NEW
UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,
CONTAINING
A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, SEAS,
LAKES, RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &c/ •
KJVOTTJV WORLD.
I
APPENDIX,
CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES, WITH
TABLES ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES.
ACCOMPANIED WITH AN ATLAS.
BY JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. A.A. S. S. H.S. ^
AND
RICHARD C. MORSE, A. M.
THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.
PUBLISHED BY
SHERMAN CONVERSE OF NEW-HAVEN,
AND
SILAS ANDRUS OF HARTFORD.
S. CONVERSE, PRINTER.
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, «.
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of August, in the forty-sixth
year of the Independence of the United States of America, JedidiAh Morse, and
Richard C. Morse, of the said District, have deposited in this office the title of a
Book, the right whereof they claim as Authors and Proprietors, in the words follow-
ing, to wit : " A New Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, containing a description of
the various countries, provinces, cities, towns, seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known
world. With an Appendix, containing an account of the monies, weights, and measures of various
countries, with tables illustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the United States. Ac-
companied with an Atlas. By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. and Richard C. Morse, A. M
Third edition, revised and corrected." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United
States, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts,
and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned.' '
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me,
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
PREFACE.
THE preceding editions of this Gazetteer were published in two
volumes, one relating to the Western and the other to the Eastern
Continent. The former was edited exclusively by the senior author
of the present edition ; the latter, in connection with his friend the
Rev. Elijah Parish, D. D. In the present edition it has been deem-
ed expedient to comprise both continents under one alphabet, and for
the sake of more convenient reference, to publish the whole in a sin-
gle volume. Instead of the assistance of his worthy friend, the au-
thor has availed himself of the labors of his son, whose name is as-
sociated with his own upon the title-page ; and it is proper also to add
in this connection, that most of the tables in the Appendix, and the
principal articles relating to the United States, were prepared by Sid-
ney E. Morse, A. M.
The basis of the present volume, so far as relates to the Eastern
Continent, is the New Edinburgh Gazetteer, now nearly completed
in six volumes, and " executed by six different authors of literary
eminence, each taking a separate department." This work is an am-
ple digest of the most valuable geographical materials recently pub-
lished in Great Britain, and appears generally to have faithfully no-
ticed all the modern changes ; a point of the more importance, since
the common Gazetteers published in England still continue the inser-
tion of obsolete divisions, and even describe the most noted kingdoms
with boundaries which have long since ceased to exist. Besides the
information derived from the Edinburgh Gazetteer, the articles of the
Eastern Continent have been improved from a variety of sources.
Tlie geography of the German States, particularly, hitherto regarded
as peculiarly complicated, has been made much more accurate by the
use of Kramer's Lchrbuch der Geographic dcr Staaten des deutschen
Bundes.
In regard to our own country, the principal dependence in respect
to what may be called permanent geography, has been on the various
geographical works of the senior author ; the information in which
has been gradually collected during a space of more than thirty
years, partly by correspondence with gentlemen of the first intelli-
gence in the various States, and partly by consultation of standard
works as they have appeared from time to time. Much information
has also been recently collected by correspondence, and extensive
personal travels. The valuable works which have lately been pub-
PREFACE.
lished on various parts of the country, have been systematically, and
it is believed faithfully digested. A catalogue of the publications to
which we are principally indebted, is annexed to this preface.
Particular attention has been given to the accounts of Missionary
Stations. The principal authorities in this department of the work
are the London Missionary Register, the Missionary Herald publish-
ed in Boston, and the Reports of the several Missionary Societies.
The first table in the Appendix contains a summary result of the re-
searches of the senior author in relation to the number and position
of the various Indian tribes in this country ; but a more particular
account is reserved for publication in another form. In the tables on
the Commerce and Resources of the United States, much assistance
was derived from Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the
United States, and Seybert's Statistical Annals ; but the statements
are generally exhibited in a new form, and are frequently the result
of laborious calculations : many of them also are brought down to
the present time from other sources.
Abbreviations, though long since abandoned in Great Britain, are
still used by German Geographers, and have been adopted by us.
When not carried to excess, they are attended with obvious advanta-
ges. In the present volume they are used only in words of frequent
occurrence, and the explanation is generally obvious.
In a work of this general nature it is impossible to avoid error.
No man can describe the whole world, or even the whole of an ex-
tensive country from personal observation. He must of necessity rely
on others, who will often lead him astray. All that can reasonably be
demanded of the General Geographer is a diligent collection and
faithful use of the best materials. To accomplish this we have spared
neither industry nor expense, yet none can be more sensible than we
ourselves that many articles will be found defective, and many state-
ments erroneous. We shall be much obliged by any communications
which will enable us to improve a future edition. To the Heads of
the different departments of the General Government, and to all the
gentlemen who have obligingly furnished us with documents or
manuscripts, for the improvement of the present edition, we tender
our grateful acknowledgments. The public patronage abundantly
experiencer] in times past, and recently manifested in a very liberal
subscription for the present volume, will stimulate to increased efforts
to reader future editions more worthy of approbation.
New-Haven, August 8th, 1821.
A
CATALOGUE
OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED IN COMPILING THIS GAZETTEER.
Americana Archaeologia, or Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society,
1st vol. 8 vo. Worcester, 1820.
American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4 vols. 8 vo. New-York, 1814.
American Missionary Register, New-York.
Blodget's Statistical Manual for the United States, 1810.
Blum's Picture of New-York, 1817.
Bouchette's Topographical Account of Canada, and maps, 8 vo. London, 1815.
Bourne's map of Ohio, 1820.
Brackenridge's Views of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1814.
Carrigan's map of New-Hampshire, 1818.
Cincinnati Directory, 12 mo. 1819.
Connecticut and Rhode-Island Gazetteer, by Pease &c Niles, 8 vo. 1819.
Connecticut, map of, by Warren & Gillett, 1821.
Darby's Tour from New-York to Detroit, 8 vo. 1819.
Dearborn's Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, 2 vols.
8 vo. Boston, 1819.
Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, 12 mo. 1815.
Dwight's Statistical Account of New-Haven, 1811.
Eddy's map of New-York, 1818.
Emigrant's Guide to the Western and South- Western States, by William Darby,
8 vo. 1818.
Emigrant's Directory, or Western Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, 8 vo. 1817.
Field's Statistical Account of the county of Middlesex in Connecticut, 1819.
Forbes' Sketches of Florida, 8 vo. 1821.
Greenleaf's Statistical View of Maine, 8 vo. 1816.
Harmon's Journal of Travels in the interior of N. America, 8 vo. 1820.'
Hassel's Statistische Uebersichts-Tabellen, foHo, Gottingen, 1809.
Kramer's Geographic der Staaten des deutschen Bundes, 8 vo. Bremen, 1818.
Lewis and Clark's Expedition to the sources of the Missouri and to the Pacific
Ocean, 2 vols. 8 vo. 1814.
London Missionary Register.
Melish's maps.
Missionary Herald.
M'Murtrie's Sketches of Louisville, 8 vo. 1819.
Morris' Statistical Account of Litchfield county. Conn. 1815.
National Calendar for 1820, and 1821, 12 mo. Washington City.
National Intelligencer, for 9 years, (1812—1821.)
New-Hampshire Gazetteer, by E. h P. Merrill, 8 vo. 1817.
New-York Gazetteer, by H. G. SpafFord, 8 vo. 1813.
North American Review, Boston.
Ohio Gazetteer, by John Kilbourn, A. M. 12 mo. 1819.
Pike's Expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi, Arkansaw, &;c. 8 vo. 1810.
Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, 2d edition, 8
vo. Hartford, 1817.
e CATALOGUE, &c.
Quarterly Review, London.
Ree's Cyclopedia, American edition.
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on Roads and Canals, 1808.
Schoolcraft's View of the Lead mines of Missouri, 8 vo. 1819.
Schoolcraft's Narrative of the Expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, 8 vo.
1821.
Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions, 2 vols. 8 vo.
Seybert's Statistical Annals of the United States, 4 to. Philadelphia, 1318.
Shaw's description of Boston, 12 mo. 1817.
Silliman's Tour from Hartford to Quebec, 12 mo. New-Haven, 1820.
Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, New-Haven.
Smith's View of Upper Canada, 12 mo. 1813.
Stoddard's Sketches of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1812.
Sturges' map of Georgia, 1818.
Thomas's Travels in the Western country, 12 mo. 1819.
Van Zandt's description of Illinois and Missouri, 8 vo. 1818.
Whipple's Geographical and Statistical View of Maine, 1816.
EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS.
an.
ancient.
A. Turkey.
Asiatic Turkey.
cap.
capital.
CO.
county.
Conn, or Ct.
Connecticut.
dep.
department.
Eng. - -
England.
Eu. Turkey.
European Turkey.
Hind. -
Hindoostan.
isl. -
island.
Ken.
Kentucky.
m. - - -
miles.
Mass. -
Massachusetts.
Md. -
Maryland.
N. H. - -
New-Hampshire.
N. C. - -
North Carolina.
N.J.
New-Jersey.
N.Y. -
New-York.
Pa. -
- Pennsylvania.
p-t.
post town.
Pop.
- post village.
Population.
r. - -
- river.
R. I.
Rhode-Island.
S.C. -
South Carolina
Switz.
- Switzerland.
s-p.
seaport.
Ten. -
Tennessee.
t.
- town.
Va.
Virginia.
U. States.
United States.
Vt.
Vermont.
Note. — In all places in the United States, when the population is expressed without date, it is ae-
derstood to be according; to the census of 1810.
NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
A A L
jCi-A, r. Switzerland, runs into lake Lucerne ; an-
other of this name falls into the lake of Waldstad-
ten ; and another into the Aar, 3 m. S. W. of
Bru-g.
Aa, r. France, rises near Rumilly, dep. of the
Pas de Calais, becomes navigable at St. Omer, af-
ter which it divides into three branches, and falls
into the sea below Gravelines.
Aa, r. in the Dutch province of Overyssel, falls
into the lake of Giter, the issue of which is into
tlie Zuyder Zee, near Blockzyl.
Aa, or Aade, r. in Dutch Brabant, runs into the
Dommel, below Bois le Due.
Aa, r. Saxony, falls into the lake of Blanken;
There are two rivers of this name in Holland, which
empty into the Vetch, and the old Yssel rivers.
Aa, r. in Semigallia, Courland, runs into the
gulph of Riga.
Aabenrade. See Apenrade.
Aach, t. Suabia, 32 m. N. W. of Constance.
Aachen. See Aix la Chapelle.
Aachen. See Slockach.
Aadeneh, v. Syria, 32 m. N. of Aleppo.
Aag-Holm, isl. on the coast of Norway.
Aahaus, or Ahus, in the bishopric of Munster,
a rich bailiwick, comprising four towns and twenty
parishes, and yielding a revenue of above 16,000
florins, or 1500/. sterling.
Aahaus, t. 32 m. N. W. of Munster. Pop. 1,600.
Aakiar, v. Denmark, bp. Aarhuus, Jutland.
Aakirke, t. Denmark, in the isl. of Bornholm.
Aaland. bee Aland.
Aalborg, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut-
land, in the N. part of the peninsula. Pop. about
90,000.
Aalborg, the capital of the above, is a large
and populous town, and, after Copenhagen and
Odensee, the most opulent in Denmark. It
carries on a good trade in corn and excellent her-
rings. The harbor is deep and safi.', though at
AAR
one place rather difficult of entrance. 30 m. N. of
Wiborg. Lat. 57° 3' N.
Aalburgh, a large v. Holland, near the Mease.
Aalsmer, v. Holland. Pop. 1 ,800.
Aalten, t. Dutch Guelderland, on the frontier of
Munster. Pop. 3,520.
Aamara, a seaport of Barca, Africa, 60 m. S. E.
of Tabarca.
Aanstooi, v. Holland, in Guelderland.
Aar, or Aren, r. in Switzerland, falls into the
Rhine near Coblentz, in the canton of Aargau.
Aara, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 25 m. S. W. Madian.
Aaraban, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, on
the river Khabur, 18 m. S. E. of Ras-ain, 53 E.
N. E.ofRacca. Lat. 36° 21' N. Lon.40°E.
Aarau. See Arau.
Aarberg, t. Switzerland, 9 m. fr. Berne.
Aarburg, t. on the Aar, Switzerland, has a castle.
Aardelsfiord, gulf, on the coast of Norway.
Aardenburg, t. Holland, 11 m. N. E. of Bruges.
Pop. 1,000.
Aaret, t. Norway, 8 m. S. of Stavanger.
Aargau, Argow, Argovia, a Swiss canton. It
has the cantons of Zug and Zurich on the E. the
Rhine on the N. the cantons of Basil and Solothurn
on the W. with those of Berne, Lucerne, and part
of Zug on the S. Extent, 650 sq. m. Pop. 132,763.
Aarhuus, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut-
land, extending from the Categat to the bp. of Wi-
borg. Pop. about 140,000.
Aarhuus, capital of the above bp. lies on a
pleasant level between the sea and an inland lake,
connected by a canal dividing the town into two
equal parts. It enjoys a good trade with Livonia,
Sweden, Norway, Holland, England, France, and
Spain. The chief article of export is corn. 48
m. S.ofAalborg. Lon. 10°13'E. Lat. 56° 10' N.
Aarl an der Veen, v. in N. Holland, 2-050 inhab.
Aarle, lordship, Brabant. The village of the
same name has, with the neighbouring one of Rix-
el, 1,015 inhab. and h ne&r He]mont oh tha Aiw
10
ABA
Aaroe. See Anoe.
Aaron, t. France, dep. of Mayenne. It hay ex-
tensive iron works.
Aaronsbiirg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. 15 m. E. Belle-
font, 40 W. by N. fr. Sunbury.
Aaron's IslanJ, or Si. Aaron, an isl. on llie N.
W. coast of France, on which St. Malo is built.
Aarwangen, v. Switz. canton of Benie, 12 m.
E. of Solothurn.
Aarweiler. See Ahrweilcr.
Aas, fort, Norway, 20 m. W. S. W. of Chris-
tiansand.
Aatas, t. Turkestan, 65 m. S. E. Y\.ndeg:an.
Aazy, t. France, dep. of the Aisne, with good
iron works, 5 m. S. W. of Chateau-Thierry.
Aba, t. Japan, in the isl. of Ximo, 6 m. S. S. E.
Nangasaky.
Aba, mountain of Armenia, whence the Eu-
phrates and Araxes have their source.
A bach, borough in Bavaria, on the Danube, 9
m. from Ratisbon.
Abaco. See Providence, JVeiv.
Abacooche. See Coosa.
Abacu, a point of land on the S. coast of St. Do-
mingo. Lon. 26° 44' W. Lat. 32° 50' N.
Abacuna, r. S. America, which joins the Ori-
noco near the fall of Atures.
Abadan, t. of the pachalic of Bagdad, near the
Persian Gulf. 40 m. S. E. of Ba^sora.
Abode, V. Egypt, on the Nile. On the same site
■was built, in a superior taste, the ancient Greek
city of Abydos. 80 m. S. Cairo.
Abadeh, a walled t. Persia, pro v. Fars. Lat. 31°
10' N. Pop. 5,000.
Abafacem, v. Abyssinia, 30 m. E. of Axum.
Abafaja, v. Transylvania, on the Marosch.
Abtthai, a country of Chinese Tartary. Lat.
44° N. Lon. 115° E.
Abahaner, a country of Chinese Tartary, in-
habited by the Mongol Tartars, near the wall of
China,
Abaite, r. Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, runs
E. and falls into the Rio I'rancisco. The largest
diamond ever produced in Brazil, was found in
this river.
Abakan, r. Asia, which joins the Enesei 16 m.
S. of Abakansk.
Abakansk, a fortified t. of Siberia, on the Aba-
kan, prov. of Kolhyvane. 340 m. E. of Kolhy-
vane. Lat. 54° 0' N. Lon. 91° 14' E. Pop. 1,250.
Abalak, t. Siberia, 16 m. S. of Tobolsk.
Aban, t. Persia, 65 m. S. of Kernian.
Aban, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 3 leagues
from Besancou.
Abana, in Sac. Geog. r. of Syria, which rises in
Mount Lebanon, and passing by Damascus, is lost
in a desert to the south of that city.
Abancourt, t. France, dep. of the North, 5 m.
N. Cambray.
Abariga, t. in Wliidah, Africa, 22 m. W. Sabi.
Abano, t. Italy, territoi'y of Padua, noted for its
hot sulphureous baths. Pop. 3,000.
Abaraner, t. Persian Armenia, 25 m. E. Nac-
sivan.
Abarcal, t Portugal, prov. of Beira, 15 m. W.
Lamego.
Abarek, v. Kurdistan, on the confines of the des-
ert. 48 m, from Nisibis.
Ahnrim, in Sac. Gcog. mountains of Palestine,
on the east side of Jordan, opposite Jericho. Pis-
gah, Nebo, Peov, &c. were partieubr summits in
this ridge.
A B D
Abarn.us, a city, country, and promontory of Pa-
riana, near the Hellespont. The inhab. are poor
and treacherous, and sell their own children. E.
lon. 39° to 43°. N. lat. 43° to 45°.
Abari/, r. of Guiana, between the Berbice and
the Demcrara.
Abarzkaia, t. Russia, gov. of Tobolsk, on the
river Ischim, 128 m. S. E. of Tobolsk,
Abasa, Abascia, or Abghas, Great and Little, a
country of Asia, bounded N. by Circassia, S. by
Mingrelia, and S. W. by the Black sea. The in-
habitants are a bold, rebellious, and independent
peoi)le, subsisting chiefly by hunting and plunder.
Some of the tribes have chiefs of their own ; oth-
ers consider themselves vmder the protection of
Russia; and several acknowledge no authority.
Pop. about 150,000.
Abaski, t. Circassia, 40 m. S. E. Kopiel.
Aba-Ujvar, a palatinate of U. Hungary, bound-
ed E. and S. by Semplin, W. by Thorn and Bors-
chod, and N. by Scharosch and Zyps. The coun-
try is rich in metals, precious stones, wood, and
wine like Tokay. Pop. 120,000.
Abawi, the name given by the Abyssinians t»
the great river which passes through their coun-
try, and which they consider, erroneously, as
forming the principal head of the Nile. The
name signifies in their language, " The Father of
Waters."
Abb, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 63 m. N. E. of Mocha.
Abba del Kuria, isl. in the Indian ocean, 50 m.
W. S. W. of the isl. of Socotra.
Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Irak, 35 m, W. N. \V.
Gnerden.
Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Mazanderau, 5 m. N.
E. Asbrcf.
Abbejiort, seaport, Norway, 48 m. S, W. Chris-
tiania.
Abbensen, v. Hanover, 5 m. S. W. of Buxte-
hude.
Abberlmry, v. England, 7 m. N. W. Shrewsbury.
Abbtrille, t. France, dep. of Somme ; celebra-
ied for the manufacture of fine cloth. 9 leagues
N. W. of Amiens, 22 S. of Calais, and 40 N. W. of
Paris. Pop. 18,000.
Abbeville, district. S. C. on Savannah r. Chief
t. Abbeville. Pop. 21,156. Slaves, 6,672.
Abbeville, p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 118 m.
W. Columbia. It has a magazine, arsenal, and
goal.
Abbey-Feale, v. Ireland, 30 m. fr. Limerick.
Abbey-Green, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Lanark.
Abbeylei.T, v. Ireland, 48 m. S. W. of Dublin.
Abbey-Milton, v. England, 7m.N. W. of Bland-
ford.
Abbot-Ann, t. England, 2i m. from Andover.
Abbots-Bromley, t. England, 6 m. E. of Stafford.
Ahholsbury, t. England, 8 m. W. S. W. of Dor-
chester.
Abbotshall, v. Scotland, Fife shire, on N. shore
of the frith of Forth. Abundance of coal is
found here, rising to the surface of the ground.
Pop. 2,879.
Abbofs-Langlcy, v. England, Hertford co. 20
m. from London. Pop. 1,300.
Abbotstown, p-t, Adams co. Pa. 41 m. S. W.
Harrisburg.
Abbruck, isl. Russia, near the isl, of Oesel.
Abcoude, t. Holland, 5 m. S. Amsterdam.
Abda, a prov. on the W. coast of Morocco, fa-
mous for its breed of horses. Pop, 500,000,
ABE
Ahdama, a populous village of Syria, gov. of
Aleppo.
Abd-el-asis, v. Persia, between Erbil and Mosul.
Jlbdel-keditj isl. in the Nile, near Girge.
Abdon, isl. Lat. 0° 30' N. Lon. 131° 15' E.
Abdulabad, t, Hindostan, prov. Oude, 5 m. N.
of Mauicnpore.
Abdvl-Azcem, v. Persia, in the plain of Tehe-
ran.
Abdulgunge, t Hindostan, prov. of Oude, 15 m.
?f. Chazypore.
Abdulina, t, Asiatic Russia, 60 m. N. E. Oren-
burg.
Abdun, t. Persia, prov. of Segistan.
Abdura, t. Persia, in Segistan.
Abea, t. 35 ra. E. of Senioaar, in Africa.
Abeares, t. Arabia, prov. Hedjas, 80 m. N. of
Saade.
Abeile, r. Tartary, branch of the Jihon.
Abelin, a castle and hamlet, Palestine, on a fine
eminence, 8 m. from Acre.
Abella, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. of Ba-
laguer. ^
Abel-Misraim, in Sac. Geog. otherwise called
the threshing-Jloor of Atad, supposed to have been
somewhere westward of Jordan and Jericho.
Abel-Meholah, in Sac. Geog. a place in Pales-
tine, W. of the Jordan, pertaining to the half
tribe of Manasseh. It was the native place of
Elisha the prophet, and near it Gideon miracu-
lously defeated the Midianites.
Abel-Beth-Maachali, or Abel-Maim, in Sac.
Geog. a etrong city N. W. of Damascus, in the
canton of Abilene.
Abel-Shitiim, Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of
Moab, opposite to Jericho, near Jordan. Here
Moses encamped before the Israelites passed the
Jordan under Joshua. Here also, seduced byBa-
lak, they worshipped Baal Peor, and were pun-
ished by the instrumentality of the Levites.
Abenberg, t. Bavaria, 22 m. N. of Eichstadt.
Pop. 1,000.
Abenheim, v. in the grand duchy of Hesse, 4^
m. N. W. of Worms.
Abenoja, t. Spain, 20 m. S. W. of Ciudad Real.
Abenoja, r. Spain, which falls into tlie Gua-
diana,
Abenrade. See Apcnrade.
Abensberg, a district and t, in Bavaria, on the
river Abens, 20 m. E. of Ingolstadt. Lon. 11^
52' E. Lat. 48° 46' N.
Aber, v. Wales, Caernarvon shire, on the sea
coast. Pop. 534, 6 m. from Bangor.
Aberavon, t. Wales, at the mouth of the r. Avon.
Aberbroihock, or Arbroath, seaport Scotland,
Angus Co. Pop. 8,150. 58 m. N. E. Edinburgh,
12 S. W. Monti-ose.
Aberconivay, or Conway, seaport Wales, 18 m.
fr. Denbigh, 23 fr. Caernarvon. Pop. 1,053.
Abercorn, v. Scotland, 12 m. W. of Edinburgii.
Abercom, t. Georgia, On Savannali r. 18 m. N.
W. Savannah, 5 fr. Ebenezer.
Abercouk, t. Persia, 120 m, N. E. of Shiraz.
Abercrombie, t. Effingham co. Lower Canada,
36 m. N. W. Montreal.
Aberdalgy, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Perth.
Aberdeen, city, Scotland, in Aberdeen shire, on
the'r. Don, a mile from the sea. It is called Old
Aberdeen, in contradistinction to the town of that
name about a mile distant, from which it is quite
separate, both in civil and ecclesiastical constitu-
tion. An university, called King's College, was
founded io 1 506. It has professorships of diviaity,
ABE
11
civil law, medicine, humanity, Greek, moral phi-
losophy, natural philosophy, mathematics, and
Oriental languages. Belonging to tlie university
are a very considerable number of bursaries or
endowments for the support of students ; the total
number of whom in 1816—1817, was 187. The
library contains 12,935 volumes of printed works,
and sevei^l curious manuscripts. Pop. 1,911.
Aberdeen, seaport Scotland, Aberdeen Co. and
the principal city of Scotland N. of the river
Forth. A fine bridge, of a single arch, of 132
feet span, of granite, wjis erected recently in Un-
ion-street, at an expence of 10,000/. There are
twenty-one jilaces for divine worship in tliis city,
for d-itferent denominations of Christians. An uni-
versity, called Marischal College, was founded
here in the year 1593. The buildings, which oc-
cupy a considerable area towards the north-east
part of the city, have been erected at different
periods, and are very irregular. An observatory
has been constructed over a portion of them late-
ly, elevated about 60 feet above tlie court below,
and commanding a spacious view. This institu-
tion has a good library, containing about 10,000
volumes. The two universities. King's College
and Marischal College, are quite distijict and in-
dependent of each other, and some attempts for
their union under one system have proved abor-
tive. Marischal College was attended by 220
students during the winter session 1816—1817, be-
sides 105 students of divinity, alternately attend-
ing each university. Trade and manufactures
are actively prosecuted to a large extent. The
latter chiefly consist of woollen, linen, and cot-
ton, in all their different stao^es. The principal
exports are grain, fish, tliread, hosiery, cotton, and
linen goods, and not less than 7000 tons of granite
yearly, for paving the streets of London. Pop.
33,639. 108 m. N. of Edinburg. Lon. 2° 8' W,
Lat. 57° 9' N.
Aberdeen, co. Scotland, bounded N. and E. by
the German ocean, on the S. by Pertli, Forfar, and
Kincardine.
POPULATION.
Families 33,718
engaged in agriculture 13,637
in trade and man-
ufactures 14,286
engaged otherwise 5,795
Total Individuals 135,075.
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Aberdeen shire, 8 m.
from Frazerburgh.
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Fife shire, 10 m. N. W.
of Edinburgh. Pop. 1,800.
Aberfeldie, v. Scotland, on the Tay, 76 m. N.
W. Edinburgh,
Aberford, t. England, 8 m. fr. I^eeds.
Aberfors, t. Russia, gov. of Wiborg, 30 m. W.
of Frederickshamm.
Aberfayle, v. Scotland, Perth shire, 9 m. E.
Kippen.
Aberfraw, t. in the isl. of Anglcsea, 20 m. E. S.
E. of Holyhead. Pop. 1,054.
Abergavenny, t. England, Monmouth co. 17 m.
fr. Monmouth. Pop. 2,815.
Abergeley, a seaport in N. Wales, Denbigh
CO. 12 m. fr. Aberconway. Pop. 1,044.
Abergement le Due, t. France, 8 leagues S. of
Dijon. Pop. 1,600.
Abergement, v. France, dep. of the Ain.
Abergement, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 12
leagues S. E. of Besan^on.
Abergn-illy, v. S. Wales, 2 m. E. CaermarthcD
12
A B I
ABO
Aberlady, v. Scotland, Haddington shire, on the
S. shore oif the Foi-th, 16 m. from Edinburgh,
Aberlemno, v. Scotland, Ang;u shire, has two
singular obelisks, covered with rude sculptures. 4
m. S. of Brechin.
Abemethyy t. Scotland, Perth shire. Here is a
circular pillar, 74 feet high, and 16 in diameter;
consisting of 64 regular courses of hewn stone.
7 m. from Perth. Pop. 1,035.
Abernethy, v. Scotland, Elgin shire, 30 m. S. E.
of Inverness. Pop. 1,709.
Abertamm, t. of Bohemia, circle of Elubogen,
1,130 houses.
AberustwUhjV.Engldiad, Monmouthshire. Pop.
1,626.
Aberystwith, seaport S. Wales, Cardigan shire,
39 m. N. of Cardigan. Pop. 2,264. Lat. 52° 17'
N. Lon. 4° 20' W.
Abestad. See Afrestad.
Abex, a name given to the region along the W.
coast of the Red sea, between Abyssinia and E-
gypt. It consists chiefly of mountains and deserts,
and has been very little explored. Between Lat.
11° and 24^ N.
Abgherm, t. Persia, prov, of Irak, 150 m. E. N.
E. Ispahan.
Abha, a market v. of Abyssinia, near Massuah.
Abher, t. of the Persian Irak, or ancient Parthia,
in Asia, delightfully situated, and adorned witli
fine gardens and elegant public buildings. 26 ra.
S. E. from Sultania.
Abhosagur, t. Tibet, on the Ganges, 130 m. N.
N. W. of Sirinagar.
Abi-Atrah, r. Persia, running into the Caspian
sea, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ashor.
Abia, r. in the N. part of the isl. of Borneo, with
1 4 feet water on a bar at the mouth in spring tide,
opposite to the isle of Usookan.
Abiad, Bahr el, r. Africa, is considered as the
head of the Nile. It rises in the Mountains of the
Moon, several hundred miles S. of Darfoor.
Abiad, t. on the coast of Abex, on a high moun-
tain, and remarkable for its trade in ebony and ar-
omatick plants.
Abia-Grasso, t. Italy, dutchy of Milan, 12 m. S.
W. of Milan.
Abiar-Alana, t. Arabia, prov. of Hedjas, 33 m.
W. Ailah.
Abiasco, v. Switzerland, on the r. Blegno.
Abid, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 12 m. S> of Doran.
Abild, t. Sweden, prov. of Halland, 20 m. N. of
Helnistadt.
Abilene, in Sac. Geog. a small canton in Coelo
Syria, W. of Damascus, between Libanus and
Antilibanus, of which Lysanias was for some time
tetrarch.
Abin, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 60 m. N. E. of Aden.
Abineau, or Long Point, a narrow neck of land,
which projects into Lake Erie, about 10 m. W.
of Fort Erie.
Abineau Port, on the N. side of Lake Erie, 13
m. W. S. W. from Fort Erie.
Abingdon, t. Enerland, Berks shire, on the
Thames. Fop. 4.801. 6 m. S. of Oxford, and 56
W. JV. W. of London.
Abingdon, t. Harford co. Md. 20 m. N. E. Balti-
more. Pop. 300.
Abingdon, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Va.
Bear the S. W. corner of the state, 260 m. from
Richmond. A cave, arched with a massy rock,
penetrates 300 feet into the hill on which the town
stands. It has several apartments, and a brook
rarming through it.
Abmaion, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 18 m. S. E.
Boston.^ Pop. 1,704.
Abinglon, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. 145 m. N. E.
Harrisburgh, 15 N. E. Wilkesbarre. Pop. 511.
Abinglon, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 12 m. N. Phil-
adelphia. Pop. 1,236.
Abipones, warlike Indians who inhabit between
28° and 30° S. lat. on the banks of the river Plata.
Number about 5,000. During the five winter
months the country which they inhabit is inunda-
ted, when they retire to live in the islands or on
the tops of trees.
Abira, t. Persia, prov. of Kermau, 68 m. E. S.
E. of Kerman.
Abirelcara, t. Eg5rpt, on the road into S)rria, 10
m. S. W. of Belbeis.
Abisea, prov. of Peru, E. of the Andes, and S.
of Cuzco. It is little known, consisting entirely
of woods, rivers, and lakes, being the refuge
of many barbarous nations of Indians, who have
been driven out of the more frequented parts of
the country.
Abiscoun, t. Persia, in the prov. of Korassan, on
the river of the same name, 10 m. W. of Assera-
bad, and 40 W. of Jorjan. Lat. 37° 10' N. Lon.
54° 5' E.
Abiscoun, r. Persia. It falls into the Caspian 20
m. W. Abiscoun.
Abismes, Qiiartel des, that part of the island of
Guadaloupe which looks to the north-east.
Abiso, or Abissa, r. Sicily, which falls into the
sea between Syracuse and Cape Passaro.
^6t7t66i, a small lake. Upper Canada; also the
name of a river which running N. joins Moose
river near its mouth at James bay.
Abitigas, a numerous and warlike nation of bar-
barous Indians, in the province and jurisdiction
of Turma in Peru, who live a wandering life in
the woods.
Abiverd, or Baverd, t. Persia, prov. of Korassan,
350 m. S. S. W. of Samarcand. Lat. 38° 16' N.
Lon. 76° E.
Abkuren, r. Persia, running into the Bend
Emir, 14 m. S. E. of Baiza.
Ablach, r. Germany, which falls into the Dan-
ube, near Scheer, in Wirtemberg.
Abl(iikct, t. Russian Tartary. Here are the re-
mains of a great temple, said to have been erected
before the year 1671, by Ablai, a Kalmuck chief,
to the gods of his nation ; the whole surrounded
by a wall 15 feet high. Though now in a state of ra-
pid decay, some MSS. regarding the Mongols and
Tanguts, were here preserved, during last cen-
turv. 540 m. S. E. of Tobolsk. Lon. 82° 14' E.
Lat. 49° 20' N.
Ablaket, mt. Asiatic Russia, gov. of Kolhyvane,
between the rivers Irtisch and Ablaket.
Ableutsch. See Abiasco.
Ablis, t. France, dep. of the Seine and Oise, be-
tween Paris and Chartres. Pop. 800.
Ablilas, t. in Navarre, 9 m. S. of Tudela.
Abloe, t. Little Tartary, lying between the river
Dnieper and the Black sea. E. Lon. 33° 15'. N.
Lat. 46° 20'.
Ablon, t. France, dep. of the Seine and Oise, on
the Seine, 10 m. S. S. E. of Paris.
Abnub, V. Egypt, on the Nile, 7 m. S. of Kenne.
Abo, the capital of Finland, lies at the extremi-
ty of the promontory formed lay the gulfs of Both-
nia and Finland, on the river Aura jocki, which
runs through the town. It has a commodious har-
bor, and drives a considerable trade with other
towns in Finland, in corn, cattle, fish, wood, iron.
A B R
tar, and cloth. Its foreig^n commerce extends to
England, Holland, and, in a small degree, to the
Mediterranean. Here are manufactories of cloth,
silk, cotton, ropes, and paper, along with a sugar
refinery; there are likewise two dock-yards,and one
of the best glass houses in the Russian dominions.
Pop. in 1791, 11,500. Gustavus Adolphus founded
here an academy in 1628, which, in 1640, was
raised to the rank of a university. A number of
Finnish and Russian youths here qualify them-
selves for the bar or pulpit. Lon. 22° 7' E. Lat
60°28'N.
Abo, t. in the desert tract immediately south
of Teyzan, in Africa. It is the principal place of
the rock Tibbo. Lon. 16° 55' E. Lat. 26° 20' N.
Jlbokna, t. Africa, 100 m. E. S. E. Sennaar.
Abola, one of the divisions of the Acow in Abys-
sinia. It is a valley half to a mile wide, fenced
E. and W. by mountains, covered to the summit
Tfith herbage and acasia trees.
Abomey^ capital of the kingdom of Dahomey,
which lies a little inland from the Slave Coast of
Africa, and is noted for the ferocious despotism of
its government. The roof of the king's house is
said to be adorned with human skulls, and piles of
heads, erected on each side of the gates. Pop.
24,000. Lon. 0° 55' E. Lat . 7° 50' N.
Abondance, t. in Savoy, 3 m. fr. Geneva.
Aboro, t. and district, on the Gold Coast of
Guinea, on the river Ancobra, immediately be-
hind Axim.
Aboro, a market t. in the kingdom of Acra, on
the Gold Coast of Africa.
Aborroen, a seaport, Brazil, prov. of Seara.
AboKcuis, mt. of Arabia, 3 miles from Mecca,
where, according to a tradition among the Ma-
hometans, Adam was buried.
Abouillona, or Abellionte, lake, Asiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, at the foot of Mount Olympus. A riv-
er called Lupat issues from the west end of the
lake, which is navigable by boats to the sea of
Marmora. 8 m. from Bursa.
Aboukir, t. of Egypt, with a castle, 10 m. N. E.
of Alexandria. This was the point chosen by Sir
Ralph Abercromby to effect his landing in 1801.
Aboukir, isl. about a league fi'om the town.
Aboukir Bay, formed on the W. side by the
point of land on which the town is situated, and
on the east by that v/hich lies at the mouth of the
Rosetta branch of the Nile. In this bay was
fought by Lord Nelson, in 1801, the famous battle
of the Nile, in which thirteen French sail of the
line were taken or destroyed. The country around
is barren.
Abouthesy, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Aboutige, or Abutige, t. of Upper Egypt in the
Thebais, on the W. bank of the Nile, a little S. of
Siout. The best of opium is made out of the
abundance of poppies which grow here. 170 m.
S. of Cairo. Lat. 26° 50' N.
Abra, t. Africa, 60 m. E. S. E. Sennar.
Abra, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 20 m. N. W. of Ja-
mama.
Abra, isl. in the straits of Magellan.
Abrah, t. in the interior of the Gold Coast of
Africa, the capital of Fantee.
Abraham' aha, v. Hungary, Jyps Co.
Abram, t. England, in Lancashire. Pop. 502.
Abrantes, fortified town on the Tagus, in Portu-
gese Estremadura, 45 m. E. Lisbon.
Abrany, two vs. Hungary, Bihar co.
"brega, t in Istria, 10 m N. Rovigno,
ABU
13
IF
Abreiro. t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes.
Abreisha, t. in the island of Cyprus, 16 m. N. N,
E. Baffa.
Abreolhos, Abrolhos, or Abreogos, Point of, on
the coast of Brazil, in Lon. 30° 51' 30" W. Lat.
18° 19' 30" S. Near this point are some hidden
rocks or sand banks, on which numbers of vessels
have suffered shipwreck. These sand banks are
more than 20 leagues from the continent, and, cal-
culated from their centre, lie in Lon. 39° 18' W.
Lat. 17° 51' 20" S.
Abres, or Les Abres, t. France, dep. of the Isere.
Abries, or Aurieu, t. France, dep. of the Upper
Alps, 16 leagues E. S, E. of Gap.
Abriz, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, 27 m.
E. S. E. Erekli.
Abrojos, or Baxos de ZJaiwca, abank E. of Turks-
Islands, W. I. Lon. 70° 40' W. Lat. 21° 5' N.
Abron, r. France, which runs into the Loire^
between Avril and La Motte.
Abrug-Banya, or Abrobania, a small town in
Transylvania, on the Ompa, 21 m. from Alba Ju-
lia. It is the principal of what are called the met-
al towns. Lon. 22° 10' E. Lat. 46° 28' N.
Abriizzo, one of the four great provinces of the
kingdom of Naples, bounded E. by the Adriatic,
N. and W. by the states of the Church, and S. by
the provinces of Terra di Lavoro, and Capitana-
ta. It is divided into two districts, separated by
the river Pescara : the one called Abruzzo Citra^
the other, Abruzzo Ultra. The capital of the
former is Salmona, and of the latter Aquila. Pop
in 1788, 587,719.
Abs, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 8 m. N. W.
of Viviers.
Absharon, peninsula of Persia, prov. of Schir-
van, projecting from the N. W. side of Baku into
the Caspian sea. It is an inexhaustible source of
the Naptha. Here are two villages, and a few
Guebres have established themselves, together
with temples, near to what is esteemed perpetual
fire, the object of their adoration. Lat. 40° 10' N,
Abshirin, r. Persia, flows into the Persian gulf.
Absteinach, a district in Hesse. The town of
this name is 7 m. N. N. E. Heidelberg.
Abstetten, t. Austria, 9 m. S.of Tuln.
Abston, t. England, Gloucester shire 7 m,
from Bristol.
Abstorf, two towns in the archduchy of Austria ;
one 7 m. S. Tonneberg, the other 5 m. E. Zisters-
doi'f.
Abstotten. See Abstetten and Amstotten.
Abswangen, t. East Prussia, in the bailiwick of
Natangen, 12 m. S. of Konigsbei^.
Abtenau, t. in the archbishopric of Saltzbui^,
20 m. S. S. E. Saltzburg.
Abtegemund, v. in Wirtemberg, 6 m. S. W. of
Ellwangen.
Abu Ait, or Selin, v. Egypt, on the Nile, 4 m. S.
E. Abutige.
Abu-Arisch, a territory of Arabia, near the
Red Sea, extending from 15° 20' N. lat. to 17° 40'.
Its prinpcipal towns are Abu-Arisch, Gesan a sea-
port, Harradi, and Sabea. Salt is obtained from
the hills in the vicinity, and exported.
Abu-Arisch, city Arabia, 80 m. E. Loheia. Lon.
42° 30' E. Lat. 16° 45' N.
Ahucay, t. on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Min-
danao. Lon. 125° 24' E. Lat. 8° 40' N.
Abucees, S. Joseph de los, a settlement of Indians
in S. America, on a branch of the Putumayo. Lon.
75°22'W. Lal.0°3G'N.
14
A B Y
A C A
Abu-Dahea, a rocky islet in the Red sea, near
the coast of Arabia. ].at. 25° 19' N.
Abufeide, a steep mountain in Egypt, on the
Nile, opposite Monfalout, inhabited by a formida-
ble body of robbers.
Abul Kasum, t. in Bagdad, near the Euphrates,
22 m. N. N. W. Hillah.
Abu-Mtalle, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast
of Arabia. Lat. 25° 19' N.
Abur, mt. Arabia, in Yemen, 16 m. S. S. W. of
Kataba.
Aburra, S. Bartolome de, t. of New Granada.
Lon. 75° 17' W. Lat. 5° 51' 30 ' N.
Abury, v. Eng. Wiltshire, celebrated for a stu-
pendous assemblage of stones, of great antiquity,
artificially arranged. 6 m. fr. Marlborough, 81
fr. London.
Abiischureia, isl, near the E. shore of the Red
sea. Lat. 16° 54' N.
Abimhuscha. isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 27° 20' N.
Abu Sexan, t. in central Africa, 100 m. E. Wara.
Abu Shareb, t. in central Africa, 85 m. S. S. E.
of Wara.
Abusir, or Busir, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 40 m.
S. Damietta.
Abusir, two fortified eminences, 120 m. W. of
Alexandria, in Egyi>t.
Abussinem, t. Palestine 6 m. N. E. Acre.
Abutcha, r. Siberia, runs into the Yana. Lon.
132° 44' E. Lat. 66° 30' N.
Abuiige. See Aboutige.
Abuyog, t. on the E. coast of isl. Lc'ta, one of
the Philippines. Lon. 124° 59' E. Lat.' 10° 44' N.
Abwerden, t. of East Prussia, 3 m. S. S. W. of
Konigsberg.
Aby, t. Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 10 m. S. Pitea.
Abj/ssinia, an extensive kingdom of Africa,
bounded E. by the Red sea, N. by Sennaar, W.
and S. by Sennaar, Kordofan and vast and barba-
rous regions, about 770 m. long, and 550 broad.
The ranges of mountains, with which it is every
■where intersected, presers^e the air cool, and af-
ford a supply of water sufficient to maintain fertili-
ty. The declivities of the mountains afford the
most agreeable situations, upon which most of the
towns and villages are built. In consequence of
this physical structure^ Abyssinia is exceedingly
fertile, and is exempted in a great measure from
that sand which dooms so large a portion of Africa
to sterility. Wheat is raised in considerable quan-
tity; teff grows on every soil, and affords the
bread which is in universal use. One of the most
important natural curiosities of Abyssinia, is the
great plain of salt, belAveen Amphila and Massu-
ah. It covers a flat plain, about four days jour-
ney across. It is perfectly pure and hard for
about two feet deep. It is cut with an adze into
pieces, which not only serve as seasoning to food,
but even circulate as money in Abyssinia. The
digging of the salt is attended with c»nsiderable
danger, from the vicinity of the Galla, who fre-
quently attack those employed, as well as the car-
avans, which convey the salt to Antalo. The gov-
ernment is a despotism; the power of the sove-
reign has no limit ; there is no assembly of the
people, nor any nobles to controul its exercise. —
But this absolute power is set at open defiance,
not only by a number of savage tribes established
in the heart of his dominions, but by tlie governor
of the smallest province, by every one in short
who can collect around him a body of armed men.
Civil war rages thus almost without intermission.
This perpetual state of civil war and coufusioQ
seems to be the main cause of that peculiar bar-
barism and brutality, by which the manners of
Abyssinia are characterised. Dead bodies lie in
the streets, without being allowed the rites of sep-
ulture, but are left to be devoured by the dogs
and liyaenas. They eat raw flesh, and when on a
journey, are in the habit of cutting steaks from a
living animal, then closing up the wound and
driving him on. Marriage in Abyssinia is a very
slight connection, formed and dissolved at pleas-
ure. Although the Abyssinians profess Christian-
ity, their religion still retains a large share of Ju-
daical observances. They abstain from the meats
prohibited by the Mosaic law ; practise circum-
cision, and keep both the Saturday and Sunday as
Sabbaths. The Coptic patriarch of Cairo contin-
ues still to be the nominal head of tlie church,
from whom the Abuna, the resident head, receives
his investiture. Their veneration for the Virgin
is unbounded. Their saints are very numerous,
and surpass ip miraculous power even tliose of the
Romish calendar. The foreign commerce of
Abyssinia is carried on entirely by way of Mas-
suah, whence the communication with the inte-
rior is maintained by the channel of Adowa. The
imports are chiefly lead, block tin,^old foil, Per-
sian carpets, raw silks from China, velvets, French
broadcloths, coloured skins from Egypt, glass
beads and decanters from Venice. The exports
consist of gold, ivory, and slaves. The population
is variously estimated from 2 to 3,000,000.
Abzal, r. Persia, flows into tlie Persian gulf.
Acaay, a pai'ish in Paraguay, 14 leagues S. E.
of Ascension. Lon. 57° 25' W. Lat. 25° 54' S.
Acabef Assolhm, a seaport of Barca in Africa,
60 m. S. £. of Tabarca.
Acadia, the name by which Nova Scotia was
called when it belonged to the French. See J^''o-
va Scotia.
Acadia, co. Louisiana. Pop. 6,174. Chief t.
Godberrys, between lake Maurepas and the Mis-
sissippi.
Acaguiry, t. Hindostan, in Golconda, 36 m. N.
W. Adoni.
Acam. See Akim.
Acama, or Cape St. Epipliany, a promontory of
tlie island of Cyprus,
Acamon, r. Guiana, which enters the Caroni.
Acanti, r. in the province of Darien, which
falls into the sea between Cape Tiburon and the
bay of Caledonia.
Acapnia, v. S, America, in Guatimala. Lon.
93° 52' \\\ Lat, 16° 53' N.
Acupulco, or Los Reges, t. Mexico, on the coast
of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest
in the world, and capable of containing any num-
ber of vessels in perfect safety. The principal
trade of Acapulco is with Manilla, one of the
Philippine islands, to which it has for a long pe-
riod sent out annually a large vessel, called a gal-
leon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gen-
erally consists of silver, a very small quantity of
cochineal from Oaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil
and Caraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool, "rhe
value of the precious metads, exported in a single
vessel, including what is not registered, amounts
in general to about 200,000/. or 250,000/. The
galleon generally sails from Manilla in the middle
of July, or beginning of August, when the south-
west monsoon is already completely established.
Its cargo consists of muslins, printed calicoes,
coai-se cotton shirts, raw silks, china, silk stock-
ings, articles of jewelry, spices, and aromatics.
A C C
The voyag^e formerly lasted from five to six months,
but now only three or four. As soon as the intelli-
gence arrives at Mexico, that the »alleon has been
seen off the coast, the roads are covered with trav-
ellers, and every merchant hastens to treat with
the supercargoes who arrive from Manilla. Aca-
pulco, owing to its position, is extremely unheal-
thy ; and the unfortunate inhabitants, besides be-
ing tormented with earthquakes and hurricanes,
breathe a burnin* air, full of insects, and vitiated
by putrid emanations. Bilious fevers, and the
cholera morbus, are very frequent, and the Mexi-
cans, who descend fi'om the table land to purchase
goods, on the arrival of the galleon, are frequently
the victims of those diseases. Pop. 4,000, mostly
people of color. At the time of the arrival of the
Manilla galleon this number is increased to 9,000.
Lat. 16° f>0' 29" N.
Acaraga, r. Paraguay, which enters the Uru-
guay, near the city of Assumption.
Acarai, a settlement of Paraguay ; also a river
of Paraguay, which enters the Parana.
Acarapu, r. of Surinam, in S. America.
Atari, r. in Brazil, which enters the Amazon at
its mouth.
Acariez, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 9 m.
E. of Naxia.
Acarigva, r. in Venezuela, rises near the town of
Araure, and running south, enters the La Portu-
guesa, a branch of the Apure.
Acarretlo, a port in S. America, province of Da-
rien. Lon. 77° 24' W. Lat. 8° 39' N.
Aeanm, t. Eu. Turkey, 40 m. N. W. Lepanto.
ArMsabastlan, r. in the province of Vera Paz, in
Mexico, runs into the Golfo Dolce, 50 m. S. of
Vera Paz,
Aca.isa, r. in French Guiana, enters the sea be-
tween the Ayapuco and Cape Orange.
Acasuchtitlan, t. Mexico, 50 m. N. Puebla de
Ids Angelos.
Acatepec. There are various small settlements
of this name in South America.
Acatlan, the name of six settlements in Mexico.
Acayvca. 1. 100 leagues S, E. of Mexico. Lon.
94° 46' 30" W. Lat. 7° 53' N.
Acasutla, a port on the Pacific ocean, in Gua-
timala. Lon. 99° 3' W. Lat. 14° 42' N.
Acboula, t. Persia, in Irak, iJO m. N. of Hama-
dan.
Accaba, mountains in Asia, between Palestine
and Arabia Petrssa, N. E. of the upper ex-
tremity of the Red sea.
Accaba, or Calaat el Accaba, fortress of Arabia
Petraea, 150 m. E. S. E. of Suez. The harbor is
of difficult access, dangerous, and full of rocks.
Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 28° 45' N.
Accadia, t. Naples, 20 m. N. Conzar,
Accar. See Akker.
Accelura, t. Naples, 19 m. S. S. E. Acerenza.
Accho, in Sac. Geog. a city of Galilee, on the
coast of the Mediterranean, about 32 m. S. of
Tyre, afterwards called Ptolemais, now Acre.
Accites, r. in Caraccas, S. America, which en-
ters the Oronoco.
Accoda, a small Dutch settlement on the Gold
Coast in the kingdom of Ahanta.
Accolorelto, t. Italy, in the papal duchy of Spo-
leto, 7 m. S. W. of Todi.
Accomac, co. Va. on the E. shore of Chesapeake
bay. Pop. 15,743. Chief t. Drummondtown.
^7 m. E. Richmond, 214 S. E '^Yajliington.
''ccovs, See Aeons,
A C H
15
W
Accumulo, t. Naples, 17 m. N, W. of Aquila.
Aceglio, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan.
Acere, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, in Pavia.
Acerenza, t. 80 m. E. of Naples.
Acemo, or Aciemo, t. Naples, 14 m. E. N. E. of
Salerno. Lon. 14° 50' E. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Acerra, t. Naples, 8 m. N. N. E. of Naples,
Ach. See Aach.
Acha, three small rivers in Bavaria. The first
falls into the Danube near Donawerth ; the second
a little above Ingolstadt ; while the tliird falls into
the Inn below Oettingen.
Achagua, Indians of New Granada, who dwell
in the plains of Guanare and Meta.
Achaia, in Sac. Geag. a province in the S. part
of Greece. Its capital was Corinth. The name is
used also in a broad sense, and is coupled with
Macedonia to denote all Greece.
Achasse, r. France, which falls into the Rhone.
Acheen, a kingdom occupying the N. W. ex-
tremity of the island of Sumati-a, and reaching
about 50 m. inland. Cattle, horses, and elephants
are numerous. Very fine gold dust is obtained in
this kingdom. The inhabitants are taller, stouter,
and more swartliy than the other Simiatrans ; they
are also more acute, intelligent, and industrious ;
but are accused of being of a base and treacher-
ous disposition. Their principal articles of trade
are gold, jewels, brimstone, betelnut, camphor,
and pepper. They import, opium, cloth, and
silks from Bengal; cutlery, gunpowder, arms, and
glass, besides other articles of less consequence-
Considerable trade is carried on, both with Euro-
peans and the Eastern nations ; but all goods pay a
duty to the king. The inhabitants are principally
Mahometans. An amicable traffic is at present
carried on with the British.
Acheen, the capital of the above kingdom, is on
a river about 2 m. from the sea. It contains 8,000
houses. A good deal of trade is carried on in
Acheen, and a number of vessels resort to it from
the coast of Coromandel and the Maldives. But
commerce is attended witli some embarrassment^
partly from the king being the principal merchant
of his state ; besides, on the arrival of cargoes,
twelve bales are taken from every hundred, as
king's duty. The country in the neighbourhood
of this city is in a higli state of cultivation, popu-
lous, and abounding in villages and hamlets. Pro-
visions of all kinds are both plentiful and cheap.
Lon. 95° 46' E. Lat 5° 36' N.
Acheen-head, a cape on the N. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 95° 40' E. Lat. 5° 26' N.
Achcl, a celebrated place of Hindoo supersti-
tion, in the district of Sirhind.
Achtl, t. Hindostan, 40 m. E. Seringapatam.
Achen-Achense, a lake in the Tyrol.
Achen, r. in the principality of Berchtolsga-
den.
Achen. See Achim.
Achenheim, v. France, dep. of the Lower
Rhine.
Achere-le-Marche, t. France, dep. of the Loiret.
Arherin, t. in the grand diichy of Baden.
Acheson* s Haven, v. Scotland, Haddingtonshire,
on the S. shore of tlie frith of Forth.
Acheux, t. France, 6 leagues N. E. Amiens.
Achiachica. See Angelos.
Achibamba, r. S. America, in tlie kingdom of
Quito, which enters the Amazon,
Achigan River, Lower Canada, which falls into^
the Assiimption, 12 m. from it^ mouth.
16
AGO
.^ chill, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 53"
38' N.
Achilty, lake Scotland, Rosshire.
Achim, the name of several small districts and
villages in the duchy of Bremen, and principality
of Wolfenbuttel.
Achira, t. on the frontiers of China.
Ackita, a city of Japan, on the N. W. coast
of the island of Niphon. Lon. 131° 38' E. Lat.
39° 10' N.
Achite, r. S. America, in the prov. of Guiana.
Achleuthen, t. in the archduchy of Austria, on
the Crems, 10 m. E. S. E. of Ems.
AchmetJia, in Sac. Geog. chief t. of Media, and
summer residence of the Persian monarch, now
called Ecbatana.
Achmim^ or Echmim, t. Upper Egypt, on the
left bank of the Nile. 200 m. S. of Cairo. Lon.
31° 55' E. Lat. 26° 40' N.
Achvmnein, v. Upper Egypt, 120 m. S. of Cai-
ro. Pop. 5,000.
Achol/ing, a market town with a castle, in Ba-
varia, district of Straubing.
Achonry.v. Ireland, 16 m. W. of Sligo.
Achor, in Sac. Geog. a valley near Jericho, E.
of Jordan.
Achorstmvn, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Achshaph, in Sac. Geog. a city at the foot of mt.
Tabor, in the tribe of Asher.
Achstede, t. Germany. 6 m. N. of Bremen.
Achtiar. See Sevastopol.
Achtirka, t. Russia, 40 m. W. S. W. of Charcov.
Pop. 12,818.
Achlube. See Aktuba.
Jlchtifrka. See Achtirka.
Achzib, in Sac. Geog. s.-p. of Palestine, in the
tribe of Asher, between Acre and Tyre, after-
wards called Ecdippa, and now Zib ; also the name
of a town ivi the tribe of Judah.
Aciar, t. of little Bukharia, 35 m. S. W. of Acus.
Acilu, t. Spain, in Biscay.
Ackchora, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 5 m.
W. of Scala Nova.
Acken, town, castle, and bailiwick, on the Elbe,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, 9 m. from Zerbst.
Lon. 12° 9' E. Lat. 51° 53' N. Pop. 2,529.
Acken. See Aix la Chapelle.
Ackerhutis, Ackersund, &c. See Aggero, &c.
Acklin's Keys, two islands in W. Indies. Lon.
74°30'W. Lat. 21° 53' N.
Ackrun, v. Holland, in W, Friesland.
Ackteran, v. Syria, 25 m. E. of Aleppo.
Ackworth, t. England, York shire, where there
is a benevolent institution for the children of Qua-
kers. Pop. 1,322.
Acletta, district of Switzerland, in the country
of the Grisons.
Acmetli, t. Persia, province of Schirvan, 6 ra.
N. of Baku.
Acoba, a small town in Portuguese Estremadu-
ra, 4 m. S. of Leiria,
Acobamba, t. of Angaraes, in Peru. Lon. 74°
32' W. Lat. 13° 16' S.
Acoda, a village on the Gold Coast of Africa,
near Cape Three Points.
Acola, t. in Sicily, which was almost annihilated
by an earthquake in 1693.
Acolastre, and Acoliru, two rivers of France,
which fall into the Loire, near Nevers.
Aconcagua, province of Chili, bounded on the
A C R
N. by Quillota, E. by the Andes, S. by Santiago,
and W. by Quillota. It produces grain, fruits,
and copper in abundance. Pop. 8,000.
Aconcagua, t. Chili, in Aconcagua province.
Aconcagua, r. S. America, which enters the Pa^
cific in 33° S. lat.
Acootan, one of the Aleutian or Fox islands.
Acores, a town of Portugal, in the province of
Beira, 8 m. N. E. of Guarda.
Acori, r. province of Para, in Brazil, which
falls into the Amazon.
Acos, t. in the province of Xauxa, in Peru.
Acourbie, v. Armenia, at the base of mt. Ararat.
Acoury, or Ackoru, t. Hind. 12 m. N. W. of At-
tock, on the Indus.
Acous, t. France, dep. of Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,600.
Acqua, t. Italy, 15 m. E. of Leghorn.
Acquabella, a cape on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Venice.
Acquadagna, t. Italy 14 m. S. of Urbino.
Acqua de Corsari, a harbour on the W. coast of
the island of Sardinia.
Acqua delta Fico, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra,
15 m. W. of Squillace.
Acqua-Kegra, t. Italy, in the duchy of Mantua,
2 m. N. N. E. of Caneto.
Acqua-Negra, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 3
m. W. of Cremona.
Acqimpendente, t. Italy, 55 N. N. W. of Rome.
Acquara, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 13
m. S. W. of Cangiano.
Acquaria, t. Italy, 18 m. S. W. of Modena.
Acquasco, p-v. Prince George's co. Md. 42 rt.
S. S. W. Annapolis, 38 S. E. Washington, on Pa-
tuxent r.
Acqxia-Sparta, t. Italy, 10 m. W. of Spoleto.
Acqua-Viva, t. Italy, in the marquisate of An-
cona, 10 m. N. E. of Ascoli.
Acqua-Viva, t. Italy, 8 m. from Rome.
Acqui, or Aqui, t. Italy, 17 m. S. S. W. of Ales-
sandria, and 44 S. E. of Turin. Pop. 6,660.
Acquino, t. Naples, prov. of Terra de Lavora.
Acquoi, V. Holland, Leerdam co.
Acra, t. Hindostan, district of CondapiUy.
Acra, or Megarisb Uzzier, t. Arabia, in the
province of Nedsjed, 60 m. N. of Hajar.
Acra, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
about 26 miles in length, and from 12 to 20 in
breadth. It is the most healthy situation of any
on this coast, and carries on the most extensive
trade, both with the Europeans and with tlie inte-
rior. Both the English and Dutch have forts at
Acra ; there is also a Danish fort. Lon. 0° 10'
W. Lat. 5° 31' N.
Acre, an ancient city of Palestine, a sea-port in
the pachalic of Acre, which extends from the
Mediterranean on the west to the river Jordan on
the east. Acre stands on a bay, in a situation
rendered unhealthy from the neighbouring marsh-
es. Severe distempers are therefore prevalent
during every summer ; and in 1760, no less than
7000 persons fell victims to the plague. The town
is small, but very populous and well fortified.
Some trade is carried on in the export of cotton,
and the import of rice ; but the harbor is bad,
though better than most others on the coast. Eu-
ropeans, however, enjoy much liberty, and a
great degree of respect, as well from the govarn-
mejat as the people, who are a mixture of Turks
ADA
ADD
i;
and Arabs. Population 18,000 or 20,000. This
city has been celebrated from remote antiquity.
During nearly two centuries it became the prin-
cipal theatre of the crusades. In March, 1799
<his city was besieged without success, by the
French, under Bonaparte. Since tlie siege,
the fortifications have been considerably enlarged.
Distant 23 m. N. N. W. of Jerusalem, 27 S. of
Tyre.
^crii r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Ta-
rento.
^m, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Acrijigton, t. England, Lancashire, 9 m. E. of
Blackburn. Pop.;3,266.
Jcris/ia, t. Sicily, in the Valdi Mazzara.
Acron, a division of the Fantee territory, on the
Gold Coast of Africa. The principal seaport is
Apam, 50 ra. E. N. E. of Cape Coast.
Acropoli. See AgropoU.
Acsa, two villages in Hungary ; one in Pest
CO. the other in Stuhlweissenburg co.
Acsad, three villages in Hungary ; one in Eis-
enburg co. ; another in Wesprim co. and the
third in Bihar co.
Acsu, t. in Natolia, 20 m. E. of Isnik.
Acsu, t. in Natolia, 16 m. S. E. of Bursa, and 35
S. W. of Isnik.
Acsu, t. Little Bukharia, 108 m. E. of Cash-
gar. Lon. 75° 15' E. Lat. 43° N.
Ada, t. Syria, 30 m. S. E. of Aleppo.
Adam, t. Persia, in the province of Azerbi-
jan, 120 m. N. of Tabriz.
Adas, t. Chinese Tartary, 60 m. N. E. of Tour-
tan, and 130N. \V. of Hami.
Adon, V. Eng. 5 m. from London.
Adon, t. Eng. Cheshire, on the Grand
Trunk Canal, 4 m. fr. Nantwich, 177 fr. London.
Adon, V. Ireland, Armagh co. 58 m. from
Dublin.
Adon, t. in Richelieu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada, E. of Montreal.
Adon, t. in Windham co. Vt.33 m. S. Windsor.
Pop. 245.
Adon, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 24 m. N. W. of
Boston. Pop. 885.
Adon-Burnell, v. Eng. 8 m. from Shrewsbury.
Adon-Trussel, t. Eng. Staffordshire.
Adon-Turiille, t. Eng. Gloucestershire.
Adopan, the capital of Actopan district, 23
leagues N. N. E. of Mexico.
Acvl, s-p. of St. Domingo, 8 m. S. S. W. of
Cape Francois ; another, 16 m, S. W, of Los
Cayes.
Acuma, r. Brazil, in the province of Seara.
AcumulL See Accumulo.
Acuragu, Angoras, or Camosin, r. Brazil, in
the province of Seara.
Acwodh, p-t. in Cheshire co. N. H. 36 m. W.
of Concord. Pop. 1,523.
Art/, t. France, dep. of Aisue.
Ada, t. Circassia, 15 m. N. of Anapa.
Ada, t. Natolia, 40 m. W, of Angora.
Adaes, i. Texas, 450 m. N. W. of N. Orleans.
Adaguesa, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Vero,
12 m. N. W. of Balbastro.
i Adair, t. Ireland, 8 m. S. W. of Limerick.
Adair, co. Ken, Chief t. Columbia. Pod.
6,011. Slaves 956.
I Adaja, r. in Spain, runs into the Dourc .
Adak, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon. 184°
^XE- Lat. 53° 40' N.
■B^c^a/ta, district, Egypt, 2 m. N. E. of Cairo.
IB 3
Adalguez, or Adalgimis, t. Kurdistan, on lake
Van, 15 m. E. of Aklat.
Adam, t. European Turkey, in Moldavia, 10
m.N. N.W.ofGalatz.
Adamancotta, t. Hind, in the Mysore.
Adamas, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. N. E. of
Cordova.
Adamow, t. in the kingdom of Poland.
Adampe, a territory on the Gold Coast of Africa,
extending from Acrato the Volta.
Adnmpore, t. in Bengal, district of Burdwan.
Adams, t. in Coos co. N. H. 64 m. N. of Con-
cord. Pop. 244.
Adams, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 29 m. N. Len-
ox. Pop. 1,763.
Adams, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. S. W. of Wa-
tertown, 166 m. W. N. W. of Albany. Pop. 1,386.
Adams, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Lan-
caster.
Adams, p-t. Dauphine co. Pa. 133^m. fr. Wash-
ing-ton city.
Adams, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland. Chief
t. Gettysburg. Pop. 15,152.
Adams, p-v. Hyde co. N. C. 153 m. S. E. Ra^
leigh.
Adams, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi r. Chief
towns, Natches and Washington. Pop. 10,002.
Slaves 5,671.
Adams, t. W^asiiington co. Ohio, on the Musk-
ingum, 10 m. N. Marietta. Pop. 020.
Adams, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, between Scioto
and Brown cos. Chief t. Westunion. Pop. in
1815, 10,415.
Adams, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois.
Adam's Bridge, a ledge of sand-banks between
the coast of Ceylon and Coromandel. I'he na-
tives of Ceylon believe that their island was the
original Paradise, and that Adam being expelled
from it, passed by this line of banks to the conti-
nent of India.
Adamsdorf, v. in the New Mark of Brandenburg,
3 m. E. of Lippehene.
Adamsfrei/heit, t. near New Feistrax, Bohemia.
Adam''s Peak, mt. Ceylon island, 60 m. N. E.
of Colombo.
Adam's Point, on the W. coast of N. America,
S. of the river Columbia. Lat. 46. 15. N.
Adamsladtl, a mining town of Bohemia.
Adamstown, v. Ireland, Wexford co.
Adamuz, t. Spain, near the Guadalquivir.
Adana, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the river Adana,
10 or 12 m. from the sea, 170 S. S. W. of Sivas,
and 150 S. E. of Konieh, Lon. 35° 6' E. Lat. 36°
59' N.
Adana, r. flows into the Mediterranean, Lon.
35° 17' E. Lat. 36° 48' N.
Adanad, t. Hind, in Malabar, 25 m. S. S. E. of
Calicut.
Adanaque or Andanaque, t. Kurdistan, on
the Deaal, which flows into the Tigris, N. of Bag-
dad.
Adasa, v. Abyssinia, 70 m. S. of Gondar.
Adat, t. Japan, Niphon island, 30 m. N. of Nam-
bu.
Adana, r. S. America, a branch of Orinoco.
Adauquiana, r. Guiana, branch of the Cauca
Addaveed, t. Hind. 10 m. W. of Combam.
Adaya, a harbour in Minorca.
Adoyes. See Mexicano Rircr,
Adborow, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Adda, a Danish fort, on the Gold Cos't of M
rica, at the mouth of the Rio \'olta.
18
A D E
ADM
Adda^ r. in Italy, runs through the Valteline in-
to the lake of Como, and joins the Po, near Cre-
mona.
Adda, V. Hungary, in Batsch co.
Addenbrook, Point, on the W. coast of N. Amer-
ica. Lon. 232° 8' E. Lat. 5P 30' N.
Adderburi/, t. Eng. Oxfordshire, 3 m. fr. Ban-
bury.
Addingham, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 6 m. fr. Skipton.
Addington, Cape, on the W. coaistofthe Prince
of Wales' 3 Archipelago. Lon. 226° 23' E. Lat.
55° 26' N.
Addison, t. Washington co. Maine, 15 m. W. of
Machias. Pop. 399.
Addison, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, and on
Otter Creek. Chief t. Vergennes. Pop. 19,993.
Addison, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, 69 m. S. W. of MontpeUer, and 10 W,
Middlebury. Pop. 1,100.
Addispn, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. S. Bath.
Pop. 369.
Addison, t. Somerset co. Pa. W. S. W. of Har-
risburg. Pop. 678.
Addison, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 4 m.
N. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 410.
Adtbiau, t. in the grand duchy of Posen, 25 m S.
S. W. of Kalisch.
Adebuil, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Lu-
cerne, 7 m. N. W. of Lucerne.
Adeenagur, t. Cabul, 50 m. E. S. E. of Cabul.
Adeenapore, t. Hind. IV. of Lahore.
Adegem, t. Netherlands, 12 m. E. Bruges.
Adel or Adaiel, a territory of Africa, immediate-
ly S. E. of Abyssinia. It stretches from Zeila to
the Straits of Babelmandel, and is divided among
a number of war-like tribes, who carry on almost
perpetual war with Abyssinia. Zeila is the chief
town.
Adelberg, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. of Goppin-
gen.
Adelberg. See Adehberg.
Adelbordin, v. in the canton of Berne.
Adelebsen, in the principality of Calenberg, and
kingdom of Hanover.
Adekpsen. See Adelebsen.
Adelfors, t. Sweden, in Smaland. Lat. 57°
26' N.
Adelgians, See Adalgues.
Adellof, t. Sweden, prov. of Smaland. Lat. 58°
i'N.
Adelmannsfelden, t. of Wirtemberg, in Jaxt,
./idelnau, t. in the grand duchy of Posen.
Adelphi, four islands in the Grecian Archipela-
go in Lon. 24° 4' Lat. 39° 22'.
Adelphi, p-t Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E. Chili-
cothc.
Adelsberg, t. in Inner Carniola, between Lay-
bach and Fiumc, capital of a circle of the same
name 12 m. E. N. E. of Trieste.
Adelsberg, a market t. of Germany, in the duchy
dfNeuburg, now in the kingdom of Bavaria.
Adelsborn, a bailiwick, town, and castle of Ger-
many, in the district of Eichsfeld, 9 m. from Dud-
erstadt.
Adelsdorf, t. Silesia, in the circle of Goldberg,
and duchy of Leignitz.
Adelsheim, t. in the grand duchy of Baden.
Adelskofen, t. in the grand duchy of Baden
Adelsried, v. Bavaria, in Burgau. Pop. 520.
Aden, a small state of Arabia Felix, bounded S.
by the Indian ocean, W. and N. by the dominions
of the Imam of Yemen, and E. by the country of
Jafa.
Aden, s-p. cap. of the state of Aden, situa-
ted on the rocky peninsula in the S. W. extrem-
ity of Arabia, formerly the most opulent city of
Arabia. The surrounding country is fertile, and
could export gold, ivory, coffee, and gum. Lon.
45° 10' E. Lat. 12° 56' N.
Adendorf, a lordship in the grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, which belongs to Russia ; 8 m. fr.
Bonn.
Adenore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. of
Volconda.
Aderampar, t. Hind, in Travancore, 35 m.
N. E. of Porcah.
Aderberg. See Oderberg.
Aderborgt, t. in Hither Pomcrania, 9 m. N. W.
of Stettin.
Adercan, t. Persia, in Laristan, 60 m. N. E.
Lar.
Adercan, t. Persia, in Fars, 135 m. S. ofSchi-
raz.
Adercand, t. Great Bukharia, 40 m. S. W. of
Kojend.
Aderno, t. in Sicily, at the foot of Mount Etna.
Adervan, mt Persia, 60 m. N. E. of Shuster.
Adhergat, t. Syria, on the frontiers of Arabia.
Adjazze. See Ajaccio.
Adiconi, a port of Venezuela.
Adjerud, fortress, Eg}Tpt, 10 m. N. of Suez.
Adige, r. rises in the country of the Grisons, on
the borders of Tyrol, and runs into the gulf of Ven-
ice near the mouths of the Po. It passes by Ty-
rol, Brixon, Trent, V^erona, and Rovigo.
Adijiara, r. Great Bukliaria, flows into the
Harrct, opposite Arhenz.
Adilabad, t. in the Mahratta dominions, prov. of
IChandish, 20 m. S. of Boorhanpore.
Adinseik, t. in Natolia, 9 m. S. E. of Artald.
Adjodin, or Paukputtun, a city Hind, in Moul-
tan, on the river Setlege. Lon. 73° 30' E.
Lat. 30° 21' N.
Adioulta, v. Abyssinia, on the road from Dixaa
to Gondar.
Adirbeilzan. See Azerbijan.
Adjurie, isl. on the coast of Abyssinia.
Adlar, r. in Bohemia, which falls into the Elbe
near Koningsgratz.
Adlerberg, or Arlberg, one of the largest moun-
tains in Suabia,is strictly a branch of the Tyrolesc
Alps, and separates Suabia from Tyrol and the
country of the Grisons.
Adlerberg, a hill in Saltsburg, which produces
very fine copper.
Adlcrsberg. See Adelsberg.
Adlhobs, a famous mineral bath of Bavaria, in
the district of Traunstein.
Adlington, t. Eng. Cheshire, 5 m. from Mac-
clesfield.
Adlington, t. Eng. Lancashire 4 m. from
Wigan.
Adliswil, t. in the Swiss canton of Zurich.
Admah, in Sac. Geog. one of the towns destroyed
in the valley of Ziddim, and sunk in the dead sea.
Admiralty Bay, on the N. coast of Tavai Poen-
amoo, the most southern island of New Zealand,
between Cape Stephens and Cape Jackson.
Admiralty Island, an isl. discovered by the
Dutch, near Nova Zen-Ma, in the Frozen Ocean.
Admiralty Island, a It^ige isl. on the W. coast of
North America, between King George the Third's
Archipelago and the continent, about 180 m. in
circuit. Lon. 225° 10' to 226° 31' E. Lat. 57° 2'
to 58° 24' N.
Admiralty Islands, a number of small isl?. at the
ADR
entrance of Admiralty bay, New Zealand. Lon.
186° 2' W. Lat. 40° 48' S.
Admiralty Islands, a cluster of 20 or 30 islsands
in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by the Dutch
in 1816. Lat. 1° 58' 50". to 2° 20' S. The most
western island lies in lon. 143° 37' 38" E.
Admont, t. Upper Styria, with 260 houses,
and a custom-house, 6 m. N. E. of Rosenmann.
Admuncotta, t. Hind. 6 m. S. of Darampoory.
Ado, isl. Russia, in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the coast of Finland. Lon. 20° 14' E. Lat. 60°
19' N.
Adolfseck, t. Germany on the Aar, in the lord-
ship of Idstein, belonging to the duke of Nassau,
and 8 m. W. of the town of Idstein.
Adolfshausen, v. Wirtemberg, in the district of
the Juxt.
Adolphus, Point, on the N. coast of King George
the Third's Archipelago. Lon. 224° 28 i' E.
Lat. 58° 18' N."
Adohfurt, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rezat, 2 m. S. W. of Ochringen.
Adolzheim. See Alsheim.
Adorn, or Tfieton, t. on the Danube, in Hungary,
12 m. S.ofBuda.
Adorn, a small territory in the interior of the
Gold Coast of Africa.
Adoni, t. and district of Hind, in Golconda, 188
m. N. of Seringapatam, 130 S. W. of Hydrabad,
Adonis. See Eide.
Ador, r. France, dep. of Upper Loire.
Adorf, t. Saxony, on the Elster, near the fron-
tiers of Bohemia, 12 m. from Egra ; likewise a
town of Lower Bavaria, in the circle of the Iser,
and of a village, in the principality of Waldeck.
Adour, r. France, rises in the Pyrenees, and
runs into the bay of Biscay, 3 m. below Bayonne.
Adouy, t, Hungary, on the Danube.
Adowa, the capital of Tigre in Abyssinia, and
residence of the sovereign since the Galla gained
possession of Gondar. It has an extensive manu-
facture of cotton cloths, and is the channel of com-
munication between the coEist and the interior.
Cattle, corn, and salt, constitute their chief arti-
cles of barter. About a thousand slaves pass
through Adowa, to be shipped at Massuahand oth-
er ports on the Red sea. Lon. 39° 5' E. Lat. 14°
12'30"N.
Adra, t. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 45 m.
S. E. of Granada. Lon. 3° 10' E. Lat. 36° 4' N.
Adra, r. Spain in Granada, falls into the Med-
iterranean near the town of Adra.
Adra, r. Turkey in Europe, which joins the
Marizza at Adrianople.
Adra, t. Syria, 15 m. N. E. of Damascus.
Adragno, t. Sicily, in the Valdi Mazzara, 20
m. E. N. E. of Mazzara.
Adramiti, now Ydramit, t. in Natolia, on the
E. coast of the gulf of Adramiti.
Adramittium, in Sac. Geog. a city on the N. coast
of Africa, W. of Egypt ; also the name of a s-p. in
the province of Eolia, Asia-Minor, opposite the
isle of Lesbos.
Adrana, t. Persia, prov. of Irak.
Adrashofen, v. on Leutkirch-heath, in Suabia.
Adria, t. in Italy, on a peninsula foimed by the
river Tartaro and an arm of the Po, 15 m. E. of
Rovigo. Lon. 12° 2' E. Lat. 45° 2' N. Pop.
7,200.
Adriampaiam, t. Hind. 37 m. S. E. of Tanjore.
Adrianople, (called by the Turks Adranah,) on
the Marizza, in Eu. Turkey, 130 m. N. W. of
(Jomtajitinople, The M'oriryd. which i« nayiga-
A F F
19
ble to its embouchure in the Archipelago, pro-
motes materially both foreign and inland trade.
The principal naerchants are Greeks, Jews, and
Armenians, but the town is also inhabited by
Wallachians, Turla, and other oriental tribes. An
important branch of commerce is the wine and
fruit raised in the adjacent country. It still con-
tinues a favourite place of retreat with the sul-
tans. Pop. 100,000.
Adrianopoli. See Argyro Castro.
Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, a part of the
Mediterranean which extends from S. E. to N.
W. between Itsiy and Illyria, from lat. 40° to 45°
55' N. The ebb and flow of the tide, which is not
observable in other parts of the Mediterranean,
takes place daily in the shores of the Adriatic,
though in a much less degree than in the ocean.
Adrichoa. See Andrichoa.
Adshibey, a new fortress of Russia, on the coast
of the district of Oczakow.
Adshider, a fortress of Russia, iu the govern-
ment of Cherson, on the Dniester.
Adsjar, t. Arabia, on the S. side of the Persian
gulf. Lon. 48° 20' E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Adullam, in Sac. Geog. t, of Palestine, in the tribe
of Judah, formerly the residence of a Canaanitish
king, and fortified by Rehoboam.
Adummim, or Adommim, in Sac. Geog. v. Pal-
estine, which once belonged to the tribe of Judah.
Adurieh, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 5 m. S. of
Cairo.
Adventure Bay, a spacious bay on the east coast
of Bruny's Isle, off Van Diemen's Land. Lon.
147° 30' E. Lat. 43° 20' S. See Bruny's Isle.
Adventure Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
144° 30' W. Lat. 17° 5' S.
Adzaneta, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 m. S. W. of
Pensicola.
Adzel, t. Russia, gov. of Riga, 20 m. S. W. of
Dorpat.
Adzerballig, v. Denmark, in duchy of Sleswick.
Adziud, or Atschud, t Europ. Turkey, in
Moldavia, 9 m. W. S. W. of Birlat.
Adzul, t. Europ. Turkey, in Wallachia, 5 m.
E. of Jalonitza, and 6 N. W. of Kirsova.
Aecmeili, v, Asia, on the Caspian, between
Baku and Sallian.
^gades Islands, (the Insula JEgnsm of the Ro-
mans) in the Mediterranean, W. of Sicily.
Aegelsfau-ick, s-p. Sweden, near Stockholm.
Aegery, lake of Switzerland, canton of Zug.
Aene, t. in Natolia, 12 m. from Bonarbashy.
Aerlinspach, v. Switzerland, canton of Soleure.
Aemen, t. Switzerland, in the Valais.
Aeron, r. Wales, runs into Cardigan Bay.
Ae.rschott, or Arschot, t. Netherlands, 7 m. N.
E. of Louvain, 20 S. E. of Antwerp.
Aerskaia, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 60 m. N. W.
ofTara.
Aesch, V. Switzerland, canton of Bale ; another
in the canton of Zurich.
Aeschy, v. of Switzerland, canton of Berne,
5 m. S. E. Spietz ; another in canton of Soleure.
Afdim, Afdimu, Aitimo, or Audimo, v. of Cy-
prus, 16 m. W. of Baffa.
Affalterbach, v. Wirtemberg.
4^a/-, t. Arabia, country of Yemen.
J^arli, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Marizza, 45 ra.
S. E. of Philipopoli.
Affleck's Canal, inlet in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 226° 19' E. Lat. 56° 7'N.
Affnoo, a caravan station between Fezzao and
Tombuctoo, 120 ra. N. E. of Tombuct^.
•0
A G A
A G M
Afghanistnn, a C(5nsidcrable kingdom, between
Persia and Hindostan, bounded E. by the Indus, .
N. by a range of lolty mountains, separating it
from Bulkh and Budukhshan, W. by Persia, Herat
being its frontier town, and S. by Baloochistan. It
lies between 29° and 36° N. lat. and 61° and 71°
E. Ion. comprehending the ancient kingdoms of
Zabulistan (Ghizne and Kandahar) and Kabulis-
tan. The inhabitants of this country are in gener-
al Mahometans of tlie Soony sect. They are a
generous, hospitable, and brave people, but illit-
erate, ferocious, and seditious. Their army is
principally composed of well mounted cavalry ;
they have also some artillery, and a few corps of
infantry armed with swords and matchloclcs. Ma-
ny of the districts are still inhabited by the abori-
ginal Hindoos. The towns are mostly inhabited
by Hindoos of the Punjab, st Mahometans of Per-
sian or Mogul descent ; but in Kabul there are
persons from all parts of the East. The population
is supposed not to exceed 3,000,000. The gov-
ernment is despotic ; but the Afghams being divi-
ded into clans, the authority of the sovereign is
not often exercised over them. Kandaliar icas the
capital, but it has been ti-ansferred to Kabul.
Africa, one of the four great quai-ters of the
world. It is the third in magnitude, and probably
in population, though it is less known, and has
fewer political relations with Europe, than either
Asia or America. It forms a peninsula, connected
witli Asia by the isthmus of Suez. It is bounded
on the N. by the Mediterranean, W. by the Atlan-
tic, E. by the Red sea and the Indian ocean. Its
greatest length from Cape Serra to Cape Aguilhas,
includes from about the 37th ° of N. to the 35th
of S. lat. and its greatest breadth from Cape Verd
to Cape Guardafui, about the IBth ° of W. to the
61st of E. Ion. It is 4320 m. long, and 4140 broad.
Africa is distinguished from the other quarters of
the world by its immense sand deserts. The Sa-
hara, or the great Desert, occupies a large pro-
portion of Africa, N. of the mountains of the Moon.
Very little is known about the interior of Africa.
Few travellers have penetrated that burning re-
gion. The population has been commonly estim-
ated at 150,000,000 ; Hassel estimates it at about
99,000,000, and the square miles at 11,652,412.
The principal rivers, are the Nile, Niger, Sene-
gal, Gambia, and Congo or Zaire. The principal
ranges of mountains are the Mountains of the
Moon and the Mount Atlas chain. The principal
exports are slaves and gold. The internal com-
merce is carried on almost entirely by caravans.
Africa is divided into 1. Northern Africa, or the
countries N. of the tropic of Cancer ; 2. Southern
Africa, or the countries south of the tropic of Cap-
ricorn ; 3. Eastern Africa, or the countries lying
on the east coast between the tropic of Cancer
and the tropic of Capricorn ; 4. Western Africa,
or the countries on the west coast between the
tropics ; 5. Central Africa, or the countries in the
interior between these four divisions.
Africa, seaport, 90 m. S. E. of Tunis.
Afsdasors, t. Sweden, in Dalecariia.
Aflan, r. Arabia, runs into the Persian gulf,
.>jm.S.E.ofEl-Catif.
Afva, isl. in the Baltic, between the island Aa-
iand and the coast of Finland.
Afveslad, t. Sweden, in Daiecarlia, on the
Dal-Elf, not far from Fahlun.
AfwUiwara, district of Lapland, in Tomea-Lapp-
raark.
Agadeep, t. in Bengal, 14 m. S. of Plasscy.
Agadeer, or Santa Cruz, the most southern port
in the empire of Morocco.
Agades, a large town in the interior of Africa,
between Fozzan and Cassina, the capital of a
kingdom called Asben.
Agajik, v. Pei-sia, prov. of Azerbijan.
Agakemal, t. Persia, prov. of Irak, 35 m. S. of
Cashan.
Agalicpour, r. Syria, flows into the Mediter-
ranean, 12 irt. S. S. W. of Scanderoon.
Agama, s-p. on the isl. of Cyprus, 25 m. N. Baffa.
Aganis, isl. on the E. coast of Ceylon.
Agapia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia.
Agara, t. Asiatic Turkey in the pachalic of
Sivas, 7 m. W. of Tocat.
Agaree, a caravan station in the desert of Sa-
hara, between Gadanus and Cassina.
Agaron, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 15 m. N. W.
Tiagar.
Agarum, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 6 m. E. S. E. of
Bangalore.
Agastoboli, or Agatoboli. See Athaboli.
Agalhenburg, t. in duchy of Bremen, Germany.
Agalhon, t. on N. coast of isl. of Cjnprus.
Agatfumisi, isl. 3 m. S. of the isle of Samos.
Agaton. See Gatton.
Agattoo, one of the Aleutian islands, 20 m. E. of
Attoo.
Agaicam, p-v. Hampden co. Mass. 2 m. S. W. of
Springfield.
Agawam, the name of Westfield r. towards its
mouth.
Agde, t. France, dep. of Herault, 8 leagues S.
W. of Montpelier. Pop.' 7,200.
Agea, t Persia, 100 m. E. of Ispahan
Ageda, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira.
Agen, t. Fi-ance, chief town in the dep. of Lot
and Garonne, 30 leagues S. E. of Bordeaux. Pop.
10,834.
Ager, t Spain, in Catalonia.
Agercile, t. Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
Agcrola, t. Naples in Principato Citra.
Aggerhuns, or Christiania, the most southerly
of the four bishoprics of Norway. Also, a royal
bailiwick on the west side of the gulf of Christiania,
three miles from the iown of that name,
Aggeroe, isl, in the gulf of Christiania.
Aggersu7id, isl. in the Cattegat.
Aggi, r. Persia, which flows into the Ara?.
Aggisu, t. Asiatic Turkey, gov. of Mosul.
Aghadoe, v. Ireland, 3 m. N. N. W. of Kil-
larney.
Agheh, t. on the coast of the Black Sea.
Aghisi. See Agveh.
Aghnish, Paint, on W. coast of Ireland, in Gal-
way CO. Lat. £3° 8' N.
Aghor, r. Periia, prov. of Mekran, runs into
the Indian ocean, near Cape Arubah.
Aghrim, v. Ireland, 28 m. E. of Galway.
Aghris, cape of Ireland, 11m. W. of Sligo.
Agia Laura, t, Eu, Turkey, 19 m, S. E. of
Saloniki.
Agimeer. See Ajmeer.
Agioi Saranta, t. in Candia, 16 m. S. of Settia.
Agioi Saranto, t. of Eu. Turkey, on the coast op-
posite the island of Corfu.
Agioloi Bassardseck, t. Eu. Turkey, 127 N.
E. of Adrian ople.
Aglnr. See Aquileia.
Aglie, t, Italy, in Piedmont, 7 m, S, W, o''
Ivrea,
Aglish, V. Ireland, Waterford co.
Agmet, t. Africa, 18 m. S. E. of 3Iorocco.
A G U
AgnadeUo, t, Italy, duchy of Milan, 12 m. N. of
Lodi.
Ag'nana, t. Spain, prov. of Biscay.
Agniadello. See AgnadeMo.
Agno, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W. of Lugano.
Agnoua, t. Italy, in Piedmont.
Agnoue, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra.
Agoas de Moura, t. Portugal, in Estremadura.
Agoas (Juentas, t. Portugal in Estremadura,
21 m.E. N. E.ofAbrantes.
Agomiso, isl. in Hudson's bay, N. N. E. from
Albany fort.
Agon, t. France, dep.of LaManche.
Agoona, district on Gold Coast of Africa.
Agosta, isl. in the Adriatic, off Dalmatia.
Agosta, t. on coast of Sicily, 18 m. N. of Syra-
cuse, Pop. 1.5,000.
Agot, isl. in the English channel, near the coast
ef France.
Agou, or Agoen, isl. Sweden. Lat. 61° 32' N.
Agows, a remarkable people of Abyssinia, inhab-
iting a territory to the east of the sources of the
Bahr-el-Azrek, or Abyssinian Nile. So late as
the 17th century, they were converted to Chris-
tianity. Their language is entirely diffierent from
the Abyssinian, and is said by Mr. Salt to bear a
resemblance to some of the English country dia-
lects.
Agra, province of Hind, bounded N. by Delhi, S.
by Malwaff, E. by Oude and AUaliabad, and W.
by Ajmeer.
Agra, city, cap. of the above province, and
seat of the British civil authority ; is on the river
Jumna, 800 m. N. W. Calcutta. It was formerly
the residence of the great Mogul, but is now in a
ruinous state. About the middle of the 16th cen-
tury the emperor Akbar built here a palace and
an extensive fort of red free stone, and changed its
name to Akbarabad. In 1803, it was captured
by the British army from the Mahrattas. In 1813,
under the direction of the Church Missionary
Society, the Rev. Dr. Corrie arrived here
with Abdool Messee, a native convert ; the jour-
nal of whose proceedings has excited so widely
a zealous concern for the success of Missions in
India. The Society possess a building, called the
Kuttra, where Abdool resides, and where worship
is held. In 18 months, about 50 persons witli
their children, embraced the Christian religion.
Some of them were Fakeers, or Rehgious Mendi-
cants ; 6 were Mahometans of the first respecta-
bility ; the rest were of the labouring classes of
the people. Schools are opened in the Kuttra
and in three other places, and ahout 100 Heathen
and Mahometan children attend them. The con-
verts are poor, but chiefly support themselves, the
men by weaving, and the women by spinning.
Agragansk, fortress of Asiatic Russia, on the
Caspian, 65 rn. N. of Derbend.
Agramont, t. Spain, in Catalonia.
Agrimonti, t. Naples, prov. of Basilicata.
Agropoli, t. Naples, 22 m. S. S. E. of Salerno.
Agua, Cape, Spain, on coast of Murcia.
Agua de Peixes, t. Portugal, 15 m. S. of Evora.
Agua, seaport on the Gold Coast of Africa.
Aguacugua, t. Guiana, on the Caroni.
Aguada, point, at the mouthof thegulfof Darien.
Agiutlulco, t. New Spain, 17 leagues W. of
Guadalaxara.
Aguas Calientes, city of New Spain, 140 leagues
N. N. W. of Mexico, and 35 of Guadalaxara.
Aguatulco, s-p. Guaxaca. on *th^ Pacific. Lat.
15° 44' N,
A I B
21
Agveh, t. in Natolia, on the Black sea ; 10 m,
E. ofErekli.
Agueira, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira, 21 m.
E, N. E. ofLamego.
Aguignan, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Aguilar, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. S. W. of
Estella.
Aguilar, t. Spain, 32 m. S. of Cordova.
Aguilar del Campo, t. Spain, 40 m. N. W. of
Burgos.
Aguirra, r. in Guiana, falls into the Orinoco,
at its mouth.
Agurande, t. France, dep. of the Indre.
Alianta, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
bounded on the west by Appollonia, on the east by
the Fantee territories. It is the richest district
upon this coast.
Ahdun, t. Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. Candahar,
Aher, t. Persia, 20 m. N. of Tabris.
Altkooly, t. Hind, in the Mysore.
Ahlden, t. Hanover, on the river Leine.
Allien, t. Wirtemberg, 40 m. N. W. of Augs-
burg.
Ahmedabad, capital of the province of Gujerat
in Hind, on the Sabermaty, which falls into the
gulf of Cambay. One of the best fortified cities in
Hindostan.
Ahmedpore, t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 m. S. of
Cuttack.
Ahpmoojeenee-Gamook, lake in Maine, N. of
Moosehead lake, discharges its waters by the
river St. John into the bay of Fundy.
Ahr, t. Persia, in Azei'bijan, 39 m. N. of Ar-
debil.
Ahrberg, t. in Germany, in the Bavarian circle
of the Rezat, 3m.S. W. of Ohrenban.
Ahrenfels, v. 17 m.N. N. W. of Coblentz.
Ahrensburg, v. Denmai'k, duchy of Holstein,
13 m. from Hamburg.
Ahrweiler, t. Germany, Lon. 70° 3' E. Lat.
50° 25' N.
Ahsa, t. Persia, in Kerman, 60 m. N. W. of
Kabis.
Ahsa. See Lachsa.
Ahtareen, t. Syria, 16 m. N. of Aleppo.
Ahter, t. of Agra, in Hind, on the Chumbul.
Ahuille, t France, dep. of the Mayenne.
Ahun, t. France, dep. of Creuse, 6 m. S. S.
E. of Christianstadt.
Ahuu-an, t. of Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. of Dame-
gan.
Ahwas, Ahuazi, or Ilavisa, t. of Persia, in K\iz-
istan, 40 m. N. of Bussorah.
Ahwas River. See Karasu.
At, in Sac. Geog. a city 9 m. N. E. of Jerusalem,
on the N. border of the tribe of Benjamin.
Aja, Cape, the south point of the Crimea.
Ajaccio, or Ajazzo, the capital of Corsica, and
the birth place of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Aia-Ka-La, fort Armenia, 60 m. W. of Erivan.
Ajan, the nanae of the eastern coast of Africa,
from Cape Guardafui to Magdasho.
Aiandum, i. in Natoha, 24 m. W. S. W. of Sinob.
Aias,t. Turkestan, 45 m. N. E. of Turkestan.
Aias, t. in Natolia, 25 m. W. of Angora.
Aias, s-p. Turkey, 20 m. N. of Scanderoon.
Lon. 36° 5' E. Lat. 36° 45' N.
Aiasaluck, v. Asia Minor, in Natolia, 39 m. S.
of Smyrna, 2 W of Ephesus.
Aiash, t. in Natolia, 32 m. W. of Angora.
Aiasmati, t. in Natolia, 12 m. W. of Bei^amo.
Aibecca, t. Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
AUfHng, t m Bararia, 22 rji. S. E. of Munich,
22
A J M
Aichaeh, t. Bavaria, 12 m. E. N. E. Augsburg.
Aichherg. See Egenburg.
jiichlberg, t. Carinthia, 12 m. W. S. W. of Vil-
lach.
Jlichstetlein, t. Bavaria. Pop. 1,380.
Aichstetlen, t. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500.
Aidab^ port on the Red sea, Lat. 22° 12' N.
Aidinshick, t. in Natolia, on the sea of Marmora.
Aidona, t. Sicily, 4 m. N. E. of Piazza.
Ajello, t. Naples, prov. of Abruzzo Ultra.
Aieta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Ajetlo, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Aigen, t. Austria, 105 m. W. of Vienna.
Aigeridiah, t. in Cyprus, 18 m. S. S. W. Fama-
gusta.
Aighton, t. Eng. Lancashire.
Aiglande, t. France, dep. La Manche.
Aigle, or Hals, t. Switz. 36 m. E. N. E. of Geneva.
Aiglc, promontory on the coast of France, be-
tween Marseilles and Toulon.
r Aigle, t. France, dep. of the Orne, 14 leagues
N. E. of Alen9on.
r Aigle, r. France, falls into the Loire.
Aignai, or Aigney-le-Duc, t. France, dep. of
Cote d'Or, 10 leagues N. W. Dijon.
Aignan, or Agnan, i. France, dep. of Gers.
Aigre, t. France, dep. of Chareute, 7 leagues
N. W. Angouleme.
Aigre-Fuille, t. France, dep. Lower Charente.
Aigremont, a strong castle of the Netherlands,
in the principality of Liege.
Aigucbelle, t. France, dep. of Drome.
Aiguebello, t. Savoy, 6 leagues E. of Chamberry.
Aiguelles, t, France, dep. of the Upper Alps.
Jligu-Perse, t. France, dep. of Puy de Dome.
Aigues, r. France, falls into the Rhone near Or-
ange.
Aiguts-Mortes, t. I'rance, dep. of the Gard, 7
leagues S. S. W. of Nismes.
Aigues-Vives, t. France, 12 m. S. W. of Nismes.
Aigues-Vives, t. France, dep. of Indre and
Loire.
Aiguillon, t. France, at the conflux of the Lot
and Garonne.
Aiguines, t. France, dep. of Var, 16 m. N. E. of
Barjois.
Aijalon, in Sac. Geog. t. assigned to the Levites
i« the tribe of Dan, between Timnah and Beth-
shemeth ; also, t. in the tribe of Zebulon.
Aijaltan, t. Syria, 35 m. S. of Tripoli.
Ajighur, t. Hind. 25 m. E. of Chatterpore.
Ajilmul, t. of Agra, in Hind. 25 m. W. Cawn-
pore.
AiJces, t Transylvania, 18 m. N. E. Clausen-
burg.
Aikmane, r. Palestine, runs into the Mediterra-
nean 9 m. N. of Acre.
Aiko, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia.
Allah, t. Arabia Petraea, called Elaeh, in Scrip-
ture, 108 m. E. of Su£jz.
Ailingen, v. Wirtemberg, near lake Constance.
Aillas. t. France, dep. of Gironde, 6 m. N. E.
of Bazas.
Ailweslon, i. England, Huntington co.
Aimaraez, prov. Peru, W. of Cotabamba.
Aimargucs, t. France, 3i leagues from Nismes.
Ajmccr, or Rajpootana, an extensive province
in tiie centre of Hindostan, bounded N. by Delhi
and Moultan, S. by Malwa and Gujerat, E. by
Delhi and Agra, and VV. by Sinde.
Ajmeer, city, cap. of the above. Lon. 74° 48'
Lat. 26° 35' N. Near it is a remarkable place of
Hindoo superstition, called Phokur, or Poo'shkur,
A I S
it being a common saying, that all the pilgrima-
ges of the world are of no avail, without bathing
in the waters of Phokur. In 1819, a Baptist mis-
sionary was sent here to establish schools cis a
means of introducing the Gospel.
Aimoutie.r, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne, 5
leagues S. E. St. Leonard.
Ain, a department of France, bordering on Sa-
voy and Switzerland. Pop. 322,608.
Ainabachti, See Lepanto.
Ainade, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut.
Ain-asel, Ain-bartha, Ain-beseeze, Ain-dilla,
Ain-el-graab, Ain-gitrain, Ain on Heide, Ain-
mylsa, Ain-el-irab, Ain-lhyllah; villages in the
south of Algiers, near the Sahara.
Ain-charin, v. Palestine, 5 m. fr. Jerusalem.
Aincreville, t. France, dep. of Meuse, 3 m. S.
W. Dun.
Ain-dain, r. France, falls into the Rhone, above
Lyons.
Ain-gebel, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40
m. S. W. of Mosul.
Ain-haroof, t. Syria, 150 m. S. S. E. of Aleppo.
Ain-musa, or el Aayon-moussa, the wells of Mo-
ses, Arabia, 10 m. fr. Suez.
Ainduren, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,100.
Aine-boli, t. Natolia, on the Black sea.
Aine-ghul, t. Natolia, 13 m. S. of AUasheer.
Aineh-ghul, t. Natolia, 30 m. S. S. E. of Bursa,
Ainhour, t. Syria, 8 m. S. Balbec.
Ainimoaso, t. Wallachia, N. W. of Tergovitz.
Ainod, castle and lordship on the river Gurk in
Carniola, 5 m. N. W. Rudolfswerth.
Ainos, or Ainus, aborigines of JesEO and
Saghalien, commonly called Wild Kuriles. For-
merly they were an independent nation, waging
wars with the Japanese, even so lately as the 17th
century; but have been subdued by that nation.
Ainsa, t. Spain, in Arragon, 18 m. N. Balbas-
tro.
Ainsworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Aintab, t. Syria, 40 m. N. of Aleppo, 130 S. W
Diarbekir.
Aintree, t. England, 6 m. from Liverpool.
AJo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Ajoam, t. Persia, prov. of Fars.
AJos, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia.
Ajos, V. Paraguay, 24 leagues E. Assumption.
Aios Constantinos, t. Candia, 32 m. S. E. Canea
Aiotitlan, v. Mexico, in Guadalcixara, on the
Pacific.
Aiou, a group of Islands. Lon. 131° 10' E.
Lat. 0° 24' N.
Air. See Ayr.
Air, t. Bedford co. Pa. S. W. Harrisburg. Pop.
1,179.
Airagues, t. France, dep. of the mouths of the
Rhone, 13^ leagues N. W. of Aix.
Airano, t. Italy, 10 m. S. E. of Como.
Airdrie, t. Scotland, 12 m. E. of Glasgow.
Aire, t. France, dep. of the Landes, 9 leagues
N. N. E. of Pau, and 22 S. S. E. of Bordeaux.
Air, or Arien, t. France, dep. of Pas de Calais,
13 m. fr. St. Omer.
Airolo, Airola, Ertels, or Orient, v. Switz. can-
to n of Ticino, 21 m. S. Altorff.
Airon, r. France, which runs into the Loire.
Airlh, t. Scotland, 8 m. fr. Stirling.
Airvaux, or Airvault, t. France, dep. of Deux
Sevres, 14 leagues N. E. of Niort. Pop, 2,070.
Aisa, t, Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. N, Jaca.
Aisch, V. Bavaria, 12 m. S. Bamberg.
Aise, r. France, joins the Orae, above Caen.
A I X
^i^ise. See Asse.
Aiseau, a marquisate and village in the Neth-
*?rlands, 3 m. E. S. E. of Chatelet
Ajsedabad, t. Persia, in the province of Irak, 65
m. N. N. E. of Hamadan.
Aiska, t. Japan, in isl. of Niphon, 40 m. S. E. of
Jetsen.
Aislingen, t. Bavaria, 4 m. S. of Dillingen.
Aismunderli/, t. England, in Yorkshire, near
Rippon. Pop. 521.
Aisne, a dep. of France, consisting of portions of
the Isle de France, Champagne, and Picardy.
Pop. 432,237. Chief trade in grain.
Aisne, or Aine, r. France, which, after a course
of 40 leagues, Unites with the Oise, near Com-
peigne.
Aistersheim, t. in Upper Austria, near Hag.
Aiterhofen, market t, Bavaria, circle of the
Regen, district Straubing, with 100 houses.
Ailraeh, v. in the lordship of Suabia, onthelUer,
7 miles S. W. of Memmingen. Pop. 610.
Aiuda. There are two villages of this name in
Brazil, one in Pernambuco, on the sea-coast, at the
mouth of St. Miguel r. the other in Puento Leguns.
Ajukzernuck, t. ol Great Bukharia, 6 miles N.
W. Cogend.
Aix, a small isl. France, near Rochefort. Lat.
46° 5' N.
Aix, city of France, formerly capital of Prov-
ence, now in the dep. of the mouths of the Rhone.
It is on a plain, N. of the Arc ; 16 leagues S. E. of
Avignon, 7 N. of Marseilles, and 163 S. by E. of
Paris. Pop. 26,900. It is one of the oldest towns in
France ; built 120 years before the Christian era,
and received the name of AqucE Sextcp, from its fa-
mous springs. The chapel ofNotre Dame del'Espe-
rance is much frequented by the pious Catholics.
Aix, t. in Savoy, 12 m. N. of Chamberry, cele-
brated for its warm baths. Pop. 1,600. Lon. 5°
48' E. Lat. 45° 40' N.
Aixe, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne. Pop.
2,160. 4 m. from Limoges.
Aix-en-Othe, t. France, dep. of the Aube. Pop.
1,570. 4 leagues W. S. W. Troyes.
Aix-la-Chapelle, t. in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, between Juliers and Lim-
burg. The French give it the name of Aix-
la-Chapelle, from the circumstance of Char-
lemagne's having built here a chapel appro-
priated to a convent of nuns, and frequently re-
sorted to for his own devotions. It is divided into
the inner and outer town. In 1807, it had 3,080
houses, 27,164 inhabitants. It was long the fa-
vourite residence of Charlemagne, and for some
time the capital of his empire ; hence it was long
customary to hold here the coronation of the em-
perors of Germ;iny. Its baths, seven in number,
issue from five springs, and are much celebrated.
They are much resorted to in time of peace. This
city held the second rank among the imperial
towns of Westphalia. Two celebrated treaties of
peace have here been concluded; one in 1668
between France and Spain, the other in 1748 be-
tween the different powers engaged in the war of
the Austrian succession. It was entered by the
French troope in 1794, and remained in the hands
of France till the fall of Bonaparte, a period of
20 years, during which it was the capital of the
dep. of the Roer, and the head of an arrondisse-
ment. It now belongs to Prussia. 25 m. N. E.
Liege, 36 S.W. of Cologne. Lon.5°54'E. Lat.
" 52' N.
A K K
33
II
Aizenay, t. France, dep. of Vendee, 15 leagues
N. W. Fontenoy. Pop. 3,500.
Aizey-lc-Duc, t. and barony of France, dep. ol"
Cote d'Or, 9 leagues N. W. of Dijon.
Akai, t. Japan, isl. of Niphon, 60 m. S. W. of
IVfeaco.
Akahike. See Akiska.
Akamapet, t. Hindostan, in the Carnatic, 25 m,
S. E. Calastri.
Akanimina, t. on the Ivory Coast of Guinea,
near cape ApoUonia, |ths of a league from the
shoi'e. The anchorage is good ; and gold dust and
ivory are procured here.
Akara, t. of the Arabian Irak, a pachalic of
Bagdad, 10 m. S. E. Sura.
Akasaka, t. of Japan, on the S. coast of the isL
of Niphon, The houses, according to Kaempfer^
are larger than those even of Jeddo the capital. It
also contains some elegant inns. 100 m. E. Meaco,
140 W. S. W. Jeddo.
Akasi, t. Japan, on the S. coast of the isl. of
Niphon, intersected by a broad and deep riven
Here the governor resides.
Akast, t. Arabia, 70 m. E. of Jerusalem.
Akato, t. Japan, isl. of Niphon, 36 m. W. of
Meaco.
Akbar-abad. See Agra.
Akbar-nagur. See Rajemal.
Akbeik-baba, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia,
20 m. N.W.ofEskishehr.
Akdasch, t. of Persia, prov. of Schirvan, on the
banks of Kur. it has 300 houses, 30 m. S. W. of
Schamaghi.
Akebur, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Tigris,
30 m. N.W.Bagdad.
Akelo, t. in Romania, on the Black sea.
Akermann, fort, Russia, in Bessarabia, on
the Black sea, at the mouth of the Dneister.
68 m. S. W. of Oczakow, 65 S. E. of Bender.
Lon. 31° 14' E. Lat. 46° 8' N.
Akersloot, v. in Holland. Pop. 840. 5 m,
S. of Alkmaer.
Akcrs-Skepslag, a maritime district of Sweden,
in Upland.
Akhisar, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the site of the
ancient Thyatira, 40 m. S. E. of Pergamo. Lon,
27° 49' E. Lat. 38° 15' N.
Aki, t. Japan, in the W. of the isl. of Niphon.
Akili, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on the
Black sea, 25 m. E. N. E. of Constantinople.
Akiska, Aghahighe, or Ghahig, province, A.
Turkey, in Armenia, on the S. W. confines of
Georgia. It is a fertile and populous country, and its
mountains contain the richest minerals. The
town is open, and without fortifications, but has a
strong and lofty castle. Its inhabitants al'c of various
nations, Armenians, Turks, Jews, and Christians,
and carry on an active trade with Battum, a port
on the Black sea, 100 miles distant. I3esides
mosques it contains two churches for the Chris-
tians ; and the Jews have a synagogue. 90 m. N.
N. W, of Erivan, 100 S. W. of Teffis.
Akka, a station of Lower Suse, S. of Morocco,
bordering on the desert of Sahara. It is the ren-
dezvous of the caravans from all parts of Moroc-
co, whence they proceed across the desert to Tom-
buctoo. Pop. 10,000, including the vicinity.
Akkably, a station in the district of Tuat, on the
caravan route between Gadamis and Tombuctoo,
Akhas, t. of Russia, in Finland. Lon. 23° 39'
E. Lat. 61° 11' N.
Akker, t. of Syria, pachalic of Tripoli, on Mount
24
ALA
ALA
Bargylus, supposed to be the Ker mentioned in
scripture. 30 m. E. of Tripoli, 66 N. W. of Da-
mascus.
JJkkia, isl, in the North sea near the west coast
of E. Greenland. Lon. 46° W. Lat. 60° 38' N.
Akleh, t. of Syria, on the confines of the desert,
30 m. S. E. of Aleppo.
Jllcmetschet, or Akmedsgjid, t. in the plain of the
Crimea, in Russian Taurida, on the galf of Ne-
gropila, with a road for vessels.
Mini, one of the Aleutian islands.
Jiko, t. of Japan, on the coast of Niphon isl.
Akschinsk, v. Russian Tartary, inDauria, near
the Amur, on the bank of the Onon. The fortress
was built in 1756, and is one of a chain of posts on
this part of the Russian fiontier. Long. 132° E.
Lat. 50° N.
Akserai, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, has
150 houses, 60 m. N. E of Konieh.
Akshehr, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on the
eastern base of the mountain Akshehr, from which
streams descend which form a rivulet in almost
every street. From this town are exported to
Smyrna fine carpets, wool, wax, gum, tragacanth,
and galls. The numerous gardens in the neigh-
bourhood contain all the fruits and legumes of
Europe, besides many peculiar to the climate.
60 m. S. S. E. Karaliissar.
Aksheshehr, t. AsiaticTurkey, in Natolia, on the
Black sea; 90 m. E. of Constantinople, Lon. 31°
10' E. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Aksicat, t. of Turkestan. Lon. 66° 30' E. Lat.
42°12'N.
Aksor, V. of Egypt, on part of the site of an-
cient Thebes.
Msuma, t. Turkestan, 60 m. N. E. Taraz.
Mtala, t. Georgia, 70 m. S. Tefflis.
Aktuba, r. of Asiatic Russia, issuing from the
Volga, and rejoining it before falling into the Cas-
pian sea. From the abundance of mulberry trees
on its banks, the Russians established colonies
here to make silk.
Akunpore, t. Hindostan, 15 m. E. S, E. Fyza-
bad.
Akurla, t. Persian Armenia, 27 m. S. S. E. Eri-
van.
Muian, one of the Aleutian islands.
Ala, market t. on the Adige, principality of
Trent, belonging to Austria. Pop. 4,000.
Alabama, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ten-
nessee; E. by Georgia; S. by Florida, and the
Gulf of Mexico ; W. by Mississippi. A large
portion of the state still belongs to the Indians.
Sq. miles, 44,000. Pop. in ] 810 less than 10,000 ;
in 1816, 29,683 ; in 1818, 70,495. Cahawba is
the seat of government. The land on the coast is
low and level ; as you proceed into the interior it
becomes hilly, and in the north it is in some places
mountainous. The soil is generally fertile, par-
ticularly on the banks of the rivers. The lands
between the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, are
among the best in the state. Cotton is the staple
production, and the great article of export. —
Blakely and Mobile are the principal ports. The
Creek Indians occupy the S. E. part of the state ;
the Cherokees, the N. E. the Choctaws, the S. W,
and the Chickasaws, the N. W.
Alabama, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on Alaba-
ma river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson.
Alabama, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed
by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and
flowing S. S. W. unites with the Tombigbee to
form Mobile river 45 miles from the head of Mo-
bile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the
Cahawba, 210 miles, it has 4 or 5 feet water ; and
from the mouth of the Cahawba to the forks of the
Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest
places. - Jl
Alabaster, or Eleuthera, one of the Bahama isl- H
ands, on the great Bahama bank. The climate is i
healthy. It produces pine-apples for exportation.
There is a small fort and garrison on tlie island.
Lon. 76° 22' to 76° 56' W. Lat. 24° 40' to 26°
30' N.
Alach, a bailiwick, Germany, in Erfurt, has 13
villages, 9 of which are Lutheran.
Alachua Savannah, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. St.
Augustine, 50 miles in circumference, without a
tree or bush, but is encircled with hills, covered
with forests, and orange groves, on a very rich soil.
The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the
borders of this savannah ; but the Indians remov-
ed to Cuscowilla, two miles distant, on account of
the unhealthiness of the former site.
Alacranes, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals,
and banks, S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opposite
the coast of Yucatan, east from Stone Bank, and
west from Cape St. Antonio. N. Lat. 23°, bet.
89° and 91° W. Long. Navigators pass round
them, though there are some good channels and
soundings.
Aladjiam, t. in Natolia, on the Black sea. Lat.
41° 40' N.
Aladine Islands, in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Siam, extending from 9° 5' to 9° 40' N.
Lat.
Aladulia, prov. of Asiatic Turkey, N. of Syria
and the Mediterranean, and E. of Caramania;
principal towns, Adana, Marasch, and Malatia.
Alaflaro, t. of Russia, in Finland, 34 m. N. N.
E. of Abo.
Alagao, t. on the S. coast of St. Michael's, the
largest of the Azores, 8 m. E. of Delgada.
Alajarvi, t. Russia, in Finland, circle of Wasa,
from which town it is distant 60 m. to the E.
Lon. 2.3° 41' E. Lat. 62° 39' N.
Alaid, a lofty peak, in the sea of Okhotsk, which ^
first began to emit smoke in 1790, and blazed vio-
lently in 1793 ; 20 m. N. W. of Cape Lopatka.
Alairac, t. of France, in dep. of the Aude ; has
80 houses.
Alais, Alets, or Ales, a populous t. in France, dep.
of the Gard, 13i leagues N. Montpelier ; trades in
grain, olives, oil, wine, silk, and in the manufac-
tures of its territory. Pop. 80,000. Lon. 4° E.
Lat. 44° 8' N.
Alaku, t. Persia, in the prov. of Azerbijan, 50
m. N. W. of Tabris.
Alam, t. France, dep. of Upper Garonne ; hous-
es about 100 ; 7 leagues N. E. St. Bertrand.
Alamagan, or Conception Islajid, one of the
Ladrones, 18 m. in circuit. Lat. 18° 10' N.
Alamos real de los, v. of Mexico, in Cinaloa, S.
E. of the Sierra Madre, surrounded by rich silver
mines.
Alan, Point, or Cape, W. coast of N. America,
gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 54' E. Lat. 48° 2' N.
Alanche, t. of France, dep. of the Cantal. Pop.
2,500. 4 leagues W. S. W. of Mercosur.
Aland, isl. in the Baltic, near the point of meet-
ing of the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, between
the coasts of Finland and Upland in Sweden, is 40
m. long, 30 broad; has 8 par-ishes, and 11,260 in-
habitants ; and was ceded to Russia, 1809. Lon,
20° E. Lat. 60° 18' N.
Alangi, city, province of Veraguay.
ALB
Alanieh, t. of Asiatic Turkey, on the site of tlie
Sncient Coracesium, in Cilicia. In this poi'1 pi-
rates were shut up by Pompey and compelled to
iurrender ; 110 m. S. S. W. of Konieh, Lon. 21°
29' E. Lat. 36°34'N.
Mapacw, t. Asiatic Russia, the capital of the
^v. of Perm. Pop. 1,000. 80 m. N. N. E.
Ekaterinbur-. Lon. 61° 14' E. Lat. 56° N,
Alara, t. isl. of Majorca, 9 m. N. N. E. Palma.
Pop. 2,400.
Alarcow, t. Spain, New Castile, on a rock, 42
leagues S. B. Madrid, has 200 houses.
Aim, t. W. coast o{ Sumatra. Lon. 102° 35'
E. Lat. 4° 15' N.
Alasey Mountains.) a ridge in Asiatic Russia,
which divides the sources of Omecon and Kovima
rivers, and terminates on the Frozen ocean.
Alassac, or Alassoc, t. France, dep. of the Cor-
reze, 12 m. W. Tulle. Pop, 3,160.
Alass Strait, between the islands of Lomboc
and Sumbawa in the Eastern sea.
Alata, V. of Mahometans, on the Abyssinian
Nile, near its source. Near it is the third cataract
on the river, which is of extraordinary gi'andeur.
35 m. S. S. W. Gondar.
Alatamaha, r. Georgia ; formed by the union of
the Oconee and Oakmulgee. It runs S. E. and
empties into the Atlantic by several mouths, be-
tween Sapelo and St. Simond's islands, 60 miles
S. W. of Savannah. It is navigable for vessels of
30 tons, as far as Milledgevillc on the Oconee
branch, 300 miles from the ocean. The bar at
the mouth has 14 feet at low water.
Alatri, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, on
H hill, 40 m. E. S. E. Rome. Lon. 13° 14' E. Lat.
41° 43' N.
Alatyr, t. Asiatic Russia, government of Sin-
birsk, at the confluence of the Alatyr with the
Sura; 102 m. from Sinbirsk. Lon. 46° 14' E.
Lat. 54° 45' N.
Alata, one of the three subdivisions of Biscay.
Alava, the S. point of the isl. Revilla Gigedo, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 228° 59' E. Lat. 35°
6'N.
Alavieska, t Sweden, in E. Bothnia, 30 m. S.
Brahestad. Lon. 24° 13' E. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Alaro, t. Russia, in Finland, 60 m. S. E. Wa-
sa. Lon. 23° 26' E. Lat. 62° 35' N.
Alauch, t. France, dep. of mouths of the Rhone,
5 m. N. E. Marseilles.
Alausi, province of Quito, S. America, moun-
taunous, but pleasant and fertile.
Alausi, ca)). of the above province. It manu-
factures cloths, baizes, and cotton garments. Lon.
78°39'W. Lat. 2° 12' N.
Alausi, r. of Quito, S. America, flows down the
W. side of the Cordilleras, into the bay of Quay,
aquil.
Alai/or, chief t. in a district of the isl. Minorca,
i3 m. from Mahon,
Alazeia, or Alazey, r. Siberia, runs into the
Frozen ocean. Lon. 142° 14' E, Lat. 72° 40' N.
Alasieskoi, settlement, Siberia, on Alasey river,
50 m. W. N. W. Nischney Kovinskoi. Lon. 144° 14'
E. Lat. 69° 40' N. About 66 miles distant, the
river, in washing away the banks, exposed the
remains of a mammoth.
Alb, r. Germany, falls into the Rhine, 5 m. W.
N. W. Durlach,
Alb, r. Suabia, empties into the Rhine at Muhl-
berg.
Alba, t, Italy, in Piedmont, on Tsparo r. Pop.
ALB
25
9,650. 18 m. S. E. Turin. Lon. 1^ 50' E. Lat.
44° 40' N.
Alba, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 17 ni. S. A.
quila.
Albacete, or Cetide, trading t. Spain, in a plain,
in Murcia. Pop. 7 or 8,000. The value of the
saffron yearly is between 6 and 7,000/. Here
corn and oil are raised ; and a cattle market is
held. 80 m. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 2° 2' W.
Lat. 38° 51' N.
Albacina, t. Italy, in the Marca d'Arcona, 10
m. W. N. W. Talentino.
Alback, t. Kurdistan, 50 m. S. S. E. Van, 110 S.
W. Tabriz.
Albaladejo, t. Spain, province of Cuenca, 18 ni.
S. Cuenca.
Albalale, co. Spain, in Valencia.
Alban, t. France, dep. of the Tarn, 16 m. E.
Alby.
Albanasir. See Albarrasin.
Albania, a large province, in European
Turkey, on the E. side of the Adriatic and the
Ionian sea. It comprehends ancient Illyria and
Epirus. It is 135 miles long, and 70 to 90 in
breadth. It yields wine, oil, and corn, and the
mountains are covered with forests. Opposite the
coast are the Ionian Isles.
Alhanilicorio, t. isl. Samos, 9 m. W. Cora.
Albano, t. Italy, in Lombardy, on Seris r. 5 m.
E. Bergamo.
Albano, t. Naples, in Otranto, 4 m. W. N. W.
Ostuni.
Albano, t. Italy, Campagnadi Roma, resorted to
on pleasure excursions by the inliabitants of
Rome, in spring and harvest. The country i?
appropriate to the culture of the vine. Here, is
an aqueduct of the Romans to carry off" the wa-
ter of the Lake. In this neighbourhood was the
combat between the Horatii and Curiatii. 14 m,
S. S. E. Rome.
Albanopolis, or Albanopoli, t. of Turkey, on Dri-
no r. in Albania, 43 m. E. Alesio.
Albany, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. N. W^. Paris.
Pop. 165.
Albany, p-t. Orleafts co. Vt. 40 m. N. N. E.
Montpelier.
Albany, co. N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 34,661.
Chief t. Albany.
Albany, city, Albany co. N. Y. on W. bank of
the Hudson, 160 m. N. of New- York ; 30 N. of
Hudson; 170 W. of Boston, and 230 S. of Mon-
treal. Pop. 9,356. It is the seat of government,
and in population, wealth, and commerce, the
second city in the state. It is finely situated for
commerce, at the head of sloop navigation on the
Hudson, and the canals now in progress will soon
connect it with Lake Champlain and Lake Erie.
The city is supplied with excellent water from a
spring 5 miles distant, by an aqueduct which con-
veys it to every house. Among the public build-
ings are a stone state house, and an elegant acade-
my of red free stone, ^ jail, 4 banks, and 11 houses
for public worship. A large portion of the inliabi-
tants are of Dutch origin.
Albany, t. Berlts co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. Pop.
995.
Albany, r. North America, which falls into
James' bay, lon. 84° 30' W. lat. 51° 30' N. runs
N. E. through a chain of small lakes, from the S.
end of Winnipeg lake. The British fort is on the
river, in lon. 87° 20' W. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Albarojda, t. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S, F.
Verona,
26
ALB
ALB
Albaretlo, t. Italy, in Piedmont, subject to the
king of Sardinia.
Albaricoques, Point of the, on the N. coast of
tlie isl. St. Domingo, between the Trau d'Enfers
and Cape Bourbon.
Albaroux, t. France, dep. of the Vaucluse. Pop.
800.
Aibarrasin^ t. Spain, province of Arragon, on
the Guadalaviar, environed by hills, and on the
frontiers of Valencia and of New Castile. Pop.
1,800. It has some iron works; fine Arragon
wool is produced in its environs. 5 leagues W.
Teruel, 100 E. Madrid. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat.
40°34'N.
Albarregas, r. S. America, New Granada, de-
scends from the mountains of Bogota, and runs into
the lake Maracaibo.
, Albas, t, France, dep. of the Lot, 9 m. W. Ca-
hors.
Albasano, t. European Turkey, in Albania, 45
m. E. S. E. Durazzo, 130 S. W. Sophia. Lon. 20°
15'E. Lat 41° 30' N.
A'bafross, Pomf, New Zealand. Lon. 184° 42'
W. Lat. 38° 4' S.
Albatross, Isl. on the N. of Van Diemen's land.
Lon, 144° 41' E. Lat. 40° 25' S.
Albaxen, v. Germany, in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 3 m. N. Corvey.
Albay, t. on the E. side of the isle of Lucon.
Lon. 123° 50' E. Lat. 13° 17' N.
Albay, a volcanic mountain in the isl. Lucon,
subject to frequent eruptions ; one in 1814, laid
waste the province, and destroyed thousands of
the inhabitants.
Albayda, or Alvelda, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 6
m. from Lograno
Albazin, or Jacsa, fort on the N. side of Amur
r. now demolished. Lat. 53° N.
Albe, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m. S. A-
quila.
Albe, r. France, runs into the Sarre, at Sarre-
alb, dep. of the Moselle.
Albe, r. Hanover, principality of Luneburg,
falls into tlie AUer, near Rethem.
Albccuj t. Spain, in (Catalonia, 6 m. S. S. W.
Lerida.
Albeck, t kingdom of Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. E.
Ulm.
Albegna, r. Middle Italy, runs into lake Orbi-
tello, by a canal.
Albekirk, t. Holland, 4 m. S. W. Medemblick.
Albell, r. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
Joins a branch of the Rhine near Furstenau.
Albemarle, t. France, in Upper Normandy, now
commonly called Auynale.
Albemarle, co. Va. near the centre of the state.
Chief t. Charlottesville. Fop. 18,268.
Albemarle Sound, on the coast of N. Carolina, in
the N. E. part of the state, is 60 miles long from
E. to W. and from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the
Chowan, Roanoke, and several smaller rivers. It
communicates with Pamlico bound and the Ocean
by several narrow inlete, and with Chesapeake
bay by a canal cut through Dismal Swamp.
Alben, market t. Carniola, in the circle of Adels-
burg, 2 m. N. W. Czirknitz, on a mountain.
Albcnga, or Albengua, i. on the coast of Genoa,
30 m. S\ W. Genoa.
Albenque, t. France, dep. of the Lot, the head
of a canton, 8 leagues N. N. E. Montauban. Pop.
3,920.
Albenreuth, Old and Jfexc, villages, in Bavaria.
Here are mines of cobalt and iron works.
Alberche, r. Spain, province of Toledo, falls into
the Tagus a little above Talavera de la Reyne.
On its banks a battle was fought by lord Welling-
ton in 1809.
Alberone, t. Naples, province of Capitauata^ 8
m. S. S. E. Volturara. *♦
Alberri, inlet of N. Pacific ocean, on the S. W.
coast of Quadra and Vancouver islands. Lon. 235*^
25' E. Lat. 49° N.
Alberschwende, or Alberschwerde, v. Austrian
empire, Bregentz co. Pop. 1,000.
'Alberstroff, t. France, in Lorrainfe, 95 leagues
E. S. E. ofMetz.
Albertshausen, v. Bavaria, principality of
Wurtzburg, 6 m. fr. Wurtzburg.
Alberishofen, v. Bavaria, principality of Wurtz-
burg, on the Maine, 2 m. fr. Kitzingen.
Albessti, market t. Walachia, 10 m. N. E. Bu-
charest,
Albi, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 6 m. W.
Celano.
Albi, or Alvie, t. Savoy, district of Genevois, 7
leagues N. Chamberry.
Albiani, s-p. Guinea, on the Ivory coast
Albiania Cape, on the N. W. extremity of the
isl. of Cyprus. Lon. 32° 18' E. Lat. 35° 10'
N.
Albias, V. France, 2h leagues N. N. E. of Mon-
tauban.
Albin, or Aubin, t. France, dep. of the Avey-
ron. Pop. 3,150. 8 leagues N. W. Rhodez.
Albino, V. Italy, in tlie Lombardo- Venetian
kingdom, district of Bergamasco.
Albion, a name given to Great Britain.
Albirshausen, or Albershansen,, v. Wirtemburg,
baliwick of Goppingen. Pop. 740.
Albis, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W, Zurich.
Albisheim, v. Germany, duchy of Nassau. Pop.
C50.
Albisola, v. Italy, 5 m. N. W, of Savona.
Alblasserdamm, v. S. Holland, at the entrance of
Alblass r. into the sea. Pop. 21,00.
Albli7igen, V. Switzerland, canton of Fribourg,
at the conflux of the Schwarzwassenandthe Sense.
Albona or Alrona, t. Austrian empire, in Istria,
in the gulf of Carnero, on a rising ground near
the mouth of Arsa r. 16 m. E. Rovigno.
Albonnal, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. E. N. E.
Motril.
Albor, t. on the coast of Portugal, in Algarve,
3 m. E. Lagos.
Albor, isl. N. Atlantic ocean, one of the Baha-
mas, between Neque and St. Salvador.
Alboran, isl. in the Mediterranean, bet. Capode
Gata in Spain, and Capode Tres Forcas in Africa.
Alboran, isl. N. Africa, near Melilla, on the
coast of Fez. Lon. 2° 32' W. Lat. 36° N,
Albourn, t, and parish, Eng. Wiltshire, on a riv-
er running into the Kennet. Pop. 1,260. 7 m. fr.
Marlborough, 73 fr. London.
Albouzeme,, s-p. Morocco, near its E. frontiers.
Lon. 2° 54' E. Lat. 35° 10' N.
Albraham, t. En?. Chester co. near the canal,
14 m. fr. Chester. 'Pop. 333.
Albrechtaw, t. Prussia, prov.of Oberland, 20 m.
E. Marienwerder.
Albrechis, Alberts, or Andemcrs, v. Henneberg
CO. Pop. 740. 2 m. N. Suhlara.
Albreda, v. W. Africa on the Gambia, kingdom
of Barra, where the French have a factory. Pop.
7,000.
Albert or Lebret, t. France, dep. of the Landes,
Pop. 1,000.
A L C
A L C
Albrighton, hamlet, Eng. Salop co. 4 m. ir.
Shrewsbury.
Albrights, p-t. Orange co. N. C.
Albesee, lake near the castle of Hohen-Schwan-
gau, Bavaria, on the confines of the Tyrol.
Albufeira, t. Portugal, prov. Algarve, on the S.
coast, bet. Faro and Lagos. Pop. l,90Ci, 12 m.
E. Villa-Nova de Portimao.
Albufera, a salt-water lalce S. of Valencia, in
Spain, the overflowings of the sea. It supplies Va-
lencia with fish.
Albuglet, V. Egypt, on the W. branch of the
Nile, 10 m. S. Damietta.
Albuhat, t. Egypt, near lake Menzaleh, 56 m.
S. E. Damietta.
Albula, or Albach, r. Switzerland, canton of the
Orisons, falls into the Rhine near Tussis.
Albumu:las, t. Spain, in Granada, 12 m. E.
Alhama.
Albuola, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 8 m. S. Polenza.
Albuquerque, t. castle, and domain, in Spanish
Estremadura, on the frontiers of Portugal, bet.
Elvas and Alcantara. Pop. 5,500. 20 m. N. Ba-
Albuquerque, t. New Mexico, on the Rio del
Norte. Pop. 6,000.
Albuquerque, Santa Rosa de, v. Mexico, where
the duties on the silver mines of the district of Co-
lotlan are paid.
Alburg, p-t. and port of entry. Grand Isle co.
Vt. 40 m. N. BurUngton. Pop. 1,106.
Alby, or AM, t. France, dep. of the Tarn. Pop.
9,860 ; on the left bank of Tarn r. 12 leagues S.
W. Rhodez, and 15 N, E. Toulouse. On the side
next Montauban is the village Chateauvieux, one
of the suburbs. The promenade, La Lice, is very
beautiful. The archiepiscopal palace on the
banks of the Tarn, affords an extensive prospect.
The organ of the cathedral is one of the finest in
France. The manufactures are linen and wool-
Jen stuffs, baize, and serge. Lon. 2° 13' E. Lat.
43° 55' N.
Alby, V. Eng. York co. the Roman Derventcs ;
10 m, N. E. York.
Alcacar de Guete, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20
m. fr. Cuenca.
Alcacar de San Juan, t. Spain, in New Castile,
43 m. S. E. Toledo.
A/cacer-do-Sal, L Portuguese Estremadura, on
Caldao r. 38 m. S. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8° 22' W.
Lat. 38° 22' N.
Alcacovas (As) t. Portugal, in Alenteio, 14 m. S.
W. Evora.
Alcala de Gisvert, or Xibert, t. Spain, in Valen-
cia, 15 leagues fr. Murviedro. Pop. 3,600.
Alcala de Guadayra, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 12
ai. N, E. Seville.
Alcala de Henares, t. Spain, in Toledo, 15 m. E.
of Madrid. Pop. 5,000. It contains 3 parish
churches, 28 cloisters for both sexes, 4 hospitals,
and a university of 24 colleges, founded by cardi-
nal Ximenes, in 1499. After Salamanca, it was
the seminar)' in greatest repute in Spain. That
splendid edition of the Bible, The Biblia Complu-
tensia, so called, from Complutum, the ancient
name of this town, was put to press in 1512, and
completed in 1517.
Alcala de los Gazules, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10
m. E. N. E. Medina Sidonia,
Alcala del Rio, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the
Guadalquivcr, 6 m. above Seville.
Alcala la Real, t. Spain, on a high elevation in
Andalusia, 9 leagues fr. Jaen. It contains a. rich
abbey. Pop. 8,000 or 9,000. Lon. 4° 10' W. Lat.
37° 43' N.
Alcamo, t. and co. Sicily, in the Val di Mazza-
ra, 1 league fr. the gulf Castele-a-Mure, 25 m. S.
W. Palermo.
Alcanede, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 19 m. S.
W. Thomar.
Alcaniz, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Guada-
loupe, 46 m. S. E. Saragossa.
Alcanizas, v. Spain, in Lfeon, 27 m. W. Zamora.
Alcantara, t. Alcantard, a district in Spanish
Estremadura, on the Tagus, which is here cross-
ed by an old Roman stone bridge. Its walls, bas-
tions, and other works, are kept with care, as it is
a frontier town. The trade is in wool and cloth.
Pop. 3,000. 130 m. W. S. W. Madrid. Lon. 6°
43' W. Lat. 39° 40' N.
Alcantara, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
Tagus, near Lisbon. It hasa royal palace, with
beautiful gardens, grottos, and artificial fountains.
Alcantara, or Alcantarilla, t. Spain, in Seville,
near Guadalquiver r. The Roman bridge across
the marshes formed by the river, is still remain-
ing. It was shut in at each side with a gate, over
which was a tower. 14 m. S. Seville.
Alcantara, t. Brazil, in Maranham, on the bay
St. Marcos, opposite the isl. Mai'anham. It is a
thriving place, and its importance increases rap-
idly, as the lands in the neighbourhood are in re-
quest for cotton plantations. It has a stone quay
for small craft.
Alcantarca, S. Antonio de, t. Brazil, in Mar-
anham ; also, a village in Chili.
Alcantarilla, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 15 m. E.
Villa Nova de Portimao.
Alcaraceios, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the E.
bank of the Guad'alquiver.
Alcarai, r. Buenos Ayres, S. America, falls into
the Plata.
Alcaras, t. Spain, in La Mancha, on a mountain
in the Campo di Montiel, near the source of the
Guadamena. Pop. 3,300. 54 m. E. Ciudad
Real, 105 S. S. E.Madrid.
Alcaras, v. Spain, in Catalonia, 2 leagues fr.
Lerida.
Alcaria, t. Spain, in Biscay, 9 m. E. Vittoria.
Alcat races, isl. Pacific ocean. Lon. 102° 30' W«
Lat. 16° 3' N.
Alcatraces, isl. 1 of the islands N. of St. Domingo.
Alcatras, isl. off the W. coast of Africa, S. of the
Rio Grande. Lon. 14° 20' W. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Alcaudete, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues E.
S. E. of Cordova, and 9 W Jaen.
Alcazar Sequer, t. Morocco, W. Ceuta,
Alcazar-quiher, t. Morocco, on Sucos r. 20 m.
fr. the sea ; the spot where Don Sebastian lost his
life, in his expedition against the Moors.
Alcester, or Alncester, t. Eng. Warwick co. at
confluence of the Aln and Arrow, engaged in
needle making. Pop. 1,862. 8. m. N. W Strat-
ford on Avon, 102 N. W. London.
Alchaphah, mountain of Syria, 18 m. W. Anta-
kia.
Alcken, V. Prussian gi-and duchy of the Lower
Rhine, on the Moselle. Pop. 275. 9 m. S. W.
Coblentz.
Alckmaer, or Alckmaar, chief t. N. Holland. Pop,
10,000. They trade in corn, cheese, butter, flow-
er-roots, and seeds. A canal leads through it to
unite the Zuyderzee with the North sea. 24 m.
N.N. W. Amsterdam.
Akmaa; isl. in the Eastern sea, neir the coast o^
Java,
38
A L D
x\ L E
Alcniaer, isl. South Pacific, on the N. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 133° 46' E. Lat. 3° 53' S.
Akoa, r. Portuguese Estremadura, flows into
the Atlantic.
Alcobaca, t. Portuguese Estremadura, near the
sea, 17 m. S. S. W, Leiria,
AlcGcer, t. Spain, province of La Mancha.
Akoentre, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 17 m. S.
W. Santarem.
Alcohete, t. with a castle, Portuguese Estrema-
dura, on the Tagus, opposite Lisbon.
AkoleUy t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal-
quiver, 6 m. N. of Carmona ; also, a place on the
Cinca, in Arragon, 15 m. S.Balbastro.
Akomicem, or Akorucen, t. Spain, province of
Granada.
Akonbury-Weston, t, Eng. Huntingdon co. Pop.
288. 63 m, fr. London.
Akonckel, fort of Portugal, in Estremadura, on
the Alcaraque, 12 m. S. Olivenza.
Akora, t, Spain, in Valencia, near the sea and
the river Mijares. Here are the best manufac-
tures of earthen ware in the kingdom.
Akorcon, t. Spain, in New Castile, 2 leagues fr.
Madrid.
Akoroches, v. Spain, in New Castile, province
ofCuenca.
Akovendtty v. Spain, in New Castile, 10 m. N.
Madrid.
Akoutini, t. and castle, of Portugal, in Algarve,
on the frontiers of Alentejo. Pop. 1,000. 20 m.
N. N. E. Tavira. Lon. 7° 24' W. Lat. 37° 26' N.
Akoi/f t. Spain, in Valencia, with manufactures
of cloth, soap, and paper. It has fruitful environs.
Pop. 10,000. 20 m. N. Alicante.
Akudia, t, in theN. E. part of the isl. of Major-
ca, opposite to Minorca. Pop. 1,000.
Akudia de Carkf, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop.
2,000. 5 leagues S. Valencia.
AkuezoTj t. Spain, in the province of Arragon,
12 m. N. Balbastro.
Aid, r. England, Suffolk co.
Aldan, r. Siberia, rises on the confines of China,
and joins the Lena in lon. 128° 20' E. lat. 63» 25'
N. On its banks in Yakutzk, the finest sables are
obtained.
Aldborough, s-p. Eng. Suffolk co, on the Aid,
with a quay for fishing vessels. Pop. 1,067. 3 m.
fr. Oxford, 94 fr. London.
Aldborough, or Aldbrough, t. Eng. North Riding
of Yorkshire. Pop. 461. 7 m. fr. Richmond.
Aldborough, t Eng. West Riding of Yorksliire,
on the Ouse, the Roman Isurium Briganitium ;
Roman antiqtiities are still discovered here. Pop.
464. 1 m. fr. Boroughbridgc, 208 fr. London.
Aldborough, t. Middlesex co. Up, Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Aldburi/, V. and parish of Eng. Hertfordshire,
Pop. 566.
Aide, or Olde, isl. on the coast of Norway. Lon.
5° 10' E, Lat. 61° 25' N.
Aldea de Araguria, t, Brazil, government of
Goyas, on the Toccantins. Lon. 49° 46' W. Lat.
10° 20' S.
Aldea de Carajas, t. Brazil, on the Negro, 170
m. W. Fort Rio Negro.
Aldea de Curua-ram. t. Brazil, government of
Goyas. Lon. 52° 51' \V. Lat. 12" 10' S,
Aldea del Espiritu Santo, v. Brazil, province of
Todos Santos, at the mouth of Joana r. ; also, a
village in Seregippe, at the entrance of Real r.
Aldea dos Indios, t. Brazil, 10 m. S. Ilheos.
Aldea el Mu/v, or Aldea del Pcco. t. Spain in Old
Castiie, the Augustobriga of Ptolemy, 6 m. E
Soria,
Aldea J^ueva, v. Spain on the Ambroz. Pop. 1,500 ;
a few leagues from Placenzia.
Aldea JVuera, v. Spain, in Old Castile, district
of Rioga,
Aldea de Panuco, t Brazil, in Goyas, 255 m, N.
Villa Boa,
Aldea del Rio, v, Spain, in Andalusia, 4 leagues
from Anduxar.
Aldea de Sahante de Cux, t. Brazil, in Goyas.
300 m. N, Villa Boa.
Aldea de Tapuyas, t. Brazil, 300 m. S. W, St.
Salvador.
Aldego, r. Upper Italy, runs into the Adige, bet.
Zerpano and Albaredo.
Aldekerk, v. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 600, It has manufactures of silk,
ribbons, linens, and other stuffs.
Aldenah, t% Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 20 m. S, Cologne, 30 N. W. Coblentz.
Aldenberg, t. Prussia, grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 12 m, N. E, Cologne.
Aldenburg, t, Germany, duchy of Anhalt Bern-
burg, 4 ni, N. Bernburg.
Aldenham, v. and parish, Eng. Hertfordshire,
1 m. E. of the Cohae. Pop. 1,015. 2 m. N. E.
Watfoi-d.
Aldenhoren, t. grand duchy of the Lower Rhine.
Pop. 1 ,050. 3 m. W. S. W. Juliers.
Alderburgh, t. Eng, Wiltshire, near the Avon
and Salisbury canal. It has a manufactory of fus-
tian. Pop. 448. 3 m. fr. Salisbury, 77 fr, Lon-
don.
Alderholm, isl. Sweden, in Norrland, formed by
three branches of Gefle r. 80 m. N, Stockholm.
Alderley Superior and Alderley Inferior, two
townships Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 985. 5 m. from
Macclesfield, 172 fr, London,
Aldemey, isl, of Great Britain in the English
channel, 7 m, fr. Cape la Hogue, in Normandy
The intermediate channel, called the Race of Al-
derney, is of dangerous navigation in stormj-
weather. The island forms part of a chain extend-
ing to the Caskets, whereon a light-house has been
erected lately. Pop, 1,300, 18 m. N. E. Guern-
sey.
Aldei-ney, J^Tew. See Ourry''s Island.
Aldershott, hamlet, Eng. Southampton co. 3 m.
fr. Farnham, 41 fr. London. Pop. 498,
Alde.ya de Aialha, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m.
S. of Arronches.
Aldeya Gallega, t. Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, opposite Lisbon.
Aldeya Gallega dt Merciana, t. Portuguese Es-
tremadura, district of Alanguer.
Aldford, t. Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 391. 6. m. fr.
Chester, 174 fr. London.
Aldie, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 m. N. W. Wash-
ington.
Aldingen, t. Wirtemburg. Pop. 900.
Aldingen on the Baar, v. in the kingdom of Wir-
temberg, 5 m. E. N. E. Stutgard,
Aldoma, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Okhotsk.
at Aldomish bay,
Aldstone Moor, or Alstone Moor, t, and parish of
Eng. Cumberland co. on a hill, at the bottom of
which is the river Tyne, crossed by a stone bridge.
About 1,100 men are employed in its lead mines.
Pop, 5,079, 1 1 m, fr. Hexham, 19 fr. Penrith, 302
fr. London.
Alece, r. Calabria Ultra, in Naples, falls into
the sea near Cape Spartivento.
ALE
Jkfcora, t. isl. of Cyprus, 10 m. S. Baffa.
Alegre, t. France, dep. of the Upper Loire.
Pop. 900. 18 leagues S. S. E. Clermont-Ferand.
Jilegrete, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7^ m. S. E.
Fortalegre.
Alegria de Dulanci, t. Spain, in Biscay, 3
leagues fr. Tolosa.
Akkiam, v. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 36 m. S.
Sevrihissar.
Akksefskoi, t. Asiatic Russia, 90 m. S. S. E.
Sinbirsk. Lon. 50° 14' E. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Akksiepskoc, t. Asiatic Russia, 110 m. N. E.
Saratof.
Akmann, r. Switzerland, falls into the lake of
Geneva.
Akmbaddy, or Meambaddy, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
toor, 74 m. E. S. E. Seringapatam.
Akmpane, or Allamparva, fort of Hind, on the
sea-coast of the Carnatic, 67 m. S. W. Madras.
Alen, t. Prussian grand duch)' of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 760 ; on the Weser, 13 m. S. S. E.
Munster.
Akn. r. Hanover, in Calenberg, falls into the
Weser, near Lippoldesberg.
Aknby, t. Norway, 50 m. S. Drontheim.
Akncon, t. Lower Normandy, cap. of the de-
partment of the Orne. The suburbs are St. Blaise,
Casau, Montsor, La Barre, and Lancret. Pop.
13,234. Its trade is in cloth, in linen, coarse and
fine, but particularly in point-lace. It has exten-
sive tanneries, glass-houses, and smelting-houses.
There are free stone quarries in the neighbour-
hood ; and at the village of Hertre, about a league
W. of the town, is found the mineral called the
Alencon diamond, which has equal lustre, though
not the same hardness, as the true stone. 8 leagues
N. Mons, 16 S. S. E. Caen, 35 S. W. Paris.
Akmteig, t. in the archduchy of xlustria, 4 m.
S. Bohemian Waidhoven.
Akntak, district of Russia, in Revel, or Estho-
nia, bet. lake Peipus and the gulf of Finland.
Chief t. Narva.
Akntejo, or Akmteio, the largest province in
Portugal, on the Atlantic. 108 m. in length
and in breadth ; contains 4 cities, 105 towns, and
358 parishes. Pop. 339,356. It is divided into
the jurisdictions, Evora, Beja, Elvas, Portalegre,
Ourique, Villa Viciosa, Crato, and Aviz.
Akppo, Old, or Kinnesreen, t. Syria, the an-
cient Chalcis, cap. of Chalcidone, 15 m. S. Alep-
po.
Akppo, city of Syria, cap. of a pachalic. It is
on 8 small hills, intersected by KoAvick r. It is in
circuit 3i miles, and including the suburbs, 7 or 8.
The city is surrounded by a wall and has 9 gates.
Near the N. E. corner is a castle on a hill, encom-
passed by a ditch ; a bridge of 7 arches is thrown
over the ditch on the S. It is a magazine for mil-
itary stores. Aleppo is the 4th city of the Otto-
man empire, exceeded only by Constantinople,
Caii'O, and Damascus. It is well built. The
£Lreets are broader than usual in the East, are pav-
ed, and have two foot-paths raised six inches high.
The houses are surmounted by terraces, on which
the inhabitants sleep in summer. The seraglio
or palace of the pacha is spacious, with magnifi-
cent gates, A distinct quarter of the city is allot-
ted to Jews, and another to Europeans. The
mosques are built of free stone, with a dome in the
middle, covered with lead. About 20 caravan-
seras or inns, spacious quadrangular edifices, one
story high, are dispersed through the city, and
coffee-houses, with a fountain in the middle, and a
ALE
29
gallery for musicians. Pop. 250,000, chiefly
Turks and Arabs ; among them are 30,000 Chris-
tians, and 5000 Jews. Women are not seen in the
streets of Aleppo after dusk. Its manufactures are
of silk and cotton, it exports cloth from Antioch,
Merdin, Orfa, and Antab ; osnaburghs from Alep-
po and Damascus, and printed cottons from Diar-
bekir ; also galls, different drugs, and copper, and
a variety of other articles. The imports from Eu-
rope are cloths, Lyonese stuffs, and bonnets after
the fashion of Tunis from France, merceries, in-
digo, tea, sugar, paper, soap, and a great quan-
tity of coral ornaments. 4 caravans annually pro-
ceed through Natolia, to Constantinople ; others
arrive from Bagdad and Bassora with coffee
brought from Mocha on the Red sea, round the
Persian gulf ; as also muslins and shawls from In-
dia. Aleppo is healthy ; but visited once in about.
10 years by the plague. 70 m. S E. Alexandret-
ta, 234N. Damascus. Lon. 37° 16' E. Lat. 36°
UN.
Akria, t. on the E. coast of the isl. of Corsica.
20 m. S. E. Corte.
Alesani, t. isl. of Corsica, district of Aleria.
Aksdiany, market t. Eu. Turkey, in the E. of
W^allachia, on Chncou r.
Akschki, or Aksski, t. and fort, Russia, in E.
Nogai, cap. of a circle in Taurida.
Aksham, or Ayksham, t. and parish of Eng.
Norfolk CO. near i'hyrn r. The chief manufacture
is stockings. Here is a mineral spring, deemed
efficacious in chronic diseases. Pop. 1,760. 12
m. N. Norwich, 121 N. N. E. London.
Aksheim, t. Bavaria, in Anspach, 5 m. N. W.
Weisseuburg.
Akssandria, or Akxandria, strong t. with a cit-
adel, on the E. bank of the Tanaro, in Upper Ita-
ly. It is the see of a bishop, who belongs to the
archiepiscopal diocese of Turin. It contains a
cathedral, 12 parish, 2 collegiate churches, 17 mo-
nasteries and nunneries. Pop. 35,216. Its fairs
in April and October, are attended by merchants,
from Italy, France and Switzerland. 38 m. S. W.
Milan, 44 E. Turin.
Akssano, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 12 m.
S. S. W. Otranto, 200 E. S. E. Naples.
Akssio, t. Greece, in Albania, 12 m. N. Dur-
azzo, and 96 S. E. Ragusa.
Alessone, t. Macedonia, near Olympus, 20 m. N.
W. Larissa.
Akih, t. France, on Aude r. dep. of the Aude.
Pop. 1,000.
Akvaia, r. Siberia, flows into Penjinskoe sea,
the upper part of the sea of Okhotsk. Lon. 157°
14' E. Lat. 62° N.
Aknrska, t. Siberia, at the confluence of the riv-
ers Ajila and Aler, 64 m. N. E. Nertchinsk.
Akutan, or Akulian Islands, a chain of islands
in the N. Pacific ocean, stretching from the penin-
sula of Karatschatka, in Asia, to Cape Alaska, in
N. America, under the government of Irkutzk,
Russia ; about 40 in number. Several volcanoes,
exist among these islands, and earthquakes ai'e
common. Behring's island, Attoo, and Oonalash-
ka, are the largest. Lat. 55° N. Lon. 165° to 195°
E. Only a few are inhabited.
Alexain, v. France, dep. of the Mayenne, "4
leagues N. Laval.
Alexander, bay, on the E. coast of the Caspian
sea. Lon. 71° 25' E. Lat. 43° 37' N.
Alexander, cape on the W. coast of New G eor-
gia, one of the Solomon's islands. Lon. 156° tV E
Lat. 6° 45' S.
30
ALE
A L F
Alexander, cape on the S. coast of an isl. at the
entrance of Duncan's canal, in the N. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 227^ 18' E. Lat. 56° 36' N.
Alexander, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Ba-
tavia.
Alexander, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 765.
Alexander, co. Illinois, at the angle between
Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
Alexander's Pedt, group among the Aladin isls.
in the S. part of the Mcrgui archipelago. Lat.
9° 8' N.
Alexanderrille, v. Montgomery co, Ohio, on Mi-
ami r. 7 m. below Dayton.
Alexandrelta, or Scanderoon, s-p. Syria, at the
S. E. part of a bay in the Mediterranean. Its
road is the only one in Syria affording good an-
chorage. It is unhealthy, owing to the miasmata
from the marshes, and proves fatal to the crews of
vessels. Europeans seek refuge in summer in the
neighbouring village of Beilan, About half a
mile S. is an octagonal castle, built of hewn stone.
The walls are low, but each side is defended by a
tower. To the N. is an old square tower, inacces-
sible on account of the morass. 30 m. N. Antioch,
70 N. W. Aleppo.
Alexandria, v. Scotland, in Dumbartonshire, 4
m. N. Dumbarton.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Cherson, 70 m. W. Eka-
terinoslav, 150 S. W. Kiev. Lon. 32^ 52' E. Lat.
48° 25' N.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Volhynia, on Hovyn r.
50m.E. S. E. Lucko. Lon. 26° 20' E. Lat. 50°
45' N. — Alexandria is also the nau\f: of a number
of small places throughout Russia, particularly in
Pultowa and Ekatermoslav.
Alexandria, city, ancient capital of Egypt,
founded 331 A. C. by Alexander the Great. On
an island opposite to the mouth of the harbor, is
the pharos, or light house, one of the wonders of
the ancient world. Alexandria engrossed the
commerce of India ; goods being brought up the
Red sea, landed at Berenice, carried across to the
Nile, there embarked, and conveyed down the
river and through a canal from its main bank, to
the city. It was the centre of all sciences con-
nected with mathematics, astronomy, and geog-
raphy ; those learned men only were valued who
had been bred in its school, "rhe library surpass-
ed all others which antiquity could boast. The
discovery of the Cape of Good Hope transferred
the India trade to a different channel. Alexandria
is situated at the W. extremity of the Egyptian
coast, on the borders of the Lybian desert, upon a
neck of land, between the sea and lake Mareotis.
It communicates with the Nile by a canal, which
also supplies the city with water. The old town
is partly inclosed with walls nearly six miles in
circumference ; but the ruins of the ancient city
can be traced over three times that circuit. Pom-
pey's pillar is 94 or 95 feet high, composed of 3
pieces of the finest granite, one for the pedestal,
the other for the shaft, and the third for the capi-
tal. The mean diameter is 7 feet 9 inches. The
two obelisks, one thrown down and the other
standing, vulgarly called Cleopatra's J^eedles, are
each 58 feet 6 inches high, and the breadth of the
base is 7 feet. They are composed each of a sin-
gle block of granite, and entirely covered with
hieroglyphics. The reservoirs with which an-
cient Alexandria was supplied with water, exca-
vated the whole ground upon which that city
stood. A conduit, from the canal of Cleopatra,
extended tlie whole length of the city, conducting
the water into the cisterns. The catacombs begin
at the extremity of the old city, and extend along
the coast; they consist of small sepulchral grottos
cut in the rock, which is a soft calcareous sub-
stance ; the interior of the galleries is plastered
with mortar, difficult to break; each cavity con-
tained three coffins piled over each other. New
Alexandria is built chiefly along the coast. The
population has been esimated as high as 20,000,
though the settled residents may not exceed 5,000.
Turks compose the officers of government and the
garrison ; the Copts are numerous, but held in
contempt. The mercantile transactions are in
the hands of the Jews. The approach from the
W. is difficult, the Lybian shore being a dead flat,
presenting no object perceptible at a distance. Tho
first land-mark is, two eminences, with a tower on
each, called Aboukir. There are two harbors,
the old and the new : the old harbor is safe, and.
affords a sufl[icient depth of water; tlie new is
shallow, has a rocky bottom, and is exposed to the
N. winds, which blow with great violence. Lon.
30° 5' E, Lat, 31° 16' N,
Alexandria, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m.
N. of Machias.
Alexandria, t. Grafton co, N. H, 27 m. N. of
Concord. Pop. 409.
Alexandria, t. Hunterdon co, N, J. Pop, 2,271.
Alexandria, p-t. Huntington co. Pa. 89 m, W
Harrisburg, 10 N, W. Huntington, Pop. 156,
Alexandria, co.District of Columbia. Pop. 8,552
Alexandria, city, and port of entry, in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Poto-
mac, 7 m. S, of Washington, Pop. in 1810, 7,227.
It has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for
the largest ships, and is a place of extensive
trade, especially in the article of flour. Exports
in 1810, $930,634. Shipping in 1816, 11,811
tons.
Alexandria, p-t. in the parish of Rapides, Lou-
isiana, on Red river, 120 m. from its mouth, and
80 below Natchitoches, 350 by water from New
Orleans. It is a new and flourishing settlement .
Almost all the inhabitants are Americans.
Alexandria, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio r. at the
mouth of Scioto r. which separates it from Ports-
mouth, 45 m. S. Chilicothe.
Alexandriana, p-t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 157
S. W. Raleigh.
Alexandrovka, settlement, Asiatic Russia, in
Caucasus, on Kuma r. Pop. 448.
Alexandrovskaia, fort, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
on the Dnieper, 40 m. below Ekaterinoslav, 114
N.E. Cherson.
Alrxandrow, chief t. of a circle, in Vladimir,
Russia. Here was erected the first printing press
in Russia. 48 m. E. Moscow.
Alexandrow, or Alexandrowka, t. Russia, in Po-
dolia.
Alexandrowka, the name of several small to\vns,
Rnssia, in Cherson, Ekaterinoslay, Tambov, &c.
Alexiervka, t, Russia, in Saratov, on the extreme
limit of Europe.
Alexin, t. Russia, in Thoula, on the Oka,
Alexin, t. Wallachia, 48 m. N, E. Bucharest.
Alexinza, t. Turkey in Europe, in Servia, 18
m. N. N.W. Nissa.
Alexo, isl. of the Atlantic, on the coast of Per-
nambuco, Brazil.
Alexopol, cap. of a circle, in Pultawa, Riissia,
30 m. S. Pultawa.
Alf, V. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 500.
A L G
jHfacar.^ t. Spain, 5 m. N. E. Grenada.
Alfaha. See Halfaia.
Alfandega da Fe, t. Portu^l, inTras los Montes,
12 m. N. I'on-e de Moncorvo.
Alfaques, harbor, Spain, in the W. mouth of
the Ebro, 9 m. S. Tortosa.
Alfaro, t. Spain, at the conflux of the Alama
and Ebro. Pop. 4,700. 9 m. S. W. Todela.
Alfaya^ t. W. Africa, on the Kalinkie r. which
falls into the Rio Grande, 50 m. from the sea, and
«0 S. W. Teemboo.
Jllfayates, fort, Portugal, 150 m. N. E. Lisbon.
Alfdorf, V. Wirtemberg. Pop. 940.
Jllftizara, or Alfeisarang, t. Portuguese Estre-
inadura, in Leiria,
Alfeld^ t. Hanover, on Leine r. Pop. 2,076. 15
m. S. Hildesheim, and 30 S. Hanover.
Alfeld, V. grand duchy of Baden, 4 m. N. Nei-
denaa.
Aifddha, mountain, Persia, in Kerman, 36 m.
2. Kerman.
Alfeo, or Carbon, r. the largest in the Morea,
falls into the Ionian sea, on the W. coast, 6 m. from
Olympia. On its banks were held the Olympic
games.
Alfeo, r. isl. Sicily, empties into the Mediterra-
nean at Syracuse.
Alfere, t. Ai^abia, 72 m. S. Medina.
Alferez, r. Brazil, in Rey, which enters tlie lake
Mini.
Alfidena, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 15 m. S.
S. E. Sulmona, 42 N. Capua.
Alfkarleby, v. Sweden, in Upsal, where tlie Dal-
Elbe falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Alfontes, t. Portugal, in Algrave,10 m. W.Louie.
Alford, t. England, Lincolnshire. Pop. 1,169.
30 m. E. Lincoln, 140 N. London.
Alford, V. Scotland, Aberdeen co, near which a
battle was fought in July 1645, between the Roy-
alists, under Montrose, and the covenanters, com-
manded by Baillie, who was defeated. 15 m. S.
W. Inverury, 28 N. W. Aberdeen.
Alford, t. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 522.
Alford'' s store, p-v. Hancock co. Georgia, 42 m.
N .Milledgeville.
Alfordsmlle, p-v. Robeson co. N. C. S. Raleigh.
Alfordstown, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C 30 m.
W. N. W. Fayetteville.
Alfred, t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on Ottawa r.
Alfred, p-t. and half shire, York co. Maine, 24
m. N. of York. Pop. 1,106.
Alfred, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. S. E. An-
gelica. Pop. 273.
Alfrcton, market t. and parish, England, Derby
CO. in which stockings and earthen ware are man-
ufactured. Pop. 3,396. 14 m. W. Derby, 141 N.
London.
Alfrick, hamlet, England, Worcester co. 7 m. fr.
Worcester. Pop. 404.
Alfter, loi'dship, Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, with a castle. Pop. 850.
Alfundao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 6 m. S. W.
Beja.
Algaiola, s-p. W. coast of the isl. of Corsica, at
the embouchure of the Aregno into the Mediter-
ranean, 6 m. N. N. E. Calvi, 38 S. W. Bastia.
Algaira, or Aliara, r. Spain, in Cuenca, which
falls into the Cabriel.
Algar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues from
Xerez de la Frontera.
Algar, Cape, on tlie N. W. coast of the isl. of
Majorca.
Algarra, or Algarbia, the S. province of Portu-
A L G
31
gal, bounded on the W. and S. by the Atlantic.
Pop. 96,000.
Algas, r. Spain, in Arragon, which falls into
the Matarana near Nonaspe.
Algemesi, or Algemesia, t. Spain, in Valencia;
near which grow great quantities of Pita, of
which they make cordage, and spin a thread fine
enough for lace. 18 m. S. Valencia.
Algeri, or Algheri, t. on the W. coast of Sardin-
ia, 79 m. N. W. Cagliari.
Algesheim, a walled t. grand duchy of Hesse
Darmstadt. Pop. 1,430.
Algeziras, a maritime t. Spain, in Andalusia, in
tljie gulf of Gibraltar, between Cape Algeziras
and the rock of Gibraltar; hence it is often cali«d
Old Gibraltar. Pop. about 4,500. 7 m. W. Gib-
raltar.
Alghise, t. Upper Italy, in the Lombard©- Vene-
tian kingdom, district of Bresciano, on Savarona
r. Pop. 3,000.
Algienta, t. Lombardy, on the Lambro, 10 m.
N. Milan.
Algiers, N. Africa, one of the Barbary states,
on the Mediterranean, between Morocco and Tu-
nis, extending S. to Atlas mountains. It is tlie an-
cient Numidia and Mauritania Tiiigitania. The
mountains are covered with vineyards and forests,
except Jurjura, 60 miles S. E. Algiers, whose top
is covered with snow during great part of the
year. The largest river is Shelliff, which has a
course of 300 miles ; the Adjidi rolls S. into the
desert, and is lost in a lake on its borders. The
soil produces wheat and barley, and all the fruits
and vegetables of Europf?. It contains mines of
lead and iron. Near the like of Marks is a solid
mountain of salt, and the lake, when it dries up in
summer, leaves its bed deeply incrusted with it.
The salt pits near Arzew are about 6 miles in
compass. The manufactures consist in silk, par-
ticularly sashes and handkerchiefs, and in carpets,
and a coarse kind of linen. The export? art co-
ral, wool, bees wax, ship timber, ostrichs' feath-
ers, grain, pulse, hides, goat and sheep skins, cam-
el's hair, cattle, sheep, of the annual value of
42,175/. The imports consist of European manu-
factures, and colonial produce. Linens, muslins,
and hardware, are prominent articles. The
towns are inhabited by Moors, Jews, and Turks,
with a few Europeans ; the plain country by the
Arabs ; and the mountains by Brebers, or Bereb-
bers. See Barbary. Algiers is divided into 3 prov-
inces : the W. or Tlemsam or Tremecen, borders
on Morocco ; chief towns Tlemsan and Oran :
the central or Algiers proper, the E. or Con-
stantina; chief towns Constantina and Bona.
Algiers, city, capital of the above country, on
the Mediterranean, and on the declivity of a hill,
on which the houses rise gradually in the form of
an amphitheatre, and terminate nearly in a point
at the summit. It is \h miles in circuit. The
largest street is not above 12 feet wide, in which
are the mansions of the opulent, tlie warehouses
of the principal merchants, the markets for corn,
bread, meat, fish, &c. Pop. estimated from 180,000
to 200,000. The largest buildings are the dey's
palace and the seraglio, both of great magnitude,
with marble pillars of curious workmanship. It
has 60 mosques ; the finest is 60 feet by 40, three
stories high, and supported by pillars of white
marble, imported from Genoa ; the walls are of
white stone, brought from the ruins of Oran.
Aqueducts convey water from the country to 150
fountains, dispersed through the city. Round
32
A L I
ALL
the city is a wall about a league in circumler-
ence ; 12 feet thick, 30 feet high towards the land
side, and 40 feet towards the sea. It is strength-
ened by fortifications at its 5 gates. The harbor
is formed by two moles, one running N. and the
other N. E. and meeting at an island called the
Lantern. It is 130 fathoms long, 80 broad, and
15 feet deep. The entrance is defended by a
round castle and batteries of brass guns. Lon. 3°
30' E. Lat. 36°42'N.
Algodon^ isl. in the Atlantic ocean, N. of St.
Domingo.
Algodres, t. Portugal, in Beira, 3 m. N. W. Cas-
tel Rodrigo.
Algon, isl. Sweden, on the W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 18° 26' E. Lat. 63° 9' N.
Algonquins, Indians, a large tribe iji the neigh-
borhood of the Assiniboins, on both sides of the
line which divides the U. S. from U. Canada, W.
of the Mississippi.
Algozo, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 20 m.
W. S. W. Miranda de Duero.
Algristan-Head, promontory on the N. W. coast
of Scotland, Ross co. Lon. 5° 44' W. Lat. 57°
46' N.
Algueda, i. and parish, isl. of Majorca. Pop.
1,200.
Alhatna, t. Spain, in Murcia. Pop. 3,500.
Alhama, t. Spain, in Granada, at the foot of a
hill, on Motrilr. 25 m. S. W. Granada.
Alhama k Seca, t. Spain, in Granada, 10 m. N.
N. W. of Almeria.
AlJiambra, t. Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. S. Teruel.
Alhambra. See Granada, Town of.
Alhamiicd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the S.
coast of the Caspian sea, 30 m. W. Fehrabad.
Lon. 52° 30' E. Lat. 35° 48' N.
Alhandra, t. in Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, 15 m. N. E. Lisbon. Pop. 1,350.
Alhaur, r. Natolia, which runs into the Sakaria,
8 m. S. Almeria.
Alhaurin, v. Spain, in Granada, 3 leagues S.W.
Mala^.
Alhans, t. Prussia, 4 m. S. Culm.
Alhol Fedros, t. Portugal, in Esti'emadura, 6
m. S. E. Lisbon.
AH, t. Georgia, 50 m. W. Teflis.
Aliabad, v. Persia, in Mazanderan, 30 m. S. E.
of Fehrabad, and 39 N. E. of Teheran.
Aliabali, isl. in the Caspian sea, near the W,
coast. Lon. 68° 6' E. Lat. 39° 5' N.
Alibama, 'And Atia-Kackjjoos, Indians, remnants
of these tribes mingled with remnants of other
tribes, are scattered in different parts of the state
of Lousiana.
Aljaki,t. Russia, 20 m. S. E. Czerkasky.
Alianello, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 27 m. E. Po-
tenza.
Aliano, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 23 m. S. E. Po-
tenza.
Alianskoi, fort, Russia, 120 m. S. W. Kolhyvane.
Lon. 79° 34' E. Lat. 52° 50' N.
Alibani, t. Arabia, 140 m. S. E. Amanzirlfdin
Alibeg-keri, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m.
E. Salistria.
Alica, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 29 m. W. S. W.
Florence.
Alicanf, t. Ceylon, 10 m. S. Calitoor.
Alicante, t. Spain, in Valencia, on a peninsula,
in a bay of the Mediterranean. The harbor is
one of the best in Valencia. 37 m. N. E. Murcia,
75 S. Valencia. Pop. 16,950. Lon. 9° 24' W.
Lat. 38° 35' N.
Alicata, fortified t. on the S. coast of the Val di
Mazzara, Sicily, 18 m. E. S. E. Girgenti.
Alicudi, or Alicuri, one of the Lipari islands in
the Mediterranean, 15 m. W. Lipari.
Alicun, t. Spain, ] 2 m. from Granada.
Alignay, one of the Philippine islands. Lat, 9°
51' N.
Aligne. See Marcans.
Althamman, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Tigris,
20 m. from Mosul.
Alima, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean. Lat. 19° 20' N.
Alinagore, t. Hind. Carnatic, 10 m. W. Trico-
lore.
AUngsas, t, Sweden, 5 m. S. of Bohus. Lon.
12° 19' E. Lat. 57° 58' N.
Alipee, t. Cochin, populous; the residence of
many of the merchants who are agents for houses
at Bombay. Exports : pepper, grain,a nd timber,
Lat. 9° 42' N,
Alishung, dist. of Afghanistan, India, between
35° and 36° N, lat. and 68° and 69° E, lon. sur-
rounded by lofty mountains, covered with snow.
Chief t, Penjshehr.
Aljubarrota, market t. Portuguese Estremadura,
10 m. S. of Leiria. Pop. 1,000,
Aljucen, t, Spain, Estremadura, 7 m. N, Merida.
Aljustrel, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 16 m. W. S.
W. Beja. Pop. 1,500.
Alixen, t, France, dep. of the Ardeche, 6 m. E
N. E. of Valence.
Alkaisan, fort, in Asiatic Turkey, 106 m. W
Bagdad.
Alkmaer. See Akkmaer.
Allahabad, province of Ilindostan, between 22°
and 26° N, lat, and 79° and 83° E. lon, bounded
N. by the provinces of Oude and Agra, S. by
Gundwana, E, by Bahar, and W, by Malway and
Agra, Seven-eighUis of the inhabitants are sup-
posed to be Hindoos, the remainder Mahometans.
Allahabad, city, cap, of the above province, at
the junction of the Ganges and Jumna, 820 m,
from the sea by the course of the river. Every
summer multitudes of pilgrims resort hither from
all parts of India, The fort stands in lat, 25° 27'
N, and lon. 81° 50' E, 490 m. W, N. W. Calcutta.
It is a station of the Baptist Missionary Society,
made in 1814.
AUah-Shehr, or City of God, t, Asiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, It is spread upon the declivities of 3
or 4 hills, and exhibits remains of a wall, which
once encompassed it. Here there is a cathedral,
large and ornamented with carving, gilding, and
portraits ; but of 24 churches of that communion,
only 6 are in repair and served by priests. The
Greeks have a bishop and chief priest. The
town is situated on one of the principal roads to
Smyrna, whither a caravan goes and returns reg-
ularly. It is greatly frequented, especially by Ar-
menian merchants. The coffeehouses and baths
are much resorted to. There are about 300
Greek families. This city is the ancient Phila-
delphia, so liable to earthquakes. 30 m. S. F
Sart or Sardis, and 5 days' journey from Smyrna
Allaine, t. France, in Brittany, 10 leagues Y
Vannes. Pop. 4,360.
Allais, or El Aice, t, Sennaar, cap, of one of the
three governments into which that countxy is di-
vided,
Allande, t, Spain, Asturia, 28 m, W. of Oviedc
Alia Torre, district of the Lombardo-Venetiar
kingdom, middle division of the Valteline. valler
of Malenker.
ALL
ALL
33
Alhegah, t. in the E. province of Algiers, on a
small river. Its vicinity is covered with large
heaps of ruins, 20 m. E. Constantina.
Alleghany, co. N. Y. on Genesee r. bordering on
Pennsylvania, Pop. 1,942. Chief t. Angelica.
Alleghany, co. Pa. at the junction of Alleghany
and Monongahela rivers. Chief t. Pittsburg.
Pop. 25,317.
Alleghany, t. Cambria co. Pa. W. Harrisburg.
Pop. 610.
Alleghany, t. Venango co. Pa. N. W. Harris-
burg. Pop. 299.
Alleghany, t. Huntington co. Pa. W, Harris-
burg. Pop. 1,159.
Alles:hany, t. Somerset co. Pa. S. W. Harris-
burg. "^ Pop. 271.
Alleghany, t. Armstrong co. Pa. W. Harrisburg.
Pop, 820.
Alleghany, co. Md. the N. W. end of the State,
on Potomac r. Ciiief t. Cumberland. Pop.
6,909.
Alleghany, mountains, U. S. commence in the
N. part of Georgia, and running N. E. nearly
parallel with the coast of the Atlantic ocean, at
the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Caroli-
na, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New
York, and terminate near Hudson river. They
divide the waters which flow into the Atlantic,
from those which flow into the Mississip]n. The
Catskill mountains, at the N. E. extremity, are the
highest summits in the range.
Alleghany, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs
first N. W. into New York, and then by a bend to
the S. W. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pitts-
burg unites with the Monongahela to form the
Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for
keel boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above
Pittsburg.
Allegranza, isl. or rock, the most N. of tlie Ca-
naries; barren and uninhabited, resorted to, to
gather orchilla.
Allemance, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. 77 m. W.
Raleigh.
Allemand, r. falls into the Mississippi from the
S. E. 43 m. S. Natches.
Allemans, t. France, dep. of the Lot and Ga-
ronne, on the Drot, 28 m. N. N. W. Agen.
Allemond, v. France, dep. of the Isere, 6 leagues
E, Grenoble. Pop. 1,000.
Allen, r. England, runs into the Stour, near
Blandford.
Allen, r. Wales, Flint co. which has a subterra-
jieous course for a short distance.
Allen, hie of, Ireland, Kildare co. 5 m. N. E.
Xildare.
Allen, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Harrisburg.
:?op. 1,837.
Allen, CO. Kentucky. Chief t. Scottsville. The
})ost-office is 160 m. from Frankfort.
Allen, CO. Ohio, formed 1820, in a part of the In-
dian reservation.
Allenburg, t. East Prussia, in Tapiau, on the
iUle, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,350.
Allendale, t. England, Northumberland co. di-
vided into East and West, 9 m. from Hexham, 291
from London. Pop. 2,006.
Allendorf, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
1 Verra, 24 m. W. Mulhausen. Pop. 2,500.
Allendorf, t. Hesse Darmstadt, between Mar-
lurgand Giessen, 6 m. N. E. Giessen. Pop. 1,030.
Allendorf, t. Russia, in Riga.
Allenheim, v. Germanv, near KeU on the
Rhine. Pop. 500.
Allan'' s Creek, r. N. Y. rises in the S. part of
Genesee co. and running N. E. empties into Gene-
see r. in Caledonia. Many mills are erected on it.
Allen'' s ferry, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana.
Allen's fresh, p-v. Charles co. Md. 43 m. S,
Washington, on Wicomico r.
Allen's Island, in tiie gulf of Carpentaria,
New Holland, Lon. 139° 26' E. Lat. 17° 5' S.
Allenstein, in Polish Olsztan, a bailiwick and
small t. with a castle, in East Prussia, 60 m. S.
Konigsberg. Lon. 20° 25' E. Lat. 53° 40' N.
Pop. 2,000.
Allensloivn, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. S.
E. Concord. Pop. 346.
Allenstoum, p-t. Monmouth co. N.J. 11 m. E.
Trenton.
Allentoivn, p-t. and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. on Le-
high r. 52 N. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,291.
AUentown, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C. S. W.
Raleigh,
Allentrop, t. on the Soubeck, in the Prussian
grand duchy of the Rhine, 9 m. S. Arensberg.
All f pie, t. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 40 m. N.
Cochin, 60 N. Quilon, 120 N. Cape Comorin.
Pop. 13,000. Pepper and other spices are procur-
ed here for the E. India ships. It is a Missionary
station, containing a church, house and garden,
and a school-house. The number of scholars
amounts to 70, including 26 orphans. The con-
gi'egation, consisting of school-children, Syrians,
Roman Catholics, and heathen, has increased to
200.
Aller, r. Lower Saxony, falls into the Weser be-
low Verden.
Aller, v. England, Somerset co. 6 m. S. Bridge-
water.
JiUerberg, market t. Bavaria, in Neuberg, 16 m.
S. Nuremburg. Pop. 1,570.
Allerton, t. England, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Pop. 1,093. 33 m. fr. Bradford, 199 fr. London.
Allerton (Chapel), t. England, Leeds, West Ri-
ding of Yorkshire, 2 m. from Leeds. Pop. 1,362.
Allerton Bywater, t. England, W. Riding of
Yorkshire, 5 m. from Pontefract. Pop. 292.
Allesani, t. isl. of Corsica, 13 m. E. N. E. Corte.
Allevard, t. France, in Daupliine. Pop. 2,060.
7i leagues N. E. Grenoble.
Allex, V. France, dep. of the Drome, 4 leagues
S. Valence.
Allfeld, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Ba-
den. Pop. of the bailiwick 1,860.
Alii, r. Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, falls into
the gulf of Squillace.
Allier, r. France, after a course of 72 leagues,
falls into the Loire, 3 m. below Nevers.
Allier, dep. of France. Pop. 254,558. Divided
into the arrondissements of Mont Lu9on, Moulins,
Gannat, and Palisse.
Alligator r. N. C. runs through Alligator Swamp
into Albemarle sound.
Alligator, bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Allighur, English fort. Hind, situated between
the Ganges and the Jumna. Lon. 78° 24' E. Lat.
27° 55' N.
Allinaghur, t. Hindostan, 20 m. N. Chazy^oore.
Allinghery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38" m. S,
W. Arcot.
Allinghy, t. Hind. 30 m. S. W. Dindigul.
Allipore, t. Hind. 30 m. from Gwalior.
Altistar, or Allestar, t. peninsula of Malacca, 2
or 3 leagues from the mouth of a river.
AUitory, t, Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W.
Trichinopoly.
34
A L M
A L N
Alloa, s-p. Scotland, Clackmannan co. on the
N. bank of the Forth. The harbor is safe and
commodious, having 16 feet of water in neap, and
122 in spring tides. It has a dry dock for receiving
large vessels. The collieries employ a great num-
ber of people, and produce about 35,000 tons
yearly for export. From the distilleries above
1,000,000 gallons of spirits are sometimes shipped
in a year. Here is a glass-house, wherein ordina-
ry green glass bottles are made. The imports are
grain, limestone, ironstone, and goods from the
Baltic. Pop. 3,000. 27 m. from Edinburgh, 5
from Stirling.
Allonby, t. England, Cumberland co. Pop. 655.
309 m. from London.
Alloor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 ra. N. Nel-
lore, 114 N. Madras.
Alios, t. France. Pop. 1,400. Near a lake 7^
leagues N. E. Digne.
Alloueltes, point, in the St. Lawrence, at the
mouth of Saguenay r.
Allow, two rivers, Eng. falling into tlie Tyne.
Allow, r. isl. of Anglesey, falling into the Irish
sea.
Alloway Creek, t. Salem co. N. J.
Allowat/, r. Salem co. N. J. runs into Dela-
ware r.
All-Saints, islands near Guadaloupe, in the W.
Indies.
Allsaints, parish, Georgetown district, S. C.
All-Saints, bay of the Pacific, on the coast of
New Albion. Lon. 243° 38' E. Lat. 31° 44' N.
Alludsje, t. Arabia, 14 m. E. N. E. Beit-el-Fa-
Idh.
Allum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 11 m. N. W.
Palamcotta.
Alluf, t Ceylon, 15 m. N. E. Candy. Lon. 81°
2'E. Lat. 7° 66' N.
, Alluye, or Halluye, i. with a castle, France,
dep- of the Eure and Loire, 150 houses, 13 m. S.
S. W. Chartres.
Allynagi-um, t. Hind, in Dindigul,* 15 m. W.
Ootampaleam.
Almaden, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 39 ni. S. W,
Ciudad Real.
Almaden de la Plata, t. Spain, on the Celar, 32
m. N. Seville.
Almagre, t. Spain, in La Mancha. Pop. 3,000.
Almaguer, city, S. America, in Quito, on the
top of a small mountain, 21 m. S. Popayan. Lon.
76° 54' W. Lat. 1° 56' N.
Almali, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 42 m. S.
W. Satalia. Lon. 29° 42' E. Lat. 36° 38' N.
Almanchery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 1 1 m. N.
Bomranzepollam.
Almandrel, t. S. America, on the coast of Chili.
Almanza, or Almanca, t. Spain. Pop. 6,000. 54
m. S. W. Valencia.
Almanzor, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterrane-
an, on the coast of Granada.
Alniaraz, t. Spanish Estremadura, 36 m. from
TalaveradelaReyna. Pop. 1,000.
Almarhha, s-p. Arabia, 2 m. E. Cape Almarhha,
on the W. coast of the Red sea. Lon. 33° 3' 40"
E. Lat. 29° 1' 41" N.
Almas, t. in Sclavonia, at the influx of the Drave
into the Danube.
Almas, the name of various towns and villages
in Hungary and Transylvania.
Almas, station, in Brazil, where the duties on
gold mines are paid ; near the source of the Toc-
cantins.
Almasan, t. in Old Castile, Spain, 16 m. S. o
Soria.
Almeida, a strong fort, in Portugal, prov. of Bei-
ra. It has a regular citadel. Pop. 2,500. 113 m,
N. E. Lisbon.
Almeirim, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 3 m. S.
E. Santarem.
Almeloo, t. Holland, in Overyssel, 20 m. E.N. E-
Deventer.
Almendra, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. W.
Castel Ilodrigo.
Almendral, t. Chili, 3 m. from Valparaiso.
Almendralejo, t. in Spanish Estremadura, 12 m.
S. Merida.
Almendro, t. Spain, in Seville, 18 m. N. N. E,.
Ayamonte.
Almeneches, t. France, dep. of the Orne, 18 in.
N. Alengon.
Almeria, a maritime t. Spain, 54 m. S. E. Gra-
nada.
Almeria, t. Mexico, on the coast, 50 m. N. Vera
Cruz, 150 E. Mexico.
Almirante, r. Florida, runs S. E. into Pensacola
bay.
Almirante, Bay, coast of Veragua, on the N
coast of the Isthmus of Darien. At its entrance are
many small islands and hidden rocks. Lat. 9° 5'
N. Lon. 82° 30' W.
Abnissa, s-p. Dalmatia, 16 m. Spalatro. Pop.
1,000.
Almodovar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m. S. Ou-
rique.
Almodovar del Campo, t. Spain, in La Mancha,
18 m. S. Ciudad Real. Pop. 3,000.
Almodovar del Pinar, t. Spain, 25 m. E. S. E .
Cuenca.
Almoi, t. Prussia, 24 m. S. W. Rastenbui^.
Almonascid, t. Spain, New Castile, 9 m. S. E,
Toledo. Another, 15 m. S. Leon.
Almonbury, t. England, in Yorkshire, 1 m. from
Huddersfield. Pop. 4,613.
Almond, r. Scotland, flows into the frith of Forth,
5 m. N. W, Edinburgh.
Almond, r. Scotland, runs into the frith of Tay.
Almont, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 90 m. S. W.
Fehrabad.
Almonte, t. Spain, in Seville, 15 m. S. E. Moguer.
Almora, a subdivision of Kemaon, N. E. part of
Hind, separateti from the British territory by a
lofty range of mountains, and subject to the rajah
of Napal. Its capital, Almora, is in lon. 79° 40'
E. Lat. 29° 35' N.
Almstadt, t. Sweden, 4 m. E. Christianstadt.
Almunda, t. Hind. 14 m. S. W. Vizianagram.
Almunecar, t. Spain, has a good harbor, and a
castle, 36 m. S. S. W. Granada. Pop. 2,000.
Almunia, t. Spain, in Arragon, 22 m. from Sar-
agossa. Pop. 3,000.
Almurradiel, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 24 m. from
Manzanarez.
Almus, t. Asiatic Turkey, 20 m. N. E. Tocat.
Alma, formerly New Milford, p-t. Lincoln co.
Maine, 10 m. N. Wiscasset. It is a flourishing
farming town.
Alnemouth, Ailmoulh, or Alemouih, s-p. Eng.
in Northumberlandshire, at the mouth of the Alne.
Pop. 353. 5 m. from Alnwick.
Alnwick, or Alncwick, t. Eng. Northumberland-
shire, near the river Alne, once fortified. Pop.
5,426. 34 m. N. N. W. Newcastle.
Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada,
on Rice lake, W. Kingston.
ALP
ALT
35
Jllnivick, t. Northumberland co. New Brims-
wick, on the sea coast.
Mnei/, isl. Eng. in the Severn, near the city of
Gloucester. The single combat between Ed-
mund Ironside and Canute the Dane, took place
here.
Jllong, r. Asia, which runs into the gulf of Si-
am. Lon. 100° 21' E. Lat. 8° 40' N. Also a
town, on this river, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ligor.
Atoo, Straits, in the Eastern seas, between Lo-
mablem and Pantar isles.
Alopha, r. Syria, flows into the Mediterranean,
2 m. S. Bairout.
Alora, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. N. W. Mal-
aga.
Alore, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, on the Godavery,
30 m. E. Nander.
Aloren, isl. on the E. side of tlie gulf of Both-
nia. Lon. 22° 18' E. Lat. 63° 35' N.
Alor7io, t. Hind. 8 m. N. Goa.
Alosen, Cape, of the island of Elba.
Alost, or Aelst, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on
the Dender, which is navigable to the town. Pop.
11,000. 13 m. S. E. Ghent, 15 N. W. Brussels.
Alota, t. on the coast of Corsica, near the gulf
of Ajaccio.
Alpalhao, v. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. N. N.
W. Portalegre. Pop. 1,200.
Alpedrinna, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N. N.
E. Castello-Branco.
Alpedris, market t. in Portuguese Estremadura^
8 m. S. W. Leiria.
Alperspach, t. in the Black Forest, near Horn-
berg. Pop. 1,300.
Alphen, t. Holland, on the Rhine, between Ley-
den and Woerden. Pop. 2,000.
Alphen, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant. Pop.
1,000.
Alphington, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 2 m. from
Exeter. Pop. 911.
Alphonso, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 54° 50' E.
Lat. 7° 4' S.
Alpnorh, or AUnacht, t. Switzerland, in Under-
walden, 6 m. S. Lucerne.
Alpmi, Vecchio, r. Italy, in the Veronese, falls
into the Adige.
Alpovr, t. Hind. 100 m. W. S. W, Hydrabad.
Lat 16° 40' N.
Alps, mountains, Europe, divide Italy from
NFrance, Switzerland, and Germany ; they are in
the form of a crescent, and are divided into the
Maritime, the Cottian, the Grecian, the Pennine,
the llhoetian, the Tyrolese and Tridentine, inclu-
ding those of Suabia, the Noric, the Carnic, and
the Julian. The maritime Alps are so called from
their proximity to the Mediterranean. Over the
Pennine Alps, along Mount Simplon, Bonaparte
passed into Italy to tight the battle of Mareiigo, in
1800. The Alpine mountains are inheightfrom4000
to 12,000 feet, separated orily by narrow vallies.
Mont Blanc is 15,500 feet high, being the highest
mountain in Europe. It is in Savoy, and is seen
from Dijon and Langres, a distance of 140 miles.
Alps, the Suahian or JVirtemberg, a chain of
mountains, 70 miles in length and from 15 to 20 in
breadth, which separates the channel of the Dan-
ube from that of the Neckax-, and occupies the S.
E. corner of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. It is a.
continuation of the mountain tract called the
Black Forest.
Alps, Lower, dep. France, formed of the N. E.
part of Provence. Extent, 373 square leagues.
Pop. 147,910.
Alps, Upper, dep. of France, having N. and E
the Cottian Alps, which separate it from Piedmont.
Extent 251 square leagues. Pop. 121,523.
Alresford, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 6 m. N.
E. Winchester.
Alrewas, v. and parish of Eng, Staffordsliire, on
the Trent. Pop. 1,121. 7 m. N. E. Litchfield.
Alroe, isl. in the gulf of Horsens, in Jutland,
Lon. 10° 30' E. Lat. 55° 52' N.
Alsace, province of France, now formed into the
departments of the Upperand Loiver Rhine, which
see.
Almcp, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,275.
Alschausen, a castle in Suabia, near Biberach,
9 m. S. Buchau. Pop. 1,600.
Alsen, isl. in the Baltic, lying bet. isl. Funen and
the E. coast of Sleswick. Pop. 15,045.
Alsens, v. Bavaria, in Sponlieira. Pop. 1,100.
9 m. S. Kreutznach.
Alsfeld, t. Germany, in Hesse. Pop. 3,020. 50
m. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine.
Alshash, province of Great Bukharia, on the
river Sihon. Lat. 43° N.
Alsheim, a market t. in Hesse. Pop. 1,030. 10
m. N. Worms.
Alsingsund, strait, in the Baltic, near Sunder-
burg, separates the isl. of Alsen from the main land
of Sleswick.
Alsleben, or Alschlehen, t. and castle of Prussia,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, on tlie Saale. Pop.
1,070. 9 m. S. S. W. Bernburg.
Also-Sajo, V. Hungary, in Gomor co. Much
quicksilver and cinnabar are obtained here.
Alstadt, t. in Saxe-Weiniar. Pop. 620. 28 m.
N. N. E. Erfurt.
Alstead, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 38 m. W. of
Concord. Pop. 1,694.
Alston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. fr. Preston.
Pop. 609.
Alston, t. N. C. near the sea, 20 m. W. Bruns-
wick.
Alswang, or Alswanger, castle and t. on the
Baltic, in Courland, Russia, 10 m. W. Goldingen.
Altabonita, bay on the N. E. coast Cuba.
Alta Gracia, city of S. America, cap. of Sata-
gos, in Granada ; also, t. Buenos-Ayres, 20 m. S.
S. W. Cordova ; 3 settlements in Guiana ; one in
Tucuman ; and one in Venezuela.
Altai, mountains in Asia, commence near the
sea of Aral and terminate on the Pacific ocean at
East cape, in lon. 170° W. They traverse about
5,000 iniles under different names, the Kolhyvan-
V^oskresentz*, Korbolokinsk, Alaskaia, Oubinsk, or
Vobrosk, Buktarminsk, Teletsk, Tcliarinsk, Kun-
etzk, Krasnoyarslr. The highest part of the chain
is computed to be 10,730 feet above the level of
the sea. They contain iron, copper, and lead ore,
and gold and silver mines. Hei'e was found an in-
sulated mass of native iron of 1440 lbs. weight.
Altamaha. See Alatamaha.
Altamura, t. Naples, prov. of Bari, at the foot
of the Apennines. Pop. 15,000. 6 m. N. E. Gra-
vina.
Altar, t. Mexico, prov. of Sonora. The name also
of a lofty mountain of Quito.
Altara, t. in Genoa, 5 m. N. Savona.
Altavilla, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m.
S. E. Salerno ; another in principato Ultra, 7 m.
S. Benevento.
Altburg, V.Germany, in Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,400.
Alt-Closter, t. Bremen, 12 m. S. E. Stade.
Alte-Fchr, t. in the island ot Rugen, 3 nt. W, S.
W. Bergren.
36
A L T
AUena,, amanufacturingt. in the Prussian grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Lenne and
Nette. Pop. 3,300. 30 m. N. E. Cologne.
AUena., a district in S. Holland, bet. the Maese
and Biesboch.
Altemiu, a mining t. of Hanover, in the Hartz,
9 m. fr. Goslar. Pop. 1,100.
AUenbechen, a parochial v. in the Prussian
grand duchy of the lower Rhine, 3. m. E. of Lepp-
spring. Near it is a productive iron mine.
Altenberg, t. in the mining country of Saxony,
18 m. S. of Dresden.
Alfenbruck, or Oldenbrock, t. Hanover, 27 m. N.
W. ofStade. Pop. 2,600.
Altenburg, principality in Germany, wliich is
divided into two parts by the county of Gera. It
belongs to the house of Gotha, and is now parti-
tioned between the branches of Gotha and Saal-
feld. The former possesses seven bailiwicks, in
which there are 616 square miles, and 96,000 in-
habitants. The soil of this pai't is very produc-
tive, the stock of cattle good, and the people in-
dustrious and comfortable. The Saalfeld portion
consists ofthree bailiwicks, of 154 square miles,and
about 25,000 inhabitants. The states of the prin-
cipality are composed of nobility, and of the depu-
ties of the town of Altenburg, Saalfeld, and Eissen-
berg.
Altenburg, cap. of the above principality, was
formerly a free town of the empire. Pop. 9,500
gOm. S. Leipsic.
Altenburg, or Hungarian Altenburg, t. Hunga-
ry, at the influx of the Leitha into the Danube. It
has an active trade in horned cattle and fruit. 17
m. S. of Presburg, 40 S. E. Vienna.
Altenburg, lordship, castle and village, with a
medicinal bath, on the Danube, in Lower Austria,
near the frontiers of Hungary. .
Altenburg, market t. in Transylvania, on White
Korosch river.
Altenburg, market t. in Lower Austria, on the
confines of Moravia, 14 m fr. Crems.
Altenburn, t. Prussia in Oberland, 2 m. N. W.
Liebmuhl,
Altendamlaeh, t. Germany, 5 m. N. N. W.
Schlewsingen.
Allendorn, t. of Westphalia, 37 m. E. Cologne.
Altenheim, t. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop. 1,300.
Altenhofen, market t. in Carinthia, on the Met-
nitz, with a castle. 4 m. N. E. Veit.
Altenkirchen, t. Germany, in the Westerwald.
It was the scene of several obstinate conflicts be-
tween the French and Austrians in 1796. 15 m.
i\. N. E. Coblentz.
Altenkivchen, market t. of Pomerania, near the
point of the peninsula.
Altenlandsberg, t. Prussia in Brandenburg. Pop.
910.
Altenmarkt, or Altenwicht, a market t. in Up-
per Bavaria, 26 m. N. W. Saltsburg.
Altenmarket, two market townsin the Austrian
dominions ; one near the Ens, in Styria, 14 m. N.
E. Rottenmann ; the other in Lower Austria, 4
m. S. W. Baden.
Altenmumter, v. Bavaria, on the Zusam. Pop.
1,170.
Alten-Oettingen, market t. Upper Bavaria.
Pop. 1,400.
AltensMenbach, v. Bavaria, formerly in the ter-
ritory of the imperial city of Nuremberg.
Altenstadt, v jFrance, in Lower Alsace, 9 leagues
N. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,000.
Ahensludt, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500.
ALT
Allemteig, t and lordship, with a castle, in
Lower Austria, 55 m. N. W. Vienna.
Altensteig, t. Wirtemberg, on a rocky hill in
the Black Forest, on Nagold river. Pop. 1,400.
Altentrop, t. in the Prussian province of the
Lower Rhine, 50 m. E. Dusseldorf.
Alter de Chaon, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 84 m.
E. N. E. Lisbon.
Allgebhartsdorf, v. in the S. E. of Upper Lusatia.
Pop. 2,680.
Althorp, harbor on the N. W. coast of King
George the I'Mrd's archipelago, between Point
Lucan and Point Lavinia. There are islands at
its entrance ; on each side of which is a spacious
navigable channel. Lon. 223° 55' E. Lat. 88°
11' N.
AUikon, district, with a v. in the Swiss canton
of Zurich. Pop. 900.
Altin, Altai/, or Teletsk, lake, Asiatic Russia, in
Kolhyvane, 84 m. long, by 56 broad. The source
of the river Biya.
Altisried, t. Bavaria, 6 m. fr. Kemptem. Pop.
1,750.
Altkamitz, v. Silesia, circle of Hirschberg. Pop.
1,240.
Altkirch, t. dep. of the Upper Rhine, in France,
on an eminence, 6 m. S. W. Muhlhausen. Pop.
1,625.
Altlustheim, v. Baden, on the Rhine, opposite
Spires. Pop. 920.
Altmark, a division of the Mark of Brandenburg,
on the W. side of the Elbe. It contained 30 years
ago, an extent of 1,670 square miles, 13 towns, 6
royal bailiwicks, 27 manors, 494 villages, 16,938
houses, and 98,305 inhabitants.
Altmark, t. Prussia, in Little Pomerania, 9 m.
S. S. E. Marienburg.
Alto, San Andres del. 4 villages in S. America :
two in Quito, one in Brazil, and one in Peru.
Altobelo, isl. near the N. coast of Hispaniola,
seen at a great distance. Lon. 71° 18' N. Lat. 17°
38' W.
Altomonte, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; has
mines of gold, silver, iron, and salt, 10 m. S. W.
Cassano.
Altomunster, t. Bavaria, 20 m., N, W, Munich,
Pop. 750.
Alton, market t. Eng. Southamptonshire, 47 m.
W. S. W. London. Pop. 2,316.
Alton t. Straflbrd co. N. H. on the S. end of
Lake Winnipiseogee, 22 m. N. E. Concord. Pop.
1,279.
Alton, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi,
3 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. Near it is
a coal mine. It is a new settlement, regularly
laid out, and is destined to become the commer-
cial capital of the state.
Altona, or AUena, a large city, 2 m. W. Ham-
burgh, on the Elbe, belonging to Denmark. Hou-
ses 3, 1 20. Pop. above 30,000, Lutherans, Calvin-
ists. Catholics, Anabaptists, and Jews. The lat-
ter pay yearly for toleration and protection 2000
ducats. They have a large synagogtie. The
number of vessels is upwards of 100, which trade
in the ports of the Baltic and North seas and the
Mediterranean, and are employed in the fisheries
for herring, cod, whale, and seals. Here are
manufactures of velvet, silk stuffs, calico, stock-
ings, leather, gloves, tobacco, vinegar, starch,
wax, and looking-glasses, with sugar refineries
and brandy. The principal public establishments
are an academy with 7 teachers, a library, a
house of correction, and an orphan-house.
A L V
Allorf, t. Switzeiiand, cap. ofUri, near the riv-
er Reuss, surrounded with rising grounds and
beautiful gardens. Here the tyrant Geisler pro-
ceeded to those indignities, which, through the
patriotism of William Tell, laid the foundation of
the Swiss independence. Pop. 4,000. 20 m. S.
E. Lucern. Lon. 8° 27' E. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Mtorf, or Altdorf., t. Bavaria, capital of a dist.
of the same name, in the circle of Rezat, former-
ly in the territory of the imperial city of Nurem-
berg. Pop. in 1 803, 2,070, of whom 220 belonged
to the now suppressed university. The culture
of hops and brewing are important branches of in-
dustry. 12 m. E. S. E. Nuremberg, 34 E. N. E.
Anspach. Lon. 1 1° 20' E. Lat. 49° 23' N.
Altorf^ an upper bailiwick, parish, and market t.
Suabia, in Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. E. Ravensburg.
Pop. 6,900.
Allorf. t. Hungary, 18 m. N. Leutch,
Allorf v. and castle in the grand duchy of Ba-
den, near Ettenheim. Pop. 1,140, Christians and
Jews.
Allorf V. France, dep. Lower Rhine, 3 leagues
W. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 721.
Altrasen, v. in the Tyrol. Pop. 3,100.
Altreiisch, a market t. Moravia, in the circle of
Iglau, S. of Iglau.
Allnngham, or Altrincham, t. Eng. Cheshire.
It has manufactories of yam, worsted, and cotton,
an annual fair and a weekly market. Pop. 2,082.
179 m. fr. London.
Altscku'ciher, v. in the grand duchy of Baden.
Pop. 1,720.
Allsohl, mining t. Hungary, in the lower circle
of the county of Sohl, on the r. Gran. Pop. 1,770.
There are 2 chalybeate spi'ings in its suburbs. 88
m. E. N. E. Presburg.
Allstadl, t. Wirtemberg, near Rotweil. Pop.
1,600.
Allstadl. t. Moravia. Pop. 1,150.
Allsted, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 5 m. N. W. Aahaus.
Altun Kupri, or Altoun Kopri, the Golden
Bridge, t, Asiatic Turkey, in Bagdad, on the N.
bank of the Little Zab, or Altun. Here is a Turk-
ish garrison. Pop. 2,000. 210 m. fr. Bagdad, 90
S. E. Mosul. Lon. 43° 20' E. Lat. 35° 45' N.
Altun-Su, r. Asia, flows into the Tigris, 10 m.
above Tecrit, in Kurdistan.
Allun-Ta.th, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 20 m.
N. W. Kutayeh.
Altura, V. Spain, in Valencia, 1 m. fr. Segorbe,
Pop. 1,510.
Altwarp, t. on the Frische Haff, Pomerania, 7
m. E. Uckermunde.
Allwasser, v. Silesia. Pop. 560. 2 m. N. Wal-
denburg.
Altwolfach, v. Baden. Pop. 1,350.
Allsenau, t. Hesse, 5 m. S. E. Hauau. Pop.
500.
Allzey, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Selsach.
Pop. 3,051. 23 m. N. W. Worms.
Alum-creek, Ohio, runs into the Big Walnut, 8
m. S. E. Columbus.
Alumpore, t. Bengal, 20 m. W. Midnapore.
Alunkar, district in the N. part of Afghanistan,
between 35° and 36° N. Lat.
Alur, or Alvar, a district, N. W. part of Agra,
India.
Alva, t. Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. N. W. Lamego.
Alva, V. Scotland, Sterlingshire. Pop 909. 4
m, N. Alloa.
A M A
37
Alva de Tormes, t. Spain, in Leon. 12 m. S. S. E.
Salamanca. Here is a palace of the duke of Alva,
in. good preservation, and strangers are shewn the
chamber occupied by the duke. It was one of
lord Wellington's stations, in the campaign ot
1812.
Alvallada, t. Portugal, in^ Alentejo, 16 m. N.
Purique.
Alvanna, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 9 m. S. Vitto-
ria.
Alvano,t. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop, 1,900.
Alvar, fort. Hind, and cap. of a district, 77
m. from Delhi. Lon, 76° 46'E. Lat. 27° 41' N.
Alvarado, large r. of Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs
into the gulf of Mexico, 36 m. S. S. E. Vera Cruz.
Alvarado, t. Mexico, near the mouth of the
above river, 39 m. S. S. E. Vera Cruz.
Alvarcoil, t. Hindostan, in Tinnevellev, 70 m.
N. E. Cape Comorin. Lon, 78° 2* N. 'Lat. 8°
50'l>r.
./4;rare5,t. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop. 1,500.
Alvayazer, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 13 m. N,
Thomar.
Alvechurch, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 5 m.
N. E Bromsgrove. Pop. 1,344.
Alved, t. Sweden, E. Gothland. Lat. 58° 13' N.
Alvenau, commune, Switzerland, in the Grisons.
Near the village is a sulphureous bath.
Alvensleben, v. Prussia, in Magdeburg. Pop.
1,500.
Alverca, t Portugal, on the Tagus, 6 m. N.
Lisbon. Pop. 1,200,
Alverd, t, Persia, in Mazanderan, 60 m, S. S. W.
Fehrabad.
Alverthorpe, t. Eng. Yorkshire, IJ m. fr, Wake-
field, Pop, 3,756.
Alverton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire. Pop. 934. 3
m. fr. Cheadle.
Alvidona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 9 m, N.
E. Cassano.
Al-Fillar, t. Spanish Estramadnra, 9 m. fr.
Placensia. Here are the remains of the Roman
aqueduct, which *conveyed the excellent water of
this place to Caparra.
Alviso, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 10 m. E
Capua.
Alvito,t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S. S. E
Evora.
Alvorninha, t, Portuguese Estremadura, 22 m
S. S, W, Leyria,
Alwen, r. Wales, runs into the Dee, 7 m, N, N,
E. Bala,
Ali/th, t, Scotland, Perthshire, It has yarn and
brown linen manufactures, and 9 annual fairs.
Pop, 2,563. 12 m. W. Forfar.
Alzira, or Algecira, fortified t. Spain, 20 m. S.
Valencia, on the Xucar. Pop. 10,000,
Alzon, t. France, dep, of the Gard. Pop. 900.
50 m, W, Nismes.
Alzonne, t. France, on the Fresquel, dep. of the
Aude. 10 m. W. Carcassone. Pop. 1,510.
Am, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 25 m. S. Felura-
bad.
Amaba, t. Japan, 100 m. E. N. E. Meaco.
Amachetrum, t. Hind, in Marawar, 30 m. S. W,
Tanjore.
Amachura, r. S. America, in Cumana, runs N.
into the Orinoco, at its mouth.
Amacore, large r. S. America, in Guiana, which
runs from the Cordillera, E. into the Atlantic.
Amacuro, r. S. America, in Cumana, runs N.
into the Orinoco at its mouth, de Navio. S.
38
A M A
A M A
Amacusia, isl. Japan, near the Ximo. Lou.
129° 15' E. Lat. 31° 33' N.
Amada, t. Japan, 63 m. N.Meaco.
Amadabas, t. Hind, in Doulatabad, 23 m. S. W.
Amednagur.
Amadan. See Hamadan.
Anwdea, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Meta near its source.
Amadia, t. and fort, Asia, in Kurdistan, on a
lofty mountain. At its base is a plain covered
with villages ; from which there is an ascent, by
a narrow flight of steps cut out of tlie rock. It is a
place of trade. 72 m. N. Mosul.
Amaguana, t. S. America, 10 m. S. Quito.
Arnaguana, r. S. America, in Quito, rises on
the W. declivity of the Andes, and joins the Esme-
raldas near the village of St. Antonio.
Amaillon, v. f^rance, dep. of Deux Sevres, 30
m. N. N. E. Niort.
Amaiuca, r. S. America, runs into the Amazon,
near the mouth of the river Napo.
Amalaeva, r. Siberia, runs into the Frozen
ocean. Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat. 71° 10' N.
Amalagan, or Island of Conception, one of the
Ladrone islands, 3^ m. fr. Gugnan. Lon. 128°
14'E. Lat. 18° 10' N.
Amal/i, or Amalphi, t. Naples. Pop. 2,750. 10
m. S. W. Salerno.
Amambai, r. Paraguay, runs into the Parana,
opposite the isl. Salto.
Aman, district of Sumatra island, near the cen-
tre.
Amana, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount Lebanon.
Amance, t. France, dep. of the Upper Saone.
Pop. 900. 15 m. N. Vesoul ; another, 6 m. N.
Nancy, in the dep. of the Meurthe.
Amancouh, Amankoh, or Eclikilge, fort, Persia,
in Khorassan, 15 m. S. Herat.
Amanda, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Lancas-
ter. Pop. 83G.
Amandarille, p-v. Elbert co. Georgia.
Amangasacki, t. Japan, in Niphon island, 35 m.
S. W. Meaco. •
Amanguchi, t. Japan, cEtp. of Nangaro, and one
of the wealthiest towns of Japan. 215 m. S. W.
Meaco. Lon. 120° 34' E. Lat. 34° N.
Amanibo, r. S. America, in Dutch Guiana, en-
ters the Atlantic, Lat. 5° 57' N. ; also, a t. on
the coast between Paramaribo and Cayenne.
Amantea, t. Naples, on the coast of Calabria Ci-
tra, at the mouth of the Oliva. Pop. 2,700. 12
m. S. W. Cosenza.
Amanu, t. Asia, 10 m. S. Mocatimpour.
Amanzirifdcn, t. Arabia. 440 m. E. Mecca, 584
N. E. Mocha. Lon. 67° 30' E. Lat. 20° 25' N.
Amaonos, t. S. America, in Quito, 20 m. N. E.
St. Joachim de Omaguas.
Amapalla, t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point
of land running into the Pacitic, 12 m. fr. Seui Mi-
-guel.
Amapalla, large gulf on the W. coast of Ameri-
ca, betAveenGuatimala ?.nd Nicaragua ; nearly 60
m. in length, and from 9 to 30 in breadth ; also
called the Gulf of Fonseca. 100 m. N. W. Leon.
Lon. 88° 56' W. Lat. 13° 30' N.
Amapet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 10 m. S, W.
Trichinopoly.
Amara, t. Arabian Irak, 110 m. N. W. Bassora.
Amarante, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
on the Tamega, near its junction with the Douro.
Pop. 4000. 23 m. S. E. Braga, 30 E. N. E. Opor-
to. ^' * " '
Amaraloor, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 12 m. E. JN.
E. Nagoimungalum.
Amarchelta, t. Hind, in Golconda, 18 m. N. Ra-
chore.
Amargos, isl. on the coast of Chili, at the moutli
of the river Valdivia.
Amargnso, r. Brazil, enters the Atlantic between
point Tiburon and point Mello. Lat. 5° S.
Amargura, or Gardner's isl. in the Pacific. It
has marks of volcanic eruptions. Lon. 175° 10'
W. Lat. 17° 57' S.
Amaro, Juan, t. Brazil, in Todos Santos, near
the river Panuaca. Lon. 4U° 14' W. Lat. 13°
17' N. The other villages of this name in S. Amer-
ica are inconsiderable.
Amaruco, r. S. America, runs N. into the Ori-
noco, at its mouth. It is navigable for sloops 10
or 12 miles.
Amarumaiu, a large r. Peru, rises in the Andes,
13° 30' S. lat. and enters the Amazon, in 4° 36' S. lat'.
Amasa, t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 8 m.
E. S. E. Jeddo.
Amasatrum, t. Hind, on the coast of the Car-
natic, 10 m. N. Tondy.
Atnasia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Kizil-
ermark, surrounded by mountains. The mosque
with its two lofty minarets are of hewn stone.
The baths is of hewn stone ; in front of tliem
are promenades under rows of trees. Water is
raised from the riverin buckets fixed to the circum-
ference of large wheels nearly 30 feet in diameter,
turned by the stream. The buckets empty them-
selves into reservoirs, and the water is thence con-
veyed in pipes to the baths and fountains. Wine,
resembling sherry, is made here. It is the birth-
place of the famous geographer Strabo. Pop.
60,000 or 70,000, chieily Christians. 200 m. E.
Constantinople. Lon. 36° 12' E. Lat. 40° 40' N.
Amasreh, or Amestros, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
on a point of land projecting into the Black sea,
150 m. E. N. E. Constantinople. Lon. 32° 24' E'.
Lat. 42° 20' N.
Amassia, t. on the S. E. coast of Timor. Lon.
125° 27' E. Lat. 0° 18' S.
Amathante, v. Cyprus, i m. fr. the S. shore, the
site of an ancient city. 3 m. E. Limasol.
Amatiques, gulf at the bottom of the bay of Hon-
duras. The Gulf of Dolce communicates through
it with the bay.
Amato, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on Amato
river, 7 m. S. E. Nicastro.
AmaUa-foa. See Toofoa.
Amazons, Maranon, or Orellana, r. S. America,
the largest in the world, formed by the Tungura-
gua and the Ucayale. The Tunguragua issues
from the lake Lauricocha, in Peru, lat. 10° 29' S.
The Ucayale is formed by the junction of the Apu-
rimac, and the Beni. It runs into the ocean un-
der the equinoctial line, after a course of more
than 4000 miles. The mouth is about 180 mile3
wide ; the tide water is distinctly felt at Obidos,
400 miles above. Among the rivers which fall in-
to it from the N. are Santiago, Morona, Pastaza,
Tigre, Napo, Negro, Putumayo, Yupura, Yagua-
piri, Curupatuba, and Yari, and from the S. Gual-
laga, Ucayale, Cuchivara, Yahuari, Yutay, or
Yotau, Cayari, Madera, Topaios, Chingu, Guan-
apu, Muju. Its banks are clothed with immense
woods, which afford a haunt for tigers, bears, leop-
ards, -Of ild boars, and venomous reptiles. Its wa-
ters swarm with alligators, some of them from 20
to 30 feet long. The turtles are most deliciou?
A M B
aiid numerous, and various in species and size. In
the neighbouring woods are a variety of birds of
beautiful plumage, and innumerable apes. The
vegetable productions are cacao, cinnamon, va-
nilla, pines, coffee, sugar canes, rice, maize, plan-
tains, lemons, limes, oranges ; also vi^ax, storax,
copal, and other balsams, resins, and medicinal
plants ; precious woods ; such as cedar, red- wood,
holly- wood, pine, and other woods, and some of ex-
treme hardness like ebony. In the freshets the
country for several hundred miles is laid under
water.
Ambacko, t. on the E. coast of Celebes, in Tello
bay. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat. 2° 20' S.
Ambala, t. Cochin, 20 m. N. E. Cranganore.
Ambalah, t. Hind, in the Delhi, belonging to the
Seiks.
Ambanivoules, people in the interior of Ma-
dagascar, at the foot of the Bamboo mountains.
They supply the inhabitants of the coast with pro-
visions.
Ambar, t. Asia, in Karasm, 30 m. S. Urkonje.
Ambares, t France, 4i m. fr. Bordeaux, dep.
of the Gironde.
Ambarpet, t. Hind, in Golconda, 7 m. E. Hydra-
bad.
Anibato, Assienfo, de, cap. of a district of the
same name in S. America, on the banks of a large
river. In 1698 it was destroyed by an eruption of
the volcano of Cotopaxi. It is in a fertile country
and has an extensive commerce. 54 m. fr. Quito.
Lon.780 25' E. Lat. P 14' W.
Ambato, r. S. America, in Quito, and runs with
a tremendous stream, and is passed by a strong
bridge braced with iron. It joins other rivei-s to
fqrm the Patate.
Ambazac, t. France, dep. of the Upper Vienne.
12 m. N. N. E. Limoges. Pop. 2,800.
Ambeer, ancient cap. of Jypore or Jyenaghur in
Hind. Lon. 75° 53' E. Lat 26° 48' N.
Ambelachia, Ambelakia, or Amphilochia, Grecian
V. in Thessaly, on the declivity of mount Ossa, and
on the right bank of the Peneus, between Larissa
and the ^gean sea. The number of dye-houses
for Turkish red yarn is 24, and the yearly export
over land to Germany, 2500 bales (about 7500
cwt.) of thread.
Ambeli, t. Hind, in Canara, 30 m. E. S. E. Man-
galore.
Ambenay, t. France, on the right bank of the
Riile, in the dep. of the Eure, 18 m. S. W. Ev-
reux. It has a considerable linen trade.
Amber, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 145 W. Albany.
Amber Bay, of Yucatan, in the bay of Hondu-
ras. Lon. 88° 50' W. Lat. 19° 42' N.
Amberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of Regen and
the seat of the court of appeal, on the Vils. Pop.
9,000. Here are an academy and lyceum, a hos-
pital, several religious houses, and a convent of
Buns, composed of ladies of noble families, who
maintain a public school for young girls. Also, a
castle, arsenal, government buildings, and for the
mint, one of the finest buildings in Germany. It
has manufactures of fire arms, earthen ware, to-
bacco, and iron, and a public repository for salt.
Pop. of the district, 13,339, exclusive of the town.
Amberg, Little. See Abcnberg.
Ambergrcase-Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras,
on tlie coast of Yucatan. Abounds withfresh wa-
ter lalfps ; is stocked with game, and produces
logwood, and other dye-woods. Lon. 88° 48' W.
Lat. 18° 50' X.
A M B
39
Amber ieu, or St. Germain d'Amberieux, t-
France, in the dep. of the Ain. Pop. 2,850. 20 m-
S. E. Bourg.
Amberi, t. France, on the Dore, dep. of the Puy-
de-Dome. It contains manufactures of woollen
stuffs, needles, thimbles, playing cards, and tape.
Its paperis the best in France. Its export before the
revolution was valued at 40,000/. Near here
are the gi-anite mountains, which separate
Auvei'gne from Forez. Pop. £,467. 27 m. E. Is-
soire.
Ambierte, t. France, in the Lyonnois. Pop.
2,000.
Ambil, one of the Philippine islands. Produces
wax and hemp. On it is a volcano.
Amblaww, or Belaw, one of the Molucca islands.
6 m. S. Bouro. Lon. 127° 0' E. Lat. 3° 55' S.
Ambleside, h Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Ambleleuse, t, France, dep. of Pas de Calais, 4
m. S. Boulogne.
Amboah, t. Bengal, 3 m. S. Culna.
Amboilambs. See Ancove.
Amboisa, s-p. of Madagascar, in Antongil bay.
Lon. 50° 5' E. Lat. 15° 30' S.
Amboise, t. France, at the confluence of the
Amasse and Loire. 15 m. E Tours. Pop. 5,660.
Ambon, t. France, dep. of the Morbihan, 9 m.
S. E. Vannes.
Amboon, t. and district. Hind. 30 m. W. Arcol,
108 W. S.W.Madras.
Amboong, t. on the N. W, coast of Borneo. Lon.
116° 24' E. Lat. 6° 16' N.
Amboton, one of the Philippine islands. Lon.
121° 8' E. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Amboul, or Emboul, v. cap. of Cayor, in W.
Africa, 70 m. N. E. Goree.
Ambour/uiy, t. France, between Lyons and Ge-
neva, 17 m. S. E. Bourg.
Ambay, or Perth Amboy, city, and p-t. Middle-
sex CO. N. J. on a point of land, at the union of
Raritan river with Arthur Kull Sound, 35 m. S.
W. New York, 74 N. E. Philadelphia. It has one
of the best harbors on the continent. Pop. 815.
Shipping in 1816, 10,899 tons.
Amboyna, isl. in the Eastern Se&, the chief of the
Molucca or Spice islands, all the others being de-
pendent on its jurisdiction. Itis between 50 and 60
miles in length. Pop. about 50,000. The clove
tree has been carefully cultivated here for centu-
ries. The cloves are collected tAvice a year : the
average quantity produced in the island exceeds
650,000 pounds ; in some years it amounts to a
million. It is a Missionary station, the most re-
mote of the stations in the Eastern Hemisphere ;
and contains churches, a seminary for educating
Native Teachers to take charge of schools, and a
printing press. 3230 m. S. E. Calcutta. Lon.
128° 15' E. Lat. 3° 40' S.
Ambm^na, t. and cap. of the above island, situ-
ated in the peninsula of Lctymor, on a bay whose
entrance is between two high and steep points,
about 6 miles asunder, and which penetrates
about 21 miles inland, gradually becoming nart
rower. At the site of the town it is two miles
across, with deep water. On the S. shore of the
bay, and in front of Amboyna, is Fort Vittoria.
mounting six pieces of cannon, and containing
several public offices. The town is regularly
built, in form of an oblong square, 300 rods long,
and 100 broad. Most of the houses consist of only
one story, on account of the frequent earthqunkrs.
Lon. 128° 15 E. Lat. 3° 4^ S.
40
A M E
A M E
Ambozes, three small islands near the mouths of
the river Camarones, on the coast of Benin, in
Africa. Lat. 4° 15' N.
Ambrarttly, r. Hind, rises 8 m. S. Coimbetoor,
and runs into the Cavery, 8 m. E. N. E. Caroor.
Ambrieres, t. France, dep. of Mayenne. Pop.
2,230. 6 m. N. Mayenne.
Ainbriz, r. of Congo, in Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic in lat. 7° S.
Airibrosis, a cluster of islands, near the coast of
Darieu. Lon. 77° 50' W. Lat. 8° 38' N.
Ambri/m, isl. in the Pacific, one of the New He-
brides. Lon. 168° 20' E Lat. 16° 15' S.
Amchitche, one of the Fox islands. 'Lon. 178°
14' E. Lat. 53° 22' N.
Amcod, t. Hind. 51 m. N. Surat.
Ameapah, t. Hind. 22 m. E. Tanjore.
Ameca,t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 40 m. S. W.
Guadakvxara.
Amednagur, country, Hind, bounded N. by Can-
deish and Malwa, W. by the Balaghaut mountains,
S. by Bejapour, and E. by Berar.
Amednagur, city, cap. of the above, at the foot
of the Balaghaut mountains, 63 m. N. E. Poonah,
105 N. N. W. Bejapour. Lon. 74° 52' E. Lat.
17° 6' N.
Amedjiour, t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 ra. S. Cuttack.
Ameenabad, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lat. 32° 10'
N. Lon. 73° E.
Am-Eis, t. Germany, in Carinthia, on the
Drave, 5 m. W. S. W. of Lavamund.
Amelia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 18
m. S. S. W. Spoleto. Lon. 12° 19' E. Lat. 42°
35' N.
Amelia, co. Va. Pop. 10,594. Slaves 7,186.
At the courthouse is a p-v. 58 m. S. W. Richmond.
Amelia, isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of E.
Florida., 7 leagues N. St. Augustine, at the mouth
of St Mary's river. Lat. 30° 28' N. It is 13 miles
long, and 2 broad. Chief town, Fernandiua.
Aimliasburg, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Can-
ada, on the bay of Quinti, S. W. Kingston.
Amendolaia, L Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 2 m.
W. Bova.
Amendolara, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 14 m.
N. E. Cassano.
Amenia, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. N. E.
Poughkecpsie. Pop. 3,073. Here is a marble
quarry.
Ameny, one of the Laccadive islands, in the In-
dian ocean. Lon. 72° 30' E. Lat. 1 1° 37' N.
Amer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. Gerona.
Amerga, r. Siberia, flows into the Aldan. Lon.
135° 14' E. Lat. 39° 25' N.
A^neria, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 72 m. E.
Kutayeh. Lon. 32° 14' E. Lat. 39° 25' N.
America, one of the four grand divisions of the
globe, bounded on the E. by the Atlantic, which
separates it from Europe and Africa, and on the
W. by the Pacific, which separates it from Asia.
Towards the N. its limits have not been discover-
ed. Towards the S. it terminates in a poijit call-
ed Cape Horn. It is more than 9000 miles long,
and on an average about 1500 broad, extending
from lat. 56° S. to beyond lat. 70° N. and from 55°
to 170° W. lon. and contains according to Hassel,
16,504,254 square miles. The population is com-
monly estimated at 35,000,000. America excels
the old world in the size and grandeur of its moun-
tains, lakes, and rivers. A range of mountains
runs from N. to S. through the whole length of the
continent, a distance of more than 11,000 miles :
beginning at the southern extremity of the conti-
nent, in lat. 54° S. extending along the western
coast, and terminating, it is supposed, in lat. 70°
N. on the Frozen ocean. America excels the old
world also in tlie abundance of precious metals.
More than nine-tenths of all the silver in the
world comes from the mines of Spanish America.
In the course of three centuries it is estimated
that they have yielded 316,000,000 lbs?, of pure
silver. This continent is divided by the isthmus
of Darien, into North and South America.
North America comprehends, I. British Amer-
ica : under which is included Nova Scotia, New-
Brunswick, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and
the island of Newfoundland. II. The United
States, III. The Spanish provinces of Mexico
and Guatimala. There are two great ranges of
mountains in N. America, the western and the
eastern. The western is part of the great Ameri-
can range, and runs from S. to N. through Guati-
mala, Mexico, the United States and British
America. The part of this range which is in
Mexico is called the Cordilleras of Mexico, and
the part N. of Mexico, the Rocky Mountains.
The eastern range is wholly within the United
States, and is called the Alleghany range. The
principal lakes in N. America are Ontario, Erie,
Huron, Superior, Michigan, Winnipeg, and
Slave lake. The principal rivers are Mackenzie's,
Nelson's, the St. Lawrence, the Mississippi, Red
river, Arkansaw, Missouri, Ohio, del Norte, Colo-
rado, and Columbia.
South America comprehends, I. The Spanish
provinces of New Gi'enada, Venezuela, Peru,
Chili, and Buenos Ayres. II. Guiana, belonging
to the English, Dutch, French, Spaniards, and
Poi'tuguese. III. Brazil, belonging to the Portu-
guese. IV. Patagonia, belonging to the Aborigi-
nes. The principal mountains are the Andes,
which run along the whole western coast, and are
a part of the great American range. The princi-
pal rivers are the Amazon, La Plata, and Oronoco.
America, t. and cap, Alexander co. Illinois, on
the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Missis-
sip])!. It is elevated above the floods of the river,
and the navigation to this place is almost unob-
structed.
Amerongen, t. Netherlands, 14 m. E. S. E.
Utrecht. Pop. 1,020.
Amerpore, t. Hind, on the N. W. side of Eay-
mutty river, 10 m. E. Mockwanpore. Lon. 85^
28' E. Lat. 27° 31' N.
Amerschia, or Amasia, desert of Arabia, in Hed-
jas, N. of Yemen.
Amersfort, or Amersfoord, the second town in
Utrecht, on the Eem, which is here navigjible. Its
inhabitants are employed in the tobacco trade,
manufacture of dimities, bombazeens, and other
stufi's, and glass ; and carry on an active commerce
in corn. It has communication by canals with the
principal towns in Holland. Pop. 8,584. 32 m.
S. S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 4' E. Lat. 52° P/
N. ■
Amersham, or Agmondesham, t. and bor. Eng.
Buckinghamshire. Cotton, sacking, and lace, are
its chief manufactures. Pop. 2,259. 26 m. N.
W. London.
Ames, t. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Athens.
Pop. 608.
Amesbury, or Ambresbury, t. Eng. Wiltshire, on
the Avon. It is the birth place of Addison.
Stonehenge is 2 miles W. of this town. It consists
of 2 circles, and two ovals which are concentric.
The outer circle is of 97 feet diameter, and was
AMI
AMP
41
ori°:inally compoJcd of 30 pillar?, 14 feet high, on
which were laid slabs 6 or 7 feet broad, and 3 or
4 thick ; 17 pillars and 6 slabs now remain. The
interior cii'cle was originally composed of 29 pil-
lars ; 9 of which remain. Of the ovals within the
circles, there remain two trilothons : stones placed
a.s the lintel of a door, which are 16 or 17 feet
high ; and a single pillar 22 feet high. Pop. 723.
6 m. from Salisbury.
Amesbwn/, t. Essex co. Mass. on the N. side of
the Merrimack, 6 m. W. N. W. Newburyport.
Pop. 1,890.
Amginskaia, v. and fort, Russia, on the Amga,
104 m.S. E. Yakutsk.
Amgong, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 20 m. E. Ou-
dighir.
Amhara, a general division of Abyssinia, com-
prehending the provinces W. of the Tacazze.
Amiiersi, t. Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on
Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La
Planch, Napan and Macon.
Amherst, p-t. and half shire, Hillsborough co.
N. H. 30 m. S. Concord, 48 N. W. Boston, 60 W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,5.54.
Amherst, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. N. E.
Northampton, 85 W. Boaton. Pop. 1,469. It has
a flourishing academy.
Amiierst, co. Va. on James r. Pop. 10,548.
Slaves, 2,207. At the courthouse is a p-v. 130 m.
W. Riclimond.
Amherst springs, p-v. Amherst co. Va. 124 m. W.
Richmond.
Amhtrstburg, or Maldeti, t. and cap. Essex co.
Upper Canada, on Detroit r. .3 m. above its en-
trance into Lake Erie, and 14 below Detroit. It
has about 150 houses, and a good harbor with an-
chorage in 3i fathoms.
Amianthus, v. Cyprus, near Pallandors. As-
bestos is found near it. The Romans wrapt the
dead bodies of their emperors in cloth made of it,
and burnt them to preserve their ashes.
Amice, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Cape
Delgado. Lat. 10° 35' S.
Amiculdungama, t. Hind, in Mysose, 12 m. N.
W. Bangalore.
Ainiens, formerly the chief town of Picardy,
and now the capital of the dep. of the Somme. It
is situated on the Somme, 14 leagues from the
sea. , Pop. 40,000. Serge, and other woollen
stuffs, are manufactured in the town and neigh-
bourhood. The definitive treaty of peace between
England and France, was signed here on 25th
March, 1802. 30 m. S. E. Abbeville.
Aminadab, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 6 m. N. Yez-
didkast.
Aminaigpollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m.
W. Trichinopoly.
Aminsio, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, 54 m.
N. Hornosand.
Amirabad, t. Bengal, 14 m. S. S. E. Islamabad.
Amirante Bay. See Almirante Bay.
Amissville, p-v. Culpepper co. Va. 86 m. W.
Washington.
Amite, co. Mississippi, on Amite r. Chief t.
Liberty. Pop. 4,750.
Amite, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iberville 40
m. above its entrance into lalce Maurepas. It
is navigable for boats nearly to its source.
Amitur, t. Hind, in Concan, 38 m. N. Gheriah.
Amity, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Amity, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
■ ^^n;7V Berks CO. Pa. Pop. 1,090.
IK
Amlah, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 28 m. S. W-
Amednagur.
Amlav, t. on E. coast of Panay, one of the
Phihppine islands. Lon. 122° 35' E. Lat. 11° 10' N.
Amliak, one of the Aleutian islands in the Pa-
cific. Lon. 187° 14' E. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Amlu'ich, s-p. Wales, in N. E. corner of Angle-
sey, which has arisen from the state of a poor fish-
ing town, in consequence of the opening of cop-
per mines in 1768. The town is inhabited almost
exclusively by miners and persons connected with
the mines. Pop. 4,629. 18 m. from Holyhead.
Ammah, in Sac. Geog. a hill near Gibeon.
Amman, t. Palestine, called Rabbah Amnion in
Scripture. It was the capital of the Ammonites,
and when besieged and captured by Joab, Uriah
was killed here. In profane history its name was
Philadelphia. 52 m. N. E. Jerusalem.
Ammaro. t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 40
m. S. W. Ofara.
Ammer, mountains in the S. part of Algiers.
Ammersee, lake, Bavaria, 18 m. S. W. Munich.
Ammerwcyer, Ammericeikr, or Ammeschiceir, t,
France, dep. of Upper Rhine, 4 m. N. W. Cclmar.
Ammonoosuck, Lower, r. N. H. rises in the White
Mountains, near the sources of the Merrimack,
and runs W. into the Connecticut at Bath.
Ammonoosuck Upper, r. N. H. runs into the Con-
necticut at Northumberland.
Amoas, v. Palestine, fonuerly named Emmaus,
and tlien Nicopolis. Tliere are two other villages
in Palestine of the same name, one near lake Ti-
berias, another supposed to be mentioned by St.
Luke. Amoas is often mistaken for the castle of
Emmam, whither Christ went afte» his resurrec-
tion. 22 m. from Jerusalem.
Amoeneburs, t. Upper Hesse. Pop. 1,050. 4 m.
N. N. E. Mentz.
Amoerang, t. on N. W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
124° 12' E. Lat. 0° 55' N.
Amol, Amul, or Amu, city, in Great Bukharia,
on the left bank of the Jihon, there called Amol,
150 m. W. Samarcand, 300 N. Herat. Lon. 60°
40' E. Lat. 39° 30' N.
Amol. See Amul.
Amond, r. Wales, falls into the Loughen.
Amora, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 120 m. S.
E. Bagdad.
Amorbach, or Amerbach, t. Germany, 20 m. N.
E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,500.
Amorgo, isl. in the Greek Archipelago. Lou.
25°50'E. Lat. 36° 53' N.
Amorgo Poulo, isl. in the Archipelago, 6 m. W.
Amorgo. Lon. 25° 44' W. Lat. 36° 45' N.
Amoria, t. A. Turliey, in Natolia, on the Saka-
ria, 50 m. S. W. Angora.
Amoskeag falls, in the Merrimac, 15 m. below
Concord, around which a canal is dug. The de-
scent is 48 feet 3 inches in the course of half a
mile.
Amofape, v. Peru, between Tumbez and Piura.
Lon. 80° 42' W. Lat; 4° 50' S.
Amoul, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 18 m. N. Dara-
porum.
Amoulee, t. Hind, in the Dooab.
Amoura, v. in Algiers, 160 m. S. of the city of
Algiers.
Amoy, r. runs into the Hiwassee, a S. branch of
Tennessee r.
Amayambo, t. S. America, in Tucuman.
Ampazita, t. Eu. Turkev, in Bessarabia, 35 m,
E. N. E. Galat/.
42
A M S
AMU
ing, V. on the Iser, in Bavaria, 15 m. S.
Dingelfingen.
Amphila Bay, in the Red sea, on the coast of
Abyssinia.
Ampkilochia. See Ambelachia.
Jimphipolis, in Sac. Geog. city of Macedonia,
on the confines of Thrace, and nearly surrounded
by the river Strymon.
Amplepuis, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 12 m.
E. S. E. Roanne. Pop. 3,300.
AmpthUl, t. Eng. Bedfordshire. Pop. 1,277, 12
ni. N. Dunstable.
Amptits, or Amptlilz, t. in Lower Lusatia, 5 m.
S. Guben.
Ampurias, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 58 m. N. E.
Barcelona. Pop. 2,200.
Amra, I. Hind, in Behar, 12 m. E. Noony.
Amm, V. Sweden, rises in Jamtland, and joins
the Ragunda, 17 m. E. Stugun.
Amran, t. Arabia, 20 m. N. W. Sana.
Amran, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon, 70° 35' E.
Lat. 22° 35' N.
Amretsir (the Pool of Immortality), t. Hind, in
Lahore, the chief place of religious worship of the
Seik nation. It is on the high road between Ca-
bul and Delhi, Cashmere and the Dekkan, and is
a great emporium of trade.
Amschelberg, t. Bohemia, 24 m. S. Pi'ague. Lon.
14° 2' 8" E. Lat. 40° 42' N.
Amsoing, v. in Luxemburg.
AmsteJ, r. Holland, runs tlirough the city of
Amsterdamj^nd discharges itself into tlie arm of
Zuyder Zee called the Wye.
Amstelveen, v. Holland, 6 m. S. Amsterdam.
Amsterdam, the largest, richest, and most popu-
lous city in the Netherlands, is on the arm of Zuy-
der Zee called the Y or Wye. In former ages it
was a simple village, meanly built, and inhabited
by fishermen. It was encompassed with walls and
other fortifications in 1482, and by successive ac-
cessions in size and population (particularly in the
years 1585, 1599, 1612, and 1658), became in the
17th century, one of the first trading cities of Eu-
rope. One great cause of its rapid progress was
the decay of Antwerp. The river Amstel divides
it into the Old or Eastern and the New or West-
ern Towns. From the marshy nature of the soil,
it has been necessary to build almost the whole
city on oaken piles driven into the ground. It is
intersected throughout by canals, which cut each
other in a thousand different ways. Several
streets are lined with trees, and form agreeable
promenades. On the land side it is defended by a
wall and regular bastions, with a broad and deep
ditch ; and by means of the sluices the whole ad-
joining country can be laid under water. To-
wards the sea it is provided with no fortifications ;
but the entrance to the ha.rbor is guarded by two
rows of piles, with openings for the admission of
vessels, which are shut at night. The stadthouse
stands on a foundation of 13,659 piles, in an open
square in the centre of the city. It is built of
freestone, (except the ground floor, which is
brick,) is 282 feet long, 235 broad, and, without
reckoning the tower, 116 high. Its interior is
adorped w;th marble, jasper, statues, paintings,
and other costly ornaments. Among the other edi-
fices, are the magnificent East and West India
houses, exchange, bank, admiralty, three weigh-
liouses, corn-exchange, and tower. In the old
church is a chapel, with windows of painted glass.
The new church contains the tombs of De Ruyter.
Bentink, and Vcftidel. The Jews possess splendid
synagogues. The principal public estabiishmeuit
are the arsenals and dock-yards, the academy,
grammar school, anatomical and surgical college,
the work-house, house of correction or rasp-huis,
orphan-house, hospital for old men, establisliment
for widows, lazaretto, lunatic asylum, the botanic
garden, &c. The exchange, so long famous in
the mercantile world, is a plain but stately fabric
of freestone, covered with tiles, and is in length
230 feet, and in breadth 130. It is fitted to con-
tain about 4,500 persons, and is daily resorted to
after midday by all concerned in exchange or oth-
er mercantile business. In former days it was
not uncommon to see 100 vessels enter the port
with the same tide, and there commonly lay to-
gether in the harbor 600 vessels and upwards. The
objects of this commerce were grain, wine, groce-
ries, spiceries, dye-stuffs, fish, Virginian and Bra-
zil tobacco, all Baltic merchandise, cotton, and
other productions from the Levant and Barbary ;
the products of Italy, Spain, France, and the
north of Europe; gold, silver, jewellery, and ali
kinds of colonial produce. In the town and ad-
joining country are manufactured all sorts of stuffs,
damasks, galoon lace, velvet, woollen cloths, car-
pets, and leather; there are also refineries of su-
gar, borax, camphire, cinnabar, sulphur, &c.
Its commerce declined during the 20 years that
preceded the general pacification of 1814. The
immediate causes were the war with England in
1780, the interior troubles in 1787, and above all,
the occupation of the country by the French, the
consequent war with England, and loss of the
Dutch colonies. It is doubtful if this city will
ever regain its former population and opulence,
now that the Scheldt is open, and Antwerp in the
enjoyment of that good government and wise reg-
ulations which formerly were found only in Hol-
land. The population in 1785 was 230,000, but
in 1812 below 200,000. It is 5 m, W. of the Zuy-
der Zee, 65 N. Antwerp, and 240 N. by E. Paris.
Lon. 4° 40' E. Lat. 52° 25' N.
Amsterdam, p-t. Montgomery co, N. Y. on Mo-
hawk r. 30 m. W. Albany. Pop. 3,039.
Amsterdam, isl. near N. W. coast of Ceylon. Lat.
9° 50' N.
Amsterdam Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. It
is 11 miles in circuit, 700 feet high, and has a very
fertile soil. The interior of the island is inacessi-
ble except by an entrance on tlie east. The whole
is of volcanic formation. Seals resort to the shore
in droves of 800 or 1000, and their capture has
been followed as a profitable adventure. Lon.
76° 54' E. Lat. 37° 47' S.
Amsterdam, JVew, the seat of government of
Berbice, in Guiana, is situated between the rivers
Berbice and Canje, near their confluence, 52 m.
S. S. E. Stabrook. Lon. 57° 15' W. Lat. 6° 20' N.
Amstoss, V. SAvitzerland, canton of Appenzel,
with a chapel erected in memory of the overthrow
of Frederick of Austria by the Swiss in 1405, 4 m.
S. W. Rheineck.
Amstotten, v. Austria; where the Austrians and
Russians were defeated by the French in 1805. 8
m. S. W. Ips.
Amtshitka, one of the Aleutian islands, about 60
miles long.
Amtssell, t. Wirtemberg, district of the lake of
Constance, 8 m. E. Ravensburg. Pop. 2,130.
Amuchta, one of the Aleutian islands, with a
volcano.
Amul, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Arasbei,
here crossed by a stone bridge. Here are the re-
ANA
A N C
4S
mains of a castle with thick brick walls ; a large
palace in the suburbs, of two stories ; and three
sepulchral towers : fire temples of the ancient Gu-
ebres. Pop. 800, who subsist by the culture of
vice and cotton, and by the iron forges and cannon
founderies in the neighbourhood. 120 m. E. N.
E. Casbin. Lon. 52° 15' E. Lat. 36° 40' N.
^mulrie, v. Scotland, iu Perthshire, 66 m. from
Edinburgh.
Amur,) r. Asia, rising in Chinese Tartary, in the
Kontaihan mountains, in 49° N. lat. and 109° E.
lon. and flowing into the sea of Okhotsk, in about
53° N. lat. opposite Saghalin, It is formed by the
confluence of the Argun and Schilka. Schilka is
formed by the union of the Onon and Ingoda. It
is called Schilka by the Tungoose; Saghalin Oula,
signifying the Black Mountain river, by the I'ar-
tars ; and Ghelon Kiangh, or the Dragon river,
by the Chinese. The Chinese keep a guard of
armed boats at its mouth, and are jealous of tlie
preservation of it.
Anmsco, t. Spain, in Leon, 1 0 m. N. Palencia.
Amuturi, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Cazanare, and enters the Orinoco on the N. side.
Amwell, V. Eng. in Hertfordshire. Here is
the source of the canal called New River, design-
ed to supply London with water, 21 m. N. Lon-
don, IS. W.Ware.
Amwell, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 16 m. N. Tren-
ton. Pop. 5,777.
Amwell, t. Washington co. Pa. S. W. Pittsburg.
Pop. 1,673.
Ana, t. Sweden, in Savolax, 80 m. N. N. E.
Nyslot.
Ana, or Anah, t. in the Arabian Irak, or pacha-
lic of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates.
Pop. 3,000. 260 m. E. Damascus, 220 S. E. Alep-
po. Lon. 41° 15' E. Lat. 34° N.
Anab, in Sac. Geog. t. in the hill country of Ju-
dah, S. of Jerusalem.
Ana Capri, t. on the Neapolitan island of Capri.
It stands in the middle of the island, nearly 2000
feet above the level of the sea. The ascent to
the town is by a staircase of 552 steps. See
Capri.
Anacur, or JVuachir, t. Syria, 6 m. N. Acre.
Anadyr, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Anadyr
in 64° 30' N. lat. 176° 30' E. lon.
Anadyrskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Anadyr. Lon.
165° 14' E. Lat. 66° 9' N.
Anagni, t. Italy, in the Slates of the Church,
r28 m. S. E. Rome.
Anahuac, Indian name of New Spain.
Anaia-tuba, t. Brazil, in Para, on the N. side of
Marajo isl. 20 m. E. Parana. Lat. 0° 12' S.
Anaklea, t. Abasia, at the efflux of Enguri river
into the Black sea.
Anakopia, t. Abasia, on the Black sea, 40 m. W.
(snagur. Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 43° 30' N.
Anak-Sungei, district, on the S. W. coast of Su-
matra. Its capital is Moco Moco.
Anamaboe. See Annamaboe.
Anambas, islands in the Chinese sea. Lon. 105°
56' E. Lat. 3° N. divided into Great, Little, and
«outh,
Anamooka. See Annamooka.
Anamsagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 20 m. W.
Moodgul. Lon. 7G° 32' E. Lat. 16° 17' N.
Anana, t. Spain, in Biscay, 16 m. S. S. W. Or-
duna,'
Ananes, 3 islands in the Grecian -irchinelago. 3
" jes S. AV, Milo isl.
t
Ananpour, t. Hind, in Bcdnore, 20 m. S. E.
Bednore, 120 N. W. Seringapatam.
Anantapooram, t. Hind, in Wandicotta, 63 m.
N, E. Cuddapali. Lon. 78° 6' E. Lat. 14° 41' N.
Anantapour, t. Hind. 13 m. E. Cuddapah.
Anantasagarun, t. Hind, in Golconda, 10 m. N.
W. Waremgole.
AnantasapUly, t. Hind. 18 m. W. Rajamundry,
Anantoor, t. Hind, in Barramaid, 12 m. N. W.
Darempoory.
Anantpour, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 85 m. N. E,
Chittledroog, 140 N. N. E. Seringapatam.
Ananuri, t. and fort, Georgia, in Sseristo, on
the Arkala, 40 m. N. N. W. Teflis.
Anapa, or Anapea, i. Circassia, on Sundjik bay.
in the Black sea, 70 m. E. S. E. Theodosia. Lon,
37° 10' E. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Anapapooly, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 22 m. N
W. Daraporum.
Anappes, t. France, on the Margue, dep. of the
North, 2 leagues from Lille. Pop. 2,000.
Anarghia, v. Mingrelia, 2 m. fr. the Black sea,
9 fr. Cotatis, and on the site of ancient Heraclea.
Lon. 41° 46' E. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Anarodgurra, t. Ceylon, 65 m. N. Candy.
Anatolia. See JVatolia.
Anattom, the most southern island of the New
Hebrides.
Anaurai-Pucu, r. Portuguese Guiana, falls into
the Amazon.
Anazarba. See Anzarba.
Anbar, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Euphratef,
35 m. W. Bagdad.
Anbar, t. Great Bukharia, 70m. S. S. W. Bulkh.
Lat. 36° N.
Anbord, t. Persia, in Khorasan, 150 m. N. E.
Mesched.
An^a, Point, on the coast of Chili, at the en-
trance of the river Valdivia,
Ancaon, t. Portugal, in Beira, 5 m. S. E. Coim-
bra.
Ancarano, t. of the popedom, in Ancuna. on the
Tronto, 6 m. S. Ascoli.
Ancaster, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, the Roman
Crocolana. 8 m. fr. Grantham.
Ancaster, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, S. W.
York.
Ancaye, territory of Madagascar, on the E.
coast. It abounds in cattle.
Ante, or Anst, t. France, on the Saone, in the
dep. of the Rhone, 4A leagues N. Lyons. Pop.
1,640.
Aiueaume. See Bourbon PAncy.
Ance, Grand, t. island of Martinique, on the N .
coast.
Ance, Grand, Bay, island of San Christobal ; al-
so the name of three bays in the Island of Guada-
loupe.
Ance, Petite, t. island of St. Domingo, 5 m. S.
Cape St. Fran9ois.
Ancenis, t. on the coast of France, dep. of the
Lower Loire. Its trade is in wood, corn, and
wine. 8 leagues N. E. Nantes. Pop. 3,295.
Ancerville, t. France, dep. of the Meusc, 4
leagues S. W. Bar. Pop. 2,200.
Ancerville, v. France, dep. of the Moselle, 4
leagues S. E. Metz.
Ancha, t. Georgia, in Saltabaso, 68 m. S. W,
Aghalzighe.
Anchediva. See Angediva.
Anchitty, ov Anchitlydurgnm, Englishfort, Hind,
in the Mysore, 25 m. fr. Coveriporam.
44
A N C
A N D
Ancholme, r. Eng. flows into the Humber.
Arichor Island, near the S. entrance of Dusky
bay, New Zealand. Lon. 166° 16' E. Lat. 45°
46' N.
Anchorites, islands off the N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon. 145° 15' E. Lat. 0° 45' S.
Anchor Point, N. W. coast of America, on the
E. side of Cook's inlet. Lon, 208° 48' E. Lat.
59° 39' N.
Anciaons, i. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 10
m. V/. Torre de Moncorvo.
Ancigne, v. France, dep. of the Deux-Sevres,
7 leagues S. S. E. Niort.
AncinaJe, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 7 m. S.
S. E. Squillace.
Ancisa de Moncorvo, t. in Tuscany, near the
Arno, 10 m. S. E. Florence.
Anckerlioltz, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia, 30 m. W.
N. W. Dantzic.
Anckun, t. Germany, adjoining Zerbst.
AncHffe, hamlet, Eng. Lancashire. Here is a
well, the vapour of which will take fire and burn
like spirits, the flame continuing a whole day in
calm weather. 2 m. fr. Wigan.
Anclin, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 4 m. fr. Palatia.
Anclote Point, California, lies in lon. 115° 11'
VV. lat. 29° 17' N.
Anco, t. Peru, in Huamanga. j^at. 13° 14' S.
Ancober, or Anliobra, r. Gold Coast of Africa,
runs between Ahantah and Apollonia, into the
sea.
Ancocus Creek, N. J. falls into the Delaware, 6
ra. S. W. Burlington. It is navigable 16 miles.
Ancon, el, t. Peru, on the coast, 20 m. N. Lima.
Ancon, gulf, S. America, in Quito. Lat. 1°
25' N.
Ancon, Cape, the N. point of Chiloe isl. in the
Pacific. Lon. 80° W. Lat. 42° S.
Ancona, La Marca d\ province of Italy, in the
Ecclesiastical state, lying betwfeen the Appennines
and the Adriatic sea, has the Marca di Fermo S.
and the duchy of Urbino N. It forms part of the
Papal province of La Marca, which comprises
besides it the Marca di Fermo, Urbino, and Fano.
The capital is Macerata.
Ancona, t. in the above province, on a point of
land projecting into the gulf of Venice. On one
of the moles in the harbor, is a triumphal arch
erected in honour of Trajan. It was declared a
free port in 1732, and became a rival of Venice.
The principal branches of its commerce are those
connected with agency and commission. Goods
from the north of Europe, are here exchanged for
the productions of Germany, Italy, Hungary,
Bosnia, and Turkey. The exports are grain,
wool, skins, silk, sail-cloth, ship-biscuits, soap,
alum, sulphur, and the fruits of tlie soutli. The
imports are, from England, tin, lead, herrings, and
camblets; from Holland, various raw materials,
sugar, cocoa, coffee, spices, and cloth ; from Rus-
sia, leather ; from Sweden, tar ; fi-om Bosnia and
Turkey, cotton ; and from Germany, iron. Here
is a sugar refinery, a manufactory of white paint
and lead, and a Eoap-work. Pop. 20,000. 116 m.
N. by E. Rome. Lon. 13° 35' E. Lat. 43° 36' N.
Ancona, r. S. part of Abyssinia, falls into the
Han?.zo.
Ancora, isl. on the coast of Brazil, in Rio Ja-
neiro.
Ancornymes, t. Peru, in Omasuyos, on the E.
shore of lake 'Titicaca, 70 m. N. N. \V. La Paz.
Ajuove, central district of Madagascar, E. of
the mountains. The inhabitants breed silk worm?,
cuitivctte cotton, and work mines of iron; and
deal largely in the slave trade. Pop. 25,000.
Ancram, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Ancram creek.
Here are extensive iron works. The ore is sup-
plied chiefly from Salisbuxy, Connecticut.
Ancre, Encre, or Albert, t. France, dep. of the
Somme. Pop._ 1,940. Here are presses for calico
and carpets, linen bleachfields, and a saltpetre
work. 5 leagues E. N. E. Amiens.
Ancritm, v. Scotland, Roxburgh co. on the Te-
viot. A battle was fought here in 1544 between
the Scots and English. Pop. 300. 3 m. fr. Jed-
burgh, 45 S. E. Edinburgh.
Ancy-le-Duc, t. France, dep. of the Saone and
Loire, 1 league N. Marcigny.
Ancy-le-Franc, t. France, dep. of the Yonne.
Pop. 1,240. 10 leagues E. Auxerre.
Ancy-le-Serveux, t. France, dep. of the Yonne,
H league fr. Tonnere.
Anny-sur-Moselle, t. France, dep. of th« Mo-
selle, 2i leagues S. W. Metz.
Andacollo, t. Chili, in Coquimbo, the seat of the
gold mines in the district.
Andahuailas, province, Peru, bordering on the
Andes, 24 leagues long, and 15 wide. It produ-
ces, wheat, maize, and fruits, and annually be-
tween 750,000 and 1,000,000 lbs. sugar. Pop.
12,000.
Andalause, s-p. Algiers, 15 m. W. Oran.
Andalusia, or Vandalusia, province, Spain, com-
prehending Seville, Cordova, Jaen, and Granada.
It is on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic at the
Straits of Gibraltai'. The principal rivers are the
Guadalquiver, navigable for large vessels to Se-
ville, and the Guadiana, which separates it from
Portugal. Its products are cattle, wool, oil, corn,
honey, silk, sugar, and wine. The mines yield
quicksilver, cinnabar and antimony. Pop. in
1787,738,153. Chief towns, Cadiz and Seville..
Andalusia, J^ew. See Guiana,
Andalusia, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Andaman, t. Fezzan, in Africa, 165 m. E. Mour-
zouk.
Andaman, Great, and Little, Islands, on the E.
side of the bay of Bengal. The length of the
Great Andaman is 150 m. its breadth from 18 to 30.
Little Andaman, 30 miles S. is 28 m. long, and
17 broad. Here are the banyan tree, tlie almond
tree, the oil tree, tall and affording oil, which is
extracted by filling an excavation of the trunk
with fire, the vine tree of extreme hardness ; a-
bundanceof fine shells, molluscas, and fish. Pop.
about 2,600. Lon. 92° E. Lat. 10° 32' 14" N.
Andumas, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 130 m. W. I—
pahau.
Andance, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche. Pop.
860. 7 leagues S. Vienne.
Andaye, t. France, in the Lower Pyrenees, 2i
leagues S. St. Jean de Luz.
Andechud, t. Bulkh, on the Jihon, 60 m. S. S.
W.Bulkh.
Andeer, t. Switzerland, in the Grisons, 8 m. S.
S. W. Tusis.
Andegan, or Ferganah, t. in Turkestan, capital
of the district of Ferganah, 210 m. N. N. E. ba-
marcand. Lon. 67° 30' E. Lat. 42° 18' N.
Andeljingen, t. Switzerland, in the canton pf
Zurich, on the Thur, 17 m. N. N. E. Zurich.
Pop. 2,000.
Andelis, t. Normandy, propei-ly consisting of
two, viz. the Great and Little Andeli, in the Ei^ije.
Pop. 5,256. 8 leagues S. E. Roden.
AND
A N I>
45
AtideUi/, r. France, falls into the Seme 9 m.
above Rouen. •
Andelspach^ r. Germany, runs into the Danube
near Scheer.
Anderab, t. Usbeck Tartary, 130 m. froai Bulkh.
Lon. 68° 40' E. Lat. 36° 3' N.
Andeiiecht, t. Netherlands, 3 m. S. W. Brussels.
Andermatt. See Ursertn.
Andcrnach, t. on the Rhine, in the grand duchy
of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. VV. Coblentz, 25 S.
3. E. Cologne. Pop. 2,020.
Andero, isl. gulf of Mexico, S. S. E. Cape Gra-
cios a Dios, Lat. 12° 30' N.
Andcfso7i, CO. East-Tennessee, on Clinch r. N.
VV. Knoxville. Chief t. Clinton. Pop. 3,959.
Slaves, 260.
Anderson, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,358.
Anderson'' s Island, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 167° 40' W. Lat. 63° 10' N.
Anderson' s-store, p-v. Caswell co. N. C. 56 m.
N. W. Raleigh.
Anderson's r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio below
Troy.
Andersonville, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C.
Andes, called by the Spaniards Cordillera de
ios Andes, an immense chain of mountains which,
under various names, runs through the whole
continent of America. They commence near the
straits of Magellan in lat. 54° S. and passing along
the coast of the Pacific ocean, through Patagonia,
Chili, Peru, and New Granada, cross the isthmus
of Darien into North America, where still pursu-
ing a northerly course, they pass through Guati-
mala. New Spain, the United States, and British
America, and terminate, it is supposed, on the Fro-
zen ocean, in lat. 70° N. In Chili they are about
120 miles in breadth. Various branches di-
verge from the main chain, in La Paz, Potosi,
and Tucuman, to the E. coniiecting the Andes of
Peru and Chili with tlie ridges of Brazil. In Pe-
ru the Andes are divided into three ridges, and
about the 6th° of S. lat. are united into a single
chain. They again divide, on entering Quito,
into two chains, and fart her N. from 2° to 5° N.
lat. into three. The E. ridge divides the valley
of the river Magdalena from the plains of Rio
Meta. The central cJiaiu, which divides the wa-
ters of the Rio Magdalena from those of Rio Cau-
ca, often attains the limits of perpetual snow.
The W. separates the valley of Cauca from the
coast of the Pacific ocean. Its highest elevation
■ is scarcely 5000 feet, and it sinks so low in its
progress N. that its course can scarcely be traced
inlo the isthmus of Darien. The three chains
are blended together in the 6th and 7th degrees of
N. lat. After passing the isthmus of Darien, the
Andes in Mexico are spread into vast plains, from
6000 to 8000 feet above the level of the sea, from
which insulated mountains, with A'olcanic sum-
mits, covered with perpetual snow, rise to the
height of 15,000, 16,000, and 17,000 feet. Seve-
ral oi the most elevated peaks of the Andes have
been scaled, and their heights accurately measur-
ed by Humboldt and M. Bonpland. According to
the observation? of these travellers, who ascended
to the height of 19,300 feet, Chimborazo rose 2,140
feet higher, making its total height to be 21,440
feet above the level of the sea. The volcano of
Antisana was found to be 19,150 feet high, and
that of Cotopaxi only 260 feet lower. The Andes
in the tropical regions, from their elevation, com-
prehend within a short space, eveiy variety of
temperature, and of the vegetable tribes. On
the declivity, from about 3000 to 5000 feet above
the level of the sea, there reigns perpetually a
soft spring temperature, which never varies more
than 7° or 9° of Fahrenheit. The limit of per-
petual congelation under the equator has been
fixed, by Humboldt, at 15,700 feet, and at 15,000
feet in the latitude of 20°. Between the tropics,
from the level of the sea to the height of from
3000 to 5000 feet, cassava, cacao, maize, plantains,
indigo, sugar, cotton, and coffee, are cultivated.
Between the altitudes of 6000 and 9000 feet lies
the climate best suited for the culture of all kinds
of European grain. Beyond the limit of 9000
feet large trees begin to disappear. The grasses
clothe the ground at an elevation of from 13,500
to 15,100 feet, and from tliis to the regions of ice
and snow, the only plant is the lichen, which cov-
ers the rocks, and seems even to penetrate under
the snow. The name Andes, is commonly applied
only to that part of the chain which is in South
America. The part in Mexico is called the Cor-
dilleras of Mexico, and the part N. of Mexico the
Rocky Mountains.
Andesage, t. France, dep. of the Lot and Ga-
ronne, 10 m. N. E. Agen.
Andezeion, or Dederzeion, t. in Galicia, 52 m.
S. S. W. Cracow.
Andgeh-Buru, cape on the N. coast of Natolia,
in the Black sea. Lon. 35° 22' E. Lat. 41° 27' N.
Andian, t. Great Bukharia, 15 m. N. Vashgerd.
Andicoila, t. Hind, in Malabar, 38 m. S. S. E.
Calicut. Lat 10° 54' N.
Andigiara, t. Great Bukharia, 120 hk W. Ba-
dakshan.
Andijaun. See Andegan.
Andijero, t. Persia, on the Persian gulf. Lon,
57° 12' E. Lat. 28° 28' N.
Andilla, t. Spain, 12 leagues fr. Valencia.
Andlau, t. Finance, in the Lower Rhine, 18 m.
S. S. W. Strasburg. Lon. 7° 30' E. Lat. 48° 24'
N. Pop. 2,184.
Ando, iil. in the North sea, near the coast of
Lapland. Lat. 68° 24' N.
Andony, r. W. Africa, falls into tine Atlantic iu
lat. 4° 30' N.
Andora, t. Genoa, 2 m. N. E. Oneglia.
Andmno, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. W. Vercclli,
15 N. N. E. Ivrea.
Andorre, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Urgel.
Andover, t. England, in Hants, 18 m. E. N. E.
Salisbuiy, 63 W. London. Pop. 3,295.
Andover, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Mer-
rimack 18 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,259.
Andover, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. S. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 957.
Andover, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 20 m. N. Boston ;
16 W. N. W. Salem ; 20 S. W. Newburyport. Pop.
3,164. Phillips' academy in this town is the most
flourishing academy in the state. Its funds amount
to more than 50,000 dollars. It had in 1820, a
principal, 3 assistants, and 140 students, pursuing
the study of the learned language?. A Theologic-
al Seminary Avas established here in 1808. It is
very richly endowed entirely by private bounty.
It lias 4 professors, and more than 100 students.
Two large biick buildings 4 stories high contain
students' rooms, and a third, 90 feet by 40, contains
the chapel, 3 lecture rooms, and the library fitted
with alcoves for 30,000 volume?, though the num-
ber of volumes at present does not exceed 5,000.
The academy ;uid the theological seminary aie
under the same board of 13 Trustees.
Andover, p-t, Tolland co. Conn. 15 m.E. Hartford.
4b
A N G
A N G
Andover, t. Sussex co. N. Y. 50 ui. N. Treuloiij
40 W. N. W. New- York.
Andoville, t. France, ia the Mayenne, 6 m. N.
Laval.
Andoyaco, t, Peru, in Lima, 32 m. S. E. Xauxa.
Andragiry, r. Sumatra, which falls into the sea
on Uie E. coast, in lat. 0° 30' S.
Andrapoura. See Indrapoura.
Andrastadt, or Andre, St. t. of the Austrian em-
pire, in Carinthia, 20 m. E. N. E. Clagenfurt, and
32 S. E. Mahran.
Andrea, t. W. Africa, on the Mesurado, 7 or 8
m. from its mouth.
Andreasberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, con-
taining mines of iron, cobalt, and silver. Pop.
3,350. 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar.
Andreneh, or Androna, t. S)nt'ia, 30 m. S. S. E.
Aleppo.
Andresy or Andepes, t. in Natolia, 60 m. E.
Angora.
J^ndreisfcaiff, bay on the coast of Siberia. Lon.
S6°14'E.Lat.76°20'N.
Andrew, r. W. Africa, falls into the sea, about
5° N. lat.
Andrewa, or Andre, a Tartar v. near the Rus-
sian government of Caucasus.
Andrew''s Bay, in the straits of Magellan, coast
of Patagonia.
Andria, t. Naples, in Bari, 5 m. W. S. W. Trani.
Andria, t. Asia, in Daghestan, 90 m. N. N. W.
Derbend.
Andrichoa, t, castle, and lordship in Galicia,
Androna. See Andreneh.
Androniga, t. Cyprus, 16 m. N. Famagosta.
Andros, ovAndro, one of the Cyclades islands, in
tlie Archipelago. Pop. 1-0,000, mostly Greeks.
The principal trade is in silk.
Andros, the capital of the above is in lon. 25°
2' E. lat. 37^46' N.
Androscoggin, r. rises in Umbagog lake. The
first part of its course is in New-Hampshire. Af-
ter entering Maine it runs S. E. and empties into
the Kennebeck, 18 miles from its mouth.
Andros Islands, or Isles del Espiritu Santo,
among the Bahamas. Lon. 77° to 78° 15' W. Lat.
from 24° to 25° 20' N.
Androwskala, fort on Mount Caucasus, 10 m. S.
S. E. Alexandrofsk.
Andrusa, t Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 20 m. N.
E. Naverin.
Anduse, t. France, in Cevennes, on the Garden,
20 m, N. W. Nismes. Pop. 5,000.
Anduxar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal-
quiver, 6 leagues from Jaen. Pop. 14,000.
Aned Del, t. Nubia, 45 m. S.Chiggre.
Anedour, t. Hind. 20 m. W. Madura.
Anegaday isl. W. Indies. Lon. 64° 22' W. Lat.
18° 46' N.
Anegada, bay, on the coast of Patagonia, at tlie
mouth of the Rio de los Sauces. Lat. 44° 45' S.
Anemur, cape and city of Caramania, in Asia
Minor, 120 m. S. Konich. Lon. 32° 30' E. Lat. 36°
15' N.
Aneri, t. Japan, in Niphon, 95 m. W. Meaco.
Anel, t. France, in the Eure and Loire, 8 m. N.
Dreux. Pop. 1,570.
Anet, V. Sv/itzerland, 17 m. W. N. W. Berne.
Anfant, t. Persia, 30 m. N. W. Zareng.
Anfelden^ t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. W. Anspach.
./Ingad, desert, Africa, between Algiers and
Morocco. Iiihabited by fierce and war-like Arabs.
Angamaly, t. in Cocliin, 35 m. E. Cranganore.
Angatole, t. Ceylon, 25 m, S. E. Colombo.
Angary isl. in the* Persian gulf, S. of Kishma isl.
Angara, r. Siberia, rises in lake Baikal, and
passing Irkutsk, falls into the Enissey.
Angara, t. Thibet, 20 m. N. N. W. Dharmsaleh.
Angaraes, province, Peru, watered by some ol
the head streams of the Apurimac. Its capital is
Guancavelica. Pop. 3,245.
Angasa, isl. in the Indian ocean, E. Madagas-
car. Lon. 58° 10' E. Lat. 17° S.
Angeac, t. France, 3 leagues W. S. W. Cognac.
Pop. 1,500.
Angee Gardien, parish, Cote-de-Beaupre seign-
iory. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 7.^
m.N. E. Quebec.
Angedira, isl. in the Indian sea, 44 m. S. Goa.
Lon. 74° E.Lat 14° 44'N.
Angel, r. Germany, runs into the Ems, near
Munster.
Angelana, t. Persia, in Irak, 25 m. N. Koom.
Angeles. See Pucbla de los Angeles.
Angelica, p-t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. on
Genesee r. S. E. Buffalo. Pop. 439.
Angeln or Anglen, disti*ict, Denmark, on the
E. coast of Sleswick, between the bay of Fleus-
burg and the river Schley.
Angelniemiy t. Russia, in Finland, 22 m. E. S.
E. Abo.
Angenila, isl. at the E. entrance of the straits of
Sunda. Lon. 106° 38' E. Lat. 5° 48' S.
Angenweely t. Hind, in Concan, 95 m. S. Bom-
bay.
Anger, t. Stiria, 12 m. N. N. E. Gratz.
Anger, t. Austria, 8 m. S. St. Polten.
Angerbach, r. Prussia, fails into the Havel, n.
Potsdam.
Angerburg, t. Prussia, 55 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Angeree Point, on N. coast of Java. Lon. 105°
47' E.
Angermann-Aa, r. Sweden, falls into the gulf of
Botlniia, at Hernosand. Lat. 62° 32' N.
Angermannland, district, Sweden, on the gulf of
Bothnia, bounded N. W. by Bothnia and Asele, or
Angermannlands-Lappmark, S. by Medelpad, and
W. by Jamtland.
Angenriunde, t. in the grand duchy of the Low-
er Rhine, 7 m. N. Dusseldorf.
Angermunde, t. Prussia, in Ucker Mark of Bran-
denburg, 40 m. N. Berlin.
Angers, city, France, cap. of the Maine and
Loire, on the Mayenne. Slate quarries, and
mines of iron and coal, are found in the neighbour-
hood. Here are manufactured, stamine, camlets,
seige, and otherstuffs, hats, and leather. 221eagues
W. Tours, and 30 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 28,927.
Angervitle, v. France, 9 leagues S. Versailles.
Angerville r Archer and Angerville la Martel, 2
towns. France, Lower Seine.
Angevan, t. Persia, in Irak, 60 m. S. S. E. Cas-
bin.
Anghiari, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tusca-
ny ; another, near the Adige.
Anghiera, t. Italy, on tlie Lago Maggiore, at the
egi-ess of the Ticino, 30 m. N. W. Milan.
Angira, t. Persia, 30 m. W. Schiraz.
Angistola, r. Naples, rises in Calabria Ultra,
and runs into the gulf of Eufemia, 8 m. N. Monte-
leone. Lon. 16° 28' E. Lat. 38° 47' N.
Angistri, isl. in the gulf of Engia, on the coast
of Greece. Lon. 23° 22' E. Lat 37° 41' N.
Anglade, t. France, 7 leagues N. Bordeaux.
Anglard, t. France, 12 leagues N. W. St. Flour.
Angle, t. France, 10 leagues E. S. E. Poitiers.
Angle, t. France, 4 leagues W. Lucon.
A N G
Angles, or Angle, t. France, 19 leagues W.
Moutpdicr. Fop. 2,560.
Anglesey, isl. and co. N. Wales, in the Irish sea,
separated from the mainland by Menai strait,
and containing 402 square miles. Its copper mines
formerly yielded from 40,000 to 80,000 tons year-
ly, employing- 1500 miners; 12 or 15 years ago 1000
miners were employed ; but in 1809 only 600.
Lead ore is found here ; and coal is obtained in
considerable quantity. Grain and cattle are the
chief products of Anglesey. 100,000 bushels of
grain are exported in favourable seasons. The
island contains 77 parishes, 7,183 houses, and
37,045 inhabitants comprised in 7,706 families,
of which 5,376 are occupied in agriculture, 1,453
in trade and manufactures.
Angksola, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. N. W
Cervera.
Anglesqiierille, t. France, 7i leagues N. Rouen.
AnglcU t. France, i league W. S. W. Bayonne.
Anglois, Cul de Sac, a secure harbour on the S.
E. of Martin ico island.
Anglona, t. Naj)les, in Basilicata.
Angol, city in Chili, on the Biobio, destroj-ed
by the incursions of the Araucanian Indians, 50
m. S. E. Concepcion.
Angola, usually described as a kingdom of W.
Africa, immediately S. of Congo, comprises, in
mercantile language, the whole coast, from Cape
Lopez Gonsalvo, to St. Phelipe de Benguela, or
fr. 1° to 12° S. lat. It is resorted to for slaves. At
St. Paul de Loango, 8^° S. lat. is the chief Portu-
guese establishment for supplying Brazil with ne-
groes. The number annually transported does
not fall short o/ 40,000.
Angora, Angura, or Ankora, city, A. Turkey,
in Natolia ; surrounded by mountains. Shawls
rivalling those of Cashmere are fabricated of the
hair of the Angora goat. It is long and of a silken
texture. The goat affords 200 or 300 drams of it,
and is shorn twice a-year. As the neighbouring
territory is more profitably employed in rearing
these animals, the city is supplied from a distance
with grain, but opium is extensively cultivated,
and a great quantity of honey and wax is obtained.
The population is variously estimated from 40,000
to 100,000. They consist of Mahometans and
Christians ; the latter have a Greek and Ar-
menian archbishop and 7 churches. 212 m. E.
S. E. Constantinople. Lon. 33° 18' E. Lat. 40°
4'N.
Angostura, t. S. America, in New Grenada, on
the Magdalena, 140 m. N. Santa Fee de Bogota.
Angoule, r. Syria, flowing into the lake of Anti-
och, 10 m. N. N. E. Antioch.
Angoulcme, city, France, on the Charente, 20
leagues N. N. E. Bordeaux. It is the capital of the
department of the Charente. Pop. 14,745. This
town gives the title of duke to a nephew of the
present king of France.
Angoumais, formerly a province of France, now
forming part of the departments of the Charente,
the "Charente Inferieur, the Dordogne, and the
Deux Sevres.
Angoutchu, t. Tibet, 10 m. S. Dharmsaleh.
Angoxa, r. in Mosambique, E. Africa, empties
in lat. 16° 30' S.
Angra, s-p. cap. Tercera, one of the Azores. It
is the residence of the Portuguese local govern-
ment. Lon. 27° 14' W. Lat. 38° 38' N.
Angra de los Reyes, citv, Brazil, in Rio Janeiro,
on a small bay. Lon. 44° 1 1' W. L^t. 23° 4' S.
A N I .
47'
Angrab, r. Abyssinia, rises near Gondar, and
falls into the Tacazze.
Angrie, t. France, in the Maine and Loire, 5
leagues W. N. W. Angers.
Angrogne, a commune in the valley of Lucerne,
in Piedmont, surrounded by lofty mountains, in
many places inaccessible. It was the last retreat
of the persecuted Waldenses.
Angstoo, t Tibet, 75 m. N. Jemlah.
Angucah, district, Abyssinia, on a river of the
same name, 50 m. E. Axum.
Aiiguiliasira, isl. in the Mediterrane3in,nearthe
E. coast of Sardinia. Lat. 40° 1' N,
Anguila, or Snake Island, the most N. of the
Caribbees, 10 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth.
Its productions are tobacco, maize, and sugar.
It is a flourishing Missionary station. Lat. 18° 12'N.
Anguilla, one of the Bahama islands. N, W. of
the island is the Anguilla Bank, or Cayos de los
Paques. Lon. 78° 50' 'W. Lat. 23° 36' N.
Anguillara, t. Italy, vicariate of Padua, near
the Adige. 6 m. N. N. E. Rovigo. Pop. 2,860.
Anguillara, v. Italy, at the outlet of Bracciano,
12 m. N. W, Rome.
Anguille, Cape, on the W. coast of Newfound-
land. Lat. 47° 57' N.
Angulty, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 32m. E Sera.
Angunciada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on tlie
Ebro, 8 m. N. Calzada.
Angus. See Forfar, Coujity of.
Angustrina, t. France, in the eastern Pyrenee?,
6 leagues S. E. Ax.
Anhalt, principality, Germany, bounded N. by
the Mark of Brandenburg, E. by the duchy of Sax-
ony, S. W. by the county of Mansfeld, and N. W.
by Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Magdeburg. It is
60 miles long and 12 to 16 broad ; containing 924
square miles, and 1 10,000 inhabitants. The coun-
try is level, and productive in corn, tobacco, and
fruits. Cattle and wood form the chief articles of
export. The religion is the Calvinist. The en-
tire revenue is at least 600,000 dollars, exclusive
of the possessions of the Dessau branch in Prussia,
Silesia, and other parts of Germany. The prin-
cipal proprietors of Anhalt, are the heads of the
houses of Bernburg, Dessau, and Kothen. Each
of the three princes has full sovereignty over his
respective domains.
Anhalt, isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, between
Lessoe and Zealand, surrounded by sand banks.
Lon. 11° 35' E. Lat. 56° 38' N.
Anholt, t. castle, and domain, Germany, be-
tween Munster, Cleves and Zutphen, on the Old
Yssel, and belonging to the house of Salm, now oc-
cupied by Prussia. 90 m. E. Nimeguen.
Anja, lake. Little Bukharia, 60 m. S. Hotun.
Aniane, or St. Benoil, t. France, in Herault, 5|
leagues W. by N. Montpelier.
Anian-Straits, between N. E. point of Asia, and
the N. W. point of America.
Anjar, t. Syria, between Aleppo and Alexan-
dria.
Anicul, t. Hind, in Mysore, 18 m. S. Banga-
lore.
Anjengo, t. and fort. Hind, in Travancore, at
the mouth of a broad and deep river, 70 m. from
Cape Comorin, 40 N. W. Travancore.
Anjier, v. on the N. coast of Java, on a bay, 78
m. W. Batavia.
Animally, or Animalaya, t. Hind. 18 S. Coimbe-
toor, 33 W. Daraporum," Law. 77° 3' E. Lat. IC^
41' N.
48
. A N N
ANT
Aninsky v. Russia, in Perm. Its copper-mine
produces yearly about 250 tons of copper.
Antoia, t. Naples 13 m. S. Nicotera.
Aiijoii, fbrmei'ly a province of France, now di-
vided among the departmemts of Loire, Interieure,
Vendee, Indre and Loire, Sarthe, lUe and Vilaine,
Mayenne, and Deux-Sevres.
Anisa, t. Arabia, 200 m. N. W. Jamama,
Anisi, t. Turkish Armenia, 40 m. E. Kars, 40
W. Erivan.
Aniva, or Tambaauora, bay at the S. extremity
of tlie island Saghalin. Lon. 144° 20' E. Lat.
46° 10' N.
Ankapilly, t. Hind^ 5 m. N. E. Cossimcotta.
Ankapilhj, t. Hind. 20 m. W. Rajamundry.
Anker, r.Eng. falls into the Tame, at Tarn worth,
in Warwickshire.
Ankerjield, v. Scotland, in Ross-shire, 4 m. S.
Tain.
Ajiklam, t. Germany, in Pomerania. Both iU
inland and maritime commerce are of considera-
ble importance. 36 m. S. S. E. Stralsund.
Ankun, t. Germany, in Anhtdt, near Zerbst.
Anlesi/, V. France, 6 league*- E. Nevers.
Anmantagoodi/, t. Hind, in JIarawar, 30 m. N.
Ramanadporum, and 60 S. Tanjore.
Annaburg, i. in the Prussian duchy of Saxony,
S. E. Wiilembcrg, 45 m. N. N. W. Dresden.
Armagh, v. Ireland, Cork co. 5 m. from Charle-
ville.
Annagh, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland, Lat. 53°
.58' N,
Annagh, isl. Ireland, in the Lough Conn, coun-
ty of Mayo, 8 m. from Killala.
Annagh JVan, or Annachnan, isl. on the S. W.
<:oast of Ireland, 22 m. W. Galway. Lon. 9° 38'
W. Lat. 53° 18' N.
Annagoondy, or Bijanagur, city. Hind, on the
N. bank of the Toombudra. Lon. 76° 34' E.
Lat 15° 1 4' N. SeeBisnagar.
Annalt, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Euphrates,
150 m. from Bagdad.
Annamaboc, t. Africa, on the Gold coast for-
merly a great market for the slave trade.
Annamooka, or Botlerdam, one of the Friendly
Islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 174° 31' W.
Lat. 20° 15' S.
Annan, bor. and s-p. Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan, 14 ra. fr. Dumfries, 56 S. Edin-
burgh. It has a good hai hour. Shipping 750 or
800 tons. Pop. 2,500.
Annan, r. Scotland, runs into the Solway frith.
Annandale, district, Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan.
Annapolis, city, Ann-Arundel co, Md. on the S.
bank of the Severn, 30 m. S. Baltimore, 40 E. N.
E. Washington. Pop. about 2,000. It is the seat
of the state government. Shipping in 1815, 2,553
tons.
Annapolis, r. Nova Scotia, runs into the bay of
Fundy. It is navigable for ships of any burthen
10 miles ; and 15 miles for those of 100 tons.
Annapolis, co. Nova Scotia, on Annapolis river.
Annapolis Royal, s-p. Nova Scotia, on the river
and bay of Annapolis. The port is one of the
finest in the world, fiom 5 to 18 fathoms deep, and
large enough to contain several hundred ships.
Lon. 65° 22' W. Lat. 44° 49' N.
Annboor, p-v. Maury co. Ten.
■ Ann-Amndel, co. Md. on the W. side of Chesa-
peake bay. Pop. 26,668. Chief t. Annapolis.
Annecy, cap. of the Savoyese duchy of Gene-
>*oi=, ond after <'hambprry, th^ largest toAvn of
Savoy. It is on Annecy lake, 30 m. S. Geneva.
Pop. 3,440. Lon. 5° 57' E. Lat. 45° 56' N.
Anneulin, v. France, dep of the North, 3 leagues
S. W. Lille. Pop. 1,500.
Annobon, isl. Africa, on the coast of Congo, 300
m. W. Cape Lopez. Lon. 5° 30' E. Lat. 1° 32' S.
A'nnondy, t. France, at the junction of the
Cauce and Deume, famous for its manufactures
of excellent paper. Pop. 5,800. 12^ leagues N.
Privas. Lon. 6° 50' E. Lat. 45° 15' N.
Annone, t. Piedmont, in the district of Alessan-
dria,'on the Tanaro.
Annof, t. France, dep. of the Lower Alp?.
Pop. 1,030. 8 leagues E. S. E. Digne. Lon. 6°
49' E. Lat. 48° 57' N.
Announah, or Annonay, t. Algiers, 32 m. E.
Constantina.
A?insburg, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. N.
W. Machias.
Annsrille, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 55 m. S. Rich-
mond.
Annmille, p-v. Alliens co. Ohio.
Annvnciada, Point, on W. coast of Africa. La^
15° 30' S.
Anaopshehr, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Gauges.
in lat. 28° 21' N.
Anover, v. Spain, 12 m. N. E. Toledo.
Ansauvillery v. Fi-ance, in Oise, 7 leagues N. E.
Beauvais.
Ansedonia, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tus-
cany.
Ansga, t. Asiatic Turkey, 55 m. N. N. W. Di-
arbekir.
Ansa, or Rocca d\'inso, fort, in Venice, 20 m. N.
N. W. Brescia.
Anson, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne-
bec, 12 m. N. W. Non-idgewock. Pop. 633.
Anson, co. N. C. on liie Yadkin, S. W. Raleigh.
Chief t. Wadesborough. Pop. 8,831. Slaves.
2,325. >
Anson's Bay, on W, coast of Norfolk island.
Anson's Island. See Bouka.
Anspach, or Oiwbzbach, formerly a principality
of Germany, but now mostly included in the cir-
cles of the Rezat, and the Upper Danube, in Ba-
varia.
Anspach, the capital of the circle of tlie Rezat,
in Bavaria, 30 m. S. W. Nuremberg. Lon, 10"'
33' E. Lat. 49° 12' N. Pop. 11,924.
Anstruther Wester, bor. parish, and s-p. Scot-
land, in Fifeshire, on the N. shore of- the frith of
Forth, 23 m. N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 393.
Anta. See Ahantah.
Antalia. See Satalia.
Antalo, t. Abyssinia, cap. of Eudeila, 67 m. S.
E. Adowa.
Antandro, i. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the gul,
of Adramiti, 12 m. S. Adramiti.
Antaralik Fiord, bav on W. coast of W. Green-
land. Lon. 49° 45 \\. Lat. 64° 40' N.
Antegnuto, t. Italy, 4 m. W. N. W. Brescia.
Antequera, t. Spain, 26 m. N. N. W. Malaga, 54
W. Granada. Pop. 13,000.
Antequera. See Oaxaca.
Anter, t. Arabian Irak, 8 m. S. S. W. Koma.
Anthony, Fort, Dutch settlement on the gold
coast of Guinea, on the W. extremity of Capp
Three Points, 25 m. E. Apollonia.
Anthony Cave''s Island, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 152° 50' E. Lat. 3° 10' S.
Anthony^s Kill, r. N. Y, empties into the Hut'
son from the W. 7 m. above the Moll:av^^k.
ANT
ANT
49
Anthony'' s Kose, a lofty promontory, on the E.
side of Hudson r. 52 m. N. New York.
Jlntibes, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean. It
is an important barrier on the side of Italy. Lon.
7°11'E.
AnticoU, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, in
the Campao;na di Roma.
Antieosti, isl. in the mouth of the St. Lawrence,
125 miles long, and 30 broad. It has no harbor ;
is uncultivated. Two persons appointed by gov-
ernment reside on it to assist those who may have
the misfortune to be wrecked on the desolate
coast. Lon. of the E. point, 62° 0' W. Lat. 49°
5'N.
Antigareahy isl. in the Indian sea, ncarthe coast
of Corcan, 30 m. N. Gheriah. Lon. 72° 58' E. Lat.
17° 10' N.
Antignana, t. Istria, 3 m. N. N. E. Pedena.
Antigua, isl. W. Indies, 50 m. in circumference,
and contains 59,838 acres, the greater part of
which is appropriated to the growth of sugar.
The other principal staples are cotton, wool, and
tobacco. The official value of the imports and
exports were, in 1809, imports, 198,121/.; exports,
216,000/. In 1810, imnorts, 285,458/.; exports,
182,392/. Pop. in 1817^ 2,102 whites, 438 free
blacks, and 31,452 slaves. It is the seat of ancient
and successful missionary establishments. Their
schools contained, at tlie last returns, 1,400 schol-
ars, and their efforts have effected a happy change
in the morals of the blacks and coloured people.
Lon. 61° 38' to 61° 53' W. Lat. 17° to 17° 12' N.
Antilibanos, mountains in Syria, being part of
the chain of Libanus.
Antilles, a name sometimes given to certain
islands in the West Indies. They are distinguish-
ed into Greater and Less. The Greater compre-
hend Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Porto Ri-
co; and the Less, Aruba, Curacoa, Bonair, Mar-
garetta, and others near tlae coast of S. America.
Antin, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 20 leagues
W. S. W. Toulouse.
Antina, Civita d\ t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra,
1 1 m. N. W. Sora, 25 S. Aquila.
Antioch, now called Antaki, or Antakie, by the
Turks, a city of Syria, on the S. bank of the
Orontes. It is surrounded by walls, inclosing a
space of more than a mile and a half in diameter.
It is governed by a mohassel, dependent on the
pacha of Aleppo. It is also the residence of a pa-
triarch of the Greek church. 50 m. W. Aleppo.
Pop. 18,150, of whom 15,000 are Mahometans,
3,000 Christians, and 150 Jews. Lon. 35° 17' E.
Lat. 36° 6' N.
Antioche, Pertuis d\ strait, W. coast of France,
separates the island of Oleron from those of Rhe
and Aix.
Antiochctta, t. A. Turkey, on the coast of Cara-
maaia, 88 m. S. Konieh. Lon. 32° 20' E. Lat.
36° 6' N.
Antioquia, province, New Granada, bounded
N. by Carthagena, S. by Popayan, E. by Santa
Fe, W. by Choco. It possesses gold mines. Its
capital is Santa Fc. Lon. 74° 30' W. Lat. 6° 50 'N.
Antiparos, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, be-
tween Paros and Siphanto. Here is a cavern or
grotto in the side of a rock, about 2 miles from the
shore, in height 60 yards, in width 120. Its sides
are crystallized marble, and present a splendid
scene when lighted up. 4 m. W. Paros. Lon. 25°
13' E. Lat. 37° 2' N.
Aniipatris, in Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of Pal-
esljine. between Joppa and Cssarea.
7
Anlipaxo, Anlipasso, or Antipacksu, isl. near
Corfu, included in the republic of the Ionian isles.
Aniipino, t. Russia, on Volga r.lOO m. S.Saratov.
Antipinsk, t, Russia, on the Volga, inhabited by
Cossacs of the Don, 100 m. S. Saratof.
Ajitipsera, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 2 m.
fr. Ipsera. Lon. 25° 33' E. Lat. 38° 42' N.
Antisana. a volcanic summit of the Andes, in
Quito, 19, 150 teet above the level of the sea.
Antisana, hamlet, in the Andes, 3,800 feetabove
Quito, and 13,500 feetabove the level of the sea:
the highest inhabited place on the globe.
Antivari, t, Albania, on the gulf of Venice, 38
ai. S. E. Ragusa. Lat. 42° 25' N.
Antlestorf, t. Austria, 6 m. E. Entzerstorff.
Antoing, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Scheldt, 4 m, fr. Tournay. Pop. 1,600.
Aiilon, or Test, r. Eng. rises 10 m. N. Andover,
and takes the name of Southampton water at Red-
bridge, which is retained until its discharge into
the sea at Spithead.
Antonew, t. Russia, in Minsk,16 m.S.S.E. Mozyr.
Ajitongil, bay, on the E. coast of Madagascar.
Anlonne, t. IVance, in Dordogne, on the lUe, 2
leagues fr. Perigeux.
Antony, t. France, noted for candle manufacto*
tories. Pop. 1,220. 2 leagues S. S. W. Paris.
Antraigucs, t. France, in Ardcche. Pop. 1,500.
4i leagues W. Pri\'^3.
Ant rain, t. France, dep. of the lUe and Vilaine.
Pop. 1,375. 9 leagues N. E, Reunes.
Antrain, t. France, in the Nievre, 4 leagues E.
Cosne.
Antriff, r. Hesse, flows into the Schwalm, at
Zell.
Antrim, maritime county of Ireland, in Ulster.
Its manufactures are linen yarn, white and brown
linen, wool, canvas, paper, and kelp. It has an
iron foundery, fisheries, and exports great quanti-
ties of butter. Chief towns, Antrim, and Belfast.
Pop. in 1812, 240,000.
Antrim, t. Ireland, in the above county, at the
N. end of Lough Neagh. Pop. 2,183. 12 m. N.
W. Belfast, 84 IV. Dublin.
Antrim, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 25 m. S.
W. Concord. Pop. 1,277.
Antrim, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,864.
Antrologo, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 11 m. N, E.
Venosa.
Antros, isl. on the W. coast of France, at the
mouth of the Garonne.
Antsha, t. Turkish Armenia, 25 m. N. N. E.
Ispira.
Anlsianacs, people, in the interior of Mada-
gascar.
Antwerp, city, Netherlands, in Brabant, on the
Scheldt. Its citadel is on the S. side of the town.
Its harbor is deep and commodious, capable of
containing 1000 vessels. Antwerp was formerly
the greatest place of trade in Europe, and had a
numerous population, but the policy of the Dutch
turned the trade to Amsterdam. It has an elegant
cathedral church, stadthouse, and exchange ; and
a vast warehouse for Baltic merchandise. In the
parish church of St. James are deposited the re-
mains of Rubens. The inhabitants are employed
in jewellery, sugar-refining, and linen-bleaching ;
in the manufacturing of cotton, lace, and carpet?.
Antwerp has repeatedly experienced the calami-
ties of war. In 1576 "it was plundered by the
Spaniards ; surrendered to the duke of Marlbo-
rough in 1706 ; the French took it in 1746, restor-
ed it to Austria at \ho peace of Aix-la-Chapelle:
50
APE
A P P
re-occupied it in 1794, and retained it during the
next 20 years. 22 m. N. Brussels, 22 fr. Ghent.
Lon. 4° 22' E. Lat. 51° 14' N. Pop. 6 1,800.
Antwerp, p-t. Jefferson cd.(N. Y.) N. E. Water-
town. Pop. 350.
Anui Bolsche, r. Siberia, runs into the Kolima,
'24 m. E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anui Snchoi, r. Siberia, runs into the Kolima,
27 m. E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anville, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. 17 m. fr. Harris-
burg. Pop. 2,601.
Anville Island, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N.
W. coast of America. Lon. 237° 3' £. Lat. 49°
30' N.
Anuiskaia, fort, A. Russia, 50 m. W. N. W. Bi-
isk. Lon. 83° 14' E. Lat. 52° N.
Anweiler, t. Bavaria, duchy of Deux- Fonts, on
the Queich, 6 m. from Landau. Pop. 1,800.
Ansa, r. Piedmont, joins the Tosa near Vo-
Anzarba, or Anazarba, t. A. Turkey, in Adana,
30 m. N. E. Adana, 30 W. S. W. Marasch. Lon.
35° 45' E. Lat. 37° 4' N.
Anzico, or Micocco, region in the interior of W.
Africa, behind Congo.
Ansuelos, r. Guatimala, runs E. into the Carib-
bean sea. Lon. 82° 50' W. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Anzuki, or Anzugiama, t. Japan, in Niphon, on
lake Meaco, 80 ra. jy. E. Meaco.
Aor, isl. off the E. coast of Malacca. Lon. 104°
35' E. Lat. 2° 25' N.
Aorte, t. France, in the Landes, 4 leagues S.
Dax.
Aosta, duch)-, in Piedmont, separated by the
Alps from Savoy and the Valais. Pop. 66,000.
Aosta, chief t. in the above duchy, on the Doria,
at the foot of the Alps, at the meeting of the great
commercial roads from Savoy and the Valais to
Piedmont. Pop. 5,550. 25 m. N. W. Ivrea, 150
N. N. W, Turin.
Aosta, t. Syria, near the sea, 35 m. S. Tripoli.
Aoakel. See Howakil.
Aouste, t. France, on the Drome, 6 leagues S.
Valence.
Aoiitos, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. W. N.
W. Burgos.
Aouz, t. Arabia Petraea, near the Red sea, 95
m. S. Calaat el Moilali.
Aot/ca, t, Spain, in Navarre, 10 m. N. MV. Pam-
peluna.
Aoys, or Aayz, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the
"Yrate, 10 m. N. W. Sanguesa.
Apalachian Mountains. See Alleghany Moun-
tains.
Apalachie, r. Georgia, the S. branch of the Oco-
nee, which it joins 4m. W. Greensboro'.
Apam. See Acron.
Apamea, or Degel, i. Persia, on the Tigi'is, 27
m. fr. Bagdad.
Apamea. Sec Hamah.
Apamis, t. Asiatic Turkey, ontlie Meander, 100
m. W. Eskihissar.
Apanormia, t. on the N. W. coast of Santorin,
6 m. N. N. W. Scaro. Lon. 25° 24' E. Lat. 36°
38' N.
./Ipassi, r. Circassia, runs into the Kuban, 75 m.
E. Taman.
Apasso, t. Mexico, 42 m. N. Mexico.
Apatshinsk, t. in Kamtscliatka, on the Bolschaia.
Apchon, t. France, inCantal, 12 m. N. St. Flour.
.Ipee, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
ocean, about 60 miles in cireuit. Loo. 108° 36' E.
Lat. 16° 42' &.
Apdbo, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia. Lon. 13^
50' E. Lat. 60° 28' N.
Apelche, or Apelscebuel, t. Netherlands, West
Friesland, 36 m. S. Leeuwarden.
Apenburg, t. in the Mark of Brandenbui^, 22
m. AV. Stendal. Pop. 380. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat.
52° 40' N.
Apennines. See Appennines.
Apenrade, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on an arm
of the Baltic. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 9° 26' E. Lat
55° 3' N.
Apfeldstadt, r. Saxony, falls into the Gera a'
Molsilorf.
Apkiom, or Afium-Kara-hissar, t. Natolia, on the
Marsyas,or Mindra, surrounded by walls, and de-
fended by a castle. Manufactures are carried on
here in woollen stuffs, particularly carpets ; also
in chintzes, and fire-arms; but the staple com-
modity is opium. A pacha of two tails reside?
here, and the town is the ordinary resort of the
caravans from Constantinople and Smyrna. Pop.
estimated at 60,000. 56 m. S. Kutayeh, 162 E.
Smyrna. Lon. 30° 26' E. Lat. 38° 46' N.
Apice, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 7 m.
E. S. E. Benevento.
Apiochania, r. of Peru, runs N, of La Paz, into
the Beni.
Aploga, t. in Wbidah, on the Slave coast of Af-
rica, near the Euphrates.
Apo, one of the Philippine island?, between
Mindoro and the Calamianes. Lon. 123° 10' E.
Lat. 9° 23' N. The Shoals extend 28 m. in length
from N. to S. and 8 in breadth. Lon. 120° 36' E.
Lat. 12° 27' N.
Apolabamba, pi-ovince, Peru, in La Paz, N. of
Larecaja, Pop, 30,000, chiefly civihzed Indians.
Chief t. St. Antonio de Aten.
Apolda, t. Germany, in the gi-and duchy of
Saxe-Weimar. It belongs to the university of
Jena. Here are extensive stocking Avorks, which
employ above 2,500 persons, who manufacture
vearly about 40,000 dozen pairs. Pop. 4,000. 40
m. S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 1 1° 30' E. Lat. 50° 56' N .
.-if/jo/^ma, in Sac. Geog. s-p. of Macedonia, S.
Amphipolis ; also a town of Illyria. •
Apollonia, kingdom, Africa, on the Gold coast,
comprehending the whole of the coast W. of the
river Ancobra. It stretches about 100 miles along:
the coast, and 20 inland. The coast is flat, has no
creeks or harbors, and the sea breaks with such
violen<^e as to render the approach dangerous.
Apoquinimink, creek, Newcastle co. Delaware,
runs into Delaware bay 2 m. below Reedy island.
Appalaches, Indians, 50 in number, on Bayou
Rapide.
Aposlola Thadcia, cape, on the E. coast of Si-
beria, at the W. end of the gulf of Anadyr. Lon .
178° 14' E. Lat. 63° N.
Aposloles, a mission of the Jesuits in Paraguay,
between the rivers Parana and Uraguay.
Apostoles, islands, in the strait of Magellan.
Lon. 75° 6' W. Lat. 52° 34' S.
Appalachia. See St. Marks.
Appalachicola, r. Floridn, is formed by the junc-
tion of Chatalioochee and Flint rivers, and empties
into St. George's Sound, the W, part of Apalachy
bay.
Appalachichola, t.East Florida, on the above riv-
er, 100 m. N. E. Pensacola.
Appanaig-Pollam, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 9 ra.
S. S. W. Darempoory.
Appeldooniy t. Dutch Guelderland, 13 m. N. W
Zutphcn. Pop. 2.670.
A P U
A R A
ApYuiimnes, a chain of mountains in Italy, which
legins near mount Appio, one of the maritime
Alps in the territory of Genoa, and after running
for a considerable way to the E. traverses Italy in
its whole length, from N. to S. When near the
end of its course, it separates into two branches,
ane of which advances S. E. to the Capo di Leu-
i-a, in the Terra di Otranto, and the other W. to
the strait of Messma,
Appenzell, canton, in the N. E. part of Switzer-
land, environed on all sides by that of St. Gall. It
contains 32G sq, miles, and 45,000 inhabitants.
It is divided into two parts, one of which is Cath-
olic, and the other Calviaist. Each of these di-
visions has its own constitution and magistrates,
and is entirely independent of the other. The
form of government is pure democracy.
jJppeiizeH, chief v. in the above canton, is on
*he Sitter, 40 m. E. Zurich. Pop. 3,000.
Apperille^ t. France, 7 leagues VV. S. W. Rouen.
Pop. 1,500.
Appiatio, t. Italy, in the Lombardo-Venetian
kingdom, 6 m. S. W. Como.
Appiduviischken, t. Prussia, 9 m. S. E. Gumbin-
iien.
Appignano, t. in Ancona, 18 m. S. S. W. An-
cona.
Appii Forum, in Sac. Geog. t. Italy, 50 m. S.
Rome.
Appin, district of Scotland, Argyle co. com-
prising a parish and town of tlie same name, and
the island of Lismore.
Appingadam, v» of the Netherlands, in Gronin-
gen. Pop. 1,600.
Appleby., bor. and t. Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Fop. 2, 160. 10 m. fr. Penrith.
Appledorc, s-p. Eng. Devonshire, on Barnstaple
bay, at the mouth of the Taw and Towridge, 2i
m. fr. Bideford.
Appielon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, united with
Widness. Pop. 1,204. 3 m. fr. Prescott.
Appletoiiy t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E.
Wiscasset, in which is Montville post-oflice. Pop.
316.
Applingtmiy t. and cap. Columbia co. Geo.
Appomafox, r. Va. a S. branch of James river,
empties at City point. There are falls at Peters-
burg, 12 miles above its mouth, around wl:iich
there is a canal, which has opened the navigation
for 80 miles above that city.
Appoy, t. Ardra, on the borders of Dahomey, in
Africa.
Appi-obaqice, or Approhack, r. S. America, in
Cayenne, enters the sea near Cape Orange.
Apremont, t. Finance, on the Vic, dep. of the
Vendee, 6 leagues N. Sables d'Oloime.
Aprey, v. Fr^mce, in the Upper Marne, 9
leagues S. Cliaumant.
Apricena., t. Naples, on Mount Gargano, in Ca-
pitanata. Pop. 3,640.
Aprigliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m.
S. E. Cosenza.
Aprio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the La-
lissa, 10 m. E. Trajanopolis.
Apsa, or Hapmla, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania,
18 m. S. E. Adrianople.
Apsheron. See Absharon,
Apt, t. France, on the Calavon, dep, of the
Vaucluse, 10 leagues N. Aix, and lO^E. Avignon.
Pop. 4,621.
Aplavantai, mountain of Chinese Mongolia, S.
of lake Konen.
Apui, r. Guiana, enters the Arvi.
Apulia, or Puglia, the name oi the country
comprised in the three Neapolitan provinces of
Bari, Otranto, and Capitanata, whicli extend
along the W. shore of the Adriatic. The great
wealth of the country lies in its pastures, those
belonging to the crown being so extensive as to
feed above a million oi sheop.
Apure, r. S. America, rises in New Granada, in
one of the ridges that diverge from the eastern
chain of the Andes, and after I'uuning in an east-
erly course for 500 miles, and receiving numer-
ous tributaries fr<5m Venezuela, falls by several
mouths into the Orinoco. The inhabitants of the
southern part of Venezuela, are induced, by the
easy means of conveyance afforded by this river,
to send their cofl'ee, cotton, and indigo, to Guiana,
instead of carrying them on the backs of mules to
Caraccas or to Porto Cabello.
Aquackanock, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 10 m. above
Newark, on Passaic r. Pop. 2,023. The Passaie
is navigable to this place for small boats.
Aqimfortc, settlement, on the E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 52° 33; W. Lat. 47° 5' N.
Aqiiamboe, kingdom, in tlie interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, separated from Aquapim, by the
Rio Vclta.
Aquapim, kingdom, in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, immediately behind Acra, and W.
of the Fantee countrj'^.
Aquaquati, r. Portobello, in New Granada, en-
ters the sea at the bay of Mandinga.
Aquelaon, one of the most easterly of the LaC"
cadive islands. Lon. 73° 26' E. Lat. 10° 44' N.
Aqueti, r. Quito, flows into the Ucayale.
Aqiii, or Aquila, t. Japan, in the S. part of Ni-
phon.
Aquia, p-t. Stafford co. Va. 42 m. S. W. Wash-
ington, 80 N. E. Richmond, on Ac^uia creek, which
empties into the Potomac. Here are extensive
quarries of free-stone, of which the Capitol and
President's house at \^'a3hington ore built.
Aqmavilro, r. Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs into
tlie gulf of Mexico, W. of the Alvarado. Lat..
18° 30' N.
Aquigiiy, t. France, near the conflux of the
Eure andlton, dep. of the Eure, 3 ni. fr. Lou-
viers. Pop. 1,500.
Aquila, ibl. off the E. coast of Minorca.
Aquila, city, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra. It was
once an important barrier fortress ; but the works
are all demolished, cxcejit a small fort. The
French troops forced its gates on the 16th Decem-
ber, 1798. Pop. 13,615. 50 m. N. E. Rome, 93
N. Naples.
Aquileia, t. in the Austrian dominions, formerly
one of the largest and strongest cities in the Ro-
man empire ; but now a common country town,
containing only a few scattered buildings. It is
now included in the Lombardo-Venetian king-
dom. 20 m. S. Friuli. Lon. 13° 25' E. Lat. 45°
51' N.
Aqtiin, t St. Domiingo, 46 m. W. Jaquemel.
Aquire, r. Guiana, enters the Orinoco at its?
widest mouth.
Ara, r. Spain, in Catalonia, rises in the Pyren-
ees, and falls into the Segre. Another in Arragon,
runs into the Cinca at Ainsa.
Araba, r. Pei-sia, flows into the Arabian sea.
Lon. Qo° 40' E. Lat. 25° 30' N.
Araban, t. A. Turkey, in Orfa, on the Khabur,
76 m. S. E. Orfa. Lon. 40° E. Lat. 36° 20' N.
Arabat, t. Russia, on the N. E. of the Crimeji.
60m,S.E.Perckop.
52
A R A
A R A
Arahazari, A. Turkey, in Caramauia, lb ni. JS'.
E. Alamek.
Arab-HLisar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 38 m.
N. W. Mogla.
Arabia,) an extensive country in the S. W. of
Asia, bounded S. by the Indian ocean, W. by the
Red sea, E. by the gulf of Persia, and N. by Syr-
ia and the river Euphrates : Length from the N.
E. extremity on this river to Cape Babelmandel,
1500 miles : Breadth on the southern coast, from
the mouth of the Red sea to the Persian gulfj 1200
miles ; between Bassorah and Suez, 900. The
whole interior is an immense desert of burning
sands, interspersed with some few fertile spots,
•which appear like islands in a desolate ocean. A
hot and pestiferous wind called the Simoom, fre-
quently blows over the desert, and instantly suffo-
cates the unwary traveller ; and whole caravans
are sometimes buried by moving clouds of sand
raised by the wind. The edges of the country on
the sea coast contain some flourishing provinces
and settlements ; but in all parts they suffer for
want of water, there being no river of any conse-
quence in all Arabia, and no rain for months, and
sometimes a year, together. Arabia is commonly
divided into three parts ; Arabia Felix, or Happy
Arabia, bordering on the Persian gulf, the Indian
ocean and the southern part of the Red sea ; Ara-
bia Petroea, or Stony Arabia, lying on the Red
sea north of Arabia Felix ; and Arabia Dtserta, or
tlie Desert, including all the interior and northern
parts of the country. Among the Arabians these
names are not known : that which we call Arabia
Deserta, they call Nedsjed ; Arabia Petroea is de-
nominated Hedjas ; and Arabia Felix is divided
into the kingdoms of Yemen, Iladramaut, Om-
mon and Lasha, All the tovms are near the coast.
The principal are Mecca, the birth-place of Ma-
homet, Medina, which contains the tomb of Ma-
homet, Jidda, Mocha, Sana, and Mascat, The
Arabic language is one of the most extensively
diflused in the world. It is spoken not only in
Arabia, but in Syria, Persia, Tartary, part of In-
dia, and of China, half of Africa, all the sea coast
of the Mediterranean, and Turkey. The religion
is Mahoraetanism. The Arabs of the desert are
called Bedouins. They are a roving, lawless
race of robbers, who traverse the country in troops
on horseback, and plunder travellers and cara-
vans ; yet they have some noble qualities. They
are hospitable and generous, and if a Bedouin
Arab consents to eat bread and salt with a guest,
he would not for the world betray him. Arabia
is governed by numerous petty chiefs called
imams, emirs, or sheiks, most of whom are elected
by the people, and must consult them in all impor-
tant transactions. The Arabs are a people of
\ great spirit and valor, and resolute in defence of
their liberty. They alone of all Asiatic nations
have never been subdued. The most remarkable
animal is the camel, whicii is wonderfully fitted by
Providence for traversing the hot and pa,rched
desert. He can travel 6 or 8 days without water,
and usually carries 800 pounds upon his back,
which is not taken off during liis journey. When
weary he kneels down to rest, and sleeps with his
joad upon his back. His feet are made of a hard
fleshy substance, well fitted to resist the heat of
the sands. — The Arabian horses are the best in the
world. They are swift yet docile, and Avill live
•whole days without food, and bear incredible fa-
tigue. The inland trade of Arabia as well as of
Vrnb, Turkey, Taiiary. and Africa, is carriedon
principally by caravans, consisting of large com^
paiiies of merchants, travellers and pilgrims, who
march with their camels over the sandy deserts.
They carry their provisions and drink with them.
Their water is carried in skins by the camels.
They go armed, and travel in company to defend
themselves from the wandering Arabs.
Arabian Sea, the ancient Erijthrtean Sea, he^
tween the Persian gulf and the Indian ocean ;
bounded N. by Persia, E. by Hindoostan, S. by the
Indian ocean, and W. by Arabia.
Arabian Islands, 2 small islands in the Mediter-
ranean, near the coast of Egypt, 7 m. S. W. Alex-
andria, Lon. 30° 6' E. Lat. 31° 7' N.
Arabkir, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on a branch of
the Euphrates, 100 m. E. Sivas, 80 S. W. Erze-
rum.
Arabog, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, Lat. 22°
31' N.
Aracari, t. S. America, on the Rio Negro. Lat.-
26° 20' S.
Aracati-Assu, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 41° 16' W. Lat. 3° 5' S.
Aracati-Merim, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 41° 16' W. Lat. 3° r S.
Aracaij, or A racas, r. enters the Orinoco opposite
Ciudad Real.
Aracena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, in the Sierra
Morena, 30 m. N. N. W. Seville.
Arachova, t. Eu, Turkey, in Livudia, 6 m. N.
Salona.
Aracka. See Herakli.
Araco, r. Chili, runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat;
27° 9' S.
Arad-Varmegye, county, Hungary, 48 m. long,
and from 9 to 14 broad. It has 6 market towns,
41 villages, 6 Catholic, and 42 Greek parishes.
Pop. in 1787, with the coimty of Sarand, 152,930.
Arad, Old, t. Hungary, on the Marosch, cap. of
Arad county. Near it is the castle of Arad, now
in ruins. Here is held the chief cattle market in
the kingdom, which is frequented by drovers from
\'ienna, and other parts of Germany. 24 m. N.
Temeswar, and 195 S. E. Presburg,
Arad, Jfew, is also on the Marosch, about 2i
m, from the old town, on the opposite side of the
river, Lon. 21° 3' E. Lat. 46° 1 1' N.
Arad, or Ennebbi SalcEchh, one of the Bahhrein
islands, in the gulf of Persia,
Aradi, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 10 m. N. W.
Katsamoni.
Arafat Mount, Arabia, 15 m. S, E, Mecca,
held in veneration by the Mahometans, and one
principal object of their pilgrimages to that city.
Arafaxa, t. Sweden, in West Bothnia, on the
Tornea, 32 m. N. Tornea.
Aragua, t. South America, in Cumana. Also a
river of Paraguay.
Araguaia, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Toccan-
tins.
Araguaya, r. Brazil, separates the province of
Matto Grosso from that of Goiaz, and runs into
the Toocantins in lat. 6° S,
Araguita^ Santo Domingo de, t, S. America, in
Cumana, 3 leagues S. E, New Barcelona,
Aragwi, the Arragon of the ancients, r, Geor-
gia, falls into the Kur near Teflis,
Arahal, v. Spain, in Andalusia, 27 m. E. N, E, .
Seville.
Araiche, d, or Larache, s-p. Morocco, at the
mouth of the river El Kos. It was formerly a
town of considerable trade, but in 1780 the empe-
ror Seedy Mahomed issued orders for all Europe^
A R A
ans to quit the town, and it has ever since remain-
ed shut against them. The empei-or's larger vessels
generally winter here. Pop. 3,000. Lat.35° ll'N.
Araketry, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m. fr. Seringa-
patam.
Aral, lal<e, in independent Tartary, about 150
j m. long and 60 broad. The water is salt, and it
! receives many rivers, one of which is the Oxus,
after a coarse of 950 miles. It has no communi-
cation with the sea, yet does not overflow its
! banlis.
j Aram, t. Arabia, 38 m. N. E. Chamir.
I Aramaghaneh, t. Persia, with a fort, in Azerbi-
I Jan.
j Aramascheva, t. Siberia, 90 m. S. Tobolsk.
Aramits, t. S. iVance, in the Lower Pyrenees.
Pop. 1,050. 9 leagues S. W- Pau.
Aramo, t. and fort, Chili, near the Pacific, 30
m. S. La Conception.
Aramont, t. France, on the Rhone. Pop. 2,200.
I in the Card, 5^ leagues E. by N. of Nismes.
I Arampali, t. Hind, in Madura, formerly cele-
brated lor its manufactures, employing 2000
looms.
Aran, t. Persia, in Irak, 100 m. N. Ispahan,
i Aranas, r. Spain, runs into the Agra, 2 m. below
Pampeluna.
Arance, v. France, in the Ain, 7 leagues S, E.
Bourg.
[ Aranda de Duero, t. on the Duero, Spain, in
Burgos, 35 m. S. Burgos, and 90 N. Madrid. Pop.
3,50a. ' « ' ^
I Aranda de Ebro, t. and castle, Spain, in Arra-
gon, on the Xalon, 19 m. N. W. Calatayud.
Arandon, v. France, in the Isere, 14 leagues N.
i by E. Grenoble.
j Arandore, t. Ceylon, 22 m. S. S, W. Candy.
i Arang, t. on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116°
I 30'E.Lat. 10.33'S.
j Aranha, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 12 m. N.
JC. Leyria.
j Aranjues, i. and royal palace, Spain, on the
! Tagus, 30 m. S. Madrid. During part of the
j'ear it is the residence of the court. The town is
I built in conformity to a model laid down by gov-
j frnment, who make over lots of ground to those
I "vv^ho undertake to build according to the prescri-
I bed plan. Broad and parallel streets, with fine
' pavements, intersect each other at right angles.
I The houses are two stories high, painted white,
[ \vith green doors and window-shutters, and double
! rows of trees planted before them. The high
j road from Aranjuez to Madrid is constructad on
! the model of the ancient Roman roads, and each
I iiile is said to have cost 33,250 1, sterling. Pop. of
! trie town during the residence of the court, about
10,000.
Arannos, t. in Spanish Navarre, 9 m. from St.
i^stevan.
Aranta, port in Peru, 60 m. S. W. Arequipa.
Aranyos, Great and Little, two rivers in Tran-
■ aylvania, unite at St. Kirati, and flow into the
j Marosch, above St. Emmerick.
1 Araparipucu, t. Brazil, on an arm of the Am-
I azon, 170 m. W. S. W. Para.
Arapecuma, r. Guiana, runs S. into the Ama-
! zon near the strait of Paxis.
Arapijo, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Amazon, 18
iiu W. S. W. Curupu.
Arapucu, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Amazon
at its mouth.
Araques, t. Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. N. N. W.
Jaca.
A R A
53
Araquil, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13 m. W. Pam-
peluna.
Ararat, a lofty mountain of Armenia, 60 m. S.
E. Erivan. It is venerated by the Armenians,
from a belief that Noah's ark rested on it. Height
9,500 feet.
Ararat, or Pilot Mt. N. 6. on the N. side of
Yadkin r. near Salem. It rises like a pyramid,
several thousand feet high, with an area of an
acre at the top,from which it shoots up like a steeple
300 feet high, and 100 in diameter at the base, and
terminates in a flat surface. It is seen at 70 mileS
distance ; and served the Indians tor a beacon or
pilot in their routes.
Arari, r. Brazil, in Para, runs S. into the At-
lantic, opposite the island of Tamarca.
Arariba, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Pernam-
buco.
Aras, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 50 m. N.
Schamaghie, 130 m. S. S. E. Teflis.
Aras, r. Asia, rises in Armenia, 20 m. S. of Er-
zerum, and joins the Kur, in about 48° 30' E. lon.
40° 5' N. lat. 50 m. from the Caspian sea.
Arasa, mountain, Arabia, in Hedsjas, S. E.
Mecca.
Araseng, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Casbin.
Arassie, t. Italy, in the territory of Genoa, now-
belonging to Piedmont. Here travellers hire ves-
sels for diflerent ports of Italy. 5 m. S. W. Alben-
ga. Lat. 44° 4' N.
Arathapescow. See Atkapescow.
Araticu, r. Para, in Brazil, flows into the Ama-
zon at its mouth.
Aratura, r. S. America, rises in the mountains'
of Itamaca, and enters the mouth of the Orinoco,
on the S. bank. It is navigable about 10 leagues.
Aran, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau,
on the Aarau. It has manufactures of linen, cot-
ton, and silk. It has been commonly chosen for
the general assembly of the protestant cantons,
and was at diflerent times the seat of the Helvetic
government. 30 m. N. N. E. Berne. Pop. 2,000.
Aravacourchy. See Arrivacourchy.
Arauca, r. in Caraccas, S. America, falls into
the Apure r. near its junction with the Orinoco.
Aravcanians, a barbarous nation of Indians in
Chili, Avho inhabit the country between the riv-
ers Biobio and Valdivia, and between the Andes
and sea, extending from 36° 44' to 39° 50' of S. lat.
They are enthusiastically attached to their inde-
pendence, and are the implacable enemies of the
Spaniards, who have never been able to subject
them. For two centuries a succession of wars hae
been carried on between them and the Spaniards,
interrupted only by occasional treaties.
Aravifa, t. Spain, 40 m. E. Cordova.
Araure, city, S. America, in Venezuela, on the
Acarigua, N. N. E. Truxillo.
Arawari, r. S. America, in Guiana, falls into the
Atlantic. By the peace of 1801, it was made the
boundary between French and Portuguese Gui-
ana.
Arawill, t. Hind, in Candeiiih, 6 m. S. E. Chu-
prah.
Araxa, r. Spain, runs into the Orio at Tolosa.
Araxi, r. Brazil, in Paraiba, flows into theMon-
gagnaba.
Aray, or Aoreidh, r. Scotland, Argyle co. falls
into the sea at the head of Loch Fyne.
Araya, Santiaga de, point, on the coast of Cu-
mana, S. America, where there are salt works.
Lon 64° 20' W.
.^ram, r. Pern, ri?e'-> in the Andes of Cuchoa, in
54
ARC
Pomabamba, and fulls by various mouUis into the
Amazon.
Arbaejv^ t. Arabia, 12 m. N. Zebid.
Arbe, or Arba^ isl. in the gulf of Quai-noro, in
the Adriatic, about 30 m. in circuit. Pop. 4,()00.
Arba, the chief town, contains 1,400 inhabitants.
Arbeca, i. and castle, Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m.
E. Lerida.
Arbegen, t. Transylvania, 7 m. N. Stoltzenberg.
Arbestaal, t. Austria, 3 m. N. Brug-g.
Arbica, t. Spain, in Navarre, 30 m. W. N. W,
Pampeluna.
Arbil. See Erbil.
Arbirlot, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. on the sea-
coast. Its mineral well is resorted to successfully
in rheumatic and scorbutic cases. Pop. 1,014.
Arbis., V. France, in the Gironde, 7 leagues S.
E. Bordeaux,
Arboga, t. Sweden, in Westmannland. Pop.
1,200. It stands on a navigable river, and a ca-
nal connects it with Stockholm, and with Orebro.
The chief objects of trade are saddlery and iron.
65 m. W. Stockholm.
Arbois, t. France ; the birth-place of Piche-
gru. 7 leagues N. E. Lons-le-Saulnier. Lon. 3°
51' E. Lat. 46° 54' N. Pop. 6,420.
Arboktes, Cienega de los, port, S. America, in
Carthagena.
Arbon, t. Swiss canton of Thuipiu, on the lake
Constance, the capital of a district. 7 ni. N. St.
Gall.
Arbone, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas. 100 m. N. W.
Mecca.
Arboreda del N'orte, 2 isls. on the coast of Bra-
zil ; one is in the province of Rey, N. Santa Cata-
lina.
Arbos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 leagues from
Tarragona.
Arboucave, t. France, in the Landes, 12 m. S.
E. St. Sever, 13 E. N. E. Orthez.
Arbra, t. Sweden, in Helsingland, 24 m. N. W.
Soderhamm.
Arbresk, or La Bresle, t. France, at the junction
ofthe Jardine and Brevenne, 8 m. from Lyons.
Pop. 870.
Arbroath. See Aberbrol/iock.
Area, t A. Turkey, in Marasch, 20 m. W. Ma-
latia.
Arcabey, t. W. coast St. Domingo, 16 m. N. Cul
de Sac.
Arcadia, in Greece, a mountainous province in
theMorea, celebrated in ancient song as the seat
of pastoral innocence and happiness. The present
town of Arcadia is in the Morca, 40 m. N. W.
Misitra. Lon. 21° 34' E. Lat. 37° 22' N.
Arcanaio, t. Italy, 18 m. W. Milan.
Arcano, t. Italy, in Friuli, 11m. W. Udina.
Areas, isl. one of the archipelago ofthe Bissagos,
near the mouth of the llio Grande, on the VV.
coast of Africa. Lon. 14° 4' W. Lat. 11° 8' N.
Areas, islands or rocks near the coast of Yuca-
tan, in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 92° 24' W. Lat.
20° 12' N.
Arcasson, bay on theS. W. coast of France, in
the Gironde.
Arceles, t. France, in the Eastern Pyrenees, 12
m. S. E. Perpignan.
Arc-en-Barrois, t. France, on the Saugean, in
Marne. Pop. 1,770. 4i leagues S. W. Chau-
mont.
Arces, t. France^ in the Lower Charentc. 6
leagues S. W. Saintes.
ARC
Arch, v. in the Swiss canton of Berne. Lon-
10° 47' E. Lat. 45° 53' N.
Archaivra, or Fivagoe, t. on the coast of Hindos-
Stan, 30 m. S. Severndroog.
Archangel, or Arc/iangelskoe, government in the
northern part of Russia, it lies under an inclem-
ent sky, where the summer is short, and the win-
ter of uncommon severity. In the northern parts,
the ground is entirely destitute of vegetation, with
the exception of a few hardy shrubs. The princi-
pal wealth of the country Lies in its fisheries, which
extend along the Avhole coast. Pop. 113,000. Ex-
tent, 336,400 square miles.
Archangel, cap. ofthe above, is at the mouth of
the Dwina, a few miles from the White sea. It is
much Irequented by the tradere of all nations, par-
ticularly by the English, the Dutch, and the inhab-
itants of Bremen and Hamburg. Its trade received
a shock on the erection of St. Petersburg into a
commercial town by Peter I. In 17Ci', it was en-
dowed with all the rights and privileges possessed
by St. Petersburg ; yet it has never regained its
prosperity. Archangel contains the chief deposit
of foreign articles destined for Siberia. Pop. in its
flourishing state, 30,000 ; at present, from 5 to
7000. 400 m. IN. E. St. Petersburg.
Archangelsk, a copper work of Russia, in Oxen-
burg, on the Aksina. It employs nearly 500 work-
men, and yields about 240,000 lbs. a year. Lon.
30° 44' E. Lat. 48° 30' N.
Archangtlskoy, 2 towns in Russia ; one 124 m.
N. iN. E. Kostroma ; tlie other 90 m. N. E. Vol-
ogda.
I Arche, t. France, in the Lower Aljjs, on the
borders of Piedmont. Pop. 800. 6 rn. S. \^^
Erive.
Archer, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Cadiz,
Pop. 611.
Arches, v. France, on the left bank of the Maese,
a mile from Charleville in the Rheteiois.
Arches, v. F ranee, on the Mosalle, dep. of the
Vosges, 12 leagues S. E. Nancy.
Archi, t. Naples, iu Abruzzo Citra. 8 m, S.
Lanciano.
Archiac, t. France, in the Lower Charente, 8
leagues S. E. Saintes. Pop. 1,340.
Archidona, t. Sjjain, on the W. frontier of Gra-
nada. Pop. 5,000. 9 m. E. Antequera.
Archidona, city, Quito. In 1744 it was almost
ruined by an explosion of the volcano of Cotopaxi.
80 m. S. E. Quito.
Archingey, t. France, in the Lower Charente.
3 leagues S. W. St. Jean d'Angely.
Archinto, t. Upper Italy, in the territory of
Como, with the title, of a county.
Archipelago. This term is applied to any
tract of sea, abounding in small islands, and more
particularly to the iEgeau sea, or that part of the
Mediterranean between the coasts of Asia Minor
and Greece.
Archipelago af the Great Cyclades. See J^ew
Hebrides.
Archipelago of the Recherche, several groups of"
islands, rocks, and shoals, on the S. coast of New
Holland, between 34° and 34° 30' S. Lat. and 121°
30' to 123° 20' E. Lon.
Arehiwinnily Sea, commiiuicates with Hudson's
bay, through Hazard gulf.
Arcidosso, t. grand duchy of Tuscany, in theloAV-
er province of Sienna.
Arcisa, or Arcisata, t. Italy, in the duchy of Mi-
lan, near the source of tlie Olona, 10 m. W. Como.
A R D
Arcis-sw-^'iube, t. France, on the Aobe, in the
department of the Aube. It has manufactures of
worsted stockings and caps. It sufiei'ed consider-
ably in the campaign of 1814. 61eagues N. Troyes.
Pop. 2,320.
,4rco, ovArch, t. on the Sarca, on the confines
of Tyrol, towards Italy. It gives name to a coun-
try or district which comprehends IB villages and
hamlets, and now forms part ol tlie Lombardo-Ve-
neti'an kingdom. The town is 12 m. W. I'rent.
Pop. 2,700.
Arcoy t. Sicily, in the Valdi Noto, 5 m. N. Noto.
Arcoe, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100°
35' E. Lat. 2° 54' N.
Arcole, v. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S. E.
Verona.
Areola, or Fering-Petter, v. Hind, in (^^anaros,
on the N. bank of the Mangalore.
Arcorut, v. on the island of Rugen, in the Baltic,
20 m. N. Bergen.
Arconcei/, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 10
leagues W. Dijon.
Areas, or Arcosde la Frontera, t. Spain, in Anda-
lusia, on the Gnadalette. Pop. 12,000. It IS the
residence of a vicar-general of the metropolitan
of Seville. 40 m, S. Seville. Lon. 5° 55' W. Lat.
36° 40' N.
Areas, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Xalon, 9
ni. above Medina Celi.
Areas, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m. S. S. E. Pes-
quiera.
Areas, los, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13m. S. Estella.
Areas de P'aldexez, t. Portugal, in Entre Dour©
e Minho.
Arcot, district, Hind, formerly an independent
state, but transferred by the nabob to the British
in 1801.
Arect, city. Hind. cap. of the Carnatic, on the
Palar ; 73 m. W. S. Vv^ Madras, 217 E. Seringa-
pat«m. Lon. 79° 29' E. Lat. 12° 52' N.
Arcs, les, t. France, in the Var, near the left
bank of the Argens, 13 leagues N. E. Toulon.
Arc-snr-Tille, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 3
leagues from Dijon.
Areueit, v. France, 2i m. from Paris. Here is
the aqueduct laid in 1624, by Mary of Medicis, to
convey water from Rongis to Paris ; 200 toises
long, consisting of 20 arches.
Arci/, or Airjj, t. France, in the Yonne, on the
Curefj 4 leagues S. S. E. Auxerre.
Ard, r. Germany, rises near Wehen, in tJie
duchy of Nassau, and runs into the Lalm at Dietz.
Ardacker, or Ardagger, t. Lower Austria, on the
Danube, 10 m. S. W. Ips.
Ardagh, t. Ireland, 5 m. S. E. Longford.
Ardal, t. Norway, above 70 m. N. Christiana.
Ar dales. See Hardales.
Ardanondjie, t. Turkish Armenia, 40 m. N.
Kars, 90 N. E. Erzerum. Lon. 43° 45' E. Lat.
40° '14' N.
Ardatov, t. A. Russia, on the Alatyr, 128 m. W.
Simbirsk.
Ardatoio, t, Russia. Pop, 780. 90 m. W. Sim-
birsk.
Ardaicw, t. Russia, 60 m. S. S. W. Nishnei No-
vogorod. Lon. 43° 4' E. Lat. 50° 20' N.
Ardbracean, v. Ireland, Meath co. Pop. 4,126.
Ardehil, Little, t. Persia, in Fars, 54 m. N. Chi-
raz.
Ardecan, t. Persia, in Irak, 15 m. S. S. W. Gner-
den, 140 E. Ispahan.
Ardeclie, r. France, falls into the Rhone, 4 m.
above Pont St. Esprit.
ARD
55
Ardcche, department, France, bounded E. by
the Rhone ; S. by the Gard; W. by Lozere and
Upper Loire ; N. W. by Loire; and N. E. by
Isere. It contains 2,376 square miles. Pop. in
1816, 284,743.
Ardee, t. Ireland, Louth co. 35 ra. N. VV. Dub-
lin.
Arden, Point, on the N. W. coast of Admiralty
Island, in Stephen's passage. Lon. 226° 1' E. La) .
58° 9' N.
Ardenelle, or Urdankidly, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
tdre, 47 m. S. E. Sermgapatam.
Ardcnne, t. France, in the Deux-Sevres. Here
are quarries, of black, white, and red marble.
Ardennes, a forest in France, in the department-
of Ardennes.
Ardennes, department in France, bounded N.
by Netherlands, E. by Meuse, W. by Aisne, and
S. by Marne, containing 1,029, lfi9 square acres,
and 346,000 inhabitants. Its riches lie in its for-
ests, its pastures, and its cattle.
Ardenna, t. Italy, in the Valteline, 5 m. N. E.
Morbegno.
Ardensan, t. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, 38 m. N,
W. Arzingan.
Ardero, L Calabria Ultra, in Naples, 7 m. S.
Gierace.
Ardes, t. France, in the Puy de Dome, the place
of traffic between Up^>er and Lower Auvergne. 10
leagues S. Cleremont-Ferraud. Pop. 1,640.
Ardesh, t. Armenia, on the Aras, 15 m. S. Eri-
van.
Ardes-Lays, t. France, in the Vendee, 4 leagues
W. S. W. Mauleon.
Ardevil, or Ardehil, t. Persi^in Azerbijan, 56
m. N. E. Tabriz. Lon. 48° 5' WLat. 38° 15' N.
Ardfert, t. Ireland, Kerry co. The town is gov-
erned by a port-reeve, and 12 burgesses. 4 m. N.
W. Tralee, 50 from Limerick, 144 from Dublin.
Ardjinnan, v. Ireland, Tipperary co. on the
Suir. 6 m. N. W. Clonmel.
Ardglass, s-p. Ireland, Down co. 5 m. S. E.
Downpatrick.
Ardia, t. Italy, in the Cainpagna di Roma, on a
river, near the Mediterranean, 5 m. S. Albano.
Ardiere, r. France, in Ain, falls into the Saone,
near Belleville.
Ardlla, r. Sj^anish Eslremadura, discharges it-
self into the Guadiana, near Moura, in Portugal.
Ardillals, les, t. France, in the Rhone. Pop,
1 ,000. 5 leagues N. W. Ville-Franche.
Ardingay, or Ardingy, t. Hind, in the Cai-natic,
44 m. S. W. Tanjore.
Ardingay, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 m. S. E,
Trumian.
Ardis, t. A. Turkey, on a branch of the Tigris,
30 m. N. N. W. Diarbekir.
Ardistan, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. N. E. Ispa-
han.
Ardivoran Head, theN. end of North Uist. Lon.
70°20' W. Lat.57°41'N.
Ardmore, v. Ireland, Waterford co. on the bay
of Ardmore, 7 m. SLW. Dungarvon,
Ardmare Head, a cape on tho. W. coast of the
island of Skye. Lon. 6° 38' W. Lat. 51° 37' N.
Ardmoy, v. Ireland, Antrim co. on the rivei-
Bush, 8 m. N. E. Ballymdney.
Ardmurkemish Bay, on the W. coast of f:cotland,
Lon. 5° 54' W. Lat. 56° 28' N.
Ardnaglass Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland, G
m. S. W.' Sligo. Lon. 8° 30' W. Lat. 54° 16' N-
Ardoch, v^ Scotland, P^rthsliire, Bm. N. D<iTn-
blane.
56
ARE
Ardore, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 6 m. S.
Gierace.
Ardoyt^ t. Netherlands, near Bruge?. Pop.
5,900.
Ardra, or Ardrah, territory, W. Africa, on the
coast of Guinea, immediately E. of Whydah.
The king was formerly very powerful ; but early
in the last century was reduced to complete sub-
jection by the king of Dahomey. Ardra, the cap-
ital, is a large city, about 40 miles inland, on the
W. bank of the Euphrates. Lon. 1° 52' E. Lat.
6° 36' N.
Ardre, or Ardres, a small but well fortified town,
in France, 6 m. fr. Calais. It is a barrier fortress
on the side of the Netherlands.
Ardre, r. France, joins the Loire near its
mouth. It is navigable for small vessels.
Ardrossan, s-p. Scotland, Ayrshire, resorted to
for sea bathing. It has a safe and spacious har-
bor, constructed at great expense. Pop. 2,626.
1 m. N. Saltcoats.
Ardsche. See Argieh.
Ardesillas, v. Ireland, Clare co, 13 m. fr. Lim-
erick.
Ardstinchar, or Stinchar, r. Scotland, falls into
the sea at Ballantrae.
Ardstraw, v. and parish, Ireland, Tyrone co. 6
m. S. Strabane, 94 fr. Dublin. Pop. 18,122.
Ardcert, t. France, on the coast of the Lower
Charente. Pop. 2,600. 6^ leagues W. Saintes.
Areb, or Arrab, two villages, on opposite sides
of the Nile, in Nubia, 10 m. N. Dcrri.
Arebico, t Porto Rico, 30 m, fr. St. John.
Arebo, or Arbon, t. Benin, on the Formosa, 60
m. above its mou||| : a centre for the trade of the
country. Lon. |F8' E. Lat. 5° 58' N.
Arechf or Hareucfi, fort, ^yria, 12 m. fr. An-
tioch.
Arecive, t. Buenos Ayres, 120 m. N. W. Buenos
Ayres.
Areck. See Larek.
Areco, v. Buenos Ayres, on a river, 24 leagues
fr. Buenos Aj'res.
Arecnsa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 10 m. N. W.
Jeddo.
Ared, El, a ridge of mountains in Arabia De-
serta.
Aregh, or Arrack, t. Hind, in Visiapour, 10 m.
E. Merritch. Lon. 75° 11' E. Lat. 16° 56' N.
Aregno, v. Corsica, 2i leagues E. Calvi, 9J W.
by N. Bastia.
Areito, r. S. America, in Giunana, enters the
Guai^piche.
Arektt, was the name of a kingdom which com-
prehended Dauphin^, Provence, Burgundy, Sa-
voy, and the west of Switzerland ; and was some-
times called the kingdom of Burgundy. It ex-
isted in the 9th century, and has long been united
to the French crown : except Savoy, and the
portion belonging to Switzerland.
Aremberg, a small principality of Germany, on
the Eiffel, lying between Cologne, Juliers, and
Blankenheim, and now included in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, which belongs to
Prussia. Pop. 3,000. Revenue, 30,000 florins.
Aremberg, v. in the foregoing principality, 26
m. S. Cologne. Pop. 200.
Aren, r. S. America, in Cumana, enters the
Guarapiche.
Arena, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. E.
Nicotera.
Arena, r. Sirily. falls into the Mediterraiican
near Mazzarj.
ARE
Arena, v. Abyssinia, at the bottom of the bay
of Howakil, A factory of Somanli traders car-
ry on here considerable commerce.
Arenah t. S. America, 66 m. N. Tucuman.
Arenas Bahia de, bay on the coast of the straits
of Magellan. Also, three points or capes, one on
the coast of Maracaibo, another on the W. coast
of S. America, in the bay of Guayaquil, op])Osite
the island La Puna, between the 2d and 3d de-
grees of S. lat. ; and anotlier on the coast of Ter-
ra del Fuego.
Arenas Gondas, Cape de las, on the E. coast €)f
Patagonia. Lat. 38° S.
Arendal, or Arndal, t. Norway, on a river, in
Christiansand, near the sea. The river here is
navigable for vessels of considerable size. Its
trade is chiefly in wood. Iron mines are wrought
in tlic neighbourhood.
Arendonk, t. Netherlands, The inhabitant?
support themselves in part by training hawks.
Here are manufactures of woollen and linen
cloth, and stockings. Pop. 2,850. 6 m. E. Twin-
hout.
Ardcnsee, t. and bailiwick, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, in Prussia, 18 m. N. W. Stendal..
Lon. 11° 35' E. Lat. 52° 47' N .
Arenoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast o!
Norway. Lat. 70° 6' N.
Arcns, t. and castle, Spain, in Arragon, on thr
confines of Catalonia.
Arens de Mar, or Santa Maria de Ariens, t.
Spain, on the coast of Catalonia, 12 leagues fr.
Gerona. It has manufactures of anchors, silk
and cotton stockings, and other stuffs. Pop. 3,500.
Arensberg, t. Germany, on tlie Roer, capital of
the duchy of Westphalia, and of the county of
Arensberg in particular. It has a castle, and
2535 inhabitants. 40 m. S. S. E. Munster.
Arensberg, v. Holstein, 16 m. N. E. Hamburgh.
Arensberg, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg, 8 m. S. Strelitz.
Arensburg, t. island of Osel, in the Baltic, be-
longing to Livonia. Pop. 1,400, Germans, Rus-
sians, and Esthonians. It is the capital of the
circle of the same name in the government of
Riga, which comprehends the islands of Oesel
and Moen. It was taken by the Russians in 1710,
and has remained in their possession since the
peace of Nystadt. 96 m. S. W. Revel.
Arensdorf, v. in the Middle Mark of Branden-
burg, circle of Lebus, belonging to the university
of Frankfort on the Oder. Also, a village in the
Mark of Prieguitz.
Arenswalde, t. in the circle of the same namcj,
in the New Mark of Brandenburg. Pop. 2,150.
94 m. N. E. Berlin.
Arenusa, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. W.
St. Severina,
Arequipa, province, Peru, bounded N. by Col-
laguas, E. by Lampa, S. by Moquehua and Arica,
W. by the Pacific.
Arequipa, cap. of the above, one of the largest
towns in Peru, containing about 40,000 inhabi-
tants. The houses are well built of stone, and
vaulted. It has been four times laid in ruins by
earthquakes. 217 leagues S. E. Lima, 50 N. Ari-
ca. Lon. 71° 58' W. Lat. 16° 16' S.
Ares, t. in the county of T}to1, 11 m, S. W.
Tyrol.
Aresche, v. France, in the Jura, 2h m. E. Ar-
bois.
Areskuia, t. Sweden, in Jarntland, 50 m. N. W.
Fro?on)
A R G
Aresso^ t. Spain, in Navarre, district of Pampe-
luna.
Arevalillo, r. Spain, in Old Castile, falls into
the Adaja.
Arevalo, v. Spain, in Old Castile, between the
Adaja and Arevalillo. Pop. 2,600 18 m. S. E.
Medina del Campo.
Jirezzo, t. in the grand duchy of Tuscany, at
the influx of the Chiana into the Arno. Pop.
8,000. 25 m. E. N. E. Sienna, 34 S. E . Florence.
Lon. IP 50' E. Lat. 43° 28' N.
Arfara, one of tiie Shetland islands, near the S.
coast of Yell. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat. 60° 47' N.
Arfeuilk, v. France, in the AUier, 12 leagues
S. E. Moulins.
Argana, Argenah, or Hargana, t. A. Turkey,
cap. of a district in Diarbekir. It is on the side of
a mountain, with streets so steep that a stranger
can walk with difficulty ; and the roads ascending
the mountain are dangerous. Lon. 39° 20' E.
Lat. 38° 15' N.
Argana^ t. A. Turkey, 18 m. S. S. W. Erze-
rum,
Argancyy t. France, in the Moselle, 9 m. S. Thi-
onville, 5 N. Metz.
Arganda, t. Spain, in New Castile. Pop. 600.
4 leagues fr. Madrid.
Arganil, t. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 1,100. 16
m. E. Coimbra.
Argao, t. on the E. coast of Zebu, one of the
Philippine islands. Lon. 123° 39' £. Lat. 10°
18' N.
Argarossa, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere, 3 m. N.
W. Moutiers.
Argasch, i. Russia, in Simbrisk,
Arge, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 170 m. N.
W. Bassora.
Argeles, v. France, in the eastern Pyrenees, 5
leagues S. E. Perpignan. Pop, 1,360.
Argeles, or Argelcr, v. France, in the Upper Py-
renees. Pop. 850. 7 leagues S. W. Tarbes.
Argtn, r. Upper Suabia, falls into the lake of
Constance, S. Bregentz.
Argence, v. France, in Calvados, 6i leagues E.
S. E. Caen.
Argens, t. France, on the canal of Languedoc,
dep. of the Aude, 4 leagues W, N. VV. Narbonne.
Argens, v. France, in the Lower Alps, 20
leagues N. E. Aix.
Argens, r. France, runs into the Mediterranean
near Frejus.
Argent, v. France, in Cher, on the Saudre, 17
leagues N. Bourges. Pop. 1,050.
Argentac, or Argentat, t. France, on the Dor-
dogne, in Correze, 12 m. S. E. Tulle.
Argenlan, t. Lower Normandy, on the Oru. It
is the birth place of Mezeray. Pop. in 1815,
5,583. 4 leagues S. Falaise, about 44 W. Paris.
Argentaro, the ancient Scardus, a ridge of
mountains in European Turkey, which separates
Bulgaria from Macedonia.
Argenteau, t. Netherlands, in the duchy of Lim-
burg, 6 m. W. Dalem.
Argentera, Cape, on the W. coast of Sardinia.
Argenteuii, t. Franco, on the right bank of the
Seine, two leagues fr. Paris. The neighbouring
quarries yield good gypsum, which is mostly trans-
ported to Normandy. Pop. 4,760.
Argenteuii, t. France, in the Yonne, on the Ar-
mancon. Pop. 1,000. 8 m, S. Tonnerre.
Argentaiil, seignior}^, York co. Lower Canada,
on N, side of the Ottaway, 35 m, W. Montreal.
A R G
51
Argenthal, t. in the grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 40 m. E. Treves.
Argentiera, or Kimoii, the ancient Cimolus, isl.
in the Archipelago, belonging to the government
of the capudan-pacha. The island is covered with
a chalk called Cimolian earth, used in the wash*
ing and bleaching of linen. Lon. 24° 42' E. Lat.
36° 47' N.
Argentiera, t. Italy, in Cadorin, 11 m. N. N. W.
Cadoi-a.
Argentiere, t. France, in Ardeclie, on the
Ligne. Pop. 2,000 7 leagues W. Viviers.
Argentiere, or Argentine, t. on the Arc, Mauri-
enne co. in Savoy. Pop. 900. It has lead mines,
and an iron forge. 4 leagues N. by W. St. Jean
de Maurienne.
Argentiere, Col d% a mountain of the Alps, in
the county of Saluzzo, in Piedmont, across which
there is a pass from Barcellonette, in France, to
Coni in Italy. The village of Argentiere lies ia
the valley of the Stura.
Argentieres, v. France, in Upper Alps, 9J
leagues N. E. Gap.
Argentina, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, at the
foot of the Appenines, 10 m. S. W. Visignano.
Argenton, t. France, on the Creuse, in Indre.
Pop. 3,400. 15 m. S. S. W. Chateauroux.
Argenton-le-Chateau, t. France, in Deux-Sev-
res, 4 leagues W. Thouars. Pop. 880.
Argenton V Eglise, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 2
leagues N. Thouars. Pop. 780.
Argentre-soiis Laval, t. France, in Mayenne, on
the Jouan, 2 leagues E. Laval. Pop. 1,650.
Argentre-sous Fitrc,t. France, in the Ule and Vi-
laine, 9 leagues E. Rennes. Pop. 2,300.
Argia. See Argos.
Argieh, or Ardsche, v. Bagdad, on tlie left bank
of the Euphrates, 25 m. N. Sura.
Argilly, t. France, in Cote d'Or, '6 leagues S.
Dijon.
Argisch, t. Wallachia, near the frontiers of
Transylvania, 50 m. S. E. Hermannstadt.
Argisch, r. rises in the mountains between Wal-
lachia and Transylvania, 10 m. S. E. Hermann-
stadt, and after passing by Kordedeardi, Piteszti,
and Butroi, joins the Danube near Mireni.
Argisch, the ancient Arzes, t. Armenia, in Van,
on the N. W. side of lake Van or Arsis, opposite
Van. Lon. 43° E. Lat. 38° 40' N.
Argite, isl. in the gulf of Egina, 16 m. E. Egina.
Argjmi, Argi7ia, Arga Tau, or Arkaula, moun-
tains of Tartary, N. E. Cashgar, which terminate
near Tashkund, on the river Sihon.
Arglore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 m. S. W.
Tiagar.
Argob, in Sac. Geog. a country in Bashan, con-
taining 60 towns.
Argol, V. France, in Finisterre, 7 leagues N. N.
W. Quimper.
Argon. See Formosa.
Argonda, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. N. W.
Chittoor.
Argonne, a woody tract in France, 20 leagues iu
lengtli, in the departments of the Maese, the
Marne, and the Ardennes.
Argos, kingdom of the Peloponnesus, on tlie
gulf of Napoli di Romania. It constitutes, witb
Corinth and Sicyon, the province of Saccania or
Romania Minor. Argos, the chief t. stands on
the Nacho, and its pop. is 10,000. Lon. 22° 47' E.
Lat. 37° 48' N.
Argostoli, chief t. of the island of Cephalonia.
Pop, 5,000. Its harbof is tiie be'it in the island. It
59
A R I
has dock-yards, and the flotilla is one of ti»e larg-
est in the Archipelago. The ancient name was
Cranii. 8 m. W. S. W. Ccphalonia.
Argouge, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. S.
Avi-anches. *
Argutdas., t. Spain, in Navarre, 7 ra. fr. Tudela.
Argueil, v. France, in Lower Seine, 7 leagues
N. E. Rouen.
Arguello, Paint, on the W. coast of N. Ameri-
ca, in New Albion. Lon. 239° 46' E. Lat. 34°
38' N.
Arguenon, r. f*rance, runs into the sea near St.
Malo.
Arguin, isl. in a gulf on the W. coast of Africa,
the ancient Cerne, at which Hanno founded a
colony. The gulf contains stock fisli, and the
best species of tuxtle. Lon. 16" 20' W. Lat. 20'='
23' N.
Argun, Argan, or Ergoji, r. Tartary, rises from
lake Dailai, or Koulon-Nor, in 119° 14' E. lon.
and 49° N. lat. in the country of the Mongols, It
is considered to be the original source of the river
Amur, which river is formed of its stream and of
that of the Schilka, in lon. 121° 14' E. lat. 53° N.
It is the boundary between Russia and China,
from the source to its mouth, 180 m. E. Nerts-
chinsk.
Argunskoi, t. and fort, Siberia, in Irkhutsk, on
the W. bank of the Argun, 162 m. from its mouth,
177 E. Nertschink. It carries on a considerable
trade ; but the climate is so cold, that the summer
heat penetrates the earth very superficially.
Near it are valuable silver mines. Lon. 120° 14'
E. Lat. 50° 50' N.
Argyle, or Argyll, a maritime co. on the W.
coast of Scotland, bounded N. by Inverness-shire,
E. by the counties of Perth and Dumbarton, S. by
the Irish sea and the river Clyde, and W. by the
Atlantic ocean. It embraces numerous islands,
and its shores abound with deep bays and inlets,
in which the herring fishery is prosecuted with
great success. A large portion of the county con-
sists of heath, rocks, and mountains. Many valu-
able minerals are found, such as lead, copper, and
iron. There is a profusion of beautiful marble,
of different colours, which is susceptible of the
highest polish ; and inexliaustible quarries of fine
blue slate, which is exported in ship loads. Tlie
lands are adapted for grazing; and numbers of
black cattle are reared, and sent to the market ol
the low countries. Argylcshii-e is divided into G
districts; Argyle, Cowal, Kintyre, Lorn, Islay,
and Mull. Fop. 85,585; families 17,368: of
which there are occupied in agriculture 8,421,
in trade and manufactures 3,4 1 9.
Argyle, p-t. Washington co. N.Y. on the Hudson,
45 m. above Albany. Pop. 3,813.
Argyle, t. Shelbui-ne co. Nova Scotia, 22 m. W.
Shelburne.
Argyro Castro, t Albania, on the Drino, near
Vallona. It contains, with its dependencies,
12,000 men fit for bearing arms, and is the seat of
a pacha of two tails, who is dependent on the pa-
cha of Joannina. Its ancient names were Pka-
nole and HadrianopoHs.
Arheiligen, v. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse. Pop. 1,360.
Arheiik, Arhung, or Arhungserai, t. Asia, in
Bulkh on the Harrat, 42 m. N. E. Bulkh, Lon.
66°40'E. Lat. 37° N.
Art, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 5 m. S. E. Ci-
vitadi Chieti.
Ariancopang, t. Hind. 3 m. S. Poadicherry.
ARK
Ariano, t. Naples, in the principato Ultra, i:
h the see of a bishop. 15 to. E. Benevento. Pop.
10,700.
Ariano, v. on an arm of the Po, in the duchy
of Ferrara, 24 m. N. E. Ferrara.
Arica, province, Peru, bounded N. by Moque-
hua, N. W. by Arequipa, W. by the Pacificocean.
S. by Atacamas.
Arica, capital of the above province, is in a
beautiful valley, on the coast of the Pacific, with
a convenient port. 210 m. N. W. La Plata, 270
N. VV. Alacames. Lon. 70° 18' W. Lat. IS''
20' S.
Aridana, t. Arabia, 10 m. S. W. Mecca.
Arien, isl. in the Adriatic, 9 m. N. Venice.
Arienso, t. Naples, in Lavora, 14 m; N. E. Na-
ples.
Arjeploy, t. Swedish Lapland, 105 m. W. N. W.
Pitea.
Arignam, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tus-
cany, between Florence and Arezzo.
Arig7vay, t. France, in Haute Garonne, 9 m. N.
N. E. St. Gaudens.
Arimathea, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Ben-
jamin ; one in the tribe of Asher ; one in Naphta-
li ; and one in Ephraim.
Arimoa, isl. off the E. coast of Timor.
Arinos, r. Brazil, runs into the Topayos.
Ariola, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 14 m. W.
S. W. Benevento.
Arjona, t, Spain, in Andalusia, on the Rio Frio,
6 m. S. Andujar.
Ariowara, t. Sweden, in Tornea-Lappmark.
Aripo, V. on W. coast of Ceylon, 80 m. N. N
W. Candi.
Aris, t. Prussia, 86 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Arimla, t. Hind, in Mysore, 40 m. E. Chinna
Balabarum.
Arise, t. France, 6 leagues S. Chalons.
Arish, El, t. Egypt, on the Mediterranean, 15&
m. N. W. Cairo.
Arisminera, t. Syria, 12 m. N. Hamah.
Arispe, t. Mexico, cap. of the intendancy of So-
nora, near the source of the Yaqui. Lat. 30° 36
N. Lon. 109° W. Pop. 7,600.
Arilsan, t. Bulgaria, in Eu. Turkey, 10 m. S.
Viddin.
Ariza, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. W. Cala-
tayud.
Arka, i. Siberia, 66 m. fr. Okhotsk,
Arka, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Aladulia, 21 m. W.
Malatia, 70 N. E. Marasch.
Arkadinskaia, t. Russia, on the Medveditza,.
240 m. N. E. Azoph, 124 S. W. Saratof. Lon. 43
4' E, Lat. 50° 10' N.
Arkansaw Territory, U. S. is bounded N, by Mis-
souri territory, and State ; E. by the Mississippi ;
S. by Louisiana and the Spanish dominions; W.
by the Spanish dominions. Pop. in 1810, 1,062,
exclusive of Indians ; in 1817, about 5,000. The
principal rivers are Arkansaw, White, St. Fran-
cis, and Wachita. The lands on White river are
the best in the territory, and among the best iu
America. On the other rivers the land is veiy
fertile, except on the Wachita where it is poor
and stony. The country on the Arkansaw fur-
nishes fine hunting grounds. It abounds with buf
faloe?, deer, elk, bears, wolves, panthers, &c. h.
the years 1818 and 1819, about 5,000 of the Che-
rokee Indians removed from their residence E. of
the Mississippi, to a fine tract of country on the
N. bank of the Arkansaw river, between lon. 94*
and 95° W. At their desire, the^American Boar<">
A R L
41 Commissioners for Forei^ Missions have lately
sent a Mission family to them to teach them the
arts of civilized life, and instruct them in Chris-
tianity.
Arkmisav}^ p-t. the chief settlement in Arkansaw
territory, is on Arkansaw river, 65 miles from its
mouth. It was ehtablished by the French more
than a century ago. Most of the inhabitants are
either French, or of mixed blood : descendants of
French and Indians.
Arkansau-y r. N. America, rises in the Rocky
mountains above lat.41° N. and running S. E. more
than 2,000 miles, falls into the Mississippi 400
miles above the mouth of Red river. It is navi-
gable almost to its source. Next to Missouri it is
the longest tributary of the Mississippi.
Arkaveh, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the
Black sea, 35 m. E. N. E. Rineh.
Arkavia, or Arxania, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wala-
i:hia, on the borders of Transylvania, 18 m. S. S.
£. Hermannstadt.
Arkeeko, Jlrkiko, or Erkiko, s-p. Abyssinia, at the
bottom of the bay of Massuah, The inhabitants
ire among the worst and most degraded of men.
Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 15° 32' N.
Arkel, v. Holland, 3 m. N. Gorcum.
Arkingarthdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. fr.
Richmond.
Arkitkan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 18 m. E.
Akshehr.
Arkhw, s-p. Ireland, 12 m. S. Wicklow, 36 S.
E. Dublin.
Arkport, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y. on Canisteo
. iver, 25 m. VV. Bath.
Arl, Great and JAttle., two rivei-s of Germany,
in Saltzburg, empty into the Saltza, near St. John.
Arlant, or Arlance, t. France, in Puy de Dome,
15 leagues S. E. Clermont-Fei-rand.
Arlanzon, r. Spain, in Old Castile, which joins
the Artanza near Burgos, and falls into die Pitu-
erga.
Arle, t. in- Saltzburg, 10 m. S. W. Radstadt, 38
S. S. E. Saltzburg.
Arlen, t. in the Tyrol, 8 m. N. W. Landeck.
Aries, a large, ancient, and well built t. France,
on the left bank of the Rhone, in the dep. of
Mouths of the Rhone, which here divides into
two branches. Here have been held, at different
periods, 13 ecclesiastical councils, of which the
most important was that in A. D. 314. Its trade
is in corn, wine, oil, fruit, sheep, and sausages;
and it has manufactures of serge, gold and silver
articles, and saltpetre. It is 16 leagues W. N. W.
Aix, 174 S. S. E. Paris. Lon, 4° 43' E. Lat, 43°
40' N. Pop. 21,000.
Aries, Kingdom of. See Arelat.
Aries, t. in eastern Pyrenees, France. It has a
strong castle, hot mineral springs, and near it is a
lead mine and iron foundery. Pop. 1,230. Lon.
2°43'E, Lat. 42° 27' N.
^rlesega, t. Italy, in Padua, B m. N, W. Padua,
Arlesheim, v. Switzerland, 3 m, S. Bale.
Ariel, cape, Martinique island, on the N. N. W.
rleux, t. France, on the Senset, dep. of the
rth, 2 leagues S. Douay. Pop. 1,460.
Arlington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. N.
Bennington. Pop. 1,468.
Arlon, t. Netherlands, in the grand duchy of
Luxemburg. It has iron-works. 13 m. N. W.
Luxemburg, Pop. 3,130.
Arbio, t. Russia, in Finland, 55 m. E. S, E. Ta-
vasthuus. Lon, 26° 3' E. Lat, le*' 44' N.
ARM
59
2° 4;
■
Arly, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere near Con-
flans.
Arm Island, at the E, entrance of the ttraits
of Sunda. Lon. 5° 45' E. Lat. 106° 30' N,
Arma Santiago de, city, S.America, in New Gi'a-
nada, on a branch of the Cauca, 150 m, N, E, Po-
payan, 84 S, Santa Fe de Antioquia. Lon. 75^
36' W. Lat. 5° 33' N.
Armagh, co. Ireland, in the province of Ulster,
bounded N, by Lough Neagh, W. by Tyrone and
Monaghan, S. by Louth, and E. by Down. The
linen manufacture flourishes in this countv. Pop.
in 1812, 141,381.
Armagh, city, Ireland, capital of Armagh co.
It is the seat of the archbishop of Armagh, who is
the primate of all Ireland. In the middle centu-
ries, it was celebrated as a place of learning, hav-
ing at one period, 7000 students at its college.
But afterwards the city decayed, until Baron
Rokeby was promoted to the primacy ; by whose
princely munificence, the cathedral was repaired,
and the town altogether renovated. He built and
endowed an observatory, with an excellent astro-
nomical apparatus, a library, and a palace ; and
established a school where children are educated
gratuitously, according to the modern improved
system. Pop. 7,010, of which 2,001 are of the
Established church, and 3,413 Roman Catholics.
62 m. N. Dubhn, 48 S. S, E. Londonderry. Lon.
6° 37' 30" W. Lat. 5-^.° 21' 15" N.
Armagh, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. 50 m. E. Pittsburg.
Armagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,306.
Armagia,t. Arabia, 68m. S, Cathem.
Armagnac, formerly a county, France, in Ga«-
cony, now included in the departments of the
Gers and Upper Pyrenees.
Armamer, t. Poi'tugal, in Beira, 10 m, S. Pesqui-
era.
Armana,i. Syria, in a valley, 10 m. N.W.Aleppo.
Armanee, r, France, runs into the Armancon,
near St. Florentin.
Armancon, or Armanson, r. Frarice, falls in.'^o
the Yonne, above Joigny.
Armasao, t. Brazil, in S. America, a stpjaon for
the whale fishery. Lon. 47° 20' W. La'c 27° 5' S.
Armavir, t, Armenia, on the Arasj '30 m, W. S.
W. Erivan.
Armegone, or Armegum, t. Hind, on the coast of
the Carnatic, with an English factory, 66 m. N.
Madras.
Armenass, v. Syria, where the glass used in
Aleppo is manufactured, 35 m. W, Aleppo.
Armeni, t. Mingrelia, 30 m. S. E. Isgaur.
Armenia, country, Asia, bounded N. by Geor-
gia and Mingrelia, E. by Azerbijan in Persia, S.
by Diarbekir, and W. by the Euphrates. It is
mountainous, and, owing to its height above the
level of the sea, is of a colder temperature than
might have been expected from its geographical
positioia. Wheat and barley, cotton, hemp, to-
bacco, and raw silk, are cultivated. The Arme-
nians form the chief class of traders in the Persian
empire ; inhabit a large portion of Asiatic Tur-
key, and are found in other parts of the world.
They engage in the most extensive commercial
undertakings, and bear a high character for in-
tegrity in their dealings. They are a distinct
race of people, seldom intermarrying with othei:
tribes, and professing a peculiar religion, the basis
of which is Christianity. The western parts are
subject to the Turks, the eastern to the Persians,
and the southern !>re rnlod by nnmero'T^ ia'V ■
pendent chiefs.
60
A R N
Armetit, or Erment, v. on the Nile, in Upper
Egypt, called also Beled Mousa, 16 m. N. Esne.
Jlrmentequi, place in Spain, 1 m. fr. Vittoria.
Armentieres, t. France,onthe Lys,indep.of North.
It has manufactures of linen and other stuffs. 3
lea-ues N. W. Lille, 14 N. N. E. Douay. Pop. 7,600.
Armento, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 20 m. S. S. E.
Potenza.
Armi, CapodeU\ cape, Naples, on the S. coast
of Calabria.
ArmiLlas, t. Spain, in Arragon, 44 m. S. Sara-
gossa.
Amiir, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Smaith.
Armira, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the W. side of the
gulf of Volo, 10 m. S. Volo. Lon. 23° 9' E. Lat.
sg'^ao'N.
Armira, r. Darien, enters the sea near Cape Ti-
buron. Also a town on its banks.
Annise, or Armix, v. France, in Ain. Pop.
1,200. 3 leagues N. W. Belley.
ArmUy, t. Eng. Yorkshire, on the Liverpool ca-
nal and the Aire, with extensive manufactures. 2
m. fr. Leeds, Pop. 2,941.
Armona, t. island of Negroponte, 22 m. S. E.
Negroponte.
Armsdale Head, cape, on the N. coast of Scot-
land. Lon. 'SP 56' W. Lat. 58° 36' N.
Armsen, parish with six villages, Hanover, 7 m.
E, S. E. Verden.
Armsheim, v. in the upper bailiwick of Abzey,
grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Wiss-
bach, 4 m. N. Abzey.
Armstrong, co. Pa. on the Alleghany. Chief
t. Kitaning, Pop. 6,143.
Armstrong, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 523.
Ama, t. and harbor, on the E. coast of the island
of Andros, in the Archipelago.
Ama, t. Persia, in Kharasm, 200 m. N.Urkonje.
Ama, t. Africa, cap. of a district in the desert
between Fezzan and Bornou, inhabited by a peo-
ple called Tibbo, 250 m. E. S. E. Mourzouk.
Amac, two villages, France, one in Rouergue,
the t'other in Auvergue. Another in the dep. of
Upper Vienne. Pop. 2,000. Likewise one in
the dep. o' Correze. Pop. 1,020.
Amos, t. 9weden, in Angermannland, 52 m. E.
N, E. Hernosat>d.
Arnas, t. Pru^rtia, in Oberland. 4 m. S. S. W.
Osterrode.
Arnat-la-Porfe, t. France, Upper Vienne.
Arnau, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, in the circle
of Bitschow, 9 m. N. Koriingsgratz.
Arnaud-Beligrad, i. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 40
m. N. E. Vallona.
Amay4e-Duc, ot Arney-sur-Arro^ix, t. France,
in Beaune. Pop. 2,750. lOj leagues S. W. Di-
jon.
Amdorf, t. Bavaria, in Subzbach, district of
Parkstein, 4 m. E. Kemnat. Another, near the
Nab, 18 m. E. S. E. Bayreuth.
Ajrneburg, t. in the Old Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Elbe, 50 m. W. Berlin.
Arnedo, t. Spain, in Burgos, 3 m. S. Calahorra.
Arnee, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m. S. Arcot,
75 B. W. Madras.
Arnee, t. Hind. 20 m. N. Madras.
Arnemuyden, s-p. in the i'^land of Walcheren,
Dutch province of Zealand. It had an excellent
harbor, which is now choaked up with mud, and
was formerly a place of consequence : probably
the Hanse town, Amemunda. 3 m.' E. Middle-
i»urg, 6 N. N. E. Flushing.
A R O
Ames, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, on the
gulf of Bothnia.
Ameseio, t. Naples, in Bari, 7 m. W. S. W.
Andria.
Amfeh, v. Styria, in the circle of Marbui^, 10
m. S. E. Landsberg.
Arngats, mountain, Asia, in Armenia.
Arngitzes, t. Wallachia, 44 m. S. S. E. Her-
manns tadt.
Arnhausen, t, subject to Bavaria, inWurtzburg,
2 m. b. Kissingen.
Arnhausen, t. Germany, in Pomerania, 24 m.
N. W. New Stettin.
Arnheim, or Amhem, city, Holland, capital of
Guelderland. Pop. in 1796, 10,080. 30 m. E.
Utrecht, 45 S. E. Amsterdam.
Ama, r. Italy, in Tuscany, rises in the Appet-
nines, and runs into that part of the Mediterra-
nean, called the Tuscan sea. It passes through
the city of Florence, and enters the sea 12 m. N.
Leghorn, and 4 below Pisa, to which place it »
navigable for small vessels.
Amo, Civita d\ t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 3 m. E. N. E, Perugiano.
Arnold, t. Eng. 4 m. fr. Nottingham. Pop. 3,042
Arnosota, t. Naples, 12 m. S. E. Salerno.
Arnold' sold place, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. 56 m.
W. Washington,
Anion, in Sac. Geog. r. rises in the mountains
of Gilead, runs along the N. border of Moab, and
falls into the Dead sea.
Arnoya, r. Spain, which runs into the Mohii?,
near Rivadavia, in Gallicia.
Arnoya, r. Portugal, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 9° 7' W. Lat. 39° 25' N.
Amsdorf, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 11 m. S. Holr
land.
Ai-nsdorf, t. Prussia, in Ermeland, 15 m. W,
Heilsperg.
Arnsfeld, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, 5 m. S. Wol-
kenstein.
Amsheim, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse-Darmstadt, 3 m. N. W. Worms.
Amstadt, t. Saxony, on the Gera, Schwartz-
burg magistracy. It has a considerable trade in
corn and wool. Pop. 4,600. 10 m, S. W. Erfurt.
Arnstein, t. bailiwick, and castle, Bavaria, on
the Wehrn. Pop. 1,200. 20 m. N. N. E. Wurtz-
burg.
Arnstein, or Klosteramstein, t. Germany, on
the Lahn. Its abbey belongs to the prince of Nas-
sau-Weilburg. Pop, 2,000.
Arnstein, t. Prussia, in Natangen, 20 m. SL
Brandenburg.
Arnstorf, t. in the duchy of Carinthia, 6 m. W.
Mauttern.
Aro, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 6
m. S. Palamos.
Aroan, a place in the desert of Sahara, 150 m.
N. W. Tombuctoo, on the caravan route to Fez.
Its salt mines supply the countries on the Niger.
Aroche, t. Spain, on the Estremadura, 46 m. N.
W. Seville.
Aroer, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Gadites, on the
river Arnon ; also, one in Judah.
Arolsen, t. Germany, in the county of Wal-
deck. Most of the colleges of the principality
have their seat here. 38 m. W. S. W. Gottingen.
Aromas, v. France, in Jura, 6 leagues S. W.
Orgelet.
Aron, t. Persia, in Irak, 6 m. fr. Cashan.
Arona, t. Italy, on the W. bank of lake Mag-
A R R
A R R
61
lip
gUK'e, opposite Anghiera. Pop. 4,000. 17 m. N,
N. W. Novar.
^rona, of Arone, r. Italy, in the States of the
Church. It issues from lake Bracciano, and falls
mto the Mediterranean.
Aronde, r. France, in Picardy, runs into the
Oise.
Arm, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of Papua. Lon.
135° E. Lat. 6° S.
Aroostic, r. rises in Maine, and running E. joins
the St. Johns in New-Brunswick.
Aropilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. S. Banga-
lore.
AroSy V. and harbor, Scotland, in the island of
Mull.
Arouca, t Portugal, in Beira, 27 jn. S. W. La-
mego.
Arouthortchin, a country of Tartary, near the
great wall of China.
Arpj r. Circassia, falls into the Kuban. Lat.
44° 46' N.
Arpad, in Sac. Geog. t. and country of Syria,
near Hamath.
Arpaia, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 6 m. S.
S. W. Benevento.
Arpajon, t. France, on the Orge, dep. of the
Seine and Oise, Pop. 2,100. Here are manu-
factures of cotton, and fire-arms. 7 leagues S.
Versailles.
Arpajon,or Severac, t. France, inCantal, a few
miles S. E. Aurillac.
Arpenburg, t. Germany, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, 9 m. S. Saltzwedel.
Arpi, or V Arpi, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 14 m.
S. W. Manfredonia.
Arpino, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, the birth
place of Marius and Cicero. It has cloth manu-
iactories. 55 m. N. N. W. Naples.
Arquala, t. Italy, in the papal territory of Um-
bria, 10 m. S. W. Ascoli.
Arquatta, t. of the Sardinian monarchy, 25 m.
. Genoa.
Arquennes, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, near
Nivelles, and well known for its lime-pits and blue
marble.
Arquenon, r. France, in Cotes du Nord. It
runs by Jugon into the English channel.
Arques, r. France, in Lower Seine, runs by Ar-
ques, into the English channel, near Dieppe.
Arques, t. France, on the Arques, 2 leagues S.
E. Dieppe, UN. Rouen. Pop. 1,700.
Arques, v. France, in Artois, 13^ leagues N. E.
Arras.
Arques, v. France, in Aude, 6i leagues S. Car-
cassonne.
Arra, t. A.Turkey, in Diarbekir, 30 m.W. Orfa.
Arracan, formerly an independent kingdom, but
since the year 1783 a province of the Birman em-
pire. It lies S. E. Bengal. On the E. it is divided
from Pegue and Ava by a range of mountains,
through which there are very few passes. Con-
siderable commerce is carried on with Bengal.
The exports are chiefly honey, wax, ivory, drugs,
sapphires, rubies, and gold ; in exchange, they
take back tissues, silks, muslins, European com-
modities of all kinds, pearls, and diamonds.
Arracan, city and cap. of the above province,
is on the Arracan, in lon. 93° 25' E. and lat.
20° 40' N. It is the residence of a viceroy. The
harbour, it is said, has six fathoms water at the
bar, and is capable of containing a large fleet.
Arrack, See Aregk.
Arracourt, V. France in Meurtlie, 6 leagues
E. Nancy.
Arradon, t. France, in Morbihan, 3 m. S. W.
Vannes.
Arragia, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 10 m. S. W.
Khaibar.
Arragon, province, Spain, bounded N. by the
Pyrenees, W. by Navarre and Castile, S. by Va-
lencia, and E. by Catalonia. The soil, though in
some places sandy, stony, and mountainous, is on
the whole productive. Here are raised maize,
hemp, madder, and safi'ron ; and excellent wine is
exported in considerable quantities. Large quan-
tities of silk also are made and exported ; but the
breeding of sheep forms the grand Ijranch of indus-
try. The wool is in high esteem with foreigners,
and in 1782 nearly 60,000 cwt. was exported.
Pop. 630,000.
Arragon, r. Spain, rises in the Pyrenees, and
falls into the Ebro, between Tudela and Cala-
horra.
Arragon, t. Arabia, 100 m. E. S. E. Sana.
Arrah, t. Persia, in Mekran, on the coast of the
Arabian sea, 140 m. W. Tatta. Lon. 65° E. Lat.
25° 25' N.
Arrah, t. Hind, in Behar. Lon. 84° 48' E. Lat.
25° 32' N.
Arran, isl. on the W. coast of Scotland, near
the mouth of the Clyde, 20 miles long, and contain-
ing 165 square miles. Pop, 6,754.
Arrancy, v. France, in Me use, 14 leagues N. PT.
E, Bar-le-duc.
Arranmore, isl. on the N. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 25' W. Lat. 55° N.
Arrapalmy, Indians, inhabit the country between
the head waters of the Kansas, a S. branch of the
Missouri, and the Rio del Norte.
Arras, t. France, capital of Pas de Calais, on
the Scarpe, 5 leagues S. W. Douay, and 13 N. E.
Amiens. It is regularly fortified with walls and
towers. The citadel, which was constructed by
Vauban, is reckoned one of the strongest in France.
Lon. 2° 51' E. Lat. 50° 17' N. Pop. 18,872.
Arrats, r. France, falls into the Garonne, below
Aubilar.
Arrayal de Rio das Almas, t. Brazil, in Goyas,
on the Toccantins, 42 m, N. N. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Assumpcaon, t. Brazil, in Goyas, on
Toccantins, 340 m. N. N. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Cardoso, t. Brazil, 300 m. S. W. St
Salvador.
Arrayal de Meyaponte, t Brazil, in Matto Gros-
so, 125 "m. S. S. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Maygunte, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 75 m.
S. S. E. Villa Boa.'
Arrayal de Porate, t. Brazil, in Para, on the
Toccantins, 210m. S. Para.
Arrayal de St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 95 m.
S. S. W. Villa Boa.
Arrayal Velho, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 50
m.S.W. Villa Rira.
Arrayotos, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 10 m. N. .
Evora." Pop. 2,700.
Arreau, or Arreux, t. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 10 leagues S. Tarbes,
Arresian, or Restanes,i. Syria, 20 m. S, Ramalu
Arreway, t. on the W. coast of Celebes, Lon.
119°-15'E.Lat.0°58'S.
Arrietre, or Ariege, r. France, rises in the Py-
renees, passes by Aix, Tarascon, Foix, and Pa-
miers ; becomes navigable at Saverdun, and joins
the Garonne between Muret and Toulouse.
62
A R S
A R V
Arriege, or Ariege, department of France,
bounded E. by Aude, S. E. by Eastern Pyrenees
S. by the Pyrenean mountains, and W. and N. by
Upper Garonne. Pop. 222,936. Foix ia the cap-
ital.
Arrigno, t. Corsica, 8 m. E. Calvi.
Arrion, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 90 m. S. E. Ta-
bris.
Arrisana, isl. off the coast of Portugal. Lon. 8*^
55'W.Lat.37° 14' N.
Arrivacourchy, or Aravacourchy, t. Hind, in
Coimbetore, belonging to the British. 20 m. E.
Daraixjrum, 53 S. W. Trichinopoly. Lon. 78°
E. Lat. 10° 15' N.
Arro, inlet, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N. W.
coast of America, E. of Quadra and Vancouver's
island. Lon. 237° 9' E. Lat. 4° 35' N.
Arroe, isl. in the Baltic, S. W. of Funen. Pop.
in 1803, 7,573. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 54° 53' N.
Arroe, Danish isl. in the Little Belt, between
Funen and the coast of Sleswick.
Arroe, islands in the Red sea, off Mocha.
Arroja de St. Servan, t. Spain, in Estremadura,
3 m. S. jMerida.
Arronches, t. Portugal, in Alentejo. Pop. 1,700.
95 m. E. Lisbon.
Arrones, t Spain, in Navarre, 7 m, S. E. Estella.
Arros, r. France, falls into the Adour, near
Aire.
Arroux, r. France, passes through Autun, and
runs into the Loire, between Bourbon-Lancy and
Port St. Digoin.
Arrow, r. Eng. falls into the Lug near Leomin-
ster.
Arrou; r. Ireland, flows fr-oni Lough- Arrow to
the sea, 5 m. S. W. Sligo.
ArroiD-rock, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Arroya (VElmedina, t. Buenos Ayres, 165 m.
N. N. W, Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de Paben, t. Buenos Ayres, 180 m. N.
N. W. Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de Ramallo, t. Buenos Ayres, 150 m. N.
N.Vv'. Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de la China, t. Buenos Ayres, on the
W. side of the Uraguay, in lon. 58° 14' W. lat.
32° 29' S.
Arroyos, t. Paraguay, 51 m. E. Assumption.
Lon. 56° 47' W. Lat. 25° 29' 36" S.
Ars, t. France, isl. of Rhe, in Lower Charente.
Pop. 3,000. 6i leagues W. La Rochelle.
Ars, t. France, in Creuse, 5 m. N. W. Aubus-
son.
Arsac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,015. 12 leagues E. S. E. Dax.
Arsace, t. Syria, 16 m. N. N. W. Aleppo.
Arsacides. See Solomon'' s Islands.
Arsago, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 12 m. N.
Milan.
Arsamas, t. Jlussia, 48 m. S. Nishnei-Novgorod.
Pop. 5,000.
Arsano, v. Italy, near Naples. Pop. 5,100.
Arseewah, t. Hind, in Orissa, 30 m. S. W. Sur-
gopja.
Arsemini, t. Sardinia, 7 m. S. W. Cagliari.
Arsen, r. Turkish Armenia, runs into the Eu-
phrates near Ib'ja.
Arsid. See Arsur.
Arsiera, t. Italy, in the Vicentin, 20 m. N. Vi-
Arsk, t. Russia, on the Kasanka, 40 m. N. N. E.
Kasan. Lon. 19° 34' E. Lat. 56° 20' N.
Arskey, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Dun. Pop.
1.000. 3 m. from Doncaster.
Arsonval, v. France, in Aube, H leagues N. W*
Bar-sur-Aube.
Arsu, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur, 40 m,
S. S. W. Schamaghie.
Arsunda, t. Sweden, in Gestrikland, 15 m. S.W;
Gefle.
Asur, Asor, Arsaf, or Arsid, a hamlet on the
coast of Syria. Solomon is supposed to have built
the city Asor upon its site. 10 m. N. Jaffa.
Art, or Unterart, i. Switzerland, on the lake of
Zug. Pop. 2,300. 17 m. N. Schweitz.
Arta, or Larta, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on
Arta river, 9 m. above its entrance into the gulf of
Arta. Lon. 21° 8' E. Lat. 39° 30' N. Pop. 6,000.
Artald, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the S. coast
of the sea of Marmora, 45 m. E. Gallipoli, 90 S.
W. Constantinople.
Artakui, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 48 m. N.
W. Gallipoli.
Artala, t. Georgia, 40 m. S. Teflis.
Artamova, t. Russia, 120 m. S. S. E. Tobolsk.
Artan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 24 m. S.
Akserai.
Artana, or Antana, t. Spain, in Navarre, 15 ra»
from Pampeluna.
Artani, t. Turkish Armenia, 27 m. S. Akulzikr
Artannes, t. France, on the Indre, 4 leagues S.
W. Tours.
Artaviva, t. Mingrelia, 110 m. N. E. Trebisond.
Artaxate, t. Persian Armenia, on the Araxes,
15 m. S. Erivan, now in ruins.
Artenac, t. France, in Lower Charente. Pop.
1,500. 7 leagues S. E. Saintes.
Artenay, t. France, 5 leagues from Orleans, on
the road to Paris ; noted for its maufacture of
knives. Pop. 1,500.
Artern, t. bailiwick, and castle, on the Unatrui ,
in the Saxon part of the county of Mansfeld. Pop.
2,240. 10 m. W. Eisleben.
Arth, or Artha, r. Wales, falls into the sea S. of
Aberystwith.
Arthez, i. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
2,080. 3 leagues E. Orthez, and 6i N. W. Pau.
Arthur Kull. See J^ewark Bay.
Artik-abad, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 12 m. S. S.
E. Tocat.
Artingurry, t. Hind, in Marawas, 6 m. E. Ra-
manadporum.
Artisch. See Argisch.
Arlogna, t. Venetian territory, in Bresciano, 12
m. S. S. W. Breno.
Artois, county and government of France, for-
merly included in the Netherlands, having been
reckoned one of the 17 provinces. It is now in-
cluded in the departments of the Pas de Calais,
the Somme and the North.
Artolsheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 5 m. S.
E. Schlettstat.
Arton, t. France, in Lower Loire, 7 leagues
W. S. W. Nantes.
Artorne, t. France, in Puy de Dome, on the
Merges. Pop, 1,100. 5i leagues N. Clermont-
Ferrand.
Artos, t. Little Bukharia, 25 m. W. Cashgar.
Artoude, t. Syria, 15 m. N. Damascus.
Artvani, t. Turkish Armenia, 60 m. N. Kars.
Artsbach, r. Styria, runs into the Ens, 4 m. S.
Reiffling.
Arva, county in Hungary. It derives its name
from the ruined castle of Arva, which is 14 m. N.
of Rosenberg.
Arva, r. Hungary, falls into the Waag. \\ ip.
N. Arva.
A S B
Aruba, t. Persia, 90 m. E. Mekran.
Arucara, t. Brazil, at the mouth of the Guana -
pu, 140 m. W. S. W. Para.
Arucotara, t. Hind, in Mysore, 10 m. N. Arde-
nelle.
Amdy, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,620. 5 leagues S. Pau.
Arve, r. Savoy, falls into the Rhone near Ge-
neva.
Arviciio, t. Naples, on the sea-coast of Calabria
Ultra, 4 m. S. Stillo.
Arvidsjaur, t. Swedish Lapland, 75 m. W. Pitea.
Lat. 65° 28' N.
Arun, r. Eng. flows into the sea at Little Hamp-
ton, in Sussex.
Arundel, t. Eng. in Sussex, on the Arun, which
is here navigable for vessels of 200 tons ; and the
navigation is carried ou to the Thames by means
of a canal. Pop. 2,700. 10| m. from Chichester,
57 S. London.
Arundell, p-t. York co. Maine, on the sea-coast,
21 m. N. E. York. Pop. 2,372.
Arvad, in Sac. Geog. Phoenician t. on a small
*sland, now called Ruad, S. of Tyre,
Arys, t. Italy, in the Venetian territory, district
of Friuli. 10 m. W. S. W. Palmala Nuova.
Arsac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6^ leagues
E. Orthez.
Arzamcs, t. Russia, 64 m. from Nishnei-Novgo-
rod. Lon. 13° 34' E. Lat. 55° 20' N.
Arzanemt, or Arsanno, t. France, in Finisterre,
Pop. 4,150. 12 leagues E. Quimper.
Arzberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Maine,
7 m. E. Wunsiedel. Pop. 1,132.
Arsengan, Arzendgean, or Arzingan, t. Turkey,
on the Euphrates, 45 m, W. Ei-zerum.
Arzero, t. Upper Italy, in the Paduan, 9 m. S. E.
Padua.
Arzerum. See Erzerum.
Arzcw, s-p. Algiers, 16 m. E. Oran.
Arzignana, t. Upper Italy, on the Gua, 15 m. W.
S. W. Vicenza.
Arzilla, s-p. Morocco, the first that occurs on the
Mediterranean, after passing Cape Spartel.
Arzilla, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic a little
N.ofFano.
Arzon, t. France, in Upper Loire. Pop. 1,500.
Arzua, t. Spain, in Galicia, 12 m. E. St. Jago de
Compostella.
As, t. Sweden, in .lamtland, near lake Storsio, 5
m. N. Ostersund.
Asa, r. Archduchy of Austria, runs into the
Danube, 2 m. N. Efferding.
Asabra, r. Spain, runs into the Arragon near
Morillo.
yhad, t. Persia, in Fars, 57 m. S. W. Yezd.
Asad-abad. t. Persia, on the frontiers of Kurdis-
tan, 70 m. N. W. Hamadan.
Asangaro, province of S. America, on the N.
"^ide of lake Chucuito.
Asaralie, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami, 50 m.
s . W. Hami.
Asarna, t. Sweden, on the Liunga, in Jemtland,
24 m. W. Sundswall.
Asaro, t. Sicily, in the valley Noto, 8 m. S. Ni-
cosia.
Asas, t. Sweden, in Schonen. Lon. 12° 40' E.
Lat 56° 11' N.
Asbeck, t. Germany, in Munster, 4 m. S. E. Aa-
haus.
Ashen, a large kingdom in the interior of Africa,
between Fczzaii and Cashna.
A S C ^3
Asbroit, t. Sweden, in S. Gothland, 6 m. N.
Wai-dberg.
Asburg, t. in the Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 6 m E. Meurs, 18 W. Duisburg.
Asbury, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 35 m. N. Trenton.
Ascaia, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 3 m. fr.
St. Jean de Luz, 12 fr. Bayonne. Pop. 1,200.
Ascalont. Palestine, on the sea-coast, 14 m. N.
Gaza, and 30 S. W. Jerusalem. Lon. 34° 47' E.
Lat. 31° 38' N.
Ascara, t. Japan, 95 m. N. Jeddo.
Ascension, isl. in the Atlantic, between Africa
and Brazil. It is entirely barren and uninhabited ;
but is frequented by the homeward bound ship-
ping, on account of its excellent harbour, and the
fish, sea-fowl, and turtle, which it affords. The
crevice of a rock in this island forms what is called
the Sailors' Post-Olfice. Here crews leave a
well corked bottle, with letters inclosed, which
are taken up and carried to their destination by
the next ship that passes in a contrary direction.
Lon. 14° 28' W. Lat 8° 8' S.
Ascension, parish, Louisiana, on the Mississippi.
Pop. 2,219.
Ascension^ cap. of the island of Margarita, for-
merly celebrated for its pearl fisheries.
Ascension Bay, on the E. side of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras. Lon. 88° 56' W. Lat. 19° 30' N.
Asceria, v. Abyssinia, 25 m. S. Dixan.
Asch, or Ascha, t. Germany, in the Bohemian
circle of Egra, 8 m. N. N. W. of the Egra.
Ascha, or Ascliau, in Upper Bavaria. See Hb-
hen-Aschau.
Aschach, or Aschau, t. Austria, on the Danube,
6 m. N. Efferding.
Aschach, t. Germany, in Bavaria, on the Saale,
6 m. N. Kissingen.
Aschaffenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 18 m.
S. E. Frankfort, and 40 E. Mentz. Lon. 9° 7' E.
Lat. 40° 58' N. Pop. 6,400. The original district
of Aschaffenburg which constituted that sort of ju-
risdiction called in German a vicedom, was 22
miles long and 18 broad, and contained 82 villa-
ges and hamlets.
Asche, t. Netherlands, in Brabant, on the road
from Brussels to Ghent. Pop. 3,750.
Asche, t Saxony, in Vogtland, 15 m. S. Plawen.
Ascfien^inskoi, fort, Siberia, on the confines oi'
China, 130 m.S. S.W. Selinginsk.
Ascheres, t. France, in Loiret, 6 leagues N. N.
E. Orleans. Pop. 1,500.
Ascherode, t. Bavaria, 6 rja. N. Carlstadt.
Aschersleben, t. Prussia, in the principality oi
Halberstadt, 16 m. S. E. Halberstadt, Pop. 7,900.
Aschwomsee, lake, Prussia, 40 m. S. E. Konigs-
berg.
Ascloster, t. Sweden, in S. Gothland, 12 m. N.
Wardberg.
Ascoli, t. Italy, in the Marca d'Ancona one of
the States of the Church, at the confluence of the
Castellano with Tronto river. It is the see of a
bishop. 48 m. S. Ancona. Lat. 42° 46' N.
Ascoli di Satrian'o, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 65
m. E. N. E. Naples. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Ascona, v. Swiss canton of Ticino, on lake Mag-
giore, 2 m. S. Locarno.
Ascott, t. Buckin^rham co. Lower Canada, on
the St. Francis, 67 "m. S. E. Three-Rivers, 16 N.
E. lake Memphremagog. Pop. 1,000.
Ascough, or Aiskew, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. ;,
Ascoytia, t. Spain, in Guipii3coa, on the Urola,';
6 m. E. Placentia.
ASH
AS!
Aseq, V. in French Flanders with a parish
church and 250 houses, in dep. of the North, 1
leagues from Lille.
^scrib Islands, N. of Skye. Lon. 6° 28' W.
Lat. 57° 27' N.
j^se. See Orontes.
Asmtnex), mountain, Vt. 5 m. S. W. Windsor.
It is fi,;320 feet above the level of the sea.
Asebbo, t. Egypt, 80 m. N. E. Cairo.
Asee-abad, t. Cabul, 35 m. S. E. Cabul.
Aseicu-y t. Persia, in Cuzistan, 90 m. S. Ispahan.
Asele, t. Swedish Lapland, and capital of Asele
Lapmark, 85 m. W. Umea. Lon. 17° 4' E. Lat.
64° 12' N. — The Lapmark is bounded N. W. by
Norway ; E. by Umea Lapmark ; S. by Anger-
mannland, and S. W. by Jamtland
Ascnariga, t. Cyprus, 8 m. E. Lameca.
Aserrado, r. Cuba, runs into the Spanish Main,
en the S. coast. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat. 20° N.
Asfaca, t. Persia, in Mekran, 100 m. N. N. E.
Kieh.
Asfeld-la-Fille, t. France, in Ardennes, Rethel.
Pop. 1,080. 12 leagues S. W. Mezieres.
Asfun, or Ass-fuun, city, Egypt, the ancient
Aphunis, W. of the Nile, 7 m. N. Esne,
Ash, or Esh, t. Eng. 5 m. fr. Durham. Pop. 383.
Ash, co.N.C. Pop. 3,694. Slaves, 147.
Ashaba, t. Syria, in the desert, 150 m. S. E.
Aleppo.
Ashangee, lake, in Gasta, Abyssinia, near the
source of the Tacazze.
Ashantee, Assente, or Asiente, an extensive ter-
ritory of W. Africa, situated immediately behind
the states which occupy the Gold coast. This
kingdom, the name of which till very lately had
scarcely reached Europeans, seems to be indispu-
tably the most powerful, civilized, and commer-
cial, of any on the western coast of this continent.
Ashawillet. See Ashuelot.
Ashborough, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. N. C. 85
m. W. Raleigh.
Ashbourne, t. Eng. 13 m. fr. Derby. Pop. 2,112.
Ashburgan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Balk.
Lat. 36° 44' N.
Ashburnham, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 55 m. N.
W. Boston, 30 N. Worcester. Pop. 1,036.
Ashburton, t. Eng. Devonshire. Spinning and
weaving are carried on ; and there are productive
mines of tin and copper in the neighbourhood.
Pop. 3,053. 9 m. fr. Totness, 23i E. N. E. Plym-
outh.
Ashby, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 50 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop, 1,103.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, t. Eng. Leicester co. Near
it is a mineral water called Griffydam. Pop.
3,141. 12 m. fr. Derby, 15 fr. Leicester.
Ashdod, in Sac. Geog. one of the principal
towns of the Philistines, on the S. E. coast of the
M«diterranean, 34 m. N. Gaza, 13 S. Ekron, and
34 W. Jerusalem. It was called by the Greeks,
Asotus, and is now Esdud, or Atsud.
Ashdon, or Assingdon, v. Eng. Essex co. 3 m.
fr. Saffron- Walden, 45 fr. London.
Asheref, or Ashraff, t. Persia, in Mazanderan.
The bay, § a mile from it, contains the best har-
bor on the S. side of the Caspian sea. 15 m. from
Fehrabad, 16 fr. Sari. Lon. 53° 32' E. Lat. 35°
62' N.
Ash/ere. See Esfere.
Ashjicld, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 15 m. N. W.
Northampton. Pop. 1,809.
Ashford, or Eshford, t. Eng. Kent co, 12 m. fr.
Canterbury, 67 E, S. E. London. Pop. 1,532.
Ashford, t. Eng, Derbyshire, on the Wye, Mar-
ble is cut here, and polished by machinery. IJ m.
fr. Bakewell, 154 N. W. London.
Ashford, p-t. Windham, co. Conn, 31 m. N. E.
Hartford, Pop. 2,532.
Ashkdre, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 30 m. W. Herat.
Ashley, r. S. C. rises N. of Charleston, and pass-
ing along the W. side of the city, unites with
Cooper river in Charleston harbor, 7 miles from
the ocean.
Ashmunein. See Achmunein.
Ashmun-tanah, t. Egypt, the ancient Thounis,
on a canal of the Nile, 12 m. E. Mansora.
Ashont, t. Syria, 25 m. S. Tripoh.
Ashor, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 120 m, W. N.
W, Meshed,
Ashover, t, Eng, Derbyshire, 6 m. fr. Chester-
field, 157 fr. London. Pop. 2,377.
Ash-oune-mon-kar, cape, on the coast of Al-
giers, 20 m. S. S. W. Bonjeiah.
Ashtabula, co. the N. E. part of Ohio, on Lake
Erie. Chief t. Jefferson. Pop. in 1815, 3,200.
Ashtabula, p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, 6 m. N. Jefferson. Pop, 210.
Ashtabula, r. Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 45 m,
W.Erie.
Ashton in Wakefield, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m.
fr. Newton, 195 fr. London. Pop. 4,747.
Ashton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. fr. Chester,
188 fr. London.
Ashton, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 765.
Ashton, Point, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, xn New Cornwall. Lon. 231° 8' E. Lat. 53°
50' N.
Ashton-under-Line, t. Eng. on the Tame, in
Lancashire. Pop. of the parish, 19,052. 85 m.
fr. London.
Ashtrian, t. Great Bukharia, 20 m. W, Samar-
cand.
Ashuelot, r. N. H. runs into the Connecticut at
Hinsdale, the S. W. corner of the state.
Ashuk, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the Tigi isj
25 m. E. Tecrit.
Ashville, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C-
Ashworth, t. Eng, Lancashire, 9 m, fr. Manches-
ter. Pop. 261.
Asi, r. Italy, in the States of the Church, falls
into the Tiber, near Orrieto.
Asia, one of the grand divisions of the world,
bounded N. by the Frozen ocean, E. by the Pa-
cific, S. by the Indian ocean ; on the W. separated
from Africa by the Red sea, and from Europe by
the Archipelago, the sea of Marmora, the Black
sea, and an imaginary line proceeding thence to
the shores of the Frozen ocean between 60° and
70° E. lon. It contains, according to Hassel,
16,728,002 square miles.
The countries included in it are Siberia, the
Chinese empire, Independent Tartary, India, Per-
sia, Asiatic Turkey, and Arabia ; to which may-
be added the islands constituting the empire of
Japan, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Philippine
islands, Celebes, the Spice islands, and numerous
others.
The prevailing religions are Paganism and Ma-
hometanism. The principal languages are the
Arabic, Persian, and Chinese. 'The population
is variously estimated from 250,000,000 to
600,000,000, Hassel makes it 380,000,000. The
Asiatic governments are mostly despotic monar-
chies.
The principal range of mountains is the Altay,
which in lengtli is inferior only to the great Amer-
A S N
ASP
6S
ican range, and Himmaleh range, which is the
loftiest on the globe. The principal rivers are
the Oby, the liicei, and the Lena, which flow
into the Frozen ocean; the Amour, the Hoang-IIo
Kian-Ku, and Japanese, which flow into the Pa-
cific; and the Ganges, Indus, and Euphrates,
which run into the Indian ocean.
Jlsia Minor, the most western portion of the
great continent of Asia, bounded N. by the Black
sea ; E. by the Euphrates ; W. by the Medi-
terranean, the sea of Marmora, and the straits of
the Hellespont and Bosphorus. The whole coun-
try is under the Turkish government, and it is di-
vided into several provinces, of which Natolia and
Caramania are the most important,
Asiago, one of the 7 Venetian communes in Up-
per Italy, which belongs to Austria. Tiie town of
Asiago is the seat of justice for all the cojnmunes ;
has a castle, and 11,000 inhabitants. 20 m. N.
Vicenza.
Asiakurd, t. Kurdistan, 25 m. N. N. W. Van.
Asiano, t. Italy, in Vercelli, 4 ra. S. Vercelli.
Jisikala, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, 33 m. E. N.'
E. Tavasthuus.
Asillo, t. Peru, in Asingara, on Lake Titiaca.
JVear it is a lead mine.
Asin, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 20 m. S. Amasia.
Asinara, Cape, the N. W. point of Sardinia ; off"
which is Asinara island, 10 miles long, and which
belongs, under the title of a duchy, to the marquis
of Mores. Foundlings in the king of Sardinia's
dominions, are sent to this island to be employed
in agriculture and manufactures. Lon. 8° 23' E.
Lat. 41° 5' N.
Asinello, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic. Lon.
14° 32' E. Lat. 42° 10' N.
Asir, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Nehavend.
Aska, t. Hind, in Cicalo, 36 m. N. W. Ganjam.
Askmy, t. Abascia, at the mouth of a river near
the Black sea, 100 m. N. N. W. Anakopia. Lon.
37° 40' E. Lat. 44° 6' N.
Askeaton. See Askeylon.
Askelon. See Ascalon.
Asker-Mukrem, t. Persia, in Kurdistan, 20 m. S.
Tostar.
Askeme, hamlet, Eng. in Yorkshire. It has a
mineral well. 7 m. fr. Pontefract, 196 fr. London.
Askersund, t. Sweden, in Nerike, at the N. end
of lake Wetter. Here are fabricated great quan-
tities of nails. Lon. 14° 36' E. Lat! 5S° 55' N.
Askerlon, t. Eng. Cumberland co, 8 m. fr. Car-
lisle, 312 fr. London.
Askeyton, v. Ireland, on the Deal, 16 m. S. W.
Limerick.
Askoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
Norway. Lat. 60° 27' N.
Askoe, isl. Denmark, near the north coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11° 31' E. Lat. 54° 54' N.
Askola, t. Sweden, in Nyland, 10 m. N. Borgo,
Askrigg, t. Eng. in Yorkshire , 6 m. fr. York.
Askmth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. fr. Otley.
Asian, V. Silesia, in the circle of Louenberg-
Bunzlau.
Asling, t. Upper Carniola, in the circle of Lay-
bach, 16 m. S. S. W. Clagenfurt.
Aslonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres. Pop. 2,000.
9 leagues W. Poitiers.
Asmanabad, v, Persia, in Mekran, 4 m. fr. Huf-
lur.
Asmoos, t. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
on the Rhine, opposite the pass of Luciei^teig.
Ama. See Esne.
Asna. See Houssa.
Asnabad, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 4 m. N. E.
Dai-ore.
Asiiaha, t. Hind, in Orissa, 40 m. N. W. Horr
riapour.
Asnik, t. Great Bukliaria, 60 m. E. Bulkh.
Asa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 60 m. N. Jeddo.
Asola, t. Upper Italy, on the Chiese. Pop. 4,000.
20 m. S. S. E. Brescia.
Asolo, a Venetian prefecture, in the Mark ol
Treviso, Italy, belonging iiow to the House of
Austria. It consists of the town of Asolo, and 36
villages, with 25,000 inhabitants. Pop. of the
town, 3,650. 15 m. N. W. Treviso, 45 N. E, Ve-
rona. Lon. 11° 53' E. Lat. 45° 50' N.
Asona, r. Italy, in the Marca d'Ancona, runs
into the Adriatic, 10 m. S. E. Fermo.
Asonusa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 85 m. N. Jeddcu
Asoph. See Asoph.
Asoupas, t. Persia, in Fars, 62 m. N. Shiraz.
Aspang, t. Lower Austria, in the circle below
tlie forest of Vienna, on the Trasenbach, 17 m. S.
Ebenfurth.
Aspas, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 100 m. N. W.
Sundswall. Lon. 14° 12' E. Lat. 63° 20' N.
Aspas, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 45 m. N. W. Ista-
char.
Aspe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 12 m*
W. Ah cant.
Aspect, t. France, on the Garonne. Pop. 3,22Q.
19 leagues S. W. Toulouse.
Asperen, t. Holland, on the Linge, 15 m. S. Ut-
recht, 22 E. Rotterdam.
Asperg, t. Wirtemberg, district of the Enz,
near Stutgard. It is at the head of a bailiwick.
Pop. in 1806, 1,283. See Hohendsperg.
Aspern, t. castle, and lordship, of Lower Aus-
tria, in the circle below the Mannhartsberg, 10
m. S. E. Laab.
Aspern, t. Austria, on an arm of the Danube,
the N. side of the river, below Vienna ; the scene
of a battle 21st and 22d May, 1809, between Bo-
naparte and the Austrians.
Asperskirch, t. Austria, 5 m. S. E. Peyerbach.
Asperstorf, t. Austria, 2 m. N. E. Sonneberg.
Aspeytia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the Viola,
15 m. S. St. Sebastian.
Aspido, r. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, Mar-
ca d'Ancona, run^ into the gulf of Venice near
Loretto.
Aspirau, v. France, in Herault, 7^ leagues W.
Montpelier.
Aspis, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa. Lon. 15° 50' E.
Lat. 31° 15' N.
Asplcy, V. Eng. Bedford co. 2 m. N. Woburn,
43 fr! London.
Aspo&, Swedish isl. in the Baltic, 2 m. S. W.
Cai-lscrona.
Aspra, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
province of Sabina.
Aspremont, t. Piedmont. Pop. 1,300. 2 leagues
N. Nice.
Aspremont, v. France, in Maese, 4i m. S. E. St.
Michael, 8 E. N. E. Bar-sur-Ornain.
A spres-les- Keynes, t. France, Upper Alps, 2i
leagues N. Scrres, 6 W. Gap. Pop. 900.
Aspro, or Aspro-Potamo, the ancient Acmelous,
r. Greece, runs into tlie Ionian sea, 28 m. W. Le-
panto.
Aspronisi, the ancient Therasia, isl. in the
Greek archipelago, near the W. coast of Saato-
riiii. Lon, 2»° 23' £. Lat. 3S° 30' N.
06
ASS
AST
Asprospiti, harbor, Eu. Turkey, in Lirouia, oil
the N. side of the gulf of Lepanto, 10 m. S. S. W.
Livadia.
.'ispuU, t. Eng;. Lancashire, 3 ra. fr. Wigan.
Pop. 1,650.
Jsrail, isl. Lake Menzaleh, Egypt, 12 m. S. E.
Damietta.
.■Issa, t. Cephalonia, IG m. N. N. W. Cepha-
lonia.
^ssab, isl. on tlie coast of Abyssinia. Lat. 12°
69' N.
.^ssam, or Asham^ a country between Bengal
and Thibet, intersected by the Brahmapootra,
and several other rivers; bounded N. by the
lofty mountains of Bootan and Tliibet, S. by the
Garrow mountains, ^V. by Bengal and Bisnee,
and E. by the tributaries of Ava and China. As-
sam is an unhealthy country, but very fertile, and
produces gold, ivory, lac, pepper, silk, and cotton.
Its imports from Bengal are principally salt, va-
rious European commodities, and a few fine mus-
lins. The communication with Bengal is carried
on by means of the great ri\'er Brahmapootra,
from which there is an inland navigation in every
direction.
Assan, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40 m. from
Diarbekir.
Assan, t. on the N. W. coast of Sumatra, Lon.
99° 57 E. Lat. 3° 5' N.
Assarli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. E. S.
E. Filippopoli.
Assaunen, t. Prussia, 40 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Asse, 3 towns of France, dep. of the Sarthe :
Asse le Beranger, 1 league E. Evrou : Asse, or
Aise le Boisne, 9 leagues N. E. Le Mans : and As-
se le Riboul.
Asse, r. in the county of Mark, in Westphalia,
runs into the Lippe.
Asseecoomah, district of Fantce, on the Gold
coast of Africa.
Asseeyi, t. Persia, in Lar, 10 m. N. Gombroon.
Assees Ras, cape, near the coast of Abyssinia.
Lon, 38° 18' E. Lat. 18° 24' N.
Asselbif,i. Ehg. Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Ilowdcn.
AsseJheim, v. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
near Spires.
Asseln, v. Prussian county of Mark, bailiwick
of Unna, 9 m. S. E. Paderborn.
. Absent. See Lassam.
Assem. See Ardra.
Assen, I. Holland, in Overyssel, where the pro-
vincial states were wont to assemble, on the Hoo-
rendirp. The canal between it and the Zuyder-
Zee, is about 30 miles in length. 11m. S. GiX)-
ningen.
Assenede, t. Netherlands, 1 m. S, W. Sas van
Ghent. Pop. 3,120.
AssenJieim, t. German}-, in the county of Upper
Isenburgh, in the Wetterau, at the conflux of the
Nidda and Wetter. It is in the possession of Aus-
tria. 11 m. N. E, Frankfort on the Maine, Lon.
8° 48' E. Lat. 50° 19' N,
Assens, bailiwick and s-p. on the W. coast of
the Danish island of Funen, in the Little Belt, op-
posite Holst^in,
Assents. See Ashantee.
Asserigo, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 7 m. N.
E. Aquila.
Asses Ears, isl. in the Chinese sea, Lon. 114°
7' E. Lat. 21° 55' N.
Asses Ears, 2 islands near Jnf an. Lon. 23^^ 23'
R. Lat. 32° 2' N.
Jhsin^d(r->. Spr A$hdM.
Assuuboiiis, or Red River, N. America, which
discharges its ■w'aters into the S. W. side of lake
Winnipcc. It divides at the distance of about 30
miles from the lake, into two branches. The east-
ern branch is called Red river, and the western
Assiniboins, Both are navigable for canoes to
their source, without a fall.
Assint Point, or Row Stoir, cape, Scotland, on
the W. coa«t of Sutherland co. Lon. 5° 18' W.
Lat, 58° 13' N.
Assist, t. Italv, in the pope's dominions, duchy
of Spoleto, 20 m. N. N, W. Spoleto,
Assila, t. Japan, in Ximo, 22 m, W. Mudo.
Asso, V, Upper Italy, near the source of the
Lambro.
Assodnagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, on the W.
side of the Beemah, 68 m. S. E. Poonah.
V Assomption River, Ijower Canada, runs south
into the St. Lawrence, 15 miles below Montreal.
V Assomption, v. on both sides of the above riv-
er, 10 miles above its mouth.
Asson, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, with ex-
tensive iron works. Pop. 2,490. 4 leagues S. F^
Pau,
Assonet, p-v. Bristol co. Mass. 42 m, 9. Boston.
Assonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 6i league?
N. N, E. Niort. Pop. 2,000,
Assorick, t. Thibet, 60 m, S. Gangoutry,
Assos, now Beyram, s-p. A, Turkey, in Natolia,
on the gulf of Adramitti, 32 m, W, Adramitti.
Assumar, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, S. of Porta-
legre.
Assumption, or Assongong, one of the Mari-
anne, or Ladrone islands. It is conical, rising
600 feet, covered with lava from the eruptions of
a volcano in the centre, 15 m. S. Mang, or St.
Lawrence. Lon. 140° 55' E. Lat. 19° 45' N.
Assumption, p-t. Lafourche co. Louisiana, 91
ra. fr. New Orleans. Pop. 2,472.
Assumption, or Assumpcion, cap. of Paraguay,
on the E. bank of the Paraguay, 18 miles above
the junction of the Pilcomayo. It exports hides,
tobacco, and sugar. From Buenos Ayres large
boats arrive at the city of Assumption, after two
or three months passage. Lon. 59° 35' W. Ljit.
24° 47' S.
Assumption, the name of two rivers of Mexico.
Assungiora, t. Eu, Turkey, two days' journey
W. Adrianople, on the Assum,
Assi/, t. France, in the Oise, 3i leagues S.Cres-
py, 17 S.E. Beauvais.
Assi/n-Kalesi, v. Asia Minor, in Caria, on the
site of the ancient Jasus. Lon. 27° 32' E. Lat.
37° 18' N.
Assyria, in Sac. Geog. an ancient kingdom of
Asia, It had Armenia N, Media and Persia E.
Lusiana S, and the river Tigris W. Chief t,
Nineveh,
Asta, t, Dutch Guelderland, 4 m, S, E, Culen-
burg.
Asia, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 16 m. S. Currer.
Asia, t. Peru, in Lima, 65 m. S. S. E. Pisco,
Astabat, t. Persian Armenia, on the Aras, the
ancient Araxes, 20 m. S. E. Nascivan,
Astafforf, t. France, on tlie Gers, 6 leagues N. E,
Condom,
Astafort, t. France, in the Lot and Garonne.
Pop. 4,140,
Astane, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami, 20 m. N.
W, Hami.
Astara, t Persia, 70 m. N. Reshd, 100 E. Ta-
briz. Lon, 49° E. Lat. 38° 20' N.
AST
ATA
67.
Jlstarukul, t. Persia, in Sc^stan, or SeisiaCj 100
In. N. Zareng, 220 W, N. W. Candahar.
Astee^ t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 50 m. E. S. E.
Aurungabad.
Asttn, V. Dutch Brabant. Pop. 3,280.
.listerabadj province, Persia, sometimes included
in that of Mazanderan, bounded W. by the Cas-
pian sea, S. by mountains, separating it from Dam-
gan and Bistan, E. by the 58° of E. Ion. and
N. by the Ashor. It is the ancient Hyrcania.
Astcrabad, t. Persia, cap. of the above, on the
IS. R shore of the Caspian sea, at the mouth of the
Aster, 300 m. N. N. E. Ispahan. Lon. 54° E. Lat.
J6° 44' N.
Asterwein, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 6 m. E. Os-
terrod,
Astery, r. Eng. falls into the sea at Hastings.
Astesan, or Cvunty of Asti, district, Upper It-
Jy, bounded W. by Chieri and Carmagnola, N.
by Vercellois, E. by Vercellois and Alexandrine,
S. by Gorzegno. It is about 25 miles long, and 10
broad, and forms part of the dominions of the
house of Savoy.
Asti, cap. of Astesan, in Upper Italy, on the
high road from Alessandria to Turin, 20 m. W.
Alessandria, 24 E. Turin. Pop. 22,000.
Astille, t. France, in Mayenne, 3 leagues S. W.
Laval.
Astley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. fr. Newton.
Pop. 1,723.
Astley Point, the S. point at the entrance of
Holkham bay, in Stephens' passage, on the
N. W. coast of America. Lon. 226° 35' E. Lat.
57° 39' N.
Astomia, t. on the N. coast of Candia, 12 m. E.
Retimo.
Aston, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. fr. Northwitch.
Aston, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 10 m.
S. E. Three-Rivers.
Aston-Ulthorp, hamlet, Eng. in Berkshire, 4 m.
i'r. Wallingford.
Aston Whcaton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 9 m. fr.
Wolverhampton.
Astorga, t. Spain, on a river, 17 leagues from
Leon. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 6° 225' W.
Lat. 42° 33' N.
Astoria, settlement, at the mouth of Columbia
river, on the N. W. coast of America, estabhshed
by the American Fur Company. It stands on the
S. side of the river, 14 miles from the ocean. Lat.
46°15'N.
Astrabad, point, on the N. E. coast of the Crimea.
Astracan, or Astrakhan, province of Asiatic
Russia, bordering on the Volga, the Ural, and the
Caspian sea.
Astracan, cap. of the above pi-ovince, on an
island in the Volga, about 52 miles from its mouth.
It is three miles in circumference, of very irregu-
lar figure, and surrounded by a wall. There are
25 Russian churches and 2 convents ; likewise a
church for Roman Catholics ; the Armenians
also have a metropolitan church. Peter the
Great designed to make this place a great mart for
the produce of the world, and its situation is well
calculated for such a design, being connected by
the Volga and a canal with the Baltic and north
of Europe ; by the Caspian with Persia and the
::Outh of Asia, and being near the Black sea,
through which is a communication with Africa
and the south of Europe. The population con-
.^ists of a mixture of Russians, Armenians,
Greeks, Tartars, Persians, Jews, Indians, English,
and French. The Tartars and Armenians arf;
said to be the most numerous ; and the total popu-
lation is estimated at 70,000. There are said to
be 50 manufactories of silk in the city, all in the
hands of the Armenians ; extensive saltworks are
also carried on, and maimfactures of gunpowder.
Among the exports may be enumerated fish, pig
and bar iron, about 40,000 pounds of cochineal
annually, and some indigo; woollen and linen
cloths, Russia leather, brocades, taflfetas, satin,
and foreign velvets. The imports are raw and
spun cotton, and stuffs of the same material ; raw
and manufactured silk, shawls from Thibet and
Cashmere, and some furs. There is a considera-
ble ti-ade in jewels; oriental turquoises are sold
in great number by the Astracan merchants, and
the Indians deal in rubies and emeralds. The
chief traffic with Persia is carried on by Armeni-
ans. It has suffered from conflagrations, owing to
the combustible materials of Avhich it is composed ;
but of late years an increased degree of attention
has been paid both to its safety and to its embel-
lishment. It is a station of the Scotch missionary
society ; for which its position is remarkably well
fitted, being frequented by merchants from every
nation between the Indus and the Black sea : by
meians of whom, copies of the Bible, books, and
tracts are sent to Bagdat, Persia, Bucharia, and
even to China. It contains prosperous schools,
and a printing press, from which were issued, in
a single year, more than 15,000 copies of portions
of the Bible. 330 m. S. S. E. Saratov, 1,040 S. S.
E. Petersburg. Lon. 47° 44' E. Lat. 46° 21' N.
Astrop, V. Eng. Northampton co. wiiere is a me-
dicinal spring, 5 m. W. Brackley.
Asturia, or Asturias, a principality in the north
of Spain, which forms an imequal parallelogram.
Including Montanas, it is bounded N. by the bay
of Biscay, E. by the province of Biscay, S. E. by
Old Castile, S. by Leon, and W. by Galicia. It
is commonly divided into Asturia d'Oviedo, and
Asturia de Santillana, so called from their chief
towns : Asturia de Santillana is sometimes called
Las Montanas. The whole principality is colder
than the rest of Spain, owing to its lofty and steep
mountains. The hills are covered with excellent
pastures, and a great variety of fruit trees. The
most important occupation is the breeding of cat-
tle, tlie horses being particularly noted for their
strength. In the interior are found lead, copper,
iron, magnesia, arsenic, cobalt, lapis lazuli, alum,
rock-crystal, and diflerent kinds of marble. A
considerable trade is carried on in mules and salt-
ed fish: the principal seaport is Gijon. Pop.
348,000.
Asu-ad, t. Arabia, 28 m. S. Saade.
Asylum, p-v. Bradford co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah, 176 m. above Harrisburg.
Atabulo, t. Mexico, 30 m. N. Culiacan.
Atabapu, r. Guiana, falls into the Orinoco.
Atacama, province of Peru, bounded N. by
Arica, N. E. by Lipes, S. E. by Salta and Tucu-
man, S. by the desert which separates it from Chi-
li, and W. by the Ocean.
Atacama, chief t. of the above, about 100 miles
from the coast. Lon. 69° 30' W. Lat. 23° 30' S.
Atatai/a de Alagouta, t. Portuguese Estrema-
dura, in Thomar. Pop. 1,400. 18 m. N.W.Lis-
bon.
Atalaya Sortelha, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13- m.
N. E. C'astel Branco.
Atamut, t. Persia, in Irak, 40 m. N. E. Casbin
Atanxiri, r. New Granada, enters the Mota.
A'aprcrcr^ t. Spain, in Old Castile, nearB'-rrgo?.
6d
A T H
Ataxara, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. ti*. Olita.
Atbara, a pass over the mountain Atbara, in
Geralia, Abyssinia.
Atbas, a chain of mountains on the confines of
Yakutsk in Siberia.
•Mtchafalaya, an outlet of Mississippi river,
•which leaves the main stream 2 miles below tlie
moiith of Red river, and running south, nearly
200 miles, empties into Atchafalaya Bay.
Atchekatsk, t. A. Turkey, on the Black sea, 15
m. S. W. Trebisond.
Atchencoil, t. Hind. 50 m. E. Travancore.
Atchinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tchulim,
546 m. S. S. E. Tobolsk. Lon. 89°36'E. Lat.
56° 20' N.
Atchirskai, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
28 m. S. E. Omsk.
Atelluy t. Naples, in Ba^ilicata, 37 m. W. Ma-
tera.
Atena, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 10 m. W.
Marsico Nuovo.
Afjieh, t. Egypt, on a canal of the Nile, 35 m. S.
Cairo. Lon. 31° 8' E. Lat. 29° 28' N.
Ath, or Aeth, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on
the Dender, noted for its manufactures of linen.
It has also bleachfields and iron works, and a con-
siderable trade. 18 m. N. W. Mons, 25 S. W.
Brussels. Pop. 7,650.
Aihaboli, or Agastoboli, t. Eu. Turkey, on the
Black sea, in Romania, 68 m. N. E. Adrianople.
Athapescow, lake, in the north-west part of N.
America, in 59° N. lat. and 110° W. Ion. Its wa-
ters flow through Slave river into Slave lake.
Athboy, t, Ireland, in Meath, 29 m. N. W. Dub-
lip.
Athee, t. France, in Mayenne, on the Oudon, 5
leagues S. S. W. Lava.
Athee, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on the
left bank of the Cher, 3 leagues S. W. Amboise.
Athelney, islet, Eng. in Somersetshire, at the
junction of the 'Thone and Parlet, a few miles be-
low Taunton.
Athelstaneford, v. Scotland, Haddington co. 17
m. E. Edinburgh.
Atlienah, t. 'Turkish Armenj^i, on the Black sea,
7 m. W. Trebisond.
AlhenaSf t. Egypt, 5 m. W. Benisuef.
Athene, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 18 m. N.
Policastro.
Athenry, v. and bor. Ireland, in Galway co. 10
m. E. Galw ay.
Athens, (now called Serines,) anciently the cap-
ital of Attica, and the birth place of the most
distinguished orators, philosophers, and generals
of antiquity, is now an insignificant town in the
Turkish province of Livadia. It stands on the
rivulets of Ilissus and Cephissus, a few miles from
the wes'ern shore of Attica, 100 m. N. E. Misitra
(Sparta), and above 300 S. W, Constantinople.
There are still, in the public edifices of this city,
ample testimonies of its former grandeur. The
relics of art seemhere indeed to have been watch-
ed over by a particular providence ; for while the
ruins of Delphos, Delos, Olympia, Argos, Sparta,
and Corinth, disappoint the traveller by their in-
significance, those of Athens rrmain, for the most
part, in a state little inferior to their original
splendour. The hard and stony soil on which the
principal part of the city was built, has prevent-
ed any considerable sinking of the temples and
ether great monuments in a lapse of more than
2000 years. Add to this, that a dry atmosphere
has protected the stone from corrosion, an4 pre-
A T I
served to the work of the architect and statuary all
their original gloss and polish. The modern town
is a small open place, with narrow and crooked
streets. The houses are mostly mean and strag-
gling. The population is from 8,000 to 10,000,
of whom one-fourth are Turks, and the remain-
der Greeks. Lon. 23° 53' E. Lat. 38° 2' N.
Athens, t. Somerset co. Maine, 22 m. N. E, Nor-
ridgewock, 50 N. Hallowell. Pop. 374.
Athens, t. Windham co. Vt. 26 m. S. E. Windsor.
Pop. 478.
Athens, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
opposite Hudson city, 28 m. below Albany. Pop.
about 1,000.
Athens, p-t. Bradford co. Pa. on tlie Susquehan-
nah, at the junction of the Tioga. Pop. 759.
Athens, p-t. Clarke co. Geo. 70 m. N. Milledge-
ville. Franklin college in this place, commenced
operation in 1803. It has a president, 4 profess-
ors, 2 tutors, and about 50 students. Its funds are
100,000 dollars in bank stock, and 50,000 acres of
land ; 12,000 dollars have been appropriated to
the purchase of a library and philosophical appar-
atus.
Athens, t. Limestone co. Alabama.
Athens, co. Ohio, on the Hockhocking, at its
junction with the Ohio river. Chief t. Athens.
Pop. in 1815, 3,960.
Athens, p-t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio, on the
east bank of the Hockhocking, 37 miles above its
confluence with the Ohio, 40 W. Marietta, 52
E. Chillicothe. The Ohio university is established
here. It has funds in land which yield an annu-
al income of 2,500 dollars ; and a spacions brick
building, erected in 1818.
Atherjield Point, on the S. coast of the Isle of
Wight. Lon. 1° 13' W. Lat. 50° 36' N.
Atherstone, t. Eng. Warwickshire, 13 m. from
Coventry.
Atherstone upon Stovr, v. Eng. in Warwick-
shire, 3m. S. Stratford on Avon.^
Atherton, or Chowbent, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Pop. 3,794. 7 m. S. W. Boston.
Athie, or Athies, v. France, in Somme, on the
Amignon, 1 1 leagues E. Amiens.
Alhis, t. Normandy, in Orne, 6 leagues N. Dom-
front. Pop. 3,350.
Athlone, t. Ireland, Westmeath co. on the Shan-
non, 55 m. W. Dublin.
Athol, a mountainous district of Scotland, in the
northern part of Pertlishire, about 45 miles long,
by 40 broad.
Athol, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 71 m. N. W.
Boston, 33 N. W. Worcester. Pop. 1,041.
Athol, t. Warren co. N. Y. 65 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 443.
Alhos, Mount, now called Monte Santo, a lofty
mountain in Macedonia, on a peninsula formed by
the gulfs ofContessa and Monte Santo, W. of fthe
island of Lemnos. It is protected by fortifications
from the incursions of the corsairs, and inhabited
by about 6000 monks, who are chiefly supported
by the voluntary contributions of the Greek
Christians in Russia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and
other countries. Lon. 24° 30' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
A/.hy, t. Ireland, Kildare co. intersected by the
BaiTow, which is navigable here ; and the navi-
gation is extended by a canal to Dublin. 32 m»
SrW. Dublin.
Alia, t. in the Arabian Irak, 70 m. E. of Hama-
dan.
Atialis, isl. off the coast of Brazil. Lon. 50°
36' W. Lat. 0° 5' S.
ATT
Mico, t. Peru, in Arequipa, 50 m. N. N. W.
Gamanau
Atienca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 20 m. N. Si-
guenca.
Atiggio, t. in Italy, 12 m. S. Camerina.
Atino, t Naples, in Terra di Bavoro, 10 m. N.
Aquino.
Atipalli, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m. N. W. Oussoor.
Atkarsk, t. Russia, 52 m. from Saratov.
Atkinson, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 556. Here is an academy.
Atkinson, Point, on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 5' E. Lat.
49° 21' N.
Alkueri, t. Turkish Armenia. 21 m. E. Aghal-
zighe.
Atlantic Ocean, lies between Europe and Afri-
ca, on the E. and America on the W. It is 3,000
miles wide.
Atlas, chain of mountains, stretching through
Barbary, and dividing its cultivated territory from
the vast desert of sand which fills the greater part
of central and northern Africa. The part of this
chain along the eastern boundary of the empire
of Morocco, is by far the loftiest. According to
repeated observations, it rises to upwards of 13,000
feet ; and its summits, even in this tropical region,
are covered with perpetual snow. As the chain
alters its direction, and stretches through eastern
Barbary, it diminishes considerably in height,
and spreads into various branches.
Atlim, t. Siberia, in Tobolsk, on the Ob. Lon.
67° 14' E. Lat. 62° 5' N.
Allisco, t. Mexico, in Puebla, 20 m. S. W. La
Puebla de los Angelos.
Atolonisco, t. Mexico, in New Biscay, 140 m.
N. W. Durango.
Atooi, or Atoway, one of the larger Sandwich
islands, N. W. of Owhyhee, in the Pacific ocean,
about 30 miles in length. It has a good roadstead
on the S. W. side, called Wymoa. Pop. estimated
at 54,000. From the frequent visits of British
jliavigators, some of the natives can now converse
in English, and several Europeans reside among
them. Lon. 159° 40' W. Lat. 21° 57' N.
Atouguia, t. Portugal, on the coast of Estrema-
dura, 3 m. E. Peniche. Pop, 1,300.
Atoyaque, r. Mexico in New Spain, falls into the
Pacific, in 18° N. Lat. On it is the natural bridge
Ponti di Dio, over which coaches and carriages
conveniently pass, 100 m. S. E. Mexico,
Atqitar, t. Hind. 10 m. S. Timeyrcotta.
Atrato, r. Darien, rises in the mountains of Cho-
co, andrunning from S. to N.more than 95 leagues,
falls into the gulf of Darien in Lon. 77° 6. W. Lat.
8° 2' N.
Atri, or Atria, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 28
m. N. E. Aquila.
Atshar, t. Little Bukharia, 80 m. E. N. E. Ascu.
Atsion, V. Gloucester co. N. J. 60 m. S. E. Phil-
adelphia,
Attacoor, t. Hind, in tlie Carnatic, 30 m, N. N.
W. Vellore.
Attakapas, co. Louisiana, on the gulf of Mexico,
W. of the Atchafalaya. Chief t. Franklin. Pop.
7,639; slaves 3,131.
Attakapas, p-t. Attakapas district, Louisiana.
Attakkeni, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 44 m. N.
W. Eregri.
Attancala, t. Hind. 67 m. N. W. Cape Comorin.
Altancourt, v. France, on the Blaise, in Upper
Marne, 11 leagues S. E. Chalons-sur-Mame.
Attanff, V. Upper Egypt, 30 m. S. Girge,
A V A
e9
Altellura, or Af.eUari, r. Sicily, runs into the
Mediterranean, between Syracnse and Cape Pas-
saro.
Attenagal, t. Ceylon, 25 m. N. E. Colombo.
Attendom, t. Westphalia, 45 m. E. N. E, Co-
logne.
Attenhme, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. E. Landen.
Attercliffe, t. Eng. Yorkshire, l.V m. S. E. Shef-
field. Pop. 2,673.
Attersee, lake, Austria, circle of Hausruck.
Attery, r. Eng. runs into the Tamar near Laun-
ceston.
Attia, t. Persia, in Seisten, 25 m. W. Harra.
Attica, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 12 m. S. Batavia.
Attichy, t. France, on the Aisne, in Oise, 4
leagues N. N. W. Soissons.
Attigny, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
11 leagues N. E. Rheims.
Attimis, t. Italy, in theFriuli, 9 m. N.E.Udina.
Attleborough, t. Eng. Norfolk co. Pop. 1,413.
12 m. from Thetford and Norwich.
Attlebormigh, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 29 m. S. W.
Boston, 9 N. Providence. Pop. 2,716.
Altieborough, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Phil-
adelphia,
Attlebury, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 63 m. S. Al-
bany.
Attack, or Attack Benaras, t. and fort on the E.
bank of the Indus, in lon. 71° 15' E. lat. 33° 6' N.
Attoor, t. Hind. 6 m. S. S. W. Dindigul.
Attoor, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 50 m. N. Trichi-
nopoly.
Attuie, t. Arabia, 76 m. W. S. W. Saade.
Attyah, t. and district, Bengal, N. W. Dacca.
Atued, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, 18 m. S. E.
Lidkoping.
Atuntash, 1. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 18 m. S. S.
E. Kutayeh.
Atunxauxa, t. Peru, 70 m. E. Lima.
Atures, Falls of, intlie Orinoco, about 100 miles
from its mouth.
Atwater, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuy»hoga riv-
er, 15 m. W. Ravenna.
Atwood''s Keys, islands among the Bahamas.
Lon. 73° 40' W. Lat. 23° 8' N.
Atybach, v. Germany, in Nassau-Weilburg, be-
tween Giesseii and Wetzlar. Pop. 5,000.
Au, t. Bavaria, in Iser, 12 m. N. W. Mosburg.
Au, t. Lower Austria, on ^the Danube, in the
quarter below the Muhl ; another in the quarter
below the Foi'est of Vienna ; also a village in Sua-
bia, on the Bregentz.
Au, V. Baden, on the Rhine, circle of the Mai^,
bailiwick of llastadt.
Au, or Aubach, r. Bavaria, rises near Ober-
Mennichau, and running through Thurnau, joins
the Maine 4 miles below.
Ava. See Birman Empire.
Am, or Aungiva, the ancient capital of the Bir-
man empire. It is now deserted, the seat of gov-
ernment having been transferred to Umrapora, 4
miles distant. Lat. 21° 51' N. Lon. 95° 58' E.
Ava, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 12 m, N, W.
Alanieli.
Aval. See Bahhrein Islands.
Avalas, t. Servia, 12 m. S. Belgrade.
Avalon, peninsula, the S. E. corner of New-
foundland, joined to the island by a neck of land
between Placencia and Trinity bays.
Avalon, t. France, in Yonne, on the Cousia,
Pop. 4,200 ; 20 leagues W. Dijon.
Avar, Aioar, or Oar, city of Russia, in the east-
em parts ofCaucasu?.
7a
A U B
A V £
Axary.^ t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 12 m. N.
£. Blois.
Avatscha, hay, on the E. coast of Kamtschatka,
into which the Avatschka and Paratounka or II-
mitsh empty. It is about 25 miles in circumfer-
ence, its entrance is 4 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide.
Lon. 158° 49' E. Lat. 52° 51' N.
Acaux, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
near Rheims. Pop. 1,500.
Aub, or Amv, t. Bavaria, on the Gollach, 17 m.
S. Wurtzburg.
Aitdagne, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
Pop. 6,600. 17 leagues N. W. Aix.
Avhau, t. France, in Gard, 10 m. S. W.
Nismes. ,
Aube, r. France, rises in tlie department of Up-
per Marne, and falls into the Seine, a few miles
above Nogent-sur-Seine.
Atibe, A department of France, bounded N. by
Marne, E. by Upper Marne, S. E. by Cote d'Or,
S. \V. by Yonne, and N. W. by Seine and Marne.
Pop. in"l815, 223,819. The capital is Troyes.
,Aubel, V. Netherlands, in Limburg, near Dar-
thejm. Pop. above 3,000.
Aubenas, t. France, on tlie Ardeche, 5 leagues
S. W. Privas. Pop. 3,315.
Aubenton, t. France, on the Aube, in Aisne, 6
leagues S. W. Rocroy. Pop. 1,100.
Auberg, t. Upper Austria, on the Danube, op-
posite Lintz.
Auierive, L France, in Marne, 6^ leagues E.
Rheims.
Auberive, v. France, in Isere, 17 leagues W.
Grenoble ; another in Upper Marne, 8 leagues S.
Chaumont.
Auberoche, v. France, in Dordogne, 6 m. E.
Perigueux.
Aubert GalUon, seigniory, Buckingham and
Dorchester cos. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere,
55 m. S. E. Quebec.
Aubeterre, t. France, on the Drone, in Cha-
jrente, 9 leagues S. Angouleme.
Aubette, r. France, joins the Seine near Rouen.
Auberilliers, t. France, 3 m. N. N. E. Paris ;
another in Somme, 5 leagues S. E. Amiens.
Aubieres, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 1 league
S. E. Clermont-Ferrand.
Aubiers,t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 16 leagues
N. Niort.
Aubiet, t. France, in Gers, 9 m. E. Auch.
Aubignac, t. France, in Indre, 18 leagues S. W
Bourges.
Aubignan, t. France, 5i leagues N.E.Avignon.
Pop. 1,320.
Aubigne, t. France, 5 leagues from La Flechc.
Aubigny, or Avigny, t. France, in Cher, on the
Nesse, 14 leagues S. E. Orleans. Pop. 2,550.
II Aubigny, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 2 j leagues
W. Arras; another in Loire and Cher, 7
leagues S. Orleans.
Aubin, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. S. W. Neufchatel.
Aubing, V. Bavaria, 4 m. from Munich.
Aubondange, v. France, in Meurthe, 8i leagues
N. E. Nancy.
Aubonnc, t. Switzerland, in Vaud, 11m. W. S.
W. Lausanne. Pop. 1,600.
Auburn. See Albourne.
Aubunu p-v. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. in the
township of Aurelius, at the outlet of Owasco lake,
170 m. W.Albany, on the great western turnpike.
Pop. in 1817, about 2,000. It has numerous mills
and manufactories, and a state prison large enough
to contain 1,000 prisoners. A Presbyterian Tileo
logical Seminary has been lately established here.
Aubusson, t. France, on the left bank of the
Creuse, 16 leagues S. E. Limoges. Pop. 3,520.
Auca, t. on the confines of Persia, 170 m. S. S<
W. Bulkh.
Auch, or Ausch, t. France, in Gers. Here are
manufactures of serge and of the coarse woollens
called barat ; also tanneries. Pop. 8,800. 16
leagues W. Toulouse.
Auche-cn-Braye, v. France, Lower Seine, 2 m.
E. Tournay.
Auchterarder, t. Scotland, in Perthrhire. Pop,
of the parish 2,508, 15 m. S. S. W. Perth.
Auchtemmchty, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire. Pop,
2,403. 9 m. W. Cupar.
Auchy, t. France, on the Authie, in Pas de Ca-
lais, 8 leagues S. E. MontreuiL Pop. 2,000.
Aucland, Bishops, t. Eng. Durham co. Pop.
1,807. 12 m. S. S. W. Durham.
Auckland, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
85 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Auckland, West, t. Eng. Durham co.
Aude, r. France, rises in the eastern Pyrenee,";,
empties N. E. of Narbonne, into lake VendreK..
which communicates with the Mediterranean.
Avtde, a department of France, bounded N. E
by Herault, N. by Tarn, E, by the Mediterrane-
an, S, by eastern Pyrenees, and W. by Arriege.
Pop. 240,993. The capital is Carcassonne.
Audene, isl. in the North sea, 30iniles long and
10 broad, 40 m. from Norway. Lat, 60° 12' N.
• Audenge, t. France, 7 leagues W. S. W. Bour-
deaux.
Audierne, t. France, in Finisterre,7 leagues VV,
Quimper.
Audbuo^irt, v. France, on the Doubs, 4 m. E.
S. E. Montbelliard.
Audrieu, or Andrieu, t. France, in Calvados, 3
leagues W, Caen,
Aiidrutck, t, France, 4 leagues S. E, Calais.
Audun-le-Roman, v. France, in Moselle, 4
leagues S. E. Longwy.
Aue, t. Saxony, in Schwartzenburg, on the
Mulda, 10 m. S. E. Zwickau.
Aue, r. Hanover, joins the Gosche nearllien-
worth, to form Medem river; another in Holstein,
runs into the Elbe. It is navigable to Elmshorn ;
another falls into the Weser ; another falls into
the Seine, near Blumenau.
Ave, r. Portugal, falls into the Atlantic, N.Oporto.
Avebury. See Abury.
Avegos, t. Portugal, in Beira, 1 6 m. S. W, Lamego.
Avein, t. Luxemburg, 6 m. N. Rochefort.
Aieiras de Baixas, t. Portuguese Estremadura,
15 m. S. W. Santarem.
Aveiras de Cuina, t. Portuguese Estremadura,
12 m. S. W. Santarem
Aceiro, t, Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 7,000. 33
m. S. Oporto.
Avelghem, t. Netherlands, near Courtrai. Pop.
3,350.
Avelim, t. Hind, in Soonda, 14 m. S. Goa.
Avella, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 15 m. E.
Naples.
Avellino, t. Naples, in principiito Ultra, 25 m.
E, Naples. It is the see of a bishop. Pop, 9,000.
Aven, r, France, falls into the sea, S, E, Brest.
Avenay. t, France, in Marne, 13 m, W, N. W,
Chalons-sur-Marne.
Avenches, or Wiffiis, t. Switzerland, 18 m. S. W
Berne.
AUG
- Ujtier, r. Lithuania, runs into the Aregel, 12 m.
W. Insterburg.
Auerhach, t. in the Saxon part of Vogtla6d, 60
m. W. S. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,000.
jivernakoe, isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of
Fyen. Lon. 10° 18' E. Lat. 55° 2' N.
Avemo, Lago d\ a lake near Pozzuolo, in Terra
diLavora, Naples.
Averon, isl. in the North sea, near Norway.
Lat. 63° 6' N.
Aversa, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora, the an-
cient A tella. It is the seat of a bishop, of a royal
governor, and a judge. Pop. 13,800. 8 m. N. Na-
ples.
Autrstadt, v. Thuringia, 22 m. N. E. Erfurt, on
the road to Leipzig.
Averto, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near Friuli.
Lat. 45° 46' N.
Avery, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Avery- sboro, p-t Cumberland co. N. C on Cape
Fear river, 25 m. above FayetteviUe.
Aues, isl. 16 leagues from the coast of Venezue-
la. Lon. 16° W. Lat. 1 1° 56' N-
Ares, or Bird's Island, West Indies, Lat. 15° SC
N. Lon. 63° 15' W.
Avesa, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic, near Ri-
mini.
Avesh, or Os, t. Turkestan, near the Sir, 80 m,
S. S. E. Andegan.
Avesnes, t. France, on the Hepres, 3 leagues
from Maubenge, in North. Pop. 2,700.
Aveslad, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, near Fahlun,
with a copper refinery, and forges for copper^ iron,
and nails.
Ai-eurdre, t. France, on the left bank of the
Allier, 6 leagues S. S. W. Nevers.
Aveyro7i, r. France, runs into tlie Tarn, 8 m.
above Montauban. It is navigable to Negrepelisse.
Aveyrcyn, department of France, bounded N. by
Cantal, N. E. by Lozere, E. by Card, S. E. by
Herault, S. Yf. by Tarn, and W. by Lot. Pop.
318,047.
Avezo, V. Spain, in Galicia, 6 m. from Astorga.
Avessano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra. Pop.
2,700. 6 m. S. W. Celano, 18 S. Aquila.
Avffay, V. France, in Lower Seine, on tlie Seye,
7 leagues N. Rouen.
Auge, or Ange, v. France, in Deux-Serres, 7
leagues S. E. Niort.
Auge, T. France, runs into the Aube, near An-
glure.
Axigila, district and t. of Africa, on the route
between Siwah and Fezzan, nominally sfibject to
Tripoli.
Auglaize, r. Ohio, runs N. into the Maumee, at
Fort Defiance.
Augsburg, city in Bavaria, (formerly fi;pe and
imperial,) at the conflux of tlie Lech and Wertach,
40 m, N. W. Munich. There are here manufac-
tures in silver, fine cotton, wire, and tobacco.
The engraving on copper affords support to many.
Another important branch of traffic is bookselling
and publishing, especially in Catholic literature.
The celebrated Augsburg confession of faith was
here presented by Luther and Melancthon, in
1530, to tlie emperor Charles V. and the princes
of the empire. Lon. 10° 53' E. Lat. 48° 17' N.
Pop. 30,000.
Augsburg, a secularised bishopric of Germany,
now forming part of Bavaria. It took its name
from the city of Augsburg.
Augst, or Kaiser'' s Augst, v. Switzerland, in the
Frickthal, ca.ntoa of Aargati ; another opposite to
AVI
71
it, beloi^ing to the town of Bale, 6 lu. E. Bale ;
another in Zurich, district of Horgen ; another in
Zurich, district of Knonau.
Augusta, t. Grenville co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Kennebeck co. Maine, on
the Kennebeck, 45 miles from its mouth, 2 N.
Hallowell, 56 N. E. Portland. The river is nav-
igable to this place lor vessels ef 100 tons. Pop.
1,805. ,
Augusta, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 ni. S. W. Uti- "X
ca. Pop. 2,004. ^}
Augusta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. C
Augusta, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 79 m. N. Tren-
ton.
Augusta, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the E.
side of the Susquehanna, 40 m. N. Harrisburg. a^
Pop. 1,373. o"?^
Augusta, a centr'al co. Va. Chief t StaufaJwiJe.
Pop. 14,308 ; slaves 2,880.
Augusta, city 9nA c?i^. Richmond co. Geo. on
Savannah river, just below the falls ; 127 miles N.
W. Savannah, by land, 340 by water, and 86 N.
E. Milledj?eville. Pop. in 1810, 2,476, and in
1819, more than 4,000. It is well situated for
commerce. Large quantities of cotton and other
produce are brought to Augusta from the back
country, and carried down the river to Savannah.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Bracken co. Kentijcky,
on the Ohio, 90 m. N. E. Frankfort, 22 below
Maysville. Pop. 255.
Augusta, t. Columbiana co, Ohio.
Augusta Point, the N. E. point of king Geot^e
Ill's archipelago. Lon. 225° 10' E. Lat. 58° 3' N.
Augustana, t. Croatia, 12 m. S. Agram.
Augustine, St. See St. Augustine.
Augustow, or Augustowo, t. Poland, in Lomza^
56 m. N. W. Bielsk. Pop. 2,000.
Auhaff, t. Austria, 6 m. S. S. W. Ips.
Auftausen, v. Bavaria, circle of the Rezat, on
the Wernitz.
Auhr, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 5 m. S. W. Leib-
muhl.
Aviano, t. Italy, in Friuli, 28 m. W. Udina, 15
E. S. E. Belluno.
Avido, t. A. Turkey, on the Hellespont, 17 m.
S. W. Lampsaki. Lon. 26° 28' E. Lat. 40° 7' N.
Avigliano, v. Piedmont, in Susa. Pop. 2,880.
11 m. W. Turin.
Avigliano,t. Naples, in Otranto, 7 m. E.Otranto.
Aviglione, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 13m. W. Op-
pido.
Avignon, citj', France, on the Rhone, capital
of the dep. of Vaucleusc, 16 leagues N. W. Aix,
168 S. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 53' E. Lat. 43° 56' N.
It was the scat of tlie popes from 1307 till 1377,
and in 1348, the reigning pope, ClemetitVI. bought
the sovereignty of Avignon for 80,000 golden flor-
ins. Its formal cession by the Pope to France was
stipulated in the treaty of Tolentino on the 19th
February 1797. Avignon was formerly the seat
of an archbishop ; at present it is the see of a bish-
op. Pop. 23, 211.
Avignonet, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 8
leagues S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,760.
Avila, province, Spain, in Old Castile, inclosed
by those of Salamanca, Valladolid, Ses:ovia, and
Toledo. Pop. in 1787, 113,762. The chief town,
Avilla, is on the Adaga, and was once one of the
richest cities in Spain. Pop. 4,000. 50 m. N. W.
Madrid. Lon. 5° W. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Avila, or Aviles, t. Spain, in Asturia, near the
bay of Biscay, 15 m. N. Oviedo.
72
A V O
A U R
^vila FuentBy t Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. Ir,
Segovia.
.'Iviles, t. Portugal, on the coast of Oporto. Pop.
• 2,300.
jivin, t. Hind. 24 m. N. E. Coimbetore.
jivire, t France, in Mayenne, 6 leagues N. W.
Angers.
^vis, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m. N. W. Es-
tremoz. Pop. 1,500.
jivis, V. Tyrol, on the Adige, in Trent.
Aciso, t. jVaples, in Lavora, 6 m. E. Sora.
Avize, t, France, in the Gard, 18 m. S. Rheims.
AlUaine, t. Fi-ance, in Sarthe, 5 leagues from
LeMans.
Aulapaladurgan, t. Hind, in Mysore, 15 m. S.
W. Dalmacherry.
Aulas, t. France, in Gard, 15 leagues W.
Nismes.
Auiaster. See Alcester.
AiUdeam, v. Scotland, Nairn co. Pop. 1,406.
3 m. S. E. Nairn.
Aulendorf, t Suabia, 8 m. N. Ravensburg. Pop.
1,900.
Auletta, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 4 m. W.
S. W. Cangiano, 32 S. E. Salerno.
Aulnay, 2 towns, France, in Calvados. Pop. of
one 1„500; of the other, 2,000.
Aulnay, t. France, in Lower Charente. Pop.
1,250. 7 leagues N. N. E. Saintes.— Another in
Vienne, 16 leagues N. N. W. Poitiers.
Aulona. See Valona.
Aulps, t. France, in Var. Pop. 3,000.
Ault, s-p. France, in Somme, 6 leagues W. Ab-
beville.
Auma, t. Germany, belonging to Prussia, 44 m.
S. S. W. Leipsic,
Aumale, t. France, in Lower Seine. Pop. 1,720.
Aumignon, r. France, falls into the Somme
above Seronne.
Aumootina, t. Hind, in Mysore, 17 m. W. S. W.
Periapatam.
Aim, t. Persia, in Seistan, 130 m. S. S. E. Za-
reng,
Aunay, v. France, in Nievre, 8i leagues E, N.
E. Nevers.
Aunt, r. Eng. falls into the sea near Plymouth.
Auneau, or Auneaux, t. France, in Eure and
Loire, 5 leagues E. Chartres.
Auneuil, t. France, in Oise, 2 leagues S. W.
Beauvais. Pop. 1,080.
Aunis, province of France, in Lower Charen-
tes.
Aunoe, isl. Denmark, off the S. W. coast of Zea-
land. Lon. 11° 46' E. Lat. 55° 5' N.
Auntao, t. Chili, on the coast, 200 m. S. Val-
^via. Lat. 42° 5^ S.
§ Avogli, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 50 m. S. E. Ta;
bris.
Avoise, t. France, in Sarthe, 12 m. from La
Fleche.
Avola, t. Sicily, in Val di Noto, 3 m. N. E. Note.
Aron, r. Scotland, falls into the Spey ; another
falls into the Clyde, near Hamilton ; another runs
between the counties of Stirling and Linlithgow,
into the frith of Forth, W. of Borrowstounness.
Avon, r. Eng. falls into the English channel.
The lower part is navigable for large vessels.
Another, runs into the Severn near Berkely ; an-
other, joins the Severn at Bristol. It is naviga-
ble to Bath; another, joins the Severn at Tewks-
bury.
Avon, r. Wales, runs into the Bristol channel, 6
m. S. Neath ; another, flows into the Irish sea at
Barmouth.
Avon, r. Nova Scotia, falls into the Atlantic E-
of Halifax.
Avon, t. Somerset co. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Nor-
ridgewock.
Avon, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee river,
21 m. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 1,880.
Avostola, r. Piedmont, runs into the Cervo, 2^
m. W. Buronza.
Avova, Cape, Caramania, on the W. side of the
bay of Adalia.
Avoyelles, parish, Louisiana, S. of Red river.
Chief t. Avoyelles. Pop. 1,209.
Avoyelles, p-t. Avoyelles district, Louisiana.
Aupach, r. Bohemia, runs into the Eger near-
Carlsbad.
Aupitsbach, r. Saxony, in Thuringia, falls into
the Grumbach, 5 m. E. Weissenfels.
Aurach, t. Germany, on the Iller, 3 m. S. W.
Bamberg ; another in Wirtemberg, 9 m. E. N. E.
Wurzach.
Aurach, r. Franconia, falls into the Regnitz near
Erlangen.
Aurainville, t. France, in Meurthe, 6 m. N.
Toul.
Aurajocki, r. Finland, runs into the gulf of Both-
nia, a little below Abo.
Auran, t. Syria, 60 m. S. Damascus.
Avranches, t. France, in La Manche, half a
league from the sea. Small vessels come up the
river Seez, close to the town. Pop. 6,000. 222
m. W. Paris.
Auray, t. France, on the gulf of Morbihan, 4
leagues W. Vannes. Pop. 3,200.
Auray, r. France, runs into the English chan-
nel. Lat 47° 34' N.
Aurbach, t. Upper Palatinate of Bavaria, 30
m. N. E. Nuremberg.
Aurbach, r. Germany, runs into the Lahn, 2 m.
above Nassau.
Aure, r. France, falls into the Eure ; another,
joins the Drome below Bayeux.
Aurec, t, France, in Upper Loire, 9 m. S. W.
St. Etienne.
Aurelius, p-t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. on
Cayuga lake. Pop. 4,642. It contains three post
villages, Auburn, Cayuga, and Union Springs.
Aurelte, r. France, falls into the Eure near
Bourges.
Auriac, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m. ?
E. Toulouse.
Aurich, cap. of the principality of East Fries -
land, in the kingdom of Haiwver. Pop. 2,200.
It is connected by a canal with Embden. 12 m .
N. E. Embden.
Auriga, t. Italy, in the Valteline, 21 m. S. S.W.
Bormib.
Aurige, or Laurige, r. France, runs into the
Garonne above Toulouse.
Aurignac, t. Gascony, in Upper Garonne, 14
leagues S. E. Touluose.
Aurigny, isl. France, in the English channel, 20
m. N. Jersey, 7 W. Cape La Hogue.
Aurillac, t. France, on the Jordane, in Cantal.
Pop. in 1815, 10,332. Ill leagues S. Paris.
Aurille, t. France, in Mayenne-and-Loire, 1
league N. W. Angers.
Auriol, t. France, in MouUis-of-the-Rhone, 5
leagues N. E. Marseilles. Pop. 3,700.
Aw-ipa, t. North Finland, 62 m. S. S. E. Bior-
neborg.
A U S
Aarith, or Uhrt, t. New Mark of BrandcaLurg,
■in the Oder, 6 m. S. Frankfort.
Auroir, t. France, in Cher, 7 m. N. W. San-
coins.
Aurohmunster, t. Upper Austria, 16 m. S. Passau.
Auron, r. France, falls into the Eure below
Bourges.
Auronsa, t. Italy, in the Cadorin, 7 m. N. Ca-
dora.
Aurora, p-v. Caynga co. N. Y. on Cayuga lake,
16 m. S. W. Auburn.
Aurora, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv-
er, 10 m. N. W. Ravenna. Pop. 189.
Aurora Islayid, one of the New Hebrides. Lon.
168° 24' E. Lat. 15° 6' N.
Auros, V. France, in Gironde, 12 leagues S. E.
Bourdeaux.
AurouT, t. France, in Lozere, 7^ leagues N. E.
Mende.
Aurumoir, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 18 m. N.
Jndelovoy.
Ausa, r. Italy, enters the Adriatic sea at Rimini.
Ausche, t. Bohemia, 8 m. E. N. E. Leutmeritz.
Aush, i. Turkestan, 70 m. E. Toncat.
Auspitz, t. Moravia, circle of Brunn. Pop.
2,215. 42 m. S. S. W. Olmutz.
Aussee, t. Inner-Austria, 48 m. W. N. W. Ju-
denburg.
Aussee, v. Moravia, 12 m. N. N. W. Olmutz.
Aussergefdd, t. Bohemia, circle of Prackatitz,
6 m. W. Winterberg.
Aussig, or Ausli, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 10
m. N. W. Leutmeritz.
Auslj v. Eng. Gloucestershire, on the left side
■of the Severn, 12 m. fr. Bristol.
Aust, r. Bavaria, passes by Au, and flows into
ihe Danube.
Austerfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Bawtry.
Auslerlits, or Slawkow, t. Moravia, in the circle
of Brunn, 12 m. E. S. E. Brunn. Pop. 1,620.
Near this place a great battle was fought, on the
2d December, 1805, between the French com-
manded by Bonaparte, and the united forces of
Austria and Russia, with their respective sove-
reigns at their head. This battle ended in the
total discomfiture of the Austro-Russian army.
Austemld, isl. in the North sea, near Norway.
Lat. 60° 2' N.
Av^linburg, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand
river, 3 m. W. Jefferson.
AustinsviUe, p-t. Wythe co. Va. on the Kenha-
wa, 284 m. S. W. Richmond.
Austin'' s Creek, Georgia^ runs into the Savan-
nah, 12 m. N. Savannah.
Austintown, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. S.
Warren. Pop. 440.
Austonley, or Austenley, t. Eng. in Yorlcshire, 4
m. fr. Huddersfield.
Australasia, in modern Geography, the fifth
great division of the globe. It includes the nu-
merous islands which lie between the limits of 3°
N. and 50° S. lat. and between 95° and 185° E.
lon. It embraces New Holland, Van Diemen's
Land, Papua or New Guinea, New Britain, New
Ireland, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, to-
gether with a multitude of smaller islands sur-
rounding them in all directions.
Australia del Espiritu Santo. See Hebrides,
JVcw.
Austria, circle of, the largest of the ten circles
into which the empire of Germany was divided.
It was bounded N. by Bohemia and Moravia ; E.
by Hungary ; S. by the gulf of Venice and Italy ;
10
A U S
'71i
and W. by Switzerland and Bavaria. These lim-
its include all the present dominions of Austria
in Germany, except Bohemia, Moravia and Aus-
trian Silesia. This country is now divided intc-
four parts, in reference to their administration, by
the chancery at Vienna; viz. Lower, Inner, and
Upper Austria, and the kingdojn of lUyria.
Lower Austria, is divided into the country be-
low the Ens, and the country above the Ens.. The
country below the Ens is subdivided into four
quarters, viz. 1. the quarter below the forest pf
Vienna ; 2. the quarter above the forest of V ien-
na: 3. the quarter below the Mannhartsberg; 4.
the quarter above the Manuhartsberg. The coun-
try above the Ens is subdivided into five quarters :
1. the Hausruck quarter, or Hausruck-viertel ;
2. Muhl-viertel ; 3. Traun-viertel ; 4. Inn-vier-
tel ; 6. Saltzburg-viertel. Lower Austria con-
tains 1,832,405 inhabitants, of which the part be-
low the Ens contains 1,032,729, and thepai-t above
the Ens 799,676.
Inner Austria, in the modern division of the
Austrian empire, corresponds with what was for-
merly the duchy of Stiria. It is divided into 5
circles, which are named after the principal
towns: Judenburg, Bruck, Graetz, Marburg, and
Cilley. It contains 763,820 inhabitants.
Upper Austria, includes the Tyrol, and several
smaller territories. It is divided into 7 circles,
which are named after the chief towns : Schwartz,
Imst, Bregentz, Botzen, Bruneck, Trient, and
Roveredo.
For the subdivisions of the kingdom of Illyria,
see lllyria.
Austria, Archduchy of, corresponds nearly with
Lower Austria, mentioned in the preceding ar-
ticle.
Austria, Empire of, comprehends not only the.
countries described in the two preceding articles,
but all the various states under the dominion of
the imperial house of Austria. It is bounded N^
by Saxony, Prussia, and Russian Poland; E. by
Russia and Turkey ; S. by Turkey, the Gulf of
Venice, and Middle Italy ; W. by Piedmont, Swit-
zerland, and Bavaria. This empire is compara-
tively of modern origin, and, at different periods,
has received various important augmentations.
It is a combination of nations, varying in their ori-
gin, languages, religions, and modes of life, yet
forming at the present day, a firm and compact
body politic. The size and population of this
great monarchy will be best exhibited by the fol-
lowing view of its component parts.
TABLE OF THE EXTENT AND POPULATION OF
THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.
Countries.
Sq. ms.
Population.
1. Lower Austria,
15,422
1,832,405
2. Inner Austria,
8,778
763,820
3. Upper Austria,
12,276
741,319
4. lllyria,
13,508
1,060,492
5. Bohemia,
20,922
3,183,364
6. Moravia )
7. Austrian Silesia, \
12,122
1,688,252
8. Gov. of Milan,
8,340
2,082,000
9. Gov. of Venice,
9,950
1,932,000
10. Galicia,
32,521
3,750,000
11. Hungary, \
12. Transylvania, /
about
about
13. Croatia, >
14. Sclavonia, i
135,000
11,000,000
15. Dalmatia, J
Total in round aumber?
270,000128,000,000
74
A U S
A W G
The seven countries first named in tlie above ta-
ble, constitute the German part of the Austrian
empire. The governments of Milan and Venice
are the Italian parts, and form what is called the
Lombardo-Venetian kingdom. Galicia was taken
from Poland, and bears the title of kingdom of Ga-
licia.
The population is composed principally of four
great races, in the following order : Sclavonians,
11,750,000, Germans 5,000,000, Italians 5,000,000,
Hungarians 4,200,000. There are besides,
1,400,000 Wallachians, 420,000 Jews, and a few
Armenians. This po])ulation occupy 758 cities,
2,000 market towns, 67,644 villages, and 4,192,834
houses.
The annual revenue is estimated at about
60,000,000 dollars. The public debt before the
French revolution, was $90,000,000; in 1805,
more than $350,000,000; and now more than
$650,000,000. The army on the peace estab-
lishment consists of 220,000 infantry, 36,000 cav-
alry, with about 15,000 artillery. For the pro-
tection of trade, a few frigates and other armed
vessels are kept up on the Adriatic ; while on the
Danube, towards the Turkish frontier, are sta-
tioned the vesstls called tschaiken, manned by
about 1,000 soldiers and seamen.
The government is an absolute monarchy. In
Hungary, however, the nation shares the legisla-
tive, and even the executive power with the em-
peror ; the Tyrolese possess, to a certain degree,
the same privileges. Austrian Italy, was erected
into a kingdom by an edict of the emperor in 1815,
and though inseparable from the Austrian empire,
it has a separate constitution, at the head of which
is a prince of the imperial family, with the title
of Viceroy. Galicia bears the title of kingdom,
and is governed by a Viceroy; and in 1817 a
liberal constitution was published, and a repre-
sentative government establislied. Bohemia and
Moravia have each an assembly of states or rep-
jesentatives, but their power is merely nominal.
The administration of the whole empire centres
in Vienna, and is composed of a number of boards,
under the name of councils, chanceries, and con-
ferences. In the German diet or 'confederation
of the sovereigns and free towns of Germany,'
formed in 1815, Austria presides, and has one
vote. In the general assembly, she has four votes.
The established peligion is the Roman Catho-
lic ; but in Hungary, Transylvania, and Sclavo-
tiia, members of the Protestant and Greek church-
es have long been settled, and in the enjoyment of
considerable privileges. In fact, since the days
of Joseph II. free toleration is gi-anted to all sects
throtighout the Austrian dominions. The num-
ber of the various sects is estimated as follows: —
22,000,000 Roman Catholics, 2,500,000 Greek
Christians, 2,000,000 Reformed, 1,450,000 Lu-
therans, 420,000 Jews, and 42,000 Unitarians.
In point of literature, Austria is greatly behind
the north of Germany. The principal universi-
ties are at Vienna, Prague, Freyburg, Inspruck,
Lembei^, Pest, and Padua,
The principal manufactures ai-e thread, cotton,
linen, lace, silk stuffs, stockings, spirituous liquors,
wrought iron, steel, and brass, kitchen and farm-
ing utensils, glass, porcelain, and earthefn ware.
The foreign commerce is in a great measure in
the hands of Greek merchants. The imports
consist principally of raw materials, such as
wool, cotton, raw silk, rice, oil, drugs, spices, of
all which a great part comes from the Levant.
Austria, v. Italy, in Friuli, near Aquiieia.
Amtria, San Felippe de, city, S. America, 48
m.fr.Cumana. Lon. 63° 41' V^. Lat. 10° 31' N.
Jlulas, t. Arabia, inNedsjed, 65 m. N.E. Mecca.
Autauga, a county in Alabama, lately formed.
Autenow, t. Russia, in Kiow, 18 m. W^. S. W.
Bialacerkier.
Authie, V. France, runs into tlie English chan-
nel.
Authiouz, r. France, falls into the Loire S. E.
Angers.
Authon, t. France, in EUre and Loire, 11
leagues S. W. Chartres. Pop. 1,200. Another, 4
leagues N. E. Saintes.
Autire, r. France, runs into the Sevre, below
Maillerais.
Autol, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 3 m. fr. Cala-
horra.
Aidonne, r. France, runs into the Oise near
Verberie.
Autricmirt, v. France, in Cote d'Or, 18 leagues
N. E. Dijon.
Autry, t, France, in Ardennes, 12^ leagues S.
Mezieres.
Auiucurrally, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. N.
Umglee.
Auhm, t. France, in Saone and Loire. Here
are manufactures of linen, blankets, hosiery, and
other stuffs. 16 leagues S. VV. Dijon. Pop. 8,000.
Auvaille, t. Netherlands, 14 m. S. Liege.
Aurase, t. Montgomery co. Missouri.
Au Vase, r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi 55
miles above the mouth of the Ohio. It is naviga-
ble for boats 60 miles, through a fine prairie coun-
try.
Auvergne, formerly a province of France. It
is now included in the departments of the Puy
de Dome, Cantal, Creuse, AUier, and Upper
Loire.
Auvergnie, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. Neufchatel.
Aurillars, or AuviUard, t. France, in Tarne-
and-Garonne, on the Garonne, 5 leagues S. Agen.
Pop. 2,000.
AutnUers-les-Forges, t. France, in Ardennes, 6J
leagues N. W. Mezieres.
Auwal, t. Bohemia, in Kaurzim, 2 m. N. W.
Prague.
Auxerre, t. France, capital of the department
of the Yonne. It is on the Yonne, which affords
an easy communication with the jnetropolis. 1 1
leagues S. S. E. Sens, 37 S. E. Paris. Pop,
11,300.
Auxon, t. France, in Aube, 5i leagues S. S. W.
Troyes. Pop. 2,340.
Auxon, t. France, in Uppei' Loire, 12i leagues
N. AV. Le Puy. Pop. 1,500.
Auxonne, t. France, on the left bank of the
Saone, in Cote d'Or. 7 leagues S. E. Dijon. Pop.
5,280.
Ausance, t. France, in Creuse, 11 leagues E. S.
E. Gueret.
Ausat, or Auzal, t. France, in Puy de Domf, 3
leagues S. Issoire.
Ausat, V. France, in Arriege, 3 leagues S. W.
Tarascon.
Aua, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. S. Casbin.
Awakasari, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 15 m.
N. N. W. Alanieh. '
Awatska. See Avatscha.
Awatti, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 8 m. S. E. Car-
mulla.
Awchar, t. Persia, in Azerbfian, 150 m. S. W.
Tabri.?.
AYR
Awccree. See Waree.
Awin, Ea, r. Ireland, runs into the sea, 7 m. N,
.Killebegs.
AwU., r. Syria, runs into the Mediterranean
near Sidon.
Ax, t. France, in Arriege, 5 leagues N. W. Ta-
ra5Con.
Ax, or Axe, r. Eng. falls into the sea below Ax-
mouth ; another falls into the Bristol channel 8
m. below Axbridge.
Axura, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 50 m. fr. Gu-
zel-Hissar.
Axat, or Azat, t. France, on the Aude, 25 m. S.
Carcassonne.
Axbridge, t. Eng. Somersetsliire, on the Ax, 8
m. above its mouth, 17 m. fr. Bristol.
Axel, t. Flanders, 27 ra. W. Antwerp.
Axem, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W. Inspruck.
Axim, district, part of the kingdom of Ashantee,
Africa. The Dutch have a fort on Cape Tliree
Points, 10 leagues E. ApoUonia.
Axiopoli. See Rassorat.
Axminster, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Ax, 26
m. fr. Exmouth. Pop. 2,387.
Axmoutfi, V. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth
of the Ax.
Axum, ancient capital of Abyssinia, now in
rnins, 40 m. E. Sire. Lon. 38° 50' E. Lat. 14°
10' N.
Ai/, t. France, 5 leagues S. Rheims.
Aij, or Palo Ay. See Pnlo Wai/.
Ayamonte, t. Spain, at the mouth of the Gua-
diana, 34 m. W. S. W. Seville. Pop. 5,000.
Ayamontb, t. Portugal, in Aleutejo, 3 m. N. W.
Minfbrt.
Ayas, V. Caramania, on the W. side of the gulf
of Scanderon. Lon. 25° 48' E. Lat. 36° 46,' N.
Ayash, v. on the coast of Caramania. Lon. 34°
12' E. Lat. 36° 29' N.
Ayawaroo, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. W.
Vellore.
Aybar, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Arragon, 3
m. S. Sanguesa.
Aycotta, t. Hind, in Cochin, 3 m. S. Cranga-
nore.
Aye Slierri, isl. in the North sea, near Lapland.
Lon. 40° 50' E. Lat. 69° 50' N.
Ayempet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 4 m. N. E.
Tanjore.
Ayerbe, or Ayerve, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, 32 m. N. Saragossa.
Ayerstoun, t. Burlington co. N. J. 13 m. S. E.
Burlington.
Ayguaca, t. Peru, 70 m. N. E. Piura.
Aylesbury, t. Eng. Buckingham co. 39 m. W.
N. W. London. Pop. 3,447.
Aylesford, t. Eng. Kent co. 32 m. E. London.
Aylcmouth. See 'Alnemoulh.
Aylesham. See Alesham.
Aylets, p-v. King William co. Va. 29 m. N. E.
Richmond.
Aymouth. See Eyemmifh.
Aynac, v, France, in Lot, 5^ leagues N. W. Fi-
geac, 11 N. E. Cahors.
Ayoayo, t. S. America, 37 m. S. La Paz.
Ayora, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 m, W. St. Fe-
lipe.
Ayr, maritime co. Scotland, bounded N. by
Renfrewshire, E. by Lanark and Dumfries, S. by
Galloway, and W. by the Irish channel and frith
of Clyde. Woollen manufactures are established
in every parish ; and the difTerert branches o^
A Z N
75
cotton manufacture employ many persons. Ex-
tensive iron-works are erected at Muirkirk and
Glenbuck, where are inexhaustible fields botli of
coal, and iron ore. Pop. 103,954.
Ayr, borough, and s-p. Scotland, cap. of Ayr-*
shire, 75 m. S. W. Edinburg. Pop. 5,000.
Ayr Head, cape, on the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 40' W. Lat. 55° 28' N.
Ayraines, t. France, in Somme.
AysUngin, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 3 m. S. S.
W. Dillingen.
Ayterpilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 7 m. S. C.olar.
Aylh, V. on the coast of Abyssinia, 70 m, S. ISf.
Amphila.
Aylon, V. Scotland, Berwick co. Pop. 1,379.
Aylon, Great, v. Eng. in Yorksliire, 3 m. from
Stokesley.
Aylre, t. France, in Lower Charente, near La
Rochelle.
Ayutaus, or Camanches, Indians, 8,000 in num-
ber, S. W. of the Missouri.
Azafi. See Saffi.
Azagra, t. Spain, in Navarre.
Azambu/eira, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 7 m-
W. Santarem.
Azamor, port, Morocco, on the Alorbeya, 80 m.
N. Morocco. Lon. 8° 15' W. Lat. 33° 20' N.
Azar, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut, 76 m. S. E.
Amanzirifdin.
Azaredo, s-p. in the bay of Spiritu Santo, Bra-
zil. Lon. 40° 10' W. Lat. 20° 18' S.
Azay, or Assaie-le-Rideau, t. France, in Indre-
and-Loire, on the Indre, 5 leagues S. W. Tours..
Azay, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 9 leagues W.
N. W. Poitiers.
Azay-le-Feron, t. France, in Indre, 10 leagues
W. Chateauroux.
Azay-sur-Cher, t. France, on the Cher, in In-
dre-and-Loire, 2i leagues E. S. E. Tours.
Azeemabad. See Patna.
Azeitao, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 5 m. N. N.
W. Setuval. Pop. 2,350.
Azem, or Asem. See Ardrah.
Azenay, t. France, in Vendee, 5 leagues N. Ba-
bies d'Olonne. Pop. 3,000.
Azcnighur, t. India, in Allahabad. Lon. 13°
10' E. Lat. 24° 6' N.
Azerailles, v. France, in Meurthe, 4\ leagues
S. E. Luneville, 10 S. E. Nancy.
Azerbijan, or Aderbeitzan, province, Persia,
bounded E. by Ghilan and tlie Caspian sea, W.
by Kurdistan and Armenia. Tabriz, or Tauris,
is the capital.
Azergue Bahr-el, or Blue River, Abyssinia,
rises in Gojam, passes through lake Dembea, and
after traversing Abyssinia and Sennaar, falls into
the Nile above Gerri.
Azeuchal, t. Spanish Estremadura, 16 m. S. S.
W. Merida.
Azialcollar, t. Spain, 19 m. N. W. Seville.
Azille, Azillan, or Azillon, t. France, in Aude,
near the royal canal, 6^ leagues W. Narbonne.
Azincour, or Agincourt, v. France, in Pas-de-
Calais, 7 m. N. Hesdin, 11 E. Montreuil. On its
plains Henry V. of England, gained a victory over
the French, in 1415.
Azinhago, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 11 m. N.
N. E. Santarem,
Azio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 64 m. N. E.
Lepanto.
Azmut, t. Natolia, 84 m. S. E. Scutari.
Aznalcar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 21 m.fr. Se-
ville.
T0
BAB
Asogues, i. Quito, 10 m. N. E. Cuenza.
Azoph, an inland sea of Asiatic Russia, on the
coivfines of Tartary, communicating with the
Euxine by a narrow channel, called the straits of
Jenicale. It is the ancient Palus Maeotis.
Azoph, t. Asiatic Russia, on the E. extremity of
the sea of Azoph, at the mouth of the Don, 812
m. S. S. E. Petersburgh. Lon. 39° 14' E. Lat.
47° N.
Azores, or Western Islands, in the Atlantic, be-
tween 37° and 40° N. lat. and 25° and 32° W.
lon. consisting of St. Michael, St. Mary, Tercera,
Graciosa, St. George, Pico, and Fayal, Corvo and
Flores. They have been at different times laid
waste by earthquakes, of which the most formi-
dable on record is that of 1591, which continued
12 days, and destroyed entirely the flourishing
town of Villa Franca. The soil is exceedingly
fertile in vines, oranges, and other fruits ; and
BAB
considerable wine is exported. These islands be-
long to the Portuguese. Angra, the capital of
Tercera, is the seat of government,
Azores, islands in the Atlantic, N. of St. Do-
mingo.
Azpeytia, t. Spain, in Biscay, ontheUrola.
Azrak, r. A. Turkey, flows into the Euphrate?^
6 m. N. E. Semisat.
Azuaga, t. Spanish Estremadura, 9 m. S. E
Llerena.
Azuchitlau, t. New Spain, 150 m. W, Mexico
Azumar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. W. ^
W. Aronches.
'Azurar, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho.
16 m. S. W. Braya.
Azurara, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. S. E. Viseu.
Azzoglio, t. Italy, in Masserano, 6 m. N. N. F
Masserano.
B
Eaadstkxj, or Badsled, s-p. Sweden, in Scho-
aen, on a bay of the Cattegat, 10 m. N. Engel-
hobn, 16 S. Hehnstadt. Lon. 12° 45' E. Lat. 56°
28' N.
Baagoe, 2 small islands, Denmark, in the Bal-
tic, one between the islands of Zealand, Moeu,
and Falster. Lon. 12° 3' E. Lat 54° 56' N. ; and
the other in the Little Belt. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat.
55° 19' N.
Baalah, or Baalath, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe
of Judah, on the borders of the tribe of Benja-
min, CEdled also Kirjath-jearim, which see.
Baal-Gad, in Sac. Geog. t. at the foot of Mount
Libanus, on the N. E. border of Palestine.
Baal-Hazor, in Sac. Geog. city, 8 m. N. E. Je-
rusalem, between Bethel and Jericho.
Baal-Hermon, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount- An-
tilibanus.
Baal-Meon, or Bclh-Meon, in Sac. Geog. city,
in the tribe of Reuben, in the possession of the
Moabites.
Baal-Perasim, in Sac. Geog. a place in the val-
ley of Rephaim, 3 m. S. W. Jerusalem, where Da-
vid routed the Philistines.
BaaPs River, in West Greenland, empties in
Ion. 50° 10 W. lat. 64° SON.
Baar, or Bar, t. Switzerland, 2 m. N. Zug.
Bab, t. Syria, 25 m. S, W. Bambouch.
Baba, district of Guayaquil, in Quito, 22
leagues in extent. Cacao is its staple article of
commerce. Pop. 4,000.
Baba, Cape, on tlie N. coast of Natolia, in the
l>iack sea. Lon. 31° 51' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Babahoyo, district, in Quito. Its capital, Ba-
bahoyo, is a great mart of trade. Lat. 1° 47' S.
The river Babahoyo rises in the mountains of
Chimbo and Riobamba, and after running 24
leagues, falls into the Guayaquil.
Bai/ain, t. Persia, in Kerman, 90 m. S. E. Ker-
man ; another, in Khorassan, 60 m.W. Herat.
Babanon, or Balbanon, t. Cambodia, on the
Cambodia. Lon. 105° 10' E. Lat. 12° 17' N.
Babein, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. S. E. Ispahan.
Babel, See Babylon,
Babel, t, Egypt, on tlie Delta, tlic ancient Byb-
los, 40 m. N. Cairo.
Babelabmmd. See Derbend.
Babelmandel, Straits of, the entrance of the Red
sea, from the Indian ocean, 7 leagues in breadth.
Babelmandel, isl. in the above straits, 5 miles in
circumference, barren and scarcely inhabited.
Lon. 44° 30' E. Lat. 44° 28' N.
Babelza, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 36 m. N. Ou-
dighir.
Baben, isl. in the Indian sea, about 18 miles
long. Lon. 130° to 131° E. Lat. 7° 41' S.
Babenhausen, t. Bavaria, 16 m. S. E. Ulm.
Bargaum, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 22 m. N.
Poonah.
Babi, Si Malu. See Pulo Baby.
Babi, isl. in the Eastern sea, near the W. coast
of Ceram. Lon. 128° 3' E. Lat. 3° 5' S.
Babic, or Bababeg, t. Persia, in Kerman, at an
equal distance from the cities of Kerman, Shiraz,
and Yezd. Fruit of every kind grows here in
profusion. Lon. 54° 18' E. Lat. 30° 3' N.
Babica, t. Russia, in Minsk, 8 m. E. Mozyr.
Bahin, t. Poland, 8 m. S. W. Lublin.
Babin, t. Austrian empire, in Galicia, 36 m. E.
Belcz.
Babirumitschi, t. Russia, 60 m. N. Mohilew,
308 S. St. Petersburg. Lon. 30° 14' E. Lat. 54°
52' N.
Babo, t. Whydah, in Africa, 10 m. N. W. Sabi.
Baboeuf, t. France, in Oise, 2 m. E. S. E. Noy-
on, 42 N. E. Beauvais.
Babolsca, t. Hungary, 22 m. S. S. E. Canischa.
Babu, isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the coast of
Cambodia. Lon. l03° 48' E. Lat 9° 42' N.
Babuan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
120° 30' E. Lat 5° 20' N.
Babuyanes, islands in the Pacific, N. of Luzon.
The largest are Babuan, Calayan, Camiguen^
Daluspiri, and Fuga. The chief products are
wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas, and plantains. Lon.
121° 15' to 122° 5' E. Lat 18° 58' to 19° 42' N.
Babylon, (in ancient geography,) a famous city
on the Euphrates. It stood on both sides of the
BAG
BAD
ir
river, in the form of a square, encompassed by a
wall 60 miles in circuit, 87 feet thick and 350 high,
on which were built 316 towers, or according to
others, 250. There were 100 gates, 25 on each
side, all of solid brass. From these ran 25 streets
crossing one another at right angles, each 150 feet
wide, and 15 miles in length. Thus the whole
oity was divided into 676 squares. The wall of
Babylon was accounted one of the seven wonders
of the world. Extensive ruins are now to be seen
of this once magnificent city, about 50 miles S,
Bagdad.
Bacalal, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. S. W.
Vallatlolid.
Bacalan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Anderab,
145 E. S. £. Balk. Lon. 97° 40' E. Lat. 36°
12' N.
Bacano Bay, on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 74°
39' W. Lat. 20° 6' N.
Baccano, t. Italy, States of the Church, a little
S. of Rome.
Baccanore, t. Hind. 14 m. S. Barcelore.
Bacchiglione, r. Italy, loses itself in the La-
gunes of Venice, below Este.
Baxegotty, t. Thibet, 58 m. N. N. W. Linna-
gur.
Bach. See Batsch.
Bachaash, one of the isls. of the Hebrides, N. E.
of North Uist. Lon. 7° 3' W. Lat. 57° 37' N.
Bacharach, t. Prussian grand duchyof the Low-
er Rhine, 23 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 40' E.
Lat. 50° 2' N. Pop. 1,250
Baeheldor, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. W. Paris.
Bachelor'' s-hall, p-v. Tioga co. Pa.
Bachelors-hall, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Bachelor^ s-retreat, Tp-v. Pendleton co. S. C.
Bachelor'' s River, S.America, runs into a bay of
the same name, on the N. side of the straits of Ma-
gellan. Lon. of the mouth, 73° 52' W. Lat. 53°
38' N.
Bachian, one of the Molucca islands, separated
by a narrow channel from the island Gilolo. Lon.
127°33'E. Lat. 1°S.
Bachink. See Cachao.
Bachmuth, or Bakhmoud, t. Russia, 104 m. N.
N. W. Azoph, and 112 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
37° 44' E. Lat. 48° 25' N.
Bachu. See Baku.
Back, r. or arm of Chesapeake bay, in Baltimore
CO. Md. 4 m. E. of the Patapsco.
Backar, or Behkur, district Hind, in Moultan.
The town is on an island in the Indus, near its
iunction with the Dummoody. Lon. 70° 2' E.
Lat. 28° 31' N.
Backergunge, district in the S. E. part of Ben-
gal. The town is 120 m. E. of Calcutta. Lon.
89° 20' E. Lat. 22° 42' N.
Backnang, t. Wirtemberg, on the Mur, 12 m. N.
E.^tutgard. Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat. 48° 58' N.
Baco, t. in Mindoro, one of the Philippine
islands. Lon. 121° 5' E. Lat. 13° 18' N.
Bacon-castle, p-v. Surry co. Va. 74 m. S. E.
Richmond.
Bacono, r. Caraccas, rises near the city ofTrux-
illo, and serves as a boundary between the prov-
inces of Varinas and Venezuela.
Bacon's Island, in the Chinese sea. Lon. 113°
5' E. Lat. 11° 13' N.
Bacras, t. Africa, 25 m. E. Sennaar.
Bacre, v. Sierra Leone. Lon. 12° 11' W. Lat.
8° 40' N.
Bactriani, t. Asia, in Georgia, 60 m. N. Tefli?.
Badagis, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 40 m. N. Fu-
sheng.
Badajoz, t. Spain, capital of Estremadura,
on the Guadiana. It is an important barrier fortress
on the side of Portugal. It was taken by storm by
the British under lord Wellington, after a memo-
rable conflict, on the 6th of April, 1812. Pop.
14,500. 82 m. N. N. W. Seville, 49 S. Alcantara.
Lon. 6° 47' W. Lat. 38° 49' N.
Badaksham, t. Great Bukharia, 150 m. E.
Bulkh. Lon. 68° 5b' E. Lat. 37° 20' N.
Badalona, s-p. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 m. N. E.
Barcelona.
Badanacoupy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 28 m. S. Se-
ringapatam.
Badar, t. Hind, in Bejapour, on the river Krish-
na, 30 m. S. Mijee. Lon. 75° 32' E.Lat. 16°40'N.
Badasky, t. Siberia, on the Angara, 80 m. IN. N.
W. Irkutzk.
Baddammy, t. Hind, in Bejapour, 80 m. S. E.
Merritch. Lon. 74° 54' E. Lat. 16° 6' N.
Baden, formerly a margraviate of Germany, in
the circle of Suabia, extending along the E. bank
of the Rhine, now forming the most important part
of the grand duchy. It was made up of Baden-
Baden and Baden-Durlach.
Baden, a gi-and duchy of Germany, bounded S.
by Switzerland and the lake of Constance, E. by
Wirtemberg, N. by Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt,
and W. by tlie Bavarian circle of the Rhine, and
the French departments of the Upper and Lower
Rhine. It is divided into ten circles :
Circles. Chief towns
The Lake (Seekreis.) Constance.
The Danube. Villingen.
The Weisen. Lorrach.
The Treisam. Freyburg.
The Kinzig. OfTenburg.
The Murg. Rastadt.
The Pfuiz and Enz. Durlach.
The Neckar. Heidelberg.
The Odenwald. Mosbach.
The Main and Tauber. Wertheim.
The grand dulce has the designation of ' Royal
Highness ;' his residence and the seat of govern-
ment is at Carlsruhe. The grand duchy contains
5,632 square miles, and 924,307 inhabitants. Rev-
enue about 600,000 /. The grand duke and most
of his subjects are Lutherans.
Baden, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Ba-
den, in the circle of the Murg, celebrated for its
mineral waters. 22 m. N. E. Strasburg, 36 W.
Stutgard, and 40 S. S. W. Heidelberg. Lon. 8°
18' E. Lat. 48° 46' N. Pop. 2,000
Baden, a district of Switzerland, formerly an
independent canton, but now united to that of
Aargau.
Baden, t. Switzerland, on the Linunat, at the
head of the above district ; celebrated forits warm
baths. 14 m. N. W. Zurich, 27 S. E. Bale.
Baden, t. Lower Austria, 12 m. S. S. W. Vien-
na ; celebrated for its warm baths.
Badenally, t. Hind, in Mysore, 21 m. S. Sering-
apatam.
Badgvm, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 6 m. S. S. W.
Oudighir.
Badia, La, t. Italy on the Adige, 5 m. from Leg-
nano, 15 W. S. W. Rovigo.
Badingen, v. Prussian states. Middle Mark of
Brandenburg, 7 m. VV. Stendal.
Badou, V. on the slave coast of Africa. 10 m. N,
W. Grand Sestre.
78
BAG
BAH
Badntckilhan, or the Sacred Mountain, t. Hind,
in Golconda, on the Godavery. Here is apagoda
of great celebrity. 72 m. N. W. Rajamundry, 130
E. Hydrabad, 134 from Vizagapatam.
Bardrmvly, t. Hind. inGuzerat, 16 m. E. Surat.
Badruck. See Buddaruck.
Badulalo, i. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 14 m.
S. S. E. Squillace,
Badulc, t. Ceylon, 54 m. S. E. Candy.
Badush, t. Turkish Armenia, 10 m. N. Mosul.
Baedoo, an extensive kingdom of Central Afri-
ca, S. of Tombuctoo, and E. of Bambarca.
Baena, or Vaena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m.
E. S.E. Cordova. Pop. 4,800.
Baerwalde,t. Prussian states, New Mark of Bran-
denburg, 13 m. N. N. W. Custrin, 42 m. E. N. E.
Berlin..
Baet. See Bate.
Baeza, orBaeca, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 6 leagues
from Jaen, 70 m. N. N. E. Cordova. Lon. 3° 35'
W. Lat. 38° 4' N. Pop. 1 5,000.
Baffa, or Bofo, s-p. Africa, on the Grain coast.
Lon. 8° 52' W. Lat. 5° 10' N.
Baffa, s-p. of Cyprus, on the W. coast. It has
a small harbour, now ehoaked up with sand, and
is the most dangerous port of the island. Numer-
ous ruins and antiquities are dispersed in the vi-
cinity. Lon. 32° 18' E. Lat 34° 48' N.
Baffin's Bay, the most northern guli' or bay
that has yet been discovered in North America.
It extends beyond the 78th degree of N. lat. and
communicates with the Atlantic ocean through
Davis's Straits. On the W. side of this bay, in lat.
74° is Lancaster's Sound, through which Lieut.
Parry, in the summers of 1819 and 1820, discover-
ed a passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as
far as the longitude of 113° 47' W. from Green-
wich, between the parallels of 74° and 75° N. lat.
where his further progress was arrested by the ice.
Bafrush. See Balfrosh.
Baga, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on tlie Llobregat,
16 m. N. E. Solsona.
Baga Rey, one of the Philippine islands, E.
Luzon.
Bagaduce Point, cape in Penobscot bay, Maine.
Bagalaen, district in the S. of Java, near its
centre.
Bagazied. See Bayazid.
Bagdad, a city of Asia, on the Tigris, the cap-
ital of the Turkish provinces of Bagdad. For more
than 500 years it was the city of the caliphs, and
the capital of the Moslem empire, and was one of
the most populous and splendid cities of the world ;
but it now retains very little of its ancient splen-
dor. It is a city of great trade, and a noted em-
porium for the products of Arabia, India, and Per-
sia, as well as for many European manufactures.
It supplier all Asia Minor, Syria, and part of Eu-
rope, with Indian commodities, which are import-
ed at Bassora, and being brought up the Tigris in
l)oats, are transj:iorted in caravans to Tocat, Con-
stantinople, Aleppo, Damascus, and the western
parts of Persia. The population is about 60,000,
and is composed of Turks, who constitute three-
fourths of the whole, of Persians, Jews, and a
small proportion of Christians. 210 m. S. Mosul,
300 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon. 44° 24' E. Lat. 33°
20' N.
Bagendon, v. Eng. Gloucestershire, 3 m. N.
Cirencester.
Baggai, t. Algier<', anciently Bog-ff*?. 48 m. S. S
T., Constaxitinti,
BaghiUtn, t. Persia, in Khorassan, GO m. N. E-
Herat.
Baghwan, or Bunkar, v. Persia, in Beloochis-
tan, 10 m. from Khozdar. Lon. 66° 35' E. Lat.
28° 3' N.
Bagjoura, t. Upper Egypt, between the Nile
and Farshout.
Bagna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the Orko-
luka, 20 m. N. E. Parakia.
Bagna Caval/o, t. Italy, States of the Church,
on the Seno, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara.
Bagna di Acqua, t. Italy, in Tuscany ; celebra-
ted for its warm baths. 15 m. E. Leghorn.
Baguagar. See Hyderabad.
Bagruija, t. Italy, Ecclesiastical states, 1 m. S.
Vitebo.
Bagnara, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop.
5,000. 14 m. W. Oppido.
Bagnarea, t. Italy, States of the Church, 5 m-
S. Orvieto, 12 N. Viterbo.
Bagnercs de Campan, or en Bigorre, t. France,
in Upper Pyrenees, on the Adour, at the foot of
the Pyrenees. Pop. 6,000. Its hot mineral
springs are no less than 32 in number, and are
much frequented. 11 m. S. Tarbes, 450 S. S. W.
Paris.
Bagneres de Lucho7i, i. France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 60 m. S. W. Toulouse. Pop, 1,260.
Bagni della Poretta, v. Italy, 18 m. S. Bologna.
Bagno, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 28 m. N. E, Flo-
rence.
Bagnolo, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 8 m. ?.
Brescia.
Bagno/o, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 12 m
W. Conza.
Bagnols, 't. France, in Gard, 22 m. N. E
Nismes. Pop. 4,800.
Bagnouangy. See Banyouangy.
Bagolino, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 24 m. N.
Brescia. Pop. 3,600.
Bagones, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Cape
Frio, in lat. 22° 5' S.
Bagonguenou, 2 of the Lacadive islands. Lon.
71° 56' E. Lat. 11° N.
Bagroo, r. W. Africa, flills into the sea near the
Mesurado.
Bahama, Great, Island of, one of the Bahamas^
63 miles long and ab.out 9 broad ; 57 miles from
the coast of E. Florida. The soil is fertile and well
watered, and the climate pleasant, but the island
is almost uninhabited. Lon. 78° 10' to 80° 24' W.
Lat. 26° 40' to 27° 5' N.
Bahama Channel, or Gulf of Florida, the narrov
sea between the coast of America and the Baha-
ma islands, 135 miles long and 46 broad. The
currents here are most violent, and vessels are
frequently wrecked in passing through this strait.
Bahama Bank, Great, a sand bank extending
from near the island of Cuba, lat. 22° 20' to the
Baliama islands, lat. 26° 15' N. A smaller bank
of this name, lies N. of the island of Bahama.
Bahamas, or Lucayos Islands, in the Atlantic
ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, lying N. of
Cuba and St. Domingo, between 21° and 28° N.
lat. and 71° and 81° W. lon. They have been
estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion
are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The prin-
cipal are Bahama, Eleuthera, Exuma, Provi-
dence, and Guanahani, or St. Salvador, and
Turk's Island. The climate is in general salu-
brious. Pop. in 1803.14,318, including 11,395
blacks.
B A I
Bahai; a populous province in Hindostan, be-
rAveen 22° and 27" N. lat. bounded N. by Nepaul,
3. by Berar, W. by Oude, and the Mahratta do-
minions, and E. by Bengal. It is computed to
contain 26,000 square miles, and is one of the
most fertile and highly cultivated districts in In-
dia, yielding every kind of grain, sugar, tobacco,
cotton, opium, and saltpetre. It is divided into
seven collectorships, in each of which is fixed an
English judge and magistrate. Its capital is Pat-
na.
Bahar, t. Hind. 35 m. S. E. Patna, formerly the
capital of the kingdom of Magadha, but now fallen
to decay. Lou. 85° 37' E. Lat. 25° 13' N.
Bahar, or Bazer, t. Persia, in Kerman. 40 m. S.
E. Sergiau.
Baharbund, district, Bengal, W. of Brahma-
pootra river. Its chief town is Oliapore.
Bahar Caramorty or Lake of Antioch, Syria,
through which passes the river Orontes. 27 m.
N. E. Antioch.
Bahbeil, or Balbeit, t. in the Delta of Egypt,
where are the ruins of a magnificent marble tem-
ple. 7 m. S. S. W. Mansora.
Bahhrtin, a cluster of Islands on the S. W. side
of the Persian gulf, near the coast of Arabia, The
principal, named Bahhrein, lies about 15 miles
from the coast, in lat, 26° 45' N. A pearl fishery,
the richest and most productive in the world, is
conducted on an extensive scale at these islands.
Bahia das Aldeas, bay, W. Africa. Lat. 15°
50' S.
Bahia Farta, bay, Africa, 10 m. S. Benguela.
Bahia de Chetumel, or Hanover bay, on the E.
side ol' Yucatan, in the sea of Honduras,
Bahia, Honda, port, Cuba, on the N. side, with
anchorage in 4 and 5 fathoms. Lou. 83° 6' W,
Lat. 22° 58' N.
Bahia Longa, bay, West Africa. Lat. 10°
46' S.
Bahia de Todos Santos, province, Brazil, on a
capacious bay of the same name. Its capital is St.
Salvador. It extends along the coast N. to the
river St. Francisco, in lat, 1 1° S.
fiahia. City of. See St. Salvadur.
Bahira, or Rif, the Arabian name of the Delta
of Egypt ,and the adjoining districts, east and west,
on the Mediterranean.
Bahooan, isl, in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
120° 58' E. Lat. 6° 9' N.
Bahoor, t. Hind, in the Canjatic, 8 m. S. Pon-
dicherry,
Bahrabad, t. Persia, in Khorassan. 10 m. N.
Sebsvar.
Bahurim, in Sac. Geog. city of the Benjamites,
N. E. Jerusalem.
Baja, or Bains, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro,
on the site of the ancient Baice, in a bay of thegulf
of Naples. 11 m, W, Naples.
Bajador Cap,e, the W. extremity of Luzon. Lon.
120°40'E. Lat. 18°40'N.
Bajapour, t. Hind, in Baglana, on the Goda-
very, 20 m. E. Bahbelgong.
Baias, or Baie, t. Syria, at the N. E. corner of
the bay of Alexandretta, supposed to be the an-
cient Issus in Cilicia ; 16 m. from Alexandretta.
Bajazid. See Bayazid.
Baibachta, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 72 m. N.
W. Tara,
Baicha, 2 rivers of Siberia, flowing into the
Turuchan, 32 and 56 m. N. W. Turuchansk.
Baideh, valley, Egypt, at the N. extremity of
tvhich is the citv of Suez.
B A K
79
Bajith, in S,ac. Geog, See Baal-meon.
Baikal, a lake of Siberia, in Irkutsk, 366 mileS
long from S. W. to N, E. and from 20 to 53 broad.
This lalce is navigated by the Russians for the
purpose of carrying on their commerce with Chi-
na. Lon. 104° to 110° E. Lat. 52° to 55° 41' N.
Baikalova, t. Russia, in Kolhyvaae, 112 S. S. E.
Abakansk.
Bailan, v. Syria, on a steep declivity of two
mountains, 9 m. E, Alexandretta, 20 N, Antioch.
Hither the Europeans resident at Alexandretta re-
sort duriiig summer heats, for the salubrity of the
air.
Bailden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 2,073. 3 m.
N, Bradford.
Bailieborough, t. Ireland, Cavan co. There
is a pool on tlie top of a neighbouring hill, celebra-
ted for its efiicacy in scorbutic cases. 14 m. S. E,
Cavan, 43 N.W. Dublin.
Baillee, t. France, in Mayenne, 43 ra. N. E.
Cliateaugontier, 18 m. S. E. Laval.
BaiUeul, or Belle, t. J'rance, on the Lys. Pop.
9,000. Large quantities of thread, lace, and wool-
lea stuffs^are manufactured here. 13 m. W. N.
W. Lille ; one in La Manche ; one in Main-and-
Loire ; one in Oise, 8 m. E. N. E. Clermont ;
another in Ome, 5 m, N, Argentan ; another in
Sarthe, 5 m. N. W. La Fleche.
Bain, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 16 m. S.
Rennes, 24 S. W, Vitre, Pop. 3,450. -
Bainbridge, or Jericho, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y.
20 m. S. Norwich. Pop. 1,608.
Bainbridge, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, 18 m. S. W.
Chilicothe. It contains about 25 houses, a forge,
and other mills.
Bainbridge, Port, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon, 212° 9i' E. Lat. 59° 55' N.
Bainetle, v. Piedmont, 6 m. S. E. Coni, 8 W.
S. W. Mondovi.
Bains, v. France, in Eastern Pyreneies, 15 m.
S. W. Perpignan. Pop. 1,800 ; another in Vosges.
Baiode Comboi, isl. in the Caribbean sea. Lon.
77° 36' W. Lat. 15° 26' N.
Baio JVuevo, isl. in the Caribbeaji sea. Lon.
78° 36' W. Lat. 15° 54' N.
Bajolis Cape, on the N. W. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 3° 44' E. Lat. 40° 3' N.
Baird''s forge, p-v. Burke co. N. C.
Baird'' s-tavern, p-t. Buckingham co. Va.
Bairdsloivn, p-t. and cap. Nelson co. Kentucky,
35 m. S. W. Frankfort, on a branch of Salt river.
Pop. 821. It has a stone courthouse and jail, a
church, and a market-house.
Baira. See Beira.
Bajonu, cape on the E. coast of Africa. Lon,
39° E. Lai. 15° 15' S.
Bairout, or Bayreuth, s-p. Syria, in the pacha-
lic of Acre. There was formerly a harbour here
which is now choaked up with sand and rubbish.
This place is an emporium to which the Druses
and Maronites send corn, raw silk, and other pro-
ducts, and iu return receive rice, tobacco, coffee,
and specie. Lon. 35° 32' E. Lat. 33° 45' N. Pop.
7 or 8,000.
Baise, r. France, runs into the Garonne, near
Aiguillon.
Baitsida, t. Palestine, the ancient Bethsaida, 2
m. from the lake Tiberias, 22 m. E. Acre.
Baix, t. Fi-ance, with 300 houses, 8 m. E. May-
enne ; another in Upper Loire, near the Rhone,
10 m. N. Viviers.
Baker, t. Africa, on the Kile, 27 m. W. S. W.
Dongola.
B A L
B A L
Baker Mount, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lon. 238° 20' E. Lat. 48° 39' N.
Bakergan, t. Asia, in Karasm, on the Jihon,
115 m.S. E. Urkonge.
Baker'' s falls, N. Y. in the Hudson, at the bend,
1 m. above Fort Edward. The descent is 76 feet
in a course of 60 rods.
Bakcrsfield, p-t. Franklin co. on Missisque riv-
er, 38 m. N. N. W. Montpeher.
Baker'' s isl. Mass. off Salem harbor, 5 m. E. N.
E. Salem. On its N. end is a light house.
Baker'' s river, N. H. rises in Moosehillock moun-
tain, and runs into the Merrimack at Plymouth.
Bakersville, p-v. Patrick co. Va.
Bakewell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, near the con-
fluence of the Wye and Derwent. Pop. 1,483.
25 m. N. Derby.
Bakhishisarai, or Bacca-Serai, t. Russia, on the
W. side of the Crimea, 50 m. N. Caffa. Lon. 33°
S2' E. Lat. 45° 10' N. It was formerly the residence
of the khans, and contained 20,000 inhabitants ;
but in 1800 there were only5,776, of whom 3,000
were Tartars, 1,162 Jews, and the rest Armen-
ians and Greeks. Here are manufactures of
leather, saddles, silk stuffs, and cutlery.
Baksaskaia, fort, Russian Tartary, in Caucasus,
on the W. side of the Ural, 32 m. N. Guref.
Bafc^egan, a salt lake of Persia, in Fars, about 75
miles in circuit. It is nearly dry in the summer
season, when a quantity of remarkably fine salt,
left by evaporation, is collected from the bottom,
and generally used throughout the province. 10
m. S. E. Shiraz.
Baku, or Badku, t. and principality, Persia, in
Schirvan, on the peninsula of Absharon, in the
Caspian sea. It has the best harbour in the Cas-
pian. It exports cotton, fruit, opium, rice, silk,
wine, rock salt, and naptha. Its principal trade
is with Astracan. Petroleum is obtained in vast
abundance from wells about 8 miles from the
town. They seem almost inexhaustible, some of
them yielding 1000 or 1500 pounds daily. They
are often dried up ; but the naptha generally re-
appears after an interval of a few months. This
substance is used by the natives as a substitute for
lamp oil. All around Baku the country is deep-
ly impregnated with inflammable matter, both
above and under the surface. The earth seems
overspread with fire. The city and principality
were formerly much resorted to by the Guebres,
or fire worshippers. They had temples built of
stone, in one of which a blue lambent flame issued
from a large hollow cane near the altar ; and this
the devotees of that sect believed would subsist as
long as the world remained. This country has
been in possessionof the Russians since 1801. Lon.
51° 7' E. Lat. 42° 22' N.
Bala, t. Wales, Merioneth co. on the lake Bala
Pool, by the natives named Llyn-Tegid.
Balaha, t. Africa, in Bambara. Lon. 4° 10' W.
Lat 13° 35' N.
Balabac, isl. in the Eastern seas, 13 miles long,
by 6 broad ; S. Palawan. Lon. 117° 10' E. Lat.
8° N.
Balabea, isl. in the Pacific, off the W. coast of
New Caledonia. Lon. 164° 22' E. Lat. 20° 7' S.
Balachna, t. Russia, in Nishnei-Novgorod, on
the W^lga. Pop. 5,000. 18 m. W. N. W. Nish-
nei-Novgorod, 120 E. S. E. Petersburg.
Balaganskoi, t. Russia, 30 m. N. N, W. Ir-
kutsk.
Balaguer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre.
Pop. 3,700. 63 m. N. W. Barcelona.
Balaguer, Col de, pass, on the S. £. coast of
Catalonia, commanding the high road from Tar-
ragona to the mouth of the Ebro.
Balakawa, or Balaklaval, s-p. Russia, on the S.
W. point of the Crimea. Lon. 33° 14' E. Lat. 44°
35' N.
Balambangan, isl. in the Eastern seas, between
Borneo and Magindano, 14 miles long, and 3 to 6
broad. 15 m. from Borneo. Lon. 117° 5' E. Lat.
7° 15' N.
Balambuan, district in the S. E. of Java, on the
straits of Bally. The trade in pepper once carried
on here is transferred to Bagnouangay, 15 miles
north. Lon. 114° 28' E. Lat. 8° 28' S.
Balaruc, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. fr. Mont-
pelier.
Balascher, t. Russia, 90 m. W. Saratov, 634 S.
E. St. Petersburg. Lon. 43° 14' E. Lat. 51° 55' N.
Balasore, s-p. Hind, in Orissa. It is in Balasore
roads that the Calcutta pilots wait the arrival of
vessels. 110 m. S. W. Calcutta. Lon. 87° 13' E.
Lat. 21° 31' N.
Balaton, lake, Hungary, 5 m. S. Stuhl-Weissen-
burg, nearly 40 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad.
The Austrian government propose to unite this
lake with the Danube by a canal.
Balbastro, t. Spain, in Arragon, near the con-
flux of the Vero and Cinca, 30 m. E. N. E. Sara-
gossa. Pop. 5,009.
Balbec, anciently Heliopolis, the ' City of the
Sun,' in Syria, celebrated for its magnificent ruins.
History has preserved no account of this place,
or of its original inhabitants. The splendid ru-
ins of the temple of the Sun, which still I'emain,
shew that it was formerly adorued with all the
embellishments cf architecture. The stones com-
posing the walls of this temple are of enormous
size. Many of them are from 28 to 35 feet long,
and 9 deep, and one is 59 feet long and 12 deep.
It is 40 m. N. N. W. Damascus. Lon. 36° 11' E,
Lat. 34° 1' N. Pop. in 1751, 5,000 ; in 1784.
1,200.
Balbeil. See Bahbeit.
Balby, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. S. W. Don-
caster.
Balcajrry, s-p. Scotland, on Solway frith, 10 m,
E. S. E. Kircudbright.
Balchikanskoi, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, 140 m. S,
W. Doroninsk.
Bald Eagle, r. Pa, runs N. E. 44 miles, through
Mifflin and Lycoming counties, and falls into the
west branch of the Susquehannah.
Bald Eagle, mountains, Bedford co. Pa. Bald
Eagle valley lies on the east side. It is 5 miles
wide, and the bottom is a bed of limestone. In
the limestone are worn vast pits 300 feet deep, a
cave wide enough to admit a large shallop with
her sails spread, and channels under the surface
of the ground several miles long, through which
the largest streams of the valley pass.
Bald Eagle, t. Centre co. Pa, Pop. 1, 146.
Bald Eagle, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 246.
Baldeck, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N. Lucerne.
Baldenau, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Low-
er Rhine, 36 m. S. W. Coblentz.
Baldenburg, t. West Prussia, 65 m. S. S. W.
Dantzic.
Baldern, t. Wirtemberg, 1 m. S. S. E. Zobing.
Bald Head, the S. W. point of Wells Bay,
Maine. Lon. 70° 35' W. Lat. 43° N.
Bald Head, the S. W. end of Smith's island, at
the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light-
B A L
B A L
81
house. 24 m. N. W. by N. from Fryiog-Pan-Shoals.
Lon. 78° 13' W. Lat. 33° 51' N.
Bald Head, a promontory about 400 feet high,
on the S. W. coast of New Holland, at the mouth
f of King George's sound. Lon. 118° E. Lat. 35°
6'S.
Bald Head, point, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, in Norton sound. Lon. 198° 18' E. Lat. 64°
43' N.
Baldivia. See Valdivia.
Bald MoupJahis, a part of the Alleghany ridge,
on the E. border of I'eunessee.
BaldocJc, t. Eng. Hertfordshire, 38 m. N. Lon-
don. Pop. 1,438.
Baldwin^ p-t Cumberland co. Maine, 26 m. N.
W. Portland. Pop. 346.
Baldivmville, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Baldwin, co. Geo. on the Oconee, in the cen-
tre of the state. Chief t. Milledgeville. Pop.
6,356. Slaves, 2,530.
Baldwin, co. Alabama, at the junction of Ala-
bama and Tombigbee rivers. Chief t. Fort Stod-
dert.
Baldwinsville, p-v. Columbia co. Geo.
Bale, Basle, or Basil, canton, Switzerland, ex-
tending from the Rhine on the N. to the canton of
Soleure on tlie S. It contains 187 square miles,
and 37,000 inhabitants.
Bale, cap. of the canton of Bale, and the largest
town in Switzerland, lies on the Rhine, which di-
vides it into two unequal parts, joined together by
a bridge of 600 feet in length. The university
founded here in 1459, has an excellent library, a
cabinet of medals, and botanic garden. The
manufactures are silk ribbons, silk stuffs, cotton,
paper, linen, and glov es. Here was held a famous
ecclesiastical council, between the years 1431 and
1444. Lon. 7° 31' E. Lat. 47° 40' N. Pop.
15,000.
Bale, formei'ly an independent bishopric,
bounded E. by the canton of Bale, S. by Solo-
Ihurn, and W. by France. It contained 420
square miles, and about 40,000 inhabitants. The
nett revenue was valued at 20,000/. sterling, to
which the mines contributed between 3000/. and
4000/. It is now included principally in the can-
ton of Berne, but partly in Bale Neufchatel, and
Baden.
Baleapatam, t. Hind, on the coast of Malabar,
15 m. N. N. W. Tellicherry.
Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean, off the
east coast of Spain. The principal are Majorca,
Minorca, and Cabrera. 'They lie from N. E. to
3. W. and have Ivica, and the other Pithyusaj isl-
ands on the S. W.
Balemar, isl. in the Eastern Indian sea. Lon,
128° 12' E. Lat. 7° 18' S.
Balfron, v. Scotland, Stirling co. 22 m. N. Glas-
gow. Pop. 1,986.
Balfrosh, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, is about a
mile and a half in circuit. 20 m, W. Fehrabad.
Lon. 52° 40' E. Lat. 35° 55' N.
Balga, V. castle, and bailiwick, Prussia, 24 m. S.
W. Konigsberg.
Balgaon, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 15 m. N. W.
Kliondar.
Balhary, t. and district, Hind, in Mysore, on
:he Naggery, 187 m. N. Seringapatam.
Bali, or Liltle Java, one of the Sunda islands,
separated from Java by the straits of Bally. It is
about 75 miles long, by 40 broad. Rice is pro-
duced in great quantities here ; also tobacco, oil,
Mid salt. 'The island is divided into eight districts,
11
and each has an independent chief. Pop. esti-
mated at 200,000. Lon. 115° E. Lat. from 8° to
9°S.
Baliabadri. See Patras.
Balikesri, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 52 m. N.E.
Pergamo. Lon. 27° 54' E. Lat. 39° 42' N.
Balincailach, cape, on the W. coast of Benbe-
cula, one of the Hebrides.
Balingen, t. Wirtemberg, in Upper Neckar, 10
m. N. E. Rothweil, 36 S. Stutgard. Pop. 3,000.
Balis, r. Syria, flows into the Euphrates near
Racca.
Balis, t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 60 m. E.
Aleppo.
Balise, the main pass into the mouth of the
Mississippi, 105 m. below New-Orleans. It is 20
miles long, and has 16 feet water on the bar. On
an island at the N. side of the pass is a fort.
Balise, r. S. America, in Yucatan, falls into the
bay of Honduras, in lon. 91° 15' W. lat. 14° 50
N. On its banks the English have their principal
establishments for cutting down mahogany, some
of which are 200 miles above the mouth of the
river.
B(.dise, s-p. at the mouth of the above river.
Balk. See Bulkh.
Balkan, the ancient Hcenms, mountains, Eu.
Turkey, which separate Romania from Bulgaria*
Balkan, bay, on the E. coast of t lie Caspian sea.
Lat. 39° 45' N.
Balkee, t. Hind, in Beder, 15 m. W. N. W. Be-
der, 45 N. E. Kalbcrgah. Lgn. 77° 29' E. Lat.
17° 49' N.
Ball, V. Ireland, Mayo co. 107 m. W. Dublin
Balla, t. Bootan, 26 m. N. Beyliar.
Ballabeea. See Balabea.
Ballabuan, straits, between Java and Bali isl-
ands. They are 5 or 6 leagues wide, and of intri-
cate navigation.
Balladuk, t. Syria, in the desert, 140 m. E. N. E.
Damascus.
Ballaghan Point, the S. W. cape of Carlinford
bay, on the E. coast of Ireland, in Louth co. 11m.
S. E. Newry. Lon. 6° 4' W. Lat. 53° 58' N.
Ballaghy, v. Ireland, Londonderry co. 18 m. S.
Coleraine.
Ballantrac, v. Scotland, Ayrshire, 28 m. S. S.W.
Ayr.
Ballapatty, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 12 m. W.
Vencatighery.
Ballard, Cape, Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 26'
W. Lat. 46° 55' N.
Ballard'' s Point, a cape on the W. coast of Ire-
land, Clare co. Lon. 9<* 32' W. Lat. 52° 42' N.
Ballas, V. on the left bank of the Nile, Upper
Egypt, 10 m. S. Dendera.
Balleeoongham, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago
Lon. 120° 6' E. Lat. 5° 10' N.
Ballenberg, t. Wirtemberg, in Gaxt, 2 m. N.W,
Krautheim.
Ballenstedl, t. in Ballenstedt county, Germany,
in the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg. 18 m,
S. W. Bernburg, 27 N. E. Nordhausen. Lon. 11°
25' E. Lat. 51° 45' J^. Pop. 2,500.
Balltroy. v. f^rance, on the Drome, 7 m, S. S.
W. Bayeaux, 18 S. Caen.
Ballimore, t. Ireland, Westmeath co, 10 m. N,
Athlone.
Ballina, t. Ireland, Mayo co. 6 m. S. Killala.
Ballinacourty, Point, the N. cape of Dungar-
van bay, on the S. coast of keland, Waterford co.
4 m. E. Dunbar van.
82
B A L
B A L
Ballinahinch, v. Ireland, Down co. 12 m. b.
Belfast.
BeUlinakil, i. Ireland, Queens co. 14 m. W.
Carlow.
Ballinakil Harbor, on the W. coast of Ireland,
40 m. N. W. Galway. Lon. 9° 58' W. Lat. 53°
34' N.
BallinaskeUig, bay, on the S. W. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 10° 6' W. Lat. 51° 46' N.
BaUinasloe, t. Ireland, Galway co. on the W.
bank of the Suck. Here is held "a fair for cattle
and sheep. 30 m. W. Gahvay.
Ballinrohe, t. Ireland, Mayo co. 15 m. S. Cas-
tlebar.
Ballintry, v. Ireland, Antrim co, 20 m. N- Bal-
lymena.
Ballcck, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
121° 52' E. Lat. 6° 32' N.
Ballon, t, France, on the Ome, 16 m. S. Alen-
con. Pop. 3,560.
Ballon, t. France, in Lower-Charente, 9 m. S.
E. La Rochelle.
Balls. See Baah.
Ballston, p-t. and cap. Saratoga co. N. Y. 28 m.
N. Albany. Pop. 2,155. It contains a courthouse,
an academy, and 6 houses for public worship.
Ballslon-Spa, p-v. partlv in Ballston, but chief-
ly in Milton, Saratos;a co.'N. Y. 26 m. N. Albany,
in a beautiful and romantic situation. Pop. 614.
It has a courthouse, two printing-offices, a book-
store : with which is connected a circulating li-
brary and a reading room ; an academy, and 2
houses for public worship, one for Episcopalians,
and one for Baptists. This place is famous for its
mineral waters, which are much frequented by
the gay and fashionable during the months of July
and August. Hence, in addition to several inns,
there are three large boarding houses expressly
designed for the accommodation of strangers. In
the summer of 1818, 2,500 persons visited these
springs, of whom more than 1,200 were from the
states south of New York. The waters possess a
stimulating and refreshing quality. Under the
exhaustion of heat and fatigue, nothing can be
more agreeable and reviving to the system. As
a powerful remedy also in many diseases, they are
well known and highly celebrated. Letters in-
tended for persons residing at the springs, should
be directed to Ballston-Spa, as there is another
post-office in the town of Ballston, at some dis-
tance from the village.
Ballsrille, p-v. Powhattan co. Va. 48 m. N, W.
Richmond.
Balluntee, t. Hind, in Orissa, 13 m. S. E. Cat-
tack.
Ballybay, v. Ireland, 9 m. S. Monaghan.
BalUjcanoe, or Ballycaiinxnc, v. Ireland, Wex-
ford CO. 5 m. S. Newborough.
BaUyeaslle, s-p. Ireland, Antrim co. 30 m. N.
Antrim.
Ballycotton, isl. in St. George's charmel, on the
S. W. coast of Ireland, 4 m. fr. Cloyne. Lon. 7°
69'W. Lat. 51° 60' N.
Ballydonegan Bay, on the S. W. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 10° W.' Lat. 51° 35' N.
Ballydovelin Bay, on ihe S. VV. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 9^ 32' W. Lat. 5 1° 27' N.
Ballyela Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland, 12 m.
S. E. South- Arran islands. Lon. 9° 20' W. Lat.
52° 53' N.
Ballyfcris Point, cape, Ireland, on the coast of
Down.' Lon. 5° 23' W. Lat. 54° 33' N.
Ballygawly, v. Ireland, Tyrone co. 74 m. from
Dublin.
Ballygelly Head, cape, Ireland, on the E. coast.
Lon. 5° 44'' W. Lat, 54° 54' N,
Ballyhaura, v, Ireland, 21 m, N, Cork.
Baltyhays, t. Ireland, Cavan co. 59 m. fr, Dub-
liu.
BaUyheigh. See Kerry Head.
Ballylany, isl, near the W, coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10° 16' W, Lat, 53° 23' N.
BaUymena, t. Ireland, in Antrim co. on tl^e
Maine. Pop. 2,500. 20 m. N. W. Belfast.
BaVyraoney, v. Ireland, Antrim co. 23 m. N. An-
trim, 30 E. Londonderry. Pop. 1,800.
Ballyraghan Bay, on the W, coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 6' W. Lat. 53° 7' N.
Ballyshannon, s-p. Ireland, Donegal co. on a bay
at the mouth of the Erne, 40 m. S. W, Londoja-
derry,
Balme, t. Savoy, 6 m, N, W, Annecy.
Balmerino, v. Scotland, Fifeshire, on the S.
bank of the Tay, 8 m, N, VV. St. Andrews.
Balnakyle, v. Scotland, in a bay on the W. coast
of Lewis island, one of the Hebrides. Lon. 7° 3'
W. Lat, 58° 8' N,
Balongo, 3 islands in the bay of Bengal, near
tlie coast of Arracan, Lon, 93° to 93° 20' E. Lat.
19° 50' to 20° 5' JV,
Balremit Bay, on the E, coast of Colonsay, one
of the Hebrides, Lon, 6° 7' W. Lat, 56° 6' N.
Balsas, t. Peru, in Chachapuyas, on the E. side
of tlie Amazon, 40 m. N. Caxamarca. Lat, 6°
16' S.
Bahora. See Bassora.
Bahover. See Bolsaver. *
Balstal, t, Switzerland, 10 m. N. E. Solothurn.
Balta, or Balto, t. Eu, Russia, cap. of a circle
in Podolia, on the Kadyma, 65 m. N. N. E, Ben-
der,
Balta, one of the smaller Shetland islands, near
the E, coast of Unst. Lon, 4° 2' W. Lat, 61° 7' N.
Baltasch, v, Russia, in Caucasus, on the left of
the river Terek, 6 m. fr, Wladikawkas.
Baltchimkin. See Black sea.
Baltchutzko, t. Russia, in Colhyvan.
Baltic Port, or Rogerwick, s-p, Russia, in Re-
vel, on Roog island, at the influx of the Padis into
the Baltic, 38 m. AV. Revel, 150 N. Riga.
Baltic Sea, a well known inland sea in the north-
west of Europe. It begins at the Danish islands
of Zealand and Funen, and is formed by tlie coasts
of Denmark, Germany, Prussia, Russia, and Swe-
den. It extends beyond 65° N, lat, being above
600 miles in length, and varying from 75 to 150 in
breadth. Its surface contains about 120,000
square miles. The flatness of the Prussian shore,
with the niggedncss of that of Sweden, and above
all, the sudden changes in the state of the winds,
and tlie violent storms, render this sea very dan-
gerous for navigators. It is frozen for about three
montlis every year, so as to prevent navigation
altogether ; in the south, the melting of the ice
takes place in April ; but in the gulfs of Bothnia
and Finland, it is seldom dissolved till the end of
May. There are three passages from the Catte-
gat into the Baltic — the Sound, the Great Belt,
and the Little Belt; of these, the most frequent-
ed is the Sound. At each a toll is paid for the
purpose of maintaining light-houses. The num-
ber of vessels which passed the Sound in 1816,
was 8,871.
BaUimore, t. Ireland, Cork co. 13 m. S, Bantry,
B A L
' Baltimore, t. Windsor co. Vt. 1 1 m. S.W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 207.
Baltimore, hundred, Sussex co. Delaware.
Baltimore, co. Md. on the W. side of Chesa-
peake bay, N. of Patapsco river. Chief t. Balti-
more. Pop. 29,255, exclusive of the city and its
precincts.
Baltimore, pity, and port of entry, Baltimore co.
Maryland, is on the N. side of Patapsco river, 14
miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay ; 38
m. N. E. Washington. 100 S. W. Philadelphia, 190
S. W, New York, 400 S. W. Boston, 160 N. E.
Richmond, 230 E. S. E. Pittsburg, 590 N. N. E.
Charleston. Lon. 76° 36' W. Lat. 39° 17' N.
Pop. of the city and precincts, in 1790, 13,503 ;
in 1800, 26,514 ; in 1810, 46,555, of whom 10,343
were blacks; and in 1820, 62,627.
Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is
connected by good turnpike roads with various
parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navigable wa-
ters which run into the Ohio. It possesses the
trade of Maryland, and of a great portion of the
back country of Pennsylvania, and the western
States. In amount of shipping, it is the third
city in the Union. The number of tons in 1815
was 101,960. The growth of the city has been
remarkably rapid. In 1790, the amount of ship-
ping was only 13,564 tons, and the population in
1770 was only 300.
The city is built around a bay, which sets up
from the north side of the Patapsco. and affords a
spacious and convenient harbor. The strait
which connects this bay with the river is very
narrow, scarcely a pistol shot across, and is well
defended by Fort M 'Henry. A small river, called
Jones' Falls, empties into the north side of the
harbor, and divides the city into two parts, called
the town and Fell's point, which are connected by
bridges. At Fell's point, the water is deep
enough for vessels of 500 or 600 tons, but none
larger than 200 tons can go up to the town.
Baltimore contains the State penitentiary ; the
city and county almshouse ; a court-house ; a
museum ; a theatre ; a custom-house ; a hospital,
in which there is a fine collection of anatomical
preparations in wax ; an exchange, an immense
edifice recently erected; 3 market houses; 10
banks, 31 houses of public worship, 5 for Roman
Catholics, 5 for Episcopalians, 5 for Methodists, 3
for Baptists, 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Dutch Re-
formed, 2 for Seceders, 2 for Friends, 1 for Lu-
therans, 1 for Independents, 1 for Dunkers, 1 for
Unitarians, and 1 for Swedenborgians.
A marble monument to the memory of General
Wasliington has been recently erected, on an ele-
vation at the north end of Charles street. The
base is 50 feet square, and 23 feet high, on which
is another square of about half the extent and
elevation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in
diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On the
iummit of this column, 163 feet from the ground,
the statue of Washington is to be placed.
The Battle Monument, erected to the memory
of those who fell in bravely defending their city
from the attack of the British on llie 12th and 13th
of Sept. 1814, is a handsome structure of stone, sit-
uated on a large square in Nortli Calvert street.
The names of the persons are to be inscribed on
the column.
The city is generally well built. The houses
are chiefly of brick; many of them are handsome,
5wd some splendid. The principal street igMorket
BAM
8:3
or Baltimore street, 86 feet wide. It runs nearly
east and west, parallel with the harbor, and is in-
tersected by others at right angles. North and
East of the city, the land rises to a considerable
elevation, from which there is a noble view of the
city and harbor.
There are several literary institutions in this
city. A Medical College was founded in 1807.
In 1812 the institution was enlarged, and receiv-
ed a new charter. It is now styled the University
of Maryland, and embraces the departments of
languages, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and di-
vinity. The medical department has 6 Professors,
and is in a veiy flourishing state. There are no
Professors as yet in the other departments. St.
Mary's College has a valuable library, a chemical
and philobophical apparatus, and about 150 stu-
dents. Baltimore college has 2 iristructors, and
about 60 students.
Baltinglass, t. Ireland, Wicklow co. 29 m. S.
W. Dublin.
Balturta, lake, Russia, in Orenburg, 143 m. S.
W. Upha. Lon. 52<^ 4' E. Lat. 50° N.
Baluchistan. See Beloochistan.
Balve, or Balm, t. Prussian states, in the duchy
of Westphalia, on the Hohn, 10 m. S. W. Arens-
berg, 38 N. E. Cologne.
Baltilier, v. Syria, 12 m. fr. Latakia.
Bam. See Bumm.
Bamada, t. S. America, in La Paz, lOO ra. S,
Potosi.
Bamba, the largest and richest provinceof Con-
go, West Africa. It extends along the coast
about 150 miles, from the river Ambriz to the Co-
anza. The city of Bamba is upwards of 70
leagues in the interior, Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat, 7"
2'S.
Bambarra, a large and powerful kingdom of
central Africa, on both sides of the Niger, be-
tween Kaarta on the west, and Tombucloo on the
east. The inhabitants consist of a mixture of
Moors and Negroes. The trade with the coast is
carried on by travelling merchants; that with
Barbary, by tlie Moors, across the desert. Its cap-
ital is Sego.
Bamberg, formerly a bishopric and principality
in Franconia, now included in the Bavarian cir-
cles of the Maine and the Rezat. .Pop. 207,000-
Extent, 1,430 square miles. It yields a revenue
of 150,000/. sterling.
Bamberg, the capital of the circle of the Maine,
in Bavaria, is on the Regnitz, which enters the
Maine a little below the town. It has a cathedral,
which is a vast Gothic edifice ; and a university
which possesses a good library and museum of
natural history. 30 m. N. N. W. Nuremberg.
Long. 10° 35' E. Lat. 49° 36' N. Pop. 20,000.
Bamborough, v. Eng. in Northumberland,
on the sea coast, with a castle close to the sea-
shore, 5 m. E. Belford.
Bambouch, the ancient Magog, or Hieropolii,
city, Syria. It was of an irregular form, envi-
roned by walls, entered by 4 gates. The remains
of several anjcient structures and sculptures are
stiil seen. 50 m. fr. Aleppo.
Bambouk, kingdom of Central Africa, lying be-
tween the Senegal and Gambia ; on the E. bank of
the Faleme, and S. of the kingdom of Gallam. It
is about 100 miles from N. to S. and 80 from E. to
W. It appears to be the main source of that
large quantity of gold, which is on one side con-
vsyed dowti the Gambirxao'i Senegal, snd on tht
o4
B A-N
other across tlie desert into Barbary. The in-
habitants are mostly of the Mauding race, and
profess Mahometanism.
Bambukalasi, i. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 12 m.
N. Deuiziglii.
Bamau-i/, isl. oft" the coast of Chittayong, in
Bengal. Here is an extensive manufacture of
,<alt.
Bamian, city, Persia, on the S. W. side of the
Hindoo Khoosh mountains, 100 m. N. W. Cabul,
170 S. S. E. Balk. The city is cut out of the
mountain, and is said to consist of 12,000 cham-
bers or recesses. Lon. 66° 57' E. Lat. 34° 30' N.
Bammakoo, t. Banibarra, in Africa, on the Ni-
ger, at the cataracts. The town carries on a
great trade in salt. 180 m. S. W. Sego. Lon. 5<^
48' W, Lat. 12° 50' N.
Samoa, t. Ava, on tlie Irrawaddy, 170 m. N. N.
E. Anmierapore.
Bampton, or Bam-pton in the Bush, t. Eng. in
Oxfordshire, 10 m. fr. Oxford. Pop. 1,232.
Bampton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. N. Tiv-
erton, Pop. 1,452.
Banaghan, t. Ireland, King's co. on the Shan-
non, 15 m. S. Athlone.
Banaganpilly, v. Hind, celebrated for its dia-
mond mines. 12 m. W. NundiaL Lon. 79° E.
Lat. 14° 28' N.
Banaru, t. Persia, in Laristan, 30 m. W. Lar.
Banaz, t. in Natolia, 30 m. N. W. Karahissar.
Banbury, t. Eng. Oxford co. 22^ m. N. Oxford,
75 N. W. London. Pop. 2,841.
Banca, island, in the Indian sea, about 130
miles long, and 40 or 50 broad, separated from Su-
matra by the straits of Banca. A vast quantity
of tin is obtained from mines situated in seven dif-
ferent places, which are said to be worked by a
colony of about 10,000 Chinese. From 133
pounds of ore, 75 pounds of metal are obtained ;
and the total produce of the mines amounts to
four millions of pounds annually. It formerly be-
longed to the king of Palembangan, but was ceded
to the British in 1812. In 1814, the British ceded
it to Holland in exchange for Cochin. It was
formerly almost uninhabited, except by miners
and pirates. Lon. 105° 15"— 10G° 40' E. Lat. 1°
27'— 3° 4' S.
Banca, Straits of, between the island of Suma-
tra on the W. and that of Banca on the E. It is
about 102 miles in length.
Banca, isl. off tire N. E. extremity of Celebes.
Lon. 125° E. Lat. 1° 30' N.
Bancalia, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon.
101° 54' E. Lat. 1° 38' N.
Bancapour, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 50 m. E. Dar-
war. Lon. 75° 10' E. Lat. 14° 58' N.
Bankapour, t. Hind, in Mysore, 108 m. N. W.
Seringapatam.
Bancaro, r. Africa, falls into the Coago from
the N.
Banco, t.'S. America, in Carthagena, on the
Magdalena.
Bancock, or Fon, t. Siam, 15 or 16 m. fr. the
sea, on the E. side of the river Meinam, Lon.
101° 10' E. Lat. 13° 40' N.
Buncos, islands on the N. W. coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84° 46' W. Lat. 15° 24' N.
BOncovt, r. Hind, rises in tlie Ghaut mountains
and fails into the sea, near Fort Victoria.
Bnncov-f, or Fort Victoria, isl. Hind, on the
coast of Concan, with a good harbor, 70 m. S.
Bombay. Lon. 72° 55' E. Lat. 17° 56' N.
Bartda Island?, a group of islands about 130 m ,
BAN
K. B. E. Amboyna. They are ten in number ;
and covered with rich black soil. None of them
are large. Lantoir is only 8 miles long, by 2i
broad, and Neira, the next in importance, 2\ miles
long, by I of a mile broad. I'he chief produce
of the Banda islands is nutmegs, for the cultiva-
tion of which Neira, Lantoir, Pulo Ay, and Pulo
Rondo, are laid out in parks or plantations. Each
tree produces about ten pounds yearly. The total
quantity produced in the four islands, was former-
ly estimated at 350,000 pounds of nutmeg annu-
ally, and 100,000 pounds of mace. The cultiva-
tion is only allowed in four of the islands. In all
the others, care is taken to extirpate the tree ;
and in those islands where the nutmeg is cultiva-
ted, the trade is held under a strict monopoly.
These islands draw a Large portion of their pro-
visions from Batavia. The Dutch were the first
European occupiers of the Banda islands ; but in
1796 the British took possession of them without
resistance. They were restored in 1801 ; again
captured in 1810, and again restored at the gen-
eral peace of 1814. Lon. 130° E. Lat. 4° 30' S.
Bandell, t. Bengal, 2 m. above Hoogly.
Bander ^ibassi. See Gomberoon.
Banderas, bay, on the W. coast of Mexico, be-
tween Cape Corrientes and Tintoque point Lat.
20° 30' N.
Bandi, t. Africa, in Lower Guinea, on an island
at the mouth of Bandi river.
Banditti Island, at the S. entrance of the straits
of Lombock. Lon. 1 15° 35' E. Lat 8° 50' S.
Bandonbridge, t. Ireland, Cork co. on the river
Bandon. Linens, camblets, and coarse woollen
stuffs are manufactured here. Pop. 14,120. U'.
m. fr. Cork.
Bandore, t. Hind, on the island of Salsette, 6
m. N. Bombay.
Baneas, t Syria, 34 m. N. Tripoli,
Banee, isl. in the English channel, 3 m, S. W.
Ushant. Lon. 4° 55' W. Lat. 48'^ 25' N.
Banff, a maritime county of Scotland, bounded
N, by Murray frith, S. and E. by Aberdeen co,
and W. by Elgin and Inverness. It contains 622
square miles, and 36,668 inhabitants.
Banff, s-p. Scotland, in Banff co. at the mouth
of the Derevon, where there is an indifferent har-
bour, owing to tlie shifting of sand banks. 4A
m. N. W. Aberdeen. Lon. 2° 25' W, Lat. 57^
38' N, Pop. 2,860.
Bangalore, t. Hind, in Mysore, formerly the
capital of a kingdom. Its principal manufactures
are woollen cloths, and silk. A great trade !#"
carried on in betel-nut, black pepper, and sandal-
wood. The situation is healthy, being elevate('
about 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. In
1819, the London Miss. Society sent out 2 mission-
aries to occupy this station. 74 m. N. E. Sering-
apatam, 21 5 W. Madras. Lon. 77° 46' E. Lat. 12'='
57' N.
Bangey, a cluster of islands in the Molucca pas-
sage. Lon. 124° 15' E. Lat 1° 45' S.
Bango, isl. near Siam. Lon. 98° 42' E. Lat.
7° 48' N.
Bangor, city and bishop's see, Wales, in Caer-
narvonshire, on a bay in the Menai straits. Pop.
of the parish, 2,393. 251 m. N. W. London.
Bangor, v. Wales, in Flintshire, on the Dee.
Bangor, t. Ireland, Down co. 90 m. N, E. Dub-
hn.
Bangor, p-t. and cap. Penobscot co. Maine, on
the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of nav-
igation ; 35 m. N. Castine } and 52 from Owl's
BAN
Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay. Pop. in
1810, 850. It is not open for shipping during the
winter, but at other seasons is of very eiisy ac-
cess for vessels of almost any size, and the river is
open at all times within 12 miles to Frankfort.
Bangor will be the natural market for a large
portion of the interior of Maine. It is a flourish-
ing place, and contains a court-house, bank, and
printing-office. A Theological Seminary has been
recently established here, styled "The Maiae
Charity School." It is under the direction of
2 professors and a preceptor. Its design is to pre-
pare young men for the ministry by a shorter
course of study than is usual. The qualifications
for admission, are a knowledge of English gram-
mar, arithmetic and Latin grammar, and some ac-
quaintance with the Latin classics. The term of
study is four years.
Bangor, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. 15 m. W. Ma-
)one.
Bangue, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic,
Lat. 7° 42' N.
Bang-uey, isl, off the N. coast of Borneo. Lon.
n70 25'E.Lat. 7° 15' N.
Banhanghur, t. Hind. 88 m. S. S. W, Benares.
Banho, t. Portugal, in Beira, 10 m. N. E. V^i-
seu.
Banlii/bazar, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly, 15 m. N,
Calcutta.
Baniak, isl. off W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 96°
48' E. Lat. 2° 10' N.
Banjalvka, or Bagnaluka, fort and t. Turkey,
iVi Bosnia. 144 m. \V.- Belgrade, Lon. 17° 9' E.
Lat, 45° 4' N,
Banjar Massin, t. and district, Borneo, on a
river of that name, which falls into the sea near
the S. extremity of the island. The district pro-
duces diamonds, gold dust, iron, canes, and pep-
per, the last of which is its staple commodit}'. The
Dutch have a fort and factory here. Lon. 114°
55' E. Lat. 3° S.
Banica, t. St. Domingo, 40 m. S, E. Cape Fran-
cois.
Bankala, isl. off the coast of Celebes. Lon. 122°
51' E. Lat. 2° 30' S.
Bankapour, fort, Hind, in Mysore, on the river
Budra, 9 m. N, W, Seringapatam.
Bankodang, in the Eastern Indian sea. Lon.
118° 2' E. Lat. 5° 12' S.
Bankok. See Bancock.
Banks, Cape, the N. E. point of Botany Bay, on
the E. coast of New Holland.
Bank'^s Island, New Zealand, 60 miles in
circumference, and visible at the distance of 12 or
15 leagues. 15 m, from Tavai Poenammoo, Lat
43° 32' S. Lon. 186° 30' W.
Bank''s Island, near the N. W. coaet of Amer-
ica, about 60 m. long, and 5 broad. Lon. 129°
45' to 130° 10' W, Lat. 53° 30' N,
Bank's Port, a harbour on the N. W, coast of
America. Lon. 185° W. Lat, 56° 40' N,
Bankybazar, t. Bengal, on the bank of the Hoog-
ly 16 m, N, Calcutta,
Bann, r. Ireland, passes through Lough Neagh,
and runs into the North sea, 4 m. N. W. Colerain.
Bannalec, t. France, in Finisterre, 4 m, S, E,
Rosperden. Pop, 4,760,
Bannbridge, v, Ireland, Down co, 12 m. N, N, E
Newry.
Bannec, isl. in the E)iglish channel, near the
coast of France. Lon. 4° 55' W. Lat. 48° 25' N.
Bannockburn, v. Scotland, Stirlingshire, on the
BaiiKOck ; famous for a batUe, betweeu the Scotch
BAR
SB
and English, June 1314, in which the English were
defeated ; and for another between James III. and
his subjects in 1488. 4 m. E, Stirling, 31 W. Ed-
inburgh.
Bannow, a-p. Ireland, 11 m, E, S. E, Water-
ford.
Bams, t. Spain, in Leone, 30 m. from Placentia,
in Estremadura, Here are baths recommended
for rheumatisms and nervous complaints. Its
vines produce annually 15,000 arobas of wine.
Bantam, kingdom on the N, W. coast of Java,
belonging to the Dutch- Bantam, the capital,
stands about a mile from the sea, in a low marshy
situation, on Bantam river, 61m. W. Batavia, It
was once the chief resort of vessels froai Europe,
but its trade is transferred to otlier channels, and
the bay and harbour are so much choaked up
with accessions of earth washed down from the
mountains, and the growth of coral shoals, as to
be inaccessible to ships of burden,
Banteln, v. Hanover, in the principality of Ca-
lenberg, 18 m. E. Hameln,
Bantry, t. Ireland, on Bantry Bay, 40 m, S, W,
Cork.
Bantry Bay, on S. W. coast of Ireland, about
25 miles long by 6 or 8 broad, with between 10
and 40 fathoms of water. It affords a very fmc
harbour for shipping. Lon. 9° 24' to 9° 45' E.
Lat. 51° 30' to 51° 40' N.
Banyouwangy, Dutch settlement on the coast of
Java, It is sometimes covered with ashes, from a
volcano on tlie island of Bali, Lon. 114° 20' E.
Lat. 8° 15' S,
Baol, kingdom W, Africa, between the SenegsdL
and Gambia,
Bapaume, t, France, in Pas-de-Calais, 18 S. E.
Arras. Lon. 2° 51' 7" E. Lat, 50° 6' 12" N,
Bapaume, or Maromme, r, France, falls into the
Seine below Rouen.
Bapopas, t. in the interior of New Albion. Lat^.
37° 45' N. Lon. 1 14° 25' W. See New Albion.
Bar, or Barr, t. France, in Lower Rhine, It
trades in corn, cattle, wine, and brandy, and has
manufactures of linen and other cloths. 16 n*.
S, W, Strasburg, Pop, 4, 100,
Bar, or Baer, t, Russia, in Podolia, on the rivev
Kow. 45 m. E. N. E, Kaminioc, Lon. 27° 52^
E, Lat, 49° 5' N,
Bar, V. France, in Var, 4 m. N. E. Grassc,
Bar, t. Hind, on the Ganges, in Behar. Lon.
95° 50' E, Lat. 25° 18' N.
Baraha, plain, Siberia, in Tomsk, between the
rivers Irtisch, Oby, and the Altaian mountains.
Baracan, t. Hungary, at the influx of the Gran
into the Danube, 2 m.N. Gran. The circle of Bar-
acan contains 26 villages.
Babacoa, s-p. Cuba, 50 m, N, E. St,Jagode Cu-
ba.
Baracoe, s-p, on the Gold coast of Africa, Lon.
1°25'W, Lat, 5°28'N,
Baragon, isl, near the island of Salsette, on the
W, coast of Hindostan,
Baraiche, district, Hind, separated from Nc-
paul by a lofty range of mountains.
Baranei-Stanitz, t. Siberia, on the Lena, 52 m.
N. E.Vitimskoi. Lon. 113° 14' E. Lat, 54° 50' N.
Barania, r. Mexico, runs into the Pacific, lat,
■ 22° N.
Baranov, cape, Siberia, on the shore of the Fro-
zen ocean. Mammoth's tusks, of 115 pounds
weight, have been found here, Lat, 69° 29' N.
Baranya, county, Hungary, on the Danube. It
is rich in grain, fruit, cattJe, andgr^m". Pop.
BAR
BAR
140,000 ; consisting of Hungarians, German?,
Russians, and Croats.
Barataria. See Barraiaria.
Barato, Porto, s-p. Italj', in Piombino, on the
coast, with a harbour.
Barau, t. Bohemia, on the Blanitz, 60 m. S.
Prague.
Barbacoa, isl. in the Atlantic, within the gulf of
Darien.
Barbacoas, city. New G renada, near the coast,
120 m. N. Quito, 110 W. S. W. Popayan.
Barbacoas, t in Venezuela, at the source of
Tucuyo river ; another on the E. of Lake Mara-
Cciibo, 75 S. Venezuela.
Barbadoes, one of the Caribbees, and the most
eastern of the W. India islands. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Lon. 59° W. The earl of Marlborough obtained
from James I. a grant of the island, in 1624, and
laid the foundation of James Town. It is 21 miles
long, 14 broad, and contains 106,470 acres. It
lies 20 leagues E. of St. Vincent, 25 from St. Lu-
cia, 28 S. E. Martinico, 60 N. E. Trinidad, and
100 S. E. St. Christopher's. It is divided into 5
districts and 11 parishes ; chief t. Bridgetown.
Pop. in 1811, 16,289 whites ; 3,392 free people of
colour; 62,258 slaves. In 1810, the imports were
311,400/. Exports, 271,597/. Owing to the
hurricanes, the population and produce of the isl-
and have diminished. From 1740 to 1786, the
annual exports declined from 13,948 hogsheads of
sugar to 9,554 ; from 12.884 puncheons of rum to
5,448, &c. The United Brethren, and the Wes-
leyan Methodists have each a missionary here, and
the Church Missionary Society supports a school
for the education of the negroes.
Barbantane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
5 m. S. W. Avignon.
Bqrbarano, t. Venetian territory, in Vicentino,
12 m. E. Aviano.
Barbary, or the Barbary Slates, an extensive
country lying along the northern coast of Africa,
bounded N. by the Mediterranean, S. by the Saha-
ra or Great Desert, and W. by the Atlantic. It
is intersected through nearly its whole extent by
the celebrated Atlas range of mountains, which
run parallel with the coast. Between this chain
and the sea is a valley, from 50 to 200 miles bi-oad,
which constitutes the cultivated land of Barbary.
This tract is well watered, and exhibits an exu-
berant fertility, producing wheat, olives, almonds,
and delicious fruits. The tract between the Atlas
range and the desert is to a great extent sandy
and barren, but produces dates in such abun-
dance, that it is called Biledulgerid, or the coun-
try of dates. The cl imate of Barbary is temperate
and pleasant. The plague, however, occasion-
ally visits it, and leprosy is very common. Among
the animals are lions, leopards, and enormous
serpents, some of which are venomous. The
inhabitants may be divided into 4 classes. 1. The
Moors, who are the ruling people, and constitute
the mass of the population in all the cities. They
■are among the most vicious and profligate people
on the earth. They are pirates, and formerly com-
mitted great depradations in the Mediterranean,
on tiie commerce of Christian nations. 2. The
Jews, who are the principal merchants, and are
continually insulted and most cruelly oppressed
by the Moors. 3. The Arabs, who live in tents,
in independent tribes, and wander with their
flocks and herds in the interior districts, on the
borders of tlie desert. 4. The Brebers, who are
fle,scendants of the ancient natives, and inhabit the
mountainous disti'icts. They live in fixed villa-
ges, and cultivate the ground. The religion of
all these classes, except the Jews, is Mahometan-
ism. The names of the Barbary states are Mo-
rocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
Barbary, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. 134 m. W. Ra-
leigh.
Barber''s, p-v. Fauquier co. Va.
Barbary Point, Africa, the N. cape at the mouth
of Senegal river. Lat. W^ N.
Barbas, cape, on the W. coast of Africa, near
the mouth of St. Cyprian river. Lat. 22° N.
Barbastre, s-p. France, isl. of Noirmoutier, in
La Vendee.
Barbata, r. Algiers, falls into the Taphna, 1 m.
S. Tackumbreet.
Barbela, or Verbela, r. Africa, the S. branch of
the Zaire or Congo, supposed to rise in Matamba.
Barberi.no, t. Italy, in Tuscany, between Flor-
ence and Sienna.
Barberino di Valdelsa, t. Tuscany, in Certaldo,
on the Sieve, at the foot of the Appennines, 18 m.
N. Florence.
Burbezieux, t. France, in Charente, 28 m. S. E.
Saintes. Pop. 2,740.
Barbing, v. Bavaria, on tlie S. bank of the Dan-
ube, below Ratisbou,
Barbovrsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. 87 m. N. W;
Richmond.
Barbourville, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Ken. 124
m. S. Frankfort. Pop. 55.
Barbonne, t. France, in Marne, 5 m. S. W. Se-
zanne.
Barbuda, one of the Caribbee islands, 21 miles
long, 12 wide. 12 leagues N. E. Antigua, 24 N.
N. E. St. Christopher's. Lon. 61° 46' W. Lat.
17° 36' N.
Barbuc, r. U. S. runs into Lake Michigan from
the S. Jl between Raisin and Maramee rivers ;
72 m. N. Fort St. Joseph's. Another in Canada,
runs into Lake Erie, 40 m. W. Long-point.
Barburata, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon.
86O50'W. Lat. I60 26'N.
Barby, county of the Prussian states on the
Elbe, between Magdeburg and Anholt.
Barby, chief t. Barby co. on the Elbe, near the
junction of the Saale, 14 ra. S. S. E. Magdeburg,
Pop. 2,814.
Barca, country, Africa, on the coast, between
Tripoli and Egypt. It belongs to Tripoli. Chief
t. Derne. Its sea-port, Barca, is in lon. 20° 25
E. lat. 32° 26' N.
Barcelona, city, Spain, in Catalonia, on the
Mediten-anean. The harbor, though spacious, is
difficult of entrance. The manufactures are cal-
ico, silk, woollen, and cotton goods ; excellent
muskets, pistols, swords, and other small arms.
The imports are French and Italian manufactured
goods ; corn, rice, timber from the Baltic ; yellow
wax from Barbary, iron from Sweden, steel from
England and Styria, hemp from Riga and St. Pe-
tersburgh, linen, copper, bi-ass, and wire, from
Germany, and codfish from Newfoundland. The
town is elegantly built, has nine parish churches,
34 cloisters, six colleges, si-:; hospitals, one of which
is fitted up to contain 3,000 sick ; a theatre, and
dock-yard. It is the see of a bishop. It is strongly
fortified, but, on the 16th February 1808, it was
surprised by a body of French troops under gene-
ral Duhesme, and continued in possession of the
French until 1814. 39 m. E. N. E. Tarragona.
276 E. N, E. Madrid. Lon. 2° 9' 57" E. Lat
41° 21' 44" N. Pop. 111,500. »
BAR
Barcelona, t. on the northern coast of S. Ameri-
ca, capital of a district of the same name. It has
been an emporium for great quantities of contra-
band goods imported from Trinidad, and dispers-
ed over the adjacent provinces. It is 42 m. W. of
Cumana. Pop. 14,000.
Barcelona River. See J^everi.
Barcelonetta, i. Spain, S. E. of Barcelona, be-
tween its harbor and the light-house. Pop.
10,000.
Barcellonelte, formerly a province of France
now included in Lower Alps.
Barcellonette, t. France, in Lower Alps. Near
it is a passage across the Alps to Coni : 36 m. N.
W. Nice.
Bard, fort, in Piedmont, on the Doria, 17 m. S.
S. E. Aosta.
Bardes^ isl. N. of Goa, on the W. coast of Hind.
Bardemck, t. duchy of Luneburg, on the Elme-
nau, 4 m. N. Luneburg, formerly a trading town
of great note.
Bardi, t. Italy, in Parma, the head of a mar-
quisate, 26 m. W. Parma.
Bardinetto, t. Piedmont, on the Appenines, 10
m. S. Ceva.
Bardistan, cape in the Persian gulf. Lon. 5P
15' E. Lat. 28° N.
Bardoneche, t. Piedmont, in a valley, 18 m. W.
SUSSL
Bardsey, isl. on the coast of Wales. Lon. 5° 4'
W. Lat. 52° 48' N.
Barejields, p-t. Liberty co. S. Carolina, 41 m. fr.
Washington.
Barford, t. Richelieu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada. S. E. Montreal on the Province
line.
Barege, or Barreges, v. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 10 m. S. Bagneres. It is famed for its min-
eral waters.
Bareilly, city. Hind. cap. of Bareilly district, on
the Saukra ; 40 miles east of the Ganges, 805
N. W. of Calcutta. Lon. 79° 21' E. Lat. 28° 22'
N. It is large and populous, and the seat of the
British Judicial establishment for the district, and
is one of the stations of the Church Missionary So-
ciety. The district was ceded to the British gov-
ernment in 1802, and bids fair to become one of
the finest parts of the Enghsh dominions in the east.
Barelon, el, Lybia, the ancient Parcetonium,
150 m. W. Alexandria.
Bareniin, t. France, in Lower Seine, 8 m. W.
Rouen.
Barenton, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. S. E.
Mortain. Pop. 3,120.
Bareuth. See Baj/reuth.
Barffieur, s-p. France, in La Manche. Here
William the Conqueror equipped the expedition
which effected the conquest of England. 12 m.
E. Cherbourg. The promontory of Barfleur is 18
m. E. Cherbourg. Lon. 1° 17' W. Lai. 49° 40' N.
Barga, t. and cap. of a vicariat in the grand
duchy of Tuscany, on the Serchio, 6 m. fr. Luc-
ca. Pop. 9,000.
Bargaintown, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. 88 m. S,
Trenton.
"Barge, or Barges, t. Piedmont, at the foot of
the Alps, a little N. W, Saluzzo, 8 m. S. Pignerol.
Pop. 6,900.
Bargoosin, t. Russia, in Nertchinsk, on the Bar-
goozina, 348 m. N. E. Irkutsk.
Barguzin, r. Siberia, ran? into lake Baikal,
near Bargumnsk.
BAR
87.
Bargusiiisk v. and fort, Siberia, on Lake Bai-
kal, 104 m. N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 110° 14' E. Lat.
53° 30' N.
Barham, t. Eng. Kent co. On Barham Downs
the Canterbury races are held. 6 m. fr. Canter-
bury.
Bari, province of Naples, on the gulf of Venice.
Pop. 290,000. Bari, its chief town, is a place of
considerable trade; on the gulf; 18 m. E. S. E.
Trani, and 120 E. N. E. Naples, and contains
18,000 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Barjac, t. France, in Gard, 18 m. N. E. Alais.
Barima, Point, on the S. side of the entrance
into the Orinoco, N. Lat. 8° 45'.
Barinas. See Farinas.
Barjols, or Barjoux, t. France, in Var, 27 m.
N. Toulon.
Bariquisimeto. See Barquisimtlo.
Barkadares, part of the Logwood country, E.
side of Yucatan, on the river Balize. It has
Hicks Keys on the S. and South Lagoon on the N.
Lat. 11° 45' N. Lon. 89'^ W.
Barkharmted, p-t Litchfield co. Ct. 20 m. N. E.
Litchfield; Pop. 1,506.
Barking, t. Eng. Essex co. 7 m. E. London.
Pop. 2,421. Its inhabitants are fishermen, who
supply Billingsgate with fish.
Barkisland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. fr. Hali-
fax. Pop. 2.096.
Barkway, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 34i m. fr.
London.
Barlaimont, eounty of France, on the Sam-
bre, in North, 12 m. S. E. Le Quesnoy.
Barlanga, t. Spain, on the Douro, in Old Cas-
tile, 15 m. S. E. Osma.
Barlat, t. Moldavia, on Barlat river, 60 m. N.
W. Galate. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat. 46° 12' N.
Bark, r. Eng. flows into the Exe, 5 m. below
Dulverton.
Burlenga, isL off the coast of Portugal. Lon. 9^
24' W. Lat. 39^^ 20' N.
Barletta, s-p. Naples, on the gulf of Venice.
Pop. 15,925. 25 m. W. Bari, 100 E. N. E. Naples.
Barloiv, t. Washington co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Mari-
etta.
Barlow's Cove, on the N. coast of Admiralty isl.
Lon. 225° 14' E. Lat. 58° 22' N.
Barmouth, s-p. Wales, Merioneth co. at tlie
mouth of the Maw, 8 m. S. W. Dolgelly ; much re-
sorted to for sea-bathing.
Barmstadt, or J^ew Ranzaw, co. Denmark, in
Holstein. It consists of the castle of Ran/aw, the
market town of Barmstadt, and several villages.
The town is 17 m. N. N. W. Hamburgh.
Barnagore, t. Bengal, on the bank of tlie Hoog-
ly 3 m. above Calcutta.
Barnard, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 21 m. N. W.
Windsor ; Pop. 1,648.
Barnard, p-t. Meigs co. Ohio.
Barnard's Castle, t. Eng. Durham co. on the
Tees. Pop. 2,986. 216 m. N. London.
Barnaul, t. Siberia, on a river which falls into
the Obe, 100 m. S. E. Kolhyvane. It consists of
1,000 houses, and istlieseatof chancery of the mines
in the Altaian mountains. One of the mines is
very productive in gold and silver. Here are a
foundery of bells and manufactories for glass and
tiles, which employ 4,000 Peasants.
Barnby-upon-Dun, t. Eng. Yorksliire, 5 m. E.
Doncaster.
Barnegat, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
5 m, S, Poughkeepsie. Lime is maufactured in
BAR
BAR
this place ia large quantities and seat to j\ew-
York.
Barnf gat-hay, or Inlet, on the E. coast of N. J.
in Monmouth co. 68 m. N. E. Cape May. The
Beach extends from tlie inlet S. W. 16 miles to lit-
tle Egg-harbor. Lat. 39° 47' 30" N. Lon. 74° 13'
W.
Bamesley, t. Eng. Yorkshire. It has manufac-
tures of iron, wire, nails, hardware, bottles, linen,
and cotton. Pop. 5,014. 12 m. fr. Rotherham.
Bamestoun, p-t. Montgomery co. Md. 36 m. fr.
Washington.
BamesviUe, p-t. Belmont co. Ohio ; 11 m. S. W.
St. Clairsville.
Barnet, or Chipping Barnet, t. Eng, Hertford-
shire, 1 1 m. N. London.
Barnet, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 15m. N.Newbury; Pop. 1,301.
BameV s-tavern, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. 59 m.
W. Washington.
Bamereldt, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Guelder-
land. Pop. 4,770. 10 m. E. S. E. Amersford.
Barnevelt s Islands, on the S. shore of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 66° 58' W. Lat. 55° 40' S.
Barneyville, t. France, in La Manche. Pop.
840. 15 m. S. S. W. Cherbourg.
Barnim, circle in the Middle mark of Branden-
burg, divided into Upper and Lower : Pop. of the
Upper, 40,000 ; of the Lower, including the city
Beriin, 175,500.
Bamoldsuick, t. Eng. Yorkshire. 12 m. fr. Settle.
Bai-nslable, co. Mass. in the S, E. part of the
state. It comprises the whole of the peninsula of
Cape Cod, and is separated from Plymouth co. by
a narrow isthmus extending from Barnstable bay
to Buzzard's bay. Pop. 22,21 1 . The soil is prin-
cipally sandy and barren, and the inhabitants de-
pend on the sea for subsistence.
Barnstable, s-p. and cap. Barnstable go. Mass.
on Barnstable bay, 68 m, S, S. E. Boston. Pop.
3,646. The harbor has a bar which prevents the
entrance of large vessels. The inhabitants are
largely concerned in navigation and the fisheries.
The amount of shipping in 1815 was 15,964 tons.
Barnstaple, s-p, and bor. Eng, Devonshire, on
the Taw. It has a manufacture of baize and
woollens for Plymouth market. Pop. 4,019. 36
m, N, N. W. Exeter.
Bamstead, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, S.
E. Montreal on the Province line. Pop, 500,
Bamstead, p-t. Strafford co. N.H. 26 m, N. E.
Concord. Pop. 1,477,
Barn-tavern, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Baroche sous Luce, la, t. France, in Ome, 29 m.
W. Alencon.
Baronstown, t. Ireland, Louth co. 6 m. W, N.
W. Dundalk.
Barquisimeto, city S. America, in Venezuela,
120 m. W. S. W. Caraccas. It is on an elevated
plain and cooled by the almost constant N. E.
wind. The houses are well built, and the streets
are wide. Pop. 11,300. Its trade is in cattle,
sugar, wheat, cocoa, coffee.
Barr, r, Ireland, runs into the Foyle, near Lif-
ford,
Barr, Great, t. Eng, Staffordshire, 2 m. fr,
Wakall,
Barra, v, Italy, in Napl«!s, near the city of Na-
ples. Pop. 5,250.
Barra, isl. in the North sea, 27 m. fr. Cape
Wrath, Lon. b° 40' W. Lat. 58° 58' N,
Barra, kingdom. West- Africa, at the mouth of
the Gambia. 18 leagues long and 14 broad.
Barra Inding, the capital of Barra, ueai point
Barra, on N, side of the Gambia,
Barraconda, t. W. Africa, on the Gambia, at the
falls, 400 m. above its mouth. The tide flows up
to this place. Loa. 13° W. Lat, 13° 36' N.
Barrada, or Barradys. See Abana.
Barragan, r, Buenos Ayres, runs into the Plata.
Barragon, Bay, in the river Plata, 12 m, below
Buenos Ayres, Ships discharge their cargoes in
Lighters in the roadstead of Buenos Ayres, and
wait here for their outward cargoes,
Barrai Sciahiat, or desert of J^atron, in Egypt,
W. of the Delta, and S. of lake Mareotis, It con-
tains two lakes, Nedebe and Lebe, from which
Natron is obtained.
Barramoul, district, S,part of India, between 12°
and 14° N. Lat,
Barranca, s-p. Peru, Lat. 10° 55' S.
Barranca, v. New-Grenada, on the Madalena,
the port through which all goods are brought to
and carried from Granada; 18 m. fr. the sea.
Also the name of several inconsiderable settle-
ments.
Barraiaria, bay, Louisiana, in the gulf of Mexi-
co, west of the Balize, Lon, 90° W. In the mouth
of this bay there is an island remarkable for its
healtti, and its strength as a military position.
Both ends of the island were fortified in 181), by
the pirates under M. la Fitte. The bay affords a
safe and capacious harbor for light ships of war
and merchant vessels. In time, this may become a
place of importance, as by a late survey of the
country in its rear, it is found that there is a dis-
trict of half a million of acres of the first rate su-
gar lands,
Barraux, or Fort Barreaux, France, on the
Isere, 18 m. N. E. Grenoble. Pop. 1,320.
Barray, isl, one of the Hebrides of Scotland
Pop. 1,969.
Barre, t. France, in Lozere, 7 m. S. Florae.
Barre, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 7 ra. S. E. Mont ■
pelier ; Pop. 1,669.
Barre, p-t. Worcester co, Mass. 24 m, N. W.
Worcester; Pop. 1,971. It has good pastures, and
contributes a large quantity of beef,, butter and
cheese for the market.
Barre, t. Genesee co. N. Y, 12 m, N. Batavia,
Barre, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop. 1,053,
Barre, Point, on the W, coast of an island
between King George's island and Prince of
Wales's archipelago. Lon., 226° 32* E, Lat, 56°
25' N.
Barreiras, r, Brazil, runs into the Atlantic. Lat.
19° 45' S,
Barreme,t. France, in Lower Alps, 11 m. S.
Digne.
Barren Island, in the bay of Bengal, 18 miles in
circumference, containing a volcano 1,800 feet
above the level of the sea, which discharges col-
umns of smoke and showers of red hot stones,
some of them 3 or 4 tons weight. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Barren Island, in Bass straits, between Great
Island on the N. and Clarke's island on the S.
Lon. 148° 10' E. Lat. 40° 23' S.
Barren Isles, about 3 leagues fr. Cape Eliza-
beth, the N. E. point of Cook's inlet, Lon. 200°
33' E. Lat. 58° 56' N,
Barren, co. Ken. on the S. side of Green river.
Pop, 11,286, Slaves, 1,724. Chief t. Glasgow.
Barren, r. Ken. runs N. W, into Green river,
between Logan and Warren counties. The mouth
of Little Barren riA'er is 50 miles above.
BAR
B A S
89
Barrems, Cape, on the coast of Patagonia. Lat.
aO^^ S.
Baniga JVegra, r. S. America, in Buenos Ayres,
rises 160 miles IM. E. Monte Video, falls into lake
Meri.
Barringfnn, t. Queen's co. Nova Scotia, on the
S. side of the bay of Fundy.
Barringlon, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 20m. N. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 3,564. Alum is found here. A
branch of Agamenticus mt. passes tlirough this
town.
Barringlon, p-t. Bristol co. R. I. on Warren riv-
er, 7 m. S. E. Providence ; Pop. 604.
Barrington, Cape, the S. E. point of Santa
Cruz, or Egmont island. Lon. 164° 32' E. Lat.
10° 58' S.
Barrington, Great, p-t. and the second in rank
in Berkshire co. Mass. S. of Stockbridge, ad-
joining ; 140 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,784.
Barro, Cape, on the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 1030 35' E. Lat. 0° 6' N.
Barro, Punta de Arena, on the N. W. coast of
America, in lat. 38° 56' N. Lon. 236° 44' E.
Barroloos, nation, in the interior of S. Africa, N.
ofLatakoo.
Barrow, t. and parish Eng. Leicestershire, on
the Soar, 2 m. fr. Mountsorrel.
Barrow, n Ireland, rises in Queen's coun-
ty, and is joined by the Nore and the Suir, and
falls into the sea at Waterford bay.
Barrow, Point, a cape on the S. coast of Ire-
land, 5 m. E. Kinsalc. Lon. 8° 21' W. Lat. 51°
43' N.
Barroivford, t. Eng. Lancashire, 4 ra. fr. Cli-
theroe.
Barrifsville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C
Barsac, t. France, on the Garonne, 18 m. S. E.
Bourdeaux.
Barseh, or Bars, county of Hungary. Pop.
86,000. It contains the two mining towns, Krem-
nitz and Koenigsberg, 12 market towns, and 188
villages.
Barsdorf, v. Silesia, 2 m. S. E. Liegnitz.
Barsoe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon.
9°35'E.Lat. 5507'N.
Barston, hamlet, Eng. Warwickshire, 7 m. fr.
Kenilworth.
Bar-sur-Aube, t. France, on the Aube. 30 m.
E. by S. Troyes. Pop. 3,600.
Bar-sur-Oma/M, {ormerly Bar-le- Due, t. France
on the Ornain, in Maese. 42 m. W. of Nancy, 133
E. Paris. Pop. 10,000.
Bar-sur-Seine, t. France, in Aube. Pop. 2,270.
18 m. S. E. Troyes.
Bart, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,099.
Bartenstein, t. East Prussia, in Nalangen, on
the river AUe. 28 m. S. Konigsberg. Pop. 3,450.
Bartfeldt, t. Hungary, Sarosch co. Pop. 3,800.
Near the town are two chalybeate springs, and
two baths.
Barth, or Bardt, s-p. of the Prussian states, in
Hitli£r Pomerania, principality of Barth. Pop.
3,240. It exports corn and wool to Sweden ; it
has also several dock-yards. 12 m. N. W. Stral-
sund.
Bartha de. Nestes, La, t. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 18 m. S. E. Tarbes.
Barlholemy, r. Louisiana, falls into the Wachi-
ta from the N. E. On its banks are good lands,
which are cultivated by settlers, considerably nu-
merous.
Barthen. ^ee Barten.
Bartholomew, Cape, the S. point of Staten-Land,
in Le Maire straits, E.of Terra del Fuego.
Bariletl, p-t. Coos co. N. H. 60 m. N. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 436.
Barton, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 7 m. fr. Richmond.
Barton, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Burling-
ton bay, at Ihe west extremity of lake Ontario.
Barton, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 39 N. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 447.
Barton, r. Vt, runs N. N. E. into lake Mem-
phramagog.
Barton on Humber, t. Eng. Lincolnshire, op-
posite Hull. Pop. 2,204.
Barton on Irwell, t. Eng. Lancashire, 7 m. from
Manchester. Pop. 6,948.
Barton under Keedwood, t. Eng. Staffordshire,
4i m. fr. Burton.
Barton,''s Creek, Tennessee, runs into the Cum-
berland, 10 m. above Clarksville.
Bartrach, isl. Ireland, in the bay of Killala, at
the mouth of Moy river.
Bartran, port, on tiie S. coast of Newfound-
land.
Bartsch, r. Silesia, falls into the Oder, 7 m.
above Great Glogau.
Baru, isl. off the coast of Carthagena.
Barus. See Baros.
Baruth, t. of the Prussian states, duchy of Sax-
ony, 22 m. S. S. E, Potsdam.
Bas, or Batz, isl. France, in the English chan-
nel. Lon. 4° 1' 5" W. Lat. 48° 45' 40 " N.
Basarschick, or Bazardgik, t. Eu. Turkey, 15
m. N. W. Philippopoli.
Baschi, v. Italy, in the states of the Church, on
the Tiber, 9 m. S. W. Todi.
Basel. See Bale.
Bas- en-Basset, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 3 n).
N. W. Monistrol. Pop. 5, 1 00.
Basford, t. Eng. 3 m. N. Nottingham.
Bashan, in Sac. Geog. country, E. of the Jor-
dan and lake Tiberias, Besides villages, it con-
tained 60 fenced cities. It was famous for its cag-
tle. It is now called El-Bottin.
Basliee Islands, 5 in number, in the Chinese
sea, viz. Orange, Monmouth, Grafton, Coats, and
Bashee. Lon. 122° E. Lat. 20° 28' to 20° 55' N.
Bashilo, r. x\byssinia, separates Begamder from
Amhara, and falls into the Bahr-el-Aaergue, 30
ra. S. E. Alata.
Bashmut, district, Egypt, on the N. E. of tlie
Delta.
Basiento, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Ta-
rento.
Basilan, one of the Philippine islands, off the
S. W. extremity of Magindanao, 60 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 121° E. Lat. 5° 50' N.
Basilicata, or Matera, province io Naples, on
the Tuscan sea and gulf of Tarento, and inter-
sected by the Appennines.
Basilipotamo, r. Cyprus, runs into the sea, 15
m. E. Limasol.
Basilipotamos, the ancient Eurotas, r. Eu. Tur-
key, in the S. of the Morea, runs near the site of
ancient Sparta, and falls into the gulf of Kolo-
kytia.
Basing, Old, in Hants, 2i m. fr. Basingstoke.
Basingstoke, market t. and parish, Eng. in
Hants. It has four charitv and free schools. Pop.
2,656. 47 ra. W. London.
Basin Harbor, p-v. Addison co. Vt. in the town-
ship ol Ferrisburgh. on lake Champlain.
Basin. Minas., a larsre bodv ol" wa#or. at the F.
12
90
B A S
BAT
end of the Bay of FunJy. The lands around it
are good, watered by many rivers. Tides rise
here 40 feet.
Baskenridge, p-t. Somerset co. N. J. 7 m. S. S.
W. Morristown. Gen. Lee was taken prisoner
here, Dec. 13, 1776.
Bosnian, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lat. 25°
'34' N.
Basques, Les, or French Biscay, district, on the
bay of Biscay. It has the river Adour and the
Landes on the N. Beam on the E. and the Pyre-
nees on the S. and is now included in Lower-Py-
renees.
Basques Mer de. See Bayonne, Bay of.
BasqueviUe, t. France, in Lower Seine, 10 m.
S. W. Dieppe.
Basrode, t. Netherlands, on the Scheldt, near
Dendermonde.
Bass, a rocky islet of Scotland, in the fritli of
Forth.
Bass, r. East Greenland, runs into the sea. Lon.
50° 10' W. Lat. 64° 30' N.
Bass Straits, separate New Holland from Van
Diemen's Land, and are 50 leagues in length, and
the same in breadth. Groups of islands lie in the
straits, rendering the navigation dangerous. liOn,
147° E. Lat. 40° S.
Bassa, t. Thibet, on tlie Ganges, 46 m. N. W.
Sirinagur.
Bassa, s-p. W. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon.
7° 5' W. Lat. 4° 40' N.
Bassac, t. France, in Charente, 15 m. E. S. E.
Saintes ; another, 2i m. N. N. E. Saintes.
Bassac, mountains of Persia, between Lar and
Congo.
Bassan, t France, in Hcrault, 5 m. N. E. Be-
ziers.
Bassano, t Venetian territory, on the Brenta.
Pop. 11,500. A stone bridge, 1}J2 feet in length,
connects the town witli Vicantino. The trade is
in silk, cloth, and leather. Here is the extensive
printing-office of Remontini. 12 m. N. Vicenza.
Bassano, t. States of the Church, 3 m. W. Orta.
Bassas, or Baxas, Cape, on the E. coast of Af-
rica. Lon. 48° 10' E. Lat. 4° 55' N- ; another,
on the W. coast, near the moutli of the Rio
Sestre.
Basse, Point, on N. coast of Martini co.
Basse, Terre, chief t. of St. Christopher's, W.
Indies, at the S. E. end of the island. Lon. 62° 36'
W. Lat. 17° 24' N.
Basse Terre, Fort, on the W. coast of Guada-
loupe.
Bassee, La, t. France, in North, 5 m. N. W.
Douay. Pop. 2,200.
Basseen, s-p. on the W. coast of Hindostan, on
an island, which is separated by a narrow strait
from the island of Salsette, 27 m. N. Bombay.
Basselan. See Basilan.
Basses, or Thousand Islands, off the N. W.
Coast of New Guinea. Lon. 139° 27' E. Lat. 1°
40' S.
Bassignana, t. Upper Italy, in the Sardinian
part of Milan, near the influx of the Tanaro into
the Po, 5 m. N. Alessandria. Pop. 3,000.
Bassigny, district, France, included in Upper
Marne, Vosgcs and Maese.
Bassloiv, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. fr. Bake-
Well.
Bassora, Bussorn, or Basrah, a city of Asia, in
the gov. of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Shat-
ul-Arab, wliich is navigable hither by vessels of
500 tons burthen. It is surrounded by walls and
fortified. The houses, in general, are mean, being
constructed of clay, with a small proportion of
brick. Bassora is inhabited by Arabs, Turks,
Persians, Armenians, and some Europeans, who
reside in the factories belonging to their respect-
ive countries. The Arabs form the most nume-
rous class, and after them the Turks and Armeni-
ans. Bassora is the grand emporium for all the
Indian produce which is sent into the Turkish em-
pire. From the various ports of Hindostan, il
receives silk, muslin, linen, white and blue cloth,
gold and silver stuffs, various metals, sandal wood,
and indigo; pearls from Bahhrein, and coffee
from Mocha ; shawls, fruit, and the precious met-
als, from Persia ; spices from Java, and European
commodities from different ports. The greater
proportion of the commerce is carried on in Ara-
bian bottoms, the finest vessels navigating the In-
dian seas now belonging to the merchants of Mas-
kat. The trade with the interior is conduct-
ed by means of caravans to Aleppo and Bagdad,
whence the goods are conveyed to Constantinople-
The situation of the place is unhealthy, occasion-
ed by the inundations of the river. 'The neigh-
bouring country is greatly harassed by tribes of
predatory Arabs. It is 210 m. S. Ispahan, 1,815
S. E. Constantinople. Lon. 44° 46' E. Lat. 30=
32' N. Pop. between 50 and 60,000.
Bassoues, t. France, in Gers, 8 m. N. W. Mi-
rande.
Basfah. See Bislibesh.
Bastala, isl. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 103° 23' S. Lat. 0° 30' N.
Baslan, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed in
be the ancient Bithynium, 30 m. S. W. Amarsh.
Bastard, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Bastia, t. Corsica, in the N. E. part of the isl-
and. It is defended by a strong citadel, and has a
safe and spacious harbor. Pop. 1 1,500. 58 m. N.
E. Ajaccio.
Bastia, s-p. Turkey, on the coast of Albania,
opijosite Corfu. Lon. 20° 12' E. Lat. 39° 42' N.
Bastia, t. Italy, 7 m. N. Modena ; another, in
the States of the Church, duchy of Spoleto.
Bastide, La, t. France, in Lot, 10 m. S. E
Gourdon.
Bastide de Clerence, La, t. France, in Lower-
Pyrenees, 6 m. E. S. E. Bayonne. Pop. 2,000.
Bastide des Feuillans, La, v. France, in Upper-
Garonne, 18 m. S. W. Toulouse.
Bastide Keuve, La, t. France, in Upper Alps-
13 m. W. Embrun.
Bastiglia, t Italy, on the Panaro, below Mo-
dena.
Bastilica, t Corsica, 15 m. E. S. E. Ajaccio.
Busiimentos, islands near the isthmus of Darien,
at the mouth of the bay Nombre de Dios. Lon.
79°40' W. Lat. 9=32' N.
Bastogne, or Bastenac, t. Netherlands, in the
grand duchy of Luxemburg, 22 m. N. W. Lux-
emburg.
Batacarang, Point, a cape on the N. E. coast
of Sumatra. Lon. 104° 55' E. Lat. 1° 59' S.
Batacola, or Batticaloe, an island 3J miles in
circuit, in an arm of the sea, which penetrates
the east coast of Ceylon. Here is a fort, and a
small village of Hindoos and Mahometans. The
Wesleyan Methodists have a Missionary here. A
bar at the mouth of the estuary obstructs the ac-
cess of vessels exceeding 70 tons burthen. Lon.
81° 53' E. Lat. 7° 45' N.
BAT
^ Baiacole. See Batcale, iv^t*y.'!l
Bala/ha, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 6 ni. S'. S.
W. Leiria.
Batalin^ isl. off the E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123° 54' E. Lat. 1° 21' S.
Batang, isl. off the S. E. coast of Malacca.
Balaiia, city, near the mouth of a small river,
on the N. coast of the island of Java, the capital
of all the Dutch, or, as they are now termed, the
Netherland Indies. It was formerly styled, the
Queen of the East, but now retains very little of
its ancient splendor. From its westerly situation,
and easy access, ifis the best and most convenient
port in the island. In point of security, however,
and conveniency for the landing and shipping of
goods, it bears no comparison to the fine harbor of
Surabia. There is a broad flat mud bar at the
mouth of the river, which is a source of great
commercial expence and inconvenience. Bata-
via is well known in Europe by its fatal climate.
The disease, which chiefly proves mortal, is a fe-
ver generated in the putrid mud banks and stag-
nant canals which are within two miles of the
shore, and is strictly confined to that limit. A
stranger who sleeps for six or eight days succes-
sively in the town, may certainly reckon on catch-
ing the fever, and it is more than an equal chance
that he fa,lls a victim to tliis terrible malady. The
rest of the island is even eminent among tropical
countries for its salubrity. I'he population was
formerly 160,000, but is now reduced to 47,217, of
which 2,028 are Europeans and their descendants,
and the rest, Chinese, Javanese, Malays, other
orientals, and slaves. Batavia surrendered to
the British in 1811, and was restored in 1816. The
English Baptists have employed a Missionary in
this city since 1813. Lon. 106° 51' E. Lat. 6°
ID'S.
Batavia, p-t. and cap. Genesee co. N. Y. 40 m.
E. Buffalo, 48 W. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,645. The
village is a busy, thriving place, with two houses
for religious worship, Ifor Presbyterians, and 1 for
Episcopalians ; a court-house, a state-arsenal, and
about 60 dwelling-houses.
Batavia, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Wil-
liamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 200.
Batcale, or Bntacole, s-p. Hind, on the coast of
Malabar, 20 m. N. Barcelore.
Balchia/i. See Bacliian
Bate, or Bhatla Isle, Kind, at the S. W. extrem-
ity of tlie gulf of Cutch. Lon. 69° 21' E. Lat.
22° 22' N.
Batcah, t. Mexico, in Yucatan, 190 m. S. S. W.
Merida.
Bath, cit3', England, in Somerset, bounded N.
W. and S. by hills of considerable elevation, and
intersected by the river Avon. This city is cele-
brated for its medicinal waters, and for its various
iources of amusement, and is equally the resort of
valetudinarians and the votaries of pleasure.
There are places of worship for the members of
the Established Ciiurch, Methodists, Independ-
ents, Baptists, Moraviatis, Roman Catholics, Uni-
tarians, and Quakers. The cathedral is the last
and purest specimen of ecclesiastical Gothic ar-
chitecture in England. The benevolent institu-
tions of Bath are very numerous : of these, the
chief is the general hospital, opened in 1742, for
the reception of the sick poor from every part of
the kingdom. The hot springs to which Bath
principally owes her celebrity, were resorted to
in the time of the Romans, and many splendid
:r35raents of Roman architecture are still pre-
BAT
^i
served. There are 4 public baths. King's and
Queen's bath, the Cross bath, and the Hot bath.
The temperature of the difl'erent springs varies
from 93° to 117<= of Fahrenheit. The disorders
particularly benefitted by the Bath waters are
obstructions of the viscera, palsies, gout, rheuma-
tism, jaundice, &Lc. The streets and houses of
modern Bath are of very superior construction.
The Queen's Square, Circus, Crescents, and Pa-
rades, are particularly admired, and, being built
with a fine freestone, Bath is one of the most ele-
gant cities of Europe. It is in lat. 51° 42 32' N
and in lon. 2° 21' 30" W. 107 m. fr. London, 67
fr. Oxford, 41 fr. Gloucester, 39 fr. Salisbury, and
12 fr. Bristol. Pop. 38,434.
Bath, t. Hungary, county of Grosshout, 6 m.
N. E. Levens.
Bath, p-t. and port of entry, Lincoln co. Maine,
on the W. side of the Kennebec, 16 miles from the
sea, at the head of winter navigation, 14 m. S. W.
Wiscasset, 34 N. E. Portland, 153 N. E- Boston.
Lon. 69° 49' W. Lat. 43° 55' N. Pop. in 1810,
2,491. It is a flourishing townj and contains 2
banks, ah academy, and 3 houses for public wor-
ship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists.
The amount of shipping in 1815, was 20,628 tons-
Bath, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river, 67 m. N. N. W. Concord, 35 N. E. by N.
Dartmouth College. Pop. 545.
Bath, p-t. and cap. Steuben co. N. Y. on Cohoc-
ton creek, a branch of the Tioga, 59 m. S. W.
Geneva, 18 N. W. Painted Post, 245 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,036.
Bath, V. on the E. bank of tlie Hudson, opposite
Albany, N. Y. It has mineral springs of some
value.
Bath, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Bath, CO. Va. on the Jackson, a source of James
river, in the Alleghany mountains, 50 m. W. S. W.
Staunton, 227 fr. Washington. It has 2 Hot-
Springs. The basin of one is 30 feet diameter,
and the water at the temperature of 96<^. The
othej', 6 miles distant, is smaller, and of the tem-
perature of 112'^, and more efficacious. The
springs are resorted to chiefly in July and Au-
gust, for the relief of rheumatism, and other com-
plaints. Pop. 4,837.
Bath, t. Berkley co. Va. 104 m. N. W. Wash-
mglon. Here are the Berkley Springs, which
see.
Bath, p-t. Beaufort co. N. C. 61 m, S. E. Eden-
ton, on the N. side of Tar river, 24 m. above Pam-
lico Sound. Lat. 35° 31' N.
Bath, t. Green co. Ohio.
Bath, p-t. Franklin co. Indiana.
Bathgate, t. Scotland, 18 m. W. Edinburgh,
Pop. 2,919.
Bathoum, r. Asia, anciently called Bathys, rises
in the mountains of Armenia, and falls into the
Black sea. Lon. 41° 20' E. Lat. 41° 35' N.
Bathousni, t. at the mouth of the river Ba- ^
thoum, 26 m. S. Buti.
Bathurst, a Bi-itish settlement in West Africa,
formed within a few years, on the island of St.
Mai-y's, at the mouth of the Gambia, between
13° and 14° N. lat. The object of the settle-
ment is to introduce a regular trade into the
Gambia, in lieu of the slave trade ; and thus far it
has been remarkably prospci-ous. In 1819, the
settlement contained more than 1,000 souls, be-
sides the garrison ; and the duties on wax, ivory,
gum, gold, and hides, exported to Great Britain,
during the same year, amounted to more than
92
B A V
B A U
11,000/. sterling. In point of commercial impor
tance, Bathurst bids Ibir to become the first
British establishment in W. Africa.
Balicola. See Butacola.
Batiscan, r. Lower Canada, falls into the St.
LaAvrence, about 15 miles N. E. Three-Rivers.
Batiscan, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Ba-
tiscan river.
Batley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. from Wake-
field. Pop. 2,975.
Batneer, t. Hind, in Delhi, Lon. 74° 45' E. Lat.
29° 28' N.
Batonn. See Bathovm.
Baton Rouge, p-t. and cap.- East-Baton Rouge
parish, Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi,
15 miles above the Ibberville, 140 above New-Or-
leans. I'op. 300. Here commences the high
ground on the banks of the Mississippi, as you as-
cend from its mouth. It is only 25 or 30 feet
above its highest floods.
Batsen, or Bacs, a county of Hungary, boun-
ded E. by the Theyss, and W. by the Danube.
Batsch, or Bacs,t. Hungary, capital of Batsea,
20 m. N. E. Funf kirchen, and 75 S. Buda. Lon.
19° 10' E. Lat. 46° 18' N.
Batta, a country on the W. coast of Sumatra.
Batta Islands, 30 leagues N. of Luzon.
Battaglia, t. Italy, 9 m. S. Padua.
Battalah, t. Hind, in Lahore, 24 m. from Am-
retsir. Lon. 75° 3' E. Lat. 31° 34' N.
Battam, isl. near the coast of Malacca. Lon. 104°
E. Lat. 1° N.
BaltecoUah, t. Hind, on the sea coast of North
Canara. Lon. 74° 37' E. Lat. 13° 56' N.
Batiee, or Bhatly, district, Hind. 150 miles in
length and 100 in breadth, which comprehends
parts of the provinces of Delhi, Lahore, and Aj-
Bieer. The capital is Batneer.
Battel, t. Eng. in Sussex, anciently called Ej)-
ilon. 6 m. N. Hastings, 56 S. London.
Baitelma, t. Syria, 5 m. S. W. Antioch.
Battersea, v. Eng, on the Thames, opposite
Chelsea, 4 m. W. London.
Batticalbe. See Batacola.
Batticofta, t. Ceylon, in the northern part of
the island, 6 m. N. W. Jaffna. Lon. 80° 15' E.
Lat. 9° 45' It. It is one of the stations of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions. See Ceylon.
Batlletoivn, p-v. Frederick co. Va. 58 m. W. N.
W. Washington.
Baturin, t. Rufsia, in the Ukraine, on the river
Sem, 80 m. E. S. E. Czemigov.
Batygory, t. Russia, in Kiev.
Bacaria, the Circle of, formed one of the great
divisions of Germany, according to the former
constitution of the empire, and was bounded E. by
Austria, W. by Suabia, N. by Franconia and Bo-
hemia, and S. by Tyrol. It comprised 16,588
square miles, with 1,300,000 inhabitants.
Bavaria, kingdom of, one of the most considera-
ble of the secondary states of Eui'ope. It is boun-
ded E. and S. by the Austrian dominions ; W. by
Wirtemberg and Baden, and N. by several small
German States. It is divided into the 8 following
circles :
Circles. Chief towns.
The Iser. Munich.
The Lower Danube. Passau.
The Regen. Ratisbon.
The Upper Danute. Augsburg.
The R^zat. Anspach.
The Upper Main. BayreutiJ.
The Lower Main. Wurtzburg
The Rhine. Speyer.
Bavaria contains at present 32,000 square miles,
and 3,560,000 inhabitants. It has risen gradually
to its present rank among the nations of Europe.
In 1801 it contained only 22,000 square miles, and
2,302,000 inhabitants ; but during the prosperity
of Bonaparte, Bavaria generally sided with France
in her wars with other European powers ; and was
paid for her attachment, by exte nsive territorial
aggrandisements, made chiefly at the expense of
Austria. In 1813, after the defeats of Bonaparte,
the king changed his line of policy, and concluded
a secret treaty with the allied powers, in which he
engaged to furnish a certain number of troops in
support of the common cause, and received in re-
turn a pledge that the integrity of his territories
should be respected. The form of government ia
Bavaria is an unlimited monarchy. The succes-
sion to the crown is hereditary in the male line,
but when it is extinct in all its branches, the su-
preme power may be vested in a female. The
revenue is estimated at about 2,600,000 /. Bava-
ria has long been burdened with a public debt,
which was not a little increased by the assump-
tion of the debts of her newly acquired dominions.
The army, amounts to between 40,000 and
50,000 men. The prevailing religion in Bavaria
is the Roman Catholic, but Protestants enjoy the
unrestrained exercise of their worship, and are
eligible to civil and military offices. The number
of monastic institutions in this part of Germany
was formerly very great, but they have almost all
been suppressed by the present government. Ed'-
ucation has of late years been widely diffused
through the Bavarian states. In the new consti-
tution of Germany, as framed by the 53d and fol-
lowing acts of the congress of Vienna, this state
has ojie vote in the federative diet, and four in
the general assembly.
Bavaria, Lake of between Lower Bavaria and
the circle of Prachin, in Bohemia.
Bavy, t. France, in North, 8 m. N. E. Ques-
no)'.
Bavd, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 6,200. 1.8
m. N. W, Vannes.
Baverd. See Miverd.
Bauerwilz, t. Prussian states, in Silesia, 10 m.
N. W. Ratisbon.
Bauge la Villc, t. France, in Main-and-Loirc,
10 m. S. La P'leche.
Bauge le Cliatel, t. France, in Ain, 4 m. E. Ma-
con.
Baughnan, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Wooster. Pop.Jn 1819, 460.
Bavgnan, t. iiflngal, on the Dummooda river.
Lon. 88° E. Lat. ^2° 30' N.
Battman^s Islands, in the S. Pacific. Lon. 173°
W. Lat. 12° S.
Baume les JVones, t. France, on the Doubs, 16
m. N. E. Besancon.
Baumgarten, Upper and Lower, v. Prussian
states, in Silesia, circle of Balkerhaun.
Baumholdcr, t. Prnssian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 25 m. N. Deux-Ponts.
Baunach, t. Bavaria, at the influx of Baunach
river into the Maine, 7 m. N. Bamberg.
Bauske, t. Russia, in Courland, 18 m. S. Mittau,
Lon. 23° 30' E. Lat. 56° 26' N.
Bausset, t. France, in Var, 18 m. E. S. E. Mar-
seilles.
BAY
B E A
93
Baufsch, or Budissoiv, t. Mpravia, 20 01. N. E.
Olmutz.
Bautzen, or Budessin, t. in the kingdom of Sax-
ony, capital of Upper Lusatia, on the Spree. It
has a strong castle called Ortenburg. Near this
place was fought, in June, 1813, a bloody battle
between the French and the allies, in which the
latter were worsted. 30 m. E. N. E. Dresden,
76 E. Leipzig. Lon. 14° 27' E. Lat. 51° 10' N.
Pop. 11,350.
Beaux, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
1 5 m. E. N. E. Aries. Fop. 3,300.
Bnivder, r, Eng. runs into the Tees.
Bawdsay, t. Eng. in Suffolk, at the mouth of the
Deben, 5 m. N. E. Harwich.
Bautry, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. S. Doncas-
ter.
Baxuda, t. Buenos Ayres, on the Parana, oppo-
site Santa Fe.
Barns, Cape, on the S. coast of Africa. Lon,
23° 0' E. Lat. 34° S.
Buy of Islands, in the straits of Magellan ; an-
other on the W. coast of king George Ill's archi-
pelago. Lon. ■224° 29' E. Lat. 57^ 21' N. ; anoth-
er on the W. coast of Newfoundland, 10 m. S.
Cape Gregory ; another on the E. coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 135° 38' W. Lat. 35° 18' S.
Jiay Point, cape on the N. W. coast of New
Zealand.
Bayamo, t. on the S. coast of Cuba, 520 m. E. S.
E. Havannah. Lon. 76° 55' W. Lat. 20° 46' N.
Bayazid, or Bajazid, a fortified city of Turkish
Armenia, 50 m. S. S. W. Erivan, 140 E. Er-
zerum. Lon. 43° 4.5' E. Lat. 39° 24' N. Pop. .
30,000.
Bayerescheri. See Bavaria, Lake of.
Bayersdorf, t. Bavaria in the circle of the Re-
isat, 12 m. N. Nuremberg.
Bayeux, t. France, on the Aure, in Calvados.
It is the see of a bishop. 4 m. from the English
channel, 15 W. Caen, 80 W. Rouen, 145 VV.
N. W. Paris. Lon. 0° 41' 56" W. Lat. 49° 16' 34"
N. Pop. 10,600.
Bayham, i. Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Erie.
IJnykul, t. Hind, 25 m. S. Mangalore.
Bayla, or Bela, t. Persia, in Mekran, containing
above 2000 houses. 293 m. N. Kelat. Lon. 66°
40° E. Lat. 26° 10' N.
Bayladores, t. NewCrrenada, 35 m. S. S. W. Me-
rida.
Baylan. See Bailan.
Baylesbury, p-v. Southampton co. Va. about
70 m. S. Richmond.
Bayon, t. France, on the Moselle, 15 m. S. Nan-
<-y.
Bayonna, t. Spain, in Galicia, on a bay of the
Atlantic, 9 m. S. W. Vigo.
Bayonna Isles, 2 islands in France, 6 m. N. N.
W. Bayonne, called by the ancients, tlic Isles of
the Gods.
Bayonne, s-p. France, in Lower Pyrenees, at
the conflux of the Nive and Adour, 2 miles from
the bay of Biscay. The Niv£ and Adour, the
former of which is navigable for 18 miles, and the
latter for 50, form a commodious harbour, and
serve to convey timber, tar, and iron, from the
Pyrenean mountains to Bayonne. A citadel, con-
structed by Vauban, on the top of an eminence in
the suburb, commands both the harbour and the
town. French and foreign goods go from Bay-
onne into Spain, in exchange for wood, iron, fruit,
gold and gilver. Masts and other wood foe ship
building, brought from the P}Tenees, are exported
to Brest and other ports in P^rance, and wines and
chocolate in great quantities to the north of Eu-
rope. The military weapon, called the bayonet,
takes its name from this city, where it was inven-
ted in the I7th century. The language of the
common people here is the ancient Biscayan. 44
m. W. N. W. Pau, 518 S. S. W. Paris. Lon.
\° 24' VV. Lat. 43° 29' N. Pop. 12,600.
Bayonne, r. Lower Canada, falls into the St.
Lawrence from the nortli, nearly opposite the
mouth of Richelieu river.
Bayon pierre, r. Missisippi, runs into Missisip-
pi river, 40 m. above Natchez.
Baypour. See Beypoor.
Bayreuth, or Bareith, formerly a principality of
Germany, in Franconia, now included in the cir-
cles of the Lower Maine and the Ptezat, in the
kingdom of Bavaria.
Bayreuth, t. Bavaria, cap. of the circle of the
Lower Maine, 164 m. N. Ratisbon, and 48 N. N.
E. Augsburg. Lon, 11° 17' E. Lat. 49° 54' N.
Pop. 8,924.
Bayro, v. Brazil, 5 m. N. St. Sebastian.
Bays^ 1. France, iu Mayenne, 6 m. N. Evron,
Pop. 2,100.
Bays, t. France, in Ardeche, 10 m. N. E. Vi-
viers.
Baza, or Basnh, t, Spain, in Granada, 20 m.
N. E. Guadix. 'Pop. 7,000.
Bazas, t. France, in Gironde, 30 ra. S.E. Bour-
deaux. Pop. 4,540.
Bazer. See Bahar.
Bagetta, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. 5 m. N. W.
W^arren.
Baziege, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, 12 m. S.
E. Toulouse.
Beachgrove, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa.
Beachy Head, promontory, Eng. Lon. 0^
15' E. Lat. 50° 44' N.
Beaconsjietd, t. Eng. Buckingham co. 23 m. W.
N. W. London.
Beale, r. Ireland, runs into the Shannon ; an-
other, flows into the Medway.
Bealnabrach, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Cor-
rib.
Bealshunj, t. Harden co. Ken. on the E. bank
of RoUingfork, 15 ra. W. S. W. Bairdstown, 50 S.
W. Frankfort.
BeaWu See Buillh.
Beaminster, t. Eng. Dorsetshire, 6 m. from Brid-
port. Pop. 2,290.
Beane, r. Eng. runs into the Lea, between Hert-
ford and Ware.
Beanos creek, p-v. Franklin co. Ten.
Bean's station, p-v. Granger co. Ten.
Bear Bay, on the S. coast of Newfoundland.
Bear creek. Ken. runs into Green river in Ohio
county.
Bear creek, Alabama, runs N. 45 miles and falls
into the Tennessee. The boundary-line between
Alabama and Mississippi strikes the 'I'ennessee at
its mouth.
Bearjield, 1. Perry co. Ohio, 10 ra. S. W. Som-
erset.
^c«r-^a;), p-v. Northumberland CO. Pa.
Bear-grass, creek, Ken. runs into the Ohio at
Louisville.
Bear Haven. See Bantry Bay.
Bear Lake, Great, North America, near tlie
Arctic circle.
Bear Lake, Wliite, in lat. 48° 15' N. the head
water of t)ie Mississippi.
94
B E A
Bear, North., a. small island, in St. James' bay,
Lon. 81° 20' W. Lat. 54° 35' N.
Bear Sound, on the W. coast of West Green-
land. . Lon. 49° W. Lat. 63° 2(y N.
Bear, South, a small island in St. James's bay.
Lon. 81° 20' W. Lat. 54° 30' N.
Beard'' s creek, Geo. runs into the Alatamaha, in
Liberty county.
Beard's mill, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
Beam, province, France, now included in Low-
er Pyrenees.
Beailie' sford, p-v. Lincoln co. N.C.
Beaucaire, t. France, in Gard, on the right bank
of the Rhone, opposite Tarascon, with which it is
connected by a bridge of boats. It is chiefly re-
markable for a great annual fair held in J uly,
which was formerly attended by merchants and
manufacturers from most countries in Europe,
fi'om the Levant, and sometimes even from Per-
sia and Armenia. The average sales do not at
present exceed 300,000/. sterhng. The trade pecu-
liar to the town consists in silk, wine, oil, almonds,
spices, drugs, leather, wool, cotton, &:c. Pop. 8,000.
6 m. N. Aries, 12 E. Nismes, 12 S. W. Avig-
non. Lon. 4° 43' E. Lat. 43° 48' N.
Beauce, formerly a district of France, now in-
cluded in the department of Jthe Eure and Loire.
Beauclerc, Port, in an island on the N. W. coast
of America. Lon, 226° 23' E. Lat. 56° IT N.
Bearer, co. Pa. on the Alleghany river. Chief
LBeaverton. Pop. 12,168.
Beaver, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 236.
Bearer, t. Northumberland co. Pa. 30 m. N. W.
Harrisburg. Pop. 1,502.
Beaver, t. Pike co. Ohio, 5 m. S. E. Piketon.
Beaver, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Beaver, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 14 m. S. E. Cam-
bridge.
Beaverdam, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Beaver creek, t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Beaver creek, N. Y. runs 35 m. S. E. and falls
into Popacton river, a branch of the Delaware.
Beaver-dam, creek, Geo. runs S. E. and falls in-
to Briar Creek, amile below Jacksonboro'.
Beaver islands, Lake Michigan, 40 m. S. W.
Mackinaw.
Beaver'* s dam, p-v. Qeen-Anne co. Md.
Beavertown, p-t. and cap. Beaver co. Pa. at the
junction of Bigbeaver river with the Ohio, 30 m.
below Pittsburg. Pop. 426. It contains a court-
house and jail, a bank, an academy, and various
manufactories. In its fieighbourhood is an iron
mine.
Beavertovm, p-t. Union co. Pa.
Beaver-dam, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C.
Beaufort, t. Savoy, 30 m. E. N. E. Chamberry.
Beaufort, co. N. C. on Pamlico Sound, at the
mouth of Tar river. Clxief t. Washington. Pop.
7,203. Slaves 2,568.
Beaufort, s-p. and cap. Carteret co. N. C. on
Core Sound, 27 m. from Cape Look-out, 45 S.
Newbern. Lat. 34° 42' N. Pop. about 500. Ship-
ping in 1815, 1,537 tons. Beaufort Metis under
the lee-shore of Cape Look-out. The deptli of
water on the bar is 14 feet. Within the bar is a
fcafe and spacious harbour. It is proposed to make
this inlet the channel of trade for all the rivers of
N. Carolina north of Cape Fear ; and for this pur-
pose to connect it by canals with the Neuse, the
Tar, and the Roanoke.
Beaufort, district, S. C. on the sea-coast, be-
tween Savannah and Combaree rivers. Chief
B E A
lowtt:^, Beautort and Coosaliatchie. Pop. 2o,8yT.
Slaves 20,914.
Beaufort, 9-Tp. and p-t. Beaufort district, S. C
on Port-royal Island, at the mouth of the Coosa-
hatchie, 73 m. S. Charleston, 60 N. Savannah.
Pop. about 1,000. Shipping in 1815, 1,537 tons.
Its harbour is deep and large, and was once a sta-
tion of the British fleet. Here is a chartered
college, with funds of 60 or 70,000 dollars, and a
handsome edifice, and schools for the preparatory
studies ; but it is not provided with instructors in
the studies of acoUegial course, and does not con-
fer degrees. The public library contains 700 vol-
umes.
Beaufort en Vallee, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 15 m. E. Angers. Pop. 6,000.
Bcaugencif, t. France, in Loiret, 15 m. S. W.
Orleans. Pop. 4,900.
Beaugeu, t. France, on the Aiere, in Rhone,
27 m. N. N. W. Lyons.
Beauharnois, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. S.
W. Montreal.
Beaujeu, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on the river Sorel, 28 m. S. Montreal.
Beauley,r. Scotland, flows into the Murray
frith, at the village of Beauley, 10 m. W. Inver-
ness.
Beaulieu, r. Eng. flows into tlie English chan-
nel.
Beaulieu, t. France, in Correze, 18 m.S. Tulle ;
another on the Indre, opposite Loches ; another on
the Loire, 5 m . S. Briare.
Beaumarchais, t. France, in Gers, 19 m. W. S.
W. Auch.
Beaumaris, s-p. and borough, Wales, island of
Anglesey, on a bay formed by the Menai strait. 28
m. E. S. E. Holyhead. Lon. 4° 15' W. Lat. £3.°
14' N. Pop. 1,510.
Beaumes,r. France, in Vaucluse, 15 m. N.E.
Avignon.
Beaumont, t. Netherlands, 8 m. E. Maubeuge.
Beaumont, t. France, in Vienne, 8 m. N. N. E.
Poitiers ; another in Perigor, 28 m. S. Perigeux ;
one in Puy-de-dome, 2^ m. S. Clermont-Ferrand;
one in Seine-and-Marne, 20m.S.Fontainbleau ; one
in Indre-and-Loire, 4 m. W. N. W. Chinon; one
in Calvados, 20 m. E. N. E. Caen ; one in Vau-
cluse, 14 m. N. E. Aix ; one in Drome, 5 m. S. E.
Valence ; one in La Manche, 8 m. W. N. W.
Cherbourg.
Beaumont, seigniory, Hartford co. Lower Cana-
da, on S. side of the St. Lawrence, 11 m. E. Que-
bec.
Beaumont en Argonne, t. France, in Ardennes,
20 m. S. E. Mezieres.
Beaumont de Lomagne, t. France, in Tarne-and
Garonne, 28 m. N. W. Toulouse.
Beaumont sur Oise, t. France, 20 m. N. Paris.
Beaumont le Roger, t. France, in Eure, 28 m.
S. Rouen.
Beaumont le Vicomle, t. France, in Sarthe, Vi
m. S. Alencon. Poj). 2,400.
Beaune, or Beaulne, t. France, in Cote d'Or.
20 m. S. S. W. Dijon. Pop. 10,114.
Beaune, t. France, 25 m. N. W. Orleans. Pop.
2,060.
Beauport, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Cana-
da, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, at the con-
fluence of Montmorenci river ; 3 m. N. by E.
Quebec. The village has a catholic church and
about 60 houses. •
BED
BEE
95
Beavpreau, t. France, in Maine-and-Loirc, 25
m. S. \V . Angers.
Bmupuy de Graniaque^ t. France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 3 m. E. N. E. Toulouse.
Beauregard VEveque, t. France, in Puy-de
Dome. 9 m. E. Clermont-Ferrand.
Btaurieux, t. France, in Aisne, 16 m. E. Sois-
sons.
Beaurivage, r. Lower Canada, falls into the
Chaudiere, about 4miles before its confluence with
the St. Lawrence.
Beanssault, t. France, in Lower Seine, 5 m. S.
Neufchatel.
Bcausse. See Beauce.
Beausset, t. France, in Var; 7 m. N. W. Toulon.
Beauvnis, t. France, cap. of Oise, on the The-
rin. It was besieged by the English without suc-
cess, in 1443, and by duke Charles of Burgundy,
with a similar result, in 1472, though at the head
of 80,000 men. 17 m. N. N. W. Paris. Lon. 2°
19' E. Lat. 49° 25' N. Pop. 12,800.
Beauville, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 10
m. N. Valence. Pop. 1,800.
Beauvoir stir Mer, t. France, in La Vendee, 7
m. N. W. Chalons. Pop. 1,900.
Bebre, r. France, falls into the Loire, opposite
Bourbon-Lancy.
Bee, Lc, t. France, in Eure, 16 m. S. W. Rouen.
Bee de Marsoin, peninsula on the N. coast of St.
Domingo. Lon. 74° 27' W. Lat. 18° 36' N.
Becaneour, r. Lower Canada, runs into the St.
Lawrence, about 7 m. below Three Rivers, on
the opposite bank. It gives name to a seigniory.
Beccles, t. Eng. Suffolk co. on the Waveney,
which is navigable hither from Yarmouth, 15
miles. Pop. 2,979.
Bechin, t. Bohemia, on the Luschnitz, 50 m. S.
of Prague. Lon. 14° 19' E. Lat. 49° 20' N.
Becken, t. of the Prussian states, in Westi>halia,
on the VVers, between Lippstadtand Munster.
Becket, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. S. E.
Lenox.
Beclchamsville, p-t. Chester co. S. C. on the Wa-
teree, 30 m. N. W. Camden.
Beckington, t, Eng. Somersetshire, 2 m, S. E,
Frome,
BeckmansviUe, p-v. Schoharie co. N. Y.
Becur, Cape, on the coast of Egypt, 12 m. N. N.
E. Alexandria.
Bcdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. fr. Richmond.
Bedakshan. See Badaicshan.
Bedanore. See Bednore.
Bedar, v. Palestine, 2 m. fr. Acre.
Bedarides, t. France, in Vaucluse, 5 m. N. Avig-
non.
Bedarrieux, t. France, in Herault, 33 m. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 3,340.
Beddington, t. Washington co. Maine, 35 m. N.
W. Machias.
Bedford, county Eng. hounded N. and N. W.
by Northamptonshire, E. by Huntingdon, Cam-
bridge, and Hertford, and W. by the counties of
Buckingham and Northampton. It contains about
430 square miles. The manufactures are plaiting
of straw and making tliread-lace, in which nearly
three-fourtlis of the female population are em-
ployed. Pop. 70,213. Families 14,927 ; of whom
9,431 were engaged in agriculture, and 4,155 in
manufactures.
Bedford, t. Eng. and capital of Bedfordshire is
on both sides of the Ouse, 22 m. S. E. Northamp-
ton, 50 N. of London. Lon. 0° 27' W. Lat. 52°
8'N. It contaics five churches : three on the N.
and two on the S. side of the river ; a house of in-
dustry, a county infirmary, a county jail, and an
asylum for lunatics. Bedford is a borough and
corporation by prescription, and has sent two
members to parliament since the year 1295.
Bedford, t. Eng. Lancashire, 7 m. fr. Newton.
Bedford, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada.
Bedford, county. Lower Canada, on the E. side
of Richelieu river, and bordering on Vermont.
Bedford, p-t, Hillsborough co. New-Hampshire,
on the west side of the Merrimac, 19 m. below
Concord.
Bedford, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. N. W.-
Boston ; Pop. 592.
Bedford, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 40 m. N. by
E. New-York. Pop. 2,374. Here is an Acade-
my. The courts are held alternately here and at
White Plains.
Bedford, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland ; Pop.
15,746. Chief t. Bedford.
Bedford, p-t. and cap. Bedford co. Pa. 100 m.
E. S. E. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia ; Pop.
1,342. It is regularly laid out on a branch of the
Juniatta.
Bedford, co. Va. on the S. side of James river.
Chief t. Liberty. Pop. 16,148. Slaves. 6,147.
Bedford, t. Richmond co. Geo. on Savannah riv-
er, 4 m. above Augusta.
Bedford, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop. 8,282. Slaves, 1,180. Chief t. Shelbj-ville.
Bedford, t. Lincoln co. Missouri.
Bedford, Cape, N. E. extremity of New-Holland*
Lon. 214^^ 43' W. Lat. 15° 16' S.
Bedis de Gomera. See Gomera.
Bedminster, t. Somerset co. N. J. 20 m. N. W,
New-Brunswick; Pop. 1,312.
Bedminster, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,199.
Bednal. See Bethnal Green.
Bednore, or Biddanore, district Hind, in the N,
W. extremity of the territories of Mysore, on the
summit of the western Ghauts.
Bednore, t. Hind, capital of the tlistrict of Bed-
nore, 187 m. N. W. Seringapatam, 330 S. S. E,
Bombay. Lon. 74° 48' E Lat. 13° 47' N. It was
formerly a wealthy and magnificent city con-
taining 20,000 houses, but is now reduced. At
the period of its capture by Hyder Ali, the plun-
der gained from it was computed at 12 millions
sterling. That sovereign changed its name to Hy-
dernagur. Lon. 75° 6' E. Lat. 13° 48' N.
Bedouins, wandering Arabs who inhabit the
desert. Many tribes are notorious robbers, so
that it is dangerous to pass through any territorj-
occupied by them. They are dispersed in great
numbers throughout Asia and Africa.
Bedr Hunein, v. Arabia, in Hedsjas, between
Mecca and Medina.
Bedus Indians, N. America, 320 in number on
Trinity river.
Bedwin, Great, t. Eng. Wiltshire, 6 m. W,
Hungerford.
Beekman, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 13 m. E. Pough-
keepsie. Pop. 3,934. It contains 4 meeting-
houses of the Friends, 1 of the Dutch Reformed
and 1 of the Baptist societies.
Beclen's ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Beelike, or Beelich, t. of the Prussian states, in
W^estphalia, 12 m. E. N. E. Arensberg.
Beer, in Sac. Geog. city, 12 m. N. Jerusalem
also, the name of an encampment of the Israelites
in the Wilderness.
• Beer, Beerjick, Bir, or Biradschik, t. Asiatic
Turkey, on the left bank of the Euphrates. It is
m
B E J
a thoroughfare from Aleppo to Orfa, Diarbekir,
and Persia. Formerly considerable trade was
carried on to Bagdad by means of vessels de-
scending the river. 67 m. fr. Orfa, 115 S. W.
Diarbekir, and 60 N. E. of Aleppo. Lon. 38° 6'
E. Lat. 36° 48' N.
Beer, or Bere Regis, t. Eng. Dorsetshire, 9 m.
ic. Blandford.
Beer-elm, in Sac. Geog. a place in Moab.
Jieer Emir, t, Palestine, 3 m. S. Nazareth.
Beeralston. See Berealston.
Beering''sBay,on the W. coast of N. America,
Lon. 221° E. Lat. 59° 18' N. It was formerly
called Admiralty bay.
Bcering''s Island, an unhihabited island in the
N. Pacific ocean, 104 miles long, by 15 broad.
Lon, 167° E. Lat. 55° N.
Beering''s Straits, the narrow sea between the
W. coast of N. America and the E. coast of Asia.
In the narrowest part in Lat. 66° they are 39
miles wide.
Beer-la-hai-roi, in Sac. Geog. a well, in the
Wilderness, between Palestine and Egypt.
Beeroth, in Sac. Geog. city of Benjamin, be-
tween Jerusalem and Shechem.
Beerskeba, in Sac. Geog. city, 20 m. S. W. He-
bron, 42 fr. Jerusalem, on the S border of Pales-
tine. Hence die phrase, ' all Israel from Dan to
Beer-sheba.'
Beeskow, t. in the Prussian states, on the Spree,
16 m. S. W. Frankfort on the Oder, and 40 E. S.
E. Berlin.
Beeston, t. Eng. Cheshire, 7 m. W. Nantwich.
" Befort, county of France, now included in the
department of the Upper Rhine. The town of
Befort lies at the foot of the Vosges, where 6 high
roads meet : 2 from Switzerland, 2 from Paris, one
i'rom Lorraine, and one from Strasburg. Pop.
5,000. 35 m. S. W. Colmar, 70 S. W. Strasburg.
Lon. 6° 57' E. Lat. 47° 38' N.
Begenxder, province, Abyssinia, having Dembea
W.Amhara S. Samen N. and Angot E. It is 180
miles long, and 60 broad.
Beggenried, v. Switzerland, in Unterwalden,
on the lake of Lucerne, 6 m. fr. Stantz.
Begherme, country, Central Africa, has Bornou
iV. Bergoo E. and Cassina W.
-Be/taian, t. Persia, in Fars. Pop. 10,000. 153
m. fr. Shiraz.
Behirai el MerdJ, lake, Syria, 21 m. E. Damas-
cus-
Behni's Canal, channel which separates the isl-
and of Rcvilla Gigedo from the N. W. coast of
America.
Behring''s Island. See Beering''s Island.
Beja, or Bexa, in Alentejo, Portugal, compre-
hends 1 city, 3 towns, and 21 parishes. 72 m. S.
S. E. Lisbon.
Bejagur, district Hind, in Candeish, about 150
miles long, and 30 broad.
Bejapour, or Visiapour, a province of Hindos-
tan, bounded N. and E. by Arungabad and Beder,
S. by North Canara and the river Toombudra,
and W. by the sea : about 350 miles long, by 200
broad. Four-fifths of it are subject to the Mah-
rattas, the rest to the Nizam. Its population is
calculated at seven millions, of which the Ma-
hometans constitute a twentieth part, and the rest
ai-e Hindoos.
Bejapour, or Visiapour, city. Hind, capital of
Bejapour province. It is a place of very great ex-
tent, consisting of three towns within each other.
The innermost i" the cibidcl, a mile in circuit ;
BEL
the next is the fort, eight miles in conipass, and
the third is environ' d by a wall. During the pe-
riod of its greatest prosperity, it is said to have
contained, 984,456 houses, and 1,600 mosques.
The citadel is a place of very great strength, and
is encompassed by a ditch, in most places 10(J
yards wide. There are several mosques and mau-
soleums adorned with all the embellishments ol
eastern architecture, one of which is said to have
cost 700,000^. and to have occupied 6,533 work-
men, during 36 years, 11 months, and 11 days.
Bejapour was besieged by Aurungzebe, and sur-
rendered by capitulation in 1689. Lon. 75° 42'
E. Lat. 17° 9' N.
Bejar, or Bejas, t. Spanish Estremadura, in Pia-
centia, 10 m. N. Coria.
Beichlingcn, a county of Saxony, in Thuringia,
belonging, since 1815, to Prussia. The castle of
Beichlingen is 18 m. N. Weimar, and 20 N. E.
Erfurt.
Bejetzk, or Beshtzh, t. Russia, 48 ra. N. N. E.
Twer.
Beilen. See Bailen.
Beilngries, t. Bavaria, 16 ra. N. E. Eichstadl.
Bcilstein, t. Prussian states, grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, on the Moselle, 22 m. W. Coblentz.
Another, 5 m. S. Dillcnburg.
Beilstein, t. Wirtemberg,^ 14 m. N. Stuttgard.
Beinuc, or Bet/nal, t. France, 8 m. S. Tulle.
Beira, a province of Portugal, bounded N. by
Tras-los-Montes and Entre Duero e Minho, E. by
Spain, S. by Portuguese Estremadura and Alen-
tejo, and W. by the Atlantic. Extent 11,000
square miles. Pop. in 1810, 830,602.
Beiragur, t. Hind, in Orissa, 14 m. W. N. W.
Boad.
Beit el Fatah, t. Arabia, in Yemen, particu-
larly celebrated for its trade in coffee, which
grows in the hills, distant about 60 miles.
The quantity carried to Mocha, is about 4000
bales of 313 pounds each. Several European
powers have had residents at Beit el Fakih,
and merchants resort thither from Persia, Russia,
Turkey, Barbary, and Africa, in general. 30 m.
E. S. E. Hodeida, 72 N. Mocha. Lon. 43° 23' E.
Lat. 14° 32" N.
Beith, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 8 m. N. Ir\ane.
Pop. of the parish, 4,050.
Bejucal, city, Cuba, 21 m. from Havannah.
Bekes, t. Hungary, in the county of Bekesch,
on the Black Karosch.
Bekesch {Beks Varmegye), a county of Hun-
gary, bounded N. by Great Cumania and Bihar,
E. by Bihar and Zarand, S. by Arad, and W. by
Solnok and Czongrad. Pop. 55,000.
Bekia, or Boquio, isl. West Indies, 60 m. N. E.
Grenada, 99 W. S. W. Earbadoes, Lat. 13°
2'N.
Bela. See Bailen.
Bela, t. Hungary, in the county of Zips.
Bel-Alcazar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 35 m. N. N,
W. Cordova. Pop. 2,500.
Belbeis, t. Egypt, 35 m. N. E. Cairo, 4 N. W.
Suez.
Belho, r. Piedmont, falls, in to the Tanaro near
Alexandria.
Belcastro, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the
gulf of Squillace, 10 m. N. E. St. Severina.
Belchertmvn, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 15 m. E.
S. E. Northampton, 80 W. Boston. Pop. 2,270.
Bclcs, t. Austrian Galicia, near the river Bug,
with a castle, 148 m. E.CracoAV, 152 S.S, E, War-
saw. Lon, 24° 12' F. T.nt. ;'.0o 24' N,
B E I.
Btkd Caroon. See Caroon.
Beled el Haram, i. e. the Holy Land of Islam, a
district of Arabia on the coast of the Red sea. It
extends from the port of Araboss, 21 leagues N.
of Jedda, to a port called Almassa Ibrahim, 32
Jeagues S. E. Jedda.
Beled Mousa. See ^rment.
Belem, Bellem, or Bethlem, t. Portuguese Estre-
madura, on the Tagus, 3 m. W. Lisbon.
Beles. See Balis.
Belese, r. Persia, flows into the Hermundj in
Seistan.
Beleser, t. Palestine, 14 m. N. Jerusalem.
Belesme, or Belleme, t. iVance, in Orne, 20 m.
E. by S. Alencon.
Belfast, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim co. at the efflux
of the river Lagan into Carrickfergus bay, 80 m,
N. Dublin. The port is connected with tYte ex-
tensive lake called Lough Neagh, by a canal which
is navigable for lighters. Belfast has considera-
ble manufiictures, and an extensive commerce ;
the principal branch of the former consists in the
weaving of linen and cottons. There are also
manufactories of glass, vitriol, pottery, and seve-
ral sugar refineries. The chief exports are linen,
butter, beef, pork, and oatmeal ; the total value of
which, in 1810, was 2,904,520/. Considerable
trade is carried on with the West Indies, Ameri-
ca, and other parts of the world. The progress of
Belfast in population and commerce, has been re-
markably rapid. In 1758, the population was
8,549, in 1782, 13,105, in 1798, 18,320, and in
1816 was computed at 30,000. The custom-house
duties for 1800 were, 62,668/.; and for 1816,
349,417/. Lon. 5° 46' W. Lat. 54° 35' N.
Belfast, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on
Penobscot bay, 9 m. fr. Castinc, across the bay, 40
N. E. Hallowel and Augusta. Pop. 1,274. It has
a good harbor, and is a place of trade. Here is
an Academy.
Belfast, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 750.
Belfast, p-v. Laurens district, S. C
Belfonte, or Belforte, v. Ecclesiastical state, in
Marca d'Ancona, on the river Chienti, 12 m. N.
E. Camerino.
Belford, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 12 m. N.
Alnwick.
Belford, p-v. Nash co. N. C,
Belforte, t. Italy, on the Taro, 19 m. S. S. W.
Parma ; one in the Ecclesiastical state, duchy of
Urbino ; one in Naples, Calabria Ultra.
Belgard, t. Prussia, in Farther Pomerania, 38
m. N. W. New Stettin, 40 E. Camin. Lon. 15°
50' E. Lat. 53'^ 59' N.
Belgerin, t. Prussia, on the Elbe, 24 m. N. W.
Meissen, 36 N. W. Dresxlen.
Belgiojoso, t. Milan, on the Po, 6 m. E. Pavia.
Belgium, the name given by the French, after
the revolution, to the Netherlands, (viz. to the
provinces of Limburg, Upper Guelderland, Ant-
werp, and Mechlin, and the gi-eater part of Flan-
ders, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg, and Bra-
bant,) which they annexed to their empire in
1795, and divided with the bishopric of Liege,
into the nine following departments : the Lys, the
Scheldt, Gemappc, tlie Dyle, the Deux Nethes,
the Sambre and Mcuse, the Ourthe, the Loire,
the Maese, and the Forets. The chief places of
these depai-tments were Bruges, Ghent, Mons,
Brussels, Antwerp, Liege, Namur, Maestricht,
and Luxemburg. Belgium now forma an impor-
tant part of tlie kingdom <5f th*^ JVethniandsy
which ?cc.
13
BEL
97
Belgrad, v. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, near
Constantinople, 11 m. N. N. VV. Pera.
Belgrade, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, at the con-
flux of the Save and Danube, 150 m. S. S. E. Bu-
da, 440 N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 20° 10' E.
Lat. 44° 43' N. It consists of four parts, 1, the
Fortress, standing on a steep eminence in the cen-
tre of the whole, and commanding the Danube.
It is inclosed with high walls, strong towers, and
a triple ditch, and is provided with mines and
bomb-proof casemates, 2. the Water-side Di-
vision, lying on the north, not far from the' junct-
ion of the two rivers, and defended in like
manner by walls and ditches, 3, the Rascian
town, towards the west, in the direction of the
Save, is inclosed with walls and pallisades ; and
4, the Palanka, which encircles the fortress on the
south and east. The population is about 25,000,
and consists principally, of the families of the
Turkish Janissaries, by whom the fort is garri-
soned. Belgrade ^ advantageously situated for
commerce, having an easy communication with
Vienna and the Black sea. Its situation as the
key of Hungary, has frequently rendered it the
object of fierce contention between the Austriana
and the Turks.
Belgrade, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 13 m. N.
Augusta. Pop. 996.
Belgrado,t. Italy, in Lombardy, 18 m. S. Udine,
27 N. E, Treviso,
Belsram, t, Hiiad, in Oude. Lon. 86° 3' E.
Lat. 27° 13' N,
Belian, r. Great Bukharia, flows into the Har-
rat, 60 m. W. S, W, Badakshan.
Bclim, or Belin, t. France, 48 m. S. S. W.
Bourdeaux.
Belitz, t. Prussia, in the middle Mark of Bran-
denburg, 12 m. S. W. Potsdam, 28 S. W. Berlin.
Bellac, or Belac, t, Franpe, in Upper Vienne,
20 m, N, W, Limoges.
BeUagio, v. Italy, in Milan, at the S. E, extrem-
ity of lake Como, 13 m, N. N. E. Como.
Bellair, or Les Ecureuils, seignior}', Hampshire
CO. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law-
rence, 22 m. W, Quebec.
Bellair, p-t. and cap. Harford co. Md. 22 m. N.
E. Baltimore.
Bell-air, p-v. Lancaster district, S. C.
Bella Isola. See Borromei Islands.
Bellano, t. Italy, in Milan, on the E. banlf of
lake Como, 17 m. N. N. E Como.
Bellary, t Hind, in the Mysore, 187 m. N. Se-
ringapatam. The London Missionary Society had
here in 1819, 3 missionaries, who had established
11 schools, containing 553 schplars. The station
is increased in importance by a late extension of
the British territory in its vicinity.
Bellas, t, Portugal, 8 m, N, W, Lisbon.
Bellbrook, p-t. Green co. Ohio.
Belle-Bay, on tlie S. coast of Newfoundland,
N, of Fortune bay.
Belle Fontaine, v. St. Louis co. Missouri, on the
5. side of Missouri river, 4 m. above its ^louth, 15
N. St. Louis. The inhabitants are chiefly French.
Bellefontc, p-t. and cap. Centre co. Pa. about
70 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 303. It stands at
the head qf boat navigation, on Spring-creek, It
is regularly laid out, and has a bank, and an acad-^
emy,
Bellegarde, fort, Fi'ance, on the side of Spain,
in Eastern Pyrenees. It is regularly constructed,
and has five bastions. 4 rn. S: p. Ceret. }F* S,
Perpignau,.
^e
BEL
BEL
Bellfigarde, t, France, in La Crease, Hm-lti.
Aubusson.
Belle-Isle, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne.
Belle-Ish, or Belleisle en Mer, isl. France, in the
bay of Biscay, 15 miles long, and from 5 to 12
broad. It is 2b m. S. W. Vannes, 28 W. Guerande.
Lon. 3° 5' W. Lat. 47° 17' N. Pop. 5,570.
Belleisle, isl. at the mouth of the straits of Bel-
lisle, between Labrador and the N. end of New-
foundland island. Lon. 55° 15' W. Lat. 51°
68' N.
Bellenave, t France, in AUier, 25 m. S, S. W.
Moulins.
Bellesta, or Bcllestal, v. France, in Arriege, 10
jTi. S. Mirepoix.
Belleville, v. France, in Seine, on a height about
3 m. N. E. Paris.
Belleville sur Saone, t. France, in Rhone, 7 m.
N. Villefranche. Pop. 2,000.
Bellevieiv, t. Washington co. Missouri, 13 m. fr.
Herculaneum. It contains not less than 60 fami-
lies ; and the land is fertile. South and west of
this settlement, the country is mountainous and
barren.
Belleville, p-v. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic, 5
m. above Newark.
Belleville, p-t. Wood co. Va. on the Ohio, 5 m.
below the mouth of Hockhocking river.
Belleville, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa.
Belleville, t. and cap. Logan co. Ohio.
Belleville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on a W. branch
of Mohiccan creek.
Belleville, p-t St. Clair co. Illinois, 15 m. E. Ca-
hokia, 50 N. Kaskaskias.
Bellevue, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on the
S. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. E. Montreal.
Belle)/, or Bellay, t. France, in Ain, 35 m. S. E.
Bourg.
Bellfield, v. Greensville co. Va. on the Meher-
rin, opposite Hicksford, 45 m. S. Petersburg.
Bellheim, t. belonging to Bavaria, in the circle
of the Rhine. Pop. 1,500.
Bellie, parish, Scotland, in Banffshire and Mo-
rayshire, on the Spey, near its mouth.
Bellin, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 18 m. N. N.
XV. Custrin.
Bellingham, i. Eng. in Northumberland, 14 ra.
N. Hexham.
Bellingham, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. S. W.
Boston, 20 N. Providence. Pop. 766.
Bellingham'' s Bail, on the W.coast of America, in
the gulf of Georgia. It evei-y Avhere affords good
and secure anchorage. Lon. of the E. extremity,
237° 50' E. Lat. 48° 36' to 48° 48' N.
Bellingwolder-Zyl, fort, Netherlands, in Gro-
ningen, 7 m. E. Winscoten.
Bellinzona, t. Switzerland, canton of the Tici-
no, 25 m. N. N. W. Como, 40 S. Zurich.
Bellisle, r. New Brunswick, runs into the St.
Johns from the E.
Bellisle, Straits of, between Newfoundland and
the coast of Labrador.
Bellona. See Leroy.
Bellows falls, in Connecticut river, at Walpole,
N. H. In the midst of the channel worn in the
rocks, a huge rock remains, on each side of which
is a passage for the water. As the E. side, how-
ever, is more elevated, the water, except when
the river is high, does not pass over it; and the
whole Connecticut, which above is about 350 feet
wide, and 25 feet deep, shoots through a space of
16 feet by 2i, and descends, by successive pitches,
iu the course of lia-lf a mile, 4'i feet. On the
steep sides of thia rock, arm-chairs are hung, hi
which the fishermen sit securely with nets tc-
catch the salmon that pass up the falls. A bridge,
is thrown over the river, supported in the middle
by the rock. The village of Bellows-Falls con-
tains a post-office and several mills.
Bellpuch, or Belpuig, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 16
m. E. Lerida.
Bell Rock, or Inch Cape, a dangerous rock on
the E. coast of Scotland, near the mouth of the
Tay, 12 m. S. W. Aberbrothock, in the direct track
of all vessels engaged in the coasting trade of the
east coast of Scotland. A light-house is erected
on it.
Bellunese, II, a mountainous district of Upper
Italy, in Lombardy, It is rich in corn, wine, and
all sorts of fruit, has excellent pastures and thri^
ving cattle ; but its principal wealth lies in the
extensive forests on the sides of the mountains, the
wood of which is transported in floats on the Pi-
ave to the Lagunes of Venice. Pop. 47,500.
Belluno, the capital of Bellunese, stands on a
hill between the Ardo and Piave. It has a large
suburb, called Campedelh,\A churches, 5 cloisters,
and a large aqueduct. The main source of sub-
sistence is the trade in wood. Pop. 7,400. 43 m.
N. Venice, 48 E. Trent.
Belmont, t. on the coast of Syria, 8 m. S. Tri-
pol.
Belmont, t. France, in Loire, 14 m. N. E. Ro»
anne ; one in Aveyron, 12 m. S. W. St. Afrique.
Belmont, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the
Tuscan sea, 11m. W. S. W. Cosenza ; one in Ter-
ra di Lavoro, 10 m. N. E. Ponte Corvo.
Belmont, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Castine.
Belnvont, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. in 1819.
16,725. Chief t. St. Clairsville.
Belneda, t. Italy, in Friuli, 4 m. N. Udine.
Beloeil, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 15 m. E. Montreal.
Belona, i. Italy, in the Veronese, 10 m. N.
Garda.
Beloochistan, a country of Asia. In its most
comprehensive acceptation, it includes the whole
space within lat. 24° 50'— 30° 40' N. and lon. 58<>
55'— 67° 30' E. bounded N. by Seistan and the
country of the Afghans, S. by the Indian ocean,
W. by Kerman, and E. by Sinde. A large pro-
portion of the country is mountainous. Water is
generally scarce ; the principal rivers being little
else than mountain torrents, losing themselves in
the sands, or finding their way in shallow streams
to the sea. There are two great classes of inhab-
itants, the Belooches and Brahooes,who differ from
each other in their outward appearance, as well
as in their manners. The Belooches are tall,
handsome, and active. They are lawless robbers,
and undertake distant excursions in quest of
booty, or for the purpose of carrying off the in-
habitants of other countries for slaves. They are
Mahometans of the Soonee faith, and entertain a
great antipathy to other sects. The Brahooes
have short thick bones, round faces, and flat fea-
tures. They are a quiet and industrious race,
and, although equally brave, free from the preda-
tory pursuits of the Belooches,
The chief town of Beloochistan is Kelat, where
the khan or sovereign of the whole country re-
sides. His power has declined of late, in conse-
quence of some of the tributary chiefs having de-
clared themselves independent. The total num-
ber of troops which Uie khan can raise is about
BEN
90,000. Hindoos reside throughout Beloochistanj
and occupy 4 or 500 of the best honses in the cap-
ital, under the protection of government. They
are all occupied in commercial concerns, and
!iave become the wealthiest class in the whole
country.
Belota, t. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 8 m. E.
S. E. Bergamo.
Belpeck, i. France, in Aude, 7 m. N. W. Mire-
poix.
Belper, t. Eng. in Derbphire. Pop. 5,778. 8
m. fr. Derby.
Belpre, p-t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio riv-
er, 14 m. S. W. Marietta.
Belrigvardo, 2 towns in Italy : one in the Lom-
bardo-Venetian kuigdom, 14 m. S. S. W. Milan;
the other in the Papal legation of Ferrara, 8 m.
S. E. Fernira.
Belsito, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 6 m. S.
Cosenza,
Belt, Great and Litlle^ the name of two narrow
straits, which connect the Baltic with the Catte-
gat. The former lies between the islands of Zea-
land and Funen, and the latter between the island
of Funen and the coast of Jutland.
Belra, r. Afi'ica, falls into the Atlantic. Lat.
26° 40' N.
Belturbet, t. Ireland, on the Erne, 8 m. N. W.
Cavan.
Belvedere, t Eu. Turkey, near the W. coast of
the Morea, on the site of the ancient Elis, 65 m.
W. Corinth.
Belvedere, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 5 m.
E. Taranto ; one in Parma, 17 m. S. Parma ; one
in Calabria Citra, 15 m.S. E. Scalea.
Belvedere Shoal, about 24 m. N. of the island of
Banca. Lon. 107° E. Lat. 2° 12' S.
Belvez, t. France, in Dordogne, 28 m. S. Peri-
jueux.
Belvidere, t Franklin co. Vt. 40 m. N. Mont-
pelier. P»p.2l7.
Belvidere, p-t Sussex co. N. J. on the Dela-
ware, 11m. above Easton.
Belur, t. Great Bukharia, 100 m. E. Badak-
?han.
Belur Tagh, the ancient Imaus, a mountain of
Asia, which forms the boundary of Little Buk-
haria, E. of Belur.
Beminster. See Beaminster.
Bena, t. Piedmont, 28 m. S. Turin. Pop. 5,020.
Benadky, or Benalek, t. Bohemia, 8 m. S. S. W.
Jung Buntzlau, 22 N» E. Prague.
Benaist, t. France, on the Loire, 9 m. E. N. E.
Saumur.
Benar, v. on the W. coast of Africa, near Si-
erra Leone.
Benares, a large and valuable district, Hindos-
tan, on both sides of the Ganges, between 23° and
27° N, lat containing 1200 square miles of fer-
tile soil, which produces all kinds of grain, and
a quantity of sugar, indigo, and opium. It is ex-
ceedingly populous. In 1775 the sovereignty of
this district was ceded to the British.
Benares, city, Hind. cap. of Benares district, on
tlie N. bank of the Ganges ; in lon, 83° E. lat. 25°
30' N. 460 m. N. W. Calcutta. It is the ancient
^eat of Brahminical learning, and denominated
" the Holy City." The Hindoos conceive that a
person dying at Benares, is certain of paradise, a
notion which contributes to the increase of its
population. It contains 12,000 stone and brick
houses, from one to six stories, high ; and above
16,000 mud houses. Pop. in 1803, 582,000: dn-
B E N
99
ring the festivals, the concourse is beyond all cal-
culation. The residence of the English judge,
and civil establishment, is at Secrole, a pleasant
village, about 2 miles from the city, where there
is a military cantonment for a battalion of sepoye.
This city carries on a very extensive trade with
all parts of India. It is the principal mart for the
diamonds found in the mines of Eundelcund, and
its manufactures of gold and silver lace, silks, and
brocades, are carried to all parts of the East. The
Church Missionary Society have lately sent seve-
ral missionaries here, with a printing establish-
ment. They have also the superintendtmce of h
charit}'^ school, which has been very liberally en-
dowed, by a native Hindoo with the sum of 88,000
rupees, or 11,000/. In 1819, the number in the
school was 121, of whom 63 were studying Eng-
lish, 32 Persian, 11 Hindee and Sanscrit, and 15
Bengalee.
Benatek. See Benadky.
Benavarre, t. Spain in Arragon, 18 m. E. N. E.
Balbastro.
Benarente, t. Spain, in Ijeon, 36 m. S. Leon.
Benbecula, isl. of the Hebrides, between North
and South Uist. Lon. 7° 18' W. Lat 57° 26' N.
Bencoolen, the only British settlement on the
island of Sumatra. For a few years it was a dis-
tinct presidency, but is now incorporated with
that of Bengal. The culture of pepper is the
professed and only object of the whole settlement,
and it yields about 1000 tons. Lon. 102° 16' 15'
E. Lat. 30 49' 16" S.
Ben-Cowse, or JVic Cause, v. in the S. part of
the Algerine territory, 63 m. S. W. Constantina.
Benda. See Bandn.
Bend Emir, r. Persia, flows into lake Batkegan.
Bender, a regularly fortified t. of Eu. Russia, in
Bessarabia, on the Dniester. In 1770, the Rus-
sians took it from the Turks, but restored it at the
peace of Kaynaidgi. They got possession of it a
second time ; restored it at the peace of Jassy ;
again made themselves masters of it in the last
war, and retained it at the peace of 1812. 100
m. E. Jassy, and 100 W. Oczakoy. Lon. 29° 36'
E. Lat 46° 50' 32" N. Pop. about 30,000.
Bender Abassi. See Gombroon.
Bender Boshavir. See Bushire.
Bender Rigk, s-p. Persia, in Far?, on the N. side
of the Persian gulf, 35 m. N. Bushire. The fort
Bender Risher, is 18 m. S. E. Bushire.
Bcndorf, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine, 5 m. N. Coblentz. Pop. 1,500.
Bendschin, or Bensche, t Austrian Silesia, 7 m,
S. W. Jagerndorf. Lon. 17° 35' E. Lat. 49^
53' N. .
Benedict, p-t Charles co. Md. on the W. side of
Patuxent river, 47 m. E. Washington.
Bener, or Bembher, district, Hind, in Cabul, on
the Indus, about lat. 24° N.
Benerento, duchy, Italy, included in principato
Ultra, of the kingdom of Naples, but belonging to
the States of the Church. It consists of the city
of Benevento and a small district around it, about
11 miles square. Pop. 20,350.
Benerento, city, Italy, included in the kingdom
of Naples, but in reality the capital of a small
duchy belonging to the States of the Church. No
place in Italy, with the exception of Rome, con-
tains so many interesting remains of antiquity as
Benevento. 25 m. E. Capua, 30 N. E. Naples,
109 S. E. Rome Lou 14° 38' E. Lat. 41° 7 N.
Pop. 14,000.
100
BEN
BEN
Benfelden, t France, in Lower Rhine, 15 m. S.
S. W. Strasburg.
Bengal, an extensive and valuable province of
Ilindostan, 400 miles long and 300 broad, situated
between 21° and 27° N. Lat. and between 86°
and 92° E. Lon. On the N. and E. it is bounded
by the mountains of Nepaul, Assam, and Ava; on
the S. by a line of inhospitable and dangerous sea
coast ; on tlie W. it joins Bahar and Oude. Its
soil produces every thing requisite for the suste-
nance of life, and in such abundance, that the crops
of one year are sufficient for the consumption of
its inhabitants for two. The revenues consist
chiefly of rents paid to tlie government for land.
In the years 1811-12, they amounted, including
those of Bahar and Orissa, to 2,590,000 /. sterling.
The exports of Bengal are principally rice, cotton
and silk, both raw and manufactured ; indigo, su-
gar, saltpetre, ivory, tobacco, and drugs of various
kinds. Its imports are gold and silver, copperand
bar iron, woollen cloths of every description, tea,
salt, glass and china ware. The south-east dis-
tricts produce elephants, which are used by the
opulent natives, for state or riding, and also for
carrying the camp equipage of the army. Ben-
gal is intersected by the Gauge?, the Brahmapoo-
tra, Dummooda, and several other rivers, so con-
nected by various streams, and the annual inun-
dations, that there is scarcely a town which does
not enjoy the benefits of an inland navigation.
The greater proportion of the inhabitants are Hin-
doos : they are very dark, but not so black as Af-
ricans. They are small and delicate in their per-
sons, of a timid temper, and excessively litigious.
The Mahometans, who constitute about one tenth
of the population, are the descendants of the Af-
ghan and Mogul conquerors, and Arabian mer-
cliants. The descendants of the Portuguese are
inimerous. The climate of Bengal is found to
agree very well with European constitutions.
The year is there divided into three seasons, viz,
the hot, the rainy, and the cold ; the former be-
gins in March and ends in June ; the rains then
commence, and continue till October, after which
it becomes cool, and the weather continues pleas-
ant for four months. This province in 1757, fell
into the hands of the English, who have gradually
changed its form of government, and introduced a
code of regulations founded on the Hindoo, Ma-
hometan, and English laws, by which impartial
justice is administered to all the inhabitants, and
toleration granted to all religions ; owing to which
the country improves, and the population increa-
dfes. Calcutta is the seat of government. The
_ military establishment of Bengal consists of 3 bat-
talions of European artillery, with a number of
natives attached, for the subordinate departments;
I regiment of European infantry ; 60 battalions
of native infantry, and 8 regiments of native cav-
alry : to each company of native infantry and troop
of cavalry, an European officer i? attached. Ex-
clusive of the above, there are always some of the
king's regiments employed under the Bengal gov-
ernment.
Bengal, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake,
W. of Rome, adjoining. Pop. 454.
Bengal Passage, between Pulo-Brasse and Pulo-
Way.
Bengo, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic, lat.
8P50'S.
Bengore Head, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of
Antrim. Lon. 6° 19' W. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Benguela, territory of W. Africa, S. of Congo
and Angola. Its coast extends from 10» 30.' to 16?
15' S. lat.
Benguela, JVeiv, s-p. in Benguela, on Cow's bay,
which affords very safe and convenient anchorage.
Lon. 13° 30' E. Lat. 12° 28' S.
Bent, r. Peru, runs W. into the Ucayale.
Benicarlo, t. Spain, in Valencia, 85 m. N. E. Va-
lencia.
Beni-Meszar, district, S. part of Algiers. The
chief town is Gardeiah.
Beyiin, a kingdom of W. Africa, the limits of
which are not precisely known. Benin, the cap-
ital, is in lon. 5° 5' E. lat. 6° 15' N.
Benisuef, t. Upper Egypt, 60 m. S. Cairo.
Benizelte, v. on the coast of Piedmont.
Benlomond, mountain, Scotland, rises from
Lochlomond, to the height of 3,240 feet-
Benneckenstein, t. of the Prussian states, 13 m.
N. Nordhausen, 18 S. W. Halberstadt.
Ben-Nevis, mountain, Scotland, in Dumbarton
CO. the highest in Great Britain, being 4370 feet
above the level of the sea.
Bennington, co. in the S. W. part of Vermont,
bounded N. by Rutland co. E. by Windham co.
S. by Massachusetts, and W. by New- York. Chief
town, Bennington. Pop, 15,893.
Bennington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 37 m. N. E..
Albany, 132 W. N. W. Boston, 68 S. W. Windsor.
Pop. in 1810, 2,524. It lies on tlie New-York
line, and is surrounded except on the east, with a
fine, fertile farming country. Foreign goods are
generally procured from Troy on the Hudson.
Two famous battles were fought here, August
16th, 1777, in which General Stark, at the head
of 800 American militia defeated the British.
Bennington, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W.
Batavia.
Bennington, t. Mercer co. Pa. on the Shenango
river, 60 m. N. N. W. Pittsburg.
Bennington, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Bennisch. See Bendschin.
Benodet. See Boyne Islands.
Bcnoit. See Aniane.
Benowm, t. and cap. of Ludamar, in central Af-
rica. Lon. 7° 10' W. Lat. 15° 5' N.
Bensalem, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware,
above Philadelphia. Pop. 1,434.
Bensberg, t. of the Prussian states, in the Lower
Rhine, 7 m. E. Mulheim.
Bensboro, p-v. Pitts oo. N. C. about 60 m. S. E.
Raleigh.
Bensheim, t. in the grand duchy of Hesse, prin-
cipality of Starkenburg, 8 m. S. Darmstadt, 20 N.
Heidelberg. Pop. 3,100.
Bensinglon, or Benson, v. Eng. in Oxfordshire,
4t) m. from London.
Benson, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, 57 m. N. Bennington. Pop. 1,561.
Bent creek, p-v. Buckingham co. Va, 112 m. W.
Richmond.
Bentheim, a county of Germany, included in
tlie kingdom of Hanover. It contains 440 square
miles and 24,000 inhabitants.
Bentheim, the chief town in Bentheim county,
32 m. N. W. Munster, 38 W. Osnabruck. Loq.
7° 5' E. Lat. 52° 20' N. Pop. 1,650.
Bentinck Point, the N. E. point of Hinchinbrook
island, N. W. coast of America. Lon. 214° 24' E,
Lat. 60° 28' N.
Bentinck'' s Arms, 2 branches of an inlet on the
N. W. coast of America. Lon. 203° to 233° 21'
E. Lat. 52° to 52° 25' N.
B E R
• Bentlci/sville, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. about 50 m.
E. Raleigh.
Benton, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Seneca Lake ; S. W. Canandaigupi. Pop.
3,339.
Benwell, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 2 m. W.
Newcastle.
£era, district of Celebes, on the sea-coast, ex-,
tends E. from the river Bampang, to the point of
B E R
101
BercEa, t. Syria, 7 m. N. Acre.
Beratf or Ardauth Belgrade, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Albania, 40 m. N. E. Aulona. Pop. 12,000.
Beraun, t. Bohemia, 14 m. S. W. Prague.
Berawa. See Brava.
Berbera, district, Africa, sxtending from the
straits of Babelmandeb to Cape Guardafui. It is
the native country of myrrh, incense, and gums,
which are exported thence to all quarters of the
world.
Berbera, t. Africa, capital of the Bei*)era dis-
trict. Here a large lair is annually held, which is
resorted to by caravans from a great distance in
the interior. The articles sold are gum arable,
myrrh and frankincense.
Berbice, r. S. America, in Guiana. It enters
the Atlantic in lat. 6=* 20' N. Ion. 57° 16' W. A bar
of sand prevents any vessel drawing more than 14
feet water, from entering the river.
Berbice, a district of Guiana, which formerly be-
longed to the Dutch, but is now in possession of
Britain, having been finally ceded by the peace of
Paris in 1814. It extends along the sea-coast, 150
miles from Abarry creek on the W. to Couran-
tine river on the E. The coast is low and marshy,
and except at the settlements, is inundated from
the sea. All the plantations are strongly diked.
The land is continually encroaching upon the sea.
On many parts of the coast, it has advanced two
miles within 20 years. The soil is a rich clay, and
yields maize, sugar cane, cocoa, all the tropical
fruits, and all the necessaries and luxuries of life.
The climate is veryunilbrm, the range of the ther-
mometer being from 76° to 84° ; and is much
healtliier than formerly. The population of Ber-
bice in 1811, according to official returns, was
25,959, of whom 550 were whites and the rest ne-
groes. Within a few ycarb, however, many of the
estates have been broken up, and the slaves trans-
ferred to Demerara. The population at present
is about 18,000. The exports are sugar, rum,
molasses, cocoa, &c. The value of exports in
1810, was 51,785 /. and of the imports, 191,566 I.
New Amsterdam is the capital.
Berchem, v. Prussian states, in the Lower
Rhine, 12 m. W. Cologne.
Berching, t. Bavaria, 26 m. W. N. W. Ratis-
bon.
BerchtohgadSkn, t. of the Austrian empire, 13
m. S. Saltzburg. Pop. 3,000.
Berckel, r. Germany, runs into the Yssel, at
Zutphen.
Berdicsow, t. Russia, in Volhynia, 324 m. S. E.
Warsaw.
Berea, in Sac. Geog, city of Macedonia, near
Pella, between the rivers Lydia and Haliacmon,
afterwards called Trenopolis; and now by the
Turks, Boor.
Berdoa. See Burgu.
Bereahton, t. and borough, Eng. Devonshire, 5
m. from Tavistock.
Berf^gh, county, on the N. side of tlie They??,
in Hungary.
Bereguardo, t. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, N.
of Pavia.
Berelos. See Bourlos.
Bereiford's Islands, probably the same as the
Sartine islands, in the Pacific. " Lon. 129° 57' W.
Lat. 50° 52' N.
Beresow. See Berezov.
Bereseuka, t. Russia, on the Volga, 124 m. S.
Saratov.
Berezina, t. Russia, in .Minsk, 44 m. N. E.
Minsk.
Berezina, r. Russia, famous for the disastrous
passage of the French in their retreat from Rus-
sia, in 1812. It falls into the Dnieper, near Ret-
ehitza.
Berezinskoi, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 40 m. E.
Tobolsk.
Berezov, t. Siberia, on the Soswa, 18 m. from its
confluence with the Ob. Lat. 64° N.
Berezorskoi, t, Russia, on the Ural, 140 m. E. N.
E. Orenburg.
Berg, formerly a duchy of Germany, in the cir-
cle of Westphalia, bounded N. by the duchy of
Cleves, E. by the county of Mark and the duchy
of Westphalia, S. by the Westerw^ald, and W. by
the Rhine. It belonged to the elector of Bava
ria previous to 1815. It now belongs to Prussia,
and is included in the province of Juliers-Cleves-
Berg,
Berg, a county of the Netherlands, in Guelder-
land, district of Zutphen.
Berg, r. Africa, falls into St. Helena bay. Lat.
32° la S.
Berga, t. of the Prussian states, on the Elster,
12 m. N. E. Neustadt.
Bergamasco, a district in Upper Italy, now in-
cluded in the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom,
bounded N. by the Valteline, E. by the Bresciano,
S. by the Cremonese, and W, by the Milanese.
Pop. 366,000.
Bergamo, city. Upper Italy, cap. of Bergamasco^
between the rivers Brembo and Serio. It is pro-
tected by a castle and walls. There is a fair on
the 24th of August which is frequented by mer-
chants from Italy, Germany, and Switzerland.
The great trade of the town is in silk, which is ex-
ported to Germany, France, and England. The
imports are fine cloth from England, France, and
Holland, camlets from Holland and Flanders,
coarse cloths, spiceries and drugs, from Germany,
and corn from the Milanese. 28 m. N. E. Milan,
28 N. W. Brescia, 38 N. W. Cremona. Lon. Q'^
38' E. lat. 45° 42' N. Pop. 25,000.
Bergedorf, t. Germany, territory of Hamburg,
9 m. E. S. E. Hamburg. Pop. 2,000.
Bergen, t. Norway, capital of the bishopric and
government of Bergenhuus. It lies at the bottom
of a long bay, which is inclosed on all sides by rug-
ged and barren rocks. The harbor is secure but
the access is attended with considerable danger.
The inhabitants are employed chiefly in naviga-
tion, trade, and fishing. Dried fish and train oil
are exchanged with the Dutch, English, Swedes,
and other nations, for corn, and the necessaries of
life. 180 m. N. Stavanger, and 270 S. W. Dron-
theim. Lon. 7° 14' E. lat. 60° 10' N. Pop.
15,000.
Bergen, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. Alkmaer.
Bergen, t. Germany, 3 m. N. E. Frankfort on
the Main.
Bergen, t. capital of the island of Rugen, in the
Baltic', 13 m. N. E. Stralsund. Lon. 13° 34' E.
M. 54° 28' N.
102
B E R
Bergeriy p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 14 m. N. E. Ba-
tevia.
Bergen, co. N. J. on the Hudson opposite New-
York. Pop. 16,603. Chief t. Hackensac.
Bergen, t. Bergen co. N. J. 3 m. W. New- York ;
Pop. 2,690. Here is an academy. Bergen neck is
the peninsula extending from Bergen S.6 miles, be-
tween New- York bay on the E. and Newark bay :
the estuary of the Hackensac and Passaic, on the W.
and is divided by a strait on the S. from Stateu Isl-
and.
Bergenhuns, province, Norway, bounded N. by
Drontheim, E. by Aggerhuus, S. by Christiansand,
and W. by the German ocean. The capital is
Bergen.
Bergen-op-Zoom, or Berg-op-Zoom, t. and fort,
Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, near the East
Scheldt, with which it has communication by a
canal. 18 m. N. N. W. Antwerp. Lon. 4° 8' E.
lat. 51° 32' N. Pop. 4,800.
Bergerac, t. France, in Dordogne ; on the river
Dordogne. Pop. about 8,600. It was one of the
principal strong-holds of the Huguenots. 48 m.
JE. Bordeaux.
Bergheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 5 m. S.
W. Schelegtat.
Bergoo, territory in the interior of Africa,
bounded E. by Darfur, W.by Begherme, and N. by
Bomou, to which it is tributary.
Berg-Reichenstein-Kaschperschbe-Hory, mining
t. Bohemia, 20 m. W. Prachatitz. Lon. 13° 26'
E. lat. 49° 6'N.
Bergues St Winoe, t. France, in North, on the
Colme, between Dunkirk and Mont-Cassel. Pop.
5,100. 5 m. S. Dunkirk.
Bergzabem, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rhine, 6 m. S. S. W, Landau. Lon. 8° E. lat.
49° 6' N. Pop. 2,000.
Berhampore, fort, Bengal, 5 m. from Moorshe-
dabad.
Bcrimgon. See Beering''s Island.
Berkd, t. Saxony, 9 m. N. Eisenbach.
Berkhamstead, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 9 m. S.
W. St. Albans. Pop. 1,963.
Berkley, t. Eng. Gloucestershire, on the Little
Avon.
Berkley, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. on Taunton river,
opjiosite Taunton, at the head of sloop navigation ;
36 m. S. Boston. Pop. 1,014.
Berkley, or Sandtown, v. Gloucester co. N. J.
14 m. fr. Philadelphia.
Berkley, co. Va. on th£ Potomac, W. of the
Blue ridge; Pop. 11,479. Slaves, 1,529. Chief
t. Martinsburg.
Berkley'' s Sound, N. W. coast of America, 70
m.S. E.Nootka Sound.
Berkley springs, p-v. Berkley co. Va. on the Po-
tomac, lio m. above Washington. The waters of
the springs are warm, and though weakly mineral-
ized are much resorted to, being in a populoxis
country and provided w^ith accommodations .for
visitors.
Berks, or Berkshire, co. Eng. bounded N. by
Oxford and Buckingham, E. by Surrey, S. by
Hampshire, and W. by Wiltshire. It contains
476,160 acres, or nearly 744 square miles. Pop-
ulation in 1811, 118,277; families, 25,051 of
which number, 13,409 were engaged in agricul-
ture, and 7,584 in commerce.
Berks, co. Pa. on the Schuylkill; Pop. 43,146.
Chief t. Reading.
Berkshire, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Missisque
river, 39 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 918.
B E R
Berkshire, co. Mass, the W. part of the State ;
Pop. 35,907. Chief t. Lenox. It is crossed from N.
to S. by the Green Mountains. Quarries of mar-
ble are opened in Stockbridge, Sheffield, Lanesbo-
rough and other places.
Berkshire, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. 160 m. W. S.
W. Albany. Pop. 1,105.
Berkshire, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. E;
Delawai-e, 23 N. Columbus.
Berkshire valley, p-v. Morris co. N. J.
Berlaimont, t. France, in North, 6 m. N. W.
Avesnes.
Berleburg, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Low-
er Rhine, on the Berlenbach, 20 m. N. W. Mar-
burg, 70 E. Cologne.
Berlin, the capital of the Prussian states, is on
the Spree, in the Middle Mark of Brandenburg,
and is one of the most beautiful cities of Europe. -
The circumference of its walls and pallisades is 11
miles, and the entrance is through 15 gates. The
streets are for the most part broad and straight^
and the squares regular and spacious. The popu -
lation made a rapid progress during the last cen -
tury. In 1661 it was only 6,500, while in 1803 it
was 153,000. Berlin is indebted for its chief em-
bellishments to the celebrated Frederick II. who
is supposed to have expended yearly in the im-
provement of this city 400,000 dollars. The city
is made up of 5 distinct towns. I. Berlin Proper;
Among the remarkable buildings in this part of
the city are the governor's house, and the council
chamber; the royal arsenal, from which the
whole Prussian army is supplied with clothing ;
Frederick's hospital, in which above 800 children
are gratuitously educated. II. Coin, or Cologne
on the Spree, The most remarkable edifice here
is the royal castle, 430 feet in length, and 276 in
breadth. In it is the king's library, which con-
tains upwHi-ds of 200,000 volumes, and receives a
frequent increase, as two copies of every new
book must be deposited in it by the publishers.
III. Frederickswerder, or Frederick's Island, con-
taining the medical college, the old custom-house,
the old mint, the royal arsenal and fouudery, the
stamp-office, &c. IV. Dorotheenstadt, or JVew
Town, containing among others the royal acade-
my of sciences, with its elegant hall, library, and
cabinet of medals, the observatory, the anatomical
theatre, &c. V. Fredericksfadt, the largest of the
5 towns. Here are situated the principal courts
of law, the porcelain manufactory, the magnifi-
cent padace of the grand master of the order of
Malta, &ic. The principal manufactures of Ber-
lin, are in silk, serge, fustian, muslin, camlets,
and other woollen, linen, and cotton stuffs ; also
stockings, carpets, embroidery, jewellery, bronze,
iron and steel, black and white lead, borax, vitri-
ol, dye-stuffs (particularly Prussian blue,) tobac-
co, wax, starch, powder, soap,* leather, hats,
clocks and watches.
Berlin was taken by the Austrians and Russians
in 1760, and was occupied by Bonaparte in 1806,
after the battle of Jena. 25 m. E. Brandenburg,
45 N. W Frankfort on the Oder, 75 S. W. SteUin,
300 N. by W. Vienna. Lon. 13° 22' E. lat. 52»
31'45"N.
Berlin, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river,
opposite Montpelier ; Pop. 1,067.
Berlin, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. N. E,
Worcester, 34 W, Boston ; Pop, 591.
Berlin, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 11 m. S. Hartford.
23 N. New-Haven ; Pop. 2,798. It is the princi-
pal seat of the tin-mauufacture » the tin- ware is
B E R
s:okl by the pedlars in all parts of the United States,
ctnd in Florida, Louisiana and Canada.
Berlin, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 32 m. E. Albany,
19 S. E. Troy. Pop. 3,012.
Berlin, p-t. Adams co. Pa. on Conewaga creek,
13 m. W. York, 100 W. Philadelpliia.
Berlin, p-t. Somerset co. Pa. 25 m. W. Bedford.
Pop. 330.
Berlin, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Berlinchen, t. of the Prussian states, in the New
Mark of Brandenburg, 36 m. N. N. E. Custrin,
80E.N. E.Berlin.
Berlinsville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Bermuda hundred, Chesterfield co. Va. a small
village on the point of land at the confluence of the
Appomattox with James river. On this peninsula,
2 m. S. W. of the village is City-point, which see.
Bermudas, or Somers' Islands, a cluster of small
islands in the Atlantic ocean, iji number about
400, but for the most part so small and barren,
that they have neither inhabitants nor name. 200
leagues distant from Cape Hatteras, in N. Caro-
lina, which last is the nearest land to them. They
extend from N. E. to S. W. about 45 miles. Their
whole coast is surrounded with rocks. The north
point of the islands lies in lat. 32° 34' N. Ion. 63° 28'
W. The largest of these islands are St. George,
whichis 16mileslong,and2broad; St, David, Coop-
•er, Ireland, Somerset, Long island. Bird island, and
Nonesuch. On the first there is a town, contain-
ing 500 houses ; the two following have some vil-
lages, and throughout the others there are only
scattered farms. The winter is hardly percepti-
ble here. The fields and trees are clad in perpet-
ual green, and so salubrious is the air, that inva-
lids frequently come hither for the recovery of
their health. But these advantages are counter-
balanced by tempests of thunder and lightning, to-
gether with hurricanes, which are at times tre-
mendous. The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to
12,000 acres of poor land, of which nine parts in
ten are either uncultivated or reserved in woods
for the supplying of timber for building small
ships, sloops, and shallops for sale ; this being the
principal employment of the inhabitants. Pop. es-
timated at 5,462 whites, 4,919 blacks. They
have two harvests of Indian corn in the year, one
in July, the other in December. They likewise
cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient for
their wants. The imports in 1809 amounted to
11,648/. and the exports to 34,279/.
Bern, or Berne, a canton of Switzerland, for-
merly the largest in the republic. Its present
boundaries are Uri, Unterwalden, and Lucerne
on the E. Aargau and Solothurn on the N. the
Jura mountains, Fribourg, and Vaud on the W,
and the Valais on the S, It comprehends 3,872
square miles, and 215,000 inhabitants.
Bern, the capital of the canton of Berne, stands
on the declivity of a hill near the Aar, which wash-
es three sides of the town. It is large, and in part
fortified. The scenery of the environs is very ro-
mantic. It was taken by the French in 1798, af-
ter several bloody skirmishes, 50 m. S. W, Zu-
rich, 75 N. E. Geneva. Lon. 7° 26' E, lat. 46°
56' 55" N. Pop. 13,340.
Bern, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 20 m, W. Albany,
14 from Schoharie. Pop. 5,135.
Bern, t. Berks co. Pa. 14 m, N, W. Reading.
Bern, t, Fairfield co. Ohio, on the Hockhocking,
3 m. W. Lancaster.
Bernang, or Bernegg, district and v. Switrer-
!and. in St. Gall, 8 m. E. N, E. AppeiweL
B E R
103
Bernard'' s Castle. See Barnard's.
Bemardston, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N.
Greenfield.
Bernardstown, t. Somerset co, N. J. Pop. 1,870.
Bernau, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Bran-
denburg, 14 m. N. E. Berlin, Pop. 1,600.
Bernau, t. Bavaria, 28 m. N. E. Amberg.
Bernacille, t. France, iu Somme, 15 m. N. A-
Bemay, t. France, in Eure. Pop. 6,470. 28
m. W. N. W. Evreux.
Bernburg, a portion of the principality of An-
halt, in Germany, containing 330 square miles,
with 36,000 inhabitants, and yielding a revenue
of upwai'ds of 200,000 dollars. Bemberg the
chief town is on the Saale,20 m. W. Dessau, 24
S. Magdeburg. Lon. 1 1° 52' E, Lat. 51° 50' N.
Berncastel, t, Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
on the Moselle, 18 m, E. N, E. Treves.
Berne. See Bern.
Berneck, t. Bavaria, 8 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth.
Berners Bay, on the N. VV. coast of America^
between Point Bridget and Point St. Marv. Lat.
58° 43i' N.
Berniers Island, on the W, coast of New Hol-
land. Lat. 24° 50' S.
Bernstadl, t. Silesia, on the Weida, 20 m. E.
Breslau.
Bernstadt, t. Saxony, 9 m. S. W. Gorlitz. Lon.
14° 54' E. Lat 51° 2' N,
Berre, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, IS,
m. N. W. Marseilles.
Berry, before the revolution, a province of
France, bounded S. by La Marche, W, by Tour-
aine and Poitou, N, by Blaisois, Sologne, Orlean-
nois proper, and Gatinois, and E, by Nivernois
and Bourbonnois,
Berry-hill-bluff, p-v, Putnam co. Geo.
Berryslick, p-v. Logan co. Ken.
Berrysville, p-v. Charles co. Md.
Berrysville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
Bersch, t. France, 16 m. W. Strasburg.
Berschete, t. Austrian empire, on the Adriatic,
38 m. S, E. Trieste, Lat 45° 27' N.
Bersel, t. Turkey, in Marasch, on tlie Euphra-
tes, 50 m. S. Malatia.
Bersello, t Italy, in Reggio, on the Po, 10 m. N.
E. Parma.
Berthier, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. Lower
Canada, on the N. shore of the St Lawrence, 46
m. N. E, Montreal, 50 S. W. Three-Rivers. The
village contains at least 80 houses, and many
granaries, and store-houses of British manufac-
tured goods. The neighbouring country is thriv-
ing and populous, and from it large quantities of
grain are annually exported. Pop. of the seigniory,
5,000.
Berthier, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of tJie St. Lawrence, 25 m. E.
Quebec.
Bertie, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lalie
Erie at its eastern extremity, having Niagara riv-
er on the east.
Bertie, co.N. C, on the Roanoke, at its entrance
into Albemarle Sound, Pop. 11,218. Slave?,
6,059. Chief t Windsor.
Bertincourt, t. France, in Pas-de-Calai?.
Bertinoro, t. Italy, States of the Church, 15 m.
S. Ravenna. Lat. 44° 9' N.
Bertiola, s-p. Brazil, 15 m. S. St Sebastian.
Bervie, or Inverbervie, t. Scotland, Kincardine-
shire, on the sea-coast, 13 m. N. E. Montrose.
Berwick, a county of Scotland, bonn'l^'d \", bv
104
B E S
Haddington, E. by the German ocean, VV. by Mid
Lothian, and S. by Roxburghshire and the Tweed.
K contains about 446 square miles, or 285,440
English acres, of which upwards of 100,000 are
arable, and 185,000 are in hill and pasture. The
population in 1811 was 30,779 ; families, 6,867, of
whom 3,124 were engaged in agriculture, and
2,013 in commerce.
Berivick-upon-Tweed, t. and county in itself, on
the N. side of the Tweed, within half a mile of its
confluence with the German ocean. It formerly
belonged to "Scotland, and was the chief town in
the county of Berwick, and the theatre of many
sanguinary conflicts between the English and
Scottish armies. It was finally ceded to England
in 1502 ; and by a treaty between Edward VI.
and Mary queen of Scotland, it was declared to be
a free town, independent of both rtates. Many
privileges still remain, peculiar to the town and
its liberties. Its chief trade consists in exporting
•orn, pork, eggs, and salmon. The salmon fishe-
ry employs about 70 boats and 300 men. The
Berwick smacks that sail between London and
that town, have long been famed for their accom-
modation, safety, and expeditious sailing, and
for many years engrossed the carrying trade for
the Eastern district of Scotland. Pop. 7,746. 336
m. N. W. London, 54 S. E. Edinburgh.
Berwick, JVorth, t. Scotland, Haddington co. on
the Frith of Forth, 22 m. E. Edinburgh. Pop.
1,727.
Berwick, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon-fall
river, 14 m. N. W. York.
Beruick, South, p-t, York co. Maine, on Sal-
mon-fall river, 12 m. N. W. York, 17 N. by W.
Portsmouth. Pop. in- 1810, 4,455. At the land-
ing at the foot of the falls is a flourishing village.
Berwick, p-t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch
of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls in Nesco-
peck creek. 22^ m. above Sunbury.
Berwick. See Abbolstoum.
Besagno, r. Italy, runs intothegulf of Genoa.
Besalu, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 15 m. N. Gero-
na.
Besancon, a large, ancient, and well built city,
France, formerly capital of Franche Comte, now
of the department of the Doubs. It is on the
Doubs, which nearly surrounds it. It was strong-
ly fortified by Louis XIV. Its citadel is on a sharp
rock. 56 m. E. Dijon, 235 S. E., Paris. Lon. 6°
2' 45" E. Lat. 47° 13' 45" N. Pop. 28,200.
Besborough Island, in Norton-Sound, on the N.
W. coastof America. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Beschlan, or the Five-Mounlaim, Asm, in Cau-
casus, the most northern range of the Caucasian
chain. There is an establishment of British mis-
sionaries at its base, over which a native of Scot-
land presides ; and there is a printing press be-
longing to it, from whence many religious tracts,
in the Eastern languages, have issued. 30 m, fr.
Georgiefsk.
Bescon, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 7i m.
W. Angers.
Besigheim, t. Wirtemburg, at the influx of the
Enz into the Neckar, 23 m. N. Stutgard.
Besor, in Sac. Geog. brook, in the S. W. part of
Palestine, runs into the Meditepranean, N. of
Gaza.
Besos, r. Spain, falls into the Mediterranean,
near Barcelona.
Bessan, t. Prance, in Herault, 10 m. E. Beziers.
Bessarabia, or Budsiac Tarlary, province, Rus-
?i3- crn the BJar-k St^ti, between the Danube and
B E T
the Dueister. It was formerly in the hands of the
Turks, but in 1812 was ceded to Russia. The
Budziac Tartars formerly inhabited this country,
but many of them have emigrated to the banks of
the Kuban.
Bessasfader, t. Iceland, on a peninsula, on the
VV. coast.
Bessau, s-p. W. Africa, on the Grain coast.
Lon. 9° 40' \V. Lat. 5° 50' N.
Besse, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 24 m. S.
Clermont-Ferrand .
Besse, t. France, in Var. 18 m. N. E. Toulon.
Besse-Courtenvaux, t. France, in Sarthe, 3 m. S.
St. Calais.
Bessines, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. N.
Limoges. Pop. 2,510.
Betah, in Sac. Geog. t. Syria, province of Syria-
zobah.
Betamore Head, cape, on the W. coast of Skye.
Lon. 6° 43' W. Lat. 57° 26' N.
Beianzos, the Flavium Brigantium, or Flavio-
briga of the Romans, t. Spain, in Galicia, 7 m. S.
E. Corunna.
Beteskoe, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 230 m. S. E.
Tobolsk.
Beihabara, in Sac. Geog. the same as Bethany.
According to others, a place on the E. side of the
Jordan at the outlet of the sea of Tiberias, N. N.
E, Jerusalem.
Beihabara, Moravian settlements, Stokes co-
N. C. 4 m. S. E. Bethany.
Bethany, v. Palestine. Here is shown a grotto
which is pretended to be the sepulchre of Laza-
rus. It is 3 m. S. Jerusalem. Another, 15 m. N.
Jerusalem.
Bethany, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Batavia.
Bethany, p-t. and cap. W^ayne co. Peu 50 m. N.
E. Wilkesbarre.
Bethany, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. settled by Mora-
vians, 9 m. N. W. Salem. It contains about 60
houses. See TVachovia.
Bethany, a settlement in S. Africa, in Great
Namaqualand, formerly called Klip fountain, 55
m. N. of the Great river , about 550 fr. Cape-
town. The London Society has a missionary
here.
Beth-aven, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Ben-
jamin, near Bethel, called by the prophet Hosea
Bethel, i. e. idolatrous.
Bethbara, in Sac. Geog. See Bethabara.
Bethel, in Sac. Geog. at first called Lus, city, 10
m. N. Jerusalem, 1 W. Ai.
Bethel, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, 1 8 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 975.
Bethel, t. Windsor co. Vt. 29 m. N. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,041.
Bethel, p-t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware riv-
er, W. of Thompson. Pop. 733.
Bethel, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,095.
Bethel, t. Berks co. Pa.
Bethel, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 299.
Bethel, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,091.
Bethel, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Wil-
liamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 100.
Bethel, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 810.
Bethelsdorp, a Hottentot settlement, in S. Africa,
about 500 miles east of Cape-town. It consists of
about 1200 persons. The Missionaries of the
London Society have labored here since 1802, and
with great success. Hundreds of Hottentots
have been converted to Christianity, and their
improvement in civilization is great. They how
practice bo less than 16 trades.
BET
Bethesda, in Sac. Geog:. a pool near the temple
-:it Jerusalem, with a building erected upon it. It
is said to be now 120 paces long, 40 broad, and 8
deep, but empty of water.
Bethesda. a settlement in S. Africa, on the great
Orange river, formerly called Orlam's Kraal,
about 700 miles from Cape town. The London
Society has a missionar}" here.
Beth-horon, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of
Ephraim. Bellioron, the lower, t. also in the
tribe of Ephraim, on the confines of the tribe of
Benjamin. It is on a hill, and the road leading to
it so narrow, that 2 camels cannot go abreast.
Beth-jesimoth, in Sac. Geog. city of the Reu-
benites, not far from the Dead sea, E. of Jordan,
10 m. S. Jericho.
Bethlehem, t. Palestine, on a mountain covered
with vines and olives, 6 m. S. Jerusalem. It is
remarkable as the birth place of Christ. The
manger wherein he was laid, is pretended to be
shown. The convent over it is a solid stone struc-
ture, and includes three religious houses, for
Franks, Greeks, and Armenians. Bethlehem
contains at present about 500 families,
Bethlehem, p-t. Northampton co. Penn. on the
Lehigh, 12 m. S. W. Easton, 53 N. Philadelphia.
Pop. 1,436. It is a settlement of the Moravians
or United Brethren. The situation is healthful
and pleasant, and in summer is frequented by
gentry from different parts . There are two board-
ing schools, one for young ladies, and the other for
boys, which are in high repute, and receive many
scholars from New York, Philadelphia, and other
parts of the United States.
Bethlehem, t. Grafton co. N. H. 69 m. N. Con-
cord. Pop. 422.
Bethlehem, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
8 m. below Albany. Pop. 4,430.
Bethlehem, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on a branch
of the Raritan. Pop. 1,738.
Bethlehem, East, t. Washington co. Pa. on the
Monongahela. Pop. 1,849.
Bethleliem, Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 460.
Bethlehem, p-v. Clarke co. Indiana.
Bethleliem' s creek, or Vlaman's kill, N. Y. runs
into the Hudson, 7 m. below Albany.
Bethlehem-cross-roads, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Bethlem, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. S. Litch-
field, 32 N. N. W. New Haven. Pop. 1,118.
Bethnall, or Bednull-Green, parish, Eng. ad-
joining London.
Betli-pli'ige, in Sac. Geog. a tract of land on
Mount Olivet, 2 ra. E. Jerusalem.
Bethsaida, in Sac. Geog. the name of two pla-
ces mentioned in the Bible : Bethsaida of Galilee,
on the W. side of the sea of Tiberias, near Ca-
pernaum; and Bethsaida, on the E. side of the
same sea, at thti influx of the Jordan.
Bethshean, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Ma-
nasseh, W. of the Jordan, 60 m. N. E. Jerusalem,
afterwards called Sci/thopolis.
Bethshem^sh, in Sac. Geog. t. belonging to the
Levites, in the tribe of Judah, near the borders
of the Philistines, W. of Kirjath-jearim; another,
in the tribe of Naphtali ; another in Issachar or
Zebulon ; another, the same as On, or Heliopolis,
in Egypt.
Beth-tappuah, in Sac. Geog. tlie name of two
towns mentioned in the Bible : one in the tribe of
Judah; the other, on the borders of the tribes of
Ephraim and Manasseh.
Bcthme, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais. Pop.
B E W
lOp
about 7,000. 20 m. N. W. Arra^, 134 N. Parig.
Lon. 2° 44' E. Lat. 50° 32' N.
Beth-zur, in Sac. Geog. t. on the mountains in
the tribe of Judah, between Jerusalem and He-
bron.
Belley, t. Eng. in Stafibrdshire, 4 m. fr, Newcas-
tle-under-Line.
Betlis, t. A. Turkey, near Lake Van, 100 m. N.
Mosul, 110 E. Diarbekir. The population of the
town and neighbouring villages is computed at
26,000 Kurds, Turks, Armenians, and Syrians.
Lon. 42° 31' E. Lat. 37° 45' N.
Bettenhausen, v. Germany, in Saxe-Meiningen,
6 m. W. Meiningen. Pop. 6,520.
Bettenhoven, i. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
8 m. E. Juliers.
Bet Hah, district. Hind, in Bahar, between lat.
27° and 28° N. bounded W. by the river Gun-
duck, E. by the district of Tyrhoot. Bettiah city
is the capital. Lon. 84° 26' E. Lat. 27° 3' xN.
Betton's Island, in the Pacific, near the coast of
Revilla-Gigedo. Lon. 228° 28' E. Lat. 55° 21' N.
Betlooriah, district. Hind, in Bengal, 100 mi^es
long by about 20 broad, on the N. E. bank of the
Ganges.
Bettsburg, p-v. in Jerusalem, Chenango co.
N. Y.
Bets, t. France, in Oise, 13 m. S. E. Senlis.
Betzkow, t. Hungary, 18 m. W. Topoltzan.
Bevagna, t. Pope's dominions, in the duchy of
Spoleto, 15 m. N. W. Spoleto.
Beveland, Kortli. and South, two islands of Neth-
erland?, in Zealand, formed by the branches of
the Scheldt.
Becer, r. Hanover, falls into the Ems, between
West Bevern and Munster.
Bei-ercn, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 15 m. N.
N. E. Dendermonde. Pop. 4,930.
Beverley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Its principal
trade is in corn and coal. 9 m. N. W. Hull, 30
E. S. E. York, 128 N. London. Pop. 6,035.
Beverly, i. Y^ork co. Upper Canada, S. W. York.
Beverly, p-t. Essex co. Mass. li m. N. Salem,
16 m. N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 4,608. It is con-
nected with Salem by a handsome bridge, 1500
feet long. It has a bank ; and 4 meeting-houses :
3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The
inhabitants are extensively engaged in the fishe-
ries.
Beverly, p-t. and cap. Randolph cp. Va. 254 m.
N. W. Richmond.
Bevern, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruns-
wick, 20 m. W. Eimbeck. Pop. 1,050.
Bevcrungen, t. Prussian states, in the princi-
pality of Paderborn, on the Weser, at the influx
of the Bever, 24 m. S. E. Paderborn.
Beverwyck, v. Netherlands, 9 m. N. Haarlem.
Bevilacqua, t. Italy, iu Verona, 28 m. S. W.
Padua.
Bevry, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais.
Beuielspach, t. Wirtemberg, 8 m. S. E. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,560.
Beufhen, Upper, t. of the Prussian states, in Si-
lesia, 40 m. S. E. Oppeln. Lon. 18° 53' E. Lat,
50" 18'N. Pop. 1,900.
Beuthen, Lower, t. Silesia, on the Oder, 13 m.
W. N. W. Great Glogau. Pop. 2,730. Lon. 15"
50' E. Lat. 51° 42' N.
Beutschen, t. Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of Posen, 44 m. W. Posen.
Beuseville, v. France, in Eure, 38 m. N. W.
Evreux.
Bevdley, t. Eng. in Worre«terphire,onthe Ser-
106
B I C
B I G
eYn, 33 m. W. Kidderminster, 14 N. Worcester.
Pop. 3,454. ,
Bex, V. Switzerland, in Vaud, 43 m. S. S. W.
Bern.
Beyenjletk, v. Denmark, in tlie duchy of Hol-
itein, 5 m. N. W. Gluckstadt.
Beyhar, t. Bengal, cap. of Cooch Behar, on the
banks ol the Torssha, in lat. 26° 18' N. Ion. 89°
22' E.
Beyla, v. Africa, 60 m. N. E. Scnnaar.
Bcypour, t. Iliud. on tlic coast of Malabar, 16
m. S. Calicut.
Beyramitch, city, Asia Minor, cap. of Troas,
60 m. fr. the Dardanelles.
Bezek, in Sac. Geog. t. S. of Bethlehem.
Beziers, t. France, on the canal of Languedoc.
Pop. 12,500. 14 m. N. E. Narbonne, 38 S. W.
Montpelier.
Bezoara, t. Hind, on the Kiishna, 15 m. S. E.
Condapilly.
Bhadrinathf t. Hind, in Serinaghur, on the W.
bank of the Alcanunda river. The concourse of
persons is said to be annually 50,000, who make
their offerings at the shrine of the temple here.
Lon. 79° 38' E. Lat. 30° 43' N.
Bhalg07ig, city, Hind, in Nepaul. It contains
12,000 houses of brick, and is the residence and
seat of learning of tlie Brahmins of Nepaul.
Bhurtpore, t. Hind, in Agra, cap. of the Jaut
chief. Lon. 77° 28' E. Lat. 27° 13' N.
Biafara, district, Africa, S. E.of Benin.
Biafaras. See Bissagos.
Biala, r. separates Bilitz, in Austrian Silesia,
from Galicia, and falls into the Vistula ; another,
runs into the Dunajetz.
Biala, t. Austrian empire, in Galicia, 16 m. N.
E. Fescher. Pop. 2,720.
Biala, t. in the kingdom of Poland, 16 m. S. W.
Brzesc. Pop. 2,720.
B ialocerkiev, t. Russia, 60 m. S. S. W. Kiev.
Lon. 30° 10' E. Lat. 49° 44' N.
Bialogrod, t. Russia, in Wilna, 8 m. S. E. Lida,
Bialykamen, t. Austria, in Galicia, near the
:50urce of the Bug, 25 m. E. N. E. Lemberg.
Bialystock, t. Russia, in Grodno, 24 m. N. Bi-
elsk. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat. 53° 2' N. Pop. 5,000.
Biaiia, ancient city of Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77°
W E. Lat. 26° 56' N.
Bianco, isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast of
Istria. Lon. 13^^ 39' E. Lat. 45° 16' N.
Bianco, Lo, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 m.
N. E. Bova.
Biantrate, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. W. Novara.
Bibbiena, t. Tuscany, 15 m. N. Arezzo, 26 E.
Florence.
Biber, r. Suabia, falls into the Danube, near
Leipheim.
Biberach, t. in Wirtemberg, in the district of
the Danube, in a fertile and agreeable valley on
the river Riess. It is not ibrtihed, but has suf-
fered severely in the wars of the I7th and 18th
centuries. 18 m. S. S. E. Ulm, 48 W. S. W.
Augsburg. Lon. 9° 47' E. Lat. 48° 7'N. Pop. 4,350.
Biberbach, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper
Danube, 9 m. fr. Augsburg. Pop. 1,200.
Biberist, v. Switzerland, in Solothurn.
Biberstein, t. Switzerland, in Bern.
Bibiana, v. Piedmont, near Lucerna.
Bic, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m. below
Quebec.
Bicaneer, district, Hind, in Ajmeer, between
lat 28"^ and 30° N. and lon. 72° and 75° E.
Bicester, t. Eng. Oxfordshire, 58 m. W. N. W.
London. Pop. 1,921.
Bichao, r. falls into the Orinoco from the W,
near the falls of Atures.
Bickcrstaff] 1. Eng. Lancashire, 3 m.fr. Ormskirk.
Bickerloii' s, or Latlai Island, in the Pacific.
Lon. 174° 48' W. Lat. 18° 47' S.
Bicocca, V. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 2 m.
N. E. Milan.
Bidache, t. France, 16 m. E. Bayonne. Pop.
Bidassoa, r. separates Spain from France ; and
falls into the bay of Biscay, between Andaye and
Fontarabia.
Biddeford, s-p. York co. Maine, on Saco river,
opposite Saco, 28 m. N. E. York. Pop. 1,563.
Biddle Lake, the S. W. head of Bighorn river.
Bideford, s-p. Eng. Devonsliire, 9 m. fr. Barn-
staple. Pop. 3,244.
Bidourle, r. France, falls into the Mediterra-
nean, E. of Montpelier.
Bidouse, r. France, runs into the Adour, near
Bayonne.
Bidumi, district, Syria, bounded N. by Pales-
tine, W. by Egypt, and E. and S. by Arabia.
Biedenkopf, t. of the grand duchy of Hesse, 15
m. N, W. Marburg. Pop. 2,600.
Bieka, or Crab, one of the Virgin islands, 9 m.
E. S. E. Porto-Riro. Lon. 65° 15' W. Lat. 18° N.
Bielefeld, t. of the Prussian states, in the prov-
ince of Westphalia. The chief trade is in linen.
22 m. N. Lippstadt, 25 E. Munster. Lon. 8° 27'
E. Lat. 51° 53' N.
Bielew, t. Russia, on the Oka, 65 m. ^^\ S. W.
Thoula.
Bielgorod, t. Russia, in Kursk, 68 m. S. S. W.
Kursk. Lon. 35° 54' E. Lat. 50° 55' N.
Biella, or Bioglio, t. Piedmont, 2ji m. N. W.
Vercelli, 35 N.N. E. Turin. Pop. 8,250.
Bieloi, isl. Russia, in the sea of Karskoe. Lon.
69° 14' E. Lat. 73^-40' N.
Bieloi, t. Russia, in Smolensko, 50 m. N. N. E.
Smolensko.
Bido-Ozero, lake, Russia, in Novgorod; the
Scheksna flows from it S. to the Volga.
Bielopolje, t. Russia, in Charkov, 88 m. N. N.
W. Charkov. Pop. 9,050.
Bielosersk, t. Russia, in Novgorod, on lake Bie-
lo-Ozero, 64 m. N. E. Vologda. Lon. 38° 14' E.
Lat. 59° 52 N. Pop. 2,800.
Bielsk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 108 m. E. N. E.
Warsaw. Lon. 23° 15' E. Lat. 52° 40' N. Pop.
2,830.
Bien7ie, or Biel, t. Switzerland, in Bern, 15 m.
N. W. Bern.
Bientina, t. Tuscany, 15 m. E. Pisa.
Bierjliel, t. Netherlands, on an island in the
West Scheldt, 12 m. N. E. Sluys, 20 N. Ghent.
Pop. 1,100.
Bierley, J^orth, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m. from
Bradford. Pop. 4,766.
Biesbosch, a large lake or arm of the sea, be-
tween Dort and Gertruydenburg, in S. Holland,
which was formed in the year 1421, by the burst-
ing of the dykes.
Bicrsenthall, t. Prussia, 18 m. N. E. Berlin.
Pop. 1,000.
Bielighcim, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence of
the Metter and the Enz. 15 m. N. Stutgard.
Pop. 2,200.
Biferno, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Venice^,
near Termoli.
Bigbajj-setllemcnt, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois.
B I K
B I L
107
Sigbearer creek. See Mahoning.
Bigblack, r. Missisippi, runs S. W. 170 miles,
und falls into the Missisippi at the Great Gulf j
oO m. above Natchez. It is navigable, in wet sea-
sons, 70 miles.
Bigblue, V. Indiana, runs into the Ohio, about 16
m. W. Corydon.
Bighone creek, Ken. runs N. into the Ohio in
Boone co. Big-bone-Licks is 8 miles above its
moutli, and is a tract of land on each side of the
river, furrowed by the tongues of the buffaloes
and deer, who lick it for the salt with which it is
impregnated. Bones were found here, [among
them a thigh-bone 49 inches long,] of some animal,
inferred to be 5 or 6 times larger than the elephant,
and to becarniverous, from an examination of the
tusks. In Yale college, Connecticut, a tooth of
the animal is deposited.
Big-dry, r. North- America, runs into the Mis-
souri, 160 m. above the Yellow Stone.
Big-fiats, p-v. in Elmira, Tioga co. N. Y.
Bighorn River, North America, rises in the
Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte,
and falls into the Yellow Stone, at Manuel's fort.
Its length is 800 miles. In its course it receives
two considerable rivers, one from the W. and
one from the S. called little Bighorn river. It is
unobstructed by falls, and is navigable to a great
distance in canoes, Oirough a rich open country.
Biggar, t. Scotland, in Lanark, 27 m. S. W.
Edinburgh. Pop. 1,376.
Bigglcsuade, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, on the
Ivel, which is navigable to this place. 45 m. N.
liOndon. Pop. 1,89.5.
Big-lick, p-v. Botetourt co. Va.
Bigprairic, t. New Madrid co. Missouri.
Bigriver, t. St. Genevieve co. Missouri.
Bigriver, t. Jefferson co. Missouri.
Bigrock, t. Arkansaw territory, extends 80 miles
along Arkansaw river.
Big-Sajtdy, creek, Geo. runs into the Oconee,
about 20 miles above Dublin.
Big Sandy, r. rises in the Alleghany mountains,
near the heads of the Tennessee and Cumberland
rivers, and falls into the Ohio between Virginia
and Kentucky. It is the boundary between
these States for nearly 200 miles. It is nav-
igable to tiie Wascioto mountains. The east
branch joins the South or main stream 40 miles
above its entrance into the Ohio. The mouth of
Little Sandy river is 20 miles below that of Big
Sandy.
Big Scioux, r. falls into the Missouri from the
north, 882 miles aliovc its mouth.
Big springs, p-v. Washington co. Md.
Big-Muddy-creck, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois.
Biguba, a small kingdom of West Africa, on the
Rio Grande.
Big-Walnut, creek, Ohio, runs into the E. side
of the Scioto, 12 m. below Columbus.
Bihar, a county of Hungary, bordering upon
Transylvania on the east.
Bija, r. Russia, issues from the lake Teletskoi,
in Kolhyvane, and joining the Katunia at Katun-
skaia, is called the Ob, or Oby.
Bijaghur, fort, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 83°
10'E.Lat.24°3rN.
Bijore, a small Afghan district, in Cabul.
Bijore, cap. Bijore district, 53 m. from the riv-
er Indus. Lon. 70° 43' E. Lat. 34° 8' N.
Bijugas. See Bissagos.
Bikbulakova, t. Russia, in Upha, on the Ik. 80
m. N. E. Orenburg.
Btkillam, isl. in the Red sea, 24 m. from tlu;
Arabian coast. Lat. 16° 18' N.
Bilboa, or Bilbao, t. Spain, the capital of Biscay
proper, is on the Ybaiclialbal, 6 m. from the sea.
It is well built, has a spacious harbour, and 15,000
inhabitants. It carries on an extensive com-
merce, the wool of Spain being mostly exported
through this channel to England, France, Hol-
land, and other countries, whde the whole of the
north of Spain is supplied, through it, with foreign
merchandize. The imports are stock-fish, Baltic
hemp, materials for ship-building, ship stores,
cocoa, sugar, coffee, linen, English woollen manu-
factures, drugs, French wines, &:c. There are
generally imported about 160 cwt. of salt fish, and
6000 barrels of train oil. The number of vessels^
great and small, that visit the harbour yearly, ir^
between 500 and 600. 220 m. N. Madrid. Lon,
2'=' 42' W. Lat. 43° 14' 15" N.
Biledulgerid, the usual name given to an exten-
sive region of Africa, situated immediately S. of
Algiers and Tunis. It forms the transition from the
fertile plains of Barbary, to that desert of sand which
covers interior Africa. The only produc't is dates,
which supplies the inhabitants with food, aiid ena-
bles them, by exchange, to procure the small
quantity of foreign commodities of which they
make use. These tribes are under a species of
nominal subjection to the neighbouring states of
Algiers and 'I'uni.-, tiiough it scarcely amounts to
more tlian the payment of an annual tribute,
which some of them even refuse to pay.
Bilgam, s-p. on the S. W. coast of Ceylon Lou«
80° 32' E. Lat. 6° N.
Bilitz, a small principality in Austrian Silesia,
on the borders of Poland. The town of Bilitz is on
the river Bialy, 15 m. E. N. E. Testhen. Lou.
18° 59' E. Lat. 49° 48' N.
Bill-Birds- Key, isl. in the Spanish Main, on the
Mosquito shore. Lon. 82° 54' W. Lat. 12° 16' N.
Bille, r. Germany, falls into the Elbe near Ham-
burgh.
Billeniay, t. Eng. in Essex, 24 m. E. London.
Billerica, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 19 m. N.
Boston. Pop-l>289.
Billesdon, i. Eng. 8 m. E. Leicester.
Bilkton, isl. between Sumatra and Borneo.
Lon. 108° E. Lat. 3° S.
Billighcim, t. of the Bavarian dominions, in the
circle of the Rhine, 4 m. S. Landau, 16 S. W.
Spires. Pop. 1,000.
Billington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. fromi
Blackburn.
Billon, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 12 m. E. S.
E. Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,200.
Billounjah, district. Hind, in Gundwana. Lat.
24° and 25° N. Lon. 84° and 85° E.
Bills, rock in the Atlantic, near the W. coast of
Ireland. Lon. 10° 1' W. Lat. 53° 52' N.
Billimead, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 38 m. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 433.
Bilma, a desert of Africa, between Bornou and
Fezzan. Caravans are ten days in crossing it.
Bilsah, t. Hind, in Mulwah, on the river Bet-
wah. Lon. 77° 50' E. Lat. 23° 33' N.
Bilsen, t Netherlands, 14 m. N. Liege. Pop.
1,950.
Bilskoi, t. Siberia, on the Balaia, 90 m. N. W.
Irkutsk.
Bilstein, t. Prussian states, in the province of
Westphalia, 42 m. E. Cologne. Lon. 8° 8' E.
Lat. 51° N.
Bilston, t. Eng. in Staffordshire. Near it are val-
lOS
B I R
B I R
uable quarries of free stone ; aUo productive mines
of coal and ironstone, and furnaces are erected for
smelting iron ore. Here are manufactories for
japanned enamelled goods, and iron ware. 1 1 m.
N. W. Birmingham, 121 N. W. London. Pop.
9,646.
Bilslon, t. Eng. in Suflfolk, 9 m. from Ipswich,
11 N. E. Sudbury.
Bima, t on the N. E. extremity of the island of
Sunibava, ou a fine basin. The British have ap-
pointed a resident hei-e. Lon. 118° 51' E. Lat. 8°
!24' S.
Bime, temple and fort, Hind, in Nagercote.
Lon. 75° 42' E. Lat. 32° 20' N.
Bimini, one of the Bahama Isles. Lon. 79° 30'
W. Lat. 250 jj.
Bimlipatam, s-p. Hind, in the Northern Circars,
12 or 15 m. from Vizagapatam.
Bina, t. Italy, on the Ogiio, 10 m. N. E. Cre-
mona.
Binaros, s-p. Spain, in Valencia^ on the Medi-
terranean, 30 m. S. E. Tortosa.
Binasco, t. Italy, 10 m. S. E. Milan.
Binbrook, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada.
Binche, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Haye. Pop. 3,800. 12m. S. E. Mons.
Bingazi, s-p. Barca, in Africa, formerly a large
and beautiful city, but now much reduced. It
has a harbour for ships of 200 tons burden, and is
defended by a wall and castle. Lon. 20° E. Lat.
32° 20' N. Pop. 5,000.
Bingen, t. in the grand duchy of Hesse, on the
Pihine, near the influx of the Nahe, 19 m. W.
JVIentz, 30 S. Coblentz, 54 E. Treves. Lon. 7°
48' E. Lat. 49° 55' N.
Bingenheim, in the grand duchy of Hesse, 12
m. S. S. E. Giessen, 16 N. N. E. Frankfort on Uie
Maine.
Bingham, t. Eng. in Nottingham co. 9 m. E.
Nottingham. Pop. 1,326.
Bingham, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Ken-
nebec, 26 m. N. Norridgewock.
Bingham Point, the N. W. point of King
George I lid's, archipelago. Lon. 223° 44' E. Lat.
58° 4' N.
Binghamfon, p-v. and cap. Broome co. N. Y. at
4he junction of tlie Chenango and Unadilla rivers ;
40 ra. S. W. Norwich, 148 S. W. Albany.
Bingley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 16 m. N. Leeds.
Pop. 4,782
Bintang, isl. off the S. coast of Malacca, at the
entrance of the straits of Sincapore. Lon. 104°
30' E. Lat. 1° 2' N.
Biobio, r. Chili, rises in the Andes, and enters
the South sea, 2 leagues fr. tlie bay of Conception.
Biograd, decayed place in Dalmatia. Its har-
bor is capacious and secure, 18 m. S. E. Zara.
Biollc, t. Savoy, 12 m. N. Chamberry.
Biollio, t. Piedmont, 8 m. E. Biella.
Bionuborg, s-p. Russian Finland, on the gulf
of Bothnia, 65 m. N. of Abo. Lon. 2° 43' E. Lat.
610 30'N.
Bir. See Beer.
Birbhoom, district, Bengal, 85 miles long, by 30
broad. It is bounded N. by Monghir and Piaje-
mahl, S. by Burdwan and Pachete, E. by Rajishy,
and W. by Pachete. Nagore was formerly tlie
capital, but the civil authorities now reside at
Surool.
Birch Bay^ on the N. W. coast of America, in
the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 33' E. lat. 48° 53'
N.
Birchin^ion, s-p. Eng. in isle of Thanet, coun-
ty of Kent, a member of the port of Dora', 4 m;^
W. Margate.
Bird, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Bird, island, in the N. Pacific ocean, lon. 19&^
8' E. lat. 23° 6' N. another in the S. Pacific, lon.
216° 24' E. lat. 17° 48' S. another on the coast of
Ireland, lon. 5" 28' W. lat. 54° 28' N. another on
the same coast, lon. 9°40' W. lat. 51° 28' N. another
near the coast of Sumatra, lon. 97° 25' E. lat. 1"
39' N. another in the S. Pacific, lon. 38° 22' W.
lat. 54° S. another in the Indian sea, lon. 54° 40'
E. lat. 3° 40' S. another on the coast of Africa, lat.
24° 20' S. another in the gulf of St. Lawi'ence, lon.
60° 45' W. lat. 47° 55' N. another in tlie Caribbe-
an sea, lon. 64° W. lat. 15° 40' N.
Bird islands, a cluster of islands in tlie Carib-
bean sea, lon. 66° 50' W. lat. 12° N. another, lon.
67° 46' W. lat. 11°50'N.
Birdsborough, t. Berks co. Pa. on the S. side of
the Schuylkill, 8 m. below Reading.
Birdsville, p-v. Burke co. Geo.
Biredgick. See Beer.
Birkenfeld, v. of the Prussian states,' in Vne
grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, 25 m. E. S. E,
Treves, 30 N. N. W. Deux-Ponts. Lon. 6° 59' E.
Lat. 49° 35' N. Pop. 1,060.
Birket-el-Cairun. See Caroon.
Birket-el-Marioub. See Marcotis.
Birkin Islands, in the North sea, E. of Lewis.
Lon. 6° 20' W. lat. 58° 6' N.
Birmah, Burmah, or Binnan empire, a power-
ful empire of Asia, the limits of which are not ac-
curately known, but it is supposed to extend from
lon. 92° to 102° E. and from lat. 9° to 26° N. It
is bounded N. by Assam and Thibet ; E. by Laos
and Siam ; S. by Malaya ; W. by the bay of Ben-
gal, and a range of mountains, which separates it
from British India. It is about 1,200 mdes long
from N. to S. but varies much in breadth. This
empire is of modern origin, and includes the an-
cient kingdoms of Ava, Pegu, and Arracan. It is
situated niostly between the tropics, but being a
hilly country does not suffer from heat or from in-
undations like Hindoostan, and is therefore more
favorable to European constitutions. The soil
produces all kinds of grain and vegetables, and all
the tropical fruits ; but its principal production is
the celebrated teak timber, or Indian oak, which
is said to be more durable, and to resist the worms
better, than any wood that is known. The manu-
factures consist chiefly of cotton and silk goods,
saltpetre, gunpowder, and various kinds of pottery.
The principal river is the Irawaddy. The
principal ports are Arracan, Negrais, Rangoon,
Sjrriam, Tavoy and Merguis ; but tlie government
is so jealous of foreigners, that all commerce with
Europeans is confined to Rangoon. The ancient
capital was Ava. The present capital is Umra-
poora, on the Irawaddy, 400 miles from its mouth.
The population of Birmali is uncertain, but ha"?
been estimated at 17,000,000. The army in
peace consists of only a few thousand cavalry, but
on any emergency, every village is obliged to fur-
nish soldiers according to its population. The
principal strength of the Birmans consists of war
boats, built very long and naiTow, carrying from
30 to 60 armed men, and having a piece of canno»
on their prow.
The government is despotic. In religion, thje
Birmans are followers of Boodh, and have numer-
ous temples and idols. The character of the Bir-
mans is very different from that of their neighbors,
the Hindoos. They are a lively, passionate and in-
B I R
telligent race of men. Their mode of punishin*
crimes is of the most horrid kind. Among the
modes of inflicting capital punishment are, be-
heading, crucifying, starving to death, ripping
open the body, sawing it in two, pouring red hot
lead down tlie throat, plunging into hot oil, and
roasting to death by a slow fire. The milder pun-
ishments are putting out the eyes, cutting off the
tongue, the hands, feet, ears, nose, &c. The
lives and property of travellers are very insecure
in this country, the principal roads and rivers be-
ing infested with robbers and murderers.
The American Baptists have supported a mis-
sion at Rangoon in this country since 1814, but its
continuance is very uncertain. Obstacles have
been thrown in the way of the missionaries by the
government, and an application which they made
to the emperor, in 1820, for permission to preach
the Gospel, was rejected.
Birmingham., a market t. England, in War-
wiclishire, 62 m. N. W. Oxford, 87 N. Bristol, and
109 N. N. W. London. It is one of the first manu-
facturing towns in Europe, and is particularly
celebrated for articles of hardware. It is hard-
ly possible to describe the various processes adopt-
ed in this wealthy and populous place, for abridg-
ing labour. They comprehend every complica-
ted and ingenious contrivance, from the most
ponderous machines, such as steam engines, down
to those which are framed for operations of the
most nice and minute accuracy. Under the in-
fluence of this powerful machinery, the rude ma-
terial of iron is manufactured into all sorts of use-
ful implements. A coining mill was erected here
in 1788, which has since been improved so as to
work eight machines, and is now capable of strik-
ing between 30,000 and 40,000 pieces of money in
the space of an hour. Muskets occupy a consid-
erable number of workmen, and no less than
14,500 have been delivered per week into the
ordnance office for the use of government.
Buttons of all descriptions are manufactured ;
and it is said, that at the pin- works 12,000 pins
can be cut and pointed in an hour. Steel screws,
watch chains, and vast quantities of toys are like-
wise manufactured ; and human industry is turn-
ed to such account, that not only great numbers
of women find employment, but children only a
few years old, can assist in some of the operations.
There are very extensive brass founderies, manu-
factories for whips, and many others too numerous
to be mentioned. Commerce is much assisted by
several canals, which are of the most essential ser-
service, by enabling the town to carry on a direct
intercourse with distant countries, instead of tra-
ding with them through the medium of the me-
tropolis.
Birmingham is not an incorporated town, and,
notwithstanding its size and importance, has no
representation in parliament. Population 85,753.
The average of intennents for six years, ending
1801, was found to be as 1 to 59, whereas in Lon-
don it was as 1 to 31, and in Manchester as 1 to 37.
Dr. Price considered Birmingham one of the
healthiest towns in England. Birmingham has 3
churches and 5 chapels connected with the estab-
lishment, and 2 places of worship for Unitarians, 3
for Independents, 4 for Baptists, 3 for Methodists,
2 for Roman Catholics and 2 for Jews. Among
the public institutions are several flourishing
schools, a work house on a large scale, a general
hospital, » dispeunary for the relief of indigent sick
B I S
100
persons, a society for the relief of deaf and dumb
children, an institution for the relief of persons la-
boring under bodily deformities, and a handsome
theatre.
Birmingham, t. Delaware co. Pa. on Brandy-
wine creek ; Pop. 586.
Birmingham^ p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Birmingham, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 290.
Birmingham, p-t. Huntingdon co. Pa. 18 m. N.
AV. Huntingdon.
Birna, r. Asia, forms the southern boundary of
Pera, and flows into the straits of Malacca.
Bimam, hill, Scotland, in Perthshire.
Biron, t. France, in Dordogne, 73 m. E. Bour-
deaux.
Birr, formerly called Parsons' Town, Ireland,
King's CO. 34 m. N. E. Limerick.
Birs, r. Switzerland, falls into the Rhine near
Basle.
Birsen^ t. Russia, in Wilna, 45 m. S. E. Mittau.
Birstein, t. Austrian dominions, 27 m. E. N. E.
Frankfort on the Maine.
Birt, or Biridgek, t. Turkey, on the Euphrates.
Pop. 3 or 4,000. 60 m. fr. Orfa
Birt. See Brit.
Birlhin, r. Eng. falls into the Usk, in Mon-
mouthshire.
B'irtley, t. Eng. 9 m. fr. Durham.
Bisaccia, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 40 m.
E Benevento.
Biscara, t. Algiers, 150 m. S. S. E. Algiers.
Biscay, a province of Spain ; in the most ex-
tended sense, it comprises the 3 provinces of Alava,
Guipuscoa, and Biscay proper, and is bounded E.
by France, N. by the bay of Biscay, W. by Las
Montanas de Santander, and S. by Burgos. Bis-
cay preserves a marked distinction from the rest
of Spain, and though each of its component parts
has its own constitution, the whole forms a kind of
separate state, governed by a provincial assembly,
according to ancient laws and usages. The king
of Spain, who is simply styled lord of Biscay, haa
no right to impose taxes, but a demand is made in
his name, and the supply is granted in the shape of
adonative, or free gift; the manner of raising it re-
maining with the provincial states. So jealous
are the Biscayans of their liberties, that no cus-
tom-house was allowed till lately within the prov-
ince. Population, 310,758 Chief places, Bil-
boa, in Biscay proper ; Vittoria, in Alava ; and
St. Sebastian, in Guipuscoa.
Biscay Proper, a district of the foregoing prov-
ince, is inclosed by the bay of Biscay, Old Castile,
Alava, and Guipuscoa. Pop. 120,000. The
coast is inhabited by seafaring people and fish-
ermen ; and in the interior, immense quanti-
ties of iron are extracted from the ore, and
wrought into different articles. The foreign trade
of the province is carried on at Bilboa.
Biscay, Bay of, that part of the Atlantic ocean
which lies between the island of Ushant in
France, and Cape Ortegal in Spain. It washes
the west coast of France, and the north coast of
Spain.
Biscay, Bay of, on the S. coast of Newfoundland,
between Cape Race and Cape Pine. Lon. 53° 6'
W.lat. 46O50'N.
Biscay, JVew, formerly a province of New
Spain, and now forming part of the intendancy of
Durango.
Biscayno, isl. in the gulf of Florida. Lon. 80'^
23' W. lat. 25° 55' N.
110
B I S
B L A
Bischofsheim, t. Germany, in Baden, on the
Tauber, 32 m. E. Heidelberg, 64 S. E. Mentz.
Lon. 9° 40. E. lat. 49° 34' N.
Bischofsheim, v. Germany, in the territory of
Frankfort on the Maine, 6 m. E. N. E. Franldbrt.
Bischofsheim-am-Hamn, v. France, in Lower
Rhine, 2 m. N. Strasburg.
Bischofstein, t. E. Prussia, 42 m. S. Konigsberg.
Bischofswerda, t. Saxony, on an island in the
river Wesenitz, 20 m. E. Dresden.
Bischofswerder, t. Prussia, 63 m. S. S. E. Dant-
zic.
Bischofs-Zell, t. Switzerland, in Thurgau, 12 m.
S. Constance.
Bischweiler, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 10 m.
N. Strasburg. Pop. 3^400.
Biseglia, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, near the
Adriatic. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 10,600.
6 m. E. of Trani.
Bisentina, isl. Italy, in the lake of Bolsena.
Biseniz, t. Moravia, 14 m. S. W. Hradisch.
Pop. 2,350.
Biser, r. Russia, in Perm.
Bisert, t. Russia, 80 m. S. S. E. Perm.
Bishbesh, t. Egypt, 40 m. N. E. Cairo. It ap-
pears to be the ancient Bubaste, celebrated for its
religious rites and Bacchanalian orgies. The re-
mains are still stupendous.
Bishop and his Clerks, rocks off the coast of
Wales, at the entrance of St. George's channel.
Lon. 5° 20' W, lat. 51° 54' N.
Bishop's Castle, t. Eng. in Salop, 16 ra. S. S. W.
Shrewsbury. Pop. 1,367.
Bishop'' s Island, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9° 35' VV. lat. 52° 38' N.
Bishop'' s Islands, among the Hebi'ides. Lon. 7°
35' W. lat. 56° 48' N.
Bishopside, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3m. fi*. Rippon.
Bishop Stortford, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, on a
canal, which communicates with the Lea, 30 m.
N. London. Pop. 2,680.
Bishop'' s Waltham, t. Eng. in Southampton, 10
m. S. S. E. Winchester. Pop. 1,530.
Bishop Wearmouth, parish, Eng. in Durham.
Pop. 7,000. 1 2i m. fr. Durham.
Bisignano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 14 m.
N. Coscnza. Lon. 16° 33' E. lat. 39° 32' N.
Bislcy, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire. Pop. 4,757.
10 m. S. S. E. Gloucester.
Bisnagar, or Annagoondy, city, Hind, on the S.
bank of the river Toombudra ; formerly populous,
but now in ruins. 260 m. fr. Seringapatam, 386
fr. Madras. Lon, 76° 34' E. Lat. 15° 14' N.
Bisnee, district. Hind, lying between Bengal
and Assam, on the N. side of the Brahmapootra
river, between 26° and 27° N. lat.
Bisnee, t. Boo tan, near the borders of Bengal,
186 m. N. E. Moorshedabad. Lon. 90° 46' E. Lat.
26° 28' N.
Bissagos, a group of small islands, which lie off
the W. coast of Africa, near the mouth of the
Rio Grande. See Bvlama.
Bissao, one of the Bissagos islands, 40 miles
long by 30 wide. Lon. 14° 10' W. Lat. 11°
24' N.
Bissolee, t. Hind, capital of a district, in the
province of Lahore, on the Ravy. It is fortified,
and commands the road, to the Northern moun-
tains. Lon. 74° 42' E. Lat. 32° 22' N.
Bissuntpore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, at the junc-
tion of the Dewah and Ganges. Lon. 84° 40' E.
Lat. 23° 40' N.
Bissunlpore Golahy t. Bengal, on the Gaiigen
Lon. 87° 52' E. Lat. 25° 20' N.
Bisiineau, lake, Louisiana, communicates ou
the South with Red river, and receives Dacheet
river on the North.
Bislrianka, t. Russian Tartary, on the Don, 100
m. E. N. E. Azoph.
Bistritz, r. runs between Transylvania, Buko-
wine, and Moldavia, and falls into the Sereth.
Bistritz, roval free town in I'ransylvania, 42 m.
N. N. E. Clausenburg, 236 E. Vienna. Lon. 23°
54' E. Lat. 47° 14' N, Pop. 4,000.
Bistritza, r. Austrian Gaiicia, falls into the
Dniester at Mariempol.
Bisuga, r. Russian Tartary, runs into the sea of
Azoph, 48 m. S. W. Eiskoi.
Bifello, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, 10 m. S. S.
W. Bari. Lon. 16° 46' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Bitford, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, on the Avon,
7 m. W. S. W. Stratford.
Bithynia, in Sac. Geog. a province of Lesser
Asia, bordering on Phrygia and the Euxine sea.
Its principal cities are Prusa, Nice, and Nico-
media.
Bilonto, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, 8 m. S.
Bari. Lon. 16° 40' E. Lat. 41° 12' N. Pop.
13,700.
Bitsch, t. France, in Moselle, at the foot of the
Vosges mountains. It was fortified by Vauban,
and was one of the barrier fortresses delivered
over for a limited time to the Allies, by the con-
vention of Paris in 1815. 16 m. E. S. E. Sai-gue-
mines, 18 E. Weissembourg. Lon. 7° 30' E. Lat.
49° 4' N.
Bittburg, {Beda,') t. of the Prussian states, in
the Lower Rhine, 30 m. N. E. Luxemburg.
Biiterfeld, t. of the Prussian states, on the Mul-
da, 16 m. S. Dessau. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat. 51°
39' N.
Bivoras, or Pedro Shoals, on the Spanish main,
30 m. S. Jamaica. Lon. 77° to 78° 20' W. Lat.
17° 18' N.
Bizarre Isle, at the entrance of Ottawa river
into the St. Lawrence, N. of Montreal.
Bizerta, t. Tunis, on the site of the ancient
Hippo, 30 m. N. Tunis. Lon. 9° 48' E. Lat. 37°
10' N.
Blackburn, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the Der-
went. The manufactory of cotton goods is very
extensive ; about 25,000 pieces are made weekly,
which gives employment to 13,000 persons. The
Leeds and Liverpool canal passes by this town,
and is of essential service to its trade. Pop. in
181 1, 15,083. 42 m. N. E. Liverpool.
Blackburn-Springs, p-v. Jackson co. Ten.
Black creek, S. C. runs into the Pedee in Libcir-
ty county.
Blackfoot Indians, about 5,500 in number, near
the source of the Missouri, at the foot of the Rocky
Mountains ; and wandering over them to the
West.
Blackford, t. Posey co. Indiana.
Blackliall Head, the N. cape, at the entrance of
Banlry bay. Lon. 9° 55' W. Lat. 51° 32' N.
Blackhead, the S. cape of Galway bay. Lon. 9°
11' W. Lat. 53° 7' N.
Blackhedth, hamlet, Eng. on an open and ele-
vated situation, at the N. W. extremity of the
county of Kent.
Blackhealh, p-t. Randolph co. Illinois.
Blackhorse, p-v. Burlington co. N. J. 12 m. fr.
Trenton.
B L A
B L A
111
— Black-horse-tavern, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Black Lake, or Oswegatchie, N. Y. iu St. Law-
rence CO. It IS about 20 miles long, and 1 or 2
wide. It is the expansion of Indian river, and
eoniinnnicates by an outlet 3 miles long, with Os-
wegatchie river, 7 miles above its enti-aoce into
the St. Lawrence.
Black Lake, r. Louisiana, rises in the N. W.
part of the state, passes through Black Lake,
which is 15 or 20 miles long, and joins the Saline,
8 m. i\.E. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de
bon Dieu.
Blackley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. E.
Manchester. Pop. 2,389.
Black Lick, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 965.
Black Lick, r. Ohio, joins the Big Walnut 9 m.
above its entrance into the Scioto, and 10 S. E.
Columbus.
Blackness, v. Scotland, in Linlithgow, on the S.
bank of t!ie Forth, 15 m. W. Edinburgh.
Block Kib, cape, on the E. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 5° 24' W. Lat. 54° 21' N.
Black River, Vt. runs into Lake Memphrama-
gog; another, runs into the Connecticut at Spring-
field.
Black river, N. Y. runs into Lake Ontario
above Sacketts-harbor, in Hungry-bay, after a
northerly course of 120 miles. At the junction
of Moose river, it falls over a precipice 63 feet
high. Long Falls is 45 miles below, and is the
descent of the river by successive pitches of 14,
12, and 24 feet, in a course of 14 miles. Over the
last descent, at Brownville, mills are erected.
The Black river country is fertile, and rapidly
settling.
Black river, N". C. joins Cape Fear river, on the
E. 23 m. above Wilmington.
Black river, Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 30 m. E.
Saudusky-bay.
Black river, Michigan territory, runs into Lake
Michigan, north of the river St. Joseph's
Black river. Big, rises in the heights near the
sources of the Gasconade, and falls into White
river, 50 miles below the town of Lawrence, in
about W. lon. 92°, N. lat. 36°. It is navigable
500 miles, and in its course receives several large
streams from the West. The country on this riv-
er is said to be very fertile, producing wheat,
corn, rye, oats, cotton, and tobacco. Iron ore,
lead, and salt, are every where abundant.
Black river, t. Wayne co. Missouri.
Black River. See Wachita.
Black Rock, isl. in St. George's channel. Lon.
6° 27 W. Lat. 52° 10' N.
Black Rock, harbor, in Fairfield, Ct.
Blackrock, p-v. IN iagara co. N. Y. on the Niag-
ara, 2 m. below Buffalo. It is the station for the
steam boats and other vessels employed in the
navigation of Lake Erie and the Lakes above.
Buffalo has no harbor; but the enterprizinginhabi-
tants are engaged in forming one by projecting a
pier into the Lake.
Blackrode, t. Eng. Lancashire, 5 m. S. Chorley.
Pop. 2,111.
Blacksod Point, Ireland, the S. cape of the Mul-
let. Lon. 9° 52' W. Lat. 54° 61' N.
Blackstone river. See Patucket.
Black Slocks, p-v. Clicster district, S. C.
Black Swamp, p-v. St. Peter's parish, S. C.
Blackwall, hamlet, Eng. adjoining London, on
the E. side of the Thames. Here are very ex-
tensive dock? and yards for shipping. The wet
docks are the most spacious and the best con-
structed of any in Great Britain.
Black Walnut, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Black Warrior, or Cabo, r. Alabama, enters the
Tombigbee from the E. 80 miles above St. Ste-
phens, It is navigable for boats to the falls neai-
iLs source : 500 miles by water from Mobile ;
thence to Huntsville is 120 miles, over a good
road. Goods have been brought from Mobile to
Huntsiille in 30 days.
Blackwatcr, r. Eng. joins the Chelmer at Mai-
den, and flows into Blackwuter bay.
Blackwatcr, r. Ireland, falls into the sea at
Youghall bay.
Blackwatcr, t. Ireland, 5 m. N. N. W. Armagh.
Blackwatcr, r. N. H. (lows into the Contacook,
in Hopkinton.
Blackwatcr, r. Va. joins Nottaway river, 5 m.
above the boundary of N. Carolina.
Bladen, co. N. C. on the S. side of Cape Fear
river. Pop. 5,671, Slaves, 1,985. Chief tEliz-
abethtown.
Bladensburg, p-t. Prince George's co. Md. on
the E. branch of the Potomac at the forks, 6 m.
above Washington city.
Blainville, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. W.
Coutances.
Blainville sur VEau, t. France, on the Meurthe,
12 m. S. E. Nancy.
Blair Athol, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 28 m.
fr. Perth.
Blair Gowrie, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 17 m,
fr. Perth.
Blairsville, p-v. York district, S. C.
Blaisois, district, of Old France, on both sides
of the Loire. Blois was the capital.
Blaison, t. France, on the Loire, in Maine-and-
Loire, 9 m. S. E. Angers. '
Blaize, Cape, W. Florida, between the bays of
Apalache and St. Joseph.
Blakely, p-t. Mobile co. Alabama, on the Ten-
saw or eastern outlet of Mobile river, 6 m. from
Mobile bay, 10 E. N. E. Mobile. Lat. 30° 43' N.
It is a new town, laid out in 1813, and will proba-
bly become the emporium for the commerce of
Alabama, and some portions of the adjoining
states. At present, there is a vigorous rivalry
between this town and Mobile, but Blakely has
some decided advantages. The same wind that
enables a vessel to enter Mobile Bay, will carry
her to the wharves of Blakely, which is not the
case with Mobile. Another advantage is an open
road to the rapidly improving country on Alabama
river. Vessels drawing 12 feet of water can en-
ter the port at full tide. The town is abundantly
supplied with excellent water.
Blakesburg, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. N.
Bangor.
Blamont, t. France, in Meurthe, 16 m.E. Lune-
ville. Pop. 1,860.
Blamont, t. France, in Doubs, 35 m. E. Besan-
con.
Blanc, Mont. See Mont Blanc.
Blanc-en-Berry, Le, t. France, in Indre, on the
Creuse, 32 m. W. S. W. Chateauroux. Lon. V^
8' E. Lat. 46° 38' N.
Blanchardsfork, r. Ohio, the E. branch of the
Auglaize.
Blanckenbergh, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 9
m. N. Bruges.
Blanco, Cape, Eu. Turkey, on the S. coast of
the Morea. Lou. 21° 56' E. Lat. 36° 44' N.
112
B L A
B L O
Blanco, Cape, on the S. coast of Sicily. Lon.
13° 10' E. Lat. 35° 28' N.
Blanco, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain, in As-
turias. Lon. 6° 54' W. Lat. 43° 35' N.
Blanco, Cape, Naples, on the E. coast of Cala-
bria. Lon. 17° 25' E. Lat. 38° 59' N.
Blanco, Cape, W. Africa. Lon. 16° 58' E. Lat.
20° 47' N.
Blanco, Cape, Peru, tlie S. point of the gulf of
Tumbez, or Guayaquil. Lon. 81° 6' W. Lat. 4°
18' S.
Blanco, Cape, S. America, the W. point of tlie
bay of Salinas, Lat. 10° N.
Blanco, Cape, on the N. W. coast of New Al-
bion. Lat. 43° 23' N. Lon, 235° 50' W.
Blandford, t, Eng. in Dorset, on the Stour, 23
xn. W, Salisbury, 103 W. London. Pop. 2,425.
Blardford, t. Oxford co. Upper Canada, on the
Thames.
Blandford, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m, W.
Springfield, Pop. 1,613,
Blandford, t. Prince George co. Va. It is inclu-
ded in the borough of Petersburg, and is on the
Appommatox, below the town, and separated from
it by a small creek.
B lanes, (anciently Blanda,) s-p. Spain, in Cat-
alonia, on the Mediterranean, 34 m. N. E, Barce-
lona. Lat. 41° 42' N.
Blangy, t, France, in Calvados, 28m, E, Caen;
another in Lower Seine, 16 m. E. Neufchatel.
Blankenberg, t. of the Prussian states, in the
duchy of Berg, on the Sieg, 12 m. W, Bonn, 20 S.
E. Cologne.
Blankenburg, a district of Germany, in Uie
duchy of Brunswick, containing 143 square miles
and 12,000 inhabitants. The principal sources of
revenue are the iron mines, the forests, and the
marble quarries. Blankenburg, the chief town, is
at the foot of a mountain, on, which stands a
castle. Pop. 2,700. 7 m. E. S. E. Wernigerode,
9 S. Halberstadt, Lon. 10° 57' E. Lat. 51°
48' N
Blankenburg, t. Germany, in the principality
of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, 5 m. N. W, Saalfeld,
Lon. 11° 21' E. Lat. 50° 39' N,
Blankenese, v. Denmark, in the duchy of Hol-
stein, on the Elbe ; 9 m, from Hamburgh, Pop.
2,000.
Blankenhayn, t. Saxony, Pop. 1840. 9 m. S.
W. Jena, 16 S, E. Erfurt. Lon, 11° 20' E, Lat.
50° 51' N.
Blannerhasset'' s island, a beautiful and fertile
island of about 300 acres, in the Ohio river, oppo-
site Belpre, 13 m. below Marietta.
Blanquefort, t. France, in Giroude, 5 m. N. W.
Bourdeaux.
Blansar, t. France, in Charente, 12 m, S. W.
Angouleme.
Blanfi/re, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 2 m. from
Hamilton. Pop. 2,092.
Blaringhem, v. France, in North, 33 m, N. W.
Douay,
Blarney, v, Ireland, Cork co, 25 m, W. Cork.
Bias, cape, S. America, on the coast of Darien,
18 m. from Porlo Bello, 62 from Carthagena.
Blaskets, or Ferrlins Islands, at the entrance of
Dingle bay, Ireland, Lon. 10° 22' W. Lat. 52°
5' N,
Blatchingworth, t. Eng. adjoining Huddersfield,
in Lancashire. Pop. 2,480.
Blatna, t. Bohemia, 44 m. S. S. W, Prague.
BkLubeuren, t. Wirtemberg, 7 m. W. V\m. Lon.
9° 48' E, Lat. 48° 46' N. Pop. 1,7 >o.
Blaye, t. France, on the Gironde. Its harboui
is capacious, and much frequented. Wine, bran -
dy and corn are exported to a considerable amount.
Pop- 4,700. 21 m. N. Bourdeaux. Lat. 45-
8' N.
Blechingley, t. Eng. in Surrey, 20 m. S. Lon-
don,
Blechington, v. Eng.- Oxfordshire, 6 m, N. Ox-
ford.
Bleckede, t. Hanover, on the Elbe, 20 m. E. N.
E. Luneburg.
Bledsoe, co, East-Tennessee, Pop, 8,839. Chief
town, Pikeville.
Bleicheroda, t. Prussian states, in the pi'ovince
of Saxony, 9 m. S. W. Noi-dhausen, 20 N. Muhl-
hausen. Lon, 10° 35' E, Lat. 51° 26' N. Pop.
1,900.
Bleistein, t. Bavaria, 2? m. E. N, E, Amberg,
Lon, 12° 21' E, Lat, 49° 38' N, Pop. 2,650.
Blekingen, district of Sweden. It has Sraaland
on the N, Schonen on the W, and the Baltic on
the S. and E. Pop, 67,200, Carlscrona is the
capital.
Bleneau, t. France, in Yonne, 28 m. W. Aux-
erre,
Blenheim, v, Bavaria, in the circle of the Up-
per Danube, It is on the Danube, and will for
ever remain famous for the great victory obtained
in its vicinity, ou the 13th of August, 1704, by the
Etiglish and Imperialists, under the duke of Marl-
borough and prince Eugene, over the French and
Bavarians, commanded by marshals Tallard, Mar-
sin, and the elector of Bavaria. The loss of the
French and Bavarians exceeded 30,000 men ;
that of the allies was 12,000. 2 m. N. E. Hoch-
stadt, 8 S. W. Donawert.
Blenheim, i. Oxford co. Up. Canada.
Blenheim, p-t. Schoharie co. (N. Y.) S. Schoha-
rie. Pop. 1,319,
Blerancourt, t, France, in Aisne, 10 m, N. W.
Soissons.
Blcre, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 15 m. E.
S. E. Tours. Pop. 2,550.
Blese, t. France, in Upper Loire, 39 m. N, W.
Le Puy.
Bleurie, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 25 m. S. E, Montreal.
Bliesscaslell, a lordship of the Prussiac states,
in the grand duchy of the Lower Rhine. The
town of Bliesscastell is on the river Blies, 5 m. W.
Deux-Ponts, 10 E. Sarrebruck.
Bligh's Island, off the N. W. coast of America,
in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213° 43' E.
Lat. 60° 52' N.
Bligny sur Ouches, t, France, in Cote d'Or, 22
m. S. W. Dijon.
Blithe, r. Eng. runs into the Trent, 4 m. N. E
Litchfield.
Block Island, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24
m. S. S. W. Newport, 21 E. by N. from Montauk
point on Long-Island. It constitutes the town of
J^ew Shoreham, in Newport county. It is about 7
miles long and 4 broad. Pop. 722, Lon, 71° 30'
W. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Blockley, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuyl-
kill, 3 m.W. Philadelpliia. Pop. 1,618.
Blocksberg, or the Bracken, {Mons Bructerus.)
the principal mountain of the Hartz, in the Prus-
sian states, not far from Elbingerode. Its height
is 3,600 feet. Lon. 10° 36' 35" E. Lat. 51° 48'
29" N.
Blockziel, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
E. side of the Zuyder Zee, 28 m, S, Leuwarden,
B L U
BOG
113
32 W. N. W. Coevorden. Lon. 5° 52' E. Lat. 52°
45' N. Pop. 1,400.
Blois, an ancientcity of France, capital of Loire
and Cher, on the declivity of a hill, on the right
bank of the Loir?. The trade of the town con-
sists in wine, brandy, com, wood, and fruit ; there
are manufactures of serge, stamine, and other
cloths, as well as of hardware and glass. The
surrounding country is fertile and agreeable ; and
the prospect from the hill, on which the town
stands, is one of the most beautiful in France. 36
m. S.W.Orleans, 36 N. E.Tours, 109 S.S. W.Pa-
ris. Lon. 1° 20 E. Lat. 47° 34' N. Pop. 14,900.
Blonilsa, or Bloniza, a small river of Silesia, in
the principality of Oppeln, which falls into the
Oder, about 7 miles below the town of Oppeln.
Blood Indians, in the neighbourhood of the
BlackfeetjMandan, and other tribes, N. of Missouri
river, in the extensive prairie country, near the
Rocky mountains.
Bloody-run, p-t. Bedford co. Pa.
Bloom, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,285.
Bloom, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. N. W. Lan-
caster; another in Scioto co. 16 m, E. Ports-
mouth.
Bloomfield, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 7 m. E. Nor-
ridgeM'ock.
Bloomfield, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. It is divided
into Eas't and West Bloomfield. East B. is 6, and
W. B. 12 m. ^\. Canandaigua. Pop. 4,425.
Bloomfield, p-t. Essex co. N. .1. 5 m. N. W. New-
ark. In its vicinity are quarries of free stone.
Bloomfield, p-t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 114.
Bloomfield, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Bloomfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken.
Bloomfield, p-t. Trumbull co. Oliio, 15 m. N.
Warren ; another, t. Jefferson co. 14 m. W. Steu-
benville; another, p-t. Pickaway co. 8 m. N. Cir-
eleville ; another, t. Jackson co. ; another, t. Knox
CO.
Bloomingburg, p-v. in Mamakating, Sullivan co.
Bloomingdale, v. on the Hudson, 7 ni. N. New-
York city.
Bloominggrove, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W.
West-Point. Pop. 1,759.
Bloominggrove, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Bloomingsburg, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Bloomington, p-v. Monroe co. Indiana.
Bloomingville, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Bloomshurg, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa.
Bloonisburg, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Bloomshurg, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Blore Heath, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, famous
for the battle fought September 1459, between the
adherents of the houses of York and Lancaster.
Blount, CO, Alabama, on the Tuscaloosa riv-
er.
Blount, CO. East Tennessee, on the S. side of
Holston river. Pop. 3,259. Chief t. Marysville.
Blountsville, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. E. Ten-
nessee, 130 m. N. E. Knoxville.
Blue earth, r. Louisiana, runs into the Kansas.
Bluefield's Bay, on the S. W. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 78° W.Lat. 18° 10' N.
Bluehill, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 12 m. N. E.
Castine. It is at the head of Bluehill bay. Here
is an academy.
Blue Lick, Upper, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. on
Licking river.
Blue Lick, Lower. See Ellisville.
Blue Mud, and Long Hailed Indians, on the
head waters of Columbia ri vr r ,
15
Blue Ridge, the eastern range of the Alleghany
mountains. It extends from the higlilands on the
Hudson at West-Point, S. W. to. N. Carolina,
where it joins the main range. Among its sum-
mits are the Peaks of Otter, which see. The
Limestone valley is the valley between these ran-*
ges, and is from 50 to 100 miles wide.
Blucrock, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Musking-
um river, 8 m. below Zanesville.
Blue stone, r. Va. runs into the Kanhawa, in
Giles county.
Bluewater, r. Missouri, runs N. into the Missou-
ri, 9 m. below Kansas river.
Bluff springs, p-v. Jefferson co. Missisippi.
Blvflon, t. Howard eo. Missouri.
Blumberg, t. Germany, in Lippe-Detmold, 22
m. N. N. E. Paderborn.
Blumberg, t. in Baden, 10 m. N. Schaffhausen.
Blumetiau, t. Moravia, in Olmutz, 4 m. W.
Prosnitz.
Blumensiein, v. Switzerland, 1 1 m. S. S. E. Bern.
Blumenlhal, v. Hanover, 12 m. N. W, Bremen.
Blythborough, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 4i m. from
Southold.
Bl^tlie, t. Eng. 3 m. N. Nottingham.
Blythe, s-p. Eng. in Northumberland, at the
mouth of the Blythe, 12 m. fr. North-Shields, 14
fr. Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Bo islands, in the Eastern seas, E. S. E. Gilolo,
Lon. 1269 25' E. Lat. 1° 17' S. .
Boad, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the Mahanuddy.
Lon. 84'^ 18' E. Lat. 20" 50' N.
Boardman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E.
Warren.
Boatrun, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio.
Boat-yard, p-v. Sullivan co. Tennessee.
Bohbio, t. Upper Italy, in Sardinia, in the liol-
low of the Appennines, on the left bank of the Treb-
bia, 24 m. S. S. E. Pavia, 30 N. E. Genoa. Lon.
9* 12' E. Lat. 44° 45' N. Pop. 3,0tl0.
Bobbio, V. Piedmont, nearLucerna.
Bobenhausen, t. in Hesse, 13 m. N. E. Darm-
stadt.
Bober, v. Silesia, rises on the Bohemian fron-
tier, and falls into the Oder, near Crossen.
Bobersherg, t. Prussia, in the New Mark of
Brandenburg, on the Bober, 6 m. S. Crossen, 70
E. S. E. Berlin.
Bobilee, t. and fortress of Hindostan, 32 m. W.
Cicacole, Lon. 83° 28' E. Lat. 18° 27' N.
Bobingen, t. Bavaria, 9 m. S. Augsburg.
Bobrownicki, t. Poland, 24 m. W. N. W. Lub-
lin.
Bobrysk, t. Russia, on the Berezina, in Minsk,
32 m. W. Rogutchev.
Boca del Drago, the W. entrance into Almirante
bay. Lon. 82° 20' W. Lat. 9° 8' N.
Boca Escondida, bay, in the bay of Campeachy,
on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. 1 8° 50' N.
Bora de Pan, r. Peru, runs into the bay of Tum-
bez.
Boca del Toro, the entrance into Almirante bav,
E. of the island of Bocaloro. Lon. 82° 8' W. La'f .
90 6' N.
Bocalieu, island near the east coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 52® 26' W. Lat. 48° 1.5' N.
Bocaloro, isl. at the entrance into Almirante
bay. Lon. 82° 16' W. Lat. 9° 12' N.
BocauWs Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. Lon.
71° 6' W.
Bceca, t. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 5 m. N.
N. E. Sabionetta.
Bocca Tigris, the mouth of the river Pe-kiang
114
BOG
B O II
of China, through which vessels pass to Canton.
It is about a musket shot across.
Boccheta, La, pass of the Appennines, in the
ridge which divides Genoa from Lombardy.
Bochnia, t. Austrian Galicia, 20 m. E. Cracow.
It is famous for its mines of salt, which employ
above 1000 workmen, and yield annually 900,000
crwt. Pop. 3,200.
Bockau, t. in the kingdom of Saxony, circle of
the Erzgebirge, 20 m. S. W. Chemnitz.
Bockenem, t. Hanover, 14 m. E. Hildesheim.
Bockenheim, v. Germany, 2 m. fr. Frankfort on
the Maine.
Bockholt, t. of the Prussian states, 36 m. W. S.
W. Munster, 24 E. Cleves. Lon, 6° 42' E. Lat.
51° 55' N.
Backing, t. Eng. in Essex, 40 m. E. London.
Pop, 2,544.
Booklet, V. Bavaria, 14 m. N. Kissingen.
Bockum, t. of the Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, 24 m. N. E. Dussel-
dorf, 35 N. Cologne.
Boczki, t. Russia, in Grodno, 6 m. S. W. Bielsk.
Pop. 1,600.
Bodeau, lake, Louisiana, communicates with
Red river, and receives Bodeau river at its N. end.
Bodega, Port, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 38° 21' N. The Russians hav6 had a settle-
ment at this post, since 1817,
Bodenfdde, t. Ilanover, 15 m. N. W. Gottingen.
Bodenhausen, v. Germany, in Lower Hesse, 18
m. E. N. E. Cassel.
Bodenliebe. See Kissingen.
Bodenwerder, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 8 m; N.
Bevern.
Bodmann, t. Wirtemberg, on the lake of Con-
stance, which is called from it the Bodmersee.
Bodmin, t. and borough, Eng. Cornwall co. 9 m.
S. S. W. Camelford. Pop. 2,0'50.
Bodrog, r. Hungary, falls into the Theyss at
Tokay.
Bodrog, county, Hungary, v/hich has been uni-
ted since the year 1747 with that of Batsch. It
lies at the S. W. extremity of the kingdom, be-
tween the Danube and the Theyss.
Bodrum. See Boodroom.
Bodrun, s-p. and fort, A. Turkey, on the N.
side of the gulf of Scalanova, 15 m. S. Smyrna,
Lon. 26<=3.5' E. Lat. 38^ 16' N.
BodHngen, Great, t. Germany, in the princi-
pality of Schwarfciburg-Sondershausen, 5 m. N.
Blcicheroda,
Boedgcroens, islands, near the N, coast of New
Guinea, Lon, 135° 33' E, Lat. 2° 25' S.
Boen, t. France, in Loire, 35 m. W. Lyons.
Pop. 1,200.
Boevf, Le, lake, Erie co. Pa. communicates
with French creek, a source of the Ohio. , The
portage to Presq'isleon lake Erie, is 14 miles; 2
m. E. lake Le Boeuf,is the siteof an old French fort.
Boeuff, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
Bofo. See Baffu.
Bog, or Boug, r. Russia, rises in Podolia, and
joins the Dnieper near Otchakov. It is not navi-
gable on account of its many rocks and sand banks.
Bogarovskoi, t. A. Russia, 136 m. N. Tobolsk.
Bogus, t. Lower Egypt, at the moutli of the E.
branch of the Nile, 3 m. S. Damietta.
Bogdonoitka, or MclUopoUs, I. Russia, in Tau-
rida, inhabited by the sect called Ducfioborski, or
Melitopolites. Number of males, 1,150.
Bogdo, mountain of Asia, in tlie Altaian chain.
loc, 93° E. Lat. 47° N.
Bogdoi, country of Tartary, N. of China, and
subject to the Chinese.
Bogensee, t. Denmark, on the N. coast of Fu-
nen, 15 m. N. W. Odensee.
Boggah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° SC E-.
Lat. 27° 10' N.
Bogie, r. Scotland, falls into the Deveron.
Bogilcund, district, in Allahabad, about 24° N.
lat.
Boglion, t. of the Austrian empire, 27 m. S. S.
E. Trieste.
Boglipore, district. Hind, in Bahar, intersected
by the Ganges. Till lately it was called Monghirj
which see.
Bogliporf., cap. of Boglipore district. Lon. 86®
50' E. Lat, 25° 11' N.
Bogmutly, r. Asia, runs into the Ganges near
Monghir.
Bognor, v. Eng. on the coast of Sussex, 6^ m. Si.
Chichester.
Bogoduckoic, t. Russia, 84 m. N. N. W. Char-
kov. Pop. 6,800.
Bogoroditsk, t. Russia, 16 m. E. Thoula. Pop.
5,000.
Bogorodsk, t. Russia, 28 m. E. Moscow.
Bogota, Rio de, r. New Granada, rises near the
city of Santa Fe, breaks through the mountains
S. W. of it, and joins the Magdalena. It is re-
markable for its fall, called the cataract of Te-
quendama. The river, which above is 140 feet
wide, passes through a crevice in the rocks, from
30 to 35 feet wide, and itiAs, in two successive
pitches, about 570 feet The vapour rises like a
cloud, and is seen from the walks around Santa
Fe, at the distance of 15 miles, reflecting the
colours of the rainbow in ever varying beauty.
Boguslaw, t. Russia, in Kiev, 32 m. S. E. Biala-
cerkiev.
Bogwangola, t. Bengal, in Moorshedabad, on
the Ganges. Lon. 88° 29' E. Lat. 24° 21' N.
Bohain, t. France, in Aisne, 12 m. N. N. E. St.
Quentin.
Bohanj, t. Hind. 27 m. E. Surat
Bohatteba, t. Palestine, near Acre.
Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, forming part
of the Austrian dominions. It is bounded N. by
the kingdom of Saxony; E. by Silesia and Mora-
via ; S. by Austria proper ; and W. by Bavaria.
It extends from lat. 48° 30' to 51° 5' N. and from
lon. 12° to 16° 50' E. Its greatest length is 200
miles, its greatest breadth 180, and its super-
ficial extent 20,922 square miles. It is separated
by the river Moldau into two parts nearly equal,
and, exclusive of the metropolis, is divided into
the 16 following circles; which take their names
from their chief towns — Buntzlau, Konigsgratz,
Bitschow, Chrudim, Czaslau, Budweis, Tabor,
Prachin, Pilsen, Klattau, Saatz, Elnbogen (inclu-
ding the small district of Egra), Leutmeritz, Ra-
konitz, Beraun, and Kaurzim.
Bohemia resembles a great basin, being sur-
rounded on every side by high mountains ; it has
the Sudetian chain, and the Riesengebirge on the
N. E. ; the mountains of Moravia on the S. E. and
S. ; the Bohmerwald on the W. ; and the Erzge-
birge on the N. The principal river is the Elbe,
which receives in its course the Auxa, Erlitz,
Dobrawa, Iser, Moldau, Eger, and others. The
soil yields corn, pulse, hops, flax, hemp, fruit, and
all kinds of garden vegetables in abundance.
Few countries are richer in mineral productions
than Bohemia. Here are found rflver, tin, iroDj
B O L
B O L
US
quicksJlverr, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, bismuth, cala-
mine, antimony, sulphnr, saltpetre, vitriol,' alum,
and pit coal ; salt is no where met with. The
principal manufactures are yarn, linen, cambric,
veils, thread, lace, stockings, ribbons, printed
linen, wax-cloth, woollen stuffs, and glass. The
principal imports are salt, wine, spirituous li-
quors, silk, Spanish wool, cotton, quicksilver, iron,
lead, hardware, jewels, trinkets, and dye-stuffs.
Tlie principal places through which commerce
18 carried on, are Vienna, Trieste, Leipzig, and
Hamburg.
The language is the Bohemian, or Crecheisch
dialect of the Sclavonic, and is nearly allied to
£he Polish, but contains more words of German
origin. The population is 3,183,364, of which
number 3,092,393 are Roman Catholics. About
50,000 Jews, and the remainder Calvinists, Lu-
therans, and Hussites. The revenue is estimated
at 2,000,000/. Bohemia is a part of the Austrian
empire. It has an assembly of states, but their
power is merely nominal.
Bohrni^rf,, r. Md. runs into Elk river, 11m. be-
low Elkton,
Bohmerwald, i. e. TJiP Bohemian Forest, a ridge
of mountains in Germany. It separates Bohemia
from the Upper Palatinate ; and extends through
a part of Bavaria proper and Passau.
Bohol, one of the Philippine islands, 90 m. N.
Mindanao.
Bohrau on the Lake, t. Silesia, 16 m. S. Breslau,
Bohus, or Bahus, a government of Sweden, now
forming the greater part of the province of Got-
tenburg.
Bajador, Cape, W. coast of Africa. Lon. 14°
20" W. lat. 26° 16' N.
Bqjano, t. Italy, 42 m. N. Naples.
Bojanowa, t. of the Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of Posen, near the frontier of Silesia.
Boinak, district, Persia, in Daghestan, on the
Imtsche. The town Boinak is near the Caspian
sea, 26 m. N. N. W. Derbend.
Boiyiits, t. Hungary, 11m. W. N. W. Kremnitz.
Baire, t. France, in Mayenne, 7 m. W. Sable.
Bois blanc, isl. at the lower end of Gros Isle in
the mouth of Detroit river. The eastern channel,
between it and the Canada shore, is about i of a
mile wide, and is deep enough for the largest ves-
sel ; the Western is much wider, but is shallow,
and full of small islands.
Bois Blanc, Lake, N. America, between Lake
Superior and the Lake of the Woods.
Bois-Commun, t. France, in Loiret, 24 m. E. S.
E. Orleans.
Bois-le-Duc, or Bosch, t. Netherlands, in Dutch
Brabant, at the conflux of the Dommel and Aa.
It is surrounded with walls, flanked by seven bas-
tions. Pop. 13,347. 18 m, E. N. E. Breda, 42 S.
S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 9' E. lat. 51° 40' N.
Boissesson d'Aumontel, t. France, in Tarn, Bm.
E.Castres. Pop. 3,100.
Boilzenburg, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 38 m. E. S. E. Hamburg.
Boka, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 23 m. N. N. E. Ho-
deida.
Bokhara. See Bukharia.
Bokla. See Backerirunge.
Bolabola, one of the Society islands, about 24 m.
in circumference. Lon. 151° 52' W. lat. 16° 32'
N.
Bolas, r. S, America, falls into the gulf of
Guayaquil.
Bolafr. t.Italv, 6 m. N. W. M-ilai?,
Bolcan, t. S. America, in Tucuman, 20 m. N.
Jujui.
Bolch, mouutain, France, in Upper Rhine,
3,800 feet above the level of the sea, being the
highest of the V'osges.
Bolchmc, t. Russia, in Orel, on the Nugr, 32 m.
N.N. W.Orel. Pop. 5,400.
Bold, t. Eng. Lancashire, 2 m. fr. Prescot.
Bold fountain, p-v. Charlotte co. Va.
Boldo, t. Syria, on the site of the ancient PaltoSy
16 m. fr. Latakia.
Boli, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 74 m. N. W. An^
gora, 140 E. Constantinople. Lon. 31° 20' E. lat.
41° 30. N.
Bolingbroke, t. Eng. i» Lincoln, 13 m. N. E.
Boston.
Bolingbroke, v. Talbot co. Md. at the conflu-
ence of Bolingbroke creek with the Choptank, 5
m. E. Oxford.
Bolipleika, t. Russia, on the W. side of the Vol-
ga, 124 m. S. Saratov.
Bolkenhayn, t. Silesia, the capital of a circle in
the principality of Schweidnitz, 10 m. N- W.
Schweidn^tz, 40 S, W. Breslau. Lon. 16° 5' E.
Int. 50° 46' N. Pop. 1,350.
Bolkowitz, t. Silesia, in the principality of Glo-
gau, 15 m. S. Glogau.
Boll, t. and district Switzeiland, 10 m. S. Fri-
bourg.
Bollebec, t. France, in Lower Seine,' 17 m. W.
Havre. Pop. 5,000.
Bollene, t. France, in Vaucluse, 10 m. N. Or-
ange. Pop. 4,000.
BoUense, Palenzcrthal, or Vallc di Bregno, one
of the most fertile vallies of Switzerland, in the
canton of the Ticino:
Bolina de Faldelora, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. of
Nice. Pop. 1,000.
Bollington, t. Eng. in Cheshire. Pop. 1,518.
3 m. N. Macclesfield.
Bologna, anciently Bononia, the second city in
magnitude and opulence in the Ecclesiastical
states, is at the foot of the Appenines, between the
Savena and Rino, in a rich and fertile valley.
The churches are of ingenious and costly archi-
tecture, and are adorned in the interior with
beautiful paintings. Fifty of these were carried
off by Bonaparte in 1796, but were restored with
the other Italian works of art, in 1815. Here is
a famous university. It consists of five faculties,
theology, canon law, Roman law, medicine, ana
philosophy. The Spaniards, Germans, Hungari-
ans, lUyrians, Flemish, Piedmontese, and other
nations, have each their particular college. The
principal manufactures are cloth, silk stockings,
and other stiiffs ; satins, damasks, taffeta, velvet,
gauze, crape, and linen, Avhich give occasion to
an active trade with Genoa, Leghorn, and Ven-
ice, the most important branch of which is in
twisted silk. In 1799, Bologna was taken by the
Austrian general Klenau ; but after the battle of
Marengo, it fell into the hands of the French. It
is now restored to the pope. 24 m. S. E Modena,
26 S. E. Ferrara, 48 N. Florence, 180 N. N. W.
Rome. Lon. 1 1° 21' 30" E. lat. 44° 30' 12" N. "
Bologna, v. Italy, in Marca d'Ancona, territory
of Camerino.
Bolognese, or Legation of Bologna, a province
of Italy, in the pope's dominions, having the Fer-
rai'ese on the N. Romagna on the E. Tuscany ou
the S. and Modena on the W. Pop. 200,000.
The inhabitants have long had the reputat^ion of
being lovers of learuiB^ and the arts.
116
B O M
BON
Bdschaia, t. Russia, on the Irti^ch, 240m. E. S.
E. Tobolsk.
Bolschaia Reka, or the Great Rwer, Kamtschat-
ka, after a course of 120 miles, falls into the sea of
Okhotzk, in lat. 54° 52' N.
BohckereUk, t. and fort, Kamtschatka, on the
Bolschaia Reka, 20 m. from its mouth. Lon. 157°
£. lat. 53° N.
Bolstna, t. Italy, in the poise's dominions, 8 m.
S. Orvieto. Lon, 11° 54' E. lat. 42° 37' N.
Bolsover, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 5 m. E. Ches-
terfield.
Bolswaard, t. Netherlands, in West Friesland,
7 m. S. S. E. Harlingen, 13 S, W. Leuwarden.
Lon. 5° 27' E. lat. 53° 7' N.
Bolt Head, promontory, on the coast of Eng. 19
m. S. E. Plymouth. Lon. 3° 48' W. lat. 50» 13' N.
B«lton, V. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. E. Rich-
mond.
Bolton, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, on Lake
Memphremagog, S. E. Montreal. Pop. 800.
Bolton, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion river,
18 m. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 249.
JBo^/on, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. N.'E.
Worcester, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 1,037.
Bolton, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 14 m. E. Hartford.
Pop. 700.
Bolton, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on Lake George,
14 m. N. Caldwell. Pop. 726.
Bolton le Moor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, consist-
ing of two townships. Great and Little Bolton.
Pop. 24,149: viz. of Great Bolton 17,070; of Lit-
tle Bolton 7,079. 11 m. N. Manchester, 197 N.
N. W. London.
Bolus-Head, cape, Ireland. Lon. 10° 12" W.
lat. 51° 44' N.
Boluxas Indians, 100 in number, 60 ra. below
Natchitoches.
Bomba Anjov, s-p. W. Africa, at the mouth of
the Zaire. Lat. 6" 10' S.
Bombay, isl. on W. coast of Hindostan, contain-
ing the city of Bombay, which is the capital of all
the British settlements on that side of the peninsu-
la. The island is 6^ miles long from N. to S. and
about 1 mile broad near the fort. It is separated
from the mainland by a narrow strait, and is con-
nected with the neighboring island of Salsettc by a
causeway. 177 m. S. W. Sural. Lon. 72° 38' E.
lat. 18^ 58' N.
The city is about a mile in length, and a quarter
of a mile in breadth, and is surrounded by fortifi-
cations. In the centre is the Green, a large open
spare, which is surrounded with many large and
well built houses. Here is the English church.
On the right of the church gate is the bazar or
market-place, which is crowded and populous,
and is well supplied with all kinds of merchandize
and provisions. The bazar is the residence of the
native merchants. Besides the English church,
there are numerous temples for the Hindoos,
and mosques for the JMahometans, a synagogue
for the Jews, chapels for the Portuguese Roman
Catholics, and a Presbyterian church.
Bombay commands an extensive commerce
with the countries on the Persian and Arabic
gulfs, with the west and east coasts of India, the
islands in the Eastern ocean, and China. With
Europe also, and with different parts of America,
it carries on a considerable trade..
Ship-building is carried to great perfection by
the Persees ; and for this employment Bombay is
well fitted, on account of the immense teak forests
■which lie along the W. side of the Ghaut moun-
tains. Here are rope-walks equal to any in Eng-
land, with the exception of the king's yard at
Portsmouth, a large and magnificent dock-yard,
and forges for all kinds of smith's work. With all
these advantages, Bombay has become an impor-
tant naval arsenal ; and within these few years
ships of from 600 to 1,000 tons have been built in
its yards, equal in durability and beauty of con-
struction to any in the world.
The population is estimated at 220,000, of whom
about three-fourths are Hindoos, 8,000 Persees,
8,000 Mahometans, 3 or 4,000 Jews, and Portu-
guese in considerable numbers.
Bombay has been in possession of the English E.
India company since 1688. The administration
is vested in a governor and three councillers, who
are placed under the control of the supreme gov-
ernment of Bengal. The climate of Bombay often
proves fatal to Europeans ; the liver complaint be-
ing more frequent here than in any other part of
India.
The American Board of Commissioners for For-
eign Missions have employed several Missionaries
in this city and its neighborhood since 1814. In
1820 the number of missionaries was 5 j holding
their primary seat in Bombay, and occupying a
station at Mahim, distant 6 miles on the N. part of
the same island, and another at Tannah, distant
25 miles, on the island of Salsette, of which it is
the chief town. Their principal and daily work
is preaching the gospel to the heathen. In pi'ose-
cution of it they not only visit the temples and pla-
ces of resort in the city, but make circuits upon
the islands, and in the provinces of the continent.
They have also engaged, in the translation of the
Scriptures. In 1819 they had translated the
whole of the New Testament and a considerablt-
part of the Old, into the Mahratta language,
which is spoken not only in Bombay, but by many
millions on the neighboring continent. There is
a printing press attached to the mission, and large
editions of select portions of the Bible, and numer-
ous tracts have already been published. Another
object, on which the Missionaries have bestowed
much attention, is the education of native chil-
dren. In 1819, the total number enrolled in their
schools, as regular pupils, was more than 1,000.
and funds only were wanting to increase the num-
ber almost indefinitely. In all the schools, those
who can read, are daily employed in reading or
f;ommittingto memory portions of the Bible or re-
ligious tracts.
Bombny-hook, isl. in Delaware bay, at the
moixth of Duck creek, 9 m. S. Reedy-island. By
a canal of 1 1 miles, the water of the Chesapeake
and Delaware might be connected at this point.
Bombichi, t. Syria, 44 m. E. N. E. Aleppo.
Bommel, t. Dutch Guelderland, on an island
formed by the Maese and the Waal. Pop. 2,900.
7 m. N. Bois-le-Duc, 60 N. E. Antwerp. Lon. 4°
55' E. Lat. 51° 48' N.
Bommelwaert, isl. Netherlands, in Dutch Gueld-
erland, formed by the Maese and the Waal, and
about 15 miles long, and 6 broad.
Bomransepollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 50
m. W. N. W. Madras.
Bona, s-p. Algiers, called by the Arabs Blaid-
el-Aneb. It has a capacious harbor. It was one
of the settlements of the French African compa-
ny, established during the reign of Louis XIV.
They exported large quantities of wool, wax, bul-
ml.
BON
iocle' hides, and corn. In 1805 it was ceded to
the English. 66 m. N. N. E. Constantina. Lon.
7° 45' E. Lat. 36° 52' N.
Bona, r. N. America, runs into the bay of Cam-
peachy.
Bonaa, isl. off Ceram. Lon, 128° 5' E. Lat. 3°
3'S.
Bonacca, or GuanajOy isl. in the bay of Hon-
duras. Lon. 86° 23' W. Lat. 16° 30' N.
Bonamas, or Bonias, t. Germany, 3 m. N. N. W.
Frankfort.
Borutndrea, Cape, the N. point of Scarpanto
island.
Bonanza, t. Spain, on the Guadalquivir, near
its mouth. Large vessels unload their cargoes
here, for the city of Seville.
Bonarbashy, v. Asia Minor, the site of the hot
springs in the plain of Troy.
Bonaveniure Island, Lower Canada, at the N.
entrance into Chaleur bay.
Bonavista, one of the Cape de Verd islands, 48
miles in circumference. Lon. 22° 59' E. Lat. 16°
ITN.
Bonavista, Cape, on the E. side of Newfound-
land, in W. lon. 52= 32'. N. lat. 48'? 15'.
Bond, CO. Illinois, on Kaskaskia river. Chief
f. Independence. Pop. in 1818, 1,382.
Bondanello, v. Italy, in the duchy of Modena.
Bonden, reef of rocks in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lat. 63° 33' N.
Bondeno, t. Italy, at the confluence of the Pa-
naro and the Po d' Argento, 9 m. W. Ferrara.
Bondorf, t. in Baden, 28 m. N. Zurich. Lon.
8°20'E. Lat.47°52'N.
Bondou, a kingdom of central Africa, bounded
E. by Bambouk, S. E. and S. by Tenda and the
wilderness of Simbani, S. W. by Woolli, W. by
Foota Torra, and N. by Kajaaga. The inhabi-
tants trade with Gedumah, and other Moorish
countries.
Boriff, t. Netherlands, 9 m. N, Namur.
Bonghir, t. and district, Hind, in Hyderabad,
n. 79° 5' E. Lat. 17° 18' N.
Bonhampton, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m. N. E.
New- Brunswick.
Bonhomme, t. St. Louis co. Missouri.
Boni Bay, called Setpa by the natives, and
Buggess by the Europeans, on the S. coast of the
island of Celebes. Lon. 121° 20' E. Lat. 4° S.
Bonifacio, s-p. Corsica, on the strait which
separates this island from Sardinia, and is called
Straits of Bonifacio. Lon. 9° 9' 16" E. Lat. 41°
23' 10" N.
Bonafacio, Capo di, the S. E. point of Corsica.
Bonn, t. of the Prussian states, on the left bank
of the Rhine. The court of the Elector of Co-
logne was formerly held here. 14 m S. S. E. Co-
logne, 30 E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 7° 6' E. Lat.
50° 40' N. Pop. 9,000.
Bonnat, t. France, in Creuse, 12 m. N. Gueret.
Bonne, t. Savoy, 10 m. E. S. E. Geneva.
Bonnefemme, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Bonnet, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Gill.
Bonnet Islands, in the Mergui archipelago. Lat.
10° 29' N.
Bonnetable, t. France, in Sarthe, 15 m. N. E.
Le Mans. Pop. 4,600.
Bonneval, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 20 m.
S. Chartres.
Bonneville, t. Savoy, 14 m. N. E. Annecy. Lon.
60 21' E. Lat. 46° 4' N.
Bonnieres, t. France, in Spine-aud-Oi'e, 25 m.
N. W. Versailles,
BOO
117
Bonny, t. France, on the Loire, 45 m. W. S. W.
Orleans.
Bono, isl. in the English channel. Lon. 3° 32'
W. Lat. 48° 53' N.
BorM, p-t. Orange co. Indiana, 15 m. N. Paoli.
Bonsall, t. Eng. Derbyshire, 3 ra. N. Wirks-
worth.
Bonsecours, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower-
Canada, 37 m. N. E. Montreal.
Bonsecours, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower-
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 m.
S. W. Quebec.
Bonsecours, seigniory, Devon co. Lower-Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. N.
E. Quebec.
Bonthain, t. and district of Celebes, at the S.
extremity of the island. Lon. 120^^ 9' E. Lat. 5°
20' S.
Bonum, settlement, Missouri, 10 m. S. St.
Charles, 20 W. St. Louis. It extends not less than
15 miles east and west, and from 6 to 10 north and
south. The land is fertile and well watered.
Boobcrcu:k, r. Algiers, runs into the Mediterra-
nean, a little W. of Dellys.
Boobooan, isl. of the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
122° 9' E. Lat. 6° 17' N.
Booby Island, near the N. coast of New-Hol-
land. Lon. 141° 56' E. Lat. 10« 36' S.
Booby Island, W. Indies, near St. Christopher's.
Booby Rock, isl. off the coast of New Ireland.
Lon. 159° 24' E. Lat. 21° 24' S.
Boodicotta, t. Hind, in Mysore, 30 m. S. E.
Bangalore.
Boodroom, or Boudrun, t. Asia Minor, in Cara-
mania, supposed to occupy the site of the ancient
Halicarnassus. Lon. 27° 20' E. Lat. 37° N.
Booferjoone, v. Algiers, 125 m. S. S. E. Sher-
shell.
Boogebooge, t. Hind. cap. of Cutch. Lon. 69°
45' E. "Lat. 23° 15' N.
Boojemali, r. Algiers, joins the Seibouse, near
Bona.
Bool, or Bulluw, district, Hind, in Canara.
Lat. 13° N.
Bool . See Bohol.
Boolecambra, t. and district, at the S. extremity
of Celebes. Lon. 120° 50' E. Lat. 5° 27' S.
Boom, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. Antwerp.
Boonah, t. A. Turkey, on the Black sea. Lon.
38° E. Lat. 40° 44' N.
Boondy, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° 35' E.
Lat. 25° 26' N.
Boone, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 3,608.
Slaves, 656. Chief t. Burlington.
Booner-Schanz, fort, Netherlands, 15 m. S.
Embden.
Booneshoro, p-v. Washington co. Md.
Boonesboro, t. Madison co. Ken. on Kentucky
river, at the mouth of Otter creek, 15 m. S. E.
Lexington. Pop. 68.
Booneslick, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Boone'' s mills, p-v. White co. lUinoie.
Boone'' s settlement. See Hotvard county.
Booneton, p-v. Morris co. N. J.
Boonville, p-t. Oneida co. N. on Black river, 2T
m. N. Utica. Pop. 393.
Boo-Shatter, supposed to be the ancient Vticrt.
20 m, N. Tunis.
Boosnah, t. and district. Hind, in Bengal. Lon.
89° 39' E. Lat. 23° 32' N.
Bootan, country, Asia, lying between Bengal
and Thibet, between 26° and 28° N. lat. It is^
Tery raountaiuous. The prince of this conntry h
118
B O R
tributary to the grand Lama of Thibet, and veiy
jealous of intercourse with Bengal.
Boothbay, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 10 m. S. E.
Wiscasset. The bay extends 12 miles inland,
and affords a bold and safe harbor of 9 fathoms
water. The soil of Boothbay is rocky.
Booth Goldshau; t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. fr.
Burnley. Booth Higher, adjoins Booth Gold-
shaw. Pop. 2,368. Booth Lower, adjoins Booth
Higher.
Booth, t. Eng. 2 m. fr. Liverpool.
Bopal, t. and territory, Hind, in Malwah. Lat.
23° 16' N. Lon. 77° 37' E.
Bopfingen, t. Wirtemberg. 28 m. N. N. E. Ulm.
Lon. 10° 22' E. Lat. 48° 48''N.
Boppart, t. of the Prussian states, on the Rhine,
8 m. S. Coblentz.
Boques creek, Ohio, runs into Scioto river, 5 m.
W. Delaware.
Borah, t. Hind, in Malwah, 30 m. 6. W. Se-
ronge.
Borang, isl. Sumatra, in the river Palambang,
20 m. beloAV the city Palambang.
Boras, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, prbvince
of Elfsborg, 10 m. S. W. Ulricaham.
Borba, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7 m. E. Estre-
moz.
Borbo, r. Piedmont, falls into the Tanaro at
Asti.
Borckeloe, v. Netherlands, on the Berckel, 12
ji. E. N. E. Zutphen.
Bord, t. France, in Correze, on the Dordogne,
32 m. E. N. E. Tulle.
Bordentown, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. on Dela-
ware river, 6 m. below Trenton, 24 above Phila-
delphia. It contains about 100 houses, and is the
seat of an academy.
Bords, Les, t. France, in Arriege, 12 m. S. E.
Foix.
Bordesholm, v. of the Danish states, 35 m. N.
Hamburgh.
Bordigkera, t. Genoa, 8 m. E. Albenga.
Bore, r. Ireland, runs into the Slaney.
Borghetto, t. Austrian empire, in Trent, 8 m.
S. S. W. Roveredo.
Borghetto, t. Italy, in Lodi, on the Lambro.
Borghetto, v. Italy, in the Veronese, on the
Mincio, opposite \'aleggio, and N. of Mantua.
Borgholm, fort, Sweden, on the Island of Oe-
'and.
Borgne, Lake, Louisiana, connected on the W.
with lake Ponchartrain by the Rigolets, and on
the E. with the gulf of Mexico. It is about 40
miles long and 15 broad.
Borgo, t. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of
Finland. Lon. 25° 40' E. Lat. 60° 23' N.
Borgo, three military villages in Transylvania,
9 m. N. E. Bistntz.
Borgo, St. Donnino, t. Italy, 12 m. N. W. Par-
ma.
Borgo d''Osma, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m.
3. E. Burgos. Lon. 2° 57' W. Lat. 41° 46' N.
Borgo di St. Angelo, formerly Citta Vitloriosa,
fort, Malta, near La Valetta.
Borgfi di St. Sepolcro, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 48 m.
E. S. E. Florence. Lon. 12°' 8' E. Lat. 43"^ 35' N.
Borgo di Sesia, t. Italy, in Milan, 50 m. N. N. E.
Turin. Lon. 8° 16' E. Lat. 45° 43' N.
Borgo di Val di Taro, t. Italy in Parma, 23 m.
S. W. Parma, 35 S. Cremona.
Borgo di Val Sugana, t. Austrian empire, in
Tyrol, on the Brenta, near the Italian frontier.
B O R
Borgofvrte, t. Italy, 7 m. S. S. W. Mautua.
Borgo Franco, t. Piedmont, 3 m. N. Ivrea.
Borgo Kanuzzi, States of the Church, in Bol(^-
na, on the Reno.
Borgo St. Dalmazio, v. Piedmont, 3 m. S. W.
Coni. Pop. 4,000.
Borgo Vercelli, t. Piedmoirt, in the Novarese, 3
m. N. E. Vercelli.
Borja, t. Spain, in Arragon, 34 m. W. N. W»
Saragossa.
Borissoglebsk, t. Russia, on the Wolga, 20 m. W.
Jaroslav.
Borissoglebsk, t. Russia, on the Worona, 72 ra. S'.
S. E. Tambov.
Borissov, t. Russia, on the Beresina, 38 m. E".
Minsk.
Borken, t. Germany, 30 m. W. Munster. Lon.
6^ 48' E. Lat. 52° 51' N.
Borkum, isl. on the coast of East Friesland.
Borla, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed to be
the ancient Bithynium.
Bonnes, U France, in Var, 24 m. N. W. Fre---
jus.
Bormia, or Bormida, r. Piedmont, runs into the
Tanaro near Alexandria.
Borniio, t. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the
Fredolfo into the Adda, 45 m. N. W. Trent. Lon.
10° 22' E. Lat. 46° 17' N.
Borna, t. Saxony, 12 S. S. E. Leipzig.
Borne, r. Eng. runs into the Tame.
Borneo, an island of Asia, which, next to New
Holland, is the largest in the world, being
800 miles long by 700 broad. The coast, for 10
or 15 miles inland, is mostly marshy, and its cli-
mate unhealthy to Europeans. On this island are
found fine diamonds, some of which weigh
20, 30, or 40 carats ; iron, copper and tin, and
pearls. Among the vegetables are delicious
fruits, pepper, and the camphor tree. Pep-
per is the staple product, and of camphor about
4375 pounds are annually exported. Flocks of
deer, and wild hogs, feed on the spacious plains ;
but its most singular quadruped, is the ouran-
outang. Borneo is inhabited by various races of
men. Some are said to be mild and tractable,
especially those dwellir)g on the coast ; others in
the interior are represented as a wild and savage
people. Many Chinese are settled here, who car-
ry on a very active commerce, and engross the
whole trade of the island ; and the coast is inhab-
ited by a mixture of Malays, Javanese, and the
natives of Celebes. The total population is cal-
culated at three millions. Among the principal
towns is Banjarmassing, towards the southern ex-
tremity, where the Dutch have a fort and factory.
A considerable trade is carried on between Bor-
neo and various parts of the east. The imports
consist of opium, scarlet cloth, India piece goods,
brass wire, cutlery, arms, and gunpowder. Span-
ish dollars are the current coin. Several of the
European powers have endeavoured to establish
colonial settlements in Borneo, but with the ex-
ception of the Dutch, none of these has had any
permanent success. Lon. from 109° to 119° E.
Lat. 4° N. to 7° 25' S.
Borneo, s-p. and cap. of the kingdom of Borneo,
in the N. W. part of the island, 10 m. from
the sea. The sultan of Borneo resides here. Lon,
114°44'E. Lat. 4°56'N.
BornJieim, t. Netherlands, 8 m. N. E. Dender-
monde.
Bornhnlm, isl. Denmaf k, io the Baltic. lo the
BOS
BOS
119
iiitefior there are quarries of marble, lime, sand-
stone, and free stone, coalmines, and vitriol works,
Lon, 13° E. Lat. 55° 10' N.
Boriiuu, an extensive kingdom in the interior
of Africa, bounded N. by the desert of Bilma and
of Lybia, ; E. by countries unknovi^n ; S. by
Bergoo and Bergherme ; W. by Cassina and As-
hen. The emperor is one of the most powerful
sovereigns in the interior of Africa. Bergoo, Beg-
herme, Wangara, and Cassina, are his tributaries.
The chief grain is Indian corn. The whole coun-
try is traversed by a great river called the Wed-
el-Gazel, which runs from south to north, and is
lost in the desert of Bilma. The commerce of
Bornou is cliietly carried on by the merchants of
Mourzouk, in Fezzan, which forms a central point
for the interior commerce of Africa. The im-
ports consist of brass and copper ; red woollen
caps, check linens, light coarse cloth, baize, car-
pets, silk ; sabre blades, Dutch knives, sciseai-s,
coral beads, small looking-glasses, and Gooroo
nuts, from the south of Niger. The exports are
slaves, gold, and civet.
BornoiL, cap. of the kingdom of Bornou is about
a day's journey from the Wed-el-Gazel. It is
said to be a large city. It is placed by major Ren-
nell, in lon. 22° 57' E. lat. 24° 32' N.
Borodino, v. Russia, near the river Moskwa, 90
m. W. Moscow, remarkable for the great battle
fought there, on 7th Sept. 1812, between the
French and Russians.
Boroughbridge, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 17 m. N. W.
York.
Borovits-chi, t. Russia, 8,5 m. E. S. E. Novgo-
rod.
Borowsk, t. Russia, 60 m. S. W. Moscow.
Borriana, t. Spain, 21 m. N. Valencia.
Borromei Islands. See Logo Maggiore.
Borrowslownness, s-p. Scotland, ou the S. bank
of the Forth, 18 m. W. Edinburgh.
Borselen, v. Netherlands, on the island of South
Beveland.
Bosa, s-p. on the W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8° 42' E. Lat. 40° 18' N.
Boscastle, or Botercaiix, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on
the Bristol channel, 16 m. W. N. W. Launceston.
Boscawen, p-t Hillsborough co. N. H. on th.e
Merrimack, 8 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,829.
Bosch, isl. in the North sea, oiTGroningen. Lon.
5° 53' E. Lat. 53° 33' N.
Bosco, or Boschi, t. Piedmont, 5 m. S. E. Ales-
sandria.
Bosham, or Bosenham, v. Eng. in Sussex, on an
arm of the sea, 3 m. W. Cliicliester.
Boshavir. See Bushire.
Boshuanas, numerous tribes in the interior of
S. Africa, whose territory cxtendslrom 25° to 20°
S. lat.
Bosjesmans. See Hottentots.
Boskowitz, t. Moravia, 22 m. W. Olmutz.
Bosna, r. Eu. Turkey, runs into the Save, 50^.
fr. Bosna-Serajo.
Bosna-Serajo, t. Eu. Turkey, cap, of Bosnia,
1 18 m. W. Belgrade, 230 S. Vienna. Lon. 18° 5'
E. Lat 44° 25' N. Pop. 12,000.
Bos7iia, country, Eu. Turkey, separated from
Sclavonia on the N. by the Save, from Servia on
the E. by the Drino, from Dalmatia on the S. by
a ridge of mountains, and from Croatia on the W.
by the Verbas. It is full of mountains, but con-
tains fruitful fields and vineyards. The inhabi-
tants are of Sclavonian origin. They are gener-
ally.of the Greek religion.
Bosphorus, or Strait of Constantinople, the strait
between the Black sea and the sea of Marmora^
about 1 or li mile broad, and 20 miles long. It is
called Bogas by the Turks.
Bossiney, or Trevenna, t. and borough, Eng. in
Cornwall, on the Bristol channel, 4 m. N. W.
Camelford.
Bossut, V. Netherlands, in Hainault, 6 m. from
Mons.
Bost, city, Persia, 60 m. S. W. Candahar. Lon.
64°45'E. Lat. 32° 30' N.
Bosian, or Olukisla el Bostan, t. A. Turkey, in
Natolia, 50 m. N. N. W^. Marasch.
Boston, s-p. Eng. Lincoln co. on the Witham,
119 m. N. London.
Boston, s-p. and cap. Mass. in Suffolk co. and
the largest town in New-England, 115 m. S. S. W.
Portland, 56 S. by W. Portsmouth, 40 N. N. E.
Providence, 100 E. N. E. Hartford, 210 N. E.
New York, 300 N. E. Philadelphia, 436 N. E.
Washington, and 300 S. S. E. Montreal.
It is pleasantly situated at the bottom of Massa-
chusetts-bay, on a peninsula of an uneven surface^
2 miles long, and in the widest part about 1 mile
wide. The harbor is one of the best in the United
States. It has a sufficient depth of water for the
largest vessels at all times of tide, and is accessible
at all seasons of the year. It is safe from every
wind, and so capacious that it will allow 500 ves-
sels to ride at anchor, while the entrance is so
narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast. The
entrance is well defended by Fort Independence
and Fort Warren.
Boston is very extensively engaged in com-
merce. There are probably few cities in the
world where there is so much wealth in propor-
tion to the population. The amount of shipping
owned here in 1815, was 143,420 tons; a greater
amount than belonged to any other port in the Uni-
ted States, except New York. The country in
the immediate vicinity is fertile and populous, and
connected witli the capital by fine roads. The
Middlesex canal opens a water communication
with the interior of New-Hampshire.
Among the literary institutions are the Boston
Athenaeum, which contains about 18,000 volumes,
the Boston library, which has 5 or 6,000, and sev-
eral other libraries belonging to literary societies.
Among the benevolent institutions are the Gene-
ral Hospital, founded in 1818, which has been rich-
ly endowed by the libei-ality of the State and of
individuals, and a Hospital for the Insane, the
buildings of which are situated in Charlestown.
There are four bridges connecting Boston with
the adjacent towns. Charles river bridge, Avhich
connects it with Charlestown on the north, is
1,503 feet long, 42 broad, and stands on 75 piers.
West Boston bridge, connecting it with Cam-
bridge-port on the west, is 3,483 feet long, and
stands on 180 piers. Cragie's bridge is between
these two, and connects it with Cambridge. A
brieve and dam were commenced in 1818 across
the bay on the S. W. side of the town, the ob-
ject of which is to open a new avenue, and also
to create a water power sufficient to put in opera-
tion extensive tide mills, and other water worlcs.
The houses in the older part of the town are
plain, and the streets generally narrow and crook-
ed ; but in West Boston and in several streets re-
cently laid out, the private buildings are more
splendid than in any other town in the United
States. In 1817 there was erected on each side
of Market-street, a block of brick stores more than
120
B O T
B O U
400 feet in length, and 4 stories high ; and ou
Central Wharf, another immense pile of buildings
was completed the same year, 1,240 feet long,
coiataining 54 stores, 4 stories high, having a spa-
cious hall in the centre, over which is erected an
elegant observatory.
Among the public buildings are the State house,
which is built ou elevated ground, and com-
mands a fine view of the surrounding country ;
the new court house, built of stone, at an expense
of $92,000 ; Faneuil hall, where all town meet-
ings are held ; a theatre ; an alms-house ; a cus-
tom-house, and 28 places for public worship, 11 of
which are for Congregationaliets, 4 for Episcopa-
lians, 4 for Baptists, 2 for Methodists, 3 for Univer-
salists, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Friends, a
New-Jerusalem church, and the seamens' chapel.
The population in 1800 was 24,937, in 1810,
33,250 and in 1820, more than 43,000. The vi-
cinity of Boston is very populous. The inhabi-
tants have long been celebrated for their enter-
prize and intelligence, and for the liberality with
which they support religious, literary, and hu-
mane institutions.
The country around Boston is the admiration of
every traveller of taste. The view from the
dome of the State house surpasses any thing of the
kind in this country, and is not excelled by that
from the castle hill of Edinburgh, or that of the
bay of Naples, from the castle of St. Elmo. Here
may be seen at one view, the shipping, the harbor,
variegated with islands and alive with business ;
Charles river, and its beautiful country ornament-
ed with elegant country seats ; and more than 20
flourishing towns. The hills are finely cultivated,
and rounded by the hand of nature, with singular
felicity.
Bogfon, t. Niagara co. (N. Y.) S. Buffalo.
Boston, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga river,
18 m. N. W. Ravenna.
Bosworth, t. Eng. 11m. W. Leicester.
Botavy Bay, a bay on the S. E. coast of New
Holland, discovered by capt. Cook in 1770. It
has been since converted into a British settlement
for the reception of exiled criminals. The climate
is salubrious, the soil fertile, and the settlement
flourishing. In 1810, the population was 10,454,
viz. 5,513 men, 2,230 women, 2,721 children.
The colony consists of four districts, Sidney, Para-
matta, Hawkesbury, and Newcastle, and it has
two dependencies, Hobart's-town and Port Dal-
rymple, on Van Diemcn's land, about 300 miles
distant. The chief commerce is in seal-skins, oil,
and whalebone, and a profitable contraband trade
is carried on with China and the South Sea isl-
ands. See New Holland.
Botany Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
168°16'E. Lat. 22°26'S.
Botesdale, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. fr. Eye.
Botetourt, co. Va. W. of the Blue-ridge. Pop.
13,301. Slaves, 2,275. Chief t. Fincastle.
Bothnia, an extensive province in the north of
Europe, which is divided into East and West, by
the gulf of Bothnia. The whole was formerly in
the possession of Sweden, but the east division was
ceded to Russia in 1809. West Bothnia belongs
under the title of a county, to the Swedish prov-
ince of Norland, and is divided into the four dis-
tricts of Umea, Pitea, Lulea, and Tornea.
Bothnia, Gvlfof, that part of the Baltic which
separates Sweden from Finland. It extends from
lat. 60° 20' to 65'' 50' N.
Bolhoa, t. France, in Cote du Nord, 16 m. S.
Guingamp.
Bolhwell, V. Scotland, in Lanark, on the Clyde,
9 m. fr. Glasgow.
Bolicelli, BeitGiala, or Bollesham, v. Palestine,
8 m. N. W. Bethlehem.
Botol Tabacosima, isl. in the Chinese sea. Lon.
117° 12' E. Lat. 21° 57 N.
Botta, t. Italy, on the Po, 4 m. N. N. W. Pla-
centia.
Bottlehill, p-t. Morris co. N. J. 16 m. N. W.
Elizabethtown.
Bottomless Bay, on the coast of S. America.
Lat. 41° 50' S.
Bottwar, t. Wirtemberg. Lon. 9° 24' E. Lat.
49° 1' N.
Botzen, t. Austrian empire, in the Tyrol, 27 m.
N. of Trent. Lon. 11° 10' E. Lat. 46° 32' N.
Botzenburg, t. Prussian states, 47 m. N. Berlin.
Bova, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 20 m. S. E.
Reggio. Lon. 16° 19' E. Lat. 37° 56' N.
Bouc, isl. on the S. coast of France. Lon. 4°
58' 49" E. Lat. 43^ 23' 31" N.
Bouchain, t. France, on the Scheldt, in the dep.
of the North. The fortifications are of great
strength. 7 m. N. N. E. Cambray, 9 S. W. Va-
lenciennes.
Bouchard, t. France, 18 m. S. W. Tours.
Boucherville, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, opposite
the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. E. of the
city.
Boudef, r. runs into Lake St. Francis, near the
boundary between Upper and Lower Canada.
Botidry, t. Switzerland, on the Reuse. 14 m. S.
W. Nenfchatel.
Bovense, t. Denmark, in the island of Funen.
Boves, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. Coni.
Bovey Tracey, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. fr.
Ashburton.
Bougainville'' s Bay, in the straits of Magellaa.
Lon. 72'^ 9' W. Lat 53° 50' N.
BougainriUe's Island, in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 155° 20'. E. Lat. 6° S.
Bougainville'' s Straits, between Bougainville',
island, and one of Solomon's islands. Lon. 156 '
E. Lat. 6° 50' S.
Bougechito, r. rises in Mississippi, and running
S. E. joins Pearl river in Louisiana.
Boujeiah, or Bugia, s-p. Algiers, 80 m. E. Al-
giers. Lon. 5° 10' E. Lat. 36° 42' N.
Boujcpore, t. and district. Hind, in Bahar. Lon.
84° 9''E. Lat. 25° 36' N.
Bouille Menard, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
6 m. N. W. Segre.
Bouillon, duchy, Netherlands, between the
grand duchy of Luxemburg and the principalitj'
of Liege. Prince Charles of Rohan now posses-
ses it under the sovereignty of the king of the
Netherlands. It is about 18 miles long and 9 broad.
Bouillon, cap. of the duchy of Bouillon, 50 m.
S. E. Namur. Lon. 5° 8' E. Lat. 49° 48' N.
Bouin, isl. on the W. coast of France.
Bovines, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Lille.
Borino, t. Naples, 28 m. E. N. E. Benevento.
Bouka, or Lord Jlnson's Island, in the S. Pa-
cific ocean. Lat. 5° S. Lon. 154° 34' E.
Boulay, t. France, 12 m. E. by N. Metz.
Boulle, La, t. France, 8 m. S. W. Rouen.
Boulogne, s-p. France, in Pas-de-Calais. The
harbor, formerly among the best on the coast, is
now nearly choked up with sand. Boulogne has
B O U
always been a favourite place of resort lor Eng-
lish emigrants, 22 m. S. Calais. 45 N. Abbevilie,
154 N. by W. Paris. Pop. 10,140.
Bologne, t. France, 40 m. S. W. Toulouse.
Bouloire, t. France, 8 m, W. N. W. St. Calais,
Boundbrook, p-t. Somerset co. N. J. on the N.
side of the Raritan, 7 m. above New-Brunswick.
Bovolenta, t. Italy, on the Baccliiglione, 7 m. S.
E. Padua.
BouquenoTH, t. France, 45 m. E. Metz. Pop.
2,800.
Bourbon, an island in the Indian ocean, about
400 m. E. Madagascar. It is 48 miles long, and
36 broad, and is composed of two mountains. In
the smallest or southern one, volcanic fires are
still raging. Coffee has long been the staple pro-
duct of Bourbo.i. The tobacco grown here is of
good quality. The forests contain wood fit for
ship-building; also aloes, ebony, palm, with a va-
riety of trees that afford odoriferous gums and res-
ins. Earthquakes are unknown here ; but it is
subject to violent hurricanes, which injure the
crops, often throw down houses, root up trees,
and occasion the destruction of shipping. The
population has been variously stated from 20,000
to 90,000. Lon. 55° 20' E. Lat. 21° S.
Bourbon, co. Ken. lying between Licking and
Kentucky rivers. Pop, 18,009. Slaves, 4,169.
Chief t. Paris.
Bourbon V Archambaud., t. France, 14 m. W.
Moulins.
Bourbon L'Ancy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire,
36 m. S. W. Autun.
Bourboi\ne les Bains, t. France, in Upper
Marne, 30 m. S. E. Chaumont. Lon. 5° 50' E.
Lat. 47° 57' N.
Bourbonnois, a province of Old France, now
forms the department of the Allier.
Bourbon'' s river, a branch of the Maramek, in
St. Louis co, Missouri,
Bourbon-Vendee, t, France, cap. of Vendee, on
the Yon, 33 m. N, W. Fontenay le Peuple, 266 S.
W. Paris.
Bourbourg, t. France, 2^ m. S. E. Gravelines,
14 N. W. St. Omer.
Bourbriac, t. France, in Cote du Nord, 18 m.
W. St. Brieux,
Bourchemin, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower
Canada, 33 m. E. Montreal.
Bourdeaux, city, and s-p. France, cap. of Gi-
ronde, on the left bank of the Garonne, 16 leagues
from its mouth. It has a university founded in
1441 ; an academy of arts and sciences, instituted
in 1712, which has a librarj' of 20,000 volumes ;
and an academy of painting, sculpture, and ar-
chitecture, founded in 1670.
The inland commerce, carried on through the
Garonne and Dordogne, is very extensive ; and
the maritime commerce is, next to that of filar-
seilles, the greatest in France. The tide rises to
the height of 12 feet, so that large merchant ves-
sels, and even frigates, can come up close to the
town. It has an extensive trade in wine and
brandy, with Britain, Ireland, Holland, Sweden,
Denmark, the Hanse towns, and other northern
states. The principal imports are, from England,
woollen stuffs, tin, lead, coal, herrings, salted
flesh, leather, dye stuffs, and different kinds of
provisions ; from Holland, Denmark, and Swe-
den, staves, deals, timber for ship building, hemp,
pitch, copper and cheese. The intercourse with
t.lre. United State? is very frequent, and is yearly
16
B O U
121
en the increasa 325 m. S. W. Paris. Lon. 0°
33' 59" W. Lat. 44° 50' 15" N. Pop. 92,374.
Bourdeaux, v. France, 28 m. S. E. Valence.
Bourdeiile, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Perigueux.
Bourg Jirgental, t. France, 35 m. S. W, Lyons.
Bourgd'AuK, s-p. France, 18 m. W. Abbeville.
Bourg en Bresse, t. France, in Ain. Pop,
7,300. ^20 m. E. Macon. Lon. 5° 13' 45" E. Lat.
46° 12' 26" N.
Bourg-Deols, t. France, on the river Indre, i
league N. Chateaureux.
Bourg-Lastie, t. France, 25 m. W. Clermont-
Ferrand.
Bourglois, seigniory, Hampshire co, Lower-
Canada, 25 m. W. Quebec.
Bourgmarie, East, seigniory, Buckingham and
Richlieu counties, Lower-Canada, 36 m. S. Three-
Rivers.
Bourgmarie, West, seigniory, Richelieu co.
Lower-Canada, 35 m. N. E. Montreal,
Bourg sur M^r, t. France, at the conflux of the
Dordogne and Garonne, 15 m. N. E. Bourdeaux,
Bourg d' Oisaiii, t. France, 16 m. S.E. Grenoble.
Bourg de Pcage, t. France, 1 m. N. Valence.
Bourganeuf, t. France, 25 m. E. N.E, Lijnogae.
Lon. 1° 50' E. Lat. 45° 57' N.
Bourg es, t. France, cap. of Cher, at the conflux
of the Evre and Auron. It has manufactures of
silk, woollen, and cotton stuffs, stockings, caps,
and other articles of clothing. The chief object*
of trade are corn, wine, cattle, wool, hemp, and
cloth. It was anciently called Avaricum, and Bf-
ierw3.rds Biturigo'.. 36m.N.W. Nevers, 155 S. Pa-
ris. Lon. 2° 23' 55" E. Lat. 47° 5' 4" N. Pop.16,400,
Bourget, t. Savoy, 4 m. S. W. Aix, 7 N. E.
Chamberry.
Bourgnevf, t. on the W. coast of France, 22 m,
S. W. Nantes.
Bourgoin, t. France, in Isere, 25 m. E, S, E.
Lyons.
Bourgueif, t. France, 25 m. S. W, Tours. Lon,
0° 15' W. Lat. 47° 17' N.
Bourlos, lake, Egypt, between theDamietta and
Rosetta branohes of tlie Nile, about 40 miles long.
The town Bourlos, is 30 m. E. Rosetta. Bourlos
Cape, is opposite the E. extremity of the lake.
Lon. 31° 16' E. Lat. 31° 29' N.
Bourmonf, t. France, on the Maese, 22 m. E.
N. E. Chaumont.
Bournabat, v. A. Turkey, 3 m. fr. Smyrna.
Bourne, t. Eng. 36 m. S. Lincoln.
Bourne, r. Eng. runs into the Avon, at Salis-
bury.
Bouro, one of the Molucca islands, 75 miles
long, by 38 broad, and exceedingly fruitful in rice,
sago, flour, oranges, lemons, citrous, other fruits,
pepper, and the cayuputi tree, from which the na-
tives obtain much cayuputi oil by distilling the
leaves. Fine timber grows on this island, and
many kinds of beautiful wood, besides black and
white ebony, which are sought by the Dutch cab-
inet makers. On the N. E. coast there is a spa-
cious bay, Avith a good harbor, called Cayeli Road,
much frequented by English whalers, 55 m. W.
Ambovna. The Dutch fort stands in lon. 12° 4'
E. lat. 3° 24' S.
Bourtang, t. and fort, Netherlands, in Groning- .
en, 12 m. S. S. W. Winschoten.
Bourth, t. France, in Eure, 6 m. N. W. Ver-
neuil.
Boussa, t. central Africa, on the Ni^er, E. of
Tombuctoo.
Boiissac, t. Fcau«e. 18 m. W. M«nt-I.uson
122
B O Z
BousSille, t. France, on the Loire, 25m. W. An-
gers.
Bouton, isl. near the S. E. coast of Celebes, 85
miles long, by 20 to 30 broad. The town of Bou-
ton is in Ion. 122° 30' E. lat. 5° 28' S.
Boutonne, r. France, joins the Charente, 6 m.
E, Rochefort.
Boutteville, t. France, 45 ni. E. Orleans.
Bouzonville, t. France, 19 m. N. E. Metz.
Bou; or Stratford le Bow, v. Eng. iu Middlesex,
on the Lea, 4 ra. E. London.
Bom?, t. Rockingham co. on the Merrimack, 6 m.
S. S. E. Concord. Pop. 729.
Baivdoin, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,649.
Bowdoinham, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 15 m. W.
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,412.
Bowerbank, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. N.
W. Bangor.
Bowers, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Boioers, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Bowes, t. Eng. Yorkshire.
Bow Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 141°
12- W. Lat. 18° 23' S.
Bowling, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 2,226.
Bowling-green, p-v. and cap. Caroline co. Va.
48 ra. N. Richmond.
Bowling-green, p-v. and cap. Warren co. Ken.
about 30 m. E. Russelville. It has a bank. Pop.
155.
Bowlinggreen, t. Licking co, Ohio,E. of Newark.
Bowness or Bullness, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 10
m. from Carlisle.
Bowyer^s bluff, the W. point of Washington har-
bour in Green bay, Lake Michigan, 85 m. N. E.
Fort-Howard, 99 S. W. Mackinaw. The bankfor
many rods in extent presents a surface of naked
lime-stone, rising perpendicularly from the lake
to the height of 40 or 50 feet. Recesses are worn
in it by the waves, and its base is strewed with
fragments of rocks, so that it resembles the ruins
of an ancient cattle.
Bowyersiille, p-v. Southampton co. Va,
Box, v. Eng. Wiltshire, 7 m. from Chippenham.
Boxborough, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 388.
Boxford, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. from Sudbury.
Boxford, p-t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. side of
the Merrimack, 14 ni. above Newburyport, 15 N.
W. Salem. Pop. 880,
Boxmeer, v. Netherlands, 24 m, E. Bois-le-Duc.
Boxtel, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, on
the Dommel, 5 m. S. Bois-le-Duc.
Boyd's creek, p-v. Sevier co. Ten.
Boyd's creek, Louisiana, runs into tlie Missisip-
pi, lat. 31° 50' N.
Boyd' s-Janding, p-v. Caldwell co. Illinois.
Boydstown, p-v. and cap. Mecklenburg. Va.
Boyle, i. Ireland, in Roscommon, 18 m. S. Sli-
Boyle, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee river,
15 m. N. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 2,860.
Boylston, t. Worcester co. Mass. 7 m. N. E.
Worcester. Pop. 800.
Boylston, West, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 7 m. N.
Worcester, 44 W. Boston. Pop. 632.
Boyne, r. Ireland, falls into the Irish channel 4
m. below Drogheda.
Boyne Islands, or Island of Benodet, near Ker-
gueleu's Land. Lon. 68° 47*^ E. Lat. 49° 49' S.
Boyolallie, t. Java, 44 m. from Samarang.
Bozrah. or Bczer, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Reu-
benites ; another, the capital of Edom.
BRA
Bozrah, t. New-London co. Ct. about 5 m. W.
Norwich. Pop. 960.
Boszo, r. Italy, in Milan, issues from the Lago
Maggiore, and runs into the lake of Chivra.
Bozzolo, t. Italy, in Mantua, on the Oglio, IS
m. W. Mantua, 26 E. Cremona. Lon. 10° 29' 36"
E. Lat. 45° 6' N.
Bra, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, opposite Che-
rasco. Pop. in 1802, 10,400 : 10 m. S. E. Car-
riiagnola. Lon. 7° 53' E. Lat. 44° 43' N.
Brabant, Duchy of, province, Netherlands,
bounded N. by Holland and Guelderland, W. by ,
Zealand and Flanders, S. by Hainault and Namur,
E. by Liege and Guelderland. It formerly be-
longed partly to the house of Austria, and partly
to the United Provinces, and was divided into
Spanish or Austrian, and Dutch Brabant. The
south part of it is known by the name of Walloon-
Brabant : in it the prevailing language is a spe-
cies of corrupted French, while in the northern di-
vision the common people use the Flemish ; but
the higher classes throughout speak pure French.
Brabant is divided into the quarters of Louvain,
Brussels, Antwerp, and Bois-le-Duc.
Braborg, v. Sweden, in E. Gothland, 24 m. E.
Nordkoping.
Bracadale, v. Scotland, in the isle of Skye.
Lon. 6° 23' W. Lat. 57° 22' N.
Bracciano, t. Ecclesiastical states, on the lake
of Bracciano. Lon. 12° 15' E- Lat. 42° 5' N.
Bracevilky p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 7 m. S. W
Warren,
Bracht, v. Prussian states, 6 m. W. Cologne.
Brackenheim, t. Wirtemberg, 18 m. N. Stutt-
gard.
Bracken, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 3,706 ;
slaves 358. Chief t. Augusta.
Brackley, t. Eng. in Northampton, 13 m. S. S.
W. Northampton.
Bradano, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Ta-
ranto.
B ruddock'' s field. Pa. the place where Braddock
was slain in an ambush of Indians, July 1755, on
Turtle cAek, 6 m. E. S. E. Pittsburg.
Braddock' s bay, on the S. shore of Lake Ontario,
up 5 m. W. of the entrance of Genesee river. It sets
about 4 miles into the towns of Gates and Parma.
Brad/ield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Shef-
field. Pop. 4,354.
Bradford,t Eng. in Wilts, on the Avon, 7 m. S. E,
Bath. It is celebrated for the manufacture of su-
perfine broad cloth. Pop. 6,435.
Bradford orBradforth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10
m. W. Leeds. Manufactures of worsted stuffs are
carried on here, more extensively than in any
other part of the kingdom. Pop. 7,767.
Bradford, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 20 m. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,034.
Bradford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 7 m. below Newbury. Pop. 1,302.
Bradford, p-t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. side of
the Merrimack, opposite Haverhill, 10 m. above
Newburyport ; 28 N. Boston. Pop. 1,369. Ves-
sels of considerable burthen are built here. Great
quantities of leather shoes are made for exporta*-
tion. Bradford academy is highly respectable,
and contains at present about 120 pupils.
Bradford, co. Pa. on the Susquehannah. Chief
t. Meansville.
Brading, v. on the E. coast of the isle of Wighti
Bradleyhall, p-v. Prince- William co. Va.
Bradley, JS'orth, t. Eng. Wiltshire., 3 m. S.
Trowbridge.
BRA
BRA
123
BrttdleyvUle, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 40 in. N. E.
Montpelier.
BradleysviUe, p-v. Litchfield co Ct.
Brudninch, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 6 m. N. E.
Exeter.
BradshaWf t. Eng. in Derbyshire.
Bradwell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. fr. Tides-
■well.
Braemar, a mountainous district, Scotland, in
the S. W. part of Aberdeen county.
Braga, city, Portugal, capital of Entre-Douro-
e-Minho, on the Este. It is the seat of an arch-
bishop, who is primate of the kingdom. Its hat-
manufactory supplies a great part of Portugal. 27
m. N. N. E. Porto, 80 N. Coimbra. Lon. 8° 5' W;
Lat. 41° 33'xN. Pop. 13,000.
Braga, Archbishopric of, forms the third divis-
ion of the province of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, in
Portugal. Pop. in 1810, 638,102.
Braganza^ i. Portugal, one of the oldest in the
kingdom, is situated on the Fervensa, in the prov-
ince of Tras-los-Montes, 30 m. N. W. Miranda-
de-Duero. Lon. 6° 23' W. Lat. 41° 44' N. Pop.
2,900.
Bragansa, J^ova. See Aveiro.
Brahestadt, t. Russia, on the E. coast of Both-
nia, 33 m. S. S. W. Uleaborg. Lat. 64° 41' N.
Brahilow, t. Turkey, in Walachia, with a strong
citadel on the Danube, 130 m. S. S. W. Bender.
Lon. 28° 16' E. Lat. 45° 16' N.
Braidalbin, district, Scotland, in Perthshire,
about 33 miles long, by 31 broad.
Brainerd, one of the missionary stations of the
American Board of Commissioners, among the
Cherokees. It is in the state of Tennessee, on
the Chickamaugah creek, a branch of the Ten-
nessee river, 50 m. S. S. W. Washington in Ten.
100 E. N. E. Huntsville, 140 W. S. W. KnoxviUe.
Lat. 350 2' N. Lon. 85° 25' W. The establishment
was made in 1817, and has been remarkably pros-
pered. In 1820, houses for the accommodation of
the missionaries, a school-house, a ware-house,
and other buildings, had been erected, and a farm
of 60 acres brought under cultivation. Besides
instruction in reading writing, arithmetic, and
thei principles of religion, the young Cherokees
are here taught the most useful arts of civilized
life. The boys learn the use of the hoe and axe ;
while the girls employ themselves at the spinning
wheel and the needle. They manifest a facility
in acquiring knowledge, good order in their be-
haviour, and gratitude to their instructors. See
Cherokees.
Brainerd' shridge, p-v. in Nassau, Rensselaer co.
N. Y.
Braine, t. France, 10 m. E. Soissons.
Braine VAUu, t. Netherlands, 10 m. E. N. E.
Braine le Comte.
Braine le Comte, t. Netherlands, in Hainault,
15 m. N. N. E. Mons, 16 S. S. W. Brussels.
Braintree, t. Eng. in Essex, 11 m. N. E. Chelms-
ibrd.
Braintree, t. Orange co. Vt. 21 m. S. Montpc-
Uer. Pop. 850.
Braintree, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on a bay, 8 m.
S. Boston. Pop. 1,351. It is the birth-place of
John Adams, the second President of the United
States.
Braintree, (JVew,) t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m.
W.Worcester, 58 W. Boston. Pop. 912.
Braintrem, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa, on the Susque-
hannah, 50 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 904.
Bralin, t. Silesia, 8 m. E. Warte^iberg. Lon,
17° 55' E. Lat. 55° 18' N.
Bramant, t. Savoy, on tlie riv^r Arc, 42 m. E.
by S. Chamberry.
Bramber, t. and borough, Eng. in Sussex.
Bramham, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. Weth.
erby.
Bramley, i. Eng. in Surrey.
Bramley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. from Leeds.
Brampton, t. Eng. in Cumberland,' 6 m. N. Cai'-
lisle.
Brampton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 4 m. W. Ches-
terfield.
Brampton Bieralow, t.Eng. Yorkshire, 5 m. from
Rotherham.
Bramstede, v. Denmark, 21 m. N. Hamburg.
Bran, r. Scotland, falls into the Tay near Dun-
keld.
Brancaleone, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m.
S. E. Bova.
Brancaster, t. Eng. in Norfolk.
Branco de Malambo, t. New Grenada, on the
river Madalena, 75 m. N. Carthagena. Lon. 75°
30' W. Lat. 11° 40' N,
Brand, t. Saxony, 2 m. S. Freyberg.
Brandeis, t, Bohemia, on the Elbe, 13 m.E. N.
E. Prague.
Brandenburg, Mark, or Marquisate of, tlie most
important of the Prussian states, and the basis of
the monarchy, has Brunswick and Hanover on
the W. Mecklenburg and Pomerania on the N. the
grand duchy of Posen on the E. and Silesia, with
a part of Saxony, Anhalt, and Magdeburg, on the
S. It is divided into the electoral and the New
Mark ; the former comprehends the Old Mark,
the Priegnitz, the Middle Mark, and the Ucker
Mark. The principal towns are, in the Old Mark,
Stendal ; in the Middle Mark, Berlip, Branden-
burg, Potsdam, and Frankfort on the Oder ; in
the Ucker Mark, Prenzlau ; in the New Mark,
Custrin, and in the Mark of Priegnitz, Perleberg.
The majority of the inhabitants are Lutherans,
the remainder Calvinists. Pop. in 1801, inclu-
ding the military, 1,100,000. The arts and sci-
ences are more cultivated here than in any other
part of the Prussian monarchy. Berlin is both
the residence of the court and the centre of lite-
rary establishments.
Brandenburg, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark
of Brandenburg, on the Plavel, 31 m. W. Berlin*
Pop. 13,000.
Brandts, t. Saxony, 9 m. E. Leipsic.
Brandis, v. Switzerland, 11 m. E. N. E. Berne.
Brandon, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. from Thet-
ford.
Brandon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter creek,
12 m. N. Rutland, 40 S. W. Montpelier! Pop-
1,375.
Brandsoe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon.
9° 44' E. Lat. 55° 22' N.
Brandy Pots, islands in the St. Lawrence, 103
m. below Quebec, and opposite the mouth of Sa-
guenay river.
Brandywine, t. Cl>ester co. Pa. Pop. 1,257.
Brandywine hundred, New-Castle co. Del. Pop.
2,257.
Brandywine creek, Delaware, runs S. 40 miles,
and joins Christiana creek at Wilmington. In the
course of 25 miles it descends 300 feet. The Bran-
dywine flour mills are at a small village 3 miles
above the mouth of the creek. They are 12 in
number, capable of grinding annually 400,000
124
BRA
B R E
bushels of grain, and employ about 200 persons.
By machines, the wheat is raised from the vessel's
deck to the upper loft of the mill, and is returned
in flour on the lower floor. A cargo is often laden
at the mills, and carried to Philadelphia, 27 miles,
in one day. The Brandywine gunpowder is cele-
brated. The whole No. of mills on this creek in
1810, was 130. A battle was fought at Chadd's-
ford between the British and Americans, Sept. 11,
1777, after which the Americans retreated.
Branford, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. on Long-
Island Sound, 10 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,932.
Branzk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 16 m. W.
Bielsk.
Braniome, t. France, 10 m. N. Perigueux.
Branton. See Braunton.
Braschiri's creek, Ken. runs into Salt river, in
Shelby county.
. Brasil. See Brazil.
Braslur, t. Russia, 76 m. N. N. E. Wilna.
Braspars, t. France, in Finisterre, 8 m^. N. Cha-
teau-Lin.
Brassay. See Bressay.
Brassac, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. S. Is-
soire ; another in Tarn, 1 1 m. E. Castres.
Bratsos, r. Mexico, rises in 34° N. lat. and 105°
W. Ion, and entering the province of Texas, dis-
charges itself into the gulf of Mexico in 28° 40' N.
lat. after a course of 700 miles.
Bratskoi, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Angara,
140 m. N, E. Nischney Udinsk.
BraUian, t. West Prussia, 48 m. E. Culn.
Brattleboro, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecti-
cut river, 36 m. E. Bennington, 41 above North-
ampton, 96 W, N. W, Boston. Pop. 1,891.
Bratton, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 3 m. E. N. £.
Westbury.
Bratzlav, t. Russia, in Podolia, on the Bog.
ton. 28° 55' E. Lat. 48° 50' N.
Brava, s-p. E. Africa. Lon. 44° 10' E. L at. 1°
12- N.
Braubach, i. Germany, on the Rhine, 10 m. W.
^Nassau.
Braughin, v. En^. in Hertfordshire, 28 m. N.
London.
Braulio, the highest of the Rhcetian Alps, near
Bormio, on the borders of the Tyrol.
Braunau, fortified t. Austrian empire, on the
Inn, 60 m. N. E. Munich. Lon. 12° 56' 45" E.
Lat. 48° 14' N.
Brau7iau, t. Bohemia, 25 m. E. Koningsgratz.
Lon. 16° 9' E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Braunsdorf, t. Saxony, 11 m. N. E. Freyberg.
Brawiseiffen, t Moravia, 16 m. N. N. E. Ol-
mutz.
Braunton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 4 m. N. W.
Barnstaple.
Bravo Rio. Sec Norte, Rio del.
Bray, v. Eng. in Berkshire, on the Thames, 25
m. from London.
Bray, s-p. Ireland, 10 m. from Dublin.
Bray sur Seine, t. France, on the Seine, 10 m.
•S. S. W. Provins.
Bray sur Somme, t. France, 15 m. E. Amiens.
Brasil, an extensive country of S. America, ex-
tending from the Amazon, almost to the La Plata.
It includes more than one third of South America,
and is bounded N. by Guiana and the Atlantic ;
E. by the Atlantic ; on the S. it comes to a point ;
on the W. are Peru and Buenos Ayres. It is di-
vided info ] 1 districts, called capitanias, viz. Para,
Maranham, Seara, Pemambuco, Bahia, Minas
Geraes, Rio Janeiro, St, Paul, Rio Grande, Goy-
az, and Matto Grosso. A ridge of mountains runs
along the coast from lat. 10° to lat. 30° S. The
interior of the country is clothed with the most
luxuriant vegetation, and covered in many
parts with an almost impenetrable forest. The
principal rivers are branches of the Amazon and
La Plata. The ridge of mountains along the coast
prevents their entrance into the ocean by a more
direct course. The population is estimated at
2,000,000. It is composed of whites, negroes, In-
dians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. This country
was formerly a colony, dependent on Portugal, and
governed by a viceroy ; but since 1807, the royal
family of Portugal have resided here. The north-
ern provinces produce cotton, sugar, coffee, and
tobacco ; the middle contain the gold and diamond
districts ; the southern produce wheat and cattle
in abundance. The forests abound with various
kinds of wood useful for dyeing and cabinet work.
The gold and diamonds are found principally in
the beds of the mountain torrents. The head wa-
ters of the Parana, the Francisco, and all the great
rivdrs which flow north into the Amazon, are pro-
ductive of gold. The principal diamond district
is 400 miles N, of Rio Janeiro. While Brazil
was a colony, its commerce was subjected, by the
government at home, to all the usual restraint*
imposed by the colonial system of Europe. But
since the emigration of the Portuguese court to
this country, the old restrictions have been done
away. A commercial treaty has been concluded
with Great Britain, by which all the ports of the
covmtry are opened to British vessels and produce,
on payment of a duty of 15 per cent. British man-
ufactures of every description are now imported
to a great extent. Portugal continues to send oil,
wine, brandy, linens, cottons, &c, India and
China goods are in great plenty. From the Uni-
ted States are imported flour, salt provisions, tur-
pentine, tar, staves, household furniture, &;c. The
principal exports are hides, tallow, horn, hair,
feathers, sugar, cotton, cofiiee, tobacco, and Brazil
wood.
Brazza, isl. in the Adriatic, opposite Spalatro,
in Dalmatia, belonging to Austria. Pop. 15,000.
Breage, t. Eng. in Cornwall. Pop. 2,888. 3
m. N. W. Helston.
Breaute, t. France, 30 m. W. N. W. Rouen.
Brebers. See Barbary.
Brecey, t, France, in La Manche, 8 m. N. E.
Avranches. Another 7 m. N. W. Mayenne,
Brechin, t. Scotland, in Forfar or Angus co. 83
m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 2° 18' E. Lat. 56° 40' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Breckenridge, co. Ken. on the Ohio, intersected
by Green river. Pop. 3,430. Slaves, 505. The
court-house is 44 m. fr. Corydon, in Indiana.
Breckerfeld, t. Prussian states, 26 m. N. N. E.
Cologne.
Brecknock, co. S. Wales, bounded N, by Rad-
nor, W. by Cardigan and Caermarthen, S. by
Monmouth and Glamorgan, and E. by Hereford.
It contains 731 square miles, a third of which is
unfit for cultivation. Pop. 37,735. Families,
7,919, of which number 4,667 are engaged in ag-
riculture, and 2,239 in manufactures.
Brecknock, or Brecon, t. and cap. of Brecknock-
shire, Wales, is at the confluence of the Uske and
Honddu, 168 m. W. London. Lon. 3° 12' W.
Lat. 51° 54' N. Pop. 3,196.
Brecknock, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 89Q.
Brecknock, t, Berks co. Pa. Pop. 495.
Breda, a strong town of the Netherlands, in
BRA
Dutch Brabant, on the navigable river Merck,
near the influx of the Aa, 22 m. S. S. E. Rotter-
dam. Lon. 4° 46' 36" E. Lat. 51° 35' 23" N.
Brede, r. Eng. joins the Rother, near Winchel-
sea.
Breda, La, t. France, in Gironde, 10 m. S.
Bourdeaux.
Bredstedt, t. Denmark, 21 m. W. N. W. Sles-
wick.
Bree, t. France, in Mayenne, 10 m. N. E. Laval.
Breevort, or Bredevoort, t. Netherlands, 27 m.
S. E. Zutphen
Brecancon, isl. off the coast of France. Lon. 6°
19' 21" E. Lat. 43° 5' 28" N.
Bregentz, co. Germany, on the lake of Con-
stance, belonging to Austria. Pop. 36,000. Bre-
gentz, the chief town, is 4 m. S. E. Lindau. Lon,
9° 43' 55" E. Lat. 47° 30' 30" N. The river Bre-
gentz, falls into the lake of Constance.
Breglio, t. Sardinian states, 18 ra. N. E. Nice.
Brdial, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Grandville.
Brehar, one of the Scilly islands. Lon. 6° 47'
VV. Lat. 50° 2' N.
Brehemont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire., 15
ni. W. Tours.
Brehna, t. Prussia, 62 m. N. W. Dresden.
Breirach, mt. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 4,220
feet high.
Breitenbach, t. Saxony, 14 m. S. Erfurt.
Breitenfeld, v. Saxony, 6 m. N. Leipsic.
Brem, t. Austria, 18 m. E. Trieste.
Brembato di Sotto, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Bergamo.
Brembo, r. Italy, joins the Adda, 8 m, fr. Ber-
B R E
125
Bremen, a duchy in the kingdom of Hanover,
between the Weser and the Elbe, having Hadeln
on the N. and Luneburg with Verden on the S.
It contains 2,200 square miles, and 168,504 inhab-
itants.
Bremen, one of the four free cities of Germany,
lies on both sides of the Weser, near the centre
of the kingdom of Hanover. It was formerly a
leading member of the Hanseatic league, and has
had, since 1529, a celebrated academy, partly Lu-
tlierau, partly Calvinist. The trade of Bremen
is in part founded on its manufactures of refined
sugar, cotton, woollen cloths, dye stuffs, &:c, ; but
chiefly on the exportation of the products of the
country on the Weser, and the importation of
such foreign goods as find a market in these parts
of Germany. The city contains 37,400 inhabi-
tants, or including the small territory annexed,
48,500. 54 m. S. W. Hamburgh. Lon. 8° 48' 3"
E. Lat. 53° 4' 45" N.
Bremgarten, t. Switzerland, in Aargau, on the
Reuss, 10 m. W. Zurich, 20 N. Lucerne.
Brenchley, t. Eng. in Kent, 7 jn. S. E. Tun-
bridge.
Brendola, t. Italy, on the river Bacchiglione, 7
m. S. W. Vicenza.
Brenets, v, Switzerland, 10 m. N. W. Neuf-
chatel.
Brenner, one of the Tridentine Alps in the Ty-
rol, between Inspruck and Storzing.
Breno, or Bree, t. Italy, on the Oglio, 32 m. N.
Bresciano, 25 S. Bormio.
Brent, r. Eng. runs into the Thames at Brent-
ford.
Brent, or South Brent, t. Eng. Devonshire, 16
m. E. Plymouth.
Brenta, r. Italy, rises in the Alps and runs into
the Adriatic a little S. of Venice.
Brentford, t. Eng, in Mid<llesex, on the Thames,
7 m. W. Londop.
Brentwood, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 15 m. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 905.
Brentwood, or Burntwood, t. Eng. in Essex, 18
m. E. London.
Brentz, r. Wirtemberg, runs into the Danube
at Laujmgen.
Breschat, v. Dutch Brabant, 6 m. fr. Antwerp.
Brescia, city, Italy, cap. of the iiresciano, in a
beautiful plain on the Garza. Tliis town is sur-
rounded with walls, ditches, and bastions. The
manufactures are linseed oil and fire arms. The
other articles of trade are silk, flax, wool, linen,
and wine. Pop. 48,000. 30 m. S. E. Bergamo,
54 N. Paxma, and 106 W. Venice. Lon. 10° 14'
E. lat. 45° 32' N.
Bresciano, a district of Upper Italy, in Lombar-
dy, bounded N. by Bormio and Trent, E. by the
lake of Garda, the Veronese, and the duchy of
Mantua ; S. by the same duchy and the Cremon-
ese, and W. by the Cremasco, the Bergamaaco,
and the Valteline. Pop. 500,000.
Bresins, isl. off the S. W. coast of England
Breslau, one of the four districts of the province
of Silesia. It contains 3,674 square miles, and
476,000 inhabitants. Breslau is the chief town.
Breslau, cap. of Silesia, is on the Oder, 130 m.
E. Dresden. Lon. 17° 2' 18" E. Lat. 51° 6' N. It
is surrounded with strong walls and other fortifi-
cations. Here are 26 Catholic and 8 Lutheran
churches, and a Catholic University, which has
14 professors and 400 students. The trade is very
considerable. The staple article is linen, after
which come printed cottons, calico, chintz, wool-
len stuffs, silk, Turkish yarn, and thread. Pop. in
1812, 62,789, of whom 3,650 were Jews.
Bresle, r. France, falls into the English Channel
at Treport.
Bresle, t. France, in Oise, 8 m. E. Beauvais,
Bressay, one of the Shetland islands, about 4iJ
miles long and 3 broad, separated from Shetland
by Bressay sound, a fine harbor, where the Green-
land whale ships and Dutch herring vessels fre-
quently rendezvous. Lon. 1° 12' W. Lat. 60° 14*
N.
Bresse, a province, France, included, since the
revolution, in the department of the Aisne.
Bressuire, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 14 m. S.
E. Chatillon.
Brest, s-p. France, in Finisterre, the chief sta-
tion of the French marine, and one of the best
harbors in Europe. The road can afford anchor-
age for at least 500 men of war. The harbor is in
form of a long canal, and is defended by a citadel
which stands on a steep rock at the entrance, and
towards the land by strong outworks. The en-
trance, which is from the southwest, is a very
narrow and difficult passage. One of the cliief
advantages of the harbor of Brest is, that vessels
can go out with almost any wind. The principal
public buildings are the barracks, rope-walks,
cloth manufactories, forges and founderies ; the
immense naval arsenal and dock-yard ; the two
quays which encompjiss the harbor. Pop. 24,180-
127 m. W. Paris. Lon. 4° 28' 45" W. Lat. 48° 23'
14" N.
Breteuil, t. France, in Eure, 17 ra. S. W.
E%'reux.
Breteuil, t. France, 20 m. S. Amiens.
Bretlgny, v. France, in Eure and Loire, 3^m. fr.
Chartres.
Breton, r. Eng. falls into the Stour, near Had-
leigh.
Breton. See Cape Breton.
Bretomvoods, t.Coosco.N. H. 70 m. N. Concord.
136
B R I
B R I
Brett, r. Eng. in Essex, falls into the Stour.
Brett, Cape, the N. E. point of the Bay of Isl-
ands, in New-Zealand. Lon. 183° 24' W. Lat.
35° 10' S.
Brttten, or Brettheim, t. Germany, in Baden,
18 m. S. E. Spires, and 21 S. Heidelberg. -
Bretton, Monk, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 1^ m. fr.
Barnsley. Bretton, West, 6 m. fr. Barnsley.
Brevelle, p-L Natchitoches co. Louisiana.
Breusch, r. France, runs into the 111.
Brewer, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on Penobscot
river, 5 m. S. E. Bangor.
Brexcers Lagoon, bavon the coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84° 40' W: Lat. 15° 48' N.
Brewood, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 7 m. N. Wol-
verhampton.
Brewster, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass, on Barnsta-
ble-bay, 16 m. E. Barnstable. Pop. 1,112.
Brewton. See Bruton.
Brese, t. France, in Maine-q^d-Loire, 5 m. S.
Saumur.
BrezoUes, t. France, in the Eure-and-Loire, 22
m. N. W. Chartres.
Briaden, t. Syria, 100 m. N. N. E. Damascus.
Briam-on, t. France, in Upper Alps. Being
seated on the principal road across the Alps from
France to Piedmont, it is a barrier fortress of the
first importance, and is considered impregnable.
60 m. E. S. E. Grenoble. Lon. 6° 43' E. Lat.
44° 54' N.
Brianconnet, t. Savoy, on the Isere, near Mou-
tiers.
Briansk, t. Russia, in Orel, 95 m. N. W. Orel.
Pop. 4,000.
Briar creek, G eo. rises about 40 m. W, Augus-
ta, and runs S. E. into Savannah river, about half
way between Augusta and Savannah.
Briare, t. France, on the Loire, 33 m. E. S. E.
Orleans.
Briceland cross-roads, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
Bricherasco, t. Piedmont, 3 m. S. S. W. Pignerol.
Brick, r. Ireland, runs into the Cashin, 10 m.
N. Tralee.
Brickhoitse, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Brick-meetinghouse, p-v. Cecil co. Md.
Bricky, r. Ireland, runs into the bay of Dun-
garvan.
Bride, r. Ireland, falls into the Black- water.
Bridgebranch, or Bridgeville, p-v. Sussex co,
Del.
Bridgeford, v. Eng. 10 m. E. N. E. Nottingham.
Bridgehampton, p-v. in Southampton, Suffolk
CO. N. Y.
Bridgend, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, 20 m.'W.
Cardiff.
Bridgeness, s-p. Scotland, on the Frith of Forth,
17 m. W. Edinburgh.
Bridgenorfh, t. Eng. in Shropshire, on the Sev-
ern. It is an ancient royal borough, and sends
two members to parliament. 20 m. E, S. E.
Shrewsbury. Lon. 2° 80' W. Lat. 52° 38' N.
Pop. 4,179.
Bridgeport, s-p. and bor. in the township of
Stratford Ct. on Long-Island Sound, 3i m. W.
Stratford, I7i S. W. New-Haven. Pop. 1,089. It
has a bank, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Episcopalians, and 1 for Congregationalists. Ship-
ping in 1815, 1,414 tons,
Bridgeport, p-v. Harrison co, Va.
Bridgeport, t, Fayette co. Pa. on the Mononga-
hela, separated by Dunlap's creek, from Browns-
ville, which see.
Bridgetown, cap. of Barbadoes, on the S. W.
soast of the island, on the bay of Carlisle, which
is large enough to contain 500 ships. It is esteem-
ed one of the finest cities in the West Indies, but
has suffered severely at different times both from
fires and hurricanes, especially from the dreadful
storm of the 10th October, 1780, in which above
4000 of the inhabitants perished. Lon. 58° 38^
W. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Bridgetown, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 39 m.
N. W. Portland.
Bridgetown, p-t. and cap. Cumberland co. N. J.
on Cohauzie creek, 20 m. above its entrance into
Delaware bay, 50 m. S. S. E. Philadelphia. The
river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100
tons. Shipping in 1815, 14,493 tons. Here arc
a courthouse and jail, a bank, and an academy.
Bridgetown, t. Queen- Anne co. Md. on the W.
side of the Tuckahoe, 8 m. E. Centreville.
Bridgetown, p-t. Kent co. Md. on Chester river,
18 m. above Chester, 45 E. Baltimore.
Bridgewater, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the
Parret, 12 miles from the sea. The river is navi-
gable to this place for vessels of 200 tons.. 44 m.
S. W. Bristol. Lon. 2° 59' W. Lat 51° 7' N.
Pop. 4,911.
Bridgewater, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Mer-
rimack, 28 m. N. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,102.
Bridgewater, t. Windsor co. Vt. 17 m. N. W.
Windsor. Pop. 1,154.
Bridgewater, p-t Plymouth co. Mass. 22 m. S.
Boston. Pop. 5,155. Large quantities of hard-
ware, nails, &c. are manufactured here. There
is an academy in the south Parish.
Bridgewater, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 m. S.
Utica. Pop. 1,170.
Bridgewater, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,418.
Bridgewater, t. Somerset co. N. J. 3 m, N.
Boundbrook. Pop. 2,906.
Bridlington. See Burlington.
Bridport, s-p. Eng. in Dorsetshire. Its chief
manufactures are cordage, sailcloth, nets, and
twines of all descriptions. 15 m. W. Dorchester.
Lon. 2° 51' W. Lat 50° 41' N.
Bridport, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on lake Cham-
plain, opposite Crown-Point, 5 m. W. Middlebury.
Pop. 1,520.
Brie, district of Old France, now included in
the department of tlie Seine and Marne.
Brie, Comts-Robert, t France, 16 m. E. Paris.
Pop. 2,600.
Briec, t. France, in Finisterrc, 6 m. N. N. E.
Quimper.
Brieg, t. Silesia, on the Oder. The commerce
of the town is considerable, as are its manufac-
tures of hats, stockings, and woollen stuffs, 24 m.
S. E. Breslau. Lon. 17° 30' E. Lat 50° 48' N.
Pop. 8,700.
Brieg, t. in the Valais, on the Rhone, 28 m. E.
Sion.
Briel, t. Netherlands, on the N. side of tlie isl-
and of East Voorn, near the mouth of the Maese.
It has a large and commodious harbor. 13 m. S.
W. Rotterdam . Pop. 3,200.
Brienne, t France, in Aube, 14 m. N. W. Bar.
Brieno, v, Italy, on the lake of Como.
Brientz, v. Switzerland, 22 m. S. E. Bern.
Brietzen, i. Prussia, on the Oder, 32 m. E. Bei -
lin. Pop. 4,000.
Brietzen, t. Prussia, 34 m. S. W. Berlin.
Brig. See Glandford Brig.
Briga, La, t. Sardinian states, 22 m. N. E.
Nice.
Brighthelmstone, or Brighton, s-p. Eng. in Sue-
B R I
sex, at the bottom of a bay formed by Beachy
Head and Worthing Point, in the English chan-
nel. It is one of the most fashionable places of
resort, particularly for sea-bathing, in the king-
dom. The inhabitants subsist chiefly by the re-
sort of company and the produce of the fishery.
54 m. S. London. Pop. 12,012.
Brighton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 5 m. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 608. Here the cattle are driven for
the supply of Boston market. The Brighton
Cattle-show is under the direction of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural Society. Stalls are erected
for the cattle, and a building 70 feet by 36 for the
exhibition of Domestic Manufactures. Brighton
has many elegant country-seats.
Brighton, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the E. side
of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m, N. W. Ca-
nandaigua. In this town is the new village of
Carthage, and part of Rochester.
Brighton, t. Beaver co. Pa. at the fells of Big-
beaver creek.
Brightside Bierlow, or Brightside Ecclesall, t.
Eng. in Yorkshire, adjoining Sheffield. Pop.
6,569.
Brignais, t. France, 9 m. S. Lyons.
Brignolles, t. France, in Var, 20 m. N. Toulon.
Pop. 9,000.
Brihuega, t. Spain, in New Castile, 40 m. E. N.
E. Madrid.
Brilon, t. of the Prussian states, in the province
of Westphalia, 70 m. E. N. E. Cologne.
Brimjield, p-t.. Hampden co. Mass. 19 no, E.
Springfield, 70 W. Boston. Pop. 1,325.
Brindisi, the ancient Brunditsium, s-p. Naples,
in Terra d'Otranto, near the entrance of the gulf
of Venice, 35 m. N. W. Otranto. Lon. 17° 40' E.
Lat. 40° 48' N. Pop. 5,900.
Brindle, L Eng, in Lancashire, 5 m. W. Black-
burn.
BrinkleysvUle, p-v. Halifax co. N. C.
Brinon VArcheveque, t. France, in Yonne, 4 m.
W. St. Florentin.
Brioni, 3 islands in the Adriatic. Lon. 13° 33'
E. Lat. 45° 3' N.
Brionde, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 39 m. S. E.
Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,000.
Briqueras, v. Piedmont, 5 ra. S. Pignerol.
Brisach, Old, t. Baden, on the east banlc of the
Rhine, between Bale and Strasburg, 33 m. S.
Strasburg.
Brisach, Mic, t. and strong fortress, France, on
the W. bank of the Rhine, opposite Old Brisach,
in Baden, 8 m. E. Colmar, 33 S. Strasburg.
Brisgau, an extensive country, in Germany,
belonging, for the most part, to the grand duchy
of Baden, and now distributed among the circles
of the Wiesen, the Treisam, and the Kinzig.
Brissac, t. France, 11 m. S. Angers.
Brissarthe, t. France, 12 m. N. N. E. Angers.
Bristol, city, and county, Eng. between the
counties of Gloucester and Somerset, on the
Avon, which hei-e receives the Frome, and is
navigable for ships of great burthen. 'This city
has k>ng been celetirated for its many well con-
ducted and extensive charities. Amongst these
are a spacious infirmary, a Magdalen, a Blind asy-
lum, a Friend and Samaritan society, and many
large almshouses and charity schools. Among the
public buildings, are the exchange in corn-street ;
the commercial rooms, after the plan of Lloyd's
coffee-house in London ; the merchant's hall,
council-house, and guild-hall. It has manufacto-
ries of glass a.nd sugar, and large distiiieries. Its
B R I
127
brass works are the largest in England, and near
the city is a manufactory of pins, on a great scale.
It has long been engaged in a very extensive
foreign trade, chiefly with the West Indies. Us
commerce with Ireland is very extensive. Bristol
returns two members to parliament. About a
mile W. of the city, is the village of the Hot
Wells, celebrated for a tepid spring which has
been found a powei'ful specific in various mala-
dies. Bristol has a fine harbor, but formerly suf-
fered great inconvenience from ships being oblig-
ed to lie aground at the quays, at the influx of ev-
ery tide. Within a few years, however, this
difficulty has been completely removed, at an ex-
pense of nearly 600,000/. Pop. 76,433, but, in-
cluding the out-parishes, 100,000. 117 m. W.
London.
Bristol, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 13 m. E- Wis-
casset. Pop. 2,753.
Bristol, p-t. Addison co. Vt. 25 m. S. W. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 1,179.
Bristol, CO. Mass. bounded N. by Norfolk co. E,
by Plymouth co. S. by Buzzard's bay, W. by
Rhode-Island. Pop. 37,168. Chief towns, Taun-
ton and New-Bedford.
Bristol, CO. R. I. bounded N. andN. E.by Mas-
sachusetts, W. by Narraganset-bay, E. by Mount
Hope bay. Pop. 5,072. Chief t. Bristol.
Bristol, s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R. I. on the E.
shore of Narraganset bay, 13 m. N. Newport, 15
S. Providence. Lat. 41° 35' N. Pop. 2,693. It
has a safe and commodious harbor, and is a place
of considerable trade. Shipping in 1815, 6,944
tons.
Bristol, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 16 m. W. Hart-
ford. Pop. 1,428.
Bristol, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W. Ca-
nandaigua. Pop. 1,540.
Bristol, bor. and p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on Dela-
ware river, opposite Burlington, 20 m. above
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,636.
Bristol, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. N. War-
ren.
Bristol Bay, on the W. coast of N. America,
formed by the peninsula of Alaska on the S. and
Cape Newnham on the N. Lat. 58° 20' N.
Bristol Channel, between the S. coast of Wales,
and the county of Somerset, Devon, and Corn-
wall, in England.
Britain, commonly called Great Britain, lies
between 50° and^58A° N. lat. It is bounded N,
by the North sea, 'E. by the German ocean, S. by
the English channel, and W. by St. George's
channel and the' Atlantic. From N. to S. it ex-
tends about 580 miles ; its greatest breadth from
the North Foreland in Kent, to the Land's end in
Cornwall, is about 370, and it contains 87,50'.;
square miles.
The northern part of the island is mountainous
The principal minerals are coal, iron, tin, cop-
per, and lead. The annual value of the mineral
products of Great Britain and Ireland, is com-
puted at 9,000,000/. ; and the annual value of the
fisheries at 1,500,0007. The manufactures com-
prehend every variety of fabric; particularly,
wool, cotton, linen, silk, leather, glass, pottery,
iron, and the various metals. In 1814, the amount
of foreign wool imported, was 15,712,517 pounds,
and the value of woollen goods exported,
8,404,481/. The commerce of Britain consists al •
most wholly in the exchange of her manufacturer
for the rude produce of Europe and America. In
1815, the value of the exports was 60j983.8!?lf.
m
B R I
B R O
The revenue in 1816 was 67,926,899<. During
the late war the army amounted to 640,500 men,
and the navy consisted of more than 1,000 ships,
manned by 184,000 seamen. The population in
1810, including the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shet-
land islands, was 12,596,803; families 2,544,215,
of which 1,129,049 were employed in trade, man-
ufactures, or handicraft, 895,998 in agriculture,
and 519,168 in other ways.
Colonies in all quarters of the world are de-
pendent on the British islands. Of these, the
principal are two military posts in Europe : Gib-
raltar and Malta ; in Asia, the whole Indian pe-
ninsula, from about 23° N. lat. to Cape Comorin,
the island of Ceylon, New Holland, and others in
the Eastern and Southern oceans ; the Canadian
territories, Newfoundland, and West India islands
in America ; the Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Le-
one, and Goree, in Africa. The population of the
British islands and their dependencies is calcu-
lated to exceed 60 millions of men, of whom about
40 millions inhabit the Eastern hemisphere.
Britain, JVew, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon.
148° 5' W. Lat. 6° 50' S, It is separated from
Jfew Ireland on the north by a narrow channel.
Britain, JVew. The country lying round Hud-
son's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, com-
prehending Labrador, New Nortli and South
Wales, has obtained the general name of New
Britain, and is attached to the government of
XiO%ver Canada.
It is a dreary, desolate country. The surface,
to a great extent, is naked rock. The climate is
so cold, and the soil so barren, that nothing of the
vegetable kind can flourish here. Wild animals
are abundant. The j^rincipal are beavers, bears,
deer, raccoons, and musquashes, and the fur trade
is carried on with great spirit. On all the princi-
pal lakes, and at the mouth and' forks of nearly all
the considerable rivers, there are trading houses
established by the English. Here the Indians
bring the furs of the animals, which they kill in
hunting, and sell them for blankets, guns, pow-
der, beads, &c. The trade is carried on by two
companies of merchants : the Hudson'' s Bay com-
pany, and the JVorth-West company. The trade
of the former, is confined to the neighbourhood of
Hudson's bay; that of the latter extends from
lake Winnipeg to the Rocky mountains and the
Frozen ocean. The North- West company is
composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode
of travelling, in tliis country, is in birch bark ca-
noes. With these the inhabitants pass up and
down the rivers and lakes, and when they meet
with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to an-
other, they get out of the canoe and carry it on
their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged in
the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry
all their goods.
Briltany, or Bretagne, before the revolution,
one of the largest provinces of France. It occu-
pied the N. W. corner of the kingdom, and was
bounded S. E. by Poitou, E. by Anjou and Maine,
N. E. by Normandy. It contained 1,775 square
leagues, and 2,300,000 inhabitants. It is now di-
vided into the departments of Lower Loire, llle-
et-Vilaine, Finisterre, Morbihan, and Cotes du
Nord.
Britten, isl. in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 35° 15'
E, Lat. 71^6' N.
Bnres, t, France, la Correze, 14 ra. S. W.
Tulle.
Brivesai; x. France, in Correze, 18 m. E.
Brives.
Briviesca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 21 m. N. E.
Burgos.
Brivio, t. Italy, 18 m. N. N. E. Milan.
Brix, t. Bohemia, on the Bila, 40 m. N. W.
Prague. Lon. 13^ 40' E. Lat. 50° 30' N.
Brix, t. France, 5 m. W. Valognes.
Brixen, a secularised bishopric, of the Austrian
empire, now forming part of Upper Austria, Its
extent is about 374 square miles. Pop. 26,800.
Brixen, t, Austrian empire, in Tyrol, at the
junction of the Rienz and Eisach, 39 m. N. N. E.
Trent. Lon. 11° 37' 15" E. Lat 46° 40' N. Pop.
3,800.
Brixenstadt, t. Bavaria, 16 m. E. N. E. Wurtz-
burg.
Brixham, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, on the W.
side of Torbay. Pop. 4,341.
Brizembourg, t. France, 12 m. E. St Jean d' Au-
gely.
Broach, district. Hind, in Gujerat, between 21'*
and 32° N. lat. on the gulf of C'ambay. Broach,
the capital is in lon. 73° 6' E. lat. 21° 41' N.
Broadalbin, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 38 m.
W. Albany. Pop. 2,238.
Broadcreek, p-v. Queen Ann co. Md.
Broadcreek, t. Sussex co. Del.
Broadcreek, Md. runs into the Potomac, in
Prince George co. 5 ra. below Alexandria.
Broadjield, p-v. Westmoreland co. Va. 90 m. S.
Washington.
Broadhaven, bay, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 42' W. Lat. 54° 17' N.
Broadhead^s creek, Pa. runs into the Delaware
in Smithfield, Northampton co.
Broadkill, p-t. and hundred, Sussex co. Del. on
a creek which runs into Delaware-bay, 10 m.
N. Lewiston.
Broad river, S. C. is formed by the union of En-
noree, Tiger and Packolet rivers, and after flow-
ing 40 miles joins the Saluda above Columbia, to
form the Congaree.
Broad river, Geo. runs E. into Savannah river,
between Petersburg and Lisbon. The North
fork rises in Franklin county, and unites with the
South fork, 6 m. S. W. Elberton.
Broad-Stairs, v. Eng. in tlie isle of Thanet, 2
m. N. Ramsgate.
Broadwater, v. Eng. in Sussex, 1 m. fr. "Wor-
thing.
Brockdorf, v. Denmark, on the Elbe, 6 m. fr.
Gluckstadt.
Brockville, v. cap. of Leeds co. Up. Canada, on
the St. Lawrence ; 16 m. above Prescott. It is a
flourishing commercial place, in a well cultivated
and populous country.
Brod, t. and fort, Austrian empire, on the Save,
110 m. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 18° 10' E. Lat.
45° 20' N.
Brad, t. Bohemia, 18 m. E. Prague.
Brod, t. Bohemia, 60 m. S. E. Prague.
Brod, t. Moravia. Lon. 17° 39' E. Lat. 49° 2'
N.
Brodecz, t. Bohemia, on the Iser, 5 m. S. Jung
Buntzlau.
Brodera, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73° 24' E.
Lat. 22° 13' N.
Brody, t. Austrian Galicia. It carries on an
extensive commerce with Moldavia, Walachia,
the Crimea, and other parts of Turkey and Rus-
sia. 30 m. S. Lucko, Pop. 15,000, of whom
13,000 aj-eJewg.
B R O
Brodsiee, t. Russia, 48 m. E. Minsk.
Broek,v. Netherlands, 3ni. W. Monikeendam.
Broglio, t. Sardinian states, 15 m. N. E. Nice.
Broje, or Bruice, r. Switzerland, flows through
tiie lake of Morat into that of Ne«fchatel,
Brok, t. Poland, 45 m. E. S. E. Warsaw.
Broken Bay, New Holland. Lon, 151° 27' E.
Lat. 33° 34' S.
Broken-straw, t. Warren co. Pa. Pop. 379.
Broken-straiv-creck, p-v. Crawford oo. Pa.
Broken-slrau', creek. Pa, runs into the Allegha-
ny, 8 m. W. Warren.
Bromberg, t. Prussian states, in the grand duchy
of Posen, capital of the district of the Netze, and
of a department and circle of the same name, on
the Brahe. A canal connects the Brake, near
Bromberg, with the Netze, near Nackel. It is a
work of great importance, as completing the com-
munication between the Vistula, the Oder, and
the Elbe. 30 m. N. W. Thorn.
Brome, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, S. E.
Montreal. Pop. 600.
Bromham, t. Eng. in Wiltshire. 4 m. N. N.
W. Devizes.
Bromley, t. Eng. in Kent, 10 m. S. S. E. London.
Bromley'' s Isles, near the gulf of Carpentaria.
Lon. 136° 33' E. Lat. 11° 52' S.
Bromplon., v. Eng. 1 m. fr. London.
Brompton, v. Eng. in Yoi-kshire.
Brampton, t, Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on St. Francis river, 55 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Brompton on Swale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire.
Bromsebro, t. Sweden, 12 m. fr. Christianople.
Bromsgrove, t. Eng. 12 ni. N. N. E. Worcester.
Bromwick, West, t. Eng. in Staffordshire.
Bromyard, t. Eng. in Herefordshire.
Bromhorsl, t. Netherlands, 5 m. N. Zutphen.
Bronddragene, Danish isl. in the Baltic. Lon,
11° 27' E. Lat. 54° 37' N.
Brondolo, t. Lombard©- Venetian kingdom, 12
m. S. Venice.
Broni, t. Sardinian states, 10 m. S. W. Pavia.
Bronnikov, t. Russia, 2 m. N. Tobolsk.
Bronte, t. Sicily, near Mount Etna.
Bronx creek, N. Y. runs S. 28 miles, and falls
into East river, in Westchester.
Brooke, co. N. W. corner of Va. bounded N. and
W. by Ohio, E. by Pennsylvania, S. by Ohio coun-
ty. Pop. 5,843. Slaves 332. Chief t. Wells-
burg.
Brookjield, i. Stratford co.N. H. 31 m. N. N. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 657.
Brookjield, t. Orange co. Vt. 17 m. S. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 1,384.
Brool^eld, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. W.
Worcester, 58 W. Boston. Pop. 3,170. It is one
of the oldest and most popidous towns in the coun-
ty. It contains two parishes. West Brookjield is
4 m. W. of the East parish, and contains a print-
ing office.
Brookjield, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 6 m. N. E. Dan-
bury, 33 N. W. New-Haven. Pop. 1,037.
Brookjield, p-t. xMadison co. N. Y. 22 m. S. Uti-
ca. Pop. 4,042.
BrooJ0eld, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 15 m. E.
Warren. Pop. 345.
Brookhaven, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long-Isl-
and. It extends from the Sound to the Atlantic,
between Riverhead and Southampton E. and Islip
and Smithtown W. and contains 9 post-offices, viz.
Brookhaven, Setauket, Stony-brook, Middletown,
Patchogue, Fireplace, Forge, Drowned-Meadow,
2,uCl Morrifhd'. Pop. 4.176.
17
B R O
I2d
Brook-hill, p-v. Montgomery co. Tennesee.
Brookline, t. Hillsborough co. New-Hampshire,
33 m. S. by W. Concord. Pop. 538.
Brookline, t. Windham co. Vt. 40 m. S. Windsor.
Pop. 431.
Brookline, t. Norfolk co. ?.Iass. 5 m. S. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 784. Here are many elegant country-
seats. Across the bay which sets up from Charles
river between this place and Boston, a mill-datm
is erected.
Brooklyn, p-t. and cap. Windham co. Ct. on the
W. side of the Quiuebaug, .20 m. N. Norwich.
'Pop. 1,200.
Brooklyn, p-t. Kings co. N. Y. on Long-Island,
opposite N. York city, from which it is separated
by East river, J of a mile wide. Pop. 4,402. The
Wallabout is a tract of land on the N. E. of the
village, round a small bay. It is the site of one of
the United States navy-yards. A battle was
fought in this town, Aug. 27, 1776, when the
Americans were defeated by the British.
Brooks, p-t. Hancock co. Maine.
Brooksrillc, t. Hancock co. Maine.
Brookville, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. on the W.
side of the Patuxent, 22 m. N. Washington.
Brookville, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Indiana, in
the forks of White- water river, 20 m. N. Lawrence-
burg, and 42 N. W. Cincinnati, on the Ohio. It
was laid out in 1811, and already contains nearly
100 buildings, a market-house, a brick court-
house and jail. The river can be easily made
navigable to Brookville, which will be the empori-
um of trade lor an extensive fertile country.
Broome, co. N. Y. on the Susquehannah. Pop.
8,129. Chief t. Chenango,
Broome, p-t. Schoharie co. N, York, 35 m, S.
W, Albany. Pop. 1,942.
Broons, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Dinant. Lorn
2° 7' W, Lat. 48° 15' N.
Broos, t, Transylvania, near the Marosch, S.
W, Weissenburg,
Brora, lake, Scotland, in Sutherland county.
Broseley, t. Eng. in Salop, on the Severn, 5 m.
N. W. Bridgennorth. Pop. 4,850.
Brossac, t. France, 12 m. S. W, Angouleme.
Brothers-Valley, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop.
1,314.
Brotherton, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 ra. from Pon-
tefract.
Brotherton, Indians, 400 in No. near Oneida
Lake, N, Y,
Brothic, r. Scotland, runs into the sea at Aber-
brothock.
Brotterode, v. Germany, 3 m. N. SmalkalcL
Brou, t. France, 10 m. N. W. Chateau-Dun.
Brouette, r. Indiana, joins the Wabash from the
N. above Fort Harrison.
Brouage, t. France, between the mouths of the
Garonne and Charente.
Brought on, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
36 m. S. Quebec.
Broughton, Great, v. Eng. in Yorkshire.
Broiighton in Fumess, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 10
m. N. N. W. Ulverstone.
Broughton, t. Eng. 2 m. S. W. Stockbridge.
Broughton' s Archipelago, islands of the Pacific,
on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 232^ 56' to
233° 40' E. Lat. 50° 33' to 51° N.
Brmghty Ferry, v. Scotland, on the Tay, 4 m.
E. Dundee.
Broi's.fp, ^. Trance. 20 m. E. Clermont-Fer-
rand.
130
B R U
B R U
Browersliaven, t. Netherlands, 8 ni. !S. W. Hei-
voetsluys. Lon. 3° 48' E. Lat. 5 1° 44' N.
JSrown, CO. Ohio, on the Ohio, between Adams
and Clermont cos. Chief t. Ripley.
Brown, t. Stark co. Ohio. Top. in 1819, 300.
B rownjield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco riv-
er, 28 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 388.
Browningion, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 55 in. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 236.
Brow7isburg,p-t. Rockbridge co. Pa. 12 m. N.
E. Lexington.
Brownsburg,p-v. Washington co. Ten.
Brown s comer, p-v. Kennebec co. Maine.
Brown'' s cross roads, p-v. Pike co. Oliio, 15 m.
N. VV. Piketon, 24 S. W. Chilicothe.
Brown's Passage, N. W. coast of America, be-
tween Dundas and Stephen's islands, leading
into Chatham's sound.
Brown'' s Point, cape at the S. end of Tobago.
Lon. 60° 40' W. Lat. 11° 10' N.
Brown'' s Smind, on the N. W. coast of America,
ih lat. 55^- 18' N. lon. 132'' 20' W.
Brownstown, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Indiana,
60 m. N. Corydon.
Brotcnsville, bor. and p-t. Fayetty co. Pa. on the
S. bank of the Monongahela, 33 m. S. Pittsburg,
12 N. W. Union, 57 E. S. E. Wheeling. Pop.
(including Bridgeport,) estimated in 1817 at 3 or
4,000. Nextto Pittsbui'g, it isthe most consider-
able place in the western part of the State. It
has a bank, and printing office, and in its vicinity
numerous mills and abundance of coal. Above
100 boats, each of 100 tons burthen, are annually
made here for the trade on the Ohio. The town
is built on the side of a hill rising 300 feel above
the level of the Monongahela. Here is a steel
manufactory, capable of making annually 70 tons
of steel.
Brownsville, p-v. Marlborough-district, S. C.
Brownsville, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Illinois, on
Muddy river, 40 m. S. E. Kaskaskias.
Brownville, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. N.
Bangor. Pop. 136. In 1810, the country between
Brownville and the Chaudiere was explored, and
the distance to St. Francois, on that river, found to
be 100 miles.
Brownville, p-t. Jefferson go. N. Y. on Black
river, 5 m. above its mouth.
Broyle, harbour, cape, and settlement oh the E.
aide of Newfoundland, 15 m. N. E. Aquafort, 30
S. W. St. John's.
Bruca, r. Sicily falls into the gulf of Catania.
Bruc de Grignols, t. France, 10 m. S. W. Peri-
^eux.
Braceville, p-v. Knox co. Indiana.
Bruchhausen, t. Germany, on the Weser, 6 m.
W. Hoya.
Bmrhsal,t.Ba.den, 11 m. S. E. Spires. Lon.
8° 55' E. Lat. 49° 8' N.
Bruck, or Brngg, t. Switzerland, 21 m. S. Basle.
Bruck, t. Bavaria, 17 m. N. N. W. Anspach. '
Bruek, t. Prussia, 10 m. S. W. Potsdam.
Bruck, t. Bavaria, 18 m. N. N. E. Ratisbon.
Bruck on the Sniper, t. Bavaria, 8 m. W. Munich.
Bruck on the Leylha, t. Austria, 20 m. E. S. E.
Vienna.
Bruck on the Mur, t. Austrian empire, 70 m. S.
'VV. Vienna.
Bruchenau, t. Germany, 14 m. S. Fulda.
Brue, or Brutt, r. Eng. falls into £he Bristol
channel.
Bruges, a large and opulent city of Netherlands,
situated in a spacious and beautiful plain, about 6
miles from the sea. It is intersected by a great
number of canals. The principal are those lead'
ing to Sluys and Ostend. In the 14th century, it
was one of the greatest places of commerce in Eu-
rope, forming an important branch of the Hanse-
atic confederacy ; but towards the end of the 15th
oentury it began to decline, and Antwerp became
its rival. It still carries on a considerable trade
with Ostend, Sluys, Ghent, and the North of Eu-
rope. The principal public buildings are the
town-house, the exchange, and lycee, and the
church of Notre Dame, with its elevated spire ;
12 m. E. Ostend, 22 N. E. Ghent, 33 N. E. Dun-
kirk. Lon. 3° 13' 33" E. Lat. 51° 12' 33" N. Pop.
45,000.
Bruggen or Bruck, t. of the Prussian states, in
the grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. E.
Ruremonde.
Bruggen, v. Hanover, 12 m. S. W. Hildesheim.
Brughan, r. Wales, flows into the Severn.
Brugnelto, v. Sardinian states, 35 E.S. E. Genoa-
Bruguiere, La, l. France, 5 m. S. Castres.
Brii/d, t. Prussian states, in the grand duchy oi
the Lower Rhine, 6 m. S. Cologne.
Bruko, t. West Africa. Lon. 13° 49' W. Lat.
13° 18' N.
Brule river, N. W. Territory, runs into Lake
Superior from the S. W. It has a communication,
though precarious and difficult, with the St. Croix
of the Mississippi.
Brunswick, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 65 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 143.
Brulon, t. France, 9 m. N. Sable.
Brullos. See Bourlos.
Bnimalh, t. France, 11 m. N. Strasburg.
Brunegg, t. Austrian empire, 16 m. N. E. Brix-
en. Lon. 1 1 » 58' E. Lat. 46° 45' N.
Brunett, fort. Piedmont, near Susa.
Brvniquel, t. France, 24 m. S. S. E. Cahors.
Brunn, cap. of Moravia. It is fortified with
trenches and bastions. It is the seat of the gov-
ernment offices for the whole of Moravia. Plerft
are manufactures of fine cloth, silk stuffs, hair
cloth, and soap. The states meet here and at Ol-
mufz alternately. 32 m. S. W. Olmutz, 100 S. E.
Prague, 156 S. E. Dresden. Lon. 16° 35' 21" E.
Lat. 49° 11'28"N.
Brunn, t. Lower Austria, 8 m. W. Ebenfurt.
Brunnen, t. Switzerland, 2i ra. S. W. Schweitz.
Bruno, r. Tuscany, runs into the lake of Cas-
tiglione.
Brunshultel, v. Denmark, 40 m. N. W. Ham-
burgh.
Brunshausen, v. Hanover, on the Elbe, 6 m. N.
Stade.
Brunswick, duchy of, or as it is sometimes
called, Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel, to distinguish it
from Brunswick-Luneburg, consists of two nar-
row and detached territories, stretching from N.
E. to S. W. in the southern part of the kingdom of
Hanover, by which it is nearly surrounded. It
contains 1,572 square miles, 209,600 inhabitants,
and in the new constitution of Germany it has 2
votes in the general assembly, and, united with
Nassau, 1 in the federative diet. Brunswick-
Luneburg, was formerly an independent prin-
cipality, but now forms a province in the kingdom
of Hanover. See Hanover and Luneburg.
Brunswick, fortified t. and cap. of the principality
of Wolfenbuttel, on the Ocker. Its celebrated Col-
legium Carolinum was founded in 1745, and affords
instruction in the languages, ai'ts, sciences, and
polite exercises. The principal mamifactitres are.
B R U
B R Z
131
wool, yam, linen, porcelain, paste-board, arid pa-
3er-hang:ings. The traffic in home produce, as
well as the carrying trade, is of some consequence,
and the great Brunswick fairs rank next to tlK)se of
Leipsic and Frankfort Pop. 29,650. 7 m. N.
Wolfenbuttel, 47 W. N. W. Magdeburg. I.on.
10° 29' 30" E. Lat. 52° 15' 43" N.
Brunswick, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the
S. W. side of the Androscoggin, 30 m. N. E. Port-
land. Pop. in 1810, 2,682. The falls of the Andros-
coggin furnish many valuable seats for mills and
manufactories.
Bowdoin college was founded in this town by
the legislature of Massachusetts, and endowed by
them with grants of land in Maine. It was incor-
porated in 1794, and went into operation in 1802.
Its name was given it in honour of Gov. Bowdoin,
its most liberal benefactor. It resembles Harvard
college in its mode of instruction and government.
It has, a president, 2 professors, and 2 tutors. The
number of scholars is between 50 and 60. A
chemical apparatus, an excellent philosophical
apparatus, and a very respectable mineralogical
cabinet belong to the college. Its funds were es-
timated in 1812, at about 88,000 dollars, of which
53,000 were in real estate. The income was
about 3,000 dollars. The library contains be-
tween 4,000 and 5,000 volumes.
, Brunswick, JVew, one of the four British prov-
inces in N. America, bounded S. by the bay of
Fundy, W. by the United States, N. by Canada,
and E. by the gulf of St. Lawrence. The lands
on the rivers, especially on St. John's river, are
very fertile. The tjmber with which the uplands
are covered, and the codfish, salmon, and herring,
which abound in the rivers and on the coast, are
the principal productions of the country, and are
exported in considerable quantities. Pop. about
60,000.
Brurksivick, (JVew,) city, New-Jersey, Middle-
sex CO. on the S. W. bank of the Raritan, 16 m.
N. E. Princeton, 33 S. W. New- York, 57 N. E.
Philadelphia. Pop. in 1810, including the
township, 6,312. It contains a court-house, jail,
college edifice, and 5 houses for public worship ;
1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for
Episcopalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists.
The situation of the town is low, but not unhealthy.
Qween's college was founded in this city by min-
isters of the Reformed Dutch church, for the ed-
ucation of their clergy, and incorporated in 1770.
For a long period, its prospects were gloomy, and
its success discouraging. In 1810, a Theological
seminary was established in the city by the Gen-
eral Synod of the Reformed Dutch churches, and
to a certain extent connected with the college.
The two departments, however, are maintained
wholly by different funds, and are amenable to dif-
ferent tribunals. The college edifice is of stone, 3
stories high, and unfinished. The exercises of the
college have for some time past been suspended,
and the building appropriated to the accommoda-
tion of theological students. The library contains
700 or 800 volumes. The Theological department
has 2 professors, and about 15 students.
Brunswick, t. Essex co, Vt. on Connecticut riv-
er, 65 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 148.
Brunswick, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 5 m. E. Troy.
Pop. 2,302 .
Brunswick, co. Va. between Nottaway and
Meherrin rivers. Pop. 15,411. Slaves, 9,368.
Brunswick^ co. N. C. on the sea-coast, at the
mouth of Cape Fear river. Pop. 4,778. Slaves;
2,254. Chief t. Smithville.
Brunswick, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,770.
Brunswick, t. Brunswick co. N. C. on Cape
Fear river, 30 ra. above its mouth, 17 below Wil-
mington.
Brunwsick, s-p. and cap. Glynn co. Geo. on the
N. bank of Turtle river, about 10 m. S. Darien,
80 S. S. W. Savannah. Lat. 31° 10' N. It has
only 2 or 3 houses, but its harbor is safe, and spa-
cious enough to contain a large fleet, and the
depth of water on its bvis sufficient for the larg-
est vessel. It has been proiX)sed to connect it by
a canal with the Alatamaha river. Shipping in
1815, 1,049 tons.
Brunys hie, S. E. coast of Van Dieman's land.
On the E. it is penetrated almost to the centre by
Adventiu-e bay. Lon. 147^^ 29' E. Lat. 43° 21' S.
Bruree, v. Ireland, 15 m. S. Limerick.
Brus, r. Switzerland, empties into lake Lu-
cerne.
Brush creek, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Mus-
kingum river, 4 m. below Zanesville.
Brush creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, in Ad-
am's county. It has good mill seats; ironworks
are erected on it, and a vast quantity of hollow
iron ware is made.
Brussels, city, Netherlands, in Brabant, partly
in a plain, and partly on a hill, at the foot of which
flows the Senne. It is the richest and gayest city
of Brabant, and one of the most splendid in Eu-
rope. In the great market place stands the Hotel
de Ville, an old edifice in the Gothic style ; with a
turret 364 feet high, and surmounted by a gi-
gantic figure of St. Michael, in copper, 17 feet
high. I'he church of St. Gudule is a magnificent
structure, adorned with beautifid paintings. The*
chapel of Notre Dame is likewise an elegant
building, and the chui'ch of the Capuchins was
one of the finest, that order possessed in Eu-
rope. There are several elegant mansions be-
longing to noblemen, mo.=tof which contain valua-
ble paintings. But the chief oinaments of Brus-
sels, are its public walks, which are not surpassed
in beauty by those of any city in Europe.
The manufactures of this city are veiy cele-
brated, particularly its lace, camlets, and car-
pets; also its carriages, which, for cheapness and
elegance, surpass even those of London and Paris.
It carries on considerable trade, by means of the
canals which connect it with the Scheldt. 23 m. S.
Antwerp, 26 S. E. Ghent, 155 N. N. E. Paris. Lon.
4° 22' 15" E. Lat. 50° 50' 59" N. Pop. in 1817,
80,000.
Bnissou; t. of the Prussian states, in the Ucker
Mark of Brandenburg, 12 m. N.E. Prenzlow.
Bruton, t. Eng. in Somerset, 12 m. S. W.
Frome.
Brutus, p-t. Cayuga CO. N, Y. on the Erie canal,
5 m. N. E. Auburn. Pop. 2,030.
Bruyercs, t. France, 10 m. W. S. W. St. Diey.
Bruyerrs, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Laon.
Bryan, co. Geo. on the sea coast, separated
from Chatham co. by Ogechee river. Pop. 2,827.
BryanCs cross-roads, p-v. Northampton co.
N. C.
Bryant slick, a S. E. branch of Green river. Ken.
Brzcsc, or Brsestz Liter, t. Russia, cap. of a
circle in Grodno, at the influx of the Muchawiec
into the Bug, 100 m. E. Warsaw. Lon. 23° SOT
E. Lat. 52° 2' N.
Breesc, t. Poland, 80 m. W. N. W. Warsaw
Brzeznitz. t. Bohemia, 33m. S. Prachiu.
132
BUG
B U K
JBwa, or The Isle of Partridges, in the N. part of
the Adriatic. Lon. 16° 30' E. Lat, 43° 20' N.
Buarcos, t. Portugal, 21 m. S. W. Coinibra.
Bucalena, t. Chili, 60 m. S. Valparaiso.
Buccari, t. Austrian empire, on the E. side of
the gulf of Venice. It has a capacious harbor ; 6
m. E. Fiume.
Buccheri, t. Sicily, 20 m. N. W. Syracuse.
Buck, Tete de, t France, 32 m. S. by W. Bor-
deaux.
Buchan, district, Scotland, comprehending part
of the counties of Aberdeen and Banff.
Buchan-JVess, the most eastern point of land in
Scotland. Lon. 1° 43' W. Lat. 57° 25' N.
Bucharia. See Bukkaria.
Bucharest, t. Eu. Turkey, cap. of Walachia.
It lies on the Dembrowitza, and is partly forti-
fied. The houses are, for the most part, wretched
clay huts, and the common pavement of the
streets is of wooden logs. Tlie prevailing religion
is the Greek, and the town is. the seat of an arch-
bishop. 250 m. N. N. W. Constantinople. Loa.
25° 51' E. Lat. 44° 29' N. Pop. about 60,000.
Buchav, t. Germany, 24 m. S. W. Ulm. Lon.
9° SS" E. Lat. 48° 6' N.
Buchau, t. Bohemia, 6 m. E. S. E. Carlsbad.
Buchcn, t. in Baden, 22 m. E. Heidelburg.
Buchenberg, t. Bavaria, 5 m. W.. S. W. Kemp-
ten.
Buchholtz, V. Prussia, 23 m. S. S. E. Berlin.
Buchloe, t. Bavaria, 18 m. S. S. W^. Augsburg.
Buchorn, t. Wirtemberg, on the lake of Con-
stance, 13 m. E. Constance.
Buchiceiler, t. France, 13 m. W. Haguenau.
Bitchy, V. France, 12 m. N. E. Rouen.
Buck, t. Prussian states, 15 m. S. W. Posen.
Buckau, isl. in the bay of Howakil, Abyssinia.
Lon. 40° 30' E. Lat. 15° N.
Buckeburg, t. Germany, 3 m. E. Minden.
Buckenham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 14 m. S. W.
Norwich.
Buckjield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. S. Paris.
Pop. 1,251.
Buckhanan, p-t. Harrison co. Va.
Biickhareti, t. Scotland, in Fife, situated on the
N. side of the Forth.
Buckhead creek, r. Geo. runs S. into the Oge-
chee, about 60 miles below Louisville.
Buckhorn-falls, p-v. Chatham co. N. C.
Bv/^kie, i. Scotland, in Banff, 5 m. W. CuUen.
Buckinghanh, co. Eng. bounded N.by Northamp-
tonshire, E. by Bedford, Hertford, and Middle-
sex, S. by Berkshire, and W. by Oxford. It con-
tains 748 square miles, or 478,720 acres, of which
328,000 are arable and in pasture, and 20,000 in
wood. It is celebrated for corn and cattle. Poj>.
in 1811, 117,650; families 25,201, of which
13,933 are engaged in agriculture, and 8,424 in
trade and manufactures.
Buckingham, t. Eng. cap. of Buckinghamshire,
on the Ouse. The principal manufacture is
white thread lace. Pop. 3,500. 57 m. W. N. W.
"London.
Buckingham, co. Lower Canada, chiefly in the
district of Three-Rivers, on the S. side of the St.
Lawrence.
Buckingham, t. York co. Lower-Canada, on
Ottaway river, N. W. Montreal.
Buckingham, co. Va. on James river, and ex-
tending S. to the Appomatox. Pop. 20,059. Slaves,
11,675. Chief t. New-Canton.
Buckingham, p-t. Bucks c^. Pa. Pop. 1,715.
Buckingham, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 153.
Biwkland, t. Hertford co. Lower-Canada, 18 m.
S. E. Quebec.
Bucklnnd, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. S. W.
Greenfield. Pop. 1,097.
Buckland, p-t. Pi'iace W^illiam co. Va. 40 m. S.
W. Washington. '
Bucklestown, t. Berkeley co. Va. 8 m. fr. Mar-
tinsburg.
Buckmi, t Prussia, 28 m. E. Berlin.
Bucks, CO. Pa. on Delaware river. It has Phil-
adelphia and Montgomery counties S. W. and
Northampton co. N. W. Pop. 32,371. Chief t,
Bristol.
Buckskin, t. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W. Chili-
cothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,080.
Bucksport, formerly Buckstown, p-t. Hancock
CO. Maine, on the E. side of the Penobscot, 25 m.
E. Castine.
Bucktown, t. Dorchester co. Md. on the E.
shore, 8i m. S. Cambridge.
Buda, city, and cap. of Lower Hungary, on
the W. bank of the Danube. It has communica-
tion by an immense bridge of boats, with the op-
posite town of Pest. It is the first commercial
city in Hungarv. It is also famous for its hot
baths. 125 m. E. S. E. Vienna, 150 N. N. W.
Belgrade. Lon. 19° 2' 30" E. Lat. 47° 29' 44" N.
Pop. 30,000.
Budarin, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 36
m. S. S. W. Uralsk.
Budaron, t. and district of Hind, in Delhi. The
town is in lon. 79° 4' E. lat. 28° 3' N.
BuMaruck, or Badruck, t Hind. 33 m. S. W.
Balasore.
Budderwas, t. Hind. 20 m. N. N. E. Budawur.
Buddersdale. See Botedale.
Bude, s-p. Eng. in Cornwall. Lon. 4° 45' W.
Lat. 50° 56' N.
Budelich, t. Prussian states, 11 m. E. Treves.
Buderich, t. Prussian states, on the Rhine, 20-
m. S. E. Cleves.
Budianoivcze, v. Austrian empire, 14 m. from
Carlowitz.
Budin, t. Bohemia, 20m. N.Prague.
Budincze, v. Sclavonia, 1 1 m. E. Ruma.
Budingen, t. Germany, 10 m. E. N. E. Frank?
fort on the Maine.
Budissan, t. Moravia, 20 m. S. E. Iglan.
Budleigh, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 12 m. S. Ex-
eter.
Budneera, t. Hind. 36 m. E. S. E. Burhampour.
Budoa, t. Austrian empire, on the coast of Dal-
matia. Lon. 18° 59' E. Lat. 42° 31' N.
Budnwk, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 86° 44' E.
Lat. 21° 5' N.
Budweis, a circle of Bohemia, separated from
Austria by a chain of high mountains. Pop.
170,000. Budweis, the chief town, is on the
Moldau, 66 m. S. Prague, and contains 4,600 in-
habitants.
BvAweilz, t. Moravia, 15 m. N. W. Znaym.
Budziac Tartars. See Bessarabia.
Bueib, el, v. Egypt, 20 m. N. E. Cairo.
Buenaire, isl. in W. Indies, belonging to the
Dutch. Itis52m. E.Curacoa. Lon. 67° 36' W.
Lat. 12° 26' N.
Buenaventura, a Spanish settlement on the
coast of New California. Lat. 34° 16' N.
Buenaventura, s-p. S.America, 200m. W. Santa
Fe de Bogota. Lat. 3^ 56' N.
Buenos Ayres, formerly* a viceroyalty, in S.
America, under the dominion of Spain, but now
independent, under the title of the ITniled Provtn-
B U E
B U H
138
Kes of South America. It is bounded N. by Peru
and Brazil, E. by Brazil, S. E. by the Atlantic, S.
by Patagonia, and W. by the Andes which sepa-
rate it from Chili and Peru. It is about 1,600
miles long, and 1,000 broad, containing 1,300,000
square mUes. The northern and central parts,
embracing one half the territory, are in the pos-
session of the Indians.
This country is watered by the great river La
Plata and its numerous branches. The western
provinces bordering on the Andes, are mountain-
ous ; the territory east of the Paraguay and Pa-
rana, is a fine, waving, well watered country,
while the intermediate district lying between the
Paraguay and the mountains, and extending from
N. to S. through the whole length of the country,
consists of extensive plains. The principal pro-
ductions are cattle and the precious metals. Ag-
riculture is neglected, although the soil is fertile,
and would yield wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, &c.
in abundance. The vast plains and pampas are
covered with immense herds of horses, mules and
cattle, and a large portion of the population are
constantly employed in tending them. Gold and
silver mines are found in all the provinces border-
ing on the Andes. The richest is the silver mine
of Potosi, which has been wrought nearly 3 cen-
turies, and yields several millions of dollars annu-
ally. The principal exports are gold, silver,
hides, beef and tallow. The imports are manu-
factured goods, principally from Great Britain.
Mules in immense droves are collected every year
at Salta, from the southern provinces, and thence
sent over the Andes to Peru. The population is
estimated at 2,000,000, of which number 700,000
are civilized Indians. The number of independ-
ent Indians is unknown. The government of this
counti-y, for several years has bcjn in an unset-
tled state ; the different provinces having been at
war with each other, as well as with the mother
country.
Buenos Ayres city, S. America, and cap. of the
province of Buenos Ayres, is agreeably situated
in a plain, on the S. W. side of the river Plata, 200
miles from its mouth. Lon. 57° 24' W. Lat. 34°
35' S. It is built with great regularity, and the
principal streets display both taste and opulence.
The houses are generally built of brick, with flat
roofs, and some of the public buildings are large
and splendid. There is no harbor at Buenos
Ayres, nor so much as a mole to facilitate the
landing of boats. Ships can only come within 3
leagues of the town ; there they unload their goods
into boats, which carry them into a little river
named Rio Chuels, whence they are transported
in carts to the town. The navigation of the river
Plata to Buenos Ayres is very dangerous, owing
to rocks and shallows, and also to the winds which
rush from the vast plains S. W. of Buenos Ayres,
with unequalled fury.
This city is the outlet for the produce, not only
of the country watered by the river Plata and its
branches, but also of that of the mining districts
of Peru and Chili ; and the same extensive terri-
tory is furnished with foreign goods from this city.
This trade is carried on principally by land. The
abundance of cattle, horses and nuiles, furnisji fa-
cilities for transportation, not to be found in any
other country. Wood is very scarce in the neigh-
borhood of Buenos Ayres. The population is es-
timated at from 60 to 70,000.
Buen Retiro. See Madrid.
Buero. See Bouro.
Biifalo, Porto, s-p. Turkey, on the S. W. coa*
of NegK)pont. Lon. 24° 15' E. Lat. 38° 13' N.
Bufalora, v. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 15
m. W. Milan.
Buffaloe Lake, North America, near Copper-
mine river, in lon. 11 1° W. lat 67° 12' N.
Buffalo, p-t. port of entry and cap. Niagara co.
N. Y. at the outlet of Lake Erie, 22 m S. Niagara
falls, 80 N. E. by E. Erie, 240 E. Sandusky,
302 E. Detroit, 222 N. N. E. Pittsburg, 291 W.
Albany. Pop. 1,508. Being situated on the best
channel of intercourse between the Atlantic and
the regions of the West, it is destined to become a
great emporium of trade. The depth of water in
Buffalo creek is sufficient for a harbor, being 12 or
14 feet, for a mile from its mouth, and the breadth
is from 12 to 16 rods. Its only obstruction is the
sand and gravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of
wind. It is proposed to remedy this by construct-
ing a pier, or mole. At present, the vessels on the
Lake, harbor at Black- Rock, 2 miles down the Ni-
agara. Buffalo was burnt by the British during
the late war, but has been since rebuilt.
Buffalo, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 570.
Buffalo, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,416.
Buffalo, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,150,
Buffalo, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 375.
Buffalo, p-v. Mason co. Va.
Buffalo, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek,
6 m. S. Cambridge.
Buffalo, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Buffalo, r. Niagara co. N. Y. runs into Lake
Erie at Buffalo. \
Buffalo, r. Pa. runs into the W. branch of the
Susquehannah, above Lewisburg.
Buffalo creek, Va. runs into the Ohio above
Wheeling.
Buffalo creek, rises in N. C. and runs into Broad
river, in S. Carolina.
Buffalo creek, Geo. runs into the Oconee, 30 or
40 m. below Milledgeville.
Buffalo, r. Mississippi, runs into the Mississippi,
2 m. above Fort Adams, at Loftus' heights.
Buffalo fork, Arkansaw territory, rises near the
N. bank of the Arkansaw, and running 180 miles
N. E. joins White river 700 miles above its mouth.
Bug, or Bog, r. Poland, has its source in Gali-
cia, and falls into the Vistula a little above the
town of Zakroczyn, N. W. of Warsaw. It forms
the boundary between the kingdom of Poland and
the Russian governments of Volhynia and Grodno.
Buga, city, S. America, 15 leagues N. E. Po-
payan. Lat. 2° 58' N.
Bugano, isl. off the S. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 102° 25' E. Lat. 5° 20' S.
Bugden, or Buckden, t. Eng. in Huntingdon, 30
S. Stamford.
Bugeij, formerly a province of France, which
lay between Franche Comte, Bresse, Dauphiny,
and Savoy, now included in the department of the
Ain.
Buggess. See Boni Bay.
Bugia. See Boujeiah.
Bugie, V. A. Turkey, 3 m. S. Smyrna.
Bugie, s-p. Egypt, on the Red Sea. Lon. 38'
40' E. Lat. 22° 15' N.
Buglowton, t. Eng. in Cheshire.
Bvgue, Le, t. France, 18 m. S. S. E. Perigueux.
Bngulma, t. Russia, in Upha. Lon. 52° 24' E.
Lat. .54° 39' N.
Buguruslansk, t. Russia, 140 m. W. S. W. Upha.
Buhawulpore, district Hind, on both sides of
the Hyphasis, oz Ghurra, bounded E. and S. by
134
B U L
B D M
Biccanee, W. and N. by Moultan. Jjufuiwulporc,
the cap. is on the E. bank of the Hyphasis, in lat.
30° 40' N. Ion. 71° 45. E. 70 m. fr, Moultan.
Buhl, t. in Baden, 9 m S. S. VV. Rastadt. Lon.
8° 12' E. Lat. 48° 44' N.
Bujalance, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 m. E. Cor-
dova.
Bvjana, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 7l<^ 25' E.
Lat. 22° 55. N.
Buillh, t. Wales, in Brecknock co. on the Wye,
14 m. l"r. New Radnor.
Buinaah, Point, Ireland, tlie S. cape at the en-
trance of Newport bay. Lon. 9° 43' W. Lat. 43°
46' N.
Buis, Le, t. France, 45 in. S, E. Valence. Lon .
S° 21' E. Lat. 44° 17' N.
Buisaco, r. Quito, enters the Juanambu.
Buiirago, t. Spain, 36 m. N. Madrid. Lon. 3°
53" W. Lat. 41° 1' N.
Bukharia, Bukhara, or Bokhara, said to signify
the Country of Learned Men, a country of Asia,
whose limits are not exactly defined by modern
geographers. It is commonly called Great Buk-
haria, in contradistinction to a country called Lit-
tle Bukharia, which bounds it on the east. On
the N. and W. it seems to be bounded by Karasm
and Turkestan, and on the S. by Persia and Nor-
thern Hindostan. It extends, according to the
most accurate estimate, about 700 miles from N.
to S. and 350 from E. to W. It is believed to be
divided into three provinces (though they are cer-
tainly not ruled by the same government,) Buk-
haria proper, Samarcand, and Bulkh. The coun-
try is v/atered by the Sihoon on the N. the Amu,
or Oxus, on the S. and the Sogd. It is inhabited
by two distinct races, one called Taujiks, Tajiks,
or Taujets, and the othei", Usbecks, a principal
tribe of Tartars. This country was called by the
ancients Sogdiana.
Bukharia, Bok/iara, or Bogar, a city of Asia,
cap. of Great Bukharia, on a branch of the Oxus,
from which latter it is distant about 50 miles. It
has long been celebrated for the study of theology
and Mahometan law ; and tlie inhabitants are
more civilized than those of the neighboring coun-
ti'ies. They are employed in the manufacture of
cotton yarn, calicoes and soap, which are chiefly
exported to Persia. Merchants of all kinds meet
with great encouragement, and all religions are
■^;olerated. The population is supposed to exceed
100,000. Lon. 62° 45' E. Lat. 39° 27' N.
Bukharia, Little, a country of Asia, no better
known to Europeans than Great Bukharia. It
appears to lie amidst desert?, and is bounded N.
by the country of the Kalmucks and Eygur, E. by
the desert of Kobi, S. by the mountains of Thibet,
and W. by Great Bukharia. The productions of
the country are gold, silver, and all sorts of pre-
cious stones, which are sent to India, China, and
Tobolsk in Siberia. The Bukharians are Ma-
hometans, but so far depart from the purity of the
faith, that they tolerate, in the most liberal man-
ner, every other species of worship. This country
formerly consisted of 2 kingdoms, Kashgar in the
west, and Kalis in the east. Since 1759, the whole
has been tributary to China. Lat. 36° to 43° N.
Bukorest. See Bucharest.
Bukowine, province in the Austrian empire,
bounded N. by the Dniester, E. and S. by Molda-
via, and W. by Transylvania and Galicia. It
contains 4,000 square miles. Pop. 190,000.
Bulach, t. Switzerland, 8 ni. N. Zurich.
Bulach, V. Black Forest in Suabia, 20 m. W. ^.
W. Stutgard.
Bulak, V. Egypt, 2 m. W. Cairo, to which city-
it serves as a harbor. It contains a custom-house,
magazines, and a large bazar.
Bulama, one of the Bissagos islands, on the W.
coast of Africa. In 1792 a company was formed
in England with the view of colonizing tliis island,
and the island was ceded to Great Britain ; but
owing to the bad choice of the colonists, defects of
the climate, and hostility of the neighboring peo-
ple, it was abandoned.
Bularskaia, t. Russia, on the Irtisch, opposite
Tobolsk.
Bulgaria, Little, a province of Turkey in Eu-
rope, which extends from the Black sea to Servia.
The Danube divides it from Beasarabia, Molda-
via, and Walachia, while the Sardinian moun-
tains and the river Kamtchi separate it on the S.
from Macedon and Romelia proper. Pop. estima-
ted at 1,500,000. The inhabitants speak the
Sclavonic language, and profess partly the Greek,
and partly the Mahometan religion.
Bulgin, t. Siberia, 3 m. fr. Okhotzk.
Bulgueville, t France, 10 m. S. E. Neufchateau.
Bulitaga, a rang* of mountains in central Asia,
extending from Lon. 72° to 73° E. Lat. 48° 30' to
51° N.
Bulkh, or Balk, a country of Asia, dependent on
the kingdom of Cabul. Its extent cannot be ac-
curately defined ; it has the Oxus on the N. the
mountains of Hindoo Coosh on the S. and a desert
country on the W. It is about 250 miles long and
100 broad. The country surrounding the towns
is in a high state of cultivation. It is inhabited by
Usbeck Tartars, Taujiks and Arabs, who dwell
partly in towns and partly in tents. Pop. about
1,000,000.
Bulkh, cap. of the province of that name, on the
Dehast, in a flat, fertile and well cultivated coun-
try, watered by eighteen canals. It is the Bac-
t7-ia of the Greeks ; its history belongs to the high-
est antiquity, and all Asiatics are impressed with
the idea of its being tlie oldest city in the world.
Pop. 6,000 or 7,000. Lon. 65° 16' E. Lat. 36° 28'
N.
Bull, isl. ofl" the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
10"9' W. Lat. 51°33'N.
Bull, rock, off the N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6°
12' W. Lat. 55° 19' N.
Bullan Bay, between the island of Achil and
W. coast of Ireland. Lop. 9° 43' W. Lat. 54° N.
Bulk, t. Switzerland, 10 m. S. Fribourg.
Bulks, t. France, 10 m. E. N. E. Beauvais.
Bullet, CO. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 4,311.
Slaves, 976.
Bulletsbiirg, p-t. Boone co. Ken.
Bull Island, S. C. on the N. side of Charleston-
harbor.
Bulloah, t. Bengal, 12 m. S. E. Luikipoer.
Bulloch, CO. Geo. between Ogeechee and Ca-
noochee rivers. Chief t. Statesboro'. Pop. 2,305.
Slaves, 426.
BulVs Bay, or Boboul Bay, on the E. coast of
Newfoundland. Lat. 47° 2l"' N.
Bull's Head, cape, Ireland. Lon. 10° 4' W.
Lat. 52° 6' N.
Bullskin, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Youghiogeny,
Pop. 1,439.
Bulstrode, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
20 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Bumm, city, Persia, cap. of Kerman. It is
strongly fortified. Lon. 58° E. liat. 2f)° 17' N.
BUR
BUR
135
Bumosa, or ^bi, isl. in the Persian guif. Lon.
S4° E. Lat26° 15' N.
Bunawe, s-p. Scotland. Lon. 5° 16' W. Lat.
66° 24' N.
Bunbury, v. Eng. 6 m. from Nantwich.
B unclody. See J^ew- Tawn Barry.
BujLcombe, co. N. C. the W. corner of the state.
Pop. 9,277. Shives, 695. Chief t. Morristown.
in this county are Black, Bald, and Smoaky
mountains, lofty peaks of the Blue ridge. Here
are the head-waters of Santee river.
Bunde. t. Prussian states, 28 m, N. Munster.
Bundekund^ an extensive district, Hind, in the
province of Allahabad, lying between 24° and 26°
N. lat. Its capital is Callinger. Since 1804, it
has belonged to the British.
Bunder Reig. See Bender Rigk.
Buncau, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Wavcney,
wliich is navigable by baizes to Yarmouth : 38 m.
^. N. E. Ipswich.
Bungo, kingdom of Japan, in the island of Xi-
rao.
Bu7ipoor, t. Persia, in Mckran. It has a strong
fortress. Lon. 60° 10' E. Lat. 27° 50' N.
Bunree, r. Ireland, runs into the Moy,
Bmirow, r. Ireland, runs into Donegal bay.
Bimlingford, i. Eng. 11 m. N. HerUoid. "
Buntwali, t. Hind. 14 m. E. Mangalore. Loik
75° 9' E. Lat. 12° 48' N.
Buntzlau, Circle of, hi Bohemia, bounded E. by
Koningsgratz, S. by Kaui'zim, W. by Leutmeritz,
and N. by Silesia and Lusatia. Pop. 280,000.
Buntzluii,t. Bohemia, on the Iser, 28 m. N. N.
E. Prague.
Buntzlau, t. Silesia, on the Bober, 26 m. N. W.
Jauer. Lon. 15° 37' E. Lat. 51° 13' N.
Bumcoot, isl. off the W. coast of Mindanao, be-
longins: to the English East India company. Lon.
124° 30' E. Lat. 7° 12' N.
Buonconvento, t. Tuscany, 10 m. S. E. Siena.
BuonOy r. Chili, enters the Pacific, in lat. 40°
37' S.
Burampour, t. Hind. 80 m. N. E. Cicacole.
Burburafa, t. Venezuela, 52 m. W. Coro. Bur-
burata islands are opposite to it, in the Caribbean
sea.
Burdalik, t. Great Bukharia, on the .Tihon, 45
m. S. W. Bokhara.
Burdee, t. Hind. Lon. 82° 27' E. Lat. 24° 37'
N.
Bvrdislan, mountain, Persia, near Schiraz.
Burdwan, district of Bengal, betweeen 22° and
24° N. lat and on the W. side of the Hoogly.
Burdwan, the capital, is a large town, on Dum-
moodah river, 50 m. N. Calcutta. Lon. 87° 57'
E. Lat. 23° 15' N. The Church Missionary So-
ciety have selected this place for one of their sta-
tions, and in 1820, they had 13 flourishing schools
under their direction, in which 1300 children
were receiving instruction.
Burela, Cape, Spain. Lon. 7° 26' W. Lat. 43°
41' N.
Burello, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m. E.
Nicotera.
Buren, t. Netherlands, 6 m. S. E. Utrecht.
Buren, t. Prussian states, 13 m. S. S. W. Pa-
derborn.
Bures, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour.
Burford, t. Eng. 17 m. N. N. W. Oxford.
Burford, t. Oxford co. Up. Canada.
Burg, t. Prussian states, 4 m. N. E. Magdeburg.
Pop. 7,000.
Burg, t. Netherlands, 12. m. S. S. E. Zutphen.
Burgas, t. Turkey, on the Black sea, 112 m.
N. N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 27° 29' E. Lat.
42° 31' N.
Biirgau, formerly a margraviate of Suabia, now
included in the Bavarian circl«3 of the Upper
Danube and the Iller.
Burgau, t. Bavaria, 19 m. N. W. Augsburg, 20
E. N. E. Ulm.
Burg-Burnheim, t. Bavaria, 14 m. N. N. W.
Anspach.
Burgdorf, t. Switzerland, 10 m. N. E. Bern.
Burgdorf, t. Hanover, 9 m. S. Zell. Lon. 10°
7' E. Lat. 52° 28' N.
Burg-Ebrack, t. Bavaria, 8 m, S. W, Bamberg.
Burgel, t. Germany, 15 m. 3.E. Weimar. Lon.
11°44'E. Lat. 50° 55' N.
Burgess, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Burgetstown, p-t. Washington co. Pa.
Burgh, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 5 m. N. W. Wain-
fleet.
Burg TIamza. See Hamza. ,
Burgkattstn, t. Bavaria, on the Salza, near its
influx into the Inn, 50 ra. E. Munich. Lon. 12°
47' E. Lat. 48° 7' N.
Burgh Head, cape, Scotland. Lon. 3° 24' W.
Lat. 57° 41' N. ; another, in lat. 54° 44' 20" N.
Burgk-upon-Sands, v. Eng. 5 m. N. W. Cat-
lisle.
Burglen, v. Switzerland, 4 m. N. N. W. St
Gall.
Burglengenfeld, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. W. Rat-
isbon. Pop. 1,400.
Burgos, city, Spain, cap. of Old Castile, on the
right bank of the Arlanzon. It was very flour-
ishing in former times. 1 12 m. N. Madrid. Lon.
2° 40' 15" W. Lat. 42° 50' 29" N. Pop. 9,000.
Burgstadt, t. Saxony, 3 m. fr. Penig.
Burgu, district, Africa, on the S. border of the
Lybian desert, probably the same as Berdoa.
'Burguetta, El, t. Spain, 24 m. E. N. E. Pampe-
luna.
Burgundy, Circle of, one of the ten circles of
the German empire. Originally it was very ex-
tensive, and comprised, besides the free county
{Framhe Comtt) of Burgundy, the whole 17 prov-
inces of the Netherlands; but after the Dutch
provinces declared their independence, and the
southern part of the circle was gradually acquir-
ed by France, it consisted only of the Spanish or
Austrian Netherlands.
Burguruly, Duchy of, otherwise called Bur-
gundy Proper, or Lower Burgundy, to distinguish
it from Franche ComU, or Upper Burgundy, for-
merly a province in the east of France. The
principal product of the country is its wine, which
isknownand esteemed throughout Europe. Atthe
revolution, it was divided into the departments
of the Saone and Loire, the Cote d'Or, and the
Yonne ; part of it also lies in those of the Nievre,
the Aube, the Upper Marne, and the Ain. The
principal towns after Dijon, are Macon, Autun,
Chalons sur Saone, Auxerre, and Sens.
Burgundy. See Jirelat.
Burhalia, t. Syria, 10 m. N. W. Damascus.
Burhampaur, city. Hind. cap. of Candeish, or
the Tatee, 100 m. N. Aurungabad, 452 S. Delhi.
Lon. 76° 20' E. Lat. 21° 22' N.
Buriana, t. Tuscany, near the lake of Castig-
lione, 16 m. S. Montieri.
Burias, one of the Philippine islands. Lon. 122°
43' E. Lat. 12° 46' N.
Burials, a tribe of Tartars, widely dispersed
tbroughoi'.*- the governirient of Irkutsk, in Sib"
136
BUR
BUR
ria. Tlieir features bear much resemblance to
those of the Kalmucks. They inhabit the banks
of the lake Baikal, and of the rivers Angara and
Lena.
Burie, t. France, 10 m. E. Saintes.
Burka, or Varaque, s-p. Arabia, the residence
of the Iman of Muscat, 40 m. N. W. Muscat. Lat.
^3° 48' N.
Burke, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 45 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 459.
Burke, co. N. C. on Catawba river, among the
mountains of the Blue ridge. Pop. 11,007. blaves,
1,433. Chief t. Morgantown.
Burke, co. Geo. on Savannah river. Pop. 10,858
Slaves, 4,691. Chief t. Waynesboro.
Burken, v. Baden, Ti m. E. Heidelberg.
Burkersdorf, v. Saxony, in Misnia. Pop. 1,000.
Burke^s Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America, formed by King's island on the N. ami
New Albion on the S. Lon. 232° 10' E. Lat. 51«
57' N.
Burkesiille, p-t. Cumberland co. Ken.
Burlats, t France, 4 ni. E. Castres.
Burley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Otley.
Burley on the Hill, v. Eng. in Rutland co.
Burlington, or Bridlington, s-p. Eng. in Yoi-k-
aliire, on Burlington bay. Burlington Q,uaif is
situated on the coast. It is formed by a pier,
which extends a considerable way into the bay,
and is defended by two batteries. Considerable
trade is carried on here. There is a custom-
house, which is dependent on Hull. The Quay
is much resorted to for sea bathing. Pop. of Bur-
lington and Burlington Quay, 3,741. 20 m. from
Scarborough. Lon. 0° 8' W. Lat. 54° 8' 30" N.
Burlington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. N.
"W. Boston. Pop. 471.
Burlington, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Chit-
tenden CO. Yt. delightfully situated on a bay of the
same name, in lake Champlain, 34 m. W. N. W.
Montpelier, 110 S. Montreal, 198 N. W. Boston.
Pop. 1,690. The village is one of the handsomest
in the state. It occupies the side of a hill, as-
cending nearly a mile from the bay. Here are
two handsome Congregational meeting-houses, a
courthouse, jail, academy, and a spacious college
edifice. Within the limits of the township, a
mile N. E. of the village, are the falls of Onion
river, around which are several valuable mills
and manufacturing establishments. About 20
vessels navigate lake Champlain, most of which
are owned in this place.
The University of Vermont is located in this
town. It was incorporated in 1791, and has been
liberally patronized by the state. It has a presi-
dent, 5 professors, 2 tutors, a library of about
1,000 volumes, and a philosophical apparatus,
which is tolerably complete. The funds consist
principally of lands, amounting to about 40,000
acres, and yield at present an income of about
1200 dollars. The number of students in 1818
was 28. The college edifice is a beautiful
brick building, 160 feet long, and 4 stories high.
It is finely situated on the E. side of the village, a
mile from the lake, and elevated more than 300
feet above its surface. From the top of the col-
lege there is a noble view of the lake and the ad-
jacent country.
Burlington, t. Hartford co. Ct. 16 m. W. Hart-
ford. Pop. 1,467.
Burlington, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. W.
Cooprrstowo'. Pop. 3.196.
Burlington, co. N. J. on the Atlantic, and ex-
tending N. W. to Delaware river. Pop. 24,979.
Chief towns, Mount-Holly and Burlington.
Burlington, city, port of entry, and cap. Bur-
lington CO. N. J. on Delaware river, opposite Bris-
tol, 11 m. below Trenton, 17 above Philadelphia.
Pop. 2,419. The most populous part is on an isl-
and in the Delaware, to which there are 4 en-
trances by bridges. It was settled in 1677. It
contains n courthouse and jail, 4 houses of public
Avorship, an academy, a public librar}', and has
some manufactures. Its harbor is sale and com-
commodious. Shipping in 1815, 1,592 tons.
Burlington, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 661.
Burlington, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
4 m. above Wheeling, Kentucky, 10 N. E. St,
Clairsville. Another, in Licking co. Another,
p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
75 m. S. E. Chilicothe, 120 fr. Columbus.
Burlington-bay, Up. Canada, the W. end of
lake Ontario. This bay is both spacious and se-
cure, but the entrance is narrow, and so shallow
that only boats can pass, and there is a bridge
thrown across it.
Burmah. See Birmah.
Bumioul, v. of Cuttack, in Hind. It is fortified,
and commands a pass into the district. Lon. 85^
10' E. Lat. 20° 21' N.
Burney''s Islmid, in the Frozen ocean. Lon.
182° 30' "E. Lat. 67° 45' N.
Burnham, t. Eng. in Essex, 48 m. fi-. London.
Biamham, or Market Burnham, t. Eng. in Nor-
folk, 34 m. N. W. Norwich.
Burnleij, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 23 m. N. Man-
che.'ter. * Pop. 4,368.
Burnt-corn, p-t. and cap. Monroe co. Alabama.
Burntisland, a roval burgh and parish, Scot-
land, on the Frith of Forth, 6 ra. N. N. W. LeitJi.
Burnt Island, oS" the S. coast of Newfoundland,
15 m. E. S. E. Cape Ray. Lon. 58° 50' W. Lat.
47°30'N.
Burnt riier. See Montreal river.
Bumtwood. See Brentwood.
Buronzo, t. Piedmont, 12 m. N. W. Vercelli.
Burr, isl. in the Irish sea. Lon. 5° 21' W. Lat.
54° 28' N.
Burramootee, t. Hind, in Bejapour. Lon. 74^^
31' E. Lat. 18° 14' N.
Burray, one of the Orkney islands. Lon. 2^
47' W. Lat. 60° 44' N.
Burray, one of the Shetland islands. Lon. 1°
39' W. Lat. 60° 5' N.
Burrilville, t. Providence co. R. 1. 24 m. from
Providence. Pop 1,834. It contains a bank, and
several cotton factories.
Burrow Head. See Burgh Head.
Burrowbridge. See Boroughbridge.
Burrowstouness. See Borrowstownncss.
Bursa, city, A. Turkey, in a spacious plain at
the foot of mount Olympus. The population cour
sists of Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. Va-
rious manufactures, and considerable trade are
carried on here. Great variety of satins, chiefly
striped, are made, for the short under garments of
the Turkish habit; there are besides manufac-
tures of silk stufls and gauze, and quantities of
raw silk are exported to Smyrna and Constanti-
nople. The caravans passing from Smyrna and
Aleppo to the capital, promote its commerce.
Bursa was once the capital of the Turkish em-
pire. Pop. about 60,000. 75 m. S. Constantino-
ple. Lon. 29° 12' E. Lat. 40° 11' N.
BUS
Bur-Salvm. See Salum.
Burscheid, t. Prussian states, in the gi-and duchy
of the Lower-Rhine, near Aix-la-Chapelle.
Burscough, t. En». in Lancashire, on tlie Liv-
erpool and Leeds canal.
Bur-Sin. See Sin.
Burskdon, t. Eog. 5 ra. E. Southampton.
Burslem, t. Eng, in Staffordihire, 3 m. N. New-
wistle-under-Line. It has extensive potteries.
Pop. 8,625.
Bursool t. Hind. 12 m. S. E. Burdwan.
Btirton, or Burton in Kendal, t. Eng. in West-
moreland.
Burton, t. Sunbury co. New-Brunswick, on the
W. side of St. John's river.
Burton, t. Strafford co. N. H. 50 m. N. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 194.
Burton, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio.
Burton, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Burton upon Stather, t. Eng. 31 m. N. Lincoln.
Burton upon Trent, t. Eng. in Stafford, cele-
brated for its excellent ale, of which vast quan-
tities are made, both for home consumption and
for exportation. Pop. 3,979. 11 m. S. W. Derby,
124 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1° 36' W. Lat. 52°
50' N.
BurtonsvUle, p-v. Orange co. Va.
Burton Wood, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
BurtusJi, harbor on the N. E. coast of New-
Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity.
Burwa, district of Bengal, adjoining Palamow.
Burwah, t. Hind, in Orissa, 28 m. N. N. E. Cut-
tack.
Burwash, t. Eng. in Sussex, 49 m. fr. London.
Burl/, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 9 m. N. Manches-
ter. Pop. 8,762.
Bury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 70 or
80 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Bury St. Edmunds, t. Eng, in Suffolk, on the
Lark. This town is a borough, and returns two
representatives to parliament. Here are the re-
mains of an abbey, anciently one of the most
wealthy and magnificent in Britain. Pop. 7,986.
43 m. S. S. W. Norwich, 72 N. N. E. London.
Lon. 0° 50' E. Lat. 52° 20' N.
Burzet, t. France, 15 m. N. Argentiere.
Busaco, a convent in Portugal, in Beira, 30 m.
N. E. Coimbra, memorable for an action fought
here on 27th Sept. 1810, between Massena and
Lord WeUington.
Bmh river, Md. is formed by the confluence of
several creeks at Harford, and runs into the Ches-
apeake 10 miles below.
Bush creek. Pa. runs into the Delaware in
Wayne county.
Bush, T. Ireland, flows into the sea, 3 m. S. W.
Bengore Head.
Busheab, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lon. 53°
4'E. Lat. 27<^2'N.
Bushire, Abuschehr, or Bender Boshavir, s-p.
Persia, in Fars, on a peninsula in the Persian gulf.
Provisions and fruits are cheap and excellent in
Bushire; but the water is bad. A considerable
trade is carried on here. The exports are Persian
commodities, such as carpets, wine of Shiraz, rose-
water, drugs ; and the imports are Indian goods
of different kinds, and English broadcloth. The
English East India company have a factory at thia
place. Pop. 5,000. 100 m. W. S. W. Shiraz. Lon.
50° 43' E. Lat. 28° 59' N.
Bush toivti. See Harford, Md.
Bushwick, t. Kings co. Long-Island, N. Y. on
East-river, 3 m.. fr. New- York city. Pop. 798.
18
B U X
137
Busir. See Abusir.
Busk, t. Austrian Galicia, on the Bug. 25 m. E.
N. E. Lemberg.
Buskirk's bridge, p-v. Washington co. N. Y,
Busowrah, t. Hind. 25 m. S. S. W. Burb^m-
pour.
Busseto, t. Italy, 8 m. S. Cremona.
Bussiere-Badil, t. France, 10 m. N. Nontron.
Bussiere-Poifevine, t. France, 10 m. N. N. W;
Bellac.
Bussolin, t. Piedmont, 3 m. S. Susa.
Bustard bay, on the E. coast of New-Holland.
Lon. 208° 18' W. Lat. 24° 4' S.
Bustard River, Lower Canada, runs into the
St. Lawrence, 7 m. W. Manicougan-Point.
Bustion, t. Persia, 60 m. S. E. Lar.
Bustion, Cape, on the Persian Gulf, Lon. 54°
32' E. Lat. 26° 36' N.
Bustletown, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 10 m. N. W.
Philadelphia.
Busto, Cape, Spain, Lon. 6= 30' W. Lat. 43°
37' N.
Bute, isl. Scotland, at the mouth of the frith of
Clyde, 15 miles long, and containing 29,000 acres.
Rothesay is the on,ly town on it. Pop. 5,824. 18 m,
W. Greenock.
Bute, CO. Scotland, constituted exclusively of
islands, lying near the mouth of the frith of Clyde,
viz. Arran, Bute, Largs, Little Cumbrav, and
Inchmarnock. Pop. 12,033. Families 2,6"l9, of
whom 1,214 are employed in agriculture, and53t>
in trade and manufactures.
Butera, t. Sicily, 15 m. E. N. E. Alicata.
Buti, \. Tuscany, 20 nj. N. N. E. Leghorn.
Bufifaras, Cape, Minorca, Lon. 4° 13' W. Lai.
39° 48' N.
Butler, CO. Pa. on the W. side of Alleghany riv-
er, bounded N. by Venango, E. by Armstrong, S.
by Alleghany, W. by Beaver, N. W. by Mercer.
Pop. 7,346. Chief t. Butler.
Butler, p-t. and cap. Butler co. Pa. 40 ra. N.
Pittsburg. Pop. 458.
Butler, CO. Alabama.
Butler, CO. Ken. Pop. 2,18!. Slaves, 274.
Butler, CO. the S. W. part of* Ohio, on Great
Miami river. Pop. in 1815, 11,800. County t.
Hamilton.
Butler, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Aflother,
Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami river, 7 m. N.
Dayton.
Butrinto, s-p. Eu. Turkev, in Albania, oppo-
site the island of Corfu. Lat.' 39° 44' N.
Buttenheim, v. Bavaria, 6 m. E. S. E. Bam-
berg.
Butternuts, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 21 m. S. W.
Cooperstown. Pop. 3,181.
Butterworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m, fr.
Rochdale. Pop. 4,872.
Buttevant, t. Ireland, 21 m. N. Cork.
Butthard, t. Bavaria, 6 m. S. S. W. Wurtzburg.
Button-Mss, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2° 45' W.
Lat. 56° 28' N.
Button''s Islands, ?it the S. end of Hudson'-!
straits. Lon. 65° 10' W. Lat. 60° 18' to 60°
40' N.
Buftool, district Hind, in Oude, between 27° and
28° N. lat!
Buttslcidt, t. Germany, 12 m. N. Weimar.
Butzbach, t Germany, 7 m. S. S. W. Giessen,
Butzow, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 24 m. N. E. Schwerin. Lon. 11° 55' E. Lat.
53° 53' N.
Buxar, t, and fort. Hind, i« Bahar, on the S
138
CAB
bank of the Ganges. Lon. 83^ 68' £, Lat. 23*
35' N.
Buxheim, v. Bavaria, 3 m. fr. Memmingen.
Buxtehude, t. Hanover, 16 ra. W. S. W. Ham-
burgh.
Buxton, t. Eng. in Derby, situated in a valley
surrounded by hills, celebrated for its mineral wa-
ters. These prove efficacious in several com-
plaints, and the town is on that account much re-
sorted to by invalids. 33 m. N. N. W. Derby, 159
N. N. W. London. Pop. 934.
Buxton, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river, 8
m. N. W. Saco, 40 N. York. Pop. 2,324.
Buzancoisy t. Fra«ce, 14 m. N. W. Chateau-
roux.
Bussano, Cape, on the S. E. coast of Naplee.
Lon. 160 34' E. Lat. 37° 57' N.
Buzzards bay, on the S. coast of Mass. sets up
between Seakonet point, on the W. and Kutta-
hunk, one of the Elizabeth islands, on the E. It
is 40 miles long, by 7 wide, and approaches within
3i miles of Barnstable-bay. A canal to connect
them, has long beca in contemplation. See Mas-
•iachitsetts-bay.
C A C
Byhtrry, t. Pliiladelphia co. Pa. Pop. 765.
Byerley. See Bierley, J^ortli.
Byjield, Y>^rish.,Essex co. Mass. partly in RoW'
ley, and partly in Newbury. Pop. 755. Here is
Dummer Acadeviy, well endowed, and having a
good library ; also an academy in which young la-
dies are taught the higher branches of education.
Bygo7ibarry, t. Bengal, on the W. side of tlif
Brahmapootra. Lat. 24° 46' N.
Byker, t. Eng. 1 m. E. Newcastle.
Bylan, See Bailan.
Byram, r. runs into Long-Island sound, betweec
Connecticut and New- York.
Byram, t. Sussex co. N. J. Fop, 591 .
Byrd, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri.
Byron, Cape, on the E. coast of New-Holland.
Lon. 153° 30' E. Lat. 28° 37' N.
Byron's Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 173° 16'
E. Lat. 1° 18' S.
Byron'' s Strait, di^ddes New Ireland from New
Hanover.
Bywell, V. Eng. in Northumberland,
Caamana, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 228° 17' E. Lat. 55° 29' N.
Cab, el, V. Upper Egypt, 10 m. N. Edfu.
Cabaceiro, peninsula, E. Africa, opi)osite to
the island on which Mosambique is situated.
Cabarda. See Kabarda.
Ca6an7a,isl. off Jamaica. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat.
18° 24' N.
Cabarras, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop.
6,158. Slaves, 1,234. Chief t. Concord.
Cabeca de Vide, t. Portugal, 14 m. S. W. Por-
talegre.
Cabeca del Mgro, t. Peru, 50 m. S, W. Paria.
Cabeca de Figuera, t. 255 m. N. N. W. Buenos
Ay res.
Cabecas, Las, t. Spain, 12 m. S. Seville.
Cabecas Rubia^, t. Sjiain, 40 m. N. W. 3e\ille,
Cabecon, t, Spain, 9 m. N. N. E. Valladolid.
Cabecon, t. Spain, 18 m. W. S. W. Santandcr.
CabeUo, or Carello, Porto, s-p. Venezuela, with
an excellent harbour and bay. It is on a penin-
sula, 80 m. W. Caraccas. Lon. 68° 16' W. Lat. 10°
28' N. Pop. 7,500.
Cabell courthouse, p-v. Cabell co. Va.
Cabellsburg, t. Amherst co. Va.
Cabenda, s-p. Africa, a little north of the Zaire,
in Cacongo. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat. 5° 40' S.
Cabes, or Gabs, t. Tunis, at the bottom of the
gulf of Cabes. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 34° N.
Cabi, an independent country of Soudan, or Ni-
gritia, in Africa.
Cabiari, r. New Grenada, falls into the Apure.
Cabin-point, p-t. Surry co. Va.
Cabite. See Cavife.
Cabo de Cruz, point on the S. side of Cuba. Lat.
19° 48' N.
Cabo de St. Juan, the N. E. point of Porto Rico.
Lat. 18° 24' N.
Cabo Roxo, «ape en the W. coast of Africa. Lat.
12O20'N.
Cabot, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. IS m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 886. It is on the height of land be-
tween the Connecticut and Lake Champlain .
Cabra, t. Spain, 25 m. 9, E. Cordova.
Cnbra, the port of Tombuctoo, Africa.
Cabrera. See Balearic Islands.
Cabrera, off Sardinia. Lon. 9° 27' E. Lat.4F
15' N.
Cabreres, t. France, 13 m. E. N. E. Cahors.
Cabreze, r. E. Africa, falls into the Manzora.
Cabri, i. Persia, 40 ra. S. W. Meschid.
Cabron, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat. 19° 23' N.
Cabul, Kabul, or Caubul, a province of the
kingdom of Afghanistan, lying between 33° and
35° N. lat. Its boundaries are not accurately
known. The whole kingdom is sometimes called
from this province, Cabulistan, or Kabulistan-
The city of Cabul is the chief town.
Cabul, a very ancient city, and cap. of Afghanis-
tan. It was long considered as the gate of Hin-
dostan towards 'Tartary, while Kandahar was es-
teemed the gate on the side of Persia. It is the
residence of the Abdally or Doorany monarch, and
the centre of a considerable commerce between
Tartary and Hindostan, 176 m. N. E Kandahar.
Lon. 68° 35' W. Lat. 34° 30' N.
Cahyna, isl. S. of Celebes. Lon. 121° 53' E.
Lat. 5° 18' S.
Cacabelos, t. Spain, in Leon, 40 m. N. W. Leon.
Caccia, Cape, Sardinia. Lon. 8° 19' E. Lat.
40° 34' N.
Caccioma, t. Sardinian states, 8 m. N. Biella.
Cacella, s-p. Portugal. Lon. 7° 28' W.
Caceras, t, Spanish Estremadura, 30 m. S. E.
Alcantara. Lon. 5° 50' W. Lat. 39° 18' N. Pop.
8,000.
Caceres, t. Mexico, 70 m. N. W. Yma. Cruz.
Cachan. See Cashan. W
Cachao, Kacho, Kecho, or Backhink, city, and
cap.ofTonquin, on the W. side of the Songkoi.
CAD
^bout 80 m. from the sea. It is a place of great
commercial resort. Gold, beautiful silks, and
lackered ware, are exported in large quantities.
Both the English and Dutch had commercial es-
tablishments here, which have long since been
withdrawn. Lon. 105<^ 15' E. Lat. 22° 36' N.
Pop. 40,000.
Cachar, country, Asia, between Bengal and
Ava, bounded N. by Assam, and S. by Cassay. It
was formerly independent, but since 1775 has been
tributary to Birmah.
Cache, t. Arkansaw Territory, on White river,
50 m. W. of the mouth of St. Francis river. It
is an inconsiderable settlement.
Cachimaio, r. Peru, falls into the Pilcomaio.
Cachimamo, r. Caraccas, runs S. into the Ori-
noco.
Cachoeira, t. Brazil, 180 m. S. W. St. Francis-
co.
Cacongo, kingdom, W. Africa, bounded S. by
the Zaire, which separates it from Congo, and N.
by Loango. Malemba is the principal port.
Cadalen, t. France, 19 m. N. iN. W. Castres.
Cadenet, t. France, 31 m. S. E. Avignon.
Cadenso, one of the Laccadive islands.
Cadequia, s-p. Spain, 5 m. N. E. Roses.
Cadereita, t. Mexico. Lon. 99° 22' W. Lat.
20° 24' N.
Coder Idris, mt. Wales, in Merionethshire.
Caderojisse, t. France, 3 ra. W. Orange.
Cadiapa/am, Point, Hind. 18 m, N. W. Cape
Comorin,
Cadillac, t. France, on the Garonne, 18 m. S.
W. Bourdeaux.
Cadiz, (an. Gadir and Gades) city, Spain, 45
to. N. W, Gibraltar, 60 S. W. Seville. It stands
on the island of Leon, at the extremity of a long
tongue of land, projecting in a N. W. direction.
The town is surrounded by the sea on three sides,
which, with the narrowness of the land communi-
cation, prevents its capture by a military force,
so long as the inhabitants are masters of the sea.
Cadiz is walled, and has trenches and bastions on
the land side. The bay of Cadiz is a vast basin,
inclosed by the mainland on one side, and by the
projecting tongue of land on the other, and is one
of the finest bays in the world. It is defended by
four forts. It is the grand rendezvous of the Span-
ish navy. This city has long been the principal
trading port in the south of Spain ; but its com-
merce has fluctuated greatly in consequence of
the wars of the French revolution, and the disor-
ders in Spanish America. Salt is made in great
quantities near the city. The pits extend from
the bay of Puntal to Santa Maria, and belong to
government. One of the great inconveniences in
Cadiz is the want of good water. Ln i. 6<^ 17' 22"
W. Lat. 36® 32' N. Pop. about 70,000.
Cadiz, p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 2,> in.
W. Steubenville, 125 E. Columbus. Pop. in iSlS,
500.
Cadis, Straits of, is that part of the Atlantic
which has the coasts of Algarve and Andalusia on
the N. those of Fez and Morocco on the S. and the
straits of Gibraltar on the E.
Cado, r. Arkansaw territory, one of the branch-
es of Little Red river.
Cadohburg, t. Bavaria, 18 ra. N. E. Anspach.
Cadore, t. Venetian territory, in the district of
Cadorin. It stands near the Piave, and carries
on a traffic in iron and timber, 15 ra. N, Belluno.
Lon. 12° 17' E Lat. 46° 25' N,
C A F
139
Cadonn II Cadorino, a district in the Venetian
territory, on the frontiers cf Tyrol. Pop 22,000.
Cadmij-s, t. France, 18 m. W. N. W. Toulouse,
Cadron, or Quadrant, p-t. Arkansaw Territory,
on Cadron Bayou, which empties into the Arkan-
saw about 300 m. above the town of Arkansaw.
Here are several establishments for the fur-trade.
Cadsand, isl. in Flanders, foi'med by the sea,
the Wester Scheldt, and other rivers and canals.
It is preserved from the encroachments of the sea,
by high dikes constructed at a vast expence.
Cody, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 15 m. N. E. Anam-
sagia.
Caen, t. France, cap. of Calvados, at the influx
of the Odon, into the Orne. The town was for-
merly surrounded by a high wall. It has long been
noted for its university, founded in 1431 by Henry
VI. of England. This university fell into neglect
at the revolution ; but was revived in 1803, with
the title of an academy. The inhabitants manu-
facture quantities of linen, serges, lace, stockings
and caps. Caen has always been a favourite re-
treat of the English. Pop. 36,000. 62 m. W.byS.
Rouen, and 132 W. bv N. of Paris. Lon. 0° 21'
38" W. Lat. 49° 11' "12" N.
Caerleon, t. Eng. in Monmouth, on the Usk, 148
m. W.London. Lon. 3° 21' W. Lat. 51° 39' N.
Caermarthen, co. Wales, bounded N. by Cardi-
gan, E. by Brecknock, and Glamorgan, S. by
Bristol channel, and W. by Pembroke. It con-
tains ,926 sq. miles, or 590,640 acres, 228,000 of
which are in pasturage, 114,000 in tillage, and
the remainder unfit for cultivation. Pop. 77,217.
Families 16,083, of which number 9,878 are occu-
pied in agriculture, and 5,256 in trade and manu-
factures.
Caermarthen, t. S. Wales, cap. of Caermarthen
CO. on the Towy, 10 m. from its mouth. Vessels
of 300 tons can come up to the quay. The chief
manufactures are tin plate and iron. Pop. 7,275.
45 m. W. Brecon. Lon. 4° 22' W. Lat. 52^
14' N.
Caernarvon, co. N. Wales, bounded N. by the
sea, E. by Denbighshire, S. by Merioneth and the
sea, W. by the Irish sea and the strait of Menai.
It contains 775 square miles. Pop. 49,336. Fami-
lies 10,187, of which 6,677 were engaged in agri-
culture, and 2,667 in trade and manufactures.
Caernarvon, t. N. Wales, cap. of Caernarvon
CO. is on the shore of tlie strait of Menai. Con-
siderable trade is carried on with London, Bris-
tol, Liveri)ool, and Ireland. Copper ore and
slates, are exported, as also Kannel and stockings.
9 m. S. S. W. Bangor. Lou. 4° 30' W. Lat. 53^5
6'N.
Caernarvon, or Earl, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 52
m. fr. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,084.
Caerphilly, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, 30 m. S^
W. Monmouth.
Caerwent, v. Eng. in Monmouth, 17 m. N. W.
Bristol.
Caerwys, t. Wales, 5 m. W. Flint.
Casarea, city, Palestine, formerly of great ce-
lebrity, but now in ruins. It stands on the sea
coast, 36 m. fr. Acre, 62 fr. Jerusalem.
Casarea Philippi. See Dan.
Ccesarea river. See Cohayizie creek.
C(£sar''s creek, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 649.
Caffa, or Kaffa, t. Eu. Russia, in the Crimea,
Its harbor is capacious, but shallow. It was de-
clared, in 1798, a free port for 30 years, and is now
the principal commercial town in the peninsula.
140
C A J
its trade coil^sts principally in stufl's of Turkisli
manufacture, and in wine, rice, and coffee. The
strait of Caffa, otherwise called the Cimmerian
Bosphorus, or the strait of Jenicale, is a narrow
channel that joins the sea of Asoph to the Black
sea. Lon. 33° 12' 45" E. Lat. 45° 6' 30" N.
Caffraria. See Kaffraria.
Caffre Toura, v. on the E. branch of the Nile,
7 m. S. W. Damietta.
Cajiristan, or Keitore, country of Asia, between
35° and 37° N. lat. and 69° and 73° E. lon. bound-
ed N. by Badakhshan, W. by Bulkh, S. by Af-
ghanistan, and E. by Little Thibet. It is com-
posed of snowy mountains, deep pine forests, and
small, but fertile rallies.
Cagayan Sooloo, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
118° 36' E. Lat. 7°N.
Cagli, t. in the States of the Church, 20 m. S.
Urbino.
Caglia, Cape. See Matapan Cape.
Cagliari, cap. of Sardinia, in the gulf of Cag-'
liari. It is the residence of the viceioy of Sar-
dinia, and the seat of a royal audience, a chan-
cery, an intendant, an archbishop, and an uni-
versity. The harbor is spacious and secure. The
inhabitants carry on a considerable traffic in salt,
oil, and wine. Lon. 9° 5' 45" E. Lat. 39° 13'
9" N.
Cagnano, t. Corsica, 14 m. N. Bastia.
Cagnano, t. Lombardy, 15 m. S. S. W. Brescia.
Cagnes, t. France, in Var, 6 m. W. Nice.
Caguan, t. New Grenada, on the Magdzdena,
105 m. S. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lat. 2° 40' N.
Cag'urria, t Spain, in Navarre, 18 m. N. W.
Calahorra.
Cahabon, t Mexico, 25 m. W. Vera Paz.
Cahawba, Kakawba, or Cabo, r. Alabama, after
a southerly course, joins the Alabama, 160 m. be-
low its forks, the Coosa and Tallapoosa; and 210
Above its junction with the Tombigbee.
Cahawba, co. in the centre of Alabama, on the
W. side of Coosa river, and intersected by the
Cahawba.
Cahawba, t. and cap. Dallas co. Alabama, and
seat of government of the State, at the junction
of Cahawba river with the Alabama, 77 m, N. E.
St. Stephens. It was laid out in 1818.
Cafutwba falls, p-v. Louisiana, 210 m. fr. New
Orleans.
Cahete, t Bfazil, in Minas Geraes, 36 m. N. N.
W. Villa Rica.
Cahnawaga, v. in. Johnstown, N. Y. 39 m. W.
Albany.
Cahokia, r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi, '5
ra. below St. Louis.
Cahokia, p-t. and cap. St. Clair co. Illinois, on
the Mississippi, 5 m. below St. Louis, 52 N. W,
Kaskaskias. Pop. 711.
Cahoos falls, in Mohawk river, 3 m. above its
mouth. "The river here is about 1000 feet wide ;
the rock, over which it pours, extends across the
river in a direct line from S. W. to N. E. and is
70 feet high. From the bridge | of a mile below,
the falls are in full view.
Cahors, t. France, cap. of the dep. of the Lot,
on the Lot. In the adjoining country is raised the
famous red wine, which is exported by Bour-
deaux to England and Holland. 63 m. N. Tou-
louse, 100 E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 1° 27' 17" E. Lat.
44° 25' 59" N. Pop. 10,136.
Caiame, r. Peru, enters the Amazons fr. the S.
Cajana, t. Russia, in Finland, on lake Ulea,
Lat. 64° 14' N. -. , ^.;^.-^.
C A I
Cqjare, t. France, 16 m. E. Cahors.
Cajazso, or Gajazzo, t. Naples, 25 m. N. E. Na,-
ples.
Caibar. See Khaibar.
Caicos, cluster of islands between St. Domingo
and tlie Bahamas. The largest called the Grand
Caico, is due north from St. Domingo. Lat.
21° N.
Caifa, or Haifa, s-p. Palestine, 13 m. S. W,
Acre. Lon. 35° 10' E. Lat. 32° 44' N.
Cai-fong, or Kai-fong, city, China, cap. of the
province of Honan, 2 leagues from the Hoang-h(v
or Yellow river, 315 m. S. ^V. Pekin. Lon. 114°
28' E. Lat. 34° 53' N.
Cai-kiem, t. China, 46 m. N. W. Tchao-king.
Cailack, Point, cape. Scotland, on the N. W.
coast of tlie county of Ross, 7 m. E. Udrigil
Head.
Caillere, La, t. France, in Vendee, 13 m. N. E.
Lucon.
Cailloma-, t. Peru, near some rich silver mines,
46 m. N. N. E. Arequipa, 140 S. Cuzco.
Cailly, t. France, 10 m. N. N. E. Rouen.
Caimans, or Caymans,'^ small islands, 55 leagues
N. N. W. Jamaica. Great Cayman lies in lon.
81°33'W. lat. 19° 15' N.
Caimites, 3 islands near the W. coast of His-
paniola.
Ca-Ira, p-v. Cumberland co. Va.
Caimey Hill, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire.
Cairngorm, moimtain, Scotland, between the
counties of Banff and Inverness ; celebrated for
the crystals found on it, called cairngorms. 30 m.
E. Fort Augustus.
Cairo, or Kahirah, the metropolis of Egypt, and
the centre of its commerce, stands near the east
bank of the Nile, with which it is connected by a
canal. Lon. 31° 19' 43" E. Lat. 30° 2' N. The
streets are winding and narrow, and are not pav-
ed. Contrary to the general custom of the east,
the houses have two or three stories, over which
is a terrace of stone or tiles. They have the air
of prisons ; for they have no light from the street,
as it is extremely dangerous to have many win-
dows in such a country. The edifices in which
architectural ornament have been chiefly bestow-
ed, are the mosques, and the tombs of the Mame-
lukes.
The castle of Cairo is built on a hill to the south
of the city ; but this hill being commanded by one
adjoining, is of no value as a fortification. From
the top of it, however, there is a most delightful
prospect of Cairo, the Pyramids, and all the sur-
rounding country. The well in the castle, com-
monly called Joseph's Well, is about 270 feet deep
m the solid rock ; and there is a paseage down by
steps carried round the well.
The commerce of Cairo is very extensive.
Through it the various productions of Asia and
the East Indiee, and partly also those of Europe,
are transmitted into the vast regions of interior
Africa. The communication with the interior of
Africa is chiefly maintained by three caravans,
which go to Sennaar, to Darfur, and to Mourzouk.
The returns are made in gold, ivory, senna, gums,
hides, and above all in slaves. Specimens of al-
most all the native tribes of the continent, are to
be seen in the slave market of Cairo. The trade
with Europe is carried on wholly by the channel
of Alexandria. The population is variously esti-
mated from 250,000 to 700,000.
Cairo, Old, city, Egypt, called anciently Ff stat,
on the Nile, about lv»o miles S. of New or Grsai
C A L
C A L
141
Cairo. It is in a ^eat measure inhabited by Copts,
and is the residence of the patriarch of the Coptic
church.
Cairo, t. Piedmont, in the duchy of Montferrat,
on the Bormida, 18 ni. S. Acqui. Pop. 4,000.
Cairo, formerly Canton, p-t. Greene co. N. Y.
10 m. N. W. Catskill. Pop. 2,055.
Cairo, t. Alexander co. Illinois, at the junction
of the Ohio with the Missisippi, 80 m. S. Kaskas-
kias.
Cairo, or Craig fort, p-t. Sumner co. Ten. on
Cumberland river, 30 m. above Nashville.
Cairoan. See Kairwan.
Cairun. See Caroon,
Caiston, t. Eng. 17 m. N. N. E. Lincoln.
Caithness, county in the N. of Scotland, boun-
ded N. by Pentland frith, E. by Murray frith and
the German ocean ; S. and W. by the county of
Sutherland. It contains 618 square miles. Pop.
23,419. Families 4,714, of which number 3,270
were engaged in agriculture, 838 in manufactures
and ti-ade.
Caithness, Ord of, cape, on the E. coast of Scot-
land. Lon. 3° 13' W. Lat. 58° 12' N.
Cajeli, district of Macassar, in Celebes.
Cajeli, or Boure, t. cap. of the island of Bouro,
in a bay, on the N, E. coast. Lon. 127° 30' E.
Lat. 3° 22' S.
Calaat el Acaba. See Accaba.
Calaat Erroan, fort, Syria, 50 m. N. Aleppo.
Calaat el Moilah, fort, Arabia Petraea, on the
Red Sea. Lat. 28° 10' N.
Calabar, Old, territory, W. Africa, on Calabar
river. Its principal place, Duke Town, is in about
8° E. lon. 5° 40' N. lat.
Calabar, J^ew, river and town^ about 80 m. W.
Old Calabar.
Calabozo, t. Venezuela, 156 m. S. Caraccas.
Lat. 8° 34' N. Pop. 4,800.
Calabria, a province in the kingdom of Naples,
separated from Sicily by the strait of Messina, and
bounded N. E. by the gulf of Taranto, E. S. and
W. by the Mediterranean. A branch of the Ap-
penines crosses the province, dividing it into Cala-
bria Citra, on the N. and Calabria Ultra, on the
S. Both divisions are extremely fertile, and pro-
Aiuce great quantities of fruit, oil, wine, grain,
rice, hemp, cotton, flax, wood, saffron, and manna.
Pop. about 750,000, of which number, Calabria
Citra cojitains 345,000, and Calabria Ultra
405,000.
Calabrito, t. Naples, in the principatp Citra, 8
m. E. N. E. Acerno.
Calacad, t. Hind. 13 m. S. S. W. Tinnevelly.
Calaceri, t. Hind, 45 m. N. Travancore.
Calaginehra, isl. near Sardinia. Lon. 9° 57' E.
Lat. 40° 25' N.
Calahorra, t. Spain, in Old Castile, near the
Ebro, 62 m. N. W. Saragossa. Lon. 2^ 6' W. Lat.
42° 16' N.
Calais, s-p. France, in Pas-de-Calais, opposite
Dover, It is surrounded with a moat and wall,
and defended by a very large citadel. It has an
easy communication by means of canals with St.
Omer, Gravelines, Andres, Bourbourg, and Dun-
kirk. The harbor is not large, and is too much
obstructed with sand to admit large vessels, or
even common merchantmen, except at high wa-
ter. The inhabitants derive their principal sup-
port from the intercourse witji England. 20 m.
N. E. Boulogne, 25 S. W. Dunkirk. I^at. 50° 57'
N.
Calaii, p-t. Washington co, Maine, on Passama-
quoddy river, 35 m. N. E. Machias. Pop. 372.
Calais, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 9 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 841.
Calamat, t. Persia, on the coast of Mekran.
Lon. 63° 4' E.
Calamata, (the ancient Theramene) t. Turkey,
in the Morea, on the river Spinazza. Lon. 22° E.
Lat. 73° 10' N.
Calamianes, a group of islands in the eastern
seas. Lon. 120° 20' E. Lat. 12° N.
Calamon, anciently Calamos, t. on the coast of
Syria, 10 m. S. Tripoli.
Calanee, t. Ceylon, 6 m. N. E. Colombo.
Calanore, district Hind, in Lahore, between 31°
and 32° N. lat. CaluTwre, the capital, is 70 m. E.
Lahore. Lon. 75° E. Lat. Hl^ 51' N.
Cala-scibetta, i. Sicily, 10 m. W. Catania.
Calasiri, t. Hind. 65 m. N. W. Madras.
Calatagirone, t. Sicily, 30 m. S. W. Catania, 37
N. W. Syracuse. Pop. 15,000.
Calatayud, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon,
37 m. S. W. Saragossa. Lon. 1° 33' W. Lat. 41<3
28' N.
Calatrava, t. Spain, in New Castile, on the Gua-
diana, 12 m. N. E. Ciudad Real.
Calaur Islands, in the Eastern seas. Lon. 121°
E. Lat. 6° 50' S.
Calayan, the most northerly of the Babuyanes
islands. Lon. 121° 30' E. Lat. 19° 28' N.
Calhe, t. Prussia, 20 m. S. Magdeburg.
Calbe, t. Prussia, 36 m. W. S. W. Brandenburg.
Calberga, t. Hind. Lon. 77° 8' E. Lat. 1 7° 17' N.
Calbuco, t. Island of Chiloe, in Chili.
Calcar, t. Prussian states, in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 6 m. S. E. Cleves.
Cakasiu, r. Louisiana, empties into the gulf of
Mexico, E. of the Sabine. Before entering the
gulf it spreads out into a broad lake, and then con-
tracts again into a narrow river.
Calcaylares, or Calca and Lares, province of
Peru, bounded S. by Quispicanchi, E. by Paucar-
tambo, S. W. by Cuzco, W. by Abancay, N. and
N. E. by the Andes. Pop. 10,000. It is watered
by the Vilcomayo.
Calchaguay, province. Chili, between the riv-
ers Cachapool and Teno, and between the Andes
and the sea. St. Fernando is tlie capital.
Calcinato, t. Lomhardy, on the Chiese, 10 m.E.
Brescia.
Calcio, t. Lombardy, on the Oglio, 15 m. W.
Brescia.
Calcutta, city, Bengal, and capital of all the
British possessions in Hindostan, stands on tlie E.
bank of Bhagirutti or Hoogly river, about 100
miles from the sea. Opposite to the town there is
good anchorage for ships of 500 tons burden, but
larger vessels are obliged to stop at Diamond har-
bor, about 50 miles down the river. Fort Wil-
liam stands on the side of the Ganges, and com-
mands the river. It is so extensive as to require,
in case of a siege, a garrison of 10,000 or 15,000
men.
Calcutta is inhabited by merchant? of all coun-
tries of the world, and 500,000 natives. The
houses belonging to the English, are well built of
bfick, and many of them more resemble the pala-
ces of monarchs, than the houses of merchants.
The habitations of tlie natives are in general of
one story, and built of earth. This city is the
grand emporium of the east. Its commerce is
very extensive i^ sugar, salt, opium, silks, mus-
lins, calicoes, &c. ; 3ie vcUue of which is nearly
10 millions per annum.
142
O A L
C A L
It is the seat of the metropolitan, who, undei*
the title of bishop of Calcutta, has the supcrin-
tendance of all the ecclesiastical affairs of India.
An institution called the Asiatic Society, was es-
tablished here by Sir Williajn Jones, and a college
founded at Fort William by the marquis Welles-
ley, in which are professoi-s of English, Mahome-
tan, and Hindoo laws, history, geogi-aphy, natural
history, &c. In 1816 a collejje was established
by the Hindoos for the instruction of their sons in
the English and Indian languages, and in the lite-
rature and science of Europe and Asia. This
institution was projected, and is superintended
and supported by the Hindoos themselves. More
recently still, a Mission college has been estab-
lished under the direction of the bishop of Cal-
cutta, which has been generously endowed with
15,000/. by three religious charitable societies in
Great Britain. One principal object of the mis-
sion college is to prepare the natives, and others,
to become preachers, catechists, and schoolmas-
ters. The Baptists and several other denomina-
tions have missionaries in this city. The envi-
rons of Calcutta are occupied by gardens and
country houses, many of which are pleasantly
situated. In 1802, tlie population, within a cir-
cuit of 20 miles, was estimated at 2,225,000. Lon.
88° 28' E. Lat. 22° 34' N.
Caldas, t. Portugal, 10 m. E. Peniche.
Caldas de Gerez, v. Portugal, 3 m. fr. Monta-
legre.
Caldas de Monbuy, t. Spain, in Catalonia, cele-
brated for its hot mineral waters. 15 m. N. Bar-
celona,
Caldecot, v. Eng. in Monmouthshire.
Calder, r, Eng. runs into the Aire.
Calder, v. Scotland, 4 m. S. Nairn.
Calder, Mid, v. Scotland, 12 m. W. Edinburgh.
Caldera, s-p. Chili, 10 m. N. Copiapo.
Calderola, t. States of the Church, 20 m. W.
Fermo.
Calderone, or Giadurognissa, 3 small islands in
the Mediterraneai>, about 15 m. S. Candia.
Caldiero,v. Italy, 9 m. S. E. Verona.
Caldwell, p-t. and cap. Warren co. N. Y. on
lake George, 62 m. N. Albany. Pop. 560. The
old Fort George is in this township.
Caldwell, t. Essex co. N. J. adjoining Newark
ontheN. W. Pop. 2,235.
CaldweW s-bridge, p-v. Franklin co.Ten.
Caledon, a missionary station of the London So- '
ciety, in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 150
m. E. Cape-town.
Caledon Bay, New Holland. Lon. 136° 35' E.
Lat. 12° 47' S'.
Caledonia, port, on the isthmus of Darien. Lon.
77° 36' W. Lat. 8° 30' N.
Caledonia, J^ew, isl. S. Pacific ocean, 240 miles
long. The inhabitants are cannibals. Lon. 163°
37' to 167° 14' E. Lat. 19° 37' to 2<2P 30' S.
Caledonia, co. Vt. bounded N. by Essex co. E.
by Connecticut river, S. by Orange co. W. by
Washington and Orleans counties. Chief towns,
Danville and Peacham. Pop. 18,730. It is wa-
tered by the Pasumpsic, Onion, and Lamoil riv-
ers.
Caledonia, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Genesee
river, 31 m. W. Canandaigua, 17 N. E. Batavia,
chiefly settled by emigrants from Scotland. Pop.
2,355. The Big Springs here, nr BR curiosity. They
discharge water enough, at all seasons, to supply
numerous mills. In this town, gypsum is abun-
dant. There is here a large mound called Bone
Hill, principally composed of human bones.
Caledonia, v. Washington co. Missouri.
Calemicks, Big and Little, 2 small rivers, which
empty into lake Michigan, at its southern bend.
Calenberg, a principality in the southern part
of the kingdom of Hanover. Hanover and Ila^
meln are the chief towns. Pop. 141,500.
Calepio, t. Lombardy, )2 ra. E. Bergamo.
Calf-pasture, or North river, Va. runs into
James river, at its passage through the Blue ridge.
It is one third as large as the main stream.
Calhuco, t. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 42^ 40' S.
Call, or Santiago de Cali, city, of Quito, on the
Canca, 87 m, fr. Popayan, 74 fr. the port of
Buenaventura. Lon. 76° 23' W. Lat. 3° 24' S.
Calian, t. Hind. 32 m. N. E. Bombay.
Calicoy r. Turkey, runs into the gulf of Salo-
niki.
Calicoofe, t. Hind. 20 m. N. W. Ganjam.
Calicoulan, t. on the coast of Malabar. Lat. 9*^
12' N.
Calicut, district, Hind, on the Malabar coast. It
was ceded to Great Britain in 1792. Calicut,
the capital, is 95 m. S. W. Seringapatam. Lon,,
75O60'E. Lat. 11° 15' N.
California, Old, a province of Mexico, or New
Spain. It is a peninsula, extending from the bay
of All-Saints, in lat. 32° to cape St. Lucas, in lat.
22° 48' N. and bounded N. by New California, E.
by the gulf of California, and W. by the Pacific.
A ridge of mountains runs through the centre of
the peninsula. The soil is generally barren. The
Jesuits made the first establishments here in 1742.
Since their expulsion, the Dominican monks of the
city of Mexico have had charge of the missions.
The country contains 55,000 square miles, but in
1803 only 9,000 inhabitants. The population has
much diminished within the last 40 years, owing
to the ravages of tlie small-pox.
California, New, a province of Mexico, or New
Spain, wliich extends from the isthmus of Old
California, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape
Mendocino, in N. lat. 40° 19'. It is a narrow
tract of country, 600 miles long, and contains
16,000 square miles. The soil is as well watered
and fertile, as that of Old California is arid and
stony. The climate is more mild than in the
same latitude on the eastern coast. Good wine
is now made in most of the villages established by
the Spaniards alons: the coast, S. and N. of Mon-
terey, to beyond 37° N. lat. The European olive
is also successfully cultivated in several of the
settlements. The country abounds in fish and
game of every description: hares, rabbits, and
stags, are very common ; seals and otters are also
found in prodigious numbers. There are 18 mis-
sionary settlements, formed by the Spaniards oa
the coast, which, within a few years, have made
great progress in population. Including the In-
dians who were settled, and had begun to culti-
vate the fields, the population in 1790, was 7,748,
and in 1802, 15,562, of whom 1,300 were white?;
mestizoes, and mulattoes.
Calignana, t. Istria, 37 m. S. Trieste.
Calimene, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon.
26° 44' E. Lat. 37° 2' N.
Calinacron, cape, iu the Black sea, 20 m. E.
Constantinople.
Calingapataw, t. Hind, on the sea coast, 12 m.
E. N. E. Cicacole, 70 N, E. Seringapatam, Lon.
84° 15' E. Lat. 18° 25' N.
C A L
Culipari, r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Squil-
lace. Lon. 16° 50' E. Lat. 38° 32' N.
Caliparuin, t. Hind, in Coimbetore, 32 m. W.
X)amicotta.
Calitoor, fort, Ceylon, 28 m. S. Colombo.
Calitri, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 33 m. E.
S. E. Benevento.
Calix, t. gweden, in W. Bothnia, 22 m. W.
Tornea.
Caiix, r. Sweden, runs into the gulf of Both-
«ia, 20 m. W. Tornea.
Calix, Ofver, t. Sweden, in W. Botlinia, 50 m.
N. W. Tornea.
Calia-calla, r. Chili, enters the Valdivia near
the city of that name.
CaUabash Bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 77° 25' E. Lat. 17° 53' N.
C'allac, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Gningamp.
Callacand, t. Hind. 42 m. N. by E. Cape Co-
morin.
Callacoil, t. Hind. 60 m. S. Tanjore.
Callaglian' s, p-v. Bath co. Va.
CaHah. See Gellah.
Callah, el, t. Algiers. It contains an extensive
manufactory of carpets and burnooses. 40 m. E.
Oran.
Callan, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on the King's
river.
Callander, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the
Teth, 51 m. W. Edinburgh.
Calland's store, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Pa.
Callant^s Oog, v. Holland on the sea coast.
Callao, s-p. Peru. It is the port of Lima, from
which city it is 2 leagues distant, and it carries on
a great commerce with the other provinces of
South America, and with Europe. Numerous
batteries command the port and road, which is
the most commodious and safe on the whole coast
of the Pacific ocean. Two islands, and the penin-
sula which nearly reaches them, defend vessels
from the south wind ; towards the west and north
it is open, but the winds never blow with violence
from these quarters. The sea is always tranquil,
and there is anchorage every where in deep wa-
ter. The houses are generally built of slight ma-
terials, stone houses being apt to suffer from
earthquakes, which are frequent here. The most
remarkable of these happened in 1746, when
three-fourths of Lima was laid in ruins, and Cal-
lao entirely demolished. Lon. 77° 4' W, Lat. 12°
2' S.
Callao, or Campello, isl. 8 m. from the coast of
Cochin-China. Lon. 108° 30' E. Lat. 15° 55' N.
Callas, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Draguignam.
Calle la, fort, on the coast of Algiers, formerly
the principal factory of the French African com-
pany. 75 m. W. Tunis.
Callenberg, v. Saxony, 48 m. W. S. W. Dres-
den.
Callian, t France, 56 m. N. E. Toulouse.
Callian. See Gallian.
Callianee, t. Hind. 65 m. W. Beeder. Lon. 77°
33' E. Lat. 17° 22' N.
Calliano, v. Tyrol, near the Adige, 6 ra. from
Trent.
Callianpour, t. Hind, on the sea coast, 36 m. N.
by W. Mangalore. Lat. 13° 18' N.
Calliaqna, t. and harbour at the S. W. end of
St. Vincent.
Calligong, district of Bengal, between 24° and
25° N. lat. and 88° and 89° E. lon. Its chief town
J« Doolabary.
Callinger, district of AllaUabad, in Hiad. be-
C A L
143
tween »4° and 26° N. lat. bounded N. by the riv-
er Jumna, and W. by Chatterpore. In 1303, it
was ceded by the Mahrattas to the Britisli. Cal-
linger, the capital is a strong and very celebrated
Ibrt. Lon. 80° 22' E. Lat. 24° 58' N.
Callington, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 10 m. S.
Launceston.
Calliondrog, fort. Hind. 44 m. S. by E. Bellary
Lat. 14° 30r N.
Cahnuc. See Kalirmc.
Calmar, t. Sweden, on Kalmar sound, in the Bal-
tic,7 m. from the island of Oland, which lies directly
opposite. On the side next the harbour, it is sur-
rounded with double walls and ditclies, and out-
side the town, on tlie Sound, stands the castle of
Calmar, which is deemed one of the strongest pla-
ces in Sweden. The harbour is small, but secure.
The commerce of the town was formerly very con-
siderable, but a great part of it has been transfer-
red to Stockholm. Pop. 4,000. 150 m. N. E. Co-
penhagen, 190 S. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16° 26
E. Lat. 56° 40' 30" N.
Cabnina, large t Dahomy, in Africsu Pop.
15,000.
Calne, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 19 m. E. Bath. Pop.
3,457.
Cain, East, Chester co. Pa. Pop. 974. Cain,
fTe*/, adjoining it. Pop. 1,003.
Calneli, in Sac. Geog. city, probably the same as
Ctesiphon, on the Tigris, 3 m. from Selucia.
Caloiera, or Calogera, isl. inthe Archipelago, 15»
m. S. Andros.
CaloLitnno, isl. in the Propontis, anciently call-
ed Besbicus. Lon. 28° 31' E. Lat. 40° 21' N.
Calota, city, S. America, in Popayan, on the
Magdalena, near its source.
Caloude, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 75° 28'
E. Lat. 18° 42' N.
Calowz, district. Hind, about 32° N. lat. boun-
ded N. by Kaugrah, E. by Besseer, S. by Nhan,
and W. by the Punjab. Its capital is Bellaspore.
Calpe, t. Spain, on the coast of Valencia. Lat,
38° 37' N.
Calpenteen, fort and lai^e native village, on the
W. coast of Ceylon, 90 m. N. Colombo, 100 S. Jaff-
na. It is a station of the Church Missionary So-
ciety. Lon. 79° 50' E. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Calpy, t. Hiiia. in Agra, on the Jumna. It is a
place of considerable trade, and the entrepot for
the transportation of cotton from the western and
southern provinces into the British territories.
Lon. 79° 48' E. Lat. 26° 10' N.
Caltura, v. and fort on the W. coast of Ceylon,
28 m. S. Colombo. The We.=leyan Methodists
have schools here in which more than 500 chil-
dren receive instruction.
Calvados, rocks on the N. coast of Normandy.
Lat. 49° 22' N.
Calvados, a department of France, bounded E.
by Eure, S. by Orne, W. by La Manche, and N. by
the English channel. Pop. 505,500.
Calver, t. Eng. Derby co. 10 m. from Chestei'-
field,
Calterleigh-, t. Ehg. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E.
Bradford.
Calvert, co. Md. on the W. shore of the Chesa<;^
peake,bounded N. by Anne-Arundell co. S. W. bj-
St. Mary's co. W. by Prince George co. Pop.
8,005 ; slaves, 3,937. Chief town. Prince Frederick.
Calvi, fortified t. Corsica, 38 m. W. S. W. Bai,
tia.
Calvi, t. Naples, 7 m. N. Capua.
CoiHsano, t Italy, 12m. S. S.E. Brescis,'
144
C A M
Calvisson, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S. W.
Nismes.
Calvizzano, large v. near Naples.
C'aluma, r. Africa, falls into the Atlantic about
60 m. N. Sierra Leone.
Caluma, r. Quito, enters the Babahayo.
Calumasee, r. Michigan, runs into Lake Michi-
gan, N. of Black river.
Calumet, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Calrorde, t. Germany, in Brunswick, 21 m. N.
W. Magdeburg.
Caluso, t. Piedmont, 5 m. N. Chivalso.
CaMo, t. S. America, 70 m. E. S. E. Pepayan.
Calw or Calbe, t. Wirtemberg, 16 m. W. S. W.
Stutgard. Lon. 8° 50' E. Lat. 48° 47 N.
Calymere, the S. point «f the Carnatic. Lon.
79° 55' E. Lat. 10° 23' N.
Calzada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m. W. Cal-
ahorra.
Cam, r. Eng. is formed by the union of the Rhee
and the Granta, near Cambridge, and falls into
the Ouse among the Fens .
Catn, V. Eng. Gloucester co. 1 m. N. Dursley.
Cam, r. Eng runs into the Severn, 6 m. N. N. Ei.
Berkley.
Camana, province, Peru, bordering on the Pa-
cific. Camana, the capital, is on the Mages, about
2 leagues from the sea; 70 m. W. Arequipa. Lat.
16° 17' S.
Camaran, isl. in the Red sea, off cape Israol, on
the coast of Arabia. Lat. 15° 6' N.
Camarana, r. Sicily, runs into the sea on the S.
roast. Lon. 13° 32' E.
Camarasa,t. Spain, 8 m. N. E. Balaguer.
Camarca, t. Samos, 5 m. W. N. W. Cora.
Camaret, s-p. France, 8 m. S. Brest.
Camaret, v. France, 4 m. N. E. Orange.
Camargos, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 35 m.
N. E. Villa-Rica.
Camargue, a cluster of islands, France, in the
Mouth of the Rhone, separated from each other by
C5anals.
Camarines, tiie most southern province of Lu-
con, one of the Philippine islands.
Camarioca, t. Cuba, 15 m. E. Havannah,
Camaron, Cape, on tlie coast of Honduras. Lon.
84° 54' W. Lat 15° 30' N.
Camarones, r. W. Africa. Its mouth is in lat.
3°30'S.
Camarones, r. Patagonia. Its mouth is in lat.
44^ 45' S.
Cambal, mountainous and fertile district, at the
S. extremity of Abyssinia.
Cambui/, t. Hind, in Gujerat. at the top of
the gulf of Cambay. It was formerly a very
flourishing town, but owing to tlie dangers of the
navigation of the gulf, the trade has much de-
creased, and is chiefly confined now to cotton and
cornelians, which are carried to Bombay. In
1803 it was ceded to the British. Lon. 72° 45' E.
Lat. 22° 23' N.
Camberg, t. Germany, in Nassau, 22 m. N.
Mentz, 30 E. Coblentz.
Cambergarn, t. Hind, in Dowiatabad, 8 m. S.
W. Amednagur.
Camberwell, v. Eng. in Surrey, 2i m. S. Lon-
don.
Camho, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 ra. S.
by E. Bayonne.
Cambodia, Gamboge, or Camboya, country, Asia,
on the E. shore of the gulf of Siam, bounded N. by
Laos, E. by Cochin China, and Tsiampa, W. by
Sfcim, and S. by the sea. It fe about ^ miles
CAM
loag, trom N. to S. and 150 broad. It is v/atered
by a fine river, generally called Cambodia river.
The soil is exceedingly fertile, producing rice, le-
gumes, and fruits, as well as many medicinal
plants. Elephants, lions, and tigers are found
here ; and cattle are very plentiful. Silk and
ivory arc abundant. Though Cambodia contains
valuable commodities, it carries on little traffic
with other nations, and there are few countries
with which Europeans are less acquainted. Lat.
90 to 140 N.
Cambodia, city, cap. of the country of Cambo-
dia, is situated on Cambodia river, 160 or 170
miles from the sea. Lon. 104° 35' E. Lat. 13° N.
Cambodia, r. Asia, called also Kiou-Long, May-
kanng, Mecon or Micon, and Japanese. It rises
among the mountains of Thibet, and passing the
province of Yun-nan, in China, and the country of
Laos and Cambodia, falls into the Chinese sea by
several mouths. This river is navigable by the
largest vessels, 40 leagues from its mouth.
Cambodia, Cape, the southern extremity of
Cambodia, in the gulf of Siam. Lon. 106° E.
Lat. 10° N.
Cambona, isl. off the S. coast of Celebes. Lon.
125° 45' E. Lat. 5° 22' S.
Camborne, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 12 m. S. W.
Truro.
Cambray, t. France, in the dep. of the North,
on the Scheld. The citadel is one of the strongest
in Europe. The manufactures are a very fine
species of linen, which has received from this
place the name of cambric ; alsothfead, soap, and
leather ; 15 m. S. E. Douay, 110 N. N. E. Paris.
Lon. 3° 13' 47" E. Lat. 50° 10' 37" N.
Cambray, or Gwerneur, p-v. St. Lawrence co.
N.Y.
Cambria, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niagara
river. Pop. 1,465. It contains the post villages
o{ Manchester^ Lewiston, and Fort Niagara ; which
see.
Cambria, co. Pa. bounded N. by Clearfield co.
E. by Huntingdon and Bedford cos. S. by Somer-
set CO. and W. by Westmoreland and Indiana cos.
Pop. 2,1 17. Cbi'ef t. Ebensburg.
Cambria, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 868.
Cambridge, an inland county of England, bound-
ed N. by Lincolnshire, N. W. by Northampton-
shire, N. E. by Norfolk, E. by Suffolk, S. by
Essex and Hertlbrdshire, S. W. by Bedfordshire,
and W. by Huntingdonshire. It colitains 686 sq.
miles. Pop. in 1810, 100,109. Families 21,022,
of which number 12,831 were engaged in agricul-
ture, and 5,303 in trade and manufactures.
Cambridge, t. Eng. cap. of Cambridge co. is sit-
uated on the Cam, 17 m. S. Ely, and 51 N. Lon-
don. Lat. 51° 12' N. Pop. 11,108. It is divided
into 14 parishes, and has 14 churches, besides 4
meeting-houses for dissenters. Cambridge is
chiefly celebrated for its university, which was
founded sometime previous to 1229. It con-
sists of 13 different colleges, 4 halls, the schools,
the public library, and the senate-house. The
schools, which occupy tliree sides of a small
court, were commenced, on their present site,
in 1442, but were not completed till 1470. The
public library, is calculated to contain nearly
100,000 volumes. The senate-house, where de-
grees are confei-red, and otlier public business
of the university transacted, is a handsome build-
ing of Portland stone. The colleges have been
founded at different periods during the six prece-
ding centuries, and are very unequal in extent
CAM
aud decoration. 1. St. Peter's, or Peter House,
was founded in 1284. 2. Clare Hall, in 1326.
3. Pembroke Hall, in 1343. 4. Corpus Christi,
Benit, or Benedict College, in 1356 ; thoug-h a
mean edifice, one of its libraries, consisting of Sax-
on and old English manuscripts, is much celebra-
ted. 5. Trinity Hall, in 1350. 6. Gonvile and
Caius College, in 1348. 7. King's College, the
chapel of which is said to be the most magnificent
structure of the kind in Europe, was founded by
King Henry VI. in 1441, but not completed before
the reign of Henry VIII. 8, Queen's College, in
1448. 9. Catherine Hall, in 1475. 10. Jesus
College, in 1496 11. Christ College, in 1506.
12. St. John's College, in 1509. 13. Mary Mag-
dalen College, in 1542. 14. Trinity College, by
King Henry VIII. in 1540; here "there is a li-
brary which ranks among the first in Great Brit-
ain, for its collection of printed books, manu-
scripts, Roman antiquities and natural curiosities.
15. Emanuel College, in 1584. 16. Sidney Sus-
sex College, in 1593. 17. Downing College was
founded in the year 1807, in pursuance of the will
of Sir George Downing, made 1717. He died in
the year 1747 ; but the fund for endowment of
the college, which now produces about 6000/.
being burdened with survivorships, and subject
to a long litigation, the erection of the edifice was
postponed. — The university enjoys many privi-
leges, and is entitled to send two representatives
to parliament. The whole number of fellows be-
longing to the university, previous to the founda-
tion of Downing College, was 406, and of scholars
666, besides 236 inferior officers and servants,
who are maintained on the various endowments.
Catnbridge, t. Coos co. N. H. on Lake Umba-
gog, 95 m. N. by E. Concord.
Cambridge, p-t. Franklin Co. Vt, on Lamoil riv-
er, 21 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 990.
Cambridge, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Charles
river, 3 m. VV. N. W. Boston. Pop. 2,323. It
contains the colleges, a court-house, county jail.
State arsenal, and 4 houses for public worship, viz.
SforCongregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1
for Baptists. The courts for the county are held
alternately here and at Concord. The court-
house and jail are at the S. E. extremity of the
town, on Lechmore's point, which approaches
within a mile of Boston, and is connected with it
by a bridge over Charles river. There is anoth-
er bridge connecting this point with Charlestovra.
The village of Cambridgeport, which lies west of
Lechmore's point, is connected with Boston by a
bridge, called West Boston bridge. In this town
is Harvard College, or the University of Cam-
bridge, the oldest and most wealthy literary insti-
tution in the United States. It was founded in
1638, in less than 20 years after the first settle-
ment of New-England. Its officers, in 1819, were
a President, 20 professors, 2 tutors, an instructor
in French and Spanish, 4 proctors, and a regent.
The library is the largest in Amei'ica, containing
25,000 volumes. The philosovihical and chemical
apparatus are complete. There is a valuable
cabinet of minerals, belonging to the university,
an excellent anatomical museum, and a Botanic
garden, containing 8 acres, and furnished with an
extensive collection of trees, shrubs^ and plants,
both native and foreign. The college buildings
consist of the University hall, which is an elegant
stone edifice, containing the chajiel, dining halls,
and lecture rooms ; Harvard hall, containing the
library, philosophical apparatus, museum, &c. ;
19
C AM
145
4 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for
students ; and several other buildings, for the ac-
commodation of the president, professors, and stu-
dents. An astronomical observatory is about to
be erected on an expensive scale. A Law school,
a Medical school, and Theological seminary, form
part of the University. The whole number of
students, in 1819, was 383, of whom 38 were The-
ological students, 62 Medical students, 11 Law
students, and 272 undergraduates. The whole
number who were educated here from the estab-
lishment of the institution, to the year 1818, was
4,442, a greater number than at any other college
in the country.
Cambridge, West, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m.
N. Boston, Pop. 971.
Cambridge, p-t. Washington co. N. Y, 12 m. S.
Salem, 35 N. E. Albany. Pop. 6,730. In 1816,
2 towns, White creek and Jackson, were set off
from Cambridge.
Cambridge, p-t. and cap. Dorchester co. Md.
about 14 m. S. Easton. Lat. 38° 34' N. It is fine-
ly situated on Great Choptank river, which is
here 2 miles wide. The town is neatly built,
and the public buildings are, a house of worship
for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, a court-house
and jail, and an academy.
Cambridge, p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 80 m.
N. N. W. Columbia, 50 N. by W. Augusta, 140
N. W^ Charleston. It contains 60 or 70 houses, a
court-house and jail, and an academy. In May,
1781, this town, then in possession of the British,
was closely besieged by General Greene.
Cambridge, p-t. and cap. Guernsey co. Ohio, on
Will's creek, 2.5 m. E. Zanesville, 85 fr. Colum-
bus. Lat. 40° 4' N. It is a flourishing place, and
contains the county buildings, and about 50 dwel-
ling houses.
Cambrilla, t. Spain, 10 m. W. S. W. Tarragona.
Cambntsa, or Porto Fenelico, s-p. A. Turkey,
in the gulf of Satalia, 7 m. N. Cape Chelidoni.
Camburg, t. Saxony, on the Saale, 32 m. S. W.
Leipsic.
Cambusnethan, v. Scotland, in Lanark, on the
Clyde, 5 m. fr. Lanark.
Cambyna, isl. off the S. E. extremity of Celebes.
Camdeboo, district of the Cape of Good Hope,
bordering on Kaffraria.
Camden. See Campden.
Camden, t. Kent co. Upper Canada, on the
Thames.
Camden, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on Penobscot-
bay, about 12 m. E, Thomaston, and 37 E. Wis-
casset. Pop. 1,607. It is a small growing village,
and carries on the business of burning lime.
Camden, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. N. W.
Rome. It is settled chiefly by emigrants from Con-
necticut. Pop. 1,132.
Camden, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the Dela-
ware, opposite Philadelphia.
Camden, p-t. Kent co. Del. about 4 m. S. Do-
ver.
Camden, co. N. E. part of N. C. Pop. 5,347.
Slaves, 1,411. Chief t. Jonesboro'.
Camden, p-t. and cap. Kershaw co. S. C. on the
E. side of the Wateree, 35 m. N. E. Columbia,
120 N. by W. Charleston, 109 i\. E, Augusta. Lat.
34° 17' N. Lon. 80° 54' W. It is regularly laid
out, aud contains about 200 houses, a court-house
and jail, an academy, 4 religious societies, viz. an
Episcopalian, a Presbytei-ian, a Baptist and a
Methodist. The river is navigable for boats of
70 tons, and there is a Kvelv trad^" wjtfc the back
I4G
C A M
country, ft is memorable for two battka foit*bt
here during the Revolutionary war; one, the
16th Aug. 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord
Cornwallis; the other, the 23d April, between
Gen. Greene and Lortl Rawdon.
Camden^ co. on the coast of Geo. separated from
Florida, by St Mary's river. Pop. 3,941. Slaves,
2,687. Chief towns, Jefferson and St Marys.
Camden., Port, inlet, in Prince Frederick's
sound. I-on. of the entrance, 226° 15' E. Lat. 56°
55' N.
Camelford, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Camel,
17 m. W. Launceston.
Camelon, v. Scotland, in Stirling, 2 m. W. Fal-
kirk.
Camels-rumpj mt. one of the highest of the Green
Mountains, 20 m. E. by S. Burlington.
Camen, t. Prussia, 20 m. S. E. Munster. Lon.
7° 46' E. Lat. 51° 55' N.
Camen?:, v. Silesia, on the Neias, 5 m. S. of
Frankenstein. Lon. 16° 4 1' E. Lat. 50° 20' N .
Camerino, t. Italy, in States of the Church, 40
m. S. W. Ancona, 75 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13°
^' 18"E. Lat. 43°6'26'N.
Cameroon, isl. near the S. W. coast of Polawan.
Lon. 117° 24' E. Lat. 7° 57 N.
Camilhis, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Seneca
river and the Eric canal,' 10 m. W. Onondaga.
Pop. 2,378. Gypsum is abundant here.
Camin, or Kammin, a small town of the Prus-
«ian states, in Farther Pomerania, circle of Flem-
ming, near the influx of the Oder into the Baltic,
with 1,900 inhabitants. It was once the seat of an
independent bishopric, and the venerable cathedral
fs still in existence, as well as the chapter. 24
miles N. of Old Stettin, and 30 N. N. W. of Star-
gard. Lon. 14° 45' E. Lat. 53° 56' N.
CaminJia, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
11 m. N. N, W. Viana. Lon. 8° 35' W. Lat 41°
45' N.
Camisano, t. Venetian territory, 7 ra. S. E. Vi-
cenza.
Camisano, t. Italy, in Lombardy, 6 m. N. N. E.
Crema.
Comma, country of W. Africa, immediately N.
Loango.
Cammerolo, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic.
Lat. 42° 16' N.
Camolin, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 10 m. N. N. E.
Enniscorthy.
Camonica, Valle di, valley. Upper Italy, in the
Bresciano, on the Oglio, 45 miles long and 9 wide.
Pop. about 40,000.
Camora, t. Portugal, 20 m. N. E. Lisbon.
Camorta, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 90°
E. Lat. 10° N.
Camarovska, Islands, in the St Lawrence, about
60 m. below the island of Orleans.
Camounga, Cape, on the W. c-oast of Cyprus.
Lon. 34° 36' E. Lat. 34° 50' N.
Campagna, t. Naples, 6 m. E. N. E. Salerno.
Campagna di Rom^, or Territory of Rome, one
of the States of the Church, bounded N. by II Pat-
rimonio di St Pietro and Sabina, N. E. and E. by
the kindom of Naples, and S. and VV. by the Tus-
can sea. Formerly the richest and most populous
fi})ot in the world ; it now consists of waste aud un-
healthy tracts, nearly depopulated. There are
few houses or trees, and little is to be seen but the
Dcatterod ruins of temples and tombs. The soil is
generally fertile.
Campagnac^ t. Frrmce, ia Arevr^n, STS m. N-
Milfiaud
CAM"
Campagnano, or Sarulo, r. Naples, in Calabria
Citra, falls into the gulf of St Eufemia.
Campagne, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 8 m. S.
E. Montreuil sur Mer.
Campaign creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 8 ffl.
above Gallipolis.
Campan, t, France, in Upper Pyrenees, on the
Adour, 2i m. S. Bagneres. Pop. 4,200.
Campbell, co, Va. bounded N. by James river
and Buckingham co. E. by Charlotte co. S.by Ap-
pomatox river, and W. by Bedford co. Pop.
11,001. Slaves, 5,368-
Campbell, co. Ten. Pop. 2,668. Slaves, 103.
Chief town, Jacksonborough.
Campbell, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio. Pop.
3,473. Slaves, 472. Chief town, Newport.
Campbell Point, cape in Cooke's inlet N. W,
coast of America. Lon. 2 10° 35' E. Lat. 60° 6' N..
Campbell, Cape, New Zealand. Lon. 183° 45'
W. Lat. 41° 44' S.
Campbell- s fort, in Tennessee, near the conflu^
ence of the Holston and Tennessee rivers.
Campbeir s grove, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
CampbelVs mills, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C
CampbclVs station, p-v. Knox co. Ten.
CampbelVs ville, p-v. Green co. Ken.
CampbelUown, s-p. Scotland, in Argyle, trithaft
excellent harbor, 30 m. W, Ayr, 175 W. Edin-
burgh. Lon. 5° 34' VV. Lat. 55° 27' N. Pop. 6,000.
Campbelltoun, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y.
Campbell town, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 13 m. E. Har-
risburg.
CampbelUown, p-v. Edgefield district S. C.
Campdcn, or Camden, t. Eng. in Gloucester-
shire, 7 m. fr. Eversham.
Campcachy, t. Mexico, in Merida, or Yucatan,
on the river St. Francis, in the bay of Campeachy.
The port is large, but shallow. It was formerly a
stated market for logwood, of which great quanti-
ties grew in the rieighborhood. Lon. 90° 34' W.
Lat. 19° 30' N. Pop. 6,000.
CamjyfM, fortified t. Netherlands, in Overyssel,
on the Yssel, a few miles above its entrance into
the Zuyderzee. Its port is now much choked up
with sand. Pop. 6,200. 45 m. N, E. of Amster-
dam. Lon. 5° 48' E. Lat. 52° 37' N.
Campion, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 104° 44'
E. Lat. 40° 25' N.
Campione, t. Switzerland, 4 ra. S. S. E. Lugano.
Campo, t. on the S. coast of the island of Elba.
Campo Basso, t. Naples, in Sannio, on the bon-
ders of the Molise.
Campo Dolcino, v. Lombardy, 5 m. N. W. Chia-
venna.
Campo Formio, an elegant castle in the Vene-
tian territory, nearly 4 m. W. of Udine, in FriuU.
Campo Longo, or Langenau, t. Turkey, in Wa-
lachia, 30 m. N. E. Ribnitz.
Campo Major, t. Italy, 10 m. N. W. Lucca.
Campo Mayor, t. and barrier fortress of Portu-
gal, in Alentejo, 10 m, N. W. Badajoz, and 100 E.
Lisbon. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Campo Morone, t. Sardinian States, 8 m. N. N.
W. Genoa.
Campo di S. Pietro, t. Venetian territory, 12 ».
N. Padua.
CampoH, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 3 m. N. of
Teramo. Lon. 13° 46' E. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Campredon, fortified t. Spain, in Catalonia, on
the Ter, 20 m. S. E. Puycerda, 27 N. N. W.
Gerona. Lon. 2° 13' E. Lat. 42° 23' N.
Campsie, v. Scotland, in Stirling, 7 m. fr. Dun.-
baTton. Pop. 3,618.
CAN
Campion, t. Grafton co. N. H. 40 m. N. Con-
cord. Pop. 873.
Ca/npville, p-v. Spartanburg district, 8. C.
Camroop, formerly an independent knigdom, ly-
ing N. E. of Bengal, on both banks of the Brahma-
pootra river. It is now included partly in Ben-
gal, and partly in Assam,
Camioos River, r. Soutli Africa, in the Eastern
part of tlie Cape Colony.
Cam uda, s-p. Pegue. Lat. 15° N. Lon. 97° 40' E.
CarniU, t. Tartary, in Tangut. liOn. 97° 54' E.
lat. 37° 15'N.
Cana. See Carina.
Carta, in Sac. Geog. the name of two cities of
Galilee in Palestine. Cana the Greater, and Ca-
va the Lesser, or Cana of Galilee. The latter is
frequently mentioned in the sacred writings. It
was N. W. of the sea of Galilee.
Cana, v. Syria, with about 500 families, 7 m.
W. N. W. Tabaria.
Canaan, land of, in Sac. Geog. so named from
Canaan, the son of Ham, lies in the W. part of
Asia, and extends from about 31° to 33° 20' N. lat.
and from 34° 50' to 37° 15' E. lon. bounded N. by
Csele-Syria, or the Mountains of Libanus and An-
ti-Libanus ; W. by the Mediterranean, E. by Ara-
bia Deserta, S. and S. W. by Arabia Petrsea and
Egypt. Its extent was about 200 miles from N.
to S. that is, from Dan to Beer-Sheba, and about
100 miles in breadth.
Canaan, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the E.
side of Kennebec river, opposite Bloomfield, 10
m. E. Norridgewock, 15 above Waterville, 35
above Hallowell. Pop. 1,275. It has some valu-
able mills.
Canaan, p-t. Grafton co, N. H. 12 m. E. Dart-
mouth college. Pop. 1,094.
Canaan, p-t Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut riv-
er, 69 m. N. E, Montpelier. Pop. 232.
Canaan, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the E. side of
the Housatonic, 16 m. N. N, W. Litchfield. Pop.
2,203. The falls in the river at this place are
about 60 feet nearly perpendicular. The river is
about 75 yards wide. Manufactures, chietly of
iron, are carried on here.
Canaan^ p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. 25 m, N. E.
Hudson. Pop. 4,941. The viW^e oi New Leba-
non is in this township.
Canaan, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop, 229.
Cana-camin, a bay on the south coast of Arabia,
at the mouth of a river, which, after passing sev-
eral towns, falls into the Arabian sea. Lon. 47°
5'E.Lat 13°30'N,
Canabac, one of the largest of the Bissagos isl-
ands,
Canada, an extensive country in N, America,
formerly called the province of Quebec, but since
1791, it has been divided into two provinces, called
Upper and Lower Canada.
Canada, Lower, lies between 45° and 52° N. lat,
and 63° and 8 1° W. lon. It is bounded N. by the
territory of the Hudson's Bay company, or
East Maine ; E. by tlie gulf of St. Lawrence,
and part of the Labrador coast; S. by New
Brunswick, Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont,
and New- York; and W. by Upper Canada,
from which it is separated principally by the Ot-
tawa river, and a line drawn from the head of the
river in Lake Temiscaming, due N, to Hudson's
bay. It is divided into the districts of Montreal,
Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe, which were
subdivided by a proclamation of the government,
in 1792. Bito the following 21 counties, uamely.
CAN
Ut
Bedford, Buckingham, Cornwallia, Devon, DoV-
chester, Effingham, Gaspe, Hampshire, Hertford,
Huntingdon, Kent, Leiuster, Montreal, St. Mau-
rice, Northumberland, Orleans, Quebec, Riche-
lieu, Surrey, Warwick, and York. The minoi-
divisions are, 1st, The seigniories, or the original
grants of the French government under the feu-
dal system, which were again partitioned out into
parishes by the French government, 2d, The
townships orjgrants of land made by the Engiiih
government since the year 1796, in free and com-
mon soccage, — The climate is congenial to liealth
in an eminent degree. Heat and cold are indeed
felt in their extremes, but they are not oppressive.
The cloudless sky and pure dry air of winter^
makes the cold both pleasant and healthy. No
general description will convey an adequate idea
of the soil of Lower Canada. In the part of the
province south of the St. Lawrence, a triangular
district, included between the northern bounda-
ries of Vermont and New-Hampshire, the St,
Lawrence and the Chaudiere, consists of excellent
land, laid out in townships, and in many parts
settled and cultivated, and;bids fair to become the
most flourishing part of the province ; from the
Chaudiere to the sources of the St. John, the land
is much broken, and of an indifferent quality ; from
the sources of the St, John to the gulf of St, Law-
rence, the country has been but partially explor-
ed, but has every appearance of sterility. On the
north side of the St. Lawrence, a ridge of heights
commences at the eastern extremity of the prov-
ince, and runs along the margin of the river, from
64° to 71° W. lon : it then leaves the river, and,
taking a S. W. direction, strikes the Ottawa river,
about 38 leagues above its confluence with the St.
Lawrence, enclosing within it and tbe two rivera,
a beautiful country, well watered and level. Oa
the N. side of the ridge just described, lies the re-
maining part of Lower Canada, wluch has been
so little explored, that it is only known to be cov-
ered with immense forests. The population of
Lower Canada has rapidly increased witliin a few
years. In 1759, when it was conquered from the
French, it was estimated at 70,000; in 1775, it
had onlyjincreased to 90,000; but in 1814, a capi-
tation shewed no less than 335,000, of whom
275,000 were descendants of the original French
settlers, and the remainder English, Scotch, Irish,
Americans, &;c, — The government is administeredl
by a governor, lieutenant-governor, executive
council, and legislative council, who are appoint-
ed by the king ; and a house of assembly, who are
representatives of the people, — The prevailing re-
ligion is Roman Catholic ; of this persuasion there
isaBishopof Quebec, a coadjutor, with the title
of Bishop of Salde, nine vicars general, and about
200 curates and missionaries, spread over the dif-
ferent districts of the province. Tlie revenues oi"
the Catholic clergy are derived in part from grants
made of land to them under the ancient regime,.
The spiritual concerns of theprotestants are under
the guidance ofthe Lord Bishop of Quebec, 9 rec-
tors, and a competent number of other clergymen,
who are supported in part by annual stipends
from the government, and the appropriation of
one seventh of all gi'anted lands,
Canada, Upper, is bounded N. by the territory of
the Hudson's bay company ; N. E. and E. by Low-
er Canada ; S, E, and S. by the United States ; on
the W. and N. W, no limits have been assigned tq
it. It is divided into 8 districts, viz. the EasterB,
Johnstown, Mi^ilan^?, Nf wfr>-;lle, Home, Nfa°;ara,
14B
CAN
London, and Western. These are again subdivi-
ded into 23 counties, and 159 townships. The
townships contain in all 9,694,400 acres, of which
3,000,000 are granted in free and common soccage,
2,769,828 are reserved for the crown and clergy,
and 3,924,572 still remain to be granted. These
townships are laid out along the banks of the St.
Lawrence, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and Lake St.
Clair, and extend back for a distance, varying
from 40 to 50 miles. The soil throughout, is scarce-
ly excelled by any portion of N. America. In the
rear of the townships are large tracts of land,
stretching far to the north, covered with immense
forests, and little known except to the Indians ;
but it has been ascertained that there are many
large tracts of rich soil. — The climate is salubri-
ous. The winters are shorter and milder than in
Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from
6 weeks to 2 months earlier than at Quebec. The
population of Upper Canada has increased with
great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000
souls, and in 1814 it was 95,000. It is made up,
ppincipally,of emigrants from the United States,and
a few British, Irish, and Scotch. Of the 3,000,000
acres granted to settlers, tlie quantity under tillage
in 1815, was estimated at 290,000, dispersed over
the different districts. The most populous and
improved part of the colony, is along the banks of
St. Lawrence, and the eastern part of Lake Onta-
rio.— The government of Upper Canada is admin-
istered by a lieutenant-governor, (who is almost
always a military officer,) a legislative council,
an executive council, and a house of assembly.
The legislative council consists of not less than 7
members, of which the chief justice of the province
is president, and wherein the Bishop of Quebec
has a seat ; the members are appointed by man-
damus from the King, and hold their seats, under
certain restrictions, for life. The executive coun-
cil is composed of 6 members ; the chief j ustice is
president, and the bishop of Quebec likewise has
a seat in it. The house of assembly is composed of
25 members, who are returned from the 23 coun-
ties ; the duration of the assembly is limited to 4
years. The civil and criminal law is administer-
ed by a chief justice and 2 puisne judges. There
is a court of king's bench, common pleas, and a
court of appeal. The expense of the civil list is
defrayed by Great Britain.
For the defence of the two Canadas, a regular
military establishment is maintained by the Brit-
ish government, which was estimated in 1815, at
from 27,000 to r50,000 men. The river St. Law-
>'once is the only channel, by which the commodi-
ties of these two provinces have hitherto found
their way to the ocean. The principal exports
consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and
bowsprits, spars of all denominations, staves, pot
and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, In-
dian corn, pulse, salt provisions, fish, and other
miscellaneous articles, which employ generally
about 150,000 tons of shipping. In return for
these are imported, wines, rum, sugar, molasses,
coffee, tobacco, salt, coals, and manufactured pro-
duce from Great Britain. The commerce of Can-
ada has been progressively increasing, since it be-
came a British province. In 1769, the annual
value of its exports amounted to 163,105/. and it
employed 70 vessels. In 1797, the exports amoun-
ted in value to 491,419 /. and the imports to
338,214. In 1808, the exports were 1,156,060/,
and the imports 6 10,000 /.
CAN
Canada, creek, East, N. Y. runs into the Mo-
hawk from the N. 9 m. below Little Falls.
Canada creek. West, N. Y. the largest northern
branch of the Mohawk. It rises near the head-
waters of Black river, and discharges itself at
the German flats, 6 m. above Little Falls.
Canada creek, Oneida co. N. Y. the N. branch
of Wood creek, joins the W. branch, 4^ m. W.
Rome.
Canadaway. See Fredonia.
Canadaway creek, N. Y. runs N. W. 12 miles,
and falls jnto lake Erie, about 45 m. S. W. Buffa-
loe.
Canadian river, Arkansaw Territory, runs N.
E. and joins the Arkansaw, below the mouth of
Nagracka river. It is navigable 100 miles.
Canafoharie, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
S. side of the Mohawk, 15 m. S. W. Johnston, 49
W. Albany. Pop. 4,010. Canajeharie, or Bow-
man's creek runs into the Mohawk at this place.
Canals. See Middlesex, Erie, Sec.
Canandaigua, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 16 m. W.
Geneva, 111 W. Utica, 208 W. Albany, 88 E.
Buff'aloe. Lat. 42° 48' 41" N. Pop. of the vil-
lage in 1818, 1,788. It has an Episcopal church,
a Congregational, and a Methodist ; a state arse-
nal, a court-house and jail, and an academy. It
is situated on a hill, at a little distance west of the
Lake. The houses are built with uncommon ele-
gance, and many of them would be ornaments in
the oldest settlements of the country.
Canandaigua lake, Ontario co. N. Y. 14 miles
long, and about 1 wide. It discharges its waters
through Canandaigua river, 45 miles long, into
Seneca river.
Cananore, s-p. Hind, on the coast of Malabar.
It carries on a trade with other parts of the pe-
ninsula, as also with Arabia and Sumatra. 100
m. W. S. W. Seringapatam. Lon. 75° 25' E. Lat.
11°51'N.
Canara, a province on the W. coast of Hindos-
tan, about 180 miles long, bounded N. by the Be-
japore, E. by the Mysore and Balaghaut district,
S. by Malabar, and W. by the sea. The climate
of this country is fine. It produces abundance of
rice, which is the staple commodity, sandal-wood,
sugar-cane, pepper, cocoa-nuts, &c. It was ce-
ded to the British, in 1799. Lat. 12° to 15° N.
Canard, Isle au, in the St. Lawrence, at the
confluence of the river des Prairies.
Canaries, a group of islands in the Atlantic,
near the W. coast of Africa, They are 13 in
number, of which the largest are Teneriffe,
Grand Canary, Fuerteventura, Palma, Ferro,
Gomera, and Lancerota. This group was cele-
brated in antiquity, under the appellation of the
Fortunate islands. They lie between 27° 39' and
29° 26' N. lat, and between 13° 20' and 18° 10' W.
lon. The aspect of all these islands is elevated
and full of mountains, some of which, particu-
larly the Peak of Teneriffe, rank among the lofti-
est on the globe. The sides of the mountains
which incline towards the west and north, make a
profuse display of vegetation, and exhibit, rising
above each other, the plants of the torrid, the
temperate, and even the frigid zone. The most
verdant and fertile islands are Grand Canary and
Teneriflfe ; Lancerota and Fuertaventura are dry
and sandy.
The present inhabitants of the Canaries are en-
tirely European. They are of a roving and en-
tierprizing disposition, which impels them to emi-
CAN
CAN
149
grate ; and they have established themselves in
all the Spanish settlements in the New World,
from New Mexico to Chili ; and they have even
penetrated to the Philippine and Marian islands
in the East Indies. In all these regions agricul-
tural industry is mainly supported by the exer-
tions of the Canarians. Humboldt states the
present population of the Canaries to fall short of
160,000. The most valuable production of the
Canaries is wine, of which Teneriffe yields from
20,000 to 24,000 pipes, 8000 or 9000 of which are
exported. They produce wheat sufficient for
their own consumption ; also maize, potatoes, and
French beans. The other chief objects of trade
are brandy, archil, and soda.
Canary^ Grand, the largest and most fertile of
the group of the canaries. It is about 30 miles
long by 28 broad. The whole island consists in a
manner of one mountain, which rises to a great
height, and the summit of which is covered with
perpetual snow. The lofty central parts of the
island contain copious springs of pure water,
which flow down in rivulets through the valleys,
and preserve almost uninterrupted verdure and
fertility. There are two, sometimes even three,
harvests in the year, of wheat and maize. The
population is stated by St. Vincent at 41,082 ; by
Humboldt, after Ledru, at 50,000. Palmas is the
only large city. Lon. 15° 23' to 15° 51' W. Lat.
27° 45' to 28^' 13' 30" N.
Canaseraga, p-t. Madison co. N. Y.
Canaseraga creek, N. Y. unites with the Chit-
teningo, 4 m.fr. Oneida lake.
Canards, or Duck, river, Up. Canada, falls into
the Detroit, 1 m. below Grand Turkey island.
Canaveges, t. Portugal, on tlie Douro, 27 m. E.
Oporto.
Canaygong, t. Hind. 25 m. N. E. Poonah.
Cancale, s-p. on the N. coast of France, in a
commodious road, 8 m. S. E. St. Malo. Lon, 1°
46' W.
Concur, or Ponthiames, 3-p. Cambpdia. Lon.
104° 5' E. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Canche, r. France, falls into the English chan-
nel near Etaples. It is navigable to Montreuil.
Cajwhy, t. France, in Somme, 5 m. N. Abbe-
ville.
Canchy, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. W. Bay-
eux.
Cancon, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m.
W. Montflanquin.
Candahar. See Kandahar.
Candaloro, isl. A. Turkey, in the gulf of Sata-
lia. Lon, 31° E. Lat. 37° N.
Candc, t, France, in Maine-and-Loir, 10 m. S.
W. Segre.
Candeish, or Khandesh, province. Hind, bound-
ed N. by Malwa, E. by Bezar, S. by Aurungabad,
rind W. by Guzerat. It i3 in general fertile, but
indifferently cultivated.
Candel, v. Bavaria, 38 m. N. E. Strasburg.
Candelaru, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Man-
fredonia.
Candelara Bay, in the gulf of Darien. Lon.
77° 6' W. Lat. 8° N.
Candella, isl. off the coast of Livadia. Lon, 21°
E, Lat. 38° 59' N.
Candern, t. Baden, 11 m, N. E, Bale, 52 S.
Strasburg.
Candes, v. France, 28 m. S. W. Tours.
Candhar, v. Hind, in Coucan, on the Ban-
coote.
CandiOj one of the largest islands in the Medi-
terranean, lies S. of the Grecian archipelago,,
and is 180 miles long, and 20 or 30 broad. It is
for the most part covered with mountains, the
most remarkable of which is the lofty Psilorite,
the Ida of the ancients. It has a healthy climate,
and in general a fruitful soil ; but the insecurity
of property under the Turks, represses all at-
tempts at extensive cultivation. It yields, how-
ever, abundarice of fruit, oil, wine, raisins, sal-
fron, honey, and wax. Pop. estimated at above
280,000, of whom 130,000 are Greeks, and 150,000
Turks.
Candia, city, and cap. is on the N. coast of the
island of Candia. It is defended by walls trench*
es, and outworlcs, and contains from 12,000 to
15,000 inhabitants; of this number, from 2000 to
3000 are Greeks. Lon. 25° 4' E. Lat, 35° 16' N.
Candia, t. Piedmont, 12 m, W. Vercelli.
Candia, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H, 16 m. S, E.
Concord, Pop, 1,290,
Candidiano, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into
the gulf of Venice.
Candlemas Shoals, (Baxos de la Candelaria,) in
the Pacific, Lon. 160° 5' E. Lat. 6° 45' S.
Candor, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m, E. Spencer.
Candy, kingdom, in Ceylon. It occupies the
central parts of the island, leaving a narrow ring
around the whole coast. Damps and heavy fogs
prevail, which are particularly noxious to the
constitution of Europeans. The inhabitants are
native Cingalese. 'Their religion is the worship
of Boodh, A British army of 3000 men invaded
Candy, and took possession of the capital, in Feb-
ruary, 1815 ; and in 1816, the kingdom was annex-
ed to the British dominions.
Candy, t. Ceylon, cap. of the kingdom of Can-
dy, is situated in a plain, amidst mountains cov-
ered with wood, near the river Mahavilla-Gonga ,
The houses are in general poor and mean^ chiefly-
built of mud, and thatched with straw and leaves
103 m. fr. Colombo, 142 fr. Trincomalee. Lon.
80° 47' E. Lat. 7° 23' N.
Candy, Cape, on the N. coast of Celebes. Lon .
121° 23' E. Lat. 1° 12' N.
Canea, s-p. on the N. coast of Candia. It is
fortified. The population consists of 4000 Turks,.
3000 Greeks, 150 Jews, and a few Armenian mer-
chants. It is the residence of a pacha of two
tails. The principal trade consists in the exporta-
tion of olive oil ; also, small quantities of silk,
wax, honey, grain, and wine. 60 m. W. Candia.
Lon. 24° 12' E. Lat, 35° 30' N,
Caneadea, p-t, Alleghany co. N, Y, 10 m, S. W.
Angelica, 285 W, Albany. Pop, 515.
Canelli, t. Piedmont, 12 m. S. S, E. Asti,
Canelos, t, Portugal, 5 m. N. N. E, Lamego.
Canem, the most northerly province of Bornou.
in Africa.
Canes and Canches, province of Peru, bounded
E. by Carabaya, S. E. by Lampa, S. by Cailloma,
and W. by Chumbivilca, It is 30 leagues long
from N. to S. and 15 broad. Pop. 18,000.
Canesus Lake, in the S. W. part of Ontario co.
N. Y. discharges its waters into Genesee river.
Canet, t, France, 5 m, E, Perpignan.
Canet, t. on the E. coast of Spain, 27 m, N. E.
Barcelona. Lon. 2° 30' E.
Canet, Cape, on the E. coast of Spain. Lat.
39« 38' N.
Canete, province, on the coast of Peru.
Canelo, t. Italy, 28 m. W. by N. of Maotua.
Canjield, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 14 m. S. War-
ren, 30 N. Steubeaville. Pop. 494.
150
CAN
CAN
Congas de Onis, t. Spain, 32 m. E, Ovied».
CangianOf t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 27
m. N. Folicastro.
Cangozima, t. Japan, in the island of Ximo.
Lon- 132° 15' E. Lat.32° 10' N.
Cangrejos, isl. at the entrance of the Orinoco.
CanjCf r. Dutch Guiana, enters the Berbia near
its mouth. It is navigable for schooners 30 miles.
Cani7ia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 22 m. S.
Valona. Another, 4 m. S. E. Valona.
Canisbay, v. Scotland, 11m. W. Wick.
C'anischa, t. Hungry, 96 m. S. Vienna.
Canisteo, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on Canisteo
river, 25 m. S. W. Bath. Pop. 656.
Canisteo, r. runs into the Tioga, at Painted-
post. It is navigfible 40 miles to Arkport.
Canister, Great, Little, and West, islands in the
bay of Bengal. Lon. 97° 40' E. Lat. 12° 58' N.
Cankinellff, t. Hind, in Mysore, 45 m. E. N. E.
Seringapatam.
Cannaughquenesing, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop.1,284.
Canna, one of the Hebrides, 3i miles long, by
U broad, 12 m. W. Skye.
Canna, place, Naples, near the site of the an-
cient Cannce, famous for the defeat of the Ro-
mans by Hannibal, in the year B. C. 217. 5 m,
N. E. Canosa, 8 S. W. Barletta.
Cannanore, t. Hind. Malabar coast, a few miles
N. of Tellicherry.
Cannes, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean.
Bonaparte landed here on 1st March, 1815, on his
return from Elba. 5 m. 3. W. Antibes. Lon. 7°
1' 29" E.
Canninglon, v. Eng. in Somerset, 3 m. from
Bridge water.
Cannobine, v. Syria, on Mount Lebanon, where
the patriarch of the Maronitee usually resides.
Cannock, t. Eng. in Stafford, 6 m. N. W. Litch-
field.
Cannonball, r. flows into the Missouri from the
S. 1 500 miles above its mouth.
Cannonby, t. Eng. 7 m. N. Workington.
Cannouche, r. Geo. rises about 30 miles S. Lou-
isville, and joins the Ogechee, about 20 m. above
its mouth.
Ca7U), country, Africa, tributary to Bornou.
Canoe camp, p-v. Tioga co. Pa.
Canoga creek, N.Y. a tributary of Seneca river,
in Fayette, on which are many mills,
Canonsburg, p-t. Washington co. Pa. 7 m. N. E.
by E. Washington, 18 S. W. Pittsburg. Jefferson
college at this place was established in 1802. It
has a president, 2 professors, a library of about
1,000 volumes, a philosophical apparatus, and
about 90 students. The course of studies is com-
pleted in 3 years. The college edifice is spacious,
and 3 stories high.
Canosa, t. Naples, on the Ofanto, 31 m. W.
Bari.
Canosa, t. Italy, 8 m. S. S. W. Reggio.
Canovge, district, Hind, in Agra, on the W.
side of the Ganges, about 30 miles long, by 25
broad. Canouge, the capital, is in lon. 79° 52' E.
lat. 27° 5' N.
Canmd, t. Hind. cap. of a district in Hydera-
bad. Lon. 78^ 7' E. Lat. 15° 50' N.
Canourge, La, t. France, 10 m. S. W. Marve-
jols.
Canquenes, i. Chili, in lat. 35° 40' S.
Cttnso, or Canceau, isl. cape, and small fishing
bank, on the S. E. coast of Nova Scotia. N. lat.
45° ^'. UHa^ Gut of Canso, is the passage from the
Atlantic into tlie g;ulf of St. Lawrence, betweea
Cape Breton island and Nova Scotia.
Canstadt, t. Wirtemberg, 3 m. N. E. Stutgard.
Canta, province of Peru, bounded N. E. and
E. by Tarma, W. by Chancay, and S. by Huaro-
chiri. Canta, its capital, is in 1 1° 10' S.
Cantal, a chain of mountains in France, th^
highest peak in which (called the Ploinb de Carir
lal) is 5918 feet above the level of the sea.
Cantal, department of France, is inclosed by
the departments of the Puy de Dome, the Cor-
reze, the Lot, the Averyon, the Lozere, and the
Upper Loire. Extent 2,300 square miles. Pop.
252,000.
Cantalbary, t. Bengal. Lon. 88° 15' E. Lat.
26° 35' N.
Canteleux, t France, on the Seine, 3 m. W.
Ilouen.
Canterbury, city, Eng. in Kent, in a valley, on
the Stour. It has a spacious and magnificent ca-
thedral. The principal manufactures are silk and
cotton, particularly of what are called Canter-
bury muslins. It is also much noted for its brawn.
The archbishop of Canterbury is primate of all
England. He takes precedence of the whole
peers of Great Britain, except those of the blood
royal ; and at coronations he puts the crown on
the head of the sovereign. Pop. 10,200. 16 m.
N. W. Dover, 56 S. E. London.
Canterbury, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the
Merrimack 8 m. above Concord. Pop. 1,526.
Here is a village of Shakei-s, containing about 300
souls.
Canterbury, p-t. Windham co. Ct, on tiie "W.
side of the Quinebaug, 12 N. Norwich, 26 from
New-London, 30 from Providence. Pop. 1,812.
The Western part is calletl Westminster. The
town contains three houses of public worship, and
an academy, and numerous mills.
Canterbury, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Canterbury, p-t. Kent co. Del.
Cantillana, t. and county, Spain, on the Gua-
dalquivir, 32 m. N. N. E. Seville.
Canton, city, China, cap. of Quang-tong, on
Pe-king, or Canton river, which is navigable 300
miles farther into the interior. The river is cov-
ered by innumerable boats for four or five miles,
containing whole families that have no other res-
idence, and seldom visit the land. Thoy are ran-
ged in parallel rows, with a narrow interval be-
tween each line to admit the pasiiuge of other ves-
sels. Canton is surrounded by walls about five
miles in circuit, on which cannon are mounted.
The suburbs are very extensive : strangers may
frequent them, but they are not permitted to en-
ter the city without the permission of a mandarin.
The streets are long and paved, and for the mogl
part, kept exceedingly clean. In general, the
houses are of bi'ick, one story high. 'Phe factories
of the different European powers, extend along
the banks of the river. The streets of Canton are
continually crowded by its numerous population.
It is a place of very great trade, and the only port
of the whole Chinese dominions which is open to
Europeans. Vast quantities of merchandize arc
continually exported and imported by the Chinese
themselves, in the traffic with various eastern na-
tions, and a very extensive commercial inter-
course is now carried on by Europeans, especially
the British. The principal exports ol the latter
are tea, to the extent of from 25 to 30 millions of
pounds yearly, Hankeeu, silks, mother of pearK
CAP
tortoise shell, tutenague, China-ware, and many'
other articles : while the imports from Great Brit-
ain, and her eastern settlements, are woollen
cloths, cotton, opium, betel-nut, furs, and watch -
es. The management of the trade of Canton is
vested in a council called hong, consisting of from
12 to 14 members, generally men of great wealth.
All foreign cargoes pass through their hands, and
they also provide the cargoes to be exported. The
Chinese pretend that it is entirely from favour to
foreigners, that they permit any traffic with their
empire. Pop. varioitslv estimated from 1,500,000
to 2,000,000. Since 1807, the London Society
have had a missionaiy in Canton, who has been
employed in translating the Bible into Chinese,
and several editions of the New Testament have
been published and circulated, but the labours of
the missionary are much restricted by govern-
ment. Lon. 113*^ 14' E. Lat. 23° 7 N.
Canton, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 6 m. S. E. Ded-
ham, 14 S. W, Boston. Pop. 1,353.
Canton, or West Simsburi/, p-t. Hartford co. Ct.
15 m. W. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,374.
Canton, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 15 m. S. E.
Ogdensburg, 200 N. W. Albany. Pop. 699
Canton, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 417.
Carlton, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,345.
Canton, p-t. and cap. Starke co. Ohio, in the
forks of Nimishillen creek, 58 m. N. W. Steuben-
ville, 140 N. Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 1,360. It
contains a court-house, and jail, 2 houses of pub-
lic worship, a printing-office, and a bank.
Canton, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio, op-
posite Wheeling.
CantwtlVs bridge, or Apoquinimink, p-v. New-
castle CO. Del.
Cantyre. See Kintyre.
Canvey, isl. Eng. in the mouth of the river
Thames, about 5 miles long, and 2 wide, 36 m. E.
London.
Cany creek, Alabama, flows into the Tennessee
from the S. about 20 m. below the Muscle-shoals.
Cany fork, r. Tennessee, runs into the Cum-
berland from the S. 50 m. E. Nashville.
Came. See Canje.
Caorle, isl. in the Lagunes of Venice, off Fri-
uli.
Cap, isl. in the straits of Sunda. Lon. 105° 48'
E. Lat. 5° 58' S.
Cape of Good Hope, cape and settlement near
The S. extremity of Africa. The cape is in lon.
18° 23' E. lat. 34° 29' S. It was formerly called,
the Cape of Tempests. — The colony of tlie cape is
bounded W. and S. by the Atlantic and Southern
oceans ; E. by the Great Fish river, which sepa-
rates it from Caffraria ; N. by a vast chain of
mountains, called the Nieuweld and Roggeweld,
which separates it from the Boshuanas and other
independent tribes. It is 500 miles long from E.
to W. and about 200 broad, and contains about
120,000 square miles. The grand feature of the
country consists of three ranges of mountains, all
of which run from east to west, parallel with the
southern coast, and then turn north, and run par-
allel with the Western coast. The country be-
tween the lower range and the coast, is fertile,
and well watered ; between the lower and middle
ranges, are barren hills and naked plains, inter-
spersed with some fertile spots ; between the mid-
dle and upper ranges is a dry desert, inhabited by
no human creature. In 1810, the population was
fil,0OO, one third of whom were slaves. The free
inhabitants swr e divided into 4 classes, viz. the in-
GAP
lS-1
habitants of the capital, wine growers, corn-farm-
ers, and graziers. The wine growers and corn-
farmers live in the neighbourhood of the capital ;
the graziers are in the most distant parts of the
the colony, and are less advanced in civilization
tlian the other classes. This colony was originally
planted by the Dutch, but during the late Europe-
an war, it fell into the hands of the British, to
whom it was permanently confirmed in 1815, at
the congress of Vienna. Its principal importance
in a commercial view, is derived from its conven-
ience, as a place of refreshment to vessels, sailing
between Europe and the East Indies. The value
of British manufactures imported into the colony
in 1809, was 311,016 /. The principal exports are
wine and brandy.
Cape town, the cap. of the above colony, is agree-
ably situated at the head of Table bay, about 30
miles N. of the Cape of Good Hope. The town is
defended by a castle of considerable strength, but
it is commanded by higher grounds in the vicin-
ity. The harbour is safe during 8 months of the
year, but during the remaining four, when the N.
W. winds prevail, ships are obliged to resort to
False Bay on the other side of the cape. The
town is regularly laid out in streets intersecting
each other at right angles. There are 1,145 hou-
ses, inhabited by about 5,500 whites and people of
colour, and 10,000 blacks. The town is well sup-
plied with excellent water. Lon. 18° 23' E. Lat.
343 6' N.
Capelle, v. Netherlands, 6 m. N. Antwerp.
Capelle op dm Bosch, v. Netherlands, 6 m. S.
Antwerp.
Capelk Mariral, t. France, 8 m. N. N. W. Fi-
gcac.
Cape Breton, isl. in the gulf of St Lawrence,
109 miles long, separated from Nova Scotia by a
narrow strait, called the gut of Canso. The
Boil is fertile, and produces timber. Its shores
abound in vast quantities of fish. In 1743, while
tliis island belonged to the French, no less tlian
564 ships, and 27,000 seamen, were employed in
the fishery. At present this fishery has very much
declined; and the principal employment of the
inhabitants is the working of the coal mines. Poj).
about 3,000. In respect to government, the island
is attached to LoAvcr Canada.
Cape coast, a British settlement in W. Africa,
on the Gold coast, under the African company,
Lon. 1° 20' W. Tlie Society in England for prop-
agating tlie Gospel, have a missionary here.
Cape Cod, peninsula, on the S. side of Massa-
chusetts-bay. Its shape is tliat of a man's arm
bent inwards, botli at the wrist and the elbow.
It is about 65 miles long, and from 1 to 20 wide.
Lon. of the cape, 70° 14' W. Lat. 42° 4' N.
It constitutes Barnstable county, which see.
Cape Elizabeth, on the coast of Maine, in lat.
43°33'N. lon. 70°11'W.
Cape Elisabeth, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 6 m
S. W. Portland. Pop. 1,415.
Cape Fareivell. See Farewell.
Cape Fear, the S. point of Smith's island in tlie
mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. Lat. 33° 32' N.
Lon. 78° 25' W.
Cape Fear, or Clarendon river, N. C. Its N. W.
branch is formed by the union of the Haw and
Deep rivei's, and unites with the N. E. branch a
little above Wilmington. This river affords the
best navigation of any of the rivers in N. Carolina.
There is 18 feet water on tlie bar, at its mouth.
Large vessels can ascend 21 mile?, and vessel"--
152
CAP
CAR
drawing 10 or 12 feet, 14 miles farther to VVii-
mington, and boats to Fayetteville, 90 miles.
The N. E. branch is navigable for boats 70 miles.
Cape-Girardeau, co. Missouri, on the Mississip-
pi, bounded N. by St Genevieve and Washington
COS. W, by the county of St Louis. Jackson is the
seat of j ustice. The lands on the Mississippi and
the St Francis, are fertile. The Great Swamp
commences 5 m. S. of the town of Cape Girar-
deau, and extends 60 miles, being from 3 to 5
broad, to the low-lands of the St Francis,
Cape-Girardeau, p-t. Cape-Girardeau co. Mis-
souri, on the Mississippi, 93 m. below St Louis, 20
above the mouth of the Ohio.
Cape Hope, the N. W. point of Martha's Vine-
yard, Mass. on which is a light-house.
Cape May, co. N. J. bounded N. by Gloucester
CO. S. E. by the Atlantic, and S. W, by Delaware
bay. Pop. 3,632. A post office is kept at the
court-house.
Capernaum, in Sac. Geog. a principal city of
Galilee, on the W. shore of the sea of Tiberias,
near the influx of the Jordan, belonging to the
government of Herod Antipas.
Capestan, t. France, in Herault, 11 m. N. Nar-
bonne.
Cape Vincent, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y.
Caphon springs, in Frederick co. Va. 21 m. W.
S. W. Winchester.
Capibaribe, r, Brazil, falls into the sea near
Pernambuco. Lat. 8° 15' S.
Capira, r. in Caraccas, runs into the sea. , Lon,
€6° 56' W.
Capitona/a, province of the kingdom of Naples,
on the gulf of Venice, between Abruzzo Citra on
the N. W. and Bari on the S, E. The soil is
generally fruitful, and yields good pasture.
Capiianata, t. New-Grenada. 60 m. N. N. E.
Tunja.
Capo d'Isiria, capital of the Austrian province
of Istria, on a small island in the gulf of Trieste, 8
-in. S. Trieste. Pop. 5,000.
Capolita, r. Mexico, runs into the Pacific.
Lon. 96° 30. W.
Capoul, one of the Philippine islands, S. of Lu-
zon. Lat. 12° 30' N.
Cappadocia, in Sac. Geog. country of Asia Mi-
nor, bounded N. by the Euxine sea, S. by Arme-
nia, W. by Galatia and Pamphylia, and E, Silicia.
Cappel^ t. Hesse, 22 m. S. E. Cassel.
Cappeln, t. Denmark, 16 m. N. E. Sleswick.
Cappeln, Oster, Hanover, 12 m. E. Osnabruck.
Capraia, ial. of the Sardinian states, in the
Mediterranean, between the N. point of Corsica
and the coast of Italy. Lon. 9° 48' 12" E. Lat.
43°0'18". Pop. 2,000.
Capranu, v. Eu. Turkey, in Lividia, on the
Cephissus, nearly corresponding in situation to
the ancient Comronea. The ruins of that town
are still in existence.
Caprera, isl. in the Mediterranean, near S. W.
coast of the Morea. Lon. %\° 40' E. Lat. 36° 52'
N.
Capri, isl. in the Mediterranean at the entrance
of the gulf of Naples. It was anciently called Ca-
prea;. 26 m. S. Naples. See Ana Capri.
Capricorn, Cape, on the N. PL coast of New
Holland. Lon. 208° 58' W. Lat. 23° 24' S.
Caprino, t. Lombardy, 8 m. W. N. W. Ber-
gamo.
Capro, t, Dongola, on the Nile, 8 m, S. Mescho.
Caprone, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 2 m.
?J. W. Stanchio. J>on. 26° 52' E. Lat. 36« 59' N.
Caprycke, t. Flanders, 14 m. S. E. Sluys.
Cape St Michael, seigniory, Surry co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St Lawrence oppo-
site the island of Orleans.
Captain John's mills, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Captina creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio 23 m.
below Wheeling.
Captina creek, p-v. Belmont co. Ohio.
Capua, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, on the
Volturno. The ancient town so celebrated in his-
tory, is nearly 2 m. S. E. of the present town. No
place in Italy, except Rome, contains a greater
number of ancient inscriptions. Capua was forti-
fied by V^auban, has a strong citadel, and is ac-
counted the key of Naples on the N. 15 m. N.
Naples.
Capusa, isl. off Corsica. Lon. 9° 29° E. lat.
42° 57, N.
Caqueta, r. Quito, divides into two arms ; the
Japura, enters the Amazon between 4^ and 5° N.
lat. the other arm divides into two streams, one of
which enters the Orinoco.
Cara, isl. of the Hebrides. Lon, 5° 48' W. Lat.
55° 36' N.
Carabaya, or Carahaia, province of Peru,
bounded E. by Larecaja, W. by Quispicanchi, N.
and N. W. by the territories of the Indians, S. W.
by the province of Canes and Canches, and S.
by Lampa and Asangaro.
Cara-big-nar. See Kara-big-nar.
Caracares, lake, Paraguay, in S. lat. 30° 41'.
Caracatay. See Kara-kita.
Caraccas, Captain-generalship of, a name given
by the Spaniards to a country of S. America,
which in 1811 declared itself independent, and
assumed the title of the Republic of Venezuela.
It extends from the Caribbean sea on the N. to
the Portuguese dominions on the S. and from New-
Granada on the W. to the river Esequebo, which
separates it from English Guiana, on the E.
Depons in 1804, estimated the population of this
country at 728,000, which he divided among the
different provinces as follows :
Venezuela including Varinas, 500,000
Maracaibo, - - - 100,000
Cumana, ... - 80,000
Spanish Guiana, . . - 34,000
Margarita island, - - 14,000
This population is made up of wliites, negroes,
Indians, mulattoes and mestizoes.
The northern part of the country is mountain-
ous. A branch of the Andes, called the chain of
Venezuela, runs along the whole northern coast
and terminates opposite the island of Trinidad,
Below the mountains, there are immense plains
which stretch south beyond the Orinoco, and west
into New-Granada. In the rainy season the Ori-
noco overflows its banks, and these plains are in- .
undated to a vast extent. — In the low country the
climate is hot, but in the mountains very pleasant
and healthy. Earthquakes are common in some
parts. The soil is very fertile. The mountains
are covered with forests of most valuable tim-
ber ; the vallies between the mountains contain
the principal plantations, and produce cocoa,
indigo, cotton, sugar and tobacco, in abundance ;
the plains furnish immense pastures for number-
less herds of cattle. Tribes of independent war-
like Indians occupy the country about the mouths
of the Orinoco, the whole coast from the Ori-
noco to the Essequebo, the country west of Lake
Maracaibo, and the whole interior of Spanish
Guiana.
CAR
CAR
153
The political state of this country for several
years has been very fluctuating. Sometimes the
mother country has succeeded for a time in re-
establishing- her authority, but generally the rev-
olutionists have prevailed, and the prospect of
their final emancipation seems now to be brighter
than ever. Thename of FmfSHf/a has been re-
cently exchanged for that of the Republic of Co-
lombia. The seat of government is at St. Thom-
as, on the Orinoco. See Colombia.
Cofoccm, city, S. America, and capital of the
couatry described in the preceding article, is in a
valley, between two mountains, a few leagues
from the coast, elevated 2,900 feet above the level
of the sea. It contains a imiversity and several
churches, hospitals, and monasteries. The pop-
ulation, according to the returns in 1802, was
31,200. On the 26th of March, 1812, this city was
partly destroyed by an earthquake, and 12,000
persons were buried in the ruins. The port of
Caraccas, named Guayra, has bad anchorage, but
by the construction of a mole the road is good.
Lon. 66° 46' W. Lat. 10° 30' N.
Caracena, t. Spain, 18 m. S. S. W, Siguenca.
C'aracliaban, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 80 m. W.
Tabriz.
Caracal. See Caluma.
Caracoli, a port of America, in Venezuela.
Caraglio, t. Piedmont, 6 m. W. Coni. Pop.
7,200.
Carahissar. See Aphion.
Caramon, t. France, 15 m. E. S. E. Toulouse.
Caramon, i. Syria, on the lake of Antioch, 12 m.
N . of Antioch.
Caramania, province of A. Turkey, bounded N.
and W. by Natolia, and S. by the Mediterranean.
Pirates frequently shelter themselves behind the
promontories of the coast, whence they issue forth
to commit their depredations on defenceless ves-
sels. The province belongs to the Turkish em-
pire, but some parts of it submit with impatience
to its rule.
Caramanico, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 8 m.
N. Sulmona.
Caramanla, L 8. America, in Antioquia, 65
leagues N. E. Popayan. Lon. 75° 33' W, Lat.
6° 58' N.
Caron, r. Eng. runs into the Avon.
Carong As.ioiii, t. and district on the E. coast of
the island of Bally.
Carangas, province, Peru, bounded N. by the
province of Pacages, E. by Paria, S. by Lipes, and
W. by Arica,
Caranja, isl. 9 m. S. Bombay.
Carapello, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic, 9
m. S. Manfredonia.
Caropella, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m.
E. Aquila.
Carara, Cape, on the N. coast of Sicily. Lat.
58° 13' N.
Caravacas, t. Spain, 60 m. W. N. W. Murcia.
Carai'oggio, t. Lombardy, 10 m. N- Crema.
Car or elle. Cape, on the N. E. coast of Martinico.
Lon, 60° 56' W. Lat. 14° 55' N.
Caravino, t. Piedmont, 9 m. S. E. Ivrea.
Caraw, t. Syria, 42 m. E. N. E. Damascus.
Carawang, Cape, on the N. coast of Java. Lon.
107° 10' E. Lat. 5° 45' S.
Carawang, Point, the east point of Batavia bay.
Lon; 107° 10' E, Lat. 5° 57' S.
Caraza, isl. in the mouth of tlie Volga, 70 m. S.
Astrakhan.
Carbini. t. Corsica, 25 m. S. E, Ajaccio.
20
Carbonara, t. Naples, 2 m. S. S. E. Bari.
Carbo7Kiro, Cape, on the S. coast of Sardinia*
Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat. 39° 22' N.
Carbonblanc, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Bourdeaux.
Carbone, r. Spain, runs into the Guadalquivir,
a little above Seville.
Carboncro, t. Spain, 14 m. N. N. W. Segovia.
Carbonne, t. Fiance, 21 m. S, Toulouse.
Carcabuy, t. Spain, in Cordova, 8 m. E. N. E.
Lucena.
Carcal, t. Hind, in Dowlalabad, 12 m. E. Calli-
any. Another, in Golconda, 18 m. S. W. Com-
bamet.
Carcan, r. Asia, separates Queda from Malac-
ca, and runs into the straits of Malacca. Lat. 5°
14' N.
Carcara, t. Piedmont, 12 m. E. Ceva.
Carcansonns, city, France, and cap. of Aude,
on the Attde, which divides it into Upper and
Lower. Tlie principal m,anufac,ture is cloth for
the Levant market ; 48 m. S. E. Toulouse. Loo.'
2'3 25' E. Lat. 43° 12' 45 " N. Pop. 15,200.
Carchemish, in Sac. Geog. city on the Euphra-
tes, most probably the same with Circesium, on
the E. side of the river, at the influx of the Chabo-
ras.
Car-Craig, isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth.
Carcuila, t. Hind, in South Canara. Lon. 75° 4'
E. Lat. 13° 12' N.
CardaiUac, t. France, 5 m. N. Figeac.
Carden, t. Grand duchy of thp Lower Rhine, 27
m. N. E. Treves.
Cardiff, t. Wales, in Glamorganshire, on the
Taif, 3 m. from the Severn. A navigable canal
connects it with the Merthyr Tydvil works,
whence a great quantity of cast and wrought iron
is brought. Not less than 30,000 boxes of tin
plates, manufactured at an extensive work, with-
in 4 miles of Cardiff, arc shipped for Bristol. 160
m. W. London. Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat. 51° 28' N,
Pop. 2,457.
Cardigan, a maritime co. of Wales, bounded N.
by Merioneth and Montgomery, E. by Radnor and
Brecknock, S. by Caermarthenshire, and W. by
the Irish sea. It contains 726 square miles. Pop.
50,260. Famihes 1 1,296, of which 5,864 are en-
gaged in agriculture, and 1,913 in manufactures.
Cardigan, t. Wales, cap. of Cardigan co. on the
Tivey, 2 m. from its mouth. It owns 10,097 tons
of shipping, which are navigated by 929 seamen ;
97 m. W. N. W. Monmouth. Lon. 4° 42' W. Lat.
51° 59' N. Cardigan Bay, is W. N. W. of the
town.
Cardington, v. Eng. 2 m. fr. Bedford.
Cardona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Cardone-
ro, defended by ramparts and a castle. It lies at
the foot of an immense rock of salt, which on the
side of the river is perpendicular, forming a mass
of solid salt, between 400 and 500 feet in height,
aad nearly 3 miles in circumference. The salt is
of various colours, but generally white ; and va-
ses, urns, candlesticks, and other utensils, and
toys, are made out of it. The river is salt, and
proA'es fatal to fish fdran extent of 8 miles ; 36 m.
N. W. Barcelona. Lon. 1° 31' E. Lat. 41° 55'
N. Pop. 2,800.
Cardonero, r. Spain, runs into the Llobregat, at
Manxes.
Cardross, v. Scotland, on the Leven, 3 m. N.
W. Dumbarton.
Carelia, an extensive tract of country in Fin-
land, now for the most pa-rt included in the gov-
ernment of Wiborg.
154
CAR
Carendar, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 40 m. S.
Nesa.
Carennac t. France, 7 m. N. W. St. C^^re.
Carentan, t. France, near the conflux of the
Douvre and Carentan. Lat. 49° 18' 17" N.
Carentoir, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 5,300.
34 m. N. E. Vannes.
Carew, v. Wales, 5 m. fr. Pembroke, in Pem-
broke.
Carfagnana, district, Italy, in the duchy of Luc-
ca. Pop. 23,000.
Carguairaso, a lofty mountain and volcano in
Quito.
Carhaix, t. France, 19 m. S. Morlaix.
Carham, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 28 m. N.
W. Alnwick.
Cariaco, city, S. America, in Cumana, on Cari-
aco river. Lon. 63° 39' W. Lat. 10<^30'N. Pop.
6,500.
Cariaco, gulf, on the coast of S. America, in
Cumana, into which the river Cariaco empties.
Cariaco, isl. in the W. Indies, dependent on
Grenada.
Carian, the S. W.part of Arracan, between 16°
and 17° N. lat.
Cariathin, t. Arabia, 240 m. E. N. E. Mecca.
Cariati JVuovo, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 25
m. N. St. Severino.
Caribou, isl. in Lake Superior. Lon. 85° 30'
IV. Lat. 47° N.
Caribou, r. Canada, runs into the Saguena. Lat.
48° 29' N.
Carical, t Hind, in the Camatic.
Caridien, isl. off the W. coast of Ceylon. Lon,
79°55'E. Lat. 8° 30' N.
Carignano, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 8 m S. Tu-
rin.
Carigue, isl. in the river Shannon, 33 m. W.
Limerick.
Carimon, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lat,
1° N.
Carinaeou, one of the Grenadilla islands, in the
W, Indies, with an excellent hai-bour, 16 m. N. E.
Grenada.
Carinena, t. Spain, in Arragon, 20 m. N. Ca-
iataiud.
Caringapatam, t. Hind. 10 m. S. E. Tinne-
relly.
Carini, t. Sicily, 17 m. S. W. Palermo. Pop.
4,000.
Carinith, Point, on the S. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 58' W. Lat. 51° 37' N.
Carinola, (an. Forum Claudii,) t. Italy, 28 m,
N. W. Naples.
Carinthia, in the old divisions of the Austrian
dominions, was a province with the title of duchy,
lying between 46° 30' and 47° 6' N. lat. and be-
tween 12° 35' and 15° E. Ion. In the modern di-
vision of the empire, this country forms the cir-
cles of Clagenfurt and Villach, in the kingdom of
Illyria. It is a mountainous country, and its chief
wealth lies in its mines. The lead mines are par-
ticularly celebrated. See Illyria.
Carisbrook, v. Isle of Wight, remarkable for its
«hurch and castle, which are of great antiquity ;
1 m. from Newport.
Caristo, or Castel Rosso, in Greece, at the S. E,
extremity of the island of Negropont. Lon. 24°
35' E. Lat. 38° 4' N.
Carlanstoum, v. Ireland, in Meath, 33 m, from
Dublin.
, Carkby, Mw, t. Finland, 70 m. S. W, Ca-
CAR
Carlehy, Old, a-p. Finland. It has a good harv
hour. 60 m. S. W. Cajana. Lon. 23° 1' E. Lat,
63° 50" N.
Carlentini, f. Sicily, 2 m. £. Lentini.
Carlesmarckt, t. Silesia, 9 m. E. Brieg.
Carleton, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m, from Ho-
kesley.
Carlingford, s-p. Ireland, in Louth. Carling-
ford bay is a fine haven, with 20 fathom water,
but is dangerous from rocks. 51 m. N. Dublin,
24 S. S. E. Armagh. Lon. 6° 8' W. Lat. 54«\1' N.
Carlisle, city, Eng. in Cumberland, very pleas-
antly situated near the confluence of the Edea
and Calden. It was formerly a military post ctf
the first importance, and d great strength. The
cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a ven-
erable structure, partly of Saxon, and partly of
Gothic architecture. Considerable trade and
manufactures are carried on here. Pop. 12,531,
96 m. from Edinburgh, 104 from Glasgow, 20O
from Dublin, and 301 N. London. Lon. 3-= 5' W,
Lat. 54° 50' N.
Carlisle, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 20 m. N. W,
Boston. Pop. 672.
Carlisle, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 8 m. N. W.
Schoharie, 40 W.Albany. Pop. 1,231,
Carlisle, bor. and p-t. Cumberland co. Pa. 16 m.
W. Harrisburg, 113W. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,491.
Lon. 77° 10' W. Lat 40° 12' N. The situation is
pleasant and salubrious. It contains houses of
public worship for Episcopalians, Roman Catho-
lics, Methodists, Lutherans, and several denomi-
nations of Presbyterians. Dickinson college was
founded in this town in 1783, and was, for a num-
ber of years, a flourishing institution, having a
president, 3 professors, a complete philosophical
apparatus, and a library of about 3,000 volumes,,
Its operations are now suspended,
Carlisle, p-v. Bourbon co. Ken.
Carlisle, p-v. Nicholas co. Ken.
Carlo, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, off the coast of
East Bothnia, subject to Russia. Lon, 24° 40' E.
Lat. 65° 2' N.
Carlopago, s-p. Austrian empire, on the Adriat-
ic. Pop. 12,000. 40 m. S. Bukari. Lon. 15° 13'
E. Lat. 44° 55' N.
Carlow, or Calherlogh, county of Ireland, boun-
ded N. and N. W. by Kildare and Queen's co. E,
by Wicklow and Wexford, and S. W, by Kilken-
ny. It is about 26 miles long and 23 broad, and
contains 21 4 square miles. Pop. about 78,000.
Carlow, the assize town of Carlow co. Ireland, on
the east side of the Barrow, 39 m. S. Dublin, 17
N. Kilkenny. Pop. 6,575, Lon, 6° 53' W. Lat.
520 49'N.
Carlowilz, t. Austrian empire, on the Danube,
32 m. N. W. Belgrade. Lon. 20° 3' E. Lat. 47*
25' N. Pop. 5,600.
Carlsbad, t. Bohemia, famous for its hot mineral
waters, 6 m. N. E. Elnb(^en, 56 W. Prague. Lon-
12°52'E. Lat. 50° 12' N.
Carlshurg, or Carls tadt, fortified t. Hanover,
30 m. N. by W. of Bremen. Lchi. 8° 40' E. Lat,
53° 32' N.
Carlscrona, or Carheroon, s-p. Sweden, on the
Baltic. It is the principal depot of the Swedish
navy. The entrance to the harbor, which is ca-
pable of holding about 100 vessels, is commanded
by two forts. Here are celebrated dock-yards.
The exports consist of timber, tar, potash, tallow,
and marble. In the town is an anchor foundery.
Pop. 13,800. 220 m. S. S. W. Stockholm. Lon,
15°33'E. Lat. 56° 6' 57" N.
CAR
Carhftld, a mining t. in Saxony, 16 m. S.
Carhhainm, a royal staple town, Sweden, on
the Baltic ; with a g-ood harbor, a fortress, and a
4ock-yard. 12 m. W. Carlscrona. Lon. 14° 39'
E. Lat. 56° 12' N.
Carlshof, isl. in the Pacific Lon. 140° 30' W.
Lat. 15° 45' N.
C'arlsruJie, a handsome town in the grand duchy
of Baden, the residence ol' the grand duke and his
eourt. Under the late and present grand duke, it
lias received great augmentations and embellish-
ments. Pop. in 1809, 10,300, of whom 7,750 were
Lutherans, 1,800 Calvinists, and 650 Jews. 2 m.
N. W. Durlach. Lon. 20° 45' E. Lat. 48° 59'
51" N.
Carhtadtf t. Austrian empire, 42 m. S. S. E.
Laybach, 170 S. by W. Vienna. Lon. 15*^ 50' E.
Lat. 45° 34' N.
Carlstadt, t. Sweden, on the island of Tingwalla,
at the influx of the Clara-Elf, or Star-Elf, into
lake Wener, 160 m. W. Stockholm. Lon. 13° 9'
E. Lat. 59° 20' N.
Carktadf, t. Baria, on tlie Maine, 12 m. N. W.
Wurtzburg. Pep. 2,200.
Carlton, v. Eng. in Bedford, 5 jn. fr. Olney.
Carmagnola, t. Piedmont, on the Po ; one of the
strongest places on the Piedmontese frontier. Here
is carried on a great trade in cloth, hemp, and
particularly in silk. Pop. 12,000. 12 m. S. S. E.
Turin. Lon. 7° 43' E. Lat. 44° 50 N.
Carmaing, t France, 17 m. E. Toulouse.
Carmarthen. See Caermarthen.
Carmel, in Sac. Geog. city, on a mountain, 10
m. S. E. Hebron, now called El Kirmel.
Carmel, Mount., Palestine, a fruitful mountain,
on the Mediterranean, on the N. side of the bay
of Acre.
Carmel, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 15 m. -W,
Bangor.
Carmel^ p-t. Putnam co. N. Y. 26 m. S. E.
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,020.
Carmen, isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat.
59° 30' N.
Carmi, p-t. and cap. White co. Illinois, on the
Little Wabash, 20 m. above its mouth, 40 N.
Shawneetown.
Carmona, (an. Carmo,) t. Spain, 20 m. N. E.
Seville.
Carmona, t. Spain, 15 m. fr. Toledo.
Carmutla, t. Hind, 70 m. N. Bejapour. Lon.
75° 32* E. Lat. 18° 23' N.
Camabat, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 50 m. W.
Burgas.
Carnac, v. Egypt, occupying a part of the
site of ancient T/iebes.
Camanmrl, r. Ireland, falls into Galway bay.
Carnai-von. See Caernarvon.
Carnatic, a province extending along the E.
coast of Hindostan, about 560 miles long, by from
50 to 100 broad, comprehending what lately form-
ed the dominions of the nabob of Arcot. The
climate is liable to excessive heats, especially
during summer. On account of the extreme
scarcity of water, large tanks or artificial ponds
have been constructed in many places. The
country is also liable to frequent famines. Most
of the inhabitants are Hindoos : Mahometans and
Christians forming but a small proportion of the
population. The principal towns are, Arcot,
Cuddalore, Madras, Madura, Ongolo, Pondicher-
ry, Tanjwe^ Tinnevclly, Trichinopoly, and Vel-
CAR
15$
lore. In 1801, the whole territory, with the ex-
ception of a small portion reserved by the nabob,
was ceded to the British, who divided it into eight
districts.
Camaul, a celebrated t. Hind, in lat, 29° 42'
N lon. 76^47' E.
Camess, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2° 48' W. Lat
58° 53' N.
Carnesville, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Geo. 110
m. fr. Augusta.
Carnew, v. Ireland, in Wexford, 44 m. froitt
Dublin.
Carney, t. Syria, 5 m. S. Bairout.
Car Kkobar, the most northern of the Nicobaf
islands, and the largest of the whole, being about
75 miles in circuit. Lon. 93° 12' E. Lat. 9°
10' N.
Carnieres, t. France, 25 m. E. Charleroy.
Carniola, formerly a province of the Austrian
empire, with the title of duchy, bounded N. by
Carinthia, N. E. by Styria, E. and S. E. by Croa-
tia, S. by Dalmatia and the Adriatic, and W. by
Istria, Friuli, and the county of Goritz, contain-
ing 4,700 square miles, with a population in 1807,
of 409,504. It formerly formed with Styria, Car-
dinthia, Friuli, and the territory of Trieste, the
division of the empire called Inner Austria, but
since 1816, it has composed the circles of Lay-
bach, Neustadt, and Adelsberg, in a new division
of the empire called the kingdom of lUyria. See
Illyria.
This province contains a number of iron mines.
Quicksilver is found near Ostraga ; and the fa-
mous mines of that metal at Idria may likewise be
considered as belonging to this province. Cinna-
bar is obtained in the county of Gomor, to the
amount of 6000 or 7000 cwt. per annum. The
inhabitants are, for the most part, of Sclavoniaji
extraction, and are called by the Germans Wen--
den, or Vandals. The number of pure German*
does not exceed 30,000.
Camoul, t. and district, Hind. Lon. 77° 58' E.
Lat. 15° 50 N.
Carnoults, t. France, 14 m. N. N. E. Toulon.
Camsore, the S. E. point of Ireland. Lon. 6°
20' W. Lat. 52° 11' N.
Camtagher, mountains, Ireland, 14 m. S. Lon-
donderry.
Carnuath, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 25 m. S. W.
Edinburgh.
Carolath, principality, in Lower Silesia, in-
closed by the circles of Glogau, Freystadt, and
Grunberg. Extent about 1 00 square miles.
Carolina, La, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m. N.
E. Anduxar. Lon. 3° 36' 13" W. Lat. 38° 17' 5"
N. Pop. about 3,000.
Carolina, (Nortfc,) one of the U. S. bounded N.
by Virginia; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by S. Caro-
lina, and W. by Tennessee. It extends from lat.
33° 50' to 36° 30' N. and from lon. 75° 45' to 84°
W. and contains 48,000 square miles. Pop. in
1790, 393,751 ; in 1800, 478,103; and in 1810,
555,500, of whom 376,410 were whites, 168,824
slaves, and 10,266 free blacks.
Along the whole coast of N. Carolina is a ridge
of sand, separated from the main land, in some
places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays.
The passages or inlets through it are shallow and
dangerous, and Ocracoke inlet is the only one,
north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass.
In the counties on the sea ooast, the land is low,
and covered with extensive swamps and marshes,
and for 60 or 80 Ruleg fron the sliore is a d«aa
156
CAR
CAR
level. Beyond this, the country swells into hills,
and in the most western part rises into moun-
tains. In the low country, the soil is genei'ally
sandy, and covered with immense forests of pitch
pine; in the swamps, rice of a fine quality is
raised; and in the upper country, wheat, rye,
barley, oats, hemp, and Indian com. — The prin-
cipal rivers, beginning in the east, are the Chow-
an, Roanoke, Pamlico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Yad-
kin, Catabaw, and Broad. The banks of these
rivers are rich and fertile, but not a single point
has been found on the coast, within the limits of
tlie state, at which a safe and commodious port
could be estabhshed. Hitherto, the productions
of the northern parts of the state, lying on the
Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper
parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the
markets of Virginia ; and the trade of Broad riv-
er, the Catabaw, and the Yadkin, has gone to S.
Carolina. — Since the year 1815, the state has been
zealously engaged in the business of internal im-
provements. It is intended to improve the navi-
gation of the inlets and sounds, so as to open a
direct and easy communication with the ocean ;
to remove the obstructions in the navigation of the
principal rivers ; to connect the rivers by naviga-
ble canals ; to improve the roads ; and to drain
the marshes and swamps of the eastern and south-
ern counties. In prosecution of these plans, skilful
engineers have been employed, for several years,
in making the necessary surveys, and several pri-
vate companies have been formed, under the pat-
ronage of the state. In 1820, the legislature ap-
propriated, for the purpose of internal improve-
ments, the proceeds of the sale of all the Cherokee
lands, which have lately come into the possession
of the state.
Within a few years, there has been much zeal
displayed in the establishment of academies and
schools. Previous to 1804, there were but 2
academies in the state. The number, at present,
is 50, and is rapidly increasing ; and there is a
flourishing university at Chapel Hill, called tho
University of North Carolina. The most nume-
rous denominations of Christians, are the Metho-
dists and Baptists, especially in the low country.
The western part of the state was settled by
Presbyterians from Pennsylvania. — The govern-
ment consists of a senate, and house of commons,
chosen annually, and a governor chosen by joint
ballot of both houses. — The principal exports are
pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, Indian corn, and
tobacco. — Raleigh is the seat of government.
Carolina, (South,) one of the U. S. bounded N,
and N. E. by North Carolina; S. E. by the At-
lantic ; and S. W. by Georgia, from which it is
separated by Savannah river. It extends from
lat. 32° to 35° 8' N. and from Ion. 78° 24' to 83°
30' W. containing 24,000 square miles. Pop. in
1790, 239,073; in 1800, 345,591; and in 1810,
415,110, of whom 214,201 were whites, 196,365
slaves, and 4,554 free blacks.
The sea coast is bordered with a fine chain of
islands, between which and the shore there is a
very convenient navigation. The main land is
naturally divided into the Lower and Upper
country. The low country extends 80 or 100
miles from the coast, and is covered with exten-
sive forests of pitch pine, called pine barrens, in-
terspersed with swamps and marshes of a rich
soil. After leaving the low country, in proceeding
into the interior, you first pass through a region of
little sand hills, resembling the waves of the ocean
in a high sea. This curious country, sometimes
called the middle country, continues for 50 or 60
miles, till you arrive at the Ridge, which is a re-
markable tract of high ground as you approach
it from the sea, but level as you advance from the
N. W. Beyond this ridge, commences a fine
healthy country of hills and dales, terminating in
the western extremity of the state, in lofty moun-
tains.— The banks of the large rivers and the
creeks, in the low country, are bordered with a
belt of excellent land, producing cotton and
maize in abundance ; the marshes and swamps, in
this district, make fine rice plantations ; and some
of the low grounds between the sand hills in the
middle district, are suitable for agriculture and
pasturage : but with these exceptions, the whole
country below the Ridge has a sandy barren soil,
not worth cultivation. The soil of the upper
country is generally strong and productive. —
Cotton and rice are the staple productions of the
state. The climate and soil are well adapted to
tobacco, grain, and indigo, and these were for-
merly cultivated to a great extent ; but since the
invention of the machine to cleanse upland cot-
ton from its seeds, the cultivation of cotton has
become so profitable, that almost every thing else
is neglected.
The climate of the upper country is healthy,
at all seasons of the year. In the low country,
the summer months are sickly, particularly Au-
gust and September, and at this season, the cli-
mate frequently proves fatal to strangers. — The
principal rivers beginning in the N. E. are the
Pedee, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Comba-
hee, and Savannah. — 'There is a canal, 22 miles
long, connecting Santee and Cooper rivers, by
which the produce of a large section of this state,
and of the western part of N. Carolina, is brought
to the city of Charleston.
South Carolina college, at Columbia, has been
liberally patronized by the state. Colleges have
also been incorporated in Abbeville district, in
Beaufort and in Winnsborough, but they have not
taken a higher rank than academies. Free schools
are established throughout the State, and the sum
of $30,000 annually, has been appropriated by
the legislature, for their support. — The most nu-
merous religious denominations, are Metliodists
and Baptists. Next to them are the Presbyteri-
ans and Episcopahans. — The legislature consists
of a senate and house of representatives. The
senate is chosen every 4 years, and the represen-
tatives every two years, by districts. The gov-
ernor is chosen every 2 years by a joint ballot of
both houses.
In 1817, South Carolina was the third State in
the Union, in the value of her exports. Theamount
was $10,372,613, and consisted almost wholly of
domestic produce. The staple of the State is cot-
ton. The other articles are rice, lumber, pitch,
tar, turpentine, &c. A large part of this produce
is exported in ships, belonging to the merchants
of the northern States. Charleston is the largest
town in tlie State, and the centre of its conmierce,
but Columbia is the seat of government.
Caroline, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 12 m. N. E. Spen-
cer. >
Caroline, co. Md. on the eastern shore, bounded
N. W. by Queen Anne co. E. by Delaware, S. by
Dorchester co. and W. by Talbot. Pop. 9,453.
Slaves, 1,520. Chief town, Denton.
CAR
CAR
157
Caroline, co. Va. on the S. side of the Rappa-
hancock. Pop. 17,544. Slaves, 10,764. Chief
town, Bowlingfgreen.
Caroline Islands or JVeic Philippines, in the Pa-
cific. l.on. 136° to 156° E. Lat. 6° to 10° N.
Caromata, isl. off the W. coast of Borneo.
Caromb, t. France, 18 m. N. E. Avignon.
Carondolet, or Vide poche, v. St. Louis co. Mis-
souri, on the Mississippi, opposite Cahokia, 6 m.
below St. Louis,
Caroni, large r. S. America, falls into the Ori-
noco, on the S. side, 72 leagues from its mouth, af-
ter a course of more than 400 iniles.
Caroon Beled, or Bcllet, an extensive mass of
ruins, situated upon the lake of the same name,
and which appear to be the remains of the cele-
brated building, called the Labyrinth of Egypt.
Caroon, Birket el, (an, Moeris) a considerable
lake in Faioum, in Egypt, about 50 miles long and
10 broad.
Caroor, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, on the Amar-
wati ; 42 m. W. Trichinopoly.
Carora, city, Venezuela. The inhabitants are
chiefly engaged in rearing oxen, mules, horses,
sheep, goats, Sic; 45 m. E. lake Maracaibo, '270
W. Caraccas. Lat. 9° 50' N.
Carouge, t. France, 12 m. N. W, Alencon.
Carouge, Point, the N. extremity of St. Domin-
go.
CarovigriA), t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto ; 3 m.
E. Ostuni.
Carp River, runs into the S. side of Lake Supe-
rior, 30 m. W. of the La Train.
Carpanedo, t. Italy, 10 m. N. Bassano.
Carpus, t. Cyprus, 22 m. N. N. E. Famagusta.
Carpathian Mountains, an extensive chain of
mountains, which reaches from the borders of
Saxony to the Black sea, separating Moravia from
Silesia; Transylvania and Hungary from the Bu-
kowine and Galicia ; and Walachia from Molda-
via. Most of its summits are covered with per-
petual snow.
Carpenedolo, t. Lombardy, on the Seriolo-Chi-
ese, 15 m. S. S. E. Brescia.
Carpentaria, Gulf of, on the N. coast of New-
Holland. It stretches in breadth 5° 30' of longi-
tude, from Endeavour Strait to Cape Wilber-
force, and 7° of latitude in depth. Lon, 130° 50'
E. Lat: 10° 20' S.
Carpenter'' s Point, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Carpentras, t. France, on the Anson, in Vau-
cluse ; 12 m. N. E. Avignon, 38 N. W. Aix. Lon.
5° 3^ E. Lat. 44° 3' N. Pop. 8 or 9,000.
Carpi, t. Italy, in Modena ; 24 m. S. Mantua,
Carpi, t. Venetian Territory, on the Adige ; 5
m, S. Legnano.
Carpio, t. Spain, 22 m. E. Cordova,
Carpusaliy v. NatoUa, 36 m. N. Melasso.
Carra, r. Ireland, runs into Dingle bay.
Carraca, La, s-p. Spain, 6 m. E. Cadiz.
Carrantasca Lagoon, a large gulf on the S. side
of the bay of Honduras. Lon, 83° W. Lat. 15°
32' N. Carrantasca Shoals, extend from it 40
miles. Lon. 83° W. Lat. \G^ N.
Carrara, t. Italy, in the duchy of Massa, long cel-
ebrated for its quarries of beautiful marble, which
18 of different colours, and adapted for different
uses, some kinds being employed in building, and
others in statuary ; 5 m. N. W, Massa, 22 N. W.
Lucca. Lon. 10° 4' E. Lat. 44° 3' N.
Carribean Sea, a part of the Atlantic, bounded
N, by Jamaica, St. Domingo. Porto- Rico, and the
Virgin islands, S. and W. by the continent, E. by
the Carribean islands.
Carribee, or Caribee Islands, a part of the West
India islands ; extending in the form of a crescent
from the island of Porto- Rico to the coast of South
America. They lie between 58° and 65° W.
lon. and between 9° and 19° N. lat. The chief
areSantaCruz, St. Martin, St. Christopher, Ne-
vis, Antigua, Montserat, Guadaloupe, Dominica,
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbadoes,
Grenada, Tobago, and Trinidad.
Carrick on Shannon, t. cap. of Leitrim co, Ire^
land, 36 m. S. Ballyshannon.
Carrick on Stiir, t. Ireland, in Tipperary. Pop.
about 11,000 ; 12 m. N. W. Waterford, 70 N. W.
Dublin. Lon.7°8'VV. Lat. 52^23' N.
Carrickfergus, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim, on Bel-
fast lough, or Carrickfergus bay. It was once the
principal seaport in the north of Ireland, but its
trade has been transferred to Belfast. Pop. 3,400.
8 m. fr. Belfast, 86 fr. Dublin. Lon. 6° 2' W. Lat.
54° 43' N,
Carrickmacross, v, Ireland, 19 m. S, S, E, Mo-
naghan.
Carrion, r. Spain, falls into the Pisuerga.
Carrion de Los Condes, t. Spain, in Leon ; 40 m.
W. Burgos,
Carrock, mt. Eng. 12 m. fr. Cheswick.
Carrog, r. Wales, falls into the sea 4 m. S. S,
W. Caernarvon.
Carron, v. Scotland, in Stirling, on Carron riv-
er, wliich falls into tlie Forth. Iron works, now
among the most extensive in Great Britain, were
erected here in 1760. There are about twenty
furnaces, and the whole works employ more than
2000 persons. All kinds of iron goods ai-e manu-
factured at Carron : heavy ordnance, cylitiders,
steam-engines, pumps, boilers, flies, wheels, and
pinions, together with other ponderous apparatus
used in war, or the arts ; 2 m. N. W. Falkirk, 26
N. W, Edinburgh.
Carrouge, t. Savoy, 3 m. fr. Geneva.
CarrRock, on the N. shore of the frith of Forth,
near its mouth,
Carru, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 4 m. S,
Bene,
Carrying, or Portage river, Ohio, runs into the
S, W, end of Lake Erie, 15 m. from Sandusky.
Cart, r. Scotland, falls into the Clyde, 3 m. N.
Paisley.
Cartago, city, capital of Costa-Rica, in Guati-
mala, about 10 leagues from the Atlantic, and
about 17 from the Pacific. Lon. 83° 30' W. Lat.
9°42'S.
Cartago, city of Popayan, near the river Cauca.
75 m. N. E. Popayan, Lat, 4° 46' N. Pop. 5 or
6,000.
Cartama, v. Spain, in Grenada, 8 m. N. W. MaK
aga.
Cartama, r, S. America, in Antioquia, runs into
the Cauca.
Carter, co. Tennessee, bounded N. by Sullivan
CO. E. by N. Carolina, S. W. by Washington co.
Pop. 4, 190. Slaves 262. Chief town, Elizabeth-
town.
Carter'' s Bay, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 52° 68' N.
Carteret, maritime co. N. C. on Core and Pam-
lico Sounds. Pop, 4,823, Slaves 1,172, Chief
town, Beaufort,
Carteret'' s Harbour, on the S, W, coast of New
Ireland Lon. 152° 19' E. Lat, 5° S.
m
CAS
Carteret's Island, in the S. Pacific. Loa. 154*
14' E. Lat. 8° 26' S.
Carters store, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Cartersville, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. 48 ni. from
Richmond.
Carthage. The ruins of this great city, the aii-
cient emporium of northern Africa, are still to be
seen on a promontory, 12 m. E. N. E. Tunis.
Carthage, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y.
Carthage, v. in Brighton, Ontario co. N. Y. at
the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 m. from Lake
Ontario, and about 30 N. W. Canandaigua. Car-
thage bridge, erected across the Genesee, lately
fell. It consisted of a single arch, of 352 feet
chord, resting on abutments of solid rock, which
rise with a front nearly perpendicular, to the
height of 150 feet.
Cartilage, p-v. Moore co. N. C.
Carthage, p-t. and cap. Smith co. Ten. on the
N. side of Cumberland river, opposite the mouth
of Caney fork, 50 m. E. N. Nashville.
Carthage, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 6 m. N. Cin-
cinnati.
Carthagena, or Cartagena, s-p. Spain, on the
coast of Murcia. It was founded by the Cartha-
ginian general, Asdrubal. It is protected by a
fort, and possesses the best harbour in the Medit-
erranean. It consists of a natural basin of great
depth, reaching close to the town, and secured
from every wind, by the surrounding hills, and by
an island near the entrance. The town lies on a
peninsula in this basin, has good spring water, and
a large and well stored arsenal. A manufactory
of sail-cloth is carried oh by the inhabitants. Pop.
25,000. Lon. 1° 0' 21" W. Lat. 37° 35' 50" N.
Carthagena, a province of S. America, in New
Grenada, bounded N. by the Ca'-ibbean sea, S. by
Antioquia, E. by Santa Martha, from which it is
divided by the great river Magdalena, W. by Da-
rien. It contains about 60,000 whites, 13,000 In-
dians, and 7,000 negro slaves.
CartTiagena, city, 8. America, in New Grenada,
on a sandy island, on the shore of a large and very
commodious bay. The city and suburbs are well
laid oat. The houses are built chiefly of stone.
There are various churches and convents, some
of which are magnificent. The bay in which the
city is situated, is one of the best on the coast. It
has a sufficient depth of water, and good anchor-
tige, and is so smooth, that the ships are no more
agitated in jt than in a river. Ix)n. 77° 50' W.
Lat. 10° 30' N. Pop. 24,000.
Carthagena, T. S. America, enters the Pacific at
the cape of Corrientes.
Carthkeriny, r. Wales, runs into the Tave, 7 m.
W. S. W. Caermarthen.
Cartwel, t. Eng. 16 m. from Lancaster.
Carver, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 8 m. E. Plym-
outh, 50 S. E. Boston. Pop. 858. Here is a pond,
containing iron ore. The iron is of a superior
quality, and 500 tons have been obtained in a
year.
Carvin, t. France, 14 m. E. Bethune.
Canvar, s-p. Hind. 45 m. E. Goa. Lat. 14°
47' N.
Cari/y r. Ireland, runs into the sea near Bally-
Casabar. See Durgut.
Casac, a country of Persia, in Armenia, nom-
inally subject to Persia, but ruled by its own prin-
ces.
C^asada creeky m.Chatgjaue co. N. Y. issues from
C A 6
Casada lake, T ni. S. Dunkirk ou Lake Erie, ani
falls into the outlet of Chatauque lake.
Casa Grande, t. Mexico, in Sonora, on the Rio
Gila. Lon. 113° 23' E. Lat. 33^ 40' N.
Casale, or Casal, t. Piedmont, cap. of the duchy
of Montserrat, on the Po, near the site of the an-
cient SediUa. 35 m. S. W. Milan, 37 N. E. Tu-
rin. Lon. 8° 19' E. Lat. 45° 12' N. Pop. 15,000.
Casale, t. of the Austrian states, in the Paduan^
6 m. S. W. Montagnana.
Casale, t. Venetian territory, 3 m. S. E. Tre^
viso.
Casale Borgone, t. Piedmont, 12 m. N. E. Tu^
rin.
Casale Buttano, t. Lombardy, 8 m. N. W. Cre»
mona.
Casale Grande, t. Italy, 9 m. S. W. Modena.
Casale Maggiore, t. Lombardy, on the Po, 20 mi
E. S. E. Cremona.
Casale Morano, t. Italy, 12 m. N. W. Cremona.
Casal Nuovo, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto;
one in Capitanata, 11 m. N. Lucera; one in Lom-
bardy, 5 m. W. Cremona ; one in the grand duchy
of Tuscany ; one in Naples, pop. 3,510. 15 N.
Policastro ; one in Naples, 15 m. N. 'Pursi.
Casale-Pusterlengo, t. Lombardy, 10 m. S. E.
Lodi.
Casalegio, v. Italy, in Parma, duchy of Placen^
tia, 6 m. S. W. Piacenza.
Casan. See Kasan.
Casnnara, r. Venezuela, falls into the Mota,
about 75 leagues above its junction with the Ori-
noco. By means of this river, and of the river
Meta, the inhabitants of Santa Fe can carry their
produce into Guiana.
Casarrubios, t. Spain, 25 m. S. W. Madrid.
Cashin, city of Persia, in Irak, on a great san-
dy plain. It is one of the most extensive cities in
Persia. The manufactures and trade of Casbin
are considerable, this city being open to Georgia,
Azerbijan, Ghilan, and the Caspian sea. 240 m.
N. N. W. Ispahan. Lon. 49° 33' E. Lat. 36° 12' N.
Pop. 60,000.
Casbwona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 5 m. W.
Strongoli.
Cascades, Islede, in the St. Lawrence, at its en-
trance into Lake St. Louis.
Cascaes, s-p. Portugal, on the N. side of the Ta-
gus, at its mouth. 15 m. W. Lisbon. Lat. 38°
44' N. Cape Cascaes is 2 m. S. W.
Caschau, or Cassovia, cap. of Upper Hungary,
100 m. S. Cracow, 105 N. E. Buda. Pop. 7,900
Lon. 20° 40' E. Lat. 49° 40' N.
Cascina, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. W. Alessandria,
Cascn hay, on the coast of Maine, between cape
Elizabeth on the S. VV. and Cape Small Point, 40
miles distant, on the N. E. It contains about
300 small islands, which are well cultivated, and
includes other bays, Maquoit, Stroudwater, and
Portland harbour.
Caserta, or Cascerta JVbrcr, t. Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, noted for its magnificent palace. 15
m. E. Capua, 13 N. E. Naples.
Casey, co. Ken. Pop. 3,285. Slaves 242. Chief
town, Elizabeth.
Cashan, or Kashan, city, Persia, in Irak, one of
the most flourishing in the empire. Coloured and
flowered silks, the latter of exquisite beauty, are
manufactured here ; also carpets and cotton cloth,
utensils of copper, gold, and silver. Pop. estima-
ted at 30,000. 106 m. N. Ispahan. Lon. 51° IT
E. Lat. 33° 55' N.
Cash-clap settlement, p-v. Johnson co. lUinoi?.
CAS
©AS
159
Cashell, city, Ireland, in Tipperary, an archie-
piscopal see, about 3 m. from the river Suir, 31
S. W, Waterford. Pop. about 3,000.
Cashgar. See Kashgar.
Cashie, r. N. C. runs into the Roanoke, near its
mouth.
Cashmere^ a province of India, for a lon» period
belonging to Hindostan, but now an appendage of
Afghanistan ; it is about 90 miles long, and near-
ly of an oval form, situated cliiefly between 34°
and 33° N. lat. and between 73° and 76° E. Ion.
It is a fertile valley, surrounded on all sides by
mountans, from whence descend numerous rivu-
lets. From its elevated situation the climate is
delightful, the luxury of snow can always be pro-
cured, and the various fruits and flowers of both
zones are found in the greatest abundance. This
country may be entered by seven passes. The
mode of transporting goods through these passes, is
on men's shoulders, the roads being impracticable
either for horses, bullocks, or mules. There are
guards postedat each of these passes, who examine
all strangers ; and no one is allowed to quit the
country without a passport. Rice is the common
fcod of the inhabit'csnts, and is raised in abundance,
but the most valuable vegetable production is saf-
fron, of which great quantities are exported. The
principal source, however, of the wealth of Cash-
mere, is its delicate and unrivalled manufacture of
shawls ; the wool or hair of which the shawl is
made, is produced by a goat, found only in Tibet,
from whence the Cashmere merchants are suppli-
ed with the wool. Sixteen thousand looms are
said to be constantly employed, and the number
of shawls supposed to be manufactured annually is
80,000. During the late revolutions in the Afghan
government, the governor of Cashmere revolted,
and continues to maintain his independence. Its
principal towns are Serinaghur and Islamabad.
Cashmere, called also Serinaghur, the capital of
the above province, is in Ion. 73° 43' E. lat. 34°
20' N. ou the Jhelum, over which there are five
wooden bridges. Many of the houses are three
stories high, and are principally built of wood.
There are no public buildings of any consequence
in the city, but in the environs there are the re-
mains of several handsome palaces built by the em-
perors of Hindostan.
Cash river, Illinois, runs into the Ohio 15 m. be-
low Wilkinsonville.
Cashy, district, Hind, tributarv to Nepaul, be-
tween 28° and 29° N. lat. and about 83° E. Ion.
Casiar. See Cmsarea.
Casikli, t. on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat. 37°
22' N.
Casimir, or Casmy, (an. Eleutherus,) r. Syria,
falls into the sea, 4 m. N. Suir.
Casimirsburg, a fortified place of Pomerania, on
the Baltic, 13 m. E. N. E. Colberg.
Casino, r. Naples, runs into the sea 2 m. N. W.
Cape Stilo.
Caso, isl. in the Mediterranean, 6 m. S. Scar-
panto.
Caspe, t. Spain, 44 m. S. E. Saragossa.
Caspian Sea, an inland sea of Asia, bounded N.
by Russia, E. by Tartary, S. by Persia. It is 646
miles long, from N. to S. and 265 in extreme
breadth. The water is as salt as that of the
ocean, and has a bitter taste. Numerous rivers
run into the Caspian, aud among them the Volga,
the largest river in Europe, yetthelakehas no visi-
ble outlet. The navigation of this sea is dajigerous
owing to thennmei'ous shallows. There are ma-
ny ports, but few of which are safe and commodi-
ous for shipping. Sturgeon, salmon, and other fish
are caught in great quantities, and a number of
small vessels leave Astracan every season, for the
seal fishery on the Caspian.
Caspiaji, or Beautiful, lake, in Greensborough,
Vt. It is a head- water of the Lamoil.
Cassag/ie, t. France, 14 m. S. Rhodez.
Cassandra, Gulf of, on the coast of Eu. Turkey,
in the northwest part of the archipelago, east of
the gulf of Saloniki. Lon. 23° 50' E. Lat. 40° N.
Cassandra JVora, t. Eu. Turkey, 15 m. S. E. So-
loniki.
Cassano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 1 19 m. E.
S. E. Naples ; one in Bari, 15 m. S. Bari ; one iu
principato Ultra, 12 m. W. Conza.
Cassano suil Jidda, t. Lombardy, 16 m. N. E.
Milan.
Cassay, called also Meckley, or Muggalow, a
province of the Birman empire, lying between 23°
and 26° N. lat. and between 93° and 96° E. lon.
bounded N. by Assam, W. by Bengal, S. and E.
by Ava. It is governed by a rajah, who is tribu-
tary to the Birman monarchs ; and its inhabitants
are Hindoos, many of them brahmins. 1'he coun-
try is mountainous and very poor.
Cassehury Ghaut, a mountainous pass, Hind. 25
m. N. Chandor,
Cassel, t. Germany, cap. of the electorate of
Hesse (called from it Hesse Cassel.) It is on the
Fulda. The great school, called Collegium Caro-
linum, was founded here in 1709. The trade of
this place is not of great importance, but there
are some manufactories of china, earthen-ware,
and woollen stuffs. 50 m. S. E. Paderborn, 84 N.
E. Coblentz. Lon. 9° 35' 18" E. Lat. 51° 19' 20"
N. Pop. 19,000.
Cassel, or Montcassel, t. France, in the dep. of
the North, 15 m. S. E. of Dunkirk, 158 N. Paris.
Lon. 2° 29' 24" E. Lat. 50° 47' 54" N.
Cassel, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse, ,-)n the right bank of the Rhine, opposite
Mentz, Avith which it has communication by a
bridge of boats.
Cassette, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. Turin.. Po]).
9,500.
CasselVs store, p-v. Amelia co. Va.
Cassencuil, t. France, 6 m. W. N. W. Villeneuve
d'Agen.
Casnna, or Cashna, an extensive kingdom of
central Africa, situated W. of Bornou, and extend-
ing S. to the Niger. Like most other states in
this part of Africa, it is now tributary to Bornou^
The commerceofCassina with northern Africa, ia
maintained by a caravan from Fezzan. The ex-
ports consist of gold dust, slaves, cotton cloths, and
goat skins dyed red and yellow. The impoi-ts are
woollen stufis, carpets, hardware, arms, knives,
scissors, beads, mirrors, and toys. Cassina, the
capital, is a city of great extent, but little is known
respecting it.
Cassine, v. Piedmont, 6 m. N. Acqui.
Cassiquiari, r. a branch of the Rio Negro, in S.
America, which communicates with the Orinoco.
Cassis, s-p. France, 8 m. S. E. Marseilles.
Cassius, Mount, or Jebel Ocrab, mt. Syria, near
Antioch, 2 m. S. of the river Orontes.
Ca-ssopo, t. Island of Corfu, 8 m. N. Corfu.
Cassy, the Hindoo name of Benares.
Castagnedolo, t. Lombardy, 6 m. S. S. E. Brescia,
Castaliana Indians, Missouri Territoiy, 1,500 in
number, with the Catakas, 375 in number, and
the Dottttnis, 200, in number, inhabit the country
Idd
CAS
CAS
on the upper parts of the Platte and Kansas rivers,
and are supposed to be descendants of the anpient
Padoucas nation.
Caslamena, or Kastamoni, t. Natolia. Lon. 34°
18'E. Lat.40° 42' N.
Castanet, i. France, 6 m. S. S . E. Toulouse.
Castanheira, t. Portugal, 18 m. N. E. Lisbon;
one 24 m. E. S. E. Coimbra ; one in Beira, 7 m.
E. Aveiro.
Castono, t. Lombardy, 18 m. W. N. W. Milan.
Castarmwitz, or Kostanitza, t. and fort, Austrian
empire, in Croatia. Lon. 17° 0' E. Lat. 45° 30' N.
Castel Caldo, t. V'enetian territory, 30 m. S. S.
W. Padua.
Castel Durante, or Urbanea, t. of the popedom,
7 m. S. W. Urbino.
Castel-GondoJfo, t. States of the Church, in Cam-
pagnadi Roma, 12 ra. E. of Rome.
Castel Leone, t. Lombardy, 15 m. W. N. W.
Gremona. Pop. 8,000.
Castel a Mare di Slabia, s-p. Naples, in princi-
pato Citra, 15 m. S. E. Naples.
Castel J^uovo, fortified t. Austrian empire, in
Dalmatia, in the gulf of Cattaro, 10 m. W.of Cat-
taro. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Castel JVuovo, t. Piedmont, 17 m. N. W. Asti.
Castel J\ruovo, t. Italy, in Modena, 9 m. N. N.
W. Re^io.
Castel Rodrigo, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira,
10 m. N. W. Pinnel,
Castel Sardo, s-p. Sardinia, 22 m. N. E. Sassari.
Castel-Sarrazin, t. France, on the Garonne, 10
m. W. Montauban, 30 W. N. W. Toulouse. Pop.
5,000.
Castel Selino, t. Island of Candia, 21 m. S. W.
Canea.
Castel Vetere, (an. Cavlina,') t. Naples, in Cala-
l)ria Ultra, 12 m. N. Gierace.
Cartelaun, t. Prussian states, 22 m. S. S. W.
Coblentz.
Castelbranco, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira, on
the Leiria, 7 m. S. E. Coimbra.
Castellamonte, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S. S. W. Ivrea.
Caslellane, t. France, 36 m. W. Nice.
Castellazo, t. Piedmont, 7 m, S. Alessandria.
Castello di Birona, (an. Stippo,) t. Naples, in
Calabria Ultra, 6 m. W. Monte Leone.
Castello Citao di, (an. Tifemum Tiberinum,) t.
States of the Church, on the Tiber, cap. of a coun-
ty, 100 m. N. Rome.
Castello Rosso, isl. in the Mediterranean, half a
mile from the coast of Caramania. Lon. 20° 37' E.
Castello de Vide, t. and frontier castle of Portu-
gal, 9 m. E. N. E. Portalcgre.
Castellon de la Plana, t. Spain, 28 m. S. Valen-
cia. Pop. 11,000.
Castelluccio, t. Naples, 39 m. N. W. Bisignano.
Castelmoron, t. France, on the Lot, 9 m. W. Vil-
leneuve d'Agen.
Castelmoron, t. France, 27 m. S. E. Bourdeaux.
Castelmoroux, t. France, 8 m. E. Toulouse.
Castelnau de Bonnifou, t. France, 3 m. W.
Alby.
Castelnau de Brassac, t. France, 9 m. E. Castres.
Castelnau de Magnoac, t. France, 25 m. N. E.
Bagneres.
Castelnau de Montmirail, t. France, 6 m. N. W.
Gaillac.
Castelnau de Montratier, t. France, 15 m. N.
Montauban. Pop. 4,000.
Castelnau de Strefond, t. France, U m. N. W.
Toulouse.
Castelnaudary, t. France, in Aude, 33 m. S. E^'
Toulouse. Pop. 8,100.
Castelnuovo Tortonense, or di Scrivia, t. Milav^
on the Scrivia, 10 m. N. Tortona.
Castigliole, t. Piedmont, 1 1 m. S. W. Savigliano.
Castiglione, t. Tuscany, on a lake near the
coast. It is famed for its manufacture of salt, 12
m. S. xMassa. Lat. 42° 52' N. One, Italy, 18 m.
N. Lucca ; one, Sardinian states, 20 m. E. Genoa ;
one, Naples, in principato Citra, 5 m. N. E. Sa-
lerno ; one, Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 6 m. E. S.
E. Civita Borella.
Castiglione delle Stitiere, t. Lombardy, in Man-
tua. It is surrounded with walls. 20 m. N. W.
Mantua.
Castignola, or Casligliola, t. Piedmont, 8 m. W.
N. W. Ceni.
Castile, Old, an extensive province of Spain in-
closed between Arragoa, New Castile, Estrema-
dura, Leon, Asturias, Biscay and Navarre. Its
form is that of an irregular triangle, whose ex-
treme length is GO leagues, and its breadth about
50. Burgos is the chief town. The wealth of
Old Castile, consists in its pasturage, which feeds
thousands of sheep, cows, and other cattle. The
merinos after wintering in the plains, find in the
mountains of this province a rich supply of food for
the summer months. The commerce consists in
the transport of wool, and this takes place chiefly
by Burgos. Pop. 1,200,000.
Castile, JVcM', a province of Spain, bounded N.
W. and N. by Old Castile, N. E. by Arragon, E.
by Valencia, S, E. by Murcia, and S. by Andalu-
sia. The principal towns are, Madrid : Toledo,
the provincial capital ; Cuenca, the seat of a bish-
op, Cuidad Real, Seguenza, and Talavera de la
Reyna. The residence of the court during the
last three centuries has had a very evident effect
on the improvement of Madrid, but very little on
the province at large. The soil is naturally fer-
tile, but the cultivation of it is neglected, and the
mineral treasures of the mountains remain unex-
plored. The manufactures are, woollen stuffs,
silki, satin, and velvet, hats, soap, earthenware,
and cutlery. Pop. 1,200,000.
Castillon, t. France, in Gironde, 25 m. E. Bour-
deaux.
Castillon de Medoc, t. France, on the Garonne.
34 m. N. by W. Bourdeaux.
Castillonez, t. France. 5 m. E. Lauzun.
Castine, s-p. and cap. Hancock co. Maine, 122
m. E. N. E. Portland. Lon. 68° 46' W. Lat. 44°
24' N. Pop. 1,036. It is situated on a promonto-
ry, nearly at the head of the east side of Penob-
scot bay. It has an excellent harbour for any
number of ships of the largest size, has bold water,
and is accessible at all seasons of the year. The
promontory is connected with the main by a nar-
row isthmus. Castine has great strength from its
natural situation, and if proper batteries were
erected, might almost bid defiance to attack.
From the narrowness of the isthmus which con-
nects it with the main, it could be insulated with-
out much labour or expense ; and this mode of
defence, in addition to strong batteries, would en-
able it to resist any force Avhich would probably
be brought against it. The excellent harbor of
Castine ; its favourable situation for the entry of
prizes ; and above all, its geographical situation,
communicating in a few days sail with Halifax,
and by a short'route up the Penobscot, with Que-
bec, giving a command of all the intermediate
CAS
tountry from the Penobscot to the St. Croix, ren-
der it of the highest consequence as a military
position. This place was talten by the British
during the late war, but was restored at the con-
clusion of peace.
Castle Acre, t. Eng. in Norfolk ; 5 m. fr. Swaff-
ham, 95 fr. London.
Caslle Carey, t. Eng. in Somerset, 12 m. S. E.
Wells.
Castle Douglas, v. Scotland, in Kirkcudbright ;
9 m. N. Wigton.
Caslle Dermot, t. Ireland, in Kildare, 34 m. S.
W. Dublin.
Castle Donninglon. See Donnington Castle.
Castle Hedingham, t. Eng. in Essex, 7 m,, fr.
Braintree.
Castle Lehan, t. Ireland, 12 m. N. E. Cork.
CaMle jyiarti/r, t. Ireland, 12 m. fr. Cork, 118 fr.
Dublin.
Castle Rising, t. and borough, Eng. in Norfolk.
5m. N.E.Lynn.
Casflebar, t. Ireland, in Ma5'o ; 35 m. N. Gal way.
Castlecomer, t. Ireland, 10 m. N. Kilkenny.
Castleford, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. fr. Ponte-
fract
Castleharen, t. on the S. coast of Ireland, 19 m. S.
W. Bandonbridge.
Castleton, t. Eng. in Lancaster. Pop. 6,723. 1
m. S. Rochdale.
Castleton, t. Eng. in Derb}'^shire.
Castleton, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 38 m. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,428. Lake Bombazine is chiefly in
this town, and discharges itself into Castleton riv-
er, which falls into Putney river in Fairhaven.
Castleton, p-t Richmond co. on Slaten island,
N. y. 9 m, S. W. New- York. Pop. 1,301. Here
is the Marine Hospital, which can accommodate
2 or 300 sick ; and the Quarantine and Health
Establishments of the city of New- York.
Castleton, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y.
Castletown, or Castle Rushin, (an. Sodo') t. Isle
of Man, Eng. Lon. 4° 40' W. Lat. 54° 5' N.
Castletown, v. Scotland, 18 m. S. S. VV. Jedburgh.
Castor, Madison co. Missouri.
Cas(or''s River, Newfoundland, falls into St.
John's harbor.
Castor ia, r. Turkey, empties into a lake in
Macedonia, after which it is called Vistritza.
Castravan Mountains, a branch from Mount
Lebanon, in Syria, 20 m. S. Tripoli.
Castres, t. France, at the conflux of the Agout
and Thouret, 35 m. E. Toulouse. Lon. 2° 19' E.
Lat. 43° 30' N. Pop. 12,400.
Castri, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on the S. W.
side of Mount Parnassus, and the site of the an-
cient Delphi.
Castricum, v. Netherlands, 6 m. S. S. W. Alk-
maer.
Castries, Bay of, on the E. coast of Chinese Tar-
tary, in the channel or gulf of Tartary, which sep-
arates that part of the continent from the island
of Saghalien. Lat. 51° 29' N.
Castro, a duchy of Italy, in the States of the
Church, lying between St. Peter's Patrimony,
the Mediterranean, Tuscany, the Orvietano, and
the river Marta. Castro, the capital, is near the
river Ospada, 10 miles from the sea ; 55 m. N. W.
Rome. Lon, 11° 35' E. Lat. 42° 33' N.
Castro, t. Naples, on the gulf of V'enice, 8 m. S.
E. Otranto.
Castro, (an. Mytiletic) s-p. Island of Metelin, 30
no. S. W. Adramiti. Lon. 26° 28' E. Lat. 39° N.
Gastro, chief t. Lemno':. Poo. 800 families.
21
CAT
1,61
Cg,stTO Oeriz, t. and county, Spain j 20 ra. W. Bur-
gos.
Castro Giovanni, t, Sicily, 40 m. W. Catania.
Lon. 140 50' £. Lat. 37° 30' N. Pop. 12,000.
Castro Marim, s-p. Portugal, on the Guadiana.
12m.E.N.E. Tavira.
Castro JVuovo, t. Sicily, 20 m. S. E. Palermo.
Castrop, t. Prussian states, 27 m. S. S. W. Mon-
ster.
Castropol, t. Spain, 14 ra. E. Mondonedo.
Castro Vireyaa, province, Peru, bounded N.
W. by Cunete, N. by Yauyoo, N. E. by Angiraes,
and Huamanga-and-Huanta ; W. by Vilcas Hua-
man ; S. W. by Lucanas and lea. Castro Virey-
na, the capital, is 60 m . fr. Lima. Lon. 74° 44'
W. Lat. 13049' S.
Castua, t. Istra, 30 m. S. E. Trieste.
Caswell, CO. in the N. part of N. C. Pop. 11,757.
Slaves, 4,299. Chief t, Leesburg, At the Court-
House is a post-ofSce.
Cat Island, one of the Bahamas, the first land
discovered by Columbus, who called it St. Salva- ♦
dor. Lon. 750 W. Lat. 24° 30' N.
Catabamba, t. Peru, and cap. of a province of
the same name, 90 m. S. W. Cu?co.
Caiabaw river. See Wateree.
Catabaw Indians, 450 in number, reside on e.
Reservation of 141,000 acres, granted by the Pro-
prietary government, on Catawba river. Lat.
34° 49', on the boundary line between N. aiad S,
Carolina. Their ancestors were among the bra-
vest and most generous enemies of the Six Nations.
Catabulm, r. S.America, falls into the Rio Negro.
CataJiula, p-t. Rapide co. Louisiana. Pop.
1,164.
Catahunk island. See Buzsard's-bay.
Catalina harbour, on the E. coast of Newfound-
land. Lat. 48° 38' N.
Catalonia, province, in the N. E. part of Spain,
bounded N. by the Pyrenees, which separate it
from France, E. by the Mediterranean, S. by Va-
lencia, and W. by Arragon. It far surpasses eve-
ry province in Spain, in manufactures, commerce,
agriculture and industry. Vines are cultivated
on a very large scale. The other products are ol-
ives, silk, hemp and flax. A great trade is carried on
with the American colonies, Italy, the South of
France,EnglanJ, Holland, and the North of Europe.
Tiie Catalans manufacture woollens, silks and
cottons, hats, leather, gunpowder, and hardware.
Catamaiu, v. Quito, falls into the Pacific, in
about 4° 45' S. lat. Near its mouth, it is called
Amotape.
Catamaiidoo, citj^, Hind. cap. of Nepaul, in lat.
27° 33' N. lon. 85° 39' E. on the Bhagmutty riv-
er, in one of the most romantic vallies in the
world. It is well supplied witli every conven-
ience of life, and is said to contain 50,000 persons.
The houses are built of brick, of two, three, and
four stories, but, in general, have but a mean ap-
pearance.
Catamarca, S. Fernando de, city, S. America, in
Tucuman. Lat. 27° S.
Catanduanes, one of the Philippine islands, E.
of Luzon. Lon. 124° 30' E. Lat 15° N.
Catania, a famous city of Sicily, in the Val De-
mona, beautifully situated on the E. coast of the
island, at the foot of Mount Etna. Although de-
stroyed t'lree times by the lava of the volcano, it
has always risen more splendidly from its ashes.
Most of the edifices possess an air of magnificence
unknown in any other part of the island. The
vicinity of Etna l^ the seurce of good and evil to
162
CAT
the Catanians ; producing a purity of climate ex-
tremely favourable to health, and highly condu-
cive to the culture of corn, vegetables, fruit, and
■wine ; but, on the other hand, keeping up alarm,
from the danger of eruption. In 1693, the whole
town was thrown down by an earthquake. The
lava, which is found here in immense quantities,
is used for building and paving. The harbor,
though one of the largest in the island, is not
much frequented. The exports are wheat, bar-
ley, wines and oil. 35 m. N. Syracuse. Lat. 37°
30' N. Pop. about 60,000.
Catansaro, t Naples, cap. of Calabria Ultra.
Pop. computed at 10,900. 9 m. N. E. Squillace,
10 S. W. Belcastro. Lon. 15° 64' E. Lat. 38°
58' N.
Cataract River, N. America, falls into the Co-
lumbia, about 200 miles from its mouth.
Cataraugm, co. the S. W. part of N. Y. bound-
ed N. by Niagara and Genesee counties, E. by
Alleghany co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Cha-
tauque. Pop. 458.
Cafaraugus, r. N. Y, falls into lake Erie, 25 m.
S. Buffalo.
Catas .tUas, v. Brazil, about 200 miles N. E.
Rio Janeiro.
Catawessee, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. on tiie
E. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. N. E. Sun-
bury. Pop. 1,934.
Cateau Cambresis, fortified t. France, 15 m. S.
E. Cambray. Lon. 3° 32' 66" E. Lat. 50° 6' 15"
N. Pop. 4,000.
Cathanse, r. Maine, runs into Merry-meeting-
bay, in Lincoln co.
Catharines, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 18 m. W.
Spencer. Pop. 836.
Cathcm, Catema, Kadhema, Gran, or Koueit,
8-p. Arabia, in Lachsa. Lon. 48° 10' E. Lat. 29^
13' N.
Cathlakamaps, Indians, 700 in number, at the
mouth of Wallaumut river, (miscalled Multno-
mah,) 80 m. from the mouth of Columbia river.
Cathlanamenamen, Indians, 400 souls, on an
island in the mouth of the Wallaumut, on Co-
lumbia river. This was once a very powerful
tribe, under a celebrated chief named Toteleham.
Cathlapooile, Indians, 1,100 in number, oppo-
site the Cathlakasaps, on Columbia river.
Calif, el, t. Arabia, in Lachsa, near the Persian
gulf, 132 m. S. Bassora, 420 S. Ispahan. Lon. 47°
16' E.
Catingoor, t. Hind. 50 m. E. S. E. Hyderabad.
Catistobole, r. W. Florida, runs into the gulf of
Mexico. Lon. 85° 16' W.
Catknburg, t. Hanover, 16m.S. S. E. Einbeck.
Catleltsburg, p-v. Greenup co. Ken.
Catmandu. Sec Catamandoo.
Cato, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Senaca river, 24
m. N. Auburn. Pop. 1,075.
Caton, t. Eng. 4 m. N. Lancaster.
Catrah, t. Hind, in Benares, 25 m. S. ^V. Mir-
zapore.
Catrine, v. Scotland, 14 m. N. W.Ayr.
Cafscreek inills, p-v. Washington co. Ohio.
Catskill, p-t. and cap. Greene co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 33 m. below Albany, 5 below Hudson.
Pop. 4,245. Catskill village, is on Catskill creek,
and contains about 200 houses, the county build-
ings, 2 houses of public worship, an academy,
and a bank.
Catskill, r. N.Y. runs into the Hudson, at Cats-
kilL Its mouth makes a good harbor for sloops.
Catskill mountains, N. Y. west of Hu(}son rir-
C A U
et-, in the counties of Ulster, Green, Albany, ?md
Schoharie. The height of their summits has
been accurately estimated by Capt. Partridge.
Round top is 3,804 feet, and High Peak, 3,718
above the sea.
Cattaro, t. Austrian empire, at the bottom of the
gulf of Cattaro, on the E. side of the Adriatic.
It is defended by a castle and strong battlements,
and is inclosed with high rocks. 28 m. W. N. W.
Scutari, 30 S. S. E. Ragusa. Lon, 18° 58' E.
Lat. 42° 22' N.
Cattegat, a large channel, between Jutland
on the W, the islands of Funen and Zealand
on the S, and the coast of Sweden on the E. It
communicates with the Baltic by the Sound and
the two B elts.
Cattorich, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. fr. Bo-
roughbridge.
Cattoun, an English settlement on the W. coasf
of Sumatra. Lon. 101° 45' E. Lat. 3° 20' S.
Cattii-yck, two villages of the Netherlands, in
Holland : one on the sea shore, 6 m. N. W. Ley-
den, called Cattwyck op See ; the other near it
on the Old Rhine, called Cattwyck op Rhyn.
Catiira, t. Syria, 15 m. N. Aleppo.
Catzenelnbogen, Old, t. in the duchy of Nassau.,
28 m. W. N. W. Mcntz. Lon. 7° 157' E. Lat.
50° 13' N.
Cava, La, t. Naples, 25 m. E. Naples.
CavMchis, t. Quito, on the Amazon, 90 m. N. E.
St. Joachim de Omagua?.
Cavade, lake, Tyrol, 12 m. W. N. W. Trent.
Cavado, r, Portugal, falls into the Atlantic, be-
low Braga.
Cavaglia, v. Piedmont, 16 m. W. Vercelli.
CavailUm, (an. Cabellio,) t. France, on the Du-
rance, in Vaucluse, 12 m. S. E. Avignon. Pop.
7,000.
Cavaillon, t. St. Domingo, 5 leagues W. by S,
St. Louis.
Cavala or La Carale, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the
Archipelago. Lon. 24° 48' E. Lat. 40° 43' N.
Cavaleri, isl. Eu. Turkey, in the Archipelago.
Lon. 24° 10' E. Lat. 38° 7' N.
Cavalier Maggiore, large v. Piedmont, 19 m. S.
Turin.
Cavaliere, Cape, on the coast of Caramania.
Cavalley, islands near the coast of New Zea-
land. Lon. 185° 42' E. Lat. 35° 3' N.
Cavan, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Fermanagh,
E. by Monaghan, S. by Longford, Meath, and
Westmeath, and W, by Leitrim. Pop. in 1801,
90,000.
Cavan, t. Ireland, cap. of Cavan co. 54 m. N.
W. Dublin.
Cavana, t. Peru, in Cusco, 100 m. S. W. Cusco.
Cavarzere, t. Venetian territory, on the Adige,
16 m. N. E. Rovigo,
Cavazates, t. Cuba, 120 m. E. Havannah.
Caub, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau, on
the Rhine, 20 m. S. Coblentz. Lon, 7° 40' E, Lat,
53° 50' 3" N.
Cauca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. N, Se-
govia.
Cauca, r. S. America, rises near Popayan, be-
tween the great western and middle ridges of the
Andes ; and after a northerly course of about 500
miles, falls into the Rio Magdalena, in lat. 9° N.
Caucasus, a vast chain of mountains in Asia,
commencing near the mouth of the "Kuban, on
the Black sea ; and running S. ti'averses Mingre-
lia and Georgia, and afterwards turning east,
runs along the W. shores c^ tlie Caspian sea, and
c A vy
through the Persian provinces, I')aghestan and
Shirvan. Thence it pursues an easterly course
under other names, till it joins the immense range
ioiown by the name of Hindoo Koosh. Part of this
chain is covered with perpetual snow.
CaiicasuSy Governmtnt of, a province of Russia,
bounded N. by Saratov, Elcaterinoslav, and the
country cf the Don Cossacks ; E. by the Caspian
sea, and the river Ural ; S. by the Persian and
Turkish dominions^ and the territories of inde-
pendent tribes ; and W. by the sea of Azoph, and
province of Taurida. The inhabitants consist of
numerous tribes, some of them scarcely admitting
the supremacy of Russia. It consists of two prov-
inces, Caucasus and Astracan,
CauchvmiU, Turkish isl. in the Mediterranean.
Lon. 26° 24' E. Cat. 36° 30' N.
Caudar^ v. Spain, runs into the Xucar, above
Cuenca.
Caudcbec^ t. France, on the Seine, 18 m. W.
Rouen ; one on the Seine, in Eure.
Caudecosle, t. France, 7 m. S. E. Agen.
Caudete, t. Spain, in Valencia, a league from
Villena. Pop. 6,000.
Caudiez, t. France, 27m.W. N. W. Perpignan.
Cavendish, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 10 m. S. W.
Windsor, Pop. 1,295.
Cavers undr mi, t. Hind. 23 m. N. N. W. Gaudi-
«otta.
Caverypatam, t. Hind. 12 m. S.Tanjore.
Caverypatam, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 103 m.
E. Seringapatam.
Caveryporum, t. Hind. 85 m.S. E. Seringapatam.
Caveshill, p-v. Orange co. Va.
Caugmahry, t. and district, Bengal. Lat. 24°
15' N. Lon. 89° 48' E.
Caughnuwaga, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y.
Caviana, isl. in the mouth of the Amazon, about
220 miles in circumference.
Caviana, t. Brazil, 25 m. S. W. Para.
Cavite, L in the island of Luzon, 9 m. S. W.
Manilla. Lon. 121° E. Lat. 14° 29' x\.
Caulabagh, t. Afghanistan, on the Indus. In
the vicinity are large rocks of pure salt. Lon.
70° 46' E. Lat. 32^ 11' N.
Caumont, t France, 20 m. S. W. Caen.
Caumont, t. France, on the Durance, 8 m. E.
by S. Avignon.
Caune, La, t. France, 21 m. E. N. E. Castres.
Cannes, Les, t. France, 25 m. W. Narbonne.
Caunglass, Point, on the W, coast of Ireland.
Lat. 51° 58' N.
Caunsrahead, cape, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lat. 52° 8' N.
Cavor, t. Piedmont, 8 m. S. by E. Pignerol.
Cauquenes, r. Chili, falls into the Maule.
Caussade, t. France, 35 m. N. Toulouse.
Caulen, r. Chili, falls into the Pacific, in lat. 39°
20' S.
Cauterets, v. France, 25 m. S. W. Tarbes.
Cauvery, r. Hind, in Tanjore, passes through
the Mysore, and falls into the sea by several
mouths, after a course of nearly 400 miles.
Cawnpore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Gan-
ges, in lon. 80° 21' E. lat. 26° 30' N. on the high
road between Culpee and Lucknow. The Brit-
ish military cantonments are in its vicinity, and
contain good barracks for three regiments of cav-
alry, one battalion of artillery, two European re-
giments, and six battallions of native infantry. 50
m. S. Lucknow.
Cawood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ouse, 13
m. S. W. York.
C A Z
J63
Cawihorne, t. Eng. in Yorkshire^ 4 m. from
Barnsley.
Caxamarca, city, Peru, and cap. of a province
of the same name. Lat. 6° 54' S. Pop. 2,000.
CaxamarquiUa, city, Peru, and cap. of a pro-
vince of the same name ; lies S. E. of Caxamarca,
in lat. 7° 36' S. The population of the province is
8,000.
Caxalambo, city, Peru, and cap, of a province
of the same name, lies 160 m. N. of Lima, in lat.
10° 27' S.
Caxton, t Eng. 10 m. from Cambridge.
Caya, r. Spain, in Estremadura, falls into the
Guadiana near Badajos ; another in Catalonia,
runs into the Mediterranean near Tamarit.
Cayagan^ Sooloo Isles, a cluster of islands in the
Eastern seas, lying off the N, E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118° 50' E. Lat. 7° N.
Cayahoga. See Cayuga, and Cuyahoga.
Cayambe, or Cayambe-Urcu, one of the loftiest
summits of the Andes, in the E. chain of the Cor-
dilleras. 60 m. N. W. Quito. It is 20,000 feet
above the level of the sea.
Cayenne, isl. in French Guiana, 18 m. long and
10 broad, separated from the main land by the
river Cayenne. The soil is fertile. Lat 5° N.
53° 15' VV.
Cayenne, cap. of French Guiana ; is on the
N. point of the island of Cayenne. It has a
large and convenient port. Lon. 52° 16' W. Lat
5°xN.
Cayenne, r. French Guiana, falls into the At-
lantic, in lat. 4° 55' N.
Cayes, Les, s-p. St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by
S. St. Louis. Lat. 18° 12' N.
Cayeux, t. on the N. coast of France, 6 m. W.
St. Valery.
Caymans. See Caimans.
Caymites. See Caimites.
Cayne, r, Wales, falls into the Severn, 4 m. W,
Newtown.
Cayo, t. Wales, in Caermartlien co . 6 m. from
Llan-dovery.
Cayster, r. Natolia, flows into the sea near Eph-
esus.
Cayte, r. Brazil, falls into the sea, in lat. 0° 50'
S. lon. 46° 40' W.
Cayuga, co. (N.Y.) E. of Cayuga lake ; bounded
N. by Lake Ontario and Oswego co. ; E. by Os-
wego, Onondaga and Cortlandt cos. ; S. by Tomp-
kins CO. and W. by Cayuga lake, and Seneca and
Ontario COS. Pop. 29,840. Chief town. Auburn.
Cayuga, p-v. in Aurelius, Cayuga co. N. Y. The
village of East Cayuga stands on the east side of
Cayuga lake. A bridge crosses the lake, at this
place, and a steam-boat plies the lake to Ithaca.
Ca_y7/g-aLafce, between Cayuga and Seneca cos.
N. Y. 40 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad. Its
outlet is Seneca river.
Cayuga creek, Niagara co. N. Y. the most north-
ern fork of Buffalo creek.
Cayufa, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Spencer.
Caza Forte, a fort of Brazil, in Goyas, on the
Tocantins. 380 m. N. N. E. Villaboa.
Cazal, t. Arabia, 80 m. N. E. Medina.
Cazalioub, v. Natolia, 24 m. N. W. Kutayeh.
Cazals, t. France, 9 m. S. W. Gourdon.
Cazaubon, t. France, 25 m. W. Gondii.
Caze, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 95 m. S. E. Mecca.
Cazenovia, p-t. jand cap. Madison co. N. Y. 40
m. W. Utica, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 3,151. It is
a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a
164
C E L
C E N
Courthouse, a jail, a house of public worship, and
abauk.
CazereSf t. France, on the Garonne, 33 m. S. W.
Toulouse.
Cazobla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal-
quivir.
Caszarif t. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates, 55
m. W. Bagdad.
Cazzola, isl. in the Adriatic. Lat. 43=* 8' N.
Cea, t. Spain, 23 m. E. S. E. Leon.
Cecil, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,167.
Cecil, CO. Aid. on Ure Eastern shore oi'the Ches-
apeake ; bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Del-
aware, S. by Kent co. and W. by the Chesapeake.
Pop. 13,066. Slaves, 2,467. Chief town. Elk-
ton.
Cecina, r. Italy, falls into the Tuscan sea, be-
tween Leghorn and Piombino.
Cedar, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Cedar creek, hundred, Sussex co. Del. Pop.
8,874.
Cedar creek, Rockbridge co. Va. runs into James
river. The Katural Bridge over this creek, is 12
m. S. Lexington. It is one of the greatest curiosi-
ties in the world. The river runs through a
chasm which is 90 feet wide at the top. The
sides are 250 feet high, and almost perpendicular.
The bridge is a huge rock thrown across this
chasm at the top. It is 60 feet wide, and covered
with earth and trees. It forms a sublime specta-
cle, when beheld from the margin of the creek.
Cedar creek, runs into the Missouri from the N.
in St. Charles co. Missouri.
Cedar'creek mouth, p-v. Franklin co. Ken.
Cedar Lake, N. America, 60 m. E. Lake Win-
nipic, with which it is connected by the Saskatch-
iwine. Lon. 100° 5' W. Lat. 53° 8' N'
Cedar Lake, {Red,) N. America, from which
proceeds one of tlie branches of the Mississippi, in
lat. 47° 27' N.
Cedar point, cape, Md. on the W. side of Ches-
apeake bay, at the mouth of the Patuxent.
Cedar point, s-p. Charles co. Md. on the P6to-
mac, 12 m. S. S. E. Port-Tobacco.
Cedars, v. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m.
above Montreal.
Cedarville, p-v. Cumberland co. N J.
Cedogna, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 12 m.
N. VV.Melfi,
Cefalu, t. Sicily, 30 m. E. Palermo.
Cehegin, t. Spain, 37 m. W. Murcia.
Ceilles, t. France, 35 m. N. W. Montpelier.
Ceira, t. Portugal at the mouth of the river
Ceira, 3 m. S. E. Coimbra.
Ceiztriat, t. France, 6 m. E. S. E. Bourgen
Bresse.
Celano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near lake
Celano. 16 m. W. Salmona. Lon. 13° 27 E.
Lat. 42° 6' N.
Celaya, t Mexico. Lon. 101° 5' W. Lat. 21°
N.
Celbridge, t. Ireland, 10 m. from Dublin.
Celebes, isl. in the E. Indian sea, of a very ir-
regular figure, about 500 miles long. It con-
sists of three large peninsulas. Immense bays
are formed between the peninsulas, affording
secure harbors for shipping. The inhabitants
are confuted at 3,000,000. They are of a
copper colour. The men ard described as suspi-
cious, cruel, and ferocious ; but ingenious, brave,
and high-spirited, and daring in adventure. Their
martial character is celebrated all over the East-
ern seas. They generally profess a corrupted form
of the Mahometan religion. They are adventa^
reus navigators, frequenting all places in the
Eastern seas. Their piracies inspire dread among
the neighbouring islanders. The trade consists in
the exportation of gold, tortoise-shell, sago, rice,
and cotton cloths, and in the importation of arms
and ammunition, iron and steel, blue and white
cloth. The island is called Negree Oran Bu^ess
and Tanna Macassar, by the natives. It is parti-
tioned into several political divisions, which are
governed by different rajahs or chiefs, respect-
ively independent in their own territories. Many
towns are seen along the coast, of which Macas-
sar, where there is a Dutch settlement, is the best
known. Lon. 116° 40' to 121° 40' E. Lat. 3° N.
to 5° 10' S.
Celenito, r. Calabria, runs into the gulf of Ta-
rento.
Celindro, s-p, Asia Minor, 54 m. N. Cerino, in
the island of Cyprus.-
Celln, t. France, 6 m. E. Thiers ; one, 10 m. fr.
Moulins ; one, 6 m. fr. St. Almand ; one, in Aub^
on the river Ource.
Cellefrouin, t. France, 9 m. N. Rochefoucault,
Cdlea, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Niort.
Celles, t. Netherlands, 11 m. N. E. Tournay.
Celles, t. France, 12 m. W. Ramorantin.
Celorico, t. Portugal, 9 m. N. W. Guarda.
Cenchrea, in Sac. Geog. See Corinth.
Ceneda, (an. Acedum,) t. Venetian territorjt,
10 m. S. Belluno.
Cenia, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 8
m. N. E. Peniscola.
Cenit Mount, a high mountain of the Alps, in
Savoy, between Turin and Chamberry, at an
equal distance from both. Across this mountain
is one of the most im[X)rtant passes of the Alps,
opening a communication between Savoy aiid
Piedmont.
Ccnis, or Mont Cents, t. France, 10 m. S. Au-
tun.
Centale, v. Piedmont, 5 m. N. W. Coni.
Centellas, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. S. Vi-
que.
Centinel, Great and Little, islands in the bay of
Bengal. Lon. 92° 30' E. Lat. 11° 33' N.
Cento, t. States of the Church, 13 m. N. N. W.
Bolo^rna.
Centorbi, (an. Centuripa,) t. Sicily, 29 m. W.
N. W. Catania.
Centre, co. Pa. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E.
by Northumberland co. S. by Mifflin and Hunting-
don counties, and W. by Clearfield co. Pop. 10,681.
Chief t. Bellefonte.
Centre, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 742.
Centre, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 777,
Centre, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,590.
Centre, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Centre-furnace, p-v. Centre co. Pa.
Centre-harbor, p-t, Stratford co. N. H. at the
end of lake Winnipiseogee, 30 m. N. Concord.
Pop. 349.
Centreville, p-v. Crawford co. Pa.
Centreville, p-t. and cap. Queen Anne co. Md.
12 m. S. Chestertown ; at the head of Corsica
creek, which flows into Chester river. The pub-
lic buildings are a court-house and jail, a house
of public worship for Metliodists, and an acad-
emy.
Centreville, p-v. Fairfax co. Va.
Centreville, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C.
Centreville, p-t. Livingston co. Ken. Here is an
academv.
C E R
Cmtrevilk, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. N. W.
Lancaster, 14 S. E. Columbus.
Centreville, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. S.
Dayton.
Centrevilky t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
470.
Centreville, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Indiana.
Cephalonia, the largest of the islands forming
the Ionian republic, is in the Mediterranean, N. of
Zante. It is 40 miles long, and from 10 to 20
broad. The soil is of great natural fertility. The
principal productions are raisins, currants, oil,
wine (particularly tlie kind called muscadel),
citrons, melons, pomegranates, and cotton. The
principal manufacture is coarse cotton cloth. The
inhabitants own about 250 small merchant ves-
sels, which trade to the Levant, Apulia, and oth-
er districts bordering on the gulf of Venice. Ar-
gostoti, the chief town, has one of the best har-
bors in the Mediterranean. The imports consist
chiefly of corn, woollen cloths, linen, sugar, and
hardware. Pop. 60,000, mostly Greeks. Lon.
20° 40' to 21° 18' E. Lat. 38° to 38° 28' N.
Cephalonia, t. on the island of Cephalonia. Lon.
20° 59' E. Lat. 38° 20' N.
Cephisia, or Kephsa, t. Greece, on the Ce-
phissus.
Cepita, t. Peru, 60 m. N. W. La Paz.
Ceram, isl. in the Eastern sea, about 160 miles
long, and 40 broad. The clove tree formerly
flourished here ; but through the influence of the
Dutch it has been extirpated. Lon. 128° to 131°
E. Lat 3° 48' to 3° 33' S.
Ceram, v. Java, 56 m. W. Batavia.
Cerboli, isl. off the coast of Tuscany. Lon. 9°
35' E. Lat. 42° 51' N.
Cercado, province, of Peru, bounded N. by
Chancay, N. E, by Guarochini, S. by Canete, and
W. by the Pacific,
Cerdoriy t. France, 12 m. S. Bourgen Bresse.
Cerence, t. France, 7 m. S. Coutances.
Cerem, t France, 10 m. S. Le Mans.
Cerensa, t. Naples, 30 m. E. Cosenza.
Ceret, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Perpignan.
Cerf, Isle au, small isl. in the St. Lawrence, at
the confluence of the river des Prairies.
Cerignola, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 28 m.
6. E. Manfredonia. Lon. 15° 56' E. Lat. 41° 13'
N. Pop. 12,000.
Cerigo, or Cherigo, (an. Cythera,) one of the
seven islands in the Mediterranean, which com-
pose the Ionian repubhc. It lies S. of the Morea,
from which it is separated by a narrow strait. It
is 17 miles long, and 10 broad ; and is, in general,
arid, and little cultivated. There are raised,
however, small quantities of corn, wine, oil, flax,
and cotton. Pop. 10,000. Cerigo, the chief
town, is a small place, near the S. coast. Lon.
22° 57' E. Lat. 36° 10' N.
Cerigotio, (an. Egitia,) islet in the Ionian sea,
midway between Cerigo and Candia.
Cerino, s-p. on the N. coast of the island of
Cyprus, situated in a fertile district, which a-
bounds in grain and cotton, and olive, mulberry,
fig, and other fruit trees. Lon. 35° 35' E. Lat.
35° 30' N.
Cerisay, t. France, 7 m. S. S. E. Chatillon sur
Serre.
Cerisola, v. Piedmont, 5 m. E. Carmagnola.
Cerisy, t. France, 8 m. E. S. E. Coutances ; one
7 m. N. E. St. Lo.
Cema, r. Piedmont, runs into the Sesia, 3 m.
N. W. VerceUi.
C E Y
166
Cerruty, t. France, 18 m. N. E. Befbrt. .
Cerne, or Ceme Abbas, t. Eng. in Dorset, 7 m.
N. Dorchester.
Cernely, v. Switzerland, 24 m. S. E. Coire.
Cernobio. (an. CcEnobium,) t. Lombardy, in
Milan, on the lake of Como, near the town of
Como.
Cerny, t. France, 7 m. E. Estarapes.
Cerrito, t. Naples, 18 m. W. N. W. Benevento.
Cerro do Frio, or the Cold Mountains, a district
of the province of Minas Geraes, in Brazil, chiefly
remarkable for ita diamond mines.
Cerros, isl. in the Pacific, on the coast of Cali-
fornia. Lat. 28° 8' N.
Certaldo, t. Tuscany, in the Siennese.
Cervaro, t. Naples, 9 m. E. N. E. Policastro.
Cervera, t, Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. Tarra-
gona; one, 7 m. fr. Talavera; one, 10 m. N. Ro-
sas ; one, 50 m. E. N. E. Leon; one, 15 m. S. S. E.
Calahorra.
Cervera, Cape, Spain, in lon. 3° 3' E. and lat.
42° 26' N. ; another, in lon. 0° 46' W.aud lat. 37®
38' N.
Cervia, t. States of the Church, 10 m. S. E.
Ravenna.
Cervin, Mont, mountain, Switzerland, near
Mont Blanc. It is 13,845 feet above the level of
the sea.
Cervini Isles, in the Adriatic, belonging to
Austria.
Cervon, t. France, 17 m. S. E. Clamecy.
Cesara, r. New Granada, falls into the Magda-
lena, in lat. 8° 46' N.
Cesarea. See Casarea.
Cesarea Creek. See Cohanzy.
Cesena, t. States of the Church, 18 m. S. Ra-
venna.
Cesenatico, s-p. States of the Church, on the
gulf of Venice, 16 m. S. E. Ravenna.
Cesi, t. States of tlic Cliurch, 6 m. N. Narni.
Cessenon, t. France, 9 m. N. Beziers.
Cestos. See Sestos.
Cesy, t. Palestine, 6 m. S. Saphet.
Cetina, r. Dalmatia, falls into the gulf of Ve-
nice.
Cetina, t. Dalmatia, 30 m. N. E. Spalatro.
Ceton, t. France, 30 m. E. S. E. Alencon.
Cetraro, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 21 m. N.
N. Vi. Cosenza.
Cette, or Sette, s-p. France, 18 m. S. W. Mont-
pellier. Lon. 3° 41' 5" E. Lat. 43° 23' 37" N.
Pop. 8,000.
Ceva, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 40 m. W.,
Genoa. Lon. 8'^ 15' E. Lat. 44° 23' N.
Cevennes. See Sevennes,
Cevio, t. Switzerland, 10 m. N. Locarno.
Ceuta, s-p. and fort, Morocco, opposite Gibral-
tar. Lon. 5° 11' W. Lat. 35® 38' N.
Ceylon, a large island in the Indian sea, sepa-
rated from the coast of Coromandel by a channel,
called the Straits of Manaar. Its general outline
resembles the shape of a pear ; its extreme length
is about 300 miles, and its breadth 140. This
island is named Cingala by the natives, who
are thence denominated Cingalese. The cli-
mate, in some parts, is hot and oppressive;
in others, more temperate and salubrious. —
The interior has a climate very destructive to
Europeans. Great variety of minerals are
found here, as tin, lead, iron in abundance,
and quicksilver. Precious stones are proba-
bly more numerous and diversified than in any
other part of the world. The most extensive
lee
c H A
pearl fishery on the globe is carried on in the
straits of Manaar, on the N. W. coast. The fi-
nest fruits grow on the island. Oranges, lemons,
water melons, and cocoa-nuts, are plentiful, as
also pepper, coffee, and a species of the tea tree ;
but the most valuable of all the Ceylonese plants
is the cinnamon tree, the principal plantations of
which lie near Columbo. Snakes of an enormous
size, and some, of the most venemous species, are
found on the island. The elephants of Ceylon
are highly celebrated for strengtli and sagacity.
The inhabitants seem to be of three distinct races,
the Veddahs or Beddahs, the native Cingalese, and
the offspring of foreigners by alliances with the
natives. Of the first, very little is known more
than that they are a very wild people, subsisting
chiefly by hunting and the spontaneous produce
of the woods. The Cingalese have a language,
and use characters peculiar to themselves.
The religion of Ceylon is the worship of Boodh.
The number of native Protestants is about 150,000,
and of Roman Catholics 30,000. Formerly the
number was much greater, but of late multitudes
have relapsed into idolatry.
This island was visited by the Portuguese in 1305,
who maintained their superiority here during 133
years, when they were expelled by the Dutch.
The Dutch settlements were captured by the
British in 1796, and the conquest of the island was
completed in 1815, by the subjection of the king
of Candy. See Candy. It is now constituted into
one of the British governments of India. Pop.
1,500,000.
In 1816, the American Board of Commission-
ers for Foreign Missions established a Mission in
the district of Jaffna, in the northern part of tlie
island. In 1820, it consisted of 6 ordained mis-
sionaries, a physician, and a printer. It occupies
two principal stations, Tillipally and Batticotta,
and has especially assigned to it six large parishes,
with ancient buildings and lands devoted to reli-
gious use,and containing a dense pagan population.
It is advantageously situated for communication
with the difl'erent parts of the island, and with tlie
populous province of Southern India, and for ex-
tensive and efficient operations.
The missionaries, besides preaching the Gos-
pel, have established 15 free schools, in which
Hbout 700 children are instructed in the common
branches of education, and the principles of
Christianity. In addition to the free schools,
there is, at each station, a boarding school, consist-
ing of youths taken under the parental care of the
missionaries, supported by the bounty of benevo-
lent societies and individuals in America, and
bearing names selected b)' the respective donors.
In 1819, the number of pupils in the boarding
schools was 48 males and 9 females. In no part of
the heathen world, probably, can children be sup-
ported and educated so cheaply, as in this part of
Ceylon. The small sum of 12 dollars is consid-
ered sufficient for the entire support of one boy,
and boys can be obtained by the missionaries, to
the extent of the funds with which they may be
furnished.
C'ezimbra, s-p. Portugal, 10 m. W. Setuval.
Cesy, t. France, 3 m. N. W. Joigny.
Chabaquiddick, isl. Mass. off the E. end of Mar-
tha's vineyard.
Chabeuil, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Valence.
Chablais, a province of Savoy, with the title of
duchy, extending along the ^uthern bank of the
C H A
lake of Geneva, as far as the Valais to the east;
on the west it is bounded by the territory of Ge*
neva.
Chablisy t. France, 10 m. E. Auxerre.
Chabris, t. France, 6 m. S. Romorantin.
Chacao, port, in the island of Chiloe, S. Amer-
ica, on the narrow channel between the island
and the main land. Lat. 42,° 10' S.
Chacewater, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 5 m. W,
Truro.
Chachapoias, province, Peru, bounded E. by the
eastern ridges of the Andes, N. W. by Luya and
Chillaos, and W. by Caxamarca.
Chackloole Bay, N. VV. coast of America, S. of
Norton sound, between Cape Denbigh and Besbo-
rough island.
Chacky, or Fort Hastings, fortified t. Hind, in
Bahar. Lon. 86° 25' E. Lat. 24° 33' N.
Chaco, an extensive country of S. America,
included within the limits of the viceroyalty of
Buenos Ayres; bounded N. by the country of the
Chiquitos Indians ; E. by the Paraguay ; S . and
W. by the Spanish provinces of the viceroyalty.
It is 750 miles long from N. to S. and 450 broad ;
and consists of one immense plain, watered by the
rivers Pilcomayo, Vermejo, and Salado. This
country is inhabited by uncivilized Indians, whom
all the efforts of the Spanish missionaries have
failed to reclaim from barbarity.
Chaclaws. See Choctaws.
Cliadenar, t. France, 4 m. fr. Pons.
ChaMerton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. from
Man Chester. Pop. 4, 1 3^.
Chxronea. See Caprmiu.
Chagaing, city, of the Birman empire, on the
N. bank of the Irrawuddy river, opposite Ava.
Lon. 96° E. Lat. 21° 54' N.
Chagford. See Chegford.
Chagny, t. France, i 1 m. N. by W, Chalons-suJ'
Saone.
Chagre, a navigable river, of S. America, in
the province of Panama, which falls into the
ocean, 30 m. W. S. W. Portobello, in lat. 9° 18' N.
Lon. 80° 16' W. It is navigable for large barks
as far as Cruces, where there is a wharf for un-
loading, and where the royal custom-house is eg-
tablished. The greater part of the cominerce
between Portobello and Panama, is conducted by
this river.
Chagrine, r, Ohio, runs into lake Erie, N. E. of
Cleveland.
Clmgrine, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake
Erie.
Chahaignes, t. France, 5 m. N, E. Chateau-^u-
Loir.
Chaia, r. Siberia, runs into the Obc.
Chaibar, strong t. Arabia, 152 m. N. E. Medina,
Chaillac, t, France, 12 m. S. S. W. Argenton.
Chailland, t. France, 12 m. N. Laval.
Chailland, t. Langucdoc, 13 m. N. W. Privas.
Chaille les Marais, t. France, 11 m. S. W, Fon-
tenay le Comte.
Chailles saus les Ormeaux, t. France, 10 m. E.
Sable.
Chaillevette, t. France, 5 m. S. Marennes.
Chaingy, t. France, 5 m. W. Orleans. "*
Chain Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 145° 50' W,
Lat. 17° 23' S.
Chain-Shot Island, near the coast of N. C. Lon.
76° 35' W. Lat. 34° 55' S.
Chaise Dieu, La, t. France, 12 m. E. Brionde.
Chalabre, t. France, 14 m, S. W. Limoux.
C H A
CJhalais, t. France, 5 m. W. Aubeterre.
Chalamont, t. France, 15 m. S. Bourg-en-
Bresse.
Chalaimz, or Jahalawar, a district of Hind, in
the province of Gujerat.
Chalco, t. Mexico, 18 m. S. E. Mexico.
Chaldea, in Sac. Geog. a country of Asia, be-
tween 30° and 35^^ N. lat. and 45° and 49° E. Ion.
In its largest sense, it was bounded E. by the Ti-
gris, N. by Mesopotamia, W. by Arabia Deserta,
S. by the Persian gulf and Arabia-Felix. Ur and
Carchemish were among its cities.
Clialeurs-Bay, a large bay between New Bruns-
wick and Lower Canada, communicating with the
gulf of St. Lawrence.
Chalgrove Field, Eng. in Oxfordshire.
Chaligjiy, t. France, 5 m. S. W. Nancy.
Chalin, r. Russia, flows into the Karskoi sea.
Lon.71°14'E. Lat. 73° 5' N.
Chalk level, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Chalin, t. France, 15 m. W. Angers.
Chalmers, Port, Montague island, in Prince
William's sound. Lon. 213° 22' E. Lat. 60°
16' N.
Chalo, r. Asia, rises near Lassa, and empties
into the gulf of Cochin China, opposite the isl-
and of Hainan.
Chalonne, t. France, on the Loire, 12 m. S. W.
Angers. Pop. 5,000.
Chalons, t. France, on the Marne, cap. of Marne.
There are here woollen manufactures and tanne-
ries. The principal objects of trade are corn and
wine ; 25 m. S. E. Rheims, 103 E. Paris. Lon. 4°
22' E. Lat. 48° 57' 16" N. Pop. 11,000.
Chalons, t. France, on the Saone. It is the see
»f a bishop; 170 m. N. Lyons, 214 S. E.Paris.
Lon. 4° 51' 8" E. Lat. 46° 46' 53" N. Pop. 9,000.
Chaloo, V. Thibet. Lon. 89° 15' E. Lat. 28°
18' N.
Chains, t. France, 17 m. S. W. Limoges.
Cham, t. Bavaria, 24 m. N. E. Ratisbon.
Cham, or Kahm, v. Switzerland, 7 m. S. Zug.
Chamqh, t. Gold coast of Africa. Lat. 5"^ 5' N.
ChambaJi, district Hind, in Lahore, about 33°
N. lat. Chambah, the cap. is 110 m. N. E. La-
hore.
Chambave, t. Piedmont, 51 m. S. E. Aosta.
Chamberri, t. cap. ofthe duchy of Savoy, is situ-
ated in a fruitful valley at the conflux of the L'-
Aisse and D' Albans, 35 m. E. S. E. Geneva, 55 E.
Lyons. Lon. 5° 55' E. Lat. 45° 34' N. Pop.
11,670.
Chambersburg, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Pa. on
Conococheaque creek ; 46 m. S. W. Harrisburg,
143 W. Philadelphia, 30 S. W. Carlisle, 76 N. W.
Baltimore. Lon. 77° 32' W. Lat. 39° 57' N.
Pop. in 1818, 2,304. The situation is healthy,
and the surrounding country rich and highly cul-
tivated. It contains a courthouse and jail, a bank,
an academy, and 7 houses of public worship. The
town is built principally on two large streets, in-
tersecting each other at right angles, and leaving
a public square in the centre. On the creek there
are several mills and manufacturing establish-
ments.
Chamberlin, v. France, 6 m. S. Dijon.
Chambly or Chamblis, t. France, 3 m. N. W.
Beaumont sur Oise.
Chambly, seignory, in Kent and Bedford cos.
Lower Canada, on the river Sorelle, 12 m. E. Mon-
treal. Here is a fort, and a village of about 100
houses.
Chambly Ricp: See Sorelk.
e H A
16t
Chambon, t. France, 3 m. W. Evaux ; one, 6
S. W. St. Etienne.
Chambord, v. France, in Loir and Cher, 10 m.
E. Blois. Lon. 1° 30' E. Lat. 47° 37' N.
Chambre, La, t. Savoy, 5 m. N. W. St. Jean de
Maurienne.
Chambrois, t. Normandy, 5 m. W. Bernay.
Chamelel, t. France, 9 m. W. Villefranche.
Chambouni, or Chamoix, v. Savoy, 42 m. S. E.
Geneva.
Champagnac, t. France, 5 m. E. S. E. Roche-
Chouart ; one, 5 m. N. E. Mauriac.
Champagne, formerly a province in the E. of
France. 'The chief products are corn, and tlie
famous wine, called Champagne ; and the pastur-
age in some places is excellent. It now forms the
whole of the departments of the Ardennes, the
Marne, the Upper Marne, and the Aube, and the
greater part of those of the Yonne and the Seine-
and-Mame.
Champagne, t. France, 6 m. S. E. Lucon ; one,
12 m. N, W. Le Mans ; one, 10 m. N. Belley ;
one, 10 m. N. Riberac.
Champagne Mouton, t. France, 14 m. W. Con-
folens.
Champagnole, t. France, 14 m. S. E. Poligny.
Champagny''s Archipelago, islands on the N. W.
coast of New Holland.
Champah, the name of a pass through the moun-
tains, between Bahar and Bengal, in Hind. Lon.
85°20'E. Lat. 24° 30' N.
Champaign, co. Ohio, on Mad river, a branch
of the Miami. Pop. in 1815, 10,485. Chief town,
Urbanna.
Champaneer, district. Hind, bounded N. by Go-
dra, E. by the territories of the Mahratta, S. by
Narbudda river, and W. by Baroach. CJiampa-
neer, the cap. is in lon. 73° 37' E. lat. 22° 31'
N.
Champdeniers, t. France, 10 m. N. Niort.
C/utmpenieres, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Angou-
leme.
Champeon, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Mayenne.
Champigny sur Fende, t. France, 7 m. S. Chi-
non.
Champion, p-t. JefTerson co. N. Y. on Black
river, at the head of the Long falls ; 52 m. N.
Rome, 161 N. W. Albany. Pop, 1,471.
Champion, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. N. War-
ren.
Champion, the principal v. in Paincsvillc,
Ohio.
Champlain, p-t. and port of entry, Clinton co.
N. Y. on Lake Champlain, 15 m. N. Plattsburg.
185 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,210. It is watered by
the Chazy, and contains numerous mills.
Champlain, Lake, between New- York and Ver-
mont. Its whole length from Whitehall, at it?
southern extremity, to its termination, 24 milos
N. ofthe Canada line, is 128 miles ; its bi-eadth
varies from half a mile to 16 miles. Its surface
covers about 600 square miles. The principal
streams which flow into it from the east, are the
Missisque, Lamoil, Onion, and Otter creek ; those
from the west are the Chazy, Saranac, Sable, the
waters of Lake George, and Wood Creek. The
whole extent of country drained by these water?,
is between 6 and 7,000 sq. miles. There are sev-
eral large islands in the northern part ofthe lake,
the principal of which are, North and South He-
ro, and Isle Lamotte. The outlet of the lake i?
the river Sorelle^ which runs N. into the St, Law-
168
C H A
rence. About 800 tons of shipping are employed
on the lake, owned principally at Burlin^on, and
in the summer season a steamboat plies from
Whitehall to St. John's through its whole length.
A battle was fought on tliis lake on the 11th of
Sept. 1P>14, in which the American fleet, under
Commodore Macdonough, gained a complete vic-
tory over the British.
Chrimplitle, t. France, 27 m. W. Vesoul.
Champos, t. France, 17 m. N. E. Mauriac.
Chamusca, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 9 m. E.
Santareno.
Chamuti, r. Naples, 6 m. S. S. E. Gierace.
Chanac, t. France, 7 m. S. W. Mende.
Chanamiinimuns, Indians, Columbia-river coun-
try, on the S. W. side of Wappatoo island. No. 280.
Ckanca, r. falls into the Guadiana between
Portugal and Andalusia.
Chancay, province of Peru, bounded N. by
Santa, N. E. and N. by Caxatambo, E. by Canta,
and S. by Cereado. Chancay, the cap. is 45 m.
N. W. Lima.
Chanceaux, t. France, 18 m. N. W. Dijon.
Chanceford, p-t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of
the Susquehannah, opposite the mouth of Conos-
togo creek. Pop. 966.
Chanreford, {Lower) t. York co. Pa. Pop. 818.
Chancdade, t. France, 3 m. N. W. Perigueux.
Chandail, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between
24° and 25° N. lat.
Chandanee, district. Hind, in Lahore. Chan-
danee, the cap. is in lat. 33° 24' N. Ion. 74° 41'
E.
Chandekur Islands, in the gulf of Mexico, near
the coast of W. Florida. Lon. 88° 48' to 88° 58'
W. Lat. 29° 30' to 29° 45' N.
Chandercoona, t. Hind, in Bengal. Lon. 87°
38' E. Lat. 22° 44' N.
Chandergheri, t. Hind. 15 m. S. Mangalore.
ChandergvMge, t. Hind, in Bengal. Lon. 91°
20' E. Lat. 22° 55' N.
Ckandemagore, or Fransdunga, the principal
settlement of the French in Bengal. It is on the
W. banks of the Hoogly, 21 m. above Calcutta,
in lat. 22° 49' N. lon. 88° 26' E.
Chandgberry, t. and district of Hind. 72 m. W.
N. W. Madras.
Chandgherry, t. Hind. 108 m. N. N. W. Serin-
gapatam.
Clmndhrsville. See Jonesborough.
Chandor, t. Hind. 80 m. N. W. Aurungabad.
Chandra-Gupti, t. and fort of Hind. Lon. 75° 8'
E. Lat. 14° 23' N.
Chandree, district and t. Hind, in Malwa. The
town contains about 14,000 houses, and is on the
river Betwali, in lon. 78° 43' E. lat. 24° 48' N.
Changamah, t. Hind. 100 ro. S. W. Madras.
Changapravg, t. Thibet. Lon. 86° 62' E. Lat.
31° 6' N.
Change, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Le Mans ; one, 3
m. N. Laval.
Chang-tong, a province of China, bounded W.
and N. by the province of Pe-tche-li, S. byKiang-
nan, E. by the Eastern sea, and N. E. by the gulf
of Pe-tche-li. Pop. 24,000,000. Lat. 34° 30' to
38° N.
Changy, t. France, 11 m. N. W. Roanne.
Chanmanning, t. Thibet, 116 m. VV. Lassa.
Lon. 89° 20' E. Lat. 30° 54' N.
Channel, English, that part of the Atlantic
ocean which divides England from France.
Chanonat, t, France, 6 ra. S. Clermont.
C H A
Chanonry, t. Scotland, united with Rosemar-
kie, forms Fortrose.
Chan-si, a province of China, bounded E. by
Pe-tche-li, S. by Honan, W. by Chen-si, and N.
by the great wall of China.
Chantagir, r. Siberia, run^ into the Euesei. Lat
51° 50' N.
Chant elk le Chateau, t. France, 10 m. N. W.
Gannat.
Chantenay, t. France, 15 m. W. S. W. Le
Mans.
Chantilly, t. France, in Oise, 5 m. W. Senlis, 25
N.Paris. "Pop. 2,930.
Chantonnay, t. France, 12 m. W. La Chataig-
naraye.
Chantrigne, t. France, 9 m. N. Mayenne.
Chao-tcheou-fou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-tong, or Canton, 232 m. fr. Canton.
Chaource, t. France, 9 m. W. Bar sur Seine.
Chapala, lake, Mexico, 54 miles long, and 15
broad, 15 m. S. Guadalaxara.
Chapel Allerton. See AUerton Chapel.
Chapel-en-le-Friih, t. Eng. in Derbyshire. Pop.
3,042; 4im.fr. Buxton.
Chapel Hill, p-t. Orange co. N. C. on New-
Hope creek, which runs into the Haw, a branch
of Cape Fear river, 27 m. W. Raleigh. The situ-
ation is very healthy, in a high broken country.
It contains about 30 houses, besides the public
buildings.
Chapel Hill is the seat of the University of N.
Carolina, which was incorporated in 1788, and
has been liberally patronized by the State. The
donations of the State consist of all escheated prop-
erty, all real property which accrued to the State
by confiscation during the revolutionary war, and
all debts due to the State prior to Dec. Slst, 1800.
The trustees hold likewise, by the donation of in-
dividuals, 40 or 50,000 acres of the best arable
land in Tennessee. Much valuable land is also
held within the State of North Carolina. 'The
income of the stock in different banks is sufficient
to pay the salaries of the President and Faculty.
The college buildings consist of a chapel, and 2
spacious edifices for the accommodation of stu-
dents, all of brick, and dwelling houses for the
President and Faculty. The officers of the col-
lege in 1819, were a president, 4 professors, viz.
one of mathematics, one of chemistry, one of lan-
guages, and one of rhetoric ; and 2 tutors. No. of
students 118. Attached to the college is an acade-
my, in which the preparatory sttidies are pursued.
Chapclizod, v. Ireland, 2| m. W. Dublin.
Chapel Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon.
88° 40' W. Lat. 18° N.
Chapelle Jignon, t. France, 5 m. N. Ambert.
Chapelle d'Angillon, t. France, 20 ra. N. Bour-
Chapelle Aubry, La, t. France, 8 m. S. St. Flo-
rent.
Chapelle Basse, La, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Nan-
tes.
Chapelle Blanche, t. France, 3 m. fr. Bourgueil.
Chapman's Bay, S. Africa, between Table bay
and the Cape of Good Hope.
Chaptico, p-t. St. Mary's co. Md.
Char, r. Eng. empties at Charmouth.
Charabaun. See Cheribon.
Charadra, (an. Charadrus) r. Greece, traverses
the plain of Marathon, and falls into the sea.
Charak, (an. Seroff) t. Persia, in Laristan, on
the Persian gulf.
Charancy, t. France, 10 m. W. S. W. Longway.
C H A
C/iarapoio, t. Quito, 20 m. N. N. E. Monte
Christo.
Charasm, See Kharasm.
Charafan, 2 rivers, Howard co. Missouri, which
empty into the Missouri from the N. E. ; one, nav-
igable 50, and one, 100 miles.
Ckarcas, or Chityanta, a province of S. Ameri-
ca, in the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded
N. by Cochabamba, E. by Mizque, S. by Potosi,
and W. by the Andes The name Charcas, or
audience of Charcas, was formerly applied to a
much more extensive territory, in the northern
part of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres.
Chard, t. Eng. in Somerset, 15 m. S. Taunton.
Chardon, p-t, and cap. Geau^^a co. Ohio, 12 m.
S. E. from the mouth of Grand river, 160 N. E.
Columbus.
Charedsch. See Karak.
Charentcy (Carantonus) a large r. of France,
rises in Upper Vienne, and after a course of 100
miles, falls into the sea, about 8 m, below Roche-
fort, opposite the island of Oleron. It is naviga-
ble for large vessels to Rochefort.
Charente, La, a department of France, border-
ed by Lower Charente, Deux, Sevres, Vienne, Up-
per Vienne, and Dordogne. Pop. 327,000. Extent,
2,240 sq. miles. It is divided into the five arron-
dissements of Angouleme (the capital,) Cognac,
Barbezieux, Confolens, and Ruffee.
Charente, the Lower, or La Charente Inferieu-
re, a department of France, inclosed by the Atlan-
tic and the departments of Gironde, Dordogne,
Charente, Deux Sevres, and La Vendee. Sq. miles
2,800. Pop. 393,000.
Charenton, t. France, 4 m. S. E. Paris.
Cfiarette, p-t. Montgomery co. Missouri, on the
N. side of the Missouri, 40 m. above St. Charles.
Charia, or St. Jldrian v. Greece, in the Morea,
7 m, N. W. Argos.
Charje, principal village in the Elwah, or
Great Oasis of Egypt. Lon. 29° 40' E. Lat. 25°
50' N.
Charing, t. Eng. in Kent, 7 m. W. Ashford.
Charite, La, t. France, 13 m. N. N. W. Ne-
vers.
Chariton, t. Howard co. Missouri, on the N. side
of the Missouri, 20 m. AV, Franklin.
Charlcov, or Kharkof, t. Eu. Russia, cap. of the
government of Charkov. It contains 10 church-
es, 2 convents, and a university ; 350 m. S. W.
Moscow, 640 S. S. E. St. Petersburgh, Lon, 36°
26' 32" E. Lat. 49° 59' 43" N. Pop. 11,000.
Charkov, a government of Eu, Russia, bounded
N. by Kursk, E. by Voronetz, S, by Ekaterinos-
lav, and W, by Pultava ; Sq, miles, 13,000. Pop,
800,000.
Cttarlburg, t. Eng. in Oxford, 5 m. W. Wood-
atock-
Charlemont, t. Ireland, 8 m, N. Armagh.
Charlemont, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m, W.
Greenfield, 107 W, N, W. Boston, Pop, 987,
Charlemonte, strong t, France, 10 m, N. Me-
zi-^res, 24 S, W, Namur, Lon. 4° 50' E. Lat,
50° 7' N. Pop, 4,100,
Charleroy, t. and fortress of Netherlands, on the
Sambre, 10 m, E, N, E. Mons, Lon. 4° 32' E. Lat.
50° 26' N.
Charles, co. on the W. shore of Maryland, be-
tween Potomac and Patuxent rivers. Pop.
20,245. Slaves, 12,435. Chief town, Port To-
bacco.
Charles, Cape, on the coast of Labrador. liOn.
55° 20' W, Lat. 52° 25' N.
22
C H A
16f
Charles, Cape, Va. the N. cape at tlie entrance
of Chesapeake bay. Lon. 75° 50' W. Lat, 37^
15' N,
Charles city, co. Va, between James river and
the Chickahominy. Pop, 5,186, Slaves, 3,023.
The court-house, where is a post-office, is 35 m.
S, E, Richmond.
Charles Fort, Ireland, at the entrance of Kinsale
harbour.
Charles Island, in Hudson's Straits. Lon. 79*^
55' W. Lat. 62° 40' N.
Charles Island, in the straits of Magellan, 5 m,
S. S. W. Fortescue'sbay.
Charles river, Mass. flows between Charlestown
and Boston, and joins Mystic river in Boston har-
bor. Its principal branch issues from a pond bor-
dering on Hopkinton.
Cliarleston, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
Mohawk, 10 m. S. Johnstown, 40 W. Albany.
Pop. 5,282. It contains 4 houses of public wor-
ship.
Charleston, district, in the Lower country of S.
C. between Santee and Combahee rivers. Pop.
38,468. Slaves, 11,671.
Charleston, city and s-p. in Charleston district,
S. Carolina, 113 ra. N. E. Savannah, 113 S. S. E.
Columbia, 165 E. S. E. Augusta, 544 S. S. W.
Washington. Lon. 79° 54' Vf. Lat. 32° 47' N.
Pop. in 1790, 16,359; in 1800, 18,712; in 1810,
24,711 ; of whom 11,668 were whites, and 13,043
blacks.
It is built on the tongue of land between the
rivers Ashley and Cooper, Avhich unite immedi-
ately below the city, and form a spacious and con-
venient harbor, communicating with the ocean
at Sullivan's island, 7 miles S. E. of the city. The
harbor has a bar at its mouth, through which are
two channels for sea vessels ; the deepest has 16
feet of water at low tide. The harbor is defended
by fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's island, and forts
Pinkney and Johnson. — Among the public buil-
dings are a state-house, city hall, a custom-house,
theatre, orphan house, hospital, almshouse, 6
banks, and 18 houses of public worship ; viz. 3
Episcopalian, 3 Presbyterian, 3 Methodist, 2 In-
dependent or Congregational, 1 Lutheran, 1 Bap-
tist, 1 French Protestant, 1 Friends, 1 Roman
Catholic, a Jew's synagogue, and an Orphan-house
church. The Orphan Asylum has grown up from
small beginnings, to be the most respectable es-
tablishment of the kind on the continent. A large
and handsome building has been erected, suffi-
ciently spacious to accommodate 150 children. A
chapel is connected with this institution, where
all the christian clergy of the city perform divine
service in rotation. Among the other charitable
societies, are 2 for the relief of the widows and or-
phans of clergymen ; one of which is formed by
members of the Episcopal church, and the other
by those of the Independent church ; each of them
has large funds. — The Library Society have a
well chosen library of 13,000 volumes, which is
increased annually by an importation of books to
the amount of about 300/. sterling. — The city is
regularly laid out in parallel streets, from 25 to 70
feet in width, running from river to river, and in-
tersected by others at right angles. The new
houses are of brick, and many of them are ele-
gant. The commerce of Charleston is exten-
sive and flourishing. It imports the foreign
goods consumed in S. Carolina, a considerable
part of N. Carolina, and a part of Georgia, It is
connected by a caoal 2S iniies long, with Santee
fi^
C H A
river. In 1816 it was the fifth town in tiie United
States, in amount of shipping, the number of tons
being 36,473. The city is regarded as more
healthy than any part of the low country in the
Southern States, and during the sickly months is
the resort of ricli planters from the country, and
the West Indies. The citizens of Charleston hare
ever been distinguished for polished manners and
unaffected hospitality.
Charleston, p-t. and cap. Clarke co. Indiana, 33
m. fr. Madison, 2 fr. Ohio river, and 14 above the
falls. Pop. about 1,500.
Charlestown, v. Scotland, 14 m. N. W. Edin-
burgh.
Charlestoun, Ji'ew, t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 20
m. N. W. Bangor.
Charlcsiotcn, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Con-
necticut river, 41 m. W. Concord, 30 m. S. Dart-
mouth college, 80 W. by N. Portsmouth. Lon.
72° 19' W. Lat.43oi4' N. Pop. 1,501. The
courts of the county are held alternately here and
at Keene. It contains a court-house and jail, and
a Presbyterian meeting-house. The village is
handsomely built. There is a bridge here across
the river.
Charlestoicn, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 m. N. of
Boston. Pop. 4,959. The principal part of the town
is beautifully situated on a peninsula, formed by
Mystic and Charles rivers, which unite immedi-
ately below in Boston harbor. A bridge across
Charles river connects the town with Boston, and
two others across Mystic river, connect it with
Maiden, and with Chelsea. There is also a bridge
across a bay of Charles river, on the west side of
the town, connecting it with Cambridge. The
public buildings are, the state prison, the Massa-
chusetts Insane hospital, an alms-house, town-
house, and 5 houses for public worship, 2 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Universal-
ists, and 1 for Methodists. — A navy-yard of the
U. S. occupies the S. E. part of the town. It con-
sists of about 60 acres of land, on which are erect-
ed a marine hospital, a spacious ware-house, an
arsenal, powder magazine, and house for the ac-
commodation of the superintendant, all of brick ;
and an immense wooden edifice, under which the
largest vessels of war are built. The celebrated
battle of " Breed'' s hill,'''' commonly, but incorrect-
ly called "Bunker Hill battle," was fought in
this town, June 17, 1775.
Charlestown, p-t. Washington co. R. I. on the
sea coast, 19 m. S. W. Newport. Pop. 1,174. Here
are the remains of the once famous Narraganset
tribe of Indians. They are reduced to about 400
souls, who have a Baptist church and a school.
Charleslovm, p-t. Chester co. Pa. on the W.
side of the Schuylkill, 7 m. above Norristown.
Pop. 1,580.
Charlestoicn, p-t. Jefferson co. Va. 20 m. N. E.
Winchester, 8 S. Shepherdstown, 63 fr. W^ashing-
ton.
Charlestoicn, t. Kenhawa co. Va. on the Kenha-
wa, near the mouth of Elk river.
Charlestoicn, Va. See Wellsburg.
Charlestoicn, t. Mason co. Ken. on the Ohio, at
the mouth of Laurens' creek, 6 m. N. Washing-
ton, 60 N. E. Lexington. Pop. 21.
Charlestoun, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. W. Ra-
venna.
Cliarlestown, chief t. of the island of Nevis, in
the W. Indies. Lon. 62° 40' W. Lat. 17° 8' N.
Charleville, t. France, on the Maese, iu Arden-
C H A
nes. Here is ofie of the 5 great manufactories of
arms in the kingdom ; 10 m. N. W. Sedan, 140 N.
E. Paris. Lon. 4^48' E. Lat, 49° 47' N. Pop.
7,700.
Charleville, t. Ireland, 22 m. S. Limerick.
Charlieu, t. France, 11 m N. Roanne.
Charlotte, co. New-Brunswick ; bounded S. by
the bay of Fundy, and W. by the St. Croix and
Passamaquoddy bay, which separate it from
Maine. Chief town, St. Andrews.
Charlotte., p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake
Champlain, 12 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 1,679.
Charlotte, p-v. in Gates, Genessee co. N. Y. at
the mouth of the Genesee.
Charlotte, co. Va. on the head waters of the
Staunton river, S. W. of Richmond. Pop. 13,161.
Slaves, 7,597. Chief town, Marysville. A post-
office is kept at the court-house.
Charlotte, p-t. and cap. Mecklenburghco. N.C.
44 m. S. Salisbury.
Charlotte, p-t. and cap. Dickson co. Ten. about
30 m. W. Nashville.
Charlotteburg, t. Brunswick co. N. C. on an isl-
and near the coast.
Charlotte fort, S. Cat the junction of Tugaloo
and Broad rivers, the forks of Savannah river.
Lon. 82° 35' W. Lat. 34° N.
Charlotte hall, p-v. St. Msgry's co. Md. 55 m. S.
S. E. Washington.
Charlotte River, E. Florida, runs into the gulf
of Mexico. Lat 27° N.
Charlottenburg, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark
of Brandenburg, on the Spree, 3 m. W. Berlin.
Pop. 2,350.
Charlotte'' s Bay, on the S. E. coast of Nova
Scotia. Lat. 44°"^ 35' N.
Charlotte's Town, t. Island of St. John, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence. ■
Charlottesville, p-t. and cap. Albemarle co. Va.
86 m. W. N. W. Richmond, 40 S. E. by E. Staun-
ton, about 1 m. N. Rivanna river. A college was
established atCliarlottesvilleinl8l7,called Central
college. It forms part of a grand plan of education
recently adopted in the Stateof Virginia. The buil-
dings are not yet completed, but they are said to
surpass, in elegance of design, and beauty of archi-
tecture, every thing on this side of the Atlantic.
See Virginia.
Charlottevilley t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, on
lake Erie.
Charlton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 15 m. S. W.
Worcester, 60 S. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,180.
Charlton, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W. Balls-
ton, 25 N. W. Albany, Pop. 1,946.
Charlton Island, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80° W.
Lat. 52° 12' N.
Charmes, t. France, 15 m. S. Nancy.
Charmont, t. France, 14 m. N. E. Vitry.
Charmouth, v. Eng. in Dorset^ 3 m. E. Lyme-
Regis.
Chamet, r. Eng. flows into the Dove.
Charolles, t. France, 21 m. E. S. E. Bourbon-
Lancy.
Charon, t. France, 9 m. N. Rochefort.
Charon, r. Up. Canada, runs into lake Superior. .
Lon. 85° W.
Charost, t. France, 7 m. N. E. Issoudun.
Charroux, t. France, 24 m. S. Poitiers ; one, S
m. N. W. Gannat.
Chartier^s creek. Fa. runs into the Ohio, from
the S. 5 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for
boats to Morganza ia its forks.
C H A
C H A
17i
Charire mr le Loire, La, t. France, 14 m. S. by
W. St. Calais.
Chartres, t. France, cap. of Eure and Loire. It
stands in a fruitful plain, on the Eure, which di-
cides it into two parts. The cathedral is account-
ed one of the finest edifices of the kind in France.
38 m. N. W. Orleans, 50 S. W. Paris. Lon. 1^
19' 20" E. Lat. 48° 26' 54" N. Pop. 13,000.
Chari/hdis, a celebrated whirlpool in the Faro
di Messina, between the coasts of Calabria and
Sicil)', opposite the still more formidable rock of
Scylla, and 6 miles from Capo Bianco.
Chassair, or Kussair, v. Morocco, 180 m. S. E.
Fez.
Chasselay, t. France, 6 m. N. W. Lyons.
Cliasseneuil, t. France, 6 m. E. La Rochefou-
cault.
Chassiron, Tower of, a light-house on the N.
point of the island of Oleron. Lon. 1° 21' 42" W.
Lat, 46° 2' 1" N.
Chastellar, t. Savoy, 9 m. N. E. Chamberry.
Chata-hatch, a large r. W. Florida, falls into
the gulf of Mexico, in St. Rose's bay, by several
moutits. It is onlv navigable for canoes. Lon.
84° 46' W. Lat. 30° 24' N.
Chatahoochee, r. Geo. rises in the N. part of the
state, and running S. by Fort Mitchel, joins Flint
river, to form the Apalachicola.
Chatahoofspa, r. W. Florida, runs into the Chata-
hoochee. Lat. 31° 43' N.
Chalaiska, r. Siberia, runs into the Enesei, 156
m. N. Turucharsk.
Chatanga, r. Russia, runs into the Frozen sea.
Lat. 74° 40' N.
Cliafauque lake, inChatauque Co. N. Y. 18 miles
long, and 3 broad. It discharges its waters by a
navigable stream, into Conewango creek. From
the N. W. corner, there is a portage of 9 miles to
Dunkiik on lake Erie. The French formerly
made use of this communication between the
Lakes and Ohio river.
Chalauque, co. N. Y. bounded N. W. by lake
Erie, E. by Catarangus co. S. by Pennsylvania,
and W. by Ohio. Pop. 2,381. Chief town, Cha-
tauque.
Chatauque, p-t. and cap. Chatauque co. N. Y.
30 m. S. W. Buffalo. Pop. 1,039.
Chateau-Arnoux, t. France, 7 m. S. Sisteron.
Chaleau-Bourg, t. France, 10 m. W. Vitre.
Chateaubriand, t. France, 32 m. N. Nantes.
Pop. 3,000.
Chateau-Cambresis, fortified t. France, 15 m. S.
E. Cambray. Lon. 3° 32' 56" E. Lat 50° 6' 15"
N. Pop. 4,000.
Chateau-Chalon, t. Francs, 5 m. N. Lons le
Saulnier.
Cfiateau-Chinon, X. France, 30 m.E. Nevers.
Chateau-Dauphin, strong castle ,of Piedmont,
in a pass leading into Dauphiny, 30 m. S. S. W.
Turin. Lon. 7° 10' E. Lat. 44° 33' N.
Chateaudun, or Dim sur Loire, ancient t.
France, 27 m. N. W. Orleans. Lon. 1° 25' E.
Lat. 48° 4' N. Pop. 6,000.
Chateau Giron, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Rennes.
Pop. 1,,500.
Chateau Gontier, t. France, in Mayenne, on
the river Mayenne, 22 m. N. W. Angers. Pop.
5,600.
Chateaugay, r. rises in the state of New York,
and runs into Lower Canada, where it falls into
the St. Lawrence, at lake St. Louis. A battle
•vras fought on the banks of this river between
the Americans and Canadians, on the 2Gth Oct.
1813.
Chateaugay, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 13 m.
S. W. Montreal.
Chateaugay, p-t Franklin co. N. Y. 10 m. E.
Malone. Pop. 767.
Chateaugay, p-v. Clinton co. N. Y.
Chateau Landon, t. France, 50 m. S. Paris.
Chatcau-lin, t. France, on the Auzon, 15 ni. N.
Quimper.
Chateau du Loire, t. France, 135 m. S. W.
Paris.
Chateau-MciUant, t. France, 18 m. S. W. St.
Amand.
Chateau JVeuf, t. France, in lUe and Vilaine, 7
m. S. St. Malo ; one, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 m. E.
E. S. E. Mareigny ; one, in Cote d' Or, 17 m. S.
W.Dijon; one, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. S. E.
Limoges ; one, in Var, 60 m. N. E. Toulon ; one,
1 8 m. N. Nevers ; one, 7 ra. N. Avignon ; one, on
the Charente, 10 m. W. S. W. Angouleme ; one,
in Cher, 12 m. N. W. St. Amand ; one, in Finis-
terre, 12 m. E. Chateau-Lin ; one, on the Loire,
12 m. E. Orleans ; one, 9 m. N. Avignon ; one, in
Lozere, 12 m. N. E. Mende; one, on the Rhone,
opposite Viviers ; one, on the Sarthe, in lon. 0°
25' W, Lat. 47° 41' N. ; one, in Eure-and-Loire,
50 m. W. S. W. Paris.
Chateau Poinsac, t. France, 18 m. N. Limoges.
Chateau Portien, t France, 25 m. S. W. Me-
zieres.
Chateau Renard, t. France, 12 m. N. E. Taras-
con ; one, 8 m. E. S. E. Montargis ; one, 18 m. N.
N. E. Tours; one, 10 m. N. W. Sedan.
Chatcauraix, t. France, on the Indre, cap. of
Indre. Here is a considerable woollen manufacto-
ry. Pop. 8,420. 150 ra. S. W. Pai-is. Lon. 1^
50' E. Lat. 46° 48' 45" N.
Chateau-Salins, t. France, 13 m. N. E. Nancy.
Chateau Thierry, t. France, on the Marne, in
Aisne. Pop. 4,080. 38 m. S. W. Laon, 55 N. W.
Paris. Lon. 3° 29' E. Lat. 49° 3' N.
Chateau Villain, t. France, 10 m. S. W. Chau-
mont ; one, 17 m. E. Vienne.
Chateldon, t. France, 8 m. N. Thiers.
Chatelet, t. Netherlands, 24m. E. by N. Mons ;
one, 6 m. N. N. E. Chateau Meillant ; one, 9 m.
E. S. E. Melun.
Chatellerault, t. France, on the Vienne, across
which is one of the finest bridges in France. 35
m. S. W. Tours. Pop. 8,200.
ChatJiam, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway^
adjoining Rochester, of which it is considered h
suburb. Here there is a fine naval arsenal, dis-
posed in vast magazines and warehouses, which
contain every kind of stores, and where all the
operations necessary for the most extensive naval
architecture are carried on. The dock-j'ard, in-
cluding tlie ordnance wharf, is about a mile long.
Cables 100 fathoms long, and 25 inches in circum-
ference, are made here. Above 20 forges are con-
stantly at work, and anchors are fabricated near-
ly 5 tons in weight. Chatham is well defended,
and with the excejition of Portsmouth, may now
be considered as the most complete and regular
fortress in the British islands. Pop. 12,652. 30
ra. E. London.
Chatham, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
from Thames river, to lake St. Clair.
Chatham, t. York co. Lower Canada, on the N,
side of Ottawa river.
172
C H A
CHE
Chatham, t. Northumberland co. New Bruns-
wick, on Miramachi river. It is well situated for
carryings on the timber trade, and contains a
handsome Presbyterian church, built at an ex-
pense of 1,400/.
Chatham, t. Coos co. N. H. 64 m, N. N. E. Con-
cord. Pop. 201.
Chatham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. on the S.
point of the elbow of Cape Cod,20m. E. Barnstable.
Lon. CQ'^ 50' VV. Lat. 41° 42' N. Pop. 1,334. Its
harbor has 20 (tet water at low tide. The inhabi-
tants are employed chiefly in the fisheries. Many of
the shipwrecks on Cape Cod, happen at this place.
Chatham, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. side of
Connecticut river, opposite Middletown. Pop.
3,258. Ship-building- has long been an important
business in this town, and several vessels of war
for the United States' service have been built
here. Here are also the noted and very valuable
quarries of free stone, called Connecticut stone. A.
large quantity of this stone, prepared for market,
is sold in the neighborhood, or exported to distant
parts of the country.
Chatham, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. 18 m. N. E.
Hudson, 21 S. E. Albany. Pop. 3,381.
Chatham, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on the Passaic,
13 m. N. W. Elizabetlitown. Pop. 2,019.
Chatham, p-t. Chester co. Pa.
Chatham, a central co. N. C. Pop. 12,977.
Slaves, 3,635. Chief town, Pittsburg.
Chatham, p-t. Chesterfield district, S. C. on
the VV. side of Great Pedee river, 101 m. fr. Co-
lumbia. It is well situated for trade, the river
being navigable to this place.
Chatham, co. in the eastern district of Geo. on
the sea coast, between Savannah and Ogechee
rivers. Chief t. Savannah. Pop. 13,540. Slaves,
9,748.
Chatham four-corners, p-r. Columbia co. N. Y.
Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lat.
- of the N. point, 43° 43' S. Lon. 183° 2' E.
Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
172° 18' W. Lat. 13° 32' S.
Chatham, or Punjo Bay, on the S. W. coast of
E. Florida. Lat. 25° 30' "N.
Chatham Strait, a channel on the W. coast of
N. America. It divides King George the Third's
Archipelago from Admiralty island. Lat. 58° N.
Lon. 134° W.
Chatian-hay, an English settlement, on the
coast of Labrador, 200 or 300 m. S. Hopedale.
Chatillon, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. E. Aosta ; one,
4 m. S. S. W. Paris ; one, in Savoy, 15 m. N.
Chamberry.
Chatillon sur Die, t. France, 30 m. S. E. Va-
lence.
Chatillon les Dombes, t. France, 12 m. S. W.
Bourg en Bresse.
Chatillon sur Indre, t France, 10 m. S. S. E.
Loches.
Chatillon sur Loing, t. Franco, 40 m. E. Or-
leans.
Chatillon sur Loire, t. France, 14 m. N. E. Au-
big'ny.
Chatillon sur Marne, t. France, 18 m. S. W.
Rheims.
thatillon sur Saone, t. France, 9 m. S. E. La
Marche.
Chatillon sur Seine, t France, 24 m. E, Ton-
ncrre. Lon. 4° 36' E. Lat. 47° 51' N. Pop.
3,700.
Chatre, La, t. France on the Indre, 18 m. S. S.
E. Chateauroux. Pop. 4,000.
Chatteris, v. Eng. 1 1 m. W. N. W. Ely.
Chatterpore, citv. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon.
79°53'E. Lat. 24^ 57' N.
Chatterton. See Chadderton.
Chaudies Aigues, t. France, 12 m. S. W. St.
Flour.
Chaudiere, r. Lower Canada, rises in lake Me-
gantic, and after a northerly course of 102 miles,
falls into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. above Quebec.
It is not navigable owing to numerous rapids and
falls, of which the most remarkable are those call-
ed the Chaudiere Falls, about 4 miles from its
mouth. The scenery which accompanies the cat-
aract of Chaudiere, is beautiful and romantic be-
yond description.
Chaudron, t. France, 17 m. S. W. Angers.
Chaves, (?Ln.JlquceFlavioe.,) t. Portugal, in Tras<-
los Montes, 30 m. W. Braganza.
Chavffailles, t. France, 17 m. S. CharoUes.
ChavJku7ida. See Kakundy.
Chaul, t. Hind. 18 m. S. Bombay.
Chaulnes, t. France, 7 m. S. W. Peronne ; one
20 m. E. S. E. Paris.
Chaumont, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Beauvais.
Chaumont, t. France, in Loire, 22 m. S. S. W.
Lyons. Pop. 5,000.
Chaumont, p-t. in Brownville, Jefferson co. N.
Y. on Chaumont bay, in lake Ontario.
Chaumont en Bassigny, t. France, 147 m. S. E.
Paris. Lon. 5° 14' E. Lat. 48° 6' 13" N. Pop.
6,000.
Chauny, t. France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 65 m.
N.N.E. Paris. Pop. 4,400.
Chaux de Fonds, la, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N. N.
W. Neufchatel.
Chayanta. See Charcas.
Chazy, rivers. Big and Little, Clinton co. N. Y.
run into lake Champlain, in the town of Cham-
plain.
Chazy, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y. on lake Cham-
plain, adjoining Plattsburg, 186 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 1,466.
Cheadle, t. Eng. 15 m. N. E. Stafford, Pop.
3,191.
Cheadle Moseley, t. Eng. in Chester, 3 m. S. W.
Stockport.
Cheat, r. Va. runs into the Monongahela, 3 or 4
miles within the Pennsylvania line. It is naviga-
ble for boats, except in dry seasons, and there is a
portage of 37 miles to the Potomac.
Chebacco, a parish of Ipswich, Essex co. Mass.
where tlie small boats csdled Chebacco boats, are
built.
Chebar, in Sac. Geog. r. which flows into the
Euphrates, at Carchemish.
Chebucto Bay, on the S. E. coast of Nova Sco-
tia. Lon. 63° 31' W. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Checo. See Cachao.
Chedabucto, or Milford Haven, on the E. coast
of Nova Scotia, at the mouth of the gut of Canso.
Lon. 61° 10' W. Lat. 45° 25' N.
Chedbau, or Cheduba, isl. in the bay of Bengal.
Lon. 93° 38' E. Lat. 18° 51' N.
Chedder, v. Eng. 7 m. N. W. Wells.
Cheego Muddy, t. Hind, at the mouth of the
Caggar, in lat. 23° 5' N. 22 m. S. W. Booge-
booge.
Cheeks cross-roads, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten.
Cheeran, t. Hind, on the Ganges, 9 m. E. S. E.
Chupra.
Cheesapanny, t. and fort, in the Nepaul territD-
rics. Lon. 85° 30' E. Lat. 37° 23' N.
CHE
CHE
173
Chefunoti, r. Louisiana, falls into lake Ponchar-
train, at Madisonville. It is boatable 30 miles.
Chegford, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 13 m. W. Ex-
eter.
Chehaws Indians, 670 in number, on Flint river,
Geo. at the fork of Makulley creek.
CheUcttt, t. Abyssinia. Lon. 10° 37' 17" E. Lat.
13° 21' 34" N.
Chelm, i. Poland, 108 m. E. S. E. Warsaw.
Chemlsford, t. Ung. in Essex, at the confluence
of the Ciielmer and Cann, 22 m. W. Colchester,
29 E.London. Pop. 4,649.
Chelmsford, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass on the S.
side of the Merrimack, 26 m. N. W. Boston. Pop.
1,396. Middlesex canal opens into the Merri-
mack at this place, through several locks. Here
is a glass house, and extensive quarries of fine
granite, much used in building. Many houses in
Boston, the University hall at Cambridge, and
the elegant Presbyterian church at Savannah,
are built of this stone.
Chelsea, parish, Eng. in Middlesex, on the N.
side of the Thames, 1^ m. W. London. Here is
the great national asylum for decayed and maim-
ed soldiers '. Chelsea Hospital, being the noblest
building and one of the best foundations of the kind
in Europe. Connected with the hospital, is a
royal military asylum, founded in 1801, for the
education and maintenance of soldiers' children.
Pop. in 1«11, 18,262.
Cfietsea, p-t. and cap. Orange co. Vt. 37 m. N.
Windsor. Pop. 1,327.
Chelsea, t. Suffolk co. Mass. 3 m. N. E. Boston.
Pop. 594, There is a ferry from Boston across
the harbor to this place, and it is connected with
Charlestown by a bridge.
Chelsea landing, p-v. and port in Norwich,
New-London co. Ct. on the point of land between
Shetucket and Norwich rivers, the two branches
which form the Thames, 14 m. N. New-London.
Chelt, r. Eng. falls into the Severn.
Cheltenham, t. and parish Eng. in Gloucester,
chiefly celebrated for its medicinal waters, which
attract about 4,000 visitors to the place during
summer. Pop. of the parish 8,325. 10 m. E. N.
E. Gloucester, 94 N. W. London.
Cheltenham, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 783.
Cheka, t. Spain, 18 m. S. W. Segorbe,
Chemali, v. Natolia, 6 m. fr. the sea. It is gov-
erned by an aga, and contains some fragments of
antique marbles. About two miles distant, there
are hot springs, resorted to in cutaneous disorders.
Chemille, t. France, 10 m, N. E.Cholet.
Chemin, r. Indiana, runs N. and falls into Lake
Michigan.
Chemnitz, or Kemnits, t. Saxony, 36 m. W. S.
W. Dresden. Lon. 12° 60' E. Lat. 50° 45' N.
Pop. 9,900. Here are manufactured canvass, cot-
ton stockings, caps, and similar stuffs.
Chemnitz, t. Bohemia, 30 m. S. E. Dresden.
Chemung, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. S.. W.
Spencer, 198 fr. Albany. Pop. 683.
Chenail Ecarte, r. Up. Canada, falls into Lake
St. Clair.
Chenango river, N. Y. runs into the Susquehan-
nah from the N. 18 m. E. Owego, after a course
of about 90 miles.
Chenango, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Madison
CO. E. by Otsego, and Delaware cos. S. by Broome
CO. and W. by Broome and Cortlandt cos. Pop.
91,704. Chief town, Norwich.
Chenango, p-t. and cap, Broome co. N. Y. on the
E. branch of the Susquchannab, 40 m. fr. Nor-
wich, 148 W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,420. It con-
tains the village of Binghamton, in wliich are the
county-buildings.
Chenango forks, p-v. Broome co. N. Y.
Chenang'' point. See Binghamton.
Chtndi, V. Nubia, on the Nile, with about 250
houses. Lon. 33° 25' E. Lat. 16° 39' N.
Chen-si, province of China, bounded E. by the
river Hoang, which separates it from Chan-si, S. by
Se-tchuen and Hou-quang, N. by Tartary and the
great wall, and W. by the country of the Mon-
gols. Pop. 30,000,000.
Chen-yang, a district of Chinese Tartary, com-
prehending what was formerly called Leao-tong,
and bounded S. by the great wall of China.
Chen-yang, or Moukden, a city of Chinese Tar-
tary, cap. of the district of Chen-yang, in the
country of the Mantchew Tartars. 54 m. E. N,
E. Pekin. Lon. 122° 10' E. Lat. 41° 40' N.
Chepachet p-v. in Gloucester, Providence co..
R. I. It is a flourishing place, and contains seve-
ral mills on Chepachet creek. Gloucester bank
is in this village.
Chepeieas. See Chippeumys.
Chepido, t. Greece, on the E. coast of the island
of Paros.
Chepo, San Christoval de, t. S. America, 42 m.
N. E. Panama.
Chefstow, s-p. Eng. in Monmouth, on the Wye,
2 m. from its junction with the Severn. It carries
on considerable trade. Pop 2,581. 15 m. N.N.
W. Bristol.
Cher, r. France, which rises near Bellegarde,
and after a course of 150 miles, joins the Loire, a
little below Tours.
Cher, a department of France bounded N. by
Loiret, E. by Nievre, S. by Allier, W. by Indre-
and-Loire. Bourges is the capital. Pop. 228,000.
Cherac, t. France, 34 m. S. of Saintes.
Cherasco, t. Piedmont, at the conflux of the Ta-
naro and Stura. It is one of the strong holds of
Piedmont; it contains 7 churches within its
walls, and 3 without. 20 m. S. S. E. Turin. Lon.
7° 55' E. Lat. 44° 42' N. Pop. 1 1 ,200.
Cheraw, p-v. Darlington district, S. C. 52 m. fr.
Camden, 90 fr. Georgetown.
Cherbourg, an important seaport of France, on
the N. coast, at the bottom of a large bay, between
Capes La Hogue and Barfleur. It has long been
considered by the P^rench a station of great im-
portance in the navigation of the English channel,
and immense sums have been expended in improv-
ing the harbor. After several fruitless efforts, this
object was at length accomplished in 1813, by an
excavation, from the solid ground, of a harbor,
capable of containing 50 sail of the line. The ex-
cavation is 1,000 feet long, 770 wide, and 50 deep,
A wet dock of equal dimensions was commenced
by Bonaparte in 1813, and is now nearly comple-
ted, after having cost, along with the basin, a sum
of nearly five millions sterling. Cherbourg is 190
m. W. N. W. Paris. Lon. 1° 37' 3" W. Lat. 49*
38' 31" N. Pop. 10,400.
Cheribon, t. on the N. coast of Java, and capital
of a principality, situated at the bottom of a deep
bay. The principality is remarkably fertile in
timber, coffee, indigo, sugar and pepper. Lon.
108°35'E.Lat. 6°43. S.
Cherokee comer, p-v. Oglethorpe co. Geo.
Cherokees, a tribe of Indians inhabiting an ex-
tensive country, included within the chartered
limits of the States of Georgia, Alabama, and Ten-
nessee. They live thinly dispersed oyer the coim-
IT4
CHE
CHE
try, in log; cabins, not much inferior to those of
the whites in the neighbouring settlements. A
considerable number of whites reside in the na-
tion, and many have obtained all the privileges of
citizenship by marrying female natives. These
intermarriages have been so long practised, that
a considerable part of the tribe are of mixed blood.
The mixed breed can generally speak English, and
a few send their children to the white settlements
for education. As to their persons, the Cherokees
are well formed, andof agood appearance. Some
of them have as fine countenances as can easily be
found in any countFy. The children are almost
universally active and healthy, and as apt to learn
as the children of civilized people. Some of the
half-breeds have large plantations, which they
cultivate by the aid of slaves, but the full-blooded
Cherokees do not carry on agriculture with much
vigor. A few years since, the Cherokee country
embraced a territory of 23,520 square miles, and
the number of the tribe was 12,395. They
owned 6,519 horses, 19,165 black cattle, 1,037
sheep, 19,778 swine, 13 grist mills, 3 sawmills, 30
waggons, and 583 negro slaves ; the whole value
of which was estimated at 571,500 dollars. They
had besides, upwards of 500 looms and 500 ploughs.
Within a few years, a part of the Cherokees have
migrated to the country on the Arkansaw river,
on the W. side of the Mississippi, the government
of the U. S. having assigned them lands on that
river, in exchange for a part of the Cherokee coun-
try. In the treaty which was made on this occa-
sion, the government appropriated about 100,000
acres of the lands ceded by the Cherokees, for a
perpetual school fund, to be applied, under the
direction of the President of the United States, to
the instruction of Cherokees who remain on this
side of the Mississippi.
The Moravians have a missionary establish-
ment at Springplace, about 35miles from Brain-
erd. The American Board of Foreign Mis-
■ions established a mission among the Chero-
kees in 1817. Its principal seat is at Brainerd;
but schools have been established in various
parts of the nation. In 1820, numerous buildings
had been erected for the accommodation of the
mission, a farm of 60 acres was under cultivation,
and more than 200 pupils were receiving instruc-
tion in the various schools. Besides being taught
reading, writing, arithmetic, and the principles of
Christianity, the children are instructed in the
most useful arts of civilized life. The boys learn
the use of the hoe and the axe, while the girls learn
the use of the spinning wheel and the needle.
The Cherokees are much pleased with the Mission-
aries. Throughout the nation there is a general
and strong impression in favour of having their
children instructed ; and were sufficient funds sup-
plied, the greater part of the children might at once
be brought under a system of instruction. See
Brainerd and Choctaws.
Cherryfield, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. W.
Machias. Pop. 181.
Cherry Isla7id, in the South Pacific. Lon. 169°
55'E. Lat. 110 27'S.
Cherrystone, a port of Va. Shipping in 1815,
1,608 tons.
Cherrytree, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 391.
Cherryvalley, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. Pop. 2,775.
The three Western turnpikes through the state of
New- York meet in this place. It is 13 m. S. W.
Palatine bridge on Mohawk river, 14 N. E. Coop-
erstown, 53 N. of Albanv, 270 fr. Buffalo. The
village is large, and contains a Meeting-house and
an Academy, and many handsome houses.
Cherryville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Cherso, a large island belonging to Austria, in
that part of the Adriatic between the coasts of Is-
tria and Dalmatia, called the gulf of Carnero. It
is 60 miles long, and has extensive forests, from
which the Venetians draw a large supply of wood.
It also exports olives, wine, figs, silk, and wool.
Pop. 10,000. Cherso, the capital, is on the coast,
at the bottom of a deep bay. Pop. 4,000. Lon,
14o_36'E. Lat. 45°8'N.
Chcrson, t. Eu. Russia, capital of the govern-
ment of Cherson, on the Dnieper, 60 miles from its
mouth. It was founded in 1778, and was destined
by the empress Catharine to become the Peters-
burg of the Black sea. But from the difficulty of
navigating the Dnieper, and the unhealthiness of
the climate, it gradually fell into decline, and is
now completely eclipsed, by the neighbouring port
of Odessa ; but extensive works are still carried on
in the dockyards and arsenal of Cherson. la
1788, the population was about 50,000. In 1803,
not above 11,000. The government of Cherson
contains 26,532 square miles, and above 400,000
inhabitants. 128 m. S.W. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 32^
56'30"E.Lat. 46°38'30"N.
Cherisey, t. Ensr. in Surrey, 10 m. from Houns-
low, 22 VV. S. W." London.
Chesadawd Lake, N. America, about 210 m. N.
E. by E. of the E. end of Slave lake, in the Hud-
son-Bay company's territory.
Chesapeake bay, a spacious bay of the U. S. Its
entrance is 12 miles wide, between Cape Henry,
in lat. 37° and Cape Charles, in 37° 12' N. It ex-
tends 200 miles in a northerly direction, through
the states of Virginiaand Maryland, dividing them
into two parts, called the eastern and western
shores. About 75 miles of the length of the bay
is in Virginia, and 125 in Maryland. The breadth
varies from 7 to 20 miles. It is generally as much
as 9 fathoms deep, and aflfords many commodious
harbours and a safe navigation. It receives the
waters of the Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappa-
hannock, York, and James rivers, besides number-
less small streams, both from the eastern and west-
ern shores.
Chesapeak town, p-v. Cecil co. Md.
Chesham, t. Eng. in Buckingham, 25 ra. W. N.
W. London.
Cheshire, a county palatine of Eng. bounded N.
by Lancashire, W. by Flint and Denbigh, S. and
E. by Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Sallop. It
contains 1,040 square miles. Coal is abundant in
the south-east parts, but tlie principal mineral
consists of inexhaustible strata of rock salt. Chesh-
ire also is celebrated for the quantity and excel-
lence of its cheese, which forms one of the princi -
pal exports. Population, 227,031. Families,
44,502, of which number, 16,396 are engaged in
agriculture, and 23,043 in trade and manufac-
tures.
Cheshire, co. S. W. part of N. H. bounded N.
by Grafton co. E. by Hillsborough co. S. by Mas-
sachusetts, and W. by Connecticut river, which
separates it from Vermont. Pop. 40,988. Chief
towns, Keene and Charlestown.
Cheshire, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. N. N.
E. Lenox, 140 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,315.
Cheshire, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 13 m. N.
New-Haven. Pop. 2,288. The Episcopal Acad-
emy of Connecticut is established here. It has a
fund of $25,000, and a library of 200 volumes.
CHE
CHE
175
The institution is under the direction of a Princi-
pal, and a Professor of languages. The average
number of students has been 70. The academi-
cal building is a brick edifice, 50 feet by 34.
Cheshire, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 m.
N. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 305.
Cheshunt, t. Eng. in Hertford, 13 m. N. London.
Chesil Bank, an immense bank of pebbles on the
coast of Dorset, Eng. extending from the isle of
Portland to the mainland at Abbotsbury.
Cheskitalatvai/s Indians, 580 in number, in Flori-
da, on the W. side of Chatahoochee river, where
it separates Georgia from Florida.
Chesne-Tonex, t. Savoy, 30 m. E. Geneva.
Chesnut creek, Va. a branch of the Great Ken-
hawa, where it crosses the Carolina line.
Chesnut hill, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop.
1,128.
Chesnut hill, p-v. Jackson co. Geo.
Chesnut ridge, part of the Alleghany mountains
which extends from Maryland, N. E. through
Fayette and Westmoreland cos. Pa.
Chester, city, Eng. cap. of Cheshire, on the Dee,
18 m. from the sea. It is surrounded by walls
nearly two miles in circuit, with four principal
gates. Four principal streets lead from the four
gates and meet in a centre. Chester contains a
cathedral and eight parish churches within the
walls, several places of worship for dissenters, and
several alms-houses, and endowments for charita-
ble purposes. The two annual fairs for Man-
chester goods, Yorksliire cloths, Irish linens, and
Birmingham wares, are tlie most considera-
ble ones in the northern part of the kingdom.
Pop. 17,472. 145 m. N. Bristol, 181 N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 3° 4'. W. Lat. 53° 11' N.
Chester, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Ma-'
hone bay, 25 m. fr. Windsor.
Chester, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the E.
side of the Merrimack, 14 m. N. W. Haverhill, 14
W. Exeter, 25 S. E. Concord, 31 W. Portsmouth.
Pop. 2,030. Masabesic pond lies mostly in the
W. part of tliis town.
Chester, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. S. W. Wind-
sor, 1 1 W. Charlestown, N. H. Pop. 2,370.
Chester, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. N. W.
Springfield. Pop. 1,534.
Chester, p-v. and parish in Saybrook, Middle-
sex CO. Ct
Chester, p-v. in Goshen, Orange co. N. Y. 115
m. fr. Albany.
Chester, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
25 m, W. Ticonderoga, 90 N. Albany. Pop. 9.37.
Scroon lake lies on the E. side of this town.
Chester, Went. See West Chester.
Chester, p-t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1, 175.
Chester, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 1,839.
Chester, co. Pa. bounded N. E. by x\Iontgomery
CO. S. E. by Delaware and Philadelphia cos. S. by
Maryland, W. by Lancaster co. and N. W. by
Berks co. Pop. 39,596. Chief town, West-Ches-
ter.
Chester, bor. and cap. Delaware co. Pa. on Del-
aware river, near Marcus Hook, 13 m. N. E.
Wilmington, 15 fr. Philadelphia. Its situation is
pleasant, and it is the resort of much company
from Philadelphia in the summer months.
Chester river, a navigable water of Md. on the
Eastern shore. It is formed by the union of Cy-
prus and Andover creeks at Bridgetown. It pass-
es by Chestertown, receives South East creek 3
miles below, and empties into the Chesapeake at
Love Point, 18 m. below Chester.
Chester, t. Shenandoah co. Va. on the point of
land between Allen's or North, and South rivers,
the two branches of the Shenandoah, 16 m. S. by
^V. W'inchester.
Chester, t. Cumberland co. Va. on the S. W.
side of James river, 6 m. S. Richmond, 15 N.
Blandford.
Chester, district, S. C. on Wateree river. Pop.
11,479. Slaves, 2,743. Chief town, Chester.
Chester, p-t and cap. Chester district, S. C. 22
m. S. Pinckney court-house, 58 N. W. Columbia.
Chester, t. Wayne co. Ohio, N. W. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819,440.
Chester, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 5 m. W. Wilming-
ton.
Chester, t. Knox co. Ohio.
Chester, r. W. Florida, runs into Pensacola bay.
Chester le Street, t. Eng. 6 m. N. Durham.
Chesterfield, t. Eng. Derbyshire, on the Rother,
26 m. N. Derby. Pop. 4,476.
Chesterfield, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connect"
icut river, opposite Brattleboro', 11 m. S. W.
Keene, 25 S. by W. Charlestown. Pop. 1,839.
Chesterfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 15 m. W.
Northampton. Pop. 1,408.
Chesterfield, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake Cham-
plain, 18 m. S. Plattsburg. Pop. 631. Adgate's
falls, in Sable river, is at this place. See Sable
river.
Chesterfield, t. Burlington co. N. J.
Chesterfield, co. Va. between James and Appo-
matox rivers. Pop. 9,979. Slaves, 6,015. At the
court-house is a post-office.
Chesterfield, district, S. C. bordering on N.Car-
olina. Pop. 5,564. Slaves, 1,639.
Chesterfield Inlet, a bay on the W. side of Hud-
son's bay, about 200 miles long, and 15 wide,
Lon. of the mouth, 90° 40' W. Lat. 63° 30' N.
Chesterfield Key, an islet, near the N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 77° 20' W. Lat. 22° 15' N.
Chestertown, p-t. and cap. Kent co. Md. ; is
pleasantly situated on Chester river, about 18
miles from its mouth, in Chesapeake bay, 35 m. S.
Elkton, 38 S. S. E. Baltimore. Lon. 77° 57' W.
Lat. 39° 12' N. It contains 140 houses, a court-
house and jail, a spacious college edifice, and 2
houses of public worphip, 1 for xMethodists, and 1
for Episcopalians. An elegant bridge is now
erecting over Chester river. The town had for-
merly considerable trade, but is now on the de-
cline. The amount ol shippingin 1805 was 3,421
tons; in 1815, it was 1,813.
Washington college in this town, Avas incorpo-
rated in 1782, and had a fund of 1250/. a yeai«
settled upon it by the legislature, which has sinct
been withdrawn ; and the building is now appro-
priated to the accommodation of a Latin and
English school, which is one of the most respecta-
ble in the state.
Chestervifle, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine. 30 m. N.
W. Augusta. Pop. 430.
Chesuncook, a large lake, in Maine, through
which the main branch of the Penobscot flows.
Chetarnaches. See Lafourche.
Chetamaches lake, Louisiana, near the mouth of
the Mississippi. It is 24 miles long, and 9 broad,
and communicates with lake Portage.
Chelecun Head, cape, on the W. coast of Cape
Breton. Lon. 60° 46' W. Lat. 46° 40' N.
Chethain, t. Eng. If m. fr. Manchester. |,^
Chever. See Khauar. r-t'^
Chevemy, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Blois.
Cheviot Ililh. a ridgo of hill?, in Enghnd. run-
176
C H I
ning from N. E. to is. W. along the borders of Nor-
thumberland, and dividing that county from Rox-
burghshire, in Scotland.
Chevres, t. France, 18 m. E. Angouleme.
Chevres, t. J'rance, 15 ra. S. W. Paris. Pop.
1,130.
Ckevrotiere, r. Canada, falls into the St. Law-
rence from the N. about 40 m. above Quebec.
Cheicabad, s-p. Persia, on the E. side of the en-
trance of the Persian gulf.
C'hezerii, t. France, 8 m. N. W. Geneva.
Chezib, in Sac. Geog. See Achzib.
Chezy VAbbaye, t. France, on the Marne, 4 m.
S. S. W. Chateau Thierry. Pop. 1,300.
Chiana, r. Italy, divides into two branches, one
of which falls into the Tiber, near Orvieto, and
the other running N. joins the Arno near Arezzo.
Chiantla, t. Mexico, 40 m. S. W. Puebla de los
Angelos.
Cliiapa, province, in the Captain-generalship of
Guatimala, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S. by Guati-
mala, E. by Vera Paz and Yucatan, N. by Vera
Cruz.
Chiapa dos Kspagnos, or Cividad Real, cap. of
the above province, 300 m. N. W. Guatimala.
Lon. 930 23' W. Lat. 17° N. Pop. 2,500. Its
principal commerce is in cocoa nuts, cotton, wool,
sugar, and cochineal.
Chiaya dos Indios, city, of Chsapi province,
on the Tabasco ; contains about 4,000 Indians,
who are rich. 36 m. W. Chiapa dos Espagnos.
Lon. 93° 53' W. Lat. 17° 5' N.
Chiaranwnle, t. Sicily, 25 m. W. Syracuse.
Chiarenztty or Clarensa, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on
the W. coast of the Merea, 80 m. W. Corinth.
Lon. 21° 16' E. Lat. 38" 11' N.
Chiari, t. Lombardy, 12 m. W. Brescia. Lon.
9° 56' E. Lat. 45° 32' N. Pop. 7,000.
Chiascio, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into the
Tiber, 5 m. S. Perugia.
Chiarari, t. territory of Genoa, 20 m. S. E. Ge-
noa. Pop. nearly 8,000.
Chiavenna, a county of Lombardy, N. of the
lake of Como, on the borders of Switzerland, be-
tween the country of the Grisons and the Valte-
line, 18 miles long, and 15 broad. Pop. 18,000.
Chiavenna, the capital, is deemed the key of
Lombardy, on the side of the Grison territory. It
is on the side of a high mountain on the right
bank of the Maira, a little above its influx into tlic
lake of Como. 38 m. N. Como. Lon. 9° 21' E.
Lat. 46° 15' N.
Chiavoroio, t. Carinthia, 8 m. S. Tarvis.
Chiaw, Gulf of, a deep bay on the N. E. side of
the island of Gilolo.
Chibiane, v. Cyprus, anciently called Corinea ;
celebrated for its wine.
Chicago, river, or arm of Lake Michigan, at its
S. end, in Illinois. A mile from the lake it divides
into two channels : the N. channel extends along
the west side of the lake, about 30 miles; the S.
J8 only 6 miles long, and aflords a secure harbor for
vessels of almost any burden, but has a bar at its
mouth with only 2 feet water. This obstruction
might be easily removed, and the harbor rendered
accessible. The portage from Chicago riA^er to
the Aux Plains, one of the two branches of Illinois
river, is 9 miles, and is so low as often to be cover-
ed with water and passed in boats. A canal here
is contemplated, and could be made with little
expense, which would open a water communica-
tion between the Great Lakes and the Mississip-
C H I
pi, through the Illinois. Half a mile from tiie
mouth of the Chicago, is Fort Dearfiom, which see.
Chicama, r, Peru, which falls into the Pacific
ocean, in Lat. 7'-' 45' S.
Chicapee, r. Mass. rises in Vi'^orcester county,
and runs into Connecticut river at Springfield.
Chicaur, t. Hind. 16 m. S. Chittore.
Chichacotta, t. and fortress, Bootan, on the fron-
tier of Bengal, 50 m. N. Rungpore. Ldn. 89° 25'
E. Lat. 26" 42' N.
Chichas y Tarija, a province of Buenos Ayres,
bounded JN. by Poton, E. by the Indian country,
S. by Jujuy, and W. by the Andes, which sepa-
rates it from the desert of Atacamo.
Chichester, city, Eng. cap. of Sussex, on the Le-
vant. It is a bishop's see, and besides the cathe-
dral there are six parish churches. Large quan-
tities of salt are made at Itchenor, 3 miles from
Chichester, where shipbuilding is also carried onto
some extent. This city sends two members to par-
liament. Pop. 6,425. 36 m. S. E. Winchester,
and 61 S. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 47' W. Lat. 50<»
50' N.
Chichester, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. E,
Concord, 45 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 951.
Chichester, Lower and Upper, 2 towns in Dela-
ware CO. Pa. Pop. of Lower Chichester, 511 ; of
Upper, 417.
Chickahominy, r. Va. runs into the N. side of
James river, 37 m. above Point Comfort. It has a
bar at its mouth with 12 feet water, above which
large vessels ascend 8, and vessels of 6 tons, 32
miles.
Chickamaugah creek, rises in Georgia, and joins
the Tennessee, a few miles above Lookout Moun-
tains. It runs through a district of the Cherokee
country, called from it, Chickamaugah district, in
which Brainerd, the missionary station is estab-
lished.
Chickasaiv, r. Ten. runs into the Mississippi.
Chickasaw Agency, Alabama, in the country of
the Chickasaws, 27 m. W. Cotton-Gin-Port, 130
S. W. Huntsville. Here is a post office.
Chickasaw Bluff, on the E. side of the Mississip-
pi, in the N. W. corner of Mississippi. Lat. 35° N.
Chickasaws, Indians, whose country is included
within the chartered limits of the states of Ken-
tucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama;
bounded on the E. by Tennessee river, on the N.
by the Ohio, on the W. by the Mississippi, and on
the S. by the Choctaw country. The number of
the tribe, according to the statement of the U. S.
agent, is 6,456. The Chickasaws, like their
neighbors the Cherokees and Choctaws, are con-
siderably advanced in civilization. The Ameri-
can Board of Foreign Missions have in contempla-
tion the establishment of a mission among them.
Chickasawhay, r. Mississippi, rises in the Choc-
taw country, and 8 miles below, N. lat. 31° joins
Leaf river to form the Pascagoula.
Chickasawhay, p-v. Greene co. Mississippi.
Chickley, t Hind. 30 m. S. E. Surat.
Chiclana, v. Spain, 52 m. S. S. W. Seville.
Chicova, t. E. Africa, celebrated for its silver
mines. Lon. 30° 20' E. Lat. 16° 30' S.
Chidley, Cape, on the N. coast of Labrador, at
the entrance of Hudson's straits. Lon. 70° 25'
W. Lat. 60° 12' N.
Chielefa, fort, Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 12 m .
W, Koldfithia.
Chiem, Lake, in Bavaria, between the Inn and
Salzach. It is 12 miles long and 8 broad.
C H I
C H I
177
Chienlo, r. Italy, falls into the gulf of Venice.
Lat. 43° 14' N.
Chieri, or Chiers, t. Piedmont, surrounded with
walls. 6 m. E. Turin. Lon, 7° 48' E. Lat. 45° 4'
N. Pop. 10,000.
Chiese, r. Italy, falls into the Oglio, at Caneto,
in the duchy of Mantua.
Chieli, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, on the Pes-
cara, 78 m. N. E. Rome, 93 N. Naples. Lon. 14°
30' E. Lat. 42° 22' N.
Chievres, t. Netherlands, 12 m. N. W. Mons.
Chifremont. See Bovines.
Chif uncle, r. Louisiana, falls into Lake Ponchar-
train, a little below Madisonville.
Chiggrcy station in the Nubian desert, 200 m. S.
Syene.
Chignecto Bay, the N. VV. arm of the bay of Fun-
dy, in Neva Scotia.
Chihuahua, t. New Spain, in Durango. It is
surrounded with mines of silver on every side. 180
m. N. W. Mexico. Lon. 109° 16' W. Lat. 28° 50'
N. Pop. 11,600.
Chikanga, a kingdom of E. Africa, W. of Mo-
nomopata. Here are valuable gold mines.
Chikkolee, t. Hind. 11 m. S. W. Seringapatam.
Chilca, s-p, Peru, 40 m. S. Callao. Lat. 12°
32' S.
Chile, r. Chili, falls into the Pacific, in lat.
39® S.
Chili, country, S. America, bounded N. by the
desert of Atacama, which separates it from Peru ;
E. by the Andes, which separate it from Buenos
Ayres ; S. by Patagonia; and W. by the Pacific
Ocean. It is a long and narrow country, extend-
ing from 25° to 43° S. lat. about 1,300 miles long,
and, on an average, 140 broad, and containing
about 180,000 square miles. The part of this coun-
try inhabited by the Spaniards, is from the north-
ern boundary to the river Biobio, in lat. 36° 50' S.
The part S. of the Biobio, is occupied by the A-
raucanian Indians. Chili is composed, to a consid-
erable extent, of vallies surrounded by high moun-
tains or ridges. Lying along the foot of the An-
des, it receives a multitude of small rivers, which
flow with the rapidity of torrents, and are seldom
navigable ; but they serve to irrigate the vallies
and render them exceedingly fertile. As respects
climate, Chili may be divided into 2 regions : the
variable and humid region, south of lat. 35° ; and
the invariable and dry country, north of that par-
allel. In the dry country it does not rain for two
thirds of the year, and in the districts fartliest
north, it never rains, and never thunders ; the
dews are scarcely perceptible, the atmosphere is
without a cloud, and the temperature is delightful.
The southern part of Chili is a land abounding
with wheat, wine and oil ; cotton and hemp are
also cultivated, and cattle are numerous. The
northern districts have a dry and barren soil, but
are rich in mines of tin, copper, silver, and gold.
Volcanoes occur among the Andes at every little
interval, along the whole eastern boundary. There
are 14, which are in a state of constant eruption.
Earthquakes usually occur 3 or 4 times a year.
The population, according to a census made a
few years since, is 1,200,000, exclusive of inde-
pendent tribes of Indians, The great mass of this
population is between the rivers Juncal and Bio-
bio, on a territory of 80,000 square miles. The
religion is Roman Catholic ; and there are said
to be about 10,000 monks and nuns, in the whole
country, and the relijrious iuBtitntion'; M'ith which
23
they are connected, it is estimated, hold nearly
one third of tlie landed property. Chili was for-
merly a colony dependent on Spain, but in 1810,
the people took the government into their own
hands, and on February 12th, 1818, made a decla-
ration of absolute independence, which they have
since maintained. In 1818, according to an offi-
cial statement, the army consisted of 8,400 regular
troops, and 28,960 militia; and the revenue
amounted to 2,177,967 dollars.
Chilidromia. See Lidromia.
Chilka, lake. Hind, on the coast, 36 miles long
by 10 or 12 broad. 40 m. S. W. Cuttack. Lat.
19° 39' N.
Chillambaram, t. Hind, on the coast of Carnatic.
1 20 m. S. S. W. Madras, Lon, 79° 52' E,'Lat. 1 1*
27' N.
Chilian, province, Chili, bounded N. by Maule,
E. by the Andes, and W, by Itata. Chilian, th«
capital, is on the river Chilian. Lat, 35° 36' N.
Chilleurs, t. France, 14 m, N. E. Orleans.
Chillicolhe, p-t. and cap. Ross co. Ohio, and the
second town in size in the State, on the W. bank
of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direct line, and 70 by wa-
ter from its mouth ; 45 m. S, Columbus, 70 S, W.
Zanesville, 93 E. by N, Cincinnati, Lon. 82° 55'
W. Lat, 39° 14' N, Pop. in 1819, 2,600. It is
laid out on an elevated plain, between Paint creek
and the Scioto. The streets are spacious, and cross
each other at right angles. It contains a court-
house and jail, a market-house, 3 banks, including
the branch bank of the United States, 3 houses of
public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders,
and 1 for Methodists, and an academy. In the town
and vicinity are many valuable mills and manu-
factories.
Chillis, t. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo. It
has 15 mosques, large bazars, and is a noted mart
for cottons. 15 m, N. Aleppo,
Chillisquaque, t, Northumberland co. Pa. on the
W. branch of the Susquehannah, 6 m. above North-
umberland, Pop, 1,505,
Chilloa, V. S, America, in New Granada, on tlie
Magdalena, Lat, 9° 5' N.
Chilian, a fortified castle of Switzerland, in the
canton of Vaud, on a peninsular rock, at the E,
end of the lake of Geneva, 5 m. S. E. Vevay.
Chillumcotta, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. E.
Chinabalaram.
Chillumeal, t. Hind. 17 m. N. W. Cuddapah.
Chilmark, t. Duke's co. on Martha's Vineyard
Island, Mass. 90 m. S. by E. Boston, Pop, 723,
In this town is the bluff, called Gay-head.
ChUnmry, t. Bengal, on the Brahmapootra river.
Lon. 90° 3'E. Lat. 25° 25' N.
Chilney, isl. in the Arabian sea, near the coast
of Persia! Lon. 65° 44' E. Lat. 25° N.
Chiloe, Archipelago of, a cluster of islands in a
large gulf or bay at the S. extremity of Chili.
Chiloe, the principal island, is between lat, 42°
13' and 43° 47' S. and is about 120 miles long. It
is se))arated from the main land by a channel little
more than a mile wide,
Chilongery, t. Hind. 45 m. N. W. Seringapatam.
Chilpanzingo, t. Mexico, on the great road
from Mexico to Acapulco,
Chilquesy Masqites, province of Peru, bounded
W. by Cotabamba, N. by Abancay, and N. E. by
Cuzco. The capital is Paruro.
Chiltern Hills, a ridge of chalky hills in Eng-
land, passing nearly through the centre of the
county of Buckinfha^E
178
C H I
Chilvers Colon, t. Eng. in Warwickshire.
Chimara, s-p. Eu. Turkey, 36 m, S. Valona.
Lon. 19° 53' E. Lat. 40° 19' N.
Chimay, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
viver Blanche Eau, 10 m. N. Rocroy.
Chimbo, t. S. America, 90 m. S. Quito.
Chimborazo, the most elevated summit of tlie
Andes, is 100 m. S. W. Quito. Lat. 1° 20' S. It
rises to the height ol 21,440 feet above the level of
the sea, and is cov-ered with perpetual snow. This
vast mountain presents a most magnificent specta-
cle when seen from the shores of the Pacific ocean,
with its enormous circular summit projected upon
the deep azure blue of the equatorial sky. It was
ascended by Humboldt on the 23d June 1797, who
with his party reached the height of 19,300 feet
above the level of the sea, when their further pro-
pjress was prevented by a chsism 500 feet wide.
Here they were surrounded by a thick fog, and
greatly incommoded by the extreme tenuity of the
air, which was also felt intensely cold and pier-
cing. Respiration was ditfiicult, and blood oozed
from their eyes, their lips, and their gums.
The point on which they stood was higher than
any ever before attained by man.
China, an extensive empire in the S. E. of Asia.
The territories subject or tributary to the empe-
ror of China, are of vast extent, including Mand-
shuria and Mongolia proper, Thibet, and the
whole o<" central Asia, between Hindostan on the
.9. and Asiatic Russia on the N. On the W. it is
bounded by the Belur mountains, which separate
it from Independent Tartary. The country, how-
ever, described in the present article, is China
proper, which is of mucli more limited extent, ly-
ing between 20° and 41° N. lat. and 101° and
122° E. Ion. It is bounded E. and S. by the sea,
W. by Thibet, N. by Chinese Tartary, and con-
tains about 1,300,000 sq. miles. The genei-al as-
pect of China is that of a level, fertile, and highly
cultivated region. It is the most populous coun-
try in the world. The number of inhabitants has
been variously estimated from 150 to 333,000,000.
Mr. Morrison gives the result of a census made by
the present emperor, at about 145,000,000, which
is probably less than the truth, as the census was
made with a view to taxation. On the whole, we
apprehend 150,000,000 to be the most rational es-
timate. To support this crowded population, ev-
ery method is adopted to raise (bod, and agricul-
ture is carried to the highest perfection. Even
steep hills and mountains are cultivated. They
are converted into terraces, one above another,
and reservoirs are made on the top, in which rain
water is collected, and conveyed down the sides
to water the plants. The public works of the
Chinese are equal in magnitude to those of any
nation, and are directed solely to purposes of pub-
lic utility. The canals have long been celebra-
ted. No nation can produce a parallel to the
great Canal, which extends in a continuous line,
for 500 miles, from Pekin to the river Yang-tse-
kiang. Smaller canals are almost innumerable,
and the inland water communication between Pe-
kin and Canton, a distance of 1,000 miles, is inter-
I'upted only by a land journey of a single day.
Splendid bridges, and magnificent roads are also
of frequent occurrence. But the most stupen-
dous of all works of art, in ancient or modern
times, is the Great W-all of China. This mighty
rampart has been raised along the whole north-
fern, and part of the western frontier, over rirer"
C H i
upon arches, over valleys and mountains, throu gh
a course of about 1,000 miles. It is built of bri ck
and stone, varyihg in height from 15 to 30 feet,
and so thick that 6 horsemen can ride abreast on
the top.
The government is an absolute despotism, but
is usually administered with much of the patri-
archal spirit. The emperor regards his people as
his children, and not as his slaves. The officers
of government are called mandarins. There is
no established religion in China. The people
never meet for rehgious purposes. They believe
however in the existence of a God, and there are
various religious sects, the principal of which is
the sect of Fo. Amojig the good qualities in the
character of the Chinese, may be mentioned un-
remitting industry, perseverance, veneration for
parents, good humor and courtesy of manners.
Among their vices are an entire disregard of trutl^,
and unparalleled skill in the art of cheating.
The most celebrated production is the tea tree,
whose leaves form the chief article of its foreign
commerce. Among otlier productions are the
camphor tree, the tallow tree, and the paper mul-
berry tree. In manufactures the Chinese display
great ingenuity. Their beautiful porcelain has
long been celebrated ; silk and cotton goods are
also manufactured in great quantities, and thcsfe
articles are among the principal exports.
The internal commerce of China is unrivalled
in extent. The innumerable rivers and canals
with which it is intersected, are covered with
barges of every form and dimension, interchanging
the productions of the different provinces. For-
eign commerce is vie Wed with a jealous eye. Eu-
ropeans have only two points at which they are
allowed to trade, one at Kiachta, the emporium
for the overland trade of Russia, and the other at
Canton. The following table exhibits a general
view of the trade between Great Britain and Chi-
na for the tliree years, 1809 — H.
Exports to China.
1810. 1811.
Copper,
Iron bar,
Lead,
Tin,
Woollens,
Miscellaneous,
/1, 042, 139 933,459
Imports from China.
1809. I 1810.
Tea, lbs. 21,717,3101 19,791,356
Silk, lbs. 90,603 54,376
Nankins, pieces, 287,720 305,009
Miscellaneous, n4,268 14,890
963,715
1811.
21,231,849
81,397
316,616
9,630
Total value, /3,749,298| /3,390,988| «,660,830
China, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 20 m. N. Au-
gusta.
China, t. in the S. W. corner of Genesee co. N. Y.
Chinabakeer, t. Birnian empire, in Pegue. Lat.
16° 20' N. Lon. about 95° 45' E.
Chinabalabaram, t. Hind. Lon. 77° 55' E. Lat.
13° 26' N.
Chinacota, 1. 12 m. N. E. Pamplona.
China grove, p-v. Georgetown district, S. C.
Chinampetta, t. Hind. Lon. 78° 8' E. Lat 9°
41' N,
C H J
Chihapaiam, t. Hind, in Mysore. Lon. 77^ 44'
E. Lat. 12° 39' N.
Ckinapatam, the original name of Madras.
Chinaran, city, Khorassan, 40 m. N. Muschid.
ChineJianchi, v. Mexico, 10 m. N. Merida. Lat.
21° 4' N.
Chinchilla, t. Spain, in Murcia, 168 m. S. E.
Madrid. Lon. 1° 52' VV. Lat. 3«^ 48' N. Pop.
4,500.
Chinchon, t. Spain, 18 m. E. S. E. Madrid.
Chinchoor, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, on the road
from Bombay to Poonah.
Chinchilla^ t. Bengal, 20 m. S. S. W. Dinage-
pore.
Chinclepvf, t. and fortress", Hind, and cap. of
Chincleput district. It is situated on the N. E.
hank of the Palar river, 39 m. from Madras. Lon.
79° 55' E. Lat. 12^ 56' N.
Chine, La, v. Lower Canada, on the- island of
Montreal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of
all the commerce between Upper and Lower
Canada. Here the boats of the N. W. company
commence their voyage for the interior country of
America. It is intended to cut a canal from La
Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communi-
cation with the city will be opened, and the diffi-
cult passage of the rapid of St Louis avoided.
Chinnachin, t. Nepaul. It is the frontier town
towards the N. W. Lon. 81° 35' E. Lat. 30° 29' iV.
Chinnook, r. N. America, runs into Columbia
river from the N. near its mouth.
Chinon, t. France, in Indre and Loire, on the
Vienne. Lon. 0° 14' 55" W. Lat. 47° 11' N.
Pop. 5,500.
Chinradursam, fort, Hind, in Mysore. Lon.
78° 2' E. Lat; 12° 23' N.
Chinsura, the principal Dutch settlement in
Bengal, on the W. bank of the Hoogly, 24m. above
Calcutta. In 1795 it was captured by the British,
but has been lately restored. The London Socie-
ty have 3 Missionaries here, and schools have been
established on an extensive scale for the education
of the natives. Lon. 88« 28' E. Lat. 22° 52' N.
Chillong, t. Nepaul. Lon. 85° 52' E. Lat. 27°
29' x\.
Chios. See Scio.
Chiourlic, Turkey, 50 m. N. W. Constantinople.
Chiozza, or Ckioggia, isl. in the Adriatic, near
the mouth of the Brenta. Pop. 20,000. The
town of Chiozza is on the island, 14 m. S. V'enice.
Chipiona, t. Spain, in Seville, near the mouth
af the Guadalquivir.
Chippenham, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on ihe Avon,
13 m. E. N. E. Bath. Lon. 2° 8' E. Lat. 51° 27'
N. Pop. 3,410.
Chippeivay, or Chcpeiri/an Fort, strong post of
the North-west company ' s, on the Lake of the Hi lis.
Chippeivay, v. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Ni-
agara river, 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Ni-
agara falls. Chippeway creek runs into the Ni-
agara at this place. The battle of Chippeway,
July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain on the south
side of this creek.
Chippeway, r. N. W. Territory, runs into the
Mississippi at Lake Pepin, in lon. 93° 54' W. lat.
43° 45' N. There is a short portage between this
river and the Montreal, a water of Lake Superior.
Chippeway, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E.
Wooster. Pop. in 1819, 445.
Chippeway.'!, or Soteaux, Indians, one of the
most numerous and powerful tribes in N. Ameri-
ca. About 5,700 of them dwell on Sagana
bay, in Michigan Territory ; the remainder are
C H I
179
scattej-ed along the Northern border of the United
States to the Pacific. They maintain a perpetual
war with the Sioux.
Chippiiig-JYorton, t. Eng. in Oxford, 19i m. N.
W. Oxtbrd.
Chipping-Ongar, t. Eng. in Essex, 21 m. N. E,
London.
Chipping Sodbury, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 1 1
m. N. 1-:. Bristol.
Chiqititos, a numerous and warlike nation of
Indians, in S. America. The territory which they
inhabit extends from lat. 16^ to 20° S. It is
bounded on the W. by the province of Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, and on the east it extends to the Para-
guay.
Chirac, t. 3 m. S. W. Marvejols.
Chirambira, point, on the W. coast of S. Ameri^
ca, in lat. 4'^ 15' N.
Chirazzo, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic.
Lon. 14° 4' E. Lat, 42° 42' N.
Chiriqui, a district of Veragua, on Chiriqui
river, which falls into the Pacific, in lat. 8° 10' N.
Chirk, V. Wales, in Denbighshire, 5* ni. N. Os-
westry.
Ckimside, v. Scotland, 8i m. N. W. Berwick.
Chisamo, (an. Cysamus,) t. on the N. coast of
Candia.
Chisme, or Cisme, (an. Cysfits,) s-p. Anatolia, i«
A. Turkey, separated by a narrow strait from tlxe
island of Scio. 40 m. N. Smyrna. Lon. 26° 17'
E. Lat. 38° 24' N.
Chisoin, t. France, 6 m. N. N, W. Orchies.
Chiswell Isles, off the N. W. coast of America,
in lat. 59° 31' N. lon. 211° 10' E.
Chiswick, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames,,
5 m. W. London.
Chitore, district, Hind, in Ajmere, bounded N.
by Mewar, E. by Harrowly, S. by Jalore, and W.
by Sarowy, in about 25° N. lat. and between ^4P
and 75° E. lon.
Chitore, or Chetor, a celebrated fortress of Hin-
dostan,the capital of the above mentioned district.
This fort is on the top of a high mountain, and is
considered a place of great strength.
Chitpore, a village, constituting the N. part of
Calcutta.
Chitpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat, celebrated for it?
manufacture of chintzes. It is on Sursutty river,
in lat. 23° 45' N. lon. 73° 3' E.
Chifries, s-p. on the S. coast of the Morea, in the
gulf of Coron.
Chiiro, (an. Pi/dna,) t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedo-
nia, 36 m. S. E. Edessa.
Chitiagong, an extensive district in the S. E. of
Bengal, iietween 21° and 23° N. lat. bounded E.
by a range of mountains which divides it from the
Birman empire, and W. by the sea. Its produc-
tions are rice, salt, timber, ivory, indigo, cotton,
hemp, pei)per, coffee, spices, and wild elephants.
The coast is much resorted to by the European in-
habitants of Bengal, on account of the sea air and
bathing. Its chief town is also called Chittagong,
bnt more frequently Islamabad, which see. Chit-
tagong being a frontier province, has frequently
changed masters ; but in 1760, it was formally ce-
ded to the British, who have here a militarv force,
and a civil establishment. Pop. 1,200,000: haff
Oi'whom are Mahometans, and half Hindoos.
Chittapet, t. India, 75 m. S. W. Madra.s. Lon.
79° 26' E. Lat. 12° 25' N.
Chittenden, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, inter-
sected by Onjon river. Pop. 18.120, Chief town,
Biirlinsl^oa.
180
C H O
C H O
Chittenden, t. Rutland co, Vt. 30 m. N. W.
Windsor. Pop. 446.
Chiiieningo creek, issues from a lake in Cazeno-
via, and falls into Oneida lake.
Chittledroog, a celebrated fort, Hind, in My-
sore. Lon. 76° 29' E. Lat. VP 10' N.
Chittor, t. and fortress, Hind. 80 m. E. Madras.
It was ceded to the British in 1801. Lon. 79° 10'
E. Lat. 13° 12' N.
Chittra, t. Hind. 100 m. S. byW. fi'om Patna.
Lon. 84° 58' E. Lat. 24° 14' N.
Chitimy, t. Hindostan. Lon. 76° 12' E. Lat.
10° 23' JV.
Chiva, t. Spain, \'im. W. N. W. Valencia.
Chiva, a territory of Independent Tartary, W.
of the Oxus. 280 m. E. of the Caspian.
Cfiivasso, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 11 m. N. E.
Turin. Pop. 5,450.
Chhisano, t. Naples, 14 m. S. S. E. Benevento.
Chiusi, t. Italy, 40 m. S. S. E. Florence.
Chobar, s-p. of Mekran, in Persia. 130 m.
S. W. Kej. Lon. 60° 3' E. Lat. 25° 20' N.
Choco, a province of New-Granada, bordering
on the Pacific ocean, and bounded N. by the prov-
ince of Darien.
Chocol, t. Bengal, on the Ganges, 35 m. E.
Moorshedabad.
Chocope, V. Peru, 30 m. N. Truxillo.
Choctaw, r. rises in Alabama, and runs across
West Florida into the Bay of Roses.
Choctaw Agency, Alabama, in the Choctaw
country, 4 m. W. Pearl river, 120 N. E. Natches.
Here is a post-office.
Choctaws, a tribe of Indians, residing between
the Tonibigbee and Mississippi rivers, principally
in the state of Mississippi, but partly in Ala-
bama. Their territory is bounded on the N. and
N. E. by that of the Chickasaws, and S. by a line
running a little belowthe parallel of 32°N. lat. The
number of the Choctaws is estimated at 20,000.
Within a few years they have made great advan-
ces in civilization. They raise corn, cotton, and
a great many cattle, and often appear clad in cot-
ton garments of tlieir own manufacture.
In 1818, the American Board of Foreign Mis-
sions established a mission among these Indians,
which has been prospered beyond the most san-
guine expectations. The primary seat of the
mission is at Elliot, on the Yalo Busha creek, 30
miles above its junction with the Yazoo ; but an-
other establishment has been recently made on
Ook-tib-be-ha creek, 12 miles above its junction
with the Tombigbee. — According to the latest ac-
counts, there were belonging to the mission, more
than 200 neat cattle ; teams of oxen and horses,
waggons, ploughs, and other implements of hus-
bandry, suitable for a large plantation ; mechan-
ical tools for various arts ; and all the varied ap-
paratus for the accommodation of a family of 100
persons. A school-liouse, a blacksmith's shop, and
numerous other buildings had been erected, and
tlie school contained between 70 and 80 children.
The Choctaws, their Chiefs especially, have from
the beginning, professed the most friendly disposi-
'tions towards the mission; and have recently
proved their sincerity, by the most unequivo-
cal evidence. At a treaty held in 1816, they
sold a portion of their country to the U. S. for
which they are to receive $6,000 annually, in
cash, for 17 years. The whole of this sum they
have voted to appropriate to the support of schools
under the direction of the American Board. — See
Elliot.
With a view to the instruction of the Indians ia
the arts of civilized life, the Government of the
United States has extended its patronage to
the mission. The expenses of erecting a
school-house and dwelling-house, at each of
the establishments, have been defrayed from
the National treasury, and $1,000 a year is al-
lowed to the establishment at Bramerd, and
$1,000 to that at Elliot, among the Cherokees,
Choctaw Trading-house, p-v. Alabama.
Choczim, t. and fortress of Russia, in Podolia,
on the Dniester. It was included formerly in the
Turkish province of Moldavia : but was ceded to
the Russians in 1812. 110 m. N. N. W. Jassy.
Lon. 26° 35' E. Lat. 48° 31' N.
Chogdah, t. Bengal, 40 m. N. Calcutta.
Choiseul, t. France, 12 m. N. E. Langres.
Choisy, t. France, 12 m. N. Provins.
Choisy le Roi, t. France, on the Seine, 5 m. S.
Paris. Pop. 1,200.
Chola, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Mon-
fla, about 8° S. lat.
Cholet, or Chollet, t. France, on the Mayenne,
11 m. S. Beaupreau. Lon. 0° 54' 45" W. Lat. 47'^
5'N.
Cholmogory, t. Russia, noted for its breed of
black cattle, 30 m. S. Archangel.
Cholmondeley'' s Sound, on the E. coast of
Prince of Wales' archioelago, in Clarence's strait.
Lon. of the entrance, 228° 17' E. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Cholula, city. New Spain, in the intendancy of
Puebla. Before the invasion of the Spaniards,
when the IViexican government was in its glory, it
contained 40,000 houses, and numerous temples.
The great temple erected on an artificial moun-
tain, still remains. 80 m. E. Mexico. Pop. 16,000.
Lon. 98° 7' 45" W. Lat. 19° 2' 6" N.
Chomonchouan, lake, Canada, 219 m. N. W.
Quebec Lon. 75° 40' W. Lat. 39° 20' N.
Chornsk, t. Russia, 56 m. E. Brzesk.
Chonac. See Schonac.
Chonad, t. Hungary, on the Marosch, 25 m. N.
Temesvar.
Chones, r. Quito, falls into the Pacific, in lat. 0*
33' S.
Chongon, t. Quito, 40 m. W. Guayaquil.
Chortos, isl. in the S. Pacific, near the coast of
Chili ; about it are a number of small islands,
called the Chonos archipelago. Lat. 44° to
47' S.
Choorhut, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 81° 48'
E. Lat. 24° 29' N.
Choper, r. Russia, which falls into the Don, near
Choperskaia.
Choptank, a large navigable river on the east-
ern shore of Maryland, emptying into the Chesa-
peake.
Chopunnish, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of
the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky mountains. Lon.
113° W. Lat. 46° 30' N.
Chopersk, t. Russia, 140 m. W. Saratov.
Chorasan. See Khorasan.
Chor-Essire, s-p. Persia, on the Persian gulf, 44
m. S. Bushire.
Chorley, t. Eng. in Lancashire. The cotton
manufacture is here carried on in its various
branches. Coal, lead, alum, flag and mill stones
abound in the vicinity. Pop. 5,182. 208 m. N.
W. London.
Choromboros, r. S. America, runs into the Rie
Dulce, 20 m. S. W. Tucuman.
Chota, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. W. Durbunga.
C H R
Chota, p-v. Blount co. Geo. 33 m. fr. Milledge-
ville.
Choueri. See Cargo.
Choug. See Shoggle.
Choul, Lower, s-p. aad fort, Hind, in Aurunga-
bad. Lon. 72° 46' E. Lat. 18° 36' N.
Choul, Upper, s-p. and fort, Hind, in Aurunga-
bad, 25 m. S. Bombay.
Chowmay, Cape, on the coast of Cochin-China,
at the mouth of Choumay river. Lon. 107° 57'
E. Lat. 16° 12' N.
Chouee, t. France, on the Loire, 10 m. E. Sau-
Hiur.
Chowan, r. N. C. is formed by the union of the
Nottaway, Meherrin, and Blackwater rivers, and
falls into the N. W. corner of Albemarle sound. It
is 3 miles wide at its mouth.
Chowan, co. in Edenton district, N. C. on the
N. side of Albemarle sound. Pop. 5,297. Slaves,
2,789. Chief town, Edenton.
Chowarah, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 83° 13' E.
Lat. 26° 30' N.
Chowpareh, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus.
Lon. 70° 50' E. Lat. 32° 10' N.
Choiory. See JVicobar Islands.
Chowsar, v. Hind, in Bahar, 7 m. S. Buxar.
Christburg, t. Prussia, 12 m. S. E. Marienburg.
Christchurch, t. Eng. in Hampshire, between
the Avon and the Stour, 100 m. W. S. W. Lon-
don.
Christchurch, a parish, in Charleston district,
S. C.
Christian, co. in the S. W. part of Ken, on Cum-
berland river. Pop. 11,020. Slaves, 1,766. Chief
town, Hopkinsville.
Christian Sound, a large arm of the Pacific
ocean, N. of Cape Decision. Lon. 225° 50' E.
Lat. 56<^ 13' N.
Christiana, or Christiana-bridge, p-t. Newcas-
fle CO. Del. on Christiana creek, 12 m. fr. Elkton,
9 S. W. Wilmington, 37 S. W. Philadelphia. It
is the greatest carrying-place between the navi-
gable waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake,
and drives a brisk trade with Philadelphia, in
flour,
Christiana creek, Del. unites with the Brandy-
wine below Wilmington, and flows into the Dela-
ware. It admits vessels of 14 feet draught to
Wilmington, and those of 6 feet draught to Chris-
tiana-bridge.
Christiana, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop.
6,698. Slaves, 47.
Christiana, Great, isl, in the Grecian archipe-
lago, 9 m. S. W. Santorini. Lon, 25° 15' E, Lat.
36° 20' N.
Christiania, s-p. Norway, at the bottom of a
gulf, which penetrates 50 miles into the interior
of the country. It is the seat of the governor of
the province of Aggerhuus, of a supreme court of
justice, and of a bishop who is metropolitan of
Norway. Here are a military hospital, erected
in 1806, an university, a military school, and two
theatres. This town has an excellent harbor,
and carries on a considerable trade, A great an-
nual fair is held here on 13th January, 250 m.
W. Stockholm. Lon. 10° 48' 45" E. Lat. 59° 55'
20" N. Pop. 9,000.
Christ ianople, s-p. Sweden, on a peninsula, 36
m. S, W, Calmar. Lon. 16° E. Lat, 56>^ 13' N.
Christiansand, a government in the S, W. part
of Norway. Christiansand, the capital, is on the
S. coast, and was formerly one of the stations of
C H U
181
the Danish navy. The island of Flekkeroen forms,
with the mainland, a road several miles in length,
where there is good anchorage. 220 m. N. W.
Copenhagen. Lon. 8° 3' E. Lat. 58° 8' N. Pop.
5,000.
Christiansborg, a Danish fort, on the Gold coast
of Africa.
Christiansburg, t. and cap, Montgomery co. Va.
200 m. W, S. W. Richmond.
Christians-Oe, a Danish island, in the Baltic,
Lon. 14° 47' E. Lat. 55° 13' N.
Christianstadt, i. Sweden, 57 m, W, by S, Carls-
crona. Lon. 14° 9' E, Lat. 56° 1' N. Pop, 2,260.
Christianstadt, t. Prussia, on the Bober, 54 m.
N. E. Dresden.
Ckristiansted, t. Santa Cruz, on the N. side of
the island, defended by a fortress. Lon. 63° 23'
W. Lat. 17° 46' N,
Christianville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Christiansund, s-p. Norway, in Drontheim.
Lat. 63° 6' 35" N.
Christinaham, t. Sweden, at the N. E. extrem-
ity of lake Wener, 16 m. E. Carlstadt. Pop.
2,020.
Christinastadt, s-p. Finland, Lon. 21° 9' E.
Lat 62° 16' N.
Christmas Harbor, a good and safe bay, on the
N. coast of Kerguelen's land.
Christmas Island, in the Pacific, 15 or 20 leagues
in circumference. Lon. 215° 53' E. Lat. 59°
57' N.
Christmas Sound, a bay, on the S. coast of Ter-
ra del Fuego. Lon, 70° 16' W. Lat. 55° 27' S.
Cheoma, r. Siberia, falls into tlie Northern
ocean. Lon. 139° 14' E, Lat, 73° N,
Chrudim, a circle of Bohemia. Pop, 245,000.
Chrudim the capital, is on the Chrudimka, 50 m.
E. Prague. Lon. 15^ 40' E. Lat, 49° 53' N. Pop.
4,514.
Chrudimka, r. Bohemia, which falls into the,
Elbe near Konigingratz.
Chuapa, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, in S. lat, 31° 40'.
Chucken/a, t. Hind, in Bengal, 42 m. S. Islama-
bad.
Chuckwah, t. Hind. 13 m. S. E. Bahar.
Chucuito, a province of Buenos Ayres, 75 miles
long, and about 50 broad, on the shores of the great
lake Chucuito, orTiticaca, Chucuita, the capital,
is in lat, 16° 30' S, lon, 70° 30' W,
Chucuito, or Titicaca, a lake ofS, America, be-
tween the two Cordilleras of the Andes, in the N.
W. part of Buenos Ayres, It is 240 miles in cir-
cumference. There are several islands in the
lake, in the largest of which the Incas formerly
had a magnificent temple dedicated to the sun. S.
lat. from 15° 35' to 17° 20'.
Chudleigh, t. Eng, 9 m, W. S. W. Exeter.
Ch7ilM, a castle of Bootan. Lon. 89° 27' E. Lat.
27° 20' N.
Chumbe, v. Quito, in Cuenca. Lat. 3° 10' S.
Chunibivilcas, t. Peru, 90 m. W. Cusco.
Chumleigh, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Dart,
194m. W.London.
Chumperpore, t. Hind. 6 m. W. Boglipore,
Chunar, district. Hind, in Allahabad, between
25° and 26° N, lat. bounded N. by the Ganges.
Chunargur, t, and celebrated fortress, Hind, in
Allahabad, on the Ganges, in lat. 25° 9' N. lon.
82° 54' E. The fort is built on the top of a solid
rock, which projects into the river. It was ceded
to the British in 1763. The town of Chunar is
18^
G I N
t I R
east oi the fort, and witiiin reach of its g^uns. Near
the town are quarries of excellent free stone for
buildin^. It is a station of the inA'alidsofthe Brit-
ish army, and the Church Missionary Society
have schools and missionaries here.
Chu7iquen, isl. near the coast of Cliili. Lat. 44°
50' S.
Chupparah, t. Hind, in AUaliabad, on Bein
Gunga river. Lon. 80° 2' E. Lat. 22= 22' N.
Chuprah, t Hind, in Bahar, on the N. bank of
the Ganges. Lon. 84° 46' E. Lat. 23° 46' N.
Chuquibamba, t. Peru, cap. of Condesuyos de
Arequipa, 4 leagues from Camana.
Chuquisaca. See Plata, (La.)
Church, States of the. See States of the Church.
Church creek, t. Dorchester co. Md. at the head
of Church creek, a branch of Hudson river, 7 m.
S. W, Cambridge.
Church Hill, p-v. Queen Anne's co. Md. 8 m.
N. E. Centreville.
Church Hill, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C.
Churchill, Cape, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 95°
5' W. Lat. 58° 54' N.
Churchill River, N. America, falls into Hud-
son's bay, in lat. 59° N.
Church Strelton, t. Eng. 13 m. S. Shrewsbury.
Church town, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. E. N.
E. Lancaster, 50 W. N. W. Philadelphia,
Churco, s-p. Caramania, 20 ni. E. Selefke.
Churualden, v. Switzerland, 5 m. S. E. Caire.
Chusistan, province, Persia, bounded N. by
Irak Agemi, E. by Faristan, S. by the gulf of Per-
sia, and W. by the Tigris.
Chuta Boggah, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. W. Bet-
tiah. Lon. 84° 26' E. Lat. 26° 53' N.
Chuttergunge, t. Bengal, 32 m. S. S. W. Burd-
■wan. Lou. 87° 38' E. Lat. 22° 48' N.
Chmcah district, Hind, in Gujerat, between 23°
and 24° N. lat. Janagur is the chief town.
Ciacacole, circar. Hind, on the W. side of the
bay of Bengal, between 17° and 20° N. Lat. and ex-
tending about 60 miles inland. It belongs to the
British. Cicacole, the capital, is in lon. 83° 57'
E. Lat 18° 21' N.
Cicasica, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded
E. by Cochabamba, S. E. by Paria and Oruro, S.
W. Pacagcs, and iV. W. by Omasuyos. Pop.
50,000. 'The capital is of the same name.
Cicero, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake,
8 m. N. Salina, 57 W. Utica. Pop. 252.
Ciechanou; t Poland, 40 m. N. Warsaw.
Ciechanowiec, t. Poland, 75 m. N. E. Warsaw.
Cieux, t. France, 13 m. N. W. Limoges.
Cifuentes, t. Spain, 22 m. S. Siguenza.
Cilicia, in Sac. Geog. a country of Asia Minor,
between lat 36° and 40° N. bounded N. by Cap-
padocia and Armenia, E. by the mountains of
Amanus, S. by the Mediterranean, and W. by
Pamphylia. Its chief city was Tarsus. It now
forms part of Caramaaia.
Cillei/, t Austrian empire, cap. of the circle of
Cilley, 130 m. S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 24' 45"
E. Lat 46° 40' N. Pop. 2,100.
Cimbrishamn, s-p. Sweden, 24 m. S. Christian-
stadt
Citnone, mt. of the Appennines, nearly 7000 feet
above the sea.
Cinaloa, formerly a province of Mexico, but
now forming the S. part of the Intendancy of So-
nora.
Cinaloa, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which
falls into the gulf of California. Lat. 25° 50' N.
Cincinnati, p-t and cap. Hamilton co. Olaio,
wear the S. W. comer of the State, on the 2i. bank
of Ohio river, 20 m. above the mouth of the
Great Miami, 93 W. by S. Chillicothe, 175 N,
E. Louisville, 102 N. N. E. Frankfort, 465 below
Pittsburg, by water. Lou. 84° 27' W. Lat. 39° 6'
IN'. It is regularly laid out, in a pleasant and
healthy situation, and is one of the most flourish-
ing towns west of the Alleghany mountains. The
growth of Cincinnati has been rapid, almost with-
out a pandlel. In 1 805, the population was 300 ;
in 1810, 2,540 ; in 1815, it was estimated at 6,500^
and in 1820, it was 9,732. In 1819, it contained a
court-house, 3 brick market-houses, 4 printing-
offices, a steam flour-mill, built of stone, 9 stories
high, a steam saw-mill, 1 woollen and 4 cotton
factories, 2 glass-houses, and several other manu-
facturing establishments ; 4 banks, and a Lancas-
terian school, and 9 or 10 houses of public worship
for different denominations. The funds of the
Lancasterian school have lately been increased by
a subscription of 30,000 dollars, and it is intended
to erect it into a college. Cincinnati is the most
flourishing commercial town between Pitt'^burg
and New Orleans. About 130,000 barrels of flour
were inspected here during the year ending April
1st, 1819, and more than 120,000 bushels of salt
imported. A company has been recently fonned
for the purpose of importing goods directly from
Europe, by the way of New Orleans.
Cincinnatm, p-t Cortlandt co. N. Y. 14 m. S. E
Homer, 140 W. Albany. Pop. 252.
Cineji, t. Sicily, 20 m. W. Palermo.
Cingoli, t. Italy, 22 m. S. W. Ancona.
Cinncroth, in Sac. Geog. See Gennesareth.
Cinqmars, t France, 1 1 m. N. W. Tours.
Cinque Ports, sea-ports of Eugland, on the
coasts of Kent and Sussex : viz. Dover, Sandwich,
Hithe, Romney, Hastings, Rye, Winchelsea, and
Seaford. Their number was originally (we ; ihr
three last having been added subsequently to the
first institution. They were bound, in considera-
tion of certain privileges, to furnish a number ot
vessels, equipped and manned, to be at the dispo-
sal of the sovereign in any emergency.
Cintegabelle, t. France, 17 m. S. Toulouse.
Cinthiania, p-t Harrison co. Ken. on a branch
of the Licking river, 13 m. N. Paris, 24 N. Lexing-
ton. Pop. 369. It contains a bank and an acade-
my.
Cintra, or Sinlra, v. Portugal, in Estremadura.
It is chosen by the nobility and English residents
in Lisbon for a summer retreat. 15 m. N. W,
Lisbon.
Cintruenigo, t Spain, 9 m. N. W. Cascante.
dotal. La, 9-p. France, on the Mediterranean.
It has a good harbour. The neighbourhood is fam-
ed for excelleut muscadel wine, which forms, with
oil and fruit, the chief object of exportation. 12
m. S. E. Marseilles, 16 W. Toulon.
Cipieres, t France, in Var. 10 m. N. Grasse.
Cira, t Sardinia, 32 m. N. E. Cagliari.
Circars, Northern, an extensive province of
Hindostan, 60 miles broad, on the W. side of the
bay of Bengal, between 13° and 20° N. lat. boun-
ded S. E. by the sea, N. by Cuttack, and S. by the
Carnatic. It was divided into five districts, or cir-
cars, viz. Guntoor, Condapilly, Eilore, Rajamun-
dry, and Cicacole. The country is very fertile,
and produces all kinds of grain, tobacco, sugar,
and cotton. The manufactures are salt, muslin?,
chintzes, calicoes, and other goods. Pop. 2,500,000,
the greater part of whom are Hindoos. Tiiis
country was ceded to the British in 1765, who'
C I T
have divided it into five districts or collectorships,
over each of which presides a European collec-
tor, judge, &c.
Circassia, a country of Asia, occupying a great
part of the territory between the Black and the
Caspian seas. It is on the N. declivity of the Cau-
casian mountains, and bounded N. by the rivers
Terak and Cuban. The limits of this country
are very ill defined. The territory so designated,
is actually filled with a multitude of small, inde-
pendent, and hostile tribes. They acknowledge a
species of vassalage to Russia, but they neither
pay tribute nor perform military service ; and
even indulge in regular plundering excursions
into the Russian territories. The men are tall,
and of an athletic, though slender form ; their
features are expressive, their air haughty and
martial. The beauty of the females has been
long celebrated throughout Europe ; and Circas-
sian captives are considered as the brightest orna-
ments of an eastern seraglio.
Circello, or Monte Circello, a promontory, Italy,
in the Campagna di Roma, 28 m. W. Gaeta, 50
S. E. Rome.
Circleville, p-t. and cap. Pickaway co. Ohio, on
the E. side of the Scioto, 26 m. S. Columbus, 19
N. CliiUicothe. Lon. 81 « W. Lat. 39° 36' N. It
is situated on two mounds of earth, one circular,
the other square ; the areas of which, together,
contain nearly 20 acres. The town is built prin-
cipally on the circular mound, and hence derives
its name. The adjacent country consists of rich
and fertile lands.
Cirella, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m. S. S.
E. Scalea. Lon. 15° 55' E. Lat. 39° 48' N.
Cirencester, or Ciceter, t. and borough, Eng. in
Gloucestershire, on the Churn, 89 m. N. W. Lon-
don, 17 S. E. Gloucester. Lon. 2° W. Lat. 51°
44' N. Pop. 4,540.
Cirie, t. Piedmont, on the Doria, 8 m. N. N. W.
Turin. Pop. 3,470.
Cirignola, La, t. Naples, 30 m. E. S. E. Lu-
ce ra.
Giro, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 22 m. N. N.
E. St. Severina.
Cismar, t. Holstein, 17 m. N. Travemunde.
Cismone, t. Venetian territory, at the junction
©f the Cismone and Brenta, 24 m. N. W. Tre-
vigio. •
Cistema, t. of the Popedom, 9 m. N. E. Nettuno.
Citadella, t. Venetian territory, 19 m. N. N. W.
Padua. Pop. 6,000.
Citemix, or Cisleaux, t. France, 3 m. E. Nuits.
Citluc, t. Dalraatia, 12 m. N. Narenza.
Citladella. See Ciudadella.
Citta Ducale, t. Naples, 18 m. W. Aquila.
Citta J^'ova, or JVaoia, t. Ecclesiastical State, 6
m. S. Loretto.
Citta Jiuova, maritime t. Istria, 60 m. E. Ven-
ice. Lon. 13° 20' E. Lat. 45° 35' N.
Citta delta Pieve, t. States of the Church, 69 m.
N. Rome.
Cilta Vecchia. See Malta.
Citta Fittoriosa, or Borgo di St. Angela, a for-
tified t. Malta, on a narrow neck of land with
a strong citadel. It is sometimes considered as
a suburb of La Valetla.
City-point, p-t. and port of entry, in Bermuda
hundred, Prince George co. Va. on James river,
20 m. below Richraoud, 12 E. Petersburg, 100
above Hampton roads. Lon 77° 31' 30" W. Lat.
37° 16' N. Vessels ef burden lie at this place to
G L A
183
load, and receive the goods from Richmond in
boats.
Civatella, t. and duchy, Naples, 3^1 m. N. by W.
Aquila.
Cnida delta, or Jamna, t. Minorca, on the N.W.
coast, about 30 m. fr. Port Mahon.
Ciudad, or Cividad Rodrigo, t. Spain, in Leon,
on the Agueda. It is a barrier fort on the side of
Portugal. On 10th of July, 1810, it surrendered
to tlie French, and continued in their possession
till 19th January, 1812, Avhen it was taken by
storm by the British under lord Wellington, after
a siege of 11 days. 30 m. E. by N. Coimbra, 43
S. S. W. Salamanca, 1 10 W. Madrid. Lon. 6° 33'
W. Lat. 40° 52' N. Pop. 10,000.
Ciudad Real. See C/iiapa.
Ciudad Real, i. Spain, in New Castile, cap. of
La Mancha; long noted for its manufacture oS
glove leather. 57 m. S. Toledo. Lon. 4° 3' W.
Lat. 39° N. Pop. 9,000.
Civeaux, v. France, in Vienna, 8 m. W. Mont-
morillon.
Cividad del Friuli, (an. Forum Julium,) t. Ve-
netian territory, on the Natisone, 10 m. N, E.
Udine. Pop. 4,000.
Citita Borella, t. Naples, 50 m. N- Capua.
Civita Castellana, t. States of the Church, 24 m.
N. Rome.
Civita Ducale, or Reale, t. Naples, 13 m. N. W^.
Aquila.
Civita Lavinia, t. Ecclesiastical States, 4 m. fr.
Veletri.
Civita Luparella, t. Naples, 2 m. N. Civita Bo-
rello.
Civita Mandonia, s-p. Naples, 15 m. N. N. E.
Bisignano. Lon. 16° 30' E. Lat. 39° 52' N.
Civita Vecchia, s-p. Italy, States of the Church,
and next to Ancona in commercial importance ;
35 m. N. E. Castro, 38 N. W. Rome. Lon. 11°
44' 45" E. Lat. 42° 5' 24" N.
Civray, t. France, 25 m. S. Poitiers.
Clackamns, r. Columbia-ri\er country, joins
tlie Wallaumut.
Clackmannan, co. Scotland, bounded S. E. by
Fife, S. and S. W. by the river Forth, N. and E.
by the county of Perth. It contains 48 square
miles. Pop. in 1811, 12,010. Famihes 2,781, of
which number 280 are engaged in agriculture,
and 893 in trade and manufactures.
Clackmannan, t. Scotland, in Clackmannan cd.
2 m. E.Alloa. Pop. 3,605.
Clagevfurt, i. Austrian empire, cap. of the
circle of Clagenfurt, on the Glan, 2 miles E. of
the lake of Wortli. Pop. 10,000. 50 m. N.
Trieste, 32 S. W. Vienna. Lon, 14° 20' E. Lat.
46° 37' 10" N.
Claggon Bay, Ireland, on the N. coast of Gal-
way. Claggcn Point, its cape, is in lat. 53° 34' N.
Clairac, \. France, 5 m. S. E. Tonneins. Pop.
5,900.
Clairborne, co. Mississippi, on the Mississippi,
Pop. in 1816, 3,506. Sla\es, 1,790. Chief town.
Port Gibson.
Clairborne, co. E. Tennessee, on Clinch river.
Pop. 4,798. Slaves, 327. Chief town, Tazewell.
Clairborne. See Fort Clairborne.
Clamicy, t. France, at the conflux of the Yonnp
andBeuvron, 18 m. S. Auxerre. Pop. 5,250.
Clara Elf. See Gotha Elf.
Claratumba, t. Poland, 4 rn. E. Cracow.
Clare, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 56 m. N/
N.E.London. Pop. 1.170.
184
C L A
Clare, co. Ireland, in the province of Munster,
separated by the Shannon from the county of Lim-
erick on the S. E. the Atlantic ocean encompasses
it on the W. the bay of Galway bounds it on the
N. and the counties of Galway and Tipperary on
the E. Pop. 100,000. Ennis is the capital.
Clare, v. Ireland, 17 m. N. W. Limerick.
Clare, isl. Ireland. Lon. 9° 23' W. Lat 51°
21' N.
Claremont, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river, opposite Windsor, Vt. 1 1 m. N. Charles-
town, 24 S. Dartmouth College. Pop. 2,094.
Claremont, co. in Sumpter district, S. C. Chief
town, Statesburg.
Clarence, or Willinck, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on
Tonnewanta creek, E. of Buffalo. Pop. 1,331.
Clarence'' s, (Duke of,) Slraif, on the N. W. coast
of America, between Duke of York's islands, the
continent and the isles of Gravina on the E. and
Prince of Wales .Archipelago on the W.
Clarendon, v. Eng. in Wilts, 77 m. W. London,
3 N. E. Salisbury.
Clarendon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 28 m. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1.798.
Claret, t. France, 20 m. N. Montpelier.
Claret, t. France, 1 1 m. N. Sisteron.
Claritza, s-p. Eu. Turkey, 20 m. E. Larissa.
Lon. 22° 54' E. Lat. 39° 45' N.
Clarke, co. Geo. in the Western district, boun-
ded N. W. by Jackson, S. W. by Apalachie river,
and N. E. by the Oconee. Chief towns, Athens
and Watkinsville. Pop. 7,628. Slaves, 2,594.
Clarke, co. Alabama, on the W. side of the
Tombigbee. Chief town, Woodstown.
Clarke, cb. Ken. Pop. 11,519. Slaves, 2,934.
Chief town, Winchester.
Clarke, co. Ohio, formed in 1818, from Cham-
paign and Green counties. Chief town, Spring-
field. Pop. in 1819, 8,065.
Clarke, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Fop. in 1815,
7,000. Chief town, Charleston.
Clarke, t Brown co. Ohio.
Clarke, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Wihning-
ton.
Clarke, co. Illinois, bordering on Indiana.
Clarkesborough, p-t. Jackson co. Geo. on a fork
of Oconee river, 10 m. S. Jefferson.
Clarkesfmrg, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 33 m. N. N.
E. Lenox, 125 W. Boston. Pop. 231.
Clarkesburg, p-t. Montgomery co. Md. 29 m. fr.
Washington.
Clarkesburg, p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Va. on
the E. side of the Monongahela, 40 m. W. Mor-
gan town.
Clarkesburg, t Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W.
Chillicothe.
Clarke'' s ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa,
Clarke'' s Fork, r. Missouri Territory, rises on
the E. side of the Rocky mountains, and falls into
the Yellow Stone, in lat. 45° 35' N.
Clarke'' s river, Columbia River country, rises in
the Rocky mountains, and after a course of about
900 miles, joins the Columbia, 600 miles above its
mouth.
Clarkestown, p-t. and cap. Rockland co. N. Y.
on the Hudson, 38 m. above New- York. Pop.
1,996.
Clarkesville, p-t. Greene co. Pa.
Clarkestille, t Mississippi, on the Mississippi, 30
m. above Natches.
Clarkesville, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ten.
on the N. side of Cumberland river, 30 m. below
Nashville. Lon. SS^" 57' W. Lat. 36° 25' N.
CLE
Clarkesville, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 8 m. W. Wil-
mington.
Clarkesville, t. Clarke co. Indiana, at the foot of
the falls of the Ohio, opposite Louisville, Ken. It
has a safe harbour for boats, and was settled in
1783, but contains only about 40 houses.
Clan/, t. France, 11 m. S. E. Cambray.
Clatsops, a nation of Indians, about 1,300 in
number, who reside on the S. side of Columbia
river, 2 miles from its mouth.
Clatt, v. Scotland, 10 m. S. Huntly.
Clauda, in Sac. Geog. see Gozzo.
Claveland, Cape, on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 147° 15' E. Lat. 19° S.
Claverack, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 3 m. E. Hud-
son. Pop. 3,593. It has a very rich soil, and the
inhabitants are wealthy farmers. The village is
on Claverack creek, which falls into Kinderhook
creek, 1 mile from the Hudson.
Clavij'o, V. Spain, 6 m. fr. Logrono.
Clausen am Eisach, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W. Brixen.
Clausenimrg, t. cap.of Transylvania, and of Clau-
senburg co. on the Little Szamos, surrounded
on all sides by lofty mountains. Pop. in 1797,
14,522. 145 m. N. N. E. Belgrade, 225 E. S. E.
Vienna. Lon. 23^ 34' 43" E. lat. 46° 44' 8" N.
Clausnitz, t. Saxony, 14 m. S. S. E. Freyberg.
Clausthal, t. Hanover, in the Upper Ilartz.
Here is the silver mint for that part of the Hartz
which belongs to Hanover. The inhabitans, who
amount to 8,000, are almost all miners. 25 m. N.
E. Nordheim. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 51° 48' N.
Clay, t. Eng. in Norfolk. Here are extensive
salt-works. Pop. 595. 123 m. N. E. London.
Clay, CO. Ken. Pop. 2,398< Slaves 141. Chief
town, Manchester.
Claye, t. France, 15 m. E. Paris.
Clay ponds, place on Cape Cod, Mass. on which
a light-house is erected, about 200 feet high.
Claysville, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
Clayton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Brad-
ford. Pop. 2,469.
Clayton, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Somerset.
Clayton's store, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Clear, Cape, Ireland, the S. extremity of the
island of Clear. Lon. 9° 24' W. Lat, 51° 19' N.
Clear creek, Ohio, empties into the Miami from
the E. below Franklin.
Clear creek, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 9 m. S. W.
Lancaster.
Clear creek, t. Warren co. Ohio.
Clearfield, co. in the centi-al part of Pa. on a creek
which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehan-
nah. Pop. 875.
Clearfield, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 875.
Clearfield, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 228.
Clecy, t. France, 10 m. W. Falaise.
Cledagh, the name of several rivers in Wales.
Of these, one falls into the Usk, in Monmouthshire ;
another into the Neath, in Glamorganshire; anoth-
er into the Muthvey, in Caermarthenshire ; and
another into the Clethy, in Pembrokeshire.
Cleden, i. France, 6 m. W. Pontcroix.
Cleden, t. France, 5 m. S. W. Carhaix. •
Clees, Les, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. W. Yverduh.
Clcgnerec, t. France, in Morbihan, 11m. N. W.
Pontivy. Pop. 4,000.
Clense, t. Hanover, 30 m. S. E. Luneburg.
Cleobury, or Cleobury Mortimer, t. Eng. in Shrop-
shire, on the Teme. Pop. 1,582. 7 m. S. W.
Tenbury.
Clerke's Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
190° 30' E. Lat. 63° 15' N.
C L I
Clerkc's Rocks, a cluster of rocky islets in the
\tlautic ocean, about 37 nx- S. E. of the island of
Georgia. Lat. 55° S.
Clermont, t. France, in Puy de Dome. The ca-
thedral, which stands in the centre of the town, is
one of the finest in France. The commerce of this
place is considerable ; it is the entrepot of the
greatest part of the- trade carried on between the
S. W. part of France and Paris, as well as that
carried on between Lyons and Bourdcaux. From
it likewise several neigfhbouring departments re-
ceive the greatest pax't of their imports. Here
are manufactures of paper, hats, leather, potter)^,
linen, serge, ratteens, druggets, and other woollen
stuffs. 50 m. S. Moulins, 78 W. Lyons, 232 S. Pa-
ris. Lon. 3° 5' E. Lat. 45° 46' N.
Clermont, t. France, 9 m. W. Agen.
Clerrmmt, v. France, 12 m. N. Grenoble.
Clermont, t. Savoy, 25 m. N. Chamberry.
Clermont, v. France, 8 m. from Limoux.
Clermont, t. France, 12 m. W. S. W. Verdun.
Clermont, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
15 m. below Hudson, 45 below Albany. Pop.
1,090. The elegant country-seat of the late Rob-
ert R. Livingston is in this town.
Clermont, co. S. W. part of Ohio, on Oliio river.
Pop. in 1815, 12,240. Chief town, Williams-
burg.
Clermont en Beauvaisis, L France, 38 m, N.
Paris. Pop, 2,100.
Clermont Lodeve, t. France, 12 m. W. Montpe-
iier. Pop. 5,430.
Clethy, r. Wales, which joins the Dungledy, 4
m. N. Pembroke.
Cleveland, a district, Eng. in Yorkshire, on the
borders of Durham.
Cleveland, p-t. and cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, at
the mouth of Cuyahoga river, on Lake Erie, 54 m.
N. W. Warren, 150 N. E. Columbus, 60 E. San-
dusky, 180 W. Buffalo, 131 N. W. Pittsburg, Pa.
Lon. 81° 46' W. Lat. 41° 31' N. It has a bank. It
is favourably situated for trade, and is one of the
principal places of embarkation on the Lake.
Cleves, formerly a duchy in the circle of West-
phalia, on the frontier of Holland, lying on both
sides of the Rhine, and containing 880 square
miles, with a population of 125,000, and yields
a yearly revenue of more than 200,000/. ster-
ling. It now forms part of the province of Ju-
liers-Cleves-Berg, which belongs to the king of
Prussia.
Cleves, or Cleve, the capital of the district of
Cleves, in the province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
is pleasantly situated, about 2J miles from the
Rhine, (with which it has communication by a
canal,) and nearly 8 mile? from the Maese. 12m.
S. E. Nimeguen, 65 N. W. Cologne, 70 S. E. Am-
sterdam. Lon. 6° 7' 6" E. Lat. 51° 47' 40" N.
Pop. 5,000.
Cleves, t King George's co. Va. on the Rappa-
hannock, 2 m. N. Port Royal.
Cleves, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. bend of
the Ohio, 16 m. W. Cincinnati.
Clew Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 53°
49' N.
Clifford, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 675.
Clifton, V. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 1 m. W.
Bristol. It can scarcely be exceeded in romantic
scenery. Pop. in 1811, 6,981.
Clifton, t. Eng. 5 m. !V. Manchester.
Clifton, V. Eng. in Yorkshire, in lat. 53° 27' 32"
N. Ion. 1° 12' 23" W.
C L I
185
Clifton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the head waters of the St Francis.
Clinch, r. Ten. rises in Virginia, and running S.
W. into Tennessee, unites with the Holston at
Kingston, to form the Tennessee. It is navigable
for Isoats 200 miles.
Clinch mountain, Ten. divides the waters oi'
Clinch and Holston rivers.
Clingen, t. Germany, in the principality of
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, on the Elbe.
Clinovo, or Kliuno, t. Turkish Dalmatia, 30 m.
E. N. E. Spalatro.
Clinton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada.
Clinton, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on lake,
Ontario.
Clinton, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 26 m. N.
Augusta. Pop. 1,050.
Clinton, CO. in the N. E. part of N. Y. bounded
N. by Canada, E. by lake Champlain, S. by Essex
CO. and W, by Franklin co. Pop. 8,032. Chief
town, Plattsburg.
Clinton, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson
river, below Hudson. Pop. 5,494. It contains 3
post-villages, Staatsberg, Pleasant \'alley, aui
Hyde-park, and 8 houses of public worship, 3 for
Quakers, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Re-
formed, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians ; and
has many manufactures.
Clinton, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y. in the N part of
the township of Paris, pleasantly situated on Oris-
kany creek, 9 m. W. S. W. Utica, 109 W. N. W.
Albany.
Hamilton college, near this village, was incor-
porated in 1812, and has been liberally patronized
by the legislature, and by individuals. It has a
president, and 3 professors, viz. 1 of languages, 1
of mathematics and natural philosophy, and 1 of
chemistry ; 2 tutors ; a library of about 2,000
volumes; and, in 1816, 69 students. The college
buildings are about a mile west of the village, on
a high hill, commanding a very extensive pros-
pect. They consist of an elegant stbne edifice, 4
stories high, containing 32 rooms for students, and
another 3 stories, containing a chapel, library
room, and laboratory. The number of students
is fast increasing, and in 1820 the trustees peti-
tioned the legislature for a grant to enable them to
erect a new building for their accommodation,
and for assistance in completing the chemical and
philosophical apparatus.
Clinton, p-t. and cap. Jones co. Geo. 20 m. W.
Milledgeville.
Clinton, p-t. Anderson co. Ten. on the N. side
of Clinch river, N. W. Knoxville.
Clinton, co. Ohio, between Warren and Fay-
ette counties. Pop. in 1815, 4,600. Chief town,
Wilmington.
Clinton, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, on Owl creek, li
m. N. W. Mount Vernon, 44 N. E. Columbus.
Clinton, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 3 m. N. Colum-
bus. Pop. in 1819, 500.
Clinton, t. .Jackson co. Ohio.
Clintonrille, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Clissa, V. Dalmatia, 10 m. N. Spalatro.
Clisson, t. France, in Lower-Loire, 13 m. S. E
Nantes. Lon. 1° 12' W. Lat. 47° 3' N.
Clitch, ibl. in the E. Indian ocean. Lon. 117° 1'
E. Lat. 8° 9' S.
Clithero, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 31 m. N. Man-
chester.
Clivegir, t. Eng. ia Lancashire, 3 va. S. E. Burn-
ley.
24
186
C O A
Cloche, La, a small isl. in lake Huron. Lon.
81° 48' W. Lat. 45° 43' N.
Clockville, p-v. Madison co. N. Y.
Clodagh, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Erne, 8 m. S. Enniskillen.
Clody, r. Ireland, which runs into the Bann, 3
m. S. Kilrea.
Clogher, v. Ireland, in Tyrone co. It is the see
of a bishop. 70 m. N. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 7<^
5' W. Lat. 54° 25' N.
Clogher Head, cape, on the E. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 6° 12' W. Lat. 53° 47' N.
Clolugh, r. Ireland, which runs into the Suir, 7
m. W. N. W. Waterford.
ClonakiUy, t. Ireland, 20 m. S. W. Cork.
Clonard, v. Ireland, 11 m. S. S. W. Trim.
Clones, t. Ireland, 10 m. S. W, Monaghan.
Clonfert, v. Ireland, 36 m. E. Galway.
Clonmell, t. Ireland, on the Suir, which is navi-
gable to Waterford, 22 m. W. N. W. Waterford.
Lon. 7° 42' W. Lat. 52° 14' N.
Clonmess, isl. on the N. W. coast of Ireland, 25
m. N. W. Londonderry.
Clonmines, t. Ireland. 15 m. S. W. Wexford.
Clontare, v. Ireland, 2\ m. N. E. from the castle
of Dublin.
Closter-Seven, t. Germany, 24 m. N. N. E. Bre-
men.
Chten, V. Switz. 5 m. N. N. E. Zurich.
Clova. See Cortachy and Clova.
Clocer-dale, p-v. Botetourt co. Va.
Clover-garden, p-v. Chatliam co. N. C.
Cloughmills, p-v. Laurens co. S. C
Clowey, lake, N. America. Lon. 106° 15' W.
Lat. 62° 20' N. It communicates, by Clowey
river, with Slave lake.
Cloyne, t. Ireland, 12 m. E. Cork. It is a bish-
op's see.
Cluden, or Cairn, r. Scotland, which runs into
the Nith, 3 m. N. Dumfries.
Clugny, isl. in the Indian ocean. Lon. 68° 40'
E. Lat. 48° 46' S.
Cluny, or Clugni, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 46 m. N. N. W. Lyons. Lon. 4° 40' E.
Lat. 46'° 26' N. Pop. 4,200.
Clus, t. Switz. 10 m. N. E. Soleure.
Cluse, La, t. Savoy, 23 m. S. E. Geneva.
Clusone, t. Italy, 18 m. N. E. Bergamo.
Clwyd, r. Wale?, in Denbighshire, which falls
into the Irish sea, 6 m. below St. Asaph.
Clybea, v. Africa, 42 m. E. Tunis.
Clyde, r. Scotland, rises in the S. part of La-
narkshire, and passing by Lanark, Hamilton, Glas-
gow, Renfrew, Dumbarton, &;c. forms an arm of
the sea, called the frith of Clyde. It is navigable
to Glasgow.
Clyde, r. Vt. runs into lake Memphramagog, in
Derby.
Clydesdale. See Lanark.
Clythness, cape, Scotland, on the coast of Caith-
ness." Lon. 3° 18' W. Lat. 58° 20' N.
Coa, r. Portugal, which falls into the Duero, 12
m. S. St. Joanno de Pesquiera.
Coa, isl. in the E. Indian sea. 'Lon. 121° 51' E.
Lat. 8° 50' S.
Coalmines, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va.
Coalsmouth, p-v. Kanhawa co. Va.
. Coanama, r. Guiana, AvJiich runs into the At-
lantic. Lon. 54° W. Lat. 5° 35' N.
CoaTiawini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At-
lantic. Lon. 51° 56' W. Lat. 2° 55' N.
Coango, r. W. Africa, and one of the principal
tributaries to the Congo or Zaire.
c o c
Coanza, r. W. Africa, which runs into the At-
lantic. Lon. 13° 20' E. Lat. 9° 30' S.
Coari, or Carori, r. S. America, which falls into
the Amazons in about 4° 5' S. lat.
Coasina, t. Corsica, 22 m. N. Porto Vecchia.
Coast, Cape. See Cape Coast.
Coatesville, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Coatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean. Lat. 15° 12' N.
Coavo, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
ocean. Lat. 8° 40' S.
Coautla, t. New Spain, 75 m. S. Mexico.
Coba^ua, isl. in the Caribbean sea, near the
coast of S. America. Lon. 64° 26' W. Lat. 10°
50' N.
Cohan. See Vera Paz.
Cobbe, t. Africa, in Darfur ; a place of conside-
rable commerce. Pop. 6,000. Lon. 28° 8' E.
Lat. 14° 11' N.
Cobbesseconte, r. Kennebec co. Maine, is formed
of two branches, which unite in Gardiner, and
falls into the Kennebec.
Cobelskill, or Cobuskill, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y.
on Cobus creek, 7 m. W. Schoharie, 35 fr. Alba-
ny. Pop. 2,494.
Cobham, t. Surry co. Va. on the S. bank of
James river, opposite Jamestown, 8 or 9 m. S.W.
Williamsburg.
Cobi, an immense desert, in Chinese Tartary,
lying N. W. of China proper. The Chinese call
it Chamo or Shamo. Its dimensions are variously
estimated, but it is at least 300 miles long, and
300 broad, and consists of vast plains of sand,
sometimes moveable, and sometimes firm.
Cobijah, s-p. Peru, near Atacama. Lat. 22°
25' S.
Coblentz, t. of the Prussian states, cap. of the
province of the Lower Rhine, and the former
capital of the electorate of Treves, stands in a
delightful country, at the conflux of the Rhine
and Moselle, opposite the fortress of Ehrenbreit-
stein. The situation of the place is highly fa-
vourable for trade, as it has direct communication
with France by the Moselle, and with Germany
and Switzerland by the Rhine. 36 m. N. W.
Mentz, 48 S. E. Cologne, 54 N. E. Treves. Lon.
7° 33' E. Lat. 50° 22' N.
Coblentz, t. Switz. 10 m. N. N. W. Baden.
Cobra River. See Ancober.
Cobre, El, t. Cuba, 10 m. W. St. Jago.
Cobscook, p-t. Washington co. Maine.
Coburg, or Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a duchy, com-
posed of detached territories, the largest of which
lies in the centre of Germany, and is bounded by
Bavaria on the S. and on all other sides by
Schwarzburg, and other Saxon ducal possessions,
and the principalities of Schwarzburg. Since
1816, it has been composed of the principality of
Coburg, the principality of Saalfeld (or the Saal-
feld portion of Altenburg), the bailiwick of The-
mar, and a district in the former department of
Sarre, on the west side of the Rhine ; the whole
containing 572 sq. miles. Pop. 80,012. The in-
habitants are generally Lutherans.
Coburg, the capital of the foregoing duchy, is
on the Itz or Itsch. It is the ordinary residence
of the duke, and has a celebrated academy. 23
m. N. Bamberg, 40 S. S. W. Weimar, 100 E. N.
E. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 10° 58' E.
Lat. 50° 15' 18" N.
Coca, t. Spain, 22 m. N. W. Segovia.
Coca, r. S. America, in Quito, formed by the
different streams which rise in the mountain des-
c o c
COG
187
ert of Cotopaxi. It holds for a great extent, on a
parallel course with the Nato, into which it falls
about 200 leagues before its junction with the
Amazon.
Cocconato, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. Asti.
Cocha, two settlements, Peru ; and one, Quito.
Cochabamba, province, Buenos Ayres, bounded
N. by the Andes, S. E. by Misque, S. by Charcas,
S. W. by Oruro, W. and N. W. by Cicasica. It
is small, but wonderfully fertile, producing grain
and sugar in abundance. The inhabitants are
active and industrious, and during the late wars
in Europe, supplied the whole interior with glass
and cotton manufactures. Sq. miles, 3,400. Pop.
100,000.
Cache, isl. in the Atlantic. Lon. 64° W. Lat.
10° 45' N.
Cocheco, or Dover river, N. H. runs into tlie Pis-
cataqua, 4 m. below Dover.
Cocheim, t. Germany, on the Moselle, 27 m. S.
W. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 7' E. Lat. 50° 12' N.
Cochin, a small province of India, on the W.
side of the peninsula, bounded N. by Calicut, E.
by Dindigul, S. by Travancore, and W. by the
sea. Its chief products are rice, pepper, cocoa
nuts, and teak timber. The rajah is under the
protection of the British.
Cochin, s-p. Hind, and cap. of Cochin, is on an
island at the mouth of the Cali Coylang river. It
was founded by the Portuguese in 1503, taken by
the Dutch in 1663, and retained by them till 1795,
when it was taken by the English, who still hold
it. An extensive commerce is carried on with
Arabia, Persia, Bengal, and the sea coast of India.
Lon. 76° 8' E. Lat. 9° 58' N.
Cochin-China, a country, in the S. E. of Asia,
forming part of the peninsula between China and
Hindostan. It extends upwards of 400 miles along
the sea of China, between 11° and 17° N. lat.
and has for its inland boundaries Tungquin, Laos,
Cambodia, and Tsiompa. It consists of a long
plain or stripe, included between tlie sea coast,
and a chain of mountains. This plain is of most
exuberant fertility, producing copiously all the
tropical productions, particularly rice and sugar.
During the last 20 years, Cochin-China has been
troubled with violent civil wars, in the course of
which, the contending parties made great efforts
to form an army and navy after the European
model. In the course of two years, the reigning
prince constructed 300 large gun-boats, five lug-
gers, and a frigate ; he also formed his land forces
into regular regiments, and procured the transla-
tion of a system of military tactics. His army is
estimated at 113,000 men, of whom about 40,000
are trained in the European manner. Within a
few years, he has subjected the neighboring coun-
tries of 'I'ungguin, Cambodia, and Tsiompa. The
country has been repeatedly invaded by the Chi-
nese, but without success.
The reigning religion isthatof Aubuddha. — The
trade is principally with China, to which it ex-
ports sugar, particularly sugar-candy, woods,
canes, spices, drugs, and gold.
Cochran's store, p-v. Person co. N. C.
Cochransville, p-t. Chester co. Pa.
Cochrane, Point, on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca, in Prince William sound. Lon. 212° 16' E.
Lat. 60° 46' N.
Cockburne, JV. H. See Columbia.
Cockburn Islands, near the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 217° J 8' ^^'. Lat. 11« 52' S.
Cockbums-path, v. Scotland, 7i m. S. E. Dun-
bar.
Cocke, CO. E.Tennessee, on the S. side of French
Broad river. Pop. 5,154. Slaves, 436. Chief
town, Newport.
Cockcnsie, s-p. Scotland, 1^ m. N. E. Preston-
pans.
Cocker, r. Eng. joins the Derwent, at Cocker-
mouth.
Cockermouth, t. Eng. in Cumberland, at the
confluence of the Cocker and Derwent, 12 m. S.
by E. Keswick. Pop. 2,964.
Coco, r. Mexico, falls into the Pacific. Lat. 7°
B'N.
Coco, isl. near the coast of Veragua. Lon, 82°
30' W.
Cocoa Island, part of the group of the Poggy
islands, near the west coast of Sumatra. Lat. 2°
29' S.
Cocoa JVut Bay, on the W. coast of Roberts'
island. Lon. 219° 48' E. Lat. 7° 35' S.
Cocoa J^ut Point, the S. extremity of the island
of Gilolo. Lon. 128° 26' E. Lat. 0° 44' S.
Cocorocuma, isl. in the Spanish main, Lon. 82°
26' W. Lat. 15° 50' N,
Cocas Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 273° 6' E.
Lat. 5° 35' N.
Cocumont, t. France, 6 m. S. W. Marmande.
Codbeck, r. Eng. in Yorkshire, joins the Willow-
beck at Dalton.
Coddors, r. Asia, which falls into the Black sea.
Lon. 42° 14' E. Lat. 44° N.
Code, r. Panama, runs into the Spanish main, in
lon. 80° 35' W.
Codagno, {Cotoneum,) t. Lombardy, near the
conflux of the Adda and the Po, 4 m. W. Pizzighi-
tone. Pop, 8,000.
Cordolan, Cape, on Formentera, one of the Pi-
thyusse islands. Lon, 1° 30' E. Lat. 38° 41' N.
Cudolsberg, t, Bavaria, 8 m, W. Nuremberg.
Codarus, r. York co. Pa. runs into the Susque-
hannah.
Cadorus, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus, Pop.
1,975.
Codrell, isl. off the coast of Minorca.
Codropio, t. Ita)y, in Friuli, on the Stella, 10 ra.
S. S. W. Udina.
Cod''s ferry, p-v. Wabash co. Illinois.
Coei. See Allighur.
Coevorden, fortified t. Netherlands, on the river
Aa. It is one of the strongest fortresses of Hol-
land, forming the key to Groningen, Overyssel,
and Friesland. 30 m, S. Groningen. Lon, 6'^
33' E, Lat, 52° 42' N,
Coeuvres, t, France, 8 m, S. W. Soissons.
Coeymans, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson^
n m, below Albany, Pop, 3,574.
Coeze, t. Savoy, 10 m. S. E. Chamberry.
Coffey'' s ferry, p-v, Pulaski co. Ken,
Cogasza, t, Lombardy, 6 m. N, N. W, Brescia.
Caggeshall, t. Eng. in ilssex, on the Blackwater,
44 m, N, E, London, Pop, 2,471.
Caghnaicaga, Indian village, Huntingdon co.
Lower Canada, on the S, side of the St. Law-
rence. Pop. 900, Here is a church, and a mis-
sionary's house.
Cognac, or Coignac, t. France, in a fertile tract,
on the Chai-ente. Here is made the famous Cog-
nac brandy, 300 m. S. S. W. Paris. Lon. 19' 5 1"
W. Lat. 45° 41' 49" N. Pop. 2,850.
Cogni. See Conieh.
Cogtinto. or Casoreto, t, Gpuoese territory, .said
188
COL
COL
to be the birtii place of Columbus, 9 m. E. S. E.
Savona.
Cohanzy, or Casarea creek, N. J, rises in Salem
CO. and passing through Cumberland co. falls into
Delaware river, opposite Bombay Hook. It is
navigable for vessels of 100 tons, to Bridgetown,
20 m. from its mouth.
Cokasset, s-p. and p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 25 m.
E. Dedham, 25 S. E. Boston. Pop. 994. Cohas-
aet rocks, which have been fatal to many vessels,
lie oif this place, 3 m. from the shore.
Coilady, t. Hind. 15 m. E. Trichinopoly.
Coimbetoor, a district, in the S. of India, be-
hveen 10° and 12° N. lat. bounded S. by Dindi-
gul, E. by Salem and Kistnagherry, N. by My-
sore, and W. by Malabar. It has been in the pos-
session of the English since 1799, and is governed
by a European judge, collector, Sic. under the
presidency of Madras. Coimbetoor, the capital,
is defended by a citadel. Lon. 77° 6' E. Lat. 10'^
S8'N.
Coimbra, city, Portugal, cap. of Beira, on the
N. bank of the Mondego. It is the see of a bish-
op, and has a cathedral, 8 parish churches, and
several convents, and a celebrated university.
The university consists of 18 colleges, with 39
professors, and on an average, 800 students. This
place was formerly the residence of the kings of
Portugal. 60 m. S. S. E. Oporto, 96 N. N. E.
Lisbon. Lon. 8° 24' 44" W. Lat. 40° 12' 30" N.
Pop. 11,871.
Coi7icy, t. France, 6 m. N. Chateau Thierry.
Coire, t. Switzerland, cap. of the canton of the
Grisons, on the Plessur, near its junction with the
Rhine, which here begins to be navigable by rafts.
55 m. S. Constance. Lon. 9° 25' E. Lat. 46° 50'
N. Pop. 2,500.
Coitsville, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. S. E.
"Warren. Pop. 429.
Cokalahiskit, r. N. America, rises in the Rocky
mountains, and, after a course of about 300 miles,
enters Clark's river, a branch of the Columbia,
iji lon. 113° W. lat. about 47° N.
Col de Balaguer. See Balaguer.
Colaba, isl. on W. coast of Hind. 20 m. S. Bombay.
Colalto, t Venetian territory, 14 m. N. Tre-
vigo.
Colangodu, t. Malabar. Lon. 76° 49' E. Lat.
10° 42' N.
Colapoor, a small independent Mahratta state,
on the W. coast oflndia, between 15°and 17° N.lat.
lying directly N. of the territory of Goa. It is the
only state on the W. coast totally independent of
the British. Colapoor, the capital, is in lat. 15°
40' N.
Colar, t. Hind, and cap. of a small district of the
same name. 135 m. W. Madras, 35 E. N. E.
Bangalore, Lon. 78° 19' E. Lat. 13° 8' N.
Colbene, s-p. Tripoli, 90 m. S. E. Mesurata.
Colberg, s-p. of the Prussian states, in Farther
Pomerania, on the Persante, i a mile from its
mouth, with a harbour in the Baltic. It is a for-
tress of some importance. 124 m. N. E. Berlin.
Pop. 4,499. Lon. 15° 27' E. Lat. 54° 8' N.
Colchagua, province, Chili, extending from the
Andes to the Pacific, 120 miles long, from E. to
W. and 96 broad. The capital is San Fernando.
Pop. 15,000.
Colchester, t. Eng. in Essex, on the Colne. It
has been encircled by walls, still partly standing,
and contains a castle, which was a place of great
strength. It has 12 parish churches. The prin-
cipal mauufacture consists of woollen cilQths. par-
ticularly baize. Vessels of 100 ton3 or more can
come up to the town. Pop. 12,544. 18 m. S. S.
W. Ipswich, 51 N. E. London.
Colchester, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Erie, at the mouth of Detroit river.
Colchester, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, at the mouth of Onion river, 5 m. N. Bur-
lington. Pop. 657.
Colchester, p-t. New-London co. Ct. 15 m. W.
Norwich, 25 S. E. Hartford. Pop. 2,697. Bacon
Academy, in this town, was founded in 1801. Its
funds are $30,000. It is a flourishing institution,
and has annually about 90 scholars. The acade-
my-building is of brick, 75 feet by 34.
Colchester, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 21 m. S,
Delhi. Pop. 885.
Colchester, t. Fairfax co. Va. on Occoquam
creek, 4 m. above its confluence with the Potomac^
16 m. S. W. Alexandria, 106 N. Richmond. The
creek is navigable to this place for boats.
Colding, or Koldingen, t. Denmark, in Jutland,
on the E. coast. 24 m. N. E. Ripen. 65 N. N.
W. Sleswick. Lon. 9° 29° E. Lat. 55° 30' N.
Cold creek, Ohio, runs N. and falls into Sandus-
ky bay, a little W. of Sandusky. Its source is a
large spring covering an acre and a half of ground.
Cole river, N. H. runs into Connecticut river at
Walpole.
Cold spring, p-v. Cape May co. N. J.
Cold-spring cove, near Burlington N. J.
Cold-stream mills, p-v Hampshire co. Va.
Cole river, Va. runs into the Kenhawa from the
S. in lon. 81° 30' W.
Colebrook Dale, valley, Eng. in Shropshire, on
the banks of the Severn. Its iron works are the
most extensive in England, 14 m. S. E. Shrews-
bury.
Coleln-ook, p-t. Coos co. N, H. 40 m, N, Lancas-
ter, 111 N, Concord. Pop. 325.
Colebrook, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. N. N. E.
Litchfield. Pop. 1,243. Here are iron- works,
and several mills on Still river, a water of Far-
mington river.
Colebrook dale, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 792.
Coleraine, t. Ireland, on the Bann, 4 miles from
the sea. 25 m. E. N. E. Londonderry. Lon. 6*
29' W. Lat. 55° 8' N. Pop. 4,500.
Coleraine, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N. W.
Greenfield. Pop. 2,016.
Colerain, p-t. Bertie co. N. C.
Coleraine, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Fop. 834.
Coleraine, v. Camden co. Geo. on the St. Ma-
ry's river, 30 m. above St. Mary's.
Coleraine, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 876.
Coleraine, t. Ross co. Ohio, 15 m. N. E. ChiUi-
cothe. Pop. in 1819, 850.
Coleraine., t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Miami river,
15 m. above its junction with the Ohio. Pop.
1,058.
Coleraine, t. Belmont co. Ohio, N. E. Clairs-
ville. Pop. in 1819, 650.
Coleshill, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, 10 m. E,
Birmingham. Pop. 1,631.
Colesville, p-v. in W^indsor, Broome co. N. Y-
Colesrille, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Colesville, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va.
Colford, t. Eng. Gloucestershire, 5 m. S. E.
Monmouth.
Colin, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 28 m. E,
Prague.
Collahuas, a province of Peru, directly N. of
Arequipa. It is 52 leagues long, and 16 wide.
The capital is Cailloma.
COL
COL
189
Colle Duo, t. Naples, 23 m. S. W. Aquila.
Colleda, t. Germany, 12 m. N. Weimar.
Collen, t. Prussia, 18 m. S. E. Heilsberg.
Collemore' s ridge, a plantation in Lincoln co.
Maine. Pop. 46.
Colleton, district, S. C. Pop. 26,359. Slaves,
21,858. Chief town, Dorchester, or Parker's
Ferry.
Collin sville, p-v. Huntington co. Pa.
Collioure, a strong t. France, in Eastern Py-
renees, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 15 m.
S. E. Perpignan. Lat. 42" 31' 32" N.
Collong, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 101°
30' E. Lat. 302' N.
Collumpton, t. Eng. 1 1 m. N. Exeter.
Colmar, t. France, cap. of Upper Rhine, on the
Fecht and Laucht, which fall near this into tlie
Thur. The latter river discharges itself into the
111, about a league from Colmar, and rendering it
navigable, facilitates greatly the intercourse of the
town with Strasburg. 34 m. S. S. W. Strasburg.
Lon. 7° 22' 26" E. Lat. 48° 4' 44" N. Pop.
14,000.
Colmenar de Orej'o, t. Spain, in Toledo, district
ofOcana, 21 m. N. W. Talaverade laReyna.
Colmenar Viejo, t. Spain, 28 m. N. Madrid.
Colmnitz, t. Germany, 6 m. E. Frcyberg.
Cola, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames at
Staines ; another in Essex, which passes by Col-
chester.
Colnbrook, I. Eng, 17 m. W. London.
Colne, t. Eng. in "Lancashire, 32 m. N. Manches-
ler. Pop. 5,3'56.
Coined, Cape, on the coast of New California.
Lat. 30° 57' N.
Colo, t. Poland, 20 m. N. Kalisch.
Coloca, t. S. America, in Buenos Ayres, 12 m. N.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Colog7ia, t. Italy, 20 m. S. Vicenza. Pop.
6,200.
Cologn, a secularised archbishoprick, and elec-
torate of Germany, which now forms part of the
grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, belonging to
Prussia. Length about 90 miles ; breadth 14.
Pop. 217,000. '
Cologne, city, Germany, is built on the left
bank of the Rhine, in the form of a crescent, close
to the river, and fortified in the ancient manner.
It has long held a conspicuous rank in Catholic
Germany, both from the influence of its university,
and the number and zeal of its clergy. There are
9 collegiate churches, 2 abbeys, 19 parish church-
es, 17 monasteries, 39 nunneries, and 49 chapels.
From its favourable situation on the Rhine, it has
been noted for its commerce. The exports are
wine, timber, earthen ware, slates, &c. The
principal manufactures are linen, woollen, and
silk stuffs, with lace, thread, and the famous Co-
logne water. 20 m. S. E. Dusseldorf. Lat. 50°
55' N. Pop. 50,000.
Cologny, t. Switzerland, 2 m. N. E. Geneva.
Cologuola, t. Lombardy, 16 m. E. Bergamo.
Colombia, republic of, a name recently given by
the Spanish Patriots to nearly the whole of S.
America north of the equator, including the for-
mer viceroyalty of New Grenada, and captain-
generalship of Caraccas. But the independence
of this country is not firmly established. See Ca-
raccas.
Colombo, the capital of Ceylon, and the seat
of the British government on that island, is
on ths W. coast, in lat. 7° 4' N. The city is
i-egularl - built, though few of the houses are
above one story high. The inhabitants are a mix-
ture of all the nations of the east. The harbor is
nothing more than an open road, affording safe
anchorage only four months in the year, viz. from
December to April ; but, previous to the change
of the monsoon in May, all vessels are obliged to de-
part. The neighbourii.^' district produces the best
of cinnamon, which, with pepper, betel nut, ivory,
and pearls, constitute the principal exports. The
Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists have missiona-
ries and schools in Colombo. Lon. 79° 50' E.
Lat. 7° 4' N. Pop. 50,000.
Coloms, isl. Minorca, 2 m. from Cabo Bufiara.
Coloni, V. Palestine, 12 m. W. Jerusalem.
Coloniy Cape, on the W. coast of A. Turkey.
Lon. 26° 36' E. Lat. 39° 24' N.
Colonie, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the W. side of the
Hudson, 1 m. above Albany. Pop. 1,406. Here
are various manufactures, and a State arsenal.
The village of Colonie is now annexed to the city
of Albany.
Colonna, t. Ecclesiastical States, 12 m. from
Rome.
Colonna, Cape, Naples, on the E. coast of Cala-
bria. Lon. 17° 29' E. Lat. 39° 6' N.
Colonna, Cape, the S. E. point of Livadia.
Colonni, Cape, the S. point of Samos. Lon. 24°
2' E. Lat. 370 41' N.
Colonni, Cape, on the Morea. Lon. 24° 2* E.
Lat. 37° 36' N.
Colpo, T. Quito, falls into the Pacific, in lat,
58° N.
Colorado, r. N. America, which rises in the
Rocky mountains, in about lat. 40° N. and, run-
ning S. W. enters the gulf of California at its;head,
in 33° N. lat. It is about 1000 miles long,and is
said to be navigable for 300 miles from its mouth,
for sea vessels.
Colorado, Rio, or First Desaguero, large r. S.
America, after a course of nearly 1000 miles
through the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, falls into
the Atlantic, in lat. 39° 50' S.
Colorado, Rio de Texas, r. Mexico, runs into the
bay of St. Bernard in the gulf of Mexico, in lat.
29° 15' N.
Colorados, Los, t. S. America, in Tucuman, 105
m. N. Salvador deJujui.
Colomo, t. Lombardy, 7 m. N. Parma.
Colosse, in Sac. Geog. a celebrated and populous
city of Phrygia, in Asia Minor, on the Lycus, near
Laodicea and Hierapolis. It was destroyed by au
earthquake, A. D. 66.
Colosse, beautiful v. Cyprus, 30 m. S. E. Baffa,
Colouri, (an. Salamis,) isl. of Greece, in the
gulf of Engia, with a small sea-port. Lon. 23°
36' E. Lat. 38° N.
Colpoys Point, N. E. coast of tlie Prince ot
Wales's Archipelago. Lat. 56° 21' N.
Colville,Cape, New Zealand ; the N. E. point, at
the mouth of the river Thames. Lon. 194° 27'
W. Lat. 36® 36' N.
Colvmh, r. Eng. falls into the Ex.
Columbia, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 18 m. W.
Machias. Pop. 518.
Columbia, formerly Cockburne, p-t. Coos co. N.
H. on Connecticut river, 107 m. N. Concord. Pop,
142.
Columbia, p-t. Windham co. Ct S. W. Brook-
lyn. Pop. 834.
Columbia, co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hud-
son ; bounded N. by Rensselaer co. E. by Massa-
chusetts, S. by Dutchess co. W. by the Hudson,
190
COL
COM
which separates it from Greene co. Pop. 32,370.
Chief town, Hudson.
Columbia, t. Herkimer co. (N. Y.) S. Herkimer.
Columbia, p-v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y.
■ Columbia, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. side
of the Susquehannah, 10 m. W. Lancaster, 12 E.
York, 72 W. Philadelphia. It contains a baiik,
and 3 houses of public worship. A bridge is
thrown across the river at this place, 1^ miles in
length.
Columbia, District of, a tract of country, 10
miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120
miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United
States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in
1800, became the seat of the General Govern-
ment. It is under the immediate government of
Congress. Pop. 24,028. Slaves, 5,395. The
principal towns are Washington city, Alexandria,
and Georgetown. The amount of exports in 1810,
was $1,038,103, and in 1817, $1,768,658. The
amount of shipping in 1816, was 21,754 tons, A
Catholic college is established at Georgetown.
Columbia, p-t. Fluvanna co. Va. on the N. side
of James river, at the mouth of the Rivanna, 45
m. above Richmond, 35 from Charlottesville. It
has a warehouse for the inspection of tobacco.
Columbia, p-t. Richland district, S. C. and cap-
ital of the State, is at the confluence of Broad and
Saluda rivers, which unite to form the Congaree,
113 m. N. N. W. Charleston, 35 S. S. W. Camden.
Lon. 81° 7 W. Lat. 33° 57' N. It is regularly laid
out on an elevated plain, and contains a state-
house, court-house and jail, and 4 houses for pub-
lic worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopa-
lians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. The
healthy situation of the town, its position at the
head of boat navigation on the Congaree, and its
advantages as the seat of government, and of a
well conducted college^ combine to make it a
place of importance. Intercourse with Charles-
ton, by steam-boat, has lately been established.
South-Carolina college was founded in this
town by the legislature, in 1801, and is immedi-
ately under the patronage of the State. It has a
president, 4 professors, 2 tutors, more than 100
students, a well selected library of 5,000 volumes,
and a fine mathematical apparatus. Handsome
brick building? are erected for the accommodation
of the president, professors, and students. The Le-
gislature malie an annual grant to the college of
about $10,000, and are perpetually extending to it
a fostering hand. The Governor, Judges, and oth-
er great Officers of State, are Trustees ex-oflicio.
This college bids fair to be a most valuable insti-
tution foi South Carolina.
Columbia, p-v. Richland co. S. C..
Columbia^ co. Geo. on Savannah river. Pop.
11,242. Slaves, 5,980. Chief town, Aplington.
There is a post-office at the court-house.
Columbia, p-t. and cap. Maury co. Ten. on
Duck river, 40 m. S. Nashville.
Columbia, p-t. and cap. Adair co. Ken. 17 m.
from Greensburg. Pop. 175. Here is a bank.
Columbia, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Ohio riv-
er, 6 nv. E. Cincinnati, 1 below the mouth of the
Little Miaini.
Columbia, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 205.
Columbia, p-v. Gibton co. Indiana.
Columbia river, one of the largest rivers in N.
America, rises in the Rocky mountains, about lat.
55° N. and running S. W. falls into the Pacific
ocean, in 13146° 1 5' >'. between Cape Disappoint-
ment on the N. and Point Adams on the S. The
whole length of the river is estimated at 1500
miles. Its principal branches are the Wallau-
mut, Lewis river, and Clarke's river, all of
which empty on the S. E. side; the first 125
miles from its mouth, the second 413, and the third
about 600. Vessels of 300 tons may ascend the
Columbia, as far as the mouth of the Wal-
laumut. The tide flows up 183 miles, and large
sloops may ascend this distance. Seven miles fur-
ther up the navigation is interrupted by the great
rapids. Above the rapids, the river is navigable
for 65 miles, till it is interrupted by the long nar-
rows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above
the falls there are no obstructions for 150 miles, to
the mouth of Lewis river. The portages around
the great rapids, long narrows, and falls, are
in all 5 miles. — As you ascend the Columbia,
the country for the first 160 miles, is covered with
heavy timber, mostly of the pine species ; thence
the woods diminish gradually for 60 miles, till
nothing is found but stinted pines and shrub oaks.
— The banks of the Columbia are inhabited by
various Indian tribes, who subsist chiefly on the
salmon, which the river yields in immense quan-
tities. There is a white settlement at Astoria,
near the mouth of the river. See Astoria.
Columbiana, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, which
separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. in 1815,
13,625. Chief town. New Lisbon.
Columbiana, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 8 m. N.
New Lisbon.
Columbretes, islands, belonging to Spain, off the
coast of Valencia. Lat. 39° 56' N.
Columbus, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. N. E.
Norwich. Pop. 1,389.
Columbus, CO. N. C. Pop. 3,022. Slaves, 703.
Chief town, Whitesville. At the court-house, a
post-office is kept.
Columbus, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio, and capital of
the State, is on the Scioto river, just below the
confluence of the Whetstone, 45 m. N. Chillicothe,
60 W. Zanesville, 108 N. E. Cincinnati. Lat.
39° 57' N. Lon. 83° 3' W. The site is a pleas-
ant rising ground, on the E. side of the Scioto.
The town is regularly laid out, the streets crossing
each other at right angles. The growth of Co-
lumbus has been rapid. In 1812, the lots were
first exposed to sale, with the timber then stand-
ing upon them, and in 1819, the town contained a
handsome state-house, a building for the public
offices, and a penitentiary, all of brick ; a bank ;
a market-house ; 2 printing-oflices ; more than
200 houses, and 1,500 inhabitants.
Colyton, t. Eng. 6 m. N. Lyme.
Com. See Koom.
Comacchio, t. and fort, Italy, 28 m. E. Ferrara,
40 S. Venice.
Comania. See Daghestan.
Comau, t. S. America, on the Amazon, 6 m. N.
W. Macapa.
Comayagiia. See Valladolid.
Comb Martin, t. Eng. 14 m. N. Barnstaple.
CombaJice, r. S. C. runs into St. Helena sound.
Combahee ferry, on this river, is 17 m. fr. Jackson-
boro', 15 fr. Pocataligo.
Combe, t. Savoy, 9 m. N. N. W. Annecy.
ComJ)ermere, lake, Eng. in Cheshire.
Combourg, t. Brittany, 17 m. S. St. Malo. Pop.
4,200.
Combree, t France, 7 m. W. Segre,
Cornhrd-, t. France, 24 m. E. Alby.
COM
Comcreollj/, t. Bengal, district of Boosnah, on
Ihe Nouanga or Custee river. Lon. 89° 11' E.
Lat. 23° 52' N.
Comesazzo, r. Lombardy, falls into the Oglio.
Comillah, or Tipperah, t. Bengal, cap. of the
district of Tipperali. Lon. 91° 2' E. Lat. 23°
28' N.
Comin, Cape, on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lat.
40° 38' N.
Comines, t. Flanders, on the Lys, which divides
it into two parts, 8 m. N. Lille, 30 S. Bruges. Lon.
3° 4' E. Lat. 50^ 45' N. Pop. 2,200.
Comisario Punta, cape, on the coast of the Ca-
. raccas. Lon. 75° 25' W.
Camite, r. Mississippi, joins the Amite, 12 m. E.
Baton Rogue.
Commeiido, called also Guaffo, a territory on
the Gold Coast of Africa, formerly of groat extent,
but now much reduced. The principal town,
called Great Commendo, or Guaffo, is about nine
leagues from the coast. The resort of Europe-
ans, however, is the town on the coast, called Lit-
tle Commendo, where both the English and the
Dutch have a fort. Lon. 3° 34' W. Lat. 6°
12' N.
Commequieres, t. France, 17 m. N. Sables d'-
Olonne.
Commeragh, mountains, Ireland, 8 m. N. Dun-
garvon.
Commercy, t. France, on the Maese, 169 m. E.
Paris. Lon. 3° 40' E. Lat. 48° 46' N. Pop.
3,700.
Commewina, r. Guiana, falls into the Surinam,
about 10 m. fr. its mouth.
Commim, district, Hind, between 15° and 16°
N. lat. Commim, the capital, is in lon. 78° 55'
E. lat. 15° 31' N.
Commissioner's creek, Geo. runs into the Oco-
nee, 30 or 30 m. below Milledgeville.
Commorro Islands, in the Indian sea, about mid-
way between the N. part of Madagascar, and the
continent of Africa. They are four in number,
the Great Commorro, Johanna, Mohilla, and
Mayotta. The great Common-o is in lon. 43° IC
E. lat. 11° 56' S.
Communipa, v. Bergen co. N. J. on New York
bay, 2 m. S. W. Paulus-Hook.
Como, t. of the Austrian empire, in Italy, at the
S. W. extremity of the lake of Como, in a delight-
ful valley, inclosed on all sides by lofty mountains.
It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 14,700. The hou-
ses are neatly built of stone, and the public
buildings magnificent. An active trade is carried
on with Lombardy and Switzerland. 20 m. N.
Milan, 80 N. E. Turin. Lon. 9° 4' E. Lat. 45°
48' N.
Cojno, lake, Italy, between the county of Chia-
venna and the Milanese. It is 36 miles long, and
from 1 to 4 broad. The river Adda passes through
it. The surrounding country is highly pictur-
esque.
Comorin, Cape, S. extremity of the continent
of India. Lon. 77° 35' E. Lat. 7° 57' N.
Comom, t. and fort, Hungary, in the county of
Comorn, at the confluence of the Neutra with the
Danube. The citadel is accounted one of the
strongest in Europe. 38 m. S. E. Presbui^, 70 S.
by E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 7' E. Pop. 9,000.
Company's Island, in the Pacific, Lon. 151°
20' E. Lat. 46° N.
Compiegne, t. France, on the Oise, 48 m. N. E.
Paris. Lon. 2° 54' E. Lat. 49° 24' 59" -N,
CON
191
Composla, La, t. Savoy, 9 m. E. N. E. Cham-
berry.
Compostella, or St. Jago de Compostella, (an.
Briganlium,) t. and city, Spain, capital of Galicia.
It is the see of an archbishop. Poi>. 12,000. 98
m. W. Astorga, 270 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 8° 30'
W. Lat. 42° 52' N.
Compostella, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 400 m.
N. W. Mexico. Lon. 104° 40' W. Lat. 21° 10' N.
Compreignac, t. France, 10 m. N. Limoges.
Compton, t. 13uckingham and Richelieu coun-
ties, Lower Canada, about 60 m. S. Three-Rivers.
Pop. 700.
Comrah, t. Bengal, 27 m. N. N. W. Moorsheda-
bad.
Comrie, v. Scotland, 6i m. W. Crieff. Pop.
2,689.
Con, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Perth.
Conan, r. Scotland, composed of the Orrin,
Garve, Meig, and Lichart, falls into Cromarty
frith.
Conaquenesing creek, Pa. joins the Big beaver,
and 12 miles below, falls into the Ohio, at Beaver-
town.
Conawango. See Conewango.
Conca, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into the
gulf of Venice.
Concan, country. Hind, on the west coast of the
peninsula, between Bombay and Goa, extending
from 16° to 19° N. lat. 200 miles long, and 40
broad. This coast has been much infested with
pirates. — The principal towns are Choul, Ban-
coote, Severndroog or Dabul, Zyghur, Gheria,
Tamana, and Rajpore.
Concarneau, or Conq, s-p. France, 10m. S. S.E.
Quimper. Lon. 3° 57' 5" W.
Concellana, t. Naples, 5 m. S. Acerenza.
Conception, La, s -p. Veragua, at the mouth of
the Veragua, on the Spanish Main, 90 m. W. Pa-
nama. Lon. 81° 28' W.
Conception, bay, in the gulf of California.
Conception Bay, on the E. side of Newfound-
land, whose entrance is between Cape St. Francis
on the S. and Flamborough-head on the N.
Conception, t. Paraguay, 90 m. N. Assump-
tion. Lat. 23° 23' S.
Conception, settlement. New Grenada, on the
Meta. Lon. 71° 55' W.
Conception del Pao, t. Caraccas, 135 m. S. S.
W. Barcelona, 84 S. E. Caraccas. Lon. 65° 10*
W. Lat. 8° 42' N. Pop. 2,300.
Concha, San Martin de la. See (^uitlota.
Concfiachitou, t. Mississippi, on the Pascagoula.
Lon. 88° 43' W. Lat. 32° 15' N.
Conchas, settlement, 18 m. N. W. Buenos
Ayres.
Conchas, r. Brazil, falls into the Atlantic, in
lat. 5° 6' S.
Conchas, or Conchas, r. New Spain, runs into
the Rio del Norte, in lat. 31° N. after a course of
about 300 miles. It is the largest western branch
of the Rio del Norte, and receives in its course,
the Rio Florida from the E. and St. Paubla from
theW.
Conches, t. France, 37 m. S. Rouen.
Conchucos, province, Peru, bounded on the N.
by Guamachucos, S. by Caxatambo, E. by Gua-
malies, and W. by Huaillas.
Concize, t. Switz. 20 m. N. Yverdun.
Conclusion Port, on the E. coast of the S. ex-
tremity of King George Illd.'a Archipelago. Lat.
56° 15' N.
192
G O N
C O 1\
Coneobdla, t. Con^o, on the river Zaire.
Concord, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. and capital
of the State, stands on the Merrimack, 45 m. W.
N. W. Portsmouth, 60 N. N. W. Boston. Lon.
71° 30' W. Lat. 43° 12' N. Pop. 2,393. The
principal village is on the W. side of the river,
and contains a State-house, a State-prison, and a
Congregational meeting-house, 3 printing-offices,
a bank, and about 200 dwelHng-houses, situated
principally on the main-street. — The State-house
is a handsome stone building. The State-prison is
also of stone, and contains 36 cells. The prison-
ers are employed principally in making vpooden
screws. By means of Merrimack river and the
Middlesex canal, there is a boat communication
between this town and Boston, which greatly in-
creases its importance. Much of the trade of the
upper country centres here.
Concord, t. Grafton co. N. H. 68 m. N. Con-
cord.
Concord, p-t. Essex co. Vt on Connecticut riv-
er, 38 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 677.
Concord, r. Mass. formed by two branches,
which unite at Concord, whence it flows N. E.
and N. with a gentle current, through Bedford
and Billerica, and joins the M errimack in Tewks-
bury. Middlesex canal is supplied with water
from this river.
Concord, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Concord
river, 18 m. N. W. Boston, 30 E. N. E. Worces-
ter. Pop. 1,633. The courts of the county are
held alternately here, and at Cambridge. The
public buildings are a court-house and spacious
stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here
are 3 bridges across the river. — In this town, the
Provincial Congress met in 1774; and here the
first opposition was made to the British troops, on
the 19th of April, 1775.
Concord, t. Niagara co. (N. Y.) S. Buffalo.
Concord, p-v. Franklin co. Pa.
Concord, t. Delaware co. Pa. on a branch of
Chester creek, 21 m. S. W, Philadelphia. Pop.
1,061.
Concord, p-t. Sussex co. Del.
Concord, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Concord, p-t. and cap. Cabarras co. N. C. on
Rocky river, 20 m. S. W. Salisbur}'.
Concord, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
375.
Concord, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. W. Chillico-
the. Pop. in 1819, 1,810.
Concord, t. Highland co. Ohio.
Concord, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Concordia, t. Venetian territory, 30 m. E. Tre-
viso. Lat. 45° 45' N.
Concordia, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Mirandoca.
Concordia, co. Louisiana, on the Mississippi.
Pop. 2,895.
Concordia, p-t. and cap. Concordia co. Louis-
iana, on the Mississippi, opposite Natches.
Condapilly, one of the northern circars of In-
dia, between 16° and 17' N. lat. See Circars. —
Condapilly, the capital, is in lon. 80° 23' E. lat.
16°39'N.
Condatchy, t. Ceylon, which gives name to the
bay, in which is carried on a very extensive pearl
fishery. It is on the W. coast, 120 m. N. Colom-
bo. Lat. 8° 45' N.
Conde, t. France. It is one of the strongest
barrier-fortresses on the side of the Netherlands.
6 m. N. N. E. Valenciennes, 3 W. Mon?; Lon. 3°
34' E. Lat. 50° 26' N. Pop. 5,900,
Conde la Ferte, t. France, on the Marne, near
La Ferte.
Conde sur lion, or Conde VEveque, t. France,
14 m. S. W. Evreux.
Conde sur J^oireau, I. France, 20 m. S. Caen.
Pop. 3,000.
Condeon, t. France, 28 m S. E. Saintes.
Condesuios de Arequipa, a province in the S.
part of Peru, near the coast of the Pacific. The
capital is Chuquibamba.
Condom, t. France, on the Baise, 28 m. S. E.
Bourdeaux. Lon. 0° 26' E. Lat. 43° 57' N. Pop.
7,000.
Condor, Pulo, isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Cochin-China. Lon. 106° 42' E. Lat.
8° 40' N.
Condrieu, t. France, on the Rhone, 18 m. S.
Lyons. Pop. 4,050.
Cmiecocheague, r. rises near Mercersburg, Pa.
and runs into the Potomac, at Williamsport, Md.
8 m. S. the Pennsylvania line.
Conecak, r. Alabama, unites with the Escam-
bia, and runs into the St. Maria de Galvez, an
arm ot Pensacola bay.
Conedogvnnil creek, Pa. runs E. into the Susque-
hannah, a little above Harrisburg.
Conegliano, t. Venetian territory, 10 m. N. N.
E. Treviso. Pop. 3,650.
Conemaugh creek, Pa. rises in the Alleghany
mountains, and runs into the Alleghany, 29 m. N.
E. Pittsburg. At Chesnut ridge, it takes the name
of Kiskemanitas. Conemnugh sall-ivorks, are sit-
uated in Westmoreland and Indiana couflties, on
both banks of this creek, 1 m. above its confluence
whiththe Loyalhannon, and 15 N. E. Greensburg.
Upwards of 100 bushels of salt per day were produ-
ced at these works in 1816, and retailed at ^2 per
ushel.
Conemaugh, i. Somerset co. P«. . Pop. 381.
Conemaugh, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,167.
Conemaugh, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 639.
Concstago, r. Pa. runs S. W. into the Susque-
hannah, 15 m. below Columbia.
Coneslago, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,506.
Cdnewago, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 531.
Coneicango, r. rises in N. Y. and runs into the
Alleghany at Warren, Pa. It is navigable to its
sources, Chatauque and Casada Lakes, within 9
miles of Lake Erie.
Coneicango, t. "Warren co. Pa. Pop. 448.
Conflans, t. Savoy, 18 m. E. Chamberry.
Conjlans, t. France, at the conflux of the Aube
and Seine, 25 m. N. W. Troyes ; one, 12 m. N.
Vesoul ; one about a league from Paris.
Conjlans en Jurnisy, t. France, 12 m.W. Metz. "
Conjlans St.Honorine, t. France, 17 m. W. Pa-
ris.
Confolens, t. France, 27 m. N. W. Limoges.
Cong, V. Ireland, in Mayo, 16 m. W. Tuam.
Congaree, r. S. C. formed by the confluence of
Saluda and Broad rivers. After a course of 30
miles, it joins the Wateree to form the Santee.
Conglelon, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 161i m. N. VV.
London. Pop. 4,616.
Congo, an extensive country in the S. W of Af-
rica, between 6° and 8° S. lat. bo\mded N. by the
Zaire, or Congo, which separates it from Loango,
W. by the Atlantic, and S. by Angola. Its limits
in the interior are unknown. The Portuguese
have here several forts and factories, for carrying
on the slave trade. The vegetable productions are
maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, pepper, sugar
CON
CON
193
cane, and tobacco. The population of this coun-
try has been extravag-antly stated by the Portu-
guese, but Capt. Tuckey, and recent travellers,
contradict these accounts. The largest town vis-
ited by Captain Tuckey, did not contain above
100 huts, and 600 inhabitants. The prince who
can muster 200 troops, and arm half of them with
musquets, becomes the terror of all this part of
Africa.
Congo River. See Zaire,
Congoon, t. Laristan, in Persia, on the shore of
the Persian gulf. 1 10 m. S. Shiraz. Lon. 52° 5'
E. Pop. 6 or 7,000.
Congress, t. Wayne co. Ohio.
Conhocton creek, N. Y. runs into the Tioga at
Painted-Post, after a course of 70 miles.
Conhocton, t. Steuben co. (N. Y.) N. W. Bath.
Coni, t. Piedmont, at the conflux of the Stura
and Gezzo. It was till lately, a place of great
strength, but was dismantled by the French after
the battle of Marengo. Its trade is very brisk
with Lombardy, Switzerland, and Germany.
The principal articles are corn and hemp, but
silk is the only imjiortant manufacture. 35 m.
S. E. Turin. Lon. 7° 38' E. Lat. 44° 24 N. Pop.
10,000.
Conjee, district, Hind, in the Carnatic. intersec-
ted by the Palar river.
Conjeveran, t. Hindostan. Lon. 79° 45' E. Lat.
12° 48' N.
Coniglione, t. Sicily, 16 m. S. W. Palermo.
Cow?, ton the coast of Spain, 18 m. S. S. E. Ca-
diz. Lon. 6° 9' W. Pop. 3,000.
Conimeer, t. Hind. 12 m. N. Pondicherry.
Conisbrough, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. S. W.
Doncaster.
Coniston Lake, or Thurston Water, Eng. in
Lancashire.
Conits, t. W. Prussia, 60 m. S. W. Dantzic.
Conliege, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Lons le Saul-
nier.
Connaught, one of the 4 provinces into which
Ireland is divided, containing the counties of Gal-
way, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim and Roscommon.
Connecticut River, the largest river in New-
England, rises near the borders of Lower Canada,
and running south, divides New-Hampshire from
Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and
Connecticut, flows into Long-Island Sound, be-
tween Saybrook and Lyme. Its whole length is
410 miles. It is navigable for vessels drawing 10
feet water, 36 miles, to Middletown ; for small
sloops, 50 miles, to Hartford ; and by means of ca-
nals and other improvements, ithas been rendered
passable for boats to the Fifteen Mile Falls, 250
miles further. The perpendicular height of the
falls which have been overcome by dams and
locks between Springfield, in Massachusetts, and
Hanover, in New-Hampshire, a distance of 130
miles, is about 200 feet.
Connecticut lake, in the N. part of N. H, It is
about 5i miles long and 2^ broad, and is one of the
sources of Connecticut river. Lat. 45° 2' N.
Connecticut, one of the U. States, bounded N.
by Massachusetts ; E. by Rhode-Island ; S. by
Long-Island Sound, and W. by New- York. It
lies between 41° and 42° N. lat. and between 71°
50' and 73° 43' W. lon. It is 90 mile? long, 70
broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. Pop. in
1790, 237,946 ; in 1800, 251,002; in 1810, 261,942,
of whom 6,453 were free blacks, and 340 slayes.
The coast of this State is every where indented
with horbonrs. the principal Qf which are those of
25
New-London, New-Haven, and Bridgeport. The
principal rivers are the Thames, the Connecticut,
and the Housatonick. The face of the country is
hilly, but the hills are generally of moderate size,
and occur in quick succession, furnishing the trav-
eller with an ever-varying prospect. The great
body of the State is excellent land. Indian corn,
rye, grass, and potatoes, are the most important
productions.
Among the literary institutions are, Yale Col-
lege, in New-Haven, one of the oldest and most re-
spectable colleges in the United States ; an Epis-
copal Theological Seminary, also in New-Haven ;
Bacon Academy in Colchester ; the Episcopal
Academy at Cheshire ; the Asylum for the deaf
and dumb, in Hartford, and the school in Corn-
wall, for educating heathen youth. Common
schools are very liberally supported. The Statehas
a fund of more than 1,600,000 dollars, the income of
which is, by law, for ever applied to the support of
common schools. — The Congregationalists are the
most numerous religious denomination. In 1818,
they had 213 congregations ; the Episcopalian9
74 ; Baptists 90, and Methodists 53. There are
very few of any other sect.
Connecticut has a larger proportion of her citi-
zens engaged in manufactures, than any other
State, except Rhode-Island. The manufacture of
tin into culinary vessels, is carried on to a very
great extent. The ware, thus made, is taken by
pedlars, and sold in all parts of the United States.
The other manufactures are nails, glass, hats, but-
tons, fire-arms, and wooden clocks. — The trade of
Connecticut is chiefly with the West-India islands
and the Southern States. The exports consist of
horses, mules, butter and cheese, cider, Indian
corn, beef, pork, &c. Much of the produce of the
western parts of the State is carried to New- York,
and of the eastern parts, to Boston and Providence.
The amount of shipping belonging to the State in
1816, was 60, 104 tons.
Connecticut Reserve, often called jYew Connecti-
cut, is in the N. E. part of the state of Ohio, border-
ing on Lake Erie and the state of Pennsylvania.
It is 120 miles long from E. to W. and on an aver-
age, 52 broad, containing 4,680 square miles, or
3,000,000 acres. It is divided into 7 counties, and
is principally settled by emigrants from Massachu-
setts and Connecticut.
Conneought, creek, Ohio, runs into Lake Erie
in the N. E. part of the State.
Conneought, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Connesaugah, r. one of the head streams of the
Coosa. From the boatable part of this creek,
there is a portage of 8 or 10 miles to the boatable
part of the Amoy.
Connelsville, p-t. and borough, Fayette co. Pa.
on the N. side of the Youhiogany, at the head of
navigation, 200 m. from Washington, 33 from
Morgantown, Va. 255 from Philadelphia. Pop.
498. In its vicinity are several forges, merchant
mills, and other mills.
Connoie, bay, Newfoundland, 50 m. E. Cape
Ray.
Connor, v. Ireland, 17 m. N. Belfast.
Conoloway creek. Pa. runs into the Delaware
near Hancock's town, in Maryland.
Conotten creek, Ohio, runs into the Muskingum
6 or 8 m. above New Philadelphia.
Conques, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Carcassonne.
Conquet, Le, t. France, 16 m. W. Brest.
Conradsburg, Dutch fort on the Gold Coast,
Ccmraxfs store, p-r. Rookhigham co. Va. _
194
CON
Consar. See Klwnsar.
Conselve, t. Italy, 10 m. S. Padua. l*op. 6,700.
ComeCs Bay, Barbadoes, 10 m. N. E. Bridge-
town.
Constable, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. bordering on
Canada, 14 m. N. Malone, Pop. 916.
Constance, t. Baden, on the lake of Constance,
at the spot where the Rhine flows from the upper
into the lower lake. Constance is memorable for
the meeting of the famous council (between 1414
and 1418,) which sentenced John Huss and Je-
rome of Prague to the flames. 30 m. N. E. Zurich.
Lon. 9° 8' E. Lat. 47° 30' N. Pop. 4,420.
Constance, Lake of, a lake, 35 miles long and
about 12 broad, between Germany and Switzer-
land. It is divided into the Upper and Lower
lakes. The banks are fertile, well cultivated, and
lined with agreeable towns, villages, and castles.
Consiantia, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake.
Pop. 153.
Constantia, p-v. Acadia co. Louisiana.
Consiantia, t. and cap. Pope co. Illinois.
Constantina, t. Spain, 20 m. N. W. Cordova.
Conslantina, a province in the E. part of Al-
giers, bounded E.by Tunis, W. by Algiers Proper,
S. by the desert, and N. by the Mediterranean. It
is 230 miles long, from E. to W. and 109 broad. It
is the most fertile, best cultivated, and every way
the most improved part of the Algerine territory.
In 1806, the British concluded a treaty with the
dey of Algiers, by which they stipulated to pay
11,000/. annually, in consideration of which they
obtained possession of La Cala, Bona, and II Cul-
iu, with permission not only to trade, but even to
erect fortifications.
Constantina, the capital of the province above
described, occupies the site of Cirta, celebrated
as the ancient bulwark of Numidia. It is built on
a high rock, formed into a species of peninsula by
the Rummel. Here are to be seen many ruins of
the ancient city. 160 m. E. Algiers, 180 W. Tu-
nis. Lon. 6o 24' E. Lat. 36° 25' N.
Constantino Perez, isl. at the mouth of the Val-
divia, in Chili.
Constantinople, the ancient Byzantium, and
called by the Turks Stomiow/, city of Europe, and
capital of the Turkish empire, is beautifully situa-
ted on the W. side of the Bosphorus, or straits of
Constantinople, between the Black sea and the
sea of Marmora. Lon. 28° 56' E. Lat. 41°. N.
The city stands chiefly on a slope, on seven emi-
nences, which rise above each other in beautiful
succession, presenting a fine view to the approach-
ing spectator. The harbour is not on the side of
the sea, but in a long, capacious inlet, running
along the N. side of the town. It is of suflicient
depth for the largest vessels, and can Contain 1200
Hail, and has an open navigation to the Euxine on
the N. and the Mediterranean on the S. The
form of the city is triangular, with one side on the
harbour, another on the sea of Marmora, and the
third and longest towards the land. It is surroun-
ded with walls. The streets are in general nar-
row, gloomy, and slanting ; badly paved, and in-
cumbered with dust or mud. The houses are
low, built of wood and earth, and conflagrations
are frequent. The number of mosques is about
300. The oldest and most interesting is that of St.
Sophia, which was built by the emperor Justinian.
The interior still retains much of its ancient gran-
deur. The numberof Christian churches in Con-
stantinople and its neighbourhood is 22. The se-
raglio includes not merely the apartments of the
COO
women, but is an assemblage of palaces and
buildings, 9 miles in circumference, inhabited by
the sultan and his court. It occupies the prom-
ontory or point of land in the eastern part of the
city. The entrance of the first court is very wide
and lofty ; in this are the mint, the principal
mosque, an hospital, and other buildings. The
second court is called the Divan-court, the great
council chamber being there. To the N. adjoin-
ing the Divan is the third court or seraglio,
properly so called, in which are the apartments of
the women. Through it tliere is a narrow cover-
ed passage, leading to the audience chamber of the
sultan, which is of amazing magnificence, partic-
ularly the throne.
The population of Constantinople is variously
estimated. Eton computes it at 300,000 ; others
make it much more. About one half are Turks,
and the remainder Greeks, Christians, Arme-
nians, Franks, and Jews.
The suburb of Galata stands opposite to the se*
raglio on the N. side of the harbour ; it is inhabit-
ed only by merchants and seafaring people. To
the west is the suburb Tophana [cannon foundery.]
On the heights above tliis suburb stands Pera,
principally occupied by individuals in the suites
of ambassadors to the Porte from the different Eu-
ropean powers. Scutari, though standing on
Asiatic ground, and separated from Constantino-
ple by the Bosphorus, is still accounted a suburb
of the great city. The castle of the seven towers
is a state prison near the sea of Marmora.
Contai, t. Bengal, in Jellasore. Lon. 87° 54'
E. Lat. 21° 48' N.
Contessa, Gulf of, Eu. Turkey, between the
peninsula of Mount Atlas, and the coast of Mace-
donia and Romania. — Contessa, the s-p. is on a
small island, at the bottom of the gulf, 48 m. JV. E.
Salonica. Lon. 24° 8' E . Lat. 40° 40' N.
Conteville, t. France, at the mouth of the Seine.
Contin, parish, Scotland, in Rosshire.
Contoocook, r. N. H. runs into the Merrimack
at Concord.
Contrecoeur, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 12 m. W.
William-Henry. The river Sorelle passes through
its S. E. corner.
Contreki, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, 180 m. S.
Muskat.
Contreras, islands, off the coast of Veragua, ia
lat. 7° 45' N.
Contursi, t. Naples, 25 m. E. Salerno.
Coniy, t. France, 12 m. S. Amiens.
Concersera, isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 13^ 46'
E. Lat. 45° 20' N.
Conicay, r. Wales, forms the boundary between
the counties of Caernarvon and Denbigh, and
falls into the Irish sea at Aberconway.
Conway, Cape, on the N. W. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 21 1° 28' W. Lat. 20° 36' S.
Conway, t. New Brunswick, Sudbury co. on the
W. side of St. John's river, and bordering on the
bay of Fundy. Musquash cove, in this town,
forms a good harbor.
Conway, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on Saco river.
50m. N.N. E.Concord. Pop. 1,080.
Conway, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 6 m. W. S.W.
Greenfield, 13 N. W. Northampton. Pop. l,784v
Conwayborough, p-v. Horry co. S. C.
Conyngham, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa.
Conza, t. Naples, 58 m. E. Naples.
Coochbehar, a district of Hindostan, lying be-
tween 26° and 27° N. lat. and bordering on Bo©-
coo
COP
195
tan. It was formerly an independent kingdom,
but is now included in the province of Bengal.
Cook^s Inlet, or Rivery a large inlet on the W.
coast of N. America, between Cape Elizabeth,
and Cape Douglas, or between Ion. 207° 9' and
207° 45' E. latl 58° 42' and 59° 10' N. This inlet
was explored by captain Cook for 210 miles, and
afterwards completely by Vancouver, who found
that it terminated in Ion. 211° 17' E. and lat 61"
29' N.
Cook^s Slrnit, the strait which divides the two
islands of New Zealand.
Cooka^ Dar, courttry, of central Africa.
Cooke's Bay, Easter island. Lon, 109° 35' W.
Lat. 27° 11' S.
Cooke's Lmv-office, p-v. Elbert co. Geo.
Cooke' s settlement, Missouri, 30 m, fr. St, Gene-
vieve, 8 fr. Murphy's settlement.
Cookeslown, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Coolgreny, t, Ireland, in Wexford, 3 m. S. S. W.
Arklow.
Coolidge landing, t. Md. on the Patuxent, 28 m.
S. S. W. Annapolis.
Cooloo, t. Hind, on the Mahanuddy. Lon. 85°
17' E. Lat. 20° 18' N.
Coolspring, t Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 521.
Cooli/ Point, at the N. entrance into Dundalk
bay, Ireland. Lat. 53° 57' N.
Coomtalh, i. Hind. 45 m. N. E. Nagpore.
Corrper's Island, off Java, near Batavia.
Cooper, r. S. C. passes along the E. side of the
'■ity of Charleston, and meets the Ashley, in
Charleston harbor. A canal connects it with the
Santee, and opens a navigable communication
between Charleston and the interior country.
Cooper, CO. Missouri.
Cooper's ferry, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J.
Cooperstown, p-v. and cap. Otsego co. N. Y. in
the township of Otsego, at the S. W. end of Otse-
go lake. It is on one of the western turnpikes
through New York State, 12 m. W. Cherry val-
ley, 67 W. Albany, 45 fr. Johnstown on the Mo-
hawk. Pop. about 600. Lon. 74° 48* W. Lat.
420 44' jf . It contains a courthouse and jail, and
2 churches. 'I'he Susquehannah issues from the
lake, and various mills are erected upon it.
Cooperstown, v. Harford co. Md. 12 m. N. W.
Harford, 24 N. E. Baltimore.
Coorg, a mountainous and woody district, of
Southern India, between Mysore and Malabar ; it
produces sandal wood and teak timber, rice, pep-
per, and some other spices.
Coos, in Sac. Gcog. See Stanchio.
Coos, CO. N. H. bounded N. by Lower Canada,
E. by Maine, S. by Grafton and Stratford coun-
ties, and W. by Connecticut river, which sepa-
rates it from Vermont. Pop. 3,991. Chief town,
Lancaster.
Coos, Lower, and Upper, two tracts of country,
N. H. Upper Coos lies S. of Upper Ammonoosuc
river. Lanf;aster is in this tract. Lower Coos
lies S. of Lower Ammonoosuc river. In this tract,
is Haverhill.
Coosa, r. the N. branch of the Alabama, is for-
med by the union of Etowlah and Oostenalah riv-
ers, in Geo. and meets the Talapoosa, 3 m. below
Fort Jackson. There is a fall in it, "7 miles from
its mouth, and rapids thence for 50 miles to Fort
William ; above which, boats may proceed within
3 miles of the waters that flow into the Tennessee.
See Connesaugah.
Coosaw, or Coosawatchie, r. S. C. rum S. S. E.
into Broad river, and Whale branch, which sepa^
rate Port Royal island from the main land.
Coosaivatchie, p-t. Beaufort district, S. C on
the W. side of Coosaw, 27 m. N. W. Beaufort, 70
W. S. W. Charleston. The courts for the district
are held here.
Cooserah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 47' E.
Lat. 25° 6' N.
Cootehill^ t Ireland, 53 m. N. W. Dublin, 11 N.
E. Cavan.
Cootra, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 79° 28' E.
Lat. 25° 45' N.
Coofsiown, p-t. Berks co. Pa. 17 m. N. N. E.
Reading, 73 N. N. W. Philadelphia. It coutaiu?
about 40 houses, and a church.
Copais, lake, Greece, in Livadia.
Copenhagen, the metropolis of the Danish mon=i
archy, and one of the best built cities in Europe,
stands on the E. coast of the island of Zealand, in
the channel of the Baltic, called the Sound, about
20 miles from the narrow passage of that name.
Its position is on a low tract, surrounded with
small lakes, and partly intersected by inlets of the
sea. It is encompassed with walls. Some of the
streets are narrow and inconvenient, others broad
and well paved. Most of the houses are modern,
and built of brick or stone. The finer edifices
are of free stone. That part of the new town
called Amalienburg was built by Frederick V.
and is extremely beautiful.
The harbor of Copenhagen is formed by a nar-
row arm of the sea, running between the city and
the opposite island of Amack ; it is capable of
containing 500 merchantmen, and though the en-
trance is so narrow, that one ship only can enter
at a time, the depth is sufficient to admit vessels
of the largest size ; they come in the canals close
to the warehouses, where they load and unload
their cargoes, A part of this harbor is appropri-
ated to the royal navy. The shipping belonging
to tlie port may be computed, on an average, at
400 vessels, manned by nearly 6,000 seamen.
Copenhagen is not only the residence of th»
court, but tiie seat of all the great public estab*
lishments of the kingdom. 'The bishop of Zea.
land has his residence here ; and there are 20
churches, and several Jewish synagogues. Of the
22 hospitals, the most splendid is that of Frederick
V. ; but the most interesting is the lying-in hospi-
tal, to which is attached a school of midvnfery,
and a foundling hospital. The university has
considerable funds, and, on an average, 700 stu-
dents, of whom 168 are maintained from public
funds. The library is voluminous, but with few
books of recent date. The royal library amply
compensates for the deficiency of that of the uni-
versity, being a superb collection of more thaa
250,000 A'olumes.
In October, 1728, a dreadful fire broke out,
which consumed two thirds of the town ; in Feb-
ruary, 1794, another fire destroyed nearly 1000
houses. In the attack by the British in 1807,
above 300 houses, including the cathedral and
part of the university, were destroyed, while dou-
ble that number was damaged. Pop. 105,000.
170 m. N. E. Hamburg, 315 S. W. Stockholm.
Lon. 12° 35' 6" E. Lat. 55° 41' 4" N.
Copenick, t. Prussia, on an island in the Spree,
9 m. S. E. Berlin.
Copet, t. Switz. 8 m. N. N. E. Geneva.
Copiapo, the most northerly province of Chili.
It extends from the Andes to the Pacific. It is
m
COR
COR
thinly inhabited, but has an abundance of copper,
and other minerals. Copiapo, the capital, is on
the roast, in lat. 26° 50' S.
Copland Islands, off the E. coast of Ireland. Lat.
54° 39' N.
Copper-Mine River, N. America, runs into the
sea. Lon. 111° 5' W. Lat. 69° N,
Copper-Mine River, Upper Canada, runs into
lake Superior, in lat. 46° N.
Copper river, N. W. Territory, after a course
of 300 miles, joins the Chippeway, 30 m. above
its mouth.
Coquet, r. Eng. falls into the German ocean,
opposite Coquet island.
Coquimbo, province, of Chili, extending from
the Andes to the Paciric. It is of an extremely
benign temperature, enjoying throughout the
year a perpetual spring. It has mines of gold,
silver, lead, sulphur, and especially copper, large
quantities of which are exported. Pop. 15,000.
Coquimbo, the capital, is a mile from the sea, and
has a convenient port. 174 m. N. W. Santiago.
Lon. 71° 18' VV. Lat. 30° S.
Cora, t. cap, of the island of Samos. It is a
poor, ill-built place, and has about 230 houses,
and 12 small churches.
Coraan, peninsula, on the W. coast of Ireland,
separated from A chill island by a narrow chan-
nel.
Corace, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Squil-
lace. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Corachie, or Kurachee, s-p, Afghanistan, in the
provmce of Sinde, supposed to be the Sangada of
Arrian. Lat. 24° 52' N. Lon. 67° 17' E. It is
now the principal port of the province. Its ex-
ports are saltpetre, rice, cotton, butter, oil, hors-
es, and many other valuable commodities brought
from Cabul and the northern provinces. Its im-
ports are metals, ivory, tea, s\igar, spices, and the
manufactures of India and Europe.
Coraco, Cape, on the E. coast of the island of
Mctelin. Lon. 26° 20' E. Lat. 39° 24' N.
Coradge, r. Syria, runs into the Mediterranean,
4 m. S. Tortosa.
Corah, a district of Hindostan, in Allahabad, be-
tween the Jnmna and Ganges, and extending
from 26° to 27° N. lat. It belongs to the British,
and is included in the colleclorship of Cawnpore.
Corah, the capital, is in lon. 80° 40' E. lat. 26°
6' N. and carries on a considerable trade in grain
and cotton.
Coranlin. See Corentin.
Corbach, t. cap. of the principality of Waldeck,
on the Iller, 70 m. E. Cologne.
Corbana, t. Corsica, 8 m. N. E. Calvi.
Corbcil, t. France, 18 m. S. Paris. Pop. 3,600.
Corbie, t. France, 10 m. E. Amiens.
Corhigny St. Leonard, t. France, on the Yonne.
Lon. 3° 45' E. Lat. 47° 16' N.
Corbridge, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 m. E.
Hexham.
Corby, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire.
Cord.es, t. France, 1 1 m. N. E. Gaillac.
Cordes Bay, in the straits of Magellan, 5 m. E.
S. E. Fortescue bay.
Cordevole, r. Venetian territory, runs into the
Piave, between Belluno and Feltre.
Cordilleras. See Andes.
Cordova, province, Spain, forming the middle
part of Andalusia. It is intersected by the Gua-
dalquivir ; and produces abundance of corn, fruit,
wine, and olives. Pop. 260,000.
Cordova, city, Spain, is agreeably situated ou
the N. bank of the Guadalquivir. It was known
in the time of the Romans. Here are the remains
of a palace of the Moorish kings ; but the most
interesting edifice is the cathedral, which is a
magnificent monument, 534 feet long, and 387
■wride. — Cordova was always noted as a place of
trade, and is still remarkable for the kind of lea-
ther called, from this town. Cordovan, or Cord-
wain. 75 m. N. E. Seville, 120 N. E. Cadiz, 180
S. S. W. Madrid. Lon. 4° 45' 5.3" VV. Lat. 37°
52'13"N. Pop. 30,000.
Cordova, a province of S. America, the S. part
of Buenos Ayres. It contains 105,000 sq. miles,
and 75,000 inhabitants. Cordova is the capital.
Cordova, city, cap. of the above province, is in
lat. 31° 30' S. and lon. 63° 30' W. on the river
Primero, 450 m. N. N. W. Buenos Ayres. Pop.
4,500. It carries on a considerable trade, partic-
ularly in mules, who are collected in immense
droves from the neighboring provinces, and sent
over the Andes to Peru.
Cordova, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz. It contains
800 families, and carries on a great trade in sugar
and tobacco. 150 m. E. Mexico. Lon. 96° 56' E.
Lat. 18° 50' N.
Cordouan, Tour de, a light-house in France, at
the mouth of the Garonne, 40 m. S. W. La Ro-
chelle, 57 N. W. Bourdeaux. Lat. 45® 35'
15" N.
Core Sound, on the coast of N. C. 20 miles long.
Lon, 77° 5' W. Lat. 34° 38' N. It communicates
with PamHco sound on the N. ; Beaufort inlet
leads into it on the S. See Beaufort.
Corea, a large country of Asia, E. of China,
and consisting of a peninsula formed on one side
by the Yellow sea, and on the other by the sea of
Japan, 400 miles long, and 150 broad. Very little
is known to Europeans about this country. The
king pays tribute to the emperor of China ; and
in manners, religion, and written language, the
people resemble the Chinese. The spoken dialect
is entirely different. The same jealousy of for-
eign intercourse exists as in China and Japan.
Corella, t. Spanish Navarre, on the Alhama, 8
m. W. Tudela.
Corentin, r. Guiana, falls into the Atlantic
ocean, in N. lat. 3° 50', about 5 leagues W. Ber-
bice.
Corfe-Castle, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, in the pe-
ninsula of Purbec. The castle is of very high
antiquity, and was deemed impregnable before
the invention of artillery. Its walls and towers
are now demolished 4 m. S. E. Wareham.
Corfu, isl. in the Mediterranean, at the en-
trance of the gulf of V^enice, 45 miles long, and
25 broad. It is the first in rank, though not in
size, of the seven islands composing the Ionian
republic. The climate is mild, but liable to sud-
den transitions from heat to cold. The island
exports considerable quaptities of oil and salt.
Its other productions are olives, oranges, lemons,
honey, and wax. Pop. about 60,000. The Corfutes
profe.ss, in general, the Greek religion. This inland
being in a manner the key of the Adriatic, has al-
ways been of considerable political importance. —
See Ionian Islands.
Corfu, (an. Corcyra,) cap. of the island of Cor-
fu, on the E. coast, on the slope of a promontory,
at the foot of which the port opens. It is neither
large nor well built; but is very strong. The in-
habitants ajnount to about 15,000, and carry on a
COR
COR
i9i
considerable trade. Lon. 20° 17' E. Lat. 39°
40' N.
Cargo, isl. in the Persian gulf, about 2 m. N.
Karak,
Coria, t. Spanish Estremadura, on the Alagon,
110 m. W. S. W. Madrid. Lon. 6° 16' W. Lat.
39° 56' N.
Coringa, s-p. Hind, in the northern circars, on
the W. side of the bay of Bengal. It is the best
port on the coast of Coromaudel. It carries on a
considerable trade with Bengal and Pegue. Lon.
82° 29' E. Lat. 16° 49' N.
Corinth, t. Greece, in the Morea, near the isth-
mus of Corinth. In ancient times, it Avas one of
the most flourishing cities of Greece, adorned
with theatres, fountains, and various public build-
ings, from the style of which a new order of ar-
chitecture took its name. But the greater part
of this magnificence disappeared on the capture
of the town by Mummius, the Roman consul, in
B. C. 146, when the chefs d^ce.uvre of art were
either broken in pieces by the soldiers, or trans-
ported to Rome. At the present day, Corinth pre-
sents more the appearance of a village than a town.
The traces of the ancient walls are however dis-
cernible, and the citadel, or Acro-Corinthos, still
remains. Corinth had two harbors : one of wliich
still forms the port of the town ; the other in the
gulf of Egina, called Cenchrea, is now little fre-
quented. 48 m. E. Athens, 342 S. W, Constanti-
nople. Lon. 23° 28' 29" E. Lat. 37° 58' 22" N.
Pop. about 1,400.
Corinth, Isthmus of, the narrow neck of land,
which separates the gulf of Lepanto from that of
Egina, and connects the peninsula of the Morea
with the rest of Greece. In its narrowest part it
U only 5 or 6 miles across.
Corinth, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, at the fork
of the roads, 18 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 189. It
is a fine flourishing town.
Corinth, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 41 m. N. Windsor.
Pop. 1,876.
Cork, CO. Ireland, bounded N. by Limerick, E.
by Tipperary and Waterford, S. by the ocean,
and W. by Kerry. It contains 19 baronies, 269
parishes, 76,739 houses, and 416,000 inhabitants.
Cork, city, Ireland, and cap. of Cork co. is on
the Lee, 420 m. S. W. Dublin. Lon. 8° 30' W.
Lat. 51° 40' N. The town has been very much
enlarged and improved of late, and its population
is now estimated at 90,000. It stands about 16
miles from the sea, and its harbor, or the Cove of
Cork, 9 miles below the town, has long been cele-
brated as one of the finest in the world. It is suffi-
ciently capacious for any number of vessels ; and
the entrance is deep and narrow, and defended by
a fort on each side.
Great quantities of salt provisions are export-
ed from Cork, and during the slaughtering sea-
son, 100,000 head of black cattle are prepared.
The other exports consist of butter, candles, soap,
whiskey, &c. Its manufactures are sail-cloth,
sheeting-paper, leather, glue, glass, coarse cloth,
&c.
Corlal, t. Asia Minor, on the gulf of Is Nikmid,
near the ruins of the ancient Chalcedon.
Corlay, t. France, 20 m. S. St. Brieux.
Corleone, or Coriglione, t. Sicily, 24 m. S. S. W.
Palermo. Pop. 12,000.
Corlin, t. Prussian states, in Farther Pomera-
nia. Pop. 900. 14 m. S . E. Colberg. Lon. 15°
45' E. Lat. 54° 2' N.
Cormachiti, Cape, on the N. coast of Cyprus.
Lon. 33° 5' E. Lat. 35° 33' N.
Cormanline, t. Gold coast of Africa, 3 m. E.
Annamaboe.
Corneto, t. Italy, 38 m. N. W. Rome.
Cornish, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river, 50
m. N. York. Pop. 971.
Cornish, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river, 16 m. S. Dartmouth college, 34 N. W,
Concord. Pop. 1,606.
Cornouaille, t. France, 21 m. W. Angers.
Comville, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 11 m. E.N.
E. Norridgewock, 44 N. Hallowell. Pop. 504.
Wesserunset river runs tlirough the centre of the
town, and several mills are erected on it.
Cornwall, maritime co. England, forming the
S. W. extremity of Great Britain. It is surround-
ed by the sea, except on the E. side, where it is
bounded by Devonshire. It is washed on the N.
by the Bristol channel, and on the S. by the
British channel, the Land's End being the
point at which these two seas meet. It contains
1407 sq. miles, and 188,117 inhabitants; families
44,189, of which number 17,465 are engaged in
agriculture, 10,954, in trade and manufactures,
and 15,770 in other ways. The principal wealth
of Cornwall is derived from its mines. In 1800,
there were 45 mines of copper, 28 of tin, 18 of
copper and tin, 2 of lead, 1 of lead and silver, 1
of copper and silver, 1 of silver, 1 of copper and
cobalt, 1 of tin and cobalt, and 1 of antimony. —
The annual produce of the copper mines has late-
ly amounted in value to 350,000/. ; and of the tin
mines to more than 250,000/. This county pos-
sesses more parliamentary boroughs than any
other in the kingdom, and sends 44 members t»
parliament.
Cornuiall, t. St. Ormond co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence, 60 m. below Prescott.
Cornwall, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 36
m. S. Burlington. Pop. 1,279.
Cornwall, p-t. Litchfield co. Conn, on the E.
side of Housatonick river, 10 m. N. W. Litchfield.
Pop. 1,602. — There is a Foreign Mission School in
this place, under the direction of the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions,
established in 1817, for the purpose of educating
heathen youth from various parts of the world.
After they have received their education, they
are to be sent home to instruct their own country-
men. In 1820, the number of pupils was 29 ; of
whom 19 were American Indians, and 6 from the
islands of the Pacific ocean. Several natives of
the Sandwich islands, who were educated at this
school, have already returned to their country
well qualified for usefulness.
Cornwall, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
below Newburg, 52 m. N. New York. Pop.
1,769. In this town is Tfest Point, which see.
Cornwall-bridge, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct,
Cornwall, Cape, at the S. W, extremity of Eng-
land. Lon. 5° 55' W. Lat. 50° 10' N.
Cornwall, Cape, the S. W. point, on Endeavour
Straits, in New Holland. Lon. 141° E. Lat. 10°
43' S.
Cornwall, JVeiv, a name applied to the country
on the W. coast of N. America, extending from
lat, 53° 15' to ,5705' N.
Cornwallis, co. comprehends that part of Lower
Canada, which lies on the S. side of the St. Law-
rence, between Devonshire, and the District of
Ga«pe.
19$
COR
Comwallis, t on the W. coast of Nora Scotia,
42m.N. W.Halifax.
Comwallis Point, cape, near the N. W. coast
ofN. America. Lon. 225^2 57 E. Lat. 56°
56' N.
Corny, (an. Jlpamea,) t. Arabia, at the conflu-
ence of the Tigris and Euphrates.
C'oro, s-p. Venezuela, in a dry sandy plain, to-
tally destitute of water, 240 m. W. Caraccas.
Lon. 69° 40' W. Lat. 11° 24' N.
Coromandel, a long line of sea coast, on the W.
side of the bay of Bengal, extending from the
Kistnah river to Point Calymere, nearly 350
miles. Although it contains a number of flour-
ishing towns, it does not possess a good harbor in
its whole extent.
Coron, s-p. Morea, on a peninsula, in the gulf of
Coron, 16 m. S.Modon, 40 S. W.Misitra.
Coronota, isl. Austrian empire, in the Adriatic,
Lon. 15° 40' E. Lat. 44° 5' N.
Coronda, t. Buenos Ayres, 5 leagues S. W.
Sante Fe.
Corps, t. France, 25 m. S. E. Grenoble. .
Corpsnuds, t. France, 10 m. S. S. E. Rennes.
Corral de Almaguer, t. Spain, in New Castile, 21
m. fr. Ocana. Pop. 4,000.
Corregio, t. Italy, 10 m. N. W. Modena.
Corresse, t. States of the Church, 12 m. N. Tivoli.
Correse, r. France, which runs into the Vezere,
a branch of the Dordogne.
Correze, a department of France, bounded N.
by Creuse, E. by Puy de Dome and Cantal, S. by
Lot, S. W. by Dordogne, and N. W. by Vienna.
Tulle is the capital. Pop. 255,000.
Correze, t. France, 8 m. N. E. Tulle.
Corridico, t. Istria, 37 m. S. by E. Trent.
Corrie. See Hutlon and Carrie.
Corrienies, Cape, on the E. coast of Africa. Lat.
23° 48' S.
Corrienies, t. Buenos Ayres, at the junction of
the Parana and Paraguay. Pop. in 1801, 4,500.
480 m. N. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 58° 25' W. Lat.
27° 27' S.
Corrienies, cape, on the W. coast of S. Ameri-
ca, in lat. 5° 30' N. ; another, on the S. coast of
Cuba, in lon. 84° 30' W. lat. 21° 38' N. ; another,
on the coast of Mexico, in the Pacific ocean, in
Ion. 105° 20' W. lat. 20° 22' N.
Corrigrua, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 7 m. S. New-
borough.
Corrqfin, t. Ireland, in Clare, 7 m. N. N. W.
Ennis.
Corrubedo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Galicia.
Lat 42° 35' N.
€orse, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Angers.
Corseul, v. France, 5 m. W. Dinant.
Corsham, t. Eng. in Wilts, 5 m. S. W. Chippen-
ham. Pop. 2,395.
Corsica, one of the largest islands in the Medi-
terranean, situated between the coast of Genoa,
and the island of Sardinia. It is 110 miles long,
and contains 4,300 square miles, and, in 1815,
174,702 inhabitants. Corsica is covered with
mountains, which rise to a great height, and have
tiieir tops covered with snow, during the greater
part of the year. The soil, though stony and but
little cultivated, is productive in corn, excellent
wine, oranges, lemons, figs, and other fruits, but
the wealth of the island lies in its oil, chesnuts,
and timber. The religion is Roman Catholic. —
This island has been successively occupied by the
Carthagenians, the Romans, the Goths, the Sara-
cens, the Franks, the Pope, the Pisans, the Geno-
COS
ese, the English, and the French. It now belongs
to France, and is divided into 2 department--, Golo
and Liamone.
Corso, Cape, the N. point of Corsica. Lon. 9°
35' E. Lat. 42^59' N.
Corsoer, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
opposite Nyeborg, in Funen, 52 m. S. W. Copen-
hagen.
Corstorphine, v. Scotland, 3 m. W. Edinburgh.
Corle, t. Corsica, 27 ra. S. W. Bastia.
Cortc Maggiore, t. ftaly, 6 m. W. Piacenza.
Cortemiglta, u. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 12m;
S. E. Alba.
Cortlandt lown, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on
the Hudson, 40 m. N. New- York. Pop. 3,054.
In this town is the village of Peekskill.
Cortlandt, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Onondaga
CO. E. by Chenango co. S. by Broome co. W. by
Tompkins and Cayuga cos. Fop. 8,869. Chief
town. Homer.
Cortlandt, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Cortlandt, p-t. Cortlandt co. N. Y.
Corlona, a small fortified t. in the grand duchy
of Tuscany, 45 m. S. E. Florence, 83 N. Rome.
Lon. 11° 58' E. Lat. 43° 16' N. Pop. 4,000.
Corv,nna, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, on a peninsu-
la, on the N. W. coast. It is divided into the upper
and lower towns. The former, which lies on the
declivity of a hill, is surrounded with a wall, and
defended by a citadel. It is the seat of the su-
preme court of justice for Galicia, and contains a
royal arsenal. The harbour is spacious and se-
cure. The principal exports are pilchards and
cattle. A packet sails hence every month for Ha-
vannah. .>The intercourse likewise between Spain
and England, is chiefly kept up by packets from
Corunua to Falmouth. On the 16th January,
1809, a battle was fought here between the British,
under Sir John Moore, and the French, under
Soult Lon. 8° 20' 23" W. Lat. 43° 23' 32" N.
Corm, t. Syria, 40 m. N. N. W. Aleppo.
Corwen, t. Wales, in Merioneth, on the Dee, 10
m. W. Llangollen.
Corydon, p-t. Harrison co. and capital of Indi-
ana, 10 m. from Ohio river, 25 W. Jeffersonville,
20 from New Albany. The settlement was begun
in 1809. Pop. in 1819, 1,000. In the neighbour-
hood there is a cave which produces epsora-salts,
and salt-petre.
Corzola. See Curzola.
Cos. See Stanchio.
Coscile, (an. Sybaris,) r. Naples, falls into the
gulf of Tarento, in lon. 16° 42' E. Lat. 39° 46' N.
Cosdauga. See Casada lake.
Cosenza, city, Naples, cap. of Calabria Citra,
the residence of a royal governor, and the see of
an archbishop, is situated on seven small hills, at
the foot of the Appennines, between the rivers
Busiento and Crati, about 10 miles from the Med-
iterranean. The environs abound in wine, oil,
fruit, honey, manna, hemp, and flax. 150 m. S.
E. Naples. Lon. 16° 47' E. Lat. 39° 22' N. Pop.
15,000.
Cosfeld, t. of the Prussian States, 18 m. W.Mun-
ster. Lon. 7° 17' E. Lat. 51° 57' N.
Coshocton, or Cochecton, p-v. in Bethel, Sullivan
CO. N. Y. on the Delaware, at the crossing of the
turnpike, 60 m. W. Newburg, 140 from Albany.
Coshocton, CO. Ohio, on Muskingum river. Pop.
in 1819, 3,000. Chief town, Coshocton.
Coshocton, p-t. and cap. Coshocton co. Ohio, on
Muskingum river, opposite the mouth of White-
woman's creek, 28 m. N. Zane?ville, 66 E. Co-
COS
Iambus. The Muskingum is navigable to this
place for large boats.
Cosia di Donda, small isl. near the W. coast of
Sardinia.
Cosiguiraehi. See Cosquirachi.
Cosinissa, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago.
Lon. 25° ^4' E. Lat. 36° 36' N.
Coslariy small isl. in the English channel. Lon. 3°
23' W. Lat. 48° 54' N.
Coslin, t. of the Prussian States, in Farther Po-
merania, on the Nesebach, 4 m. from the Baltic.
Its traffic is very brisk. 23 m. E. Colberg. Lon.
15° 27' E. Lat. 54° 9' N.
Cosim, t. Pegu, on the Irawaddy. Lon. 95° 5'
E. Lat. 16° 30' N.
Cosmapoli. See Porto Ferrajo.
Cosnac, t. France, 20 m. S. Saintes.
Cosne, t. France, on the Loire, 15 m. S. Gien,
27 N. Nevers. Pop. 4,700.
Cospore, cap. of the district of Cachar, Lon.
93°10'E.Lat. 250N.
CossMks, a war-like people, who inhabit the
Ukraine (i. e. the. frontier,) or the countries bor-
dering on Russia, Poland, and Turkey. Their
origin is Russian, and their language fundamen-
tally the same, although mixed with Turkish and
Polish words. They profess the Greek religion.
They are divided into two main branches, viz.
Tschernomores, or Cossacks of the Black sea, and
the Cossacks of the Don. The former occupy the
W, part of the Kuban-Steppe, lying S. of the river
Don, E. of the sea of Azof, and N. of the river Ku-
ban. Their number is computed at 20,000. The
Cossacks of the Don occupy an extensive territory
on both sides of the Don, which is included in none
of the Russian governments. They live in villa-
ges of a few hundred houses, and support them-
selves, when at home, by fishing and the breeding
of cattle. They shew little inclination for agri-
cultural pursuits, although many parts of their
territory are very fertile. Their capital is Tscher-
kask, near the mouth of the Don. They enjoy
great privileges, when compared with the other
members of the Russian empire, paying no poll
money, and manufacturing their own salt and
spirits duty free. In return, each man is accoun-
ted a soldier, receives no pay in time of peace, and
is bound to maintain two horses, for which the
crown supplies oats and hay only daring six months
of the year. Their number amounts to 40,000
fighting men.
Cosse le Vivien, t. France, 9 m. W. S. W. La-
val.
Cosseir, s-p. Egypt, on the coast of the Red sea,
by which the communication between that coun-
try and Arabia is chiefly maintained. Lon. 34°
8'E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Cossimbazar, a large manufacturing town in Ben-
gal, on Bhagarutty river, comprising the English,
Dutch, and French factories. It has been long
f celebrated for its silk manufactures. The tract
encompassed by the Bhagarutty, Jellingy, and
Ganges rivers, is called by Europeans theCossim-
bazar island, and abounds with all descriptions
of game. 90 m. N. Calcutta. Lon. 88° 15' E.
Lat. 24° 10' N.
Cosslin. See Coslin.
Cossonsy, t. Switzerland, 12 m. S. Yverdun.
Pop. 2,230.
Cossova,t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on an eleva-
ted plain of the same name.
Cosswig. See Coswick.
Cnsta. r. W. Africa, falh into the gulf of Guinea
COT
199
at the town of Grand Bassam. Lon. 4° 15' W.
Lat. 5° 25' N.
Costa Rica, a province of Spanish America,
bounded N. by Nicaragua, S. E. by Veragua, W.
and S. W. by the Pacific.
Costheim, v. Germany, on an island in tlie
Rhine, at the mouth of the Maine, 1 m. E. Mentz.
Costigliola, t. Piedmont, near Asti ; one, 11m.
S. W. Savigliano.
Costnits. See Constance.
Costosa, V. Venetian territory, 5 m. S. Vicenza.
Costow, r. Eng. flows into the Derwent, 2 m. N.
New Malton.
Cosioick, t. Germany, in the principality of An-
halt-Bernburg, 6 m. E. Dessau. Lon. 12° 32' E.
Lat. 51055' N.
Coszlin. See Coslin.
Cotabamba, a province of Peru, bounded N. by
Abancay, S. by Chilques and Masques, W. by
Chumbivilcas, and N. W. by Aimaraez. Pop.
10,000.-
Cotaco, CO. Alabama, on the S. side of Tennessee
river. Chief town, Somerville.
Cotais, or Cotatis, cap. of Imeretia, on the Phasis,
110 m. W. N. W. Teflis. Lon. 43° 10' E. Lat.
42° 26' N.
Cote, La, is the name given to a part of the
Pays de Vaud, extending for fifteen miles along
the lake of Geneva, between the rivers A,ibonne
and Doulive. It is one of the most populous and
beautiful tracts in Switzerland, and is particularly
famed for its wine, called from it vin de la Cote.
Cote d' Or, a department of France, fbrmetl out
of the N. part of Burgundy. It contains 3,430
square miles, 355,500 inhabitants,andis productiv e
in corn, but above all in excellent wine. Dijon
is the chief town.
Cote d Or, Canal de La, (likewise called the
Canal of Burgundy or Dijon, and the Canal de
I'Est.) It forms a communication between the
Saone and the Yonne, and is about 130 miles long.
Cole St. Andre, t. France, 18 m. S. E. Vienne.
Pop. 3,700.
Cotentin. See Coutances.
Cote-sans-dessein, t. Montgomery co. Missouri,
and the temporary seat of Government of the
State, is on Missouri river, opposite the mouth of
the Osage, 70 m. W. St. Charles.
Cotes du JVord, department in the W. of France,
bordering on the English channel. It contains
2,800 square miles, and 520,000 inhabitants. The-
capital is St. Brieuc.
Cothen. See Kothen, and Anhalt.
Cothy, r. Wales, joins the Towery, 3 m. from
Caermarthen.
Co/iari, small isl. on the coast of Ceylon, 20 m.
S. S. E. Trincomaly.
Cotignac, t. France, 6 m. E. Barjols. Pop.
3,300.
Cotignola, t. Ecclesiastical State, 25 m. S. S. E.
Ferrara.
Cotile, p-v. Cotile co. Louisiana.
Cotiote, a small district of India, in Malabar,
containing about 312,square miles, lying between
Tellicherry and Coorg.
Cotoca, t. S. America, in Chiquitos. 40 m. N. W.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Cotopaxi, an enormous mountain and volcano of
the Andes, about 40 miles S. E. of Quito. It is
18,898 feet above the level of the sea. Its explo-
sions are frequent and dreadful. When an erup-
tion takes place, the snow around the volcano i?
suddenly melted, and a torrent of water is poui
200
GOV
GOV
ed down from the mountain. Ashes, lire, and
rocks are then thrown forth with a dreadful roar-
ing noise, and spread desolation over the surroun-
ding plains. The roar of the volcano continues
day and night so long as the eruption lasts, and has
been heard at the distance of 600 miles. The
most remarkable eruptions have taken place in the
years 1698, 1738, 1742, 1744, 1766, 1768, and
1803. In 1698 the volcano burst forth in such a
tremendous manner, as to destroy the city of Ta-
cunga, with three fourths of its inhabitants.
. Cotrona, t. iSaples, 14 m. W. Caugiano.
Coirone, (an. Crotona,) s-p. Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, on the gulf of Tarento, 10 m. S. E. St. Seve-
rina. Pop. 4,640. Lon. 17° 25' E. Lat. 39°
8' N.
Cotswold Hills, Eng. in [Gloucester, 30 miles in
length, and about 20 in breadth.
CoUacotta, t Hind, in Golconda. Lon. 78° 47'
E. Lat. 150 16' N.
Cottlnis, t. in the circle of Cottbus, in the Prus-
sian states, on the Spree, 36 m. S. S. W. Frankfort,
an the Oder, 48 N. N. E. Dresden, SOS. E. Berlin.
Pop. 6,000. Lon. 14° 22' E. Lat. 51° 45' N.
Cottica River, S. America, falls into the Com-
mewina river, about 20 m. before its junction with
the Surinam.
Cottirvar, or Cattivad, a considerable district of
Hind, in Gujerat. Lat. 22° N.
Cotym, v. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 18 m.
from Allepie. For an account of the college re-
cently established here, see Travancore.
Cotton-Gin Port, at the head of navigation on
the Tombigbee, in Mississippi, about 15 m. W. of
the boundary of Alabama.
Cotton Port, p-t. and cap. Limestone co. Alaba-
ma, on Limestone creek, 1 m. above its confluence
with the Tennessee. It was laid out in 1818.
Coubeby, v. Palestine, on the site of the ancient
Emmaus.
Couches, t. France, 8 m. N. W. Chalons sur
Saone.
Couco, district of Algiers, between the capital
and Bongeiah.
Coucouron, i. France, 31 m. W. Privas.
Coucy, t. France, in Aisne, on ,the Oise, 12 m.
W. S. W. Laon, 13 E. S. E. Noyou.
Couda, t. Tunis, 20 m. N. E. Kairwan.
Coudrai/, Le, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Paris.
Coudres, Isle aux, a small isl. of Lower Canada,
in the river St. Lawrence, 45 m. below Quebec.
Cote, t. Ireland, 9 m. N. Cork.
CoveloTijX, t. and fort, India, on the sea coast, 25
m. S. Madras. Lat. 12° 44' N.
Coventry, city, Eng. in Warwick. It has 3
churches. St. Alichael's is a beautiful specimen
of the English architecture, and its fine tower and
spire rank among the principal ornaments of this
city. There are five places of worship for dissen-
ters. The principal manufactures are ribbons
and watches. The Oxford and Coventry canals
afford great facilities to commerce. In 1808, there
were 2,819 silk and ribbon looms in this city. A
weekly market is held here, and there are several
fairs, one of which is called the great or show fair,
and continues eight days. Coventry sends 2 mem-
bers to parliament. 18 m. S. E. Birmingham, 49
N. W. Oxford, 91 N.W. London. Lon. 1° 30' W.
Lat. 52° 24' N. Pop. 17,923.
Coventry, t. Grafton co. N. II. 9 m. E. Haver-
hill. Pop. 162.
Coventry, t. Orleans co. Vt. on lake Memphra-
magog, 'Ifi m^. N. Montpelicr. Pop. 178.
Coventry, t, Kent co. R. I. 15 m. S. W. Provi-
dence. Pop. 2,928. It is well watered. Some
of the streams run into the Patuxet on the E. and
some into the Quinebaug on the W.
Coventry, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 18 m. E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 1,938.
Coventry, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. W. Jer-
icho. Pop. 860.
Coventry, t. Chester co. Pa. on the S. side of the
Schuylkill, opposite Pottsgrove. Pop. 1,608.
Coventry, t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. S. W. Ra-
venna. The portage between the Cuyahoga and
the Tuscarawas, is at this place.
Coveripnuk, t. India, 9 m. E. Arcot. Lon. 79"
37' E. Lat. 12° 52' N.
Coueron, t. France, 7 m. W. Nantes.
Covert, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. extending be-
tween Seneca and Cayuga lakes.
Couesnon, small r. France, falls into the British
channel, in lon. 2° 33' W. and lat. 48° 30' N.
Couhe, t. France, 9 m. S. S. E. Lusignan.
Couili, Cape, on the S. coast of Natolia. Lon,
29° 7' E.
. Covilhao, t. Portugal, in Beira, 18 m. S. W.
Guarda.
Covington, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 12 m. S. E. Ba-
tavia.
Covington, formerly Putnam, p-t. Tioga co. Pa,
Covington, p-t. St. Tammany's co. Louisiana.
Covington, p-t. Campbell co. Ken. on the Ohio,
opposite Cincinnati, and separated by Licking
creek, from Newport. The great road from Vir-
ginia to the Miami passes through it. It is well
situated for trade. Licking river being navigable
for large boats, 100 miles. The streets of the
town are so laid out, as to appear to be a continu-
ation of those of Cincinnati. Handsome public
buildings are to be erected, and a bridge to con-
nect it with Newport. The scenery around this
place is uncommonly beauliful.
Covington, t. and cap. Washington co. Illinois',
on Kaskaskias river.
Coulan, t. India, on the coast of Travancore.
Its principal exports are pepper, cotton, ginger,
and cardomums. Lat. 8° 51' N.
Coulanges sur Yonne, t. France, 17 m. S. Aux-
erre.
Coulans, t. France, 9 m. W. Le Mans.
Coulding''s Harbor, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, 15 m. N. Portlock's harbor.
Coulommieres, t. France, in Seine-aud-Marne,
12 m. S. E. Meaux.
Conlonche, La, t. France, in Orne, 20 m. S. W.
Falaise.
Coulonges les Roy aux, t. France, 14 m. N. W.
Niort.
Coulons, t. France, in Loiret, 9 m. S. W. Gien.
Council Blvff, on the E. side of the Missouri, a
little above the mouth of the river Platte. Lon.
96° 40' W. Lat. 41° 30' N. This place is occu-
pied by the U. S. as a military post. The position
is a very important one, being about half way be-
tween St. Louis and the Mandan village, and at
that point on the Missouri, which approaches
nearest to the post at the mouth of St. Peters,
with which, in the event of hostilities, it may co-
operate. It is, besides, in the centre of the most
powerful tribes, and the most numerous Indian
population, west of the Mississippi.
Countess Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince William's sound. Lat. 60°
13 N.
Corolo, passj in Tyrol, at the extremity of the
c o u
Val Sugano, on the Brenta, 20 m. N. Vicenza, 21
E- Trent.
Covorden. See Coevorden.
Coupar. See Cupar.
Couptrain, t. France, in Mayenne, 7 m. N. Vi-
laine.
Cour Mayor, v. Piedmont, at the foot of Mont
Blanc, near the conflux of the two Daires.
Coura, r. Portugal, runs into the Duero, 4 m.
N. E. Lamego.
Courantin. See Corentin.
Courbali, v. W. Africa, near the mouth of the
Rio Grande.
Courbeville, t. France, 9 m. S. W. Laval.
Courcelles, i. France, in Pas de Calais, 6 m. N.
W. Bapaume.
CourctUes, t. France, 12 m. S. Langres.
Courcite, t. France, 15 m. E. Mayenne.
Courco, Cape, on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat.
38oil'N.
Courcon, t. France, 12 m. S. Auxerre.
Courgains, t. France, 18 m. N. Le Mans.
Courgis, t. France, 9 m. E. Auxerre.
Couripi, r. Guiana, falls into the Yacopa, at its
mouth.
Courland, formerly a duchy dependent on Po-
land, now a government of European Russia,
bounded N. by the gulf of Riga ; N. E. by Livo-
nia, from which it isjseparated by the Dwina ; S.
by Wilna, and W. by the Baltic. It contains, on
1 1,200 sq. miles, a population of 450,000. The
ancient division was into Courland Proper, Semi-
gallia, and the bishopric of Pilten ; it is now dis-
tributed into five circles. The soil is fertile, and
flax forms the chief production.
Courland, Gulf of. See Curisckes Haff.
Cournoyer, seigniory, Surry co. Lower Canada,
fm the river Richelieu.
Courpierre, t. France, 9 m. S. Thiers.
Coursan, t. France, 3 m. N. Narbonne.
Court of Aldermen, small islands, near the E.
coast of New Zealand. Lon. 183° 37' W. Lat.
36° 57' S.
Courtableau, r. Louisiana, is formed by the Cro-
codile and Boeuf, and joins the Atchafalaya, 30
m. W. Baton Rouge.
Courtenay, t. France, 14 m. S. W. Sens.
Courtesan, t. France, 10 m, N. Avignon.
Courtland. See Cortlandt.
Courtmascherry Bay, on the S. E. coast of Ire-
Land, between the old head of Kinsale, and the
Seven Heads. Lon. 8° 40' W. Lat. 51° 36' N.
Courtray, t. Netherlands, on the Lys. It is
celebrated for linen and lace manufactures, and
was formerly a place of considerable strength ;
but its works were demolished by the French in
1744. 13 m. N. W. Tournay, 16 N. N. E. Lille.
Lon. 3° 16' 6" E. Lat. 50° 49' 43" N. Pop.
14,000.
Courtwright, p-v. Fairfield co. Ohio.
Cousa, small r. Congo, in Africa, falls into the
Atlantic, about 60 miles S. of the Zaire.
Coutances, t. France, in La Manche, on the
Soule, 5 m. from its influx into the English chan-
nel. Its manufactures are chiefly of linen and
lace, in which articles, as in corn, flax, and wool,
the inhabitants carry on an active trade. Pop.
11,000. 50 m, W. Caen. Lon. \° 26' 23" W. Lat.
49° 2' 54" N.
Couterne, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Domfi'ont,
Coutras, t. France, at the conflux of the Drome
and the Hie, 24 m. N, E. Bonrdeaux.
C R A
201
Cotwins, L Netherlands, 14 m. S. W. Chark^
mont.
Couvorden Point, on the S. side of the entrance
into Lynn canal, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 58° 12' N.
Coival, district, Scotland, the peninsula betwee»
the frith of Clyde and Loch Fine.
Cowhridge, t. Wales, 12 m. VV. Cardiff.
Cowda, V. Africa, 5 m. N. W. Tunis.
Cowdersport, t. and cap. Potter co. Pa.
Coweliskee River, N. America, runs into the
Columbia river, about 100 m. from its mouth. *
Corves, West, s-p. Eng. in the Isle of Wight. Its
harbor is one of the safest and most commodious iu
the British channel. The trade is considerable,
chiefly in provisions and other articles, for ships
which ride here, waiting for convoy or favourable
winds, 12m. W. S. W. Portsmouth.
Coioeta, p-v. Alabama.
Cowie, r. Scotland, falls into the ocean at Stone-
haven.
Cow Island, {Islede Vaches,) in Missouri river,
380 m. above its mouth. Here the expedition to
the Yellowstone wintered in 1818-19.
Cowl Doorg, t, and fort. Hind, in Bednore.
Lon. 75° 11' E. Lat. 13® 17' N.
Coupasture, r. Va. one of the principal branch-
es of James river.
Cowpens, in Union co. S. C. between Pacolet
and Broad rivers, the place where Gen. Morgan
defeated the British under Col. Tarleton, Jan.
11, 1781. ,
Cowpershill, p-v. Robertson co. N. C.
Cows Bay, or Bahia das Vaccas, a bay of Ben-
guela, inWestern Africa.
Cox, cape, on the N. W. coast of America^
Lat. 51° 30' N.
Coxackie, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudsotn,
25 m. S. Albany, 8 above Catskill. Pop. 4,057,
There are 3 landings in this town. The village
of Coxackie contains about 100 dwelling-houses,
and a church. New Baltimore was set off from
the N. part of this town in 1811.
Coyau, settlement, Tenn, on Tennessee river,
30 m, below Knoxville,
Coylton, parish, Scotland, Ayrshire, on the
banks of the Ayr and Doon,
Coziquiriachi, Santa Rosa de, t. Mexico, in the
intendancy of Durango, 24 leagues S, W. Chihu-
ahua. Pop. of the district 10,700,
Cosumel, isl, near the E. coast of Yucatan*
Lat. 19° 56' N.
Crab. See Bieka.
Crab-bottom, or Hulls, p-v. Pendleton co. Va.
Crab-orchard, p-v. Washington co. Va,
Crab-orchard, p-t. Lincoln co. Ken. on Dick's
river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 S. E. Dan-
ville.
Cracow, a free city of Poland, at the confluence
of the Vistula and Rudowa, It has three suburbs,
one of which, Casimir, lies on the opposite bank
of the Vistula, and is sometimes considered a sep-
arate town. It is the see of a bishop. The ca-
thedral contains the tombs of the ancient Polish
kings. — This city is said to have had, formerly,
70,000 inhabitants. The number in 1810 was
only 25,736. The richer classes are Germans,
and those in the suburb of Casimir mostly Jews.
Its situation for trade is very convenient. The
principal objects of it are wood, fish, Hungarian
wine, wax, honey, and linen cloth. 128 m. S. S.
W. Warsaw. Lon. 19° 67 9" E. Lat. 50° 3 38" N.
\
26
202
C R E
C RE
Cradoo, s-p. Benin, in Africa, on the bay of La-
gos, at the mouth of the Palmar.
Craftsbury, p-t. Orleans co. Vt.28 m. N. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 566. The courts of the county
were formerly held here.
Craigag Paint. See Crakag Point.
Craigie's mills, p-v. Oxford co. Maine.
Craig-Logan, promontory, Scotland, on Uie W.
coast of Wigtonshire, 10 m. fr. Stranraer.
Craig Point, cape, N. W. coast of America, on
the N. coast of the Duke of York's island. Lat.
56° 30' N.
Crail, a royal burgh and parish of Scotland, in
Fife, at the entrance of the frith of Forth, 10 m.
S. E. St. Andrews. Pop. 1,600.
Crakag Point, promontory, Scotland, on the E.
coast of Sutlierlandshire. Lat. 58° 6' N.
Cramond, v. Scotland, at the conflux of the
Forth and the Almond, 5^ m. W. Edinburgh.
Cranberry, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m. E.
Princeton, IBS. S. W. Brunswick.
Cranberry, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 543.
Cranberry islands, 2 in number, on the coast of
Maine, near the S. E. coast of Mount Desert.
Cranbome, t. Eiig. in Dorsetshire, 1 H S. W.
Salisbury. Lon. 1° 54' W. Lat. 50^ 56' N.
Cranbrook, t. Eng. in Kent, 49 m. S. S. E. Lon-
don. Pop. 2,994.
Craney, small island, Va. in Hampton Roads,
on the S. side of James river, at the mouth of
Elizabeth river, 5 m. S. W. Fort George. It has
a strong fort, which commands the entrance of
both rivers.
Cranganore, s-p. India, on the ooast of Malabar.
Lat. lO*^ 15' N.
Cransac, large v. France, 15 m. N. W. Rhodez.
Cranston, v. Scotland, 9 m. S. £. Edinburgh.
Cranston, t. Providence co. R. I. on the W.
bank of Providence river, 5 m. S. Providence.
Pop. 2,161. It contains 4 houses of public wor-
ship^ 2 for Baptists, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for
Methodists. Iron ore of an excellent quality is
found here. The manufacture of cotton is car-
ried on extensively in this town. In this town
is the village of Pawtuxet, which see.
Craonne, t. France, in Aisne, 11 m. S. E.
Laon.
Craponne, t. France, 14 m. W. Monistrol.
Crati, (an. Crathis,) r. Naples, in Calabria Ci-
tra, falls into the gulf of Tarento, after uniting
•with the Coscile.
Crato, t. Portugal, 11 m. W. Portalegre.
Craven, co. in Newborn district, N. C. Pop.
12,676. Slaves, 5,050. Chief town, Newbern.
Crauford, v. Scotland, 40 m. S. W. Edinburgh.
Crav'ford, co. Pa. bounded N. by Erie co. E. by
Warren co. S. by Venango and Mercer counties,
and W. by Ohio. Pop. 6, 178. Chief town, Mead-
ville.
Crawford, co. Indiana.
Crawford, co. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1818,2,074.
Craufurdsdike, or Cartsdike, v. Scotland, forms
the suburb of Greenock on the E.
Cramick, r. Scotland, falls into the Nith, near
Sanquhar.
Cray, St. Mary, t. Eng. in Kent, 13^ m. E. S. E.
London.
Crayford, t. Eng. in Kent, on the river Cray, 13
m. E. S. E. London.
Creances, or Creange, s-p. France, 10 m. S.
'Coutances.
Crecj/f or Creaty fn Ponthien, t. Fra«cp, in
Somme; celebrated for the great victory gained
on 26th August, 1346, by Edward III. of England,
over Philip VI. of France. Itstands on the Maye,
100 m. N. Paris. Lon. 1° 58' E. Lat. 50° 16' N.
Crediton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Creedy,
7 m. S. E. Exeter. Pop. 5,178.
Cree, r. Scotland, issues from Loch-Moan, and
empties into Wigton bay at the burgh of Cree-
town.
Creedy, r. Eng. flows into the Ex, near Exe-
ter.
Creegerstown, t. Frederick co. Md. on the Mon-
ococy river, 1 1 m. N. Frederickton.
Creek Jgency, Baldwin co. Geo. on Flint river,
30 m. W. Fort Hawkins. Here is a post-office.
Creeks, Indians, inhabiting the western parts of
Georgia, and the eastern parts of Alabama. —
Their principal settlements are on the Coosa,
Tallapoosa, and Chatahoochee rivers. The coun-
try is fertile and salubrious, covered with fine
timber, watered by numerous navigable rivers,
and sufficiently extensive to support, with proper
cultivation, more than a million souls. The num-
ber ol the Creeks was formerly estimated at
24,000, of whom 6,000 were warriors, but in
their war with the U. S. in 1813-14, they suffered
severe losses. They now amount to 20,000, and
are the most warlike tribe on this side the Mis-
sissippi. For several years past, efforts have been
made to introduce among them agriculture and
the arts of civilized life, and with considerable
success. They now cultivate tobacco, rice, and
maize ; and raise cattle, hogs, and poultry. The
loom and the anvil are successfully established ;
and the children are instructed in reading, wri-
ting, and arithmetic.
Creetown, v. Scotland, in Kirkcudbrightshire, at
the entrance of the Cree into Wigton bay.
Crefcld. See Crevell.
Creil, t. France, on the Oise, 30 m. N. Paris.
Crema, i. Italy, capital of the Cremasco. It is
on the Serio and Travacone, is well built and for-
tified. It is the see of a bishop, and has a splen-
did cathedral. Pop. 8,800. 20 m. N. W. Cre-
mona, 22 E. S. E. Milan. Lon. 9° 41' 57" E. Lat.
45° 21' 29" N.
Cremasco, or Territory of Crema, country, Italy,
between the Adda and Oglio, 74 miles long, and
46 broad.
Cremeanx, t. France, 9 m. S. Roanne.
Cremieu, t. France, 17 m. E. Lyons.
Cremnun, t. Prussia, 22 m. N. N. W. Berlin.
Cremnitz, t. Hungary, situated amidst lofty
mountains. The number of miners is 1,500, the
total population 10,200. 18 m. N. W. Schemnitz,
100 E.Vienna. Lon. 18° 53' 45" E. Lat. 48° 42'
3"N.
Cremona, city, Lombardy, cap. of the Cremxi'
nese, stands in a beautiful plain, about 4 of a mile
from the Po. A canal passes through the town,
and unites the Po with the Oglio. Here are 44
chui'ches and chapels, 43 convents, an obscure
university, and a population of nearly 30,000. —
The tower of Cremona is 372 feet high, and from
its top is a fine view of the fertile plains of Lom-
bardy. 38 m. S. E. Milan. Lon. 10° 2' 12" E.
Lat. 45° 7' 43" N.
Crems, t. Austria, on the Danube, 38 m. W. N.
W. Vienna.
Creon, t. France, 1 1 m. S. Bourdeaux.
Creran. See Linne-loch,
Cresapsburg, p-t. Alleghany co. Md. 5 m. W.
Cumberlanc^.
e R I
Crescetitino, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 20 m. N,
E. Turin, Pop. 4,000.
Crescent Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 223''
30' E. Lat. 23° 22' S.
Crespy, t. France, 38 m. N. E. Paris.
Crespy en Laonnois., t. France, 5 m. N. W.
Laon.
Cressy. See Crec.y.
Crest, Lc, or Le Cret, t. France, on the Drome.
45 m. S. W. Grenoble. Pop. 4,500.
Crete. See Candia.
Crevant^ t. France, near the conflux of the
Eure and the Yonne, 13-1 m. S. by E. Paris. Lon.
3° 39' E. Lat. 47° 42' N.
Crevecoeur, t. Fiunce, on the Scheldt, 5 m. S.
Cambray.
CrevcK, t. Prussian states, west of the Rhine,
6 m. N. W. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6^22' E. Lat. 51°
18' N. Pop. 8,300.
Crevillcnfe, t. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1° 43'
W. Lat. 38° 28' N. Pop. 9,000.
Creus, or Cniz, Capo de, Spain, on the coast of
Catsdonia. Lat. 42° 19' N.
Creuse, r. France ; after a course of 40 leagues,
it falls into the Vienna.
Creuse, a department of France, on the river
Creuse. It contains 2,300 square miles, and
,227,000 inhabitants. Gueret is the capital.
Creussen, t. Bavaria, 7 m. S. Bayreuth.
Creutz, t. Austria, 118 m. S. Vienna. Lon. 16°
32' 18" E. Lat. 46° 1' 16' N.
Creutzberg, v. Ger-many, in Hesse, 25 m. E. S.
E. Cassel. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 51° 5' N.
Creutsburg, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, 7 m.
N. N. W. Eisenach. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 51^6' N.
Creutzburg, t. Silesia, 28 m. E. N. E. Brieg.
Lon. 18° 16' E. Lat. 50° 56' N. Pop. 1.730.
Creutzburg, t. Prussia, 15 m. S. S. W. Konigs-
berg.
Creutzenach, t. Prussian states, in the province
«f the Lower Rhine, on the Nahe. Pop. 3,200, 18
m. S. W. Mentz. Lon. 7° 49' E. Lat. 49" 48' N.
Creux, promontory in Catalonia. Lon. 3° 20'
S0"E. Lat. 42° 19'35"N.
Crewkerne, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 20 m. S. E.
Taunton. Pop. 3,021.
Crewsville, p-v. Hanover co. Va.
Crichlon, v. Scotland, 11 m. S. E. Edinburgh.
Crichton's store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Crickhowell, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, near
tlie Usk, 6 m. N. W. Abergavenny.
Crickieth, t. Wales, 21 m. S. Caernarvon.
Cricklade, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the S.bank of
the Thames, 84^ m. W. N. W. London.
Crieff, t. Scotland, 18 m. W. Perth. Pop. 3,330.
Crillon, Cape, on the S. coast of Saghaliu. Lon.
142° 54' E. Lat. 45° 57' N.
Crimea, or Crim Tartary, (the Chersoncsus
Taurica of the ancients), a peninsula of Eu. Rus-
sia, in the S. of tlie government of Taurida, be-
tween lat. 44° 30' and 46° N. and formed by the
Black sea on the W. and S. and the sea of Azoph
on the E. It is 208 miles long, and 124 broad,
and contains 5,625 sq. miles. The river Salgir
divides the Crimea into two parts, the northern
of which consists of salt marshes, and vast heaths,
which afford pasture to numerous (locks of sheep.
The southern portion of the peninsula is one of
the most delightful spots on the face of tlie globe.
The mountains inclose vallies of the greatest fer-
tility, enjoying a fine climate, and rich in all the
fruits of the South, Owing to the encourage-
C R O
J03
ment of the Russian government, the population,
commerce and wealth of the Crimea, have of late
greatly increased. The population is now esti-
mated at 300,000.
Crio, Cape, the S. W. point of the island of Can-
dia. Lon. 23° 22' E. Lat. 35° 16' N.
Crio, Cape, on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat. 36°
40' N.
Criqueboeuf sur Mer, s-p. France, 7 m. W. Har-
fleur.
Crift, Big and Little, two points on the N. shore
of Lake Superior, E. of isle Grange, Upper Can-
ada, and surrounded by islands ; between these
points is a noted and safe harbor.
Crissu, (an. Crissa) v. Greece, on Parnassus, 3
m. fr. Castria.
Croatia, country, Europe, extending from the
river Drave to the gulf of Venice, between lat,
44° 5' 48" and 46-^ 25' 50" N. It is bounded E. by
Sclavonia and Bosnia, and W. by Carniola and
Styria ; its length is 160 miles, and its breadth
about 100. It belongs principally to Austria, but
partly to Turkey. 'The tract lying between the
rivers Unna and Verbas belongs to Turkey. Aus-
trian Croatia is divided into : 1. The Banat, or
civil department ; 2. The Getieralat, or military
division ; 3. The Litlorale, or maritime tract, be-
tween Fiume and Carlopago. The first of these
divisions has a government and provincial states
similar to those of Hungary ; the constitution of
the second is entirely military ; and the third has
a separate governor. Austrian Croatia contains
9,421 sq. miles, and 800,000 inhabitants. The in-
habitants are divided into two great classes, thfe
Germans and Sclavonians. The religion is citliei;"
the Catholic or Greek.
Croghan''s gap, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Croghanville, t. Sandusky co. Ohio, on the E.
side of Sandusky river, opposite Fort Stephenson,
20 m. above its mouth, 105 E. Columbus.
Croja, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 18 m. N. E.
Durazzo, 28 S. Scutai-i.
Croin, t. P^ ranee, 3 m. fr. Cognac.
Croisette, promontory on the S. coast of France,
near Marseilles.
Croisic, Le, s-p. France, on a point of land be-
tween the mouths of the Villaine and the Loire,
40 m. W. Nantes. Lat. 47° 17' 43" N.
Crolles, t. France, 10 m. N. E. Grenoble.
Cromar. See Marr.
Cromarty, county, Scotland, formed of several
detached portions within the county of Ross. Pop.
4,000.
Cromarty, s-p. Scotland, in Cromarty co. is on a,
peninsula between the friths of Cromarty and
Murray. It has a safe and commodious harbour.
Pop. 2,413. 19 m. N. E. Inverness.
Cromer, s-p. Eng. in Norfolk, 21 m. N. Nor-
wich. Lon. 0° 30' E. Lat. 52° 55' N.
Cromford, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, on the Der-
went, 141 m. N. London. Pop. 1,259.
Crompton, t. Eng. near Manchester. Pop. 4,746.
Cronach, r. Franconia, falls into the White
Maine, 20 m. E. Culmbach.
Cronach, t. Bavaria, 13 m. E. Coburg, 30 N. E.
Bamberg. Lon. 11^20' E. Lat. 50° 15' N.
Cronat sur Loire, t. France, 32 m. S. W. Atitun.
Cronberg, t. Germany, 9 m. N. W. I'l-anklbrt on
the Maine.
Cronborg, a fortress of Denmark, on the island
of Zealand, on a point of land on the W. side of
the Sound, a little N. of Elsinore, and opposite
204
C R O
CUB
Helsingborg', in Sweden. It is intended to ^lard
the passage of the sound ; 24 m. N. Copenhagen.
Lon. 12° 35' E. Lat. 50° 3' N.
Crone, t. of the Prussian states, in Posen, 56 m.
S. Dantzic. Pop. 2,000.
Cronebane, hill, Ireland, in Arklow, 8 m. S. S.
W. Wicklow, famous for iron and sulphur.
Cronstadt, s-p. and fortress of Russia, in the gov-
ernment of St. Petersburg, at the S. E. extremity
of the island of Retusari,"in the gulf of Finland.
The principal public buildings are the imperial
hospital for sailors, the civil hospital, the barracks,
the English and German churches, &«. The har-
bour is very spacious, and is the principal station
of the Russian navy. The docks can hold ten men
of war. Here is a foundery for casting cannon, and
a rope-waJk for manufacturing cables of all sizes,
with great magazines of naval stores. Cronstadt
is defended towards the sea by fortifications pro-
jecting into the water, and towards the land by
ramparts and bastions. The principal passage to
St. Petersburg is between this town and Cron-
schlott. This channel is of sufficient depth for the
largest ships, and can be opened and shut at plea-
sure. The principal exports are iron, flax, hemp,
Knseed, oil, and tar. Pop. 40,000, of whom 10,000
are sailors ; 22 m. W. of St. Petersburg. Lon. 29°
49' 30" E. Lat. 59° 59' 26" N.
Cronstadt, a large trading town of Transylva-
nia, on the Farcas. Pop. 23,000. 50 m. E. N. E.
Hermannstadt. Lon. 25° 33' 47" E. Lat. 45° 36'
30" N.
Crooked creek, Pa. runs into the Alleghany 8 m.
below Kittaning.
Crooked creek bridge, p-v. Armstrong co. Fa.
Crooked Islands, among the Baliamas. Lon. 74°
W. Lat. 22° 30' N.
Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Ontario counties,
N. Y. communicates by an outlet, 5 miles long,
with Seneca Lake. It is 18 miles long, and 1^
broad.
Crooked river, Maine, runs into Seabakook pond
after a S. S. E. course of about 40 miles.
Crooked river, Camden co. Geo. runs into the
Atlantic between the Satilla and the St. Mary's,
12or]4m. N. St. Mary's.
Crooked river, Illinois, runs into the Illinois from
the N. W. 75 m. above its mouth.
Cropani, t. Naples, 9 m. E. N. E. St. Severina.
Cropredy, v. Eng. in Oxford co. 3 m. N. Banbury.
Crosby, p-t. Hancock co. Maine.
Crosby, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami,
opposite Colerain.
Cross Anchor, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C.
Cross creeks. See Fayetteville.
Cross creek, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,847.
Cross creek, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 3 m. W. Steu-
benville.
Cross island, on the coast of Maine, at the en-
trance into Mac bias bay. Lon. 67° 15' W.
Cross Keys, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Cross Keys, p-v. Union co. S. C.
Cross Lake, N. Y. on the borders of Cayuga
and Onondago counties. Seneca river passes
through it.
Cross River, W. Africa, falls into the sea at the
head of Old Calabar Bay.
Cross Cape, on the E. coast of Florida. Lon. 84°
50' W. Lat. 46° 27' N.
Cross Cape, N. W. coast of America, the S. E.
ppint of Cross sound. Lat. 57° 56' N.
Cross river, p-v. Westchester co. N. Y.
Cross roads, v. ia New-London, Chester co, Pa,
27 m. S. E. Lancaster, UN. by W. Elkton, MA.
and 18 W. N. W. Wilmington, Del.
Cross roads, v. Kent co. Md. 2 m. S. George-
town.
Cross Sound, a spacious opening on the N. W,
coast of America, between Cape Spencer, on the
continent, and Point Bingham on the coast of King
George's archipelago. Lat. 58° 8' N.
Crossen, t. Germany, 68 m. E. S. E. Berlin.
Crosstvicks. v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m. S. W.
AUentown, 8 S. E. Trenton, 14 S. W. Burlington.
Crostolo, r. Italy, joins the Po above Guastalla.
Crotendorf, v. Saxony, 18 m. S. Chemnitz.
Croton creek, rises in New-Fairfield, Ct. and
running across Putnam and Westchester counties,
N. Y. falls into the Tappan sea, in Hudson river.
At Croton-falls the water descends perpendicu-
larly 60 or 70 feet. A bridge erected across the
creek 3 miles from its mouth, commands a fine
view of the falls.
Crotoy, Le, s-p. France, on the Somme, 12 nt.
N. W. Abbeville. Lat. 50° 12' 45" N.
Crovet, t. Savoy, 2 m. N. E. Montmelian.
Crovie, v. Scotland, in Banff, 14 m. W. Fraser-
burg.
Crouy, t. France, 10 m. N. E. Meaux.
Crouzille, La, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Limoges.
Crow creek, Ten. falls into the Tennessee, oppo-
site Crow town, 12 m. below Nickojack town.
C'roio Head, cape, Ireland, the N. W. extremity
of Bantry bay. Lon. 10° 2' W. Lat. 51° 32' N.
Crowtand, or Croyland, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire,
8 m. S. Spalding.
Crowle, t. Eng. 36 m. N. Lincoln.
Crownpoinf, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Cham-
plain, 15 m. N. Ticonderoga, 184 from Montreal.
Lat. 44° 3' N. Lon. 73° 29' W. Pop. 1,082. The
fort in this town, called Crownpoint, was the most
regular and expensive which the British construc-
ted in America, and is conspicuous in the history
of the American wars. It is now wholly demol-
ished.
Crou'snesf, mt. in the Highlands, near Hudson
river, N. Y. Height, 1,330 feet.
Crou'sville, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C.
Cray, t. France, 5 m. N. W. Amiens.
Cro)/, or Crouy, isl. in the Indian ocean. Lon.
68° 34' E. Lat. 48° 40' S.
Croyere, La, Islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
134° 41' W. Lat. 55° 50' N.
Croydon, t. Eng. in Surrey, 10 m. S. Londoa.
Pop. 7,801.
Croydon, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 18 m. N. E.
Charleston, 34 N. W. Concord. Pop. 862.
Crozet, t. France, 10 m. N. W. Roanne.
Crozon, t. France, in Finisterre, on a peninsu-
la, in the bay of Douarnenez. Pop. 8,000, mostly
sailors and fishermen.
Cruces, t. [Panama, on Chagre river, 5 leagues
from Panama.
Crvden, parish, Scotland, in Aberdeenshire.
Crugerstown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Crumin-JVatery r. Ireland, falls into Lough
Neagh.
Crusy, t. France, 14 m. W. Beziers.
Cruys, Kruys-Schans, or Fort la Croix, fort,
Netherlands, on the Scheldt, about 5 m. N. N. W.
Antwerp.
Cub, South and J^torth, 2 small islands of Hud-
son's bay, in James bay. Lon.80° 30' W. Lat. 54° N.
Cuba, t. Portugal, 9 m. N. N. W. Beja,
Cuba, a large island in the West Indies, at the
mouth of the gulf of Mexico, 764 miles long. It
CUE
extenJs from 19° 48' to 23° 15' N. lat. ami from
74° 2' to 84° 55' W. Ion. A chain of mountauns
extends from E. to W. along the whole length of
the island, ami divides it into two parts. The
months of July and August are rainy ; the rest of
the year is dry and hot. The soil is of great fertil-
ity, and produces in abundance, ginger, long pep-
per, and other spices; aloe?, maize, cocoa,
&c. Tobacco grows also to great perfection ; it
is exported to Europe in leaf, snuff, and cigars,
and is held superior to the tobacco of other parts
of America. This article is monopolized for the
benefit of the crown. The cultivation of sugar
has also been carried to a great extent ; the quan-
tity exported having amounted, on an average,
from 1801 to 1810, to 644,000 cwt. per annum.
Coffee began to be planted in Cuba after the de-
struction of the coffee plantations in St. Domin-
go : and in 1803 it produced about 12,000 quin-
tals, or 18 millions of pounds. Honey and wax are
also among the exports. Numerous herds of cattle
feed on the extensive meadows, and are hunted
chiefly for their skins, 10 or 12,000 of which are
annually exported. Pop. in 1804, 432,000, of
whom 234,000 are whites, 90,000 free blacks, and
108,000 slaves. The number of slaves imported
into the island between 1789 and 1803, was
76,000.
Cuba^ a city in the island of Cuba, with a good
port. Lon, 76° 3' W. Lat. 20° 1' N.
Cubagua, small isl. near the coast of Cumana,
formerly celebrated for beautiful pearls. Lon. 63°
30' VV. Lat. 10° 42' N.
Chibbs creek, Va. runs into Staunton river, lon.
79° W. Lat. 36° 47' N.
C'ublanc, t. France, 10 m. S. W. Brive.
Cuckjield, t. Eng. in Sussex, 46 m. S. London.
Cuckmere, r. Eng. falls into the English channel,
atCuckmere haven, 3 m. W. Beachy head.
Cuckooville, p-v. Louisa co. Va.
Cudagk, or Cuot/lach Bay, on the S. W, coast of
Ireland, at the entrance intoKenmare river. Lat.
51° 38' N.
Cuddalore, t. India, in the Carnatic, on the W.
shore of the bay of Bengal. Its position would
have been more favourable than that of Madras
for the chief settlement of the British, on the coast
of Coromandel. Lon.| 79° 50' E. Lat. 1 1 ° 40^ N.
Cuddapah, district, Hind, in Golconda. In
1800, it was ceded to the British. Cuddapah, the
capital, is the residence of the British judge, col-
lector, &c. Lon. 79° E. Lat. 14° 28' N.
Cudgwa, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80° 48'
E. Lat. 26° 6' N.
Cudjeree. See Kedgeree.
Cudrejin, t. Switzerland, in Fribourg, on the
lake of Neufchatel, 5 m. S. E. Neufchatel, 21 W.
Bern.
Cuellar, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 36 m. from Se-
govia.
Cuenca, city, Spain, in New Castile, capital of
the province of Cuenca, is situated on a rising
ground, between the rivers Huecar and Xucar.
75 m. E. Madrid, 100 W. N. W. Valencia. Pop.
6,000. Lon. 2° 16' W. Lat. 40° 6' 15" N.
Cuenca, a province of Spain, which forms the
E. part of New Castile.
Cuenca, t. S. America, and cap. of the province
of Cuenca, is in a valley celebrated for its pleas-
antness and fertility. 180 m. 8. Quito. Lon. 78°
50' W. Lat. 2° 55' S. Pop. 14,000.
Cuernavacca, (an. Quaufi'mhnac,) t. Mexico,
40 m.S. S.W.Mexico.
CUM
205
Cuers, t. France, 11 m. N. N. E Toulon. Pop.
4,900.
Cufa, t. Irak Arabi, on the Euphrates, 90 m. S.
Bagdad.
Cuiaba, r. Brazil, falls into the Paraguay, in S.
lat. 17° 50'
Cuiaba, t. Brazil, in Mattogrosso, on the Cuia-
ba, 96 leagues from its mouth. Pop. estimated at
30,000. Lon. 56° 2' W. Lat. 15° 33' S.
Cujavia, formerly a province of Poland, on the
Vistula. It now belongs partly to Russia, and
partly to Prussia.
Cuille, t. France, 15 m. W. S. W. Laval,
Culebras, Rio de, r. Mexico, separates Costa
Rica from Veragua, and falls into the Spanish
main. Lon. 82° 20' W. Lat. 9° 20' N.
Cuiembivrg, t. Netherlands, 27 m. S. S. E. Am-
sterdam.
Culhac, t. France, 10 m. E. Riom.
Culiacan, t. New Spain, in Sonora, containing
10,000 inhabitants, on Culiacan river, which en-
ters the Gulf of California in lat. 24° 30' N. It was
formerly capital of a province of the same name.
Ciillen, s-p. Scotland, in Banff, 58 m. N. W. Ab-
erdeen. Pop. 1,070.
Cullera, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia,
Lat. 39° 9' N.
Cullera, t. Spain, at the mouth of the Xucar,
21 m. S. Valencia.
Culloden-Moor, heath of Scotland, Inverness-
shire, 5 m. E. Inverness.
Cully, or Cuilli, t. Switzerland, 5 m. S. E. Lau-
sanne.
Culm, t. Prussia, 18 m. N. N. W. Thorn. Lon,
18° 10' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Culm, t. Bohemia, 8 m. N. E. Egra.
Culmbach, t. Bavaria, 15 m. N. N. W. Bayreuth.
Pop. 3,700. Lon. 1 1° 30' E. Lat. 50 °5' N.
Culna, t. Bengal, in Burdwan, on the W. bank
of the Bhagarutty river. Lon. 88° 21' E. Lat.
23° 13' N.
Culna, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89° 32' E,
Lat. 22° 50' N.
Culpee, t. Bengal, on the E. bank of the Bhaga-
rutty river, 28 m. S. Calcutta.
Culpepper, co. Va. between tlie Blue Ridge and
the tide waters. At the court-house is a post-of-
fice. 45 m. from Fredericksburg, 95 from Char-
lotteville. Pop. 18,967. Slaves, 8,312. Chief
town, Fairfax.
Culross, t. Scotland, on the N. shore of tlie frith
of Forth, 5 m. W. Dunfermline.
Culler, r. Scotland, falls into the Clyde, 3 m. S.
W. Biggar ; another, fells into the Dee.
Ctima, or Cumm, a famous town of antiquity,
near Naples, and 4 m. N. W. Pozzuolo.
Cuma, small isl. 5 m. W. Naples.
Cumana, a province of the Caraccas, in S. A-
merica, bounded N. and E. by the Caribbean sea,
S. by Spanish Guiana, and W. by Venezuela. Pop.
in 1804, according to Depons, 80,000.
Cumana, city, S. America, and cap. of the
province of Cumana, is near the mouth of the gulf
of Cariaco, about a mile from the sea, on an arid
and sandy plain. Earthquakes are very frequent
at Cumana. In 1797, more than four-fifths of the
city were entirely destroyed. The inhabitants are
occupied partly in agriculture, and partly in nav-
igation, commerce, and the fisheries. Lon. 64°
13' W. Lat. 10° 37' N.
Cumanacoa, t. Caraccas, 14 leagues S. E. Cu-
mana. Pop. 4,200.
206
CUM
Cumbarcem, small isl. in the south of India, op-
posite Goa.
Cumbava, or Sumbawa, isl. in the E. India sea,
180 miles long, and from 20 to 40 broad. Lon.
116° 20' to 119° 30' E. Lat. 8° 5' to 9° 2' S. The
tremendous volcano of Tomboro is on this island.
Cumber, t. Ireland, 9 m. S. E. Belfast.
Cumberland, co. Eng. bounded N. by Solway
frith, Adrian's wall, and the river Liddal, which
separate it from Scotland ; W. by the Irish sea ;
S. by Westmoreland and Lancashire ; E. by North-
umberland and Durham. It contains 1,5 16 square
miles. Pop. in 1811, 133,744. Families, 28,390,
of which number, 10,868 were engaged in agri-
culture, and 1 1,448 in trade and manufactures.
Cumberland, co. New Brunswick, at the head of
the Bay of Fundy.
Cumberland, co. in the S. W part of Maine,
bounded N. by Oxford, E. by Lincoln, S. by the
Atlantic, and W. by York. Pop. 42,831. Chief
town, Portland.
Cumberland, t. Providence co.R. I. on Pawtuck-
et river, 8 m. N. Providence. Pop. 2,110. It is
extensively engaged in cotton manufactures. It
contains 4 houses of public worship, 2 for Bap-
tists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Quakers.
Cumberland, co. N. J. on Delaware bay, boun-
ded N. by Gloucester co. E. by Cape May co. S.
by Delaware ba)', and W. by Salem co. Pop.
12,670. Chief town, Bridgetown.
Cumberland, co. Pa. bounded N. by Mifflin, E.
by the Susquehannah, which separates it from
Dauphin, S. by York and Adams, and S. W. and
W. by Franklin. Pop. 26,757. Chief town,
Carlisle.
Cumberlrmd, t. Adams co. Pa.
Cumberland, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,591.
Cumberland valley, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop.
570.
Cumberland, p-t. and cap. Alleghany co. Md. on
the Potomac, at the junction of Wills creek,
148 m. W. by N. Baltimore, 105 N. W. Washing-
ton. Lat 39° 37' N. It contains a court house
and jail, a bank, and 3 churches, 1 for Lutherans,
1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists.
Cumberland, co. Va. on the N. sideof Appoma-
tox river, which divides it from Prince Edward.
The court-house, where is a post-office, is 28 m.
from Powhattan, 52 from Richmond. Pop. 9,992.
Slaves, 6,102. Chieftown, Cartersville.
Cumberland, t. New Kent co. Va. on the Pa-
munky, 55 m. E. Richmond.
Cumberland, co. in Fayette district, N. C. Pop.
9,382. Slaves, 2,796. Chief town, Fayette-
yille.
Cumberland, co. Ken, Pop. 6,191. Slaves,
922. Chieftown, Berksville.
Cumberland ford, p-v. Knox co. Ken.
Cumberland gap, p-v. Clairborne co. Ten.
Cumberland head., a peninsula on the W. shore
of Lake Champlain, between which and the main
land is Cumberland bay.
Cumberland Bay, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 66° 42' N.
Cumberland House, one of the Hudson-bay com-
pany's factories, on Pine island Lake. Lon. 102°
6' W. Lat. 53° 58' N.
Cumberland island, on the coast of Geo. be-
tween the mouths of Satilla and St. Mary's river.
On the S. point, there was formerly a fort, which
commanded the entrance of St. Mary's river.
Cumberland Islands, near the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 21 1° 28' W. Lat. 20° 36' S.
CUR
Cumberland mountains, are a part of the Laure},
mountains, and extend N. E. and S. W. from Vir-
ginia, along the S. E. border of Kentucky, across
Tennessee, terminating near its southern bounda-
ry. The ridge is about 30 miles broad, and enlar-
ges in Tennessee to the width of 50 miles. In one
place there is a ledge of rocks near the summit, 30
miles long, with a perpendicular front to the 8. E.
of 200 feet. The 'Tennessee river breaks through
this ridge at a place called the Whirl, or Suck.
Cumberland river, U. States, rises in the Cum-
berland mountains, in Kentucky, and running into
Tennessee, makes a circular bend, passing again
into Kentucky, and empties into the Ohio, 1,113 m.
below Pittsburg, 10 above the mouth of Tennes-
see river. It is 600 miles long, and navigable for
boats of 15 tons, 500 miles.
Cumberland Strait, in Hac N. sea. Lon. 65^ 2ff
W. Lat. 63035' N.
Cumbernauld, v. Scotland, in Dunbarton, 14 m.
N. E. Glasgow. Pop. 2,334.
Cumbray, Great, isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Clyde, and separated from Little Cumbray by a
strait I of a mile broad.
Cumiana, t. Piedmont, 12 m. S. W. Turin. Pop.
4,600.
Cumly, small district of In,'Ma, on the coast of
Malabar, situated between 12° and 13° N. lat.
Cummazee, large t. W. Africa, cap. of Ashan-
tee.
Cummington, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. N
W. Northampton. Pop. 1,009.
Cumnock, New and Old, 2 parishes, Scotland, iu
Ayrshire. Old Cumnock is 15 m. E. Ayr.
Cumo, t. Sweden, 24 m. S. E. Biorneborg,
Cmidapour, s-p. on tlie coast of Malabar. Lat.
13° 40' N.
Cuneni, large r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlan-
tic on the coasts, of Benguela, under the name of
Bembarooghe.
Cunlhat, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 14 m. N.
W. Ambert.
Cunnersdorf, v. Prussia, 3 m. E. N. E. Frankfort
on the Oder.
Cunningham, district, Scotland, in Ayrshire.
Cunningham's island, at the W. end of Lake
Erie, near the entrance of Sandusky bay.
Cunningham's store, p-v. Person co. N. C.
Cunnoor, t. India, 25 m. from Mysore.
Cuorgne, t. Piedmont, on the Oreo, 10 m. S. W.
Ivrea.
Cupar, t. Scotland, in Fife, at the junction of the
Eden with the St. Mary, 22 m. E. S. E. Perth.
Pop. 4,758.
Cupar-Angus, t. Scotland, 12 m. N. N. E. Perth,
15 N. W. Dundee. Pop. 2,590.
Cupertino, t. Naples, in Otranto, 8 m- N. E.
Nardo.
Cupica, bay, or s-p. on the W. coast of Grenada,
N. of Cape Corrientes, and S. of St, Miguel.
Curacoa, isl. in the Caribbean sea, 75 m. from
the coast of Caraccas, 30 miles long and 10 broad.
It produces sugar and tobacco, but its soil is not
fertile, and it is dependent on the rains for a supply
of water. It belongs to the Dutch. It was cap-
tured by the British in 1806, but restored in 1814.
In 1810 its exports amounted in value to 263,996 /.
and its imports to 236,181. Lon. 69° 2' W. Lat.
12° 6' N. The city of Curracoa has a good port,
Ibrtified by a castle.
Curaoma, Punia de, cape on the coast of Chili.
Lat. 33° 8' S.
^ Curasay, r. Quito, fells into the Napo.
c u s
c u z
207
Curemonde, t. France, 13 m. S. E. Brive.
Cnren, s-p. Barca, in Africa, on the site of the
ancient Cyrene. Lon. 21^ 20' E.
Curgie, s-p. Scotland, in Wigtonshire,
Curial. See Mangalore.
Curico, or St. Joseph of Bueno Vista, t. Chili.
Lat. 34° 14' S.
Curisches Haff, or the Gulf of Courland, an arm
of the sea in East Prussia, which extends from
Mulzen to Memel, where it communicates with
the Baltic. Its leng;th is about 70 miles.
Curlew Mountains, Ireland, between loughs Ga-
ra and Arrow.
Curraghoe Mountains, Ireland, 15 m. S, W.
Strabane.
Ctirrah, district. Hind, in Allahabad. Currah,
the capital, is on the Ganges. Lon. 81° 24' E.
Lat. 25° 44' N.
Currant, r. Ai-kansaw Territory, runs into
White River from the west, and is navigable 100
miles.
Currie, v. Scotland, 6 m. S. W. Edinburgh.
Currituck, co. on the coast of Edenton district,
N. C. bounded N. by Virginia, E. by Currituck
Sound, S. by Albemarle Sound, and W. by Cam-
den* CO. Pop. 6,985. Slaves, 1,631. Dismal
Swamp is in this county. Currituck Sound com-
municates with Albemarle Sound, and also by sev-
eral inlets with the Atlantic.
Cii.rrumboss, t. Hind, on the Ganges. Lon, 78°
14' E. Lat. 28° 20' N.
Curryrurt/, a frontier district of Bengal, on the
E. side of the Brahmapootra.
Curtatone, t. Lombardy, 4 m. W. Mantua.
Curuan, or Quariana, small islands near the
coast of Brazil. Lat. 0° 50' N.
Curvens, p-v. Lawrence co. Arkansaw Territory.
Curupi, r. S. America, falls into the Orinoco.
Curuputuba, r. Brazil, falls into the Amazon on
the N. in lat. 1° 52' S.
Cursola, (an. Corcyra J^itra,) isl. in the Adriat-
ic, separated by a narrow strait from the penin-
sula of Sabioncello in Dalmatia. Curzola, the
capital, is in lon. 17° 6' E. lat. 43° 12' N.
Curzolari, (an. Echince, or Echinades Insula,) 5
small islands near the coast of Greece and the
gulf of Lepanto, 12 m» E. Cefalonia.
Cusawago creek, r. Pa. joins French creek at
Meadville.
Cusco. See Cuzco.
Ctish, or Ethiopia, in Sac. Geog. comprises the
south part of Arabia, and a large country of Africa
south of Egypt.
Cusheeny, r. Ireland, runs into the Little Bar-
row, 7 m. E. N. E. Portarlington.
Cushenden Bay, bay on the E. coast of Ireland.
Lat. 55° 7' N.
Cushing, I. Lincoln co. Maine, 33 m. E. Wis-
casset. Pop. 532.
Cusset, t. France, on the Allier, 12 m. E. Gan-
nat.
Custee, t. Bengal, 45 m. S. E. Moorshedabad.
Custine, or Conde sur Moselle, v. France, 16 m.
N. N. W. Nancy.
Custrin, fortified t. Prussian States, in the New
Mark of Brandenburg, at the confluence of the
Wartha and the Oder. 48 m. E. Berlin. Pop.
4,500. Lon. 14° 48' E. Lat. 52° 38' N.
Cusu Leuvii, large river, Patagonia, falls into
the Atlantic, in lat. 41° S. It is known under
the names, Rio JVegro, the Desagu-rro, and Leuvu
V<tmo, or Black rrm-.
Gulanlegutt, r. Ontario co. N. Y. rises about 20
m. S. lake Ontario, and runs into Cutantfeguet bay,
9 m. fr. lake Ontario.
Cuich, district. Hind, between 23° and 24° N.
Iat.and69° and7l° E. lon. bounded N.by Ajmerc,
E. by Gujerat, S. by the sea, and W. by Sind. It
is possessed by various independent chiefs.
Cutchogue, p-v. Suffolk co. N. Y.
Cutchwara, district, Hind, in Malwah, situated
about 25° N. lat. and between 76° and 78° E. lon.
Cictlymara, t, Bengal, on the Ganges, 18 m. E.
N, E. Moorshedabad.
Cuttack, district,- Hind, in Orissa, between 20°
and 22° N. lat. bounded N. by Bengal, W. by a
range of mountains, and E. by the sea. It is 140
miles long, by 60 broad. Pop. 1,200,000. In this
district is the celebrated temple of Juggernaut,
which is annually visited by some hundreds of
thousands of Hindoo pilgrims. Cuttack was ce-
ded to the British in 1803, and is now managed by
a civil establishment of a judge, collector. Sic.
Cuttack, city. Hind. cap. of Cuttack district,
stands on an island, formed by the Mahanuddy
river. Lon. 86° 10' E. Lat. 20° 31' N.
Cutterah, i. Hind, in Bareily. Lon. 79° 37' E.
Lat. 28° 3' N.
Cutwa, t. Bengal, on the W. bank of the Hoog-
ly, 75 m. N, Calcutta. It is a station of the Eng-
lish Baptists, and the centre of a large circle of
itinerant labors, carried on by native preachers,
under the direction of an European Missionary.
Schools have been established, in which nearly
1000 children are instructed.
Cuves, t. France, 10 ra. N. E. Avranches.
Cuvio, t. Lombardy, 15 m. N. W. Como.
Cuxac, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Narbonne ; an-
other, 9 m. fr. Carcassonne.
Cuxhaven, s-p. Germany, on the left bank of
the Elbe, at its mouth. The harbor is large and
commodious, and having lately been improved at
a great expense, is one of the safest on the coast,
and is resorted to in all cases of danger. 60 m.
N. W. Hamburgh. The light-house is in lon. 8'-
43'1"E. Lat. 53° 52' 21" N.
Cuyahoga, r. Ohio, runs into lake Erie, after a
course of 60 miles. It is navigable a considera-
ble distance. There is only a short portage be-
tween tliis river, and the branches of the Muskitf-
gum.
Cuyahoga, co. Ohio, on lake Erie, at the mouth
of Cuyahoga river. Pop. in 1815, 2,500. Chief
town, Cleveland.
Cuyo, province, S. America, on the E. side of
the Andes, formerly included in Chili, but now
annexed to Buenos Ayres.
Cuzco, city, Peru, and the ancient capital ol
the Peruvian empire. It was founded in 1043, by
Manca Capac, the first Inca of Peru. The gran-
deur and magnificence of the edifices, of the for-
tress, and of the temple of the sun, struck the
Spaniards with astonishment in 1534, wlien the
city was taken by Pizarro. The city preserve?
many monuments of its ancient grandeur, and
among others, the great fortress built for its de-
fence, which, although injured by time, bears tes-
timony to the power of the Incas, and excites as-
tonishment in the mind of every beholder. Cuzcr.
is at present a large city. The houses are almost
all of stone, and of fine proportion. There is an
elegant cathedral, and 9 churches. Pop. 20,000,
550 m. E, S. E. Lima. Lon. 71^ 4' ^V, Lat. VT-
42' S.
208
D A C
DAG
Cuzwnely isl. near the coast of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras. Lat. 19° N.
Cyclades, the name given by the ancients to a
group of islands in the Archipelago. Andros is
the most northerly, and Santorin the most south-
erly ; the others of note are Naxos, Paros, Peri-
pho, Milo, Zea, Tino, and Stampalia. See jir-
chipelago.
Cynthiana. See Cinthiania.
Cypress-bridge, p-v. Chatham co. N. C.
Cyprus, isl. near the coast of Asia Minor, 140
miles long, and 75 broad. It was much celebrated
in ancient times, for its ample population, its
smiling aspect, and, above all, as the abode of
gaiety and pleasure. It is nearly traversed from
E. to W. by two lofty chains of mountains. South
of the mountains are level tracts, which are ex-
posed, without shelter, to burning blasts from the
deserts of Africa and Arabia.
The corn of Cyprus is of excellent quality ;
but wine is the staple product of the island. Its
grapes are perhaps, the richest and most luscious
in the world. Other products are apricots,
cheese, wool, cotton, silk, and salt. Cyprus is
noted for manufactures of leather, carpets, and
printed cottons. — Two-thirds of the inhabitants
are Christian, but are cruelly oppressed by their
Turkish masters. The governor resides at Nico-
tia : his appointment is annual, and obtained by
purchase ; so that the object of every successive
ruler is to extort the utmost possible amount of
revenue, without any regard to what may after-
•wards become of the island. Under this horrid
system J Cyprus, from being one of the most fertile
ajid beautiful spots in the world, has been coo-
verted almost into a desert. Pop. 60,000.
Cyrene, in Sac. Geog. a celebrated city of Af-
rica, and the metropolis of Libya Superior, which
was called from it Cyrenean Libya. See Libya.
There are other cities of this name, mentioned in
the Bible : one, in Media ; another, in Palestine,
which was the birth place of Simon who carried
the cross of Jesus.
Czarnihow, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m. N. Posen.
Czarnoxco, v. Poland, on the Narew.
Czartorysk, t. Russia, 42 m. E. S. E. Prague.
Czaslau, t. Bohemia, cap. of a circle on the
Crudimka.
Czenstochowa, JVetv, t. Russian Poland, 50 m-.
N. N. W. Cracow.
Czernahora, t. Moravia, 14 m. N. Brunn.
Czemigov, or Tschemigov, a government of Eu.
Russia, between those of Mohilev, Smolensk©,
Orel, Kursk, Pultava, Kiev, and Minsk. Pop.
741,850. — Czernigov, the capital, is on the Des-
na, 75 m. N. Kiev, 344 S. W. Moscow. Lon. 32°
13' E. Lat. 51° 20' N. Pop. 5,000.
Czernitz, t. Walachia, near the Danube, 44 m.
E. Belgrade.
Czernovicz, or Tschemowitz, t. Austrian em{fire,
in Galicia, on the Pruth, 140 m. S. E. Lemberg,
95 N. W. Jassy. Lon. 26° 33' E. Lat. 48° 25'
40" N. Pop. 5,400.
Czersk, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 25 m. S. E.
Warsaw.
Czongrad, t. Hungary, at the conflux of the
Korosch and the Theyss. Lon. 20° 9' E. Lat.
46° 43' 12" N.
D.
Dabul, t. on the W. coast of Hind. 80 m. S.
Bombay. Lat. 17^ 45' N.
Dacca Jelalpore, district, Bengal, between 23°
and 24° N. lat. It is 180 m. long, and 60 broad,
and is intersected by the Ganges and Brahmapoo-
tra, which, with their various branches, form a
complete inland navigation. It is esteemed the
richest district in Bengal. Its principal produce
is rice. Next to this are betel nut, tobacco, and
cotton. Dacca is the capital.
Dacca, city, Hind. cap. of Dacca district, and
for 80 years the capital of Bengal, is on the N.
bank of the Old Ganges, 100 m. from the sea, a
position extremely favourable for trade, as the
river communicates with all the other inland
navigations. Here are manufactured those beau-
tiful muslins, which are exported to every part of
the world. It is the residence of an English j udge
and collector, and the station of a battalion of na-
tive infantry. The English Baptists support a
missionary here, and schools, in which more than
500 children are instructed. 180 m. N.E.Cal-
cutta. Lon. 90° 17' E. Lat. 23° 42' N.
Dacheet, r. Louisiana, runs into Red river, at
lake Bistineau.
Dachsback, t. Bavaria, 22 m. S. Bamberg.
Dachsland, v. Baden, on the Rhine, 11 m. N. E.
Rastadt.
Dachstem, t, France, 8 m, W. Stra?barg.
Dacino, r. Quito, which enters the Coca, in lal;
30' S.
Dadacardim, t. A. Turkey, 60 m. S. Diar*
bekir.
Dadi, t. Greece, near Parnassus, 50 m. N. Cas-
tri, 75 S. Larissa. Pop. 9,000.
Dadivan, a plain of Persia, between Schiraz
and Lar, about 15 miles in circumference, where
the European merchants of Ormus retreat during
the heats of summer.
Dadizeele, t. Netherlands, 13 m. E. by S. Ypres,
Daffer, small isl. off the coast of S. Africa. Lon.
18° E. Lat. 33° 20' S.
DageleVs Island, in the sea of Japan. Lon. 131"^
22' E. Lat. 37° 25' N.
Dagenham, v. Eng. on the Thames, 9 m. E.
London.
Dageou, small country of Central Africa, be-
tween Darfur and Bergoo.
Dagerort, v. Russia, on the island of Dagoe.
Daghestan, country, Asia, on the W. coast of
the Caspian sea, between 41° and 43° N. lat,,
about 134 miles long, by 30 or 40 broad. The
principal towns are Tarki and Derbend. It is
suWect to the Russians.
Dagjour. See Dashour.
Dagma, or Dagomar, t. Arabia, near the sea
coast, 20 m. fr. Kalhat. Lat. 23° 21' N.
Dagno Trenidava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania-
DAL
DAM
209
at the junction of the White and Black Drino,
'25 m. S. E. Scutari. Lon. 14° 58' E. Lat. 42"
32- N.
Dagoe, or Dagen, isl. in the Baltic, at the en-
trance of the gulf of Finland, with a light-house
at Dagerort, in lon. 21° 39' 15" E. lat. 58^^ 56' N.
Dagoice, t. Egypt, on the Damietta branch of
the Nile, 12 m. N. Cairo.
Dagsboroiigh, p-t. and hundred, Sussex co. Del.
on Pepers creek, a branch of Indian river, 19 m.
fr. Broadkill, 127 fr. Philadelphia,
DahaJac, isl. in the Red sea, off the coast of
Abyssinia, nearly opposite to Massuah.
i)ahay Pointy the N. E. extremity of the island
of Panay. Lon. 121° 55' E. Lat. 12° 4' N.
Dak/Li, V. Arabia, in Yemen, 46 m. S. E. Lo-
heia.
Dahme, t. Prussian states, on the river Dahme,
40 m. S. Berlin.
Dahomci/, a kingdom in the interior of W. Af-
vica, behind the Slave coast. The country is
very little known to Europeans. The parts which
have been visited, are very beautiful and fertile.
The soil is a deep rich clay, yielding maize, mil-
let, and Guinea corn in abundance. The inhabi-
tants are a warlike and ferocious race. Their
institutions and political system are of a very
extraordinary character. Their Avomen are train-
ed to arms. All the females of the nation are
considered as belonging to the king, and a distri-
bution of wives takes place once a year, at a grand
festival. The government is the mo«t absolute
despotism ; yet founded not on force or terror, but
on a blind and idolatrous veneration for the per-
son of the sovereign.
D'' Ailleboul, seigniory, Warwicl:: co. Lower
Canada.
Daina, v. Syria, 23 m. fr. Antioch.
Dair el Kamar, or the House of the Moon, t.
Syria, 18 m. N. E. Saide.
Dal, V. Sweden, falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Dalai. See Coulan.
Dale, r. Ireland, runs into the Foyle, below
Lifford.
Dale, V. Cyprus, on the site of the ancient Ida-
lium, 12 m. S. Nicosia.
Dalecarlia, province, Sweden, bounded W. by
the mountains of Norway, N. by Hcrjedal, E. by
Helsingland, S. by Westmannland. Since the re-
cent division of the Swedish domiiiions, it is
known by the name of Slora-Kopparberg, or the
government of Falilun, and contains 1300 square
miles, and 124,806 inhabitants. The chief wealth
of Dalecarlia lies in its mines, particulai'ly those
of copper, the chief of which are at Fahlun and
Afvestad.
Dalen, t. Prussian states, 12 m. S. E. Ruremond.
Lon. 6° 12' E. Lat. 51° 6' N.
Dalen, t. Saxony, 27 m. E. Leipsic.
Dalenburg, t. Hanover, 16 m. E. S. E. Zell.
JDalheith, t. Scotland, 6 m. S. E. Edinburgh.
Pop. 4,709.
Dalla, isl. and district, in tlie Delta of the Irra-
wuddy river.
Dallas, CO. Alabama, on both sides of Alabama
river, at the junction of the Cahawba.
Datmachery, t. India, in Mysoi'e. Lon. 79° 5'
E. Lat. 13° 43' N.
Dalmatia, a country, in the S. of Europe, ox-
tending along the E. side of the Adriatic, between
42° and 44° 30' N. lat. ; and bounded N. by Croa-
tia, and E. by ^^UI■key. It is partly continental
and partiv insubr, llie continental portion is
27
divided into the circles of Zara, Spalatro, and
Macarsca. The principal islands are Brazza, Le-
sina, Corzola, and Melada. Zara is the seat of
government ; the other towns of note are Spalatro,
Sebenico, Knin, Trau, Narenta, and Almissa,
The whole contains about 6,700 sq. miles, with
343,000 inhabitants. It abounds with excellent
harbors, but very little use has hitherto been
made of them. The forests on the mountains are
of great extent. The chief products of Dalma-
tia are maize, wheat, grapes, and olives. The
inhabitants of the maritime towns are chiefly
Catholics, and resemble the Italians in language
and manners; but the inhabitants of the upper
country are Morlachians, and have all the indo-
lence of a half civilized nation. This country
now belongs to Austria.
Dalmatia, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa.
Dalmanutha, in Sac. Geog. town or village, on
the south side of the sea of Gennesareth, and be-
yond Jordan. It was near Magdala, and seems
to have belonged to it.
Dalri/mple port, one of the 4 principal ports in
the island of Van Diemen's land. It is on the N.
coast, at the mouth of the Tamar, which falls into
Bass's straits. There is a British settlement here,
which contained, in 1818, 753 inhabitants, of
whom 336 were convicts. The port is a rendez-
vous for the seal fishery in Bass's straits, ^a
Dalri/mple'' s Point, cape, in the island or*E)om-
inic-a, 2 m. S. Charlotte's Town.
Dalton, t. Eng. 38 m. N. Lancaster.
Dalton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, ^ m. fr. Hudders.-
field.
Dalton, p-t. Coos co. N. H. on Connecticut riv-
er, at the 15 mile falls, 8 m. S. Lancaster. Pop.
235.
Dalton, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 12 m. N. N. E.
Lenox, 130 W. Boston. Pop. 779.
Dam, or Jfeuendam, t. New Mark of Branden-
burg, 20 ra. S. E. Konigsberg.
Damac^ t. and fort, Java, 15 m. fr. Samarang.
Damala, v. on the east coast of the Morea, near
the site of the ancient Trcezene, 40 m. S. E. Napoli
di Romagna.
Damala, Cape. SeeSkillo, Cape,
Damanhur, t. Lower Egypt, on a canal, be-
tween the Nile and lake Mareotis, 34 m. E. S. E,.
Alexandria.
Damar, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 56 m. N. Sana,
94 N. E. Mocha. Lon. 44° 12' E. Lat. 14°
32' N.
Damaran, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 119^^
50' E. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Damariscotta, r. Lincoln co. Maine, rises in a
large pond, and flows into the sea, between the
towns of Boothbay and Bristol. It is navigable 15
miles, and communicates, at its moutli, with
Townsend harbor or Booth bay.
Damascus, a pachalic or government of Asiatic
Turkey, comprehending nearly the whole eastern
part of Syria. The soil and productions are ex-
tremely diversified. The banks of the river
Orontes, and the plains of the Hauran, are the
most fertile portions. All the mountains are ap-
propriated to olive, mulberry, and other fruit
trees. From the vines, wine is made by the
Greeks, and raisins by the Mahometans. The
population consists of Mahometans, Christians,
Jews, and wandering tribes from the deserts. It
carries on various manufactures, and a considera-
ble trade.
Damancns. a rity of Syria., the oapitnl of a pn -
210
D A M
DAN
chalic of the same name, situated in a fertile
plain, amidst extensive gai-dens, forming a circuit
of between 25 and 30 miles. The Arabs speak of
itwith enthusiasm, and think they can never suffi-
ciently extol the freshness and verdure of its or-
chards, and the abundance and variety of its
fruits. No city contains so many canals and foun-
tains ; each house has one, and all these waters
are furnished by three rivulets, or branches of the
river Barrady, which, after fertilizing the gar-
dens for a course of three leagues, flows into a
hollow of the desert to the S. E. and foi-ms a mor-
ass called " Behairat-el-Merdi," or the lake of
the Meadow. The city is said to contain 2,000
mosques, and 200,000 inhabitants, of whom 20,000
are Catholics, 5,000 Schismatics, 5,000 Jews, and
the rest JVIaliometans. This city is the seat of ex-
tensive trade and manufactures. It was formerly
celebrated for the manufacture of sabres of such
peculiar quality, as to be perfectly elastic ; they
never broke, and iron would yield under their
edge. The manufacturers of arms are still nu-
merous. Tliere are also extensive manufactures
in silk and cotton stufis. Commerce is carried on
chiefly by caravans, of which the principal is that
to Mecca. Three caravans, each accompanied
by above 2,500 armed men, go thrice a year to
Bagdad, the journey occupying 30 days ; those to
Alepop travel twice or thrice a month ; besides
whicr^ there are many to different parts of Syria,
Damascus being the rendezvous of a multitude of
pilgrims from all quarters, so as to resemble an
immense fair. Provisions of all kinds are abun-
dant. 136 m. N. Jerusalem, 195 S. Antioch, 276
a. S. W. Diai-bekir. Lon. 36° 30' E. Lat. 33°
30' N.
Damascus, t. Wayne co. Pa. on Delaware river,
18 m. N. W, Bethany. Pop. 391.
Damascus, p-v, Montgomery co. Md.
Damaun, s-p. on the W. coast of India, in Au-
rungabad. Lon. 73° 1' E. Lat. 20° 22' IN.
Damazen, t. France, 17 m. S. by E. Mar-
mande.
Dambach, t. France, 18 m. S. S. W. Strasburg.
Dambach. See Tambach.
Damery, t. France, 4 m. W, Epernay.
Daviqan, t. Persia, in Khorassan. Lon. 53° 36'
E. Lat! 35° 50' N.
Damgarten, t. Pomerania, 22 m. S. W. Str;i.l-
sund.
Damicotta, t. Hind. 30 m. N. Coimbetoor.
Damielta, city, Lower Egypt, on theE. branch
of the Nile, 6 miles from the sea. It is on a nar-
row neck of land, from 2 to 6 miles broad, be-
tween the Nile and lake Menzaleh. The houses
are built in a crescent along the bank of the river.
The walls, formerly so strong, are now in ruins.
It has no harbor, and vessels are obliged to lie in
the road at the mouth of the river, where they
are exposed to all winds. The commerce of Da-
mietta is, notwithstanding, very considerable, es-
pecially with Syria, Cyprus, and other parts of
the Turkish empire. It exports hides, tallow,
nee, and occasionally corn; and imports tobacco,
■wood, soap, cotton, oil, and raw silk. The coun-
try round Damietta is perhaps the most fertile in
Egypt. This city is threatened by a serious dan-
ger from the gradual encroachments of lake Men-
zaleh towards the river, by which the space be-
tween these two waters is gradually diminished.
Another apprehension is, that this branch of the
Nile, whirfi is annually becomiug shallower, will
cease in a few years to be navigable for boats of
large burden. Pop. 30,000 or 40,000. Lon. 31*=
49'45"E. Lat. 31° 25' N.
Damm, Alt, fortified t. Farther Pomerania^ T
m. E. S. E. Stettin, 11 N. W. Stargard.
Dammariin, t. France, 25 m. N. E. Paris.
Damme, fortified t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. N. E.
Bruges.
Davime, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 128° 36
E. Lat. 7° 20' S.
Dammische See, a large, navigable lake of the
Prussian States, in Farther Pomerania, which is
properly an expansion of the Oder. It receive-"
likewise the waters of the Isna and the Plone ; i?
about 9 miles long, and from 2i to 3 broad.
Damour, (an. Tanagnis,) r. Syria, runs into
the Mediterranean, between Saide and Bairout.
Dampier's Bai/, or Shark's Bay, a spacious bay
on the W. coast of New Holland, penetrating 150
miles into the land.
Damjricr''s Strait, channel from the Eastern In-
dian sea to the Pacific ocean, between the island*
of Waygiou and Battanta.
Dan, in Sac. Geog. a city of Palestine, on its
extreme northern border, near the source of the
Jordan, at the foot of mount Libanus. At first, it
was called Laish, and then Dq.n, from the Danites
who took possession of it ; afterwards it was en-
larged and ornamented by Philip, and called C'a-
sarea Philippi.
Dan, r. rises on the borders of N. Carolina and
Virginia, and flowing through a fertile country,
unites with Staunton river, to form the Roanoke.
It is navigable to Danville, where there are falls
of 22 or 23 feet perpendicular ; but by the im-
provements which are contemplated, its naviga-
tion will be extended 100 miles from its mouth.
Dana, t. Worcester co, Mass. 32 m. N. W. Wor-
cester, 70 m. W. Boston. Pop. 625.
Danhury, t. Grafton co, N. H. 25- m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 345.
Danbury, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 33 m. W. N. W.
New Haven, 54 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 3,606. The
courts of the county are held alternately here and
at Fairfield. The village contains a court-house,
an academy, and 2 churches. Manufactures are
carried on here, particularly of hats. In 1777,
the town, with a large quantity of military stores,
was burnt by the British.
Danbury, t. Huron co. Ohio, comprises the pe-
ninsula between Portage river and Sandusky bay.
It is about 20 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide, and ter-
minates in Point Prospect. A custom-house is
kept at Bull island, on the southern shore of the
peninsula, near the point.
Dauby, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. fr. Whitby.
Danby, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 m. W. Windsor.
Pop. 1,730.
Danby, p-t. Tioga co. N, Y. 8 m. N. Spencer.
Danculi, an extensive territory of E. Africa, •
between Abyssinia and the Red sea, the coast ot
which it occupies fi'om the bay of Azab to Annes-
ley bay.
Dancey'' s store, p-v. Nortliampton co. N. C.
Dandridge, p-t. and cap. Jeflerson co. Ten. on
French Broad river, 33 m. E. Knoxville.
Dane, r. Eng. falls into the Wever, at North-
wich.
Dane's Island, near the N. W. coast of Spitz-
bergen. Lon. 9° 15' E. Lat. 79° 43' N.
Duneicick. See Sleswick.
Daiiguta. See Dongola.
DAN
D A R
;ii
I}angeau, t. France, 9 m. N. N. E. ChateaucUm.
Danger Islands, in the Pacific ocean, seen by
Commodore Biron in June 1765.
Dangilon. See Chapelle d\4ngiUon.
Danhobn, small isl. of the Prussian States, be-
tween Stralsund and the isle of Rugen.
DanielsvUtc, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Va.
Danielsville, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Geo. 90
m. from Millecfg^eville.
Dannemora, the most celebrated iron mine in
Sweden, 30 m. N. Upsal, 60 N. N. W. Stockholm.
Dannenberg, t. Hanover, on the Jetzel, 36 m.
E. S. E. Lunebur^.
Danrmwilz, t. xMoravia, 25 m. S. Brunn.
Dantzic, an opulent commercial city of West
Prussia, on the left bank of the Vistula, 5 m. from
its mouth. It is surrounded with ramparts, and
has the power of laying the country on one side
under water. The harbour is formed by the
mouth of the \'istula ; and the cargoes of vessels
drawing more than eight feet water are conveyed
to the city in barks. What is properly called the
gulfof Dantzic, consists of an arm of the sea, shel-
tered from the north winds by the tongue of land
on which stands the small town of Hela. The
chief branch of trade at Dantzic, consists in
corn from Prussia and Poland. The principal ex-
ports are potash, hemp, flax, linen, timber, and
amber. The shipping that frequent the port, be-
longs principally to the British, Dutch, Danes, and
Swedes. Among the public buildings are the cathe-
dral, the town-house, the arsenal, and 21 church-
es, 12 belonging to Lutherans, 7 to Catholics, and
2 to Calvinists. Pop. 44,500. G8 m. W. S. W^
Konigsberg, 235 N. E. Berlin. Lon. 18'^ 38' 32"
E. Lat. 54° 20' 48" N.
Danube, a great river of Europe, which rises in
the grand duchy of Baden, near the S. W. corner
of Germany.and running east throughWirtemberg,
Bavaria, and Austria, enters Hungary, where it
turns to the south, and then to the southeast, till
entering Turkey it resumes its easterly course,
and discharges itself into the Black sea by five
mouths, between 44° 30' and 45° 30' of N. lat.
The length of its course is about 1,800 miles. Its
principal branches from the north, are the Pruth,
the Sereth, the Tisza, and the Morava ; from the
south, the Save, the Drave, the Inn and the Iser.
The principal towns on its banks are Ulm, Ingol-
stadt, Passan, Lintz, Vienna, Presburg, Pest, Pu-
da, Belgrade and Izmail. It becomes navigable at
Ulm.
Danube, Circle of the Upper, one of the divisions
of the kingdom of Bavaria. It contains 4,350
square miles, with 470,000 inhabitants, mostly
Catholics. The capital is Eichstadt.
Danube, Circle of the Lower, one of the circles
of Bavaria. It contains 4,335 square miles, and
396,150 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. Passau is
the capital.
Danube, Circle of the, one of the divisions of the
grand duchy of Baden. It contains 72,735 inhab-
itants. The capital is Villingen.
Danube, District of, one of the four great divis-
ions of the kingdom of Wirtemberg.
Damibe, p-v. in Herkimer co. N. Y.
Dancers, p-t. Essex co. Mass. adjoining Salem,
15 m. N. E. Boston. Pop. 3,127. It contains 2
meeting-houses for Congregational ists and 1 for
Baptists. The most considerable and compact
settlement is a continuation of the principal street
of Salem. Large quantities of bricks, earthen
ware, and leather are manufactui'ed here. In the
village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly riv-
er, there is a large iron manufactory, and the bu-
siness of ship-building is carried on.
Danville, p-t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt. 25 m
N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 2,240.
Danville, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. 35 m. N. W.
Bath. Pop. 666.
Danville, p-t. and cap. Columbia ca Pa. on the
Susquehannah, at the mouth of Mahoning creek,
12 m. above Northumberland.
Da?iville, p-t. Pittsylvania co. Va. on Dan river,
near the southern boundary of the State, 150 m. S,
W. Richmond. Lon. 79° 25' W. Lat. 36° 34' N.
It is pleasantly situated at the falls of Dan river,
130 miles above the great falls of the Roanoke. A,
canal is now in progress, around the falls of the
Roanoke, which will open a direct water commu-
nication for batteaux from Danville to Norfolk ;
and another canal is completed around the falls of
the Dan, which, with the removal of a few other
obstructions, will continue the navigation for some
distance above the town. These improvements,
together witii the advantages which the falls afford
for mills and manufacturing establishments, have
made Danville a place of considerable conse-
quence, and it bids fair to become the great upland
depot, for an extensive and fertile country, em-
bracing the adjacent districts of N. Carolina and
Virginia, and part of 'I'ennessee.
Danville, p-t. and cap. Mercer co. Ken. on the
S. W. side of Dick's river, 40 m. S. by W. Frank-
fort, 33 S. S. W. Lexington. Lat. 37° 30' N. It
has about 200 houses, a court-house and jail, and a
church. Several mills and factories arc erected
here. It is in the vicinity of the most fertile and
populous part of Kentucky. A cliarter for a
college at this place has been granted by the Le-
gislature, but tlie institution has not yet gone into
operation.
Danville, t. Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. N. E. Mount-
vernon,
Dao, isl. in the Eastern sea, near 'I'imor.
Daoudnagur, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 84° 27'
E. Lat. 25° 6' N.
Daoudpore, t. Bengal, 6 m. N. Plassey.
Dar, V. A. Turkey, 30 m. from Bassorah.
Darabjirb, t. Persia, in Kerman, 150 m. N. E.
Schiras. Lon. 54° 15' E. Lat. 29° N.
Darah, country, N. Africa, watered by Darah
river. It is bounded N. and W. by the Great At-
las, which divides it from Morocco, E. by Tafilet,
and S. by the great desert.
Daramnjore, t. Java, 30 m. E. Batavia.
Daranairvr, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Ganges,
Lon. 78° 4' E. Lat. 29' 16' N.
Daraporam, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 132 m. S,
E. SeringaDatam. Lon. 77° 40' E. Lat. 10° 45' N.
Darby, Lower, p-t. Delaware co. Pa. on Darby
creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. S. W.
by W^ Philadelphia. Pop. ^085.
Darby, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. adjoining
Darby, Lower. Pop. 966.
Darbv, t. Madison co. Ohio, N. E. London.
Darliy, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 14m.N. W, Cir-
cleville.
Darby, cape on the W. coast of N. America.
Lon. lfi;3° W. Lat. 64° 21' N.
Darby's creek; Ohio, joins the Scioto, opposite
Circleville.
Dardanelles, two old castles, one on each side of
the Hellespont, (sometimes called the strait of the
Dardanelles,) between the sea of Marmora and the
Grecian arcliipelago. There are, on each side, 14
212
D A R
DAS
great gfims, adapted to discharge granite balib ;
they are of brass, with chambers, like mortars, 22
feet long, and from 25 to 28 inches diameter in the
bore. There are 2 other castles at the entrance
of the strait, 10 miles to the S. W. called the Mw
Dardanelles.
Dardanelles, a place in the township of Cadron,
Arkansaw Territory, where the Agent of the
Cherokee Indians resides.
Dardenney p-t. St. Charles co. Missouri.
Dardessen, t. Prussian States, 18 m. S. E. Bruns-
wick.
Darempoory, t. Hind. 103 m. S. E. Seringapa-
tam.
Darent, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames, 3
m. N. Dartford.
Darfur, or Darfoor, a kingdom of Central Afri-
ca, bounded on the E. by Kordofan, and the coun-
tiy of the Shilluks, which separate it from Sennaar
and Abyssinia ; on the W. by Bergoo, which di-
vides it from Begherme and Bornou ; on the S. by
unknown regions. The government is despotic.
The religion is Mahomedanism. The principal
commerce is with Egypt, and is carried on en-
tirely by caravans. The exports are slaves,
camels, ivory, the horns, teeth, and hide of the
rhinoceros and hippopotamus ; ostrich feathers,
gum,, and pimento. The imports are glass, arms,
light cloths, red Barbary caps, small carpets, silks,
shoes, and writing paper. Pop. estimated at
200,000.
Dargel, r. Ireland, which runs into St. George's
channel, 9 m. S. S. E. Dublin.
Darghesin, t. Persia, in the Irak, ^ m. N. N. E.
Hamadan.
Darien, a province of New Grenada, bounded
N. W. by Panama, N. E. by the gulf of Darien, E.
by Carthagena, S. by Choco, and W. by the Pa-
cific.
Darien, Isthmus of, that narrow neck of land
composed of the provinces of Darien and Panama,
to which may be added Veragua, by which North
and South America are joined together. It lies in
the form of a crescent, about the great bay of Pa-
nama, in the South sea, and is 300 miles in length,
but is only 37 miles broad from Porto Bello to Pa-
nama. The countrj' is made up of low sickly val-
lies and lofty mountains.
Darien, a great gulf on the coast of the prov-
ince of Darien. Its extent is 26 leagues from
S. to N. and 9 from E. to W.
Darien, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island
Sound, formerly the S. E. part of Stamford.
Darien, p-t. and s-p, Macintosh co. Geo. on the
north and principal channel of the Alatamaha, 12
miles from the bar, 192 below Milledgeville on the
Oconee, 62 S. S. W. Savannah, 70 N. N. E. St.
Mary's. Lon. 81° 37' W. Lat. 31° 23' N. The
town stands on a high sandy bluff, and contains a
Presbyterian church,^^ bank, and a printing press.
Owing to the rapid settlement of the back coun-
try, Darien has ri.-en within a few years to a place
of much importance. In 1810, there were only
206 inhabitants ; but in 1819, the number was be-
tween 1 and 2.000. In 1818, 40 houses Avere er-
ected duringS months, some of which are large and
elegant ; a bank was established with a capital of
$150,000, and a steam-boat navigation opened
with Milledgeville. The bar at the mouth of the
viver has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are
making to remove the obstructions in the naviga-
tion, and to render Darien the place of foreign ex-
port for the produce of the rich counlry between
Oconee and Oakmulgee rivers.
Dark, co. Ohio, bordering on Indiana. Chief
town, Greenville. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Darkehnen, t. Prussia, 63 m. S. E- Konigs-
berg.
Darking. See Dorking.
Darlaslon, t. Eng. in Stafford, 7 m. from New-
castle-under-Line. Pop. 4,881.
Darley, t. Eng. 21 m. N. Derby.
Darlings, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. E. Mount-
Vernon.
Darlington, t. Eng. in Durham, on the Skern.
Considerable manufactures are carried on in lin-
en, wool, and cotton. Pop. 5,059. 18 m. S. Dur-
ham, 238 N. London. Lon. 1° 35' W. Lat. 54°
38' N.
Darlington, district, S. C. on Lynch's creek.
Pop. 9,047. Slaves, 2,731. At the court-house a
post-office is kept.
Darlington, t. and cap. Warwick co. Indiana, on
the Ohio.
Darmstadt, t. Germany, cap. of the grand duchy
of Hesse, 14 m. S. Frankfort on the Maine, 18 S.
E. Mentz. Lon. 8° 43' 49" E. Lat. 49° 53' 37" N.
Pop. 18,000.
Dames, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Dametal, t. France, 2 m. E. Rouen. Pop.
5,100.
Darnley^s Island, in Torres strait, betv/eenNew
Holland and New Guinea. Lon. 142° 59' 15" E.
Lat. 9° 39' 30" S.
Daroea, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Xiloca,45
m. S. S. W. Saragossa. Pop. 2,860. Lon. 1° 24'
W. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Darsena, t, Persia, 80 m. E. N. E. Kerman.
Dart, r. Eng. wliich falls into the English chan-
nel between Dartmouth and King's Weare.
Dartford, t. Eng. in Kent, 15 m. E. London.
Pop. 3,177.
Dartmoor, an extensive tract of land in England,
in the western part of Devonshire.
Dartmouth, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, near the
confluence of the Dart with the British channel.
It has a good harbour. The chief occupation of
the inhabitants is in the Newfoundland and oth-
er fisheries, wherein about 350 vessels are enga-
ged. Pop. 3,595. 30 m. S. Exeter. Lon. 3° 35'
W. Lat. 50° 17' N.
Dartmouth College. See Hanover.
Dartmouth, p-t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. on
Buzzard's bay, 27 m. S. Taunton, 62 S. Boston.
Pop. 3,219.
Daru, t. Persia, 96 m. N. E. Kerman.
Daruvar, t. Sclavonia. Pop. 3,000. Lon. \1°
25' 55" E. Lat. 45° 36' 51" N.
Darvilles, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va.
Durwar, district, Hind, in Aurungabad. Dar-
war, the capital, is in lon. 76° 35' E. lat. 18°
40' N.
Darwar, t. and fortress. Hind, in Bejapore.
lately ceded to the British. Lon. 75° E, Lat. 15°
36' N.
Darwen, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2m.from Black-
burn. Pop. 6,216.
Darwent. See Derwent.
Dasan, isl. in the E. India sea. Lon. 121° 30'
E. Lat. 6° 46' N.
Daschitz, t. Bohemia, 7 m. N. N. E. Chrudim.
Dashour, t. Egypt, 15 m. S. Cairo.
Dassel, t. Hanover, 15 m. N. N. W. Gottingen.
D A U
Dassow or Daschow, t. Mecklenberg, 17 m. W.
Wismar. Lon. 11° 5' E. Lat. 55° 55' N.
Datliboo, t. Bambarra, in Africa, 100 m. E. Segc.
Datpach, t. Arabia, 16 m. N. E. Mediua.
Datschutz, t. Moravia, on the Theya, 24 ui. S.
Iglau. Lon. 15° 21' E. Lat. 49° 3' N.
Davanagiri, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 2'
£. Lat. 14° 24' N.
Dauba, t. Bohemia, 16 m. W. N. W. Jung
Buntzlau.
Davenport^ t. Delaware co. N. Y.
Davenlry, t. Eng. in Northamptoiishire, 19 m.
S. E. Coventry. Pop. 2,758.
David Point, cape on N. coast of the isl. of Gre-
Tiada. Lon. 61° 23' W. Lat. 12° 20' N.
Davidov, t. Russia, in Minsk, 60 m. E. Pinsk.
Pop. 2,300.
Daridoim, lake, Asiatic Russia, in Tobolsk, 208
m. N. N. E. Turuchansk.
Davidova, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Kirenga,
60 m. S. Kirensk.
Davidson, co. W. Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. Pop. 15,608. Slaves, 6,305. Chief town,
Nashville.
Davidson, p-t. and cap. Lawrence district, Ar-
kansaw Territory.
Davidstoivn, t. Hunterdon co, N. J. on Assan-
pink river, 10 m. from Trenton. Between those
towns there is a boat navigation.
Davies, co. Ken. Chief town, Owensborough.
Davies, co. Indiana, between the forks of White
river. Chief town, Washington.
Daris''s, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Davishurg, t. Christian co. Ken.
Davis^ store, p-v. Rapid co. Louisiana.
Davis'' s cove, harbour on the W. coast of Ja-
maica, 2 m. N. Green island harbour.
Davis'' s Met, on the E. coast of Labrador, in
lon. 60° 10' W. Lat, 56° 20' N.
Davis''s Island, one of the Philippine islands.
Lon. 123° 58' E. Lat. 9° 42' N.
Davis^s Straits, a narrow sea, which divides
Greenland, from N. America, extending N. W.
from Cape Farwell, in lat. 68° N. to Baffin's bay.
An extensive whale fishery is carried on here.
Davis'' tavern, p-v. Sussex co. Va.
DavLson Point, on the W. coast of N. America.
Lat. 55° N.
Davistown, Maine. See Montrille.
Daulakee, v. Persia, in Pars, 30 m. N. E. Bu-
dhire.
Daule, r. S. America, which falls into the Guay-
aquil, in lat. 2° 8' S.
Daumat al Gendal, or Duma, t. Arabia, in Neds-
jed, 260 m. E. N. E. Madian.
Daun, t. Germany, 28 m. N. N. E. Treves.
Davos, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Grisons,
60 m. S. E. Zurich.
Dauphin. See Chauteau Dauphin.
Dauphin Fort, s-p. in the N. part of St. Domin-
go. Lat. 19° 41' N. Lon. 72° 40' W.
Dauphin, r. N. America, which runs into lake
Winnipic, in lat. 52" 15' N.
Dauphin, co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susque-
hannah, bounded N. by Northumberland, E. by
Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W.
by the Susquehannah, which separates it from
Cumberland. Pop. 31,883. Chief town, Harris-
burg.
Dauphin, isl. on the coast of Alabama, at the
mouth of Mobile bay, 5 m. from Massacre island.
On the E. end are the remains of an old Frencli
fort. Lon. 88° 7' W.^at. 30° 10' N-
D E A
213
Dauphinc, before the revolution, a province in
the ft. E. part of France, now divided into the de-
partments of Isere, Drome, and Upper Alps, and
containing 6,700 square miles, and 849,795 in-
habitants. A large proportion of the country is
moimtainous and unfit for tillage, but the pasture
is good in many parts.
Daura, a country of Central Africa, between
Cashna and Bornou .
Dausar, t. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, 30 m.
S. W. Racca.
Dausenau, t. Germany, 10 m. E.S. E. Coblentz.
Daufuskee, island on the coast of S. C. at the
entrance of Savannah river.
Dawley, t. Eng. in Shropshire, 3 m. S. E. Wel-
lington. Pop. 3,208.
Dau'lish, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. N. Teign-
mouth.
Dawnagur, t. Hind. 40 m. N. W. Cuttack.
Dax, t. France, on the Adour, 85 m. S. S. W.
Bonrdeaux, 25 N. E. Bayonne. Pop. 4,400.
Daya, t. Sumatra, 30 m. S. Acheen.
Daymar, t. Arabia, 220 m. S. Mascat.
Dayton, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, on
the Miami, j ust below the junction of Mad river,
52 m. N. Cincinnati, 66 W. Columbus, 40 S. E.
Urbanna. The public buildings are, a court-
house and jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians and 1 for Methodists, a bank and an
academy. Mad river affords uncommon advan-
tages for water works, and numerous mills are
erected upon it.
Dead river, Maine, the W^estern branch of the
Kennebec. It rises in the highlands which sepa-
rate Maine from Canada, and joins the Eastern
branch about 20 miles from Mooseliead Lake.
Dead river, N. H. runs into the Margallaway.
Dead Sea, or Asplialtites, that is, the Lake of Bi-
tumen, a lake of Palestine, 180 m. in circuit. It
is bounded on the E. by lofty hills, and on the N.
by the plain of Jericho, through which it receives
the river Jordan. The water is clear and limpid,
and of greater specific gravity than any hithei'-
to discovered. It holds in solution, muriate of
magnesia, muriate of lime, and muriate of soda.
Mines of fossil salt are found tn the neighbour-
hood. Many absurd fables were formerly circu-
culated respecting the Dead sea. It was affirmed
that fish could not live in the water, and that the
pestiferous vapours hovering over it were fatal to
birds attempting to fly across ; but these stories are
contradicted by recent travellers. Great quan-
tities of asphaltum, or mineral pitch, are always
seen floating on the surface of the Dead sea. Five
cities, including Sodom and Gomorrah, situated
on this spot, were all swallowed up, according to
scripture, for their unparalleled iniquity. Many
ruins remain on the western banks ; and travel-
lers have tliought that foundations might be dis-
covered in the bottom at seasons when the waters
were low.
Deadman's Head, or Point, cape, Eng. in the
English channel. Lon. 4° 48' W. Lat. 50° 30' N.
Deal, t. Eng. on tlxe coast of Kent, between the
North and South Forelands. It has no harbour ;
but the sea between the shore and the Godwin
sands, called the Downs, affords in most cases a
secure road for shipping. At this place ships usu-
ally stop, either when homeward or outward
bound, to send letters or passengers ashore, to
take in provisions, or wait for orders. The defence
of this part of the coast depends chiefly on the
batteries and martello towers which have been
214
DEC
DEE
recently erected, and completely command the
. access to the shore. Pop. 3,420. 73 m. S. E.
Loudon.
Deal, V. Monmouth co. N. J, 7 m. S. Shrews-
bury.
Dean, forest, Eng. in Gloucestershire, between
the river Severn, and the county of Monmouth,
which once occupied 30,000 acres.
Deane., Great y ov Michel Dean^ t. Eng. 12 m. W.
Gloucester.
Dearborn, p-t. Kennebct; co. Maine, 22 m. N.
Augusta.-
Dearborn, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. in
1815, 4,426. Chief town, Lawrenceburg.
Dearborn, co. Illinois. Chief town, Rising-
sun.
Dearborn!' s river, Missouri Territory, runs into
the Missouri, above the falls, near the Rocky
mountains.
Death-grounds and Death Lake. See Fox river,
N. W. Territory.
Debalpore, district. Hind, in Moultan, about 31°
N. lat. ; intersected by the rivers Bey ah and Sut-
teledge.
Debellus. See Zagora.
Debefn, r. Eng. runs into the sea, at Harwich.
Debenham, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 12 m. N. Ips-
wich.
Debretsin, or Derbecyn, t. Hungary, in Behar
CO. Here is a celebrated academy, which has a
library of 20,000 volumes, and 550 students. Pop.
in 1815, 38,962; the greater number are native
Hungarians, but the richer merchants are Ger-
mans. 165 m. E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 21° 37' 10"
E. Lat. 47° 31' 40" N.
Decapolis, in Sac. Geog. a country of the tribe
of Manasseh, lying beyond the Jordan, and com-
prising ten cities, beside small towns. It was in-
habited chiefly by Pagans, when the Jews return-
ed from Babylon. Writers are not agreed in the
enumeration of all the 10 cities, but Capernaum,
Caesarea Philippi, Bethsaida, and Scythopolis are
allowed to have been among them.
Decatur, t. Otsego co. M. Y. 12 ra. S. E. Coop-
erstown. Pop. 902.
Decatur, p-t. B^wn co. Ohio, 9 m. W. West-
union. In 1818, it contained about 30 houses.
Deccan, or The Coimtri/ of the South, an exten-
sive region of India, bounded N. by the Nerbud-
dah, and S. by the Krishna, or Kistnah river, ex-
tending across the peninsula from sea to sea. —
During the reign of the Great Mogul Aurungzebe,
that is, during the latter half of the 17th century,
this country was annexed to the kingdom of Delhi,
and divided into six governments, viz. Khandesh,
Ahmednagur, Beeder, Golconda, Bejapore, and
Berar.
Dc.ccancole, or Deccanparah, the division of the
kingdom of Assam, S. of the Brahmapootra river.
Deccan Shabazpore, isl. at the E. mouth of the
Ganges. Lon. 98° 58' E. Lat. 22° 30' N.
Deception Bay, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 46° 10' N.
Deception Passage, channel, between the N. W.
coast of America and Whidbey's island. Lat.
48° 10' N.
Deche, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash from
the N. E. 8 m. below Vincennes.
Decision, Cope, on an island, on the N. W^.
coast of America. Lat. 56° 2' N.
Decize, t. France, in Nievre, on an island at
the confluence of the Airon and the Loire, 15 m.
E. Nevers.
Deckendorf, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 28 m.
N. W. Passau, 38 E. S. E. Ratisbon. Lon. 12°
68' 38" E. Lat. 48° 49' 45" N.
Dcckerstown, p-t. Sussex co. N. J.
Deckla, i, India, in Canara. Lon. 75° 6' E. Lat.
12° 26' N.
Deddington, t. Eng. 17 m. N. Oxford.
Dedham, t. Eng. in Essex, on tiie Stow, 7 m. IS.
N. E. Colchester.
Dedham, p-t. and cap. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m.
S. VV. Boston, 30 N. N. E. Providence. Lon. 71°
12" W. Lat. 42° 16' N. Pop. 2,172. It contains
a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6
houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists,
1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The town
is watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which
afford numerous seats for mills and manufacturing
establishments.
Dedinovo, v. Russia, near the city of Moscow,
on the Oka.
Dee, r. Wales, which flows into the Irish sea, 15
m. below Chester,
Dee, r. Scotland, which runs into the German
ocean at the town of Aberdeen, It abounds in
salmon, affording some of the most valuable fishe-
ries in Scotland.
Dee, r. Scotland, which flows into the Solway
frith, 6 m. below Kirkcudbright.
Dee, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea, 4 m. N.
E. Dunleer.
Deeg, t. and fort. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77° 17'
E. Lat. 27° 30' N.
Deenkote, t. and fort, Hind, in Lahore, on the F«.
side of the Sinde, 32 m. S. Attock. Lon. 71° E.
Lat. 32° 38' N.
Deep creek, p-v. Pasquotank co. N. C.
Deep river, N. C. rises in Wachovia, and unites
with the Haw, to form the N. W. branch of Cape-
Fear river.
Deep Sea Bluff, cape, on tlie N. W. coast of
America, in Broughton's archipelago. Lon. 233°
29' E. Lat. 50° 52^ N.
Deeping, t. Eng. 8 m. N. Peterborough.
Deer, v. Scotland, 26 m. N. Aberdeen.
Deer, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pojx 674.
Deer creek, Jf. Y. See Denmark.
Deer creek, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from the-
W. 7 m. N. ChiUicothe.
Deer creek, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. W, Cir-
cleville.
Deer creek, t. Madison cc. Ohio.
Deerjield, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 17 m. S. E
Concord, 35 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,851.
Deerjield, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. on the west
side of Connecticut river, 4 m. S. Greenfield, 17
N. Northampton, 92 W. Boston. Pop. 1,570. It
contains a handsome village, with a church and
an academy, and is in a very fertile country.
Deerfield, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk,
opposite Utica. Pop. 1,232.
Deerjield, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop.
1,889.
Deerfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E.
Ravenna.
Deerfield, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. ChiUi-
cothe. Pop. in 1819, 970.
Deerfield, t. Warren co. Ohio.
Deerjield, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Deerjield river, rises in Bennington co. Vt. and
flows into Connecticut river, between Deei:field
and Greenfield, in Massachusetts.
Deering, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 18 m. S:
W. Concord. Pop. 1,363.
DEL
DEL
215
Deer isle, isl. and t. Hancock co. Maine, on the
E. side of Penobscot bay, 9 m. S. E. Castine.
Pop. 1,507.
Deer park, p-t. Orangfe co. N. Y. on Delaware
river, 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. Newburg,
125 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,230.
Defiance. See Fort Dejiance.
DegUgi, t Ceylon, 16 m. E. S. E. Candy.
D'ego, t. Piedmont, on tlie Bormida, 15 m. S. S.
W. Acqui.
Degombah, kingdom, of Central Africa, on the
N. side of the mountains of Kong.
Dehasp, r. Great Bukhai'ia, runs into the Jihon,
30 m. N. W. Balk.
Dehr, t. Nubia, 130 m. S, S. W. Syene.
Dehrung, district, Assam, about 30 miles square,
on the N. of the Brahmapootra river.
Deidtsheim, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. W. Spire.
Deinach, v. Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest,
3 m. S. S. W. Kalw.
Deir, V. A. Turkey, in Bagdad, on the Eu-
phrates.
Deir, cl, or Taphsac, (an. Thapsacus,) t. Syria,
on the Euphrates, 55 m. S. E. Racca, 140 E.
Aleppo. Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 35° 18' N.
Deir Ettiin, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 2 m. above
Cairo.
Dekalb, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the Os-
wegatchie, 20 m. fr. its junction with the St. Law-
rence. Pop. 541. There is a good boat naviga-
tion to the mouth of the river.
Dekki, V. Nubia, on the Nile, 60 m. S. Syene.
De la Fuuche Bay, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 52° 39' N.
Delagoa Bay, called also the Bay of Lorenzo
Marques, is on the E. coast of Africa, between
26° and 27° S. lat. Three large rivers fall into
the bay, one of whicli, called the Mafumo, or De-
lagoa, is navigable 40 miles for vessels drawing
12 feet water, and large boats may go up 200
miles. Gold dust is found here, and elephant's
teeth.
Delatin, t. Austrian Galicia, 24 m, S. Stanisla-
wow.
Delaware, co. N. Y. on Delaware river, bound-
ed N. by Otseg-o, E. by Schoharie and Greene, S.
by Ulster and Sullivan, and W. by Broome and
Chenango, and Delaware river which separates
it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 20,313. Chief town,
Delhi.
Delaware, co. in the S. E. part of Pa. on Dela-
ware river. Pop. 14,734. Chief town, Ches-
ter.
Delaware, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 472.
Delaware, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 218.
Delaware Bay, a spacious bay of the U. S. be-
tween the slates of Delaware and New Jersey.
Its entrance is 20 miles wide, between Cape May
in lat. 38° 56' N. and Cape Heulopen in lat. 38°
47'. It is 65 miles long from Fisher's point to
Cape Heulopen, and in &e broadest part 30 miles
wide.
Delaware River, U. S. rises in N. Y. in the
Catskill mountains. In its course, it resembles
the letter W. It separates Pennsylvania from
New York and New Jersey, and runs into Dela-
ware bay, 6 miles below Newcastle. It is naviga-
ble for ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia,
and for sloopi 35 miles further, to the head of the
tide, at Trenton falls. Above the falls, it is navi-
gable 100 miles for boats of 8 or 9 tons. The
whole length, from its source to the bay, is 300
miles.
Delaware, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Penn-
sylvania; E. by Delaware river, Delaware bay,
and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It
extends from lat. 38° 30' to 39° 45' N., and from
lon. 74° 56' to 75° 40' W. It is 87 miles long
fi'om N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing
2,120 sq. miles. Pop. in 1790, 59,094; in 1800,
64,273; and in 1810, 72,674, of whom 55,361
were whites, 4,177 slaves, and 13,136 free blacks.
The state is divided into 3 counties, Kent, New-
castle and Sussex.
A small part of the state in the north is hilly ;
the rest is level and low. The soil in the north,
and along the Delaware, is generally a rich clay;
in the middle, there is a considerable mixture of
sand ; and in the soutli, sand predominates. —
Wheat is the staple production. It grows here
to very great perfection. Indian corn, rye, oats,
&c. are also cultivated. — The principal rivers are
Brandywine creek and Christiana creek, which
Uniterm the northern part of the state, and empty
into Delaware river. They alTord an uncommon
number of excellent seats for mills and manufac-
tories, which are extensively improved. The
flour mills on Brandywine creek, near Wilming-
ton, are the finest collection in the United States.
Gunpowder, and cotton and woollen goods are
also manufactured to a great extent, in the same
neighborhood. In 1815, there were within 9
miles of Wilmington, 44 flour mills, 13 cotton
manufactories, 15 saw mills, 6 woollen manufac-
tories, and 6 gunpowder mills, besides several
others. — A canal has been commenced between
Christiana creek, in this state, and Elk river, in
Maryland. When finished, it will be 22 miles
long, and will open an inland water communica-
tion between Delaware river and Chesapeake bay.
Presbyterians are the most numerous religious de-
nomination. Several yeai's since they had 24 con-
gregations ; the Episcopalians, 14 ; Friends, 8 ;
Baptists, 7 ; and the Methodists were numerous
in the 2 southern counties. — The legislature con-
sists of a senate, and house of representatives.
The representatives arc chosen annually; the
governor, and senators tricnnially.
Delaware, t. King William co. Va. at the con
fluence of the Pamunky and Mattapony, the forks
of York river, 28 m. above Yorktown, 20 N. by
W. Williamsburg.
Delaware, co. Ohio, on Scioto river, N. ot
FrankUn co. Pop. in 1815. 5,000. Chief town,
Delaware.
Delaware, p-t. and cap, Delaware co. Ohio, on
the W. bank of Whetstone river, 26 m. N. Co-
lumbu?, 70 N. Chillicothe, 65 N. W. Zanesville.
Lat. 40° 18' N.
Delaware, r. E, Florida, nms into the gulf ot
Mexico, near Cape Roman.
Delaicarof, Indians, formerly a numerous and
powerful tribe, who occupied part of New York,
New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and could furnisli
600 warriors. They removed, and for 60 year'<
remained in Ohio, At present, they are about
1,000 in number, and reside chiefly on White riv-
er, in Indiana; but in 1818, they sold their lands
to the U. S. who have engaged to remove them
west of the Mississippi. They intend to settle on
Arkansaw river.
Delbrugg, v. Prussian state?, 14 m. W. N. W.
Paderborn.
Delden, t. Netherlands, 25 m. E, N. E. 7.uJ-
phen.
216
DEL
Delebio, t. Lombardy, on the Adda, 5 m. N. W.
Morbegno.
Dek/iameil, V. Syria, 10 m, N. Balbec.
Delemont, t. Switz. canton of Bern, 10 m. N. W.
Solothurn.
Delery, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Can-
ada, on the river Sorelle, 25 m. S. Montreal.
Dtlft, t. Holland, between Rotterdam and Ley-
den, traversed by a canal which communicates
with the Maese at Delltsliaven. Grotius was born
here in 1.583. Here is manufactured the earthen
ware or counterfeit porcelain, called Delft ware.
9 m. N. W. Rotterdam, 29 S. S. W. Amsterdam.
Pop. 13,852.
DelfU isl. on the W. side of Ceylon, Lat. 9"^
35' N.
Delftshavcn, t. Holland, on the N. side of the
Maese, 2 m. S. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,700.
Delfziel, t. Netherlands, 15 m. N. E. Groningen.
Lon. 6 44' E. Lat. 53° 19' N.
Delhi, province. Hind, between 28° aad 31°
N. lat. ; bounded E. by the Ganges, N. by a range
of mountains, W. by Moultan, and S. by Agra
and Ajmeer. The greater part of this province
is sterile for want of water. All the territory E.
of the Jumna, with a considerable district round
the city of Delhi, belongs in fact to the British ;
but its revenues are allotted to support the empe-
ror or great Mogul, now redticed to the humilia-
ting state of dependency on a foreign power. The
south is occupied by native chiefs in alliance with
the British government. The country N. W. of
the Jumna, is occupied by a number of petty
Seik chiefs,
Delhi, a celebrated city, and for many years
the capital of Hindostan, is situated on the Jum-
na. During the era of its splendour, it is said to
have contained 2,000,000 inhabitants. Immense
sums were expended in constructing the fortress,
and cathedral. Superb palaces and innumerable
mosques were built, and colleges in different parts
of the city. The garden called the Shah al Imar
is said to have cost a million sterling. In 1739,
this city was invaded by Nadir Shah, who mas-
sacred 100,000 of the inhabitants, and took
62,000,000/, sterling of plunder. The modern
city contains many good houses, built of brick or
stone, with flat roofs. Since the city has been
placed under tiie British police, the population is
fast increasing, and every species of durable
properly rising yearly in value. The emperor
(who was placed on the throne in December,
1806, and is entirely sup[)orted by the British)
and the royal family, occupy the whole of the
citadel. Lon. 77° 9' E. Lat. 28° 43' N.
Delhi, p-t. and cap. Delaware co. N. Y. on the
Delaware, 63 m. fr. Kingston, 68 W. Catskill, 70
S. W, Albany. Pop. 2,396.
Delis, r. Malacca, runs into the Chinese sea.
Lat. 2° 33' N.
Deliste, small r. which rises in Up. Canada, and
fulls into the St. Lawrence, in Lower Canada,
near its W. boundary.
Dditzsch, t Prussian states, 12 m. N. Leipzig,
16 E. Halle. Lon. 12^ 19' E. Lat. 51° 33' N.
Deliverance Islands, small islands, near the
roast of New Georgia. Lon. 162° 30' E, Lat,
11°1'S,
DeUamcoUa, fort. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 88°
32'E, Lat, 26° 59' N,
Dellys, or Teddelcs, s-p, Algiers, 45 m, E. Al-
giers.
Dclmar, t. Tioga cO, Pa. Pop. fiSi.
DEN
Debne, r. Oldenburg, which runs into the We-
ser, near Delmenhorst.
Delmenhorst, t. Germany, on the Weser, 7 m.
S. VV. Bremen. ' Lon. 8® 39' 28" E. Lat. 53° 3'
29" N.
Delmona, small r. Lombardy,. falls into the
Oglio, near Bozzuolo.
Delphi. See Caslri.
Delphi, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Delvino, (an, Eleus,) t. Lower Albania, be-
tween Joannina and Butrinto, 30 m. E, N. E. La-
rissa, 356 W. Constantinople. Lon, 20° 30' E-
Lat, 40" 4' N. Pop, 8,000.
Dembea, lake, in the heart of Abyssinia, sup-
posed to be 450 miles in circumference. It con-
tains many islands, one of which is made a place
of confmement for state prisoners. The Bahr-el-
Azrek, so often supposed to be the true Nile, falls
into this lake on the W. and issues from it on the
S,E,
Dembea, a province of Abyssinia, including alt
the territory surrounding the great lake of Dem-
bea. Gondar is the capital,
Dembo, distinct, W. Africa, in the S, E. part of
Congo.
Deme, r. E. Prussia, joins the Pregel, and falls
into the Kurisch Hafl".
Demeg, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea.
Demer, r. Netherlands, joins the Dyle, and
falls into the Scheldt, between Antwerp and Den-
dermonde.
Demerara, r. S. America, in Guiana, which
falls into the Atlantic, in lon. 58° W. lat. 6° 50'
N. It is navigable for ships nearly 100 miles, but
the bar will not admit vessels that draw more
than 18 feet.
Demerara, a province of Guiana, lying on both
sides of Demerara river. Its extent of sea coast
is nearly 100 miles, and it is bounded E. by the
province of Berbice, and W. by that of Essequi-
bo. For 20 miles inland, along the banks of the
river, the country consists of extensive meadows.
This colony formerly belonged to the Dutch, but
was ceded to the British in 1814. The exports
to Great Britain, in 1807, were 19,337 hogsheads
of sugar, 4,722 puncheons of rum, 23,604 bales
of cotton, 12,390,102 pounds of coffee, and 1,694
casks of molasses.
Demetrius. See Goritza.
Demiquain, r. Illinois, runs into the Illinois
from the N. W. 160 m. above its mouth. It is
said to be navigable 120 miles.
Demir-iasch, fort, Eu. Turkey, near Adriauople.
Demmin, t. Hither Pomerania, at the influx of
the Tollensee and the Trebe, 27 m. S. Stralsund.
Lon. 13° 2' E. Lat. 53° 34' N.
Demona, Val, province, Sicily, in the N. E. por-
tion of the island, extending from the strait of
Messina to Catania, and having the Val de Maz-
zara to the W. and Val de Noto to the S. Pop.
521,000. The capital is Messina.
Demonte, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. VV. Coni. Lon,
7° 24' E. Lat. 44° 21' N. Pop. 6,000.
Demotica, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the
Marizza, 12 m. S. S. W. Adriauople, 115 N. W.
Constantinople. Lon. 26° 40' E. Lat. 41° 50' N.
Pop. 8,000.
Denain, v. France, on the Scheldt, 4 m. N. E
Bouchain, 6 S. W. Valenciennes.
Denbigh, co. Wales, bounded E. by Fliirtehire,
Cheshire, and Shropshire, W. by Caernarvon-
shire, N. by the Irish sea, and S. by Merioneth-
A\\rp and Montsromeryshire. The inhabitants
DEN
D E P
217
amonnt to 60,352, of -whom 6,960 are employed in
trade and manufactures, and 21,104 in agricul-
ture.
Denbigh, the capital of Denbighshire, in Wales,
is in the fertile vale of Clwyd, 61 m. E. Holyhead.
Lon. 3° 21' W. Lat. 53° 12' N. Pop. 2,714.
Denbigh, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca, in Norton sound. Lat. 65° 23' N.
Denbi/, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 m. fr. Barnsley.
Dender, small r. Netherlands, which runs into
^he Scheldt near Dendermonde.
Dendera, t. Upper Egypt, a mile from the left
bank of the Nile, 48 S. S. E. Girg^, 242 S. Cairo.
It is remarkable as containing monuments which
display the ancient architecture of Egypt in all
its glory. The great temple of Venus, in partic-
ular, has inspired every traveller of taste with
emotions of the deepest admiration. Lat. 26°
15' N.
Dendermondey or Termonde, t. Netherlands,
cap. of a large district in East Flanders, at the
conflux of the Dender and the Scheldt, 19 m. S,
W. Antwerp. Lon. 4° 20' E. Lat. 51° 1' N. Pop.
5,200.
Deneuvre, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Luneville.
Dengarlen, t. Pomerania, on the Reckenitz,
where it falls into the bay of Ribnitz, 22 m. S. W.
Stralsund.
Denia, s-p. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 45
m. S. S. E. Valencia. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Denizley, or Degnizla, t. Natolia, 108 m. E.S.
E. Smyrna. Lon. 29° 13' E. Lat 37° 51' N.
Denkina, t Hind. 55 m. E. Seringapatam.
Denmark, a kingdom in Europe, the continental
part of which consists of Jutland, Sleswick, Hol-
stein, andLauenburg.and the insular part of Zeal-
and, Funen, Langeland, Falster, Laaland, Born-
holm, Moen, and a number of smaller islands in
the Baltic. It is bounded S. by Germany, and on
all other sides by the sea; and contains 22,000 sq.
miles. There are various appendages to the
crown of Denmark, viz. Iceland and the Faroe
isles in Europe; a part of Greenland; Chris-
tiansburg, and other small places on the coast of
Guinea; Tranquebar on the coast of Coroman-
del ; with factories in the Nicobar islands ; and
in the West Indies, Santa Cruz, St. Thomas, and
St. John. Pop. in 1811, 1,800,000, of which
number
Jutland contains ... 400,000
Zealand, Funen, &c. - - 550,000
Sleswick, .... 300,000
Holstein, .... 350,000
Iceland, .... 50,000
Lauenburgh, ... 35,000
Faroe islands, - . . 5,300
Settlements in E. and W. Indies, and
Africa, .... 100,000
The face of the country is a plain, interrupted by
few hills. The climate is moist and temperate.
The soil is sandy, but is well adapted for pasture,
and produces, oats, barley, beans, peas, and above
all, potatoes. Fishing is carried on to a consider-
able extent in the bays and creeks. — In 1800,
Denmark owned 250,000 tons of shipping, and
20,000 seamen. The exports are grain, horses,
oxen, beef, pork, butter, and cheese. — The reve-
nue is between l,500,000i. and 2,000,000/. ; the
national debt 15,000,000/. The military force
consists of more than 20,000 men ; the naval of
only 4,000 in actual service, but thei-e are be-
tween 14,000 and 1 5,000 registered seamen at the
disposal of tlie crown. — The government is an
absolute monarchy. — The established religion is
the Lutheran. — There are two universities, that
of Copenhagen, on a large scale, with ample
funds ; that of Kiel, comparatively small, but ou
a more judicious plan. There is a college with
four professors, at Odensee, in Funen. Norway
formerly belonged to Denmark, but in 1813 it was
reluctantly ceded to Sweden.
Denmark, t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river,
30 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 436.
Denmark, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river,
150 m. fr, Albany. Pop. 1,242. Deer creek falls
into Black river in this town, and has several falls
of from 10 to 60 feet, and one called High fall, of
175 feet nearly perpendicular. Immediately
above this fall, is the village of Copenhagen.
Denmark, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Jef-
ferson.
Dennewitz, v. Brandenburg, 2 m. fr. Juterbock.
Dennis, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 9 m. N. E.
Barnstable, 76 S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,739.
Dennis, p-v. Amelia co. Va.
Dennis creek, p-v. Cape May co. N. J.
Denni/, v. Scotland, in Stirling, 5 m. W. Fal-
kirk.
Denny'' s river, Washington co. Maine, runs into
the north branch of Cobbescook, and passing by
Eastport, empties into the W. passage, between
Campo-bello island and the main.
DennysviUe, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on
Denny's river, at the head of tide water, 23 m.
N. E. Machias, 17 N. W. Eastport. It has several
saw-mills, and considerable trade in lumber.
Dent, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Dent,
3 m. fr. Ledbergh.
Denton, t Eng. in Lancashire, 15 m. fr. Mau/-
chester.
Denton, p-t. and cap. Caroline co. Md. on the
head-waters of Choptank river, 20 m. S. E. Cen-
treville, 20 N. E. Easton. The public buildings
are a courthouse and jail, a Methodist churchy
and an academy.
Dentrecasteaux''s Channel, strait, on the S. E.
coast of Van Diemen's land, from which it sepa-
rates Bruny's isle.
Deodhur,t. Hind. 175 m. fr. Moorshedabad'.
Lon. 88° 32' E. Lat. 26° 59' N.
Deoghir. See Dowlatabad.
Deogire, or Deogur, ancient fort and city, HindJ
in Berar. Lon. 79° 12- E. Lat. 21° 55' N.
Deogur, fort. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° 40' E.
Lat. 24° 30' N.
Deonhally, t. and fort, India, in Mysore, 19 m,
N. N. E. Bangalore. Lon. 77° 54' E. Lat. 13°
15' N.
Deppen, v. W. Prussia, 15 m. S. W. Guttstadt.
Deposit, p-v. in Tompkins, Delaware co. N. Y.
on the Delaware, 14 m. S. E. Oquago, 105 W.
Catskill. It has considerable trade in lumber.
Dept/ord, t. Eng. in Kent, at the confluence of
the RaVensbourne with the Thames. There is a
royal dock yard here, with fine wet docks, and nu-
merous buildings for the manufacture and preser-
vation of naval stores. Here many of the largest
ships of war have been built. There are also
several private docks in the neighbourhood, foi
building and repairing merchantmen. There are
two hospitals belonging to the corporation, or so-
ciety, of the Trinity-house, devoted to the support
of decayed masters of ships, and pilots, and their
widows. Pop. 19,833, 4 m. E.London.
28
218
D E R
Depiford, t Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 2,978.
Depuch's Islandy on the N. W. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 113° 47' E. Lat. 20° 35' 30" N.
Derah Ishmael Khan, t. in the Afghan territo-
ries, on the Indus. Lon. "ifp 50' E. Lat. 31°
65' N.
De Ramsay, 2 seigniories, in Lower Canada :
one, in Richelieu co. ; and the other, in War-
wick CO.
Derbak, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian,
a little N. of Derbend.
Dcrbane, r. in the N. part of Louisiana, runs S.
E. and joins the Wachitta.
Derbe, in Sac. Geog. a city of Lycaonia, on tlie
confines of Isauria.
Derbend, t. Russia, capital of the khanship of
Derbend, in the province of Schirvan, on the W.
coast of the Caspian sea. It is in the form of a
parallelogram, extending on a declivity from the
very margin of the shore west, to the foot of a
lofty mountain. It is considered the gate of Per-
sia ; its name signifies an impassable place. It is
surrounded by strong walls. The harbor is the
worst on the Caspian sea. The inhabitants are
Mahometans, Georgians, Armenians, and Jews,
amountii^ in all to 4,000. Little trade is carried
on, owing to the poverty of the surrounding coun-
tries. Lon. 48° 58' E. Lat. 41° 52' N.
Derbinskoi, v. Siberia, on the Lena. Lon. 116°
14' E. Lat. 60° 20' N.
Derby, co. Eng. bounded N. by Yorkshire, E.
by tlie counties of Nottingham and Leicester, S.
by Leicester and Stafford, and W. by Stafford and
Chester. It contains 972 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811,
185,487; families, 37,460, of which number,
14,283 are engaged in agriculture, and 15,825 in
trade and manufactures.
Derby, t. Eng. cap. of Derbyshire, on the Der-
went, which is navigable to the Trent. A county
infirmary, on a large scale, was erected here in
1810, which is considered one of the most com-
plete establishments of the kind in Europe. Man-
ufactures to a large extent, are carried on in this
town, particularly in silk and cotton, porcelain,
and spar. This is a borough, returning 2 mem-
bers to parliament. Pop. 13,043. Lon. 1° 25' W.
Lat. 52° 58' N.
Derby West, t. Eng. 4 m. fr. Liverpool.
Derby, p-t. Oi'leans co. Vt. on lake Memphrama-
gog, 52 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 714.
Derby, p-t. New Haven co. Ct. on the Housa-
tonick, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 12 m.
above its mouth, 10 W. New Haven. Pop. 2,051.
It contains 5 churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congi-ega-
tional, and 1 Methodist. A number of mills and
manufactures are erected at the falls of the Nau-
gatuck, and on Eight mile river and other streams.
See Humphreysville. The river is navigable for
vessels of 80 tons, and considerable trade is car-
ried on with the W. Indies.
Derecs, 1. Persia, in Ears, 7 m. N. Thazeroon.
Dereham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 160 m. W. Nor-
wich, 100 N. N. E. London. Lon. 56' E. Lat.
52° 40' N. Pop. 2,888.
Dereia, t. Syria, 6 m. S. Damascus.
Derenbtirg, t. Prussian states, on the Holzemme,
6 m. W. S. W. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,000.
Derg, r. Ireland, runs from Lough Derg to the
river Foylc, 8 m. E. Donegal.
Dergasp, t. Persia, in Seistan, 40 m. S. W. Bost.
Lon. 63° 48' E. Lat. 32° 5' N.
Derkaliah, t. Syria, 20 m. S. Damascus.
D E S
Deriabi, one of the Kartan islandis, on the coast
of Arabia. Lon. 55° 55' E. Lat. Yl^ 35' N.
Demisch, or Demis, t. and fort, Austrian state?-
in Dalmatia, 20 m..N. Sebenico.
Dcrry. See Londonderry.
Derry, r. Wales, which runs into the Avon,
near Dolgelly.
Derry, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara creek, 2
m. above its junction with the Susquehannah.
Pop. 2,431. In the bank of the creek, there is a
cavern, containing numerous apartments, and
with stalactites of various shapes and colors, form*
ed on the walls.
Derry, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,341.
Derry, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,380.
Derry, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,283.
Derryjield. See Manchester.
Deruytcr, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 34 m. S. W,
Utica, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 1,503.
Derno, t. Lombardy, on tlie lake of Como, 18
m. N. N. E. Como.
Derivent, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea.
at Workington; another, which runs into the
Ouse, 5 m. S. E. Selby, in Yorkshire ; anotherj
which flows into the Tyne, about 3 m. above New-
castle ; another, which falls into the Trent, 8 m.
E. S. E. Derby.
Derwent Fells, mt. Eng. S. of Keswick.
Derwent Water, lake, Eng. in Cumberland,
near Keswick, formed by the river Derwent.
Des, t. Transylvania, 25 m. N. N. E. Clausen-
burg. Lon. 23° 23' E. Lat. 47° 1' 50" N.
Desaguero, r. S. America, which issues from
lake Titicaca, and running S. terminates in lake
Paria. Over this river is still to be seen the
bridge of rushes, constructed by the fifth Inca of
Peru, for transporting his army to the other side.
Desaguero, sometimes called iJio Colorado, large
r. in Patagonia, which, after a S. E. course of
nearly 1000 miles, falls into the Atlantic, in lat.
39° 45' S.
Deseada, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 76^ 45' W. Lat. 52° 52' S.
Deseada, the first of the Caribbee islands, dis-
covered by Columbus, in 1494, 16 m. E. Guada-
loupe. Lon. 61° 15' W. Lat. 16° 38' N.
Desio, t. Lombardy, 6 m. N. Milan.
Desire, Port, harbor, on the eastern coast of S.
America. Lon. 64° 25' W. Lat. 47° 7' S.
Des Mains, large r. Missouri Territory, which
runs S. S. E. and joins the Mississippi, about 130
miles above the mouth of the Missouri. From
the rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary ol
the State of Missouri. It may be ascended in
boats 800 miles.
Desna, r. Russia, which runs into the Dnieper
near Kiev.
Desolation, Cape, on the S. W. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 72° 12' W. Lat. 54° 55' S.
Desolation, Cape, the S. point of Greenland.
Lon. 47° W. Lat. 61° 45' N.
Despage, or Fox river, Illinois, runs into the Il-
linois, from the N. about half way between lake
Pioria, and the forks of the Illinois. Its course is
nearly parallel with tliat of the Desplanes.
Desplanes, r. Illinois, rises W. of lake Michigan,
and flowing S. W. meets the Kankakee, to form
Illinois river. The Desplanes communicates with
a lake, and from this lake there is a sort of canai
to Chicago river, partly worn by the water, and
partly made by the French and Indians, through
which boats pass in wet seasons. See Chicago.
D E V
Dessau, t. Germany, cap. of Uie duchy of An-
halt-Dessau, on the Mulda, which falls into the
Elbe, about half a league from the town. Pop.
9,400. 28 m. S. E, Magdeburg. Lon. 12° 17' 1"
E. Lat.51o50'6"N.
Destruction Island, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat.47°3rN.
Desires, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 9 m. S. E.
Boulogne.
Delmold, t. Germany, on the Wehre, 25 m. S.
S. W. iMinden. Lon. 8"^ 45' E. Lat. 51° 53' N.
Detroit river, N. America, which connects lake
St. Clair with lake Erie, is 28 miles long, and, op-
posite Detroit, | of a mile wide, enlarging as it
descends, and is navigable for vessels of any bur-
den. Near its mouth, are Gross isle, and numer-
ous smaller islands ; and the principal channel is
near the eastern side, between Bois blanc island
and the Canada shore. Back from the river, the
iand descends into low grounds and marshes, and
the settlements are only one farm deep, on the
banks of the river, which are regular and even.
The country has been settled more tlian a centu-
ry, and there is an almost continued line of settle-
ments from the mouth of the river to lake St,
Clair, on the Canada side; and on the western
side, for several miles above and below Detroit. —
The houses though low and mean, are finely set
round with forest and fruit trees, and with the
beautiful expanse of the water, form a most
agreeable view as you sail on the river.
Detroit, city, and port of entry, Wayne co. and
capital of Michigan Territory, is on Detroit riv-
er, 9 miles from lake St. Clair, 18 above Amherst-
burg, in Up. Canada, 313 S. Mackinaw, 302 W.
Buffalo, 548 fr. Washington. Lon. 82° 56' W.
Lat. 42° 25' N. Pop. in 1819, 1,110. The city is
laid out in a regular square, | of a mile on each
side. The public buildings are, a market house ;
a council-house ; a penitentiary, built of slone;
a bank; a large Government Etore-housc ; a mili-
tary arsenal, andordnaiioe store-house; an acad-
emy ; a neat Presbyterian church ; and a magnifi-
cent Catholic church, 116 feet by 60, built of
stone, Avith 2 tall steeples, which is not yet finish-
ed.— The situation of Detroit is eminently advan-
tageous in the commerce of the great Lakes. It
was settled as early as 1683, by the French from
Canada, for the purposes of the fur trade. At
present, its trade is chiefly with Ohio and New
York, and with the military posts on the Upper
Lakes. In 1818, the amount of shipping belong-
ing to this port, was 849 tons ; the value of ex-
ports, was $69,330, and of imports, $15,611. —
The fort is a regular work, of an oblong figure,
covering an acre of ground, with parapets and
bastions, and surrounded by palisadoes, a deep
ditch and glacis. The number of the garrison in
1818, was 168.— In August, 1812, Detroit surren-
dered to the British, but was not long retained
by them.
Dettenheim, t. Bavarian states, in the circle of
the Upper Danube. In this neighbourhood, viz.
at the village of Graben, are the remains of the
canal, by which Charlemagne attempted to con-
nect the waters of the Danube and tlxe Rhine, in
the year 793.
Dettingen, v. Bavarian states, in the circle of
the Lower Maine, on the east bank of the Maine,
9 m. S. Hanau.
Deva, r. Spain, which falls into the bay of Bis-
cay, at Deva ; another, which joins the rivjr Ove,
flear Oviedo.
DEW
219
Deiw, s-p. Spain, in Guipuscoa, at the mouth of
the Deva, 15 m. W. St. Sebastian. Lon. 2° 24'
W. Lat. 43° 19' N.
Deca, t. Transylvania, on the Marosch, 10 m.
W. Millenbach. Lon. 22° 45' E. Lat. 47° 19'
4" N.
Devaprayaga, t. Hind, in Serinagur, on that
part of the Ganges held most sacred by the Hin-
doos. Here is the celebrated temple of Rama-
chandra. Lon. 78° 31' E. Lat. 30° 9' N.
Devenish, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne, 3 m. N.
Enniskillen.
Deienter, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
Yssel. Linen is manufactured here, and the traf-
fic in cattle, buttei-, and cheese, is considerable.
Pop. 10,100. 8 m. N. N. W. Zutphen, 46 E. Am-
sterdam. Lon. 6° 3' E. Lat. 52° 18' N.
Deveron, r. Scotland, which falls into the Ger-
man ocean at Banff.
Deverte bay, on the N. E. coast of New Bruns-
wick, at its S. E. extremity.
Devicotfn, fort, and s-p. India, in Tanjore, at
the mouth of the Coleroon. Lon. 79° 55' E. Lat.
11°20'N.
Dcvifs hole. See J^iagara falls.
Devil's river, small r, Michigan Territory, (so
called from a superstition of the Indians concern-
ing it,) runs into Fox river, opposite Fort How-
ard. Another river of this name empties into
Fox river, 120 miles above its mouth. See Fox
river.
Devizes, or The Vies, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the
Kennet and Avon canal. It sends 2 members to
parliament. Pop. 3,750. 88 VV. S. W. London.
Lon. 1° 58' E. Lat. 51° 21' N.
Deulemondt, t. France, dep. of the Noi-th, where
the river Deule falls into the Lys, 6 m. N. W.
Lille.
Devon, co. Eng. bounded N. by the Bristol
channel, E. by Dorset and Somerset, S. by the
English channel, and W. by Cornwall. It con-
tains 2,493 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811, 383,308;
families, 79,415, of which numbei-, 33,044 were
engaged in agriculture, and 30,977 in trade and
manufactures.
Devon, r. Scotland, which falls into the Forth,
at Cambus. The Devon iron works are about 4
miles from the mouth of the river. There is
another river of the same name, which falls into
the Forth at Clackmannan harbor.
Devon, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the
St. Lawrence, between Hertford and Cornwallis
counties.
Deuren, t. Prussian states, 14 m. E. Aix-la-Cha-
pelle. Lon. 6° 25' E. Lat. 50° 50' N.
Deux coeurs, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into lake Superior, 21 m. W. Whitefish point, and
m W. St. Mary's river. It is 25 yards wide, and
beatable at its entrance.
Deux Montagues, lake, Canada, or rather ex-
pansion of the river Ottawa, at its junction with
the St. l^awrence. It is 24 miles long, and from
1 to 6 broad.
Deux Pmils, formerly a principality of Germa-
ny, on the left bank of the Rhine, but now belong-
ing to Bavaria, and forming part of the circle of
the Rhine. Pop. 60,000.
Deux Fonts, Les, t. Bavarian states, in the cir-
cle of the Rhine, 46 m. W. Manheim, 58 N.
Mentz. Lon. 7° 25' E. Lat. 49° 16' N. Pop.
5,000.
Dewangunge, t. Bengal, on the W.bank of the
Brahmapootra river. Lon. 89° 42' E. Lat.25°7 N,
22d
D I C
D I E
Dewarcoie, t. Hind. Lon. 78° 2'E. Lat 30^59' N.
Dewee, small isl. S. C. in Charleston harbor.
Deweysburg, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 22 m. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 200.
Dewsburgh, t. Eng. in the West Riding of York-
shire, 5 m. VV. Wakefield. Pop. 5,059.
Dexter, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 30 m. N. W.
Bangor.
Deynse, t. Netherlands, on tlie Lys, 9 m. S. W.
Ghent. Pop. 3,000.
Deyrah, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 77° 45' E.
Lat. 30° 19' N.
Dezaigne, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Dance,
15 m. W. Tournon. Pop. 3,440.
Desensano, t. Lombardy, on lake Guarda, 15
m. S. Brescia. Lon. 10° 35' E. Lat. 45° 29' N.
Dezful, or Dezphoul, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 28
m. W. Shuster. Pop, 15,000.
Dfjesan, t. Arabia, in Yemen, on the coast of
the Red sea, 22 m. W. Abu-Arisch.
Dhar, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75° 25' E.
Lat. 22° 48' N.
Dharmsaleh, t. Thibet, 60 m. S. Sarangpour.
Lon. BIO 25' E. Lat. 31° 42' N.
Dhelly, Portuguese t. on the N. coast of the
island of Timor. Lon. 125° 30' E. Lat. 8°
35' S.
Dhonee, r. Thibet, which runs into the Bur-
harapooter, at Luckeigereh.
Dhoolpour, city. Hind, in Agra, on the N. bank
of the Chumbul. Lon. 77° 55' E. Lat. 26° 43' N.
Diadin, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Euphrates,
72 m. S. S. W. Erivan, 140 S. S. E. Erzerum.
Diakovir, t. Sclavonia, 14 m. S. W. Essek.
Lon. 18° 27' 48" E. Lat. 45° 19' 20" N.
Djam, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 100m. N.Herat.
80 S. E. Meschid.
Diamond Harbour, in the W. bi-anch of the
Ganges, commonly called theHoogly river, about
34 miles below Calcutta in a straight line. At
this place the company's ships unload, and take
in great part of their homeward bound cargoes.
Diamond Island, on the E. side of the bay of
Bengal, 12 m. S. Cape Negrais. Lon. 94° 12' E.
Lat. 15° 51' N.
Diamond Point, cape on the N. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 97° 52' E. Lat. 5° 20' N.
Diamond Point, cape on the W. coast of Marti-
nico. Lon. 61° W. Lat. 14° 25' N.
Diamper, t. India, in Cochin. Lon. 76° 37' E.
Lat. 9° 55' N.
Diana's Bank, or Shoal, small isl. in the Indian
sea. Lon. 151° 5' E. Lat. 15° 45' S.
Dia7io, t. Sardinian states, in Genoa, 3 m. N. E.
Oneglia.
Diano, t. Naples, in the principatoCitra, 13 m.
N. N. W. Policastro.
Diarbekir, a pachalic or government of A. Tur-
key, between the Tigris and Euphrates.
Diarbekir, city, A. Turkey, and cap. of the pa-
chalic of Diarbekir, is in a fine plain on the Ti-
gris. The city is encompassed by a lofty thick
wall of black stone. Extensive manufactures are
carried on here in iron, copper, silk, wool, cotton,
and leather. There arc considerable exports to
Bagdad and Constantinople. The inhabitants
consist of Turks, Armenians, Kui-ds, Catholics,
and Jacobites. The surrounding country is ex-
ceedingly fertile. Pop. about 50,000. Lon. 39°
52' E. Lat. 37° 55" N.
Dickinson, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 12 m. W. Ma-
lone. Pop. 411.
Dickinson, i. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,749.
Dickinson college. See Carlisle.
Dickinson's store, p-v. Caroline co. Va.
Dickinsonville, p-v. Franklin co. Va.
Dicks, r. Ken. runs into the Kentucky, after a N.
W. course of 50 miles, in lon. 84° 56' W. lat. 37°
40' N.
Dicks creek, Ohio, empties into the Miami from
the E. above Hamilton.
Dickson, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 4,516. Slavey
980. Chief town, Charlotte.
Dickwasset, r. New Brunswick, which runs in-
to Passamaquoddy bay.
Didsbury, t. Eng. 6 m. from Manchester.
Die, t. France, on the Drome, 25 m. S. E. Val-
ence, 30 S. W. Grenoble. Lon. 5° 22' 33" E. Lat.
44° 45' 31" N.
Djebail, t. Syria, 2 m. N. of the river Ibrahim.
It occupies the site of the ancient Biblos, whose
inhabitants were employed with the Sidonians in
procuring wood for Solomon's temple. Pop. 6,000.
Djebel Hazen, isl. of the Red sea, on the coast of
Arabia. Lat. 25° 32' 20" N.
Djebel Kor, or the Mountain of Light, hill,
Arabia, in Hedsjas, near Mecca. The Mahome-
tans believe that the angel Gabriel brought the
first chapter of tlie koran here to their prophet.
Djedda. See Jidda.
Dieburg, t. Hesse, in Starkenberg, 24 m. E. S.
E. Mentz.
Diego Ruys, or Rodriguez, isl. in the Indian
ocean, 100 leagues E. of the island of Mauritius.
Lon. 57° 32' E. Lat. 19° 30' S.
Diego de Ramires, isl. near the coast of Terpa
del Fuego. Lon. 68° 45' W. Lat. 56° 19' S.
Diekirch, t. Netherlands, on the Saure, 20 m. N.
Luxemburg.
Diemeji's Land, Fan. See Van Diemen's
Land.
Dienville, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. N. W. Bar-
sur-Aube.
Diepholz, county, Germany, lying between
Munster, Osnabruck, Minden, and Hoya, and be-
longing to the kingdom of Hanover. It contains
264 square miles, and 15,530 inhabitants.
Diepholz, t. Hanover, cap. of the county of
Diepholz. Pop. 1,550. 30 m. S. S. W. Bremen,
Lon. 8° 21' E. Lat. 52° 36' N.
Dieppe, s-p. France, in the English channel, at
the mouth of the Arques, or Bethune. There are
regular packet-boats between Dieppe and Brigh-
ton, a distance of 66 miles, and it is the most di-
rect route between London and Paris. 45 m. N.
E. Havre de Grace, 100 N. W. Paris. Lon. 1° 4'
E. Lat. 49° 55' N. Pop. 20,000.
Dierdorf, t. Grand duchy of the Lower Rhine,
on the Wiedbach, 8 m. N. N. E. Coblentz.
Diersheim, v. Baden, in Kinzig, 5 m. N. Kehl.
Dierstein, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 39
m. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 33' E. Lat. 48° 27' N.
Diesenhofen, t. Switzerland, inThurgau, on th«
Rhine, 5 m. S. Schaffhausen.
Diessen, t. Upper Bavaria, in the circle of the
Iser, 8 m. S. Landsberg. Lon. 11° 6' E. Lat. 47°
56' 30" N.
Diest, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on the
Demer, 22 m. W. Maestricht. Lon. 5° 4' E. Lat.
50° 58' N.
Dietenheim, t Bavarian states, in Suabia, oH
the lUer, 9 m. S. E. Ulm.
Dietikon, v. Switzerland, in Zurich, 8 m. N. W.
Zurich.
Dietz, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau, on
the Lahn, which here begins to be navigable.
D I N
Dieuse, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Seille, 22
m. N. E. Nancy. Lon. 6° 48' E. Lat, 48° 49' N.
Digbi/, t. Nova Scotia, on the bay of Annapolis,
15 m. S. W. Annapolis.
Digges''s Sound, an inlet in the N. part of Beer-
ing's bay. Lon. 220° 43' E. Lat. 59° 52' N.
Dighlon, p-t. and port of enti-y, Bristol co. Mass.
on the W. side of Taunton river, 7 m. S. Taun-
ton, 20 from Warren, 39 S. Boston. Pop. 1,659.
Amount of shipping in 1815, 9,699 tons. On the
side of the river in this town, there is a rock con-
taining a hieroglyphic inscription, of which no
satisfactory account has been given.
Digmanri's ferry, p-v. Pike co. Pa.
Dignano, t. Austrian states, in Istria, 3 m. from
the sea. 44 m. S. Trieste. Lon. 14° E. Lat. 45°
6'N.
Digne, t. France, in Lower Alps. The streets
are steep and winding, and the houses ill built ;
there are three gates, a cathedral, and 4 other
churches. About a league from the town, at the
fcot of a perpendicular rock, are mineral springs
which are strongly impregnated with sulphur,
and employed both externally and internally. 34
S. by W. Embrun, 50 N. E. Aix. Lon. 6° 14' 37"
E. Lat. 44° 5' 14' N. Pop. 3,300.
Digoin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 14 m. W.
Charolles.
Dijon, an ancient and well built city of France,
cap. of Cote d'Or. It is on the Ouche, at the en-
trance of a fertile plain, bounded by the ridge
of hills called the Cote d'Or, which abound in
excellent wines. It contains several fine church-
es, a university, a museum of paintings and en-
gravings, and an academy of sciences. It is the
see of a bishop, and contains manufactures of
woollens, cotton and silk. The traffic in these,
and in wine, corn, &c. is greatly facilitated by
the new canal from St. Jean de Losne to Dijon.
100 m. N. Lyons, 175 S. E. Paris. Lon. 5° 2' 5"
Lat. 47° 19' 25" N. Pop. 21,600.
Dilliardsville, p-v. Rutherford co. Ten.
Dilknburg, t. Westphalia, in the duchy of Nas-
sau, on the Dille, 45 m. N. N, W. Frankfort on the
Maine. Lon. 8° 22' E. Lat. 50° 45' N.
DilUngen, t. Bavarian states, on the left bank of
the Danube, 23 m. N. W. Augsburg, 24 N. E. Ulm.
Lon. 10° 30' 29" E. Lat. 48° 34' 33" N.
Diilsberg, t. Baden, on the Neckar, 6 m. E.
Heidelberg.
DiUsburg, p-v. York co. Pa.
DilVs ftrrjj, p-v. Norhampton co. Pa.
Dilworth, t Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. fr. Black-
burn.
Dimitzana, t. Morea, on the Erymathus, oppo-
site to the ruins of the ancient Psophis. 24 m. N.
W. Tripolizza.
Dinagepore, district, Bengal, between 25° and
26° N. lat. bounded N. and W. by Puncah, E. by
Rungpore and Ghoragot, and S. by Bettooriah.
Dinagepore, the capital, is on an island formed
by the Pernabubah river, and is a place of consid-
erable trade. Lon. 88° 40' E. Lat. 25° 37' N.
Dinan, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 13 m. S.
St. Malo, Lon. 22° 47' W. Lat. 48° 27' 16" N.
Pop. 4,170.
Dinan, Anse de, a bay on the coast of France, be-
tween Brest road and the bay of Douarnenez.
Dinant, t. Netherlands, on the Maese, 14 m. S.
Namur. Pop. 3,630. Lon. 4° 56' E. Lat. 50° 15'
20" N.
Dinapore, a military cantonement belonging
to tb» Britisb, on the H. backof the Ganges, 11^
D I S
221
m. W. of Patna, for the defence of which it was
constructed. Lon. 85° 3' E. Lat. 25° 38' N.
Dinasmouthy, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, on the
Dysi. Lon. 3° 38' W. Lat. 52° 34' N.
Dindigul, district of India, between 10° and
11° N. lat. bounded N. by Coimbetoor and Kist-
nagherry, S. by Travancore and Madura, W. by
Travancore and Cochin, E. by the Carnatic.
In 1792, it was ceded to the British, and is now
included in the collectorship of Madura. Dindi-
gul, the capital, is a strong fortress. Lon. 78° 5'
E. Lat. 10° 22' N.
Dinding, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon.
100° 36' E. Lat. 4° 15' N.
Dingeljingen, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 48 m. N.
E. Munich. Lon. 12° 28' E. Lat. 48° 36' N. Pop.
2,080.
Dingle, s-p. Ireland, in Kerry, on the N. coast of
a bay of the same name. Lon. 10° 8' W. Lat. 52°
8'N.
Dingmansburg, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the E.
branch of Great Miami river, below the mouth of
Musquetoe creek, 11 m. above Piqua, 19 above
Troy.
Dingwall, t. Scotland, in Ross co. 19 m. N. In-
verness. Lon. 4° 19' W. Lat. 57° 36' N. Pop.
1,500.
Dinish, isl. in the Atlantic, near the W, coast of
Ireland. Lat. 51° 41' N.
Dinkara, kingdom in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, behind Ahantali. It abounds in
gold.
DinkehbuhJ, t. Bavarian states, 16 m. S. W.
Anspach, 36 S. W. Nuremberg. Lon. 10° 19' 49"
E. Lat. 49° 8' 37" N. Pop. 6,400.
Dinslacken, t. Prussian states, on the Rhine, 5
m. S. E. Wesel. Lon. 6° 47' E. Lat. 51° 34' N.
Dinwiddie, co. Va. bounded N. by Appomatox
river, which separates it from Chesterfield co.
and inclosed on the other sides by Prince George,
Sussex, Brunswick, Lunenburg, Nottaway and
Amelia counties. Pop. 12,524. Slaves, 7,442.
Chief town, Petersburg. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Djoojocarla, a populous city of Java, capital of
Mataram, 130 m. S. S. W. Samarang.
Dippoldisxvalda, t. Saxony, 12m. S. S. W.Dres-
den. Lon. 13° 36' E. Lat. 50° 53' N.
Direction, Islands of, four small islands at the
entrance of the straits of Magellan, in the Pacific.
Lon. 77° 19' W. Lat. 52° 27 S.
Dirfiam, v. Eng. in Gloucester, 8 m. N. Bath.
Dirmstein, t. Germany, 7 m. S. S. W. Worms.
Dirschau, t. Prussia, on the Vistula, 16 m. S. S.
E. Dantzic.
Disappointment Bay, on the E. coast of Minda-
nao. Lon. 126° 15' E. Lat. 6° 52' N.
Disappointment Bay, in the straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Terra del Fuego, 10 m. S. E. Dol-
phin bay.
Disappointment Cape, on the S. coast of the isl-
and of Georgia, in the S. Atlantic. Lon. 36^ 13'
W. Lat. 54° 58' S.
Disappointment Island, oneof Duff 'sgroupe, in
the Pacific. Lon. 167° E. Lat. 10° S.
Disappointment hlaiids, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 145° 4' W. Lat. 14° 5' S.
Disappointment Cape, on the N. W. coast of A-
merica, the N. cape at the mouth of Columbia riv-
er. Lon. 142° 59' W. Lat. 46° 19' N.
Discord, Cape, on the E. coast of Greenland.
Lon. 44° 30' W. Lat. 60° 30' N. ^ '
220 D I X
Disentis, t. of the Swiss canton of the GrisoiiE.
Lon. 8° 59' E. Lat. 46° 58' N.
Dishtie, V. Egrypt, 16 m. N. E. Menoaf.
Disko, isl. in Davis' straits, in a bay of the same
name. Lon. 70° W. Lat. 51° N.
Dislet/, t Eng. in Chester, 6 m. S. W. Stockport.
Pop. 1,415. ^
Dismal Siramp, a tract of marshy land, commen-
cing in the S. E. part of Virginia, and extending
into N. Carolina. It is 30 miles long from N. to S.
and 10 broad, and embraces about 150,000 acres,
generally covered vritli trees. In the centre is
Drummond's pond, 15 miles in circumference.
The Chesapeake and Albemarle canal passes
through the swamp, and is supplied with water
from Drummond's pond.
Diss, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 13 m. S, S. W. Nor-
wich. Lon. 1° 5' E. Lat. 52° 22" N. Pop. 2,590.
Dissais, t. France, in Vienne, 11 m. N. N. E.
Poitiers. Pop. 1,100.
Dissay, t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m. S. E. Chateau
du Loir. Pop. 1,100.
Dissen, v. Hanover, 19 m. S. E. Osnabruck.
Dilmarsen, a district of Holstein, between the
Eyder and the Elbe. The chief towns are Mel-
dorf andLunden.
Diifeah, t. Hind, in Bundelcund. Lon. 78° SS'
E. Lat. 25° 43° N.
Diu, a celel)rated island and fortress of Hind.
inGujf-rat. It has a good harbour, and formerly
possessing a Hindoo temple, it rose to great celeb-
rity, and became one of the richest places of the
east. In 1535, it was taken by the Portuguese,
who fortified it, and made it a place of great trade ;
but in 1G70, it was plundered by the Arabs, and
has now dwindled into insignificance. Lon. 71''
E. Lat. 20° 43' N.
Diu. Head, a promontory on the coast of Guze-
rat. Lon. 70^ 52' E. Lat 20° 41' N..
Divanelly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. N. Banga-
lore.
Divaran, one of the Calamianes islands. Lon.
120° 32' E. Lat. 8° 12' N.
Dive, r. France, which falls into the English
channel near Dives.
Dividing creek, p-v. Cumberland co, N. J.
Dividing creek, Tr Va. which runs between Lan-
caster and Northumberlatid counties into Chesa-
peake bay.
Divilican, t. Lucon. at the entrance of Caiguran
bay. Lon. 122° 27' E. Lat. 16° 51' N.
Division, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 23 m. E. Au-
burn, 170 W. Albany.
Divriki, t. A. Turkey, 60 m. N. E. Sivas, 90 N.
Diarbekir.
Divt/ Pom/, on the coast of Coromandel. Lon.
81° 14' E. Lat. 15° 58' N.
Divy Point, Hind, on the coast of Condapilly.
Lon. 81° 20' E. Lat. 15° 55' N.
Dixan, t. of Tigr^, in Abyssinia. Lon. 39° 38'
E. Lat. 15° N.
Dixcove, a Briti.<h fort, on the Gold coast of Af-
rica, at the entrance of a small cove. 40 m. S. W.
Cape coast Castle.
Dirfield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, 10 m. xN. E. Paris. Pop. 403.
Dixhills, p-v. in Huntington, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Dixmonf, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Bangor. Pop. 337.
Dixmvydtn, t. Netherlands, 11 m. S. Ostend,
24 E. Dunkirk. Lon. 2° 51' E. Lat. 31° 2' N.
Dixon, t. Preble co. Ohio.
DOC
Dixon''s Entrance, straits in the N. Pacific ocean,
between Queen Charlotte's island and the conti-
nent of N. America.
Dixon^s springs, p-v. Smith co. Ten.
Dixville, t. Coos co. IV. H. 110 m. N. Concord.
Dixville, p-v. Henry co. Va.
Disabad, t. Persia, in Irak, 60 m. S. S. E. Ham-
adan.
Dizuk, district, Persia, in Mekran.
Dmitrov, t. Eu. Russia, 30 m. N. Moscow. Lon.
37° 35' E. Lat. 56° 21' N.
Dneproicsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Taurida, on the
Dnieper, 80 m. S. S. W. Ekaterinoslav.
Dnieper, (an. Bori/sihenes,) r. Russia, which ri-
ses in the government of Smolensko, and passing
by Smolensko, Orcha, Mohilev, Bobryow, Kiev,
Crementchong, Ekaterinoslav, Nicopal, and Cher-
son, falls into the Black sea, between Oczakov and
Kinburn. It begins to be navigable above Smo-
lensko ; but in the lower part of its course the
navigation is impeded by islands, and about 200
miles from its mouth, by rapids which continue foi-
nearly 40 miles ; they are not, however, danger-
ous, except after heavy falls of rain. The length
of its course is 800 miles.
Dniester, or .'N'iester, (an. Tyras,) r. Europe,
which rises in the Carpathian mountains, in Aus-
trian Galicia, and after passing by Tzekinooka,
Rasczcow, Bender, Tiraspol, and other towns,
runs into the Black sea between Ovidiopol and
Akerman. Its navigation has been recently im-
proved by the Russian government, and the Poles
now send a considerable portion of the produce of
their soil through its medium, to the flourishing
port of Odessa, situated on the Black sea, near its
mouth.
Don, isl. in the Eastern sea, near theW. coast
of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 40' E. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Dobberan, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg, near
the Baltic, 8 m. N. W. Rostock. Pop. 1,420.
Dobbertin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg, 12 m.
S. Schwerin. Pop. 750.
Dobbs, Cape, in Hudson's bay, at the S. side of
the entrance of Wager's i^iver. Lon. 86° 30' W.
Lat. 65° N.
Doboy sound, and inlet, on the coast of Geo.
which receives the N. branch ol the Alatamaha
river. The bar has 14 feet at low water, and is in
lat. 31° 20' N.
Dobfaicitz, t Bohemia, in the circle of Buntz-
lau, 4 m. S. Jung-Buntzlau.
Dobrilugk, t. Prussian states, on the river Dober,
34 m. N. Dresden, 56 S. Berlin. Lon. 13° 35' E.
Lat. 51° 34' N.
Dobiuzi, country, in Bulgaria, extending along
the S. bank of the Danube, near its mouth. It is
inhabited by Tartars.
Dobrzyn, t. Poland, 65 m. N. N. W-. Warsaw.
Dobrzyn, t. Poland, 20 m. E. N. E. Thorn.
Dobson''s cross-roads, p-v. Stokes co. N. C.
Doce Rio, r. Brazil, rises near Villa Rica, and
running N. and afterwards E. discharges it
self, after a course of about 500 miles, into the
Atlantic, in lat. 19° .30' S.
Dochart, r. Scotland, in Perth co. which falls
into Loch Tay.
Dockan, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon. 120°
2' E. Lat. 5° 58' N.
Dockum, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, near the
G erman ocean, on a canal, which, at high water,
brings large ships up to the town. It has conside-
rable trade in salt, cheese, butter, and beer. Pop.
DOM
DON
223
,-),lOO. 33 m. W. Delfzyl. Lon. 5° 55' E. Lat.
53° 20' N.
Dodbrook, t. En^. in Devon, 15 m. S. W. Dart-
mouth.
Dodona, a celebrated forest of Albania, famous
in ancient times for its oracles, and at present the
Fetreat of rebellious Albanians.
Doe, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea, lat. 30° S.
Doebeln, i. Saxony, 27 m. S. E. Leipzic. Lon.
13° 1' E. Lat. 51° 7 N. Pop. 4,100.
Doesburg, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 8
m. S. S. W. Zutphen. Lon. 68° E. Lat. 52° 2' N.
Dofar, or Dafar, s-p. Arabia, in Hadramaut, in
the Arabian sea, 120 m. N. Cape Fartach.
Dofrajield, ridge of mountains, between Swe-
den and Norway. The highest summits are in
Drontheim and Bergen. The greatest elevation
is 7,620 feet above the level of the sea.
Dog Islands, on the S. side of the gulf of St.
liawrence. Lon. 58° W. Lat. SF 20' N.
Dog Island, or Desimturada, isl. in the Pacific.
Lon. 141° 30' W. Lat. 15° 15' S.
Dog, or Cedar river, Alabama, flows into the
c?tuary of Pascagoula.
Dog river, Alabama, flows into Mobile bay,
about 3 leagues below the town of Mobile.
Dogger Banic, an extensive sand-bank in the
North sea, between the north of Germany and
England, the west end of which extends nearly
to Scarborougli in Yorkshire, and the eastern
within 20 leagues of the coast of Jutland. It is
much frequented by English and Dutch for the
cod fishery.
Dogliani, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. N. E. Mon-
dori.
Doiagoi, isl. in the Frozen sea, at the entrance
of Waygat's straits. Lon. 57" 14' E. Lat. 70°
5'N.
Doira, r. Piedmont, which falls into the Po.
Dol, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 34 m. N.W.
Rennes. Lon. 1° 45' 3 " E. Lat. 48° 33' 8" N.
Dolce Aqua, t Sardinian states, 16 m. E. N. E.
Nice.
Dole, t. France, in Jura, on the Doubs, 23 m.
S. W. Besancon, 28 S. E. Dijon. Lon. 5° 30' E.
Lat. 47° 6' N. Pop. 8,250.
Dole La, one of the loftiest parts of the Jura
chain, between the French department of Jura,
and the Swiss canton of V'aud. Its summit is
5600 feet above the level of the sea.
Dolgelhj, t. Wales, in Merioneth, on the Avon,
40 m. S. Caernarvon. Lon. 4° 36' W. Lat. 52°
44' N. Pop. 3,064.
Dolhinoic, t. Russia, 70 m. E. Wilna.
Dollart Buy, or The Dollerl, a large arm of the
North sea, extending between EastFriesland, and
Groningen, to the mouth of the river Fans.
Dolnilz, I. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe, 15
m. below Meissen.
Dolo, II, t. in the Venetian territory, 8 m. E. N.
E. Padua. Pop. 8,000.
Dolorskoi, Ibrt, A. Russia, in Kolhyvane, on the
Irkutsk, 16 m. W. Semipolatnoi.
Dolphin Bay, in the straits of Magellan, on the
coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 76° 7' W.
Dolphin Cape, a headland, which forms the E.
point of the N. entrance into Falkland's sound.
Doma, r. S. America, which enters the Orinoco,
60 m. above the Meta.
Domaine, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada, which
flows into the St. r.awrcuce. 6 ra. below the island
of Orleans,
Domboo, t. Africa, on the caravan route from
Mourzouk to Bornou, 200 m. N. N. W. Bornou.
Domboo, salt lakes, Africa, on the N. extremity
of Bornou, and from which that kingdom, Cassi-
na, and the States S. of the Niger, are supplied
with salt
Domboo, t. Africa, on the S. of the Niger, 200
m. S. W. Cassina.
Domesnes, cape, Russia, in Courland, at the en-
trance of the gulf of Riga, in lon. 22° 16' E. and
lat. 57° 39' N.
Dornfront, t. France, 35 m. W. N. W. Alencon.
Lon. 34' VV. Lat. 48° 35' N.
Dominica, isl. in the West Indies, between lat.
15° 10' and l'5° 36' N. and between lon. 61° 17
and 61° 32' W. being 29 miles long, and 16 broad.
It contains 186,436 acres. The value of its ex-
ports, which consist of coflee, sugar, rum, cotton,
:md wooljin 1809 was 161,291^. and in 1810 39,686/.
The value of its imports during the same years is
stated at 315,584/. and 282,002/. Pop. in 1805,
26,499, viz. 1594 whites, 2,822 people of colour,
and 22,083 slaves. It belongs to the British.
Dominica, one of the Marquesas islands, 45
miles in circumference. Lon. 139° 3' W. Lat.
9° 39' S.
Domitz,'t. in Mecklenburg, on tlie Elbe, 34 m.
S. Schwerin. Lon. 11° 22' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Domiizsch, t. Prussian states, 10 m. S. Witten-
berg. Lon. 12° 56' E. Lat. 51'= 37' N.
Dommcl, r. Netherlands, which falls into the
Maese at Fort Crevecour.
Domstadt, t. Moravia, 10 m. N. E. Olmutz.
Domiis, t. Hind, in Gujerat, at the mouth of the
Tapty. Lon. 72° 53' E. Lat. 21^ 5' N.
Don, r. Scotland, rises in the N. W. part of
Aberdeen co. and falls into the sea north of Old
Aberdeen, after a course of 62 miles.
Don, (an. Tanais) r. Eu. Russia, rises in the gov-
ernment of Tula, and after a winding course of
1,100 miles, empties itself into the sea of Azoph.
Don, r. Up. Canada, runs into Lake Ontario at
York harbour.
Donaghadee, t. Ireland, in Down co. on the
coast of the Irish channel, 15 m. E. Belfast. Lon.
5° 25' W. Lat. 54° 37' N.
Donaldson' s, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
Donaldsonville, t. in the parish of Ascension.
Louisiana, on the VV. bank of the Mississippi, at
the efflux of the Lafourche,
Donaueschingen, t. Baden, 11m. W. Duttlin-
gcn. Lon. 8° 30' 25" E. Lat. 47° 57' N.
Donauirerth, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, at the
influx of the Wernitz, 25 m. N. Augsburg. Lon
10° 47' 3" E. Lat. 48° 43' 15" N.
Donawits, an arm of the Danube, which unites
that river with theTemesch, above Belgrade.
Donax, v. Piedmont, 3 m. S. E. Verrez.
Doncaster, t. Eng. in We=t Riding of Yorkshire,
on the Don. It is well built, and contains an ele-
gant church, several houses of worship for dissen-
ters, and a theatre, 18 m. N. E. Sheffield, 36 S,
York, and 162 N. London. Lon. 1° 1' W. Lat.
53° 27' N. Pop. 6,935.
Donchery, t. France; in Ardennes, on the Maese.
Lon. 4° 53' E. Lat. 49° 41' 50" N.
Donderkom's Point, a cape on the E. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 117<= 40' E. Lat. 0° 45' S.
Dondowang, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 1 18^
E. Lat. 5° 25' S.
Dondra Head, a low point of land, which forms
the S. extremity of Ceylon. Here is a populous
village. Lon. 80° 40' E. Lat. 5° 50^ N,
224
D O O
DOR
Donegal, co. Ireland, bounded N. and W. by
the Atlantic, E. by Londonderry and Tyrone, and
S. by Fermanagh and the bay of Ballyshannon. It
contains 1,725 sq. miles. Great part of the sur-
face is waste. The chief town is LifTord. Pop.
200,000.
Donegal, t. Ireland, in Donegal co. on a bay of
the same name, on the W. coast of the island, 9 m.
N.N.E. Ballyshannon, and 111 N. W. Dublin.
Donegal, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the N. E. side
of the Susquehannah, 18 m. W. N. W. Lancaster.
Pop. 3,516. There is another town of this name
in Washington co. Pop, 1,327; another in Butler
CO. Pop. 67 1 ; and another in Westmoreland co.
Pop. 2,147.
Doneraile, t. Ireland, 19 m. N. W. Cork.
Donetz, r. llussia, falls into the Don, in the
/Country of the Don Cossacks. It is navigable to
Izium.
Dongen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 6 m.
E. N. E . Breda.
Donges, t. France, on the Loire, near its mouth.
21m. W.N. W.Nantes.
Dongola, or Dankala, t. on the Nile, and cap. of
Nubia, 280 m. S. of Syene. Lon. 32° E. Lat. 19»
20' N.
Dongoiv, t. Birman empire, on the W. side of
the Irrawuddy river, 20 m. N. Loonsey.
Donkov, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Don, 560
m. S. S. E. Petersburgh. Pop. 2,100.
Donna Maria Bay, on the W. coast of the isl-
and of Plispaniola.
Donnington, or Dunnington, Eng. in Lincoln. It
has a good port for barges, which export hemp
and hemp-seed to Boston and the Washes ; 1 1 m.
W. S. W. Boston.
Donnington, v. Eng. in Berks, 2 m. N. N. W.
Newbury.
Donnington, or Castle Donnington, t. Eng. 18
m. N. Leicester. Pop. 2,308.
Donskaia, fort, A. Russia, the first of a chain of
posts between the sea of Azoph and the Caspian.
116 m. N. N. W. Ekaterinograd.
Donskaia, fort. A. Russia, on the Don ; 220 m.
E. N. E. Azoph.
Donski Cossacks, or Cossacks of the Don. See
Cossacks.
Donseres, t. France, in Drome, 7 m. S. Monteli-
mart. Pop. 1,500.
Donsy, t. France, in Nievre, 8 m. E. Cosne.
Lon. 2°' 55' E. Lat. 47° 22' N.
Donzy, t. France, in Loire, with extensive iron
forges, 5 m. N. E. Feurs.
Doo, r. Africa, which falls into the gulf of
Guinea. Lon. 2° 40' E. Lat. 6° 20' N.
Dooab, the name of several districts of India,
signifying a tract of land between two rivers ;
but chiefly applied to the territory between the
Ganges and Jumna, comprehended in the provin-
ces of Delhi, Agra, and Allahabad. It now be-
longs entirely to the British ; and is a fine pro-
ductive country, yielding every kind of grain,
tobacco, cotton, indigo, and sugar, in abundance.
The inhabitants are nearly equally Hindoos and
Mahometans.
Dooabeh Barry, district. Hind, in Lahore, be-
tween the Beyah and Ravey rivers.
Dooabeh Jallinder, district, Hind, in Lahore,
between the Sutteledge and Beyah rivers. It is
esteemed the most fruitful of all the Seik posses-
sions.
Doolabary, t. Bengal, on the Atri river. Lon.
88° 50' E. Lat 24° 39' N.
Doondeakera, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Ganges,
Lon. 80° 40' E. Lat. 26° 12' N.
Doornspyck, v. Netherlands, in Guelderland,
near the Zuyder Zee, 3 m. S. W. Elburg.
Dooryghaut, t. Hind, in Benares, on the Gogra.
Lon. SSC' 31' E. Lat. 26° 15' N.
Dooshak, or Julallabad, t. Persia, oap. of Seis-
tan. Lon. 61° 13' E. Lat. 31'^ 26' N. It contains
2,000 houses.
Dorak, or Felahi, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, cele-
brated for the manufacture of Arabian cloak^
which are exported in great numbers. Pop. 8,000.
75 m. S. Shuster.
Doran, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 28 m. S. Sana.
Lon. 44° 4' E. Lat. 14° 55' N.
Dorat, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 28 m. N.
Limoges. Lon. 1° 9' E. Lat. 46° 13' N. Pop.
3,100.
Dorchester, t. Eng. in Oxford co. on the Thames,
9 m. E. Oxford, 49 W. N. W. London.
Dorchester, i. Eng. cap. of Dorset co. There
are 3 churches; 3 alms-houses; a county jail,
erected after the plan of Mr. Howard, at the ex-
pense of 16,179/. This town is a borough, re-
turning 2 members to parliament. Pop. 2,546.
119 m. W. London. Lon. 2° 25' W. Lat. 50®
43' N.
Dorchester, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of
the St. Lawrence, and extending along the E.
bank of the Chaudiere.
Dorchester, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada.
Dorchester, t. Grafton co. N. H. 42 m. N. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 537.
Dorchester, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 3 m. S. S. E.
Boston. Pop. 2,930. It is an ancient town, hav-
ing been settled in 1630. It contains many
beautiful country seats, and 4 houses of public
worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Meth-
odists. The peninsula, called Dorchester neck,
borders on Boston liarbor, and a part of it is in-
corporated with the town of Boston.
Dorchester, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the E.
side of Morris river, 5 m. from its mouth, 17 E.
Fairfield.
Dorchester, co. Md. on the eastern shore of the
Chesapeake, bounded N. by Talbot and Caroline
counties, E. by Delawaie, S. and W. by Chesa-
peake bay. Pop. 18,108. Slaves,5,032. Chief
town, Cambridge.
Dorchester, p-t. and cap. Colleton district, S. C.
on Ashley river, 18 m. W. N. W. Charleston.
Dordogne, r. France, which rises in Auvcrgne,
and falls into the Garonne, at Bourg, 15 m. below
Bourdeaux. The united river takes the name of
Gironde. The course of the Dordogne is above
200 miles.
Dordogne, a department of France, adjoining
the departments of the Gironde, Charente, and
Correze. It contains 3,600 sq. miles, and 425,000
inhabitants. Wine, oil, and catUe, form the
chief articles of export.
Dojflingen, V. Switz. 4 m. E. by N. SchafT-
hausen.
Dorho, or Dradate, port, Africa, on the Red
sea, withagood harbor, 36 m. N. Suakem.
Dorking, or Darking, t. Eng. in Surrey, 23 m.
S. S. W. London. Pop. 3,259.
Dornoch, or Dornegg, t. Switz. in Soleure, 6
m. S. Bale, 20 N. N. E. Soleure.
Dornburg, t. Germany, 5 m. N. Jena. Lon.
n°40'E. Lat. 51° 2' N.
Domhan^ t. Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest.
D O U
40 m. S. W. Stuttgard. Lon. 8° 33' E. Lat. 48°
17' N.
Domheim, t. of the grand duchy of Hesse, 5 m.
W. Darmstadt
Dornoch, s-p. Scotland, in Sutherland co. on
the N. coast of the frith of Dornoch, 21 1 m. N.
Edinburgh. Lat. 57° 50' N. Lon. 4° W.
Donistefien, t. Wirtemberg, 32 m. E. Strasburg.
Lon. 8° 35' E. Lat. 48° 28' xN.
Dorobat, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 12 m. W. Taas,
Dorogobush, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensko, on
the Dnieper, 46 m. E. N. E. Smolensko.
Dorpal, t. Eu. Russia, in Livonia. A univer-
sity has been established here since 1802, with a
revenue of from 10,000 to 15,000/. sterling. 65
m. S. W. Narva, 120 N. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25° 28'
9" E. Lat. 58° 22' 45" N. Pop. 4,500.
Dorset, co. Eng. bounded N. by Somerset and
Wilts, E. by Hampshire, S. by the British chan-
nel, and \V. by Devon and Somerset. It contains
1,129 sq. miles, or 711,270 acres, of which 153,588
are arable, and 300,000 pasture, meadow, com-
mon, and downs. Pop. in 1811, 124,693; fami-
lies, 26,821, of which number 12,982 were en-
gaged in agriculture, and 9,607 in trade and man-
ufactures. Great attention is paid to the breed-
ing of sheep, and it is computed that the colmty
contains 800,000 of these animals.
Dorset, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 27 m. N. Ben-
nington. Pop. 1,294.
Dorsten, t. of the grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 40 m. S. W. Munster. Lon. 6° 57' 40" E.
Lat. 51° 40' 3" N.
Dort, t. Netherlands, in S. Holland, on an isl-
and formed by the Maese and the Biesboch. It
was first detached from the mainland by a dread-
ful inundation, which happened in 1421, and
breaking down the dykes, swept away 72 villages,
in which 100,000 persons perished. 'The situation
is highly favourable for trade, and the harbor suf-
ficiently commodious; goods may be landed in
the very heart of the city by means of the canals.
The timber, which is brought in immense floats on
the Rhine from Germany, is either prepared for
different uses in the saw mills which skirt the
town, or exported unwrought to Britain, Spain,
and PortugEil. — In 1457, this place was in great
part destroyed by fire : in 1618 and 1619 was held
the famous synod of Dort, an assembly of Protes-
tant divines, which condemned the tenets of Ar-
minius. 1 1 m. S. E. Rotterdam, 36 S. by W. Am-
sterdam. Lon. 4° 39' 42" E. Lat. 51° 48' 54" N.
Pop. 19,400.
Dortmund, t. Prussian states, in the province of
Westphalia, on the Ems, 40 m. N. N. E. Cologne.
Lon. 7° 26' 41" E. Lat. 51° 31' 24" N. Pop.
6,000.
Dossolo, t. Lombardy, on the Po, 18 m. S. S. W.
Mantua.
Dothan, in Sac. Geog. a place in the N. part of
Samaria, 12 m. N. of the city of Samaria, 44 N.
Jerusalem, 6 W. Tiberias.
Dovarese, t. Lombardy, near the Oglio, 24 m.
W. N. W. Mantua.
Douarnenez, s-p. France, in Finisterre, 20 m. S.
Brest. Lon. 4° 14' W. Lat, 48° 5' N.
Douay, a strong t. France, on the small but
navigable river Scarpe. It contains a university,
schools for drawing, medicine, and mathematics,
and a physical cabinet, a chemical laboratory, a
botanic garden, and a public library. This place
has long been celebrated for its English schools ;
and a number of Roman CathoVio voutbs from
29
D O V
225
England and Ireland are sent thither foi* their ed-
ucation. Pop. 18,000. 15 m. N. W. Cambray,
83 N. N. E. Paris. Lon. 3°. 5' 2" E. Lat. 50® ST
12" N.
Double-bridge, p-v. Lunenburg co, Va.
Double Point, cape, on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 214° 1' W. Lat. 17° 50' S.
Doubs, or Doux, r. France. It rises in the Jura
mountains, and forms, for some distance, the
boundary between France and Switzerland. It
falls into the Saone at Verdun. It has long been
in contemplation to connect this river by a canal
with the 111, and thus open a communication be-
tween the Rliine and the Rhone.
Doubs, a department of France, bordering on
Switzerland, and watered by the river Doubs.
Pop. 227,000.
Doudecille, t. France, in Lower Seine, 25 m. N.
N. W. Rouen.
Doue, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. S.W.
Saumur.
Dove, T. Eng. which falls into the Trent below
Burton.
Dove, cape, on the coast of Nova Scotia. Lon.
64° W. Lat. 44° 20' N.
Dove Island, small isl. in Torres strait, on the
N. coast of New Holland.
Dover, s-p. Eng. in Kent, situated in a valley
almost surrounded by chalky clifis. It is defended
by a strong and spacious castle, including an area
of about 35 acres; and all the neighbouring
heights are fortified. The castle occupies a lofty
eminence, steep and rugged towards the town and
harbor, and presents a precipitous cliff" 320 feet
higher than the sea. Dover is one of the Cinque
Ports, and a borough, returning 2 members to
parliament. The harbor can receive vessels of
400 or 500 tons, and is defended by strong batte-
ries. It is the principal place of embarkation to
France, and employs 27 packets for that purpose.
The channel is about 22 miles wide. Samphire is
still gatliered from the clifFs, as in the days of
Shakspeare. Pop. 9,074. 8 m. fr. Deal, 16 fr,
Canterbury, 72 E. S. E. London. Lon. 1° 19' E.
Lat. 51° 6' N.
Dover, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on lake St.
Clair, at the mouth of the Thames.
Dover, p-t. and cap. Strafford co. N. H. 12 m.
N. N. W. Portsmouth. Lat. 43° 1 1' N. Lon. 70°
50' W. Pop. 2,228. The village is at the head
of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. above its
junction with Salmon Fall river. It is an ancient
town, having been incorporated in 1633, and con-
tains a court-house; a jail; a bank; a printing-
office ; and 2 houses for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for Friends. It has va-
rious mills and manufacturing establishments, and
daily communication with Portsmouth by a pack-
et boat.
Dover, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on Charles river, 7
m. W. Dedham, 16 S. W. Boston. Pop. 548.
Dover, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 21 m. E. Pough-
keepsie, 100 S. Albany. Pop. 2,146. It oontains
2 meeting-houses for Quakers, 1 for Baptists, and
1 for Presbyterians.
Dover, t. Monmouth co. N. J. between Shrews-
bury and New Stratford. Pop. 1,882.
Dover, p-t. York co. Pa. on Fox run, which
falls into Conewago creek, near its mouth in the
Susquehannah. Pop. 1,882.
Dover, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, and cap. of the
State, on Jones' creek, about 5 m. from its mouth
in Delaware l:*iy, 48 m. p. Witmiriftpa. 78 S. ^.
DOW
D R A
W. Philadelpliia. Lat. 39° W N. Lon. 75° 24'
W. It contains 2 places of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians, and 1 for Episcopalians, and more
than 100 houses. There are 4 streets, which in-
tersect each other at right angles, and leave in
the centre of the town a spacious square, on the
east side of which is an elegant State-house. —
The town has a lively appearance, and carries on
considerable trade with Philadelphia, chiefly in
flour.
Dover, p-t. and cap. Stuart co. Ten. on Cum-
lierland river, 317 m. fr. Murfreesboro'.
Dover, p-t. Cuyalioga co. Ohio, on lake Erie.
Dover, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Dover mills, p-v. Goochland co. Va.
Douglas, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 38 m. S. W.
"Edinburgh.
Douglas, small r. Scotland, which falls into the
Clyde, 7 m. below Douglas.
Douglas, s-p. of the Isle of Man. Pop. 2,631.
Lon. 40 44' W. Lat. 54° 9' N.
Douglass, p-t.Worcester co. Mass. 17 m. S. Wor-
cester. Pop. 1,142.
Douglass, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side
of the Schuylkill. Pop. 687.
Douglass, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 660.
Douglas Cape, the W. point at the entrance in-
to Cook's inlet. Lon. 152° 39' W. Lat. 58° 52' N.
Douglas Island, between Admiralty island and
the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 58° 16' N.
Douglass-mills, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Douletabad. See Doivlatahad.
Doulevant, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 m. S.
W. Joinville.
Doullens, t. France, in Somme, 15 m. N. Amiens.
Lon. 2° 25' E. Lat. 50° SV N. Pop. 3,000.
Doune, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the river
Teith, near the confluence of the Ardoch, 8 m.
N. W, Stirling, 43 W. Edinburgh.
Dour, r. Eng. falls into the Munnow, 12 m. N.
W. Monmouth.
Dour, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m. W. S.
W. Mons.
Dourdan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 18 m.
S. S. W. Versailles.
Dourlach, isl. of the Mediterranean, in the
gulf of Smyrna. Lon. 26° 36' E. Lat. 38° 31' N.
Douro, or Duero, lai^e r. Spain, which rises on
the borders of Arragon, and flowing W. into Por-
tugal, runs into the Atlantic, a little below Oporto.
Douvaines, t. Switz. 14 m. N. E. Geneva.
Douvres, t. France, in Calvados, 9 m. W.
Cain.
Dory, or Dyffi, r. Wales, falls into Cardigan
bay, about 7 m. N. Aberystwith.
Douze, La, r. France, which rune into the Adour
below Tartas.
Douzy, t. France, in Nievre, 11 m. E. S. E.
Cosne. Pop. 3,600.
* Dowlatabad, formerly called Deoghir, a cele-
brated city, and fortress, of Hind, in Aurungabad.
It is considered as the key of the Deccan. Lon.
76° 2' E. Lat. 19° 52' N.
Down, CO. Ireland, bounded N. by Antrim and
an anil of the sea, E. and S. by the Irish sea, and
W. by Armagh. It contains 936 sq. miles, or
559,995 acres. The principal manufactures are
linen and muslin. Pop. about 200,000, the half
of which are Roman Catholics.
Down, or Doirn-Patrick, t. Ireland, cap. of
Down CO. It has a good linen market, and car-
ries on cooaderable trade. It is celebrated as
being the place of St. Patrick's interment. 20 m".
S. E. Belfast, 74 N. E. Dublin. Lon. 5° 39' W.
Lat. 54° 28' N. Pop. 5,000.
Downe, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,501..
Downham. t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the river
Ouse, 1 1 m. S. Lynn.
Downie, t. Central Africa, on the Niger, 25 m.
W. S. W. Tombuctoo.
Downingtown, p-t. Chester co. Pa. on the E-
side of Brandywine creek, 33 m. W. by N. Phila-
delphia.
Downs, a road in the English channel, lying ofl
Deal. See Deal.
DmciUon, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 6 m. S. Salisbu-
ry. Pop. 2,624.
Doylestovm, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. N. W.
Newton, 26 N. Philadelphia.
Doylesville, p-v. Feliciana co. Louisiana.
Draaiya, t. Arabia, the capital of a new reli-
gious sect called Wahabee, . 160 leagues S. E. Je-
rusalem.
Drac, r. France, which falls into the Isere near
Grenoble.
Dracut, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the N. side
of the Merrimack, at Patucket falls, 28 m. N. N.
W. Boston. Pop. 1,301.
Dradate. See Dorho.
Draga, small r. Istria, which falls into the
Adriatic, between Parenzo and Rovigno.
Dragante, r. A. Turkey, in Caramania, which
runs into the Mediten-anean, 20 m. N. N.E. Ane-
mur.
Dragoe, small t. Denmark, in the island of A-
mack, 6 ni. S. E. Copenhagen.
Dragone, r. Naples, which rises on Mount Ve-
suvius, and falls into the Sarno.
Dragonera, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 13 m. N,
Volturara.
Draguignan, t. France, cap. of the dep. of the
Var, is situated in a fertile and agreeable plain,
35 m. N. E. Toulon. Lon. 6° 28' 38" E. Lat. 43®
32' 18" N. Pop. 7,860.
Draha. See Darah.
Drake, a port on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 37° 58' N.
Drakensitin, a district of the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, in an extensive valley, about
30 or 40 miles from Cape Town, which embraces
some of the most fertile land in the colony, and in
it are made two-thirds of the wine brought to the
Cape.
Drakia, v. Greece, in Magnesia, in the neigh-
bourhood of Larissa.
Drama, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, 15 m. N.
E.Emboli.
Drammen, t. Norway, on the Drammer, 20 m.
S. W. Christiania. Pop. 6,000.
Drance, r. Switz. which runs through the Low-
er Valais, and falls into the Rhone, before the lat-
ter reaches the lake of Geneva.
Dransfeld, t. Hanover, 6 m. S. W. Gottingen.
Dras. See Kishme.
Drauburg, Upper and Lower, 2 small towns of
the Austrian dominions, in Carinthia. The for-
mer is in the circle of Villach, 42 m. E. N. E.
Brixen, 65 W. Clagenfurt, in lon. 14° 42' E; and
lat. 46° 44' N. Lower Drauburg is 112 m. S. S.
W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 53' E. Lat. 46° 40' N.
Drave, or Drau, r. which rises near Inuichen^
in Tyrol, and separating Croatia and Sclavonia
from Hungary, falls into the Danube below Es-
sek. It is navigable to Villach.
D R I
D R O
227
«■ Drausen, lake, W. Prussia, which commuui-
eates with the Frische Haf, near Elbingen.
Drayton^ t. Eng. in Shropshire, on the river
Tern, 18 m. N. N. E. Shrewsbury. Pop. 3,370.
Dreghorny v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 5 m. W.
Kilmarnock.
Drengfurl, t. E. Prussia, 48 m. S. E. Koaigs-
berg.
Drcnnelhurg, t. Hesse Cassel, 18 m. N. N. W.
Cassel.
i)/-fw//ie, -province of the Netherlands, bounded
N. by Groningen, S. by Overyssel, W. by Fries-
land. It contains 46,480 inhabitants, on 818 sq^.
miles.
Drepano, (an. Panorm7is,) a bay and harbor of
the Morea, in the gulf of Lepanto, 64 m. W. by
N.Corinth.
Dresden^ city, Germany, cap. of Saxony, and
one of the best built towns in Europe, is beauti-
fully situated on both sides of the Elbe, at the
influx of the Weisseritz. This city has long been
noted for the fine arts ; the collection of the works
©f great masters, affording inducements for artists
to repair thither. It contains 11 Lutheran church-
es, 2 Catholic, and 1 Calvinist. The reyal pal-
ace, a spacious but irregular structure, has a
tower 355 feet in height, and a number of re-
markable apartments, particularly the well known
green vault, divided into 8 rooms, all paved with
•marble, and containing statues, ivory work, sil-
ver plate, vases, and precious stones. Among
the other public buildings and institutions, are
the arsenal; the Dutch and Japanese palace,
which contains the royal library, said to con-
sist of 150,000 volumes ; an academy for cadets
of noble faoiily ; a military school ; and the house
of industry^ which finds employment for more
than 3,000 individuals. The principal manufac-
tures are those of mirrors, tapestry, lace, jewel-
lery, porcelain, earthenware, and in particular,
of plaited straw. The population of Dresden has
been for some time diminishing. In 1755, it was
63,000; in 1788, 53,000; in 1801, 48,000; in
1811, 45,000. On the 26th and 27th August,
1813, the combined Austrian and Russian army
attacked the city, but were obliged to retire ; but
it was afterwards obliged to capitulate on 6th No-
vember, 1813. 55 m. S. E. Leipsic, 81 N. N. W.
Prague, 100 S. E. Berlin. Lon. 13° 43' 1" E.
Lat. 51°2'50"N.
Dresden, p-t Lincoln co. Maine, on both sides
of the Kennebec, 8 m. N. W, Wiscasset. Pop.
1,096.
Dresden, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the
Muskingum, 15 m. N. Zanesville.
Dreux, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 45 m. W.
S.W. Paris, 55 S. S. E. Rouen. Lon. 1° 21' 39"
E. Lat. 48° 44' 17" N. Pop. 5,450.
Dribenfs, r. Prussia, which runs into the Vistu-
la, 6 m. S. E. Thorn.
Driburg, t. of the Prussian states, in West-
phalia, 10 m. N. E. Paderborn. Lon. 9° 0' 21" E
Lat. 51° 44' 31" N.
Driesen, t. Prussian states, on the Netze, 52 m.
E. N. E. Custrim. Lon. 15^ 49' E. Lat. 52°
50' N.
Driffield, Great, i. Eng. in Yorkshire, 23 m. fr.
Hull."
Drighlington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. fr.
Leeds.
Drimana Point, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast
of the bay of Donegal, 3 m. E, Killybegs.
Drin, r. which runs into the Save, 32 m. W.
Sabacz.
Drino, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs by seven
mouths into the Adriatic, below Alessio, forming
several islands, and a gulf called the gulf of Dri-
no. It is navigable for large rafts for nearly 100
miles.
Drino, r. Eu. Turkey, which separates Bosnia
from Servia, and falls into the Save, below Dri-
novar.
Dripping ^rings, p-v. Warren co. Ken.
Drissa, t. Eu. Russia, in Witepsk, on the Dwi-
na, at the influx of the Drissa, 20 m. W. N. W.-
Polotzk, 272 S. St. Petersburg.
Drogheda, s-p. Ireland, in Louth, intersected
by the river Boyne. The harbor has a bar at the
entrance, which ships of burden cannot pass, ex-
cept at high water. Considerable trade is car-
ried on in the exportation of corn, and in the im-
portation of coals, which are distributed into the
interior by means of a canal. Drogheda returns
one member to the imperial parliament. Pop.
15,000. 23 m. N. Dublin. Lon. 6° 22' W. Lat.
53° 43' N.
Droitwich, t. Eng. in Worcester, on the Sal-
warpe. Here is a canal, about 6 milear long,
which admits vessels of 60 tons, and communi-
cates with the river Severn. It contains extensive
salt-works, from which 700,000 bushels are ob-
tained annually. The springs are found about
110 feet below the surface, and the brine contains
about one-fourth of its own weight in salt. Droit-
wich is a borough, returning 2 members to par-
liament. Pop. 2,079. 6 m. N. N. E. Worcester,
118 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 2' W. Lat. 52»
18' N.
Dromcliff, v. Ireland, 3 m. N. Sligo.
Drome, r. France, which falls into the Rhone,
between Montelimart and Valence.
Drome, department of France, bounded by the
departments of the Isere, Upper Alps, Lower
Alps, and Vaucluse : the Rhone washes it on the
west. Pop. 253,500. Valence is the capital.
Dromera, s-p. on the Ivory coast of Africa, 120
m. N. E. Cape Palmas.
Dromore, t. Ireland, Down co. 15 m. S. W. Bel-
fast, 66 N. Dublin.
Dromore, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. side of
the Susquehannah, 17 m. S. Lancaster. Pop. 1,295.
Dronero, t. Piedmont, 42 m. W. N. W. Coni.
Pop. 6,350.
Dronjield, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. N. Ches-
terfield.
Drontheim, the most northern of the four grand
baillages or dioceses of Norway, and situated on
the W. coast, between Bergen, Aggerhuus, the
Swedish frontier, and Norrland. Pop. in 1769,
105,238, and in 1814, 138,690.
Drontheim, t. Norway, formerly the capital, is
on an arm of the sea, by which the town is nearly
surrounded. The situation is very favourable for
trade, being the point of union of 4 great valliea
in Norway, and not inconvenient for communica-
tion with Sweden. The entrance of the harbor is
hazardous, but the interior is perfectly safe. The
chief exports are copper, iron, timber, and fish.
The imports consist chiefly of groceries, cloths,
wine, and corn. Pop. in 1814, 8,832. 235 m. N.
E. Bergen, 270 N. W. Stockholm. Lon. 10° 23"
E. Lat. 63° 25' N.
Drosendorf, t. and district. Lower Austria, on
the Theya, 46 m. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 1-5® 34' E.
Lat.4«°45'N.
228
D S J
DUB
Drossen, t. Prussian States, New Mark of Bran-
denburg, 14 m. E. Frankfort on the Oder. Lat.
62® 30' N.
Drou-ned Lands, a tract of low land, in Orange
CO. N. Y. extending on both sides of Wallkill
creek 10 miles, with a breadth of from 3 to 5
miles. They are overflowed in winter, and when
drained are very fertile.
Drowned Meadow, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk
CO. N. Y. 3 m. E. Stony-brook.
Droylsden, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. fr. Man-
chester.
Drumlanrig, v. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, 13
m. N. W. Dumfries.
Drumlithie, v. Scotland, in Kincardine, 7^ m.
fr. Laurencekirk.
Drwnmond''s Island, lies in lake Huron, N. A-
merica, at the mouth of the strait leading into
lake Superior, 4 or 5 miles from the Canada shore,
36N.E. Mackinaw. Lat. 46° 23' 58" N. It is
45 miles in circumference. On the S. side is a
spacious harbor, one of the best on the lake, shel-
tered from every wind, and entered by two nar-
row deep channels. Here is a British garrison of
about 140 men. Many thousand Indians of vari-
ous tribes, within the region extending S. W. and
N. W. 5 or 600 miles, resort annually in the sum-
mer, to Drummond's island, to receive presents
from the British Government. The annual value
of these presents, besides a large sum in provis-
ions, is at least 4,000/. sterling, bestowed on the
Indians as a reward for their services during the
late war.
Drummondtown, p-t. and cap. Accomac co. Va.
^0 m. fr. Belhaven, 207 fr. Richmond.
Drunen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 15
IB. E. N. E. Breda.
Drusenheim, t. Prance^ in Lower Rhine, 15 m.
N. E. Strasburg.
Druses, a free and warlike race of people of
Syria, who inhabit the Castravan mountains, Leb-
anon, Anti-Lebanon, and all the coast from Gibail
to Saide, and E. as far as Balbec. Their country
is about 100 sq. leagues in extent, and contains
120,000 inhabitants, of whom about 40,000 are
able to bear arms. They are divided into a num-
ber of religious sects, some of which entertain
•very peculiar opinions. The government seems
to be a mixed form, in which the emir or prince is
the chief, uniting in his own person the civil and
military powers. The Druses are in general
tierce, restless, and enterprising : their bravery
even approaches to temerity. They pay tribute
to the Turks.
Druten, v. Netherlands, 8 m. W. N. W. Nime-
§*uen.
Druyn, t. on the Ivory coast of Africa, at the
mouth of the river St. Andrew. Lon. 4° 5' W.
Dryburgh, v. Scotland, on the Tweed, in Ber-
wickshire.
Dryden, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. on Seneca
lake, 36 m. S. Auburn, 170 W. Albany. Pop.
1,890.
Drygalkn, t. E. Prussia, 24 m. S. W. Oletzko.
Lon. 22'^ 6' 25" E. Lat. 53^ 40' 29" N.
Dryridge, p-v. Pendleton co Ken.
Dschaabar. See Giabbar.
Dsjar, s-p. Arabia, in Hedsjas, on the Red sea,
supposed to be tlie Ezio7igeber mentioned in
scripture. 67 m. W. Medina. Lat. 33° 36' N.
Dsjobla, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 60 m. N. E.
Mocha.
D^of, ail exteiitive province «f Arabia, in Ye»
men, divided into 3 districts. Mareb is its prin-
cipal town.
Duanesburg, p-t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 23 m.
W. Albany. Pop. 3,052. It is an elevated tract,
being 400 or 500 feet above the level of the Plud-
son, and commands a most extensive prospect. In
Mad creek, a branch of Norman's kill, there is a
perpendicular fall of 70 feet.
Duara, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 20 m. E. N. E.
Spalatro. Lon. 15° 20' E. Lat. 43° 23' N.
Duben, t. Prussia, on the road from Leipzic to
Berlin, and on the banks oftheMulda. Popula-
tion 2,200. 18 miles N. E. Leipzic, and 18 S. E.
of Wittenberg. Lon. 12° 35' E. Lat. 51° 25' N.
Dubitza, t. and fort, Eu. Turkey, on the Unna,
near its influx into the Save, and opposite the
Austrian town of the same name. Pop. 6,000.
12 m. N. E. Kostainitza. Lon. 16° 45' E. Lat. 45°
11' N.
Dublin, CO. Ireland, bounded E. by the Irish sea,
N. by Meath, W. by Meath and Kildare, and S.
by Wicklow. It contains 355 square miles, or
228,21 1 acres. The southern part of the county
is rocky and mountainous, in other parts it is flat.
In the vicinity of Dublin the lands are fertile and
luxuriant, but in more remote parts agriculture is
not in a flourishing state. Pop. in 1790, 210,000.
Dublin, the metropolis of Ireland, is situated on
both sides of the Liffey, within a mile of Dublin
bay, which is of a circular form, and about six miles
in diameter. Though spacious, this bay is not safe,
being exposed to winds from the E. and S. E. but
this defect has been in part obviated by a very strong
wall of cut stone, extending 3 miles directly into
the bay. The Liffey is embanked on either side
with a noble wall of freestone, forming a range of
beautiful and spacious quays through the whole-city.
Besides the advantages resulting from the vicinity
of Dublin to the sea, there are two canals which
terminate here, and open an extensive inland com-
munication with various seaports at opposite ex-
tremities of the island. These canals are naviga-
ted by boats of 60 tons burden, and by means rf
them extensive districts in Ireland are supplied
with foreign goods from Dublin. The amount of
import duties alone, paid here in 1817, was
945,000Z. Few cities can boast of a greater num-
ber of magnificent and useful buildings ; among
these are the castle, near the centre of the city ;
the Royal Exchange, a beautiful edifice, of Port-
land stone ; the Commercial buildings ; the new-
ly erected Corn-exchange ; the Linen hall, a vast
and massy pile of buildings, forming a magazine
for this staple manufacture of Ireland ; the cus-
tom house, finished in 1790, at an expense of
255,000/. ; the government wet docks ; the stamp
office and post office ; Nelson's pillar, a fluted
column 130 feet high ; the Parliament-house, now
converted into the national bank; the court of
justice, and Trinity college. Trinity college is a
university founded by queen Elizabeth, and con-
sisting of a provost, seven senior and eighteen jun-
ior fellows, and seventy scholars. Besides these,
there are variotis royal, and privately endowed as
well as university professorships. Graduates and
students in any one of the three universities of Ox-
ford, Cambridge, and Dublin, are by established
usage admitted ad eundtm in either of the other two.
The number of students in 1818 was 1,209. The
library contains 68,946 volumes. The university
sends one member to parliament. Dublin con--
tains 19 parishes, 2 catliedrals, 19 parish church-
es, besides several chaptJls of the cstablisked relf
D U F
D U M
229
''iou ; 2 meeting-houses of the Church of Scotland,
? of other dissenters, 4 of Methodists, 2 of Qua-
kers, 1 Lutheran Danish, 1 French Calvinist, and
about 26 Roman Catholic chapels. The city of
Dublin returns two members to parliament.
Houses, 16,458. Pop. 187,939. 60 m. W. Holy-
head in Wales, 330 N. W. London. Lon. 6° 15'
W. Lat. 53° 21' N.
JDublin, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 34 m. S. W.
Concord, 12 E. S. E. Keene. Pop. 1,184. In
tliis town is Grand Monadnock mountain.
Dublin, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 970.
Dublin, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop, 820.
Dublin, Lower, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop.
2,194.
Dublin, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 10 m. N.
E.Philadelphia. Pop. 1,050.
Dublin, p-t. and cap. Laurens co. Geo. on the
W. bank of the Oconee, 55 m. fr. Milledgeville.
Dublin, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on Scioto river,
12m.N. W.Columbus.
Dubno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, on the Irwa.
Pop. 6,600. The majority are Jews, who carry
on an extensive trade in cattle, wood, and raw
produce. 24 m. S. S. E. Lucko. Lon. 32° 45' 38"
E. Lat. 43° 21' 55" N.
Duboi, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73° 35' E.
Lat. 22° 4' N.
Dubois, CO. Indiana.
Dubosari, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the
Dniester, 30 m. N. W. Bender.
Duhose' s ferry, p-v. Sumpter co. S. C.
Dvhrouna, t. Eu. Russia, in Mohilev, on the
Dnieper. Pop. 2,400. 50 m. N. Mohilev.
Dubrovnik. See Ragvsa.
Ducato, Cape, in the Ionian sea, the S. point of
the island of Santa Maura.
Duchat, small r; Indiana, flows from the N. into
the Wabash, between Fort Harrison and Tippe-
canoe creek.
Duchene, r. Lower Canada, runs from the N.
into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle Jesus. Lon.
71° 54' W. Lat. 46° 45' N.
Duchenparah^ t. Cashmere. Lon. 74° 58' E.
Lat. 34° 51' N.
Duck, r. Tennessee, which rises on the W. side
of the Cumberland mountains, and running N. W.
flows into the Tennessee 57 m. W. Nashville, in
lat. 36° N. It is navigable for boats 90 miles.
Duck river, small r. Michigan Territory, which
flows into the W. side of Green-bay, about 3 miles
from Fort-Howard.
Duck creek. See Smyrna.
Duck creek, hundred, Kent co. Del. Pop. 3,690.
Duck creek, Ohio, runs into Ohio river, a mile
above the mouth of the Muskingum.
Duckinjield, t. Eng, Cheshire, 6 m. N. E. Stock-
port. Pop. 3,053.
Duddingston, v. Scotland, Edinburgh co.
Duderstadt, t. Hanover, 14m.E.N.E.Gottingen.
Dudley, t. Eng. in Worcester co. The inhabi-
tants are principally engaged in the manufacture
Df nails and other articles of iron. Pop. in 1811,
13,925. 8i m. W. Birmingham, and 118 N. W.
London.
Dudley, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. S.
Worcester. Pop. 1,226.
Dvdswell, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
3t. Francis river, 20 m. N. E. Ascot.
Duero. See Douro.
Duff Point, cape, in Broughton's archipelago,
>n the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 50° 4«' N.
Duff'' s forks, p-y. Fayette co. Ohio.
Duff^a Group, islands, 11 in number, in the Pa-
cific ocean, discovered by capt. Wilson, in his
missionary voyage in the ship Dufl! Lon. 167°
E. Lat. 9° 57' S.
Dugga, (an Thugga) t. Tunis, 70 m. S. S. W.
Tunis.
Duin, s-p. Carniola, in the gulf of Trieste 8 m.
N. W. Trieste. Lon. 13^ 37' E. Lat. 45° 53' N.
Duino, r. Quito, which falls into the Aguarico
in Lon. 76° 6' W. lat. 0° 4' N.
Duisburg, t. Prussian states, on the Rhine, 13
m. N. Dusseldorf, and 35 N. W. of Cologne. Lon.
6° 45' 39" E. Lat. 51° 26' 4" N. Pop, 4,000.
Duke''s CO. Mass. comprises Martha's Vineyard
island, Chabaquiddick island, Noman's island and
the Elizabeth Islands. Pop. 3,290. Chief town,
Edgartown.
Duke of Gloucester'' s Islands, 2 small islands in
the Pacific ocean. Lat. 20° 38' S. Lon. 146° W.
Duke of York's Island, in the Pacific ocean, ly-
ing in St. George's channel, which divides New
Ireland and New Britain. Lon. 151° 20' E. Lat.
4° 9' S. There is another island of this name in
lon. 187° 30' E. Lat. 7° 56' S. Another cluster
of islands in lon. 227° 15' to 228° 15' E. lat. 55° 50'
to 56° 34' N.
Duke's Toum. See Old Calabar.
Dulce, r. Costa Rica, which runs into the Span-
ish main. Lon. 84° 16' W. Lat. 8° 33' N.
Duke, a river of Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic in lat. 16° S.
Dulce Gulf, on the coast of Vera Paz, connect-
ed by a strait with the bay of Hojiduras. Lon.
89°50' W. Lat,150 18'N.
Dulcigno, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Upper Albania,
on the Adriatic, 17 m. S. W. Scutari. Lon. 18°
56' E. Lat. 42° 23' N.
Duleek, v. Ireland, Meath co. 6 m. S. S. W.
Drogheda.
Dulken, t. Prussian states, 20 m. N. N. W. Ju-
liers. Pop. 4,000.
Dulmen,t. Westphalia, 16 m. S. W. Munster
Lon. 7° 15' E. Lat. 51° 50' N.
Dulverton, t. Eng. in Somerset, 13 m. fr. South
Moulton.
Dulwich, V. Eng. in Surrey, 5 m. S. E. London.
Dumbarton, co. Scotland, bounded N. by Perth-
shire, E. by Stirling and Lanark, S. by the river
Clyde and Renfrewshire, and W. by Lochlong, an
arm of the sea,, and by Argyleshire. It consists
of two detached portions, separated by an interval
of six miles. It contains 230 square miles, or
147,000 English acres. Pop. in 1811, 21,739.
Upwards of 3,000 persons of both sexes are em-
ployed in manufactures.
Dumbarton, t. Scotland, cap. of Dumbarton co,
is situated near the confluence of the Leven with
the Clyde. The principal manufacture is crown-
glass, in which 300 persons are employed, and
about 17,000 tons of coal consumed annually.
The ancient castle of Dumbarton is on a lofty and
precipitous rock, and was formerly considered as
the key to the West Highlands. Pop. 3,170. 15
m. W. Glasgow.
Dumboo. See Domboo.
Dumfries, co. Scotland, bounded N. by Lanark,
E. by Peebles, Selkirk, and Roxburgh, S. by the
Solway frith and the English border, and W. by
the counties of Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It con-
tains 1,023 square miles, or 644,385 acres.
Pop. inl811, 62,960. Families, 12,694; of which
number 3,862 were engaged in agriculture, anr'
i:435 m trade and manufactures.
230
DUN
DUN
Dumfries, a royal burgh in Scotland, cap. of
Dumfries co. is on the Nith, about 9 miles from its
influx into the Sol way frith. Pop. 9,262. 76 m.
S. S. E. Glasgow, 71 S. S. W. Edinburgh.
Dumfries^ p-t. port of entry and cap. Prince
William co. Va. on the N. side of Quantico creek,
4 miles above its entrance into the Potomac, 33 m.
S. Washington, 90 N. Richmond. Lon. 77° 28'
W. Lat. 38° 40' N. The public buildings are a
courthouse and jail, and a church. The amount
of shipping in 1815, was 1,743 tons.
Dummar, t. Syria, 4 m. W. Damascus.
Dummer, t. Coos co. N. H. 95 m. N. Concord.
Dummersee, small lake of Westphalia, between
the territories of Munster, Osnabruck and Die-
pholtz.
Dummerston, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Con-
necticut river, 3 m. N. Brattleboro', 38 S. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,704.
Dumpalis, spacious bay on the W. coast of Ce-
lebes.
Dun le Rot, t. France, in Cher, on the Auron,
15 m. S. E. Bourges. Lon. 2° 34' 21" E. Lat. 46°
53' 5'' N-
Dmiaburg, t. Eu. Russia, in Witepsk, on the
Dwina, 80 m. W. N. W. Potolsk, 256 S. S. W. St
Petersburg. Lon. 26° 14' E. Lat. 56° 5' N.
Dunamunde, fort. Russia, on the Dwina, at the
influx of that river into the gulf of Riga, 15 m. N.
W. Riga. Lon. 23° 40" E. Lat. 57° 5' N.
Dunmiy Point, cape on the S. W. coast of the
isle of Sky e. Lon. 6° 14' W. Lat. 57° 9' N.
Dunbar, s-p. Scotland, in Haddington, at the
mouth of the frith of Fortii. The harbour is safe,
but of difficult access. West from the harbour
stands the venerable ruins of the castle. Pop. in
1819, 4,499 ; 27 m. E. Edinburgh.
Dunbarton, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the
Merrimack, 9 m. S. W. Concord, 18 N. Amherst.
Pop. 1,256.
Dunbeath, r. Scotland, in Caithness, which runs
into the sea 8 m. N. E. of the Ord of Caithness.
Dunblane, t. Scotland, in Perth co, on the Al-
lan. Pop. 2,733 ; 6 m. N. Stirling, 41 N. W. Edin-
burgh. Lon. 3° 59' E. Lat. 56° 12' N.
Duncan'' s Canal, inlet on an island off the N.
W. coast of America, in lat. 56° 58' N.
Duncan's Passage, strait between the Great
and Little Andaman islands.
Duncannon, t. and fort, Ireland, in Wexford, 6
m. fr. Waterford.
Duncansboro\ t. Orleans co. Vt. on Lake Mem-
phramagog; 48 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 112.
Duncansbay Head, cape, Scotland, the N. E.
extremity of the island of Great Britain. Lon. 2°
53' W. Lat. 58° 33' N.
Duncansville, p-v. Barnwell co. S. C.
Dunda Rajpour, s-p. Hind. 36 m. S. Bombay.
Dundah Rajipore s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon.
72° 55' E. Lat 18° 19' N.
Dundalk, s-p. Ireland, in Louth co. onJDundalk
bay, in the Irish channel. Pop. 15,000, 40 m. N.
Dublin. Lon. 6° 23' W. Lat. 54° 12' N.
Dundas, co. Uji. Canada, on the St. Lawrence,
between Greenville co. on the W. and St. Ormont
CO. on the E.
Dundas Island, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 54° 30' N.
Dundee, s-p. Scotland, in Forfarshire, on the N.
bank of the frith of Tay, 12 ra. fr. its mouth, Tlie
harbour is commodious, and has lately been im-
proved. About 134 vessels belong to the port,
which employ nearly 1,300 seameu. The inhab-
itants are chiefly engaged in tlie lineri manufac-
ture. Considerable quantities of sack cloth and
cotton bagging are also made for exportation. Pop.
in 1811, 30,989 ; 40 m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 2'
55" W. Lat. 56° 27' 23" N.
Dundojutld, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 3i m. S.
Irvine.
Dundrum, v. Ireland, in Down co. 6 m. S. W.
Downpatrick.
Dunes, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 9 m. S.
E. Agen.
Dunfermline, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, about 2i
m. N. of the frith of Forth. It has been long fa-
mous for different branches of weaving, but par-
ticularly of table linen The number of looms
employed in this branch in 1818 was 1,500. The
average value of the linen manufactured here is
120,000/. yearly. Quantities of cotton goods, are
likewise wove for Glasgow and Paisley. Dun-
fermline is a royal burgh. Here are the remains
of the most celebrated abbey in Scotland. Pop.
6,000 ; 16 m. N. W. Edinburgh.
Dungally, t. on the W. coast of Celebes.
Dungannon, t. Ireland, Tyrone co. Pop. 4,000.
11 m. N, Armagh, 72 N. W. Dublin.
Dungannn, t Ireland, on a bay, 21 m. W. S.
W. Waterford. Lon. 7° 39' W. Lat. 52° 3'N.
Dungen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant)^ 4
m. E. S. E. Oosterhout.
Dungeness, cape, Eng. in the English channel .
Lat. 50° 53' N.
Dungeness, Xew, point on the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance of the gulf of New Geor-
gia. Lat. 48° 15' N.
Dungeness Point, cape, at the E. entrance int©
the straits of Magellan. Lon. 68° 28' W. Lat. 52°
28' S.
Dungiven, v. Ireland, 14 m. E. Londonderry.
Dunliam, t. Bedford co. Lower Canada, on the
S. W. branch of the Yamaska. It is a fertile tract
of country. Pop. 1,600.
Dunheved. See Launceston.
Dunkard, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,055-
Dunkardstown. See Ephrata.
Dunkeld, t. Scotland, in Perth, on the N. bank
of the Tay. It was formerly the capital of Cale-
donia, The principal manufactures are linea
and yarn. Pop. 1,260 ; 13 m. N. Perth, 55 N,
Edinburgh.
Dunkirk, s-p. in French Flanders. It is the on-
ly harbour of France, in the North aea, and the
most convenient port for receiving the numerous
merchantmen captured in time of war from the
English and Dutch. Large sums have been spent
on the fortifications, and in forming a harbour and
docks. It is a place of considerable trade. It was
restored to the privilege of a free port in 1816 ; 25
m. N. E. Calais, and 40 N. W. Lille. Lon. 2° 22'
37" E. Lat. 5 1 ° 2' 9" N. Pop. 26,000.
Dunkirk, v. in Pomfret, Chatauque co. N. Y. on
Lake Erie, 7 miles from the head of Casada lake,
43 m. fr. Buffalo. It affords the only harbor on the
lake between Buffalo and Erie. At this place
there is a portage between the waters of Lake
Erie and those of Ohio river of only 7 miles to
Casada Lake.
Dunkirk, L King and Queen co. Va. 25 m. S,
Portroyal, 116 fr. Washington.
Dunklin's, p-v. Newbury co. S. C.
Dunlarin, t. Ireland, Wicklow co. 10 m. N. E.
Athy, 32, fr. Dublin.
Dunleary, s-p. Ireland, 5 ra. fr. Dublin.
Dimlop, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire. 5 m. 8. Beith
D U R
D U R
231
Dunmanaimy, t. Ireland, 23 m. S. W. Cork.
Danmannns Bay, on the S. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 40' W. Lat. 51^ 30' N.
Dunmore Head, cape on the W. coast of Ire-
land, said to be the most western land in Europe.
Lon. 9° 35' W. Lat. 52° 6' N.
Dunrnow, Greaty t. Eng. in Essex, 37 m. N. N.
E. London. Pop. 2,015.
Dunmaw, Little, v. Eng. in Essex. Pop. 264 ; 2
m. E. Great Dunmow.
Dunnet, bay and promontory, Scotland, in
Caithness. Dunnet head is found, according to
some observations, to be the most N. point of
Britain.
Dunning, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 9 m. W.
S. W. Perth.
Dunning, St. or Malta, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y.
Dunnose, cape, on the S. E. side of the isle of
Wight. Lon. 1° 11' W. Lat. 50° 37' N.
Dunnottar, v. Scotland, in Kincardine.
Dunnsburg, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa.
Dunoon, v. Scotland, in Argyleshire, on the
W. side of the frith of Clyde.
Dunse, t. Scotland, in Berwick. Pop. 2,500.
15 m. W. Berwick upon Tweed, 42 S. E. Edin-
burgh.
Dunstable, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire. Pop. 1,616.
20 m. S. Bedford, 33 N. N. W. London.
Dunstable, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the
W. side of Merrimack river, 12 m. S. E. Amherst,
40N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,049.
Dunstable, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the S. side
of the Merrimack, 37 m. N. W. Boston. Pop.
475.
Dunstable, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 515.
Dunster, t. Eng. in Somerset. Pop. 868. 21 m.
W. Bridge water.
Dunwick, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the sea coast,
30 m. N. E. Ipswich.
Dunwick, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Dupage, lake, Indiana, is the expansion of the
river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the Kan-
kakee.
Duplin, CO. in Wilmington district, N. C. Pop.
7,863. Slaves, 2,416. Chief town, Sarecto. At
the court-house is a post-oiSce- S5 m. N. Wil-
mington.
Duplin, Old, p-v. Duplin co. N. C.
Dupplin, V. Scotland, in Perthshire, 5 m. fr.
Perth.
Duquella, a fertile province of Morocco, about
75 miles in length, and 60 in breadth.
Duquc.me, Fort. See Pittsburg.
Duralde, v. S. America, in Tucuman, on the
post road between Buenos Ayres and Potosi, 987
m. N. W. Potosi.
Durance, r. France, empties into the Rhone be-
tween Avignon and Tarascon.
Durand t. Coos co. N. H. 77 m. N. Concord.
Durango, t. Spain, in Biscay, 15 m. E. Bilboa.
Durango, an intendancy of Mexico. It is
bounded N, by New Mexico, E. by San Luis Po-
tosi ; S. by Zacatecas and Guadalaxara, and W.
by Sonora. It contains 129,947 sq. miles, and on-
ly 159,700 inabitants.
Durango, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Du-
rango. It is the residence of the intendant and of
I bishop. 170 leagues N. W. the city of Mexico.
Pop. 12,000.
Durant''s bay, inlet, on the coast of N. C. in Al-
3emarle«Qund'. Lon. 7^° 16' W. Lat. 35° 40' N.
Durant^s Island, small isl. in Albemarle sound,
N. C. Lon. 76° 15' W. Lat. 35° 46' N.
Durant^s Point, cape, on the coast of N. Caro-
lina, in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 30' W. Lat.
36° 5' N.
Duras, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 10 m.
N. Marmande. Lon. 0° 10' 15" W. Lat. 44®
40' N.
Durazsano, L Naples, 16 m. N. E. Naples.
Durazzo, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the coast of Al-
bania, in the gulf of Venice. Its harbour is com-
modious for vessels of moderate size. Pop. 5,000.
88 m. S. S. E. Ragusa. Lon. 19° 36' E. Lat. 41°
35' N.
Durbungah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 54' E.
Lat. 26° 27' N.
Durbuy, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the
Ourthe, 20 m. S. by W. Liege. Lon. 5° 22' E. Lat.
50° 21' N.
Duren, t. Prussian states, on the Roer, 15 m.
E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 6° 23' E. Lat. 50° 49^
N. Pop. 4,700.
Duretal, t. France, in Maine and Loire, 8 m. S.
W. La Fleche.
Durg, fort. Persi^ in Seistan, 35 m. N. Doo-
shak.
Durgut, or Casaban, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
18 m. E. Smyrna.
Durham, a county, Eng. bounded N. by North-
umberland, E. by the German ocean, S. by York-
shire, from which it is separated by the river
Tees, and W. by Cumberland and Westmoreland.
It contains 1,040 sq. miles, or 635,000 acres, of
which 144,000 acres consist of heath. Lead has
been wrought here to a great extent during seve-
ral centuries ; and in the year 1809, 86 mines
were open in different parts of the county. Abun-
dance of iron has been obtained for a period of
about 350 years. But the most important mineral
is coal, which occupies a subterraneous area, 22
miles in length by half as much in breadth, and is
computed to be the means directly or indirectly
of giving subsistence to 26,000 persons, including
the seamen employed in the vessels for exporting
it. Pop. in 1811, 177,625.
Durham, city, Eng. capital of Durham county,
on the banks of the river Wear, by which it is al-
most surrounded. Its situation is fine and pictur-
esque. It contains a venerable cathedral, six par-
ish churches, places of worship for Presbyterians
and Methodists, two Roman Catholic chapels, and
a Quaker meeting-house. It is the see of a bish-
op, who is lord paramount of the county. Pop. in
1811, 7,953. 16 m. S. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 132
S. Edinburgh, 259 N. London. Lon. 1° 33' W.
Lat. 54° 54' N.
Durham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the W. side of the St. Francis.
Durham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the
Androscoggin, 26 m. N. E. Portland. Pop. 1,772.
Durham, p-t. Strafford co. N. TI. on Oyster riv-
er, at its junction with the Piscataqua, 11 ra. W,
N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,449. There is a vil-
lage at the falls of Oyster river, containing about
40 houses and a church. On the top ol a hill in
this town there is a rock, computed to be of 70 ov
80 tons weight, lying so exactly poised on anothev
rock as to be easily moved with the hand.
Durham, p-t. Middlesex co, Ct. 7 m. S. Middle -
town, 18 N. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,101.
Durham, formerly Freehold, p-t. Green co. IC
Y. on CatskiU river. 20 m. N. W. Athens 30 S.
232
EAR
W. Albany. Pop. 2,944. It contains 1 Metlnj-
dist and 2 Presbyterian churches, and a public li-
brary of 4013 volumes,
Durham, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware,
12 m. S. Easton. Pop. 404.
Durlachy t. Germany, in Baden, formerly cap.
of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach. Here is
the ducal castle of Karlsburg, an elegant church,
and an academy. It is remarkable for its manu-
fectory of porcelain. 5 m. E. Carlsruhe, 15 N. E.
Rastadt, and 32 N. N. W. Stuttgard. Lon. 8° 31'
E. Lat. 48° 39' N. Pop. 4,000.
Durrenberg, v. of the Prussian states, in the
duchy of Saxony, about 1 m. fr. Merseburg, with
a great salt mine. Durrenberg is likewise the
name of a great salt mine in the Austrian states,
in the duchy of Saltzburg, about a league from
Hallein, which yields annually nearly 300,000
cwt. of salt.
Durroiv, t. Ireland, 14 m. N. N. W. Kilkenny.
Dursley, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire. Pop. 2,580.
15 m. B. Gloucester.
Dusky Bay, on the W. coast of Tavai Poenam-
moo, one of the islands of New Zealand. Lon. 166°
48' E. Lat. 45040^8.
Dussara, t. Hind, in Gujerat.
Dusseldarf, t. now subject to Prussia, on the
Rhine, at the junction of the Dussel. It has a
castle, which contains a celebrated gallery of
paintings, comprising the chef cfwuvres of Ru-
bens, Vandyk, Vanderwerf, and other Flemish
masters. Here are several elegant churches, ex-
tensive barracks, and pleasant public walks, and
an academy for paintings. 20 m. N. N. W. Co-
logne, 30 N. E. Aix-la-Chapellc, and 62 S. W.
Munster. Lon. 6° 46' 25" E. Lat. 51° 13' 42" N.
Pop, 19,000.
Dussemond, v. Prussian states, near the Moselle,
4 m. N. W. Veldentz.
E A S
Duit, or Dustee, r. Persia, flows through the
province of Mekran into the Indian ocean.
Dutchess, CO. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hud-
son, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by Connecti-
cut, S. by Putnam co. and W. by the Hudson,
which separates it from Orange and Ulster coun-
ties. Pop. 51,412. Chief town, Poughkeepsie.
Dutlingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 25
m. N. W. Constance. Lon. 8° 49' 50" E. Lat 47°
59' 2" N. Pop. 3,760.
Dutotsburg, p-t Northampton co. Pa.
Duly''s, p-v. Sumner co. 'Tennessee.
Dutysville, p-v, Sumner co. Tennessee.
Duxborough, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 ni. N.
Plymouth, 38 S. E. Boston. Pop. 2,201. A num-
ber of vessels are owned here, and employed in
the coasting trade and the fisheries.
Duxbury, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion riv-
er, 13 m. W. Montpelier. Pop. 326.
Duyvelattd, isl. Netherlands, in the province of
Zealand. Lon. 3° 51' E. Lat 51° 41' N.
Dwaraca, t. in Hind. Gujerat. Lon, 69° 15' E.
Lat 22° 21' N.
Dwina, a large river of Russia, which rises on
the borders of the governments of Pskov and
Tver, and falls into the gulf-of Riga at Dunamun-
de, a few miles below Riga.
Dvrina, a large river of European Russia, which
falls, by two arms, into the White sea, a little N.
W. Archangel.
Dyberry, t. Wayne co. Pa, Pop. 31 8.
Dyer's Cape, on the E. coast of N. America.
Lon. 66° 10' W. Lat. 65° 20' N.
Dyle, r. Netherlands, unites a little below
Mechlin with the Demer, to form the Ruppel.
Dysart, borough, Scotland, in Fifeshire, 14 m.'
N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,729.
Dsidza, t, Albania, 18 m. fr. Delvinaki.
E.
Eagle, t Hockliocking co. Ohio.
Eagle, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Eagle, creek, Ohio, which runs into Ohio river
10 m. below Maysville, Kfentucky.
Eagle Island, near the W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9°54' W. Lat. 540 17' N.
Eagle Island, in the Pacific, near the N. E.
coast of New Holland, Lat. 14° 32' S.
Eagle River, a river of North America, which
runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 92° 14' W. Lat.
43° 50' N.
Eaglesham, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, 9 m.
S. Glasgow.
Eagleville, v. in Manlius, Onondaga co. N. Y. 1^
m. E. Manlius village.
Eaglexilk, t. Marengo co. Alabama, on the
Tombigbee, at the confluence of the Black war-
rior. A settlement is formed here by French em-
igrants.
Ealing, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 6 m. W. N. W.
London.
Eardley, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ottawa
river, N. W, of Montreal.
£Bri,tBerliBco.Pa. Pop.794»
Earl, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa, on ConcBtago creek"
Pop, 4,218.
Earl Shiltffn, v. Eng. 9 m. S. S. W. Leicester.
EarVs Ferry, v. Scotland, on the coast of Fife, i
a mile fr. Ely.
Earhtown, v. Scotland, in Berwickshire, 34 m.
S. E. Edinburgh.
Earne, r. Scotland, which issues from the east
end of loch Earn, in Perthshire, and falls into the
Tay about a mile below Abemethy.
Earthquake, lake, Missouri, 40 m. W. New-
Madrid, which communicates with St Francis
river.
Easingfon, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. N, Whit-
by, Another, 5 m. fr. Clitheroe.
Easingwold, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, H m. N. N.
W. York.
East Andorcr, t, Oxford co, Maine, 30 m. N, W.
Paris.
East Bothnia, East Gothland, &c. See Both-^
nia, Gothland, &c.
Eastbranch, r. Ohio, which runs into the little
Miami 9 m. above its mouth.
East-Bridgemter, p-v. Plymou* co, Mass.
E A S
East Greenwich, p-t. Kent co. R. I. Pop. 1,530.
East Guilford, p-v. in Guilford, Ncw-ilaven co.
Ct. - "
Easiham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 24 m. N. E.
Barnstable, 89 S. E. Boston. Pop. 751.
Eastern district, the N. E. part of Up. Canada,
between Ottawa river and the St. Lawrence;
its W. boundary is a meridian passing through
the mouth of Cananoque creek, in Leeds.
East Florida,. See Florida.
East Chester, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 8 m. S.
White-plains, 20 N. New- York. Pop. 1,039.
East district, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 805.
Eusthampton, t. Hampsh.te co. Mass. 5 m. S.
Northampton. Pop. 66<>.
EasthamptoT), p-l. Si'ffolk co, N. Y. comprises
the southern proiv.ontory at the E. end of Long-Isl-
and, terminating in Montauk point, and includes
G rdiner's Island. 35 m. E. Rivei'head, 112 E.
^lew-York. lop. 1,484. ^ee Long-Island, Mon-
tauk point, and Gardiner'' s Island. Clinton Acad-
emy, established in this town, is a flourishing in-
stitution.
East-Hartford, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E.
side of Connecticut river, opposite Hartford, with
■which it is connected by a bridge. Pop. 3,240.
It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, 1
for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Here are nu-
merous mills and manufactures. About | of a
mile from the river is a wide street compactly
settled, with a row of stately elms in the middle
extending 2 miles.
Easl-Haddam, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 14 m. S. Middletown,
21 N. W^. New-London. Pop. 2,537. It contains
4 churches, 3 for Congregationalists and 1 for
Episcopalians.
East-Haven, t. Essex co. Vt. 45 m. N. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 30.
East-Haven, t. New-Haven co. Ct. on Long-Isl-
and Sound, 4 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,209.
East Kingston, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m.
S. W. Portsmouth. I'op. 442.
East Lothian. See Haddington, County of.
East Main, that part of New Britain, or Labra-
dor, which lies on the east side of James' bay.
East Main-house, a station for the Indian fur trade,
is on a river of this name flowing into James' baj'.
Lon. 78° 42' W. Lat. 52° 15' N.
East Meath. See Meath.
East Minot, p-t, Cumberland co. Maine.
East Point, the N. E. extremity of New Hol-
land. Lat. 10° 42' S.
East river, N. Y. is the strait through which
Long-Island Sound communicates with New- York
bay. Its width at New-York is | of a mile. It is
navigable for vessels of any burden. The strait
called Hell-gate is in this river.
East river, port of entry, Va. Amount of ship-
ping in 1815, 1,788 tons.
East river, W. Florida, which runs into Pensa-
cola bay. Lon. 86° 50' W. Lat. 30° 34' N.
Eastboorne, t. England, in Sussex, 62 m. S. S. E.
London.
Eastcnelle. See Oosfenalah.
Easter Good, parish Eng. in Essex, 30 m. N. E.
London.
Easter Island, or DarWs Land, isl. in the Pa-
cific ocean, containing 14 square miles, Lon.
109° 29' 20" W. Lat. 27° 9' 23'"' S.
Eastermost Key, small isl. in the bay qf Hondu-
ras. Lon. 87° 48' W. Lat. 17° 15' N."
Eastern, t. Chenango co. N Y.
30
EAT
233
Eastern Bay, bay on the E. side of Chesapeake
bay. Lon. 76° 20' W. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Eastern JS'ecfc. small isl. Md. at the mouth of
Chester river.
Easterton, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. side pf
the Susquehannah, 4 m. above Harrisburg.
Easton, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 10 m. N. Taunton,
22 S. Boston. Pop. 1,557.
Easton, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 16 m. S. W. Salem, 27 N. Albany. Pop. 3,253>
Easton, p-t. and cap. Northampton co. Pa. is
pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the mouth
of the Lehigh, 12 m N. E. Bethlehem, 58 N. Phila-
delpliia. Pop. 1,657. It is regularly laid out,
and contains a court-house, jail, academy and 2
banks. There is a bridge over the Delaware at
this place, 570 feet long.
Easton, p-t. and cap. Talbot co. Md. is on
Treadhaven creek, 12 miles above its junction
witli the Choptank, 42 m. E. S. E. Annapolis, 37
S. Chester. It is the largest town on the eastern
shore of Maryland, and a place of considerable
business. It contains a bank, academy, arsenal,
court-house, jail, 2 printing offices, and 4 houses
for public worship; 1 for Methodists, 1 for Episco-
palians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for blacks. Pop.
about 1,500.
Easiport, p-t. and port of entry, Washington co.
Maine, on Passamaquoddy bay, at the mouth of
Cobscook river, 41 ra. E. N. E. Machias, 279 E.
N. E. Portland. The town includes Moose island
and several other islands, and is favoi'ably situated
for commerce. Pop. in 1810, 1,511. The amount
of shipping in Passamaquoddy district, in 1816,
was 7,375 tons. Common tides rise here 25 feet.
East Sudbury, p-t. Middlesex co. Mas?. 18 m.
W. Boston. Pop. 824.
East town, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 587.
East Union, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. E. WoOs-
ter. Pop. in 1819, 300.
East VVhitcland, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
East-Windsor, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 8 m. N. Hartford, Pop.
3,081. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Congregation-
alists and 1 for Episcopalians. The distillery of
gin here is probably the largest in the Unifed
States. In this town is Warehouse point, at the
head of sloop-navigation on Connecticut river, 13
m. above Hartford.
Eastwood, V. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 8 m. N.
W. Nottingham.
Eaton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 84 m-.
S. S. E. Three-Rivei-s. Pop. about 600.
Eaton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 49 m. N. E. Con-
cord, Pop, 535.
■Eaton, p-t Madison co. N. Y. 30 m. S. W, Uti-
ca, 120 AV. Albany. Pop. 2,263.
Eaton, p-t. and cap. Preble co. Ohio, on -St
Clair's creek within | of a mile of old Fort St
Clair, 24 m. W. Dayton, 90 W. Columbus.
Eaton Bray, v. Eng. in Bedford, 35 m. N. London;
Eatoyi's JVeck, the N. extremity of Huntington,
in Suffolk CO. on Long-Island, N. Y. where a light-
house is erefcted.
Eaton Socon, v. Eng. in Bedford, 55 m. N Lon-
don.
Eatontown, v. in Shrewsbury, Monmouth co. N,
J. 1 m. from the town of Shrewsbury.
Eatonton, p-t. and cap. Putnam co. Geo: 22 m.
N. W. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house
and jail. Union Academy is establr>he<l about H
mile^ from the town.
234
E C t
Eause, t. France, in Gers, 20 m. S. W. Condom,
Lou. 0° 4' E. Lat, 45° 55' N. Pop. 3,300.
Ebal, Mount, in Sac. Geog. a summit in the
Mount Ephraim range of hills, near Shechem, and
on the A". Side of a valley about 200 paces wide,
having Mount Gerizzim on the S. It is a naked
barren rock.
Ebbsfleet, (an. Wyppedsjleef,) hamlet, Eug. in
the isle of TJiunet, Kent co. at the mouth of the
Stour.
Ebeltoft^ t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on a
bay of the Cattegat, 15 m. N. N. E. Aarhuus.
Lon. 10° 41' E. Lat. 56° 11' N.
Ebenezcr, creek, Geo. runs S. E. and falls into
Savannah river at E'ocnezer.
Ebenezcr, t. Effingham co. Geo. on Savannah
river, 25 ra. N, N. W. Savannah. It was settled
in 1735, by Protestants from Germany.
Ebenfort, t. and castle. Lower Austria, on the
Leytha, 18 m. S. Vienna.
Ebensburg, p-t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa. wa-
tered by the Conemangh, 75 m. E. Pittsburg.
Eberach, r. Germany, which runs into the Red-
hitz, 3 m. S. of Bamberg.
Eberbach, t. Baden, 18 m. E. Heidelberg.
Ebersberg, t. Austria, on the Traun, 8 m. N. W.
Ens.
Ebersdorf, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 8
m. E. S. E. Vienna. Pop. 1,165.
Ebersheim, v. France, on an island formed by
the 111 below Schelestat.
Eberswald. See Musfadt Eberswald.
Ebesfalva, t. Transylvain'a, in Kokelburg, on
the river Great Kokel Pop. 2,900. Lon. 24°
35' 36" E. Lat. 46"^ 1 J' 48" N.
Ebha-. See Mher.
Ebingen, t. Wirtemberg, 36 m. S Stutgard.
Lon. 9° 3' E. Lat. 48° 13- 40 ' N. Pop. 3,750.
Ebro, (an. Iberm,) r. Spain, rises on the borders
of Asturia, and falls into the Mediterranean below
Tortosa, in Catalonia. Of its two mouths, the
one to the south is artificial, and of easier entrance
than the other, which is nearly choked with mud.
This river is in general very rapid, and little
adapted for navigation.
Ebsdorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of
Luneburg, 7 m W. N. W. Ultzen.
Ecdesall Bierlow, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop.
6,569. 3 m. S. W. Sheffield.
Ercksfechan, t. Scotland, 16 m. N. E. Dumfries.
Ecclesjield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. Shef-
field. Pop. 5,805.
Ecckshall, t. Eng. in Staifordshire, 14 m. N. W,
Ijondon.
Ecclesiastical State. See States of the Church.
Eccleston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. N. War-
rington.
Echebrune, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m.
S. Saintes.
Echelles, Les, t. Savoy, on the Guyer, 15 m. S.
W. Chambery.
Echemin, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the
St Lawrence from the S. 2 miles above Quebec.
Echinades Islands, (otherwise called JYtsia)
group of islets at the entrance of the gulf of Le-
panto.
Edit, V. Netherlands, in Limburg, 9 m. S. by
W. Ruremond.
Echterdiiigen, v. Wirtemberg, 5 m. S. Stutgard.
. Echtemach, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on
the Saure, 10 m. W, Treves, 18 N. N. E. Luxem-
burg. Pop. 3,060.
Ecija, i. Spain, in SeviUe, on ^e W. bank of
BD E
the Xenil. The adjacent territory is unoommonij
fertile. The town contains 6 churches, 16 con-
vents, and 15 hospitals. 55 m. E. N. E. Seville.
Lon. 5° 4' 34'' W, Lat. 37^ 31' 51" N. Pop. 28,000.
Eckdala, fortress, Bengal, district of Dacca, on
the Luckya, now in ruins. Lon. 96° 45' E. Lat.
24° 4' N.
Ecker, r. Hanover, which runs into the Ocker.
10 m. S. Wolfenbuttel.
Eckeren, t. .Netherlands, 4 m. N. Antwerp.
Eckemfoehrde, t. Denmark, on the coast of
Sleswick, 10 m. S. Sleswick. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat
54^ 53' N.
Eckero, small isl. Sweden, between the Baltic
and the gulf of Finland. Lon. 19° 24' E. Lat. 60.
15' N.
Eckington, v. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. fr. Ches-
terfield. Pop. 2,889.
Eckmuhl, t. Bavaria, 16 m. W. Straubing, near
which a victory was gained in April 1809, by Bo-
naparte over the Austrians.
Eclipse Islands, cluster of small islands, near
the S. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 118° 10
E. Lat. 35° 8' S.
Ecluse, Fort deV, fort, Switz. on the Rhone, 13
m. W. Geneva.
Ecommoy, L France, in Sarthe, 24 m. S. Le
Mans. Pop. 2,700.
Ecouen, t. France, 12 m. N. Paris.
Edam, t. North Holland, near the Zuyder-zee,
with a good harbor formed by the river Ey, 12 m.
N. Amsterdam.
Edam, isl. on the coast of Java, 9 m. N. N. E.
Batavia.
Edambavanum, t. India, in the Camatic. Lat,
10° 27' N.
Eday, one of the Orkney Islands. Lon. 2° 41'
W. Lat. 59° 4' N.
Eddington, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on Penob-
scot river, 5 m. E. Bangor. Pop. 205.
Eddy grove, p-t. Caldwell co. Ken.
Eddystone, .N'ew, a rock, in Bhem's canal, on
the N. W. coast of America, in lat. 5fi° 29' N. lon.
229° 15' E.
Eddystone Rocks, reef of rocks in the English
channel, in W. Ion. 4° 5' and N.lat. 50° 10', bear-,
iug about 14 m. S, W. Plymouth, and 10 S. W.by
S. from the Ram-head in Cornwall. From their
position they are particularly dangerous to ships
entering Plymouth sound, and have been the oc-
casion of numerous shipwrecks. Several light-
houses erected on these rocks have been destroy-
ed. In 1759 Mr. Smeaton completed the present
lighthouse entirely of stone. It is about 80 feet
high ; at times however, the waves dash to a pro-
digious height over its top.
EddyviUc, p-t. and cap. Caldwell co. Ken. oc
Cumberland river, 50 m. fr. Harpshead.
Edelcny, t. Hunsrary, in the county of Borshod,
33 m. N. by E. Agria. Lon. 20° 55' E. Lat. 48=^
17' 13" N.
Eden, in Sac. Geog. the country of the firs;
parents of the human race. Eden was also the
name of a beautiful valley near Damascus ; and
of a country of Mesopotamia, under the Assyrian
government.
Eden, r. Scotland, in Berwickshire, which falls
into the Tweed, 4 m. below Kelso. Another, falls
into St Andrew's bav. Lon. 2° 51' W. Lat. 56<=
22' N.
Eden, r. Eng. which falls into the Solway frith,
about 7 m. below Carlisle.
Eden, t. Svria, in the pachalic of Aleppo, on the
Libanus, 15 m. N. E. Tripoli.
E D I
E D I
235
Eden^ t. Plancock co. Maine, 36 m. E. Castine.
Pop. 657.
Edc7i, t Orleans co. Vt. 30 m. N. Montpelier.
Pop. 224.
Eden, t. Niagara co. (N. Y.) S. of Buffalo.
Edenborough, p-v. Ripley co. Indiana.
Edenderri/, t Ireland, in King's co. 29 m. ^V.
Dublin.
Edenkoben, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m.
S. of Neustaclt.
Edenton, port of entry, and cap. Chowan co. N.
C. at the head of a bay, on the N. side of Albe--
marle Sound, near the mouth of Chowan river, 77
m. S. S. W. xVorfolk, 85 N. N. E. Newbern. Lat.
36° 6' N. It contains a court-house, jail, bank,
and an ancient Episcopal church. Its situation is
advautag^eous for trade, but unhealthy. The
amount of shipprng in 1815 was 6,076 tons.
Eder, (an. jidrana) r. Germany, which falls in-
to the Fulda, 6 m. above Cassel. '
Edessa, or Vodincu, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania,
44 m. W. N. W. Saloniki, and 316 W. Constanti-
nople. Lon. 22° 2' E. Lat. 40° 51' N. Pop. 12,000.
Edfu, V. Upper Egypt, on the site of the ancient
Apollinopolis Parva, famous for two temples which
present splendid monuments of the ancient archi-
tecture of Egypt. Lon. 32° 53' 44" E. Lat. 24° 48'
33'' N.
Edgar ton, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Duke's
CO. Mass. on the E. side of the island of Martha's
Vineyard, 14 m. from the main, 100 S. S. E. Bos-
ton. Lon. 70° 26' W. Lat. 41° 25' N. Pop. 1,.365.
It has a good harbor, secured by the island of
Chabbaquiddic, which is included in the jurisdic-
tion of Edgarton. Slupping in 1815, 993 tons.
EdgcoU, V. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 4 m. N.
Banbury.
Edgcumbe Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lat. 20o*S.
Edgcumbe, Cape, the N. W. point of Norfolk
sound, in King George Illd's archipelago. Lon.
224° 25i' E. Lat. 370 2' N.
Edgecombe, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on Sheep-
scot river, opposite Wiscasset. Pop. 1,288.
Edgecombe, co. N. C. on Tar river. Pop.
12,423. Slaves, 5,107. Chief town, Tarhorough.
Edgefield^ district, S. C. between Saluda and
Savannah rivers, and Abbeville district. Pop.
23,160. Slaves, 8,576. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Edgmont, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 611.
Edgeworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. fr. Bolton.
Edgkill, place, Eng. in Warwick, memorable
for the first battle during the civil wars. 83 m. fr.
London.
Edgware, t Eng. in Middlesex, 10 m. N, W,
London.
Edikofen, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 4 m.
N. Landau.
Edinburgh, or Mid-Lolhinn, co. Scotland, con-
taining 360 sq. miles, or 230,400 acres. On the
N. it is bounded by the frith of Forth, E. by Had-
dington CO. S. by Lanark, Peebles, and Berwick,
and W. by Linlithgow. Pop. in 181 1, 148,607.
Edinburgh, the metropolis of Scotland, is about
a mile and a half from the frith of Forth, and is
surrounded on all sides, except the north, by lofty
hills. It stands on high and uneven ground, being
built on three eminences, which run from E. to
W. The central ridge, on which the city was
originally built, is terminated abruptly on the
west by a precipitous rock on which the castle is
placed. The valley to the north of thi^ ridge.
whicli was formerly a lake, has been drained, and
is now a marsh, nearly dry in summer. On the
rising ground to the north of this valley stands the
New I'own of Edinburgh. The ravine on the
south of the central ridge is also wholly covered
with buildings, as well as the southern eminence ;
and beyond the immediate precincts of the town
in this quarter, numerous villas have of late years
been erected. In the Old Town the buildings are
crowded and irregular, and in some parts rise to
the height of 1 1 stories. The new I'own has been
built within the last 50 years. It is laid out in
streets and squares, and for beauty and regularity
is not surpassed by any city in the world. The Old
and New towns are connected by a mound, and a
bridge thrown across the valle)'^.
Among the public building-s of Edinburgh, the
principal is the castle. In the centre of the city
arc the buildings in which the courts hold their
sittings. In one of these is the advocate's library,
consisting of more than 70,000 printed volumes,
and about 1,000 volumes of manuscripts. There
are ten churches, and 5 chapels of ease belonging
to the establishment, besides 4 places of worship
for the Burghers, 3 for the Anti-burghers, 4 for the
Relief, 4 for the Baptists, 2 for the Independents,
a Gaelic chapel, and one each for the Methodists,
Cameronians, Bereans, Glassites, Unitarians, Qua-
kers, and Roman Catholics, and six for Episco-
palians. The university of Edinburgh has long
been celebrated. It was founded in 1582, and em-
braces at present 27 professorships, which are
classed as follows. Faculty of Theology — Divini-
ty, Church History, and Oriental Languages.
Faculty of Law — Law of Nature and Nations,
Civil Law, Scots Law, and Civil History and An-
tiquities. Faculty of Medicine — Anatomy and
Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Botany, Materia
Medica, Chemistry, Theory of Medicine, Mid-
wifery, Natural History, Clinical Surgery, Mili-
tary Surgery, and Medical Jurisprudence. Fac-
ulty of Arts — Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric and
Belles Lettres, Greek, Latin, Natural Philosophy,
Mathematics, Practical Astronomy, Logic, and
Agriculture. The number of students in 1818,
was 2,000. To the university is attached a libra-
ry of more than 50,000 volumes, an excellent mu-
seum of natural history, and a botanic garden.
As a medical scliool the university has attained to
high repute, and is resorted to from the most re-
mote quarters. The High-school, the pi'incipal
grammar school of the city, has a rector and four
masters, and above 800 scholars. The principal
charitable institution is Heriot's hospital. There
are several other hospitals ; three cliarity work-
houses, an asylum for the industrious blind, a
Magdalene asylum, a house of industiy, a society
for the suppression of begging, a Royal Infirmary,
a military hospital, a lying-in hospital, and two
dispensaries. Edinburgh is supported chiefly by
its courts of justice. Law is the leading profes-
sion ; and those who derive their subsistence from
this source form the chief class of its inhabitants.
A considerable class also depends on the universi-
ty and other seminaries. It is not in any sense a
trading or manufacturing town. It is a i-oyal bo-
rough, and sends one member to parliament.
Pop. in 1811, including Leith, 102,987; exclusive
of Leith, 82,624. 42 m. E. Glasgow, 396 N. N. W.
London. Lon. 3° 12' W. Lat. .55° 58' N.
Edinburgh, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 26 m. N. W.
Ballston, 50 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,319.
Edinburg, t. Elbert oc. Geo. on Savannah river.
236
E F F
E G Y
Edinhurg, t. Portage co. Ohio, 6 in. S. E. Ra-
venna.
Edinburgh t. Dearborn co. Indiana, ^ a mile fr.
the Ohio. It is on elevated ground, above the
floods of the river.
Edisheim, t. Bavarian states, near the Rhine, 5
m. N. W. Landau.
Edisto, or Ponpon, r, S. C. is formed of two
branches, vfhich unite below Orangfeburg-, and
enters the ocean on each side of Edisto island,
through 2 inlets called North and South Edisto
inlets. It is navigable for large boats 100 miles.
Through South-Edisto inlet enter all vessels from
the North, that are bound to Beaufort, Asheepoo,
Combahee, and Coosa.
Edisto island, on the coast of S. C. 40 m. S. W.
Charleston, with which it is connected by a good
inland navigation. It is separated from Wadma-
law and John's islands, by North-Edisto inlet,
. which affords a good harboir for vessels of small
draft. The island is V2 miles long, and from 1 to
5 broad, and contained in 1 808, 236 white inhabi-
tants, and 2,600 slaves. Here are 2 churches, 1
for Presbyterians, who have a large permanent
fund for the support of the Gospel, and 1 for Epis-
copalians.— The island is devoted to the cult 'ire
of cotton, and is verv- productive. The white in-
habitants reside on their plantations only during
the winter, and spend the hot months in summer-
houses on the margin of the sea.
Edmeston, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 18 ra. W. Coop-
erstown, 84 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,317.
Edmonton, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 6 m. N, Lon-
don.
Edmund Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of A-
' merica. Lat.31° 56' N.
Edom, or Idumea, in Sac. Geog. a country be-
yond Jordan, and S. E. of Palestine, inhabited by
Esau and his posterity. It was at first a distinct
empire, but was subdued by David, and annexed
to the land of Israel.
Edswol, t. Norway, 18 m. S. W. Bergen.
Edward, Cape, cape, on the W. coast of King
George's Archipelago. Lon. 224° E. Lat, 57°
39' N.
Edwards, co. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1818, 1,948. Chief town, Palmyra.
Edicardsburg, t. Grenville co. Up, Canada, on
St. Lawrence river, 67 m. N. E. Kingston.
Edwardsville, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Illinois,
on Cahokia river, 22 m. N. E. St. Louis. Lat.
3S° 50' N. Lat. 89° 55' W. It contains a land-
office, a bank, and a printing-office.
Edwith, r. Eng. which joins the Usk, at its
mouth.
Eecloo, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 11m.
N. W, Ghent.
Eegholm, isl. Denmark, in the Great Belt. Lon.
11° 12' E. Lat. 55° 14' N.
Eel river, Indiana, runs S. W. and falls into the
Wabash, 200 m. abo\e Vincennes.
Eems, small r. Netherlands, Utrecht, which falls
into the Zuyder Zee.
Eeningburg, v. North Holland, 6 m. N. Alk-
maer.
Eersle, r. Cape oi Good Hope, which passes by
Stellenbosch, and falls into Simon's bay.
Efbe, isl, in the Eastern seas, near the S. coast
of Mysol. Lon. 127° E. Lat. 2° 12' S.
F^ngfiam, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side
of the St. Lawrence, between York andLeinster
♦'ounties.
Ejfinghain, t. Strafford co. N. H. 4A m. N. E..
Concord. Pop. 876.
Effinirham, co. Geo. between Savannah and
Ogechee rivers. Pop. 2,586. Slaves, 1,010.
Chief town, Springfield.
Ega, small r. Spain, which falls into the Ebro^
3 m. below Calfhorra. '
Ega, t. Portugal, 7 m. S. S. W. Coimbra.
Egeln, t. Prussian States, 16 m. S. W. Magde-
burg.
Egenhurg, t. Lower Austria, 56 m. N. W. Vi^-
enna. Lon. 15° 35' E. Lat. 48° 37' N.
Eger, r. which rises in Suabia, and runs into the
Wernitz, 6 m. N. Donauwert.
Eger, large r. Franconia, which falls into the
Elbe.
Eser, t. Bohemia, on the Eger river. Pop.
8,000. 76 m. W. Prague. Lon. 12° 19' E. Lai
50° 5' N.
Egerness, cape, on the S. W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 22' W. Lat. 54° 54' N.
Egg. See Eigg.
Eggharbor, Great, inlet and river, N. J. The
river forms the boundary between Cape May and
Gloucester counties, and runs into the inlet, in
lat. 39° 22' N. It is navigable 20 miles for vessels
of 200 tons.
Eggharbor, Little, inlet, N. J. lies 17 m. N.
G reat Eggharbor inlet. It receives Mulicus creek
which is navigable 20 miles for vessels of 60
tons.
Eggharbor, Great, s-p. and port of entry, Glou-
cester CO. N. J. on the sea coast, at the mouth of
Eggharbor river, 60 m. fr. Philadelphia. Pop.
1,830. Shipping in 1815, 3,569 tons.
Eggharbor, Little, s-p. and port of entry, Bur-
lington CO. N. J. on the sea coast, 60 m. fr. Phila-
delphia. Pop. 913. Shipping in 1815, 1,618
tons. The compact part of the town is called
Clamtown.
Egg Island, small isl. N. J. on the N. side oi'
Delaware bay, in Cumberland county.
Egham, v. Eng. in Surrey, 18 m. W. London.
Egholm, isl. Denmark, in the Lymfiord gulf.
Lon. 9° 51' E. Lat. 57° 4' N.
Eglisau, t. Switz. in Zurich, on the right bank
of the Rhine, 10 m. S. W. Schaffhausen.
Eglise River, de V, r. Lower Canada, which
falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 44 m. be-
low the island of Orleans.
Eglishay, one of the Orkney islands. Lon. 2°
49' W. Lat. 59° N.
Egmoni, the name of 3 villages in N. Holland,
on the sea coast, a few miles W. of Alcmaer.
Egmojit Bay, on the S. W. of the island of St.
John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, Lon. 64*^ W.
Lat. 46° 30' N.
Egmoni Island, in the gulf of Mexiqp, on the
W. coast of E. Florida. Lon. 82° 55' W. Lat.
27° 54' N.
Egmont Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 138°
30' W. Lat. 19° 20' N.
Egmont Island, JVetv Guernsey, or Santa Cruz-;
one of the Queen Charlotte's islands, in the Pa-
cific ocean. Lon. 165° 59' E. Lat. 10° 46' S.
Egremont, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 5 m. S. S. E.
Whitehaven.
Es;rcmont, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. S. S.
W. Lenox. Pop. 790.
Eguilles, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 6
m.N. W. Aix. Pop. 3,100.
Egifpt, country, Africa, bounded N. by the
E G Y
E I S
23t
Mediterranean ; E. by the Red sea and the isth-
mus of Suez; S. by Nubia; and W. by the Lyb-
ian desert. It lies on both sides of the Nile, from
its mouth to Syene, in lat. 23° a distance of 500
miles. Its breadth is nominally 200 or 300 miles,
but the only habitable part is the valley of the
Nile, which is usually 15 or 20 miles wide, and
bounded on each side by a chain of mountains,
running parallel with the river. The country
beyond the mountains, both to the east and west,
is a desert. E»ypt is divided into Uppjer and Low-
er. Lpwer Eg^ypt is composed of the Delta of the
Nile. Upper Egypt is the narrow belt of land
extending from Cairo to Syene. The soil on the
banks of the Nile is a black flat loam, and is ex-
ceedingly productive. Lower Egj'pt is annually
overflowed, and enriched by the deposit of mud
and slime, and has been celebrated, in all ages, for
its fertility. In Upper Egypt, the water is con-
veyed to the lands by machinery. The prin-
cipal productions are rice and wheat. — The
climate of this country is characterized by an al-
most entire absence of rain. It is much hotter
than that of other countries in the same latitude.
In the spring, for about 50 days, it is liable to the
terrible wind called the simoon, which threatens,
when long continued, almost the extinction of an-
imal life. — Among the diseases, are the plague,
which is commonly supposed to be indigenous in
Egypt, and to spread its ravages from thence as
from a centre ; and the ophthalmia, a severe com-
plaint affecting the eyes.
The population of Egvpt is estimated at
2,500,000. It consists of Copts, Arabs, Turks,
and, till very lately, Mamelukes. The Coj^ts ap-
pear to be the descendants of the ancient Egyp-
tians, mingled, in some degree, with the Persians
and Greeks, but kept entirely separate, by reli-
gious antipathy, from the Arabian and Turkish
Fnvaders. They reside, almost exclusively, in
Upper Egypt, and their number has been esti-
mated at 200,000.— The Arabs are the most nu-
merous part of the population. The Turks are
established to a considerable extent in the great
cities, and their numbers and power have of late
considerably increased. The Mamelukes were
originally Georgian and Circassian slaves, who,
under the Fatimite Khalifs, were brought into the
country, and became part of the military power
of the state. They were thus enabled to rise
against their masters, to massacre or expel them,
and to assume the dominion of the country. Du-
ring the invasion of Egypt, by the French, their
strength was broken, and the Turks have recently
driven them out of the country. — The govern-
ment is now administered by a Turkish pacha,
sent from Constantinople, and 24 beys or govern-
ors of provinces.
The objects which, above all others, attract the
attention of the traveller in modern Egypt, are
the stupendous monuments of ancient grandeur,
with which it is covered. These are not so
much distinguished for taste and skill, as for im-
mense size. This enormous magnitude is partic-
ularly conspicuous in the Pyramids. The largest
of these structures measures nearly 500 feet in
perpendicular height, and has a square base of
700 feet. The greater part consists of a solid
mass of masonry. The most remarkable of the
Pyramids are immediately south of Cairo, on the
opposite side of the Nile. The trade of Egypt
with Christian nations, is carried on by Alexan-
ilria; that with the other parts of the Turkish
empire by Damietta. An extensive commerce is
also maintained with the interior of Africa by
means of caravans.
Ehen, or Broad River, Eng. which runs into
the Irish sea, below Egremont.
Ehenheim, Upper, t. France, on the Ergel, 12
m. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 4,400.
Ehingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the left bank of the
Danube, 10 m. S. W. Ulm. Lon. 8° 56' 54" E.
Lat. 48° 29' 36 " N. Pop. 3,400.
Ehningen, t. Wirtemberg, 15 m. S. S. E. Stutt-
gard. Pop. 4,200.
Ehrenbreistein, or Hermannstein, a ruined for-
tress of the Prussian states, on the Rhine, oppo-
site Coblentz.
Ehrenfriedrichsdorf, or Irbersdorf, t. Saxony, 3
m. W. Wolkenetein. Lon. 12° 53' E. Lat. 50°
35' N.
Ehrenhansen, t. Lower Styria, on the left bank
of the Mur, 8 m. N. Marburg. Lou. 15° 40' 45"
E. Lat. 46° 44' 32" N.
Ehrlibach, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, remark-
able for a beautiful cascade in the rivulet of
Ehrlibach, of 40 feet.
Eibenstock, t. Saxony, in Erzgeberge, on the
MMlda, 7 m. S. W. Schwartzenberg. Lon. 12°
35' E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Eichstadt, t. Bavarian states, on the Alt, 32 m.
N. N. E. Augsburg. Lon. 11° 10' 36" E. Lat, 48°
53' 30" N. Pop. 6,000.
Eichstetten, t. Baden, 9 m. N. N. W. Freyburg.
Eide, t. Norway, 36 m. E. S. E. Bergen.
Eigg, isl. of the Hebrides, 8 m, fr. the main.
Eighteen-mile creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohiq^
18 m. below Gallipolis.
Eilenburg, t. Prussian states, in the duchy of
Saxony, on an island formed by the Mulda, 12 m.
N. E. Leipsic.
Eimbeck, t. Hanover, on the lime, 48 m. S. S.
W. Brunswick, Lon. 9° 49' E, Lat. 51° 44' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Eimeo, one of the Society islands, or rather
Georgian islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, 10 miles
long, by 5 broad. There are several harbors, of
which Taloo on the north coast is the best. The
surface of the island is hilly and rocky, with val-
lies interposed. 12 m. W. Otaheite. Lon. 150°
W. Lat. 17° 30' S. The inhabitants of this isl-
and have recently renounced idolatry, and em-
braced Christianity. See Society islands.
Einatirieh, v. Syria, 21 m. N. N. E. Damascus.
Einigenbruck, v. North Holland, 7 m. N. Alc-
maer.
Einsiedlen, v. Switz, in the canton of Schweitz,
10 m. N. E. Schweitz, 20 S. S. E. Zurich. Lon.
9°38'E. Lat. 4704' N.
Einura, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75° 16' E.
Lat. 13° 5' N.
Eisenach, a province of Germany, in the grand
duchy ol" Saxe- Weimar. Pop. 70,000.
Eitiennch, the capital of the above province, is
on the Nesse, near its union with the Horse, 26
m. W. S. W. Erfurt, 40 E. Weimar. Lon. 10°
20' 15" E. Lat. 50° 58' 55" N. Pop. 8,000.
Eisenartz, t. Germany, in Inner Austria. It is
at the foot of a hill, which contains one of the
richest iron mines known. It produces 50,000
tons of ore yearly, and gives employment to 2,500
miners and smeUers. 10 m. N. Leoben. Lon. 14°
19'45"E. Lat. 470 31' 2" N.
Eisenberg, t. Germany, in the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha. Pop. 3,300, 20 m. W. Altenburg, 30
S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 1 1° 51' E. Lat. 50° 55' N.
238
E L A
ELD
Eiseiiburg, t. Lower Hungary, on the Raab, SJB
m. W. Vesprim. Lon. 16° 48' 31" E. Lat. 47° 2'
25" N.
Eisenburg, County of, in the west part of Lower
Hungary, on the borders of Austria. It is one of
the most extensive, fertile, and populous counties
in the kingdom. Pop. 300,000.
Eisensladt, t. Hungary, on the Leytha, 27 m. S.
Vienna. Lon. 16° 23' E. Lat. 47^33' 10" N. Pop.
2,400.
Eiskoi, t. Russia, on the cast coast of the sea of
Azoph. 50 m. S. \V. Azoph. Lon. 56° E. Lat.
46° 30' N.
Eislebeji, t. Prussian states, in the province rtf
Saxony, the birth place of Martin Luther, 2 m. S.
E. Mansfeld, 12 W. Halle. Lon. 11° 31' E. Lat.
51° 53' W.
Eislingen, Great and Little, two villages, Wir-
temberg, 3 m. E. Goppingen.
Ekarma, one of the smaller Kurile islands.
Lon. 154° 29' E. Lat. 49° 30' N.
Ekaterinadara, t. Russia, in Caucasus, in Ku-
ban Tartary, and the capital of the Tchernor-
norskie, or Cossacks of the Black sea.
Ekaterineburg, or Catherinenburg, t. A. Russia,
en the Isett, 148 m. S. E. Perm. The neighbour-
ing mountains afford a variety of minerals. Here
are extensive iron founderies and forges, which
manufacture cannon and anchors. An immense
copper coinage produces 12,530 pieces daily.
This town is the seat of the supreme college for
the administration of the mines and founderies of
Siberia, Casan, Perm, and Orenburg, and takes
cognizance of 114 founderies within it^ district.
Houses 2,000. Lon. 60° 17' E. Lat. 56° 50' N.
Ekaterinograd, t. and fortress, A. Russia, in
Caucasus. It is the strongest place on the Cauca-
sian line of posts. 24 m. N. W. Mozdok. Lon.
43° 42' E. Lat. 44° 15' N.
Ekaterinoslav, t. Eu. Russia, on the Dnieper.
Its cloth manufactures are accounted the finest in
Russia. Pop. 1,800. 728 m. S. S. E. St. Peters-'
burgh. Lon. 35° 1' 45" E. Lat. 48° 27' 20" N.
Ekaterinoslav, government of Russia, extending
from 33° 40' to 39° 20' E. lon. and from 47° to 49°
N. lat. between the governments of Poltawa,
Charkov, Voronetz, the Donski Cossacks, Tauri-
da, and Cherson, and containing about 35,000 sq.
miles. The chief productions are corn, millet,
melons, fruits, and hemp. Pop. 560,000.
Ekenas, s-p. Eu. Russia, on the N. coast of the
gulf of Finland. Pop. 1,260. 50 m. S. E. Abo.
Lon. 23° 18' E. Lat. 59° 58' iN.
. Ekeroe, one of the Aland isles, in the Baltic, W.
of the principal island. Here is a telegraph sta-
tion.
Ekron, in Sac. Gfoy. the most northerly of the
5 principal cities of the Philistines. It stood 34
m. W. Jerusalem, 14 N. y\.shdod. It was assigned
to the tribe of Judah, and afterwards to the tribe
of Dan.
Elaase. See Orontes.
Elalia, a large mass of ruins in Tunis, supposed
to be the Acolla or Jlcillia of the ancients ; 90 m.
S. S. E. Tunis.
Elaman, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu-
phrates, 15 m. S. W. liacca-
Eland, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Cal-
der, 2 m. fr. Halifax.
Elath, in Sac. Geog. s-p. Idumea, on a bay of
the Red sea, now called Ailah.
Elatma, t. Eu. Russia, on the Oka, 132 m. N.
Tambov. Lon. 41° 42' E. Lat. 55° 2' N. Pop.
2,100.
Elba, isl. on the coast of Italy, opposite to the
grand duchy of Tuscany, 60 m. in circumference.
Its general aspect is mountainous, and its climate
salubrious. Here are cultivated vines, olives,
fruits, corn, and maize. It has 2 harbors, Porto
Ferrajo, the capital, and Porto Longone. This
island was the residence of Bonaparte from May
1814 to 26th February 1815. It now belongs to
the grand duke of Tuscany. Lon. of Porto Fer-
i-ajo, 10° 19' 35" E. Lat. 42° 49' 6"N.
Elbe, a large river of Germany, w^hich rises
amid the mountains on the borders of Silesia, and
passing through Bohemia, entei's Saxony, and
passes successively Dresden, Meissen, Torgau, and
Wittenberg, and continuing a northward course,
runs through the territory of Magdeburg, and the
duchies of Mecklenburg and Lauenburg, until it
finally discharges itself into the German ocean,
about 70 miles below Hamburgh. It communi-
cates with the Havel, Trave, and Weser, by ca-
nals. The navigation of the Elbe up to Ham-
burgh is difficult on account of its numerous sand
banks, and the occasional violence of the wind.
Elbe, r. Germany, which runs into the Eder, 2
m. S. S. E. Fritzlar.
Elberfeld, t. Prussian States, in the province of
Cleves and Berg, district of Dusseldorf, in a pleas-
ant valley on the Wupper. The inhabitants are
actively employed in manufactures, particularly
of linen, ribbons, lace, siamoise, and similar stuffs.
18 m. E. Dusseldorf, 20 N. E. Cologne. Lon. 7°
8'E. Lat. 51'M2'N.
Elbert, co. in the Western district of Geo. be-
tween Savannah and Broad rivers. Pop. 12,156.
Slaves, 4,574. Chief town, Elberton.
Elberton, p-t. and cap. Elbert co. Geo. on Sa-
vannah river, 23 m . N. W. Petersburg, 73 from
Milledgeville. Pop. 122.
Elberton, t. Effingham co. Geo. on the Ogechee,
19 m. W. Ebenezer, 48 N. W. Savannah.
Elbing, r. which issues from the lake of Drou-
sen, near the town of Elbing, and falls into the
Frische Haff. It is joined to the Nogat by means
of a canal.
Elbing, t. Prussia, on the Elbing, near its mouth.
It supplies the adjacent countries with foreign
merchandize ; and has manufactures of soap, to-
bacco, starch, and oil. Pop. 16,800. 30 m. S.E. .
Dantzic. Lon. 19° 2 1' 57" E. Lat. 54° 7' 54" N.
Elbingeroda, t. Prussian States, 6 m. S. E. Go-
slar. Lon. 10° 47' E. Lat. 51° 47' N. Pop.
2,350.
Elboevf, t. France, on the Seine. Here is a
celebrated manufactory of Avoollen cloths. Pop.
6,000. 10 m. S. Rouen, 65 N. W. Paris. Lon.
58' E. Lat. 49° 20' N.
Elbridge, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Elhurg, t. Netherlands, on the Zuyder Zee, 34
m. N. N. E. Utrecht. Lon. 5° 54' E. Lat. 52°
30' N.
El-Carpio, v. Spain, on the Guadalquivir, 18
m. fr. Cordova.
Elche, t. Spain, in Valencia. It has manufac-
tures of soap and leather. Pop. 15,000. 8 m, S.
W. Alicant. Lon. 1° 37' W. Lat. 38° 29' N.
Elchingen, v. Bavarian states, on the Danube,
5 m. below Ulm.
Elda, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 20 m.
W. N. W. Alicant. Pop. 4,000.
Elde, r. Germany, falls into the Elbe, near Do?
mitz.
E L I
Eldridge^ t. Huron co. Ohio.
Elealeh, in Sac. Geog. a place 1 m. fr. Hesh-
bon.
Eleanor, Point, the N. extremity of Knight's
island, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213° 4
E. Lat. 60° 37' N.
Eleanor's Cove, a harbor on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 220° 51' E. Lat. 59° 44' N.
Eltdgia, V. Armenia, where there is a hot
spring, 21m. fr. Erzerum.
Elephant Isle, a small island 5 m. in circumfer-
ence, between Bombay and the W. coast of India,
celebrated for its wonderful cave, and mytholo-
gical sculptures. Lon. 73° E. Lat. 18° 57' N.
Elephantina, isl. in 'the Nile, opposite Syene,
remarkable for the ruins with which it is cov-
ered.
Eletz, t. Eu. 'Russia, in Orel, 115 m. E. S. E.
Orel.
Eleven-point river, Missouri, runs into White
river.
Ekusis, the modern Lefchimo, t. Attica, 12 m.
N. W. Athens.
Eleuthera, or Alabaster Island, one of the larg-
est of the Bahama islands. Lat. 24° 39' N. Lon.
76° 22' W.
Elfdal, V. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, 65 m. N. N.
W. Falilun. Lon. 13° 58' E. Lat. 61° 14' 30" N.
Elfsborg, New, fort, Sweden, in West Gothland,
on an island at the mouth of the Moldal, 4 m. W.
Gothenburg.
Elga, r. Portugal, which runs into the Tagus,
near Alcantara, sepai-ating Spain and Portugal,
during its whole course of about 30 miles.
Elgin. See Moray.
Elgin, t. Scotland, cap. of Elgin co. on the Los-
sie, 5 m. above its influx into the German ocean.
It is a royal borough. 63^ m. N. W. Aberdeen,
144 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 4' W. Lat. 57° 58'
N. Pop. 4,602.
Elham, or Eleham, t. Eng. in Kent, 10 m. S.
Canterbury.
Elichpoor, district. Hind, in Berar, between 20°
and 22° N. lat. — Elichpoor, the capital, stands on
a branch of the Burda river, and is fortified. Lou.
78° 5' E. Lat. 2\° 12' N.
Elizabeth, t. Alleghany co. Pa. on the E. side of
the Monongahela, 18 m. S. S. E. Pittsburg. Pop.
2,368.
Elizabeth, r. Va. is formed by the union of 2
branches, at Norfolk, and flows into Hampton
Road, 8 miles below. It ie from 150 to 200 fath-
oms wide, and at common floods has 18 feet water
to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see
Craney Island. The canal, connecting the wa-
ters of Albemarle sound with Chesapeake bay,
communicates with the S. branch of Elizabeth
river, 9 m. above Norfolk.
Elisabethgrad, t. and fort, Eu. Russia, in Cher-
son, on the Ingul, 108 m. W. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
32° 27' 45" E. Lat. 48° 30' 17" N.
Elizabeth'' s Bay, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan. Lon. T3P 24' W. Lot.
53043' S.
Elizabeth Cape, the N. E. point at the entrance
of Cook's inlet. Lat. 59° 9' N.— There is another
cape of this name, on the Main. Lat. 43° 22' N.
Elizabeth city, co. Va. between York and James
rivers, having York and Warwick counties on
theW. Pop. 3,608. Slaves, 1,734. Chief town,
Hampton.
^lizabeth city, p-t, and cap. Pasquotank co. N.
ELK
239
If
C. on Pasquotank river, 40 m. N. E. Edenton, 60
S. Norfolk, with which it has a water communi-
cation by the canal. The public buildings are a
court-house and jail, and 4 churches, 2 for Bap-
tists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for quakers.
Elizabeth islands, on the S. coast of Mass. be-
tween Martha's Vineyard and the Maine, belong-
ing to Duke's county. Lon. 70° 38'— 70° 56' W.
Lat. 41° 24'— 41° 32' N. They are about 16 in
number, the principal of which are Nashawn,
Pasqui, Nashawenua, Pinequese, and Chatta-
hunk,
Elizabeth Island, isl. in the straits of Magel-
lan. Lon. 71° 45' W. Lat. 52° 50' N.
Elizabethtovm, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence, 35 m. N. E. Kingston.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Essex co. N. Y. on
lake Champlain, 130 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1,362.
It contains a court-house and jail, and a State ar-
senal. North-west bay, on lake Champlain, is in
this town, and there is a ferry to Panton, in Ver-
mont.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and bor. Essex co. N. J. 6 m.
S. Newark, 15 W. S. W. New York. Lon. 74®
12' W. Lat. AQ^ 38' N. Pop. 2,977. It is pleas-
antly situated on Elizabethtown creek, which
empties into Staten island sound, and contains an
academy, bank, and 3 houses for public worship,
1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for
Methodists. The Presbyterian and Episcopalian
churches arc handsome brick buildings. Vessels
of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those
of 200 or 300 tons come as far as Elizabethtown
Point, at the mouth of the creek, 2 miles distant.
A steam-boat plies between the city of New York
and Elizabethtown Point.
Elizabethtown, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 18 m.N.
W, Lancaster, 80 W. by N. Philadelphia. Pop.
677.
Elizabethtown. See Hagarstown.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Bladen co. N. C,
on the N. W. branch of Cape-Fear river, 40 m.
above Wilmington, 55 below Fayetteville.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Carter co. Ten, 25
m. E. Blountsville.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Harden co. Ken,
45 m. S. by W. Blountsville. Pop. 181.
Elizabethtown, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana.
Elizavillc, p-v. Fleming co. Ken.
Elk, V. of the eastern shore of Maryland, is
formed by the union of Big and Little Elk creeks,
at Elkton, and flows into the Chesapeake 13 mile&
below.
Elk, r. rises on the W. side of the Cumberland
mountains, in Tennessee, and flowing S. W, into
Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above
the Muscle Shoals, 40 m. W. N. W. Creeks cross-
ing-place.
Elk, t. Athens co. Ohio.
Elk creek, Pa. unites with Pcnn's creek, and
falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Sunbnry.
Elk creek, Ohio, runs into the Miami, in Madi-
son, Butler CO.
Elkhorn, r. Ken. runs into Kentucky river, 8 m
below Frankfort.
Elkhorn, t. Montgomery co. Missouri.
Elk lake, between lake of the Woods and lake
Superior. Lon. 93° W. Lat. 48° 41' N.
Elkland, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 9 1 .
Elklick, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,118,
Elkmarsh, p-v. Fauqier co. Va.
Elkoddam, v. Syria, 2 m. "=. Dama."-i»
240
ELL
Elkridge, t. Anne-Arundel co. Md. on the S.
bank of the Patapsco, 8 m. S. W. Baltimore. It
j's noted for its tobacco called kite''s foot.
Elkrun, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 782.
Elkrun churchy p-v. Fauquier co. Va.
Elkton, p-t. and cap. Cecil co. Md. at the forks
of Elk river, 13 m. above its mouth, at Turkey
point, 12 m. S. W. Christiana-bridg^e, 10 N.
Charleslown, 47 S. W. Philadelphia, 56 N. E. Bal-
timore. The tide flows up to the town, and there
was formerly a brisk trade between Philadelphia
and Baltimore, through this place. The village is
well-built, and the public buildings are a court-
house and jail, a bank, and a Methodist church.
Elkton, p-t. Giles co. Ten.
Elkton, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Ellen, r. En». which runs ivito the Irish sea at
Maryport, in Cumberland.
Elknborough, v. Eng. in Cumberland, 6 m. N.
Cockermouth.
Ellerbach, r, Germany, which runs into the Mo-
gelle, 10 m. above Beilstein.
Ellesmere, t. Eng. in Salop, 16 m. N. Shrews-
bury.
EllfeUL, t. Duchy of Nassau, on the Rhine, 14
m. N. W. Mentz.
Ellicott, t. Chatauque do. (N. Y.) S. E. of Cha-
tauque.
Ellicotts, or Eleven-mile creek, N. Y. runs into
the Tonnewanta, at its entrance into Niagara
river.
Ellicotts cross-roads, p-v. Cumberland co. Ken.
,Ellicotts mills, p-v. Baltimore co. Md.
Ellicotlsville. See Selsertown.
Ellingen, t. Franconia, 4 m. N. Weissenburg.
Lon. 10° 55' E. Lat. 48° 59' N.
Ellington, t Tolland co. Ct. 13 m. N. E. Hart-
ford. Pop, 1,344.
Elliot, a missionary station of the American
Board of Foreign Missions, among the Choctaw
Indians, within the chartered limits of the State
of Mississippi, on the Yalo Busha creek, about 30
m. above its junction with the Yazoo, 400 m. W.
S. W. Brainerd, 145 fr. the Walnut Hills; which
last mentioned place is a little below the entrance
of the Yazoo into the Mississippi, and about 130
above Natchez. Lon. 89° 50' W. Lat. 33° 30' N.
By means of the Yalo Busha, Yazoo, and Missis-
sippi, Elliot has a water communication with New
Orleans. In the summer of 1818, this place Was
an entire wilderness. In 1820, 50 or 60 acres of
excellent land had been cleared for cultivation, a
good proportion of it bottom land of inexhaustible
fertility; 8 commodious log cabins had been erect-
ed for dwelling-houses, and, together with a
schoolhousc on the Lancasterian plan, a mill-
house, blacksmith's shop, and various other build-
ings. See Choctaus and the Appendix.
Elliotts Island, small isl. in the gulf of Florida,
near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 8° 25' W.
Lat. 25° 32' N.
Ellis, r. Oxford co. Maine, runs into the An-
droscoggin, in Rumford.
Ellis, V. Coos CO. N. H. runs into the Saco, at
Bartlett.
Ellisbtirg, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake Onta-
rio. Pop. 1,728. It is well situated for trade.
Ellis'' s Island, a small isl. in the Florida stream,
at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 81*^
10' W. Lat. 24° 50' N.
Ellis Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 56° 31' N.
Eilimlle, p-v. Warren co. N. C
ELS
Ellon, V. Scotland, in Aberdeensliire, 17 ra. \V
Aberdeen.
Ellore, one of the north circars, on the W. side
of the bay of Bengal, between 16° and 17° N. lat.
Ellore, the capital, is on the N. side of the Colair
lake, through which it has been proposed to carry
a canal from the river Godavery to the Kistnah.
Lon. 81° 10' E. Lat. 16° 45' N.
Ellisville, or Lower Blue Lick, p-v. Nicholas co.
Ken.
Ellsworth, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 24 m. N. E.
Castine. Pop. 614.
Ellsworth, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. N. N. W,
Plymouth. Pop. 142.
Ellsworth, p-v. and S. parish, in Sharon, Litch-
field CO. Ct. 12 m. W. Litchfield.
Ellsworth, t. Trumbull co. Ohio^on the W. side
of Canfield, 14 m. S. Warren.*
Ellwangen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m.
N. Ulm. Lon. 10° 12' E. Lat. 48° 57' N.
Elma, t. Russia, at the conflux of the Elmfiand
Petchora, 312 m. E. Archangel.
Elmeley, or Ebnlei/, isl. Eng. at the mouth of the
Thames, separated by a narrow stream from the
island of Sheppey.
Elmeshorn, t. Deumark, in Holstein, 18 m. N.
W. Hamburg.
Elmham, JVorth, v. Eng. in Norfolk, 5 m. E.
Dereham.
Elmina, or St. George del Mina, the capital oi
the Dutch settlements in W. Africa, and the most
respectable fortress on the Gold coast. It is on
a peninsula, formed by a small river wliich runs
nearly parallel with the sea. The river, though
email, will admit a' essels of a hundred tons bur-
den at high water, and they may load and unload
under the walls of the castle. Pop. 15,000. Lon.
2° 30' W. Lat. 5° 10' N.
Elmira, or KeAotown, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. oc.
Tioga river, at the mouth of Elmira creek, 20 m.
W. Spencer, 16 E. Painted-post. Pop. 2,169. A
canal is contemplated to connect Seneca lake with
Tioga river, at this place.
Elmore, t. Hind, in Cicacole. Lon. 84° 10' E.
Lat. 18° 24' N.
Elmore, t. Orleans co. Vt. 16 m. N. Montpelier.
Pop. 157.
Elmser Point, cape, on the N. coast of the isle of
Wight. Lon. 1° 14' E. Lat. 50° 43' N.
Elmsley, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Elnbogen, t. Bohemia, on the Eger, 30 m. N. f .
Eger, 75 N. N. W. Prague. Lon. 12° 45' E. Lat.
50° 10' N.
Elne, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 6 m. S.
S. E. Perpignan. Lon. 2° 58' 23" E. Lat. 42° 35
34'/ N.
Elan, in Sac. Geog. a town belonging to the Le-
vites, in the tribe of Dan. Tliere was another
town of this name in the tribe of Zebulon,
Elora t. Hind, in Aurungabad, remarkable for
its mineral spring, and its temple- cut out of the
solid rock. Lon. 76° E. Lat. 19° 56' N.
Elphin, y. Ireland, in Roscommon, 75 m. from
Dublin.
Elrich, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 6 m.
N. W. Nordhausen. Lon. 10° 40' E. Lat. 51°
37' N.
Elsenborough, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 517.
Elsfleth, t. Grand duchy of Oldenburg, at the
conflux of the Hunter with the Weser, 17 m. E.
N. T.. Oldenburg. Lon. 8° 26' 19" E. Lat. 43° 11'
21" N.
Ehinore, or Elsineur, s-p. Denmark, in Zea-
E M B
\divi, on the W. side of the Sound, nearly oppo-
site Helsingberg-, in Sweden, at the part where
the Sound is less than 4 miles across. Elsinore has
no harbor, but an excellent roadsted, generally
crowded with vessels anchoring here, either to pay
toll or to take in stores. The product of the toll
varies from 120,000/. to 150,000/. sterling. 20 m.
N. Copenhagen. Lon. 12° 37' 48" E. Lat. 50° 2'
15" N.
Els7iappen, s-p. Sweden, in Westmannland, on
the Baltic, 32 m. E. N. E. Nykioping.
Elsler, two rivers of Germany, one of which
passes by Leipsic, and falls into the SaaJe. The
other falls into the Elbe, Q m. above Wittenberg.
Elsterberg, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, on the
White Elster, 15 m. S. W. Zwickau. Lon. 10°
9'E. Lat. 50° 31' N.
Ehteru-crda, t. Germany, on the^Elster, at the
influx of the Pulsnitz, 26 m. N. N. W. Dresden.
Lon. 13° 28' E. Lat. 51° 25' N.
Elstree, or Idlestree, v. Eng. in Hertford and
Middlesex, 11m. fr. London.
Eltham, t. Eng. in Kent, 8 m. S. S. E. London.
EUman, t. Franconia, on the Maine, 8 m. W.
N. W, Bamberg. Lon. 10° 43' E. Lat. 49° 58' N.
Ellon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 1 m. fr. Bury.
Ellon, an extensive salt lake of Russia, in Sara-
tov. It yields about 100,000 tons annually.
Ellvil. See Ell/eld.
Elvas, or Yelves, a strong frontier t. Portugal,
in Alentejo, near the Guadiana, 3 leagues W. of
the Spanish fortress of Badajoz, 50 m. N. E. Evo-
ra, 112 E. Lisbon. Lon. 6° 52' W. Lat. 38° 44i
N. Pop. 16,000.
Elven, t. France, in Morbihan, 1 1 m. N. E. Van-
nes. Pop. 3,900.
Elvira, t. Illinois, on the waters of Cash river.
Ely, city, Eng. in Cambridge co. on the Ouse,
m a marshy district, called the Isle of Ely. It
has a fine and venerable cathedral, which ex-
tends in length 517 feet, having a tower at the W. .
end 270 feet in height. The bishop of Ely has a
civil jurisdiction over the isle, combined with his
ecclesiastical powers, whereby he appoints a
judge to determine all causes, holds assizes, and
exercises other magisterial functions. Ely is the
only city in England not represented in parlia-
ment Pop. 4,249. 14 m. N. Cambridge, 66 N.
London.
Ely, t. Scotland, in Fife co, on the N. shore of
i he frith of Forth. Pop. 886. 6 m. E. Largo.
Ely, t Richelieu and Buckingham counties,
j^ower Canada, E. of Montreal.
Elyia, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio.
Elysian-Jidds, p-v. Amite co. Mississippi.
Elze, t. Hanover, 9 m. S. W. Hildesheim. Lon.
; 1° 57' E. Lat. 52° 6' N.
Embabe, v. Egypt, opposite to Boulac the port
cif Cairo. Near Embabe, was fought, in 1798,
the battle between Bonaparte and the Mamelukes,
( ailed the Battle of the Pyramids.
Embarrass, r. Illinois, runs into the Wabash, a
] ittle below Vincennes.
Embden, s-p. Hanover, on the Ems, at its in-
flux into the North sea, at the bay of Dollart. It
has a spacious and secure harbor, Lon. 7° 1 1' 1 "
E. Lat. 53° 22' 3" N.
Embden, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Kennebec
river, 16 m. N. Norridgewock. Pop. 351.
Embiez, small isl. France, 8 m. S. W. Toulon.
Lon. 5° 47' E. Lat. 43^ 4' 35" N.
Emboli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, at the
31
END
241
mouth of the Strymon, 6 m. W. Conlcfisa, 45 E.
Saloniki.
Embrun, t. France, in Upper Alps, 55 m. S. W.
Grencble. Lon. 6° 25' 9" E. Lat. 44° 34' 7" N.
Embs, t. subject to Austria, on the Upper
Rhine, 10 m. S. Bregentz.
Embs, r. Holland, which runs into the Zuyder
Zee.
Emdon Khal, v. Algiers, on the borders of the
Sahara, 58 m. S. Seteef.
Emersonville, p-t. Gibson co. Indiana.
Emery'' s river, small r. Roane co. Ten. runs into
Clinch river, 7 m. above Kingston.
Emfras, t. Abyssinia. Lon. 37° 38' 30" E- Lat.
12° 12' 38" N.
Emley. See Elmeley.
Emmanuel, co. Geo. on Ogechee river, which
separates it from Burke co.
Emmaus, in Sac. Geog. the name of 2 villages
inJudea: one of which was situated in a plain
near Tiberias; the other, of which mention is
made in Luke, was in the tribe of Judah, about 8
m. W. Jerusalem, and, according to Nicephorus,
is now called jYicopolis.
Emmaus, p-t. Northampton co. Pa.
Emmendingen, t. Baden, 19 m. S. S. E. Stras»
burg. Lon. 8° 42' E. Lat. 48° 75' N.
Emmerich, t. Prussian states, on the right bank
of the Rhine, 5 m. N. E. Cleves. Lon. 6° 14' 61 '
E. Lat. 51° 49' 52 " N.
Emmittsburg, p-v. Frederick co. Md, between
Flat run and Tom's creek, the western sources of
Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Pennsylvania line, 24 N.
E. Fredericktown, 50 N. W. Baltimore. Lat. 39®
10'30"N.
Emouy, Amoy, or Hiamen, isl. China, near the
S. E. coast. Lon. 118° 22' E. Lat. 24° 30' N.
Empoli, t. Tuscany, on the Arno^ 18 m. S. W,
Florence.
Emposta, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 14
m. S. Tortosa.
Ems, r. Germany, whiqh runs into the bay of
Dollart, in the North sea, a little below Embden.
Enara, an extensive lake of Swedish Lapland^
40 miles long, and 16 broad. It communicates
with the North sea. Lon. 27° 44' E. Lat. 69^
15' N.
Enckhuysen, s-p. Holland, on the W. side of the
Zuyder Zee. The chief eniployment of the in-
habitants is ship-building, the herring fishery, and
the manufacture of salt. 8 m. N. E. Hoorn, 25
N. N. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 17' 41'' E. Lat.
52° 42' 22" N.
Endeavour River, on the N. coast of New Hol-
land. Lat. 19° 26' S.
Endeax'our Straits, channel, which separates
the island of New Guinea from the N. W. coast of
New PloUand, about 30 miles long, by 15 wide.
Endelave, small isl. Denmark, a little to the E.
of Jutland. Lon. 10° 16' E. Lat. 55° 45' N.
Endian, t, Persia, in Kuzistan, which trades
with Bassora and Bebahan. Pop. 4,000 or 5,000.
Lat. 30^ 18' N.
Eridingen, t. Baden, 7 m. N. W. Friburg.
Endless Mountains, a, name sometimes given to
the Alleghany mountains.
Endor, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Manas-
geh, 4 m. S. E. Mount Tabor.
Endrachfs Land, or CoTicord, an extensive low
and sterile tract of the W. coast of New Holland,
in which is Dampier or Shark's bay.
Endrick, r. Scotland, which falls into L©chlo»
mond.
242
E N G
E N G
Endrie, t. A. Russia, on the river Akatsch, 20
m. I'r. the Caspian sea. It is the joint property of
several Tartar princes, who acknowledge the au-
thority of the Russians.
Enesei, or Yenexei, r. Siberia, which rises in the
borders of Chinese Tartary, and, taking a N.
course, runs into the Frozen ocean, in Ion. 82° 14'
E. lat. 72° 20' N.
Eneseisk, or Yeneseisk, t. Siberia, in Tobolsk,
on the Enesei. Lon. 91° 50' E. Lat. 58° 16' N.
Evjitld, t. Eng. in Middlesex, 9 m. N. London.
Enjield, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 10 m. S. E. Dart-
mouth College, 42 N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,291.
It contains a village of about 40 houses, which is
on Mascony pond ; and a village of Shakers.
Enjield, t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the E. side of
Belchcrtown.
Enfield, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of
Connecticut river, opposite Suffield, with which
it is connected by a bridge, 16 m. N. Hartford.
Pap. 1,846. Here is a settlement of Shakers.
Enjield, p-t. Halifax co. N. C.
Engadine, a beautiful valley of Switzerland, in
tlie Grison country, along both sides of the Inn.
Engano, isl. in the E. Indian sea, off the S. W.
coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102° 20' E. Lat. 10*^
Engedi, in Sac. Geog. t. in the wilderness of
the tribe of Judah, near the N. VV. corner of the
Dead sea. Its earlier name was Hasazon-tamar.
Engclholm, s-p. Sweden, in a bay, on the E.
side of the Cattegat, 45 m. N. W. Christianstadt.
Lon. 12° 52' 45" E. Lat. 56^ 14' 20" N.
Engdsberg, t. Austrian Silesia, 22 m. W. N. W.
Troppau. Lon. 7° 15' E. Lat, 49° 54' N.
E^igen, t. Baden, 22 m. W. Constance. Lon.
8° 46' E. Lat. 47° 53' N.
Enger, t. Westphalia, 20 m. S. W. Minden.
Lon. 8^- 23' E. Lat. 52° 8' N.
Eiighien, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 15 m. S.
W. Brussels. Lon. 3° E. Lat. 50° 40 N. Pop.
3,050.
Engia, (an. ^gina,') isl. of Greece, situated in
the gulf of Engia, between the coasts of Livadia
and the Morea. It is about 30 miles in circuni-
ference. 25 m. S. S. W. Atliens. Lon. 23° 35'
E. Lat. 37° 45' N.
Engia, Gulf of, or Gulf of Athe^is, an arm of
the Archipelago, on the E. coast of Greece. It
is about 25 miles wide at the mouth, and 60 long,
from N. to S-
Englaiid, the soutliern and most considerable
division of Great Britain, bounded N. by Scot-
land ; S. by the English channel, which divides it
frohf France ; E. by the German ocean ; and W.
by Wales, the Atlantic ocean, and the Irish chan-
nel. It is of a triangular figure, and extends
from 50° to 55° 40' N. lat. and from l^oO' E. to 6°
W. lon. From N. to S. it is 400 miles long, and
in some places 300 broad. The superficial extent
is about 50,000 sq. miles, or 32,000,000 acres. Of
these, it is calculated, that about 10,500,000 acres
are in cultivation for tillage, and about 14,200,000
in pasturage ; 3,000,000 more are capable of be-
ing brought into cultivation. The population of
England and Wales was about 5^ millions in 1700;
in 1750, 6i millions; in 1770, 7i millions; in
1790,8,676,000; in 1801, 9,168,000 ; andinlSll,
30,488,000.
The country is divided into 40 counties, which
Vill be found in the following table, with the pop-
ulation and extent of each.
Area in
COUNTIES.
Population
square
in 1811.
miles.
Bedlbrd, - -
72,600
430
Berks, - - -
122,300
744
Bucks, -
121,606
748
Cambridge,
104,500
686
Chester,
234,600
1,017
Cornwall,
233,900
1,407
Cumberland, - -
138,300
1,497
Derby, - - -
191,700
1,077
Devon,
396,100
2,488
Dorset, -
128,900
1,129
Durham,
183,600
1,040
Essex, ...
260,900
1,525
Gloucester, -
295,100
1,122
Hereford,
97,300
'971
Hertford, -
115,400
602
Hun tingdon, -
43,700
345
Kent,
385,600
1,462
Lancashire,
856,000
1,806
Leicester,
155,000
816
Lincoln,
245,900
2,787
Middlesex, -
985,100
297
Monmouth,
64,200
516
Norfolk, - -
301,800
2,013
Northampton, -
146,100
965
Northumberland, -
177,900
1,809
Nottingham, -
168,400
774
Oxford,
125,200
742
Rutland, - -
17,000
200
Salop,
200,800
1,403
Somerset,
313,300
1,549
Southampton, - -
253,300
1,533
Stafford, -
304,000
1,196
Suffolk,
242,900
1,566
Surrey, - - -
334,700
811
Sussex,
196,500
1,461
Warwick,
236,400
984
Westmoreland,
47,500
722
Wilts, -
200,300
1,283
Worcester, -
165,900
674
York, East,
173,000
1,268
North,
157,600
2,112
West,
675,100
2,633
Elngland,
9,855,400
60,210
Wales,
632,600
8,125
110,488,000 58,335
Of the population, 1,789,531 persons were em-
ployed in trade, manufactures, and handicraft,
and 1,524,227 in agriculture. The soil of Eng-
land is various, but a great proportion good, and
under excellent cultivation. The principal pro-
ductions are wheat, barley, oats, rye, French
wheat, beans, and peas. The climate is liable to
sudden and frequent changes, and to great varia-
tions of drj'^ness and moisture. The general
range of the thermometer is from 86 degrees in
summer to 16 and 10 in winter. The prevailing
winds are the west and south-west.
The manufactures of England are of prodigious
extent. The manufacture of wool is one of the
most ancient. At the end of the 15th centuiy,
the total value of woollen manufactured, was es-
timated at 8,000,000/. ; in 1783, at 16,800,000/. ;
in 1800, at 19,800,000/. ; and it docs not appear
to have increased much since. The value of the
woollen manufactures exported was, in 1790,
5,190,637/. ; in 1800, 6,918,175/. ; in 1812.
E N G
5,084,991/. The cotton manufacture w 9! rec«ht
establishment. In 1705, the cotton imported,
amounted to 1,170,881 pounds. But the invention
of Sir Richard Arkwright's celebrated machinery
ffave a rapid extension to the cotton manufacture.
In 1781, about five million pounds of cotton were
imported; in 1787, 22,176,887; in 1812, (in-
cluding Scotland,) 91,662,344; and in 1818,
124,996,427. The official value of the cotton
manufactures, and cotton yarn, exported, ia
1805, amounted to 9,857,348/. ; and in 1815,
to 17,869,102/. The hardware manufactures,
of iron and steel, copper and brass, are next
in importance. The annual value of the iron
and steel articles manufactured, may be esti-
mated at 10,000,000/. annually.— The silk and
linen manufactures are carried on in England,
but not to any great extent. English earthen-
ware is finished with beauty and taste, and in
great variety, principally at the potteries of Staf-
fordshire; and glass is manufactured in various
parts, chiefly in Newcastle, Sunderland, and Bris-
tol. China ware of a very superior quality is
made in Derby and Worcester. In London, eve-
ry sort of fine and elegant manufacture is carried
on, such as cutlery, jewellery, articles of gold
and silver, japan ware, cut glass, cabinet and
upholstery work, and gentlemen's carriages,
clocks, watches, fee.
The commerce of England consists almost
wholly in the exchange of her manufactures for
the raw produce of other parts of the world.
— The following is an official account of the value
of the whole exports and imports of England from
the year 1719 :
Years. Imports. 1 Exports.
ln\9, 1753677499 L. 6,834,716
1729, 7,540,620 8,239,924
1739, 7,829,373 8,843,624
1749, 7,917,804 12,678,758
1759, 8,922,976 13,947,788
1769, 11,908,560 13,438,236
1779, 1 10,762,240 12,352,052
1789, 16,408,040 17,989,395
1799, 24,483,841 31,723,727
1809, 27,142,541 45,918,663
1814, 24,362,124 37,647,874
There are employed in carrying on this extensive
trade about 17,000 vessels, o"f the burden of about
2,100,000 tons, and navigated by 130,000 men and
boys.
The King is considered the supreme head of the
church of England. The episcopal establishment
consists of the two archbishops of Cantei'bury
and York, and of 24 bishops, wlio have the privi-
lege of a seat in the house of peers. There is also
the bishop of Sodor and Man, who is not possessed
of this privilege. The archbishop of Canterbury
is the primate of all England, and takes prece-
dence of all persons, with the exception of the
royal family. The bishops of Eondon, Durham,
and Winchester, take precedence of all the other
bishops, and the others rank according to the sen-
iority of their consecrations. The next order is
that of the archdeacons, of whom there are about
50 ; after these are the deacons, vicars, rectors,
snd curates, on whom devolve the substantial du-
ties of the priesthood. The revenue appropriated
i,o the support of the church of England, may be
estimated at about 3,000,000/. which is principally
■lerived from tithes.
The con°fitutionof England is a limited mon-
E N T
^43
farchy. The executive powers are vested in the
king, who acts through the medium of responsible
advisers. The legislative power resides in the
king, lords, and commons. The commons are
elected by the people as their representatives, to
watch over their interests, and to act as a control
on the executive. Justice, both civil and crimin-
al, is administered by judges appointed by the
crown, but who hold their offices independent of
it. — For farther particulars respecting England-
see Britain.
Engle/ield, v. Eng. in Berks, 5 m. W. Reading.
English Cote, bay, on the S. W. coast of New
Ireland, 7 m. N. N. W. Cape St. George.
English Harbor, a fine harbor in the island of
Antigua, on the S. shore. Lon. 6P 27' 30" W.
Lat. 17°8'25"N.
English Island, or Long Island, small isl. near
the coast of Natolia, at the entrance of the guff
of Smyrna. Lon. 26° 24' E. Lat. 38° 38' N.
English neighborhood, v. Bergen co. N. J. on a
N. E. branch of the Hackinsac, W, of Fort Lee»
English Point, cape, in the river St. Lawrence.
Lon. ~6\° 45' W. Lat. 49° 40' N.— There is an«
other cape of this name, on the S. coast of Neyr-
loundland. Lon. 53° 29' W. Lat. 46° 49' N.
English town, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J. 18 m.
E. Princeton, 2) W. Shrewsbury.
English turn, {Detour des ^7iglois,) a bend of
Mississippi river, 18 m. below New Orleans, 87
above the Balize. It is defended by forts.
Enguias, r. of the Sahara, in Africa, which
falls into the Atlantic. Lat. 26= 40^ N.
Enlcioping, t. Sweden, 21 m. S. W. Upsal.
Ennezat, t. France, in ?uy de Dome, G m. E«
N. E. Riom.
Ennis, or Clare, t Ireland, cap. of Clare co. on
the Fergus, 17 m. N. W. Limerick, 112 S. W.
Dublin.
Enniscorthy, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 10 m. E.
W^exford, 59 S. W. Dublin.
Enniskillen, t. Ireland, cap. of Fermanagh co.
on an island in Lough Erne, 10 m. N. Wexfordv
Pop. 3,208.
Enns, t. Austria, 42 m. E. S. E. Passau, 80 W.
Vienna. Lon. 14° 29' E. Lat. 48^20' N.
Enns, r. Austria, which riseS in the duchy of
Saltzburg, flows through Styria, and Lower
Austria, and falls into the Danube, at the town
of Enns. It is navigable in the lower part q[ its
course, but in Styria it has several considerable
cataracts.
Eno, r. jS. C. which unites with Little river
and Flat river, 17 m. below Hillsborough, in Or-
ange CO. to form the Neuse.
Enon, in Sac, Geog. t. between Salim and the
Jordan, about 8 m. S. Bethshan, and 52 N, E. Je-
rusalem.
Enoree, r. S. C. a N. W. branch of Broad river.
Its mouth is 3 miles below the mouth of Tyger
river.
Enos, maritime t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 28
m.N.W. Gallipoli, 63 S. Adrianople. Lon. 26°
1' E. Lat. 40° 40' N. Pop. 7,750. It is the en-
trepot of all the merchandize interchanged be-
tween Adrianople and Smyrna.
Enosburg, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Missisque
river, 35 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 704.
Enowlawkaia, v. A. Russia, in Astrakhan, 20
m. S. E. Tchernoyar.
Ensene. See Made.
Entraigues, t. France, in Aveyron, at the con-
flueD(ie of the Truyere and Lot, 1 8 m. N. Rhodez*
244
£ P H
E R I
Entnuras, i. France, in Mayeune, 6 m. from
Laval.
Enlre Ducro e MinJio, the mo?t northern prov-
ifnce of Portugal. Its capital is Braga, but its lar-
gest town is Oporto. Pop. 900,000. It produces
maize, oil, fruit, and the well known port wine.
Entrevaux, t. France, on the Var, 16 m. E.N,
E. Castellane. Lon. (P 48' 47' E. Lat 43''* 56'
39" N.
Enz, small r. Baden and Wirtemberg, which
flows into the Neckar.
EnzelH, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on the S. W. coast
of the Caspian sea, 6 m. N. Reshd.
Enzersdorf, small fortified t. Lower Austria,
near which was the great battle of Aspern, 9 m.
E. Vienna, 24 W. Presburg.
Eo, or Miranda, r. Spain, which separates the
p'rovince of Asturias from Galicia, and runs into
the Atlantic, N. of Rivandeo.
Eooa, or Middkburg, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
the most eastern of the Friendly islands. Lon.
174° 30' E. Lat. 21° 24' S.
Epe, V. Netherlands, in Gufelderland, 10 m. N.
by W. De venter.
Eperies, t. Hungary, in Scharosch, on the Tar-
za, 1.5 m. N. Caschau. Lon. 21° 15' E. Lat. 48^
SB' N. Pop. 7,400.
Epcfnay, t. France, on tlte Marne, 14 m. S.
Rheims. " Lon. 3° 58' E. Lat. 49° 3' N.
EpemoU) t. France, in Eure-and-Loir, 13 m. N.
E. Chartres.
Ephcsdammhn, or Pasdammim, in Sac. Geog. a
place in the tribe of Judah.
Ephesus, anciently one of the most splendid
cities of Asia Minor, and considered the metropolis
of all Asia ; 39 m. S. Smyrna, near the mouth of
the river Cayster. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat. 37° 50' N.
The most eminent masters both in sculpture and
painting, were natives of this city, and contributed
to adorn its temples with their choicest works.
But the great ornament of Ephesus was the cele-
brated temple of Diana, which was built at the
joint expence of all the states of Asia ; and for its
structure, size, and the splendour of its decora-
tions, was accounted one of the wonders of the
world. The temple was 425 feet in length, and
200 in breadth, supported by 127 pillars of Parian
marble, and of the Ionic order, each 60 feet in
height. These pillai-s were the works of so many
kings, and 36 of them were curiously carved by
Soopas, one of the most famous sculptors of anti-
quity. Each pillar, with its base, was calculated
to contain 150 tons of marble. It was extremely
rich in its internal decorations, and contained va-
rious statues and pictures, some of which were the
most perfect productions of antiquity. Tliie cele-
brated edifice was destroyed during the invasion
of the Goths, A. D. 260. Ephesus is now a mis-
erable village of mud cottages, with about a dozen
t-mall square buildings of brick, and inhabited by
40 or 50 families of Turkish herdsmen, who live in
extreme wretchedness, without one Christian
among them ; so completely has the glory jf the
ancient city passed away.
EpJiraim, Mount, in Sac. Geog. a range cf hills
in the tribes of Ephraim and Benjamin.
Ephratah, in Sac. Geog. See Bethlehem,,
Ephrata, or Dunkard'' s town, p-t. Lancaster co.
Pa, on Cocalico creek, a branch of the Conestago,
12 m. N. Lancaster, GO W. Philadelphia. It is
settled by a religioijs sect from Germany, called
Dunkers,
Epidaunis, v. of the Morea, in Argolis, with a
good port,
Epilla, t. Spain, in Arragon, 17 m. W. Sara-
gossa.
Epinac, t. France, in Saone-and- Loire, 11 m.
E. N. E. Autun.
Epinnl, t. France, capitalofVosges, on the Mo-
selle, 10 m. N. W. llemiremont. Lon. 6° 34' E-
Lat. 48° 12' N. Pop. 7,500.
Epingen, t. Baden, 18 m. S. S E. Heidelberg.
Epirus, an extensive country in the N. W. part
of Greece, stretching along the eastern side of the
Adriatic, from the Acroceraunian mountains to
the river Arta. It now constitutes the southern
part of Albania.
Episcopi. See Piscopia.
Epping, t, Eng. in Essex, 17 m. N, N, E. Lou-
don,
Epping, p-t. Rockingham co, N. H. 20 m. W,
Portsmouth, Pop, 1,182.
Epsom, t. Eng. in Surrey, 15 m, S. London.
Epsom, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H, 10 m. E.
Concord, 45 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,156,
Epicorth, t. Eng. in Lincoln, situated on the isle
of Axholm, 11 m. N. Gainsborough.
Erahliere, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash, on
the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippeca-
noe creek.
Eraklea, (an. Heradea,) t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania, on the sea of Marmora, 18 m. S. Rodosto,
46 W. Constanthiople. Pop, 7,000.
Erbach, county of Franconia, in the tract called
the Odenwald. Pop, about 24,200, Erbach, the
capital, is 20 m. N, E, Manheim.
Erbil, (an. Arbela,) t. Persia, in the pachalic of
Bagdad, near which Alexander the Great defeat-
ed Darius. 60 m. E. Mosul. Lon. 43° 20' E. Lat,
36° 11' N.
Erfurt, t. Saxony, now belonging to Prussia, on
the Gera. The population, 18,000, is partly Lu-
theran, and partly Catholic, A university wa?
founded here in 1392, but was suppressed in 1816.
Erfurt has a well built citadel on an eminence,
called Petei-sberg, The inhabitants are partly
employed in the manufacture of woollens and silk.
12 m. W, Weimar, 110 W, Dresden, 160 E. Co-
logne, Lon, 1 1° 2' 26" E. Lat. 50° 58' 45" N,
Eri, r, Italy, in the Popedom, which falls into
the Tuscan sea. 13 m, from Civita Vecchia.
Eribale, Lock, an inlet of the sea, on the coast
of Scotland, in Sutherland.
Ericeyra, t, Portugal, on the sea coast, 20 m. N-
W, Lisbon,
Ericho, (an. Oricum,) harbour of Albania, in
the gulf of Avlona,
Erich', r, Scotland, in Perthshire, falls into the
Isla near Cupar,
Erie, co. the N. W, corner of Pa. bounded N.
by Lake Erie, E. by New-York, S. by CrawfoixJ
CO, and W. by Ohio, Pop. 3,758, Chief town,
Erie.
Erie, co. N. Y, taken, in 1821, from Niagara
county.
Eric, or Presqiie isle, p-t, and cap. Erie co. Pa.
pleasantly situated on the S, side of Lalte Erie, on
the mai-gin of a bay formed by Presque isle ; 80
m. S. S. W, Bufi-alo, 136 N, Pittsburg, 100 E.
Cleveland, Pop. 394, It contains a court-house,
jail, and printing office. It has an excellent har-
bour tor small vessels, but the entrance is narrow
and difficult. The trade of the town is already
considerable. The shipping, ia 1815, amounted to
E R L
249 tons. Thfi portag:e between tliis place and
French creek, one of the branches of Alleghany
river, is only 16 miles, and a turnpike has been
completed through this distance.
Erie canal. See J^ew- Vork, State of.
Erie, Fort, a fort, with a small villag-e, in Ber-
tie, Lincoln co. Up. Canada, at the outlet of Lake
Erie, opposite Black rock, N. Y. 18 m. ajbove the
fells of Niagara.
Erie lake, N. America, between 41° 20' and 43°
N. lat. and between 79° 50' and 83° 20' W. Ion.
The boundary between the U. States and Up-
per Canada runs through the centre of the lake.
It is 290 miles long from S. W. to N. E. ; in the
widest part 63^ broad, and in circumference 658
miles. It receives the waters of Lakes Superior,
Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, through Detroit
river, and discharges itself into Lake Ontario
through Niagara river. Its greatest depth is 40
and 45 fathoms, and it has many good harbours.
This lake is finely situated for commerce. On
the N. W. it is connected by an easy navigation
with the upper lakes. On the S. the rivers which
flow into it interlock with the branches of Ohio
river, and canals might be made in several pla-
ces at a trifling expense, which would open the
navigation, and connect the lake with the vast
valley of the Mississippi. On the E. a Grand ca-
nal is now in in progress to connect it with the
Hudson. Gales of wind frequently occur late in
the fall, and bring with them a heavy swell, with
every characteristic of a gale of wind at sea ; but
the lake affords a safe navigation 7 montlis of the
year. The amount of shipping on the lake be-
longing to the U. States, in 1819, was 2,334 tons.
A steam-boat regularly plies from May to Novem-
ber between Buffalo and Detroit through the
whole length of the lake. A battle was fought
here on the 10th Sept. 1813, between the Ameri-
can fleet imder Commodore Perry, and the British
fleet, in which the latter was taken.
Erieville, p-v. Madison co. N. Y.
Erimo-Kastro, t. Greece, in Livadia, on the
eastern declivity of Mount Helicon.
Erin, t. Indiana on the Ohio, opposite Port
William, at the mouth of Kentucky river, 10 m.
below Vevay, and 12 above Madison. It is on
elevated ground, and was laid out in 1815.
Erith, V. Eng. in Kent, on the Thames, 2 m. E.
Woolwich.
Eritria, -(an. Eri/lhra,) t. Natolia, 36 m. W.
Smyrna.
Erivan, sometimes called Persian Armenia, a
province of Persia, bounded S. by the river Arax-
es. The principal towns are Erivan and Nacsi-
van.
Erivan, the capital of the province of Erivan, 13
on the Tergui, which falls into the Araxes, 3
leagues below. It is commanded by a spacious
eastle built on a steep rock. It has suffered se-
verely from repeated sieges, which have reduced
it to a ruinous condition. Loq. 44° 35' E. Lat.
40°20'N. Pop. 15,000.
Erkelens, t. Prussian states, 28 m. N. E. Aix-la-
Chapelle. Lon. 6° 13' E. Lat. 51° 8' N.
Erlack, t. Switzerland, 15 m. W. N, W. Bern.
Erlan, t. Hungary. The population, in num-
ber about 15,000, is of mixed descent, being Ger-
mans, Hungarians, and Rascians. It is the see of
a bishop, and the seat of a university. The cita-
del is strong and stands on alofty rock. The town
jtly in formrr times in tbo Turkish
E R Z
24^
wars. 38 m, N. E. Buda, 120 E. S. E. Vienna.
Lon. 20° 21' 45" E. Lat. 47° 53' 54" N.
Erlangen, t. Bavaria. It has a university. 1 1
m. N. Nuremberg, 19 S. Bamberg. Lon. 11° 4'
E. Lat. 49° 35' 36" N.
Erlenbach, v. Bavarian states, in the circle of
the Rhine, near Kaiserslautern.
Erlenbach, v. Switzerland, 18 m. S. Berne.
Ermenonville, v. France, in Oise, 5 m. S. E. Sen-
lis.
Ematia, t. Natolia, on the gulf of Satalia, 16 m.
N. W. Satalia. Lon. 30° 24' E. Lat. 36° 50' N.
Erne, r. Ireland, which flows into the bay of
Donegal, 3 m. below Ballyshannon.
Erne, r. Eng. which runs into the English chan^
nel, 5 m, S. S. W, Modbury.
Ernee, t. France, 12 m. W. Mayenne. Pop.
4,750.
Ernest, t. in Lenox and Haddington co. Uf^er
Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Kingston, ad-
joining. It is sheltered from the Lake by Amherst
island.
Emspach, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 4 m.
N. Oliringen.
Erouad, a fortified t. Hindostan. Lon. 77° 50'
E.Lat. 11° 19' xN.
Erqui, Cape, on the coast of France, in Cotes du
Nord. Lon. 2° 37' W. Lat. 48° 35' N.
Erreef, or Rif, province of Morocco, on the
Mediterranean.
Erro, r. Italy, which runs into the Bormida, 3
m. S. W. Acqui.
Erroad, or Erodu, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 104 m.
S.E. Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 50' E.Lat. 11° 19'N.
Errol, t. Coos co. N. H. 104 m. N. Concord, 25
from Stratford, on Connecticut river.
Erromango, isl. one of the New Hebrides. Lon.
169° 20' E. Lat. 13° 50' S.
Erroor, t, India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 39' E.
Lat. 13° 48' N.
Erstein, t. Alsace, on the III, 12 m. S. Strasburg.
Ert Holmer, a group of islands in the Baltic, be-
longing to Denmark ; 8 m. N. E. Bornholm.
Encash, r. Eug. which falls into tlie Trent, 4 m.
S. W, Nottingham.
Erwina, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Erwinsville, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C.
Erxas, r. Portugal, which separates the prov-
ince of Beirafrom Spanish Estremadura.
Erzemm, the chief city of Annenia, and cap. of
a pachalic of the same name. Manufactures ol
considerable extent are established here, and an
extensive trade is, carried on in copper, and in ar-
ticles from Persia, and the countries N. W. of
Hindostan. The population amounts to 100,000
or 130,000, Turks, Greeks, Persians, and Arme-
nians. 250 m. N. N. E. Aleppo. Lon. 40° 57' E.
Lat. 39° 57' N.
Erzgebirg, (i. e. Metalliferous Mountains,) a
chain of mountains in the heart of Germany,
which run between Saxony and Bohemia, until
they meet the Iliesengebirg, on the frontiers o^'
Silesia.
Erzgebirg, a circle of the kingdom of Saxony,
separated from Bohemia by the Erzgebirg moun-
tains. Pop. 460,000. Its principal towns ai'e
Freyberg, Altenhurg, Chemnitz, and Zwickau;
its chief branch of industry is the working of thf;
mines. Here are found iron, copper, tin, lead, co-
balt, bismuth, and arsenic ; the yearly produce
though fluctuating, is computed from 300,000 /. tft
400,000 /, sterling ; tho munb'^v erf miners at
12.000,
246
£ S K
Esaro, r. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, which falls
inttf the sea near Crotona.
Escala, La, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast
of the Mediterranean, 22 m, E. Gerona. Lon. 2°
57' W. Lat. 42*^7 N.
Escalona, L Spain, in Toledo, on the Alberche,
20 m. N. W. Toledo, 32 S. W. Madrid. Lon. 4P
37' W. Lat. 40° 15' N.
Escambia, r. rises in Alabartaa^ and running into
W. Florida, joins the Conecah on the W. side.
Sometimes the Conecah, which is the principal
stream, is called Escambia.
Escape Point, cape on the W. coast of the island
of Revilla Gigedo. Lon. 228° 30' E. Lat. 55°
37' N.
Escatari, small isl. Lower Canada, about 5 m.
N. Louisburg, in the island of Cape Breton.
Eschwege, t. Germany, in Hesse Cassel, on the
Werra,27m. E. S. E. Cassel.
Escudo de Veragua, small isl. near the coast of
Veragua. Lon. 81° 5' W. Lat. 8° N.
Escurial, v. Spain, 20 m. N. W. Madrid, and
celebrated for its palace, accounted by the Span-
iards the 8th wonder of the world. This magnifi-
cent structure was erected by Philip IL in com-
memoration of the victory of St. Quentin, at an
expence of nearly 3,000,000/. sterling. The royal
apartments contain the finest paintings, arranged in
two adjoining galleries. The library contains a
valuable collection of manuscripts and old books.
There are beautiful gardens adjacent to the pal-
ace. Lon. 4° 7' 50" W. Lat. 40° 35' 50" N.
Esens, t. Hanover, 20 m. N. N. E. Emden. Lxin.
7° 30' E. Lat. 53° 36' N.
Esfere, or Ashfera, t. Turkestan, on a river
which runs into Jihon, 20 m. S. E. Kojend.
Esgreville, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m.
S. E. Nemours.
, Esgueira, t Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. S. Ave-
iro.
Eshaness, cape on the W. coast of Mainland,
the largest of the Shetland islands. Lon. 2° 4' W.
Lat. 60° 38' N.
Eshref. See Asheref.
Eshfaol, in Sac. Geog. t. in the plainsof Judah,
belonging to the tribe of Dan.
Eshy-Adalia, (an. Side,) a city of Asia Minor,
on the coast of Caramania, now in ruins.
Esino, r. Italy, which falls into the gulf of Ven-
ice between Ancona and Senigaglia.
Esk, r. Scotland, which, after forming the
boundary of the two kingdoms for some miles, en-
ters England, and falls into the Solway frith.
Esk, North, r. Scotland, which runs into the
sea at Musselburgh, 5 m. E. Edinburgh.
Esk, North, r. Scotland, which falls into the
German ocean about 3 m. N. Montrose.
Esk, Soutli, r. Scotland, which falls into the
North Esk below Dalkeith.
Esk, South, r. Scotland, in Forfar, which falls
into the sea at Montrose.
Eski-hissar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 16 m. W.
Mogla.
Eskilstuna, t. Sweden, 54 m. W. Stockholm.
Lon. 16° 18' E. Lat. 59° 20' N.
Eskimaux. See Labrador.
Eskimatix Bay, bay on the S. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 57° 50' W. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Eskimaux, cape in Hudson's bay, Lon. 94^
50' W. Lat. 61° 12' N.
Eskimaux Islands, small islands in the gulf of St.
Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon.
63° W. Lat 50° 15' N.
ESS
Eski-Sagray t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 60
m. E. by N. Fhilippopoli. Pop. said to be 20,000.
Esla, r, Spain, which falls into the Douro, be-
tween Miranda de Douro and Zamora.
Esmeraldas, t. Caraccas, on the N. shore of the
Orinoco, near the junction of the Cassiquiari.
Lon. 66° 3' W. Lat. 3° 11' N.
Esmeraldas, province on the coast of Quito, be-
tween Guayaquil sind Barbacoas, Esmeraldas,
the port, is in lat. 0° 53' N.
Esne, or Asne, (an, LatopoHs,) t. Egypt, on the
Nile, and the last place of any magnitude on the
side of Nubia ; chiefly remarkable for the ruins
of the ancient city. Lon. 32° 44' 41" E. Lat. 25'»
17' 38" N.
Esopus, t Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 4 m.
below Kingston. Pop. 1,026. The \.oyn\.oi Kings-
ton is sometimes called Esopus.
Esopus, creek, Ulster co. N. Y. runs into the
Hudson at Saugerties, 11m. below Catskill.
Espartil, small isl. in the Mediterranean, a lit-
tle N. of Formentera. Lon. 1° 25' E. Lat. 38°
48' N.
Esperance, p-v. in Schoharie, Schoharie co.
N. Y. 8 m. N. Schoharie-village, 26 m. W. Al-
bany.
EsperanceBay, on the S. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 121° 47' 14" E. Lat. 33° 55' 17" S.
Espichel, Cape, on the W. coast of Portugal.
Lat. 38"^ 23' N.
Espiers, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, de-
partment of Jemappe, 8 m. N. Tournay.
Espinosa de las Monteros, t. Spain, in Old Cas-
tile, 30 m. W. Burgos.
Espiritu-Santo. See Spiritu Santo.
Esposenda, t. Portugal, in Entre-Douro-e-Min-
ho, near the mouth of the Cavado, 22 m. N. Opor-
to. Lon. 8° 24' W. Lat. 41° 32' N.
Esquimaux. S*e Eskimaux.
Esseck, t. and fort, Austrian empire, in Sclavo-
nia, on the Drave, 2 miles above its influx into
the Danube. 80 m. N. VV. Belgrade. Lon. 18°
42' 5" E. Lat. 45° 34' 13" N. Pop. 9,000.
Essen, t. Prussian states, in Berg, 16 m. N. N.-
E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6-= 57' E. Lat. 51° 27' 49' N.
Pop. 4,300.
Essequebo, r. Guiana, which runs into the At-
lantic in lon. 59° W. lat. 6° 45' N. It is of very
dilficult navigation, owing to the banks of sand
which run across the entrance.
Essequebo, a province of Guiana, lying along
the banks of Essequebo river. It formerly belong-
ed to the Dutch, but was finally ceded to Britain
at the peace of 1814. It produces coffee, cotton,
cocoa, and sugar.
Essex, a maritime co. Eng. bounded N. by
Cambridge and Suffolk, E. by the German ocean.
S. by the Thames, which separates it from Kent,
and'W. by Hertford and Middlesex. It contains
1,473 square miles, or 942,720 acres, of which
50,000 are in woods and plantations, and 15,000
waste. It has long been famed for the excellence
of its wheat. Pop. in 1811, 252,473. Families,
51,643 ; of which number 28,517 were engaged
in agriculture, and 14,182 in manufactures.
Essfx, CO. Up. Canada ; comprises the country
between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, bounded
W. by Detroit river, and E. by Suffolk co. Chief
town, Amherstburg.
Essex, CO. the N. E. part of Vermont, bounded
N. by Canada, E. by Connecticut river, which
separates it from New-Hampshire. S. by Caledn-
t ST
ula CO. aud W. by Orleans co. Pop. 3,087. Chief
towu, Guildhall.
Essex, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion river, 8
m. E. Burlington. Pop. 957.
Essexy CO. "Mass. in the N. E. part of the state.
Pop. 71,888. The principal towns are Salem,
Newburyport, Marblehead, Gloucester and Ips-
wich. The amount of shipping in 1815, was
86,672 tons.
Essex, t. Essex co. Mass. on Chebacco river, 2 m.
above its mouth, 5 m. S. S. E. Ipswich, 12 m, N.
E. Salem. The river is navigable for sloops of 60
tons. Here are built the boats called Chebacco
boats. Essex formerly constituted the S. parish of
Ipswich, and was called Chebacco.
Essex, CO. N. Y. on Lake Champlain, bounded
N. by Clinton and Franklin cos. E. by Lake Cham-
plain, S. by Washington CO. and W. by Montgome-
ry and Franklin cos. Pop. 9,477. Chief town,
Elizabethtown.
Essex, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain,
136 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,186. The Split
rock, in this town, is a rock projecting 50 yards
into the Lake, the point of which, consisting of
about i an acre and covered with trees, is remov-
ed from the main rock about 20 feet. The height
of the rock on each side of the fissure is about 12
feet above the water.
Essex, CO. N. J. on Hudson river, opposite New-
York, bounded N. by Bergen co. E. by Bergen co.
and Newark bay, S. by Middlesex co. and W. by
Somerset and Morris cos. Pop. 25,984. Chief
towns, Newark and Elizabethtown.
Essex, CO. Va. bounded N. by Rappahannock,
which separates it from Richmond co. and inclo-
sed on the other sides by Middlesex, King Will-
iam, and Caroline counties. Pop. 9,376. Slaves,
5,679. Chief town, Tappahannock.
Essington Port, an extensive sound on the coast
of New Cornwall, in N. America. Lon. 230° 12'
E. Lat. 54° 14' N.
Essling, V. Austria, on the left bank of the Dan-
ube, about 2 leagues below Vienna ; near which
a battle was fought between Bonaparte and the
Austrians on the 21st and 22d May, 1809.
Esslingen, t. W irtemberg, on the Neckar, 6 m.
E. S. E. Stulgard, 34 N. W. Ulm. Lon. 9° 23' E.
Lat. 48° 45' N. Pop. 7,200.
Essomes, t. Prance, in Aisne, 3 m. S. W. Chat-
eau-Thierry.
Essonne, t. France, 15 m. S. Paris.
Estachar, Estaker, or Istachar, t. Persia, in
Kuzistan, near which are the ruins of the celebra-
ted Persepolis. These stand on a plain usually
called Murdasjo, 105 miles in length, and 6 in
breadth, which is said to have contained 880 villa-
ges. 30 m. N. N. E. Schiras, 160 S. S. E. Ispa-
han. Lon. 53° 40' E. Lat. 30° 5' N.
Estafort, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 9 m.
S. Agen.
Estaire, t. France, on the Lys, dep. of North,
14m. W.Lille. Pop. 5,700,
Eslampes, or Loet, small r. France, which, uni-
ted with the Juine, forms the Essonne.
Estardi, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia.
Lon.3° I'E. Lat. 42°4'N.
Estavayer, t. Swiss canton of Friburg, 13 m. W.
Friburg.
I Esle, t. Venetian territory, at the conflux of the
' Bacchiglione and Gua. 13 m. S. W. Padua, 36
I E. Mantua. Lon. 11° 39' 50" E. Lat. 45° 13' 21"
■■^ Pop. 6,000.
E T N
24-
Estella t. Spain, in Navarre, 81 m. S. W. Pam-
peluna. Lon. 2° 5' W. Lat. 42° 39' N.
Eslenaurt/. See Oostenalah.
Estepond, t. Spain, 25 m. E. N, E. Gibraltar.
Esterabad. See Asterabad.
Esther Island, isl. in Prince William's sound,
N. W. coast of America. Lat. 60° 50' N.
Esthertown, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. side of
the Susquehannah, 7 m. above Harrisbui^.
Esthonia, or Revel, a government of Eu. Rus-
sia, extending along the south side of the gulf ol'
Finland. It contains 10,000 square miles. Pop.
240,000. The lower orders were little else than
serfs, until the present age ; an imperial ukase
issued in 1816, pronounced their liberation, which
is to take place gradually in the course of 14
years.
Estle, or Estell, co. Ken. Pop. 2,082. Slaves,
133. At the court-house is a post-office.
Estopacky river, p-v. Washington co. Alabama.
Estrella,r. Guatimala, which enters the Pacifie
in lat. 9° 5' N.
Estreraadura, a province of Spain, bounded W.
by Portugal, N. by Salamanca, E. by Toledo, and
S. by Cordova. Pop. 430,000. Badajos is the
capital.
Estremadura, province, Portugal, bounded N,
by Beira, E. by Beira and Alentejo, S. by Alente-
jo, and W. by the Atlantic. Pop. 830,000. The
principal products are wine, oil, honey, and fruit.
The part on the Tagus looks like a continued gar-
den.
Estremos, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Tar-
ra. It is one of the chief fortresses in the kingdom.
24 m. N. E. Evora, 48 W. Badajoz, 80 E. Lisbon.
Lon. 7° 23' W. Lat. 38° 46' N. Pop. 6,500.
Etam, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Judah.
Etampes, t. France, in Seine and Oise, 28 m. S.
by W. Paris. Pop. 8,000. Lon. 2° 4' E. Lat. 48°
35' N.
Etaples, s-p. France, on the English channel,
at the mouth of the Canche, 1 1 m. S. E. Boulogne,
Lon. 1° 38' 31" E. Lat. 50° 30' 44" N.
Elaweh, fort and cap. of Etaweh district, on tho
E. bank of the Jumna. It carries on a considera-
ble traffic in grain, sugar, and cotton. Lon. 78°
58' E. Lat. 26° 46' N.
Etham, in Sac. Geog. a place in the Wilderness
of Zur, at the end of the Red sea, which gave name-
also to the part of the wilderness around it.
Ethiopia, or Ciish, in Sac. Ceog. denotes that
part of Africa which lies S. of Egypt, between the
Nile and the Red sea. Upper Ethiopia, compri-
sing Abyssinnia, to which is to be adde<l the S.
part of Arabia, is the country intended in the Bi-
ble, when Ethiopia is mentioned. Lower, or
Southern Ethiopia was unknown to the ancients.
Etive, Loch, inlet of the sea, on the W. coast of
Scotland, in Argyle.
Etlingen, t. Germany, in Baden, on the Alb,
Sm.S. W.Durlbach. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 80 27'E.
Lat. 48° 55' N.
Etna, mt. in the E. part of Sicily, in the Val de
Demona, celebrated from the most remote anti-
quity for its volcanic eruptions. Its height is about
11,000 feet, and its circumference very large.
The ascent being very gradual, the sides of the
mountain exhibit extensive tracts under different
temperatures. The lower region is very fertile.
In the upper part vegetation entirely disappears,
and the surface presents a dreary expanse of snow
and ice. The approach of au eruption is indica-
24^
EVE
EUR
ted long beforehand by the emission of a pale
smoke from the crater; this is followed, Eifter
some time, by clouds of black smoke, which pro-
gressively increase in volume. After the lapse of
weeks, perhaps of months, the lava begins to boil
over the top of the crater, or to burst I'rom some
part of its sides; the interior commotion now
ceases, and the lava flows slowly down the sides
of the mountain. It is pressed forward by the
fresh liquid continually issuing from the mountain,
and burns up everything before it, but the inhab-
itants have at times diverted or absorbed it by dig-
ging canals. The whole number of eruptions on rec-
ord is 31. Those of 1669 and 1755 were particu-
larly destructive ; and in the last, in 1809, no less
than 12 new openings appeared about half way
down the mountain, and continued for several
weeks to throw out lava, which covered the adja-
cent lands to a depth of 30 or 40 feet.
Elolia, provmce of ancient Greece, bounded
W. by the Achelous, S. by the gulf of Lepanto.
It is now subject to Albania.
Eton, t. Eng.in Buckingham co. on the Thames,
opposite Windsor; celebrated for a royal semi-
nary ol education, called Eton College, founded
by king Henry VI. in 1440. It consists of a pro-
vost, a vice-provost, 7 fellows, 2 schoolmasters, 2
conducts, 7 clerks, 10 choristers, and 70 scholars.
In addition to students on the foundation, a num-
ber of youth, c;hiefly the sons of noble or opulent
families, are educated here, amounting at an ave-
rage, to 300 or 350 yearly. Pop. 2,279. 22 m.
N. W. London.
Etowah, r. Geo. which rises among the Alle-
ghany mountains,- in the N. part of the State, and
flowing S. W. in the Cherokee country, joins the
Oostenalah, to form the Coosa.
Eiowee. See Etowah.
Etruria, thj ancient name of a country in Ita-
ly, nearly corresponding with the modern grand
duchy of Tuscany.
Etruria, hamlet, Eng. in Stafford, celebrated
for the extensive pottery established there by
Wedgewood, 1^ m. fr. Newcastle-under-Line.
Etten, V. Netlierlands, in North Brabant, 8 m.
>V. S. VV. Breda.
Ettenheim, t. Baden, 19 m. S. S. E. Strasburg.
Ettrick, r. Scotland, which joins the Tweed, 3
m. above Melrose.
Eu, t. France, 18 m. E. N. E, Dieppe. Lon. 1°
23' 18" E. Lat, 50° 2' 52" N.
Evangelists, 4 small islands at the W. extremity
of the straits of Magellan. Lon. 67° 16' W. Lat.
52° 45' S.
Evansham, t. and cap. Wythe co. Va. on the E.
ade of Reedy creek, a branch of the Kenhawa,
40 m. W. Christiausburg, 240 W. S. W. Rich-
mond.
Evansville, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama.
Evaux or Evaon, t. France, in La Creuse, 25
xn. E. Gueret. Lon. 2° 11' 18" E. Lat. 46° 10'
42" N.
Eubcea. See Kegropont.
Euclid, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, 8
m. N. E. Cleveland. Pop. 283.
Evereltshouse, p-v. Lewis co. Ken.
Everghem, t. East Flanders, 3 m. N. Ghent.
Evershot, t. Eng. in Dorset, 9 m. fr. Dorchester.
Evesham, borough and t. Eng. in Worcester co.
on the Avon, 14 m. S. E. Worcester, 96 W. N. W.
London. Lon. 1° 52' W. Lat. 52° 7' N. Pop.
3,068.
Evesham, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. in the forks
of Moore's creek, 16 m. E. Philadelplua, 25 '&:
Burhngton. Pop. 3,445.
Evian, t. Savoy, on the lake of Geneva, 23 m.
N. E. Geneva.
Eule, t. Bohemia, 12 m. S. by E. Prague.
Eulengebirg, mountain of Silesia, which sepa-
rates the county of Glatz from the circle of Rei-
chenbach.
Eumme Faredge. See Faredge.
Evora, fortified t. Portugal, cap. of Alentejo.
It is the seat of an archbishop, and had formerly a
university. 65 m. E. Lisbon, 125 N. Seville. Pop.
10,000.
Evora-Monte, small t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 16
m. N. E. Evora.
Eupatoria, or Kaslov, t. Russia, in Taurida, on
the W. coast of the Crimea. The principal
trade of the Crimea, in salt, com, leatJier, &c.
passes through this town. 68 m. S. W. Perekop.
Lon. 33° 14' E. Lat. 45° 40' N.
Eupen, t. Prussian states, in the province of the
Lower Rhine, on the Weeze, 4 m. E. N. E. Lim-
burg, 20 E. Liege. Pop. 10,000.
Euphrates, r. in Whidah, on the Slave coast of
Africa.
Euphrates, one of the most considerable rivers
of Asia, rises in two streams from the mountains
of Armenia, near Erzerum. At Korna, about
130 miles from its mouth, it is joined by the Ti-
gris, and the united stream falls into tlie gulf of
Persia, about 50 m. S. E. Bassora. Length 1,500
miles.
Eurf., r. France, which falls into the Seine, a
little above the Pont de 1' Arche.
Eure, Departtnent, France, bounded N. by
Lower Seine, E. by Oise, S. by Eure-and-Loir,
and Orne, and W. by Calvados, Evreux is the
capitid. Pop. 421,481.
Eure-and-Loire, department of France, west of
Paris, and bounded N. W. by Eure, E. by Seine-
and Oise and Loiret, S. by Cher-and-Loiret, W.
by Orne and Sarte. Chartres is the capital. Pop.
266,000.
Evreo-Castro, t. Eu. Turkey, between Aita and
Lepanto, on the ruins of Calydon.
Evreux, t. France, cap. of Eure, on the Iton,
25 m. S. Rouen, 65 W. by N. Paris. Pop. 9,300.
Euripo, channel, which separates the island of
Negropont from Livadia.
Evron, t. France, in Mayenne, 13 m. S. S. E.
Mayenne.
Europe, one of the four grand divisions of the
globe. It is bounded N. by the Arctic ocean; E.
by Asia ; S. by the Mediterranean ; and W. by
the Atlantic. It extends from 36° to 71° N. lat.
It is about 3,000 miles long from E. to W. and
2,500 broad from N. to S. and contains 3,387,109
sq. miles. It lies almost wholly within the tempe-
rate zone, and enjoys a fine healthful climate. It
is the smallest of the four grand divisions, but is
distinguished above all the rest for learning and
science, for excellence in the useful and elegant
arts, and for the intelligence, refinement, activity
and enterprize of her inhabitants. This is pe-
culiarly true of Great Britain, France, and Ger-
many.—The population is about 180,000,000 —
The inhabitants are all Christians, with the ex-
ception of the Turks and scattered settlements of
Jews. The Christians in Europe are composed of
three great bodies, the Catholics computed at 100
millions, the Protestants at 45, and the Greek
Christians at 32 millions.
EXE
E Y L
249
Euroias, r. of the Morea, which runs past Mi-
ciitra.
Euslis, lake, the S. W. head of Yellowstone
river. It is near the head of the Wallaumut,
which runs into Columbia river.
Eutaw Springs, a small r. S.C. which runs into
the Santee. Near its source, a battle was fought in
1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this
State.
Eufin, t. Germany, 20 m. N. Lubeck. Lon. 10°
31' E. Lat. 54« 10' N. Pop. 2,350.
Eutrach. See AUiach.
Euxine Secu, called also the Bla^k Sea^ is a large
inland sea, partly in Europe, and partly in Asia,
hounded W. by European 'Turkey, E. by Min-
grelia, Circassia, and Georgia, N. by Russian
Tartary, and S. by Natolia. Its circumference is
about 3,800 miles. The principal ports are Odes-
sa; Kinburn; Cherson; Nicoleuf; Sevastopel,
the chief station of the Russian fleet ; and Caffa.
The Turks formerly would not suffer Europeans
to navigate this sea ; but by the treaties concluded
in 1774 and 1791, they allowed a Russian navy
to be formed, and to have a free passage through
! he Dardanelles. This sea was, in 1784, opened
10 Austria, and afterwards, at the peace of Amiens,
to the Prussian, Spanish, Neapolitan, Dutch, Ra-
gusan, and English, merchant Hags. The com-
merce has, since this period, greatly increased. In
1 803, 8 15 vessels entered the Russian ports from
the Mediterranean. Of these 552 were for Odessa.
They came chiefly in ballast, and returned loaded
with corn.
Euxion, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 209 m. N. W.
London.
Eicell, t. Eng. in Surrey, 12 m. S. London.
Ewes, r. Scotiand, joins the Esk, at Lang-
holm.
Ewingville, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Exchequer Islands, group of islands in the S. Pa-
cific. Lon. 142° 26' E. Lat. 1° 29' S.
Exe, r. Eng. which passes Tiverton, Exeter,
and Topsliam, and falls into the sea at Exmouth.
It is navigable by vessels of considerable burden
to Topsham.
Exea, (an. Setirt,) t. Spain, in Arragon, 24 m.
G. Tudela. Lon. P 9' W. Lat. 42° 6' N. Pop.
2,500.
Exeter, city, Eng. and cap. of Devonshire, on
i he Exe, 10 miles from the English channel. It
■"las 19 parish churches, and a large and maguiti-
oent cathedral. Among the other public buildings
tre the Guildhall, and the asylum for lunatics.
Vessels of 150 tons burden can come up to the
own. Exeter sends 2 members to parliament.
Pop. in 1801, 16,827 ; in 1811, 18,896. 78 m. S.
W. Bristol, 173 VV. S. W. London.
Exeter, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. N. W.
Bangor.
Exeter, r. N. H, rises in Sandown, and running
E. meets the tide at Exeter. It here takes the
lame of Sivamscot, and running N, communicates
with the Piscataqua, through Great Bay.
Exeter, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. pleasantly
'ijuated at the head of navigation on Exeter river,
I branch of the Piscataqua, 15 m. S. W. Ports-
Odouth, 15 N. W. Newburyport 50 N. Boston.
Pop. 1,759. It contains a court-house ; jail ; bank ;
academy ; and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for
Congregational ists, and 1 for Baptists. It is well
situated for a manuflicturing town, and has a
vooUen and 2 cotton factories, a manufactory of
ordnance arid small arms, and numerous other
mills and manufacturing establishments. Before
the revolution, ship-building was a profitable bu-
siness, but it is now discontinued.
Phillips Exeter Academy, founded in this town
by the Hon. John Phillips, LL. D. in 1781, is
the best endowed academy in New England. It
has funds to the amount of $80,000, a well select-
ed library of 700 volumes, and a handsome phi-
losophical apparatus. It has a principal, a pro-
fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy, an
assistant, and about 80 students. The building is
an elegant edifice, 76 feet by 36, and 2 stories high.
The funds are appropriated in part to the support
of indigent students.
Exeter, t. Washington co. R. I. 24 m. S. W.
Providence. Pop. 2,256.
Exeter, p-t. Otsego co, N. Y. 10 m. N. W.
Cooperstown, 73 W. Albany. Pop. 1,418.
Exeter, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 612.
Exeter, t. Berks co. Pa. on the N. side of the
Schuylkill, below Reading. Pop. 1,194.
Exeter, t. New Hanover co. N. C. on the N. E.
branch of Cape-Fear river, 36 m. N. Wilming-
ton.
Exeter, t. Harrison co. Indiana. Pop. 1,155.
Exideul, t, France, in Dordogne, 18 m. N. E.
Perigueux.
Exilles, t. Piedmont, on the borders of France,
on a narrow pass, 8 m. S. W. Suza, 17 N. E. Bri-
ancon, 38 W. Turin. Pop. 1,400.
Exin, or Keyn, t. Prussian Poland, on the
Netze, 24 m. W. S. W. Bromberg. Lon. 17° 29'
54" E. Lat. 52° 59' 40" N.
Exmes, t. France, 9 m. E. Argentau, 72 W.
aris.
Exmouth, t. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth of
the Exe, 8 m. S. Exeter.
Exuma, one of the Bahama islands, 25 miles
long and 3 broad^ Lon. 75° W. Lat. 23° 20' N.
Exuma Sound, a large channel among the Ba-
hama islands, extending from N. W. to S. E. be-
tween Cat island or Guanahani to the E. and a
range of small islands and rocks to the W. and S.
W, ; the entrance is S. of the islan,d of Eleutheni,
Eyajiord, bav and district on the N. coast of Ice-
land. Lat. 65° 50' N.
Eybenschutz, or Ewanice, t. Moravia, 20 m. N.
E. Znaym. Lon. 16° 17' E. Lat 49° 8' N.
Eybenstock, t. Saxonv, in Erzgebirg, 7 m. S. W.
Schwartzenbcrg. Lon. 12° 35' E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Eyder, r. Denmark, which divides Sleswick
from Holstein, and falls into the North sea, in lat.
54° 17'. The tide ascends as far as Rendsburg,
after which the canal of Keil begins, and com-
pletes the communication between the North sea
and the Baltic.
Eyderstadt, district in the W. part of Sleswick.
Pop. 12,500. The capital is Tonningen.
Eye, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 20 m. N. Ipswich.
Eyemouth, Aymouth, or Hnymouth, t. Scotland,
in Berwick, at the mouth of the Eye, 5 m. N. W.
Berwick, 53 E. Edinburgh.
■ Eyeos, a people of Africa, whose territories lie
to the N. E. of Dahomey.
Eyerlandt, small isl. near the island of Texel.
Eyeton. See Ay ton.
Eygues. See Aigues.
Eyguieres, t. France, in mi>uths-of-the-Rhone,
17 m. E. by S. Tarascon.
Eylau, t. E. Prussia, on the lake of Arschen. It
is famous for a severe battle, c n the 8th February,
32
350
F A I
F A 1
1807, between the French and Russians, 20 m.
B. Konigsberg. Lon. 20° 38' 55" E. Lat. 54° 22'
50" N.
Ei/lau Dditsch, lies in W. Prussia, on the lake
of Genserich, 84 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg.
Eymoufiers, t. France, on the Vienne, 18 m. E.
by S. Limoges.
Ei/napeor, t. Hind, in Bejapoor. Lon. 75'' 10 -
E. Lat. 16° 50' N.
Eynshaniy parish, Eng. 6 m. N. W. Oxford.
Eysagh, r. Tyrol, which falls into the Adige,
below Botzen.
Ezdoud. See Ashdod.
Eziongeber, in Sac. Geog. See Dsjar.
Ezraville. See McUcne.
F.
Faaborg, s-p. Denmark, on the coast of the
island of Funen, 17 m. S. Oldensee. Lon. 10° 16'
E. Lat. 55° 6' N. Pop. 1,100.
Fabius, p-L Onondaga co. N. Y. 17 m. S. E.
Onondaga, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 1,865.
Fabomit Lake, Canada. Lon. 88° 15' W. Lat.
52° 18' N.
Fabriano, t. of the Ecclesiastical State, in Italy,
33 m. S. W, Ancona. Pop. 4,000.
Facata, or Fucata, s-p. Japan, in the island of
Ximo, 27 m. W. N. W. Taisero.
Facile Harbor, a port of New Zealand, in
Dusky bay, on the W. coast of Resolution island.
Lon. 166° 18' E. Lat. 45° 40' S.
Factories, p-v. Hampden co. Mass.
Fadla, t. Arabia, 180 m. N. E. Mecca.
Fadoal, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 132° 37'
E. Lat. 5° 51' S.
Faenza, city, of the Popedom, in Romagna, 20
m. S. W. Ravenna. Lon. 1 1° 21' 35" E. Lat. 44°
17' 19" N. Pop. 12,500.
Faeoe, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon. 11°
20' E. Lat. 54° 52' N.
Faggiano, t. Naples, 6 m. E. S. E. Tarento.
Fagnano, v. Italy, in the Veronese, 5 m. E.
Mantua.
Fahlun, mining t. Sweden, cap. of Dalecarlia.
The population, formerly above 7,000, does not
now exceed 4,200, the great copper mines having
become less productive. 110 m. N. N. W. Stock-
holm. Lon, 13° 34' 54" E. Lat. 60° 35' 15" N.
Faicchio, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, 17
m. W. N. W. Benevento. Pop. 2,850.
Faido, t. Switz. on the Ticino, 12 m. N. Belin-
zona.
Faifo, or Haifo, i. Cochin China. Lon. 108°
10' E. Lat. 15° 5P' N.
Failsworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. fr. Man-
chester. Pop. 2,875.
Faioum. See Fayoum.
Fairbluff, p-v. Columbus co. N. C.
Fairfax, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 25 m. N.
Augusta. Pop. 924.
Fairfax, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil river,
18 m. N. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,301.
Fairfax, co. Va, bounded N, and E. by the Po-
tomac, S, by Prince William co. and W. by Lou-
don CO. Pop. 13,111. Slaves, 5,942. Chief
town, Centreville. The court-house, where a
post-office is kept, is 15 m. fr. Washington.
Fairfaa:, p-t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va. 40 m.
W. N. W. Fredericksburg, 76 fr. Washington.
Faixfidd, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the W.
side of the Kennebec, opposite Clinton, 9 m. b.
Norridgewock, 25 N. Augusta. Pop. 1,348.
Fairfield, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. 26 m. N. N. E.
Burlington. Pop. 1,618.
Fairfield, co. Ct. bounded N. by Litchfield co.
S. E. by Long-Island Sound, and W. by New
York. Pop. 40,950. Chief towns, Fairfield, and
Danbury.
Fairfield, p-t. and port of entry, Fairfield co.
Ct. is pleasantly situated on Long-Island Sound,
21 m. W. S. W. New Haven, 54 N. E. New York.
Lon. 73° 15' W. Lat. 41° 8' N. Pop. 4,135. It
contains a court-house ; an academy ; and 6 hou-
ses of public worship, 3 for Congregationalists, 1
for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Metho-
dists. There are 4 villages within the town,
Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Saugatuck, and Mill
river. Thei'e are 3 harbors, Black Rock, Mill
river, and Saugatuck. With the exception of
New London, Black Rock is the best harbor ia
the Sound. The amount of shipping in Fairfield
district in 1816, was 7,033 tons.
Fairfield, JVew. See JVew Fairfield.
Fairfield, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. N.
Herkimer, 75 W. Albany. Pop. 2,705. In this
town, there is an academy, and a medical school
connected with it.
Fairfield, t. Essex co. N. J.
Fairfield, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohanzy
creek, 25 m. E. Salem. Pop. 2,279.
Fairfield, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 421.
Fairfield, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,973.
Fairfield, or Miller'' s, p-t. Adams co. Pa. 8 au
W. Gettysburg.
Fairfield, p-v. Rockbridge co. Va.
Fairfield, district, S. C. between Wateree and
Broad rivers. Pop. 11,857. Slaves, 4,034. Chief
town, Monticello.
Fairfield, p-v. Columbia co. Geo.
Fairfield, or Roberts'', p-v. Putnam co. Geo.
Fairfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken. 10 m. fr. Bairds-
town.
Fairfield, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 13,665. Chief town, Lancaster.
Faiifield, t Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 832.
Fairfield, t. Highland co. Ohio, N. of Hillsbo-
rough. Pop. 467.
Fairfield, t. Jefierson co. Ohio.
Fairfield, p-t. Greene co. Ohio, 11m. N. W.
Xenia.
Fairfield, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,414. In
this township is JEfomi/ton, the seat of justice for
the county.
Fairfield, t. Licking co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Newark.
F A L
Fairfield Head, t. Eng^. in Staffordshire, 5 m.
from Leeke.
Fairfard, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, on the
Colne, near its confluence with the Thames, 22
m. E. S. E. Gloucester.
Fairhaven, bay, on the N. W, coast of Spitz-
bergen. Lon. 10° E. Lat. 79^^ 50' N.
Fairhaven^ t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 116.
FaiHiaveUf p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Poultney
river, 9 m. N. N. E. Whitehall, 43 W, Windsor.
Pop, 645.
Fairhaven., t. Bristol co. Mass. on the E. side of
Accushnet river, opposite Bedford.
Fairhaveji, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
opposite the mouth of the Kenhaway, 4 m. above
Gallipolis.
Fair/lead, promontory, on the N. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 6^ 2' W. Lat. 55° 44' N.
Fair Isle, isl. Scotland, between the Orkney and
the Shetland islands. Lat. 59° 32' 30" N.
Fairlee, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 35 m. above Windsor. Pop. 983, including
West Fairlee.
Fairlee, West, t. Orange co. Vt. W. of Fairlee.
Fairley, s-p. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 18 m. S. W.
Greenock-
Fairlei) Road, channel, Scotland, in the frith of
Clyde, between the islands of Cum bray and the
-coast of Ayrshire.
Fairport, t. Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth of
Grand river, on lake Erie, 15 m. N. Chardon, 32
N. E. Cleveland.
Fair River, Canada, which runs from W^apessa-
■ga to lake St. John.
Fairtown, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop.
2,279.
Fairvale, p-v. in Granville, Washington co.
JJ.Y.
Fairview, p-v. Erie co. Pa,
Fairview, t, Guernsey co. Ohio, 25 m. E. Cam-
bridge
Fairweather, cape, on the E. coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 58^ 25' W. Lat. 51° 34' S.
Fairweather, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 222° 20' E. Lat. 58° 50^' N.
Fairweather, Mount, high mountain on the N.
W. coast of America, about 12 m. N. E. cape
Fairweather.
Fakenham Lamasta, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 7 m. fr.
East Dereham.
Falais, t. France. The castle of Falais, though
in ruins, is one of the finest in France. 15 m. S.
by E. Caen. Lon. 0° 7' W. Lat 48° 54' N, Pop.
14,000.
Falcon, Cape, on the S. coast of the island of
Ivica. Lou. 1° 20' E. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Falcon, Cape, on the W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8° 13' E. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Falconieri, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Sicily.
Falczi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the
Pruth, 32 m. E. N. E. Birlaf
Fale, r. Eng. in Cornwall, flows into tlie sea at
Falmouth.
Falene, r. W. Africa, the largest tributary of
the Senegal, empties 20 m. W, Gallam.
Fales, creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 11 m.
above Portsmouth.
'alkenaii., t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. E. Egra. Lon.
? 37' E. Lat. 50° 9' N.
'alkenberg, s-p. Sweden, on the Cattegat, 52 m.
Helsingberg. Lon. 12° 20' E. Lat. 56° 53'
N.
F A L
251
abov
Falkenstein, county in the circle of the Upper
Rhine, belonging to Austria.
Falkenstein, or Elleford, t. Saxony, in the Vogt*-
land, 2 m. S. Auerbach.
Falkioping, t. Sweden, in W. Gothland, 56 m.
E. Uddevalla. Lon. 13° 16' E. Lat. 58° 12' N.
Falkirk, t. Scotland, in Stirling co. near the
great canal between the rivers Forth and Clyde.
Three fairs, the greatest in Scotland, are held
near this place. They are exclusively for cattle,
sheep, and horses. Pop. 4,000. 8 m. W. Lin-
lithgow, 24 W. Edinburgh.
Falkland, t. Scotland, in Fife co. 10 m. W. Cu-
par. Pop. 2,317.
Falkland Isles, two large islands, and several
smaller ones, in the Atlantic ocean, E. of the
straits of Magellan, between lat. 51° 5' and 52°
46' S. lon. 51'=' 40' and 61° 10' W. They were
ceded to Spain in 1774. The soil is a mere bog,
and the land beaten by almost perpetusj storms.
They liave been called by many diflerent names.
Fall, r. R. L which rises in Watuper pond, and
runs into Taunton river.
Fall creek, r. Tompkins co. N. Y. which flows
into the S. end of Cayuga lake. There is a cata-
ract in tlijs river, 1 mile from its mouth, of 90 feet
perpendicular, and the whole descent of the wa-
ter, within li miles, is estimated at 350 feet.
Fallen City, or Old Jenisalem, range of rocks
among the Virgin isles, in the West Indies. Lon.
62° 53' W. Lat. 18° 10' N.
Falling spri'ngs, r. Va. which rises 20 m. S. W.
of the Warm spring, and flows into Jackson river.
It has a fill of 200 feet perpendicular, and a person
may walk dry between the sheet of water and the
rock.
Falling waters, p-v. Berkeley co. Va.
Falbwfield, t. Washington co. Pa. on the W.
side of the Monongahela, 25 m. S. E. Washingtom
Pop. 1,994.
FaUoxvfield, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 551.
Falhnrfield, East, t. Chester co. Fa. Pop. 990.
Fallowfield, West, t. Cliester co. Pa. Pop.
1,157.
Fallriver, p-t. Bristol co. Mass.
Falls, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, oppo-
site Bordentown, 28 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop.
1,649.
Falls, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 941.
Falls, t. Hockhocking co. Ohio.
Fallstown, p-t. Iredell co, N. C,
Falmouth, s-p. Eng. in Cornwall, at the mouth
of the Fal. Tliere is a good harbor here, defend-
ed by two castles ; and a fine and spacious road-
stead, capable of receiving the largest fleets. It
is the regular station of the packet boats which
carry foreign mails to Spain, Portugal, and Amer-
ica. Pop. 5,307. 95 m. S. W. Exeter, 269 W. S.
W. London. Lon. 6° 4' W. Lat. 50° 9' N.
Falmouth, t. Cumberland co. Maine, on Casco
bay, 5 m. N. Portland. Pop. 4,105. It formerly
included Portland, Westbrook, and Cape Eliza-
beth,
Falmouth, s-p, and p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 19
m. S. W. Barnstable Mass. 72 S. Boston. Pop.
2,237.
Falmouth, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. S. Lan-
caster.
Falmouth, p-t. Stafford co. Va. on the N. side of
the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, 23
m. S. W. Dumfries, 56 S. S. W. Washington.
Lon. 77c 30' W\ Lat, 38° 18' N. It is at the f.yot
of the falls, and hns considerable trff'.r.
252
FAQ
Falmouth, p-t. Pendleton co. Ken. on Little
Licking river. Pop. 12L
Falnioulh, s-p. Antigua, 7 m. S. E. St. John's.
Lon. 610 28'W. Lat. 17° 9' N.
Falmouth, 9-p. Jamaica. Lon. 77° 33' W. Lat.
180 31'N.
Falmouth, t. in Hants, Nova Scotia, on the S.
E. side of the basin of Minas, 28 m. N. W. Hali-
fax.
False Bay, New Zealand. Lon. 185° 38' W.
Lat. 46° 33' S.
False, Cape, Yiuatan, in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 87° 46' VV. L:tt. 20° 52' N.
Falsfer, isl. of ilie Baltic, between 11° 34' and
12° 10' E. ion. and 54° 32' and 54° 58' N. lat. ;
and belonging to Denmark. Pop. 16,500.
Falsterbo, s-p. Sweden, in Schonen, 22 m. S. S.
W. Lund. Lon. 12° 47' E. Lat. 55° 23' N.
Faluga, isl. near Sardinia, 12 m. S. Cape Ar-
gentera.
Faluga, t. Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Eu-
phrates, 25 m. S. Bagdad.
Falun, r. Switz. which runs into the lake of
Neufchatel near Yverdun.
Famagusla, s-p. Cyprus, on the east coast, built
on a rock. It is surrounded by strong walls, and a
deep ditch, 20 paces in breadth, cut out of the
?olid rock. The walls are thick, and flanked by
12 enormous towers, whose sides are four paces
thick, and their interior four in diameter. It
serves as a prison for the malefactors of this island
and other parts of the Turkish dominions. II was
formerly a famous city, but ruin and desolation
are now seen in every street, and the papulation
IS reduced to a few hundred. Lon. 33° 30' E.
Lat. 35° 10' N.
Fumars, v. France, dep. of the North, 3 ra. S.
■ Valcneiennes.
Famia, (an. Apamea,) t. Syria, 90 m. N. Da-
mascus. Lon. 36° 43' E. Lat. 35° N.
Famine, Port, fort, on the N. E. side of the straits
of Magellan. Lon. 70° 20' W. Lat. 55° 44' S.
Fanjeaux, t. France, in Aude, 13 m. W. Car-
ca?5one.
Fannet p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,398.
Fano, s-p. Italy, in the States of the Church, on
the Adriatic. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 7,500.
36 m. E. N. E. Urbino, 32 N. W, Ancona. Lon.
12° 59' 53" E. Lat. 43° 51' N.
Fairo, (an. Calypso,) small isl. N. W. of Cape
Sidero, in the island of Corfu. Pop. 500. Lon.
19°32'E. Lat. 39° 45' N.
Fano, Cape, promontory, Norway, in lat. 70°
SON.
Fanoe, isl. Denmark, near North Jutland, op-
posite to the town of Rypen. Lon. 9° 43' E. Lat.
65° 25' N.
Fanshaw, Cape, N. W. coast of America, on the
N. side of Frederick's sound. Lon. 226° 44' E.
Lat 670 11' N.
Fdntecs, a numerous and jwwerful people, on
the Gold coast of Africa, from Cape Coast Castle
to the frontier of Acra, about 100 miles. Their
power has since 1811 been almost entirely broken,
by repeated and formidable invasions of the Ashau-
tees.
Faon, t. France, 14 m. E. by S. Brest.
Faoua, t. Lower Egypt, on the VV. or Rosetta
branch of the Nile. Lon. 31° E. Lat. 31° 10' N.
Faouet, t. France, in Morbihan, 28 m. W. by
S. Pontivy. Lon. 3° 24' W. Lat. 48° 2' N.
, Faquier, co. V^a. inclosed by Loudon, Prince
William, Stafford, Culpeper, aud Frederick teun-
FAR
ties. Pop. 22,689. Slaves, 10,361. Chief town,
Warrentown.
Fara, t. Ecclesiastical State, 22 m. N. N. W.
Rome.
Faradeese, t. Tunis, 30 m. S. Tunis.
Fareham, s-p. Eng. at the N. W. extremity of
Portsmouth harbor, 12 m. S. E. Southampton, T3
S. W. London. Pop. 3,325.
Fareskour, t. Lower Egypt, on the Damietta
branch of the Nile, 7 m. S. Damietta.
Farewell, Cape, S. point of West Greenland,
on the N. side of the entrance of Davis's straits.
Lon. 42^ 42' W. Lat. 59° 37' N.
Farewell, Cape cape. New Zealand. Lon. 186^
W. Lat. 40° 33' S.
Farewell, Cape, Greenland. Lon. 42° 45' ^^
Lat. 59° 38' N.
Farim, small kingdom, W. Africa, on the rive-
Cacheo, or St. Domingo.
Farley-mills, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va.
Farleysville, p-v. Charlotte co. Va.
Farmer, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y.
Farmington, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 30 m.
N. Augusta.
Farmington, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 26 m. N.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,272.
Farmington, p-t. Hartford co. Conn, on Far-
mington river, 10 m. W. Hartlbrd, 30 N. New-
haven. Pop. 2,748. It contains 3 houses of pub-
lic worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Baptists.
Farmington River, rises in Massachusetts, and
runs S. E. to Farmington in Connecticut, where,
meeting with monntains, it turns N. and after
running 15 miles is joined by Salmon river ; it
then breaks through the mountains and has a cat-
aract of 150 feet, after which it is called Windsor
river, and joins the Connecticut, 4 miles above
Hartford.
Farmington, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. N. E.
Canandaigua. Pop. 1,908. Clifton springs arc
in this town, and are resorted to for their medi-
cinal qualities. They are strongly impregnated
with sulphur.
Farmington, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 ra. N. V^ -
Warren.
Farmington, t. Belmont co. Ohio.
Farmouliers, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9
m. N. Ro5oy.
Fannville, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va. on the
Appomatox, 72 m. S. W. Richmond.
Farndale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 17 m. fr. Kirby-
moorside.
Farnese, t. Italy, in the Popedom, 6 m. N. E.
Castro.
Farnham, t. Eng. in Surrey, on the Wye, cele-
brated for its hop plantations. Pop. 2,911. 9 m.
fr. Alton, 27 N. E. Winchester, 38 S. W. London.
Lon. 0° 47' 52" W. Lat. 51° 13' 7"N.
Farnham, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties,
Lower Canafda, S. E. of Montreal.
Farnham, p-v. Richmond co. Va.
Farnley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2i m. fr. Leeds.
Famley Tyas, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m,. from
Huddersfieki.
Faraworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. S. E.
Bolton.
Faro, isl. Sweden, in the Baltic, separated from
Gothland by a narrow strait. Lon. 19° 32' 55" E.
Lat. 57° 56' N.
Faro, s-p. Portugal, in Algarve, near Cape San-
ta Maria. ' It is the see df a bishop ; and carries
en considerable traffic. 18 m. S. W. Tavira, 130
t
F A ¥
S.E. Lisbon. Lon. 7° 51' 57'' W. Lat37°2'N.
Pop. 7,000.
Faroe, or Farocr Islands, a group of islands ia
the Northern ocean, between Iceland and Shet-
land, and between 61° 15' and 62° 20' N. lat.
They belong to Denmark, and consist of 25 isl-
ands, of which 17 are inhabited. Pop. in 1812,
5,209. Barley, rye, and pease are imported from
Denmark. The chief wealth of tlie islands con-
sists in sheep ; fishing is also an important source
of subsistence.
Faroe, small isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of
Zealand. Lon. 12° E. Lat. 54° 57' N.
Farr Bay, on the N. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4°
2' VV. Lat. 58° 3^1' N.
Farringdon, t. Eng. in Berks, 17 m. N. E. Ox-
ford.
Farruch, Cape, on the coast of Majorca. Lon.
3° 18' E. Lat.39'^47'N.
Fars, a province of Persia, bounded N. by Irak,
E. by Kirman and Lar, W. by Kuzistan, and S.
by the Persian gulf. The principal towns are
Schiras the capital, and Bushire the chief port on
the Persian gulf.
Farshouc, t. Upper Egypt, 20 m. S. Girge.
Farslay, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. fr. Leeds.
Fartac, Cape, or Far/ash, cape, on tlie S. coast
of Arabia. Lon. 51° 4' E. Lat. 15° 30' N.
Fartach, s-p. Arabia, 132 m, S. E. Hadraraaut.
Fasana, t. Istna, 4 m. N. N. W. Pola, 50 S.
Trieste.
Fasano, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, 6 m. S.
by E. Monoix)li. Pop. 7,100.
Fataienda, t. W. Africa, on the Gambia, about
500 m, fr, its mouth. Lon. 13° 8' VV. Lat. 15°
20' N.
Fatteconda, t. W. Africa, cap. of Bondou. Lon.
10°20' W. Lat. 14° 20' N.
Fatlick, s-p. W. Africa, 60 m. N. of the Gambia.
Favani, r. Naples, Avhich runs into tlia sea, 9
xn. S. S. E. Squillace.
Favara, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 30 m. E. S. E.
Derne.
Fauche, r. Illinois, runs into the Illinois from
theE.
Favelone, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 4
m. fr. Squillace.
Faverges, t. Savoy, 17 m. S. by E. Annecy.
Favemey, v. France, in Upper Saoue, 1 1 m. N.
Vesoul.
Faversham. See Feversham.
Favignana, (an. ^gusa,) one of the ^gades
islands, 5 m. fr. Sicily, 9 \V. by S. Trapani.
Faulbach, v. Franconia.
Fauquenihergues, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais,
17 m. S. W. St. Omer.
Fauquemont, t. Netherlands, 12 m. W. Aix la
Chapelle.
Fauquemont, t. France, 20 m. E. Metz.
Fauquier. See Faquier.
■^ Favorable lake, N. America. Lon. 93° 10' W.
Lat. 52° 48' N.
Faussembault, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, 10 m. W. Quebec.
Fauxvillers, t. Netherlands, 24 m. N. W. Lux-
emburg.
Faivay. See Fowey.
Fawceitstown, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio, on
Ohio river, 15 m. S. E. New Lisbon, 5 below the
Pennsylvania line.
Faun, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,452.
Fay, t. Frtooe, in Loire luferieure, 9 m. N. E.
Savenav.
F E A
253
Fay Billot, Le, i. France, in Upper Marne, IS
m. S. £. Langres.
Fayal, one of the Azore islands, about 27 miles
long, and 9 broad. Lon. 28° 41' W. Lat. 38" 31'
N. Its good harbor, and its situation in the route
of the homeward bound ships from India, has
made it much frequented. The principal town is
called Villa Orta or Horta.
Faye, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 11 ra. S.
Angers.
Fayence, t. France, noted for its manufactures
of earthenware, 14 m. N. E. Draguignan. Lon.
6^ 3' E. Lat. 43° 44' N.
Fayette, p-t. Kennebec eo. Maine, 20 m. W.
Augusta.
Fayette, t. Seneca co. N. Y. between Seneca
and Cayuga lakes, having Seneca river on the N.
18 m. N. Ovid, 7 m. E. Geneva. Pop. 1,754. It
is well situated for trade. Here is a printing-
office.
Fayette, co. in the S. W. part of Pa. Pop. 24,7 14.
Chief towns. Union and Brownvillo.
Fayette, co. in the central part of Ken. Pop.
21,370. Slaves, 7,664. Chief town, Lexington.
Fayette, co. Ohio, VV. of Pickaway co. Pop. in
1815, .3,705. Chief town, Washington.
Fayette, t. Gallia co. Ohio.
Fayette, co. Indiana.
Fayettciille, p-t. and cap, Cumberlavul co. N.
C. 60 ni. S. Raleigh, 95 N. N. W. Wilmington,
159 N. E. Columbia. Lon. 79= 58' W. Lat. 35°
3' N. It is advantageously situated near the W.
bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of boat navi-
gation, and is one ol' the most flourishing com-
mercial towns in the State. It is regularly laid
out, and contains a court-house, academy, 3 bank?,
2 printing-oilices, and 3 houses of public worship.
The inhabitants are principally Scotch Highland-
ers.— Large quantities of tobacco, cotton, wheat,
staves, naval stores, and other produce, are
brought to this place, and carried down the river
to Wilmington, in boats containing about 120 bar-
rels. The growth of Fayettville has been very
rapid, but it has received some severe checks
from fire. The inhabitants now begin to use
brick for building. The country in the immediate
vicinity is elevated ; the soil is dry, sandy, and
not fertile, except on the water courses.
Fayettciille, p-t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ten. on
Elk river, 30 m. N. Huntsville, 80 S. Nashville.
The public buildings are a court-house, bank,
academy, and church.
Fayoum, a province of Egypt, on the W. side
of the Nile, stretching out into the desert, by
which it is almost entirely surrounded. It consists
of a valley nearly environed by a circuit of hills.
This territory Ibrmed the ancient Arsinoe, de-
scribed by Strabo, as possessed of the highest fer-
tility, and cultivated like a garden. It now suf-
fers from the depredations of the Arabs, but still
yields grain in abundance. Cloths are made here
of woollen, linen, and cotton. About 8,000
shawls are said to be exported monthly ; and rose
water is manufactured, and sent to all parts oi"
Egypt, and to Syria. The communication with
Cairo is carried on weekly by caravans. Fayoum,
or Medina Fayoum, the capital, is in lon. 3(P 39
E. lat. 29° 27' N.
Fayston, t. Washington co. Vt. 15 m. S. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 149.
Fazeley, t. Eng. in Stafford, 2 m. fr. Tamworth.
Feale, r. Ireland, which, uniting with the river
Gall, in Kerry, takes the name of Cashin, and falls
254
F E i\
F E R
into the mouth of the Shannon, 11m. above Ker-
ry-head.
Fearing, t. Washing;ton co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Ma-
rietta. Pop. 454.
Fearn, v. Scotland, in Ross, 22 m. fr. Inverness.
Fecamp, s-p. France, 15 m. N. iV. E. Montivil-
lers, 9 S. VV. Dieppe. Lon. 0° 23' 3" E. Lat. 49°
45' 24" N. Pop. 7,000.
Fedala, s-p. on the W. coast of Morocco, 40 m.-
S. S. W. Salee.
Federalsburg, v. in Dorchester and Caroline
cos. Md. on Marshy hope creek, 20 m. N. E. Cam-
bridge.
Feedmghilh, p-v. in West-Springfield, Hamp-
den CO. Mass. 5 m. W. Springfield.
Feejee Islands, in the Pacific ocean, in about 19°
S. lat. and 180° E. lon. Sandal wood is plentiful.
The inhabitants are cannibals. See Friendly islands.
Feestown, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio.
Fehrabad, or Fahrabad, t. Persia, in Mazande-
ran, near the S. coast of the Caspian sea, at the
mouth of a river. The environs produce sugar,
cotton, and silk. 126 m. VV. Asterabad, 270 N.
Ispahan. Lon. 53° 12' E. Lat. 35° 56' N. Pop.
about 16,000.
Feira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. S. Oporlo.
Pop. 4,000.
Feium. See Fayoum.
Felaniche, t. Majorca. Pop. 6,800. Lon. 0°
14' W. Lat. 39° 32' N.
Feldkirch, t. Switzerland, on the river 111, 40
m. N. N. E. Coire. Lon. 9° 35' 15" E. Lat. 47°
14' 20" N.
Feldkirchen, t. Carinthia, 13 m. N. W. Clagen-
furt.
Feldsperg, t. Austria, 28 m. N. N. E. Vienna.
Lon. 16° 43' E. Lat. 48° 44' N.
Feliciana, co. Louisiana, divided into 4 parish-
es. East Baton Rouge, New Feliciana, St. Helena,
and St. Tammany or St Ferdinand.
Feliciana, p-t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, E. of
Baton Rouge.
Felicudi, one of the Lipari islands, anciently
called Phmnicusa. Lon. 14° 21' E. Lat. 38°
34' N.
Felizzano, i. Piedmont, near the Tanaro, 8 m.
W. Alessandria.
FdVs Point. See Baltimore.
Felletin, t. France, on the Creuse, 21 m. S. S.
E. Gueret. Lon. 2° 15' E. Lat. 45° 53' N.
Fellin, t. Livonia, 1 10 m. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25°
40' E. Lat. 58° 16' 30" N.
Felo Cape, the S. W. point of Sicily. Lon. 12°
27'E. Lat. 370 46''N.
Feloops, a people of W. Africa, on the S. side of
the Gambia.
Felsoe-Banya, t. Hungary, 4 m. from Neustadt.
Lon. 23° 42' 10" E. Lat. 47° 38' N.
Fellow, t. Prussian states, 9 m. S. W. Berlin,
Fellre, t. Venetian territory. It is the see of a
bishop. Pop. 5,200. 53 m. N. W. Verona, 83 N.
Padua. Lon. 1 1° 55' 24" E. Lat. 46° 0' 43" N.
Feltrino, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriat-
ic 4 m. S. E. Ortona.
Felu, cataract, in Senegal river, W. Africa, 60
m. above Gallam.
Feludsje, or Pelvxh, small isl. in the N. W. part
of the gulf of Persia, 10 m. E. Koueit. Lon. 48°
E. Lat. 29° 45' N.
Femern, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, opposite to
the coast of Holstein. Pop. 7,600.
Femme Osage, p-t. St. Charles co. Missouri.
Fennt range, t. France, in Meurthe, on the
Sarre, 19 m. E. Chateau-Salins. Lon. 6° 37' E.
Lat. 46° 52' N.
Fenestrelle, fort, France, 7 m. S. S. E. Susa, 20
N. N. W^. Pignerol.
Fenny, r. Hind, which forms the boundary be-
tween the districts of Tippera and Chittagong,
and falls into the sea in lat. 22° 50' N.
Fenny Stratford. See Stratford.
Fenwick, v. Scotland, in Ayrshii-e, 4 m. E. Kil-
marnock.
Ferabad. See Fehrabad.
Fercula, district, Africa, in the N. pail of ihc
Sahara, bordering on Tafilet, 50 m. W. Sigil-
messa.
Ferdinand, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier.
Ferdinajid, t. St. Louis co. Missouri.
Fere, La, t. France, in Aisne, at the confluence
of the Oise and the Serre. An action took place
here between the French and allies on the 1st of
March 1814. 14 m. N. W. Laon, 22 N. Soisson? ,
90 N. bv E. Paris. Lon. 3° 24' E. Lat. 49° 40' N,
Pop. 2,600.
Fere, Chatnpenoise, La, t. France. It was the
scene of an action between the French and the al-
lies on the 25th March 1814. 20 m. S. Epemay.
Fergus, r. Ireland, which runs into the Slia»-
non, 9 ra. S. Ennis, in Clare.
Ferguson, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,066.
Ferguson'' s ferry, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois.
Ferhabad. See Fehrabad.
Ferlaeh, Upper and Lower, 2 villages of Carin-
thia, on the Drave. Pop. of the two, 2,850. 6
m. S. Clagenfurt. Lon. 14° 17' E. Lat. 46° 24' N.
Fermanagh, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Tyrone
and Donegal, E. by Tyrone and Monaghan, and
S. by Cavan and Leitrim. It contains 694 square
miles, and 111,250 inhabitants.
Fermanagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,954.
Fermin Point, cape on the coast of New Albioq.
Lon. 242° 3' E. Lat. 33° 42' N.
Fermo, s-p. Ecclesiastical states, on the gulf of
Venice. It is tlie see of an archbishop. 26 m. S.
S. E. Ancona. Lon. 13° 41' 41" E. Lat. 43° 10'
18" N.
Fermosella, t. Spain, in Salamanca, where the
Tormes falls into the Douro, 48 m. W. Salamanca-
Pop. 3,000.
Fermoy, t. Ireland, in Cork, on the Blackwater,
107 m. from Dublin. Pop. 5,088.
Femambuco. See Pernambuco.
Fernandez, or Juan Fernandez, isl. in the Pacif-
ic ocean, 110 leagues W. Chili. This island is
celebrated for having been the solitary residence
for several years of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch
sailor, from whose adventures upon it De Foe
wrote the popular novel of Robinson Crusoe. Lon.
78° 52' W. Lat. 33° 40' S.
Femandina, s-p. on Amelia Island, E. Florida.
The harbour is defended by a fort.
Ferness, cape on Eday, one of the Orkney isl-
ands. Lon.2°43'W^. Lat. 59°2rN.
Femey, v. France, on the frontier of Switzer-
land, 5 m. N. N. W. Geneva. It was for many
years the residence of Voltaire.
Ferns, v. Ireland, in Wexford, 15 m. N. Wex-
ford.
Ferolito, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 18 m. S.
Matera.
Ferrandina, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, on the
Basiente, 15 m. S. W. Matera.
Ferrara, Duchy of, or the Ferrarcse, a province
of the Ecclesiastical states, having the A(iriatic on
I
F E R
Ihe E. and the Po on the N. the portion of it be-
yond that river having been annexed to Lombar-
dy in 1815. It lies low, and being frequently
overflowed by branches of the Po, is marshy and
unhealthy. Pop. 171,000.
Ferrara, city, Italy, capital of the Ferrarese,
and the see of an archbishop, situated on a marshy
plain near a branch of the Po, on the road from
Venice to Bologna. The churches and convents
are very numerous ; the cathedral is a very an-
cient fabric. Ferrara has a drawing academy,
and a collection of minerals and antiquities, at-
tached to its once famous university. Here are
shown manuscripts of Ario6to,Tasso, andGuarinij;
also the houses which they respectively occupied.
40 m. S. E. Mantua, 67 N. Bologna. Lon. 11° 36'
E. Lat. 44° 50' N. Pop. 24,000.
Ferreanah, t. Tunis, in Africa, supposed by Dr.
Shaw, to occupy the site of the ancient Tltala.
130 m. S. W. Tunis.
Ferreira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 13 m. W. Be-
Ferret, Cape, cape on the W. coast of France.
Lon. 1° 14' 45" W. Lat. 44° 53' 15'' N.
Ferriby, North, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, where
the wealthy merchants of Hull retire during the
summer.
Ferrier, Point, cape, New Albion. Lon. 242°
3' E. Lat. 33° 42^' N.
Ferrintosh, or Fairntash, v. Scotland, in Ross-
shire.
Ferrisburg, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. S. Bur-
lington. Pop. 1,647.
Ferriters. See Blaskets.
Ferriter's Cove, bay on the W. coast of Ireland,
between Sybil-head and Smerwick harbour.
Ferro, or Hiero, the most westerly of the Canary
islands. It contains about 7 square leagues. Pop.
6,000. It was once supposed to be the most west-
ci-ly point of the old world, and was employed by
all geographers as their first meridian. Lon. of
the W. point, 18° 10' W. Lat. 27° 45' N.
Ferrol, s-p. Spain, on the N. coast of Galicia,
in the bay of Corunna. The harbour, for depth,
capacity, and safety, is not equalled by many in
Europe. The entrance is very narrow, and com-
manded by forts, and which may even be shut by
a stoccado. It is now the first maritime arsenal
in the kingdom. The basin in which the sl«ps are
laid up is of great extent, and solid workmanship.
The marine barracks aflbrd accommodation for
6,000 men. The establishments here are all na-
val ; there is an academy for the Guardas Mari-
nas ; a mathematical school for marine artille-
rists ; a nautical, and even a pilot , school. Ferrol
is not a place of trade, the harbour being frequen-
ted only by coasting barks ; and the manufactures
confined to sail cloth. Pop. about 10,000. 21 m.
N. E. Corunna, 36 N. W. Lugo. Lon. 8° 11' W.
Lat. 43° 29' N.
Ferrol, Cape, a cape on the N. W. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 57° 11' W. Lat. 51° 4' N.
Ferri/, v. Scotland, in Forfarshire, on the frith
of Tay, 3 m. E. Dundee.
Ferrybridge, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ayre,
15 m. N. Doncaster.
Ferryden, v. Scotland, in Forfar, 1 m. S. Mon-
trose.
Ferry-hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Ferry Port on Craig, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire,
the mouth of the Tay, 4 m. E. S, E. Dundee.
Fcrrytown of Cm, ^n^CrntoKn.
FEZ
255
Fersina, r. Tyrol, which runs into the Adige, 2
m. N. Trent.
Ferte Alais, or Aleps, La, t. France on the
Juine, 34 m. S. Paris. Lon. 2° 30' E. Lat. 48°
29' N.
Ferie Bernard, La, t. France, in Sarthe, 18 m.
N. E. Le Mans. Lon. 0° 44' E. Lat. 48° 11' N.
Ferte Chaudron, La, t. France, in Nievre, 10
m. N. W. Moulins;
Ferte Gaucher, La, t. France, which was the
scene of a severe action, on 26th March 1814, be-
tween the French and allies. 14 m. S. Chateau-
Thierry. Lon. 3° 22' E. Lat. 48° 47' N.
Ferte Maces, La, t. France, 23 m. W. Alencon.
Pop. 3,400.
Ferte Milon, La, t. France, in Aisne, on the
Ourcq, 60 m. N. E. Paris.
Ferte sur Aube, La, t. France, in Upper Marne,
the scene of an action between the French and al-
lies on the 27th and 28th February 1814. 15 m,
W. Chaumont en Bassigne. Lon. 4° 42' E. Lat.
48° 6' N.
Ferte sous Jouarre, t. France, in Seine-and-
Marne, at the conflux of the Marne and the Morin.
10 m. E. Meaux. Pop. 3,700.
Fethord, t. Ireland, in Tipperary, 8 m. S. E.
Castel.
Fetio, (an. Ephetce,) t. Thessaly, 45 m. S. E.
Larissa.
Fetislaw, or Kladowo. t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia,
on the Danube, 8 m. E. Orsova.
Fetlar, or Fitlar, one of the more northern Shet-
land islands. Lon. 1° 6' W. Lat. 60° 58' N.
Fetlercairn, v. Scotland, in Kincardine.
Fetu, or Affetu, district on the Gold coast of Af-'
rica, in which is Cape Coast Castle.
Feversham, t. Eng. in Kent. The manufacture
of gunpowder is carried on to a great extent. The
works belong to government. Between 12,000
and 13,000 barrels are annually manufactured.
Pop. 3,872. 9 m. W. Canterbury, 47 E. London.
Lon. 0° 54' E. Lat. 51° 19' N.
Feugerolles, t. France, in Loire, 5 m. S. St. Et-
ienne.
Fez, country, N. Africa, bounded N. b}'^ the
straits of Gibraltar, E. by Algiers, S. by Morocco,
and W. by the Atlantic. It is now annexed to
Morocco, and forms the most valuable portion of
that empire. See Morocco.
Fes, a large city of Morocco, in Africa, built ia
793, and once the capital of all the western Ma-
hometan states. Leo Africanus describes it in the
twelfth century as containing 700 temples and
mosques. Such was the veneration in which it
was held, that when the road to Mecca Avas shut
up, pilgrimages were made to Fez, as a city al-
most as sacred. It was no less famous for learning.
Its numerous schools for philosophy, physic, and
astronomy, were resorted to from all the Mahom-
etan kingdoms of Spain and Africa. The situa-
tion of the city is singular. It lies in a valley,
which is formed by surrounding hills into a species
of funnel, and the higher parts of which are cov-
ered with trees, orange groves and orchards. A
river winds through the valley, refreshing the
fields, turning various machinery, and supplying
water to all the city. Fez stands in the hollow
parts of this valley ; and the gardens seeu around
it form a most delightful amphitheatre. On a height
above the rest of the city stands New Fez. The
finest edifice is the mosque of Carubin, which is
a mile and a half in circumference. The city
contains 200 caravansaries or inns. The mar-
256
F I G
F 1 N
kets are immensely crowded. Pop. according to
Mr. Jackson, 380,000, according to Ali Bey,
100,000. Lon. 5° 20' W. Lat. 33° 50' N.
Feza, city, Persia, in Fars, supposed to be the
ancient Pasa Sarda, 56 m. W. Darabjerb.
Fezzan, a country of interior Africa, S. of Tri-
poli. It forms, as it were, a great island in the
midst of an immense desert of sand. The cultiva-
ted plain is about 300 miles long, and 200 broad.
The heatof summer is intense, scarcely supporta-
ble even by the natives. The winter on the other
hand, is bleak and cold. The population, estima-
ted by Horneman at 70,000 or 75,000, is composed
partly of the natives of the bordering desert, and
partly of merchants from Egypt, Tripoli, Bornou,
Cassina, and other distant parts of Africa. The
king pays a small tribute to Tripoli, but in other
respects is entirely independent, and rules his do-
minions with absolute sway. Fezzan derives its
chief importance from that favourable situation,
which renders it a grand depot for the immense
interior commerce which is carried on between
Northern and Central Africa. A British resident
has lately been appointed at the court of Fezzan,
and the British government have determined to
make vigorous efforts, to penetrate by this route
into the interior of Africa.
Fiano, t. Italy, on the Tiber, 15 m. N. Rome.
Fiano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 9 m. S. Ter-
amo.
Fianona, s-p. Istria, on the gulf of Quarnero,
36 m. S. E. Trieste. Lon. 14° 18' E. Lat. 45°
49' N.
Ficheruolo^ t. of the Popedom, on the Po, 13 m.
W. N. W. Ferrara.
Fidalgo, Port, inlet, N. W. coast of America, in
Prince William sound. Lat. 60° 55' N.
Fiddich, r. Scotland, in Banff, which falls into
the Spey.
Fidts, t. Lower Austria, on tlie Theya, 6 m. S.
W. Bohmisch Wadhofen.
Fiego, or Fijoogo, s-p. Japan, on the S. coast of
Niphon. 48 m. S. W. Meaco.
Field^s mills, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Fier, r. Savoy, which falls into the Rlione near
Seissel.
Fiesole, (an. Fasulcr.,) t. Tuscany, 3 m. N. E.
Florence.
Fife, a maritime co. Scotland, bounded N. by
the Tay, E. by the German ocean, S. by the frith
of Forth, and W. by the counties of Perth, Clack-
mannan, and Kinross. It contains 504 square
miles. It is verv {xipulous and fertile, and abounds
with minerals. " Pop. 101,272. Families, 26,352,
of which number, 5,073 are engaged in agricul-
ture, and 15,564 in trade and manufactures.
Fifeness, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2° W. Lat. 56°
17' N.
Fifteen-mile creek, r. which rises in Pennsylva-
nia, and runs into the Potomac in Maryland.
Figalo, Cape, cape on the coast of Epirus, at the
entrance of the gulf of Arta. Lon. 20° 32' E. Lat.
39° 20' N.
Figari, Porto, di, t. Corsica, 17 m. S. W. Porto
Vecchio.
Figeac, t. Fiance, in Lot, on the Seille, 27 m.
E. Cahors, 46 N. E. Montauban. Lon. 2° 8' E.
Lat. 47° 37' N. Pop. 6,450.
Fighig, t. and district, Africa, within the nom-
inal doniinions of the emperor of Morocco, and a
rendezvouz for tlie Mecca and Tombuctoo cara-
vans. 240 m. E. S. E. Mequinez.
Fighting island, small isl. of Michigan Territo-
ry, in Detroit river, alittle above Gross isle.
Figlino, t. Tuscany, in the Val d'Arno, 16 m.
S. S. E. Florence.
Figueira, t. Portugal, in Bcira, on the Monde-
go, 10 m. S. W. Montemor o Velho.
Figuems, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near the
French frontier. It has a stroiog and magnificent
castle. 20 m. N. Gerona, 25 S. Perpignan. Pop.
4,600.
Figueri, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Sardin-
ia. Lon. 9° 46' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Filadeljia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 m.
W. Squillace.
FiJehne, t. Prussian Poland, 26 ra, N. W. Posen.
Filck, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. E. Cremnitz.
Filey, t. Eng. on the coast of York, 2 m. N. Hun-
m«nby.
Filippo d'' Argirone, t. Sicily, in the Val di De-
mone, on the Jaretta, 9 m. S. Nicosia. Pop.
6,000.
Filipoppoli. See Philippopoli.
Filoquia, (an. Argos Amphilochium,^ t. Albanifj,
on the gulf of Arta, 25 m. S. E. Arta.
Filoti, t. Eu. Turkey, 8 m. W. Joannina,
Fimarella, r. Naples, which runs into the guH"
of Tarento. Lon. 17° 12' E. Lat. 39° 36' N.
Finale, s-p. in the Genoese territory, 35 m. S.
W. Genoa. Lon. 8° 24' E. Lat. 44° 10' N. Pop.
7,000.
Finale de Modena, t. Modena, on the Panaro, 23
m. N. E. Modena.
Fincaslle, or Monroe, p-t. and cap. Botetourt co.
Va. on Catabaw creek, which runs into James riv-
er, a few miles below the town ; 55 m. VV. by N.
Lynchbui^, 36 E. Lexington, Ken. 175 W. Ilicli-
mond. It contains a court-house and jail, and
about 60 houses.
Fiiichley, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 7 m. N. Lon-
don.
Finchtown, t. St. Ormont co. Up. Canada.
Findhorn, r. Scotland, which falls into the Mo-
fay frith, 4 m. below Forres.
Findhorn, s-p. Scotland, in Elgin, at the mouth
of the Findhorn, 5 m. N, Forres.
Findleysville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
Finham, t. France, 22 m. N. by W. Toulouse.
Finholloway, r. Geo. which runs into the Alata-
maha, in Wayne co.
Finisterra, Cape, the N. W. point of Spain, on
the coast of Galicia. Lon. 9^ 13' 30" W. Lat. 43°
56' 30" N.
Finisterre, a department in the western extrem-
ity of France. Quimber is the capital, though
Brest is a much larger place.
Finland, an extensive country in the north of
Europe, bounded N. by Lapland, E. by the Rus-
sian governments of Archangel and Olonetz ; S.
by the gulf of Finland, and W. by the gulf of
Bothnia. It extends from 60° to m° N. lat. The
whole of this country, except the district of Wy-
borg, formerly belonged to Sweden, and was divi-
ded into Finland proper, and East Bothnia, but
in 1808, the whole was annexed to Russia, and
now constitutes the goA'ernment of Finland. It
contains 89,520 square miles, and 1,115,000 in-
habitants. The pasturages are extensive and
good ; the exports of the country consist in tar,
pitch, wood, iron, and copper. The Finnish lan-
guage is quite different both from Russian aiid
Swedish ; this language is spoken also in Lapland,
Esthonia, and in part of Livonia. In religion the
Finlandei's are Lutherans. The capital is Abo.
F I S
Finlet/, t. Washin^on co. Pa. Pop. 1,035.
Finmark., an extensive province of Norway,
bordering on the Northern ocean. Pop. 27,000.
The inhabitants derive their principal subsistence
irom fishing. To this province belong several isl-
ands, on one of which, Mageroe, is the north cape,
tiie most northern promontory of Europe.
Finn, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Foyle
near Strabane.
Finms, t. France, 17 m. W. Rheims. Lon. 3*^
42' E. Lat. 49° 20' N.
Fino, Cape, Genoa, on the coast of the Riviera
di Levante. Lon. 8° 6' E. Lat. 44° 19' N.
Finow, small r. Brandenburg, which falls into
tile Oder.
Fiiuterwalde, t. Prussian states, 36 m. N. Dres-
den.
Finlry, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 8 m. S. W.
Stirling.
Fionda, or Pkionda, (an. Phaselis,) city of Asia
Minor, on the W. coast of the gulf of Satalia. It
is called Tekrova by the Turks. Here are the 3
ports and the lake, described by Strabo ; the ruins
of a theatre, and the remains of several large buil-
dings. 26 m. S. Adalia,
Fiorentino, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Ro-
ma, 23 m. N. Terracina- Lon. 13° 6' E. Lat. 41°
42' N.
/''iorcn/mo, t Naples, in the Capitanata, 7 m. S.
Lucera.
Fiorenzuola, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 10 m.
S. St. Severo.
Fiorenzuola, t. and fort of the duchy of Piacen-
za, 22 m. N. W. Parma. Pop. 3,000.
Firan, small island in the Red sea. Lon. 41°
30' E. Lat. 17° 13' N.
Firelands, a tract of country, Ohio, which in-
cludes the 5 western-most ranges of townships in
the Connecticut reserve.
Firenzuola, t. Tuscany, 22 m. N. Florence, 23
S. Bologna.
Fireplace, ■p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Firminy, t. France, in Loire, 6 m. W. St. Et-
ienne.
Firosabad, the name of part of the city of Delhi.
Firozabad, t. Hind, in Agra, on the Jumna. Lon.
7S° 20' E. Lat. 27° 9' N.
Firozeabad, t. Persia, in Fars, 70 m. from Bu-
shire.
Firozeh, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 75° 13' E. Lat.
29° 17' N.
First Moon, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,033.
First Sight Island, one of the Solomon islands.
Lon. 149° 10' E. Lat. 7° 15' S.
Fischhausen, t. East Prussia, on the Frische-
Haf, 5 m. W. Konigsberg.
Fishkill, r. N. Y. which joins Wood creek 2
miles from its entrance into Oneida lake. Anoth-
er creek of this name is the outlet of Saratoga
lake into Hudson river. Its moutli is opposite the
mouth of Battenkill. On the banks of tins creek,
the British army, under Gen. Burgoyne, surren-
d«red to Gen. Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777.
Fish River, Great, r. Africa, which rises in the
Sneuwberg mountains, and falls into the Indian
sea. Lon. 21° 20' E. Lat. 33° 30' S.
Fish River, r. West Florida, which runs into
Mobile bay. Lon. 87° 50' W. Lat. 30° 30' N.
Fisher's field, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m. E.
Charlestown, 23 W. Concord. Pop. 563. Sunapee
pond lies partly in this town.
Fisher'' s island, isl. in Long-Island Sound, an-
ted to Southold, Suffolk co. N. Y. 5 m. S. W.
3r^
F I U
257
Stonington, Ct. It is 9 miles long and 2 broad, r
Pop. 100.
Fisher's store, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama.
Fisherrow, t. Scotland, 5 m. E. Edmburgh.
Fishguard, or Fisgard, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke
CO. 16 m. from St. David's.
Fishing bay, bay, Md. on the eastern shore of
the Chesapeake, in Dorchester and Somerset cos. ^
It receives the Wicomico and Nanticoke, besides
other smaller rivers. The entrance is between
Goldsborough, and Devil's islands.
Fishing creek, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on th^
Susquehannah. Pop. 628.
Fishing creek, p-t. Tyler co. Va.
Fishing creek, p-v. Wilkes co. N. C.
Fishingford cross-roads, p-v. Bedford co. Ten.
nessee.
Fishing river, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Fishkill, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson riv-
er, 10 m. below Poughkeepsie, 65 N. New-York.
Pop. 6,930. The village of Fishkill is about 3 m.
E. of the river, on Fishkill creek. The other set-
tlements in the town, are Hopewell^ New Hack-
insac, Middlebush, and Wappinger's creek. The
number of churches is 6. Here are numerous
mills and manufactures and 2 landings, at
which considerable trade is carried on.
Fishkill landing, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y.
Fish lake, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river
Don, 2 m. from Thorn.
Fish river, r. Alabama, which runs into the E.
side of Mobile bay.
Fisko, small isl. of the Baltic. Lon. 20° 45' E.
Lat. 60° 28' N.
Fismes, t. France, 14 m. W. Rheims. Lon. 3P
42' E. Lat. 43° 19' N.
Fitchburg, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. on Nashua
river, 25 m. N. Worcester. Pop. 1,566.
Fittre, or Fiddri, large lalce of Central Africa,
in a kingdom of the same name, called also, Lussi
Cougu, and Dar Cooka. The kingdom lies S. of
Begherme, and is now subject to Boruou.
Filfil Head, cape of Mainland, one of the Shet-
land isles, near tlie N. extremity. Lon. 1° 44' W.
Lat. 59° 50' iN.
Fitzherberfs Island, small isl. in the Florida
stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico.
Lon. 81° 50' W. Lat. 24° 40' N.
Fitzhugh's Sound, narrow channel of the Pacif-
ic ocean, between Calvert's island and the W.
coast of America.
Fitzjames, formerly Warthi, t. France, in Oise,
3 m. N. E. Clermont.
Fitzwilliam, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 13 m. S.
E. Keene. Pop. 1,310.
Five Fingers Point, New Zealand, the N. prom-
ontory at tiie entrance of Dusky bay.
Fivizzavo, t. Tuscany. 13 m. N. N. E. Carrara.
Pop. 3,200.
Fiume, s-p. Austrian empire, at the bottom of
the gulf of Quarnero, on the Adriatic. The har-
bour, though difficult of entrance, is very com-
modious. 5 m. W. N. W. Buccari, 36 S. E.
Trieste. Pop. 12,000. Lon. 14° 26' 22" E. Lat.
45° 20' 10" N.
Fiume, one of the circles of the newly erected
Austrian kingdom of Illyria. Pop. 131,500.
Fiume Grande, r. Sicily, which forms the E.
boundary of the Val di Mazzara.
Fiumicino, s-p. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state,
at the mouth of the W. branc)i ef the Tiber, 2
in. S. W. Porto.
258
B' L E
Flaach, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, at the conflux
of the Rhine and Thur, 8 m.S. W. Schaffhausen,
Fladslrand, s-p. Denmark, in Jutland. It is a
common shipping place to Norway. 30 m. N. N.
E. Aalborg. Lon. 10° 33' 30" E. Lat 57° 27'
3"N.
Flagg-spring, p-v. Campbell co. Ken.
Flamborougli, t. Eng-. in Yorkshire.
Flamborough, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Bur-
lington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake Ontario.
Flamborough Head, lofty promontory, Eng. on
the coast of York. Lon. 0° 19' E. Lat. 54° 9' N.
Flanders, country, Europe, included partly in
France, but chiefly in the new kingdom of the
Netherlands. Frencli Flanders, forms the depart-
ment of the North. The part belonging to the
Netherlands is divided into East and West Flan-
ders, which are separated from each other by a
line running almost due S. from Sluys. East
Flanders contains 1,080 square miles. Pop.
600,000. Its capital is Ghent. The surface is
level in the north, while to the south it consists of
undulating plains. The soil is in general a heavy
loam, and very fertile. The chief productions are
corn, pulse, flax, madder, tobacco, fruit ; and the
pasturages are also excellent. West Flanders has
a considerable tract of coast, in the central part of
which is Ostend. Its extent is 1,500 square miles.
Pop. 520,000 ; its surface is in general level, ex-
cept the sand hills on the coast. Here also the
goil is fertile, and (he agriculture good. The
manufactures are very considerable in lace and
fine linen. '
Flannan Islands, several islands of the Hebrides.
Lon. 7° 25' W. Lat. 58° 26' N,
Flaibush, p-t. and cap. Kings co. Long-Island,
N. Y. on New-York bay, 5 m. S. by E. New- York
city. Pop. 1,159. The public buildings are, a
court-house, an academy, called Erasmus Hall,
and a church. A battle was fought near this town,
27th August, 1776, in which the Americans were
defeated by the British, with great loss.
Flat creek, r. S. C. which runs into the Great
Pedee, 6^ m. from Greenville.
Flat Holm, isl. in the Bristol channel. Lon. 3^
5' W. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Flatlands, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New-York bay,
2 m. S. Flatbush. Pop. 517.
Flat Point, cape at the southern extremity of
Sumatra. Lon 102° 38' E. Lat. 0° 50' S.
Flathow, t. Prussian Poland, 25 m. W. N. W.
Bromberg. Lon. 17° 2' 27" E. Lat. 53° 21' 53" N.
Flattery Cape, on the N. W. coast of America,
in lat. 18>= 23i N. and in lon. 124° 52' W.
Fleche, La, t. France, in Sartlie, on the Loir,
formerly celebrated for its college, which is now
discontinued. Pop. 5.000. 22 m. N. E. Angers.
Lon. 0° 8' E. Lat. 47° 42' N.
Fleckeroe, isl. Norway, nearChristiansand. Lon.
8° 18' E. Lat. 58° 4' N.
Fleet, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 8 m.
N. Newark.
Fleet, r. Scotland, which falls into Wigton bay.
Fleming, co. in the E. part of Ken. Pop. 8,947.
Slaves, 549.
Flemings, p-v. Wayne co. Indiana.
Flemingsburg, p-t. and cap. Fleming co. Ken.
Ftemington, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 23 m. N.
N. W. Trenton, 9 S. Pittstown, 53 N. E. Philadel-
phia.
Flenslorg, s-p. Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay
of the Baltic, 16 m. N. Sleswick, Pop. 15,000,
Lon, 9° 27' 40" E. Lut. 54° 47' 18" X.
i^' L O
Fletcher,, t. Franklin co. Vt 22 m, N. E. Bur-
lington. Pop. 382.
Fleurancei, t. France, on the Gers, 4 m. S. Lcc<-
toure. Lon. 0° 1 5' E. Lat, 43° 5 1 ' N.
Fleurus, t, Netherlands, in Hainault, near
the Sambre, and the scene of repeated battles.
Pop, 2,020, 7 m, N. E, Charleroi.
Flinders Island, isl. on the S. coast of New-Hol"-
land. Lon. 134" 27' E, Lat. 33° 41' S,
Flinn, t, Jackson co, Indiana.
Flinn'sfork, p-v, Caldwell co. Ken.
Flint, CO, Wales, bounded N, by the Irish sea,
N. E, by the estuary of the Dee, E. by Cheshire,
and S, E. and S, W, by Denbighshire, The prin^
cipal manufactures are copper and brass, which
are carried on to a large extent near Holywell.
Pop, in 1811, 46,518, Families, 9,740 ; of which
number 4,086 were employed in agriculture, and
3,009 in trade and manufactures.
Flint, t. Wales, m Flint co. on the estuary of
the Dee. Pop. 1,433. 7 m. from Holywell.
Flint, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which runs into
Canandaigua river, at the village of Vienna ia
Phelps.
Flint, r. Geo. which rises between N. lat. 34"^
and 35°, and running S. joins the Chatahoochee to
form the Appal achicola. The Creek Indians have
a number of villages on this river.
Flint Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence,
near the coast of Cape Breton island. Lon. 59°
40'W. Lat. 46°10'N.
Flitsch, t. Austrian empire, IB m. W. S. W. Vil-
lach.
Flix, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 20 m.
S. Lerida, 25 N. Tortosa. Lon. 0° 22' E. Lat. 41*
8'N.
Flixlon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. W. Man-
chester.
Flodden, v, Eng. in Northumberland, near to
which a bloody engagement was fought between
the English and Scotch, September, 1513. 3 m.
N. Wooler.
Florae, i. France, in Lozere, on the Tarn, 13
m. S. Mende. Lon. 3° 40' E. Lat. 44° 19' N.
Florence, the capital of the grand duchy of Tus-
cany, and one of the finest cities of Italy, stands in
a beautiful valley intersected by the Amo. It?
streets and squares are adorned with pillars, foun-
tains, and statues. The number of churches is
uncommonly great, and they contain many excel-
lent paintings. The cathedral is a building of
great extent and magnificence. The dome of this
building is much admired ; also the adjoining
tower, 280 feet in height, which is light and grace-
ful in its architecture, and adorned with statues.
The church of St. Lorenzo contains the magnifi-
cent mausoleum of the Medicis ; and the adjoin-
ing convent holds the library of tlie same family,
valuable chiefly for its manuscripts. But the
grand collection of works of art is iuthe Medicean
gallery, known throughout Europe as the gallerj
of Florence ; it is more than 500 feet long, and re-
plenished with busts, statues, and paintings. The
last are arranged so as to exhibit the history of the
art from the 11th to the 17th century. Here is
the celebrated Venus de Medicis, and other beau-
tiful specimens of art, carried ofi'for a time by the
French, but restored in 1815. The university of
Florence dates from 1438. In 1542 was instituted
the Academia Florentina. Here are also schools,
and an academy of the fine arts. Dante, Machia-
vel, Guicciardini, Americus Vespucius, and other
distinguished characters^ were natives of Florence
FLO
Fiorence is surrounded by a wall, aud lias two
citadels. It is t!ie see of an archljisliop, and was
aplaceof great trade from the 13th to the 15th
rentury. 50 ra. S. Bologna, 130 N. N. W. Rome.
Lon. 11° 15' 45" E. Lat. 43" 46' 41" N. Pop.
75,000.
Floretu-e, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. N. W. Rome.
Fop. 396.
Florence, t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Alabama,
on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the
Muscle Shoals, 60 m. N. by E. Cotton-gin Port.
It is on a plain, elevated 100 feet above the river,
and was laid out in 1818.
Florensac, t. France, 16 m. E. by N. Beziers.
FloremiUe, L Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 11
m. N. Neufchateau.
Flores, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 234° 3' E. Lat.
49° 20' N.
Flares, isl, one of the Azores, about 30 miles long
and 9 broad. Pop. 1,300 or 1,400. Lon. 31® W.
Lat. 39° 34' N.
Flares, or Ende, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about
200 miles long, by 40 or 50 broad. Lon. 120° to
123°E. Lat. 8'oto9° S.
Florida, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. N. N. E.
Lenox. Pop. 392.
Florida, p-v. in Warwick, Orange co. N. Y. 4i
m. from the village of Warwick. It has about 60
houses, a church, and an academy.
Florida, p-t, Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mo-
hawk, 11 m. S. Johnstown, 35 N. W. Albany. Pop.
2,777. It contains 5 churches.
Florida, a territory of the U. States, bounded
N. by Alabama and Georgia, E. by the Atlantic,
8. and W. by the Gulf of Mexico. Formerly the
name of Florida was applied to the whole country
east of the Mississippi, and bounded as follows :
N. by the river St Mary from the sea to its source,
thence W. to the junction of Flint river with the
Appalachicola, then up the Appalaohicola to the
parallel of 31° N. lat Uieii due W. along that par-
allel to the Mississippi. The river Appalachicola
divided this country into East and West Florida.
The part Iving between the Mississippi and Pearl
river, is now included in the state of Louisiana ;
the part between Pearl river and the Perdido, be-
longs to the states of Mississippi and Alabama ;
and the part east of the Perdido is the country tliat
is now properly called Florida. It lies between
25° and 31° N. lat. and between 80° 30' and 87°
20' W. lon. The soil is very various ; in some
parts, especially on the banks of the rivers, it is
«qual to any in the world ; in other parts, indif-
ijerent ; and there are large tracts which are rep-
resented to be of little value. The country, how-
ever, has been but imperfectly explored, and few
agricultural experiments have been made. Much
of the land, which, on a superficial view, has been
supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed
may be turned to very profitable account. The
productions are corn, rice., potatoes, cotton, hemp,
olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is
supposed that coffee and the sugar cane will flour-
ish here. The pine barrens produce a kind of
grass, which supports an immense number of cat-
tle. The forests yield fine live oak, -pitch, tar,
and turpentine, and lumber has been exported for
nearly a century. Vast quantities of fish are cur-
ed on the coast. — The climate, from October to
June, is generally excellent ; but the months of
July, August, and September, are extremely hot
and uncomfortable; and during tliis season, fevers
tre prevalent- At St. Augustine however, the
FLU 25$
climate is delightful, and this place is the resort
of invalids.
Florida has often changed masters. Until 1763
it belonged to Spain. It was then ceded to Great
Britain ; but in 17B3, was restored to Spain, with
whom it remained till 1821, Avhen it was ceded to
the United States. The white population is com-
posed of Spaniards, English, Scotch, Irish, and A-
mericans. Their number is supposed not to ex-
ceed 10 or 15,000, and their settlements are con-
fined to the coast and the banks of the principal
rivers. The Seminole Indians formerly possessed
the most fertile districts, but in the recent contest
with the U. States, they have been scattered and
slaughtered. See Seminoles. The principal riv-
ers are the 5<.^o/m's, which is a fine river, running
from S. to N. through nearly the wiiole extent of
the peninsula ; and the Appalachicola, which ri-
ses on the borders of Tennessee, and derives its
waters from the western half of Georgia, and a
part of Alabama. The principal island is Amelia
island. The principal towns are St. Augustine
and Pensacola, The acquisition of Florida ii
very important to the United States, as it secures
the outlet of several navigable rivers ; axcludes
foreign powers from a long line of vulnerable fron-
tier ; gives us numerous ports in the Gulf of Mex-
ico ; brings near the W. India islands, and adds
some valuable articles to the list,ofour agricultu-
ral products. See Forbes'' purchase.
Florida, p-t. Highland co. Ohio.
Florida, Cape, the most easterly point of Flor-«
ida. Lon. 80° 37' W. Lat. 25° 44' N.
Florida^ Gulf of, the channel between the pen-
insula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N. of the
island of Cuba, and thi*ough which the gulf stream
passes.
Florida Keys, or Martyr^ s Islands, a number of
rocks and sand banks at the S. extremity of E.
Florida. The great sand bank extends from the
peninsula of East Florida inward, to the gulf ol
Mexico, in the form of a nook.
Florida, Rio, r. JS'ew Spain, Which discharges
itself into the Conchos.
Florida Stream, channel which separates the
island of Cuba from the coast of Florida, between
the gulf of Florida and the gulf ol" Mexico.
Florissant, p-t. St Louis co. Missouri on Missou-
ri river, opposite St Charles, 16 m. N. W. St.
Louis, and 12 m. above Bellefontaine.
Flotle, t. France, on the isleof Rhe, 7 m. W. La
Rochelle. Pop. 3,000.
Flowertown, or White Marsh, p-t. Montgomery
CO. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 12 in. N. Philadelphia,
Pop. 1,328.
Floyd, t. Oneida CO. N. Y. 6 m. N. E. Rome,
Pop. 970. Iron ore is found here.
Floyd, CO. Ken. Pop. 3,485. Slaves, 115,
Chief town, Prestonville. At the court-house is
a post office,
Floyd, CO. Iiidiana»
Floyd's, p^v. Buckingham co. Va.
Fluelen, v. Switzerland, canton of Schv/itz, on
the lake of Lucern, 2 m. N. Altorf.
Fhishing, s-p. Netherlands, in the isl. of Wal-"
cheren, on the N. side of the Scheldt, at its mouth,
28 m. N. E. Ostend. Lon. 3° 35' E. Lat. 51° 27'
N. Pop. 5^700. The approach to the harbour is
between two jetties, which break the action of the
sea. Inside of the town afe two basins^ one o(
such size and depth as to contain a fleet of men of
War. Flushing is A noted resort of English smiug*
glera both in peace and war.
260
F O L
Flushing, t. Queen's co. N. Y. on Long Island,
15 m. E. New York. Pop. 2,730. The village
stands on a bay of Long Island sound, and has con-
siderable trade. Flushing is the summer resi-
dence of many genteel families from the city of
New York.
Flushing, t Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. W. St.
Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 965.
Fluvanna. See James river.
Fluvanna, co. Va. inclosed by Albemarle, Lou-
isa, and Goochland counties, and by James river,
which separates it from Buckingham co. Pop.
4,775. Slaves, 2,142. Chief town, Columbia.
Fluvia, r. Spain, which falls into the Mediter-
i-anean, near Ampurias. Lat. 42° 10' N.
Fly Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 150° 20' W.
Lat. 16° S.
Fcca, small isl. W. Africa, at the mouth of the
Calabar river.
Fochabers, t. Scotland, in Banff, on the Spey, 9
m. E. Elgin.
Fo-chan, t. China, near Canton, and on the
banks of the same river, at the head of the tide.
Fochea, (an. Phocea,) s-p. Asia Minor, in Nato-
lia, at the mouth of the Hermus, in the gulf of
Smyrna, 28 ni. N. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26° 39' E.
Lat. 38° 44' N.
Foczani, t. En. Turkey, on the Milkow, which
divides it into two parts, the one in Walachia, the
other in Moldavia, 54 m. W. N. W. Galacz. Lon
270 13'E. Lat. 44° 42' N.
Foeldwar, t. Hungarv, on the Danube, opposite
Colocza. Pop. 2,500." Lon. 18° 26' 3" E. Lat.
46^^ 48' 25" iV.
Fogaras, t. Transylvania, on the Aluta, 28 m.
W. Cronstadt, Lon. 24° 29' 30" E. Lat. 45° 48'
47" N.
Foggia, t. Naples, in Capitanata, without walls,
citadel, or gates. The square of Fogjia, and
several of its sli'eets, are undermined with vaults,
where corn is stored and preserved from year to
year. 42 m. N. E. Benevento. Lon. 15° 38' E.
Lat. 41° 25' N. Pop. 17,000.
Foggy, Cape, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 54° 54' N.
Foggy Island, near the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 56° 10' N. Lon. 202° 45' E.
Fohr, small isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of
Sleswick. Pop. 5,600. Lon. 8° 31' E. Lat. 54°
44' N.
Foix, t France, cap. of Arriege, on the river
Arriege, 34 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 3,600.
Fo-kien, province, China, bounded N. by Tche-
kiang, E. by the Chinese sea, S. by Quang-tong,
and VV. by Kiang-si. Considerable commerce is
carried on between Fokien and Japan, Formosa,
the Philippine islands, Java, Cambodia, and Siam.
Fou-tcheou is tlie capital. Pop. 15,000,000.
Foldenjiord, large bay of Norway, in Nord-
land.
Foleshill, t. Eng. in Warwick, 2 m. N. E. Cov-
entry. Pop. 3,480.
Foligno, t. Ecclesiastical States, 10 m. N. N.
W. Spoleto, 15 S. E. Perugia. Pop. 7,000.
Folkingham, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 27 m. S.
Lincoln.
Folkstone, or Folkestone, i. Eng. in Kent, with a
?pacious harbor. The sea is making rapid en-
croachments here. Pop. 3,697. 7 m. S. W. Do-
ver, 72 E. S. E.London.
Folly landing, port of entry, Va. Amount of
shipping in 1816, 3/147 tons.
FOR
Fan. See Bancock.
Fondi, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on the
Garigliano. It is built on the Via Appia, which
remains here in its original state. Pop. 5,000. 40
m. W. Capua, 56 E. Rome.
Fondo. See Castel-Pfund.
Fond du Lac, or St. Louis, r. N. W. Territory,
which falls into the S. W. end of lake Superior.
It affords the most considerable communication
between lake Superior and the Mississippi.
Fong-yang, a city of China, of the first rank,
in Kiang-nan, on a mountain, near the Yellow
river, 340 m. S. Pekin. Lon. 117° E. Lat. 32®
52' N.
Fonia, kingdom, of W. Africa, on the Gambia.
Fans, t. France, in Lot, 12 m. S. St. Cere. Lon.
2°2'E. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Fonseca Bay. See Amapalla.
Fontainebleau, t. France, 42 m. S. S. E. Paris.
Here is a celebrated royal palace, the general
autumnal residence of the kings of France. In
its neighbourhood is a forest of nearly 30,000
acres. Fontainebleau has given name to several
treaties. Pop. 9,000. Lon. 2° 41' E. Lat. 48®
24' N.
Fontaine VEveque, t. Netherlands, in Hainault,
6 m. W. Charleroi, 25 E. Mons. Lon. 4° 21' E.
Lat. 50° 23' N.
Fontaine Francaise, t. France, 10 m. W. N. W.
Gray.
Fontaine More, t. Piedmont, 20 m. E. S. E.
Aosta.
Fontaine de Vaucluse, v. France, 15 m. E. Avig-
non.
Fontanella, t. Lombardy, in the Bergamasco,
on the Oglio and the Pamenengo, 9 m. N. N. E.
Crema. Pop. 2,000.
Fontarabia, (an. Ocaso,) strong t. Spain, in
Guipuscoa, on the frontiers of Frsnce. It is one
of the keys of the kingdom, and is situated on a
small peninsula, on the Bidassoa, 15 m. S. S. E,
Bayoiine. Lon. 1° 47' W. Lat. 43° 21' N.
Fontenay, v. France, 23 m. S. Auxerre.
Fontenay le Comte, t, France, on the Vendee,
28 m. N. E. La Rochelle. Lon.O° 50' W. Lat. 46°
30' N.
Fontenay, v. Netherlands, in Hainault, 4 m. S.
E. Tour nay.
Fonievrault, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6
m. E. Saumur.
Fooladoo, mountainous district, Africa, near the
sources of the Senegal, between Kaarta, Konko-
doo, Jallonkadoo, and Manding. — See Foulahs and
Foota Jallo.
Foota Jallo, country, W. Africa, situated about
the sources of the Gambia, the Rio Grande, and
the Niger. It is about 350 miles from E. to W.
and 200 from N. to S. The inhabitants are Fou-
lahs. See Foulahs. The principal towns are
Teemboo and Laby.
Foota Torra, country, W. Africa, between the
higher parts of the Senegal and Gambia, and W.
of Bondou. It is occupied by Foulahs.
Forbes'' purchase, a tract of land in Florida, in-
cluding nearly the whole of the country between
the Apalachicola and the^Oke-lock-onne rivers,
and extending S. to the gulf of Mexico. It com-
prehends some of the best lands in Florida.
Forbes'' s Islands, 3 islands off the N. E. coast of
New Holland. Lat. 12° 25' S.
Forcado Rio, r. W. Africa, runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lat. 6° N.
Iff
FOR
Forcalquier, t, France, in Lower Alps, 20 m. S.
W. Sisteron, 34 N. N. Aix. Lon. 5° 55' E. Lat.
43058' N.
Forcheim, t. Franconia, at the conflux of the
Wiesent and Regnitz, 14 m. S. Bamberg, 21 N.
Nuremberg. Pop. 2,300.
Ford, V. Scotland, 10 m. S. E. Edinburgh.
Fords, p-t. Amite co. Mississippi.
Fords, t. and cap. Marion co. Mississippi, on
Pearl river.
Fordingbridge, t. Eng. in Southampton, on the
Avon, 12 m. S. Salisbury. Pop. 2,259.
Fordon, t. Prussian Poland, on tlie Vistula, 7 m.
E. by N. Bromberg.
Fordwich, v. Eng. in Kent, on the Stour, which
is navigable by small vessels. 4 m. N. E. Canter-
bury, 58 E. London.
ForelaTid, North, cape, Eng. forming the N. E.
extremity of Kent. Here is a light-house. Lon.
1° 29' E. Lat. 51° 25' N.
Foreland, South, cape, Eng. on the E. coast of
Kent, between Dover and Deal. Lon. 1° 25' E.
Lat. 51° 12' N.
Forelands, West, North, and East, 3 points, in
Cook's inlet, N. W. coast of America. Lat. 61°
4'N.
Foreland, South, formerly called Point Pelee,
Up. Canada, a point of land, extending into lake
Erie, in Essex co. On the E. side is a good har-
bor.
Forest, isl. Up. Canada, at the mouth of lake
Ontario, separated by a narrow channel from
Grand island, 9 m. S. Fort Frontinac.
Forest, {Black,) or Schwartz-wald, large forest,
in the S. W. part of Germany. It is a mountain-
ous tract, and runs from N. to S. along the right
side of the Rhine, principally in the grand duchy
of Baden.
Foresterton, v. Burlington co. N. J. 15 m. E.
Philadelphia, US. Burlington.
Forest Towns, The, 4 towns, in the Black For-
est, in the grand duchy of Baden. They are
Rheinfelden, Seckingen, Lauffenburg, and Wald-
shut.
Forests, Departments of the, the name until 1014
of a department of the French empire. It now
' rms the chief part of the grand duchy of Lux-
burg, in Netherlands.
Forester''s Island, in the Pacific, 15 m. from the
coast of Prince of Wales's Archipelago. Lon.
226° 38' E. Lat. 54° 50' N.
Foret, Baye de, bav, on the W. coast of France.
Lon. 3° 53' W. Lat. 47° 53' N.
Forfar, or Angus, co. Scotland, bounded N. by
Aberdeen and Kincardine, E. by the German
ocean, S. by the frith of Tay, and W. by Perth co.
It contains 977 sq. miles, or 625,901 acres. The
principal manufacture is linen, of which nearly
1 1 ,000,000 yards are annually exported. Grain,
fisli, and linen, are the chief exports. Pop. in
1811, 107,578; families, 24,750, of which num-
ber 4,980 were engaged in agriculture, and 13,616
in manufactures and trade.
Forfar, t. Scotland, cap. of Forfar co. It is a
royal borough. Pop. 4,151. 14 m. N. Dundee,
54 N. Edinburgh.
Forges les Eaux, t. Normandy, 8 m. E. Rouen.
Lon. 1° 30' E. Lat. 49° 38' N.
Forio, t. Naples, in the island of Ischia. Pop.
7,300.
Fork, p-v. Richland co. S. C.
Forked-deer, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Mississippi, between Obrian and Hatchy rivers.
FOR
261
Fork Shoals, p-v. Greenville co. S. C.
Forli, t. Italy, in the Popedom, at the conflu-
ence of the Ronco and the Montone. It is the
see of a bishop, and is surrounded by walls. It
was entered in 1797 by the French. 14 m. S. S.
W. Ravenna, 33 S. E. Bologna. Lon. 12° 1' E.
Lat. 440 13' N. Pop. 15,520.
Forlimpopoli, t. Italy, in the Popedom, in Ro-
magna, between Forli and Cesena, 3 m. N. Ber-
tinero. Pop. 5,800.
Formby, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. fr. Liver-
pool.
Formentera, (?in. Pithyusa Minor,) the second
of the Pithyusa islands, separated from Ivica, by
a channel 4 miles wide. It belongs to Spain. Lon.
1° 23' 20" E. Lat. 38° 37' 6" N.
Formenton, Cape, the N, E. point of Majorca.
Lon. 3° 13' E. Lat. 39° 57' N.
Formery, t. France, in Oise, 24 m. N. W. Beau-
vais.
Formiche, small islands in the Tuscan sea. Lon.
10° 25' E. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Formigny, t. France, 25 m. N. W. Caen.
Formosa, Bay, on the E. coast of Africa. Lat.
2° 45' S.
Formosa, Cape, Malacca, 30 m. S. E. Malacca.
Formosa, Rio, r. W. Africa, which runs into the
gulf of Benin. According to Rechard's theory,
it is the termination of the Niger. Lon. 4° 20' E.
Lat. 5° 40' N.
Formosa, called also Warang, isl. W. Africa, in
the Archipelago of the Bissagos, 30 miles long, 18
broad. It is fertile, but wants water. Lon. 16®
10' W. Lat. 11° 30' N.
Formosa, isl. in the Chinese sea, separated from
Fo-kien, in China, by a strait about 60 miles
wide. It is 240 miles long from N. to S. and 60
broad, in the widest part. The air is pure and
wholesome, and the soil fertile, producing corn,
rice, tobacco, sugar, pepper, &c. Lon. 120° to
122° E. Lat. 22° 5' to 2-5° 20' N.
Foronovo, v. Parma, on the Taro, 8 m. W. S. W.
Parma.
Forres, t. Scotland, in Moray co. It is a royal
borough. Pop. 2,925. 12 m. W. Elgin, 212 N.
Edinburgh.
Forsta, t. Lower Lusatia, on the Neisse, 54 m.
N. N. E. Dresden.
Forsters Harbor, bay, in Pludson's strait. Lon.
730 30' W. Lat. 62° 18' N.
Fort Adams. See Loftus heights.
Fort Amanda, fort, Allen co. Ohio, on a branch
of the Auglaize, 49 m. N. E. Greenville, 129 N.
Cincinnati.
Fort Anne, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on lake
George, 10 m. N. Sandyhill, 60 N. Albany. Pop.
3, 100. The village is on Wood creek, at the head
of navigation, and contains about 40 houses. At
this spot, stood Fort Ann, often mentioned in the
history of American Wars.
Fort Armstrong, military post, U. S. on Rock
island, at the foot of rapids, in the Mississippi,
2 miles above the mouth of Rock river, 400
m. above St. Louis. In its neighbourhood are
a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox
tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished with
horses and fire-arms.
'Fort Augustus, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, at
the.extremity of Lochness ; now dismantled. 32
m. S. W. Inverness, 144 N. Edinburgh.
Fort Brown, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 16 m. S.
Fort Defiance.
Fort Carlos, fort, on an island between the gulf
262
FOR
F O H
of Venezuela, and lake Maracaybo, 20 m. ]N.
Maracaybo.
Fort Charlotte. See Lerwick.
Fort Chippewyan, N. A. on Athapescow lake.
Lon. 110° W. Lat. 58°N,
Fort Churchill, fort, and settlement, on the W.
coast of Hudson's bay. Lon. 95° W. Lat. 58^ 50' N.
Fort Clairbornc, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on
the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of schoon-
er navigation, 60 m. above its junction with tlie
Tombigbee, 25 E. St. Stephens.
Fort Clarke, fort, Illinois, on the W. side of Illi-
nois river. Lat. 40° 40' N.
Fort Covington, p-t Franklin co. N. Y. on St.
Lawrence river, at the mouth of Salmon creek,
235 m. N. Albany. The village of French mills
stands on the creek, at the head of navigation.
Fort Cranford. See Prairie du Chien.
Fort Crevecoeur, fort, on the coast of Florida.
Lon. 85° 30' W. Lat. 29° 51' N.
Fort Culonge, fort. Lower Canada, on the Ot-
tawa river, 170 m. W. Montreal.
Fort Dauphin, fort, on the S. E. coast of Mada-
gascar. Lon. 47° E. Lat. 25° S.
Fort Dearborn, military post of the U. S. on the
S. side of Chicago river, i a mile from its en-
trance into lake Michigan, 20 m. from the S. end
of the lake, 220 from Fort Howard. Lat. 41°
53' 11" N. It is on a tract of land, 6 miles square,
relinquished by the Pottawattamy Indians to the
U. S. Besides the garrison and other persons in the
employment of the Government, there are here a
few families of French, intennarried with Indians.
Fort Defiance, fort, Williams co. Ohio, at the
junction of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, 50
m. S. W. Fort Meigs, 16 N. Fort Brown.
Fort Defiance, p-v. Wilkes co. N. C.
Fort Dummer. See Hinsdale.
Fort Edxrard, p-v. in Argyle, Washington co.
N. Y. on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m.
from lake George, 22 from lake Champlain, 50
m. N. Albany. It is the depot for the lumber
which is rafted down the river. The New York
Northern canal from lake Champlain, opens into
the Hudson at this place, through a lock. — The
fort is now demolished. In the American wars, it
was an important military station, controlling the
communication between the Hudson, lake Cham-
plain, and lake George.
Fort Erie. See Erie.
Fort Ferret, fort, Ohio, on Sandusky ri%'er, 40
m. S. Fort Stephenson.
Fort de Fuentes, fort, Italy, at the point where
the Adda enters the lake of Como.
Fort Gaines, fort, Geo. on the E. side of Chata-
hoochee river, between lat. 31° and 32° N.
Fort George, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, on the
S. side of Moray frith, 12 m. N. E. Inverness, 165
N. Edinburgh. Lat 57° 32' N.
Fort George, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln
CO. Up. Canada, on Niagara river, ^ a mile from
its mouth. The village contained, before the late
war, a council-house, court-house, and jail, and
2 churches. The bank of the river, at the site of
the fort, is 34 feet high.
Fort George, v. in Caldwell, Warren co. N. Y.
at the S. end of lake George, 59 m. N. Albany.
The ruins of the old fort are still to be seen. It
was built of stone, and stood near Fort Wil-
liam-Henry.
Fort Gratiot, military post, Michigan territory,
on St. Clair river, which defends the entrance
into lake Huron. It stands a little below the
mouth of the lake. Opposite the fort, and for a
mile below, there is a strong current in the river.
Fort Harmar. See Marietta.
Fort Harrison, p-t and cap. Sullivan co. In-
diana, on the E. side of the Wabash, 65 m. above
Vincemies.
Fort Hawkins, p-t. Jones co. Geo. on the E.
side of Oakmulgee river, 30 m. W. Milledge-
ville.
Fort Howard, a military post of the U. S. in
Green bay settlement, Michigan Territory, at the
mouth of Fox river, 184 m. S. W. Mackinaw, 220
N. Chicago, 386 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to
Prairie du Chien. The present fort is on a low
sandy spot, on the N. side of Fox river, i a mile
from its mouth ; but a new stone fort is now con-
structing, on a beautiful rising ground, on the S.
side of the ri^ sr, 3 miles above the old fort. The
number of the garrison is 600.
Fort Independence, fort, on Castle island, in
Boston harbor.
Fort Jackson, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, in the
forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers.
Fort James, fort, Geo. on the W. side of the
Alatamaha.
Fort Jefferson, v. Dark co. Ohio, 5 m. S. Green-
ville.
Fort Jennings, fort, Ohio, 18 m. S. Fort A-
manda.
Fort Knox, fort, Indiana, on White river.-
Fort Lawrence, fort, Geo. on the W. side of
Flint river, 31 m. S. W. Fort Hawkins.
Fort Ligonier, fort. Pa. 50 m. E. Pittsburg.
Fort Loramie, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of
the Great Miami.
Fort Louis, or Fort Vauhan, an important bar-
rier fortress in the N. E. part of France, on an
island formed by the Rhine, 12 m. E. Haguenau,
18 N. N. E. Strasburg.
Fort Macarthur, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 24 m. N.
Urbanna.
Fort Mackintosh, fort, Pa. on the Ohio, 25 m. N.
W. Pittsburgh.
Fort Maiden. See Amherstburg.
Fort Massac, fort, Randolph co. Illinois, on the
Ohio, 38 m. fr. the Mississippi.
Fort Meigs, p-t. Wood co. Ohio, on the S. E.
bank of the Maumee, a few miles from its mouth,
70 m. S. Detroit, 36 N. W. Fort Stephenson. In
1813, the British and Indians laid siege to this
fort, but were obliged to abandon it.
Fort Miller, p-v. in Argyle, Washington co. N.
Y. on the Hudson.
Fort Mitchell. Sec Coweta.
Fort Montgomery, p-t Clarke co. Alabama, 12
m. E. N. E. Fort Stoddert.
Fort Moose, fort, at the S. extremity of James
bay, in Hudson's bay, at the mouth of Moose
river.
Fort Pickering, fort, Tennessee, on the Missis-
sippi, at Chickasaw bluff.
Fort Portage, fort. Upper Canada, on the Otta-
wa river, 120 m. W. Montreal.
Fort Portage, Ohio, 18 m. S. Fort Meigs.
Fort Recover I/, Ohio, on a branch of the Wa-
bash, 23 m. N. Greenville.
Fort Royal, s-p. on the S. coast of Martinioo
island. Lon. 61° W. Lat 14° 34' N. Pop. about
10,000.
Fort Royal, fort, on the W. coast of Martinico
island.
Fort St. Clair, Preble co. Ohio, | of a mile fr
Eaton.
F O S
F O U
263
Fort St. David, t. Hind, on the coast of the Car-
natic, the emporium of the country for fine dimi-
ties and printed cottons. 15 m. S. S. W. Pondi-
cherry, 100 S. S. W. Madras. Lon. 79° 57' E.
Lat. ll°46'N.
Fort St, George. See Madras.
Fort St. Jvan, fort, New Mexico, in New Leon,
on the del Norte. Lon. 101° W. Lat. 29° N.
Fort St. Julian, fort, Portugal, on the N. side of
the Tagus, 9 m. below Lisbon.
Fort St. Mary, Allen co. Ohio, on St. Mary's
river, 12 m. S. Fort Amanda.
Fort St. Mary^s, fort, Louisiana, on the E. side
of the Mississippi, 6 m. S. E. New Orleans.
Fort St. Philip, p-t. and fort, Placquemine co.
Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi, at the
Placquemine bend, 30 m. above the Balize.
Fort St. Stephens, See St. Stephens.
Fort Seneca, Seneca co. Ohio, on Sandusky
river, 18 ra. fr. its mouth.
Fort Stanwix. See Rome.
Fort Stephenson, fort, Ohio, on the W. side of
S^dusky river, 18 m. fr. its mouth.
Fort Stodderi, p-t. and cap. Baldwin co. Alaba-
ma, on the W. side of Mobile river, at the head of
sloop navigation, 44 ra. above its mouth. The set-
tlements around it are numerous and wealthy.
Fort Strotlier, Alabama, on the W. side of Coo-
sa river, 60 m. above Fort Williams, 107 above
Fort Jackson.
Fort Victoria. See Bancot.
Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the junction of St.
IVIary's river with the Maumee, opposite the
mouth of St. Josephs.
Fort William, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, at
the E. extremity of Loch Linnhe ; now disman-
tled. 39 m. N. W. Tyndrum, 128 N. W. Edin-
burgh.
Fort William. See Calcutta.
Fort Williams, Alabama, on the E. side of tlie
Coosa, 57 m. above the junction of the Talla-
poosa.
Fortescue Bay, in the straits of Magellan. Lon.
73°22'W. Lat. 53° 39' S.
Fortcssa, isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 14°
48' S. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Fartcventura, or Fuerteventura, one of the Ca-
nary islands, 50 miles long, and 24 broad. It con-
tains large sandy plains, similar to those in the
neighbouring part of the African continent. In
those spots which are well watered, vegetation is
most luxuriant,andcorn is produced in abundance.
Pop. about 9,000. lon. 14° W. Lat. 28° S.
Forth, r. Scotland, and the largest in Great
Britain, rises in the N. W. part of Stirlingshire,
and runs into the German ocean, by a broad
mouth, called the Frith of Forth, about 20 m. be-
low Edinburgh. The tide flows up between 70
and 80 miles, and it is connected by a navigable
canal with the Clyde.
Fortified Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, off the
coast ol' Canara. Lon. 74° 27' E. Lat. 14° 16' N.
Fortrose, t. Scotland, in Ross co. on the N. side
of the Moray frith, 10 m. N. E. Inverness, 167 N.
Edinburgh. Lon. 4° 5' W. Lat. 57° 34' N.
Fortune, bay, in the S. W. part of Newfound-
land.
Foma, La, t. Sicily, 3 m. S. Messina.
Fos diNovo, t, Sardinian states, 55 m. E. S. E.
Genoa.
Fossa JVuova, v. Italy, on the ruins of the an-
cient .^ppii Forum, 2 m. S. Piperno.
Fossano, i. Piedmont, on the Stura, and on a
canal which unites that river with the Po. Pop.
14,000. 10 m. N. E. Coni, 25 S. Turin.
Fossato, t. Italy, 55 m. W. Ancona.
Fosse au Mortier, lake of France, 11 m. from
Mezieres.
Fosses, t. Netherlands, 7 m. S. W. Namur.
Fossombrone, (an. Forum Sempronii,') t. Italy,
in Urbino, 110 m. N. Rome. Pop. 3,500.
Foster, p-t. Providence co. R. 1. 15 m. W, Prov-
idence. Pop. 2,613. It is watered by several
streams, and has numerous sites for mills and man-
ufactories.
Fostersferry, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Fotheringay, v. Eng. in Northamptonshire, on
the Nen, 10 m. fr. Stamford.
Fotheringay, p-v. Montgomery co. Va.
Foucault, seigniory, Bedibrd co. Lower Canada,,
on Misisque bay.
Fougeray, t. France, 21 m. N. E, Redon. Pop.
4,200.
Fougeres, t. France, on the Couesnow, 25 m. S;
E. Avranches, 28 N. E. Rennes. Pop. 7,300.
^ Fougerolles, t. France, in Mayenne, 17 m. N
W. Mayenne.
Fouin, territory, W. Africa, N. of Ardrah.
Foul Bay, on the S. coast of Java. Lon. 113°
45' E. Lat. 8° 38' S.
Foulkstown, p-t. (>olumbiana co. Ohio.
Foul Point, cape, on the N. coast of New Guin-
ea. Lon. 132° 36' E. Lat. 0° 46' S.
Foula, one of the Shetland inlands, supposed to
be the Ultima Thule of the ancients, 16 m. from
Mainland. Lat. 60° 6' N.
Foulahs, a race of negroes, very widely diffused
throughout W. Africa. Their most powerful
kingdom is Foota Jallo, south of the Gambia ; they
possess also Fooladoo, near the sources of the
Senegal ; Bondou and Foota Torra, between the
Senegal and Gambia; the kingdom of the Seratic,
on the lower part of the Senegal ; Masina, on the
Niger, between Bambarra and Tombuctoo ; and
Wassela, S. of the upper part of the Niger. Be-
sides these kingdoms, in which they hold the en-
tire sovereignty, detached districts of all the king-
doms in this part of Africa, are occupied by Fou-
lahs, who pay to the sovereign a rent or tax for
the use of the land. The Foulahs are of a grace-
ful and manly form, and of a peculiarly polished
and insinuating air. They are Mahometans, but
do not observe the rules of that religion with
strictness. The employment is chiefly pasturage.
They are celebrated for the mildness and gentle-
ness of their demeanour ; so that in many parts ot
A frica, it is considered infamous to injure a Fou-
lah. They are hospitable, humane, and indus-
trious.
Foulis, Wester, v. Scotland, in Perthshire.
Foulness, isl. Eng. on the coast of Essex, 5 ni,
from Rochfort.
Foulsham, v. Eng. 1 1 m. N. Dereham.
Fouhveather, Cape, cape, N. VV, coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 236° 4' W. Lat. 44° 49' N.
Fouras, t. France, near the mouth of the Cha-
rente, 1 1 m. S. la Rochelle.
Fourche a Cado, t. Arkansaw Territory, on a
branch of Wachitta river. It contains about 75
families. Here is a saline, from which the settle-
ments south of Arkansaw river are supplied with
salt.
Fourcorners, p-v. Lincoln co. Maine.
Fourcomers, p-v. Oswego co. N. Y. 14 m. from
Rotterdam.
264
FOX
F R A
Fourcroy'^s Island, small isl. off the S. W. coa^t
of New Holland. Lon. 137° E. Lat. 36° 26' S.
Foure, or Fore, v. Ireland, in Westmeath, 40
m. N. W. Dublin.
Fourmetilieres, t. France, in Mayenne, 3 m. N.
E. Chateau Gontier.
Fourmile branch, p-v. Barnwell co. S. C.
Foiimis, cluster of islands in the Archipelago,
between Samos and Nicaria.
Foumoyer, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of the St. La^vrence, 32 m. E. Quebec.
Fourqne, t. Macedon, 9 m. N. Cassandra, 56 S.
S. E. Saloniki.
Fmisserat, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 6 m.
W, Rieux, 27 S. W. Toulouse.
Fowey, s-p. Eng;. in Cornwall, on the W. bank of
the Fowey. The harbor is spacious and secure.
Pop. 1,319. 22 m. E. N. E. Truro, 59 S. W. Ex-
eter, 239 W. S. W. London.
Fowey, or Foway, r. Eng. in Cornwall, which
rises about 4 miles S. E. Camelford, and runs into
the English channel, a little below the town of
Fowey.
Fouler, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y.
Fowler, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E.
Warren.
Foivler''s Bay, bay, on the S. coast of New Hol-
land, in lon. 132° 27' E. lat. 32° 1' S.
Foxborough, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. W.
Dedham, 26 S. S. W. Boston. Pop. 870.
Fox, Cape, cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 54° 45' N.
Fox creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Schoharie
creek, at Schoharie.
Foxcroft, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 35 m. N. W.
Bangor.
Fox islands, 2 islands in lake Michigan, 57 m.
S. W. Mackinaw.
Fox Islands. See Aleutian Islands.
Fox Islands, small islands on the S. side of the
gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 59° 10' W. Lat.
51° N.
Fox River, r. Canada, which runs into the gulf
of St. Lawrence, 9 m. N. N. W. Cape Rosieres.
Fox river, Illinois. See Dupage.
Fox river, Illinois, falls into the Wabash, 15 m.
above its mouth.
Fox river, a large river, which falls into the S.
W. end of Green Bay, in Michigan Territory.
It is one of the best routes of communication be-
tween the Lakes and the river Mississippi. From
the mouth of the river, for about 20 miles, there
are some obstructions in the navigation, but boats
surmount these, and ascend to the portage, 1 80
miles. The portage between Fox and Ouisconsin
rivers is 1 J miles, over a level prairie, which is
sometimes inundated, and passed in boats. Fox
liver, in its course, expands into many large
lakes ; see Winnebago. In some of these lakes,
avid in many parts of the channel of the river,
wild rice abounds. Several villages of the Win-
nebago Indians are scattered along the banks of
the river. Devil's river enters Fox river, at the
bottom of Ox lake, about 50 miles below the port-
age. As soon as the Indian approaches, in his ca-
noe, within sight of this river, he drops his paddle
and commences speaking till he is opposite the en-
trance, when he strews the water with tobacco,
leathers, and painted hair ; then chauuts a hymn,
and resumes his voyage. The mouth of the river
is 400 yards wide, and 3 fathoms deep. Here is
a fort, (see Fori Howard ;) and a settlement of
whites, (see Green Bay.) The N. fork of Fox
viver, and aiiio the du Loup, one oi its nortncri.
branches, are said to be connected by short porta-
ges, with the rivers of lake Superior.
Foxford, t. Ireland, in Mayo, on tlie Moy, 12 m.
fr. Castlebar.
Foyers. See Fyers.
Foyle, r. Ireland, which, after passing London-
derry, expands into a fine spacious bay called
Lough Foyle.
Foz, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, at the conflux of
the Zatas and the Tagus, 24 m. N. E. Lisbon.
Fraga, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Cinca, 53
m. E. S. E. Saragossa, 30 S. Balbastro.
Fragola, t. Italy, 7 m. N. N. E. Naples. Pop.
12,700.
Frails, rocks, on the S. coast of Ireland, 12 m.
S. W. Carnsore point, Lon. 6° 34' W. Lat,
52° 6' N.
Framingham, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 ra. W.
S. W.Boston. Pop. 1,670.
Framlingham, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 18 m. N. E.
Ipswich.
Frampton, t. Dorchester and Hertford counties,
Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river, 40 m. S.
Quebec.
Franr.aise, La, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne,
11 ra. N. by W. Montauban.
Francarilla, t. Naples, in Otranto, 15 m. E. N. E.
Tarento, 20 W. Brindisi. Pop. 1 1,000.
FrancaviUa, t. Sicily, 12 m. W. N. W. Taor-
mina.
France, country, Europe, bounded N. W. by
the English channel ; N. E. by the Netherlands;
E. by Germany and Switzerland ; S. E. by Italy ;
S. by the Mediterranean and Spain ; and W. by
the bay of Biscay. It lies between 43° and 51°
N. lat. and is particularly fortunate in its frontier,
having strong natural barriers in the Pyrenees,
the Alps, the ridge of Jura, and the Vosges ; it is
open only on the side of the Netherlands. Its
length, from E. to W. is 650 miles ; its breadth,
from N. to S. about 560 ; its superficial extent
about 200,000 sq. miles, or 128,000,000 acres.
Before the revolution, France was divided into
32 provinces. Different provinces had different
rates of taxation, and custom-houses were erect-
ed along the frontier roads, as if they had been
distinct governments. All these are now done
away, local privileges are abrogated, taxes equal-
ized, and the whole country divided into depart-
ments, with similar rights and privileges. Each
department is divided into arrondissements, each
arrondissement into cantons, and each canton into
communes. The number of departments (inclu-
ding Corsica) is 86, of arrondissements, 368, of
cantons, 2,669, of communes, 38,990. The for-
eign possessions of France are, in the W. Indies,
Martinique, Guadaloupe, and Cayenne ; in Afri-
ca, Goree, and the factories at the mouth of the
Senegal ; in the Indian ocean, the isle of Bourbon ;
on the mainland of India, Pondicherry and some
smaller factories.
In regard to climate and soil, France, though
on the whole a favoured country, labours under
many inequalities. The principal productions in
the north are wheat, barley, oats, pulse, and pota-
toes ; in the south, corn, particularly maize, also
vines, mulberries, and olives. The annual pro-
duce of the iron mines is computed at 200,000
tons a year. Coal mines are not wanting, but the
common fuel is wood. Notwithstanding the wars
and civil troubles of the revolution, the popula-
tion has been in a state of progressive increase •
F R A
in 1789, France contained 26,300,000 inhab-
itants; in 1805,27,700,000; and in 1817, above
29,000,000.
The constitution of France, since 1814, resem-
bles in its forms that of Britain, the king being a
limited monarch, and infallible in the eye of the
law, the responsibility for public measures resting
with his ministers. The royal title is king of
France and Navarre ; and females are still exclu-
ded from the succession to the crown. The
French cabinet consists of the keeper of the seals,
the ministers of foreign affairs, of finance, of po-
lice, of war, of the navy and colonies, of the
home department, and the head of the king's
household. I'he royal prerogative is nearly the
same as in England ; but in France, the king ex-
clusively has the right of bringing in bills in par-
liament. The chamber of peers comprises above
200 members, who possess privileges similar to
those of the peerage in England ; their number is
unlimited: the grant of titles is vested in the
king; the dignity hereditary. No clerical digni-
taries have seats in the legislature. The house of
commons, or chamber of deputies, are elected by
the people : the number returned may in some
measure be altered at the will of the king ; at
present it is only 256. The only qualification for
a voter is the payment of 12/. of annual taxes.
For a deputy, the requisites are, that he shall be
of the age of 40, and pay taxes to the amount of
40/. a year. One-fifth oi" the chamber of depu-
ties is re-elected annually, the whole being tlius
changed in five years. There is considerable
freedom of the press in France, with the excep-
tion of the newspapers, which are subjected
to the previous inspection of government .offi-
cers.
The French funds have risen very considerably
since 1815, though they are still greatly below
the price of stocks in England and Holland. The
national debt amounts, after completing the con-
tributions to the allies, to nearly 200 millions
sterling. The annual expenditure is 29,394,000/. ;
of which sum 11,500,000 arc on account of the
national debt, 7,000,000 for the army, and
2,000,000 for the navy. The revenue is
30,380,000/. ; of which about 10,000,000 arises
from a tax on houses and lands, 7,000,000 from a
tax on sales of lands and houses, and only
1,600,000 from customs. — The following compu-
tation of the rent of land and houses in France,
is founded on an official report made to the French
government in 1817. France contains, exclusive
of Corsica, 128,172,992 English acres. Of these,
the following are liable to taxation :
Re7its.
F R A
265
Rents.
Arable land,
Land in underwood,
Meadow land,
Pasture land, -
Vineyards, -
Land in orchards,
Forest land,*
Eng. acres.
55^600^006
12,656,790
8,612,345
8,703,703
4,881,481
886,419
1,135,800
L. 24,007,640
2,938,520
7,390,400
1,812,800
3,442,560
1,071,480
201,520
Total rent of land, - L. 40,864,920
The remainder is either wholly uncultivated, or
so little productive as not to be subject to taxation.
Buildings liablr. to taxation. Rtnts.
Dwelling-houses, small
and great, - - 5,431,000 L.20, 207,720
lis, . . , 76,000 738,000
300,360
Buildings liable to taxation.
Manufacturing establish-
ments, - - 35,000
Churches and other build-
ings not liable to taxa-
tion, - - - 58,000
The French army, which under Bonaparte was
in peace above 400,000, and in war nearly 600,000
effective men, is now on a very different footing :
many of the old soldiers perished in the disastrous
years of 1812, 1813, 1814, and 1815; others re-
ceived their discharge, in consequence of their
attachment to their late commander; and consid-
erable difficulty has been experienced in carrying
the army to a peace establishment of 120,000
men. The total military force, legions, guards,
and artillery, is about 90,000 men. The navy
consists of about 40 ships of the line, and 40 fri-
gates. Brest and Toulon are the great naval
ports, but Rochefort is likewise a station of conse-
quence, as is also Cherburg, since the immense
expenditure on its basins and docks.
The inhabitants of France are Catholics, with
the exception of from two to three millions of
Protestants, and about 60,000 Jews. Before the
revolution, there were 18 archbishops, and 112
bishops: these were subsequently reduced to 9
archbishops, and 4 1 bisliops. It is now in contem-
plation to increase their number. — Before the
revolution, tliere were in France, 23 universities.
The present plan of education embraces a rfegular
gradation of school'--, from universities down to
primary schools. The following is the return
made in 1815, of the public seminaries and num-
ber of pupils throughout France :
Seminaries. Pupils.
Universities, - - - - 26 6,329
Lyc^es, or royal colleges, - 36 9,000
Secondary schools, - - 368 28,000
Divinity schools of the 2d class, 41 5,233
Boarding schools, - - 1,255 39,623
Primary schools, - - 22,300 737,379
Literary associations are very numerous in
France : at the head of these stands the institute
at Paris, divided since 1815 into 4 academies.
The chief commercial harbors of France are
Bourdeaux, Marseilles, Nantes, Havre de Grace,
St. Maloes, and L'Orient. Marseilles trades
partly with the West Indies, more with the Le-
vant ; Bourdeaux with the East and West Indie?,
and with the north of Europe, to a great extent in
wine. Nantes has also a share of the colonial and
wine trade. Havre is the seaport of Paris^ The
other ports are inconsiderable. — In manufactures,
the French have long been noted for the dura-
bility and fineness of their woollens : linen is also
a staple article, particiilarly in the north of
France. In hardware they are greatly deficient ;
but in silk they support, particularly at Lyons,
their former- reputation. The cotton manufac-
tures are of late introduction, and maintain with
difficulty a competition with England. There is
very httle paper mohey in France ; almo'rt all bu-
siness being transacted by gold and silver.
France, Isle of, before the revolution, a province
of France. It comprised Paris, and is now divi-
ded into the departments of the Aisne, Ois e, Seine,
Seine-and-Oise, a nd Seine-and-Marne.
France, Isle of. See Mauriliui.
Frances, QY Port Francis, harbour. Vpner.nplrt,
near Cape Codera.
34
^06
F R A
Francesiown, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on
Contoocook river. 12 m. N. W. Amherst, 20 S.
W. Concord, Pop. 1,451.
Franche Comte, or Upper Burgundy, before the
revolution, a province of France, adjacent to
Switzerland. It now forms the three departments
of the Doubs, Jura, and Upper Saone. Its capital
was Besancon.
Franchimont, t. Netherlands, 13 m. S. E. Liege.
Francis, t. St. Genevieve co. Missouri.
Francis, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of A-
merica. Lai. 48° 44' N.
Francisco Rio, lai-ge r. Brazil, which rises in
Minas Geraes.and after a course of about 800 miles,
falls mto tlie Atlantic in lat. 6° 35' S. forming the
boundary between the provinces of Bahia and Per-
nambuco.
Francois, t. Wa3nie co. Missouri.
Francois, Cape, theN. point ofKerguelen's land.
Francois, Cape, t. on the N. coast of the island
of Hispaniola. It is at the edge of a large plain,
60 miles long and 12 broad. The port is one of
the mostsecure and convenient in the wholeisland.
It was the last town retained by the French in the
island, and surrendered to the blacks in 1803.
It has been since called Cape Henry. Lon. 72°
16' W. Lat. 19" 46' \.
Franconia, one of the 10 circles into which the
German empire was formerly divided, containing
11,000 square miles, and 1,500,000 inhabitants.
It is now divided between Bararia, Wirteraberg,
Baden, the house of Hesse, and the house of Saxe.
Nuremberg is the centre of its manufactures and
its principal city.
Franconia, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 14 m. N. E.
Haverhill. Pop. 348. There are two manufac-
tures of iron in the N. W. part of this town, on a
branch of the Ammonoosuck river. The New-
Hampshire Iron-Factory Company was incorpo-
rated in 1805, and is composed principally of Bos-
ton and Salem gentlemen. Their establishment
is very extensive, consisting of a blast furnace, an
air lurnace, a steel furnace, a forge and a trip-
hammer shop. About 12 or 15 tons of iron are
made in a week. The ore is obtained from a
mountain about 3 miles from the furnace, and is
considered the richest in the United States ; and
the mine is said to be inexhaustible. There is
also a large bed of coal belonging to the company
within a short distance of the works. The other
factory belonging to the Haverhill and Franconia
Company is not so extensive.
Franconia, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. ^oQ.
Franeourville, t. France, 10 m. N. Paris.
• Franeker, i. Netherlands, in Friesland. Pop.
3,900, It has an Athenaeum, or academy for the
education of youth. 9 m. W. Leeuwarden, 5 E.
Harlingen.
Frankenber^, t. Saxony, on the Zschopau, 7 m.
N. N. E. Chemnitz, 9 W. Freyberg. Lon. 12'='
59' E. Lat. 50° 50' N. Pop. 3,000.
Frankenherg, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Eder, 35
m. S. VV. Cassel.
Frankenhausen, t. Geraiany, in Schwartzbui^-
Rudolstadt, 26 m. N. Erfurt. Lon. 11° 10' t.
Lat. 51° 16' N,
Frankenstein, t. Silesia, on the Bautza, 9 m. W.
Munsterburg. Lon. 16° 42' E. Lat. 51° 25' N.
Pop. 4,150.
FravkenthnI, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
12 m. N. W. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,500.
Frankford, t. Sussex co. N. j. bordering on
Newtown. Pop. 1,637.
F R A
Frankford, p-t. Philadelphia co. Fa. on a small
creek, which runs into the Delaware, Ij miles
below; 5 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,233^ It
coutams 2 churches, 1 Episcopal and 1 Lutheran.
The Society oi Frjeiicis have established iu tnis
town their Asylum lor the Insane, and have erec-
ted a spacious and commodious building.
Frankford, p-t. Hampshire co. Va. on a creik
which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. N. W . Rom-
ney, 4 S. of the Potomac.
Frankfort on the jyJaine, a large city of Germa-
ny, and now the permanent seat of the Germ ii.ic
diet, is on both sides of the Maine, 20 m. a'ro 'e its
influx into the Rhine. Pop. 41,300, of whom
about 9,000 are Jews. The Catholics have here
9 churches, the Lutherans 7, the Calyinists 2.
The Jev/s lived formerly in a quarter blocked up
at one end and regularly shut at night, but s:nce
1796 they are at liberty to live in other parts of
the town. Franklbrt is the seat of an extensive
printing business ; but its great distinction is its
commercial activity, aided by the navig-Jition of
the Rhine and Maine, as well as by the 2great fairs
held here annually in springand autumn. :Frank-
fort has long been a free city. Its constitution is a
mixture of democracy and aristocracy, affording
a perfect equality to the different denominations
of Christians. The town possesses an adjacent
territory of 1 10 square miles, with a population of
48,000; its yearly revenue is 80,000 Z. sterling.
20 m. E. N. E. Mentz, 50 S. E. Cologne. Lon. 8°
36' E. Lat. 50° T N.
Frankfort on the Oder, t. Prussia, cap. of thft
Middle Mark of Brandenburg. Pop. 12,000. It
has a university, and three annual fairs. 12 m. S.
S. "Vy. Custrin, 48 E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 33' E.
Lat. 52^ 22' N.
Frankfort, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the W.
side of Penobscot river, at the head of winter nav-
igation, 26 ra. N. Castine, 12 S. Bangor. Pop. 1,493.
Frankfort, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on Mohawk
river. Pop. 1,304.
Frankfort, p-t Franklin co. Ken. and cap. of the
State, is regularly laid out on the E. side of Ken-
tucky river, 60 miles above its confluence with
the Ohio, 22 m. W. N. W. Lexington, 51 E. Louis-
viUe, 102 S. S. VV. Cincinnati. Lon. 84° 40' W.
Lat. 38'^ 15' N. It contains a state-house, 86
feet by 54 ; a court-house, a penitentiary, con-
taining from 70 to 100 convicts ; a jail, a bank, an
academy, a market-house, a theatre, 3 printing
offices, 2 churches, and several rope-walks, and
other manufactories.
The site of the town is a semicircular alluvial
plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table
land in its rear. The river is here about 80 yard?
wide, and after heavy rains, frequently rises 60
feet. Opposite Frankfort, and connected with it
by a bridge, is South Frankfort, which is rapidly
increasing. Steam-boats of 300 tons come up the
river as far as this place, when the water is high,
and most of the foreign goods consumed in Ken-
tucky are landed here, or at Louisville. Pop. in
1810, 1,099; in 1819, estimated at more than
2,000.
Frankfort, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 15 m. E. Cam-
bridge.
Frankland's Islands, off the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lat. 17° 12' S.
Franklin, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, bounded
N. by Canada, E. by Orleans co. S. by Chittenden
CO. and W. bv Lake Champlain. Pop. 16,427-
Chief town, St'.'Mban?.
F R A
Franklin, co. Mass. on both sides of Connecticut
river, bounded N. by Vermont and New-Hamp-
shire, E. by Worcester co. S. by HamiJsliire co.
and VV. by Berkshire co. Fop. 27,201. Chief
4own, Greenfield.
Fra?i}:lin, t Norfolk co. Mass. 8 m. S. W. Ded-
ham, 26 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,398.
Franklin^ p-t. New-London co. Ct. on the W.
side of the Shetucket, adjoining Norwich. Pop.
1,161.
Franklin^ ro, N. Y. bounded N. by Canada, E.
by Clinton and Essex cos. S. by Essex and Ham-
ilton COS. W. by St. Lawrence co. Pop. 2,719.
Chief town, Malone.
Franklin, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus-
quehannah, N. of Delhi, adjoining. Pop. 1,708.
' Franklin, t. Somerset co. N. Y. Pop. 2,539.
Franklin, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,839.
Franklin^ co. Pa. bounded N. by Cumberland
• ;o. E. by Adams co. S. by Maryland, and W. by
Bedford and Mifflin cos. Pop. 23,083. Chief
town, Chambersburg.
Franklin, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,78 J.
Franklin, p-t. and cap. Venango co. Pa. at the
junction of French creek with the Alleghany, 25
m. S. E. Meadville, 70 N. Pittsburg. Pop. 159.
Franklin, t. Adams co. Pa.
Franklin, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 706,
Franklin, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 571.
Franklin, t. F'ayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,623.
Franklin, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,943.
Franklin college. See Lancaster, Pa.
Franklin, t. VS'^estmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,542.
Franklin, co. Va. inclosed by Bedford, Pittsyl-
vania, Henry, Patrick, Montgomery, and Bote-
tourt counties. Pop. 10,724. Slaves, 2,672.
Chief town. Rocky Mount.
Franklin, p-t. Pendleton co. Va. on the Si branch
of the Potomac, 40 m. S. W. Moorfields.
Franklin, t. Russcl co. Va.
Franklin, co. N. C. inclosed by Greenville,
Johnston, Warren, Wake, and Orange counties.
Pop. 10,166. Slaves, 5,330. Chief town, Lew-
isburg.
Franklin, co. Geo. in the Western district, boun-
ded N. E. by Tuguloo river, which separates it
from S. Carolina, N. W. by the Cherokee line,
H. W. by Jackson co. and S. E. by Elbert co. Pop.
10,815. Slaves, 1,659. Chief town, Carnes-
ville.
Franklin, co. Alabama, on the S. side of
Tennessee river. At tlie court-house is a post-
oifice.
Franklin, co. Mississippi, on Hotnochito river.
Pop. in 1816, 2,708. Slaves, 1,013.
Franklin^ t. St. Mary's parish, Louisiana, 150
m. from New-OrleanSi
Franklin, p-t. Attakapas co. Louisiana.
Franklin, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 5,730.
Slaves, 709. Chief town, Winchester.
Franklin, p-t. and cap. Williamson co.Ten. 17
in. S. Nashville.
Franklin, co. Ken. Pop. 8,013. Slaves, l,20h
Chief town, Frankfort.
Franklin, t. Simpson co. Ken.
Franklin, co. Ohio, on the Scioto. Pop. in
1819, 9,350. Chief town, Columbus.
Franklin, i. Franklin co. Ohio, on Scioto river^
7 m. W. Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 905.
Franklin, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on Miami
river, 10 m. N, W. Lebanon, 34 N, by E. Cin-
cinnati
F il E
267
Franklin, t. Portage co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Ravenna-
Pop. 230.
Franklin, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Franklin, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 8 va
S. Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 325.
Franklin, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
350.
Franklin, cb. Indiana, on White river, border-
ing on Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 7,970. Chief town,
Brookville.
Franklin, co. Illinois, between Gallatin and
Jackson counties. Pop. in 1818, 604.
Franklin, co. Missouri.
Franklin, p-t. and cap. Howard co. Missouri, oii
the N. side of Missouri river, 160 m, above St.
Louis. It contains 150 houses.
Franklin creek. See Ticin creek.
Franklinton, p-1. and cap. Franklin co. Ohio^ on
the VV. bank of the Scioto, 1 m. W. Columbus,
It contains a court-house and jail, and about 70
dwelling-houses.
Franks, t. Huntingddn co. Pa. Pop. 1,114.
Fronkstadl, t. Moravia, 4 m. S. Freyberg.
Franktown, p-v. Northampton co. Va.
Franquemont, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the
Doubs, 16 m. N. Neufchatel.
Franzburg, t. Pomeranian 14 m. S. S. W. StraU
sund. Lon. 12° 56' E. Lat. 54° 10' N. Pop.
500.
Fraresau, v. Missouri, on the road between St.
Charles and St. Louis, inhabited by French peo-
ple.
Frascati, t. Ecclesiastical state, in Campagna di
Roma, near the ancient Tusculum. It is the see
of a bishop. 10 m. S E. Rome. Lon. 12° 41'
E. Lat. 41° 48' N. Pop. 9,000.
Frasershiirgh, s-p. Scotland, in Aberdeen co*
17 m. N. Peterhead, 149 N. Edinburgh. Pop,
IjOOO.
Frasnes, v. Netherlands^ N. W. of Fleurusi
Fratelii, 2 small islands in the Mediterraneani
Lon. 26° 22' E. Lat. 35° 4.5' N.
Frutta, t. Italy, in the Popedonl, 32 m; S. Ur-
bino.
Fratta, La, t. Venetian territory, on the Scorta,
6 m. S. W. Rovigo. Pop. 6,300.
Fratta Mag^iore, t. Neapolitan territory, near
the capital. Poj>: 8,500.
Fraubnmnen, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. Berne.
Frauenherg, t. Bohemia, 5 m. S. W. Hayd.
Frauenijnrg, t. E. Prussia, on the JYische Haff,
16 m. N. E. Elbing. Lon. 19° 40' E. Lat. 54°
21' N.
Frauenfcld; t. Switzerland, capital of Thurgau.;
14 m. S. W. Constance, 20 N. E. Zurich.
Frauenstcin; t. Saxony, 17 m. S. S. E. Dresden.
Frauenworth. See Chiein, Lake of.
Fraustadlj t. Prussian states, in the ijrand duchy
of Posen, 20 m. N. E. Glogau, 70 N. N. W. Bres-
lau. Pop. 5,600.
Freckeiihorst, v. Prussian Westphaliaj 20 m. E»
Munster.
Frederic Henry'' s Hay, bay on the W; coast of
Bruny's island. Lat. 43° 10' S.
Frederica, p-t. Kent co. Del. at the forks of
Motherkill, a branch of Delaware river, 7 m. from
Milford, 12 E.Dover.
Frederica, p-t. St. Simon's island^ Glynn fco;
Geo. See St. Simon'' s island.
Fredtricia, t. Denmark, in Jutland, on the Lit-
tle Belt, with a custom-house, where all vessel3
Eissing the Belt pay a toll. 5 m. N. Middlefafthi
on, 9° 44' E.. Lat. 55° 35' N. Pop. 3,500;
268
F R E
Frederick, N. Y. See Kent.
Frederick, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 828.
Frederick, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsylvania,
E. by Baltimore and Montgomery cos. S. \V. by
the Potomac, and N. W.hy Washington co. Pop.
34,437. Slaves, 5,171. Chief town, Frederick-
lown.
Frederick, t. Cecil co. Md. on the Sassafras, op-
opposite Georgetown, 19 m. N. E. Chestertown.
Fredenck, co. \'a. inclosed by Jefferson, Berk-
ley, Hampshire, Shenandoah counties, and She-
nandoah river, which separates it from Faquier
CO. Pop. 22,574. Slaves, 6,417. Chief town,
Winchester.
Frederick Hendrick, fort, Netherlands, on the
Scheldt, 14 m. N. W. Antwerp.
Frederick House, a trading station in Uppei-
Canada, near the head waters of Ottawa river.
Lon. 82° W. Lat. 48° 30' N.
Fredericksburg, t. Lenox co. Up. Canada, on the
bay of Quinte, W. of Ernestown.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Spotsylvania co. Va. and
one of the most flourishing commercial towns in
the State, is regularly laid out, on the S. W. bank
of Rappahannock river, 110 miles from its mouth,
57 m. S. W. Washington city, 66 N. Richmond.
Lon. 77° 33' W. Lat. 38° 18' N. It contains a
court-house, jail, academy, 2 banire, and 4 houses
of public worship. It is advantageously situated
for trade, near the head of navigation on the Rap-
pahannock, in the midst of a fertile and well cul-
tivated country. Vessels of 130 or 140 tons, as-
cend as far as this place, and large quantities of
corn, flour, tobacco, and other produce, are
brought from the surrounding country lor export-
ation. I'he annual value of the exports has been
"estimated at $4,000,000. It has rapidly increased
within a few years. Pop. in 1812, 2,500, and iu
1817,3,255.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Gallatin co. Ken.
Fredericksburg, t. Washington co, fudiaoa, on
Big blue river, 20 m. N. W. Corydon.
Frederickshall, t. Norway, on tiie frontier of
Sweden, in the immediate vicinity of the steep
and almost impregnable fortress of Fredericksteen.
52 m. S. S. E. Christiana. Lon. 1 1° 3' E. Lat. 59°
4'N. Pop. 3,900.
Fredcrickshohn. See Ckrisficnsmid.
Frederickstadt, t. Denmark, at the confluence of
the Treen and Eyder, 18 m. W. S. W. Sleswick.
Lon. 9° 1 1' E. Lat. 54° 28' N.
Frederickstadt, t. Norway, in Ag^erhuus, at the
mouth of the Glommen, 43 m. S. Christiana. Lon.
11° 1' E. Lat. 59° 2' N.
Fredericksund, s-p. Denmark, in the island of
Zealand, 19 m. N. W. Copenhagen.
Frederickswerk, s-p. Denmark, in a bay on the
N. coast of Zealand.
• Frederickton, formerly St. Anne, t. York co. and
capital of Nev.'-Brunswick, at the head of sloop
navigation, on St. John's river, 80 miles from its
mouth. Pop. 500. It is situated on a plain, and is
regularly laid out in spacious streets, crossing each
other at right angles. The public buildings are a
market-house, a Methodist chapel, a Baptist
meeting-house, and an elegant jjrovince-hall, for
the accommodation of the General Assembly and
Ihe courts of justice.
Fredericktown, p-t. Washington co. Pa.
Fredericklown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Fredericktown, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, 7 m. N.
Mount Vernon, 40 N. E. Columbus.
Frcdericktoxvn, p-t. and cap. Frederick co. Md.
F R E
on a branch of Monocasy creek, 43 m. N. N. W.
Washington, 42 W. Baltimore. Lat. 39° 24' N.
It is regularly laid out, and contains an elegant
court-house, a jail, bank, brick market-house,
academy, and 7 houses of public worship. Pop.
about 5,000. It is a very flourishing town, and
has considerable trade with the back country.
Fredonia, formerly Canadaway, p-v. in Pom-
fret, Chataugue co. N. Y. on Canadaway
creek, 4 miles from its moutli. The village is
built on each side of the creek. The road from
Buflalo to Erie, passes through it, and renders it a
great thoroughfare. It is 45 m. from Buffalo, and
45 from Erie. A newspaper is published here.
Freedom, p-t. Kennebec co. Mciine, 28 m. N. E.
Augusta. Pop. 354.
Freedom, p-t. Baltimore co. Md.
Freehold. See Durham, K. Y.
Freehold, or Monmouth, p-t. and cap. Monmouth
CO. N. J. 15 m. W. Shrewsbury, 20 S. E. NeW-
Brunswick. Pop. 4,784. Here is an academy.
In this town was fought the battle of Monmouth,
June 28th, 1778.
Freehold, Upper, t. Monmouth co. (N. J.) W. of
Freehold. Pop. 3,843.
Freeman, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 38 m. N. W.
Norridgewock. Pop. 237.
Freeport, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, at the
head of Casco bay, 20 m. N. E. Portland, 134 N.
by E.Boston. Pop. 2,184.
Freeport, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa.
Freeport, p-t. Harrison co. Ohio.
Freeren, t. Prussian Westphalia, 28 m. N. W.
Osnabruck. Lon. 6° 31' 16" E. Lat. 52° 29' 33" N.
Freetown, the principal settlement in the Brit-
ish colony of Sierra Leone, in West Africa. It is
on the S. sideof Sierra Leone river, near its mouth,
and contained in 1818, exclusive of the military,
4,430 inhabitants, of which number 88 were Eu-
ropeans. See Sierra Leone.
Freetown, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. on the K. side of
Taunton river, 9 m. S. E. Taunton, 40 S. Boston.
Pop. 1,878.
Freewill Islands, three small islands in the E.
Indian ocean, called by the natives Pegan, Onata,
and Onella. ' Lon. 137° 51' E. Lat. 0° 50' S.
Fregolo, v. Piedmont, near Alessandria.
Frehel, Cape, cape on the N. coast, of France,
12 m. W. St. Malo. Lon. 2° 18' 36" W. Lat. 48°
41' 10'' N.
Freisingen. See Freysingen,
Frejus, t. France, on the Argens. Here Bona-
parte landed on his celebrated return from Elba
in 1815. 30 m. S. W. Nice, 40 N. E. Toulon.
Lon. 6° 44' 28" E. Lat. 43° 25' 52" N. Pop.
2,2(jO.
Fremona, the remains of a convent, in Abyssin-
ia, 50 m. N. E. Sire.
Frenay, t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m. N. W. Ma-
mers. Lon. 0° 6' E. Lat. 48° 17' N.
French broad river, one of the sources of
Tennessee river. It rises in S. Carolina, and
crossing the western part of N. Carolina, enters
Tennessee through a breach in the mountain, and
joins the Holston, 11 miles above Knoxville. 25
miles from its mouth it receives the Nolachucky,
and 6 miles above. Big Pigeon river. It is naviga-
ble for boats nearly the whole of its course in Ten-
nessee. About 30 miles from its mouth is a large
medicinal Warm Spring.
Frejich creek, r. Chester co. Pa. which flows into
the Schuylkill.
French creek, r. Pa. which runs into the AUegha*
F R E
F R I
269
ny, 80 m. N. by E. Pittsburg. It was the usual
French route from Quebec to the Ohio. See
Boeuf, Le.
Fremh creek^ t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 183.
French creek, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 419.
Frenchman's hay, bay in the coast of Lincoln co.
Maine, lying between Mount Desert Island and
the peninsula of Goldsborough. Lon. 68° W.
Lat. 44° 20' N. It communicates with Blue-hill
bay. Shipping in 1816, 5,812 tons.
French mills. See Fort Covington.
French river, v. in Upper Canada, which rises
in Lake Nepising, and after a course of 75 miles,
enters Lake Huron, in lat. 45° 53' N. It has a
communication with the Ottawa river by short
portages,
French, or Stony river, r. which rises in Mas-
sachusetts, and joins the Quinebaug in Thomp-
.^•on, Ct.
Frcnchton, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va.
Frenchtown, landing, Cecil co. Md. on the E.
-ide of Elk river, 1 m. S. Elkton.
Frenchtown,^-X.. Monroe co. Michigan Territory.
French village, v. Illinois, 5 m. E. St. Louis.
Freneuse, lake, New-Brunswick, through which
:3t. John's river passes.
Fresca, Capo del, cape on the W. coast of Sar-
Oinia. Lon. 8-^ 28' E. Lat, 39*^ 45' N,
Frescati. See Frascati.
Freshford, i. Ireland, 7 m. S. W. Kilkenny.
Freshimter, r. Wales, which runs into the sea,
6 m. S. E. Pembroke haven. Lat. 51° 42' N.
Fresnay, t. France, on the Sarthe, 22 m. N. by
W. Le Mans.
Fresneda, La, t, Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. S. S.
E, Alcaniz.
Fresnillo, t. Mexico, 30 m, N. W, Zacatecas.
Lon. 101° 58' W. Lat. 23° 22' N.
Fresnoy, Baye de, bay on the N. coast of France.
Lon.2oi'W.Lat.48^36'N.
Freswick, r. Scotland, which runs into the sea
iiear Wick.
Fretteval, t. France, on the Loire, 6 m. N. E.
Vendome.
Freudenbcrg, t. Prussian territories of the Low-
er Rhine, 9 m. W, N. W. Siegen.
Freudenstadl, t. Wirtemberg, in the Black For-
est, 24 m. E. S. E. Strasburg.
Fteudenthal, t. Austrian Silesia, 17m.W, Trop-
pau. Lon. 17° 21' E. Lat. 49'= 50' N.
Freyberg, a celebrated mining town of Saxony,
the capital of the Erzgebirg. The mine officers
here have the superintendance of all similar es-
tablishments throughout the kingdom. A mining
academy was founded in 1765, and has been made
illustrious by the names of Werner, Charpentier,
Lampe, and others. There are attached to it a
library, a cabinet of minerals, and a collection of
models. The whole of the neighbouring district
is full of mines of copper, tin, silver, and lead.
Those in a state of activity amount to 250, employ-
ing about 5000 workmen. 18 m. S. S. W. Meis-
sen, 19 W. S. W. Dresden, Pop, 8,737,
Freyberg, or Przibor, t, Moravia, 36 m. E,
Olmutz. Lon, 18° 15' E. Lat, 49° 34' N. Pop.
3,500,
Freyburg, or Friburg, t. Baden, at the foot of a
mountain, at the entrance of the Black Forest,
34 m, S, S, E, Strasburg, 30 N. N, E. Bale. Lon.
7° 54' E. Lat. 48° 2' N. Pop, 7,916, It is the
neat of a university, which has 300 students.
Freyburs, t, Silesia, 7 m. W, Schweidnitz. Lon.
.16«>]6'E/Lat.5ic 14' N-
Freyburg, t, Prussian states, in Thuringia, 16
m. S, Halle,
Freye Aemter, a district of Switzerland, on
the W. side of the Reuss, formerly divided between
several cantons, now united to the canton of Aar-
g-au. Pop. 20,000.
Freyenstadt, t. Bavaria, 20 m. S, E, Nuremberg,
31 N.'W, Ratisbon, Lon, 11° 15' E, Lat. 49°
9'N.
Freyenwald, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Oder. 32 m, N, E. Berlin, Lon, 14° 10'
E. Lat, 52° 49' 31" N,
Freysingen, t. Bavaria, once the capital of an
independent bishopric, on the Iser, 17 m. N. N.
E. Munich, Pop, 3,500,
Freystadf, t, Silesia, in Glogau, 24 m, W,N, W.
Gross Glogau. Lou. 15° 31' 45" E. Lat. 51° 52'
15" N.
Frei/stadt, t. Upper Austria, It has a great trade
in salt with Bohemia, 13 m. N, Enns, 82 W. Vi-
enna, Lon. 14° 25' E, Lat, 48° 30' N.
Frias, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 20 m. N. N. E.
Burgos.
Fribourg, a canton of Switzerland, between the
canton of Berne, and the Pays de Vaud. Extent
2,836 square miles. Pop, 68,000. Fribourg, the
capital, is on the Sane, in a singularly wild and
romantic position, part being built on the summit
of rugged rocks, and part in a plain. 16 m. S. W.
Berne, 27 N. E. Lausanne. Lon. 7° 9' E. Lat,
46°48'N. Pop, 6,500,
Fribus, t. Bohemia, in EInbogen, 9 m, W. Jo-
achimsthal,
Fricenti, t, Naples, 12 m, N. W, Conza, 18 S, E.
Benevento. Lon. 15° 2' E, Lat. 40° 59' N.
Frickthal, district of Switzerland, in the cantoQ
of Aargau, on the S, side of the Rhine, extending
from Augst to Botsberg, Pop, 20,000,
Friedbers:, t, Bavaria, 4 m. S. E. Augsburg, 25S
W. N. W. Munich, Pop. 3,200.
Friedberg, t. Prussian states, 25 m, S, E. Gor-
litz, Lon, 15° 27' E. Lat. 50° 52' N.
Friedberg, t. Austrian Silesia, 45 m, N. W.
Troppau, Lon, 16° 15' E, Lat. 50° 5' N.
Friedbnrg, t. Hanover, in Bremen, on the Elbe,
37 m, N, W. Hamburg.
Friedeberg, t. New Mark of Brandenburg. Pop.
2,350, 45 m. N. E, Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Lon.
15° 40' E, Lat, 52° 56' N,
Friedeberg, Hohen, t, Silesia, 5 m. S. W. Strie-
gau.
Friedek, t. Austrian Silesia, 10 m. S. W. Tesch-
en. Pop. 2,300. Lon. 18° 28' E, Lat 49° 52' N.
Friederick's Fiord, bay, W. Greenland. Lon.
48° 20' W. Lat. 62° 12' N.
Friedland, t. E. Prussia, in the circle of Konigs-
berg, on the Alle, famous for the battle gained by
Bonaparte over the Russians and Prussians, on
the 14th of June, 1807, which led to the peace of
Tilsit. The loss of the allies was 20,000 men.
Lon. 21° 1' E, Lat. 54° 26' N.
Friedland, (Markish,) t. grand duchy of Posen.
Lon. 17° 5' 56" E, Lat. 53° 20' 18" N.
Friedland, t. Mecklenburg, 14 m. N. E, New
Brandenburg, Lon, 1.3° 30' E, Lat, 53° 39' N.
Friedland, t. Upper Silesia, 20 m. S. W. Oppeln.
Lon. 17° 30' E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Friedlingen, t. Baden, near the Rhine, between
Huningen and Basle.
Friedricksfelde, v. Middle Markof Brandenber^,
4 m. from Berlin.
Friedricksham,% Russia, in Finland, on a pen-
insirla in the gulf of Finland. The harbour i?
270
F R I
F U C
at Rotschensalm, at the mouth of the Kymmena,
about 10 m. below the town. It is naturally
strong, is well fortified, and is the station of part of
the Russian fleet. 53 m. W. by S. Wyborg, 108
W. S. W. Petersburg. Lon. 28° 18' E. Lat. 60°
36' N.
Friedricksort, fort, Denmark, inHolstein, at the
entrance of the Kieler-Wyk, 6 m. N. by E. Kiel.
Fnedricksrode, t. Upper Sajiony, 9 m. S. Go-
tha.
Friedricks-sund, t. Denmark, in Zealand, 28 m.
N. W. Copenhagen.
Friederickslkat, t. Saxony, 40 m. N. Dresden.
Lon. 13° 31' E. Lat. 31° 31' N.
Friendly Cove, harbour in Nootka Sound, on the
N. W. coast of America.
Friendly Islands, a group of islands in the Pacif-
ic ocean, consisting of more than 130. The fol-
lowing are the most important : Tonga, Tonga-
taboo or Amsterdam, Eooa, Annamooka or Rot-
terdam, the Hapaee islands, Maorga or Howe's
islands, and the Feejee islands. The island of
Tongataboo bears an unrivalled sovereignty over
the whole group, Feejee not excepted. — Yams,
plantains, and cocoa-nuts are the principal pro-
ductions cultivated by the natives. — In the de-
scriptions of those navigators who first visited the
Friendly islands, the natives were represented
as possessing many social qualities, and much
gentleness of character. But the accounts of
subsequent visitors have shewn them capable
of the greatest excesses of cruelty and revenge.
Lon. 184° 46' to 185° 43' E. Lat. 19° 40' to 21°
30' S.
Friendship, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. E. Wis-
casset. Pop. 480.
Friendship, t. Alleghany co. (N. Y.) S. W. of
Angelica.
Friendship, p-t. Anne-Arundel co. Md. 78 m.
fr. Washington.
Friesach, t. Lower Carinthia, on the Metnitz, 6
m. N. E. Gurk.
Friesland, a name which in former ages com-
prised all the country from the Scheldt to the Wa-
ger, including not only the seven united provin-
ces, but a part of G ermany. At present the name
is applied to two distinct territories, called East
and West Friesland, one in Germany, the other
in Netherlands, and separated from each other by
the province of Groniugen. — West Friesland is a
province of the Netherlands, having the Zuyder
Zee on the W. and the German ocean on the N.
It contains nearly 1200 sq. miles, and 176,500 in-
habitants. Like the rest of the Netherlands, it is
secured against the sea by large dykes. The land
is much fitter for pasture than tillage. — The Ger-
man principality, called East Friesland, forms the
N. W. part of the kingdom of Hanover. Its ex-
tent is 1,155 sq. miles. Pop. 120,000. Towards
the sea it is low and swampy, but secured from
inundation by large dykes. It formerly belonged
to Prussia, but in 1814 was ceded to Hanover.
Fringy Bazar, t. Bengal, district of Dacca, on
the Dullasery. Lon. 90° 23' E. Lat. 23° 33' N.
Frio, cape, on the coast of Rio Janeiro, in Bra-
zil. Lon. 41° 36' W. Lat. 23° 3' S.
Frische Haf. See Haf.
Frischhaasen, t. E. Prussia, on the sea coast, 22
m. W. Konigsberg.
Frischling, r. Prussia, which runs into the
Frische Haf
Fritslar, district, Ilesse-Cossel, partly in Low-
er, partly in Upper Hesse. Sq. miles, 131. Pop.
in 1812, 15,328, chiefly Catholics. Fritzlar, the
capital, is on the Edder, 13 ra. S. S. W. Cassel.
Lon. 9° 13' E. Lat. 50° 8' N.
Friuli, formerly an extensive province of Italy,
bounded N. by Carinthia, and S. by the gulf of
Venice. It was divided into Austrian and Vene-
tian. The former containing 2,500 sq. miles, and
about 120,000 inhabitants; and Trieste was the
chief town. Venetian Friuli contained 370,000
inhabitants. Austrian Friuli now constitutes the
circle of Goritz in the kingdom of lUyria ; and
Venetian Friuli, the legation of Udina in the
Lombardy part of the Austrian dominions,
Frobisher's Slrails, narrow sea, which lies N. of
Cape Farewell in West Greenland. Lon. 42*^
W. Lat. 63° N.
Frodingham, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 12 m. N.
Beverley.
Frodsham, t. Eng. in Cheshire, near the conflu-
ence of the Weaver and the Mersey, 10 m. N. E.
Chester.
Frog^s Point, or JVecfc, in West Chester co. N. Y.
on the coast of Long Island sound, 9 m. from Har-
laem Heights.
Fromc, r. Eng. in Dorset, which passes Dor-
chester, and flows into the sea, below Wareham ;
another river of this name, joins the Avon at
Bristol; another runs into the Severn near Berk-
ley, in Gloucestershire.
Frame, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Frome.
It has long been celebrated for the manufacture of
broad cloths and kerseymeres from English and
and Spanish wool, averaging 600,000 yards annu-
ally. Pop. in 1817, 10,133. 13 m. S. Bath.
Fromentieres. See Fourmejitieres.
Fronteira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. N.
Estremos,
Frontera, San Juan de la, t. S. America, on the
frontier, between Chili and the province of Cuyo,
94 m. N. by E. Mendoza. Lon. 68° 36' W. Lat.
31° 17' S.
Frontignan, t. France, famous for the wine cal-
led Frontignac, 12 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Loo.
3° 45' 18" E. Lat. 43° 26' 42' N.
Frontinac, co. Up. Canada, on lake Ontario.
Frontinac, fort. See Kingston, Up. Canada.
Fronton, t. France, 18 m. N.Toulouse.
Frontroyal, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Fronzac, t. France, 25 m. N. E. Bourdeaux.
Froward, Cape, the S. point of the continent of
America, in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 17*^
59' W. Lat. 54° 3' S.
Frozen Ocean, Arctic Ocean, or Icy Sea, lies be-
tween the northern coasts of Europe and Asia,
and the North Pole. It is almost entirely filled
with ice.
Fraitslown, p-t. Lycoming co. Pa.
Frusinone, t. Italy, 56 m. E. by S. Rome.
Frulingen, t. Swiss canton of Berne, with a
castle, 17 m. S. Thun.
Fryeburg, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river,
60 m. N. W. Portland, 120 N. by E. Boston. Lon.
70° 47' 30" W. Lat. 42° 2' N. Pop. 1,004. It
contains an academy.
Fryingpan Shoals, a dangerous shoal, off the
coast of N. C. at the entrance of Cape Fear river,
6 m. fr. Cape Fear pitch, 24 S. E. by S. Baldhead
light-house. Lon. 75° W. Lat. 33° 32' N.
Frysoyta, t. Prussian states, 64 m. N. Munster,
Lon.'7o 46' E. Lat. 52° 17' N.
Fuca, Straits of St. Juande, an inlet on the N
FUN
FUR
271
W. coast of America, between Cape Flattery on
the S. in lat. 48° 20' N. and Quadra's isles on the
N. in lat. 48° 40' N.
Fucecchio, v. Tuscany, 22 m. W. Florence.
Fuego, Fogo, or St. Philips, one of the Cape de
Verde islands, W. of St. Jago. It is chiefly re-
markable for a volcano, which vomits flames and
smoke almost continually; and huge rocks are
sometimes thrown into the air. Lon. 24" 20' W.
Lat. 15°0'rN.
Fuego Terra del. See Terra del Fuego.
Fuente Guinaldo, t. Spain, in Salamanca, 16 m.
N. W. Coria.
Fuente de la Figuera, t. Spain, in Valencia, 56
m. S. E. Valencia. Lon. 4° 4' W, Lat. 38°
35' N.
Fuente de la Piedra, t. Spain, in Grenada, 6 m.
fr. Antequera.
Fuente Rabia. See Fontarabia.
Fuenfes, fort, LombarJy, where the Adda'falls
into the lake of Como, 30 m. N. E. Como. Lon.
9° 24' 59" E. Lat. 46° 8' 29" N.
Fuenles, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ebro, 20
m. S. S. E. Saragossa.
Fuentes d'Onore, t. Spain, 13 m. W. Ciudad
Rodrigo.
Fuerbach, v. Baden, 18 m. S. Friburg;.
Fuerte Rio, r. Mexico, in Sonora, which runs
into the ;^ulf of California.
Fuessen, t. Bavarian states, on the Lech, 47 m.
S. Augsburg. Lon. 70° 43' E. Lat. 47° 34' N.
Fugitiva, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 151°
50' W. Lat. 14° 20' S.
Fuhrfeld, t. Baden, 4 m. S. W. Wimpfen-
Fulda, formerly a bishopric of Germany, con-
taining 81,000 inhabitants. In 1802, it was se-
cularized. In 1814, it was divided, a district con-
taining 27,000 inhabitants being given to Saxe-
Weimar, and the rest to Prussia. Prussia has
subsequently ceded her portion to Hesse-Cassel,
and the lattergovernmonthas given it the title of
the grand duchy of Fulda, with a constitution
different from that of the other Hessian states.
Fulda, t. Hesse-Cassel, cap, of the grand duchy
of Fulda, and the see of a bishop, on the river
Fulda, 43 m. E. Wetzlar, 63 E. N. E. Mentz.
Lon. 9° 44' E. Lat. 50° 34' N. Pop. 7,500.
Fulda, r. Germany, which joins the Werra
near Munden, to form the Weser.
Fulhatn, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames,
4 m. fr. London. Pop. 5,903.
Fullerton, Point, cape, on the W. coast of An-
tigua. Lon. 610 35' W. Lat. 17° 13' N. It is
also the name of a cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.
88° 20' W. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Fullingmills, p-v. Kent co. R. I.
FuUmoon Shoal, shoal off' cape Hatteras, N. C.
having 10 or 12 feet at low water.
Fulneck, t. Moravia, 21 m. N. E. Prerau. Lon.
17° 56' E. Lat. 49° 37' N. Pop. 3,050.
Fulta, t. Bengal, on the E. bank of the Hoogly,
25 m. below Calcutta. Lon. 88° 20' E. Lat. 22°
19' N.
Fulton, p-v. Sumpter co. S. C.
Fumay, t. France, in Arde*mes, on the Meuse,
11m. N. E. Rocroi.
Fumel, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 3 m. N.
Tournois.
Fumone, t. Italy, 4 m. N. W. Alatri.
Funchal, s-p. and cap. of the island of Madeira,
in the centre of a large bay. The trade consists
almost entirely jin exporting wine. It is chiefly
carried on by English njerrliants, wlio reside
here ia great numbers, and form the most opulent
class of the inhabitants. Lon. 17° 6' 15" W. Lat.
32° 37' 40" N.
Fundi, t. Naples, in Lavoro, 42 m. N. W. Na-
ples.
Fundy, Bay of, N. America, between Nov«a
Scotia and ?iew Brunswick. It runs up from S.
W. to N. E. about 200 miles, and approaches with-
in 20 miles of the gulf of St. Lawrence. Near
its head, it divides into two long narrow arms, the
northern called Chignecto channel, and the south-
ern, the basin of Mines. In Chignecto channel,
the tides rise 60 feet.
Funen, a Danish isl. in the Baltic, separated
from Jutland by the narrow passage called the
Little Belt, 35 miles long, and 30 broad. Extent
1,200 sq. miles. Pop. 130,000. It is fertile, and
produces barley, oats, buckwheat, rye, and veget-
ables in abundance.
Funfkirchen, or Pets, t. Hungary, between the
Drave and the Danube, 140 m. W, N. W. Bel-
grade, 175 S. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 45' E. Lat.
46° 5' N. Pop. 11,500.
Funk, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the N. E.
coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 15' W. Lat.
50° N.
Funkstoun, p-t. Washington co. Md.
Fuorli, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 21 m. S. S-
E. Sulmona.
Furca, mt. Switz. 14,000 feet high, in the N. E.
corner of the canton,of the Valais.
Fnmeaux Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
143° 16' W. Lat. 17° 5' S.
Furneaux Islands, in Bass strait, between New
Holland and Van Diemen's land.
Fumes, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 15 m.
S. W. Ostend, 20 N. N. W. Ypres. Lon. 2^ 29'
51" E. Lat. 51° 4' 23" N. Pop. 3,200.
Fnrruckabud, district. Hind, in Agra, between
the Ganges and Jumna, and between 27° and 28*^
N. lat. It is under the dominion of the British. —
Furruckabad, the capital, is a fortified town, about
a mile from the W. bank of the Ganges. It car-
ries on an advantageous trade with Cashmeer and
other parts of India. Lon. 79° 33' E. Lat. 27®
33' N.
Furry'' s Toicn, t. Jamaica, in St. James co. 20
m. N. E. Savannah la Mer.
Furstinberg, formerly a district of Suabia, and
an independent principality, now belonging chief-
ly to the grand duchy of Baden, but partly te>
Wirtemberg, and the house of HohenzoUern-Sig-
maringen. The village of Furstenberg is 14 m.
N. N. W. Schaff-hausen.
Furstenberg, t. Prussian states, on the Oder, 1.?
m. S. Frankfort. Lon. 14° 48' E. Lat. 52° 7' N.
Furstenberg, t. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, on the
Havel, 10 m. S. E. Strelitz, 40 N. Berlin. Lon
13° 14' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Furstenfeld, t. Austrian empire, 68 m. S. Viea-
na. Lon. 15° 37' E. Lat. 47° 5' N.'
Fursteracald, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Spree, 26 m. E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 8' E.
Lat. 52° 22' N. Pop. 2,350.
Furth, t. Bavaria, 4 m. W. Nuremberg, be ■
tween the Rednitz and Pegnitz, which join a little
below the town. It is entirely a manufacturing'
place. Pop. 13,000, of whom 2,700 are Jews.
Furth, t. Bavaria, 86 m. N. N. E. Munich.
Lon. 12° 42' E. Lat. 49° 17' N.
Furuo, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 22° 24
E. Lat, 65° 40' N,
272
G A F
GAL
Furusund, isl. in the Baltic, belonging to Swe-
den. Lon. 18° 45' E. Lat. 59° 46' N.
Fiisagasnga, lars;e r. New Grenada, which runs
into the Magdalena.
Fuscaldo, t. Naples, on the sea coast, 15 ra. N.
W. Cosenza.
Ftise, r. Germany, which falls into the Aller be-
low Zell.
Fusisnano, t. Ecclesiastical States, 10 m. W. N.
W. Ravenna, 28 S. E. Ferrara.
Fusina, t. Venetian territory, 4 m. W. Venice.
Futtehpoor, t. Hind, in Agra, 24 m. fr. Agra.
Lon. no 34' E. Lat. 27° 5' N.
Futwa, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the junction of
the Pompon with the Ganges, 9 m. S. Patna. Lon.
&50 28'E. Lat. 2.5° 30' N.
Fuur Land, isl. Denmark, in the Lynifiord gulf.
Lon. 9° 2' E. Lat. 56° 50' N.
Fyen. See Funen.
Fi/ers, or Foyers, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire,
which falls into Lochness. It is noted for its falls,
one of 70, and the other of 207 feet in perpen-
dicular height.
Fylingdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. froVn
Whitby.
Fi/ne (Lueh), lake, or arm of the sea, in the
county of Argyle, Scotland.
Fyzabad, city. Hind, in Oude, on the S. bank of
the Dewah, or Gogra. Lon. 82° 10' E. Lat.26'^'
46' N.
G.
Gaash, in Sac. Geog. a part of the hills called
Mount Ephraim.
Cabaret, t. France, in Landes, 20 m. W. Con-
dom. Lon. 0° 22' W. Lat. 43*= 59' N.
Gabarous Bay, bay, on the E. coast of the island
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 45° 50' N.
Gabbiano, t. Piedmont, 17 m. W. N. W. Casal.
Gabel, or Gablona, t. Bohemia. It is fortified,
and commands an important pass into Upper Lu-
satia. Pop. 1,950. 49 m. N. Prague. Lon. 14°
54' E. Lat. 50° 44' N.
Gates. See Cubes.
Gabindn. See Cabenda.
Gable End Foreland, cape, on the E. coast of
New Zealand. Lat. 38*^ 15' S.
Gabon, Rio, r. W. Africa, which flows through
a country of the same name, between Benin and
Cape Lopez Gonsalvo, and falls into the Atlantic,
inlat. 0°26'N.
Gabriel, harbor, on the coast of Lapland, about
a league N. of Salensi. Lon. 35° 50' E. Lat. 69°
25' N.
Gadamisy t. N. Africa, surrounded by a terri-
tory of the same name, S. W. from Tripoli, and
N. W. from Fezzan, and forms the channel by
which these countries communicate with Tom-
buctoo. The territory is said to contain 92 villa-
ges.
Gadara, in Sac. Geog. a city of Decapolis, and
the metropolis of Perea, situated on the W. side
of lake Tiberias, opposite the city of Tiberias.
Gade, r. Eng. in Hertfordshire, falls into the
Coin, near Richmaimsvvorth.
Gadebitsch, t. Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, 16 m.
W. N.W^. Schwerin. Lon. 11°14'E. Lat. 53°
45' N.
Gaderslcben. See Gatlersleben.
Gadou, country, W. Africa, having Jallonha-
doo S. Brookod Fooladoo N. and Konkodoo E.
Gaeta, s-p. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, on a
peninsula in the gulf of Gaeta. It is one of the
strongest places in the kingdom. It is a bishop's
see, contains a cathedral, 9 churches, and nearly
15,000 inhabitants. 40 ra. N. W. Naples. Lou.
13° 33' E. Lat. 41° 14' N.
Gafsa, t. in the S. part of Tunis, 140 m. S. P.
W. Tunis.
Gaga, small isl. in the Eastern seas, l)etween
the islands Waygiou and Gilolo. Lon. 126° 40'
E. Lat.O° 18' S.
Gagetown, t Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the W. side of the river St. John.
Gagne, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the
S. side of the St. Lawrence, 33 m. E. Quebec.
Gaidronisi, (i. e. ^sses Island,) small isl. in tiK
Mediterranean, on the S. side of Candia. Lon
25° 45' E. Lat. 34° 48' N.
Gaildorf, I. Wirtemberg, 8 m. S. Hall, in Sua-
bia, 31 E. N. E. Stutgard.
Gaillac, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 21 m. !r
Toulouse.
Gaillon, t. France, in Eure, on the Seine, 26
m. S. E. Rouen. Lon. 1° 19' E. Lat. 49° 8' N.
Gaines, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on laJie Ontario.
30 m. W. Rochester, 18 N. Batavia.
Gaines, p-t. Boone co. Ken.
Gaines cross-roads, p-v. Culpeperco. V:».
Gainsborough, t. Eng, in Lincolnshire. It is o.i
the Trent, which is navigable to this place, for
vessels of considerable burden. It is connected
by canals with Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and other
parts of the kingdom, and is a place of considera-
ble trade. Pop. 5,172. 18 m. N. W. Lincoln,
150 W. N. W. London. Lon. 0° 46' W. Lat. 52°
23' N.
Gainsborough, t, Lincoln co. Up. Canada.
Gainsborough, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Gainsville, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 24 m. S. Bata-
via. It contains a Presbyterian church.
Gaira, r. New Grenada, which falls into the
Atlantic ocean.
Gala Water, r. Scotland, which falls into the
Tweed, 1^ m. below Galashiels.
Galapager, t. Spain, 6 m. E. of the Escurial.
Galashiels, t. Scotland, on the Gala Water, 5
m. S. W. Melrose, 30 S. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,000.
Galaso, r. Naples, whicli falls into the gulf of
Tarento.
Galuta, t. Turkey, on the site of tlie ancicflt
Chalcis.
Galata, one of the suburbs of Constantinople.
See Constantinople.
Gaiatia, in Sac. Geog. part of the country now-
called Natolia, bounded N. by Paphlagonia, S. by
GAL
GAL
273
Lycaonia, E. by Pontus and Cappadocia, and W.
by Phrygia and Bithynia. It was remarkable for
the many colonies of different nation?, which set-
tled in it. Chief town, Ancyra.
Galato7u v. Scotland, in Fifeshire.
Galals, or Galacz, t. Turkey, in J^oldavia, near
the confluence of the Fruth and the Danube. It
is fortified, contains 5,000 inhabitants, and has a
good harbor, which admits large ships up to the
town. It is the centre of trade between Molda-
via and Constantinople. 54 m. W. Ismail, 120
S. S. W. Bender. Lon. 280 24'E. Lat450 24'N.
Gale, r. Ireland, which rises in Kerry, and
uniting- with the Feal, forms the Cashing.
Galen, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the Erie canal.
It contains salt works.
Galcra, the E. point of the island of Trinidad.
Lon. 60° 30' W. Lat. 10° 45' N.
Galeron, t. Celebes, 15 m. fr. Macassar.
Galgon, t. France, in Gironde, 17 m. N. E.
Bourdeaux.
Galieia, an extensive province of the Austrian
empire, formerly a part of Poland, bounded N. by
the kingdom of Poland, E. by Russia, S. by Mol-
davia, Transylvania, and Hungary, and W. by
Austrian Silesia. It lies between 1 8° 35' and 26°
50' E. lon. and 47° 50' and 50° 45' N. lat. Ex-
tent 32,521 sq. miles. Pop. 3,750,000, including
the Bukowine. — The country consists of an im-
mense plain. The climate is temperate, and the
?oil fertile, producing corn in abundance. The
most important mineral is salt, which exists in
almost every hill. Slavery has been abolished by
a late law of the Austrian government. The re-
ligion of the state is the Catholic, but the Greeks
and Lutherans are numerous, and in 1817, there
were 422,000 Jews. — Galieia bears the title of
kingdom, and is governed by a viceroy, who re-
sides at Lemberg. In 1817, a liberal constitution
was published, and a representative government
established.
Galieia, province, in the N. W. of Spain,
bounded N, and W. by the Atlantic, S. by Portu-
gal, and E. by the province of Asturias. Extent,
16,746 sq. miles. Pop. 1,400,000.
Galiczin. See Galilsch.
Galilee, in Sac. Geog. a country, in the N. part
of Palestine, extending from the borders of Syria
S. beyond lake Gennesareth ; bounded N. by
Mount Libanus, E. by the Jordan, S. by Samaria,
and W. by the Mediterranean. It was divided
into Lower Galilee, or Galilee of the Gentiles,
and Upper Galilee. The Galileans spoke a bar-
barous dialect, differing widely from the language
of Jerusalem. They were rebellious under the
Roman government. They were despised by their
countrymen, the Jews, for their vices, and it was
a reproach to bear their name.
Galisano, Cape, cape on the N. coast of Spain.
Lon. 30° 40' W. Lat. 43° 28' N.
Galita, small isl. between Sardinia and the coast
of Africa, 48 m. N. W. Biserta. Lou. 9° 5' E.
Lat. 37° 50' N.
Galitsch. t. Russia, 70 m. E. N. E. of Kostroma.
Lon. 42° 43' E. Lat. 59° 1 1' N. Pop. 3,200.
Galitsh, t. Austrian Galieia, on the Dniester,
formerly the capital of the country, 84 m. N. W.
Choczim, 70 S. E. Lemberg. Lon. 25° 6' E. Lat.
49° 10' N.
Galla, a savage people of Africa, who have oc-
cupied all the territories S. of Abyssinia, and seiz-
ed on some of the finest provinces of that country.
Galium, t. W. Africa, capital of the country of
Gallam or Kajaaga, on the Senegal. Lon. 10° 50'
W. Lat. 14° 35' N.
Gallam, Country of. See Kajaaga.
Gallant, Port, bay in the straits of Magellai)-
Lon. 73° 9' W. Lat. 53° 50' S.
Gallapagos, or Gallipagos, islands in the Pacific
ocean, on each side of the equator, between lon.
89° 2' and 92° W. about 200 miles W. of Peru.
The largest is 65 miles long, and 45 broad.
Gallarato, t. Austrian Italy, 31 m. N. VV. Milan.
Gallatin, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 19 m. S. E.
Hudson. Pop. 2,471. The Ancram iron works
in this town, are very extensive, and the iron is
highly prized. The ore is obtained from the
neighboring town of Salisbury, (Connecticut.)
Gallatin, p-t. and cap. Sumner co. W. Tennes-
see, 27 m. N. E. Nashville. Here is an Academy.
Gallatin, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 3,307.
Slaves, 688. Chief town. Port William.
Gallatin, co. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1818, 3,256. Chieftown, Shawaneetown.
Gallas. See Galla.
Gallatin's River, one of the three forks of the
Missouri, in N. America. It joins the main
stream in lon. 110° 5' W. lat. 45° 15' N.
Galle, a district of Ceylon, at the S. W. extrem-
ity of the island. Its chieftown is Point de Galle.
The town is 75 m. S. of Columbo, is fortified, and
ranks next to Columbo in respect to trade. The
Wesleyan Methodists have several Missionaries
here, and more than 1,000 children under in-
struction.
Galleechabad, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 82°
38' E. Lat. 25° 47' N.
Gullego, r. Spain, which falls into the Ebro near
Saragossa.
Gallegon, r. Patagonia, which runs into the At-
lantic, in lat. 51° 38' S.
Gallese, t. and castle of the Popedom, on the site
of the ancient Fescennium, 25 m. N. Rome.
Gallia, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, opposite the
mouth of the Kenhaway. Pop. in 1815, 6,000.
Chief town, Gallipolis.
Gallian, city, Hind, on the coast, 32 m. N, E. of
Bombay.
Gallim, in Sac. Geog. city of the Benjamites, 4
m. N. Jerusalem.
GalUpoli, city, Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, on
a peninsula, on the E. side of the gulf of Tarento.
It is a bishop's see, is well built and fortified,
has a convenient harbor, and carries on consider-
able trade in oil. 23 m. W. Otranto, 224 E. by S.
Naples. Lon. 18° 28' E. Lat. 40° 21' N. Pop.
9,000.
GalUpoli, s-p. Eu. Turkey, oij the N. side of the
strait of Gallipoli. It is the see of a Greek bishop.
80 m. S. Adrianople, 108 S. W. Constantinople.
Lon. 26° 37' E. Lat. 40° 25' N. Pop. 17,000. _ ■
Gallipolis, p-t. and cap. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 57 m. S. E. Chilicothe, 102 fr. Columbus.
Pop. in 1815, 700. It contains a court-house and
jail, and an academy. It was settled in 1790 by a
French colony.
Gallivant'' s ferry, p-v. Kingston co. S. C.
Gallo, Citpe, cape, 9 m. fr. Palermo. Lon. 13®
2'E.Lat. 38° 17'N.
Gallo, Cape, cape of the Morea. Lon. 21° 53'
E. Lat. 36° 48' N.
Gallo, Punta de, the S. W. point of the island of
Trinidad. Lon. 62° 16' W. Lat. 9° 45' N.
35
274
G A N
GAR
Gallop Islands, small islands in the river St Law-
rence. Lon. 75° 18' W. Lat. 44° 55' N.
Galloway, Mull of, cape, Scotland, at the E. en-
trance into Glenluce bay. Lon. 4° 56' W. Lat.
54° 39' N.
Gallotcay, J^etv, a royal borough of Scotland, in
Kirkcudbright, 25 m. W. Dumfries. Pop. 500,
Galloivay, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,648.
Gallyheud, cape, on the S. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 54' W. Lat. 51° 31' N.
Galope, or Gulpe, v. Netherlands, in Limburg,
llm.S. E. Maestricht.
Gabion, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 22 m. S. by
\V. Glasgow.
Galveston, a small island in the bay of St Ber-
nard, on tlie coast of Texas, about 90 m. W. of
the mouth of Sabine river. It was lately the re-
sort of a band of pirates and smugglers, but the es-
tablishment is now broken up.
Galveston, v. Louisiana, on the Iberville, 18 m,
N. Donaldsonville, 25 S. E. Baton Rouge. Lon.
90°50'W. Lat. 30° 20' N.
Galveston bay, in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 94°
30' W. Lat. 29° 30' N.
Galwuy, co. Ireland, bounded W. by the Atlan-
tic, N. by Mayo, N. E. by Roscommon, E. by the
river Shannon, which separates it from King's
county and Tipperary, and S. by Clare and Gal-
way bay. Pop. in 1798, 142,000, nearly all
Catholics.
Gahcay, t. Ireland, and cap. of Galway county,
on a broad river, by which Lough Corrib flows into
{lie sea. The port is very commodious and safe,
but so distant from the city that lighters are neces-
sary to carry goods into the town. Pop. 15,000.
96 m. W. Dublin. Lon. 8° 58' W. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Galway, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W. Balls-
ton, 31 fr. Albany. Pop. 2,705.
Gahcay Bay, large bay on the west coast of Ire-
land, 20 miles long and 7 broad.
Gambara, t. Austrian Italy, on the Brenta, 5 m.
W. Venice. Pop. 2,000. "There is another town
of this name on the Naviglio, 18 m. S. Brescia.
Gambia, r. W. Africa, navigable to Barraconda,
about 400 miles from its mouth. It falls into the
sea in lat. 13° 30' N. lon. 16° 30' W. SeeBathurst.
Gambiers Islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
225° E. Lat. 23° IS' S.
Gambier''s Isles, small islands on the S. coast of
New Holland. The largest is in lon. 136° 29' E.
lat. 35° 11' S.
Gambler, Point, cape, on the S. coast of Admi-
sralty Island. Lon. 226° 25' E. Lat. 57° 23' N.
Gambina, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into tlie
Oglio.
Gamblers station, fort, Tennessee, 12 m. fr.
Knox^'ille.
Gambron. See Gombroon.
Gamrie, parish, Scotland, in Banff, on the Mo-
Bay frith. Gamrie Head is 6 m. E. BauflF, in lon.
2°20'W.lat. 57°36N.
Gamshurst, v. Baden, 12 m. E. N.E. Strasburg.
Gan, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 4 m. S.
Pau, 10 E. Oleron.
Gana, or Ghana, city. Central Africa, on the
Niger, cap. of a kingdom of the same name, 100 m.
S. E. of Cassina.
Gananoqufi, r. Up. Canada, which falls into the
St. Lawrence, in Leeds.
Ganaroikee, r. Up. Canada, v/hich runs into
Lake Ontario. From ita mouth there rs a portaije
"f 1 1 miles to Rice Lake.
Gandersheim, t. Brunswick, in WolfeabutteJ,
33 m. S. W. Brunswick.
Gandia, t. Spain, in Valencia, at the mouth of
the river Alcoy. It is the seat of an academy oi
sciences. Pop, 6,300. 28 m. S. Valencia, 45 N.
N. E. Alicaiit. Lon. 0° 19' W. Lat. 39° 0' N.
Gandicotta, district. Hind, between 14° and 15^
N. lat. The principal towns are Gandicotta, Ta-
dimery, and Anantapooram. Gandicotta, or IVan-
dicotta, the capital, is on the Peunar. Lon. 78*
29' E. Lat. 14° 45' N.
Gandino, t. Lombardy, 10 m. N. E. Ber^mo.
Gandolfo. See Castel Gandolfo.
Gangapursaud, t. Bengal, on the Ganges. Lon.
87° 34' E. Lat. 25° 12^ N.
Ganges, river, Asia, Avhich by a recent survey,
made by order of the British Indian government,
has been found to rise on the S. side of the Himma-
laya mountains, between 31° and 32° N. lat. and
78° and 79° E. lon„ After running for several hun-
dred miles in the mountainous region it escapes at
Hurdwar, and enters Hindostan. Running S. E. it
is joined by the Jumna at Allahabad, and afterwards
receives the addition of five large, and an innumer-
able number of small rivers. At Sooty, in lat. 24°
26' it divides: the smaller stream taking the name
of Bhagirathi, passes by Calcutta, and disem-
bogues at Sagor; the larger branch contin-
ues its tortuous course under the name of Pud-
dah, till joined by the mighty Brahmapootra,
shortly after which it enters the ocean. The
whole length of the Ganges is computed to be
1,500 miles.
Ganges, t. France, 20 m. N. Montpelier, 33 W.
Nismes. Pop. 3,600.
Gangoutri, a celebrated place of Hindoo pil-
grimage, on the Ganges, among the Himmalaya
mountains, in the province of Serinagur, in the
N. of India. Lon. 78° 9' E. Lat. 31° 4' N.
Gangpour, district Hind, in 22° N. lat. Gang-
pour, the capital, is in lon. 84° 10' E. lat. 23° 4' N.
Ganjam, s-p. Hind, and cap. of the district of
Ganjam. It is the station of the British civil es-
tablishment, consisting of a judge, collector, and
commercial resident. Lon. 85° 19' E. Lat. 19°
23' N.
Ganjecottah, fort, India, in the vicinity of Bala-
pore.
Gannat, t. France, in Allier, 22 m. N. Cler-
mont, 36 S. Moulius. Lon. 3° 16' E. Lat 46° 6'
N. Pop. 4,100.
Gannet Island, small isl. near the N. coast of
New Zealand. Lon. 184° 46' W. Lat. 37° 57' S.
Ganos, t. Eu. Turkey, on the sea of Marmora,
32 m. N. E. GalUpoli. Lon. 27° 13' E. Lat. 4^
48' N.
Gap, t. France, cap. of the Upper Alps, 56 m.
S. by E. Grenoble, 426 S. bv E. Paris. Lon. 6° 6
E. Lat. 44° 33' N. Pop. 8,*600.
Gap, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa.
Garnhasa. See Grahusa.
Garachinc, cape, on t'ae coast of Darien, at the
entrance of the gulf of St. Miguel. Lon. 78° 14'
W. Lat. 8° 7 30' N.
Garapo, Cape, cape on the S. E. coast ol
France, 5 m. S, of Antibes.
Garb, el, province of Morocco, extending along
tlie coast from the straits of Gibraltar to the river
Saboe. Pop. 200,000. The principal towns are
Tangier and Larache.
Garbie, a division of Lower Egypt, compre-
hending that part of the Delta between the Nile
of Rn-etta and the Nile of Damietta,
GAR
Gurd, a department of France, surrounded by
ihe Mediterranean and the departments of the Lo-
zere, the Ardeche, the Rhone, the Herault, and
the Aveyron, Pop. 322,000. The Protestant and
Catholic population is nearly equal. Nismeo is
the capital.
Gard, Pont dii^ a Roman aqueduct, in the de-
partment of the Gard, in France, joining two
mountains, and passing over the Gard or Gardon.
Gard, or Gardon, r. France, which falls into the
Rhone, 3 m. above Beaucaire.
Garda, lake, Austrian Italy, between Bresciano
and the Veronese. It is 35 miles long and 14
broad. It empties through the Mincio into the Po,
Garda, t. Austrian Italy, in the Veronese, on the
ea^t bank of the lake of Garda, 16 ni. N. W. Vero-
na, 30 N. Mantua. Lon. 10° 43' E. Lat. 45° 36' N.
Gardanc, t. France, 9 m. N. N. E. Marseilles.
Gardeleben, t. Old Mark of Brandenburg, 30 m.
N. Magdeburg, 78 W. by N. Berlin. Pop. 3,200.
Lon. IP 38' E. Lat. 52° 38' N.
Garden, bay, on the E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 54° 50' W. Lat 49° 42' N.
Gardenston, s-p. Scotland, 8 m. E. Banff,
Gardiner, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on Ken-
nebeck river, opjwsite Pittstown, 6 m. S. .A.ugusta.
Pop. 1,029. Here is a bank.
Gardiner'' s bay, large bay at the E. end of Long-
Island, N. Y. Lon. 72° 15' W. Lat. 41° 3' N.
The entrance is between Gardiner's island and
Plumb island.
Gardiner^ s islu7id, or Isk of Wight, isl. at the
end of Long-Island, N. Y. annexed to Easthamp-
ton, Suffolk CO. Gardiner's bay separates it from
Long-Island, Shelter island and Southold. The
island is 7 miles long including the beach. It was
settled in 1639, by Lyon Gardiner, and is now the
property of one of his descendants.
Garding, t. Denmark, 28 m. W. S. W. Sleswick,
Gardner's Canal, inlet, N. W. coast of America.
Lon. of the entrance, 231° 17' E. Lat. 53° 35' N.
Gardner, t. Worcester co. Mass. 25 m. N.
Worcester, 68 N. W. Boston. Pop. 815,
Gardner's Island. See Anmrgura.
Gardojie, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. N. Brescia.
Gareea, t. Bengal, 3i m. fr. Sooty.
Gar-el-Mailah, s-p. Tunis, in Africa, 4 ni. W.
Cape Zibeeb.
Garfagnana. See Carfagnana.
Gargano, Monte, an extensive mountain tract on
the east coast of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples,
between 41° 30' and 41° 58' N. lat.
Gargano, Monte, (the town.) See St. Angela.
Gargnano, t. Austrian Italv, on the lake of Gar-
aa, 24 m. N. E. Brescia.
^ Gargrave, t. Ei)g. in Yorkshire, A\ m. N, W.
Skipton.
Gargunnock, v. Scotland, in Stirling, 6 m. W.
Stirling.
Garia Bay, bay on the S. coast of Newfound-
land, 22 m. E, Cape Ray,
Garigliano, (an. Liris) r, Naples, which falls
into the Tuscan sea, in the gulf of Gaeta, in lon,
13° 45' E. and lat. 41° 15' N,
Garland, p-t, Penobscot co, Maine, 28 m, N.
W. Bangor, Pop. 236.
Garlieston, s-p. Scotland, in the county of Wig-
ton, Pop. 500,
Garmouth, or Garmach, v. Scotland, in Moray
CO, at the mouth of the Spey, Immense quanti-
ties of wood are floated down the -S^ey, and
shipped at this place. Pop. 700. 8 m. E, Elgin.
Lon. 3° W, Lat. 67° 39' N.
GAS
275
Garnachc, t, France, in La Vendee, 4 m. from,
the sea, 20 S,W, Nantes.
Garner's ferry, p-v. Greene co. Geo. "
Garnock, r. Scotland, in Ayrshire, falls into the
sea at Irvine.
Garmee, t. West Prussia, 9 m. S. Marienwerder.
Garoga creek, small r. Montgomery co. N. Y.
which runs into the Mohawk at Palatine.
Garonne, r. France, rises among the Pyrenees,
and running N. W. passes by Bordeaux, and joins
the Dordogne at Bourg-aur-Mer, where it takes
the name of the Gironde.
Garonne, Upper, a department in the S. W. of
Fmnce, hounded S. by Spain, and W. by Upper Py-
renees. Extent, 2,840 sq. miles. Pop. 367,500, of
whom 18,000 are Protestants. Toulouse is the cap-
ital.
Garrachica, t. on the island of Teneriffe.
Garrard, co. Ken. on the S. aide of Kentucky
river. Pop, 9,186. Slaves, 2,083. Chief town,
Lancaster-
Garratsville, p-v, Otsego co. N. Y.
Garraway, s-p. Grain coast of Africa, ^ m. W.
Cape Palmas.
Garret Dennis, isl. in the E, Pacific, N. of New
Ireland. Lon. 151° 25' E. Lat. 2° 30' S,
Garrows, a mountainous district, between 25°
and 26° N. lat. on the N, E. frontier of Bengal.
Garstang, t. Eng. in Lancaster co, near the
Wyer, 11m. S. E. Lancaster. Lon. 2° 45' W.
Lat, 53° 54' N.
Garston, t. Eng, on the Mersey, 6 m. S. E. Liv-
erpool.
Gartempe, r. France, which falls into the Vi-
enne. It is navigable for small vessels.
Gnrtow, t. Flanover, 48 m. E, S. E. Luneburg.
Gartz, t. Pomerania, on the Oder, 17 m. S. Stet-
tin, 53 N. E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 28' E. Lat. 53° 16' N.
Garvie, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth,
opposite Queen' s-ferry.
Garvie, r. Scotland, in Ross, which joins the
Conon.
Garz, t. in the island of Rugens, formerly called
Careuza, 1 1 m. E, Sti-alsund,
Gasco?iade, r. North America, which falls into
the Missouri from the N, 100 m. from its conflu-
ence with the Mississippi, On its banks is a num-
ber of saltpetre caves. It can be ascended iu
small boats 100 miles from its mouth.
Gascony, before the revolution, a province in
the S. W. of France. It now forms the depart-
ments of the Upper Pyrenees, Gers, Landes, and
part of Lower Pyrenees, Upper Garonne, and Lot-
and-Garonne. The Gascons are a spirited and
even a fiery race ; but their habit of exaggeration
in relating their exploits has made the term gas-
conade proverbial.
Gaspar Strait, passage between the islands of
Banca and Billiton, connecting tlie China and the
Java seas,
Gaspe, a bay of the district of Gaspe, in the gulf
of St. Lawrence, lying betM'een Cape Gaspe and
Whale Head. The shores are lofty, and the set-
tlers upon them are nearly all fishermen,
Gaspe, a district of Lower Canada, on the S.
side of the St. Lawrence, at its mouth, between
64° and 66° 30' W. Lon. bounded E. by the gulf
of St. Lawrence, and S. by the province of New-
Brunswick and the bay of Chalears. Pop. 3,200.
New Carlisle is the principal town.
Gaspe, cape of Canada, in the gulf of St. Law-
rence. Lon, 64° 10' W. Lat. 48° 35' N.
Ga.f/)e, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower Cana-
da, 15 m. e. W, by S. Quebec.
276
GAY
GEL
Gaslem, t. Austrian empire, 16 m. W. 3. W.
Rastadt, 36 E. Saltzburg.
Gasterthal, valley in the central part of Swit-
zerland, at the foot of Mount Gemmi.
Gastuni, t. Morea, opposite the island of Zante ;
12 m. E. Chiarenza. Pop. 3,000.
Gatn, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Granada.
Lon. 2° 22' W.
Galchina, t. Russia, 17 m. S. Petersburgh.
Gatehouse of Fleet, v. Scotland, in Kirkcud-
bright, on the Fleet, 3 m. from its mouth, 101 S. by
W. Edinburgh.
Gates, t. Genesee co. N. Y. on I^ake Ontario, at
the mouth of Genesee river ; 28 ni. N. W. Canftn-
daigua, 80 E. iN'iagara river. Pop. 462. It con-
tains the villages of Rochestertille and Charlotte.
Gates, CO. jN. C. bordering on Virginia. Pop.
r,,965. Slaves, 2,790. Chief town, Hertford. At
the court-house is a post-office.
Gateshead, t. Eng. in Durham co. forming a sub-
urb to Newcastle, with which it is connected by a
bridge over the Tyne. It is famous for its grind-
stones, which, under the name of Newcastle, are
exported to different parts of the world. Pop.
8,782. 13 m. N. E. Durham. Lon. 1° 37' W.
Lat. 54° 57' N.
Gath, in Sac. Geog. one of the 5 principal cities
of the Philistines, and the birth-place of Goliah,
32 m. W. Jerusalem, 5 fr. Ekron.
Gatineau, fief, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada,
on the Lake St. Peter, 12 m. W. Three-Rivers.
Gatinois was before tlie revolution a district of
France, divided into the Gatinois Francois, and
Gatinois Orleannois. The former now makes part
of the department of the Seine and Marne, and
the latter of the Loiret and Gonne.
Gaisch, t. Hungary, in Neograd, 12 m. E.Kor-
pona.
Gattar, or Kattar, s-p. Arabia, inLachsa, on the
Persian gulf, opposite Bahrein.
Gattersleben, t. Prussian states, 28 m. E. Halber-
stadt,
GattevUlc, Cap de, cape and v. France, near
Barfleur.
Galtinara, t. Piedmont. Pop. 3,650. 6 m. S.
Borgo di Sesia, 15 m. N. Vercelli.
Gallon, bor. Eng. in Surrey, 18 m. S. London.
Gallon, or Jigaton, t. Benin, in Africa, on a
branch of the river Formosa .
Gnllonside, v. Scotland, on the Tweed, opposite
Melrose.
Givardo, or Guardo, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. N.
E. Brescia. Lon. 10° 26' E. Lat. 45° 38' N.
Gavella, t. Austrian Italy, 9 m. S. W. Adria.
Garetlo, s-p. Algiers, on the gulf of Stora, 30 m.
W. of Bona.
Gavi, t. Sardinian states, 20 m. N. Genoa.
Gaules Point, cape, on the S. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 55° 40' W. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Gaukg, r. Va. which enters the E. side of the
Keohawa, several miles above the falls,
Gavray, t. France, in La Manche, 18 m. N.
Avranches.
Gacre, t. Netherlands, 9 m. S. Ghent.
Gauritz,r S. Africa,risesinthe rNiemveldtmoun-
tains, and falls into the Indian ocean. Lon. 21° 40'
E. Lat. 34° 35' S.
Gatits. See Ghauts.
Gawelghur, fort. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 77° 52'
E, Lat. 21° 46' N.
Gaya, t. Portugal, a suburb of Oporto, at the
mouth of the Douro.
Guyah, also called Boodh Gayah, t. Hind, in
Bahar. It is one of the most celebrated places of
Hindoo Pilgrimage, having been the birth-place
of Boodh. The revenue collected from the pil-
grims on account of government, amounts to above
16,000/. per annum. Lon. 85° 5' E. Lat. 24°
49' N.
Gayhead, the W. point of Martha's- Vineyard
island. Lon. 70° 50' W. Lat. 41° 20' N. The
peninsula is 3 or 4 miles long, and contains a set-
tlement.
Gaza, in Sac. Geog. one of the 5 principal cit-
ies of the Philistines, on the S. border of Palestine.
It was assigned to the tribe of Judah, but they af-
terwards lost possession of it.
Gazypoor, district. Hind, in Allahabad, bound-
ed N. and E. by the Goggrah, S. by the Ganges,
and W. by Joanpore, Gazypoor, the capital, is on
the Ganges. Lon. 83° 33' E. Lat. 25° 35' N.
Gearon. See Jaron.
Geauga, co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth
of Grand river. Pop. in 1815, 3,000. Chief town,
Chardon.
Geba, country, W. Africa, 180 m. S. Kacundy,
on the river Geba, wliich falls into the Cacheo,ior
St. Domingo.
Gebal, in Sac. Geog. See Gibyle.
Gebesee, t. Prussian part of Saxony, near the
conflux of the Geraand the Unstrut. Pop. 1,360.
8 m. N. N. W. Erfurt. Lon. 10° 59^ E. Lat. 51®
10' N.
Gebharts, p-v. Somerset co. Pa.
Gebi Zch, (an, Lybissa) i. Asia Minor, 25 m. E.
S, E, Scutare,
Gebul, t. Syria, 20 m. S. E. Aleppo.
Gebweiler, t. France, 14 m. S. by W, Colmar.
Gedingooma, t. Kaarta, W. Africa. 30 m. N, W.
Kemmoo,
Gcdumah, country, Africa, on theN. side of the
Senegal, Lat. 9° 40' to 1 1° 20' Yf.
Geersberghe. See Grammont.
Geesh, v. Abyssinia, near the supposed source
of the Nile. Lon. 86° 56' E. Lat. 10° 59' N.
Gefle, or Giawle, s-p. Sweden, on the gulf of
Bothnia, near the mouth of the Gefle. Pop. be-
tween 5,(K)0 and 6,000. 60 m. N. Upsal. Lon. 17°
7' 27" E. Lat. 60° 39' 30" N.
Gejleborg, government of Sweden according to
the new division, situated between Dalecarlia and
West Norrland, and extending from the gulf of
Bothnia to the Norwegian mountains. The capi-
tal is Gefle.
Gefrees, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth.
Lon. 10° 50' E. Lat. 50° 5' N.
Geil, r. which rises in the Tyrol, and falls into
the Drave, in Carinthia,
Geilenkirchen, t. Prussian states, '8 m. N. W
Juliers. Lon. 6° 10' E. Lat. 50° 27' N.
Geisida, (an. Gratia, or Flaviopolis') t. Asia Mi-
nor, 60 m. N. Angora.
Geislingen, t. Wirtemberg, 12 m. W. Ulm. Lon.
9° 50' E. Lat. 48° 34' N,
Geissmar, or Hof Geissmar, t, Hesse-Cassel, 14
m. N. N. W. Cassel, 22 W. Gottingen. Lon. 9°
24' E. Lat. 51° 20' N. Pop, 2,400.
Geilhayn, or Geithen, t. Saxony, 23 m. S. S. E,
Leipsic, 46 VV. Dresden. Lon, 12° 39' E. Lat, 51°
I'N. Pop. 1,700.
Gelderland, Gueldres, or Geldern, a province of
Netherlands, bounded N. E. by Overyssel, S. E.
by Germt..ay, S. by Brabant, and W. by Utrecht.
Extent, 2,020 sq. miles. Pop. 243,000.
Gelders, or Guelders, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S.
GEN
GEN
277
S. E. Clevea, and 30 N. N. W. Dusseldorf. Lon.
60 19'E. Lat. 510 30'N.
Gellah, or Coltah, fortified place, Algiers, 86 m.
E. Constantina.
Gelma, (an. Calama) t. Algiers, 50 m. E. Con-
stantina.
Gelma, (an. Cilma) t. Tunis, 84 m. S. S. W.
Tunis.
Gelmuyden, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 6 m.
E. N. E. Campen. Lon. 5° 57' E. Lat. 52«>
40' N.
Gelnhausen, t. Hesse Cassel, near the Kinzig.
The Bavarians were defeated near this by the
French 29th October, 1813; 12 m. E. Hanau.
Lon. 9° 13' 53" E. Lat. 50° 13' 25" N.
Gemappe, or Jemappes, v. Netherlands, in Hai-
nault, near the Scheld, 2 m. fr. Mons.
Gemarke, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. E. Dussel-
dorf. Pop. 5,000.
Gemblours, or Gembloux, t. Netherlands, in
f^outh Brabant. The neighbourhood has been the
scene of several sanguinary conflicts. 9 m. N. W.
Namur, 30 E. of Mons. Lon. 50° 35' N.
Gemertf large v. Netherlands, in North Brabant
Fop. 4,000. 2 m. N. Helmont.
Gemishkhana, t. Asia Minor, on the borders of
Armenia, 30 m. S. Trebisond.
Gemlick., (an. Caius,) t. Asia Minor, at the head
of the gulf of Modania, 50 m. S. E. Constantino-
ple.
Gemona, t. Austrian states, in Friuli. Pop.
2,000. 12 m. N. N. W. Udina. Lon. 12° 59' E.
Lat. 46° 20' N.
Gemund, t. Wirtemberg, 24 m. E. Stutgard.
Lon. 9° 50' E. Lat. 48° 44' N. Pop. 5,500.
Gemund, t. Carinthia, 32 m. N. W. Clagenfurt.
Lon. 13° 21' E. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Gemund, t. Prussian states, in Juliers, 41 m.
W. N. W. Coblentz. Lon. 6° 28' E. Lat. 50°
37' N.
Gemunden, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Saale and the Maine ; 37 m. E. Frankfort, 25 W.
Schweinfurt. Lon. 9° 42' E. Lat. 50° 9' N.
Gem.underi, t. Austria, on tlie Traun. It is the
seat of the government ofiices for the salt works in
that district. 24 m. S. S. W. Lintz, 108 W. S. W.
Vienna. Lon. 13^^ 42' E. Lat, 47° 50' N. Pop.
1,800.
Genadil, rock in Nubia, forming a cataract over
which the Nile passes ; 120 m. S. S. W. Syene.
Genap, or Genappe, t. Netliorlands, in South
Brabant, on the Dyle, memorable in the battles of
17th and 18th June, 1815. Pop. 1,200. 5 m. E.
Nivelles.
Genesee, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and
flowing through New- York, enters Lake Ontario.
About 40 miles N. of the Pennsylvania line, there
are falls in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, a mile
apart. At Rochester there are also two falls, 1
of 96 feet, and 1, 3 miles below, of 75 feet. At the
mouth is a harbor, and port of entry. See Char-
lotte. Vessels ascend to the falls.
Genesee, co. N. Y. on the W. side of Genesee
river, bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Gen-
esee river, which separates it from Ontario co. S.
by Alleghany and Cataraugus counties, and W.
by Niagara co. Pop. 12,644. Chief town, Ba-
tavia.
Genesee. See Batavia, N. Y.
Geneseo, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee riv-
er, 25 m. W. Canandaigua, 33 S. Rocliester, 35 E.
Batavia. Pop. 894. It has a Presbyterian church.
The flats on the river are exceedingly fertile, and
tlie farms very thriving.
Genes t, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m. W. N. W.
Laval.
Genera, city, Switzerland, and the capital of a
small canton, is situated at the W. extremity of
the lake of Geneva, on the confines of France and
Savoy. The Rhone divides it into two parts. The
public buildings are the Hotel de Ville, the arse-
nal, the college, the public library, the hospital,
the theatre, and the cathedral. The public libra-
ry was founded at the time of the reformation ; it
now contains 50,000 volumes, and at stated times
is open to the public. Nothing can be more agree-
able than the environs of Geneva, or more mag-
nificent than the prospect which it enjoys. The
lake, the hills, the distant Alps, covered with eter-
nal snow, and above all, Mont Blanc, rearing its
lofty head to the clouds, give a wonderful beauty
and sublimity to the prospect. The number of
inhabitants is 22,800. This population would nat-
urally place it among European towns of the third
or fourth rank, but it has acquired a celebrity
equal to that of tlie first capitals. It owes this
high degree of reputation principally to its indus-
try, and the civil and religious habits and institu-
tions of its people. The great occupation of the
inhabitants, is watch-mal<ing, which employs
nearly 7,000 individuals ; and a great part of the
continent is supplied with watches from this place.
Education has always been conducted here with
the greatest care. Here are a public school and a
university; the former conducted by 11 masters,
and the university by 22 professors ; the number
of students is generally 1,000. 42 m. N. Cham-
bery, 70 N. E. Lyons. Lon. 6° 9' E. Lat. 46°
12' N.
Geneva, a canton of the Swiss confederation, ad-
mitted in 1814. It is composed of the city of Ge-
neva, and an adjacent territory, containing to-
gether 47,000 inhabitants.
Geneva, Lake of, a celebrated lake in the form
of a crescent, between Switzerland and Savoy,
and occupying a part of the great valley which
separates the Alps from the Jura ridge. Its length
is 50 miles ; its greatest breadth 10. It is never
frozen, and its water is beautifully clear, except
at the influx of the muddy current of the Rhone.
The scenery all around is most magnificent, the
N. side being fertile and beautifully diversified,
while the S. side rises gradually, until its moun-
tains form the highest of the Alpine range.
Geneva, p-v. in Seneca, Ontario co. N. Y. on the
W. side of Seneca Lake, near the outlet, 16 m,
E. Canandaigua, 95 W. Utica, 192 W. Albany.
Geneva enjoys an extensive trade. It contains a
bank, an academy, a glass house, and 3 churches,
1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
Dutch Reformed. Two newspapers are printed
here. — The lake is here 3 miles wide. The vil-
lage is built with much taste and beauty on its
bank, which is elevated 50 or 60 feet above the
surface of the water, and commands a fine view of
the lake, and of the fertile and populous country
on its borders.
Geneva, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie,
10 m. N. W. Jeflerson.
Genevieve. See St. Genevieve.
Genevieve Bay, on the W. coast of Newfound-
land, in the straits of Belleisle, 20 m.N. St. John's
bay.
278
GEO
GEO
Genevois, a province of Savoy, bordering on
France and Geneva. Pop. 70,000.
Gengenbach, t. Baden, 15 m. S. E. Strasburg.
Genilo bridge, p-v. Powhattan co. Va.
Gennep, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 9 m. S. S.
W. Cleves.
Gennesareth, Cinneroth, or sea of Tiberias,
or sea of Galilee, lake of Palestine. It is 17 miles
long, and 5 broad. The water is fresh and pota-
ble. The country and city of Gennesareth is on
its W. shore, and is fertile and pleasant.
Genoa, a maritime city in the N. W. of Italy,
once a celebrated republic, now the capital of a
province of the Sardinian States, on the gulf of
Genoa. It is surrounded by a double wall, and is
a place of great strength. When viewed from the
harbour, Genoa and its environs present the form
of an amphitheatre. The white buildings, erec-
ted on successive terraces, contrasted with the na-
ked appearance of the Appennines, give the town
an air of great magnificence. The houses are well
built, but the streets are narrow and irregular.
Three streets, however, the Strada Balbi,the Stra-
da Nuova, and the Strada Nuovissima, are regu-
lar and spacious, and contain the palaces of the
great families. Among the public edifices are the
Palazzo della Signora, the ancient residence of the
doge ; the great hospital,the cathedral, and several
churches which are regarded as masterpieces of
architecture. The harbour of Genoa is inclosed by
2 strongmoles, and can admit ships of 80 guns, but
the entrance is difficult. Genoa exports rice and
fruit, and in particular olive oil, to a great annual
value ; also her own manufactures, viz. silks,
damasks, and velvets ; for the last, Genoa has long
been celebrated. The yearly value of the differ-
. ent silk and satin manufactures is from 200,000 1, to
300,000. The chief business is carried on under
foreign flags, from a dread of the Barbary corsairs.
This city is the see of an archbishop. The estab-
lished religion is Catholic. Here are an univer-
" sity, an academv, and a public library. Pop.
76,000. 77 m. Sl E. Turin, 73 S. Milan, 450 S. E.
Paris. Lon. 8° 58' E. Lat. 44° 25' N.
Genoa, the Territory of, a province of the Sar-
dinian states, extending along the shores of the
gulf of Genoa. Extent 6,500 square miles. Pop.
530,000. It was formerly independent, but in
1815 was given to Sardinia, by the Congress of Vi-
enna. The city and territory, however, are
governed by tlieir own laws, preserving their sen-
ate, their supreme court of justice, and provinical
councils.
Genoa, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Cayuga lake,
25 m. S. Auburn, 180 W. Albany. Pop. 5,425. It
is a large township, and has 5 houses of public
worship.
Genoa, p-t. Indiana co. Pa.
Genoa, t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Genoa Bar, reef of rocks off the N. coast of Ba-
hama, Lon. 79° 36' W. Lat. 26° 20' N.
Gensac, t. France, in Gironde, 9 m. S. E. Li-
bourne.
Gentiah, district. Hind. N. E. of Bengal, boun-
ded on the S. by Sylhet, and N. by the Garrow
mountains.
Gentilly, t. France, 4 m. S. Paris.
George, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, at the W.
end of Loch Rannoch, 36 m. N. W. Perth.
George Fort. See Fort George.
George, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Kergue-
len's land. Lon. 70° 13' E. Lat. 49° 54' S. Also
the name of a cape on the coast of Nowtbundland.
Lon. 59° 17' W. Lat. 48° 28' N.
Georg-e,Lafi-c, a beautiful lake, 36 miles long, and
about 2 bioad, between Washington and Warren
counties, N. Y. It lies S. of Lake Champlain, and
communicates with it by an outlet 3 miles long,
in which distance the water descends nearly 100
feet. The lake is surrounded by high mountains,
and is much celebrated for the romantic beauty
of its scenery. The water is deep, remarkably
transparent, and abounds with the finest fish.
Salmon-trout are taken, weighing upwards of 20
pounds. There are numerous small islands in the
lake,on some of which are found chrystals of quartz,
hardly surpassed by any in the world, for trans-
parency and perfection of form. Lake George
was long conspicuous in the wars of this country,
and several memorable battles were fought on its
borders. It formed the most convenient connex-
ion between Canada and the Hudson, and hence
the establishment of Fort William Henry, in 1755,
at the head of the lake, and in more recent times,
of Fort George, in its immediate vicinity. The
remains of the fortifications are still visible. Lake
George is a fashionable resort in summer, in con-
nexion with Ballston and Saratoga.
George, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the S. E. side of
the Monongahela, at the mouth of George creek,
16 m. S. W. Union. It is a place of considerable
trade.
George Lake. See St. John^s river, Florida.
Georgenburg, t. Russia, in Wilna, 35 m. E. Til-
sit.
George's tavern, p-v. New Kent co. Va, It is a
place of considerable trade.
Georgesville, p-v, Franklin co, Ohio, 13 m, S,
W, Columbus.
Georgetown, t. and cap. of Pooloo Penang, or
Prince of Wales island. Lon, 100° 19' E, Lat. 5°
25' N.
Georgetoion, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the E.
side of the Kennebec, at its mouth, separated from
Boothbay, by Sheepscot river, 15 m. S. W. Wis-
casset. Pop. 1,998. It formerly included Phips-
burg.
Georgetown, p-t. Madison co. N. Y.
Georgetown, p-t. Beaver co. Pa.
Georgetown, p-t. and cap. Sussex co. Del. 16 m.
W. S. W. Lewistown, 103 S. Philadelphia. Here
is a bank.
Georgetown, p-t. and port of entry in the District
of Columbia, is pleasantly situated on the east
side of the Potomac, at the junction of Rock creek,
which separates it from Washington city, 3 m. W.
of the Capitol in Washington, 8 N. Alexandria.
Lon. 77° 5' W. Lat. 38° 52' N. Pop. 4,948.
It contains 5 houses of public worship, 2 for
Episcopalians, 2 for Methodists, and 1 for Pres-
byterians. The Roman Catholics have a college
here, established in 1799, which has 2 spacious
brick edifices, finely situated, with a library of
7,000 volumes, and about 150 students. In 1815,
it was raised by Congress to the rank of an univer-
sity, and authorized to confer degrees. George-
town has considerable trade. The amount of ship-
ping in 1815, was 6,795 tons.
Georgetoivn, t. Kent co. Md. on the eastern
shore of the Chesapeake, on the S. side of Sassafras
river, opposite Frederick, 9 miles above its mouth,
60 N.' E Chester, 65 S. W. Philadelphia,
Georgetown, district, S. G. Pop. 15,679. Slaves
13,867.
GEO
GEO
279
Georgetown, p-t. port of entry, aod cap. of
Georgetown district, S. C. on Winyaw bay, near
Uie mouth of the Pedee, 13 m. from the sea, 60 m.
N. N. E. Charleston, 134 S. Fayetteville, 138 S.
E. Columbia. Lon. 79° 19' W. Lat. 33° 24' N.
Pop. about 2,000, of whom two thirds are negroes.
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and 4 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Epis-
copalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
Georgetown is well situated for trade. It is in the
neighbourhood of very fertile lands, and connec-
ted by the Pedee and its branches with an exten-
sive back country ; but there is a bar at the mouth
of Winyaw bay which prevents the entrance of
vessels drawing more than 11 feet water. The
amount of shipping in 1816, was 985 tons.
Georgetou-n, t. Warren co. Geo. on the Ogechee,
35 m. above Louisville.
Georgetown, p-t. and cap. Scott co. Ken. near
the mouth of Royal Spring, a branch of the North
Elkton, 14 m. N. Lexington. It contains a court-
house, a bank, an academy, a Baptist Church, a
printing-office, and several manufactories. The
country around is fertile and flourishing,
Georgetown, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S. E.
Cadiz.
Georgetown, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana.
Georgetown, t. S. America, formerly called Sta-
brotk, cap. of the colony of Demerara in English
Guiana, lies along the E. bank of Demerara river,
at its mouth, for about two miles, and extends
back i a mile. Lon. 58° W. Lat. 6° 40' N. It is
a place of considerable trade. Pop. 8,500, of
whom 5,000 are whites.
Georgetown cross-roads, p-v. Kentco. Md.
Georgia, a country of Asia, between the Black
sea and the Caspir*n, on the frontier of Russia and
Persia. It was formerly independent, but since
1801, has been united to the Russian empire.
Pop. 320,000. The beauty of the females makes
them eagerly sought after to fill the seraglios of
the East. The inhabitants are chiefly Christians
of the Greek communion. The principal rivers
are the Kur and the Araxes. Teflis is the cap-
ital.
Georgia, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, 18 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 1,760.
Georgia, one of the U. States, bounded N. by
Tennessee ; N. E. by South-Carolina ; S. E. by
the Atlantic ; S. by Florida, and W. by Alabama.
It extends from lat. 30° 20' to 35° N. and from lon.
81° to 86° 48' W. It is 300 miles from N. to
S. and 240 from E. to W. and contains 58,000 sq.
miles, or 37,120,000 acres. Pop. in 1790, 82,548 ;
in 1800, 162,686; in 1810,252,433, of which num-
ber 145,414 were whites, 107,019 slaves, and 1,801
free blacks. This population is confined to the
eastern part of the State. The western part is in
possession of the Indians, viz. the Creeks and Cher-
okees. The Indian country lately embraced more
than 40,000 square miles, or two thirds of the
whole State, but by the treaty of Fort Jackson,
the claim of the Creeks was extinguished to more
than 1 1 ,0C>0 square miles in the southern part of
the State, including the whole country below the
parallel of 31° 35'. The Creeks now own in this
State about 15,000 square miles, lying on the head
•waters of Flint river, between the Oakmulgee
and Chatahoochee rivers. The Cherokees lately
possessed about 16,000 square miles in the north-
ern part of the State, but in 1819, they ceded a
large district of it to the U. States.
From the ocean, for the distance of 7 miles, there
is a margin of islands and marshes, intersected by
rivers, creeks, and inlets, communicatmg with
each other, and forming an inland navigatioa
for vessels of 100 tons, along the whole coast
These sea islands consist of salt marsh, and of
a species of land called hammock, which produ-
ces the black seed cotton, of a superior quality.
A narrow margin on the coast of the main, consists
also of salt marshes and hammock lands. Immedi-
ately back of this, are the pine barrens, interspers-
ed with numerous inland swamps. The rivers
and creeks have also near their mouths, marshy
lands, called brackish swamps, and higher up,
river-tide swamps, which are entirely fresh.
Both of these, and the salt-marshes, are overflow-
ed partially or wholly, at the return of the tide.
The pine barrens reach from 60 to 90 miles from
the coast. Beyond this commences a country of sand
hills, from 30 to 40 miles wide, interspersed with
fertile tracts,and extending to the falls of the rivers.
The part of the State above the falls of the rivers,
is called the Upper country, and has generally a
strong, fertile soil. Cotton is the principal pro-
duction of Georgia. It is of two kinds ; the black
seed, or sea-island, and the green seed, or upland.
Rice is extensively cultivated in the swamps ot
the low country. The fruits are figs, oranges,
melons, pomegranates, olives, lemons, &c. The
forests afford fine timber, chiefly oak and pine, for
exportation.
The principal islands on the coast are Tybee,
Ossabaw, St. Cathai'ine, Sapelo, St. Simon's, and
Cumberland. The principal rivers are Savannah,
Ogechee, Alatamalia, Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint,
Chatahoochee, Coosa, Oconee, and Oakmulgee.
Savannah and Darien are the principal ports.
Milledgeville is the seat of government. The other
principal towns are Augusta, Sunbury, St. Mary's,
Petersburg, and Athens.
The university of Georgia consists of a college,
called Franklin college, established at Athens, and
of an academy, either established or to be estab-
lished in each county. This body of institutions
is under the direction of a Senatus Academicus,
consisting of the Governor and Senate of the State,
and 15 trustees. The senatus academicus ap-
points a board of commissioners in each county, to
superintend the academy of the county and the in-
ferior schools. In 1817, $200,000 were appro-
priated by the Legislature for the establishment
of free schools throughout the State. For judi-
cial purposes, the state is divided into four dis-
tricts, Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern.
The Baptists and Methodists are much the most
numerous religious denominations. The Legisla-
lature consists of a senate and house of representa-
tives, chosen annually by counties. The govern-
or is chosen for two years.
In 1817, Georgia was the sixth State in the Un-
ion in the value of her exports. The amount
was $8,790,714, and consisted almost wholly ot
domestic produce. The staple of the State is cot-
ton. The amount of shipping in 1815, was onlv
15,590 tons.
Georgia, Gulf of, in the Pacific ocean, betweeii
the continent of N. America, and Quadra and Van
couver's island.
11.
280
G E R
G E R
Georgia, Kew, or South Georgia, a desolate isl-
and in the Atlantic ocean, 90 miles long, and 30
broad. Lon. 37° W. Lat. 54° 30' S.
Georgian islands, a name given to four of the
Society islands, viz. Otalieite, Eimeo, Tetaroa, and
Tapuamanu. See Society islands.
Gery t. France, in La Manche, 6 m. N. E. Mor-
tain.
Gera, a lordship of Germany, now belonging to
the family of Reuss, extent 157 sq. miles. Pop.
22,800.
Gera, r. Saxony, virhich falls into the Unstriit, 6
m. N. Erfurt.
Gera, t. Germany, cap. of a district belonging to
the counts of Reuss, on the White Elster. Pop.
7,500. 30 m. S. S. VV. Leipsic, and 68 W. Dres-
den.
Gerardmer, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Bruyeres.
Gerau, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 8 mv W. N. W.
Darmstadt.
Gerberois, t. France, 14 m. N. W. Beauvais.
Gerbstadl, t. Prussian states, 30 m. S. W. Des-
sau, 36 S. Magdeberg. Lon. 11° 47' E. Lat. 51°
40' N. Pop. 2,400.
Gerdauen, t. E. Prussia, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Lon. 21° 27' E. Lat. 54° 16' N.
Gerenna, t. Spain, 12 m. N. N. W. Seville.
Gergeau. See Jargeau.
Gergesmarkt, t Transylvania, on the Alt, 18 m.
_W.N. W. Hermannstadt.
Gergong, or Ghergong, city, and formerly cap.
of Assam, on the Deckhow river, one of the branch-
es of the Brahmapootra. Lon. 94° 40' E. Lat. 26°
65' N.
Gerina, or Cerina, t. Cyprus, on the N. coast,
16 m. N.N. W.Nicosia.
Geringswalda, t. Saxony, 23 m. S. S. E. Leipsic,
40 W. Dresden.
Gerizzim, in Sac. Geog. a hill in the Mount-
Ephraim range. A valley separates it from
Mount l!haL
Germa, t. Fezzan, 50 m. E. S. E. Mourgouk.
German, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 15 m. W. Nor-
wich, 1 15 W. Albany. Pop. 1,519.
German, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,079.
German, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 650.
German, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri.
German coast, district, Louisiana, comprising
the parishes St. Charles and St. Jean Baptist.
Pop. 6,281.
German flats, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the S.
side of the Mohawk, 5 m. S. Herkimer, 75 W. Al-
bany. Pop. 2,228. In this town stood Fort Her-
kimer, mentioned in the history of American wars.
The German flats is an extensive tract of alluvial
land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this town
and in Herkimer. Though it has been cultivated
nearly 100 years, it has lost none of its fertility.
German Ocean, or JVorth Sea, an extensive sea
on the N. W. coast of Europe, bounded S. by the
straits of Calais, and N. by the Orkney and Shet-
land islands. The fisheries are extensive, as well
on the Dogger Bank, as on the shores of Britain,
Holland, Denmark, and Norway ; they are still
greater at its northern extremity, in the direction
of the Orkney and Shetland islands.
Germantou-n, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson
river, 12 m. below Hudson. Pop. 690. It con-
tains 2 churches, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Pres-
byterians.
Gertnanfoifv, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 6 m. N.
Philadelphia. Pop. 4,243. It contains 4 housej
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Ger-
man Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Friends.
The houses are chiefly of stone, some of them large
and elegant, and built principally on one street,
about 2 miles in length. The inhabitants are most-
ly Germans and Dutch. Here is the principal
congregation of the Menonists, and tlie mother of
that sect in America. The battle of Germantowu
was fought here on the 4th Oct. 1777.
Germantownt p-t. Hyde co. N. C. on a bay in
Pamlico Sound.
Germantown, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. on the Town
fork of the Dan. It contains a court-house and
jail, and about 40 houses.
Germantown, t. Bracken co. Ken.
Germantown, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 13 m. S.
Dayton.
Germany, country, Europe, bounded N. by
Denmark and the Baltic, E. by Poland, S. by Hun-
gary and Italy, and W. by Switzerland, France,
and the Netherlands. It is 650 miles from N. to
S. 600 from E. to W. and contains 220,000 square
miles. The northern part is a flat country.
Southern Germany is more diversified, consisting
in part of extensive plains, but traversed also by
vast ranges of mountains. Few countries arc
more fortunate in great rivers, it being computed
that no less than 60 are navigable to a great ex-
tent, while six, viz. the Danube, the Rhine, the
Maine, the Weser, the Elbe, and the Oder, rank
among the noblest and largest in Europe. The
climate is healthy. The soil is various ; sandy
plains and barren heaths abound in the N. E.
swamps and marshes in the N. W. ; but many of
the interior and S. W. parts are uncommonly fer-
tile.
No language in Europe is spoken by so great a
population as the German; it is current not only
in Germany, but in part of France, Switzerland
and Hungary ; in Livonia, Esthonia and Cour-
land. — There are 21 universities, of which 13 are
Protestant, 6 Catholic, and 2 partly Catholic and
partly Protestant. The total number of students
at these seminaries is between 8,000 and 9,000 ;
Gottingen is the most numerously attended, hav-
ing above a tenth of the whole. Gottingen, Halle,
Jena, and recently the university of Heidelberg,
are allowed to stand in the first rank. The num-
bers of the various religious denominations are
as follows: Catholics 15,000,000, Lutherans
12,000,000, Calvinists 2,200,000, Jews 183,000,
Hernhuttei-s 25,000, Greek church 14,000.
Germany was formerly an empire, and consist-
ed of above 300 secular and ecclesiastical princes,
each independent in the administration of his
own territory, but subject to the emperor as head
of the empire. It was divided into 10 circles :
Austria, Burgundy, Upper Rhine, Lower Rhine,
Franconia, Bavaria, Swabia, Westphalia, Upper
Saxony and Lower Saxony. During the late wars
in Europe, the empire was dissolved, and the num-
ber of independent principalities reduced from
300 to little more than 30. In 1815, a new con-
federation was formed, called ' the confederation
of the sovereigns and free towns of Germany.'
The names of the States, the number of votes to
which each is entitled in the general assembly,
and the revenue and population of each are given
in the following table :
G E R
G E S
281
S!
Population
Pvevenue
i^^^m
?
from the
computed in
Igjgmjuf
t
official re-
Pounds ster-
W^
.">
turn 181S.
ling.
puslrian dominions
Fin Germany,
4
9,482,227
L. 6,370,000
Prussian dominions
in Germany,
4
7,923,439
4,300,000
Saxony, kingdom,
4
1,200,000
850,000
Bavaria,
4
3,560,000
1,800,000
Hanover,
4
1,305,351
900,000
Wirtemberg,
4
1,395,463
1,000,000
Baden, grand duchy,
3
1,000,000
550,000
Hesse-Cassel,
3
540,000
380,000
Hesse Darmstadt,
3
619,500
370,000
Holstein and Lauen-
burg,
3
360,000
200,000
Luxemburg, -
3
214,058
120,000
Brunswick,
2
209,600
180,000
Mecklenburg-
Schwerin,
2
358,000
150.000
Nassau,
2
302,767
176;000
Saxe-VVeimar,
1
201,000
150,000
Saxe-Gotha, duchy,
185,682
150,000
Saxe-Cobourg, -
80,012
55,000
Saxe-Meinungen,
54,400
35,000
Saxe-Hildburghau-
sen.
29,706
20,000
Mecklenb urg- Stre-
litz, - -
71,769
50,000
Oldenburg,
217,769
150,000
Anhalt-Dessau,
52,947
60,000
Anhalt-Bernburg,
37,046
30,000
Anhalt-Kothen, -
1
32,454
23,000
Schwartzburg-Son-
dershausen,
J
45,117
25,000
Schwartzburg-Ru-
dolstadt.
53,937
22,000
HohenzoUern- Hech-
ingen, - -
14,^00
80,000
Lichtenstein, -
5,546
3,000
HohenzoUern-Sig-
maringen,
35,560
30,000
Waldeck,
51,877
40.000
Reuss-Greitz, -
22,255
13,000
Reuss-Lobenstein,
52,205
29,000
Hesse-Homburg,
20,000
17,000
Schaueubu rg-Lippe,
24,0;j0
18,000
Lippe-Detmold,
69,062
50,000
The free town of Lu-
beck.
40,650
30,000
— Frankfort, -
47,850
60,000
— Bremen,
48,500
40,000
— Hamburgh, -
129,800
120,000
1
69
30,094,050
L.18,646,000
f
The diet is permanent, and the sessions are held
at Frankfort on the Maine. In all ordinary con-
cerns, the eleven larger states are each entitled
to one vote, and the smaller states are divided into
six classes, and each class has one vote. But when
fundamental laws are to be enacted, and in some
other questions of prime importance, the diet re-
solves itself into the general assembly, in which
each state has the number of votes mentioned in
the table. The military contingent of the federa-
tive body, in time of {^eace is 120,000 men, of
whom 96,(KX) are infantry, 18,000 cavalry, and
6,000 artillery. In war,lhe contingent is one in 100
thp popiiJation, making a totrdof 301,000,with
a reserve force of one in 200. — The great fortres-
ses essential to the defence of the empire inMentz,
Luxemberg, and Landau, are declared to belong
to the conliederation. Germersheim, important
as commanding the passage of the Rhine, is to be
made a place of great strength ; also Hombui^,
between Luxemburg and Landau. Ulm is like-
wise to be made a fortress of the first rank, and
the sum of 800,000/. was voted by the diet in 1818
for completing its fortifications.
Germany, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 788.
Germersheim, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine,
at the conflux of the Queich and the Rhine. It
is at present (1819) a place of strength, but its
fortifications are about to be greatly increased, the
diet of Frankfort having fixed on it as one of the
bulwarks of the empire, and appn^riated 600,000/.
sterling for additional works. Pop. 1,500. 5 m.
S. Spire, 8 S. Manheim. Lon. 8° 25' E. Lat. 49°
12' N.
Germunderyd, small place, Sweden, in West
Gothland, the birth-place of Catherine I. of Rus-
sia.
Gemroda, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg.
25;m. W. Bernburg. Lon. 11- 20' E. Lat. 51^ 45' N.
Gemsheim, t. Hesse-Darmstadt. Pop. 2,250.
18 ra. S. S. E. Mentz, 27 W. N. W. Heidelberg.
Gemspach, t. Baden, on the Murg, 4 m. E. Ba-
den.
Geron Point, cane, on the coast of Ireland. Lon.
5° 50' W. Lat. 55° 5' N.
Gerona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the conflu-
ence of the Omhar and the Ter, famous in his-
tory for vai-ious sieges and obstinate defences.
It is a bishop's see. 40 m. S. Perpignan, 47 N. E.
Barcelona. Lon. of the cathedral, 2° 29' 34" E.
Lat. 41° 59' 21" N. Pop. 14,000.
Gerry, Mass. See Phillipslon.
Gerry, t. Chatauque co. N. Y.
Gers, a department in the S. W. of France, be-
tween the departments of the Upper Garonne
and the Landes. Extent, 2,620 sq. miles. Pop.
286,500.
Gers, r. France, which runs into the Garonne,
3 m. S. E. Agen.
Gersau, t. Swiss canton of Schweitz, on lake
Lucerne.
Gersdorf, v. Saxony, in the circle of the Erz-
gebivge, near Rosswein. In the neighbourhood
is a silver mine.
Gersdorf, v. Saxony, E. of Lutzen, and the
scene of an action between the French and allies,
5th May, 1813.
Gertruydenberg, a strongly fortified t. Nether-
lands, in North Brabant, on the arm of the sea
called the Biesbosch, 10 m. S. E. Dort, 7 N. E.
Breda. Lon. 4° 51' 54" E. Lat. 51° 42' o N.
Gesecke, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 9 m.
E. S. E. Lippstadt.
Geserich, lake, W. Prussia, extending from
Deutsch Eylau to Saalfeld, 18 miles.
Geshur, in Sac. Geog. a country, E. of the Jor-
dan, inhabited by Canaanites. It is also the name
of a country in the S. part of Palestine, near Phi-
listia; also, a place in Syria, governed by a king,
whose daughter David married.
Gesigo Point, cape, Ireland. Lon. 8° 33' W.
Lat. 54° 22' N.
Gesfricia, province, Sweden, forming a part of
the modern government of Getleborg. Extent,
1,240 sq. miies. Pop. 27.0^)0. The chief town
is Gefle.
36
G H 1
G I B
Gesualdo, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra, 14
m. N. VV. Conza.
Getafe, t. Spain, 6 m. fr. Madrid, on the road to
Toledo.
Getlisemmie, in Sac. Geog. v. Palestine, at the
foot of Mount Olivet, separated Irom Jerusalem,
by the brook Kedron.
Gettysburg, p-t. and cap, Adams co. Pa. on
Rock creek, one of the sources of the Monocacy,
36 ra. from Williamsport, (Md.) 118 W. Phila-
delphia. The public buildings are a court-house
and jail, and a bank.
Gecrai, t. France, 6 m. S. Dijon.
Gewicz, t. Moravia, 24 m. W. Olmutz. Lon.
16° 35' E. Lat. 49° 45' N.
G&r, t. France, in Ain, 10 m. N. W. Geneva.
Gei/er, t. Saxony, in the circle of the Erzge-
fcirge, 28 m. S. W. Freyburg.
Geyier. See Iceland.
Geysingett, t. Baden, on the Danube, Ifi m. N,
Schaffhausen.
Gezan, or Dsjtsan, s-p. Arabia, in Yemen, 175
m. N. W. Sana.
Gezer, in Sac. Geog. a town of the Levites, on
the W. border of the tribe of Ephraim, of "which
tli< Canaanites long retained possession.
Ghaleflia,S'Y). Arabia, in Yemen, 20 m. S. Ho-
dcida.
Ghana. See Gana.
Ghauts, mountains, which run nearly N. and
S. through the peninsula of [ndia, along the west
'joast from Surat to Cape Coniorin. The western
side is the highest, and is computed to be between
3,000 and 4,000 feet above the sea. On this side,
there are very extensive forests of teak timber,
extremely valuable for ship-building.
Ghedi, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. Brescia.
Gheelen, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, on the
Nethe, 1 1 m. S. Turnhout. Pop. 7,000.
Gheep, district. Hind, in Lahore, between 32°
and 33° N. lat. Its principal towns are Pirhala
and Varsha.
Ghent, a large city, Netherlands, cap. of East
Flanders, on the Scheldt, at the junction of the
Lys. Several navigable canals divide the town
into 26 islands. The streets are in general wide
and straight. The houses are large, but not ele-
gant. Among the objects of curiosity are the ca-
thedral, distinguished lor the splendour and rich-
ness of its interior ; the town-hall, the public li-
brary, the beautiful botanic garden, the ramparts,
and the numerous public walks. The principal
manufactures are lace of great fineness, cotton,
linen, silk, and woollens. The great branch is
cotton weaving. Plere are academies for draw-
ing, architecture, and the fine arts, and a provin-
cial college, which, in 1816, was constituted one
of the throe universities of the kingdom of the
Netherlands. Ghent is the see of a bishop. A
treaty of peace between Britain and America,
was signed here in December, 1814. 30 m. S. W.
Antwerp, 35 N. Lille. Lon. 3° 43" 50' E. Lat.
SIC' 3' 21" N. Pop. 61,000.
Ghent, p-t. Gallatin co. Ken. on the Ohio, op-
posite Vevay.
Gheriah, fort, on the W. coast of India, on a
promontory, noar the entrance of a capacious
harbor. Lon. 73° 6'E. Lat. 16 °32' N.
Gherma. See Gerina.
Ghesan. See Gezan.
Ghiddore, t. Bengal, in Monghir. Lon. 8G° 18'
r. Lat. ,24° 50' N.
CrJ-^fn-p.^ province, P^^?-"u PxfpndiDg upwTr<3? of
200 miles along the S. W. shore of the Caspraa sea,
Reshd is the chief town. Pop. 50,000 families.
Ghinala, country W. Africa, on the N. side of
the Rio Grande.
Ghistel, t. Netherlands, 5 m. S. Ostend.
Ghivira, t. Italy, 34 m. N, N. W. Milan.
Ghizne, or Zabnl, district, Afghanistan, be-
tween 33° and 34" N. lat. and between 68° and
69° E. lon.
Ghizne, city, Afghanistan, once the capital of a
powerful empire, but now scarcely retains a ves-
tige of its former grandeur. Lon. 68° 28' E. Lat,
33° 36' N.
GholsonciUe, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Ghoraghaut, city, Bengal, on the W. bank (£
the Curruttya river. Lon. 89° 25' E. Lat. 25°
13' N.
Ghoraghaut, fort. Hind, in Gujerat.
Ghore, city, Afghanistan, Lon. 67° 48' E. Lat
35° 45' N.
Ghumithhhaua. See G emishkhana.
Ghx.nfude, s-p. Hcdsjas, in Arabia, 145 m. S.
Mecca.
Ghur Mokhtesir, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Gan-
ges. Lon. 78° 2' E. Lat. 28° 50' N .
Ghurka, city. Hind, now called Aurungabad.
It was once the capital of the Deccan. Although
it has lost much of its ancient splendour, it has still
a very extensive market place or bazar, and there
are some magnificent ruins, particularly the pal-
ace and gardens of Aurungzebe. Lon. 76° 3' E
Lat. 19° 46' N.
Ghyretty, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly, 16 m. N.
Calcutta.
Giabbar, fort, A. Turkey, 120 m. S. S. W. Diar-
bckir.
Giaduroginissa. See Calderone.
Giant of the valley, mt. in Elizabethtown, Essex
CO. N. Y. Its summit is about 1,200 feet above the
plain, and commands an extensive view of Lake
Champlain and its shores.
Giant's Causeivay, promontory on the N. coast
of Ireland. It is formed of a vast quantity of ba-
saltic columns, which run out a great way into
the sea.
Gianutti, small isl. in the Tuscan sea, 9 m. fr.
Stato de Presidii.
Giaritchas, small islands in the Eastern seas, S.
E. of the island of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 18' E. Lat.
0°3'N.
Giarenno, t. Piedmont, 17 m. W. Turin, 17 E.
by S. Susa. Pop. 7,500.
Gibbtthon, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Philistines in
the limits of the tribe of Dan.
Gibbonsville, v. in Watervliet, N. Y.
Gibeuh, or Gibeath, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe
of Benjamin, the birth-place of Saul.
Gibel el Tor, mt. See Tabor.
Gibeon, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Benja-
min, a little N. of Gibeah. It is famous for the
fraud which its inhabitants practised on the Is-
raelites.
Gibichenstein, v. Prussian states, in the duchj
of Magdeburg, on the Saale, 1 m. N. Halle.
Gihraleon, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 44 m. W. Se-
ville. Pop. 2,800.
Gibraltar, a well known promontory in the S. of
Spain, on the straits which connect the Atlantic
with the Mediterranean. It consists of a great
rocky mountain, running from N. to S. about 3
miles long, from a half a mile to three-fourths
wide, and from 1,200 to 1,400 feet high. On the
N. side is an isthmus, about 1 ^ miles long, and half
G I G
as much broad, which connects this \'a3t mass of
rock with the continent. The N. front of the
rock is almost perpendicular ; the E. side is full of
frightful precipices ; while the S. being narrow
and abrupt, presents hardly any possibility of ap-
proach. On none of tliese sides has this tremen-
dous mass ever been attacked. The VV. front is
almost as abrupt as the others, but on this side it is
most vulnerable, and here are the great batteries
and works of defence. The importance of Gib-
raltar arises chiefly from its bay, which is of great
extent, and forms a convenient naval station, being
protected from the more dangerous winds. Gib-
raltar was first fortified in the modern style in the
reign of the emperor Charles V. It was taken by
the English in 1704 ; it has since been repeatedly
besieged (first in 1705, next in 1727, and lastly in
1779,) but always without success. The town of
Gibraltar stands at the foot of the promontory, on
the N. W. side. The population, exclusive of the
garrison, is above 12,000, partly British, partly
Spaniards, Italians, Jews, and even Moors, all at-
tracted by mercantile enterprise. The trade ol
the place embraces a great variety of articles.
The support of this post is very expensive to Great
Britain. Excavations of great extent have been
made by gunjx)wder, to establish communications
between the different posts, and enable them to be
relieved without a loss of lives from the enemy's
tire. 16 m. N. Ceuta, 70 S. Seville. Lon. 5° 19'
4" W. Lat. 36° 6' 42" N.
Gibraltar, Straits of, connect the Atlantic with
the Mediterranean. The narrowest part (15
miles across) is about 8 m. W. of Gibraltar.
Gibraltar, St Antonio de, t. Caraccas. Lon. 70*^
37' W. Lat. 9° 11' N.
Gibson, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa.
Gibson, co. Indiana, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1815, 5,320. Chief town, Princeton.
Gibson, t. Washington co. Indiana.
Gibson port. See Port Gibson.
Gibson^s creek, r. Missouri Territory, which
runs into the N. side of the Missouri, in lon. 106°
30' W. lat. 47° N.
Gibsoti's store, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Gibyle, s-p. Tripoli, called in Scripture Gebal,
and by the Greeks Byblos, at the mouth of the Je-
bilee, 12 m. S. S. W.' Tripoli.
Gicn, t. France, on the Loire, 38 m. S. E. Or-
leans. Lon. 2^3 42' E. Lat 47° 41' N. Pop. 5,150.
Giengen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Brentz, 28 m.
N. W. of Augsburg. Lon. 10° 13' E. Lat. 48*^ 45'
N. Pop. 2,000.
Giens, peninsula, on the coast of France, in the
department of the Var, occupied as a military sta-
tion. Lon. 6° 7' 45" E. Lat. 43° 3' 10" N.
Gientofte, v. Denmark, a little N. Copenhagen.
Gierace^ t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 34 m. E.
X. E. Reggio. Lon. 16° 30" E. Lat. 38° 6' N.
Pop. 6,(.»00.
(jicsscn, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, between the Lahn
and the Wiesek. A university was founded here
in 1607. Pop. 7,700. 6 m. E. Wetzlar, 36 N. E.
Mentz. Lon. 8° 43' E. Lat. 50° 2,5' N.
Giessenheim, small isl. in the Rhine, op{)osite
Haguenau.
Gifhorn, t. Hanover, inLuneburg, at the influx
of the Ise into the Aller, 11 m. N. Brunswick.
Giggleswick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. N. W.
Settle.' Pop. 647.
Gt^Aa, isl. one of the Hebrides. Pop. 850. Lon.
5° 43' W. Lat. 55° 44' N.
GigliOj hola di, isl. Tnscany, 14 or 15 m. from
G I L
283
the isthmus of Monte Argentaro, 17 W. Porto Er-
cale. Lon. 10° 55' E. Lat. 42° 24' N.
Gignac, t. France, on the Herault, 14 m. E. S-
E. Lodeve. Lon. 3° 38' E. Lat. 43° 49' N.
Gihon, or Siloa, in Sac. Geog. a brook on the
W. side of Jerusalem, running into the Dead soa.
Gihon is also the name of one of the 4riVersof
Paradise. See Jihon.
Gijon, s-p. Spain, in Asturia. The harbour is
very good, and is the most frequented in the prov-
ince. Here is a school for navigation, mineralo-
gy and mathematics ; 18 m. N. Oviedo. Lon. 5*^
44' 47" W. Lat. 43° 35' 19" N. Pop. 3,200.
Gila, Rio, r. New Spain, which runs into the
gulfof Calilbrnia, just below the Colorado, in 33^
N. lat. Length, 60(J miles.
Gilboa, in Sac. Geog. m-t. in the tribe of Issa-
char, on which Saul was slain, 60 m. N. Jerusalem.
Gilead, in Sac. Geog. a ridge of mountains on
the E. side of Jordan, extending from Mount Leb-
anon to the coantry of Moab. — The province of
Gilead was in the neighborhood of Bashan and Ar-
gob ; but Gilead is also used in a larger sense, and
comprehends the whole country on the E. side of
the Jordan, afterwards called Perea.
Gilead, t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Audroscog,-
gin, 30 m. W. Paris. Pop. 215.
Giles, CO. in the W. part of Va. inclosed by
Greenbriar, Monroe, Montgomery, Tazewell and
Keuhawa counties. Pop. 3,745. Slaves 242. Chief
town, Davisburg.
Giles, CO. West-Tennessee, on Elk river, border-
ing on Alabama. Pop. 4,5 16. Slaves 733. Chief
town, Pulaski. At the court-house is a post-office.
Gilford, t. Strafford co. N. H. on the S. side of
Lake Winnipiseogee, 23 m. N. E. Concord.
Gilgal, in Sac. Geog. a place on the VV. side of
the Jordan, and E. of Jericho.
Gildersome, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. W.
Leeds.
Gilgenberg, t. East Prussia, 90 m. S. Konigsberg.
Gilion, isl. off the E. end of Madura island. Lon,
114° 40' E. Lat. 7° 5' S.
Gill, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the W. side of
Connecticut river, 3 m. E. Greenfield. Pop. 762.
Gilleesee Strait, or Alias Strait, strait between
the islands of Sumbawa and Lombock ; 45 miles
wide.
GUlespie^s store, p-v. Blount co. Ten.
Gilling, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E, Rich-
moiid.
Gillingham, v. Eng. in Dorsetshire, 4 m. N. W.
Shaftsbury.
Gillingham, v. Eng. in Kent, U m. N. E. Chat-
ham. Pop. 5,Li5.
Gillori, isl. off the coast of Alabama, on the W.
side of Mobile bay, at its mouth. It is separated
from the main by a strait, called Passe au Heron,
which has 4 feet water. On the S a narrow chan-
nel divides it from Dauphin island.
GilUland, watering place, Eng. in Cumberland,
18 m. iV. E. Carlisle!
Giliy, t. Netherlands, in Hainault. Pop. 3,050.
3 m. E. by N. Charleroy.
Gilmanton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 17 m. N. E.
Concord, 50 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 4,338. The
courts of common pleas for the county are held al-
ternately here and at Rochester. It contains aa
academy, and 5 houses for public worship.
Gilmanton, Lower, p-v. in Gilmanton, N. H.
Gilmerton, v. Scotland, 4 m. S. Edinburgh.
Gilolo, one of the Molucca islands, of an ex-
tremely irregular form, consisting of four peninsu*
284
G I V
las, separated from each other by deep bays. I'he
sas^o and fruit trees flourish here in great abun-
dance. The town of Ossa, in Ion. 128° 22' E. lat.
0° 45' N. aflbrds every convenience for ships
touching at the island.
Gilsum, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 37 m. S. Concord.
Ginbala, ten-itoryof Central Africa, on the Ni-
ger, W. of Tombuctoo.
Gingee, district, India, in the Carnatic, between
12° and 13° N. lat. Gingee, fort. Hind, and cap-
ital of Gingee district, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
34' E. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Gingerali, fortified isl. on the W. coast of India.
Lon. 73° 6' E. Lat. 18° 15' N.
Ginniken, v. Netherlands, 6 m. S. E. Breda.
Gioj'a, t. Naples, in Bari, 14 m. S. S. W. Con-
versano.
Giorgiev, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the
Danube, 40 m. S. W. Bucharest. Lon. 25° 18'
E. Lat. 43° 38' N.
Giornico, or Irnis, t. Switzerland, in Ticino, 13
m. N. Bellinzona.
Giovenazzo, t. on the E. coast of Naples, 10 m.
W. N. W. Bari. Lon. 16° 42' E. Lat. 41° 17' N.
Girdleness, promontory on tlie E. coast of Scot-
land, at the south point of the mouth of the river
Dee, 2 m. S. Aberdeen. Lat. 57° 8' N.
Girge, t. Upper Egypt, of which till very late-
ly it was the capital. It is about ^ of a mile from
the river. 215 m. S. Cairo. Lon. 31° 5' 2" E.
Xat. 370 22' N.
Girgenti, or Flume di Karo, r. Sicily, which
falls into tlie Mediterranean near Girgenti.
Girgenti. s-p. Sicily, in Val di Mazzara. Here
stood the ancient Agrigentum, the magnificent
ruins of which are still to be seen. It is a
bishop's see. I'he principal commerce is in corn.
60 m. S. Palermo, 27 N. W. Alicata. Lon. 13°
49' E.' Lat. 37° 23' N. Pop. 12,000.
Girmn^g^ay, v. France, 7 m. N. Befort, 34 S. W.
Colmar.
Gironde, r. France, formed by the union of the
Garonne and Dordogne. It falls into the Atlantic
after a courso of 27 miles, in lat. 45° 35' N.
Gironde a department in the S. W. of France.
Pop. 515,000, of whom about 60,000 are Protes-
tants. The great product of the department is
wine, of which it is computed that 800,000 hogs-
heads are made annually. Bourdeaux is the cap-
ital.
Girtys town, Alien co. Ohio, near Fort St. Ma-
ry's.
Girvan, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire.
Gisborough. See Guisborough.
Gisburn, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. W. Skip-
ton.
Qisorsy t, France, in Eure, 32 m. N. E. Evreux.
Lon. 1° 43' E. Lat. 49° 16' N. Pop. 3,500.
Gilschin, t, Bohemia, 28 m. N. W. Konigin-
gratz. Lon. 15° 20' E. Lat. 50° 23' N.
Givdeca, or Zuecca, isl. in the Lagunes of Ven-
ice, about a mile fr-om that city.
Givet, strong t. on the frontiers of France, in
Ardennes, on the Meuse, 15 m. N. E. Rocroy, 24
N. Mezieres. , Lon. 4° 5 1' E. Lat. 50° 7' N. Pop.
3,500.
Giula. See Gifula.
Giulia JVuova, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra,
12 m. E. N. E. Temmo.
Givors, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 6 m. N.
W, Vienne.
Givry, t. France, 4 m. W. Chalons. Lon. 4°
50° E. Lat 46° 47' N.
G L A
Giseli, v. Egypt, on the Nile, nearly oppobitf
Cairo, chiefly distinguished by the famous pyra-
mids in its immediate neighbourhood. 3 m. S. W.
Cairo.
Gladbach, t. Prussian states, 16 m. N. Juliers.
Lon. 6° 15' E. Lat. 51° 14' N. Pop. about 6,000.
Gladsmuir, parish, Scotland, Haddington co.on
the frith of forth.
Glammis, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. 5^ m. W.
Forfar.
Glamorgan, co. Wales, extending along the N.
shore of the Bristol channel. Extent, 527,000
acres, or 822 square miles. Immense quantities of
iron and coal are found here, and hence this haa
become one of the principal mining and manufac-
turing counties in the kingdom. The principal
iron works are Merthyr 'Tydvil, the greatest of
the kind perhaps, in the world. Pop. in 1811,
85,967. Families, 18,695, of which number, 8,217
were employed in agriculture, 7,915 in commerce
and manufactures, and 2,563 otherwise.
Glandeves, t. France, on the Var. Lon. 6®
48' 25" E. Lat. 43° 56' 43" N.
Glandeves. See Entrevaux.
Glandford Bridge, or Brigg, t. Eng. in Lincoln-
shire. It is situated on the Ankholme, which is
navigable from the Humber. 23 m. N. E. LIht
coin.
Glarus, or Glaris, canton, Switzerland, boun*
ded by those of St. Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and
Schweitz. Extent, 400 square miles. Pop.
19,280, principally protestants. Glarus, the chief
town, is 32 m. E. Lucerne. Lon. 9° 13' E. Lat.
47° 6' N. Pop. 2,500.
Glasgow, city, Scotland, in Lanark co. long dis-
tinguished for its extensive commerce and manu-
factures. It is on the (>lyde, which is navigable
to the city for vessels drawing 7 or 8 feet of wa-
ter. There are many magnificent public buil-
dings in Glasgow, of which the cathedral, or high
church, is the chief. There are several charita-
ble establishments, and 35 places of pubhc wor-
ship. The university of Glasgow was founded in
1450, and at present, consists of a lord chancellor,
lord rector, dean of faculty, the principal, and 17
pi'ofessors. At present there are about 1 ,400 stu-
dents. Exclusive of a valuable and extensive li-
brary, founded upwards of two centuries ago, in
which tliere are many very rare books ; the cele-
brated Dr. William Hunter of London, bequeath-
ed his whole museum, one of the most valuable
collections in Europe, of natural history, paintings,
medals, anatomical preparations, books, &c. A
very useful institution was founded in 1796, by
the late Mr. Anderson, with a view to aflbrd a
regular course of instruction to those persons who
do not intend to enter any of the universities.
Courses of popular lectures are given on natural
and experimental philosophy, mathematics, chem-
istry, botany, and natural history. There is a class
for mechanics, which is most numerously attended,
in which the above sciences are taught at a very
moderate rate.
The situation of Glasgow is singularly favoura-
ble for trade, placed on the borders of one of the
richest coal and mineral fields in the island, while
the Atlantic opens to it on the one hand, through
the river Clyde, and the North sea on the other,
through the Forth and Clyde canal and the frith
of Forth. Among other works belonging to Glas-
gow, are 52 cotton mills, containing 51 1,200 spin-
dles, and employing a capital of 1,000,000/.; 18
works for weaving by power, which contain 2,800
looms, producing 8,400 pieces of cloth weekly ;
G L E
17 calendar houses, who have 39 calendars moved
by steam ; these calendar daily 118,000 yards of
cloth, besides dressing 116,000, and glazing 30,000
yards. There are 18 calico printing works ; 9
iron foundries ; and 73 steam engines. The com-
munication of Glasgow, with the country along
the shores of the Clyde, has been greatly aided by
steam-boats, of which there are now 16 plying on
the Clvde. Pop. in 1780, 42,832— in 1785, 45,889,
—in 1791, 66,578,— in 1801, 83,769,— in 1811,
1 10,460,— in 1818, estimated at 120,000. Lon. 4°
15' 51'' W. Lat. 55° 52'10"N.
Glasgow, Port, Scotland, in Renfrew co. on the
frith of Clyde, 2i m. above Greenock, 20 below
Glasgow. The town is very neatly built, sur-
rounded with many pleasant villas, with their
gardens ; and the environs are extremely pictur-
esque. The trade of this port is chiefly dependent
on Glasgow. Pop. in 1811, 5,116.
Glasgow, p-t. and cap. Barren co. Ken. 32 m.
from Cumberland court-house, 145 S. W. Lexing-
ton. Pop. 244. Here is a bank.
Glassborough, v. Gloucester co. N. J, 20 m. S. E.
Philadelphia. Here is a glass factory.
Glasshouses, three hills on the east coast of New
Holland. Lat.26°28'S.
Glastenbury, p-t. Plartford co. Ct. on the E. side
of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Hartford. Pop.
2,766. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congrega-
tionalisls, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists.
In this town, there are many mills and manufacto-
ries.
Glastonbury, t. Eng. near Wells, in Somerset-
shire, famous for the ruins of its abbey, the oldest,
and for a long time the richest and most magnifi-
cent in England. Pop. in 1811,2,340. 130 m.
W. by S. London. Lon. 2° 42' W. Lat. 51° 9' N.
Glastonbury, t. Bennington co. Vt. 9 m. N. E.
Bennington. Pop. 76.
Glals, t. Silesia, on the Neiss, in a narrow val-
ley between two lofty hills. On wie of these stands
the old castle, and on the other a modern regular
fortress. 55 m. S. by W. Breslau, 94 E. Prague.
Lon. 16° 26' E. Lat. 50° 16' N. Pop. 6,700.
Glatzirgebirge, ridge ol mountains in the N.
E- of Bohemia, forming part of the Sudetic chain.
Glavxhau. See Halle.
Glauchau, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 53 m. W.
Dresden, 6 N. Zwickau. Lon. 12° 25' E. Lat.
50° 45' N. Pop. 4,000.
Gttichen JVeue. See Pleisse.
Glen, r. Eng. which runs into the Wash, 5 m.
N. E. Spalding.
Glenans, group of small islands on the coast of
France, 11 m. S. Concarneau. Lon. 4° 8' 30"
E. Lat. 47° 37' 20" N.
Glencoe, vale, Scotland, in Argyllshire, near the
head of Loch Etive.
Glengary, district, Scotland, in Inverness shire.
Glennie's Isles, small islands, New Holland, in
Bass's strait, in lon. 146° 24' E. lat. 39° Hi' S.
Glens, p-v. Gloucester co. \'a.
Glenns falls, in Hudson river, N. Y. 4 m. above
Sandy Hill, 18 below Baker's falls. The bed of
the river here consists of irregular ledges of rocks,
rising one above another. Over these rocks the
water rushes in one broad expanse, when the
river is high, and at other times in several chan-
nels, descending in the course of 3 rods, 28 feet.
The entire fall is 35 feet. There is a village at
the falls. See Glenrille.
Glenshee, (Spillal o/^) pass in the Highlands of
Scotland, 77 m- N. by W. Ediaburgh, 22 N. Cupar
G L O
28:
Glenville, p-v. Washington co. N. Y. on the N.
side of the Hudson, at Glenn's falls. It stands at
the meeting of 4 considerable roads, and a bridge
is here thrown across the river, below the falls.
Glocester. See Gloucester.
Glockner, one of the highest mountains in Eu-
rope, on the confines of Salzburg, the Tyrol, and
Carinthia. It is computed to be 12,760 feet above
the level of the sea. Lon. 12° 51' 40" E. Lat 47°
4'33"N.
Gloa;au, a strongly fortified t. Silesia, near the
Oder, "60 m. N. W. Breslau. Lon. 16° 6' 45" E.
Lat, 51'= 38' N. Pop. 9,000, of whom 2,000 are
Jews.
Glogau, Little or Upper, t. Silesia, 21 m. S. Op-
peln.
Glommt, r. Norway, which falls into the Cat-
tegat, at Frederickstadt. It is 300 miles long, and
the largest in Norway.
Glotta, the ancient name of the Clyde.
Gloucester, one of the western counties of Eng-
land, along the vale of the Severn. Extent, 1,220
square miles. Pop. in 1811, 285,514. Families,
62,092 ; of whom 20,782 were employed in agri-
culture, 29,988 in trade and manufactures, and
11,322 otherwise,
Gloucester, city, Eng. cap, of Gloucester co, is
on the Severn, 30 m. above its junction with the
Bristol channel. It possesses by nature consider-
ble facilities for commerce, and these have been
greatly improved by several canals. The chief
manufactory is that of pins, which is the most ex-
tensive in the kingdom. Gloucester contains a
magnificent cathedral, five parish churches, seve-
ral meeting houses, and a synagogue. A mineral
spring, surpassing those of Cheltenham in its
powers, has recently been discovered here. Glou-
cester is the see of a bishop. It returns 2 mem-
bers to parliament. Pop. 8,280. 106 m. W, by S,
Loudon. Lon. 2° 13' W. Lat. 51° 51' N.
Gloucester, a town of libei-ated negroes, in the
colony of Sierra Leone. Pop. 356.
Gloucester, cape, on the coast of New Britain.
Lon. 148° 15' E. Lat. 5° 54' S.
Gloucester, t. Russel co. Up, Canada, on Otta-
wa river.
Gloucester, p-t. and port of entry, Essex co.
Mass. on Cape Ann, at the N. extremity of Mas-
sachusetts bay, 16 m. N. E. Salem, 34 N. E. Bos-
ton. It contains a bank, and 6 houses of public
worship, 5 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Uni-
versalists. Gloucester is one of the most consid-
erable fishing towns in the Commonwealth. The
harbor is very open, and accessible to large ships,
and from Squam and Sandy bay, two small out-
ports, the bay fishery is carried on with great
spirit, and to a large amount. The principal part
of Gloucester is a peninsula, connected with the
main by a very narrow isthmus. On the S. E.
side of the town is Thatcher's island, on which
are two light-houses. The amount of shipping in
1816, was 1 1,080 tons. Pop. in 1810, 5,943.
Gloucester, t. Providence co. R. I. 16 m. N. W.
Providence. Pop. 2,310. The compact part of
the town is called Chepachet, which see.
Gloucester, co. N. J. extends across the State
from the Atlantic to Delaware river, bounded N
by Burlington co. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Cape
May, Cumberland, and Salem counties, and W.
by Delaware river. Pop. 19,744. Chief towns,
Woodbury and Gloucester.
Gloucester, t. Gloucester co. N, J, on the Dela-
ware, 3 m. below Philadelphia. Pop. 1,726.
Gloutester, co. \'a. on the western shore of the
286
G O A
GOG
Chesapeake, bounded N. by Piaukitank river,
which separates it from M iddlesex co. E. by Mat-
thews CO. and Chesapeake bay, S. by York river,
which divides it from York co. and W. by King:-
and-Queenco. Pop. 10,427. Slaves, 5,798. At
the court-house is a post-office.
Gloucester, t. Gloucester co. Va. on the N. side
of York river, opposite Yorktown.
Gloucester House, post in N. America, belong^inj
to the Hudson's bay company. Lon. 86° 59' W.
Lat. 51® 24' N.
Glover, t. Orleans co. Vt. 33 m. N. N. E. Mout-
pelier. Pop. 378.
Glover''s Beef, rocks, on the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88-^ 20' W. Lat. 16° N.
Gloydiboroiigk, p-v. Flampshire co. Va.
Gluchov, t. Eu. Ra^sia, in Czernie:ov, 40 m. E.
6. E. Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon. 34° 20' 15" E.
Lat. 5 1 ° 40' 30" N. Pop. 7,000.
Glucksiadt, t. Denmark, in Holstein, near the
mouth of the Elbe, at the spot where it receives
the Rhu. It is a regular and well built place,
with a harbor. It is of importance to Denmark,
as it commands, in a considerable degree, the ac-
cess to Hamburgh. Pop. 5,200. 28 m. N. W.
Hamburgh. Lon. 9° 20' E. Lat. 53° 51' N.
Glurentz, t. Tyrol, on the Adige, 36 m. W.
Brixen. Lon. 10° 26' E. Lat. 46° 38' N.
Glynn, co. Eastern district, of Geo. bounded N.
by the Alatamalia, which separates it from Mac-
intosh CO. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Camden co.
and W. by Wayne co. Pop. 3,417. Slaves,
2,845. Chief town, Brunswick.
Glynrunmey, hamlet, Wales, in Glamorgan-
shire, on the Rumney, 1^ m. fr. Caerdiff.
Gnadenhutten, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the
Muskingum, 11 m. S. New Philadelphia.
Gnadenthal, a missionary settlement of the
United Brethren among the Hottentots in S. Af-
rica. Pop. 1,377, of whom 465 are communi-
cants.
G7iazonm, t. Ava, on the Irrawuddy river. Lon.
95° 27' E. Lat. 21° 54' N.
Gncsjia, t. Prussian Poland, once the capital of
Great Poland, 30 m. E. by N. Posen, 150 W. War-
saw. Lon. 17° 42' E. Lat. 52° 26' N. Pop.
3,500.
Goa, district, belonging to the Portuguese, 40
miles long by i^O broad, on the W. coast of India,
between 15° and 16- N. lat.
Goa, a celebrated city, and cap. of all the Por-
tuguese settlements in India, is on an island about
24 miles in circumference, at the mouth of the
Mandova river. It in fact consists of two cities:
the old one, which is 8 miles up the river, is now
almost deserted by the secular Portuguese, it be-
ing unhealthy, and the seat of the inquisition.
It however contains many magnificent churches,
and exhibits specimens of architecture superior
to any thing attempted by Europeans in other
parts of India. The viceroy and principal inhab-
itants reside in the new city, which is at the
mouth of the river within the forts. It possesses
two harbors, one on each side of the island, both
of which are well defended. The towns are also
fortified, but are of too great an extent to with-
stand a siege, if the enemy were in possession of
the remainder of the island. It still carries on an
inconsiderable trade with the mother country,
with China, and the coast of Africa. Pop. of the
city and island, about 20,000, of these, very few
are genuine Portuguese. Lon. 73° 57' E. Lat.
IS^SO'N.
Goalparah, t. Bengal, on the S. bank of the
Brahmapootra, near the frontiers of Assam. Con-
siderable trade is carried on here with the Assa-
mese. Lon. 90° 32' E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Goand, mountainous district, Hind, in Gund-
wana, intersected by the Mahaauddy river.
Goat Island, small isl. R. I. in the harbor of
Newport. See Js'ewport.
Goat Island. See Niagara falls.
Goat Islaiid, isl. near the S. coast of Jaraaic;
Lon. 76° 51' E. Lat. 17° 53' N.
Goave, Petit, s-p. Hispaniola, with a harbor ca-
pable of receiving vessels of the largest size safe
from winds. This town is the staple to which the
inhabitants of Grand Goave and other places
send their commodities. 20 m. W. S. W'. Leo-
gane. Lon. 73° 37' VV. Lat. 18° 26' N.
Gobbi, district, W. Africa, S. of Cape Lopez
Gonsalvo.
Gobin, t. France, in Aisne. Here is one of the
most celebrated manufactures of mirrors in Eu-
rope. 11 m. ^V. Laon, 25 E. Chauny.
Gocauk, t. Hind, in Bejypoor. Lon. 75° 6' E.
Lat. 16° 20' N.
Goch, t. Prussian States, on the Niers, 6 m. S.
Qeves. Pop. 2,400.
Gochsheim, t. Baden, 27 m. N. N. W. Stut-
gard.
God's House, League of. See Grisons.
God's Mercy, Isla^ids of, small islands, in Hud-
son's straits. Lon. 73^ W. Lat. 63° 45' N.
Godalming, t. Eng. in Surry, 34 m. S. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 0° 36' W. Lat. 51° 11' N. Pop.
3,543.
Godavery Point, the S. point at the entrance of
the N. branch of Godavery river. Lon. 82° 32'
E. Lat. 16° 43' N.
Godavery, r. India, which rises on the E. side of
the Ghaut mountains, about 70 miles N. E. of
Bombay, and running E. and S. E. 800 miles, fall
into the bav of Bengal, by two mouths, between
16° and 17° N. lat.
Godefroi, fief, Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 3 ra. S. W.
Three Rivers.
Gudmanchester, v. Eng. 1 m. S* E. Huntingdon.
Godmanchcster, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Can-
ada, on the St. Lawrence, 40 m. S. W. Montreal.
Godo, t. Arabia, on the Persian gulf, 140 m. W.
Tulfar.
Godolphin, small v. Eng. in Cornwall, 5 m. N.
W^. Helstone.
Godon, isl. on the coast of Norway, near Sud-
mer.
Goelwarah, district, Hind. inGujerat, between
21° and 22° N. lat. on the gulf of Cambay. Its
chief town is Gogo.
Goes, or Ter Goes, t. Netherlands, in the island
of South Beveland, with a harbor at the E. mouth
of the Scheldt, 10 m. E. Flushing. Lon. 3° 53' 31"
E. Lat. 51° 30' 18" N. Pop. 3,700.
Goffstoim, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the
W. side of the Merrimack, at Amoskeag falls, 15
m. S. Concord, 13 N. N. E. Amherst Pop. 2,000.
At the falls, a bridge is thrown across the river.
Goggrah, called also the Sarfew and Dera in
different parts of its course, (an. Agoramis,) r.
which rises in the mountains that divide Hindos-
tan from Tibet, and joins the Ganges at Manjee.
It is navigable for large boats to the foot of the
hills.
Gogna, or Agogna, r. Piedmont, which runs in-
to the Po, 7 m. S. S. E. Lumello.
G O L
GOO
28t
Cbgo, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat, on the gulf of
Cambay. Lon. 72° 21' E. Lat. 21° 41' N.
Gohud, district, Hind, in Agra, on the Chum-
bul, between 26° and 27° N. lat. Gohud, the
capital, stands in lat. 26° 21' N. and lon. 78°
21' E.
Gojam, province, in the S. E. part of Abyssinia.
Goiana, city, of Brazil, in Itamarca, on the
river Goiana, 3 leagues above its mouth. Lon.
36° 16' W. Lat. 7° 39' S.
Goiaz, a province or capitanata, of Brazil,
bounded E. by Minas Geraes, W. by Matto Gros-
so, and N. by Para. It extends from lat. 6° to 21°
S. Villa Boa is its principal town. It possesses
many gold mines. Diamonds also have been
found in some parts.
Goisern, t. Austria, on the Ischel, 5 m. N. Hall-
stadt. Pop. 3,200.
GoitOy i. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio, 9 m. N.
N. W. Maiitua.
Golan, or Gaulan, in Sac. Geog. t. in Bashan,
which the tribe of Manasseh possessed. It gave
name to the province of Gaulanitis, which, ac-
cording to Josephus, lay VV, of Bashan.
Golcar, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Hudders-
field. Pop. 2,122.
Golconda, t. Pope co. Illinois, on the Ohio.
Golcondah, province. Hind, now called Hyde-
rabad. It was formerly celebrated for its dia-
mond mines. See Hyderabad.
Golcondah, or Mankul, t. and fort. Hind, in
Hyderabad. It is strongly fortified, both by na-
ture and art, and is considered by the natives im-
pregnable. 6 m. fr. the city of Hyderabad. Lon.
78°35E. Lat. 17° 18' N.
Gold Coast. See Guinea.
Goldacfu See Aach.
Goldap, t. East Prussia, 22 m. S. Gumbinnen,
76 E. S. E. Konigsberg.
Goldberg, t. Silesia, on the Katzbach, 1 1 m. S.
W. Liegnitz, 12 W. N. W. Jauer. Lon. 15° 53'
E. Lat. 51° 4' N. Pop. 6,000.
Goldengrove, p-v. Greenville district, S. C.
Goldingen, or Knldiga, t. Eu. Russia, in Cour-
land, on the Windau, 52 m. W. by N. Mittau,
Lon. 21° 44' E. Lat. 56° 51' N.
Goldlauter, v. Prussian Saxony, in the forest of
Thuringia, with 1,0(X) inhabitants, formerly em-
ployed in mining; but their mines having become
unproductive, they are now occupied in the man-
ufacture of cotton. 12 m. N. E. Meinungen.
Goldsborough, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 40 m. E.
Castine, 188 N. E. Portland. Lon. 68° 3' W. Lat.
440 19'N. Pop. 471.
Goletta, the port of Tunis. It has 6 feet wa-
ter, and is defended on each side by a castle.
Golgotha, or Calvary, in Sac. Geog. small hill,
near Jerusalem, on which Jksvs was crucified.
Golinda, small isl. near the N. coast of Cuba
Lon. 80° 4' \V. Lat. 23° 20 N.
Gollach, r. Franconia, which falls into the Tau-
ber, 5 m. S. VV. Aub.
Gollancourt, v. France, in Oise, near Noyou.
Gollen, or Gella, strait of the Baltic, between
Stralsund and the island of Rugen.
Golnitz, t. Upper Hungary, 14 m. S. E. Kaps-
dorf. Lon. 20° 57' 17" E. Lat. 48° 50' 27" N.
Pop. 5,000.
Golnoiv, t. Pomerania, 20 m. N, N. W. Stargard,
14 N. E. Stettin. Lon. 14° 57' E. Lat. 53°
37' N.
Goh^. V. Greece, in Magnesia. 2 m. fr. Makri-
nitza,
Golspie, V. Scotland, in Sutherland,
Gombin, t. Poland, 1 1 m. S. Plock.
Gombroon, or Bunder Abbas, s-p. Laristan, in
Persia, on a bay of the gulf of Ormus. It was
formerly the port of Schiras, and of all the south
of Persia, and its trade is still considerable. Lon.
56°12'E. Lat. 27° 18' N.
Gombs. See Conches.
Gomer, co. Hungary, on tho rivers Rima and
Sajo, between the counties of Liptau and Borsod.
Gomer, the capital, is 92 m. N. N. E. Buda, 180
E. by N. Vienna.
Gomera, Felez, or Bedis dePegnon, (rin. Belts,)
fort, Fez, near the coast of the Mediterranean.
Gomera, isl. one of the Canaries, 20 miles long,
and 10 wide, 18 m. S. W. Teneriffe. Lon. 17°
8' W. Lat. 28° 6' N. Pop. 7,000.
Gomersall, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. E.
Bradford. Pop. 5,002.
Gonunem, t. Prussian Saxony, 7 m. E. S. E.
Magdeburg.
Gomorrah, in Sac. Geog. See Sodom.
Gomut, r. Bengal, which falls into the Megna,
some miles N. of Chandpoor.
Gonave, isl. on the W. side of St. Domingo, in
the bay of Leogane; 40 m. N. W. Port au Prince.
Gonaves, the chief town, has an excellent har-
bour, and a medicinal spring, at which baths arc
erected, and an hospital for soldiers and sailors.
Lon. 72° 36' 45" W. Lat. 19° 27' N.
Gondar, cap. of Abyssinia, in Africa, contain-
ing in time of peace 10,000 families. The houses
are only of one story, built of clay, with the roofs
thatched in the form of cones. It is now in the
hands of the Galla. Lon, 37° 40' E. Lat. 12°
30' N.
Gondrecourf, t. France, 21 m. S. 3. E, Bar h
Due, 9 S. W. Vancouleur*.
Gonieh, t. A. Turkey, in Guriel, on the Black
sea, S. of the Phasis, 80 m. E. N. E. Trebisond.
Gonnesse, t. France, 9 m. N. Paris.
Gonnevilie, v. France, La Manche, 20 ra. N. by
E. Coutances.
Gonong Api, one of the smaller Banda islands.
Gonong Mello Bay, or Tominie, larjje bay. Lon,
of the entrance 124° E. Lat.O° 12' S.
Gonong Tello, Celebes, on the bay of Gonons;
Tello. 'I'he inhabitants are mostly Malays, who
export gold, tortoise shell, &;c. and import arms,
gunpowder and cutlery. Lon. 12'3° li Lat. 0^
28' N.
Goober. See Guber.
Goochland, co. Va. on the N. side of Jjunes riv-
er, inclosed by Louisa, Hanover, Henrico, Pow-
hatan, and Fluvanna counties. Pop. 10,203.
Slaves, 5,464. At the court-house is a post-office,
32 m. N. W. Richmond.
Good Fortune, or Pora, isl. near the W. coait
of Sumatra. Lon. 98'^ 30' E. Lat. T 5' S.
Good Hope, or Hope Island, isl. in tlie S. Pacific.
Lon. 174° 50' E. Lat. 16° S,
Good Hope. See Cape of Good Hope.
Good Woman River, small r. which falls into
the Missouri from the S. 190 m. above its mouth.
Good''s Island, isl. New-Holland in Torres str?dt,
Lon. 142° 10' E. Lat. 10° 32' S.
Goodingary, t. India, in Tinnevelly, on the sea
coast, opposite Ceylon. Lon. 78° 3' E. Lat. iB^
20' N.
Goodwin Sands, a range of sand banks in the
English channel, off the coast of Kent. They ex
tend 10 miles from opposite Ramsgate to opposite
Kingsdown.
2S8
G O R
G O S
Gooduinsiille, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va.
GoolguTige, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 85° 38'
E. Lat, 24° 26' N.
Gootpiissera, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85° 10'
E. Lat. 27° V N.
Goomah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 20' E.
Lat. 24° 24' N.
Goomsur, t. Hind, at the N. W. extremity of the
Northern Circars. Lon. 84° 55' E. Lat. 19^
53' N.
Goomt)/, r. Hind, which falls into the Ganges
about 14 m. below Benares. It is navigable for
boats as high as Lucknow.
Goonee, r. Hind, in Sinde, which unites with
the Loonee, and the Indus.
Goor, range of lofty mountains in Persia, divid-
ing Khorassan from Cabul.
Goorackpoor, district, Hind, in Oude, on the
N. side of the Goora river, between 26° and
28° N. Lat. It was ceded in 1801 to the British.
Goorackpoor, the capital, is on the Boora Rapty
river. It is the residence of the civil establish-
ment of the district. Lon. 83° 22' E. Lat. 26°
45' N.
Goose creek, r. Va. which falls into the Potomac
1 m. S. E. Thorpe, in Fairfax co.
Goose Island, isl. in the river St. Lawrence,
about 12 m. below the island of Orleans.
Goose Island, small isl. off the S. coast of New-
Holland. Lon. 123° 9' 30" E. Lat. 34° 5' 23" S.
Gooseberry Island, and rocks, on the coast of
Cape Ann, Mass. which have occasioned the loss
of many vessels and lives.
Goose pcynd, or Strongs, p-v. Oglethorpe co.
Geo.
Gooseberry Islands, small islands, near the E.
coast of Newfoundland, 24 m. N. W. Cape Bona-
vista.
Gopamoio, t. Hind, in Oude, on the river Goom-
ty. Lon. 80° 25' E. Lat. 27° 29' N.
Goplo, lake, Prussian Poland, 22 miles long and
2 broad, 24 m. W. Brzesc.
Goppingen, t. Suabia, 20 m. N. W. Ulm, 22 E.
S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 4,300.
Goram, small isl. E. by N. from Banda. Lon.
1210 36'E. Lat. 3° 42' S.
Gorbals of Glasgow, v. Scotland, opposite Glas-
gow, on the Clyde.
GorbatoJ', t. Eu. Russia, 40 m. W. Niznei-Nov-
gorod.
Gorcafu, or Ghoorca, dist. Hind, in Nepaul.
Gorcah, the capital, is in lon. 84° 36' E. lat. 28°
25' N.
Gorcutn, or Gorinchen, fortified t. S. Holland,
on the Merwe, with a harbour, 12 m. E. Dort, 30
S. Amst«irdam.
Gordn, Punla, cape on the S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 82° 52' W.
Gordes, t. France, 9 m. N. E. of Cavaillon. Pop.
2,450.
Gordon, t. France, in Lot, 20 m. N. Cahors.
Lon. 1° 28' E. Lat. 44° 44' N. Pop. 3,700.
Gordon's Ferry, p-v. Hickman co. 'Ten.
G^ordonsviUe, p-v. Orange co. Va. Springhill
academy, a respectable institution, is 2 miles from
this place.
'Sore, Point, on the N. W. coast of America.
L,'.it. 49° 20' N.
Gore's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 172° 30'
W. Lat. 60° 40' N.
Goree, isl. Holland, ne^r the mo?jth nf the
Maesp.
Goree, or Goedereede, t. S. Holland, on the isl-
and of Goree, 6 m. VV. Helvoetsluys.
Goree, isl. Brazil, at the mouth of the Rio dos
Reyes Ma^os. Lat. 19° 10' S.
Goree, isl. or rather rock, off the coast of Africa,
a mile from the S. shore of the promontory which
forms Cape Verd. It is important as a military
position, and the French have made it the bul-
wark of their possessions in Africa. At the foot of
the rock is the town of Goree, c6ntaining abou«
5,000 inhabitants.
Gorey. See J^evborough.
Gorgona, small isl. in the Pacific, off the coast
of Peru. Lat. 3° 2' N.
Gorgona, Isola di, small isl. in the Tuscan sea.
30m.W.byS.Legliopn. Lon. 9° 23' E. Lat. 43*=
22' N.
Gorgona La. See Margaritta.
Gorgue, t. France, on the Lys, 12 m. W. Lille.
Pop. 3,000.
Gorham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 9 m. N.
W.Portland. Pop. 2,632.
Gorham, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 8 m. E. Canan-
daigua, 10 W. Geneva. Pop. 2,392.
Gorilz, or Gors, a circle of the new kingdom of
Illyria, in the Austrian empire. Extent, 974 sq.
miles. Pop. 116,000. Goritz, the capital, is on
the Isonzo, 20 m. N. N. W. Trieste. Lon. 13° 28'
45" E. Lat. 45° 57' 30" N. Pop. 9,000.
Goriiza, t. in the north of Greece, on the site of
the ancient Demetrias, 3 m. E. of the castle of
Volo.
Gorliiz, t. Prussian states, in Lusatia, on the
Neisse, noted for its woollen manufactures. It
contains 6 churches, 50 m. E. of Dresden, 68 N.
Prague. Lon. 15° 31' £. Lat. 51° 9' N. Pop.
8,500.
Gorochoviiz, t. Eu. Russia, 72 m. E. Vladimir.
Lon. 42° 34' E. Lat. 56° 10' N.
Gorodischtje, t. Eu. Russia, in Niznei-Novgorod.
Pop. 6,000.
Gorodischtje, t. Russia, on the Dnieper, 1 12 m.
S, E. Kiev. Lon. 32° 54' E. Lat. 49° N.
Gorodischtje t. Russia, 32 m. E. S. E. Penza.
Lon. 46° 34' E. Lat. 53° 20' N. Pop. 3,600.
Goron, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Mayenne.
Gorsa, a small isl. near the S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 81° 25' W.
Gort, V. Ireland, 16 m. S. S. E. Galway.
Gorzagna, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 13 m.
S. E. Alba. Lon. 8° 17' E. Lat. 44° 38' N.
Gorze, t. France, in Moselle, 7 m. S. W. Metz.
Lon. 6° HE. Lat. 49° 3' N.
Gosjield, t. Essex co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie.
Goshen, in Sac. Geog. a country of Egypt, in
which the Israelites dwelt 430 years. It com-
prised the E. part of Middle and Lower Egypt,
extending to Palestine and Arabia. It is also the
name of a town and country of Palestine, in the
hill-country of Judah.
Goshen, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 27 m. W. Concord.
Pop. 563.
Goshen, t. Addison co. Vt. 31 m. S. W. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 86.
Goshen, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 12 m. N. W.
Northampton, 112 W. Boston. Pop. 652.
Goshen, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 6 m. N. W. Litch-
field, 32 W. Hartford. Pop. 1,641. It is famous
for its cheese.
Goshen, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 20 m. W. West-
point, 63 N- New- York. Pop.3,l.J5. The courts
GOT
of the county are held alteruately here and at
Newburg. Goshen village is pleasantly situated,
and contains the court-house and jail, a bank, an
academy, and 2 or 3 printing ollices.
Goshen, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,273.
Goshen, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 ro. fr. Washing-
ton.
Goshen, p-t. Lincoln co. Geo. a little W. of Sa-
vannah Fiver.
Goshen, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. St.
Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 1,110.
Goshen, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Little Mi-
ami, 18 m. N. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 80.
Goshen, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Goshen^ t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, in which is
New-Philadelphia, the capital of the county.
Goshen, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
400.
Goshen, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. Pop. 1,725.
Goshen hill, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C.
Goslai; t. Hanover, in the principality of Hil-
desheim, on the Gosse, near tlie Ocker, and at the
foot of the mountain called Ramolsberg. The in-
habitants are chiefly Lutherans, and their chief
employment is mining and brewing. It was lor-
merly a free imperial town, 28 m. S. Brunswick,
25 S. Wolfenbuttel. Lon, 10^ 31' E. Lat. 51°53'
N. Pop. 5,700.
Gosport, t. Eng. in Hampshire, on a projecting
point of land at the W. side of the entrance to
Portsmouth harbour. Being in the immediate vi-
cinity of the great naval rendezvous of the king-
dom, it has risen to be a town of importance. Nu-
merous government works have been established
here for supplying the wants of the navy, exten-
sive barracks also for the accommodation of the
military. Here are immense magazines of pow-
der, an extensive iron foundery for the manufac-
ture of anchors ; and Haslar royal hospital for
sick and wounded seamen, a magnificent building,
capable of accommodating 2,000 patients. There
is a missionary seminary at Gosport, in which
many of the missionaries of the London society
are educated. The number of students in 1819
was 21. Pop. 7,788. 1 mile N. W. Portsmouth.
Lon. 1° r W. Lat. 50° 47' N.
Gosport, t N. H. See Isles of Shoals.
Gossau, t. Switz. 7 m. W. St. Gall.
Gosselies, v. Netherlands, in Hainault, 6 m. N.
Charleroi.
Gostadl, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, 8 m. S. 'Wol-
kenstein. Lon. 13° 2' E. Lat. 50° 26' N.
Gostinin, t. Poland, 14 m. S. W. Plock.
Goiha, t. Germany, cap. of the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha, is on the Leine. In the castle where the
duke resides, is deposited a valuable library, con-
taining 60,000 printed volumes. Here is also an
arsenal and an extensive cabinet of natural histo-
ry, artificial curiosities, and medals. Attached to
this cabinet is a numesmatic library, containing
upwards of 6,000 scarce and valuable works on
coins. A considerable traffic takes place between
Leipzic and the rest of Germany through the me-
dium of this town; 31 m. W. Weimar, 78 W. S.
W. Leipzic. Lon. 10° 42' 53" E. Lat. 50° 57" N.
Pop. 11,500.
Gotha, Saxe, a duchy of Germany, composed of
the principality of Gotha, the greatest part of the
principality of Altenburg, and a part of the former
county of Henneberg. It contains 1,200 sq. miles,
and 185,682 inhabitants. The form of government
is by no means absolute. The executive power
ro«l«; with the dulrr imd his priyv conncil, but a
37
GOT S«9
diet is held once in four years, consisting oj" depu-
ties from the landed proprietors and inhabitants of
towns. This state is one of the members of the
Germanic confederation, and has a vote at the di-
et of Frankfort. The inhabitants are in general
Lutherans.
Gotha-Elf, r. in the S. W. of Sweden, which
forms the outlet of Lake Wener, and falls into the
Cattegat by two mouths near Gottenburg. It has
been made navigable by locks and canals to Lake
Wener, and it is the intention of the Swedish gov-
ernment to prolong this line of navigation by the
Wetter and other lakes, and thereby form a di-
rect communication between the German ocean
and the Baltic, passing through the centre of the
kingdom. Clara Elf is the name of a river which
falls into Lake Wener on the N. side.
Goihland, formerly the name oi' the southern
and most fertile division of Sweden, comprising
nearly all the country below tiie parallel of 59°
N. lat. It was divided into East, West and South
Gothland. It has been recently divided into prov-
inces. Its extent was about 40,000 sq. miles.
Pop. 1,500,000.
Gothland, or Gottland, isl. of the Baltic, near
tlie S. E. coast of Sweden, and belonging to that
crown. It produces corn, and has excellent pas-
turage. Here are also extensive woods of oak
and pine. The fisheries on the coast are produc-
tive, and prosecuted with activity. Pop. 33,000.
Wisby is the capital. Lon. 18° 6' to 19° 6' E.
Lat. 56° 54' to 57° 56' N.
Gotta, or Gotto Islands, islands near Japan. Lat.
32° 34' 50'' N. Lon. 231° 16' E.
Gotlalengo, t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. S. Brescia.
Gottenburg, a large and thriving t. in the S. W.
of Sweden, near the mouth of the Gotha-Elf, in a
marshy plain, surrounded by precipitous ridges of
naked rocks. The harbour is the most conven-
iently situated for foreign trade in Sweden. As
a commercial and manufacturing town, Gotten-
burg ranks next to Stockholm. It is the seat
of the Swedish East India company, which was
erected in 1731, and has the exclusive privilege
of importing East India commodities into the king-
dom. The fortifications of the town have been
lately demolished ; 40 m. S. of Uddevalla. Lon.
11° 57' E. Lat. 57° 42' N. Pop. 24,000.
Gollesberg, t. Silesia, 26 m. N. W. Glatz. Lon.
15° 54' E. Lat. 50° 35' N. Pop. 2,100.
Gotlesgal, t. Bohemia, 24 m. N. N. E. Elnbogen.
Lon. 12° 54'= E. Lat. 50° 22' N.
Gottingen, a province in the south of Hanover,
bounded by Brunswick, Hildesheim, the Prussian
states, and Hesse-Cassel. It was constituted a
province in 1816, and includes several distinct
tracts of country, viz. the quarter of Gottingen,
the principality of Grubenhagen, Elbingeroda,
Hohenstein, the bailiwicks of Plesse, and Gleichen,
with the small portion of the Eichsfeld, ceded by
Prussia. Extent, 1,225 sq. miles. Pop. 176,000,
chiefly Lutherans.
Gottingen, t. Hanover, and cap. of the province
of Gottingen. It stands in a pleasant valley on a
canal branching from the Leine. Its chief title to
notice arises from its celebrated university founded
by George II. in 1734. It is on a very comprehen-
sive plan, embracing the four faculties of divini-
ty, philosophy, law and medicine. The number
of professors is not fixed^ but in general exceeds
40. In 1818 they were as follow :— 3 of Theolo-
gy; 7 of medicine, surgery, chemistry and bota-
ny ; 7 of law. viz. Romixn, German, ecclesias-
290
GOV
G R A
ical, &c, ; 5 of Classics and Oriental languages ;
4 of history, ancient and modern, statistics and
history of literature ; 2 of mathematics, logic and
metaphysics ; 4 of astronomy, experimental phi-
losophy, and mineralogy; 3 of modern languages
and literature. These are the regular and daily
lecturers, but there are also 7 professors who give
extraordinary lectures. There is a class for po-
titical economy ; and for theology there are, in
addition to the 3 chairs, a seminary for preachers,
a pastoral institute, and a divinity college. In
1751, an academy of sciences was established here,
to which the scientific world is indebted for many
valuable improvements and discoveries. It was
re-organised in 1770, and now consists ol J class,**,
the mathematical, physical, and historical. Tbv^
professors, as in the other German universities,
are much in the habit of publishing : Moshcim,
Michaelis, Heynes, Burger, were all of Gottin-
gen; also Eichhorn, so well known for his history
of literature, Blumenbach and Villers. The num-
ber pf students here is greater tlian in any other
Gerinan university. It varies from 1 ,0D0 to 1,200.
Attached to the university are 1 40 bursaries, or
free boards for the poorer students. But the great
attraction of the university is its library, founded
by George II. and consisting in a larger proportion
than the great repositories of England or France,
of modern and useful books. The number of vol-
umes amounts to about 200,000. This library has
two catalogues, one alphabetical, the other class-
ed ; both are in manuscript, and the latter is a
compilation of great labour and extent. The reg-
ular funds for the purchatse of books are about
800Z sterling a year. Gottingen is the occasion-
al resort of young Englishmen, and no place is
better adapted for the purpose of education.
There are in Gottingen four Lutheran and two
Calvinist churches ; also a Catholic chapel. A
serious difference took place between the students
and the inhabitants of the town in October 181B ;
the Hanoverian government took part with the
latter, and though some diminution took place in
the number of students, it was considered as only
temporary ; 21 m. N. E. Cassel, and 51° E. S. E.
Paderborn. Lou. 9° 55' 15" E. Lat. Sl° 31' 54" N.
Pop. 9,500.
Gottingen, s-p. Sweden, on the borders of West
Gothland, 28 m. S. W. Stockliolm, and 164 N.
Copenhagen. ^
Goitliehcn, t. Switz, on the Rhine, where that
river enters the lake of Constance, 3 m. S. W.
Constance.
Golto, country, Central Africa, S. of the Ni-
ger, between Bambarra and Tombuctoo. The
capital is Moossedoo.
Gottorp, castle, Denmark, on an island in the
river Slcy, 2 m. N. W. Sleswick.
Govan, parish, Scotland. It includes the sub-
urbs of Glasgow. Pop. in 1801, 6,701; in 1811,
11,581. — The village of Govan is on the S. bank
of the Clyde, 2i m. below Glasgow.
Gouda, or Ter Gouw, t. South Holland, on the
^ssel. It has large manufactures, partly of porce-
lain, but more of tobacco pipes. These employ
more than one-third of its population. It has also
a commodious port on the Issel, and a brisk trade.
The church of St. John tlie Baptist, at Gouda, is
one of the handsomest and largest in the country.
9 m. N. E. Bottcrdam, 22 S. Amsterdam. Lon. 4*^
42' E. Lat. 51° 59' N. Pop. 12,000.
Goveniador, r. J-lorida. which runs into Porr'a-
cola bay. Lorv 87® 4' W. Lat. 30* 3?i' N.
Govcrnoh, t. Austrian Italy, en the Mincio, 12
ra. S. E. Mantua.
Governor'' s Island, small isl. Mass. 2 m. E. Bos-
ton. On this island is Fort Warren, which defends
the entrance of the harbor.
Gouffre, Riviere dii, considerable r. Lower Can-
ada, which falls int6 the St. Lawrence from the
N. in St. Paul's bay.
Gour, or Gaur, or Lucknowty, a very ancient
Hindoo city, and from 1204 to 1564, A. D. the
cap. of Bengal, under the Afghan dynasties. The
ruins of this celebrated place still exist to the S.
of Malda, and on the E. side of the Ganges. It
has been supposed to be the Gangia Regio of Ptol-
emy, and the space covered by its ruins is 15 miles
long, and from 2 to 3 broad. Lon. 88-^ E. Lat.
24° 5.5' N.
Gourdon. See Gordon.
Gourin, t. France, 26 m. W. N. W. Pontivy.
Pop. 3,700.
Gournayy t. France, 24 m, E. Rouen. Pop.
2,550.
Gourock, t. Scotland, in Renfrew, on the frith
of Clyde, 3 m. W. Greenock.
Gouverntur, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 20 m. S.
Ogdensburg, 192 N. W. Albany. Pop. 223.
Gower. See Glamorgan.
Goiver, t. Grenville co. Up. Canada.
Gower'' s Harbor, called also Praslin bay, and
St. George's bay. New Ireland, 5 m. N. cape St.
George. Lon.' 150° 40' E. Lat. 4° 50' S.
Gower'' s Island, or Inattendue, isl. in the East-
ern seas. Lon. 158^ 56' E. Lat. 7° 56' S.
Gowhatty, t. and cap. of Lower Assam. Lon.
91° 46' E. Lat. 26° 10' N.
Goyana. See Goiana.
Goz, or Gozen, s-p. Morocco, near Mogodor.
Gozan, in Sac. Geog. country, in the N. part of
Mesopotamia.
Gvzso, isl. in the Mediterranean, a little N. W.
of Malta, to which it belongs. Extent, 37 sq.
miles. Pop. 13,000.
Gozzo, or Gafda, (an. Clauda,) isl. near Can-
dia. Lon. 23° 46' E. Lat. 34° 48' N.
Graaf Reytiel, the most eastern district in the
territory of the Cape of Good Hope, extending
from Stellenbosch and Drakenstein toKaffreland,
Extent, 40,000 sq. miles. Pop. 4,262 Christians.
964 slaves, and 8,947 Hottentots.
Griiben. See Dettenheim.
Grahow, t. Mecklenberg-Schwerin, on the small
river Elde, 70 m. E. by S. Hamburgh. Lon. 11°
44' E. Lat. 53° 23' N. Pop. 2,350.
Grabusa, small isl. in the Mediterranean, about
5 m. from the N. W. point of Candia. Lon. 23*
33' E. Lat. 35° 40' N.
Graceham, p-v. Fi'ederick co. Md.
Grach, v. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the Moselle, 23 m. N. Treves.
Gracias a Dios, city, of Honduras, 140 m. E.
Guatimala. Lon. 90° 6' W. Lat. 14° 30^ N.
Gracias a Dios, Cape, on the coast of Hondu-
ras. Lon. 82° 48' W. Lat. 15° N.
Gradiska, Old, t. Austrian empire, in Solavo-
nia, at tiie confluence of the Struga and the Save,
9 m. N. E. Berbir.
Gradiska, or Berbir, strong fort, Eu. Turkey,
at the junction of the Virbas with the Save, op-
posite Old Gradiska, 22 m. N. E. Banjaluka.
Grade, isl. in the gulf of Venice, on the coast of
Friuli, 19 m. W. Trieste.
Grafton, Cape, cape, on the co:u==l of New Hoi-
lcm<i Lon. 214° 6' W. Lat. lfi° .ST' S.
G R A
G R A
291
Graflon, co. N . H. bounded N. by Coos co. E.
by Straflbrd co. S. by Cheshire and Hillsborough
counties, and W. by Connecticut river which
separates it from Vermont. Pop. 28,462. Chief
towns, Haverhill, and Plymouth.
Graflon, t. Grafton co. N. H. 30 m. N. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 931.
Grafton, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 22 m. 8. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,365.
Grafton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. S. E.
Worcester. Pop. 946.
Graflon, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 17 m. N. E.
Albany, 11 E. Troy. Pop. 1,410.
Grafton Isla?id, llie most northerly of the Ba-
sliee islands. Lon. 239° W. Lat. 21° 4' N.
Gragnana, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra,
13 m. \V. by N. Salerno. Pop. 5,100.
Grahamston, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire.
Graham- s store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Grajcro Point, the W. point at the entrance of
Todos Santos, ou the N. W^ coast of America.
Lat. 3P 43' N.
Grain Coast. See Guinea.
Graine, Isle of, small isl. Eng. at the mouth
of the Thames, 2 m. N. W. Sheerness.
Graisse, Rivc-r a la, small r. Up. Canada, which
falls into the Grand or Ottawa river, just before
the latter falls into the St. Lawrence.
Graitney, or Gretna Green, v. Scotland, near
the English frontier, famous in the annals of mat-
rimonial adventure for the marriage of fugitive
lovers from England, which are generally cele-
brated here. Pop. 1,749.
Graitz, Greitz, or Greicitz, t. Saxony, on the
Elster, 10 m. N. N. E. Plauen, 12 S. W.Zwickau.
Lon. 12° 10' E. Lat. 50° 35' N. Pop. 6,200.
Gramat, t. France, 20 m. E. by N. Gordon.
Grambousa, small isl. Asia Minor, E. of Cape
Khelidonia. Lon. 30° W E. Lat. 36° 14' N.
Grammont, or Geersberghe, t. Netherlands, on
the Dender, 21 m. W. S. W^. Brussels. Pop.
6,000.
Grampian Mountains, a chain of mountains in
Scotland, which, stretching like a mighty wall,
along the southern front of the highlands, extends
across the island from Argyleshire on the Atlantic,
to Aberdeenshire, on the German ocean; and
then forming another ridge in a N. W. direction,
extends to the county of Moray, and the borders
»f Inverness.
Grampound, t. and borough, Eng. in Cornwall.
It sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. 600. 37
S. W. Launceston.
Gran, co. Hungary. Extent, 406 sq. miles. Pop.
47,000. Gran, or Esztergom, the capital, is at
the conflux of the Danube and the Gran. Pop.
6,000. It is the seat of an archbishop, who is
primate of Hungary. 30 m. N. W. Buda, 75 S.
E. Presburg. Lon. 18° 50' E. Lat. 47° 40' N.
Gran, r. Hungary, which rises in the palatinate
of Gomer, and flows into the Danube, opposite
Gran.
Gran Sasso, mt. Naples, the highest of the Ap-
peniues. Its elevation is 8,250 feet.
Granada, an extensive maritime province, in
the S. of Spain, nearly 200 miles long, and from
40 to 70 broad. It still bears the title of a king-
dom, and is sometimes called Upper Andalusia.
The Viga de Granada, where the capital is situ-
ated, is one of the richest and most delightful
spofs in the world. There are Martello towers
erected on certain parts of the coast, as a defence
•against tlie Barbary corsairs. Pop. 661 ,66 1.
Granada, a celebrated city, Spain, cap. of the
province of Granada. The situation is highly ro-
mantic, partly on hills, partly on level ground. The
streets are narrow and irregular, and the buildings
display visible marks of decay. Ti>e cathedral, and
the archbishop's palace, are splendid buildings.
But the grand ornament of Granada is the Al-
hambra, the palace of the ancient Moorish kings •
the building-s are very extensive, and form more
properly a citadel than a palace. — Granada fell
into the possession of the Moot's, soon after their
first invasion of Spain in 711 ; it became a royal
residence in 1013, attained its greatest prosperity
in the 12th and 13th centuries, and finally surren-
dered to the Spaniards in 1492. The manufactures
are silk and woollen goods, leather, saltpetre, and
gimpowder. Granada is the seat of a great cen-
tral court of justice for the south of Spain, and ol
a university. 123 m. E. Seville, 224 S. Malaga.
Lon. 3° 46' E. Lat. 37° 16' N. Pop. 52,000.
Granada, city, Nicaragua, 48 m. 3. S. E. Leoa.
Lon. 87° 46' W. Lat. 10° 12' N.
Granard, t. Ireland, in Longford, 11 m. N. E.
Longford.
Granby, t. Bedford and Richelieu countie?,
Lower Canada.
Granby, t. Essex co. Vl. 47 m. N. E. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 120.
Granby, t. Hampshire cx). Maisg. 9 m. S. E.
Northampton, 90 W. Boston. Pop. 850.
Granby, p-t Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. N. N. W.
Hartford. Pop. 2,696. A copper mine was for-
merly wrought here. It is now used for the State
prison, called Newgate.
Granby, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Oswego river.
Granby, p-t. Lexington co. S. C. at the head ol
navigation on the Congaree, 2 m. below Columbia
At this place, a bridge is thrown across the river.
Grand Anse, or Jeremie, L Ilispaniola. Lon.
74° 5' W. Lat. 18° 15' N.
Grand Bassam, t. Ivory coast of Guinea. Lon,
4° 15' W. Lat. 5° 25' N.
Grand Bay, on the S. W, coast of Newfound-
land, a little S. of Cape Ray,
Grand-Bourg-Salagnac, t. France, in La
Creuse, 14 m. W. Gueret. Pop. 2,600,
Grand Champ, t. France, 8 m. N. N. W. Vali-
nes. Pop. 4,150.
Grandfathers, mountains, in the S. E. part of
Tennessee, in which are the head waters of the
Frenchbroad and Catabaw rivers.
Grand isle, co. Vt. comprises the peninsula of
Alburg, and several islands in lake Champlaiii,
Pop. 3,445. Chief town, North-hero.
Grand Isle, isl. at the E. end of lake Ontario,
opposite to Kingston, (Up. Canada,).
Grand Isle, large isl. N. Y. in Niagt^ra river. It
commences 3 m. below Black Rock, and termi-
nates li alxtve the falls. It is 12 miles long, and
from 2 to 7 broad, and contains 48,000 acres. The
land is well wooded, and capable of cultivation.
This island is the property of the State, and con-
stitutes part of the fund for defraying tlie expenses
of the Canal.
Grand, or Chilnucook Lake, Maine, the source
of St. Croix river. It is 30 miles long, and about
5 broad.
Grand Luce, t, France, in Sarthe, 11 m. N.
Chateau du Loir.
Grand Manan, isl. off" the coast of Maine, 6 m,
S. E. Campo Bello island, and opposite to Passama-
quoddy bay. Lon. 66° 43' W. Lat. 44° 48' N.
Gravdnn. .See Fnirporf
0 R A
Gratvdpre, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on Lake St. Peter, 18 m. W. Three-Riv-
ei-s.
Grand, or Geauga river, r. Ohio, which runs into
Lake Erie 3 m. below Fainesville.
Grand river,Y. Michigan Territory, which enters
the E. side of Lake Michigan. Its mouth is said
to afford a good harbour.
Grand river, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Grand river, r. N. America, wliich flows into
the Missouri from the N. 240 m. from its mouth.
It is navigable for boats 600 miles.
Grand river. See Ovse.
Grand river. See Ottavas.
le Grand Ruisseau, small r. Lower Canada
which falls into the St. Lawrence, about 40 m. be-
low the island of Orleans.
Grand sable, an immense hill of sand, very
steep and lofty, extending several miles along the
S. shore of Lake Superior.
Grand traverse, islands in Lake Michigan, ex-
tending across the mouth of Green Bay. They
afford some tolerable harbours. Several of the
channels between them have sufficient depth o
water to admit schooners of 200 tons burthen.
Grand view,t. Washington co. Ohio, 15 m. N. E.
Marietta. Pop. 4G3.
Grandvillc, p-v. Monongalia co. Va.
Grande, Rio, r. Brazil, which falls into the sea
in lat. 16"= 20' S. near Porto Seguro.
Grande, r. Zanguebar, E. Africa, which falls
into the Indian ocean, about lat. 2° S.
Grande Marais, r. N. W. Territory, which falls
into Lake Superior on the S. shore, E. of the pen-
insula of Shagomigon.
Grande Rio, r, W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic
20O m. S. of the Gambia, in lat. 1 1° N. Length
500 miles.
Grandlieu, t. France, 11 m. S. W. Nantes. Pop.
2,100.
Grandola, t. Portugal, 27 m. S. E. Setuval.
Grandvilliers, t. Picardy, 17 m. N. N. W. Beau-
Tais. Lon. 2° 2' E. Lat. 49° 39' N.
Grange, La, cape on the N. coast of Hispanio-
la, 14 leagues E. by N. Cape Francois. Lon. 72°
30' W. Lat. 19° 54' 30" N.
Grangemnuih, v. Scotland, in Stirling. Its port
is frequented by vessels from the Baltic, Norway,
and Sweden. 3 m. E. by N. Falkirk. Pop. 800.
Changer, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 12 m. S. E.
Hudson. Pop. 2,614.
Granger, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch river,
which separates it from Clairborne co. Pop, 6,397.
Slaves, 537. Chief town, Rutledge.
Granger, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on T^ake Erie,
at the mouth of Rocky river, 7 m. W. Cleve-
land.
Granja, La. See St. Ildefonso.
Granitza, t. Eu. Turkey," between Livadia and
Thebes.
Granmee, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg, 34
ra. N.N. W.Berlin.
Granson, or Gransee, t. Swiss canton of the
Vaud, on the lake of Neufchatel, 6 m. S. W. Neuf-
chatel. Pop. 2, 150.
Grant, co. Kentucliy.
Granta, r. Eng. which unites above Cambridge
with a strejun from Bedfordshire, to form the
Cam.
Grantham, t. and borough, Eng. in Lincolnshire,
AH the Witham, 30 m. S. Lincoln, 110 N.by W,
London. Lon. 0^ 38' W. Lat. 32° 55' N. Pop,
3,646.
G R A
Grftntham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on St. Francis river, 25 m. S. Three-Rivers.
Grant/tarn, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Ontario.
Graiitovm, v, Scotland, in Morayshire, on the
great road to Inverness, 30i m. S. E. Fort George,
Grantdick, p-v. Campbell co. Ken.
Grantsville. p-v. Green co. Geo,
Granville, s-p. France, in La Manche, 12 m, N.
W. Avranche?, 13 S. S. W. Coutances, Lon, 1°
35' W, Lat. 48° 50' N. Pop. 5,500.
Granville, t. Annapolis co. Nova Scotia, on the
bay of Fundy at the mouth of Annapolis river,
Granville, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 80 m»
N. E. Quebec.
Granville, and Lachenaye, seigiiioiy, Cornwal-
lis CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St.
Lawrence, 87 m. N. E. Quebec.
Granville, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. S.
W. Springfield. Pop. 1,504.
Granville, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. S. E.
Whitehall, 60 N. E. Albany. Pop. 3,717, It
contains 3 villages, an academy, and 5 churches.
It is watered by Pawlet and Indian rivers, on
which are many mills. In this town is a quarry
of good marble.
Granville, p-t. Licking co, Ohio, 27 m, N. E.
Columbus, 32 W, Zanesville. Lon, 80° 45' W.
Lat. 40'' 5' N. It has a bank. Here is also a furnace.
Granville mills^, p-v. Charles city co. Va.
Grao, s-p. Spain, at the mouth of the Guadal-
aviar. It is the port of V^alencia.
Graselits, t. Bohemia, 19 m. N. E. Eger. Lon.
12° 30' E. Lat. 50° 18' N.
Grass, r. St. Lawrence, co. N. Y.which runs in-
to the St. Lawrence, opposite St. Regis island, af-
ter a course of 125 miles. In Canton, it is connec-
ted by a natural canal with the Oswegatchie.
Grasse, t. France, in Var, 19 m. W. S. W, Nice.
Lon. 6" 55' E. Lat. 43° 39' N. Pop. 12,500.
Grasty^s store, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Gratiosa, isl. one of the Azores, about 20 miles
in circumference. The chief town is Santa Cruz.
Lon. 27° 56' W. Lat. 39° 2' N.
Gratiot. See Fort Gratiot.
Gratis, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Gratz, city, Germany, Inner Austria, in the
circle of Gratz, on the Muhr. It is the see of a
bishop, and was formerly the seat of a university.
It has 22 churches and chapels. 56 m. N. N. E.
Cilley, 100 S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 26' E. Lat.
47° 4' N. Pop. 40,000.
Gratz, one of the circles into which the duchy
of Styria was divided. It comprises the north-
ern part of Lower Styria, lying on both sides of the
Muhr. Extent, 2,100 square miles. Pop. 295,000.
Gratz, t. Bohemia, 94 m. S. Prague. Lon. 14°
43' E. Lat. 48° 47' N.
Gratz, t. Austrian Silesia, on the Mora, 4 m. S.
Troppau.
Graudenfz, or Grudziadz, t. W. Prussia, at the
confluence of tlie Vistula and the Ossa, 14 m. N.
N. E. Culm, 55 S. Dautzic. Lon. 15° 47' E. Lat.
56° 18' N. Pop. 6,700.
Grave, t. Netherlands, on the Maese, 9 m. S. by
W. Nimeguen,
Grave creek, p-v. Ohio co, Va. on the Ohio, 12
m. below Wheeling,
Gravelines, t. France, dep. of the North, on the
Aa, near the sea, 9 m. W. S. W. Dunkirk, 39
N, W. Lille. Lon. 2° V 50'^ E. Lat. 50° 59' 10"
N. Pop. 2,800.
G R E
G R E
293
Gravmmachern,] t. Netherlands, at the conflu-
ence of the Moselle and the Sure, 12 m, S. W. Tre-
ves, 15 E. N. E. Luxemburg.
Gravesande, place in South Holland, 11 m. S.
Hague.
Gravesend, t. Eng. in Kent, on the S. side of the
Thames, near its mouth. It forms the avenue to
the port of London. Here every outward bound
vessel must anchor, to be examined and obtain its
clearance, and every inward bound vessel must
receive on board the custom-houseofficers, a num-
ber of whom are here constantly stationed for the
purpose. Outward bound ships are here supplied
witli live and dead stock, and vegetables. 21 i m.
E. London, 7 W. Rochester. Lon. 3° 22' E. Lat.
51°26'N. Pop. 3,119.
Gravesejid, t. Kings co. Long-Island, N. Y. on
the sea coast, 4 m. S. Flatbush, 9i S. New-York.
Pop. 520. Gravesend beach is a frequent resort
for parties of pleasure from the city.
Gravina, t. Naples, in Bari. It is a bishop's see.
Pop. 8,800. 10 m. W. Matera, 27 S. Trani. Lon.
16° 31' E. Lat. 40=^ 54' N.
Gravina' s Islands, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 54° 52' to 55<= 27' N.
Gravosa. See 67. Croix.
Gray, t. France, cap. of Upper Saone, 28 m. N.
E. Dijon. Lon. 5° 36' 48" E. Lat. 47° 29' 52" N.
Pop. 5,000.
Gray, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 20 m. N.
Portland. Pop. 1,310.
Gray's Bay, bay on the N. side of the river Co-
lumbia, on the N. W. coastof America. Lat. 46°
19' N.
Gray's Harbour, bay on the N. W. coast of A-
merica. Lat. 47° N.
Grayson, co. Va. inclosed by Washington,
Wythe, Montgomerj', and Patrick counties, and
North-Carolina. Pop. 4,941. Slaves, 270. Chief
town, Greenville. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Grayson, co.Ken. Pop. 2,301. Slaves, 103.
Grazakma, t. Spain, in Granada, 8 m. W. Ron-
da. Pop. 3,000.
Great Jlustralasian Bight, an immense bay,
formed by the S. coast of New Holland. The head
of this bight is in lon. 131° 10' E. lat. 31° 29' S.
Great Barrington. See Barrington, Great.
Great Bay, N. H. the W. branch of the Piscat-
aqua. It receives Exeter and Lamprey rivers,
and unites with the main branch of the Piscataqua
at Hilton's point, 5 m. above Portsmouth.
Great bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va.
Great crossings, p-v. Scott co. Ken.
Great Island, isl. Ireland, in Cork harbour.
Great Island, isl. in Bass's strait, between New
Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 48° E.
Lat. 40° S.
Great Island. See .Yew Castle, N. H.
Great mills, p-v. St. Mary's co. Md.
Great works, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which
flows into the E. side of the Penobscot, 2 m. below
the great falls, 10 above tide water.
Grebna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, 50 m. N.
by E. Joannina, 56 S. W. Salonica.
Greece, a name applied to that part of Europe
inhabited by the descendants of the ancient
Greeks. The continental part embracing that
portion of Turkey, which lies south of the parallel
of 41° 30', is a peninsula, jutting out into the Med-
iterranean, and separated by the Ionian sea from
the peninsula of Italy on the west, and by the
Archipelago, from Asia Minor on the east. In the
former sea are situated the Seven Islands, consti-
tuting the Ionian republic ; in the latter, about
100 islands of various size. AIL these may
strictly be considered as a component part of
Greece. Near the southern extremity of the
peninsula, is the sub-peninsula of the Morea, (the
ancient Peloponnesus,) connected with the main
land by the narrow isthmus of Corinth. The
whole extent of Greece is estimated at 40,000 sq.
miles ; and the population at 4,000,000, of which
number 3,000,000 are Greeks, and the rest, Turks,
Jews, &c.
Down the middle of the peninsula, and parallel
to its two coasts, runs a continuous range of lofty
mountains, varying in height from 7 to 8,000 feet
in the northern and central part, to as many hun-
dred near the southern extremity. Of the former
height may be reckoned the ridge of Pindus and
Parnassus, while Panics, Pentelicus, and Hymet-
tus, in Attica, do not exceed the latter. Branches
are thrown off towards either coast from this cen-
tral chain ; to the eastward, tlie celebrated Olym-
pus, rising near the head of the gull' of Salonica, to
the height of 6,000 feet, forms the north extremity
of an inferior chain, consisting of Ossaand Pelion,
(Eta and Othrys, and continuing in a S. E. direc-
tion through the island of Negropont. To the
westward of the main range are the rugged and
mountainous countries of Epirus, ^tolia, and
Acharnania. The highest mountains of the Mo-
rea are the Cyllenian range, near the west coast,
and the Taygetus near the S. extremity. Exten-
sive plains of considerable elevation above thft
level of the sea, are encircled by the mountain
ranges. Of these, Thessaly, Boeotia, and Arca-
dia, still preserve their ancient character. The
rivers by which these plains are watered are lit-
tle more than mountain streams, with the excep-
tion of Peneus, or Salympria, whose numerous
branches, after intersecting the plain of Thessaly,
unite and discharge themselves through the cele-
brated defile of Tempe into the gulf of Salonica,
and the Alpheus, which waters the verdant plaim
of Arcadia and Elis.
The climate of Greece is more severe in winter,
and "in many parts warmer in summer, than that
of the South of Italy. On the elevated plains of
the Morea, snow sometimes covers the plain of
Tripolitza, to the depth of 18 inches. In the lower
region of Attica, the atmosphere is more mode-
rate and equable than in most other parts of
Greece, the air being generally clear, dry, and
temperate. — The general produce of the plains of
Greece is wheat, barley, rice, maize, millet, and
tobacco. In Boeotia, the soil is very rich. On
the plains of Thessaly, are cultivated extensive
groves of mulberry-trees, for the silk worm. The
Morea is celebrated for the excellence of its silks,
and all the accounts given by the ancient Greeks,
of the fertility of Messenia, in the S. W. corner of
the Morea, are realized at this day in every spe-
cies of produce, more especially in corn, wine,
and figs. The richest produce of Attica, is the ol-
ive. Hymettus has from time immemorial been
celebrated for the excellence of its honey. It is
still in such esteem that presents of it are annually
sent to Constantinople. The cotton plant is in
general cultivation. The sea-coa^t abounds with
a great variety of of excellent fish, but the inhab-
itants are very inexpert fishermen. The nume>
rous gulfs, creeks, bays, and harbours, with which
Greece is indented, afford both convenience and
security for shipping, and the disposition of the
modern Greeks for active and enterprising exer-
294
G R E
tioh, gives them a strong bias towards commercial
pursuits. There are many wealthy Greek mer-
chants on the continent and among the islands.
The Mainiotes, at the southern extremity of tlie
Morea, were daring and resolute freebooters, but
their piracies of late years have been greatly
checked by habits of industry, and an increasing
commerce.
Much has been said of late in Europe of the res-
toration of ancient Greece, and the Greeks
themselves have begun to direct their attention to
literary pursuits. The progress made in the last
thirty years, in the ancient Greek language, and
in general literature, is very considerable ; and in
the same period, the Romaic, or modern Greek,
has made approaches towards the Hellenic. That
language, in its worst state, bears about the same
relation to the ancient Greek, as the old Italian to
the Latin. The Hellenic language is now exten-
sively cultivated botli in and out of Greece. With
their literary improvement, the desire for the res-
toration of their independence has been increas-
ed, and among the higher class of citizens, there
prevails a very acute feeling, at their present de-
graded state, and a degree of enthusiasm and ven-
eration for their ancient heroes, poets, philoso-
phers, and statesmen, which would do honour to
any nation.
Greeih, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,497.
Green, co. in the S. W. part of Ohio. Pop. in
1815,8,080. Chief town, Xenia.
Green, t. Adams co. Ohio.
Green, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 670.
Green, t. Chnton co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Wilmington.
Green, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Green, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Green, L Gallia co. Ohio, 3m. W. Gallipolis.
Green, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 5 m. N. E. Cadiz.
Green, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Green, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m. N.
ChiUicothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,300.
Green, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 m. S.
E. Portsmouth.
Green, p-t. Stark co. Ohio.
Green, t Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E. War-
ren.
Green, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 4 m. N. E. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819, 300.
Green Bank, bank off Newfoundland, 129 miles
long and 48 wide. Lon. oS"^ 30' to. 57° 50' W.
Lat.45°30'to46°50'N.
Green bay, or Bay Piian, a large bay on the W.
side of Lake Michigan. It extends from the north
end of the Lake 90 miles, in a S. W. direction, and
is 15 or 20 miles wide. Across its entrance is a
chain of islands, called the Grand traverse, which
shelters the bay from the winds that often blow
with violence across the Lake. Several of the
channels between them are of sufficient depth to
admit vessels of 200 tons burthen, which traverse
the bay and ascend Fox river several miles. Green
bay abounds with fish, particularly sturgeon and
white fish. It has several small bays, the principal
of which is Sturgeon's bay. The principal rivers
which it receives, are Fox and Menominy.
Green bay, settlement, Michigan Territory, on
Fox river, 1^ m. above its entrance into Green
bay. 184 m. S. W. Mackinaw, 220 N. Chicago,
360 E. Prairie du Chien, by Fox and Ouisconsin
rivers. Lon. 87° 58' W. Lat. 45° N. It extends
along both sides of the river about 4 miles. Here
are about 80 families,the descendants of the French
Jesuits, who settled here in 1700 ; but by intermar-
G RE
riages willi the Indians, they have now became.,
almost without exception, of mixed blood. The
country around this settlement is at present chiefly
occupied by the Menominy Indians. It hasahealth-
ful and sufficiently mild climate,a fertile soil, water-
ed by numerous rivers, and its position between the
great Lakes and the Mississippi, renders it a very
eligible place for settlement. See Fort Howard.
Green briar, r- Va. which falls into the E. side of
the Kenhaway, at the place where it breaks
through the Laurel ridge, opposite the mouth of
New river. Lat. 38° N.
Green briar, co. Va. on Green briar river. Pop.
5,914. Slaves, 494. Chief town, Lewisburg.
Greenbush, p-t, Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, opposite Albany. Pop. 4,458. The. U.
States barracks in this town, are situated about a
mile from the river, and are in full view from Al-
bany.
Greeneastle, p-t. Franklin co. Pa.
Gretncastle, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
Lancaster, 18 S. E. Columbus.
Greene, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, on the An-
droscoggin, 24m. S. W. Augusta, 39 N.Portland.
Pop. 1,277.
Greene, co. N. Y. on the E. bank of the Hudson^
and on its other sides inclosed by Albany, Scho-
harie, Delaware, and Ulster counties. Pop.
19,536. Chief town, Catskill.
Greene, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. S. W.
Norwich, 120 W. S. VV; Albany. Pop. 1,279.
Greene, co. Pa. bounded N. by Washington co.
E. by the Monongalieia, which separates it from
Fayette co. S. and W. by Virginia. Pop. 12,544.
Chieftown, VVaynesborough.
Greene, p-t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,708.
Greene, co. N. C. Pop. 4,867. Slaves, 1,842.
Chief town, Snowville.
Greene, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 11,679.
Slaves, 5,236. Chieftown, Greensborough.
Greene, co. Alabama.
Greene, co. Mississippi, bordering on the State
of Alabama. At the court-house is a post-office.
Greeyie, co. Ten. on French broad river. Pop.
9,713. Slaves, 655. Chieftown, Greenville.
Greene, co. Ken. Pop. 6,735. Slaves, 1,401.
Chieftown, Green.sburg.
Greenfield, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.24 m. S. W,
Concord. Pop. 980.
Greenfield, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Mass. on
the W. bank of Connecticut river, 2 J m. N. North-
ampton. Pop. 1,165. It contains a handsome
village, 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congre-
gationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians, a court-house,
and jail, and printing-office, from which a weekly
paper is issued. Much of the trade of the county
is carried on here.
Greenfield, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 10 m. N,
Ballston, 36 N. Albany. Pop. 3,087.
Greenfield, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 855.
Greenfield, p-t. Highland co. Ohio, on Paint
creek, 20 m. N. E. Hillsborough.
Greenfield, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 3 m. N. Lancas-
ter.
Greenfield, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 16 m. W. Galli-
polis.
Green garden, p-v. Sumner co. Ten.
Green hill, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Green Island, isl. off the N. shore of Van Die-
men's Land.
Green Island, isl, in the St. Lawrence, 110 m,
below Quebec.
Greenland, a country, boiinded E. by the At-
G R £
lautic, and separated from Labrador on the S. W.
by Davis' straits. It is not ascertained whether
ft is a peninsula or an island, although the recent
discoveries in the Polar regions render it highly
probable that it is wholly detached from the con-
tinent. It extends as far south as Cape Farewell,
in lat. 59° 30' N. Its northern limits are un-
known. The eastern coast is commonly called
East Greenland, and the western, West Green-
land, but the v/hale-fishers call the whole West
Greenland, and apply the name East Greenland
to Spitzbei^en and the adjacent islands. Nothing
is known of this extensive country, but its coast.
The interior is wholly inaccessible, on account of
the everlasting ice with which its mountains are
covered. The eastern coast also has, for centu-
ries, been cut ofl' from European intercourse, by
the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are
lined. The severity of the climate forbids the
growth of every thing but a few miserable stint-
ed trees and shrubs. The whole population
does not exceed ^0,000; and they are confin-
ed to the coast, deriving a miserable sub-
sistence from seals, birds, and fishes; and are
sometimes under the necessity of living on
sea weed and train oil. The natives were for-
merly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel cus-
toms, but through the instrumentality of the Mo-
ravian missionaries they have, to a considerable
extent, been converted to Christianity. There
are 11 missionaries, in 3 missionary settlements,
at New Herrnhut, Lichtenfels, and Lichtenau.
Greenland, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on Great
bay, 4 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 592.
Greenland, t. Greene co. N. Y.
Green Mountains, a range of mountains, which
commence in Vermont, near the Canada line, and
running S. through the western parts of Ver-
mont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, termi-
nate at New Haven, on Long Island Sound.
The northern part of the range is pierced by sev-
eral of the great rivers which run into lake Cham-
plain. The highest summits are Camels Rump,
and Mansfield mountains in Vermont, each more
than 4,000 feet high.
Green Point, cape, on the coast of Florida, in
Pensacola bay. Lon. 87° 4' VV. Lat. 30° 31' N.
Greenaae, s-p. Denmark, on the Aa, near the
Cattegat, 32 m. N. E. Aarhuus. Lon, 10° 58' 57 "
E. Lat. 56° 24' N.
Greenhithe, hamlet, Eng. in Kent, on the
Thames, 3 m. E. Dartford.
Greenock, the chief s-p. of Scotland, is in Ren-
frewshire, on the Clyde, 'i'he manufactories of
the place are sugar-houses, rope-walks, soap and
candle-works, tan-works, potteries, bottle and
crystal-works, breweries, a sailcloth manufacto-
ry; to these may be added ship-building to a great
extent, in which the place ha's long excelled. —
Prior to 1697, Greenock was an inconsiderable
fishing station, but it is now a flourishing town,
and place of good trade. The harbor is very spa-
cious and commodious ; within these few years,
the quay.« have been removed farther out to a
greater depth of water, and now quays have
been built to the eastward of the old harbor, at
which there is from 16 to 26 feet water, and from
10 to 15 at low water. It is now capable of con-
taining 500 sail of ships. On t^e 10th October,
1818, the registered shipping were 40,195 tons.
The duties of customs for the year ending 10th
" ber. 18U;, vrcre ^5l,.5C7/. Pop. in n",?.
G R E
295
iW
3,900; in 1811, exclusive of those at sea, 19,042.
Lon. 0'= 18' 58" W. Lat. 55° 57' 2" N.
Green river, r. Ken, which rises in Lincoln co,
and flowing W. joins the Ohio, 200 m. below
Louisville, 50 above the mouth of the Cumber-
land. It is 200 yanls wide at its mouth, and is
navigable for boats nearly 200 miles.
Greensborough, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 27 m. N. N.
E. Montpelier. Pop. 566.
Greensborough, p-t. Caroline co. Md. on the W.
side of Choptank creek, 7 m. N. Danton, 22 S. E.
Chester.
Greensborough, p-v. Guilford co. N. C.
Greensborough, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Geo.
30 m. S. Athens, 40 N. Milledgeville, 78 W. by
S. Augusta.
Greemburg, p-t, Westchester co, N, Y, on the
Hudson, 28 m. above New York. Pop. 1,862.
Greensburg, p-t. and borough, Westmoreland
CO. Pa. on a branch of Sewickly creek, one of
the sources of the Yioughiogany, 30 m. S. E.
by E. Pittsburg, 75 fr. Bedford. Pop. 685. It
contains a court-house and jail, a bank, an acade-
my, and a German Calvinist church.
Greensburg, t. Beaver co. Pa, 10 m. N. Beaver-
town. Here is an academy.
Greensburg, p-t, and cap, Greene co. Ken, on
Green river," 69 m. W. Lexington, 95 E. Russel-
ville. Pop, 130. It contains a court-house and
jail, and a bank.
Greenvalley, p-v, Bath co, Va,
Greenville, t, York co. Lower Canada, on Ot-
tawa river, 50 m, W, Montreal.
Greenville, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on CatskiU
creek, 14 m. N. W. Athens, 25 S. Albany. Pop.
2,300.
GreenriUe, co. Va. inclosed by Brunswick,
Southampton and Sussex counties, and N. Caro-
lina. Pop. 6,853. Slaves, 4,599. Chief town, \
Hickford.
Greenville, p-v. Augusta co. Va. 12 m, S. S. W.
Staunton.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Pitt co. N. C. on the
S. bank of Tar river, 1 10 m. fr. Ocrecock inlet,
23 fr. Washington. It contains a court-house
and jail, and an academy.
Greenpi7Ze, district, S, C. Pop. 13,133. Slaves,
2,353.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Greenville co. S.C. on
Reedy river, 110 m. N. Augusta, (Geo.) 110 ft'.
Columbia. The air is cool and healthful, and
many persons from the low country of Carolina
and Georgia, reside here in summer.
Greenville, t. Darlington co. S. C. on the W.
side of Great Pedee riVer, 55 E. N. E. Camden,
90 N, E. Columbia.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Missis-
sippi, 21 m. N. E. Natches.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Green co. Tennessee.
on the head waters of French broad river, 26 m.
W. Jonesboro', 81 E. Knoxville. The village
contains a court-house, jail, Presbyterian meet-
ing-house, and about 100 dwelling-houses. A
few miles south of the village is Greenville col-
lege, a flourishing institution, incoqxjrated iii
1794. It has between 70 and 80 students.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Muhlenburg co. Kcu,
35 m, N.N. W. Russelville, 180 fr. Lexington,
Here is a bank.
Greenville, p-t. and cap. Dark co. Ohio, 80 m.
N. Cincinnati, 86 W. Columbus. Lon. 84° 32' W.
Lat. 40'' 2' N. In .\n?. ]7P''>. r- rTrn"n= ire^t-v ws'
29G
G R E
G R I
made here by Gen. Wayne, on the pail of the
U. S. with the Indians.
Greenville creek, Ohio, runs into the S. W.
branch of Miami river.
Greenup, co. Ken. Pop. 2,369. Slaves, 488.
Greenupsborough, p-t. and cap. Greenup co.
Ken.
Greenville Bay, or La Bay, t. and port of en-
try, on the E. side of the island of Grenada.
Greenwich, t. Eng. in Kent, on the S. bank of
the Thames, immediately below Deptford, cele-
brated for its splendid hospital ; and, above all,
for its observatory, which, instituted more imme-
diately for the advancement of navigation, has
rendered such important services to astronomy.
Greenwich hospital consists at present of four ex-
tensive piles of building, and now accommodates
nearly 3,000 seamen, while 5,400 out-pensioners
are assisted from the funds. I'he widows of sea-
men have the exclusive privilege of being nurses.
The expense of each pensioner is, at an average,
27/. 10s. 9rf.; nurses, Wl 13s.; and tlie total,
69,000Z. per annum. The revenue of the hospital
is derived, in part, from a duty of 6rf. per month,
deducted from the pay of seamen. 5i m. E. Lon-
don-bridge. Lon. 0° 0'. Lat. 51° 29' N. Pop.
16,947.
Greenwich, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. E.
Northampton, 75 W. Boston. Pop. 1,225.
Greenwich, East, p-t. and cap. Kent co. R. I.
on the N. W. arm of Narraganset bay, 16 m. S.
Providence, 22 N. N. W. Newport. Pop. 1,530.
It contains a court-house and jail, an academy,
and 2 churches.
Greenwich, West, t Kent co. R. I. Pop. 1,619.
Greenwich, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long-Isl-
and sound, 38 m. E. New York, 48 W. New Ha-
ven. Pop. 3,533.
Greenwich, p-t Washington co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, at the mouth of Battenkill, 8 m. W. Sa-
lem, 37 N. Albany. Pop. 2,752. It contains an
academ)^, and 2 churches, and many manufacto-
ries.
Greemvich, v. included within the limits of the
city of New York.
Greenwich, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the
N. W. bank of Cohanzy creek, 3 m. above its en-
trance into Delaware bav, 15 S. E. Salem. Pop.
858.
Greenwich, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the Dela-
ware, 6 m. S. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,859.
Greenwicli, t. Sussex co. N. J. on Delaware riv-
er, 5 m. above Easton, (Pa.) 31 S. Newton. Pop.
2,528.
G reenwich, t. B erks co. Pa. Pop. 1 , 1 04.
Greenwich, p-v. Charleston district, S. C.
Greenwood, t. Oxford co. Maine, 5 m. N. W.
Pari?.
Greenwood, t. Mifflin co. Pa. on the W. side of
the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,182.
Greenwood, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the W.
side of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,102.
Grees, r. Ireland, in Kildare, which joins the
Barrow, 6 m. S. Athy.
Gregory, Cape, a high rocky bluff, on the N.W.
• ;oast of America. Lat. 43° 23' N.
Gregou, or Gregwa. See Griwhee.
Gregstown, v. Somerset co. N. J. on the E. side
of Millstone river, 6 m. N. E. Princeton.
Greifenberg, t. Silesia, on the Queiss, 8 m, S.
W. Lowenberg, Lon. 15° 30' E. Lat. 50° 59' N.
Pop. 2,400.
Greifenhvgen, t, Pomerania, on the Oder, 37 m.
N. Custrim, 12 S. Oki Stettin. Lon. 14'^ 36' E.
Lat. 53° 20' N. Pop. 3,400.
Greifswalde, t. Pomerania, belonging to Prus-
sia, on the Rick, 2 m. above its influx into tbr
Baltic, 15 m. S. E. Stralsund. Lon. 13° 33' 15
E. Lat. 54° 4' 35" N. Pop. 3,750.
Grenada, JVeu'. See Granada.
Grenada, isl. in the W. Indies, 20 miles long
from N. to S. and 10 broad in tlie centre. The
soil is fertile in a high degree, seems adapted to
every tropical production. Indigo, sugar, tobac-
co, coffee, cocoa, and cotton, thrive well in it,
and game is abundant. St. George, the capital,
is situated in a spacious bay on the west of the isl-
and, and possesses one of the safest and most com-
modious harbors for shipping in the British West
Indies. The island originally belonged to the
French, but since 1762 has been in the possession
of the English. In 1809, the value of the imports
was 439,453/.; exports, 189,800/. The popula-
tion has decreased considerably since it has "be-
longed to the English. The pop. in 1811 was —
slaves, 29,381 ; whites, 771 ; free people of col-
our, 1210; total, 31,362. 123 m. S. W. Barba-
does, 71 N.W.Tobago. Lon. 61° 43' W. Lat
12° 21' N.
Grenade, t. France, 14 m. N. N. W. Toulouse.
Pop. 3,250.
Grenadillas, or Grenadines, cluster of islands
in the W. Indies, between Grenada and St. Vin-
cent's.
Grenoble, large t. in the S. E. of France, cap.
of Isere, on the river Isere, near the junction of
the Drac. Grenoble, though not a fine town, has
several spacious squares. It is surrounded with
ramparts, and entered by draw-bridges. Its
glove manufactures have long been celebrated,
and emplov nearly one-fourth of the population.
27 m. S. Chamberry. Lon, 5° 43' 49" E. Lat. 45°
11'42''N. Pop 23,000.
Grenouilles, Les, a cluster of roclcs, 36 m. S. E.
Point Morand, in the island of Jamaica. Lon. 76°
32' E. Lat. 17°32'N.
Grenville, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 47° 22' N.
Grenville' s Canal, channel, on the N. W. coast
of America, which separates Pitt's archipelago
from the coast of New Cornwall.
Gretna Green. See Graitney.
Greien, t. Prussian States, on the Ems, 11m.
N. E. Munster.
Greulsen, t. Saxony, 16 m. N. E. Erfurt. Lon.
11^= 3' E. Lat. 51° 6'N.
Grey, or Upper League. See Grisons.
Grey, Cape, cape, in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Lon. 136° 42' E. Lat. 13° 1' S. It forms the S.
point of Caledon Bay.
Grey, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 49° 19' N.
Grezzano, t. Au-itrian Italy, 13 m. N. Verona.
The natural bridge in the neighbourhood, called
the Bridge of Veja, connects two hills. The arch
is 50 feet broad, and 114 high.
Griersbwrg, p-t. Beaver co. Pa.
Grignan,t. France, 14 m. S. S. E. Montelimart.
Grigoriopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the
Dniester, 18 m. N. by W. Bender.
Griguet Bay, bay, at the N. E. extremity of
Newfoundland. Lon. 55° 24' W. Lat. 51°
40' N.
Grimma, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 15 m. E.
S. E. Leipsic, 42 W. N. W. Dresden. Pop
3,000.
G R O
G R O
291
Grimsboys, p-v. Faquier, co. Va.
Grimsby, Great, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the
S. bank oi" the Humber, near its mouth. It was
once rich and populous, with considerable trade ;
but the harbor becomin;^ choked up, it gradually
declined. Of late, however, the harbor has been
improved, a dock constructed at great expense,
and the trade has again revived. It is a borough,
and sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. in
1811,: 2,747. 36 m. N. E. Lincoln. Lon. 0° 1'
W. Lat. 53° 36' N.
Grimsbi/, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on lake
Ontario, W. of Niagara.
Grimsel, mt. Switz. between the canton of Bern
and the Upper Valais.
Grindal, Point, cape, on the E. coast of the
Prince of Wales' Archipelago, in the duke of
Clarence's strait. Lon. 228° 8' E. Lat. 55°
27' N.
Grindall Point, on the N. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 136° 6i' E. Lat. 13° 15^' S.
Grindelicald, v. of Bern, in Switzerland, 3 m.
S. S. E. Thun.
Grindleton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 17 m. W. S.
W. Skipton. Pop. 1,022.
Grindstone-ford, p-v. Clairborne co. Missis-
sippi.
Grinstead, East, t. Eng. in Sussex, 29 m. S. by
E. London. Lon. 0° 1' W. Lat. 5F 7 N. Pop.
2,804.
Griqua town, a station of the London Mission-
ary Society, in South Africa, north of the Great
Orange river, and about 70G m. N. E. of Cape
Town.
Grisnez, Cape, France, on the coast of Picardy,
between £k)logneand Calais. Lon. l'^ 35' E, Lat.
50° 30' N.
Grisons, Country of, a canton, occupying the
S. E. corner of Switzerland. Extent, 2,500 sq.
miles. Pop. 73,000, of whom 26,000 speak the
German language, 10,000 Italian, and 37,000 the
Romansh or ancient Rhostian language. The
surface is mountainous, and the chief support of
the inhabitar^ts 's derived from herds and flocks.
The canton is divided into three leagues, viz. the
League of God's House, the Grey League, and
the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. The gov-
ernment is purely democratic.
Grissee. See Gresse.
Grissets, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Griswold, t. New London co. Ct. on the Quine-
baug, 6 or 8 m. N. E. Norwich. It formerly con-
stituted the part of Preston, called North Society.
Grita, t. Caraccas, 46 m. S. S. W. Merida.
Griwhee, t. Slave coast of Africa, cap. of Whi-
dah. Lon. 1° 16' E. Lat. 6° 30' N. Pop. 8,000.
Grixalvcu, r. Mexico, which falls into the gulf of
Mexico, in lat. 18° 35' N,
Groai. See Garraway.
Grodno, t. Russian Poland, on the Niemen, and
capital of the government of Grodno ; 140 m. N.
E. Warsaw, 140 S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 23° 49'
E. Lat. 53° 40' N^ Pop. 5,000, of whom 1,500
are Jews.
Grodno, government of Russian Poland, adja-
cent to the goveriniients of Wilna and Minsk.
Extent, 11,000 sq. miles. Pop. 620,000,
Grohnde, t. Hanover, on tlie Weser, 9 m. S.
Hameln.
Groitsch, t. Saxouv, on the Elster, 13 m. S.
Leipzic. Lon. 12° 20' E. Lat. 51° 12' N.
Groll, or Groenloo, t. Netherlands, 19 ra. E.
Zniyhcn Lon. 6° 32' E. Lat. 5,2« o N.
38
Orondines, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 45
m. W. Quebec.
Groningen, province, at the N. E. extremity of
the Netherlands, bounded by the German ocean
on the N. by Hanover on the E. and by the prov-
inces of Drenthe and Friesland on the S. and W.
Extent, 770 sq. miles. Pop. 146,000. The sur-
face is level and low. The chief wealth of the
province lies in its pastures.
Groningen, t. Netherlands, cap. of the province
of Groningen, on the Hunse and Fivel. The uni-
versity of Groningen was founded in 1614. It
consists of 5 faculties, with 1 9 professors, and has
a good library. The chief trade is in agricultur-
al produce. The manufactures are of linen and
woollen, also of quilla. 100 m. N. E. Amster-
dam. Lon. 6° 35' E. Lat. 53° 12' N. Pop.
26,500.
Groningen, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on the Bode, 6 m. N. E. Halberstadt. Lon. 11°
11' E. Lat. 51° 56' N. Pop. 2,250.
Groningen, or Mark Groningen, t. Wirtem-
berg, 7 m. N. N. W. Stutgard. Pop. 2,200.
Gronskar, light-house in the Baltic, on the
coast of Sweden, in lon. 19° 2' 30" E. lat. 59° 15'
50" N.
Groote Eylandt, isl. on the N. coast of New
Holland, in the gulf of Carpentaria. It extends
from lat. 13° 39' to 14° 17' S.
Gros bois, or Yamachiche, seigniory, St. Mau-
rice CO. Lower Canada, on lake St. Peters, 14 m.
W. Three-Rivers.
Gros cap, cape. Up. Canada, at the outlet of
lake Superior.
Gros Isle, isl. Michigan Territory, in Detroit
river, near its moutli. It is about 8 miles long,
and 1 i wide. The soil is fertile, and some of it is
cultivated. There is a quarry, from which stone
is obtained for building.
Groso, Cape, promontory, Spain. Lon. 1° 23'
E. Lat. 41° 11' N.
Grossenhayn, or Hayn, t. Saxony, on tlie Roder,
8 m. N. Meissin, 16 N. N. W. Dresden. Lon. 13'^
29' E. Lat. 51° 18' N. Pop. 3,500.
Grosses Haf. See Haff.
Grossetto, t. Tuscany, 30 m. S. S. E. Piombino,
70 S. Florence. Lon. 1 1° 4' E. Lat. 42° 49' N.
Grosswig, V. Prussian Saxony, 3 m. S. by E.
Torgau.
Grotkau, t. Silesia, 28 m. S. S. E. Breslau.
Groton, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 15 m. N. E. Dart-
mouth College, 38 N. W. Concord. Pop. 549.
Here is a furnace for casting hollow iron ware.
Groton, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 16 m. E. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 449.
Groton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 34 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 1,886. Here is an academy. The
village is handsomely built on a rising ground,
which commands an extensive prospect.
Groton, p-t. New London co. Ct. at the mouth
of the Thames, opposite New London. Pop.
4,451. In this town is Fort Griswold, which de-
fends the harbor of New London.
Groton, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Grolta, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adda, 7 m. N.
W, Cremona.
Grofta Minarda, t. Naples, i-- the Principato
Ultra, 3 m. S. Ariano. Pop. %'~ 50.
Grottaglia, t. Naples, 18 m, E. Taranto ; also, a
town, 9 m. E. Taranto.
Groudis, small isl. France, over against L'-
Orient. Lon. 3° 26' 8 W, Lat. 47° 38' 4" N.
298 G U A
Grovehill, p-v. Warren co. N. (\
Grovelandj p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee
river, 30 m. S. W. Canandaigua. It contains a
Presbyterian church.
Grovepoint, the N. point at the mouth of Sas-
safras river, Md. 5 m. S. W. Turkey-point.
Groups, The, tviro island?, or rather groups of
islands, in the Pacific ocean, "seen by Captain
Cook, 1769. The southernmost lies in Ion. 142°
42' W. lat. 18° l^ S.
Groupus, t. on the coast of Brazil, with a fine
and spacious harbor, having good anchorage. Lat.
260 26'S. '66
Grubmhagen, a principality in the kingdom of
Hanover, on the E. side of the Leine. Pop.
60,000.
Grumo, v. a little E. of iS'aples, on the heights
of Capo di Chino. Pop. 3, 100.
Grunberg, t. Silesia, in Glogau, 30 m. N. W,
Gros Glogau. Lon. 13° 35' E. Lat. 51° 58' N.
Pop. 8,000.
Grunberg, t. Hesse Darmstadt, 10 m. E. Gies-
sen, 28 W. Fulda.
Grunde, v. Hanover, 12 m. S. W. Goslar.
Grunstadt, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 22
m. S. Mentz. Pop. 2,300.
Gruyeres, t. Switz. in Friburg, 15 m. S. Fri-
burg. Lon. 6° 53' E. Lat. 46° 36' N.
Gshat, t. Russia, in Smoleusko.
Guacara, t. Venezuela, 12 m. fr. Valencia.
Guacho, or Huacho, port, on the coast of Peru.
Lat. lloi4'S.
Guadalamar, (an. Durias,) r. Spain, which
falls into the Mediterranean, near Valencia, in
lat. 39° 25' N.
Gundalajcara, province, Spain, in New Castile.
Extent 1,050 sq. miles. Pop. 122,000. Guada-
laxara, the capital, has a large -manufactory of
cloth for account of government. 56 m. N. E.
Madrid. Lon. 3° 22' E. Lat. 40° 33' N. Pop.
12,000.
Guadalaxara, an intendancy of Mexico, bound-
ed N. by the intendancies of Sonora and Durango,
E. by Zucatecas and Guanaxuato, S. bv Valla-
dolid, and W. by the Pacific. Extent 73,628 sq.
miles. Pop. in 1803, 630,500.
Guadalaxara, city, Mexico, cap. of the inten-
dancy of Guadalaxara, is situated in a delightful
and fertile plain, near the Baranja river, 280 m.
N. W. Mexico. Pop. 19,500, consisting of Span-
iards, mulattoes, and mestizoes. Lat. 21° 9' N.
Guadalbon, r. Spain, in Jaen, wliich falls into
the Guadalquivar, at Mengibar.
Guadalcannr, isl. in the Pacific^ one of Solo-
mon's archipelago. Lou. lei*^ 50' 21" E. Lat. 9°
16' 30" S.
Guadalmer, r. Spain, whicli joins the Guadia-
na, in Spanish Esilremadnra.
Guadalotipe, isl. one of the largest and most
valuable in the W. Indies, is situated in lon. 62°
W. and lat. 16° 20' N. It is divided into two
parts by a channel, in breadth from 30 to 80 yards.
This channel runs north and south, and commu-
nicates with the sea, by a large bay at each end ;
that on the N. is cnlled Grand Cul de Sac, and
that on the S. Petit Cul de Sac. The part of the
island east of the channel, is called Grand Terre,
and is about 120 miles in circumference. The
west part is subdivided, by a ridge of mountains,
into Capes-tcrre on the west, and Basse-terre on
the east. This part also is 120 m in circuit.
Both parts would be joined by an isthmus 6 miles
in breadth, w^re it not cut through bv the river.
G U A
in many part«, the soil is rich, and not inferior to
that of Martinico. Its produce is sugar, coffee,
rum, ginger, cocoa, logwood, &c. 'The exports
in 1811, were 8,216,249 lbs. of sugar, 1,380,816
gallons of spirits, 1,601,686 lbs. of coffee, 219,009
lbs. of cotton, and 963 lbs. cacao. This island has
been repeatedly taken by the British. It now be-
longs to France, having been restored in 1814.
The population in 1812, according to a return to
the British House of Commons, was 1 14,839, of
which number 12,747 were whites, 94,328 slaves,
and 7,764 free negroes.
Guadaloupe, isl. off the coast of California.
Lon. 118° 17' W. Lat. 28° 53' N.
Guadaloupe, r. Mexico, in Texas, which falls
into the gulf of Mexico, after a course of about.
200 miles.
Guadalquivir, one of the largest rivers ic
Spain, rises in Granada, traverses And;ausia, pas-
ses by Andujar, Cordova, and Seville, and falls
into the Mediterranean, 20 m. N. W. Cadiz, in
lon. 4° 35' W. lat. 36° 46' N. It is navigable foi-
small vessels to Cordova.
Guadalupe, t. Spain, 45 m. S. W. Toledo.
Guadarrama, r. Spain, which joins the Tagus,
about 9 miles below Toledo.
Guadiana, r. Spain, which rises in La Mancha,
and running west passes by Ciudad Real, Meri-
da, and Badajoz, and enters Portugal, where it
takes a southerly direction, and falls into the sea,
between Ayamonte and Castel Marim, in lon. 7*^
26' W. It is navigable 40 miles.
Guadix, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Guadal-
quivir. It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. E. N. E.
Granada. Pop. 8,300.
Guailas, or Huailas, province, Peru, bounded
N. E. and E. by Conchucos, S. E. and S. by Cax-
atambo, and W. by Santa.
Guaira, t. S. America, in Caraccas. It has a
celebrated port, defended by a castle, and more
frequented than any other upon the coast, though
it is not completely protected from the wind. On
the 26th March, 1812, this town was laid in ruin?
by an earthquake. 7 m. N. of the city of Carac-
cas. Lon. 67° 2' W. Lat. 10° 48' N. Pop. 6,000.
Gualior, district. Hind, in Agra, between 26^
aud27'^ N. lat. and between 78° and 79° E. lon.
Gualior, a celebrated fortress. Hind, in Agra.
It is the possession of the Mahi-attas, and is con-
sidered as the key of Hindostan from the Mahrat-
ta country. Lon. 78° 14' E. Lat. 26° 18' N.
Guallaga, r. S. America, which rises in Peru,
and enters the Amazon, in lat. 7° 16' S. after »
course of 500 miles.
Guultero, or Gualteiri, t. States of ModenaJ 13
m.N. Reggio. Pop. 4,150.
Guam, or GuaJion, one of the Ladrone islands,
120 miles in circuit. Lon. 155° 10' E. Lat. 13"
25' N. There is a town on the island, called Aga-
na, built by the Spaniards.
Guamaehtwo, province, Peru, bounded E. by
Caxamarquilla, N. E. by Chochapoyas, N. by
Caxamarea, N. W, and AV. by Truxillo, and S.
by Conchucos. Pop. 11,000.
Giuimalies, or Huamalies, province, Peru,
bounded N. by Pataz, E. by the Andes, S. E. by
Guanuco, S. by Tarma, S. W. by Caxatambo.
and N. W. by Conchucos. It is an extensive val-
ley, 250 miles long, through Avhich runs the Ama-
zon.
Guamanga, or Huamanga, a province of Peru.
Guamaaga, the capital is a handsome town, with
G U A
G U A
299
1 university. 188 m. S. E. Lima, 176 N. W.
Cuzco. Lon. 11° 56' W. Lat. 12° 50' N.
Guamantagua, t. Peru, 50 m. N. E. Lima.
Guamoco, city, New Granada, 32 m. N. E. An-
tioquia. Lon. 74° 57' W. Lat. 7° 9' N.
Gumuijo. See Bonacca.
Gitanapu, r. Brazil, which empties itself from
tlie south into the mouth of the Amazon.
Guanare, t. Caraccas, in the province of Vari-
aas, admirably situated on Guanare river, a
branch of the Apure. On the S. and E. of the
town are vast plains, which feed immense herds
of oxen. Pop. 12,300. 193 m. S. S. W. Carac-
cas, 64 S. E. Truxillo. Lon. 66° 55' W. Lat. 8°
14' N.
Guanaxiiato, one of the intendancies of Mexi-
co, and the most populous of the whole viceroy-
alty, contains 6,978 sq. miles, 517,300 inhabitants.
The produce of the mines is now greater than
that of Potosi, or that of any other mine ever
known. They afforded, from 1796 to 1803, near-
ly 40 millions of dollars in gold and silver, or very
nearly 5 millions annually. Guanaxuato, the
capital, contains within the city, 41,000 inhabi-
tants; and in the mines surrounding the city,
29,600 ; altogether, 70,600. The ground on
which tlie city is built is 6,836 feet above the level
0f the sea. Lon. 101° 54' W. Lat. 21° N.
Guancabelica, or Guancarelica, t. Peru, and
cap. of the province of Angaraez. The moun-
tains in the vicinity are rich in gold and silver
ores ; but it is chiefly for a mine of quicksilver
that this city is celebrated. This mine formerly
yielded an immense produce; but, not being
worked in a proper and regular manner, the pit
fell in. At present, it yields about 1500 cwt. of
quicksilver. 53 m. W. Guamanga, 140 S. E. Lima.
Lon. 74° 51' W. Lat. 12° 56' S.
Guanchaco, t on the coast of Peru, near Trux-
illo, of which it is the harbor. Lon. 78° 58' W.
Lat. 8° 5' S.
Guano, Key, Great, and Lillle, 2 small islands
among the Bahamas. Lon. 77° 30' W. Lat. 26°
30' N.
Guania, province, Peru, bounded N. and N. W.
by Xauxa, N. E. and E. by the Andes, S. and S.
W. by Anganaes, Guamanga, and Castro V^ircyna.
Pop. 10,000.
Guantanamo, or Cumberland, bay, on the coast
of Cuba, Lon. 76° 50' W. Lat. 20° 30' N.
Guanuco, t. Peru. Lon. 75° 36' W. Lat. 10°
6'S.
Guarapiche, r. S. America, in Cumana, which
enters the gulf of Paria, between the point of
Paria and the mouth of the Orinoco, in lat. 10°
8'N.
Guarda, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira, near the
source of the Mondego, 67 m, E. Coimbra, 20 S.
W. Almeida. Pop. 2,300.
Gttardamar, t. Spain, in Valencia, at the mouth
of the Segura, 17 m. S. S. W. Alicant. Lon. 1°
29' W. Lat. 38° 15' N. Pop. 4,250,
Guardarville, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 5 m.
3. Quebec.
Chiardia, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro. Pop.
4,100.
Guardia, t. Spain, in Toledo, 30 m. S. S. E.
Madrid. Pop. 3,350.
Guardia, t. Naples, 1 1 m. E. Molise. Lon, 14°
50' E. Lat. 41° 50' N.
Guardia, t. Spain, in Galicia.. at the mouth of
the Minho, 14 m. W. S. W. Tuy. Lon. 9° 10' W.
Lat. 41° 40' N.
GvMrdia Lombarda, t. Naples, in Principato
Ultra. Pop, 2,500,
Guardialfiera, t. Naples, 16 m. N. E. Molise.
Guarico, r. Caraccas, which falls into the
Apure, about 60 miles from its junction with the
Orinoco.
Guarico, Punta dd, cape, on the N, coast of
Cuba. Lon. 74° 22' W.
Guarochiri, a province of Peru. Guarochiri,
the capital, is 57 m. fr. Lima. Lon. 76° 18' W.
Lat. 11° 55' S.
Gvxisco, or Huasco, port, Chili, in Copiapo,
with an excellent harbor. Lon. 76° 6' W. Lat.
28° 29' S.
Guasla di Amone, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra,
22 m. E, by S, Lanciano, Pop. 2,700,
Guastalla, t. Italy, in Parma, and cap, of a small
duchy, at the confluence of the Crostols and the
Po. It is fortified, and forms an important pass in
time of war. Pop. 5,500. 21 m, N. VV. Parma,
21 S. Mantua. Lon. 10° 39' E. Lat. 44° 54' N.
The duchy now belongs to the Archduchess Ma-
ria-Louisa, late empress of France.
Guatimala, Captain-Generalship of, one of the
Spanish possessions in N. America, extending
from New Spain on the N. W. nearly to the isth-
mus of Darien, and bounded E, by the Caribbean
sea, and W, by the Pacific ocean. It consists of
6 provinces, viz, Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatimala,
Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, The
great American range of mountains runs through
the country from S. E. to N. W. Volcanoes are
extremely numerous, and some of them terrific ;
no less than 20 are in constant activity. The gen-
eral appearance of the soil is extremely fertile^
and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochi-
neal, grapes, honey, wax, cotton, fine wool, and
dyewoods. The population has been estimated
at 1,800,000.
Guatimala, a province of the captain-general-
ship, extends along the coast of the Pacific ocean,
and is bounded N. E. by Vera Paz and Ciiiapa,
E. by Honduras, S. W. by the Pacific ocean, S. E,
by Nicaragua, N. and W. by Oaxaca.
Guatimala, Santiago de, capital of the captain-
generalship of Guatimala, was founded, in 1524,
on the declivity of a mountain, at whose summit
was a volcano; but in 1751, it was overwhelmed
by an earthquake, and by the matter from the
volcano. Notwithstanding tiiis awful calamity,
the city was rebuilt on the same spot; but another
and more tremendous convulsion again destroyed
the devoted place in 1775, the greater part of the
inhabitants being at the same time buried in the
ruins. The city now stands 25 miles S. of the
old town. ' It is a magnificent place, adorne<l
with churches and monasteries, and an university,
reckoned one of the best in the empire. Pop.
19,000. Lon. 92° 40' W. Lat. 14° 28' N.
Guauchinango, t. Mexico, in Puebla, 91 m. N.
E. Mexico, Lon. 97° 54' W. Lat. 20° 23' N.
Guariari, r. S. America, which rises in the
Andes of Quito, and, after a course of about 500
miles, falls into the Orinoco, in lat, 4° 20' N.
Guaura, t. Peru, in Chancay, with a good
port. Lon. 76° 23' W. Lat. 1 1° 6' S.
Guaxa. See Xauxa.
G anuxaca. See Oaxaca.
Guayaquil, province, S. America, in the S. W.
corner of New Gj'OJiadn, bordering on Pem aniJ
300
G U E
the Pacific ocean. It produces cacao, of which
two crops are gathered annually, cotton, tobacco,
salt, wax, rice, and honey, in all which a consid-
erable commerce is carried on with the other
provinces.— Guayaquil, the capital, is on the W.
shore of a river of the same name. It has a cele-
brated commercial port in the river of Guaya-
quil, and an excellent dock. Here have been
built a great number of ships of the line, owing
to the excellent quality of the wood, which is cut
in the immediate vicinity. 150 m. S. S. W. Quito.
Lon. 79° 40' W, Lat. 2° 11' 21'' S. Pop. about
20,000.
Guayaquil, r. S. America, which rises on the
W. side of the Andes, and falls into the gulf of
Guayaquil, in lat. 2° 27' S.
Guayra. See Guaira.
Guasacualco, r. Mexico, which runs S. and en-
ters the gulf of Mexico, in lon. 94° 24' W. lat.
18° 12' N.
Gubbio, or Eugubio, t. Ecclesiastical State, in
Ancona, 35 m. N. Spoleto. Pop. 4,000.
Guben, t. Prussian States, in Lusatia, at the
function of the Lnbst and the Neisse, 22 m. S.
Frankfort on the Oder, 70 N. N. E. Dresden.
Lon. 14° 45' E. Lat. 51° 57' N. Pop. about 6,000.
Guber, country, Central Africa. It pays trib-
ute to Asben.
Gubi, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 10' E.
Lat. 13° 7' N.
Gu<fara/i, district, Hind. inGujerat. Gudarah,
the capital, is in lon. 73<^ 43' E. Lat. 22° 50' N.
GueUcrland. See Gelderland.
Guddrcs, or Gueldem. See Gdders.
Guelfo, St. or Castd Gudfo, t. Italy, on the Ta-
ro, 8 m. W. by N. Parma.
Guemenee, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 9 m.
N. Blain. Pop. 3,600.
Guer, t. France, in Morbihan, 34 m. E. N. E.
Vannes. Pop. 4,800.
Guerande, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, be-
tween the mouth of the Vilaine and the Loire, 36
m. W. Nantes, 13 S. Roche Bernard. Lon. 2°
25' 26 " W. Lat. 47° 19' 39 " N. Pop. 7,200.
Guerard, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 24 m.
E. Paris.
Guercke, La, t. France, 18 m. E. S, E. Renncs.
Guerche, La, t. France, on the Creuse, 30 m. S.
Tours.
Gueret, t. France, cap. of La Creuse, 40 m. N.
E. Limoge?, 221 S. Paris. Pop. 3,400.
Guerigny, v. France, in Nievre, 9 m. N. Ne-
vers.
Guernica, t. Spain, in Biscay, 22 m. N. N. E.
Vittoria.
Guernsey, isl. in the English channel, near the
Frendh coast, 9 miles long, 6 broad, and about 39
in circuit. The soil is rich and fertile, and yields
very fine pasture. The island is subject to Eng-
land, but the Norman French is generally spoken
by all ranks. Scarcely any of the common peo-
ple can speak English. All their domestic uten-
sils and implements of husbandry are after tlie
French fashion, as also their dress and mode of
living. The amount of shipping belonging to the
island in 1813, was 10,892 tons. The chief town
is St. Peter's Port, on the east coast, with a good
harbor. Distant from Cape la Hogue 26 m. W.
S. W.; from Cherbourg 36 W. by S. ; from Port-
land 51 S. ; from Portsmouth 94 S. W. Lon. 2°
40' W. Lat. 49° 33' N. Pop. 21,293.
Guernsey, co.Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 4,800. Chief
town, Cambridge.
GUI
Gueta. See Hucla.
Gudaria, or Galaria, castle and t. Spain, on the
coast of Guipuscoa, 9 m. W. St. Sebastian. Lon.
2°8'55"W.
Gugagh, t. Hind, in Sinde. Lon. 68° 7' E. Lat.
24° 45' N.
Guhrau, or Gurau, t. Silesia, 17 m. E. Glf^u.
Guiana, country, S. America, between the
Orinoco and the Amazon. It has Caraccas on the N.
W.the Atlantic on the N. E. Brazil on the W. and
New Grenada on the S. W. The river Casiquari
unites the Orinoco with the Negro, a bi-anch of
the Amazon, making this country a real island,
separated by water from the rest of the continent.
Guiana is divided between 5 different nations. 1,
Spanish Guiana belongs to Caraccas. It extends
on the coast from the Orinoco to the Essequeba.
2. English Guiana extends from the Essequebo
totheCorantyn. 3. Dutch Guiana, from the Co-
rantyn to the Maroni. 4. French Guiana, from
the Maroni to the Aruary. 5. Portuguese Gui-
ana, from the Aruary to the Amazon. The boun-
daries between^ese divisions in the interior are
not determined, and there is no necessity for de-
termining them, because the wliite settlements do
not extend far from the sea coast, the interior be-
ing occupied by war-like Indians. English Gui-
ana is subdivided into the districts of Essequebo,
Demerara, and Berbice. Dutch Guiana is some-
times called Surinam, and French Guiana, Cay-
enne. The population may be estimated at
250,000, exclusive of Indians. Spanish Guiana
has 34,000, English Guiana more than 70,000,
Dutch Guiana 80,000, and French Guiana, 30,000.
The mass of the population are negro slaves ; there
are less than 20,000 whites. The Dutch colonies,
(including English Guiana,) have from the earli-
est period been exposed to depredations from fugi-
tive negroes, who have fled to the woods from the
excessive cruelty of their masters.
The country along the shore and for a conside-
rable way into the interior, is an extensive and
uniform plain of unequalled fertility. It is covered
with thick forests, even to the water's edge ; the
coast is so low and flat, that nothing is seen at first
but the trees, which appear to be growing out of
the water. The country is overspread with the
most luxuriant vegetation, abounding in fruits (rf*
every description, and an infinite variety of rare
and useful plants. The principal articles cultiva-
ted are sugar, coffee and cotton.
Guibarra, bay on the N. coast of Cuba.
Guienne, before the revolution, a province in
the S. W. of France, now divided into the depart-
ments of the Gironde, the Lot-and-Garonne, the
Dordogne, the Lot, and the Aveyron. Pop.
1,900,000.
Gujerat, or Gujrat, province, Hind, between
21° and 24° N. lat. bounded N. by Ajmeer, E. by
Malwah and Khandeish, S. by Aurungabad and
the sea, and W. by a sandy desert, the gulf of
Cutch, and the sea. During the war of 1780, the
British got possession of a portion of it. Their ter-
ritory occupies a considerable tract of country on
both sides of the gulf of Cambay, and includes the
populous cities of Surat, Broach, Cambay, Kaira,
and Gogo. The sea coast between the gulf of
Cambay and Cutch is occupied by different inde-
pendent chiefs, all greatly addicted to piracy. The
northern and western borders are also possessed
by a number of barbarous chiefs.
Guigues, r. Venezuela, which runs into tl>e At-
lantic, 16 leagues W. Coro.
G U I
Gailderlandt, p-t. Albany co. N, Y. 12 m. W. N.
\V. Albany. Pop. 2,466, At the village of Ham-
ilton in this town, there are extensive glass facto-
ries.
Guildford, borough, Eng. and cap. of Surrey,
on the Wye, which is navigable for barges from
the Thames. It contains a castle, a guild-hall, a
jail, a theatre, 3 churches, and several meeting-
houses for dissenters. Pop. 2,974. 30 m. S. W.
London. Lon.O° 34' W. Lat. 51° 14' N.
Guildhall, p-t. and cap. Essex co. Vt. on Con-
necticut river, opposite Lancaster, with which it
is connected by a bridge, 50 m. N. E. Montpelier.
fop. 544.
Guilford, t. Somerset co. Maine, 40 m. N. E.
Norridgewock.
Guilford, t. Windham co. Vt. 49 m. S. Windsor.
Pop. 1,872.
Guilford, p-t. and borough, New-Haven co. Ct.
on Long-Island Sound, 15 m. E. New-Haven, 36
S. Hartford. Pop. 3,845. It contains 7 houses of
public worship. Here are two harbours and some
shipping.
Guilford, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,961.
Guilford, co. N. C. inclosed by Rowan, Rock-
ingham, and Orange cos. and Virginia. Pop.
11,420. Slaves, 1,467. Chief town, Martinsville.
Guillac, t. France, on the Tarn, 14 m. S. W. Al-
bi, 30 N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,500.
Guillavdiere, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 15 m. N. E. Mon-
treal.
Guillhaume, Bonhomvie, seigniory, Hampshire
ce. Lower Canada, 12 m. N. Quebec.
Guillestre, t. France, in Upper Alps, 11 m. N.
E. Embrun.
Guillon, V. France, on the Serain, 30 m. S. E.
Auxerre.
Guillori. See Gillori.
Guimaracns, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Min-
ho. Here are manufactures of damasked linen
for table cloths ; also of knives. 10 m. S. E. Braga,
30 N. N. E. Oporto. Pop. 7,500.
Guinala. See Ghinala.
Guinea, a name given to a part of the W. coast
of Africa, from the Rio Mesurado to the western
extremity of Benin, comprehending about 13 de-
grees of longitude. This territory is usually divi-
ded into the Grain coast, the Ivory coast, the Gold
coast, and the Slave coast.
77ie Grain Coast extends from the Mesurado
to the village of Growa, about 10 miles beyond
Cape Palmas. It yields a coarse species of pepper,
but neither gold nor ivory, and has been compar-
atively little frequented.
The Ivory coast extends from Growa to Cape
Appollonia. It abounds with ivory, but has no
harbours, and has never been very extensively
frequented.
The Gold coast extends from Cape ApoUonia to
the Rio Volta. European settlements and trade
have been carried on here to a greater extent
than in any other part of Africa. Britain has now
a more extensive footing upon this coast than any
other nation. Cape Coast castle is the capital of
the British settlements ; and forts are also main-
tained at Acra, Dixcove, Succondee, Commendo,
and Anamboe.
ITie Slave coast extends from the Rio Valta to
the bay and river of Lagos, which separates it
from Benin. The British formerly had settlements
here, but they have recently been abandoned.
Guinea, JVew. See JVeic Guinea,
GUN
301
Guinegast, or Euguinegatte, v. France, in Pas
de Calais, between St. Omer and Hesdin.
Guines, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 6 m. S. Ca-
leds.
Guingamp, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 13 m.
S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 5,200.
Guiomere, territory of the Ivory coast of Africa.
Guiparm, the largest of the Cervine Islainds, in
the Adriatic, belonging to the house of Austria ;
about 18 miles in circumference.
Guipry, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 13 m. N.
E. Redon. Pop. 3,000.
Guipuscoa, a district of the province of Biscay,
in Spain, on the French frontier. Pop. 105,000.
Extent, 640 square miles. See Biscay.
Guisborough, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, noted for its
alum works. 8 m. N. E. Stokesley. Lon. 1"= 2'
W. Lat. 54° 31' N. Pop. 1,834.
Guiscardo. See Viscardo.
Guise, t. France, on the Oise, 20 m. N. Laon, 14
E. St. Quentin. Lon. 3° 42' E. Lat. 49° 55' N.
Guishden, r. Ireland, which runs into the Moy.
Gujunderghur, district, Hind, in Bejapore, be-
tween 15° and 16° N. lat. Gujunderghur, the
capital, is in lon. 75° 56' E. lat. 15° 45' N.
Gulan, V. Scotland, 5i m. S. W. by W. North
Berwick.
Gulan JVess, small promontory of Scotland, tlie
S. point, at the entrance of the frith of Forth into
the German ocean. Lon. 2° 44' W. Lat. 56®
5' N.
Gull islands. Great and Little, 2 small islands,
lying W. of Fisher's island in Long-Island Sound.
There is a light-house on Little-Gull island.
Gu Ipe. See Galope.
Gumbinnen, one of the governments into which
East Prussia has been lately divided, bordering on
Russia, the kingdom of Poland, and the govern-
ment of Konigsberg. Extent, 6, 1 50 square miles.
Pop. 350,000, of whom the great majority are Lu-
therans.
Gumbinnen, t. E. Prussia, on the Pissa, and
cap. of the government of Gumbinnen. 65 m. E.
Konigsbei^. Lon. 22° 35' E. Lat. 54° 31' N. Pop,
5,300.
Gumpoltskirchen, t. Austria, 8 m. S. Vienna.
Gumsprings, p-v. Orange co. Va.
Gumurginia, t. Thrace, on the great road from
Salonica to Constantinople, 40 m. S. W. Trajano-
polis. Pop. 6,000.
Gundavee, t. Hind, in G ujerat, 25 m. S. Sural.
Gundavow, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon. 68° 47'
E. Lat. 21° 50' N.
Gundelftngen, t. Bavarian states, on the Brenz,
where it joins the Danube. 19 m. N, E. Ulm.
Lon. 10° 19' E. Lat. 48° 32' N.
Gunduck, district. Hind, in Bejapore. Gun-
duck, the capital, is in lon. 75° 42' E. lat. 15°
27' N.
Gunduck, r. Hind, which rises in Tibet, and
passing through Nepaul, separates the province of
Oude from Bahar, and falls into the Ganges at
Hajpore.
Gundwanah, province. Hind, extending from
19° to 25° N. lat. bounded N. by Allahabad and
Bahar ; S. by Orissa and the river Godavery ; E.
by Orissa, Bengal and Bahar, and W. by Malwah,
Berar and Allahabad. The more fertile portions
belong to the Nagpore Mahrattas, the remainder
to various chiefs of the Aborigines of the country,
called Goands, who are in a very uncivilized
state.
302
H A A
Gungadi, t. Africa, on the Senegal, 15 m. E
Joag.
Gungpoora, or Kangpoora, t. and fort, Hind, in
Delhi, on the W. bank of the Jumna. Lon. 77"^
E. 29° 40' N.
Gunong Tellu. See Gonong Tello.
Gunpowder^ p-v. Baltimore co. Md.
Gunpowder neck, peninsula, Hartford co. Md.
near the head of Chesapeake bay, between Gun-
powder and Bush rivers.
Gunpowder, r. Western shore of Md. which
flows into Chesapeake bay, 12 m. above the mouth
of the Patapsco. There are falls a few miles
above its mouth.
Guns, or Koeszeg, t. Hungary, 58 m. S. E. Vi-
enna. Lon. 16°33'E.Lat.47°22'N. Pop. 4,900.
Guntersdorf, v. Silesia, in the circle of Grun-
berg.
Guntoor, one of the Northern Circars, in Hind,
on the W. side of the bay of Bengal, immediately
north of the Camatic, and S. of the river Kistnah.
See Circars. Guntoor, the capital, is in lon. 80°
30'E.lat. 16°20'N.
Guntz. See Guns.
Guntzburg, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Guntz and Danube, 15 m. E. Ulm.
Gunzenhausen, t. Bavarian states, on the Alt-
muhl, 10 m. S. S. E. Anspach. Lon. 10° 43' E.
Lat. 49° 7' N.
Gurba, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, 35 m. E. S. E.
Tunis.
Gurbos, or Hammam Gurbos, t on the E. coast
of Tunis, 23 m. E. Tunis.
Guriel, a small territory on the E. shore of the
Black sea, south of the Phasis. It is subject to the
Turks.
Gnrk, r. Germany, which runs into the Drave.
Gurk, t. Carinthia, on a river of the same name,
28 m. N. Clagenfurt.
Gurkfeld, t. Lower Carniola, on the Saave.
Lon. 15° 35' E. Lat. 45° 58' N.
Gurrah Mundelah, district. Hind, in Malwah,
between 22° and 24° N. lat. and intersected by
the river Nerbuddah. It belongs to the Mahrat-
tas. Gurrah, the capital, is in lon. 80° 15' E. lat.
23° 10' N.
Gurrutncondah, district, Hind, in the Camatic,
between 13° and 14° N. Lat. and 78° and 79° E.
lon. Gurromcondah, the capital, is defended by
a strong-built fort, and was ceded to the British in
1800, along with the district. Lon. 78° 40' E.
Lat. 13° 45' N.
Gurrumseir, district, Afghanistan, on the Hel-
mund, between 30° and 32° N. lat.
Gurtnamackan, r. Ireland, which runs into Gal-
way bay, 8 m. S. Galway.
H A A
Gunidwara, t Hind, in Scrinagiir. Lon. 78*
10' E. Lat. 30° 20' N.
Gusharen, t. Hesse-Cassel, at the confluence of
the Eber and the Fulda, 3 m. from Cassel.
Gussago, populous place, Austrian Italy, 3 m.
W. N. W. Brescia.
Gusten, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Kothen, 5 m. W.
Bernburg, 12 W. Kotheu.
Gmtrow, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Ne-
bel, 16 m. S. Rostock, 29 E. VViamar. Pop. 6,000.
Gutter, isl. in the Arabian sea, near the coast of
Persia. Lon. 61° 10' E. Lat. 25° 15' N.
Guttstadl, t. E. Prussia, on the Alle, 60 m. S.
Konigsberg.
Guty, or Gooty, a district of the south of India,
between 15° and 16° N. lat. and 77° and 78° E.
lon. It belongs to the British, and is included in
the collectorship of Bellary. Guty, the capital,
is a celebrated fortress. Lon. 77° 35' E. Lat. 15'*
9'N.
Gutzkow, t. Pomerania, on the Peenc, 28 mi, S.
Stralsund. Lon. 13° 23' E. Lat. 53° 56' N.
Guyah, city, India, 265 m. W. N. W. Calcutta,
and a place of great idolatrous resort. It is a sta-
tion of the Baptist Missionary Society.
Guyandot, Big, and Little, 2 rivers, Va. which
run into the Ohio, between the Kenhawa and San-
dy rivers. Big Guyandot is navigable for canoes
60 miles.
Guyandot, p-v. Cabell co. Va.
Guyandot, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio in
Lawrence co. nearly opposite the mouth of Guy-
andot river, Va,
Guyers, a small river which rises in Savoy,
passes by Pont-de-Beauvoisin, in France, and falls
into the Rhone,
Guzelhisar, city, Asia Minor, on the site of the
ancient Magnesia, 70 m, S, E. Smyrna. It is a
place of great trade, eipecially for cotton and cot-
ton yarn. It contains many rich merchants, par-
ticularly Jews. Lon. 27° 50' E. Lat. 37° 45' N.
Gwadur, i. Persia, on the coast of Mekran, 95
m. E. Churbar.
Gwennap, parish, Eng. in Cornwall, 6 m. from
Truro, Pop. 5,303.
Gwinnet, co. Geo.
Gwynedd, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,070.
Gy, t. France, in Upper Saone, 14 m. N. Besan-
con. Pop. 2,100.
Gye sur seine, t. France, 6 m. S. by E, Bar sur
Seine,
Gyongyos, t. Hungary, 21 m. W. S. W. Erlau.
Lon. 19° 56' E. Lat. 47° 48' N. Pop. 8,000.
Gyula, or Julia, t. Hungary, 51 m. E. Czon-
grad. Lon. 21° 15' 45" E. Lat. 46° 38" 45" K..
Pop. 4,250.
H,
Haac, t. Bavaria, 28 m. E. Munich.
Haage, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, H m.
S. W. Breda. Pop. 3,300.
Haane-krai-kill, small r. N. Y. which joins the
Hudson on the W. side, at New Baltimore lan-
ding.
Haarburg. See Harburg.
Haarlem, Haerlem, or Harlem, city, Nether-
lands, in N. Holland. It is on the Spaaren, 3 m.
from the sea, and communicates with Amsterdam,
Leyden, and the lake of Haarlem, by navigable
canals. Among the public edifices are an ele-
gant stadt-house, and 15 churches, one pf
which contains a very celebrated organ. Haar-
HAD
lem has long been celebrated for its bleaching
grounds ; and the whiteness of its linen is noted
throughout Europe ; 11 m. W. Amsterdam. Lon.
4P 38' E. Lat. 52° 22' N, Pop. 22,000.
Haarlem, or Harlem. See New-York city.
Haarlem, Lake, Netherlands, in the province of
Holland, 14 m. long. It lies between Leyden,
Haarlem, and Amsterdam, is navigable through-
out, and communicates with the Zuyderzee
through the river Y.
Habehchwerdl, or Bistrice, t. Silesia, on the
Neisse, 1 1 m. S. Glatz. Lon. 16° 41' E. Lat. 50°
14' N. Pop. 2,800.
Habergham Eves, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 ni- N.
E. Blackburn. Pop. 2,839.
Habersham, co. Geo.
Habsburg, a bailiwick of Switzerland, in the
canton of Lucerne.
Habur, isl. in the Red sea, 6 m. from the coast
of Arabia. Lat. 16° 45' N.
Hacha, r. S. America, which enters the Atlan-
tic ocean in lon. 72° 54' W. lat. 11° 31' 30" N.
Hacha, t. S. America, at the mouth of Hacha
river.
Hachenburg, t. Germany, 17 m. E. Coblentz.
Hackettstown, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. on the W.
side of Musconecunk river, 3 m. above Roxbury,
22 W. by N. Morristown.
Hackinsack, r. N. J. which rises in New- York,
and running a southerly course 4 or 3 miles from
the Hudson, mingles with the Passaic in Newark
bay. It is navigable 15 miles.
Hackinsack, p-t. and cap. Bergen co. N. J. on the
W. side of Hackinsack river, 20 m. N. New-
York. Pop. 1,918. The public buildings are, a
court-house and jail, 2 churches, and an acade-
my.
Hackness, cape, Scotland, on the S. E. coast of
the isl. of Shapinsha. Lon. 2° 42' W. Lat. 58°
63' N.
Hackney, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 2 m. N. N. E.
London, to which it is joined by several new rows
and streets. It contains one parish church and
several chapels for dissenters, a free school, a
charity school, and 17 alms-houses. Pop. 16,771.
Had, el, t. Algiers, 50 m. E. N. E. Oran.
Hadadrimmon, in Sac. Geog. a place in the val-
ley of Megiddo, afterwards called the city ofMax-
in)ian.
Hadaja, t. Fez, 70 m. S. S. W. Melilla.
Hadamar, t. Germany, in Nassau, 15 m. S. W.
Dillenburg. Pop. 1,500.
Hadau, t. Bavaria, 17 m. W. Straubing.
Haddam, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the \V. side
of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Middletown. 23
below Hartford. Pop. 2,205. It contains 3 church-
es, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 1
for Methodists. "The amount of shipping owned
in this place, is 1,597 tons, employed in tSe coast-
ing trade, and trade to the W. Indies. Here is &
valuable quarry of granite.
Had-dessa, int. Tunis, at the extremity of the
Lake of Marks, entirely composed of salt.
Haddington, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap.
of Haddington co. on the Tyne. John Knox, the
famous reformer, was born in this town. 16 m.
E. Edinburgh, 11 W. Dunbar. Lon. 2° 48' W.
Lat 550 58' N. Pop. 4,370.
Haddington, or East Lothian, county, Scotland,
bounded E. by the German ocean, N. by the frith
of Forth, W. and S. W. by Edinburgh co. and S.
and S. E. by Berwick. Extent, 297 square miles,
or 190,363 acres. It is one of the most fertile
H A F
303
counties in Scotland, and from its high state of
cultivation produces great quantities of wheat and
other grain. The western part abounds with
coal. Pop. in 1811, 31,057.
Haddo, t. Scotland, in Aberdeen, 9 m. N. N. E.
Inverary.
Haddonjield, p-t. Gloucester co. N. J. 9 m. S. E.
by E. Philadelphia.
Hadeland, t Norway, 37 m. N. N. E. Christia-
nia.
Hadeln, district of Hanover, at the mouth of the
Elbe, in the new province of Bremen. Extent,
126 square miles . Pop. 1 6,000.
Hadenville, p-v. Goochland co. Va.
Hadersdorf, t. Austria, 28 m. N. W. Vienna.
Hadersleben, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay
of the Little Belt. Pop. 3,200. 24 m. E. Ribe.
Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Hadjar el Hamar, v. Algiers, 27 m. S. W. Con-
stantina.
Hadida, t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 30 m. S. E.
Anna.
Hadie, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 16 m. E. Beit el
Fakieh.
Hadleigh, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Bret, 64 m.
N. E. London, 7 W, Ipswich. Lon, 0° 57' E. Lat.
52° 3' N. Pop. 2,592.
Hadley, or Hcidley ad Castnim, v. Eng. in Es-
sex, noted for the remains of its ancient castle.
Hadley, or Moncton Hadley, v. Eng. in Middle-
sex, 12 m. S. London. Pop.'718.
Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the E. bank
of Connecticut river, nearly opposite Northamp-
ton, 20 m. N, Springfield, 97 W. Boston. Pop.
1,247. It is connected by bridges with Hatfield
and Northampton. The town is laid out in 2 long
streets, parallel with the river. Hopkins' Acad-
emy in this place, is a flourishing institution.
Hadley, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on Hudson riv-
er, 17 m. N. Ballston-spa, 51 above Albany. Pop.
1,725.
Hadbersleben, t. Prussian states, on the Bode, 23
m. S. W. Magdeburg.
Hadramaut, province of Arabia, occupying the
coast upon the Indian ocean, from Yemen to Om-
mon. A considerable part is sandy and barren,
but many of the hilly districts are extremely fer-
tile. It exports frankincense, gum-arabic, dra-
gon's blood, myrrh, and aloes.
Hcemus. See Bulkan.
Haerlebecke, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on the
Lys, 20 m. S. W. Ghent. Pop. 3,000.
Haerlem, or Harlem. See New-York city.
Haesdonck,t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 14 m.
N. E. Dendromond. Pop. 2,250.
Haf, an extensive bay or gulf of Pomerania,
formed by the Oder at its mouth. It is divided
into the Great and Little Haf, 36 mile? long, and
from 1 to 9 broad.
Haf, a bay of E. Prussia, which communicates
with the Baltic by a small strait tear Memel, and
is separated from it by a narrow tract called Cu-
rische Nehrung. It is 31 miles long, and 18 broad.
Haf, bay of the Baltic, on the coast of E. Prus-
sia, 63 miles long, and 13 broad. It communicates
with the sea near Pillau ; and between it and the
Baltic is a long and narrow point of land, called
the FrischeNekrung.
Hafaiva, one of the Friendly islands in the Pa
cific ocean, 18 m. N. N. E. Annamooka.
Hafar, t. Khusistan, in Persia, 108 m. S. Susa.
Haffsrstro, t. E. Prussia, 5 m. S, ^V, Konig?
bergr.
504
HAG
HafneruU, t. Bavaria, 8 m. N. Pas^au. Pop.
1,800.
Hag's-Heady cape, Ireland. Lon. 9° 24' W.
Lat. 52° 55' N.
Hagarstourij or Elizabelhloini, p-t. and cap.
Washington co. Md. is situated in the fertile val-
ley of Conegocheague, on the west bank of An-
tietam creek, 27 m. N. W. Frederickstown, 70 N.
W. Washington city, 79 W. N. W. Baltimore. It
is regularly laid out, and contains about 300 hou-
ses, principally built of brick and stone, a court-
house, jail, market-house, and 4 houses of public
worship. The trade with the western country is
considerable, and there are a number of mills in
the neighbourhood.
Hagda?iger, t. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia,
9 m S. S. W. Heruosand.
Hagelsberg, v. Prussian part of Saxony, 2 m. W.
Belzig, 43 S. W. Berlin.
Hagen, t. Prussian states, in the county of Mark,
on the Vollme. Pop. 1,850. Lon. 7° 35' E. Lat.
51° 9' N.
Hagen, t of the island of Rugen, 18 m. S. E.
Rugen-
Hagenau. See Haguenau.
Hagenau, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 30 m. S, W. Schwerin.
Hageniach, t. France, on the Rhine, 12 m. 8. S.
E. Landau. Pop. 900.
Hagenburg, t. in Lippe-Schauenburg, 15 m. W.
Hanover, 46 S. S. E. Bremen.
Hagelman, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. W. St.
Sever, o S. E. Tartas. Pop. 2,360.
Haggein, a mountain of the Swiss canton of
Schweitz, remarkable for its triple top and fright-
ful aspect.
Haggenas, t. Sweden, in Jemptland, 17 m. N.
E. Ostersund.
Hagisa, t Arabia, inHedsjas, 112 m. S. E. Me-
dina.
Hagley, a parish, Eng. in Worcestershire, I7i
m. N. Worcester. Pop. 610.
Hague, a large and beautiful town of Nether-
lands, in S. Holland, 10 m. S. S. W. Leyden, 30 S.
W. Amsterdam, and nearly 3 from the sea coast.
It is an open town, being surrounded onl)' by a
moat with draw-bridges. It stands in a dry soil,
somewhat higher than the surrounding country.
The principal streets are wide, straight and hand-
some, and it is accounted one of the most elegant
towns in Europe. The environs contain a num-
ber of villas ; but their principal ornament is
the rural palace, belonging to the Orange fam-
ily, above a mile north of the town. The Hague
became, so long ago as 1250, the residence of
the governors, or counts, of Holland ; and since
that period, it has been, almost without interrup-
tion, the seat of government. It is now, along with
Brussels, the alternate residence of the king and
legislature. The manufacture of porcelain, and
the printing of books, particularly French books,
are the only branches of industry entitled to no-
tice. The Hague never was a place of trade.
Pop. in 1817, 42,000. Lon. 4^ 18' E. Lat. 52^
4' N.
Hasue, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on Lake George,
22 m.^N. E. Caldwell. Pop. 398.
Hague, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river
St. Lawrence, above Ogdensburg.
Haguenau, t. France, in Lower-Rhine, on the
Motter. It is near the frontier, and has been the
object of frequent contention between the French
H A J
snd Austrian?. Pop. 7,100. 20 m. N. Strasburir.
Lon. 7° 48' E. Lat. 48° 48' N.
Haha, a bay on tho S. coast of Labrador. Lon,
59°10'W. Lat. 51° N.
Hahar, or Hair, district of Africa, in the part
of Sahara immediately bordering upon Tuat, or
Twat. The principal town is called Hair, or
Terga.
Hai, city, China, in Kiang-nan, 310 m. S. S. E.
Peking.
Hqjar, t. Arabia, 140 m. S. W. Lachsa.
Haidingsfeld, t. Bavaria, 3 m. S. E. Wurzburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Haiduken-Sladle, i. c. Heyduke Towns, a district
of Hungary, in the county of Szaboles, about 320
square miles in extent. I'he Heydukes enjoy con-
siderable privileges, on condition that they rise in
arms on the first summons, when the country i»
invaded. Pop. 25,000.
Haifa. See Caifa.
Haigerloch, t. in the S. W. of Germany, in the
principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, on the
Eyach. Pop. 1,400 ; 36 m. S. S. W. Stutgard.
Haigh, t. Eng. in Lancashire, the seat of exten-
sive iron-works. Pop. 1,118; 2 m. fr. Wigan.
Hailsham, t. Eng. in Sussex, 57 m. S. by E.
London. Pop. 1,029.
Hailweston, v. Eng. in Huntingdon co.
Haimburg, t. Austria, on the Danube, with
manufactures of woollens. Pop. 2,700. 9 m. W.
Presburg, 23 E. S. E. Vienna.
Haimer, v. Darfur, 50 m. N. N. E. Cobli^.
Haimer, t. Nubian desert, 60 m. S. Syene.
Haiti, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Maine, 6 m.
above Frankfort.
Hain, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 5 m. W. N.
W. Gotha.
Haina, v. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 7 m.
S. E. Landau.
Haina, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, and
falls into Haina, 12 m. W. of the city of St Do-
mingo.
Hainan, t. Silesia, 50 m. W. by N. Breslaw.
Pop. 2,000.
HainauU, province, Netherlands, inclosed by
the French frontier, Flanders, South Brabant and
Namur. Extent, 1 ,700 sq. miles. It is in general
level, with beautiful undulating plains, and a
fruitful soil. It produces coal in large quantities.
The chief towns are Tournay, Mons, and Charle-
roi. In former ages it was called the county of
Hainault, and, in its most extensive sense, com-
prised a considerable part of what is now the
French departments of the North and of the Ar-
dennes ; a country which is still sometimes called
French Hainault. Pop. 473,000.
Hainburg. See Haimburg.
Haine, r. Netherlands, in Hainault, which falls
into the Scheldt at Conde. It is navigable by
means of sluices from Mons to Cond^.
Hainersdorf, t. Silesia, in Neisse, 5 m. N. W.
Weydenau.
Hainfield, t. Austria, 23 m. S. W. Vienna.
Haingen, v. Wirtemberg, 24 m. W. S. W. Ulm.
Hainsbach, v. Bohemia, 12 m. N. Kamnitz.
Hainstaal, t. Austria, 4 m. S. E. Laab.
Hajos, t. Hungary, 74 m. S. of Pest. Lon. 19*^
7'E. Lat. 46° 24' N.
Haiterbach, t. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,500. 30 m.
S. S. W. Stutgard.
Hajygvnge, t. Bengal, district of Dacca, on the
S. bank of the Ganges. Lon. 89° 53' E. Lat. 23^
31' N.
HAL
HAL
305
Ilajygungc, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Goomty.
Hajykaiikachokey, \. on the W. bank of the In-
dus, inhabited both by Afghans and Hindoos, Lon.
70° 5' E. Lat. 29° 30' N.
Hajypoor, district, Hind, in Bahar, on the E.
side of the Ganges, between 25° and 26° N. lat.
Hajypoor, the capital, is on the Ganges, at its
confluence with the Gunduck. Lon. 85° 21' E.
Lat. 25° 41' N.
Hajypore, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the
Seiks. Lon. 74° 51' E. Lat. 31° 26' N. There
are several other towns of the same name through-
out India.
Haldubary, t. Bengal, on the E. side of the Ma-
hanuddy river. Lon. 87° 59' E. Lat. 26° 20' N.
Hakel, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 40 m. S. S. E. Abu-
Arish.
Hakelsdorf, t. Bohemia, 18 m. N.N. E. Gitschin.
Haking, t. Austria, 6 m. W. Vienna.
Haklofen, t. Bohemia, 5 m. N. W. Budweis.
Hala Holun, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 124° 19'
E. Lat. 42° 35' N.
Halasz, t. Hungary, in Little Rumania, on a
lake, 26 m. E. S. E. Kalvesa. Fop, 8,700.
Halbau, t. Prussian states, 40 m, N, E, Dres-
den,
Halberstadl, a principality of the Prussian states,
formerly an independent bishopric, now part of
the government of Magdeberg. Extent, 580 sq.
miles. Pop. nearly 100,000. It is fertile in corn
and flax. 'The inhabitants are chiefly Lutherans,
Halbersladt, city, Prussian states, cap. of the
above principality, on the Holzemme, The Cath-
olics have three churches, and two monasteries ;
the Lutherans five churches ; 28 m. S. W. Mag-
deburg, 62 S. E. Hanover. Lon, 11° 4' E. Lat,
51° 54' N. Pop. 13,000.
Halborn Head, cape, Scotland, in Caithness, on
the W. side of Thurso bay.
Halcziti, t. European Russia, in Podolia, 23 m.
E. S. E. Braclaw.
Haldenslcben, t. Prussian states, in the duchy of
Magdeburg ; 14 m, N. Magdeburg. Pop. 3,200.
Haldtnstein, v. Swiss canton of the Grisons, on
the Rhine ; 1^ m. W. Coire.
Haldenwang, v. Bavaria, 54 m. S. S. W, Augs-
burg. Pop. 1,700.
Haldimand, co, Niagara district, Upper Can-
ada.
Haldimand, t, Northumberland co. Upper Can-
ada, on Lake Ontario.
Hale, r. Hoktein, which runs into the Eider, 10
m. S. W. Rensburg,
HaWs Key, isl, in the gulf of Mexico, near the
coast of E. Florida. Lon. 82° 5' W, Lat. 28°
4' N.
Halen, t, Netherlands, 20 m. E, N, E. Louvain,
Haleness, cape on the E, coast of Shetland, Lon,
i° 20' W, Lat. 60° 2' N. * •
Halenne, v, French Flanders, 10 m, S. W. Lille.
Halesowen, t. Eng. in Salop. Pop. 6,888. 7i
in. S. W. Birminghiim. Lon. 2° 2' W. Lat. 52°
27' N.
Halesworth, t. Eng. in Suflblk, on the Blyth, and
having a canal to Southwold, by which barges
pass regularly with corn, Sic. for the London
market. Pop. 1,810. 101 m. N. E. London 32 N,
N. E. Ipswich. Lon. 1° 30' E. Lat. 52° 20' N.
Haltla, t. Farsistan, in Persia, on the coast of
the Persian gulf, 10 m. S. S. E. Bushire.
Haley's bridge, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Haleyfb'irg, p-r. Ltmmburg co. Va.
39
Halfaia, t. Sennaar, 160 m. S. S. W. Sennaar.
Half Grunie Island, one of the Shetland islands
in the North sea, 2 m. S. Unst,
Half-Hyde Bay, on the W. coast of the island
of Antigua, 2 m. S. Reed point.
Half moon, N. Y. now divided into two towns,
JValerford and Orange, which see,
Halfmoon, p-t. Centre co. Pa, 15 m, fr, Belle-
fonte,
Half-Moon Bay, a bay on the W, coast of Ja-
maica, 2 m. N. Orange bay.
Half-Moon Bay, on the N. coast of St. Christo-
pher, 2 m. S. E. Ragged point.
Half-Moon Key, isl, near the south coast of Ja-
maica, 3 m. E. N. E, of Portland point,
Half-Moon Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras,
Lon. 89° W. Lat. 17° 10' N,
Half-Moon Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 86° 20' W. Lat. 16° 30' N.
Halfwayhouse, p-v. York co. Va.
Half-way-island, in Torres strait, a mile in cir-
cumference. Lon. 143° 18' E. Lat. 10° 8' S.
Halgaver Moor, a moor of England, in Corn-
wall, near Bodmin.
Halghton, v. Wales, in Flintshire, 4 m. fr. Flint,
Pop. 342.
Halibut Head, a mountain, which forms the S.
extremity of the peninsula of Alaska, ou the W.
coast of N. America. Lon. 197=' E. Lat. 54"
27' N.
Halibut Island, in the N. Pacific ocean, about
40 m. from the S. shore of the peninsula of Alaska,
Halifax, a thriving market town and parish,
Eng. in Yorkshire, long noted for its woollen man-
ufactures. It is near a branch of the Calder, in the
midst of numerous waters, peculiarly adapted for
mills and machinery, and communicating by ca-
nals with Manchester, Liverpool, Lancaster, and
Hull. A continued range of thriving villages and
country seats spreads itself over the whole parish,
one of the largest in the kingdom, being 20 miles
long by 17 wide. The chief manufactures are
shalloons, tammies, duroys, everlastings, caliman-
coes, moreens, shags, serges, baize, narrow and
broad cloth, coatings, and carpets. For the con-
venience of trade, a cloth or piece liall has been
erected in the town ; it is a large and elegant
building of freestone, and has 315 separate rooms
lor the reception of goods. Pop. of the parish in
1811, 73,515 ; of the town, nearly 11,000; 197 m.
N. W. London, 18 S. W. Leeds, and 40 S. W,
York. Lon. 1° 55' W, Lat. 53° 44' N.
Halifax Bay, a bay on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lat. 18° 49' S,
Halifax, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45
m, S, E. Three Rivers,
Halifax, the capital of Nova-Scotia, is in Hali-
fax CO. on a spacious bay or harbour called Che-
buctoo, of a bold and easy entrance, where 1,000
of the largest ships might ride with safety. The
town stands on the W. side of the harbour. At the
north extremity is the king's naval yard, com-
pletely built, and supplied with stores of every
kind for the royal navy. The harbour is open at
all seasons of the year. Halifax is entrenched with
forts of timber ; " 40 m, S. W, Truro, 84 E, An-
napolis on the bay of Fundy, and 157 S. E, St.
Ann, in New Brunswick, Lon. 63° 35' W. Lat.
44° 44' N. Pop, 15,000.
Halifax, p-t. Windham co. Vt, 50 m, S. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,758.
Halifax, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 13 m, N. W
Plymouth. 35 S. E. Boston. Pop. 703,
308
HAL
Halifax, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. ou the E. side of
the Susquehannah, 13 m. N. Harrisburs:. Pop.
1,365.
Halifax, co. Va. bordering on North Carolina.
Pop. 22,133. Slaves, 9,663. At the court-house ia
a post-office.
Halifax, co. N. C. inclosed by the counties of
Northampton, Edgecomb, Bertie, and Warren.
Pop. 15,620. Slaves, 6,624.
Halifax, p-t. and cap, Halifax co. N. C is pleas-
antly situated on the W. bank of the Roanoke, 7
m. below the Great Falls, and 70 by land from the
mouth of the river ; 36 m. N. Tarborough, 75 S.
by W. Petersburg. Lat. 36° 13' N. It is regularly
laid out, and contains a court-house and jail. The
river is navigable to this place for vessels of con-
siderable burthen. A regular trading schooner, of
45 tons, plies constantly between this place and
Norfolk. A canal is now in progress around the
falls of the Roanoke, which will open the naviga-
tion for batteaux, for more than 130 miles above
the town.
Halifoon, t. Sennaar, 10 m. S.Halfaia.
Haling, ish English channel, near Portsmouth,
Hants. Lon. 0° 57' W. Lat. 50° 48' N.
Halkirk, parish, Scotland, in Caithness. Pop.
2,532.
Hall, or Suabian Hall, fortified t, Wirtemberg,
on the Kocher. It has two suburbs, and 5,500 in-
habitants, chiefly Lutherans, who derive their
support from the brine springs, which produce an-
nually from 70,000 to 80,000 cwt. of salt, 30 m. N.
E. Stutgard. Lon. 9° 50" E. Lat. 49° 6' N.
Hall, t. Sweden, 23 m. N. E. Stockholm.
HalVs Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon.
89° lO'W. Lat. 160 10'N.
Halladale, r. Scotland, in Sutherland co. which
falls into the PenUand frith 5 or 6 m. S. E. Strathy
head.
Hallam, Upper and Kether, two towns in York-
shire, about 3 m. from Sheffield.
Hallam, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,410.
Halland, province in the S. W. of Sweden, bor-
dering on the Cattegat Extent, 1,465 sq. miles.
Pop. 73,600.
Hallaton, t. Eng. 15 m. S. E. Leicester. Lon. 0°
49' W. Lat. 52° 34' N.
Halle, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, on the
Saale. The university of Halle has a high litera-
ry reputation. Connected with it are the botan-
ical garden, the theological and philological semi-
naries, the schools of midwifery, the medical and
surgical clinical institute, the anatomical theatre,
the observatory, the society of natural history, &;c.
In the suburb of Glaucha is the orphan hospital,
and Canstein's establishment for printing the
scriptures, erected in 1712, which is said to have
produced since that time nearly one million of
new testaments, and two millions" of bibles. The
Lutherans have here seven parish churches, and
the Jews a synagogue. The manufactures are
woollens, stockings, silk, leather, buttons, hard-
ware, &c. ; but the principal is that of starch. In
the vicinity are salt springs, which yield about
16,000 tons of salt annuallv. 22 m. S. W. Dessau,
56 S. by E. Magdeburg. Lon. IP 58' E. Lat. 51°
29' N. Pop. including the suburbs. 25,000.
Halle, or Haiix, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. W.
Brussels. Pop. 3,7.50.
Hallein, t. Lower Austria, in the Saltzbui^
quarter, on tlie Salze. In the vicinity are salt
mines, which yield annually from 13,000 to 15,000
tons, worth about 120,000/. sterliBj. The salt is
HAM
found in masses in the interior of a mountain call-
ed Durnberg, about 4 miles from the town. Pop,
4,600. Hallem is 9 m. S. E. of Saltzburg.
Halliar, district. Hind, in Gujerat, extending
along tlie S. E. side of the gulf of Cutch.
Hall im Innthal, t. Tyrol, on the Inn. It has a
convent and a mint. Its salt-works produce an-
nually above 270,000 cwt. of salt ; 9 m. N. E. Ins-
pruck, 48 N. Brixen. Lon. 11° 32' E. Lat. 47°
17' N. Pop. 4,200.
Hallingdal, r. Norway, which runs into the bay
of Christiania, near Holmestrand.
Halliwell, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. W.
Great Bolton. Pop. 1,822.
Halloughton. See Hallaton.
Hallowell, t. Prince Edward co. Upper Canada^
on Lake Ontario.
Hallowell, p-t. Kennebeck co. Me. on Kenne-
beck river, at the head of the tide, 2 miles below
Augusta, 54 N. E. Portland. Lat. 44° 16' N. Pop,
2,068. Within a few years it has increased very
rapidly, and is now one of the most wealthy, pop-
ulous, and flourishing towns in Maine. The prin-
cipal village is on the W. bank of the river, and
contains an academy, a bank, 2 meeting-houses, 2
printing offices, several fine brick stores, and more
than 200 dwelling-houses. The surrounding coun-
try is fertile, and beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes,
flour, and lumber, are brought hither for exporta-
tion. The river is navigable to this place for ves-
sels of 150 tons.
HalCs river, N. H. a headwater of the Connecti-
cut. It flows from the N. W. and its mouth is in
lat. 45° N.
Hallstadf, t. Austria, on a lake to which it gives
name, 25 m. S. Gemunden.
Halmoe, small isl. in the Baltic, belonging to
Denmark, near the N. E. coast of the island of
Arroe. Lon. 10° 30' E.
Halmstadt, t. Sweden, cap. of Halland, on the
Cattegat, at the mouth of the Nissa. Pop. 1,350.
96 m. W. N. W. Carlscrona. Lon. 12«> 37' E.
Lat. 56° 39' 45" N.
Halsall, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W.
Ormskirk.
Hahtead, t. Eng. in Essex. Pop. 3,280. 46 m. N.
E. London.
Haltern, t. Prussian Westphalia, 20 m. S. W.
Munster. Lon. 7° 17' E. Lat. 51° 45^ N.
Halton, or Haulton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 13 m.
N.E.Chester. Pop. 894.
HaUwhistle, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 37 m.
W. Newcastle. Lon. 2° 28' W. Lat. 54° 58' N.
Ham, a hamlet, Eng. in Surrey, on the Thames.
11 m. S. W. London. Pop. 781.
Ham, East, v. Eng. in Essex, 7 m. E. London.
Ham, West, v. Eng. in Essex, on the river Lea;
5 J m. E. N. E. Statford. Pop. 8,136.
Ham, t. France, on the Somme, 42 m. S. E.
Amiens.
Ham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 50 m.
S. E. Three- Rivers.
Ham-bluff, caoe, at the W. extremity of Santa.
Cruz, in the West Indies. Lon. 63° 34' W. Lat.
17° 51' N.
Hamadan, or Amadan, a city of Irak, in Persia,
supposed to be near the site of the ancient Ecbata-
na. It is a mart of commerce between Ispahan
and Bagdad, Lon. 4° 8' E. Lat. 34° 53' N. Pop.
about 40,000.
Hamah, t. Syria, on the Orontes, generally sup-
posed to be the ancient Apamea ; 62 m. S. S. W.
Aleppo. Lon. 37° 10' E. Lat 34° 4V N.
HAM
Hamamct, t. on the coast of Tunis, 30 m. S. Tu-
nis, Lon. 10° 38' E, Lat. 36° 13' N.
Hamar. See Hammer.
Hamaih, in Sac. Geoj. a place on the N, border
of Canaan. It was, in later times, called Epiph-
any.
Hambaclu, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m.
N. E. Landau, 16 S. W. Manheim. Pop. 1,030.
Hambuch, t. Bavarian states, 6 m. N. N. W.
Amberg.
Hambalo. See Ambato.
Uambic, or Hanibye^ t. France, in La Manche,
9 m. S. E. Coutances. Pop. 3,550.
Humble, t. Eng:. in Hants, 5 m. S. E. South-
ampton.
HambtcdoTU, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 64 m. S. W.
London, 13 E. Southampton.
Hambre, t. France, in Mayenne, 10 m. S. E.
Mayenne.
Hamburg, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on lake Erie,
S. of Buffalo.
Hamburg on the Lake, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y.
Hamburg, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 18 m. fr. Gro-
shen, (N. Y.) '20 fr. Newton.
Hamburg, p-t. Berks co. Pa. on the E. side of
the Schuylkill, 18 m. N. by W. Reading, 70 N. N.
W. Philadelphia.
Hamburg, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Can-
ton.
Hamburgh, a free city, and the greatest com-
mercial tov/n in Germany, is on the N. bank of
the Elbe, 78 m. from its mouth, at the junction of
the Alster, which comes in from the north. The
streets are narrow, crowded, and irregular, and the
houses awkward and old fashioned. They are in
general of great height, and built of brick and wood.
"There are, however, exceptions, particularly in
the quarter called the New Town, many of the
houses being neatly built, and some streets ele-
gant. Hamburgh covers a large extent of ground,
but nearly a third of the space included by the
walls is occupied by canals, piers, and the basin
formed by the Alster. Formerly, V<rewing was
the chief employment here. The refining of su-
gar employed, in the beginning of this century,
more than SCiO houses, and is still considerable.
The printing of cotton, linen, and handkerchiefs,
gives occupation to many hundred workmen.
The dye-works, and the machinery for twisting to-
bacco, are also of considerable extent. But since
1793, Hamburgh has been gradually exchanging
its manufacturing for a mercantile character. It
is admirably situated for trade, possessing an ex-
tensive water communication with the interior by
the Elbe, which is navigable throughout all Sax-
ony, even to Bohemia. The Alster, though far
inferior in size, carries boats, with the aid of a
canal, all the way to Lubeck, on the Baltic. Ac-
cordingly, Hamburgh has long been a commercial
place of the first importance, particularly during
a war among the maritime powers. The vessels
which arrive at this port from different countries,
in the course of a year, are about 2,000, more than
one-third of which are from Great Britain. — The
established religion is the Lutheran, but complete
toleration prevails. Here are many patriotic and
charitable institutions ; and no Protestant city of
its size contains a greater number of hospitals.
The revenue of the orphan-house is estimated at
6,000/. sterling. The town library contains
100,000 volumes, but is deficient in late publica-
tions. The city revenue is more than 150,000/. The
territory of Hamburgh embrace«about ISSsij-miles.
HAM
307
It consists of a small district lying around the
city, of the town and bailiwick of Cuxhaven, at
the mouthof the Elbe, and of some villages scatter-
ed in the duchy of Holstein. Hamburgh is con-
nected with Frankfort, Lubeck, and Bremen, ia
some commercial regulations ; and they still re-
tain the old name of Hanse-towns. The Congress
of Vienna gave Hamburgh a vote in the Ger-
manic diet, in conjunction with Frankfort, Lu-
beck, and Bremen. It stands 39 m. S. S. W. Lu-
beck, 84 N. Hanover, 448 N. E. London. Lon. 9°
58' 35" E. Lat. 53'= 32' 31" N. Pop. 107,000, or,
including the territory, 129,800.
Hamden. See Hampden.
Hamden, t. New Haven co. Ct. 5i m. N. New
Haven. Pop. 1,716. In this town, 2 miles from
the city of New Haven, is the extensive gun-man-
ufactory, called Whitney's factory.'
Hameln, t. and fortress, in the S. W. of Hano-
ver, at the confluence of the Weser and the Ha-
mel. It carries on an active traffic in manufac-
tures of tobacco, hats, and woollens. 22 m. S-. E.
Minden, 25 S. W. Hanover. Pop. 5,000.
Hami, country, of Mongolia, in central Asia,
in the heart of the desert of Cobi, now subject to
China. It contains only one city and a few villa-
ges.
Hamilton, cape, on the N. end of Newfound-
land.
Hamilton, t. Scotland, in Lanark co. on the
banks of the Clyde and Avon, near their conflu-
ence, and in the midst of a level, fertile, and
highly cultivated country. Near the town is a
magnificent palace of the duke of Hamilton. 11
m. S. E. Glasgow, 38 W. by S. Edinburgh, 14 W.
Lanark. Pop. 5,453.
Hamilton, t. Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Cha «
leur bay.
Hamilton, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada,
extending from lake Ontario to Rice lake.
Hamilton, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 8 m. N. E. Sa-
lem, 23 N. E. Boston. Pop. 780.
Hamilton, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of
St. Lawrence, Franklin, Essex, Washington,
Saratoga, Montgomery, and Herkimer.
Hamilton, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W.
Utica, HOW. Albany. Pop. 2,220. It contains
2 churches. The village is handsomely built on
the main branch of Chenango river.
Hamilton, v. in Olean, Cataraugus co. N. Y. at
the head of navigation on the Alleghany, where
it receives Olean creek. It is eligibly situated for
trade, and is an important thoroughfare in the in-
tercourse between the Atlantic and the Western
states. 65 m. S. BufTalo, 291 from Philadelphia,
294 W. Newburg, 260 N. E. Pittsburg, by water.
Hamilton, v. in Madrid, St. Lawrence co. N.
Y. on the river St Lawrence, opposite Ogden's
island.
Hamilton, Albany co. N. Y. See Guilderlandt.
Hamilton college. See Clinton.
Hamilton, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,263.
Hamilton, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuyl-
kill, opposite Philadelphia.
Hamilton, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,044,
Hamilton ban, t. Adams co. Pa.
Hamilton, p-t. Martin co. N. C.
Hamilton, co. the S. W. part of Ohio, on Ohio
river. Pop. in 1815, 18,700. Chief town, Cin-
cinnati.
Hamilton, p-t. and cap. Butler co. Ohio, on
Miami river, 25 m. N. Cincinnati, 105 S, W.
Colnmbu", Here is a printing oftce.
308
HAM
HAN
Hamilton, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Colum-
bus. Pop. in 1819, 835.
Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda islands, and
now the seat of government.
Hanim, t Prussian States, in the province of
Westphalia, near the confluence of the Asse and
the Lippe. Its great article of export is hams.
Pop. 3,100. 17 m. S. Munster. Lon. 7° 53' E.
Lat. 51° 40' N.
Hammait, t. Tunis, 10 m. W. Cabes.
Hammam Leef, t. Africa, where there is a cele-
brated hot bath, 14 m. S. Tunis.
Hammam Meskouteen, celebrated warm baths,
in Algiers, 45 m. E. Constantina.
Hamme, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 6 m.
N. Dendermonde, 16 E. N. E. Ghent. Pop.
8,370.
Hammelburg, t. Bavarian states, on the Saale,
27 m. S. Fuldah, 18 W. Schweinfurt. Pop. 2,300.
Hammer, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 20 m. N.
Christiania.
Hammer Island, small isl. Sweden, in the Bal-
tic, 4 m. E. Carlscrona.
Hammerfest, v. Norway, in Finmark, near t|ie
North Cape, in lon. 24° 28' E. and lat. 70° 39' N.
Hatnmersleben, t. Prussian States, 17 m. S. W.
Magdebure, 14 E. by N. Halber&tadt. Lon. 11°
30' E. Lat. 52° 2' N.
Hammersmith, t. Eng. in Middlesex co. on the
N. bank of the "Thames, 2h m. W. London. Pop.
7,393.
Hammsrstcin, t. Prussian province of the Low-
er Rhine, on the Rhine, 6 m. N. N. W. Coblentz.
Hammond Cape, the W. extremity of Kaye's
island, in the Pacific, Lon. 215^ E. Lat. 59°
48' N.
Hammkar, 2 small islands in the gulf of Both-
nia, one on the E. side, in lon. 23° 39' E. lat. 63°
54' N. ; the other on the W. side, in lon. 20° E.
lat. 63° 25' N.
Hantoaze, the west division of Plymouth Sound,
m Eug. at the mouth of the Tamare. It forms the
harbor of the navy.
Humont, or Helmonl, t. Netherlands, 42 m. N.
Liege. Lon. 5° 40' E. Lat. 51° 15' N.
Hampden, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on the
W. side of Penobscot river, 10 m. S. S. W. Ban-
gor, 28 N. W. Castine. Pop. 1,276. The Theo-
logical Seminary which was established in this
town, is now removed to Bangor.
Hampden, co. Mass. on both sides of Connecti-
cut river, inclosed by the counties of Berkshire,
Bampbhire, and Worcester, and the State of Con-
necticut. Pop. 25,403. Chief town, Spring-
field.
Hampden Sydney college. See Prince Edward
COUtltjl/.
Hampden, t. Geauga co. Ohio.
Hampshire, Hants, or Southampton, one of the
southern counties of England, on tlie English
channel, including also the Isle of Wight, and in
some points of jurisdiction tlie islands of Jersey
and Guernsey, bounded S. by the English chan^
nel, N. by Berkshire, E. by Surrey and Sussex,
and W. by Wiltshire and Dorsetshire. About
one half of the land is devoted to pasturage, one
fourth is arable, and the remainder is occupied
with extensive forests of oak, and large tracts of
waste and open heath, especially on the borders of
Dorsetshire. Pop. in 1811, 245,080; of whom
21,400 families were employed in agriculture,
and 18,024 in trade and manufactures.
Hampshire, co. in Quebec district, Lower Can-
ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence.
Hampshire, co. Mass. on both sides of Connecti-
cut river, and inclosed by Franklin, Worcester,
Hampden, and Berkshire counties. Pop. 24,523.
Chief town, Northampton.
Hampshire, co. Va. inclosed by the Potomac,
and the counties of Berkley, Frederick, and Har-
dy. Pop. 9,784. Slaves, 929. Chief town,
Romney.
Hampstead, v. Eng. in Middlesex, formerly re-
sorted to for its mineral spring. Pop. 5,483. 4
m. N. London.
Hampstead, t. Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the W. side of St. John's river.
Hampstead, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. S.
W, Portsmouth. Pop. 733.
Hampstead, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y. 15 m. N. W.
New York. Pop. 2,313. It contains 2 churches,
1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Presbyterians.
The extensive iron works called Ramapoo Works,
are in this town.
Hampstead, p-v. King George co. Va.
Hampton, v. Eng. on the Thames, in Middlesex,
near which, among other elegant mansions, is the
magnificent palace of Hampton Court. 14 ro. W.
London. Pop. 1,984.
Hampton, Little, s-p. Eng. in Sussex, at the
mouth of the Avon. Pop. 882.
Hampton, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the
sea coast, 10 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 990. It
contains 2 meeting-hougcs, and an academy.
Hampton, t. Windham co. Ct. 37 m- E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 1,274.
Hampton, p-v. in Westmoreland, Oneida co. N.
Y. 11 m. W. Whitesborough.
Hampton, t. Washington co. N. Y. 70 m. N. E.
Albany. Pop. 820.
Hampton, p-t. Elizabeth-city co. Va.
Hampton falls, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on
the sea coast, 10 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 570.
It contains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalists,
and 1 for Baptists.
Hamptonville, p-t, Surry co. N. C.
Hamza Burg, castle of Aluiers, on the ruins of
the ancient Anzia, 45 m. S. S. E. Algiers.
Hanau, or Hanau Munzenburg, a large tract
of country in the electorate of Hesse-Cassel, ex-
tending along the N. bank of the Maine. Hanau
is its capital. It is one of the richest districts in
the west of Germany, Extent, 470 square miles.
Pop. 74,000.
Hanau, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Kinzig, near its
junction with the Maine. A large proportion of
the inhabitants are occupied in manufacturing
watches, jewelry, camblets, and hats, but above
all, silk, which employs several hundred families.
It is the chief commercial place of Hesse-Cassel.
13 m. E. Frankfort on tlie Maine, 30 S. S. E.
Wetzlar, 27 E. Mentz. Lon 8° 59' E. Lat. 50«
9' N. Pop. 12,000.
Hanau-Lichtenberg, a principality belonging
formerly to a younger branch of the counts of
Hanau, now shared between France, Baden, and
Hesse-Darmstadt. Pop. 80,000.
Hanazo, r. Abyssinia, which approaches the
straits of Babelmandel, but before reaching them,
is evaporated or absorbed in the sands.
Hancock, co. Maine, on both sides of Penobscot
bay, bounded N. by Penobscot co.E. by Washington
CO. S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Lincoln co.
Pop. 30,031. Chief town, Castine.
HAN
Hancock, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 13 m. K.
Keene, 28 S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,184.
Hancock, p-t. Addison co. Vt. 29 m. S. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 311.
Hancock, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. N. N.
W. Lenox. Pop. 1,049.
Hancock, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 22 m. S. W.
Delhi, 60 W. Kingston. Pop. 578.
Hancock, p-t. Salem co. N. J.
Hancock, p-t. Washington co. Md. on the N.
bank of the Potomac, 25 m. S. E. Bedford, Pa. 119
N.W.Baltimore.
Hancock, co. Western district of Geo. on the E.
side of the Oconee. Pop. 13,330. Slaves, 6,456
Chief town, Sparta.
Hancock, co. Mississippi, on Lako Borgne, and
separated bv Pearl river from Louisiana. Pop. in
1816, 1,000' Slaves, 333.
Hancock, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, ia the Indian
reservation.
Hancocks, p-v. Union co. S. C.
Hangmayi's Point, cape, Ireland, at the en-
trance of Kinsale harbour, 2 m. S. Kinsale. Lon.
8o 29' W. Lat. 51° 47' N.
Hango-Udd, promontory of Russia, in Finland,
with a good harbour and village ; 20 m. E. Ek-
nas. Lon. 22° 57' 45'' E. Lat. 59° 46' 20" N.
Hangtcheofou, a large and splendid city of Chi-
na, cap. of the province of Tchekiang, on the riv-
er Tsien-tang. It is called by the Chinese the
Terrestrial Paradise, and is supposed to contain a
million of inhabitants. The silk trade is here
very extensive. This city communicates with the
sea by means of the river, but Europeans are
rigorously excluded from it. Lon. 119° 46' E.
Lat. 30° 20' N.
Hangwell, t. and fort, Ceylon, belonging to the
British. Lon. 80° 3' E. Lat. 7° 1' N.
Hanhikiri, small isl. near the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 24° 12' E. Lat. 64° 33' N.
Hankiiesi, lake, Finland, in Kuopis, about 35
miles long. It communicates with the river Sai-
men.
Hartley, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N. E.
Newcastle-under-line. Lon. 2° 10' W. Lat. 53°
2'N. Pop. 4,481.
Hanna, r. Moravia, ■which falls into the
March, 2 m. N. Kremsier.
Hannachreen, small island near the W. coast of
Ireland, 6 m. E. Rinveel point. Lon. 9° 10' W.
Lat. 53° 36' N.
Hannah's Bay, bay in the S. part of James'
bay, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80° W. Lat. 51° 12' N.
Hannibal, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Onondaga river, at its entrance into Lake On-
tario, 30 m. N. W. Onondaga, 180 W. Albany.
Pop. 692. The village of Oswego is partly in
this township.
Hanno, small isl. in the Baltic, on the coast of
Sweden, 40 m. S. W. Bornholm.
Hannut, or Hannuye, t. Netherlands, in Liege,
18 m. N. W. Namur.
Hanover, a kingdom in the N. W. of Germany,
having the Elbe on the N. E. the German ocean
on the N. W. Dutch Friesland, with Prussian
Westphalia, on the S. W. and Saxony on the
S. E. Extent, 14,600 square miles. It lies be-
tween 6° 51' and 11° 51' E. lon. and 51° 18' and
53° 54' N. lat. Pop. 1,303,100, of whom above
200,000 were acquired by treaty in 1815. Since
these states were in that year erected into a king-
dom, the following division into eleven provinces
has been adopted :
HAN
Provinces.
Extent ill Sq.
miles.
1046
1220
4236
309
Pop:
920
520
2160
400
1100
700
139,250
176,100
243,000
105,150
128,950
125,050
S2,55(?
24,350
120,850
2),150
25,200
Calenberg, - - - -
Gottingen, - - - -
Luneburg, - - - -
Hoya and Diepholtz, acquired
in 1543 and 1585, - - -
Hildesheim, acquired partly in
1519, partly in 1815, - -
Osnaburg, acquired in 1648, -
Verden, acquired in 1715, -
Bremen duchy of, which is dis-
tinct from the town,acquired in
1719, - . - . -
Bentheim, acquired in 1753, -
East Friesland, acquired in 1815.
Lingen, with part of the lordship
of Rheina, acquired in 1815,
The lordship of Meppen,acquir
ed in 1815,
Total, 14,570 1,30^,100
With the exception of the Hartz, and other ele-
vated tracts which occupy part of the south, the
territory of Hanover consists of an immense plain^
with gentle undulations. In the south, the vallie»
are fertile ; in the north there are many bso-ren
heaths and moors. The chief exports are coarse
linen, iron and copper from the Hartz, timber,
horses, and black cattle. The revenue amounts
to a million sterling. The public debt does not
exceed a million and a half sterling. The Luthe-
ran is the prevailing religion in Hanover, but
complete toleration is granted to all sects. The
Calvinists amount only to 40,000, and the Catho-
lics to 150,000. The number of Jews is between
8,000 and 9,000. The principal literary institu-
tion is the university of Gottingen, esteemed one
of the first establishments of the kind in Europe.
The king of Great Britain is also king of Hanover,
but the two countries are politically distinct.
There have in fact been several instances of the
same prince making peace with an enemy in the
capacity of elector of Hanover, while the king ol
Great Britain continued at war ; and, in the con-
vention of 26th August, 1815, for keeping up an
army on the French frontier, the king of Great
Britain bound himself, in due diplomatic form, to
pay a subsidy to the king of Hanover. At the diet
of Germany, the king of Hanover occupies the
fifth rank, taking precedence of all except Austria,
Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony. He has four votes
at the general assembly. The crown is heredita-
ry in the order of primogeniture, and the succes-
sion is limited to the male line. 'The king's power
has a counterpoise in the states, which consists ol
the Wolfenbuttelnobility, the heads of the church,
and the deputies of the towns. No tax can be lev-
ied, or new law made, without the consent of the
states. The government was formerly conducted
by a council of regency, but recently a viceroy
has been appointed.
Hanover, city, Germany, capital of the kingdom
of Hanover, is on the Leine, a navigable river,
which afterwardsjoins the Weser. It is separated
by the river into two parts, called the old and new
town. The elector's palace, where the regency
formerly resided, is a large edifice, and is now re-
ceiving improvements, which will render it an el-
egant building ; meantime, the viceroy, (duke of
Cambridge,) occupies a handsome mansion in the
immediate ricfnity. The public library, founded
310
HAN
by Leibnitz, ia also a good , building. There are
5 Lutheran churches ; the Calvinists and Catho-
lics have each their chapels, and the Jews have
a Synagogue. The inhabitants derive their chief
support from the presence of the court. 28 m.
W. Brunswick, 154 W. Berlin. Lon. 9° 42' E.
Lat. 52° 22' N. Pop. 25,000.
Hanover^ p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on the E. bank of
Connecticut river, 55 ni, N. W. Concord, 98 W.
W. W. Portsmouth, 115 N. W. Boston. Pop.
2,135. The town contains 4 houses of public
worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap-
tists. The principal village is situated in a beau-
tiful plian, about half a mile from the river, and
contains the buildings of Dartmouth college, and
about 60 dwelling-houses.
Dartmouth college derives its name from Will-
iam Earl of Dartmouth, one of its principal bene-
factors. It was founded in 1769, by the late Rev.
Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, and is one of the
most respectable and flourishing colleges in the
United States. The funds consist chiefly of lands,
amounting to about 80,000 acres. The revenue ari-
sing from this source, is about 1,600 dollars a year.
This, with the tuition, makes an income of nearly
4,000 dollars. The college edifice is of wood, 150
feet long, 50 wide, 3 stories high, and contains
36 rooms. A Medical Institution has been con-
nected with the college since 1797, and is accom-
modated with a brick edifice, containing besides
rooms for students, a laboratory, an anatomical
museum, 2 lecture rooms, a chapel, and dining
hall. The college library contains about 4,000
volumes, and there are 2 libraries belonging to
societies of students, each of which contains near-
ly 2,000 volumes. The chemical and philosoph-
ical apparatus are valuable. The officers of the
college in 1819, were a president, 4 professors, 2
lecturers, and 3 tutors. The number of students
was 147, exclusive of about 60 medical students.
The whole number who had been educated here
in 1816, was 1,190.
Hanover, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 15 m. N. W.
Plymouth, 25 S. E. Boston. Pop. 117.
Hanover, v. in Paris, Oneida co. N. Y. on Oris-
kany creek.
Hanover, p-t Chatauque co. (N. Y.) N. E. of
Chatauque.
Hanover, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on the Pasiaic, 16
m. N. W. Elizabethtown. Pop. 3,843.
Hanover, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 2,538.
Hanover, p-t. York co. Pa. on a branch of Cone-
wago creek, which runs into the Susquehannah,
18 m. S. W. York, 106 W. by S. Philadelphia. It
contains 2 churches. A newspaper is published
here in the German language.
Hanover, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 635.
Hanover, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,049.
Hanover, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,090.
Hanover, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,291.
Hanover, J^ew, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,065.
Hanover, East, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 1,387.
Hanover, West, t. Dauphin co Pa. Pop. 2,461.
Hanover, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
925.
Hanover, co. Va. between Chickahominy and
Pamunky rivers. Pop. 15,082. Slaves, 8,454. In
this county is Washington-Henry Academy, at
Hanover, 9 m. N. E. Richmond.
Hanover, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 734.
Hanover, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 5 m. N. Cadiz.
Hanover, t. Lickiog co. Ohio.
H A R
Hanover, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Rossrille.
Hanovertown, p-t. Hanover co. Va. on the Pa-
munky, 6 m. above New Castle, 22 N. E. Rich-
mond.
Hanover Bay, or Chetamal Bay, on the E. coast
of Yucatan. Lon. 89° 15' W. Lat. 18° 45' N,
Hanover, New, country on the N. W. coast of
America, between New Cornwall and New Geor-
gia, extending from lat. 45° 30' to 53° 15' N.
Hanover, JVew, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 148**
27' E. Lat. 2° 49' S.
Hansbecke, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 10
m. W. Ghent. Pop. 2,450.
Hansdorf, or Hanusfalva, t. Hungary, in Saros,
12 m. N. E. Szeben. Lon. 21° 31' 35" E. Lat. 49<*
0' 25'' N.
Hanse Towns, the name of a well-known asso-
ciation of cities of Germany, and other countries,
for the protection of trade, which subsisted from
the 13th to the 17th centuries. In the height of
the association, the Hanseatic league consisted of
64 commercial towns, and was capable of carry-
ing on naval operations on a large scale. Lubeck,
Hamburgh, and Bremen still retain the name of
Hanse towns, and maintain a kind of commercial
treaty with each other.
Hanslop, t. Eng. in Buckinghamshire, 4 ra. N.
W. Newport-Pagnel.
Hanson Point, the S. cape at the entrance into
Gray' s harbour. Lon. 236° 7' E. Lat. 46° 58' N.
Hansy, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76° 10' E. Lat.
28° 46' "N.
Hants. See Hampshire.
Hants, CO. Nova-Scotia, which contains the
townships of Windsor, Falmouth, and Newport.
Hanxlet, small isl. in the gulf of Botlmia. Lon.
21° 30' E. Lat. 63° 19' N.
Hapae, or Habei, a cluster of islets among the
Friendly islands. Lon. 185° 36' E. Lat. 19° 39' S.
Hapsal, or Gapsal, t. Russia, in Esthorio, on the
Baltic, 60 m. S. Revel.
Hapsal, s-p. Livonia, on the Baltic, 5 m. S. W,
Revel.
Hapsburg. See Habsburg.
Haram, isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 22° 18' N.
Haramfoe, a small island near the coast of Nor-
way. Lat. 62° 36' N.
Haran, in Sac.Geog.t. Mesopotamia, famous in
later times for the slaughter of Crassus and his ar-
my.
Haratch, (anciently Savvis,) r. N. Africa, which
falls into the sea 6 m. S. E. Algiers.
Harbach, r. Transylvania, whichjoins tlie Za-
bein nearHermannstadt.
Harbach, r. Wirtemburg, which falls into the
Muhr, 1 m. N. W. Muhrhard.
Har6onmere5, t. France, on the Somme, 15 m.
E. Amiens, 11 S. W. Peronne.
Harborough, or Market Harborough, t. Eng. in
Leicester co. on the Welland. It has a conside-
rable manufacture of tammies, lustrings, &c. 83
m. N. W. London, 15 S. E. Leicester. Lon. 0«
55' W. Lat. 52° 29' N. Pop. 1,704.
Harbour Cape, the N. extremity of Well's bay,
on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70° 24' W. Lat. 43«
18' N.
Harbour Island, one of the smaller Bahama isl-
ands, N. of Eleuthera. Lon. 76° 44' W. Lat.
25°56'N.
Harbourg, small isl. in the English channel, near
the coast of France. Lon. 1° 59' W. Lat. 48°
39' N.
H A R
Harburg, t. Hapover, in the duchy of Lunc-
hurg, on the Elbe, opposite Hamburgh. Pop.
3,650. 7 m. S. Hamburgh, 22 N. W. Luneburg.
Lon. 9° 56' E. Lat. 53° 28' N.
Harcmirt, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. N. W.
Falaise, 12 S. Caen.
Hardanger/iord, arm of the sea, on the W. coast
of Norway, between 59° 28' and 60° 25' N. lat.
Hardegg, t. Austria, on the Theya, 50 m. N. N.
W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat. 48° 4^ N.
Harden, co. Ken. on the Ohio, adjoining Knox
CO. Pop. 7,531. Slaves, 940. Chief town, Eliz-
abethtown.
Hardenberg, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on
the Vecht, 10 m. S. W. Coeverden. Pop. 2,600.
Hardenberg, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Berg,
14 m. E. N. E. Dusseldorf.
Hardenburg, p-t and cap. Breckenridge co.
Ken.
Hardenburg milky p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Harden'' s cove, p-v. Randolph co. Va.
Harderwyck, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, on
the Zuyder Zee, 28 m. N. W. Arnheim, 40 E.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 34' E. Lat. 52° 22' N. Pop.
3,750.
Hardheim, t. Baien, on the Erf, 9 m. W. Bis-
choffsheim, 10 S. ^ E. Miltenberg.
Hardin, co. Oliic formed in 1820, in the Indian
reservation. ^
Hardin, t. and cap. Shelby co. Ohio.
■ Hardiston, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 1,702.
Hardicick, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 21 m. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 734.
Hardwick, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. N.
W. Worcester, 70 W. Boston. Pop. 1,657.
Hardicick, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware,
10 m. S. W. Newton. Pop. 2,561.
Hardwick, small t. Bryan co. Geo. at the mouth
of the Ogechee, 18 m. S. by W. Savannah.
Hardwicke Bay, large bay, on the S. coast of
New Holland. Lon. 137° 21' E. Lat. 34^ 28i' S.
Hardwick' s Island, isl. in Johnstone's strait, on
the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 134° 15' E.
Lat. 50° 26' N.
Hardy, co. Va. bordering on Maryland. Pop.
5,525. Slaves, 746. Chief town, Moorfields.
Hare Bay, bay on the E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 55° 40' W. Lat. 51° 20' N.
Hare Island, isl. Lower Canada, in the river St.
Lawrence, 16 m. above the confluence of Sague-
naw river, 103 below Quebec.
Harewood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river
Wharf, 8 m. N. Leeds.
Harfleur, t France, in Lower Seine, on the Le-
zarda, a small river which runs int) the Seine
near this place. It is frequently mentioned in
history. 5 m. E. Havre, 49 W. Rouen. Lon. 0°
12' 14" E. Lat. 49° 30' 23" N. Pop. 1,800.
Harford, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 478.
Harford, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsylvania,
E. by the Susquehannah, S. E. by Chesapeake bay,
and W. by Baltimore co. Pop. 21,258. Slaves,
4,431. Chief town, Bellair.
Harford, p-t. Harford co. Md. on Bush river, at
the head of tide water, 9 ra. S. E. Bellair, 25 N.
E. Baltimore.
Harg, s-p. Sweden, 35 m. N. E. Upsal.
Hargia, s-p. Ai-abia, in Hadramaut, 60 m. E. N.
E. Aden.
Harjedalen. See Herjedalen.
Hariharra, in the maps Hurryhur, t. and for-
tress, India, in Bejapore, on the S. E. bank of
H A R
311
Toombuddra river. It now belongs to the British.
Lon. 75° 48' E. Lat. 14° 24' N.
Harlech, t. Wales, in Merioneth co. on the W.
coast, in the bay of Cardigan. Pop. 500. 230
m. fr. London, 24 S. Caernarvon. Lon. 4° 5' W.
Lat. 52° 52' N.
Harleesville p-v. Marion co. S. C.
Harlem, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 16 m. N. E.
Augusta. Pop. 939.
Harlem, or Harlaem. See IN'ew York city.
Harlem creek. See East river.
Harlem, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Big Walnut
creek, E. of Delaware.
Harlem Isle, isl. off the N. W. coast of Ceylon.
Lon. 79° 54' E. Lat. 9° 41' N.
Harleston, t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the Waveney,
17 m. S. Norwich.
Harlingen, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, on the
Zuyderzee. Its harbor is large, and well fre-
quented. The town is fortified, and naturally
strong, the adjacent country being easily laid un-
der water. Pop. 7,300. 66 m. N. N. E. Amster-
dam. Lon. 5° 24' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Harlow, t. Eng. in Essex, 24 m. E. London.
Harman's creek, r. Va. which runs into the
Ohio, 1 m. above Steubenville, (Ohio.)
Harmony, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 25 m. E.
Norridgewock. Pop. 351.
Harmony, t. Chatuuque co, N. Y.
Harmony, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Harmony, p-t. Butler co. Pa. on Conaquenesing
creek. It was settled by a religious sect from
Germany, called Harmonists, who have now re-
moved to Indiana. See Harmony, (Indiana.)
Harmony, p-v. York co. S. C.
Harmony, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
1,200.
Harmony, p-t. and cap. Posey co. Indiana, on
the Wabash. It is settled by a religious sect from
Germany, called Harmonists, who first settled in
the western part of Pennsylvania. They have
an extensive woolen manufactory, and ako culti-
vate the vine ; and are distinguished for tempe-
rance, industry, and skill in their employments.
Hamad, r. Hungary, which joins the Theysse,
1 1 m. S. W. Tokay.
Haro, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 32 m.
N. E. Burgos. Lon. 2° 38' W. Lat. 42° 28' N>
Pop. 3,500.
Haroe, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat .
62°52'N.
Haromszek, province of Transylvania, adjoin-
ing European Turkey, from which it is separated
by the Carpathian mountains.
Harosheth, in Sac. Geog. a place in the N. pan
of the country east of the Jordan, on the rivei
Kishon.
Harowly, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumn;t
Lon. 78° 6' E. Lat. 27° 55' N.
Harpenden, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 4 m. S. Sr,
Alban's.
Harper^ s ferry, p-v. Jefferson co. Va. on tlu-
Potomac, at the mouth of the Shenandoah, 21 m,
W. S. W. Fredericktown, 24 E. N. E. Winches-
ter, 65 N. W. Washington city. The passage oi
the Potomac through the Blue-Ridge at this
place, is celebrated for its grandeur and magnifi-
cence. There is here an extensive establishment
belonging to the United States, for the manufac-
ture of arms. The number of men employed i;^
about 2g0, and the annual expense has been, on an
average, about $100,000
312
H A R
Harpersfieldf p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 20 m. N.
E. Delhi, 55 S, W. Albany, 51 fr. CatskiU. Pop.
1,691.
Harpersfieldj p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand
river, 10 m. W. Jefferson.
Harpeth, p-v. Williamson co. Ten.
HarponuUy, district, India, between 14^ and
16° N. lat.
Harpswell, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 40 m. E.
Portland. Pop. 1,190.
Harpiree, East, v. Eng. in Somerset co. noted
for mines of lapis calaminaris ; 6 m. N. Wells.
Harraton, t. Eng. in Durham, 8 m. N. E. Dur-
ham.
Harriet Point., cape, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 60° 24' N.
Harrington, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland. The
harbor has been recently much improved. Nearly
60 vessels, averaging 100 tons, belong to the port,
and are chiefly engaged in exporting lime and coal
to Scotland and Ireland. Pop, 1,629. 2i m. S.
Workington.
Harrington Point, point of land, on the W.
coast of the Duke of York's island. Lon. 227°
36' E. Lat 56° 10' N.
Harrington, t. Washington co. Maine, on Nar-
raguagus bay, ,25 m. W. Machias. Pop. 469.
Harrington, t. Bergen co. N.J. Pop. 2,087.
Harriorpore, t Hind, in Orissa, cap. of Mohur-
bunge. Lon. 86° 52' E. Lat. 21° 52' N.
Harris, peninsula, Scotland, in the Hebrides,
joined to what is called the island of Lewis by a
narrow isthmus. The general aspect is moun-
tainous and rocky. Extent, 191 sq. miles. Pop.
3,569. Lon. 6° 54' W. Lat. 57^ 57' N.
Harris, Sound of, a navigable channel between
the peninsula of Harris and North Uist.
Harris Point, the N. point of Port Malmesbu-
ry, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 56°
174 N.
Harrisborough, t. Richmond co. Geo. on Savan-
nah river, a little above Augusta.
Harrisburg, t. Lewis co. N. Y. 20 m. fr. Brown-
ville, 65 N. Rome. Pop. 572.
Harrisburg, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. and capital of
the State, is regularly laid out on the E. bank of
Susquehannah river, 97 m. W. N. W. Philadel-
phia, 35 N. W. Lancaster, 184 E. Pittsburg. Lat
40° 16' N. It contains a court-house, jail, 2
houses of public worship for Presbyterians, and 1
for Lutherans, and about 400 dwelling-houses,
principally of brick and stone. The State has ap-
propriated $120,000 for the erection of a capitol,
the two wings of which are already built. The
space left between the wings is 320 feet. The site
of the building is a plat of 10 acres, elevated 28
feet above the plain on which the town stands.
Pop. 2,287.
Harrisburg, or Cairo, p-v. Lancaster co. S. C.
Harrisburg, t. Gallia co, Ohio, on Ohio river, 7
in. S. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1 8 1 5, 335.
Harrison, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 41 m. N.
W.Portland. Pop. 439.
Harrison, p-t. Broome co. N. Y.
Harrison, t Westchester co. N. Y. 30 m. N. E.
New York. Pop. 1,119.
Harrison, co. Va, inclosed by the counties of
Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, and
Wood. Pop. 9,558. Slaves, 459. Chief town,
Clarksburg.
Harrison, co. in the N. E. part of Ken. Pop.
7,552. Slaves, 1,105. Chief town, Cynthiania.
Harrison, co. Ohio, between Jefferson and Tus-
H A R
carawaa counties. Pop. in 1815, 7,300. Chiei'
town, Cadiz.
Harrison, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
Harrison, t Dark co. Ohio.
Harrison, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Co-
lumbus. Pop. in 1819, 335.
Harrison, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on tlie borders
of Indiana.
Harrison, t Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E. Mount-
vernon.
Harrison, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Harrison, t Muskingum co. Ohio.
Harrison, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto,
9 m. N. Circleville.
Harrison, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Harrison, t. Ross co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Chillicothe.
HarHson, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 410.
Harrison, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop. in
1815, 6,769. Chief town, Corydon.
Harrison, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana. Pop.
1,183.
Harrison, t. Franklin co. Indiana, on the N.
side of White water river, 8 m. above its mouth,
18 N. E. Brookville, 24 N. W. Cincinnati. In
this town are many interesting mounds of anti-
quity.
Harrisonburg, or Rockingham, p-t. and cap.
Rockingham co. Va. on a branch of the Shenan-
doah, 25 m. N. W. Staunton, 52 S. W. Stratsbui^.
It contains a court-house and jail, and 2 church-
es, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists.
Harrison Cape, cape, on the E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 57° W. Lat. 54° 9' N.
Harrison'' s store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Harrison's store, p-v. Franklin co. N. C.
Harrisonville, p-t. and cap. Monroe co. Illinois,
on the Mississippi, opposite Herculaneum, 40 m.
N. W. Kaskaskias.
Harrisville, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Harrisville, t. Medina co. Ohio.
Harrisville, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Ca-
diz.
Harrodsburg, p-t. Mercer co. Ken. on Salt riv-
er, 10 m. N. by W. Danville. It contains about
80 houses and a church. Here is a minerdl
spring, from which epsom salts are obtained, and
sold under the name of Harrodsburg salts.
Harrod''s creek, r. Ken. which runs into the
Ohio, 10 m. above Louisville. Near its mouth is
a fall of 6 or 7 feet.
Harrow-on-the Hill, v. Eng. in Middlesex, fa-
mous for its free school; 10 m. N. W. London.
Pop. 1,689.
Harrowgate^ v. Eng. in Yorkshire, famous for its
mineral springs. It is now one of the principal
watering places in the north of England . Pop.
1,583. 3 m. N. W. Knaresborough, 211 N. Lon-
don.
Harroicty, district. Hind, in Ajmeer, between
25° and 26° N. lat and intersected by the river
Chumbal.
Harsleben, t Prussian Saxony, on the Bode, 3
m. S. E. Halberstadt
Harso, small isl. inthe Baltic, near the coast of
Sweden. Lon. 17° 16' E. Lat 58° 44' N.
Hartberg, t. Styria, 34 m. N. E. Gratz. Lon.
16° 4' E. Lat 47° 15' N.
Hartenstein, t. Saxony, 6 m. S. E. Zwickau.
Hartford. See Hertford.
Hartford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 12 m. N. E.
Paris. Pop. 720.
Hartford, p-t Windsor co. Vt. on Connecticu*
river, 14 m. above Windsor. Pop. 1,831.
H A R
Hartford, co. Ct. on both sides of Connecticut
river, inclosed by the State of Massachusetts, and
the counties of Tolland, Middlesex, New-Haven
and Litchfield. Pop. 44,743. Chief town, Hart-
ford.
Hartford, city, Hartford co. Ct. and one of the
capitals of the State, is regularly laid out, on the
W. bank of Connecticut river, 50 miles from its
mouth, 14 m. N. Middletown, 34 N. N. E. New-
Haven, 42 N. VV. New-London, 74 W. Providence,
94 S. E. Albany, 98 W. S. W. Boston, 123 N. E.
New- York. It is advantageously situated for trade,
being at the head of sloop navigation, and having
an extensive, fertile, and thrifty back country.
The amount of shipping owned here is about 9,000
tons, and during the year 1816, 278 ships, brigs
and schooners, and more than 200 smaller vessels
ascended the river to this place. Pop. 3,955, and
including the township, 6,003.
The public buildings are a state-house, a
state arsenal, 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, 8
printing offices, from 4 of which newspapers are
issued, a museum, an academy, an asylum for the
deaf and dumb, and 6 houses for public worship.
There are also 8 distilleries, and manufacturing
establishments of various kinds. An elegant
bridge over the Connecticut, built at an expense
of more than <^ 100, 000, coimects the town with
East-Hartford.
The American Asylum for the education of
the deaf and dumb, established in this city in
1817, is the first institution of the kind in Ameri-
ca. It is under the direction of Rev. Thomas H.
Gallaudet, who visited the celebrated schools in
Europe to qualify himself for the charge. He has
4 assistants. The number of pupils in 1819, was
50. The Congress of the U. States has made a
generous grant to the Asylum of more than 23,000
acres of land ; and the Legislatures of some of the
States have made approj^riations for the support
of pupils. The success of the institution has hith-
erto been highly gratifying, and the improvement
of the pupils has equalled the most sanguine ex-
pectations of their friends.
Hartford, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. N. E.
Sandyhill, 54 N. Albany. Pop. 2,389.
Hartford, p-t. and cap. Pulaski co. Geo. on the
Oakmulge^50 m.from Milledgeville.
Hartford, p-t. and cap. Ohio co. Ken. Pop. 110.
Hartford, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. W. War-
ren.
Hartford, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana.
Harthe or Harta, t. Saxony, 22 m. S. E. Leipsic,
30 W.Dresden.
Hartland, fishing town, Eng. in Devonshire,
13 m. W. Bideford, 217 W. Condon.
Hartland, p-t. Windsor co. Vt.'on Connecticut
river, 7 m. above Windsor. Pop. 2,352.
Hartland, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 22 m. N. W.
Hartford. Pop. 1,284.
Hartland, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Laks Onta-
rio, N. E. of Buffalo.
Hartland Pointy cape, Eng. on the N. W. coast
af Devonshire, at the entrance into the Bristol
channel ; it forms the S. W. corner of Barnstaple
bay. Lon. 4° 30' W. Lat. 51° V N.
Hartlebary, v. Eng. in Worcestershire, near the
junction of the Stour with the Severn, 10 m. N.
Worcester.
Hartlepool, s-p. Eng. in Durham co. near the
mouth of the Tees, anciently a fortified town of
*reat strength. The harbour is now choked up,
«id the old defence- in rnim, Pop- 1.047; 19
40
HAS
313
m. E. Durham, 254 N. by W. London. Lon. 1'^
11' W. Lat. 54° 42' N.
Hartleton, p-t. Union co. Pa.
Hartley, or Hartley Pans, s-p. Eng. in Northum-
berland CO. It owes its prosperity chiefly to the
mineral riches of the neighbourhood, and to the
excellent harbour of Seaton Sluice, half a mile to
the north. The works are principally of coals,
salt, copperas, and glass. Pop. 1,872. 6 m. N.
Shields.
Hart''s store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Hartsville, p-v. Sumner co. Ten.
Hartville, or Hollow, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y.
Hartwick, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Susque-
hannah, 5 m. S. W. Cooperstown, 71 W. Albany.
Pop. 2,002.
Hartz, or Harz, a mountain tract in the interior
of Germany, lying chiefly in the south of Hanover,
70 miles long, and 20 broad ; valuable for its mines
and forests. Iron, copper, and lead, are wrought
here to a great extent, also zinc and sulphur, with
green, blue, and white vitriol. The inhabitant?
of the Hartz are exempt both from taxes and from
military service ; but a tenth of the produce of the
mines belongs to governjncnt. The iron mines
are the most productive ; and their annual tenth
yields a revenue of about 115,000Z. sterling.
Harvard, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. N. E,
Worcester. Pop. 1,431.
Harmrd College. See Cambridge, Mass.
Harvey's Isle, isl. of the Pacific. Lon. 158° 54'
W. Lat. 19° 18' S.
Harusa Island, isl. on the coast of Norway, be-
tween Bergen and Drontheim, N. of Broad sound.
Haratsh, an extensive range of mountains in
North Africa, situated to the east of Fezzan, where
it borders on the Lybian desert.
Harwich, s-p. Eng. on a peninsula on the Essex
coast, at the mouth of the Stour and the Orwell,
It is the port from which the packets sail regular-
ly in time of peace, for Holland and Gennany;
the seat of a navy yard ; and also a considerable
bathing place. The harbour is of great extent ;
and forms, united to the bay, a roadstead for Uie
largest ships of war. Upwards of 3,000 tons of
shipping, and 500 seamen, are employed in the
North sea fishery, and a constant traffic is carried
on up the rivers to Ipswich and Manningtree.
Harwich sends two members to parliament. Pop.
in 181 1, 3,732 : 71 m. N. E. of London. Lon. 1°
17' E. Lat. 51° 57' N.
Harwich, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
from Lake Erie to the river Thames.
Harwich, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 15 m. E.
Barnstable. Pop. 1,942. It extends across the pe-
ninsula, which is here 6 miles wide.
Harwinton, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on Naugatuck
river, which separates it from Litchfield ; 23 m.
W.Hartford. Pop. 1,718.
Harwood, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. W. Bury.
Pop. 1,432.
Harwood, Great, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 ra. N.
E. Blackburn. Pop. 1,676.
Harwood'' s Island, small isl. in the gulf of Geor-
gia. Lon. 235° 46' E. tat. 49° 50' N.
Harzgerode, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg,
near the Hartz mountains ; 24 m. S. W. Bernburg,
44 W. S. W. Dessau. Lon. 11° 20' E. Lat. 5P
40' N.
Hase, r. Hanover, in Osnaburg, which falls into
the Ems near Meppen.
Hasel, r. Saxony, which rwos into the Werra al
Eiohausen.
314
HAT
H A V
Haseloch, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 14 m.
S. W. Manheim, 9 N. N. E. Landau.
Haseloe, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, 12
m. N. Zealand. Lon. 11° 45' E. Lat. 56° 11' N.
Haselune, t. Hanover, on the Hase, 7 m. E.
Meppen.
Hatenpoth, t. Eu. Russia, in Courland. Lon.
21° 40' E. Lat. 56° 50' N.
Haslach, v. France, in Lo'wer Rhine, 18 m. W.
Strasburgh.
Hash, a large and fertile valley of the Swiss
canton of Bern. Pop. about 12,000. The capital is
Meyeringen.
Haslem, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat.
Lon. 11° 51' E. Lat. 66° 21' N.
Haskmere, t. Eng. in Surrey. It is a borough,
and sends two members to parliamenL
Haslingden, t, Eng. in Lancashire, on the river
Swinnel. Pop. 6,127. 17 m. N. Manchester,
203 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 18' W. Lat. 53°
42' N.
Hasparan, t. France, 13 m. S. E. Bayonne.
Hasseiah, t. Syria, 52 m. N. E. Damascus.
Hasseloe, small isl. Denmark, between Laaland
and Falster. Lon. 11° 54' E. Lat. 54° 44' N.
Hasselt, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Demer,
15 m. N. by W. Maestricht. Lon. 5° 23' E. Lat.
50° 56' N. Pop, 6,000.
Hasseltf t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
Zwartewater, 10 m. E. Campen. Lon. 6° 1' E,
Lat. 52° 38' N.
Hasser, properly jiseer, district, Hind, in Khan-
deish, between 21° and 22° N. lat.
Hasser, properly Aseerghur, t. and fort. Hind,
formerly the capital of Khandeish. Lon. 76° 21' E.
Lat. 21° 32' N.
Hasserode, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Nolzem-
me, 3 m. S. Wcrnigerode.
Hasslachy t, Baden, on the Kinzig, 22 m. N. N.
E. Freyberg.
Hassloch, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine. 5 m.
E. Neustadt, 9 W. N. W. Spire. Pop. 2,850.
Hasteeii's Ground, group of rocks in the Catte-
gat, about 12 m. N. of Zealand. Lon. 11° 45' E.
Lat.56oil'i\.
Hastenbeck, v. Hanover, in Calenberg, 5 m. 8.
E. Hameln.
Haste river mills, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Hastings, ancient borough, Eng. on the eastern
extremity of Sussex, famous for being the place
near which William the Conqueror landed in
England, and for the battle of Hastings fought in
the neighbourhoodjin which he gained the English
crown. It is now in great repute for sea bathing.
It is one of the cinque ports, and had formerly an
excellent harbour, which is now choked up. Pop.
in 1811, 3,848; 36 m. S. E. Tunbridge, 64 S. E.
London. Lon. 0° 35' E. Lat. 50° 52' N.
Hatborough, or Haljield, p-t Montgomery co.
Pa. on the N. side of Panepac creek, which runs
into the Delaware, 5 m. above Frankfort. Pop.
662.
Hatchy, navigable r. Tennessee, which runs in-
to the Mississippi, 19 m. N.^of Wolf river.
Haterash, or Karacsh, *a stupendous chain of
mountains in Koordistan, on the southern shore of
tlie lake of Van.
Hatfield, or Bishop'' s Hatfield, t. Eng. in Herts
CO. on the Lea. It formerly belonged to the bish-
ops of Ely, who had a palace here. Pop. 2,677. 19
m. N. London.
Hatjitld, V. Eng. in Yorkshire, in Hatfield
Chase. It is famous for the battle fought A. D.
633, by Edwin, the first christian king of North -
umbria, against Cadwallo, king of Wales, and
Penda, king of Mercia, The extensive level of
Hatfield Chase is said to contain ,180,000 acres.
Pop. 1,487. 10 m. N. Bawtry, 8 E. Doncaster.
Hatfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the W.
bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. N. Northampton.
Pop. 805. It is connected with Hadley by a
bridge.
Hatfield, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 652.
Hafliaz, t. Hungary, in Szabolcs, 11 m. N. De-
breczin. Lon. 21° 39' 17" E. Lat. 47° 40' 30" N.
Pop. 4,000.
Hatherleigh, i. Eng. in Devonshire, 28 m. N.
W. Exeter.
Hatley, t. Richelieu and Buckingham counties,
Lower Canada, on Lake Memphramagog. Pop.
1,000.
Hatrass, fort and t. Hind, in Agra, taken by the
British in February, 1817 ; 18 m. S. Coel. Lon.
78° E. Lat. 27° 40' N.
Hattem, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, near
the left bank of the Yssel. Pop. 2,400. 9 m. S. E.
Campen, 13 N. Deventer.
Hatteras, Cape, on the coast of N. C. Lon.
75° 30' W. Lat. 35° 15' N. The weather is often
tempestuous, and many a good vessel has been
wrecked on this cape.
Hatiiah, isl. Bengal, at the mouth of the Gan-
ges, between lat. 22° and 23° N. The East In-
dia company have here an extensive manufacto-
ry for salt.
Hattingen, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer,
25 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7° 8' E. Lat. 51°
18' N.
Hatvany, t. Hungary, in Hevesch, on the Za-
gyva, 35 m. E. N. E. Buda.
Hatzfeld, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Edder, 22
m. S. W. Waldeck, 42 S. W. Cassel.
Havannah, the capital of Cuba, on the N. coast,
at the mouth of the Lagida, with the sea in its
front. The harbour is by many esteemed the
best in the world, being capable of containing
commodiously 1,000 ships, without either cable or
anchor, there being generally six fathoms water
in the bay. The entrance is by a narrow chan-
nel, so very difficult of access, that only one vessel
can enter at once. The channel is strongly forti-
fied with platforms, works, and artillery, for half
a mile, which is the length of the passage. The
mouth of this channel is secured by two strong
castles. Besides these fortifications, the city is
surmounted with works, all of them furnished with
artillery even to profusion. A square citadel is
erected near the centre of the town, and is called
i:i Fuerte ; this worft has also heavy cannon. The
city contains 1 1 fine churches, 2 hospitals, a dock-
yard, lazaretto, and numerous other public build-
ings. During the stay of the fleet from Mexico, an
immense commerce is carried on. The importance
of this *ity and harbour has caused it to be re-
peatedly attacked. Pop. estimated at 60 or 70,000,
Lon. 82° 23' W. Lat. 23° 9' N.
Havanf, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 6 m. fr. Ports-
mouth.
Haubervillers, t. France, 3 m. N. E. Paris,
Haubourdin, t. France, 4 m. S. E. Lille, 14 N.
Douay.
Havel, navigable r. Germany, which joins the
Spree near Spandau, and falls into the Elbe below
Havelberg.
Havelberg, t. Brandenburg, in the Mark of Pri-
egnitz, on an island formed by the Havel, at it? in-
H A V
HAW
315
jflujc into the Elbe, 9 m. S. E. Perleberg, 56 N. W,
Berlin. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat. 52° 2' N. Pop.
2,000.
Hauenstein, district, extending along the Rhine,
between Waldsheet and Laufenburg, belonging to
tiie gi-and duchy of Baden. The passes of Hau-
enstein are of great importance to the defence of
Switzerland on the north. The town of Hauenstein
is 3 ra. E. Laufenburg.
Haverfordwest, t Wales, in Pembrokeshire, on
the W. branch of the Cleddau, which is navigable
at spring tides lor vessels of 100 tons burden. It
supplies the interior with goods, manufactures,
&c. It is a county of itself, and sends one mem-
ber to parliament.' Pop. 3,093. 8 m. N. Milford
Haven, 17 N. Pembroke. Lon. 4° 37' VV. Lat. 51°
48' N.
Haverhill, t. Eng, in Essex and Suffolk, 4 m. fr.
Clare.
Haverhill^ p-t. Grafton co.N. H. on Connecticut
river, 30 m. above Dartmouth college, 31 N. W.
Plymouth, 60 N, Concord. Pop. 1,103. The courts
of the county are held alternately here and at
Plymouth. The village is handsomely built, and
contains a court-house, jail, an academy, and a
Congregational church.
Haverhill, p-t. Essex co. Mass. pleasantly situ-
ated on the N. side of Merrimack river, 12 m. W.
S. VV. Newburyport, 27 N. Salem, 31 N. Boston.
Pop. 2,682. Many of the houses are neat and
well finished. The town is chiefly built on
two streets, the principal of which runs parallel
with the river. It contains 4 houses of public
worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap-
tists, 2 printing offices, and several manufac-
turing establishments. The river is navigable to
this place for vessels of 100 tons, and the trade
with the back country is considerable. Ship-
building is carried on here to some extent. An
elegant bridge across the Merrimack, 650 feet
long, and 34 wide, connects Haverhill with Brad-
ford.
Haverstraw, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 40 m. N. New-York. Pop. 1,866.
Havilah, in Sac. Geog. 2 districts in Yemen,
Arabia, one of which was inhabited by the de-
scendents of Ham, and the other by the descend-
ents of Shem. The Havilah, mentioned Gen. 2d
c:hap. is supposed by some to be a general name
for Arabia, and by others to be a country on the
Euxine sea.
Haupoul, t. France, 11 m. S. E. Castres, 17 N.
<i;arcassonne. Pop. 3,050.
Havre de Grace, s-p. France, at the influx of the
Seine into the English channel. It is strongly
fartified. The harbour is capable of containing
(!00 or 700 vessels, and has a depth sufficient for
ships of war of 60 guns. It is a place of mucli com-
mercial activity. Its importance arises from its
being the only eligible harbour along the whole
coast from Cherburg ; from the extensive iiiiand
intercourse opened by the navigation of the Seine ;
ciud, above ail, from its being the seaport of Paris.
Its fortifications were brought to their present
state of perfection under the government of Bona-
parte. 45 m. W.Rouen, 112 N. W. Paris. Lon.
0° 6' E. Lat. 49° 29' N. Pop. 20,620.
Havre de Grace, p-t. and port of entry, Har-
ford CO. Md. on the W. side of the Susquehanoah,
nt its confluence with Chesapeake bay, 6 m. W.
Charleston, 37 N. E. Baltimore, '63 W. S. W.
J^hiladelphia, Lon 76° 12' W. Lat 39° 33' N. It
contains 40 or 60 houses. Amount of shipping in
1816, 1,636 tons.
Hauruca Isle, one of the Amboyna isles. Lon.
128° 40' E. Lat. 3° 40' S.
Hausach. See Hausen.
Hausdorf, v. Silesia, in Glatz, 6 m. E. by N.
Glatz.
Hamen, or Havsach^ v. Baden, on the Kinzig,
20 m. N. E. Rothwcil, 26 S. E. Strasburg.
Uausruckviertel, a circle of Upper Austria,
bounded by the Danube, the circle of the Traun,
and Bavaria, so called from the Hausruck, a
mountain and great forest within its circuit. The
capital is Lintz.
Haute, or Holt, isl, the southernmost of the large
islands in Penobscot bay, Maine.
Hauteville la Guichard, v. France, iu la Manche,
9 m. N. E. Coutances.
Hauville, t. France, in Eure, 10 m. E. by N.
Pont Audemer.
Haw, r. N. C. which rises near the N. border of
the State, and joins Deep river to form the N. W.
branch of Cape Fear river. It may be easily made
navigable for 50 miles.
Hawarden, Harraden, or Harding, t. Wales, in
Flintshire. Here is a large iron founder>-. Pop.
4,436. 7 m. W. Chester. Lon. 3° I' W. Lat. 530
11' N.
Haioeeza river. See Kerah.
Haweeza, city, situated on the river Kerah, 50
m. N. N. E. Bassora.
Haices, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S. W. Rict-
mond.
Hawick, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. situated
at the confluence of the Tiviot and Slitrig. Lon.
2° 47' W. Lat. 35° 26' N. Fop. in 1811, 3,036.
Hawk''s Bay, bay on the coast of Alabama,
westward of the mouth of Mobile bay, between
Pelican and Dauphine islands.
Hawke, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 412.
Hatckesbury, t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on the
Ottawa.
Hawkesbzcri/ Island, isl, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 53° 36' N.
Huwkesbury, r. New Holland, which falls into
Broken bay on the E. coast. It rises among the
Blue mountains far in the interior. Settlements
are made on its banks by the British colony in
New South Wales. Vessels of 200 tons can as-
cend 120 miles. After heavy rains, the river will
frequently rise suddenly to the height of 70 or 80
feet above its ordinary level, sweeping the adja-
cent country with wide inundation, carrying
away the flocks, herds, and habitations of the set-
tlers.
Hawkeshead, t. Eng. in Lancashire, in a valle^'j
between the lakes of Windermere and Coniston,
and in the midst of great iron forges and furnaces.
38 m. N. W. Lancaster. Lon. 2<= 29' W. Lat. 54<^
22' N. Pop. 676.
Hawkins, co. Tennessee, on Holston river.
Pop. 7,643. Slaves, 930. Chief town, Rogers-
ville.
Hawkin''s Island, isl. off the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince William's Sound. Lon. 214°
10' E. Lat. 60° 28' N.
Hatvksbill mills, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Hawley, p-t Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. S. W. by
W. Greenfield, 120 W. Boston. Pop. 1,031.
Haworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. W.
Reighlev. Pop. 3,974,
316
H E A
Mail} river, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Haws, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshit*, •«^hich
falls into the Severn at Aberhaws.
Hay, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, on the Wye.
15 m. N. Brecon, 21 W. Hereford. Pop. 1,100.
Hayaa/, r. Quito, which joins the Manay near
its entrance into the Amazon.
Hay cock, small isl. Pa. in the Delaware, 7 m.
below Eagton.
Haycock, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 836.
Hayde, t. Bohemia, 26 m. S. E. Egra, 24 W.
Pilsen.
Hayden, or Ampezso, t.Tyrol, 14 m. S. Bruneggc
Haydenheim. See Hcidenheim.
Haydon Bridge, v. Eng. in Northumberland co.
on the South Tyne, 6 m. W. Hexham. Pop. 1,347.
Haye, La, t. France, 30 m. S. Tour?.
Haye du Puits, La, t. France, in La Manche,
12 m. N. Cotitances.
Hayes, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 3 m. S. E. Ux-
bridge.
Hayger, t. duchy of Nassau, on the Dill, 12 m.
E. S. E. Siegen.
Hayle, v. Eng. in Cornwall, on the river Hayle.
Haymarket, p-v. Prince William co. Va.
Haymarket, v. Muskingham co. Ohio, on the
Muskingum, 9 m. above Zanesville.
Haynes, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,791.
Haynichen, t. Saxony, on the Strignitz, 25 m.
W. Dresden. Lon. 13° 3' E. Lat. 50'^ 37' N.
Hayti. See Hispaniola.
Haywood, CO. N.C. Pop. 2,780. Slaves, 171.
Haywoodsborough, p-t. Chatham co. N. C. on
IheN. W. branch of Cape Fear river, at thejforks,
40 m. above Fayetteville, 46 from Raleigh. Ef-
forts are making to extend the navigation of the
river to this place.
Hazard, or Richmond Bay, in Hudson's bay.
Lon. 75° 50' W. Lat. 56° 35' N.
Hazaree Bang, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85^ 20'
E. Lat. 23° 58' N.
Hazebrouk, t. France, 27 m. W. by N. Lille.
Lon. 2° 37' E. Lat. 50° 43' N. Pop. 6,600.
Hazeratnagur, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 78° 55'
E. Lat. 29° 8' N.
Hazir, t. Koordistan, on the river Hazir, at its
union with the Aras, 33 m. S. W. Erbil.
Hazle green, p-v. Madison co. Missouri.
Hazle patch, or Rice's, p-v. Knox co. Ken.
Hasletoii' s ferry, p-v. Knox co. Indiana.
Hazor, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe of
Naphtali. It is also the name of a town in the
tribe of Benjamin ; also of a country of Arabia.
Hazy Islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 225° 42' E.
Lat. 55° 55' N.
Hea, province of Morocco, on the Atlantic
. coast. "The chief town is Mogodor.
Head of Chester, p-v. Kent co. Md.
Head of Cow neck, p-v. Queen co. N. Y.
Head of Sassafras, p-v. Kent co. Md.
Headingley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Aire,
2i m. N. W. Leeds.
Healthy Cove, hti.y of the island of Jamaica,, on
the S. coast. Lon. 77° W. Lat. 17° 44' N.
Heanor, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 9 m. N. E. Der-
by. Pop. 1,912.
Heap, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. S. E. Bury.
Pop. 5,148.
Heath, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 ra. S. E. Wake-
field.
Heath, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. N. W.
Gr«enfield. Pop. 917.
H E D
Heathjield, parish, Eng. in Sussex, 8 m. N. Hail-
sham. On the down here, was fought the cele-
brated battle of Hastings.
Heath Point, the S. E. extremity of Anticosti
island. Lon. 62° W. Lat. 49° 6' N.
Heaton Kirk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. N. by
E. Huddersfield.
Heaton J^orris, t. Eng. in Lancashire, separated
from Stockport by the Mersey. Pop. 4,532. 5
m. S. E. Manchester.
Heavitree, v. Eng. in Devonshire, li m. from
Exeter.
Hebrides, or Western Islands, a cluster of islands
on the W. coast of Scotland, they extend about
180 miles, from the Butt of Lewis, in 58° 35' N.
lat. to the small island of Sanday, in 55° 23'.
These islands were anciently called Ebudae, He-
bridae, and afterwards Hebrides. The principal are
Lewis, Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South
Uist, Sky, Mull, Jura, and Isla. The whole num-
ber of islands and rocks are estimated to amount
to 300, of which 86 are inhabited, and are esti-
mated to contain 70,000 inhabitants.
Hebrides, JVeu>, group of islands in the Pacific
ocean, between lon. 166° 41' and 170° 21' E. and
lat. 14° 29' and 20"^ 4' S. They were discovered by
Quiros in 1506. The soil appears in general to be
fertile. The islands are inhabited by different ra-
ces of people, and in general, they wantthat sym-
metry of stature possessed by the natives in the
other islands of the Southern Pacific ocean.
Hebron, or Kirjath Arba, in Sac. Geog. t. Pal-
estine, situated partly on a hill, near the plain of
Mamre, 27 m. S. W. Jerusalem. The place still
retains the name Hebron, and is the resoi-t of pil-
grims, both Mahometan and Christian.
Hebron, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 9 m. S. Paris, 35
N. by W, Portland. Pop. 1,211.
Hebron, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 35 m. N. Con-
cord. Pop. 563.
Hebron, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 20 m. S. E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 2,002. It contains 3 churches, 2 for
Congregationalists and 1 for Episcopalians.
Hebron, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. N.
Salem. Pop. 2,430.
Hebms, river in Thrace. See Marisza.
Hechingen, t. in the south-west of Germ:iny, the
capital of the principality of HohenzoUern, situa-
ted on the Starzel. It contains 2,600 inhabitants,
and has some woollen manufactures ; it is the res-
idence of the prince, and the seat of the different
courts of the principality. 30 m.. S. Stutgard, 60
E. S. E. Strasburg. For the principality, see Ho-
henzoUern.
Heckmondwick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. from
Wakefield. Pop. 2,324.
Hecla, a volcanic mountain of Iceland, in the S.
part of the island, near the coast. Its height ex-
ceeds 5,000 feet. Though it has remained tran-
quil for half a century, the number and extent of
its eruptions formerlyhave been greater than those
of almost any other volcano.
Hecstadt. See Hetlstadt.
Hector, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. bordering on
Seneca and Cayuga lakes, 10 m. S. Ovid. Pop.
1,653.
Hector Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 51° 57' 20' N.
Heddinge, or Star Heding, t. Denmark, in the
island of Zealand, on the Sound, 20 m. S. S. W.
Copenhagen. Lon. 12° 24' E. Lat. 55° 19' N.
HedemorOi t. Sweden, in Dalecarlie, on the lake
H E I
H E L
317
of Hoira, 67 m. W. N. W. Upsal. Loa. 15® 54'
E. Lat. 60° 13' N.
Hcdemundeny t. Hanover, on the Werra, 14 m.
S. Gottingen.
Hedesunda, t. Sweden, in Gestricia, 20 m. S.
Gefle, Lon. 16° 49' E. Lat. 60° 25' N.
Hedic Island, small isl. on the W. coast of
France, 5 m. N. E. Belleisle.
Hedon, or Headon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, for-
merly a place of considerable trade, but now
! much declined. It sends 2 members to parliament.
. Pop. 780. 8 m. E. Hull. Lon. 0° 9' W. Lat. 53«
'; 45' N.
I HedsjaSf one of the divisions of modern Arabia.
It extends along the Red sea, from Mount Sinai to
the frontier of Yemen. The principal towns are
Mecca and Medina.
Heepen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 22 m. S. S. W.
j Minden, 5 E. by N. Bielefeld.
I Heerenveen, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m.
S. S. E. Leeuwarden.
I Heeringen, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Helme,
6 m. S. E. Nordhausen, 37 N. Erfurt. Pop. 1,600.
Heerlen, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 14 m. N.
W. Maestricht. Pop. 3,500.
Heermund, r. Persia, which rises near Cabul,
and after a course of about 400 miles, falls into the
lake of Zerrah, in Seistan.
Heidelberg, ancient city, Germany, in Baden,
on the Neckar, at the loot of a mountain called the
Giesberg. Heidelberg has long been a celebrated
place of education. Its university was founded in
1386. A liberal grant is made to it annually, and
its reputation is increasing. The grand duke
of Baden, whose religion is the Lutheran, is
himself rector. The number ol professors is
26, that of students between 600 and 600. The
library contains 45,000 volumes. Several lit-
erary journals are published in Heidelberg.
The churches are, 4 Protestant, 1 Catholic, and
one synagogue. 10 m. S. S. E. Manheim, 14 N.
E. Spire. Lon. 8° 41' E. Lat. 49° 24' N. Pop.
9,826.
Heidelberg, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 33 m. E. Harris-
burg, 74 N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 3,532.
Heidelberg, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,087.
Heidelberg, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 2,802.
Heidelberg, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,433.
Heidelsheim, t. Germany, in Baden, on the
Salzbach, 17 m. S. Heidelberg, 14 S. E. Spire.
Pop. 1,850.
Heidenheim, t. Bavarian states, 17 m. S. Ana-
pach. Pop. 1,800.
Heidenheim, t. Wirtemburg, on the Brenz, 21
m. N. W. Ulm, 50 E. N. E. Stutgard. Pop.
1,900.
Heila. See Hela.
Heilbronn, t. Wirtemburg, on the Neckar. It
has a well endowed academy, a public library, and
an orphan-house. 9 m. N. W. Lauenstein, 25 N.
Stutgard. Lon. 9° 8' E. Lat. 49° 7' N. Pop.
6,500.
Heiligenbeil, t. East Prussia, on the Jarfl, 28 m.
S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,000.
Heiligenhaven, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the
Baltic, opposite the island of Femern, 40 m. N. by
E. Lubeck. Lon. 10° 48' E. Lat. 54° 27' N.
Heiligenheim, s-p. Holstein, 30 m. E. N. E. Kiel.
Lon. 10° 57' E. Lat. 54° 23' N.
Heiligenstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, near the
Leine, cap. of Eiehsfeld, 49 m. N. W. Erfurt. Pop.
3,550.
Heilsbti-g, t. E. Prussia, on tlie river AUe, 36
m. S. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,300.
Heimseim, or Heimsheim, t. Wirtemburg, 2 jn
W. N. W. Stutgard.
Heinkensand, v. Netherlands, on the island of
South Beveland, 17 m. E. Flushing.
Heinrichs, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Hasel, 9
m. E. S. E. Meinungen.
Heinsberg, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Juliers,
10 m. S. E. Ruremond.
Heinsen, v. Hanover, on the Weser, 30 m. N.
W. Hanover.
Heisker, small isl. of the Hebrides, about 2
leagues W. North Uist. Lon. 7° 51' W. Lat. 57»
46' N.
Heitersheim, t. Baden, on the borders of the
Black forest, 10 m. S. Brisac, 20 N. N. E. Bale.
Heitsbury. See Heytsbury.
Hel, r. Eng. in Cornwall, which falls into the
Channel, 4 m. S. Falmouth.
Hela, t. West Prussia, on a peninsula, whioh
runs into the Baltic. 19 m. N. by E. Dantzij.
Lon. 18° 6' E. Lat. 44° 37' N.
Helbon, in Sac. Geog. the modern AleppQ. It
was famous for its wine.
Heldburg, t. Saxony, principality of Saxe-Hild-
burghhausen, 13 m. W. Coburg.
Helder, t. North Holland, opposite the Texel,
with a strong fortress to defend the entrance and
road of Mars-Diep. Fop. 2,400. 24 m. N. Alk'
maar. Lon. 4° 43' E. Lat. 53° 2' N.
Heldrungen, t. Prussian Saxony, in Quefurt,
near the Unstrut. Pop. 1,050. 20 m. N. Wei-
mar. Lon. 1 1° 20' E. Lat. 51° 1 7' N.
Helen, Bath of, remakable spring in Thrace,
near Cenchreae.
Helena, Si. See St. Helena.
Helensburgh, v. Scotland, on the Clyde, oppO'
site Greenock.
Helgra, r. Sweden, which falls into the Baltic,
about 10 m. S. Christians tadt.
Helicon a celebrated mountain of Greece, in
Boeotia, near the gulf of Corinth. The modern
name is Sagara.
Heligola7id, or Helgoland, isl. in the North sea,
about 28 m. from the mouths of the Weser, the
Elbe, and the Eyder. On the High Land is a
light-house, in 7° 53' 13" E. lon. and 54° 11' 34'
N. lat. which is visible at a distance of more than
27 miles. The island has two good harbours.
The inhabitants in number, above 2,000, subsist
chiefly by fishing and acting as pilots. The island
was taken by a British squadron in 1807, and ren-
dered a depot for merchandize, which was smug-
gled afterwards into the ports of the continent. It
is still retained by the British.
Hellgate, strait, in East river, N. Y. 8 m. from
New- York. It consists of numerous whirlpools
among the rooks which here form the bed of the
river. The tides meet at Frog's point, a few
miles above, and at certain times of the tide, the
roaring of the whirlpools is tremendous. Vessels
of any burthen may be conducted through this
strait by a skilful pilot.
HelVs Skerries, small islands of the Hebrides.
Lon.6°53'W. Lat. 57°N.
Hellah. See Hillah.
Hellespont^ now the Dardanelles, the ancient
name of the long strait which divides Asia from
Europe, and extends from the iEgean Archipelago
to the sea of Marmora. Its breadth varies from 5
to 2 miles.
Heikt Attais. See Allais.
318
HEM
HEN
Hellin, t. Spain, 19 m. S. Chinchilla. Lon. I*'
38' W. Lat. 41° 17' N. Pop. 6,100.
HelmCy r. Thuringia, which runs into the Un3-
trut at Artem. 6 m. S. Sondershausen.
Helmershaicsen, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Diemel,
22 m. W. Gottingen.
Helmont, or Helmond, t. Brabant, on the Aa, 13
m. S. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 2,300,
Helmsdale, r. Scotland, which falls into the Ger-
man ocean, 3 m. S. of the Ord of Caithness.
Helmsley, or Helmsley Blackmoor., t. Eng. in
Yorkshire, 22 m. N. York. Lon. 1° 4' .W. Lat.
54° 15' N.
Helmsiadt, t. of the states of Brunswick, in the
principality of Wolfenbuttel. Though small, it
contains several buildings worth notice, such as the
church of St. Stephen, and the council-house. It
had a university founded in 1573, but it was sup-
pressed in 1809, and part of its library was sent to
Gottingen. 21 m. N. Halberstadt, 24 E. Wolfen-
buttel. Lon. 10° 59' E. Lat. 52° 13' N.
Helnaes, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt, Lon.
10° 2- E. Lat, 55° 9' N.
Helsingborg, t. Sweden, on the Sound, opposite
Elsinore. A pier of stone was lately construc-
ted, which has greatly improved the port. The
width of the sound is about three miles. Here is
the principal ferry from Sweden to Denmark.
Pop. 2, 150. 30 m. N. W. Lund. Lon. 12^43' E.
Lat . 56° 2' N.
Helsingfors, t. Finland, at the mouth of the
Wanna, with a very good harbour. The Rus-
sians are now (1819) engaged in improvements,
which will make it an important naval station. 104
m. E. S. E. Abo. Lon. 25° E. Lat. 60° 10' N.
Pop. 3,200.
Helsingland, province, Sweden, bounded by the
gulf of Bothnia, and by Gestricia, and Dalecarlia.
Extent, 4,470 square miles. Pop. 52,000. The
chief exports are iron and wood.
Helsingo, and Helsingoren, 2 small islands in tlie
gulf of Bothnia, in lon. 22° 30' E. lat 63° 46' N.
Helsingoer. See Ebinotr.
Helsione, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on,, the Cober,
near its mouth. It has a good harbour, and con-
siderable trade. It sends 2 members to parlia-
ment. Pop. 2,297. 12 ra. E. Penzance. Lon.
5° 16' W. Lat. 50° 6' N.
Helvoetsluys, a fortified t. S. Holland, on the S.
side of the island of Voorn. It has an excellent
harbour, large enough to contain the whole Dutch
navy. Here are extensive magazines and dock-
yards for the construction and repair of ships of
war; also a naval school, supported by govern-
ment. This is the regular station for packets to
England. 30 m. N. E. Middleburg. Lon. 4° 7'
E. Lat 51° 49' N.
Helwickhead, cape, Ireland, the S. point of the
entrance into Dungarvan bay. Lon. 7° 33' W.
Lat. 52° 2' N.
Hemel Hempstead, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire,
23 m. N. W. London. Lon. 0° 29' W. Lat 51° 45'
N. Pop. 3,240.
Hemlock, lake, in Livonia, Ontario co. N. Y. 6
miles long and 4 broad, which communicates by
its outlet with Honeoy creek.
Hemmait, t. Bavarian states, 14 m. W. Ratis-
bon.
Hemmingford, t Huntingdon co. Lower Cana-
da, on the Province line, 34 m. S. Montreal.
Hempfiehd., t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop.
3,444.
Hemjifield, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the Susquc*
hannah. Pop. 3,431.
Hempstead, p-t. Queens co. Long-Island, N. Y.
22 m. E. New- York. Pop. 5,804. It is on the S.
shore, and comprises Rockaway beach, which is
much resorted to for sea bathing. The principal
part of Hempstead plain is in this town.
Hempstead plain, an extensive plain on Long-
Island N. Y. in Queens co. It is 15 miles long
and 4 broad, and has no natural growth ex-
cept wild grass and a few shrubs. Large herds of
cattle feed upon it, and a part of it is now brought
under cultivation.
Hems, city, Syria, on the borders of the desert,
on the site oftJie ancient Emesa. 120 m. S. Aleppo,
83 N. Damascus. Lon. 37° 20' E. Lat. 34° 25' N.
Hemsbach, t Baden, 11 m. N. E. Manheim.
Hen and Chickens, small islands near the coast
of New Zealand. Lon. 180° 1' W. Lat. 35«>
53' S.
Hen and Chickens, small islands in the Eastern
seas. Lon. 1 1 8° 3' E. Lat. 5° 30' S.
Henderson, p-t Jefferson co. N. Y. on Lake On-
tario, 8 m. S. of the mouth of Black river. Pop.
1,138.
Henderson, co. in the N. W. part of Kentucky.
Pop. 4,703. Slaves, 1,514.
Henderson^ p-t. and cap. Henderson co. Ken. on
the Ohio, 75 m. below Louisville, 30 from Yellow
Banks. Pop. 159. It has considerable trade with
New-Orleans, principally in tobacco and cotton,
Henderso7is, p-t. York co. S. C.
Hendersonton, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co.
N. C.
Hendersonville, p-v. Nottaway co. Va.
Hendersonville, p-v, Newbury co. S. C.
Hendersonville, p-v. Sumner co. Ten.
Hendrick's store, p-v. Bedford co. Va.
Heneago, or Heneaguas, the two most southern
of the Bahama islands. Great Heneago, the larg-
est, is 45 miles long, and 19 wide.
Henery, or Hundry, isl. about 10 m. S. Bombay,
and 1,200 yards from the mainland.
Henfenfeld, v. Bavarian states, in Nuremberg,
3 m. S. Hersbruck.
Hengestruby Head, headland, Eng. in the chan-
nel, 2 m. S. Christchurch.
Henin-Lietard, t France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6
m. N. W. Douay. Pop. 2,400.
Henley in Arden, t. Eng. in Warwick, 14 m. S.
Birmingham.
Henley upon Thames, t. Eng. in Oxford, on the
Thames, 35 m, W. London. Pop. 3,117.
Henley House, station of the Hudson's Bay
Company, in New South Wales, on Albany river,
150 m. S. W, Albany fort. Lon. 85° 5' 34" W.
Lat 540 14'27"N.
Henlopen, Cape, Del. the S. W. point at the en-
trance of Delaware river, 28 m. fr. Cape May.
Lon. 75° 6' W. Lat. 38° 47' N. Here is a light-
house.
Henneberg, formerly a county of Saxony, lying
N. of the principality of Wurzburg. Extent, 850
sq. miles. Pop. about 100,000.
Hennebon, t. France, in Morbihan, on the Bla-
vet, 6 m. N. E. L'Orient. Lon. 3^ 17' W. Lat.
470 48' N. Pop. 4,600.
Hennersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 3 m.
W. Lobau. Pop. 4,300.
Hennersdorf, v. Prussian Sileeia, in Liegpiitz, 5
m. N. bv W. Lauba», 67 E-. Dresden. Pop.
3.500.
HER
Htnnersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m.
>J. by W. Zittau. Pop. 3,000.
Henniker, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 13 m. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,608.
Henrichemojit, or Boisbelk, t. France, in Cher,
14 m. S. W. Sanccrre, 20 N. E. Bourges. Lon.
a° 36' E. Lat. 47° 18' N. Pop. 2,600.
Henrico, co. Va, inclosed by the counties of
Hanover, Charles city, and Goochland, and by
James river. Pop. 9,945. Slaves, 4,456. Chief
tbwn, Richmond.
Henrietta, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee
river.
Henrietta, Maria Cape, on the W. coast of
James's bay. Lon. 82° 30' W. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Henry, co. Va. inclosed by Franklin, Patrick,
Grayson, and Montgomery counties. Pop. 5,611.
Slaves, 1,755. Chief town, Martinsville.
Henry, Cape, Va.the S. point at the entrance of
Chesapeake bav, 12 m. S. Cape Charles. Lon.
76*^ W. Lat. 36° 58' xN.
Henry, co. Alabama.
Henry, co. Ken. on the W. side of Kentucky
river, at its confluence with the Ohio. Pop. 6,777.
Slaves, 1,137. Chief town, Newcastle.
Henry, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, formed in
1820, in the Indian reservation.
Henry, Cape, on the W. sliore of Queen Char-
lotte's island. Lon. 227° 45i' E. Lat. 52° 53' N.
Henshaw, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, N. W. of War-
ren.
Henshaic''s Town, t. Calabar, in Africa, at the
mouth of Old Calabar river. Lat. 5>^ 27' N.
Henslow, Cape, New Georgia. Lon. 160° 38'
E. Lat. 10° S.
Heppenheim, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Berg-
strass, 17 m. N. N. W. Heidelburg. Pop. 3,200.
Hepionstall, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. W. Hal-
Sdx. Pop. 3,647.
Hepworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S. Hud-
dersfield.
Heraclea, an ancient seaport and citadel of
Greece, on the gulf of Salonica, 24 m. N. E. La-
pissa, 43 S. S. W. Salonica.
Heraclea. See Eraklea.
Heraclias, small isl. of the Grecian Archipe-
lago, 5 m. S. Naxia. Lon. 25° 29' E. Lat. 36°
49' N.
Herat, city, of Khorassan, in Persia, on the
high-road from Persia and Tartary to Hindostan.
k has been, from time immemorial, the route of
all the caravans, and the depot of the commerce
carried on between the three countries, by which
its inhabitants amassed great wealth ; and it has
also been the route of all the invading armies,
and has been often plundered, sacked, and burnt,
h noAv belongs to Afghanistan. Lon. 62° 20' E.
Lat. 34° 50' N.
Herault, department of France, on the Medi-
terranean. Extent, 2,830 sq. miles. Pop. 300,000.
Montpelier is the capital.
Herault, r. France, which runs into the Medi-
terranean, below Agde, in lon. 3° 40' E. lat. 43°
WN.
Herbignac, t. France, 20 m. N. W. Savenay, 14
W. Pont Chateau. Pop. 2,700.
Herbom, t. duchy of Nassau, on the Dill, 3 m.
S. S. E. Dillenburg. Pop. 2,400.
Herbsiein, t. Hesse-Ca=sel, 13 m. W. Fulda.
Herck, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 23 m. N.W.
Maestri cht.
Hercole, isl. in the Tuscan sea. Lon- 12® 11' E.
Lat, 42° 26' N.
HER
319
Herculaneum, ancient city, Italy, 5 m. E. by S-,
Naples. It was destroyed by an eruption of Mount
Vesuvius, A. D. 79 ; and its site had long been a
matter of doubtful discussion, as it had been com-
pletely buried under volcanic substances to a
depth of 70 feet. At last, a peasant, in 1711,
digging a well in his garden, found some pieces of
fine marble. Excavations were soon commen(;ed,
and a number of pillars, an amphitheatre in good
preservation, a basilica, two temples, and a thea-
tre were discovered. Whole streets have since
been cleared, and are found to be paved and flag-
ged on the sides. A number of bronze statues of
all sizes, have been obtained ; likewise pillars of
marble and alabaster, mosaics and paintings, ma-
ny of them in high preservation, various orna-
ments of dress, kitchen utensils, household furni-
ture, surgical instruments, and other implements
of all kinds. The whole is calculated to con-
vey a complete idea of the manners of the age,
and to correct a number of erroneous ideas of
the arts and habits of the ancients. The
most valuable remains, however, are the manu-
scripts. These are all calcined, and a number of
them sunk into dust when exposed to the air.
About 1800, however, have been preserved ; and
there is reason to expect that many more may still
be found, and among them, perhaps some of the
missing classics. It appears that the inhabitants of
this city had time to escape when it was destroy-
ed, as very few skeletons are found, while at Pom-
peii the number of skeletons is very considerable.
Herculaneum, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Mis-
souri, on the Mississippi, 30 m. below St. Louis,
30 above St. Genevieve, 36 from Mine a Burton
in the centre of the lead-mine country. Here
are store-houses for the lead, and several shot
towers, where shot is made. The value of lead
exported from this place in 1 8 months, from Dec.
1816, to June 1818, was $170,000.
Herdicke, or Marien Herdicke, t. Prussian West-
phalia, 4 m. S. W^ Schwerte.
Hereford, one of the western counties of Eng-
land, on the borders of Wales, distinguished for
the variety and excellence of its agricultural pro-
ducts. It is bounded N. by Shropshire, S. by
Gloucester and Monmouth, E. by Worcester, and
W. by Brecknock and Radnor. " Extent, 600,000
acres, or 970 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811, 94,073;
12,700 families employed in agriculture, 5,043 in
trade, and 2,438 otherwise.
Hereford, an ancient city, Eng. in Hereford-
shire, on the N. bank of the Wye. It has never
risen to any eminence either in trade or manu-
factures. It sends 2 members to parliament. Pop,
in 1811, 7,306. 30 m. N. W. Gloucester, 32 W.
S. W. Worcester, 136 W. N. W. London. Lon.
2° 42' W. Lat. 52° 3' N.
Hereford, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the Province line, 96 m. S. S. E. Three -Rivers,
Pop. 200.
Hereford, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1 , 1 40.
Herenscarpel, v. North Holland, 7 m. N. Alk
maar.
Herethals, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, 16 m.
N. E. Malines. Lon. 4° 50' 29" E. Lat. 51° 10'
45" N. Pop. 3,000.
Herestall, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the We-
ser, 34 m. E. Paderborn.
Herford, or Hervorden, t. Prussian Westphalia,
at the confluence of the Werra and the Aa, 11 m
E. N. E. Ravensberg. l^». ?P 25' E. Lat. 52«'
8' N. Pod. 5,100,
32»
HER
HER
Sergest's Islands, a group of islandt^, iu the Pa-
cific ocean. They consist of Riou's, Trevenen's,
Sir Henry Martin's, and Robert's isles, and ex-
tend from lat. 7° 53' to 9° 14' S. and from Ion. 219^
47' to 220° 21' E.
Hergest's Rocks, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
219° 42' E. Lat. 7° 38' S.
Heri, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 3 m. N. W.
Ternate. Lon. 127° 8' E. Lat. 0« 54' N.
Hericourt, t. France, in Upper Saone, 25 m. E.
Vesoul.
Heijedalen, district, Sweden, now included in
Gefleboi^stoen, and bounded N. by Jemptland, and
W. by Norway. Extent, 3,200 sq. miles. Pop.
4,000.
Herinnes, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 17
m. W. Nivelles.
Herisau, t. Swiss canton of Appenzel, 27 m. S.
W. St. Gall. Lon. 16° 25' E. Lat. 47° 23' 16" N.
Heriura, t. India, in Mysore, on the Vedawatti.
Lou. 76° 37' E. Lat. 13° 46' N.
Herkimer, co. N. Y. on both sides of the Mo-
hawk, inclosed by the counties of St. Lawrence,
JHamilton, Montgomery, Otsego, Oneida, and
Lewis. Pop. 22,060. Chief town, Herkimer.
Herkimer, p-t. and cap. Herkimer co. N. Y. on
the N. side of the Mohawk, 14 m, below Utica,
78 W. Albany. Pop. 2,743. The public build-
ings are a court-house and jail, and a church. It
contains 2 considerable villages : Herkimer vil-
lage is on the W. bank of West Canada creek,
which here enters the Mohawk; the village of
Little Falls is on the Mohawk, at the Little falls,
round which there is a canal, and has great advan-
tages for water works.
Herkla, t. on the coast of Tunis, the Adrume-
tum of the earlier ages, the Justiniana of the
middle, and the Heraclea of the lower empire ; 45
m. S. Tunis.
Hermannstadt, or Szeben, (the ancient Cibinium,
or Hermanopolis,) large t. Transylvania, on the
river Szeben, in a beautiful plain. It is the chief
town of the Saxon settlers in Transylvania, the
place of deposit for their archives, and the seat of
some establishments for the education of Protes-
tants. It was formerly the capital of Transylvania,
but in 1790, the seat of government was removed
to Clausenburg. 30 m. S. E, Weissenburg, 392 S.
E. Vienna. Lon. 24° 4' E. Lat. 45° 47' N.' Pop.
16,000.
Hermanos, 2 small islands of the Philippines,
tbout 30 m. E. Mindoro. Lon. 121° 42' E. Lat.
13° 6' N.
Hermitage, a hill of France, on the right bank
of the Rhone, N. of Valence. The noted wine,
called "Hermitage," is produced here.
Hermitage, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va.
Her mite's Islands, islands before Nassau bay, at
the S. extremity of Terra del Fuego,
Herman, in Sac. Geog. called also Shenir and
Sirion, a mountain in the N. E. part of Canaan.
Its modem name is Djebel el Sheh.
Hermon, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 7 m. W. Ban-
gor.
Hermund, or Helmund, r. Afghanistan, which
rises W. of Cabul, and, running S. W. is joined
by the Urghundah, and, after a course of 360
miles, empties itself into the sea of Zerra, or Aria
Palas.
Hernad, r. Hungary, which falls into the
Theysse.
Hemani, t Spaan, inGuipuscoa, 3 m. S. St Se-
basttaiK
Hernosand, government in the N. of Sweden,
comprising the provinces of Angermannland,
Jemptland, and Medelpad. Extent, 18,000 sq.
miles. Pop. less than 100,000.
Hernosand, or Hemosund, t, Sweden, in Anger-
mannland, and cap. of the government of Herno-
sand. It stands on the island of Herno, in the
gulf of Bothnia, and is united to the continent by
abridge. Pop. 2,500. It has a good harbor, and
considerable trade. 240 m. N. by W. Stockholm.
Lon. 17° 53' E. Lat. 62° 38' N.
Hemstadt, t. Silesia, 25 m. E. Glogau. Lon.
16° 4.3' E. Lat. 5P 33' N.
Heron Pass au, channel, Alabama, between
Gillori island and the main, on the W. side of Mo-
bile bay at its mouth. Lon. 88° W. Lat. 30° 10'
N. It has 4 feet water.
Herpf, r. Saxony, which falls into the Werra, 2
m. N. Meiningen.
Herradura, s-p. Spain, 16 m. W. Motril, 20 E.
Velez-Malaga.
Herradura, port, Chili, in Quillota. Lat. 32*
44' S.
Herrengrund, t. Hungary, 4 m. N. N. W. Neu-
sohl, situated in the midst of copper mines, and
inhabited chiefly by miners.
Herring Bay, bay, Md. on the western shore of
the Chesapeake, 26 m. S. Annapolis.
Herrnhut, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m. S.
Lobau. It was built by Count Zinzendorf in 1722,
for the use of the Moravian brethren. It is well
known throughout Germany, both from the reli-
gious tenets of the inhabitants, and the variety of
the manufactures carried on here, which consist
of cotton and linen stuffs, stockings, sealing wax,
hats, coloured paper, ribbons, and utensils of cop-
per, brass, and steel. Before the erection of this
small place, the Moravian brethren were scatter-
ed throughout the continent, and had never been
incorporated into a separate religious community.
It is now their capital, and from it they frequent-
ly take the name of Hermhutters. Pop. 1,500.
Herstal, or Heristal, t. Netherlands, in Liege,
on the Maese, 4 m. N. Liege. Pop. 4,750.
Hertford, one of the Midland counties of Eng-
land, bounded S. by Middlesex, N. by Cambridge
and Bedford, E. by Essex and Buckingham, and
W. by Bedford. Extent, 530 sq. miles. The soil
is naturally barren ; but the vicinity of the me-
tropolis has rendered it a very considerable agri-
cultural county, and it is every where in the
highest state of cultivation. Great quantities of
wheat, barley, and oats are raised annually, and
it is reckoned the first corn county in England.
Pop. in 1811, 111,654, of whom 12,000 families
are engaged in agriculture, 7,200 in trade and
manufactures, and 3,544 otherwise.
Hertford, t. Eng. cap. of Hertfordshire, on the
Lea, which is navigable for barges from the
Thames. Here is the East India college, founded
in 1806, to co-operate with the famous college at
Calcutta, in training young men for the compa-
ny's service. It is capable of accommodating 100
students, who, entering at the age of 16, are taught
for two years, or longer, if the directors think fit,
all the branches of college education, and also a
course of oriental languages and literature. Pop.
in 181 1, 3,900. 21 m. N. London. Lon. 0° 4' W.
Lat. 51° 48' N.
Hertford, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of
the St. Lawrence, bounded E. by Cornwallis ce.
nud W, by Dorchester co.
H E S
Hertford, co, N. C. inclosed by Virginia, and
the counties of Chowan, Bertie, and Northamp-
ton. Pop. 6,052. Slaves, 2,805. Chief town,
Winton.
Hertford, p-t. and cap. Perquimans co. N. C. on
Perquimans river, 18 m. N. E. Edenton. It is
pleasantly situated, and is a place of some trade.
Herve, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 8 ra. N. W.
Limburg, 11 S. E. Liege. Pop. 3,300.
Herreys Bay, large inlet, on the N. E. coast of
New Holland. Lon. 152° 35' W. Lat. 24° 40' S.
Herrey's Point, the N. point of the island of
Egmont. Lon. 164° 5' E. Lat. 10° 42' S-
Herzberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, on the
Sieber, 14 m. S. Goslar. Pop. 2,500.
Herzberg, t Prussian Saxony, on an island in the
Black Elster, 53 m. S. Potsdam. Lon. 13° 15' E.
Lat. 51° 42' N.
Herzegovhicu, country, on the E. shore of the
Adriatic. Lat. from 43° to 44° 20' N. The
southern and larger part of it belongs to the Turks,
the rest to the Austrians.
Herzogswalde, v. Silesia, 24 m. W. by N. Glo-
gau.
Hesdin, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 12 m. S. E.
Montreuil, 27 W. Arras. Lon. 2° 7' E. Lat. 50°
22' N. Pop. 5,000.
Heshbon, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, 20 m. E.
Jerusalem. It was on the borders of the tribes of
Gad and Reuben, and was sometimes assigned to
one, and sometimes to the other, and was also for
a long time in the possession of the Moabites.
Hesse-Cassel, an independent state in the west
of Germany, bounded by Hanover, the Prussian
states, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Nassau. Extent,
4,350 sq. miles. Pop. 540,000, of whom the far
greater number are, like the reigning family, Cal-
vinists. The territory is far from compact; it
consists of the following parts : Hesse, Upper and
Lower, containing 380,000 inhabitants ; the grand
duchy of Fulda, 64,000; the territory of Hanau,
74,000; and the lordship of Schmalcalden, 22,000.
In general, the surface is hilly, and even moun-
tainous. There is a university at Marburg ; that
at Cassel is converted into a lyceum. The sove-
reign holds the eighth place in the smaller Ger-
manic diet, and has three votes at tlic larger as-
sembly : his title is " Elector of Hesse, and grand
duke of Fulda;" and the succession goes by sen-
iority, to the exclusion of females. The constitu-
tion of the electorate is a limited monarchy, with
assemblies of states. The military force amounts
to between 8,000 and 10,000 men; the reve-
nue to about 380,000/. ; the public debt to about
500,000/.
Hesse-Darmstadt, or iheGra7idDuchy of Hesse,
an independent state, in the west of Germany,
near the Rhine, and belonging to the other great
branch of the house of Hesse. Like the elector-
ate, this territoiy is by no means compact, being
divided into two distinct parts. Extent, 5,000 sq.
miles. Pop. 619,000, of whom the greatest
portion are Lutherans. The territory is moun-
tainous, and yields iron, copper, lead, and salt. —
The constitution is a monarchy, limited by states
or representatives. The crown is hereditary in
the male line. Hes<e-Darmstadt has one vote,
and the 9th place at the smaller assembly of the
Germanic diet ; at the larger it has three votes.
The revenue is estimated at 370,000/. of which
80,000/. goes to pay the interest of the national
—ifik. The military are bet v.-p^n G.OOO and 7,000
tiL
H I B
321
men. At Giessep there is a university ; at Menta
a school of law.
Hesse-Homburg, a small principality, Germa-
ny, at the foot of the Taunus mountains, near
Frankfort, belonging, with the title of landgrave,
to a j'ounger branch of the family of Hesse-Darm-
stadt. Pop. 20,000. Revenue 17,000/. The re-
ligion of the family is the Calvinist.
Hesseloe, small isl. Denmark, N. of Zealand.
Lon. 110 40'E. Lat.56° 11' N.
Hessle, t. Eng. 5 m. W. Hull.
Hetlowra, t. Hind, in Nepaul. It is on the Rap-
ti river, at the foot of a mountain, and is the com-
mercial mart between the British provinces and
the northern parts of Nepaul. Lon. 85° 22' E.
Lat. 27° 14' N.
Hettstadt, or Heckstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, on
the Wipper, 5 m. N. Mansfeld. Pop. 2,750.
Heubach, Great, v. Bavarian states, on the
Maine, 22 m. S. E. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,100.
Heubach, or Hemvach, t. Wirtemberg, 25 m. N.
Ulm, 40 E. Stutgard.
Here, Cape la, cape, on the N. coast of France,
40' m. E. S. E. Cape Barfleur.
Heves, t. Upper Hungary, 61 m. E. Pest. Lon.
20° 18' E. Lat. 47 36' N.
Heusden, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 15
m. N. E. Breda.
Hexamilia, v. on the site of the ancient Corinth.
Hexham, t. Eng. in Northumberland co. near
the Tyne. It is chiefly remarkable for the anti-
quities with which it is surrounded, and the his-
torical events connected with it. The neigh-
bourhood abounds with ruined castles, Roman
relics, altars, inscriptions, &c. Pop. in 1811,
4,855. 20 m. W. Newcastle, 37 E. Carlisle. Lon.
2° 5' W. Lat. 54° 58' N.
Hey, Point, the N. W. point of Comptroller's
bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 215®
45' E. Lat. 60° 11' N.
Heyde, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 50 m. S. S. W.
Sleswick. Pop. 2,400.
Heydukes, See Haiduken-Stadte.
Heyl. See Hayle.
Heymersten, t. Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, on the Erfft, 35 m. E. Aix la Cha-
pelle.
Heyst-ob-den-berg, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp,
on the Nethe, 11m. N. E. Mechlin. Pop. 5,300.
Heytesbury, Haresbury, or Heightsbury, t. Eng.
in Wilts, 3i"m. fr. Warminster. Pop. 1,023.
Hiaqui Rio, r. New Spain, which enters the
gulf of California, in lat. 28° 15' N.
Hiatstown, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 13 m. N. E.
Trenton, 17 S. by W. Brunswick.
Hibb''s Point, cape, on the W. coast of Van
Diemen's Land. Lat. 42° 39' S.
Hickes'' Keys, islets, in tlie bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88° 54' W. Lat. 17° 10' N.
Hickes^ Point, cape, on the S. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 148° 53' E. Lat. 38° S.
Hickman, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop. 2,583. Slaves, 245. Chief town, Vernon.
There is a post-office at the court-house.
Hickman's creek, r. Smith co. Ten. wliich falls
into Caney fork, 6 m. above its mouth.
Hickory, p-t. XVashington co. Pa.
Hickory flats, p-t. Madison co. Mississippi.
Hickory grove, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C.
Hickory hill, p-v. Beaufort district, S. C..
fficfes/brrf, p-v. Greenville CO. Va.
Hiddek^J. in 9-^r. Cro^. Ron Ti^rrls.
322
H I G
H I L
Hiddcnsoe, small isl. Pomerania, on the W.
coast of Riigen. Lon. 13° Icy E. Lat. 54° 35' N.
Hielm, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat.
Lon. 10° 49' E. Lat. 56° 8' N.
Hielmar, lake, Sweden, 40 miles long, which
communicates with lake Malar, 60 m. W. Stock-
holm.
Hiemes. See Exmes.
Hierapolis, in Sac. Geog. city, Phrygia, on
ihe river Meander, near the cities of Colosse and
Laodicea.
Hieres, hks of, a cluster of small islands in the
Mediterranean, near the coast of France, about
1 1 m. fr. the town of Hieres.
Hieres, t. France, in the Var, 9 m. E. Toulon.
Near it is a salt lake, from which a large quanti-
ty of Bait is obtained. Hieres was formerly a sea-
port ; but the sea has now retired from it. It is
the birth-place of Massillon. Pop. 7,000. Lon.
6° 7 E. Lat. 43° 7' N.
Uiggm^s Point, N. W. coast of America. Lon.
228° 25' E. Lat. 65° 27' N.
Higginsport, v. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
4 m. below Ripley.
Highoin Ferrers, t. Eng. Northampton co. It
sends one member to parliament. Pop. 823. (55
m. N. London, 15 N. Bedford. Lon. 0° 35' W.
Lat. 52° 17' N,
Highgale, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 5^ m. N. W.
London,
, Highgate, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Missisque
bay, in lake Champlain, 33 m. N. Burlington.
Pop. 1,374.
Highland, co, in the S. W. part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 7,300. Chief town, Hillsborough.
Highland, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 15 m. N. E.
Zanesville.
Highlands, a natural division of Scotland, com-
prehending the mountainous part of tlie country
to the north and north-west, in contra-distinctiou
to the Lowlands, which compreliend the south
and south-east disti-iets. The whole of this dis-
trict is wild, rugged, and mountainous. The
mountains lie parallel to the vallies, rising like
immense walls on both sides, while the inhali-
ited country sinks between them, with a lake or
rapid river flowing in the centre. The inhabi-
tants are hardy, active, and adventurous. The
language is still the Gaelic. Their food is simple,
being chiefly oat-meal, milk, &c. Of late years,
industry and imiirovcment have made a i-apid
progress. The inhabitants are now beginning to
devote their labour and capital to their mines,
their woods, their extensive pastures, and their
fisheries.
Highlands, a mountainous tract in N.Y. through
which the Hudson flows. The passage through
the highlands is about 18 miles, and is exceedingly
grand. The loftiest summits are Thunderhill,
St. Anthony's nose, Sugar loaf, Butter hill, and
Breakneck hill. On the W. shore stands the for-
tress of West Point.
High rod; p-v. Rockingham co. N. C,
High shoals, p-v. Clark co. Geo.
High tower. See Etoirah.
Highworlh, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 17 m. N.
Marlborough.
Higiiera, Crt;?e, cape, Spain, on the coast of Bis-
cay. Lon.' 1^- 55' W. Lat. 43° 22' N,
Higucradt Calalrava, t. Spain, in Jaen, 12 m.
N, Xeres de los Caballeros,
Higuey,\. St. Doipingo, 80m.. E. St. Domingo.
Pop. 3,500.
iTyar, or Ixar, t. Spain, in Arragon, 29 m. S. E,
Saiagossa. Pop. 2,500.
Hijellee, or Injellee, t. Bengal, on an island
near the W. bank of the Hoogly. Lon, 88° 10' E.
Lat, 21050' N.
Hiklar, t. Asia Minor, 12 m.N. Caesarea.
Hildburghavsen, Saxe, ducliy in the interior d
Germany, inclosed by Saxe-Meinungen and Saxe-
Coburg. Extent, 237 »q. miles. Pop. 29,706,
The duke holds the fourth rank among the prince«
of the house of Saxe, has a share ot a vote in the
Germanic diet, and a full vote in the general as-
sembly. Revenue 20,000Z.
Hildberghausen, t. Germany, and cap. of the
duchy of the same name, is on the Werra, 17 m.
S. E. Meinungen, 20 N. W. Coburg. Pop. 2,500.
Hildesheim, province, in the south of Hanover,
adjacent to the province of Gottingen. Extent,
682 sq. miles. Pop. 128,950. The prevailing
religion is the Lutheran. Revenue, 90,000/. It was
once an independent bishopric ; but, after various
changes, it was added, by the Congress of Vien-
na in 1815, to the kingdom of Hanover. It is
governed as an independent province, and has its
own states.
Hildesheim, city, Hanover, and cap. of the prov-
ince of Hildesheim. It was formerly fortified :
but its walls have been demolished. 20 m. S. E.
Hanover, 20 W, by S, Wolfenbuttel. Lon. 9<^
55' E. Lat. 52° 9' N. Pop. 11,108.
Hilela. SeeHelel.
Hillah, or Hellah, t. A. Turkey, in Irak Arabi,
or Pachulic of Bagdad, about 60 ra. S. of
Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates, and
on the borders of the great Syrian desert. Pop.
12,000. This city and its vicinity are believed to
be the site of ancient Babylon. 'The observations
of modern travellers, combined by the learned in-
quiries of major Rennell, appear to have left no
doubt remaining upon the subject — The struc-
tures of Babylon do not appear to have been much
inferior in magnitude to those of Egypt ; but be-
ing built of brick, cemented with straw and bitu-
men, they have not only mouldered from the lapse
of time, but being easily loosened by art, have
been carried away for the purpose iA building
elsewhere. Babylon has thus become a great
quarry for the construction of all the modern
cities in its neighbourhood. The most remarka-
ble of the ruins is about 4 miles S. of HiUaii, and
half a mile from the bank of the iaiphrates. It
is a pyramid nearly half a mile in circumference,
and about 150 feet high, built entirely of brick
dried in tlie sun, cemented in some places with
bitumen and regular layers of reeJ ;, and in oth-
ers with slime and reeds. About a mile to the S.
of this pyramid is a very remarkable structure,
which forms nearly a square ol 700 yards in length
and breadth, and contains several walls in a pret-
ty entire state, built of the finest bricks, cement-
ed with lime. About 500 yards N. of this ruin, is
a mound 1 100 yards long, 800 broad, and 50 or
60 feet high; and on the W. bank of the Eu-
phrates, about 6 miles S. W. of Hillah, is an ob-
long mound, 762 yards in circumference, and 198
feet high. Tliese four masses of walls, mixed
with earth and rubbish, are the only traces which
remain of the mighty Babvlon. Hillah is in lon,
44° 13' 15" E. Lat. 33° 34'' N.
HilUgnsbcrg, v. South Holland, 3 m. N. Rot-
terdam. Pop! 3,000.
Hillercd, t. Denmark, in tlie island of Zealand,
15 m. N. N. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,200.
H I M
H I N
323
HiUhrim, p-t. Overton co. Ten.
Hillkr Point, on tlie S. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 117° 9'E. Lat, 35° 4' S.
Hillock Point, New Holland, the N. W. point
af Halifax bay. Lon. 213° 45' W. Lat 18° 28' S.
Hillsborough, t. Westmoreland co. New Bruns-
wick.
Hillsborough, co, N. H, bounded N. by Grafton
t-;o. E. by Rockingham co. S. by Massachusetts,
and VV. by Connecticut river, which separates it
from Vermont. Pop. 49,249.
Hillsborough, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 20
oi. W. Concord. Pop. 1,592.
Hillsborough, t Somerset co. N. .1. 15 m. W.
Brunswick, 18 N. Trenton. Pop. 2,456.
Hillsborough, p-v. Caroline co. Md. on the E.
side of Tuckahoe creek, 7 m. S. E. by S. Denton,
26 S. S. W. Chester.
Hillsborough, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 17 m. from
Richmond. •
Hillsborough, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Hillsborough, p-t. and cap. Orange co. N. C. on
Eno river, 17 m. above its confluence with Little
and Flat rivers, 41 m. N. W. Raleigh, 180 W. N.
W. Newbern. It is situated in a hilly, healthy,
and fertile country, and contains about 80 houses,
a court-house and jail, and an academy.
Hillsborough, p-t. and cap. Highland co. Ohio,
35 m. N; W. Chillicothe. It contains a court-
house and jail, and about 60 dwelling-houses.
Here is a Lancasterian school.
Hillsborough Bay^ bay, on the N. coast of Dom-
inica. Lon.'eio 22' VV, Lat. 15° 42' N.
HUhborough Bay, bay, on the S. coast of the
island of St.' John. Lon. 62° 40' W. Lat. 46°
10' N.
Hillsborough Cape, on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 148° 44' E. Lat. 20° 56' S.
Hillsborougk, small isl. near the E. (loast of
Labrador, ton. 61° 20' W. Lat. 57° 20' N.
Hillsborough, r. E. Florida, which runs into the
gulf of Florida. Lon. 8 1° 30' \V. Lat. 28° SG' N.
Hillsborough, r. E. Florida, which runs into
the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82° 30' VV. Lat. 28° 10' N.
Hillsborough, t. Ireland, in Down co. 20 m. S.
W. Belfast. Lon. 6° VV. Lat. 54° 26' N.
Hillsdale, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. 16 m. E.
Hudson, 35 S. E. Albany. Pop. 4,182. It is a
large township, and contains 6 houses of public
worship.
Hilltop, p-v. Charles co. Md. 44 m. fr. Wash-
ington.
HUUoim, t. B ucks co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,335.
Hillstein, t. Austrian Silesia, near the Oder, 15
m- E. Troppau.
Hilpolstein, t. Bavarian states, 27 m. N. Neu-
burg, 19 S. Nuremburg.
Hilton head, isl. on the coast of S. C. near the
mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 80° 20' W. Lat.
32° 10' N.
Hilton'' s point, on Piscataqua river, the S. E.
point of the town of Dover, 7 m. fr. the sea.
Hilversum,v. Holland, 6 m. S. Naarden. Pop.
3,400.
Himaleh Mountains, a stupendous range of
mountains, in Asia, the Imaus of the ancients.
They commence near the borders of China, and
running N. W. separate Hindostan from Tartary
and Tibet, and passing hito Persia, terminate near
the borders of the Caspian sea. The Brahma-
pootra, the Sutlej, and the western branch of the
Indus, rise on the N. side of this chain. The re-
maining branches of the Indus, the Jumna, and
the Ganges, rise on the S. side. Beyond the In-
dus to the westward, the chain takes the name ol
Hindoo Koosh, or Indian Caucasus. The part
east of the Indus is the proper Himaleh, and is
1400 miles long, extending from lon. 74° to 94° E.
Dawalageri, the highest summit in the range, ia
estimated at 27,677 feet, and is the highest on the
globe.
Himera. See Fiume Grande.
Himmelskron, v. Bavarian states, 8 m. E. Culm*
bach.
Hincha, v. St. Domingo, at the mouth of Guay-
amuco, 64 m. N. W. St. Domingo, in N. lat. 19° 3'.
Hinchinbroke, Cape, on the N. W. coast o;f
America, at the entrance of Prince William's
sound. Lon. 213° 56' E. Lat. 60° 16i' N.
Hinchinbrook, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Cana-
da, on the Province line, 40 m. S. W. Montreal.
Hinchinbrook, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada.
Hinchinbrook Island, isl. on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince William's sound, about 50
miles in circumference. In Port Etches, on its S.
VV. coast, the Russians have a settlement. Lon.
213° 50' to 214° 24' E. Lat. 60° 24' N.
Hinckley, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 13 m. S. W.
Leicester. I^on. 1° 22^ W. Lat. 52° 32' N. Pop.
6,058.
Hindelbank, v. Swiss canton of Bern, 9 m. N.
N. E. Bern.
Hindelopen, t. Netherlands, in Fricsland, oa
the Zuyder Zee, 25 m. S. W. Leeuwarden. Lon.
3° 25' E. Lat. 62° 58' N.
Hinder well, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. N. W.
Whitby.
Hindia, district, Hind, in Khandeish, between
22° and 23^ N. lat. Hindia, the capital, is on
the S. bank of the Nerbuddah. Lon. 77° 10 E.
Lat. 22° 31' N.
Hir^ley, t. Eng. ^ in Lancashire, 2 m. S. E. Wi-
gan. Pop. 2,962.
Hindmund. See Heermund.
Hindoe, large isl. near the coast of Norway.
Lat. 68° 36' N.
Hindon, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 15 m. W. Salis-
bury. Lon. 2° 7' VV^ Lat. 51° 6' N.
Hindone, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77° E. Lat.
26"^ 45' N.
Hindoo Koh, or Hindoo Koosh. See Himaleh.
Hindostan, country, Asia, comprehending, in
its greatest extent, the countries between 65° and
95° E. lon. Kandahar and Assam having for-
merly been reckoned in it. It is separate<l on the
N. from Tibet and Tartary, by the Himaleh
mountains. In 1707, Hindostan was divided into
the following provinces, all of which still retain
the names they then bore. We have annexed
tlie slates to which they now respectively belong :
Cabul, including Kandahar and Cashmere — The
Afghans.
Lahore, or Punjab — Seiks.
Moultan— The' Afghans, and several Hindoo or
Seik chiefs.
Sinde — Several Mahometan chiefs.
Delhi — "The British, and a number of Hindoo and
Seik cheifs.
Serinagur — The rajah, for whom it has been late-
ly recovered from the Nepaulese.
Nepaul— The rajah of, called the Ghoorkhali.
Bootan— The Lama of Tibet.
Assam — The rajah of Assam.
Ajmeer — the rajahs of Odeypore, Jypore, Joud-
pore, and several other Hindoo chiefs, gome of
■whom are Mahratta?.
324
H I O
H I S
Agra— the British, Mahrattas, Jauts, and several
other Hindoo chiefs.
Oude— The British, and Nabob of Oude.
Allahabad— The British, Mahrattas, and several
Hindoo chiefs.
Bahar — British.
Bengal — British.
Giijerat, including Cutch — British, Mahrattas,
and a number of independent petty chiefs.
Malwah — The Mahrattas, and several other Hin-
doo chiefs.
Berar — The Mahrattas and Nizam.
Orissa — British and Mahrattas.
Khandesh— Mahrattas.
Dowlatabad or Aurungabad — Maiirattas and Ni-
zam.
Golconda — Nizam.
C ir cars — B ritish.
Bejapore, orVisiapore — Mahrattas and Nizam.
The country south of the Kistna, in 1707, was
possessed by several independent chiefs. It is
now divided into the following districts :
Concan — belonging to the Mahrattas.
Mysore — Rajah of Mysore.
Cochin — Rajah of Cochin.
Travancore — Rajah of Travancore.
The remainder of the country is now in the
possession of the British, viz. Canara, including
Bednore, Malabar, Cuddapah, Adoni, Carnatic,
Coimbetoor, Dindigul, Madura, and Tinnevelly.
The population, exclusive of the country west
of the Indus, has been calculated to exceed
100,000,000. The bulk of these are idolaters,
but are divided into three great sects or religions,
viz. 1st, The worshippers of the Triad, Brahma,
Vishnu, Siva. 2dly, The followers of Boodh.
3dly, The Jains. The next class in point of
numbers, are Mahometans, who may amount to
one eighth of the number of Hindoos. They are
divided into the two great sects of Soonies and
Shiahs. The third class are the Seiks, who pos-
sess the province of Lahore. Their religion is
described as pure deism. The fourth class are
Christians : these are most numerous on the coast
of Malabar. The fifth class are Jews : they prin-
cipally inhabit the western coast, and are divided
into white and black Jews. The sixth are Par-
sees, or followers of Zoroaster : they are princi-
pally to be found in Gujerat and Bombay.
Hinesburg, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. 12 m. S. E.
Burlington. Pop. 1,238.
Hindsdale, formerly Fort Dummer, p-t. Cheshire
CO. N. H. on Connecticut river, at the confluence
of the Ashuelot, 55 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 740.
Hingham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 14 m. W. Nor-
wich. Lon. 1° 2' W. Eat. 52° 35' N.
Hingham, p-t. Suffolk co. Mass. on a small bay,
which sets up S. from Boston bay, 14 m. S. E.
Boston. Pop. 2,382. It contains 3 churches, and
a well- endowed academy.
Hinlopen Strails, channel of the North sea, be-
tween North-east Land and Spitzbergen.
Hinojosa, t. Spain, in Cordova, 18 m. N. Lle-
rena. Pop. 4,000.
Hinsdale, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. N. N.
E. Lenox. Pop. 822.
Hinzuan. See Joanna.
Hiorring, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, 27 m.
N. N. W. Aalborg. Lon. 10° C 28" E. Lat. 57°
27' 44" N.
Hiortoe, small i?l. Denmark. Lon» 10° 30' E.
Lat, 54° 53' N.
Hipperlwlme, t. Eng, in Yorkslure, 2i m. li
Halifax. Pop. 3,357.
Hiram, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river,
34 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 336.
Hiram, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv-
er, 12 m. N. E. Ravenna.
Hirlaw, or Harlev, t. Moldavia, on the river
Bachlui, 35 m. N. W. Jassy. Lon. 27° & E. Lat.
47° 24' N. 1
Hirschau, t. Bavarian states, in Franconia, 6 m.
N. E. Amberg.
Hirschberg, t. Silesia, at the confluence of the
Bober and the Zacke. It is the most commercial
place in the country next to Breslau ; the chief
source of support to the inhabitants is the trade in
linen and lawn ; 23 m. W. S. VV. Jauer, 35 W.
Schweidnitz. Pop. 6,000.
Hirschberg, t. Saxony, in Reuss, on the Saale,
14 m. S. W. Plauen.
Hirscfifeld, district, Hesse-Cassel. Extent, 168
sq. miles. Pop. 22,000.
Hirschfeld, t. Hesse-Cassel, cap. of the above
district, on the Fulda, which is here navigable ;
25 m. N. Fulda. Pop. 5,500.
Hirschholm, v. Denmark. 14 m. N. Copenha-
gen.
Hirschhom, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Neck-
ar, 7 m. E. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,100.
Hirson, t France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 27 m. N.
N. E. Laon. Pop. 2,150.
Hirsowa, or Kerschova, t. Eu. Turkey, on the
Danube, 45 m. N. E. Silistria, 64 S. W. Ismail.
Hirzholmen, or Hersholm, three small islands
of Denmark, in the Cattegat. Lon. 10° 24' E. Lat.
57° 31' N.
Hisengen, isl. Sweden, at the mouth of the Go-
tha-Elf. Lon. 11° 4' 8" E. Lat. 57° 45' N.
Hispaniola, Hayti, or St. Domingo, one of the
largest and most fertile of the West India islands,
390 miles long from E. to W. and from 60 to 150
broad. Lat 17° 37' to 20° N. This island was
formerly divided between the French and Span-
iards, the French occupying the western, and the
Spauiai-ds the eastern part ; but the Frerfch have
been expelled by the negroes, and the part which
they occupied is called Hayti. The island in
general is well watered and fertile, producing al-
most every variety of vegetable produce. The
French part of the island is for the most part
mountainous, and abounds with forests. It com-
prehends 2,500,000 acres, of which 1,500,000
were in high cultivation, before the revolution in
1789. The Spanish part of the island contains
about 3,200 sq. leagues. It consists chiefly of plains,
of unrivalled fertility, and watered by numerous
navigable rivei-s, but, owing to the indolence of the
Spaniards, it is occupied chiefly by herds of do-
mestic animals, such as swine, horses, and horned
cattle, which have been allowed to run wild, and
have multiplied beyond all computation.
The population of the French part of the island
in 1789, according to the estimate of Edwards,
was 30,831 whites, 24,000 free people of color,
and 480,000 negro slaves. The Spanish part con-
tained in 1785, according to census, 152,640 ; in
1798, according to Alcedo, 125,000, of whom
110,000 were free, and 15,000 slaves. In 1789,
the French employed in the trade of St. Domingo,
710 vessels, navigated by 18,466 seamen. The
value of the exports in 1791, was 5,371,593/. the
principal articles were coff"ee to the amount of
84,617,328 pounds ; sugar, 217,463 casks ; indigo,
3,257,610 pounds; cocoa, 1,536,017 pounds ; cot-
HOC
H O H
62a
ton, 11,317,226 pounds. Since the revolution,
the commerce has greatly declined. From 1804
to 1808, according to Walton, only about 75 ves-
sels arrived annually, with cargoes amounting to
about 150,000/. sterling.
The revolution commenced in 1791, when the
blacks rose by common consent against their mas-
ters, and rendered the whole French part of the
island a scene of massacre and devastation. The
independence of Hayti was proclaimed on the 1st
of July, 1801. After the expulsion of the French,
a regular government was formed by the blacks,
who soon divided into parties, under two rival
chiefs, president Petion and king Christophe, the
former occupying the southei'n part of the island,
and the latter the northern part. These chiefs
arc now both dead, and the island has become the
theatre of new revolutions. Various propositions
have been made by France, for the purpose of
bringing the inhabitants to their former subjec-
tion, but they have all been rejected with dis-
dain.
Hissar Ferozeh, district of Hindostan, in Delhi,
between 28° and 30° N. lat.'on the W. side of the
Jumna. Hissar Ferozeh, the capital, is in Ion.
75° 53' E. lat. 28° 41' N.
Hitchin, t. Eng. in Hertford, 16 m. S. E. Bed-
ford, 34 x\. London. Pop. 3,608.
Hithe. See Hythe.
Hitteroe, island on the coast of Norway. Lat.
C3° 32' N. Pop. 3,700.
Hiwcissee, r. Tennessee, which rises in Georgia,
and joins Tennessee river 70 m. above the Suck,
or passage through the Raccoon mountain. The
Amoy, one of its head waters, interlocks with a
Branch of Mobile river. See Connesaugah.
Hizacker, t. Hanover, in Luneburg, on the
Jetze, near its influx into the Elbe, 3 m. N. Dane-
burg.
Hoangho, or Yelloiv River, a great river of Chi-
na, M'hich rises in the mountains of Tibet, and af-
ter a course of 1,800 miles through Tai-tary and
China, runs into the Eastern sea. Ion. 119° 44' E.
lat. 34° 5' N. It is broad and rapid, but so shal-
low that it is hardly navigable.
Hobart Point, the N. VV. point at the entrance
into port Houghton on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 570 17' N.
Hobbies Keys, islets in the Spanish Main, near
the Musquitto shore. Lon. 82° 50' W. Lat. 12°
18' N.
Hobb^shole. See Tappahannock.
Hoboken, p-t. Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudson,
7 m. above New-York.
Hobroe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 16 m. N. E.
Wiborg. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat. 56° 38' N.
Hockeneck, or Voinik, t. Styria, 6 m, S. W. Pet-
tau.
Hochenmauern, t. Styria, on the Drave, 25 m.
""V. Marburg.
Hochfelden, t. France, 12 m. N. W. Strasburg.
Hochheim, t. in the duchy of Nassau, celebrated
br its wine, familiarly tei-med Hock, 20 m. W.
J'rankfort, 4 N. E. Mentz.
Hochkirch, v. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m.
£'. E. Budissin.
Hochland, or Hogland, small isl. of the Baltic,
Lon. 27° E. Lat. 60<^ 3' N.
Hochou, a walled city of China, in the province
cf Kiang-nan, about three miles from the bank of
the Yang-tse-kiang ; 32 m. S. W. Nanking. Lon.
n8° 14' E. Lat. 290 57' N.
Hochst, t. Germany, in Nassau, on the Maine?
6 m. W. Frankfort.
Hochstadt, t. Bavarian states, 13 m. S. of Bam-
berg. Pop. 1,300.
Hochstadt, t. Bavarian states, at the influx of
the Egwied into the Danube. It has been the
scene of repeated conflicts ; 19 m. N. W.Augsburg,
29 W. Neubera:. Lon. 10° 33' E. Lat. 48° 36' N.
Pop. 2,300.
Hochsteit. See Hochstadt.
Hockhocking, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio
at Troy, 25 m. below Marietta. Near its source
is a perpendicular fall of about 40 feet, and 25
miles below, another, of 7 feet. With these inter-
ruptions, the river is navigable 70 miles. At the
upper falls are several mills.
Hocking, co. Ohio, formed in 1818. Chief town,
Logan.
Hocking, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, in which is Lan-
caster, the seat of justice for the county. Pop.
1,078.
Hockliffe, hamlet, Eng. in Bedfordshire.
Hoddesdon, t. Eng. in Hertford, 17 m. N. Lon-
don. Pop. 1,249.
Hoedic, small isl. France, opposite the mouth of
the Villaine. Lon. 2° 46' E. Lat. 47° 41' N.
Hof, Hoff, or Stadt sum Hof, t. Bavarian states,
on the Saale, 22 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth, 46 N. E.
Bamberg. Lon. 1 1° 50' E. Lat. 50^ 18' N. Pop.
5,000.
Hof, t. Moravia, 14 m. W. Troppau.
Hoff, t. East Prussia, 4 m. S. Landsberg.
Ho/geismar, See Geismar.
Hog island, isl. Vt. in Lake Champlain, annex-
ed to Franklin co.
Hog island, isl. R. I. in Narraganset bay, 2 m.
from Bristol.
Hog island, isl. oflfthe coast of Java. Lon. 114^*
55' E. Lat. 7° 5' S.
Hog island, small isl. on the W. coast of India.
Lon. 74° 36' E. Lat. 14° 2' N.
Hog river, r. Ohio, which runs into the Au-
glaize 30 m. above its mouth.
Hog''s Head, Ireland, the E, cape at the entrance
Ballinaskelling bay. Lon. 10° 15' W. Lat. 51°
45' N.
Hoghlon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. W. Black-
burn.
Hogland. See Hochland.
Hogsio, t Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, 14 m.
N. N. W. Hernosand.
Hogsties, dangerous reef of rocks among the Ba-
hamas. Lon. 73° 50' W. Lat. 21° 40' N.
Hogue, La, t. on the N. coast of France, in La
Manche. In the neighbourhood of this town took
place the famous sea-fight of May, 1692, in which
tho French fleet was defeated by the English. 8
m. E. N. E. Nalognes,5 S. Barfleur. Lon. 1° 11'
W. Lat. 49° 35' N. Pop. 2,000.
Hogyerz, t. Hungary, in Tolna, 78 m. S. by W.
Buda. Pop. 3,000.
Hohenasperg, v. and fort. Wirtemberg, on the
Neckar, 6 m. N. Stutgard.
Hohcnbar. See Baar.
Hohenberg, a county, of Suabia, now belonging
to Wirtembei^, situated in the Black Forest. Iron
mines abound throughout.
Hohenelbe, or IVirchhiby, t. Bohemia, on the
Elbe, 62 m. E. N. E. Prague. Pop. 2,100.
Hohenfurth, v. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 99 m.
S. Prague.
Hohenlinden, v. Bavaria, 20 m. E. Munich, re-
326
H O L
H O L
markable for the defeat of the Austrian army, 3d
December, 1800, by the P"' ranch, under Moreau.
Hohenlohe, district in the west of Germany,
forming (since 1806 and 1809) a part of the king-
dom of Wirtemberg.
Hohenstavffen, t. Wirtemberg, 18 m. fr. Stut-
gard.
Hohenstein, a county of Saxony, adjacent to
Anhalt, now divided between Hanover and Prus-
sia.
Hohenstein, t. Saxony, 7 m, E. Glaucha, 7 W.
Chemnitz. Pop. 3,000.
Ho/ienstein, t. West Prussia, 66 m. S. S. W.
Konigsberg. Pop. 1,100.
Hohentwiel, fortress belonging to Wirtemberg,
formerly a celebrated place ; but the works were
blown up by the French in 1800. 6 m. N. W. Ru-
dolfszell, 9 N. E. Schaffliausen.
Hohenwar/h, t. Bavaria, on the Paar, 28 m. N.
N. W. Munich.
Hohenzollern, a small sovereignty in the S. W.
of Germany, surrounded by Baden and Wirtem-
berg, and divided into the two principalities of
Hechingen and Sigmaringen. Pop. 54,000.
Holaiva, one of the Hapae islands, in the Pa-
cific, 30 m. N. N. E. Annamooka. Lon. 185° 36' E.
Lat. 19° 52' N.
Holar. See Hohnn.
Holbeach, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 12 m. S, Bos-
ton, 105 N. London. Lon. 0° 2' E. Lat. 52° 49' N.
Pop. 2,962.
Holbeck, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. fr. Leeds.
Fop. 5.124.
Holbeck, s-p. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
36 m. \V. of Copenhagen. Lon. IP 41' 57" E. Lat,
55° 42' 50" N.
Holbourn Head, cape, Scotland. Lon. 3° 21' W.
Lat. 58° 30' N.
Holden, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. N. Wor-
cester. Pop. 1,072.
Holderness, See Yorkshire.
Holderne^s, t Grafton co. N. H. on the Merri-
mack, 35 m . N. Concord.
Holdswortfiy, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 47 m. N.
W. Exeter. Lon. 4° 20' W. Lat. 50° 49' N.
Hole creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of
the Miami, in Montgomery county.
Hole Town, t. Barbadoes. Lon. 58° 31' W. Lat.
13°12'N.
Hole in the Wall, v. Talbot co. Md. 7 m. S.
Easton.
Holenburg, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube,
33 m. W. by N. Vienna.
Holeschau, t. Moravia, in Prerau, 22 m. S. S. E.
Olmutz, Pop. 4,300.
Holitsch, t. Hungary, on the Morawa, 34 m.
S. E. Brunn, in Moravia, 45 N. of Presburg. Pop.
4,000.
Hollajid, Eng. See Lincolnshire.
Holland, a maritime province of the Nether-
lands. The name is frequently given to the seven
provinces inhabited by the Dutch ; but these are
all included in the new kingdom of the Nether-
lands. The province of Holland is bounded on
the W. by the German ocean, S. by Zealand, E.
by the Zuyderzee and the province of Utrecht.
Extent, 2,100 sq. miles. Pop. in 1732, more than
900,000; in 1796, 828,500; in 1817, 748,000. It
is divided into the two governments of South and
North Holland ; the former contains 1,170 square
miles, with 389,000 inhabitants; while North
Holland, which, in official papers, is called by its
ancient name of West Fricsland, contains 930
square miies, with 359,000 inhabitaaits. IHie u.-
tional religion is Calvinism ; but tliere is a Lu
theran congregation in every town of consequence,
and among the lower classes, the Catholics are nu-
merous. The whole province of Holland is a con-
tinued flat, and lies so low as to be under the level
of the sea at high water: the tide is prevented
from flowing in, by means of dikes and natural sand
banks. These dikes are of great extent, generally
30 feet above the level of the adjoining land, and
20 or 30 feet in breadth at the top, and the imposts
necessary to keep them in repair are very heavy.
The numerous canals and ditches which traverse
the province in all directions are likewise provi-
ded with dikes. The soil is in general rich, con-
sisting of a deep fat loam. The agricultural wealth
of the province consists in its pastures. Horned
cattle and sheep are abundant.
Holland, t. Orleans co. Vt. 56 ra. N. Montpelier.
Pop. 126.
Holland, t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. E, Spring-
field. Pop. 420.
Holland, t. Niagara co. N. Y.
Holland islands, Md. in,Chesapeake bay, S. of
Hooper's island, and N. of Smith's island.
Holland, JVeic. See JVew Holland.
Holland'' s point, Md. on the western shore of the
Chesapeake, the S. point at the entrance of Her-
ring bay. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat. 38° 30' N.
Holland, Port, harbour in the straits of Magel-
lan. Lon. 71° 28' W. Lat. 53° 42' S,
Holland, Prussian, t. E. Prussia, on the Weeske,
14 m. S. E. Elbing. Lon. 19° 40' E. Lat. 54° 1'
N. Pop. 3,100.
Holland, Up, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. W. by
S. Wigan. Pop, 2,663,
Hollanderoeeler, Irsecat, small isl. near the W.
coast of East Greenland. Lon. 46° 25' W. Lat.
68° 38' N.
Holies, t, Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 m. S. Am-
herst, 32 S. Concord, 40 N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,520.
HoUfeld, t. Franconia, on the Wiesent, 15 m.
E. Bamberg, 16 W. Bayreuth.
Holliday cove, p-v. Brooke co. Va,
Hollidaysburgf p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa.
Hollinsworth'' s ferry, p-v. Mason co. Va.
Hollis, or Phillipsburg, p-t. York co. Maine, on
Saco river, 42 m. N. York. Pop. 1,427.
Holliston, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 27 m. S. W.
Boston. Pop. 989.
Hohnanslown. See Mexico.
Holme, a parish of Scotland, in Orkney, on the
S. E. coast of Pomona. It gives name to Holme
sound, a beautiful and well-frequented frith, lead-
ing into the German ocean by Stromness,
Holmesburg, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa,
Holmes, Flat and Steep, two small islands in the
Bristol channel, 3 leagues S. Caerdifi",
Holmes'' Hole, p-t. in Tisbury, Dukes co. Mass,
on the island of Martha's-vineyard, 9 m. from Fal-
mouth, 91 S. E. Boston. The harbour is spacious
and safe, and vessels bound to the eastward are of-
ten detained here, waiting for a fair wind, to ena-
ble them to pass the shoals ofi" Cape Cod. Here is
a village, which contains a meeting-house, and
about 70 houses.
Holmestrand, t. Norway, on the Dramsfiord, 30
m. S. Christiania.
Holmesville, p-t. and cap. Pike co. Mississippi,
Holstebroe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 24 m. N.
Wiburg.
Holstein, a duchy in the north of Germany, be-
longing to Denmark, and bounded by the German
H O M
ocean and the Elbe on the W. and S. the Baltic on
E. and Sleswick on the N. Extent, 3,250 square
miles. Pop. in 1818, 360,000 ; the prevailing re-
ligion is the Lutheran. The productions are
wheat, barley, and oats, potatoes, hemp, and
flax, with some hops and fruit ; but its chief wealth
is in its pastures. It possesses vast numbers of
horses and horned cattle. The chief exports are
cattle, horses, cheese, and butter.
The king of Denmark, on accountof this duchy
and Lauenburg, is a member of the Germanic con-
federation, and has three votes in the general as-
sembly, and a place, the tenth in rank, at the or-
dinary diet. The interior constitution of Holstein
is at present (1819) under discussion at tlie court
of Copenhagen, and likely to receive a material
improvement.
Hohton, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia,
and running S. W. unites with Clinch river at Ma-
rietta, to form the Tennessee. It is deep, and is
navigable 70 miles, with the interruption of a fall
of 7 feet. Near its source, 7 ra. N. W. Lancaster,
there is a fall of 40 feet.
Hi!, hamlet, Eng.in Wilts, 3 m. N. E. Bradford
Holt, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the Dee, 10
m. S. Chester.
Ho?;, t. Eng.in Norfolk. Pop. 1,037. 24m. N.
W. Norwich. Lon. 1° 5' E. Lat. 52° 54' N.
HoWs Island, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon.
143° 47' W. Lat. 16^ 12' S.
Holten, v. Netherlands, in Overysscl, 14 m. S.
E. Wesel. Pop. 3,000.
Holum, or Holar, t. Iceland. Lon. 15° W. Lat.
65° 42' N.
Holy Island, isl. of the German ocean, on the
coastof England, 8 m. S.E. Berwick-upon-Tweed.
It is also called Lindisfarne. It was formerly a
bishop's see, and here are the ruins of a monastery,
Lon. 1° 48' W. Lat. 55° 40' N.
Holycross, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, ^ m. from
Pershore.
Holyhectd, s-p. Wales, on the N. W. point of the
isle of Anglesey. The packets sail regularly from
this place to Dublin. Six packets are in the constant
employment of the post-office. Between Holyhead
and Dublin, tlie distance is 20 leagues, and the
passage is usually made in 12 hours. Pop. 3,005.
278 m. N, W. London. Lon. 4° 38' W. Lat. 53°
13° N,
Holyoke, mountain in Hadley, Mass. 3 m. S. E,
Northampton. It is 830 feet above the level of
C'onnecticut river, and is famous for the extensive
aid beautiful view, which it commands of tlie sur-
rounding country,
Hohficell, t. Wales, in Flintshire, formerly an
inconsiderable village, but now become, from the
n ineral riches, and the vast manufactures carried
o\ in the neighbourhood, a flourishing town. It is
near the great lead mines. The town takes its
nunefrom the remarkable Holy Wellof St. Wini-
fred, one of the finest and most copious springs in
the kingdom, and which becomes at once a con-
siderable stream, discharging every minute 84
hogsheads of water. Pop. 6,394, 1 1 m. E. St.
Asaph, 5* W. Flint, 207 N, W. London. Lon, 3°
13'W. Lat.530 16'N.
Holzapfel, t. duchy of Nassau, 4 m. E. Nassau.
Holzminden, t. Germany, in the states of Bruns-
wick, at the confluence of the Weser and the
Holz, It has large iron works, 3 m. N, E. Cor-
vey, 20 W. Grubenhagen. Pop. 3,300.
Homberg in Hesse, t. Hesse-Cassel. on the Elze.
2|)m.S.Ca?s.-l. Pop. 2.900,
H O N
327
Homhitrg. See Hesse-Hombwg.
Hamburg, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m,
N. N, W. Deux Fonts
Hamburg on the Height, t, Germany, cap, of the
principality of Hesse-Homburg, on the Lahn, 9 m.
N.Frankfort, Lon, 8° 32 E. Lat. 50° 15' N. Pop.
3,000.
Hamburg on tfte Ohm, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 1 1
m. S. E. iVlarburg. Lon. 9° 1' E. Lat, 50° 43' N.
Home, district, Up, Canada, comprising the
counties of York and Simcoe.
Hamer, p-t. and cap. Cortlandt co. N, Y, 26 m.
S. Onondaga, 40 N, Owego, 145 W. Albany. Fop.
2,991. The village is built on a fine plain on the
bank of the Tioughnioga, and contains a court-
house and jail, a church, a printing-office and
about 70 houses.
Homochitto, r, Mississippi, which flows S. W.
about 70 miles, and joins tlie Mississippi above Fort
Adams.
Honan, a province of China, W. of Kiangnan,
and watered by the great river Iloangho.
Honan,ciiy in the centre of China,considered by
the Chinese as the centre of the world. Lon, 1 12*^
9' E. Lat. 34° 34°44'N.
Honaver. See Onore.
Honda, t. S, America, in New Granada, on the
Magdalena ; 56 m. N, W. Santa Fe. Lon, 74°
54' W, Lat, 5° 12' N,
Honda, Bay of, on the coast of S, America, in
Santa IHartha. Lon. 7 1° 6' W. Lat. 12° N.
Honda Bay, bay on the N. coast of Cuba, 70 m.
W. Havannali. Lon. 83° 25' W. Lat. 22° 58' N,
Honda Bay, bay on the E. coast of Honduras,
N. of Cape Gracias a Dios.
Hondo, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs S, S. E.
and enters tlie bay of Mexico.
Hondschoote, t. France, dep. of the North, 11m.
S. E. Dunkirk, Pop, 3,200.
Honduras, t,Cuba, 63 m. N. E, Bayamo, Lon.
76° 4' W, Lat. 21° 21' N,
Honduras, province, N, America, in Guatima-
la, bounded N. by the bay of Honduras, W, b}-
Vera-Paz, E. by tlie Caribbean sea, and S. by the
province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles long, from
E. to W. and 150 from N. to S. The soil is ol
great fertility, producing in abundance all sorts of
tropical fruits and vegetables. They have three
crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton,
wax, mahogany, and log-wood, witli other dyeing
drugs, are its chief products,
Honduras, bay of, a large bay of N. America,
formed by the coastof the province of Flondurason
tlie S. and that of Yucatan on the W. It is well
known from the settlements which the British have
made in it, for tlie cutting down of mahogany and
dye-woods. The principal is the town of Balize,
on tlie coast of Yucatan, at the moutii of Balize
river,
Honduras Cape, or Punta de Cusiilla, cape, oa
the E. side of the gulf of Honduras. Lon. 86° 16'
W. Lat. 16° N.
Honeoy. See Richmond.
Honeoy, lake, in Richmond, Ontario co. N. Y.
5 miles long and 1 broad, Honeoy creek, its out-
let, flows into Geneseee river, in Rush,
Honey, creek, Ohio, which runs into Sanduskj'
river, 15 m. from Upper Sandusky,
Honey brook, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,073.
Honjleur, t. France, in Calvados, on the left
bank of tlie Seine, opposite Havre de Grace, It
ha« a good harbour, uri'l con-iderable trade. Pop.
326
H O O
H O R
9,600. 30 m. N. E. Caen. Lon. 0° 14' E. Lat. 49°
23' N.
Ho7iheim, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 5 m. S. S.
W, Ratisbon.
Honimao, or Uliasser, one of the Molucca isl-
ands. Lon 129° 2' E. Lat. 3° 30' S.
Honilon, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Otter. It
is a borough, and sends 2 members to parliament.
Pop. 2,735. 16 m. E, Exeter, 156 S. W. London.
Lon. 3° 1 r W. Lat. 50° 48' N.
Honley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. Hudders-
field. Pop. 2,918.
Honorat. See Lerins.
Hontawc, t. France, in Landes, 4 m. S. V'ille-
neuve de Marsan.
Hoobly. See Hubbehj.
Hood''s Bay, a harbour of Admiralty island, in
Chatham Strait. Lon. 225° 36' E. Lat. 57° 26' N.
Hood's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 138°
52' W. Lat. 9° 26' S.
Hood, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca. Lat. 56° 44' N.
Hoogeveen, t. Netherlands, in Drenthe, 14 m.
W. N. W. Coevorden. Pop. 4,350.
Hoogkde, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 12
m. N. E. Ypres. Pop. 3,500.
Hoogly, an extensive district of Bengal, between
21° and 23° N. lat. and extending a considerable
distance on both sides of the river Bhagarutty. It
contains all the principal towns belonging to the
European nations who have settlements in Ben-
gal.
Hoogly, t. Bengal, and for a considerable period
the capital of the district, is on the W.bank of the
Bhagarutty river, 20 m. N. Calcutta, 75 S. Moor-
shedabad.
Hoogly River, properly the Bhagirutty, r. Ben-
gal, the western outlet of the Ganges. It leaves
the mainstream at Sooty, and passing by Hoogly,
and Calcutta, runs into the bav of Bengal, in lon.
88° E. lat. 21° 40' N. The entrance is extremely
dangerous and difficult, by reason of numerous
sand-banks, which are frequently shifted.
Hookset falls, in Merrimack river, N. H. 8 m. be-
low Concord, and 8 above Amoskeag falls. Here
is a bridge across the river, and a small village,
with a post-office.
Hookstown, v. Md. 6 m. N. W. Baltimore.
Hookstown, p-v. Green co. N. C.
Hooklown, V. Talbot co. Md. 3 m. N. Easton.
Hooly Onore, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 75° 41'
E. Lat." 13° 44' N.
Hoonga-hapaee, and Hongntonga, 4 small isl-
ands in the Pacific. Lon. 20° 32' S.
Hooper'' s island, small isl. Md. in Chesapeake
bay, annexed to Dorchester co.
Hoorn, s-p. Holland, on the Zuyderzee. Its har-
bour is the best on the coast of that sea, and the
trade is extensive. Pop. 9,000. 14 m. E. Alk-
maar, 20 N. N. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° E. Lat.
52° 40' N.
Hoorn Islands, two islands in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 171° 30' E. Lat 15° S.
Hoorn' s Island, small island at the E. entrance
of the straits of Sunda. Lon. 106° 24' E. Lat. 5°
44° S.
Hoosack, mt. in Williamstown, Berkshire, co.
Mass. one of the loftiest summits of the Green
Mountains.
Hoosack, r, which rises in Vermont, and passing
into New-York,joins the Hudson, 8 m. above Lan-
singburg. In the town of Hoosack the river falls
40 feet. At this spot is a village and several \m\\^.
Hoosack, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. E.
Troy, 26 from Albany. Pop. 3, 1 17.
Hop bottom, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa.
Hope, t. Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Chaleur
bay.
Hope, t. Durham co. Up. Canada, on Lake Oi.
tario.
Hope, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E, Wiscai
set. Pop. 787.
Hope, small id. Rhode-bland, in NarragansC
bay.
Hope, p-t. Sussex co. N. J.
Hope, bay, on the N.W. coast of America. Lat.
49° 33' N.
Hopcdale, one of the Missionary settlements oi
the United Brethren, on the coast of Labrador, P.
of Okkak. See Labrador.
Ilojjejield, t. Arkansaw Territorj', on the Missis-
sippi, opposite Chickasaw Bluffs.
Hope Islands, 2 small islands near the N. E. coast
of New Holland. Lon. 214° 36' W.Lat. 15° 41' S.
Hope Island. See Vavao.
Hopeuell, t. Westmoreland co. New Brunswick,
on the Chepodie river, which runs into the bay of
Fundy.
Hopewell, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Fop. 1,987:
Hopewell, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on Delaware
river, 11m. N. Trenton, 14 W. Princeton. Pop.
2,565.
Hopewell, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,577.
Hopewell, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 769.
Hopewell, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,297.
Hopewell, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 805.
Hopewell, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,193.
Hopewell, p-v. York district, S. C.
Hopeicell, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Hopewell, t. Perry co. Ohio, 5 m. N. Somerset.
Hopeicell, t Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. W.
Zanesville.
Hopkins, co. Ken. Pop. 2,964. Slaves, 412.
Chief town, Madisonville.
Hopkins, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 53° 5' N.
Hopkinsville, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 36 m. N. E.
Montpelier.
Hopkinsville, p-v. Powhattan co. Va.
Hopkinsville, p-v. Christian co. Ken.
Hopkinton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 7 m. W.
Concord, 42 E. Charleston. Pop. 2,216. The
courts of the county are held alternately here and
at Amherst.
Hopkinton, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. S. W.
Boston. Pop. 1,345.
Hopkinton, p-t. Washington co. R. 1. 30m.S. W.
Providence. Pop. 1,774.
Hopkinton, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 40 m.
E. Ogdensburg. Pop. 372.
Hor, in Sac. Geog. two mountains, one on the
borders of Edom, the other, a summit in the range
of Mount Lebanon, in the N. part of Canaan.
Horb, t. Wirtemburg, on the Neckar, 20 m. N.
N. W. Hohenburg.
Horbury, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2i m. S. W.
Wakefield. Pop. 2,356.
Horde, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer, 3
m. S. Dortmund.
Horcb, mt. Arabia Petrea, celebrated in Scrip-
ture history, is immediately W. of Mount Sinai,
and forms part of the same chain of hills.
Horgen, t. Swiss canton of Zurich, 10m. S. S. E
Zurich. Pop. 3,300.
Horka. See Brodecz.
Hormisrofi. Los. or T^ip /Inh. rocks, off the N.
H O R
E, coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75° 40' W. Lat. 18°
25' N.
Hormillos, Los, small isl. near the coast of Peru.
Lat. 160 43' S.
Horn, t. Westphalia, in Lippe, 11 m. N. Pader-
torn. Pop. 4,80(\
Hornberg, t Germany, in Baden, 17 m. N. E.
Freybur*.
Hamburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the lis, 18 ra.
W. N. W. Halberstadt. Pop, 2,400.
Hornby, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the river
Loyne, 10 m. N. E. Lancaster.
Horn, Cape, a celebrated promontory off the S.
coast of Terra del Fuego, and the most southern
extremity of South America. It is the south
point of a group of islands, called Hermite islands.
It was formerly considered dangerous to double
this cape, but it is now the common course of all
vessels, being found preferable in every respect to
the tedious passage through the straits of Magel-
lan. Lon. 67° 46' W. Lat. 55° 58' S.
Horncaslle, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the river
Bane, which is navigable to Witham. 21 m. E.
Lincoln. Pop. 2,622.
Hornchurch, L Eng. in Essex, 14 m. E. London.
Horneburg, i. Hanover, in Bremen, on the Aue,
9 m. S. E. Stade.
Hornfiausen, v. Prussian Saxony, 20 m. N. W.
Halberstadt.
Hornhead, cape, on the N. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 7° 51' W. Lat. 55° 13' N.
Horn Island, on the coast of Mississippi, W. of
Dauphin island. It is 17 miles long.
Homoy, t. France, in Somme, 20 m, W.
Amiens.
Hornsea, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 15 m. N. Hull.
Hornsej/, V. Eng. in Middlesex, 5 m. N. Lon-
don. Pop. 3,350.
Horntoivn, p-v. Accomac co. Va. 16 m. S. Snow-
hill.
Horp, Le, t France, in Mayenne, 8 m. N. W.
Vilaine.
Horry, district, S. C. Pop. 4,3^19. Slaves,
1,398.
Horse, one of the smaller Orkney islands. Lon.
2° 31' W. Lat. 58° 59' N.
Horse Islands, small islands near the E. coa?t of
Newfoundland. Lon. 55° 30' VV. Lat. 50°
25' N.
Horseneck, v. in Greenwich, Fairfield co. Ct.
It was settled originally by the Dutch. In 1646,
the Dutch defeated the Indians at this place, after
a severe battle.
Horseneck, cape, N. Y. on the N. side of Long
Island, which forms the E. point at the entrance
of Huntington bay.
Horseneck, v. Essex co. N. J. on the S. side of
the Passaic, 4 m. S. W. Patterson.
Ilorsens, s-p. Jutland, on the Cattegat, 19 m. S,
S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 9° 52' E. Lat. 55° 52' N-
Pop. 2,400.
Horsfortk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. W.
Leeds. Pop. 2,315.
Horsham, t. Eng. in Sussex, on the Adur. It is
a borough, and returns 2 members to parliament.
Pop. 2,839. 20 m. N. W. Brighton, 36 S. London.
Lon. 0° 20' W. Lat. 51° 4' N.
Horsham, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 938.
Horst, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 8 m. N. N.
W. Venlo®.
Hortes, t. Frnnce. in Upper Marne, 9 m. E.
rreSc
H O U
339
Horton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Brad-
ford. Pop. 4,423.
Horvos, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the N.
coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70° 5' W. Lat. 21°
10' N.
Horwick, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. W.
Great Bolton. Pop. 2,374.
Horzitz, t. Bohemia, 13 m. N. N. W. Konigin-
gratz. Pop. 2,400.
Horzowitz, t. Bohemia, 28 m. S. W. Prague.
Hospital, or Rainesford, isl. Mass. in Boston
harbor, annexed to Hingham, 6 m. S. E. Boston.
At this place vessels perform quarantine, and
there is a hospital for seamen.
Hossein Jibdaul, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 71°
43' E. Lat. 33° N.
Hosso Durga, t. India, in Cinara. Lon. 75°
13' E. Lat. 12° 16' N.
Hossobetta, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75° E.
Lat. 12° 42' N.
Hostalric, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Tor-
dera, 36 m. E. N. E. Barcelona, 20 S. S. W. Ge«
rona.
Hosterlitz, t. Moravia, 30 m. W. by S. Auster-
litz.
Hostimuri, t. Mexico, 80 m. S. Sonora.
Hot springs, p-v. Bath co. Va. See Bath
county.
Hottentots, a people who inhabit the S. part of
Africa. Their country extends eastward along
the sea coast from the Cape of Good Hope, to the
territory of the KafTres, and is bounded N. by the
Orange river, which separates them from the Bosh-
uauRs and Damaras. There are three races :
the inhabitants of the colony, the Bosjesmans,
and the Namaquas. 'I'he Hottentots of the colo-
ny are about 15,000 in number. They are a mild,
quiet, and timid people, perfectly harmless, hon-
est, and faithful, but naturally the most lazy peo-
ple on earth. Their indolence is a real disease ;
they will rather fast and sleep the whole daj', than
seek food by any exertion. The Bosjesman Hot-
tentots inhabit the most inaccessible parts of the
Sneuwbergand Nieuweldt mountains, which form
the northern boundary of the colony. They are
a wild and restless race. From their rugged
haunts they make inroads into the plantations,
carry off the cattle and sheep, and frequently kill
the farmers and their domestics. Their activity
is incredibly great. They are said to be so swift,
that on rough ground, horsemen have no chance
with them. The JVamaqua Hottentots inhabit the
N, W. parts of the colony. — The United Breth-
ren established a mission among the Hottentots in
1736, which was renewed in 1792, since which
the London Society have sent out many mission-
aries. The labors of both have been attended with
the happiest effects. The Hottentots at several set-
tlements, now cultivate the fields, own large num-
bers of cattle, exercise various trades, and con-
tribute liberally to the support of religious and
charitable institutions, exhibiting a wonderful
proof of the power of Christianity in elevating
men from sloth and misery to activity and com-
fort. See South .Africa.
Hotzenplotz, t. Austrian Silesia, 20 m. N. Trop-
pau.
Houat, isl. France, opposite the mouth of the
Vilaine, in Morbihan, 7 m. N. E. Belleisle. Lon.
2° 56' 27" W. Lat. 47° 23' 32" N.
Houdan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Vesgre. 17 ra. S W Nantes,
42
330
HOW
H U I^
Houga, La, t. France, in Gers, 30 m. S. W.
Condom.
Hmigarden, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
en the Geete, 1 1 m. S. E. Louvain. Pop. 2,500.
H&ughton, V. Eng. in Norfolk.
Hmghton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. S. E.
Manchester.
Houghim, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, on lake
Erie.
Houghton, Port, harbor, on the N. W. coast of
America, between Points Hobart and Walpole.
Lat. 57° 20' N.
Houghton Le Spring, t. Eng. 7 m. N. E, Dur-
ham, Pop. 1,356.
Hougue. See Hogue.
Hoiingham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 18 m. N.
York.
Hmmdsbos-duynen, shindy ridge, on the coast of
Holland, 4 m. fr. AUcmaar, extending about 4 or
5 miles.
Hounsfield, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake On-
tario. Pop. 943. In this town is Sackett's har-
bor.
HouTulou; t. Eng. in Middlesex, on a branch of
the Colne, on the edge of Hounslow Heath, 9 m.
W. London.
Housatonnuc, r. which rises in Berkshire co.
Mass. and running S. across Connecticut, enters
Long Island Sound between Milford and Strat-
ford. In the latter part of its course, it is called
Sti-atford river. It is navigable for small vessels,
12 miles to Derby. Between Canaan and Salis-
bury in the N. W. corner of the State, it has a
perpendicular fall of 60 feet.
Houssa, or Haoussa, country, of central Africa,
on the Niger, with a capital of the same name.
From all the accounts transmitted to Europe, it
appears to be the most civilized and improved of
any of the native states of this continent ; but
our knowledge of it is still exceedingly imperfect.
According to the recent information of Mr. Bow-
dich, Houssa is situated some days journey to the
nortli of the brancli of the Niger called tlie Gam-
baroo. It is considerably larger than Tombuctoo,
and superior to any other city N. of the Niger,
except Bornou.
Houstonville, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Houstonri/le, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C.
Howakil, large bay, Abyssinia. Lat. 15° 1' N.
Howard, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
from lake Erie to the river Thames,
Hou-ard, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 12 m. W. Bath.
Honard, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 761.
Howard, co. Missouri, on both sides of Missouri
river. At the court-house is a post-office, 60 m.
fr. Cote sans dessein, 150 W. St. Louii. Lat. 38"^
45' N.
Hotrdai, or Hoveden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near
the confluence of the Ouse with the Humber, 25
m. W. Hull. Lon. 0° 51' W. Lat. 53° 45' N.
Pop. 1,812.
Howell, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 2,780.
HoweWs store, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama.
Howf's Foreland, peninsula, on the N. E. coast
of Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 69° 28' £, Lat. 48°
48' S.
Howe^s Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's
islands. Lon. 164° 43' E. Lat, 11° 10' S,
Howe*! Island, isl. in the Pacific, by the natives
called Mopetro. Lon. 154° 7' W. Lat. 1G°
46' S.
Howe's Sound, bay, in the fulf «f Georgia.
Lon. 237° R Lat, 49« 93' N-
Howland, i. Trumbull co, Ohio, 4 m, E. Wac-
ren.
Howih, a peninsula on the coast of Ireland,
which forms the N, boundary of the bay of Dub-
lin. A magnificent harbor has been constructed
here, to shelter such vessels as are bound for the
port of Dublin.
Hoxter, or Hu.rtcr, t. Prussian states, on the
Weser, 16 m. W Grubenhagen. Pop. 2,900.
Hoy, isl. one of the Orkneys, 4 m. W. Ronald-
say. Lon. 3° 7' W. Lat. 58° 43' N.
Hoya, province, Hanover, adjoining Bremen
and Oldenburg, Extent, 1,165 sq. miles. Pop-
90,000. Hoya, the capital, is on the A Her, 23 m.
S. E. Bremen.
Hoyer, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on the North
sea.
Hoyerswerda, or Woireta, t. Prussian states, in
Upper Lusatia, on the Black Elster, 34 m. N. E.
Dresden.
Hoy land JYefher, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. E,
Barnesley.
Hoym, t. Saxony, on the Selke, 16 m. W. Bern-
burg.
Hradisch, t. Moravia, on the Morawa, 30 m. ^.
Olmutz. Lon. 17° 4 E. Lat. 49° .5' N.
Huttheine, or .^heine, the easternmost* of the
Society Islands. It is 24 miles in circumference,
and is divided into two peninsulas, by an isthmus
overflowed at high water. Lon. 150° 58' W. Lat.
1 6° 43' S. See Society Islands.
Hnailas. See Guailas.
Hualsoe, small isl, near the coast of Norway.
Lat. 69^ 40' N.
Huamalies. See Guamalies.
Hvximelua, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 leagues S.
E. Mexico. Lon. 95° 44' W. Lat. 16° 13' N.
Hubbard, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. S. E,
Warren.
Hvbbardstmtn, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 40m. N.W.
Windsor. Pop. 734.
Hubbnrdstown, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 21 m
N. Worcester. Pop. 1,127.
Hiibber, small isl. in the Baltic. Lon. 13° 40'
E, Lat, 54<3 38' N.
Hubely, or Hoobly, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon.
75° 10' E. Lat. 15° 24' N.
Hubert, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada.
Hucheswagen, t. Prussian states of the Rhine,
on the Wipper, 28 m. E. S. E. Dusseldorf, 31 N,
E. Cologne. Pop. 4,300.
Huddersjield, t. Eng. on the Colne, in York-
shire, one of the principal seats of the woollen
manufacture in the kingdom. It communicates
by canals with Manchester, Liverpool, and Hull.
Pop. in 181 1, 9,671. 8 m. S. E. Halifax, 16 S. W.
Leeds. 189 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 49' W. Lat.
53° 39' N.
Hudismenil, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. F.
Granville.
Hudson, city, port of entry, and cap. of Colum
bia CO. N. Y. is finely situated on the E. bank of
Hudson river, which is navigable to this place for
the largest ships, 30 m. S. Albany, 130 N. New
York. Lat. 42° 14' N. Its growth has been very
rapid. It was founded in 1784 ; in 1786, the pop-
ulation was 1,500 ; and in 1810, 4,048. The site
of Hudson is on a high point, which projects into
the river, terminating in a bold cliff, on each side
of which are bays of considerable extent. The
city is regularly laid out in streets and squares,
and contains an academy, 2 banks, 4 printing-offi-
i
H U L
•ics, aud 4 houses of public worship, 1 for P'riends,
i for Presbyterians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for
Episcopalians. The creeks on the borders of tiie
town aiford fine seats for mills and manufactories,
and a few years since, Hudson was regarded as
the third town in the state in manufactures, and
the fourth in commerce. The amount of shipping
fn 1815, was 3,449 tons.
Hiidson River, N. Y. one of the best for navi-
gation in America, rises in the mountainous re-
gion on the W. of lake Champlain, and pursuing
a southerly course of more than 300 miles, com-
municates with tlie Atlantic, below New York
city. It is navigable for ships to Hudson; for
large sloops to Albany, near the head of the tide,
160 m. from New York ; and for small sloops, to
Troy, 6 miles further. It is connected by a ca-
nal with lake Champlain ; and the grand canal,
now in progress, will soon connect it with lake
Erie.
Hxuison, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Ravenna, 23 S. E. Cleveland. Pop. 793.
Hudson s Bay, a large bay of N. America, ex-
tending from Ion. 78° to 95° W. and from lat. 52°
to 68° N. The Hudson's bay company have sev-
eral settlements and forts, especially on the west
coast, where their agents carry on a traffic with
the Indians for beaver skins and other valuable
furs.
Hudson's House, one of the Hudson's bay com-
pany's factories, in N. America, on the Saskasha-
wine. Lon. 106° 27' 20'' W. Lat. 53° 0' 32" N.
Hudson Point, cape, on the W. coast of N.
America, a little within the entrance of Admiral-
ty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 33' E.
Lat. 48° 8' N.
Hudson^s Straits, or Frobisher^s Mistaken
Strait, the narrow sea between the Atlantic
ocean and Hudson's bay, N. of Labrador.
Hudwickswali, or Hudikswall, s-p. Sweden, in
Helsingland. Lon. 17° 8' E. Lat. 61° 45' N.
Hveen, or fVeen^ isl. of the Baltic, in the Sound,
3 m. fr. the coast of Sweden, 9 fr. Elsinore, 15 fr.
Copenhagen.
Huejutta, citv, Mexico, 210 m. N. E. Mexico.
Lon. 274° 15' W. Lat. 22° 35' N.
Huelva, maritime t. Spain, in Seville, 67 m, N.
W. Cadiz. Pop. 5,000.
Huerari, r. New Granada, which enters the
Amazon, in lat. 3° 27' S.
Huesca, t. Spain, in Arragon, 30 m. N. E. Sara-
gossa. Lon. 0°15'W. Lat. 42° N. Pop. 6,800.
Huesear, t. Spain, 70 m. N. E. Granada. Pop.
3,000.
Hueta, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 51 m. E. S. E. Ma-
drid. Pop. 2,500.
Hueyque Leuvu. See Colorado Rio.
Hugh, Point, the S. E. point of Admiralty island.
Lon. 226° 30' E. Lat 57° 27' N.
Hughes'*, p-v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri.
Hughesville, p-v. Patrick co. Va.
Huldipookre, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon.
86° 15' E. Lat. 22° 37' N.
Huldschin, or Holtschin, t. Silesia, 13 m. E.
Troppau.
Hulingsburg, p-v. Armstrong co. Pa.
Hulin^s Rocks, or the Maids, rocks in the N.
channel of the Irish sea. Lon. 5° 37' W. Lat.
54° 57' N.
HuU, r. Eng. in Yorkshire, which falls into the
Humber at Hull.
Hull, or Kingston upon Hull, a-p, Eng. in York-
HUM
331
shire, on the Humber, at the junction of the
Hull. It is admirably situated for commerce, be-
ing connected by the wide spread branches of the
Humber, and by navigable canals, with York,
Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Notting-
ham, Birmingham, and Bristol, and is open on the
east to the eastern coast and the continent. With
these facilities for trade, a general spirit of com-
mercial activity and euterprize has diffused itself,
and this growing emporium is now the fourth, if
not the third, in point of extent and importance,
in the United Kingdom. The foreign trade is
principally to the Baltic, but a regular traffic is
also kept up to the southern parts of Europe, to
the West Indies, and to America. Hull is more
extensively engaged in the whale fishery, by far,
than any other port in Britain. The number of
whale ships, for several years past has been about
60. The coasting trade for coals, corn, wool,
manufactured goods, &c. is prodigious; and the
inland trade exceeds that of any other English
port. Within the last 30 years, the town has
been greatly enlarged, and is continually receiv-
ing new additions and improvements. The
old dock was begun ill 1775 ; it is 700 yards long,
85 wide, and 22 deep, and will contain 130 ves-
sels of 300 tons : it covers an area of 10 acrea.
The Humber dock was begun in April 1807: it
opens into the Humber by a lock which will ad-
mit a 50 gun-ship. Hull was formerly a place of
great strength, but the walb have been entirely
demolished by the extension and improvements of
the town. It sends 2 members to parliament.
Pop. in 1811, 26,792; but including Drypool,
Sutton, Sculcoatea, and those absent at sea, it will
be upwards of 40,000. 36 m. S. E. York, 174 N.
London. Lon. 0° 16' W. Lat. 53° 45' N.
Hull, t. York CO. Lower Canada, on Ottawa
river.
Hull, t. Plymouth co. Mass. on the S. sid^ of
Boston harbor, 9 m. E. Boston, 36 N. Plymouth.
Pop. 132. It is a peninsula 8 miles long, connect-
ed with Hingham by a mill dam.
HuW s cross-roads, p-v. Hartford co. Md.
HulPs store, or Crab-bottom, p-v. Pendleton co.
Va.
Hulme, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. S. E. Man-
chester. Pop. 3,081.
Hulmeville, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.
Huls, t. Prussian states of the Rhine, in Cleves,
35 m. N. W. Cologne.
Hulst, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, 20 m,
N. E. Ecloo. Lon. 4° 3' 27" E. Lat. 51° 6' 53" N.
Hultschin. See Huldschin.
Humam Aula, v. Asia Minor, 65 m. W. Angora,
Humber, r. Eng. formed by the junction of the
Ouse, the Aire, and the Trent. It is the outlet of
all the eastern rivers of England, from the Tees
to the Trent, and runs into the German ocean, in
lat. 53° 30' N.
Humber, r. Newfoundland, which falls into the
gulf of St. Lawrence, through the Bay of Islands.
Humberstone, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on
lake Erie.
Humbolecs, L Bohemia, in Czaslau, 9 m. S. W.
Teutsch-Brod. Pop. 2,000.
Hummelstovn, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara
creek, 10 m. l\. Harrisburg.
Hummock, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 15 m.
S. Mindanao. Lon. 126° 37' E. Lat. 5° 24' N.
"^ Hummock Idand, in the Eastern ?ea. Lat. 24°
15' N, Lon, 123°£.0'S
332
HUN
HUN
Hummock JPoint, cape, Celebes. Lon. 121° 39'
E. Lat. 1° 20' N.
Hump Isle, isl. in the Eastern sea, off the N.
coast of Papua. Lon. 135° 30' E. Lat. 2° 30' S.
Humphreys, co. West Tennessee, on the E. side
of Tennessee river. Pop. l,5n. Slaves, 132.
Chief town, Reynoldsburg.
HuvxphreysiiUe, p-v. in Derby, New^ Haven co.
Ct. on the iVaugatuck, 4 m. above its confluence
with the Housatonuuc. Here is an extensive
woollen factory. At this place, merino sheep
were first introduced into the U. S. in 1801, by
Gen. Humphreys.
Humphreysville, p-v. Union co. S. C.
Huna, r. Hungary, which separates Croatia
from Sclavonia, and falls into the Save.
Hundersjield, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E.
Rochdale. Pop. in 1801, 10,671. It is now di-
vided into 4 distinct townships.
Htindsfeld. See Friedrichsfelde.
Hundsruck, an extensive district of the Prussian
states, including, in its most comprehensive sense,
the whole territory between the Rhine, tlie Mo-
selle, and the Nahe.
Hune, La, bay, Newfoundland, 90 m. E. Cape
Ray.
Himfleet, or Hunslei, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on
the Aire, 2 m. S. E. Leeds. Pop. 6,393.
Hungary, kingdom, in the S. E. of Europe,
forming a considerable part of the Austrian do-
minions, bounded W. by part of Germany, N. by
Galicia, from which it is separated by the Carpa-
thian mountains ; E. by Transylvania and Walla-
chia; S. by Turkey, Sc'javonia, and Croatia, from
wliich it is separated bv the Drave and the Dan-
ube. It lies between 16^ 5' and 27° 6' E. lon. and
44° 13' and 49° 26' N. lat. Extent, 84,500 sq.
miles. Pop. estimated at 7,300,000.
The frontier of Hungary, on almost every side,
consists of lofty mountains, while the interior is
an immense plain. The mountains contain nu-
merous mines of gold, silver, lead, copper,
&c. The annual produce of these mines is about
21,000 marks (each of 8 oz.) of gold; 93,000
marks (ditto) of silver; 23,000 cwt. of lead;
48,500 CM't. of copper; 41,000 cwt. of forged
iron ; and 500 cwt. of zinc. Agriculture is ex-
tremely backwai'd; but Hungary has long been
celebrated for its pastures, and can vie with Eng-
land in regard to cattle. The inhabitants consist
of a great variety of different tribes ; the ma-
jority are Sclavonians ; next to them, in point of
number, are the Hungarians proper ; the de-
scendants of Germans are numerous, particularly
in the west ; the Walachians inhabit the Bannat
and other counties in the S. and E. ; of the minor
tribes, the chief are Greeks, Armenians, Jews,
and Gypsies. — The constitution of Hungary is a
compound of monarchy and aristocracy. The
inhabitants consist of three classes, nobles, citi-
zens, arid peasants. All political rights are en-
joyed by the two former, who assume to them-
selves the title of the nation, while the peasantry
are treated as an inferior race. The latter alone
pay taxes. The whole number of nobles is about
326,000. The principal exports are corn, tobac-
co, wine, and wool. The imports are chiefly
manufactured goods and colonial produce. The
revenue is between 3,000,000/. and 4,000,000/
sterling, forming nearly one-third of the whole
revenue of Austria. The standing army consists
of 63,000 men. There is also the permanent mi-
litia, established in a tract of countrv alon^r the
southern frontier ; in this district, every man is
born a soldier. The district is governed by a
military constitution, and the inhabitants are ex-
empted from taxes, on condition of being ready
to take arms, Avhen called on by government. —
The numbers of the different religious sects, in-
cluding Sclavonia and Croatia, are estimated as
follows : Roman Catholics, 4,000,000, Greeks
2,500,0(X),Calvinists l,300,000,Lutherans 700,000,
Jews 80,000. The Protestants were formerly op-
pressed, but since the time of Joseph II. (1780,)
there has been complete toleration, and all sects
are now zealous in support of the Austrian govern-
ment.
Hungerford, t. Eng. partly in Berkshire and
partly in Wiltshire, on the Kennet, 25 m. W.
Reading, 64 W. London. Lon. 1° 30' W. Lat. 51°
24' N. Pop. 1,300.
Hungerford, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada.
Hungry bay, N. Y. in Lake Ontario, on which is
Sacketts harbor. It affords good anchorage, and
safe shelter for the largest vessels.
Hungry toun, p-t. Lunenburg co. Va.
Huningen, or Huningue, a fortress in the east
of France, on the Rhine, once of great strength,
but demolished since 1816 ; 16 m. E. Altkirch.
Lon. 7- 33' E. Lat. 47° 41' N.
Hunmanby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. fr. Brid-
lington.
Hunt, Point, the N. cape of Pitt's Archipelago.
Lon. 229° 48' E. Lat. 54° 10' N.
Huntau, small r. East Prussia, which falls into
the Frisch Haff.
Hunte, r. Westphalia, which flows through the
lake called Dummersee, and passing by Olden-
burg, runs into the Weser about 20 m. below.
Dunter, formerly Greenland, t. Greene co. N. Y.
Hunter, Cape, cape on the -S. W. coast of New
Georgia. Lon. 160° 3' E. Lat. 9° 42' N.
Hunter'' s Isles, cluster of islands off the N. W.
extremity of Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 145° E.
Lat. 40° 30' S.
Hunter, Port, harbor, on the E. coast of New
Holland, in S. lat. 33°.
Hunterdon, co. N. J. on Delaware river, in-
closed by the counties of Sussex, Morris, Somer-
set, and Cumberland, and by Delaware river.
Pop. 24,553. Chief town, Trenton.
Hunterstown, t. St. Maurice co. Lower Canada,
28 m. N. W. Three-Rivers.
Hunterstoum, v. York co. Pa. 25 m. W. York.
Huiitersville, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C.
Hunting Creek, r. Va. which runs into the Po-
tomac, at the S. corner of Columbia district.
Hunting creek town, v. Dorchester co. Md. 18
m. N. E. Cambridge.
Huntingdon, co. Eng. bounded N. by North-
amptonshire, E. by Cambridgeshire, S. by Cam-
bridgeshire and Bedfordshire, and W. by North-
amptonshire. Extent, 210,000 acres, or 340 sq.
miles. Pop. in 1811, 42,208. Families, 8,808 ; of
which number 5,36 1 are engaged in agriculture,
2,205 in trade, &:c. and 1,242 otherwise.
Huntingdon, t. Eng. cap. of Huntingdonshire,
on the N. bank of the Ouse, which is here naviga-
ble for barges and small vessels. It is a borough,
and sends two members to parliament. Pop. in
1811, 2,397. 15 m. N. W. Cambridge, 58i N.
London. Lon. 0° 10' W. Lat. 52° 20' N.
Huntingdon, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side
of the St. Lawrence.
Huntingdon, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada.
Huntingdon, co. Pa, inclosed by the counties of
H U R
H Y D
333
Centre, Mifflin, Franklin, Bedford, and Cambria.
Pop. 14,778.
Huntingdon, p-t. and cap. Huntingdon co. Pa.
on the N. side of the Juniatta, 50 m. above its
mouth, 129 E. Pitbburg, 186 W. Philadelphia.
Pop. 1,698.
Huntingdon, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,014.
Huntingdon, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,114.
Huntingdmi, East, t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Pop. 1,267.
Huntingdon, North, t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Pop. 3,345.
Huntingdon, South, t. Westmoreland, co. Pa.
Pop. 1,656.
Hunting sound, channel on the coast of N. C.
between Core bank and the main.
Huntington, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 15 m. S. E.
Burlington. Pop. 514.
Huntington, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the Housa-
tonnuc, which separates it from Derby, 17 m. W.
New-Haven. Pop. 2,770.
Huntington, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long-Island, N.
Y. 40 m. E. New- York. Pop. 4,424. It extends
across the island from the sound to the Atlantic,
and contains 5 houses of public worship. The
village of Huntington is built on a bay which sets
up from the sound. Here is an academy. On
Eaton's neck, the N. E. part of the town, is a light-
house.
Huntington, p-v. Laurens district, S. C.
Huntington, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 15 m. N. W.
Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 255.
Huntington, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 3 ra.
S. Chillicothe.' Pop. in 1818, 1,025.
Huntington, t. Brown co.Ohio.
Huntingtown, p-t. Calvert co. Md. on Hunting
creek, 22 m. N. E. Port Tobacco, 40 fr. Annapolis.
Huntly, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at the
confluence of the Bogie with the Deveron, 28 m.
N. W. Aberdeen.
Huntsburg, t. Franklin co. Vt. 36 m. N. N. E.
Burlington. Pop. 714.
HunVs mills, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Huntspill, pari.sh, Eng. in Somersetshire, 7 m.
N. Bridgewater. Pop. 1,119.
Huntsville, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Huntscille, p-v. Laurens district, S. C.
Huntsville, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Alabama,
near the head waters of Indian creek, a little N.
of Tennessee river, 120 m. from the falls of Black-
warrior, 113 S. Nashville, (Ten.) Lon. 87° W.
Lat. 34° 30' N. It is regularly laid out, and con-
tains a court-house, market, printing office, bank,
and about 100 houses. The town is supplied with
good water. It is in a fertile country, and is rap-
idly increasing.
Huntsville, p-v. Robertson co. Ten.
Hunyad, t. Transylvania, 44 m. S. W. Hermen-
stadt.
Hurdivar, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank of
the Ganges, near where that river issues from the
mountains. It is one of the celebrated places of
Hindoo purification, 86 m. N. of Delhi. Lon. 78°
2* E. Lat. 29° 57' N.
Huriel, t. France, in Allier, 6 m. N. W. Mont-
lucon.
Hurley, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 3 m. W. Kingston.
Pop. 1,333.
Huron, one of the great lakes on the boun-
dary between the U. S. and Canada. Its greatest
length from E. to W. is 218 miles, and from N. to
S. 180, and it is estimated to contain 5,000,000
acres. Lon. 00° 10' to 81° 30' W. Lat. 43° 20' to
46° 10' N. On its N. W. side it receives the wa-
ters of Lake Superior through the river St. Ma-
ry's, and is connected with Lake Michigan by the
straits of Michilimackinac. It discharges itself at
its southern extremity, through St. Clair river,
into Lalce St. Clair. The Manatoulin islands
stretch from E. to W. along the northern side of
the lake for 160 miles. Many of them are from
20 to 30 miles long, by 10, 12, and 15 broad ; be-
sides this great chain, there are many others of in-
ferior dimensions, which render the navigation in-
tricate, and in some places, particularly towards
the west end, dangerous. The shores of this lake
are represented as sterile ; but they have been
very imperfectly explored. The steam-boat from
Lake Erie occasionally makes a trip across thi3
lake to Mackinaw.
Huron, co. Ohio, on Lake Erie and Sandusky
bay. Chief town, Avery.
Huron, p-t. Huron co. Ohio, 5 m. N. E. Avery,
47 W. Cleaveland.
Huron, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 6
m. E. Sandusky bay.
Huron of Erie, r. Michigan Territory, which
falls into Lake Erie not far below the mouth of
Detroit river. It is boatable 50 or 60 miles.
Huron of St. Clair, r. Michigan Territory,
which issues from a chain of small lakes in the
neighborhood of Pontiac, and flows into Lake St.
Clair about 20 m. above Detroit.
Hurreepore, district, Hind, in Lahore, between
32° and 33° N. lat.
Hurrial, t. Bengal. Lon. 89° 17' E. Lat.240 19' N,
Hurrianeh. See Hissar Ferozeh.
Hurricane, t. Lincoln co. Missouri.
Hurst Castle, fortress, Eng. in Hampshire, at
the point of a remarkable tongue of land, scarcely
200 yards over at high water, yet projecting two
miles into the sea towards the Isle of Wight, 2 m.
W. of Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight. Lon. 1° 33'
E. Lat. 50° 42' N.
Hurst Monceaux. See Hertsmonceaux.
Hits, Husch, or Hussu, t. Moldavia, on the
Pruth, 70 m. S. W. Bender. Lon. 28° 34' E. Lat.
46° 35' N.
Husinecz, or Hussenilz, t. Bohemia, on the
Blanitz, the native place of John Huss, 4 m. N.
Prachatitz.
Hussenabad, t. Hind, in Mulwah, on the Nar-
buddah. Lon. 77° 54' E. Lat. 22° 42' N.
Hustnapore, or Hustinagara, city. Hind, in
Delhi, on the W. bank of the Ganges, about 50 m.
N.E.Delhi. Lon. 77° 56' E. Lat. 29° 7' N.
Husum, s-p. Denmark, on the Aue, 16 m. W,
Sleswick. Lon. 9° 4' 42" E. Lat. 54° 28' 59" N.
Pop. 4,000.
Huttany, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75° 20' E.
Lat. 16° 59' N.
Huttenberg, t. Lower Carinthia, 25 m. N. E.
Clagenfurt.
Huttonsville, p-v. Randolph co. Va.
Huttu-eil, t. Swiss canton of Berne, 18 m. N. E.
Berne.
Huy, or Hoye, t. Netherlands, on the Maese, 16
m. E. Namur. Lon. 5° 11' E. Lat. 50° 30' N.
Hy. See lona.
Hyaron, small isl. of the Grecian Archipelago,
near the coast of Morea, between the gulfs of Na-
poli and Engia.
Hyde, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4 m. N. E. Stockport.
Pop. 1,806.
Hyde, co. on the coast of N. C. Pop. 6,029.
Staves, 1,852. Chieftown, Germantown.
9SH
I B U
Hyde parky p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 34 m. N. Mont-
pclier. Pop. 261.
Hyde park, p-v. in Clinton, Dutchess co. N. Y.
8 m. N. Poughkeepsie. Here is an academy.
Hyderabad, province, Hind, formerly called Te-
lingana, and afterwards Golcondah, situated chief-
ly between 16° and 19° N. lat. .and strictly speak-
ing;, comprising the country between the rivers
Godavery and Kistna. The term is frequently
used in a much more extensive sense, and applied
to all the territories of the Nizam, including the
provinces of Bedcr and Nandere, part of Dowlet,
or Aurungabad, partof Bejapore, and part of Be-
rar. The nizam is supported in his authority by a
British force of 10,000 fighting men, and by trea-
ties of alliance offensive and defensive.
Hyderabad, or Bagnagar, the capital of the
above province, is on the S. bank of the Musa,
about 6 m. from the strong fortress of Golcondah.
It is a fine and populous city, of about 7 miles in
circumference, and surrounded by a stone wall.
I.on. 78° 52' E. Lat. 17° 17' N.
Hyderabad, city, Hindostan, and cap. of the pro-
vince of Sinde, on the Indus. Lon. 68° 41' E. Lat.
25° 22' N. Pop. 15,000.
I C E
Hyderabad. See Soory.
Hydergur, fortress, India, in Mysore, which
commands the road from the portof Cundapore to
the city of Bednore. 14 m. S- W. Bednore.
Hydra, or Idra, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
near the E. coast of the Morea, 10 miles long and
2 broad. It is rocky and little cultivated, but very
populous and commercial. The number of vessels
amounts to 200, carrying from 100 to 400 tons each,
and in general well equipped. They trade to
France, Spain, Italy, and other countries. The
sEulow are considered the most intrepid in the Ar-
chipelago. At a large school established in the
island, the ancient Greek is taught. Lon. 23^^ 30'
E. Lat. 37° 20' N. Pop. 20,000.
Hydrah, or Hedra, t. Tunis, on the frontier of
Algiers, distinguished by very extensive ruins.
150 m. S. W. Tunis.
Hyllekrog, small isl. of the Baltic, belonging tor
Denmark. Lon. 1 1° 32' E. Lat. 54° 36' N.
Hythe, t. Eng. in Kent, and one of the cinque
ports, but its harbour gradually filling up, the
trade has declined. Pop. 2,318. 9 m. S. W. Do-
ver, 67 S. E. London. Lon. 1° 5' E. Lat. &1°"
4' N.
I.
Ibabao, or lamao, one of the Philippine isi-
lands. Lat. 11° 30' 13'' N.
Ibague, t. New Granada, 70 m. W. S. W. Santa
Fe. Lon. 75° 18' W. Lat. 4° 28' N.
Ibarra, t. S. America, 42 m. N. E. Quito. Lon.
77° 55' W. Lat. 0° 20' N. Pop. 12,000.
Ibarra, settlement, Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 27
m. from Zacatecas. Lon. 101° 24' W. Lat. 22°
32'30''N.
Ibbtnbuhren, t. Hanover, 12 m. N. W. Osna-
bruck. Pop. 1,300.
Ibberville, or Bayou Manchac, r. Louisiana, one
of the outlets of the Mississippi. It leaves the main
stream at Manchac, 20 m. below Baton rouge, and
after an E. course of 20 miles, receives Amite riv-
er ; thence its course is S. E. 40 miles, until it
joins Lake Maurepas. It is navigable three months
in the year for vessels drawing 3 or 4 feet water,
but during the rest of the year, it is entirely dry,
from the Mississippi to the mouth of Amite river.
Ibberville, co. Louisiana. Pop. 2,679.
Ibberville, p-v. Ibberville co. Louisiana.
Iberi, or Caracaras, lake, S. America, between
the rivers Parana and Uraguay, in 28° and 29° S.
lat. It is more than 100 miles long, and 40 broad.
Ibi, t Spain, in Valencia, 61 m. N. bv W. Va-
lencia. Pop. 3,200.
Ibleam, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Manasseh.
Ibopeluba, small isl. near the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 25° 33' S.
Ibrahim Bassa, (an. Adonis,) r. Syria, which
runs into the Mediterranean,about5m. S. Gihelet.
Ibraila. See Brahilow.
Ibraim, r. Persia, which runs into the Persian
gulf, 6 m. S. W. Mina.
Ibrim, t Nubia, in Africa, on the Nile, 120 m. S.
Syene.
Iburg, t. Hanover, on the Colbeck, 10 m. S. W.
Omabruck, 30 N. E. Munster.
lea. See Putumayu.
lea, a province of Peru, bordering on the Pacif-
ic ocean. It is 50 leagues long, from N. to S. and
24 broad. lea, the capital, is 140 m. E. S. E. Li-
ma, 25 S. by E. Pisco. Lon. 75° 28' W. Lat. 13=
50' S.
league, cape, St. Domingo, at the entrance of
the bay of Samana. Lat. 19° 2' N.
Iceland, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, belonging to
Denmark, about 280 m. long from E. to W. and
210 from N. to S. Extent, 40,000 square miles.
95 m. from Greenland, 220 from the Faroe isles,
and 330 from Drontheim in Norway. Lat. 63°
to 67° N. Lon. 12° to 25° W. Pop. 50,000. Its
surface is rugged and mountainous ; its soil pro-
duces no corn, and hardly any of the necessaries
of life. No part of the globe presents such a num-
ber of volcanic mountains, so many boiling springs,
or such immense tracts of lava. Mount Hekla is
the principal volcano. It is 5,000 feet high, and
has sometimes thrown out stones and lava to the
distance of 150 miles. There have been 16 great
eruptions ; but with one exception, (October
1818,) it has been quiet since the middle of
last century. The spouting springs are on the
west side of the island, 16 m. N. of Skalholt.
They throw into the air great jets of boiling wa-
ter, accompanied with a noise like the firing of
cannon. The height of the jets is commonly from
90 to 100 feet ; but it is said sometimes to exceed
200. The exports are fish of all kinds, oil, tallow,
butter, wool, worsted stockings, down, and feath-
ers ; also the skins of sheep, foxes, and other ani-
mals. The food of the Icelanders consists almost
entirely of fish. Their manners are exceedingly
simple ; and they display a strong attachment to
their native land, which, in their estimate, is the
finest of the works of God. They are grave, and
1 G N
in general religious. Their language is the Goth-
ic, and has been preserved with little change,
while Swedish and Danish, derived from the same
source, have undergone great modifications.
There are few countries where a greater propor-
tion of the inhabitants are accustomed to read,
than in Iceland. Their stock of books is not large,
but they lend to each other, and frequently copy
what they borrow. A distressing scarcity of Bi-
bles that prevailed throughout the island, was re-
lieved by a liberal distribution from Britain, in
1815 : the version was in the Icelandic, and was
received with the greatest thankfulness by the
poor natives. In the dark ages, when continental
Europe was immersed in such ignoi*ance, the Ice-
landers attained a high degree of literary improve-
ment : they cultivated poetry with success, and
their historical writings are still considered among
the most authentic documents for the antiquities
of the north. The religion of Iceland is the Lu-
theran. The number of churches exceeds 300.
Icolmkill. See lona.
Iconiutn, in Sac. Geog. a city of Asia Minor, be-
longing at different periods to Phrygia, Lycaonia,
Pisidia, and Cilicia. Its modern name is Konieh.
Icononso, a very singular pass in S. America, on
the road from Popayan to Santa Fe.
Icy Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 59° 58' N.
Icy Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of America,
in the Frozen sea. Lon. 198^20' E. Lat. 70° 29' N.
Idanha a Velha, t. Portugal, in Beir^, 22 m.
S. S. W. Alfayates. Lon. 6° AW W. Lat. 39° 50' N.
Idle, r. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, which falls
into the Trent a few miles before its conflux with
the Ouse.
Idones. See Llanes.
Idra, or Idria. See Hydra.
Idria, t. Austrian empire, in the new kingdom
of lUyria, in the circle of Adelsbei^, remarkable
for its mines, particularly those of quicksilver.
The annual produce of the mines is about 360,000
lbs. of metal, of which nearlv half is mercury. 28
m. W. Laybach, 32 N. N. E. Trieste. Lon. 14°
8' E. Lat. 46° N. Pop. 3,600.
Idstein, t. Germany, in Nassau, and the resi-
dence of the duke. 16 m. N. Mentz, 27 S. W.
Wetzlar. Lon. 8° 12' E. Lat. 50° 12' N. Pop.
2,000.
i/;small isl. France, with a strong castle. 3 m.
8. S. W. Marseilles.
Igd, or Jligle, v. Prussian province of the Low-
er Rhine, at the confluence of the Moselle and
iBarre, 6 m. S. W. Treves.
Igg, t. Lower Carinthia, on the river Igg, 6 ra.
S. by W. Laybach.
Igiguinsk, or Igunskoi, small circle of A. Russia,
in Irkutsk, on a gulf of the same name, connected
with the sea of Ochotsk.
Igla, or Iglawa, small r. Moravia, which falls
into the Theya, near Unterwisternitz.
Iglau, t. Moravia, near the river Igla, and cap.
of the circle of Iglau. Here are extensive man-
ufactures of woollens. The trade in corn, hops,
and hemp, is also considerable. 62 m. S. E. Prague,
122 S. E. Dresden. Lon. 15° 36' E. Lat. 49° 23'
N. Pop. i 1,000.
Iglesias, t. Sardinia, on a small bay, 34 m. W.
Cagliari. Lon. 9° E. Lat. 39° 15' N. Pop. 6,000.
Iglo, or Neudorf, t. Hungary, in Zips, on the
Hernalt, 6 m. S. Leutschau. Lon. 20° 34' 45" E.
Lat. 48° 56' 30 " N. Pop. 5,300.
Ignace, Point, cape, on the N. side of the strait
I L L
335^
between lake Huron and lake Michigan, about 8
m. W. of Mackinaw.
Igrande, t. France, in Allier, 6 m. S. W. Bour-
bon I'Archambaut. Pop. 1,700.
Iguala, t. Mexico, 105 m. S. E. Mexico.
Igualada, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Noya,
26 m. E. by S. Cervera, 34 W. N. W. Barcelona.
Igualapa, t. Mexico, 170 m. S. S. E. Mexico.
Lon. 98° 40' W. Lat. 16° 39' 30" N.
Iguatimy, r. Brazil, which falls into the Parana
a little above the falls, in lat. 23° 47' S.
Iguatu, r. Brazil, in Matto Grosso, which falls
into the Paraguay after it passes through lake
Xarayes.
Iguereula, t. Spain, in Murcia, 69 m. N. Mur-
cia. Lat. 38° 45' N. Lon.l0 7'W. Pop. 2,100.
Ihna, Great, r. Prussia, which forms the boun-
dary between the New Mark of Brandenburg
and Pomerania, passes by Stargard, and falls into
the Frische Haf, 9 m. below Damme.
Ikeby, t. India, in xMysore. Lon. 76° 7' E. Lat,
14° 6' N.
Ila. See May.
Ilamba, province of Angola, in Africa.
Hans, or Ilantz, t. Swiss canton of the Grisons^
at the influx of the Glenner into the Rhine, 40 m.
S. E. Lucerne. Lon. 9° 10' E. Lat. 46° 45' N.
Ilchester, or Ivelchesier, borough, Eng. in Somer-
set CO. on the S. bank of the Yeo, or Ivel. It re-
turns 2 members to parliament. It is celebrated
as the birth-place of Roger Bacon. Pop. in 1811,
610. 122 or 124 m. W. S. W. London, 43 N. N.
E. Exeter. Lon. 2° 41° W. Lat. 51° N,
Ildinskoi, Cape, on the E. coast of A. Russia.
Lon. 164° 14' E. Lat. 59° 15' N.
He, L\ t. France, on the Tame, 6 m. S. W
Gaillac. Pop. 5,400.
He, U, small r. France, falls into the Dordognc
near Libourne.
lie Adam, U , t. France, on the Oise, 8 m. N„
Versailles.
lie Bar1)e, Z.', small isl. France, in Saone, 3 m^
N. Lyons.
He de Sains, small isl. France, S. W. of Brest.
He Dieu, L\ t. France, on an island of thesame
name, 19 m. S. Noirmoutier. Lon. 2° 19' 35'' W.
Lat. 46° 42' 26" N. Pop. 2,000.
He Jourdain, U, t. France, on the Save, 7 ra.
E. Auch. Lon. 1° 3' E. Lat. 43° 40' N. Pop.
4,100.
Ilefeld, t. Hanover, in Gottingen. Its high
school is one of the most noted schools in the north
of Germany. 6 m. N. Nordhausen.
He's mills, p-v. Bath co. Ken.
Ilford, Great, v. Eng. in Essex, 6| m. N. E. Lon-
don. Pop. 2,462.
Ilfracombe, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth
of the Bristol channel. Its harbor is the safest
and most commodious on this coast. It carries on
a considerable trade, chiefly in ore, com, &c. from
Cornwall and Devonshire to Bristol. 10 m. N,
Barnstaple, 206 W. S. VV. London. Lon. 4° 6' W.
Lat. 51° 13' N. Pop. 1,934.
Ilhavo, t. Portugal, in Beira, 28 m. N. N. W.
Coimbra. Pop. 4,200.
Ilheos, s-p. Brazil, and cap. of the province oi
Ilheos, at the mouth of Ilheos river, 93 m. N. Porto
Seguro. Lon. 39° 42' N. Lat. 14° 34' S.
Ilim, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Anguri.
Lon. 102° 2' E. Lat. 57° 25' N.
Ilinski, t. A. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena.
56 m. N. E. Kirensk.
Ill, or Ell, r. France, which falls into the Rhittf-
336
I L L
near Strasburg. It is navigable for small vesoeis
from Colmar.
Ilk, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 10 m. W.
Perpignan. Pop. 2,000.
llle, small r. France, which falls into the Dor-
dogne, near Libourne.
llle, small r. France, which joins the Vilaine,
near Rennes : the two give name to the following
department.
Ille and Vilaine, department, in the N. W. of
France, bordering on the English channel. Ex-
tent, 2,750 square miles. Pop. 508,000. Rennes
is the capital.
Iller, r. Germany, which rises in the mountains
of the Tyrol, and falls into the Danube, near
Ulm.
Illertissen, t. Bavaria, on the Iller, 12 m. S. Ulm.
Pop. 1,100.
Jllesca^, t. Spain, 20 m. S. S. W, iVIadrid, 17 N.
N. E. Toledo. Pop. 5,700.
Illiers, t. France, on the Loir, 20 m. S. W.
Chartres. Pop. 2,700.
Illinois, r. is formed by the union of the Kan-
kakee apd the Desplanes, in the N. W. part of In-
diana, and traversing the State of Illinois in a S.
W. direction nearly 400 miles, joins the Missis-
sippi, in lat. 32° 18' N. 18 m. above the mouth of
the Missouri, 1,168 above New Orleans, 1,400 fr.
Buffalo, N. Y. on lake Erie. The river is 400
yards wide at its mouth. It has a gentle current,
unbroken by rapids, and is navigable for boats
throughout its course. The Desplanes, one of its
branches, interlocks with the Chicago, a river
of lake Michigan, and a canal is in contemplation
to open a navigation between them.
Illinois, one of the U. S. bounded N. by the N.
W- territory; E. by Indiana; S. by Kentucky;
and W. by Missouri. It extends from 87° 17' to
9F 50' W. Ion. and from lat. 37° to 42° 30' N.
Extent, about 50,000 sq. miles, or 32,000,000
acres. Pop. in 1810, 12,282; in 1818, 35,220;
and in 1820, 50,395. The state is bordered on
three sides by the great rivers Wabash, Ohio, and
Mississippi; its N. E. corner touches upon lake
Michigan, and it is intersected by the Illinois and
Kaskaskia, which run from N. E. to S. W. into
the Mississippi. The settlements at present are
principally confined to the banks of the Missis-
sippi, the Kaskaskia and its branches, and there
are a few on the Wabash and the Ohio. The
northern and central parts of the state have been
very imperfectly explored. In 1817, there were
in Illinois upwards of 16,000,000 acres of land be-
longing to the United States, obtained by pur-
chase from the Indians. The portion of these
lands lying between the Illinois and the Missis-
sippi, has been assigned by Congress as bounty
lands to the soldiers who enlisted during the late
war. The whole amount surveyed is about
5,530,000 acres, equal to 8,640 sq. miles, and is
divided into 240 townships. This land is repre-
sented to be of an excellent quality.
The greater part of the state is either flat or
rolling. Extensive prairies constitute two-thirds
of its surface. The soil may be divided into
six classes, 1. Bottoms, bearing a heavy growth
of timber. This land is of the first quality, and is
found on all the principal rivers. It varies in
width from 50 rods to 2 miles, and is of inexhaust-
ible fertility. 2. Newly formed land found at the
mouths of rivers. There are many thousand
acres oi this land at the mouth oi the Wabash,
I L L
and at the confluence of the Ohio with the .Mu'
sissippi. It is annually inundated, and is very
unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approaching the
rivers and bordering on the bottom land, but
elevated from 30 to 100 feet. The prairies of the
Illinois river are the most extensive of any east of
the Mississippi, and have alone been estimated at
1,200,000 acres. This soil is not inferior to the
first rate river bottoms. 4. Wet prairie, found re-
mote from river?, or at their sources. The soil is
generally cold and barren, abounding with swamps
and ponds, and covered with a tall coarse grass.
5. Timbered land, moderately hilly, well water-
ed, and of a rich soil. 6. Hilk, of a sterile soil,
and destitute of timber, or covered with stinted
oaks and pines. — Corn is at present the staple pro-
duction. Wheat does well, except on the bot-
toms, where the soil is too rich. Tobacco grows
to great perfection. Flax, hemp, oats, Irish and
sweet potatoes, do as well as in Kentucky. Among
the minerals are iron, coal, and copper. Salt
springs also are numerous.
Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818.
At the time of its admission, the government of
the U. S. granted to the State on certain condi-
tions, one section or thirty-sixth part of every
township for the support of schools ; and three per
cent, of the net proceeds of the U. S. lands, lying
within the State, for the encouragement of learn-
ing, of which one-sixth part must be exclusively
bestowed on a college or university. As a farther
provision for the university, two entire townships
have been given to the legislature. Two per cent,
of the proceeds of the U. S. lands are also to be
expended under the direction of Congress, in
making roads leading to the State. As the condi-
tion of these grants, the convention which formed
the constitution of the State, provided by an ordi-
nance, which is irrevocable without the consent
of the U. S. that all lands sold by the U. S. shall
be exempt from taxation for five years from the
day of sale ; also, that the bounty lands granted
for military services, during the late war, shall, if
they continue to be held by the patentees, or their
heirs, remain exempt from taxes for three years
from the date of the patents ; and that the lands
belonging to the citizens of the U. S. residing
without the State, shall never be taxed higher
than lands belonging to persons residing therein.
The constitution provides that no more slaves shall
be introduced into the State. The seat of govern-
ment, for the present, is at Kaskaskia.
A canal has been projected to unite tlie head
waters of the Illinois with lake Michigan. The
Illinois, and the Chicago, a southern river of lake
Michigan, are so connected, that in freshets boats
pass readily from one to the other. See Desplanes.
For the improvement of this navigation, the gov-
ernment of the U. S. have appropriated 100,000
acres of land. This canal will open, probably at
less expense than any other, a communication be-
tween the great lakes and the Mississippi ; but as
vessels, in reaching it, must pass through the straits
of Michilimackinac, it is probable that some other
canal, connecting lake Erie more directly with the
Mississippi, will be first completed.
Illinois lake. See Pioria.
Illogav, parish, Eng. in Cornwall, 3 m. N. W.
Redruth.' Pop. 1,248.
Illok, t. Austrian empire, on the Danube, 60 m
W. N. W. Belgrark. Lon. 18° 8' E. Lat. 45'
23' N.
i iVI o
tilyria, country, in the S. of Europe, bordering
on the Adriatic, the extent of which has varied
very considerably in different ages. Since 1816,
the name, Kingdomof Illi/ria, has been applied to
a new division of the Austrian empire, composed
of the former territories of Carinthia, Carniola,
the vicinity of Trieste, Austrian Friule, the can-
ton of Cividal, Venetian Istria, a part of Croatia,
and several islands in the gulf of Quarnero. It
lies between 13° 14' and 16° E. Ion. and 44° 30'
and 46° 25' N. lat. and is divided into the two
governments of Laybach and Trieste, the former
inland, the latter maritime. The g^overnment of
Trieste is subdivided into the circles of Trieste,
Karlstadt, Goritz, and Fiume; the government
of Laybach into the circles of Laybach, Neustadt,
Adelsberg-, Klagenfurt, and Villach, Extent,
13,508 sq. miles. Pop. 1,060,492. See CarMhia
and Car/iiola.
Illyrimm, in Sac. Geog. See Sclavonin.
Ilm, small r. Saxony, which falls into the Saale
at Subza, 7 m. above Naumberg.
Ilm, t. Germany, 14 m. W. Rudalstadt, 17 S. E.
Erfurt. Pop. 1,500.
lime, r. Hanover, which falls into the Leine, 4
m. S. E. Eimbeck.
Ilmen, called by the Russians Osero-Ilineri, lake,
Russia, in Novgorod, about 48 miles long, and
from 12 to 18 wide. It communicates with lake
La»oda.
llmenau, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, on the
lime, 10 m. E. Schmalcalden. Pop. 2,000.
Ilmtnau, or yjue, r. Hanover, which fiUls into
the Elbe, 12 m. -6. E. Hamburgh.
Ilminster, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the He, 32
m. N. N. E. Exeter, 12 S. E. Taunton, 135 W. S.
W. London, Lon. 2'^ 54' W. Lat. 50^ 56' N.
Pop. 2,160.
Ibnsladt, t. Germany, in Thuringia, 11 m. W.
Rudolstadt, 8 E. S. E. Arnstadt.
Ilo, port of Peru, in lat. 17° 35' S.
Ilovla, r. Russia, which falls into the Don, at fort
Donskaia in the Cossack country.
IlsenM'.rg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the lis, 4 nt.
W. VVernigerode.
list, or Ylsf, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, 14 m.
S. W. Leeuwarden, 58 N. E. Amsterdam. Lon.
5° 35' E. Lat. 53° 3' N.
Ilsstadt, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Danube and the lis, opposite Passau. Lon. 13° 29'
45" E. Lat. 48° 35' N.
hnbros, isl. of the Archipelago, about 20 miles
in circumference. Lon. 25° 46' E. Lat. 40° 10' N.
It has 6 villages, and about 10,000 inhabitants.
Imbst, or Uimst, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol,
near the Inn, 9 m. S. S. E. lleutten. Lon. 10° 43'
E. Lat. 47° 14' N. Pop. 2,200.
Imirelta, country, Asia, north of Persia. It
stretches along the southern limit of Caucasus, hav-
ing the Black sea on the W. and Georgia on the
E. and lies between 43 - and 44° N. lat. In 1784,
it acknowledged the supremacy of Russia ; but
the internal government is in a great measure in-
dependent. The capital is Cotatis, on the Phasis.
Immenhausen, t. Germany, in the electorate
of Hesse, 7 m. N. Cassel. Pop. 1,250.
Immenstadl, t. Bavaria. 13 m. S. by W. Kemp-
ten.
Imola, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, on a
small island formed by the Santerno. It is sur-
rounded with walls, towers, and ditches, and de-
fended by a strong castle. It is the see of a bishop.
In Februarv, 1797. an action was fought in this
43
I N D
337
neighbourhood between the Austrians and the
French, in which the former were defeated. 18 m.
S. E. Bologna, 40 N. N. £. Florence. Lon. 11° 32'
E. Lat. 44° 22' I^. Pop. 8,400.
Imperial, city. Chili, on the river Catuen, 4 m.
from the Pacific ocean, 112 m. S. La Conception.
Lat. 38° 42' S.
Imst. See Imbst.
Imuncina, r. Paraguay, which enters the Para-
na in lat. 12° 40' S.
Inacondo, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
34' E. Lat. 16° 1' N.
Ince, t. Eng. in Lancashire, li m. E. Wigan.
Pop. 1,065.
Incenada de Barragan, t. S . America, on the
Barragan, at its union with the Plata, 21 ra. W.
Buenos Ay res.
Lich, isl. Ireland, 6 m. N. W. Londonderry.
Ificli, or Insch, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire,
26 m. fr. Aberdeen.
Inch-Colm, or Columba, (an. Amonia,') small
isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth. On it are the
remains of a celebrated abbey. It is now fortifi-
ed. 2 m. fr. Aberdour. Lon. 3° 18' W. Lat, 56°
3' N.
Inch-Garvie, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Forth, opposite Queensferry.
Inch-Keith, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Forth. Lon. 3° 9' W. Lat. 56° 3' N.
Inch-Marnoch, isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Clyde, a few miles S. W. of Bute.
Inch-Point, cape, Ireland, in Kerry, 13 m. E.
Dingle.
Inchture, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 13 m. fr.
Dundee.
Inchyra, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the river
Tay, 8 m. below Perth.
Incisa, t. Piedmont, 8 m. N. Acqui, 14 S. E. Asti.
Incisa^ t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 13 m. S. E.
Florence.
Indal, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf of
Bothnia at Sundswal.
Indal, t. Sweden, in Medelpad, 16 m. W. N. W.
Sundswal.
Independence, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 1,224,
Independence, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio.
Independence, t. and cap. Bond co. Illinois, on
Kaskaskia river.
Inderabia, small, isl. near the mouth of the Per-
sian gulf. Lat. 26° 40' N.
India, or East Indies, the name given to the re-
gion of Asia, lying S. of Tartary, and between Per-
sia and China, with the islands dependent thereon.
Besides Hindostan, it contains the Birman empire,
the kingdoms of Siam, Cochin China, Tunquin,
Tibet, Japan, Ceylon, and a number of small prin-
cipalities.
Indiana, co. in the W. part of Pa. Pop. 6,214.
Indiana, p-t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa, 26 m. S.
E. Kittaning. Pop. 200.
Indiana, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 692.
Indiana, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Michi-
gan Territory ; E. by Ohio ; S. by Kentucky ; and
W. by Illinois. It lies between lat. 37° 45' and
41° 50' N. and between lon. 84° 42' and 87° 49'
W. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 287 miles,
and its breadth is 155. Extent, 38,000 sq. miles.
Pop. in 1800,2,500; in 1810, 24,520; in 1815,
68,784, exclusive of Indians. The Ohio forms the
southern boundary of the State. Lake Michigan
touches it upon the north. The northern part of
the State is watered by the Illinois, and the rivers
which floAv into lake Michigan : Imt the Wfeltas'li
338
1 N D
is the great river of Indiana ; it receives the wa-
ters from two-thirds of its surface. White river,
the principal tributary of the Wabash, is formed
by two branches, which spread out widely through
the whole southern half of the State. White wa-
ter river in the S. E. is a tributary of the Miami. —
The white population in 1815 was confined to the
southern part of the State, and almost entirely to
the counties bordering directly on the Wabash,
the Ohio, and the White water, The northern
half is occupied by Indians, and has been very im-
perfectly explored. A ridge of hills commences
near the mouth of the Wabash, and runs in a N.
E. direction nearly parallel with the Ohio, at no
great distance, producing a broken and uneven
country. North of these hills lie the flat woods,
70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal
streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bot-
tom and prairie land, of a rich soil, usually from 3
to 6 miles in width. The prairies on the Wabash
are the finest land in the State. Remote from the
rivers the country is broken, and the soil light.
Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the land
is mostly level, and interspersed with woodlands,
prairies, lakes and swamps.
The principal productions are wheat, Indian
corn, oats, rye, flax, hemp, potatoes, and tobacco.
In the vicinity of Vevay, the vine is cultivated
with success. On the banks of the Wabash, in
the upper part of its course, the best kind of coal
id found in inexhaustible quantities ; and near the
sources of several of the navigable rivers, there
are salt springs, from which salt in abundance
may be procured. Near Corydon is a large cave,
abounding witli Epsom salts and salt petre.
A majority of the people of Indiana are from
Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and the Caroli-
nas ; the remainder are from every other Slate in
the Union ; and from almost every nation in Eu-
rope. The Indian title to large portions of fine
land has been recently purchased by the U. S.
and the number of immigrants is, in consequence,
rapidly increasing. Indiana was admitted into
the Union in 1816. In the act of admission. Con-
gress granted one section, or one-thirty-sixth j trt
of each township, for the support of schools. One
entire township, or 23,040 acres, said to be worth
on an average, 10 dollars an acre, was also given
for the support of a college. The college is loca-
ted at'Vincennes, and a large brick building is al-
ready erected. The State is highly favored in
regard to inland navigation. The Wabash is
boatable to its source, and this is within a few
miles of the boatable waters of the Manmce, which
falls into lake Erie. A canal might easily be
made to connect them, and Congress have already
assigned 100,000 acres of land for defraying the
. expense of this project. Corydon is the seat of
government. Vincennos is the largest town.
Indian creek., r. Ohio, which runs into the Mi-
ami from the west, in Butler county.
Indian n-eek, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Ohio 8 m. below the mouth of Kentucky river.
Indian Head, cape on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 123^^ 56' E. Lat. 25^ 3' S.
Indian Island, isl. of Dusky baj', New Zealand,
4 m. N. Pickersgil harbour.
Indian old town, isl. and t. Penobscot co. Maine,
in PcnobEcot river, just above the Great Falls.
Here arc about 100 families of Indians, the re-
mains of the Penobscot tribe, with a Roman Cath-
olic church and priest.
Indian Reservation, See Ohio.
1 N G
Indian river^ small arm of the sea, Washington
ct'. Maine, setting up between Addison and Jones-
borougli.
Indian river, N. H. one of the sources of Con-
necticut river. It unites with Leach river in lat,
45° N. after a course of about 30 miles.
Indian riser, N. Y. which rises in Lewis co.
and after a course of 100 mdes, joins the Oswe-
gatchie 7 m. above its entrance into the river St
Lawrence.
Indian river, r. Sussex co. Del. Its mouth is in
lat. 38° 10' N. Hi m. S. Cape Ilenlopen.
Indian river, hundred, Sussex co. Del.
Indian river, r. on the E. coast of Florida. It rise?
near the coast, and flowing S. enters the sea in Ion.
80° 40' W. lit. 27° 30' N.
Indians, a name given to the Aborigines of
America. They are divided into numerous inde-
pendent tribes, strongly resembling each other in
manners and customs. They subsist by hunting
and fishing. See the ^'^ppendix.
Indian Sound, bay on tlie S. coast of Patagonia^
communicating with the Straits of Magellan.
Indian town, v. Dorchester co. Md. on the S.
side of the Choptank, 3 m. S. W. New Market.
Indian town, p-v. Currituck co. N. C. 31 m. fr.
Norfolk Va. 59 E. N. E. Edenton.
Indian town, p-v. Williamsburg co. S. C.
Indian Wheeling, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio opposite Wheeling, Va.
Indies, East. See India.
Indies, West. See West Indies.
Indigirka, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Fro-
zen ocean, in lon. 144" E. lat. 73° N.
Indore, city, Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 76° 10'
E. Lat. 22° 51' N.
Indus, River, also called the Kilab and Sinde,
great river, Asia, which rises in the Himaleh
mountains, and after a course of 1,350 miles, falls
into the Indian sea, by many mouths, between lat-
23° 20' and 24° 40' N.
Indighur, district, Hind, in Malwah.
/«c?ra/>oii!r, district of the islam! of Sumatra, be-
tween 2° and 3° S. lat.
Indre, r. France, which falls into the Loire be-
tween Saumur and Tours.
Indre, department, France, bounded by the de-
partments of the Loir-and-Cher, Creuse, Upper
Vienne, Vienne, and liidre-and-Loire. Extent,
2,860 square miles. Pop. 205,000.
Indit-and-Loirp, department, France, bounded
by the departments of the Loir-and-Cher, the In-
dre, the Vienne, and the Maine. Tours is the
capital. Pop. 275,000.
Industry, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 13 m. W^.
Norridgewock. Pop. 562.
Ineh-holhi. See Aine-holi.
Infantes, Villa Kuexa de los, t. Spain, in Nev.
Co stile, 20 m. W. Alcaraz. Pop. 6,000.
Infeclionado, v. Brazil, in Rio Grande, about 40
ra. from Villa Rica. Pop. 1,500.
Infreschi, Cape, in the bay of Naples. Lon. 15^
28° E. Lat. 39° 59' N.
Ingarmss Bay, on the N. E. coast of the island of
Pomona, Scotland. Lon. 2° 44' W. Lat. 58° 51' N.
Ingamachoix Bay, bay on the Yi. coast of New-
ibundland, 5 m. S. Point Rich.
Ingatestone, t. Eng. in Essex, 23 m. N. E. Lon-
don.
Ingelfingen, t. Wirtembui^, on the Kocher, 43
m. N. N. E. Stutgard.
Ingelheim, Ober, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the
Selz. 9 m. E. Bingen.
I N I
I N V
338
Ingelmunster, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders,
on the Mandelbeeke, 6 m. N. Courtray. Pop.
4,900.
Ingeram, t. India, in the northern circars. Lon.
32'3p>3'E. Lat. 16° 46' N.
Ingeram, small isl. in the straits of Malacca.
Lon. 1010 26'E. J.at. 3° 1;V N.
Ingershtim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 3 m. W.
Colmar.
JngersoWs store, p-v. Seneca co. N. Y.
Ingkmare, or Cape IVyck, cape on the N. coast
of France, VV. of Cape Barlleur.
IngksviUe, p-v. Montgomery co. Va.
Ingleton, v, Eng. in Yorkshire, 18 m. N. E. Lan-
caster. Pop. 1,268.
Inglis Islatid, long isl. on the N. coast of New
Holland, near the entrance into the gulf of Car-
pentaria.
Ingoda, r. A. Russia, which runs into the Amul,
28 m. \V. Nertschinsk.
Ingolstudt, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, one of
the strongest places in Germany. A university
was founded here in 1472, and continued till 1800,
when it was transferred to Landshut. 35 m. S. W.
Ratisbon, 43 N.Munich. Lon, 11° 2&' E. Lat.
48° 45' N. Pop. 4,817.
Ins;ouvillc, t. France, in Lower Seine, 2 m. N.
Havre. Pop. 4,200.
Ingrahani's isles, islands in the Pacific, about 40
leagues N. N. W. Marquesas Islands. Lon. 140^^
19' to 141° 18' W. Lat. Lat. 8° 3' to 9° 24' S.
Ingraham^s port, harbour, in Washington island,
on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 183° 18' W.
Lat. 53° 37' N.
Ingrande, t. France, on the Loire, 15 m. W. S.
W. Angers. Pop. 1,600,
Ingre, t. France, in Loire, 3 m. N. W. Orleans.
Pop. 2,900.
Ingrou-itz, t. Moravia, 30 m. W. N. W. Brunn.
Pop. 1,050.
Jngweiler, t. France, 21 m. N. N. W. Strasburg.
Pop. l,5tX>.
Inhambane, country of E. Africa, S. of Sabia
and Sofala. The Portuguese keep a fort here.
Lat. 2301 5' S.
Inia, r. Siberia, which falls into the Lena. Lat.
55° 20' N.
Injambi. See Tiete.
Injdlee. See Hijellce.
Iniesta, t. Spain, in New Castile, 51 m. S. by E,
Cuenca, 73 W. Valencia.
Inirita, r. New Grenada, which falls into the
Guaviari. Lon. 68° 20' W. Lat. 4° N.
Inisbeg, two islands, Ireland, one in lon. 8° 23'
W. Lat. 55° 12' N. ; the other in lon. 10° 22' W.
iat. 52° T N.
Inis Boffin, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 2' \V. Lat. 55° 10' N.
Inisdrisra, isl. Ireland, in Roaring-water bay.
Lon. 9° 23' W. Lat. 51° 27' N.
Inisfre, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland, Lat.
54° 57' N.
Inisglora, isl. Ireland. Lon. 9° 57' W. Lat. 54°
13' N.
Inisgoula, isl. Ireland. Lon, 9° 30' W. Lat. 53°
53' N.'
Inishae, isl, Ireland. Lon. 8° T W. Lat. 53°
29' N.
Inishark, isl. Ireland. Lon. 10° 14' W. Lat. 53°
34' N.
Inisham, isl, Ireland. Lon. 9° 46' W, Lat. 53°
57' N.
Iniihegil, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland, be-
tween the island of Achil and the continent. Lat,
54° N.
Inisherkan, isl. Ireland. Lon. 9° 19' W, Lat. 51"^'
24' N.
Inishmcen Head, cape on the N. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 6° 49' W. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Inishurin, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 9° 59' W. lat. 53° 36' N.
Iniskea, .N'orlh and South, two islands near the
W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 10^ \V. Lat. 54° 9' N.
Iniskeel, isl. Ireland, at tlie mouth of Guibarra
river. Lon. 8° 20' W . Lat, 54=^ 51' N.
Inistioghe, t. Ireland, on the Nore, 13 m, S. W.
Kilkenny.
Inkermann, t. Eu, Russia, on the S. W. coast of
the Crimea, near tlie ruins of the ancient Eupato-
ria.
J an, r. Germany, which rises in the Swiss can-
ton of the Grisons, and after a N. E. course of
more than 250 miles, joins the Danube, at Passau-
Innerkip, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, on the
frith of Clyde, 6 m. W. Greenock.
Innerleithen, v. Scotland, on the N. bank of the
Tweed, 5 m. E, Peebles,
Innerste, r, Hanover, which joins the Leine at
Sarstede.
Inniskerri/, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 27' W. Lat. 52° 47' N.
Innspruck, or Inspnick, capital of the Tyrol, at
the confluence of the Sill and the Inn, with a
beautiful bridge over the latter river. It has long
been the seat of the high courts of justice; also
the place of meeting for the provincial deputies or
states. A university was tbunded here in 1672,
but afterwards suppressed ; and its place is now
supplied by a lyceum or academy, a medical
school, and another establishment called the gen-
eral seminary for Tyrol. 62 m. S. Munich, 84
W. S, W. Salzburg, Lon. 1 1° 23' E. Lat. 47° 15'
,N. Pop. 10,240.
Innthal, See Innspruck.
Innthal. See Engadine.
Innviertel, (i. e, the Quarter of the Inn,) a large
district. Lower Austria, consisting of the territory
lying between the Danube, the Inn, and the Sal-
za. The chiel towns are Braunau and Scharding.
Innycotta, t. Hind, in Berar, on Wurda river.
Lon. 79° 10' E. Lat, 20° 35' N,
Innoioracklav; t. Prussian Poland, in Bromberg,
106 m. S. Dantzic, Lon, 18° 35' E. Lat. 52° 35'
N. Pop. 2,700.
hisain. t.Eii. Russia, in Penza, at the confluence
of the Istra and the Insarra, 278 m. E. S. E. Mos-
cow. Lon. 44° 20' 15' E. Lat. 53° 40' N. Pop. 3,000.
Insterbitrg, t. E. Prussia, in Gumbinnen, on the
Angerap, 50 m. E. Konigsbcrg, Lon. 21° 48' 40"
E. Lat. 54° 37' 40" N, Pop. .5,300.
Interior parish, p-v. Lafourche co. Louisiana.
Interlachen, v. Switzerland, 32 m. S. E. Bern.
Intra, t, Italy, in Piedmont, on the Lago Mag-
giore, 30 m, N, Novara, Pop. 4,500.
Inter, or bnar, v. Scotland, in Perth, at the
confluence of the Bran with the Tay,
Inveraray, royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
the county of Artryll, on a small bay, 8 miles from
the head of Loch Fyne, where Ihe river Aray falls
into it. The chief support of the place is tlie her-
ring fishery, which is carried on to the extent of
40,000/. per annum. Pop, in 1811, 1,134, Lon.
5° W. Lat, 56° 28' N.
Inverbercie. See Bervie.
Invergordon, v, Scotland, in Ross, on the frith of
Cromarty, opposite the town of Cromarty.
340
I O N
1 F S
Invergowrie, v. Scotland, on the banks ol the
Tay, 2 m. W. Dundee.
Inverkeilhing, royal burgh and s-p. Scotland, in
Fife CO. on the N. coast of the frith of Forth. Be-
fore tlie entrance of the harbour is the bay of In-
vcrkeithing, afibrding safe anchorage to vessels of
any burden in all winds. The exportation of coal
is the chief employment of the vessels, 25,000
tons being shipped annually. 13 m. N. W. Edin-
burgh. Pop. 1,500.
Inverness-shire, one of the largest counties in
Scotland, bounded N. by Ross-siiire, and part of
the Moray frith, E. by the counties of Nairn, Mo-
iray, and Aberdeen, S. by Perth and Argyll, and
W. by the Atlantic ocean. Several of the He-
brides also are attached to the county. These
are Han-is, North and South Uist, Benbecula,
Sky, Barra, Eigg, and some smaller islets. The
surface of this county is extremely rugged and
uneven, consisting of vast ranges of mountains,
separated from each other by narrow and deep
Tallies. It abounds with oak and fir timber. Pop.
in 1811, 78,336.
Inverness, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
Inverness co. is on both sides of the river Ness, at
its entrance into the Moray frith. Within the last
40 years, this town has been rapidly improving.
From its geographical position, it is well calcula-
ted to be the emporium for all the northern coun-
ties. In 1791, the population was 5,107 ; in 1801,
8,742; in 1811, 11,383 ; and in 1819, it may be
estimated at 14,000. The principal manufactures
are of hemp and flax. The harbour is safe and
commodious, allowing vessels of 500 tons to unload
at the quay, and vessels of any size can safely ride
in the frith, within a mile of the town, idh m.
S. S. W. Cromarty, 38 W. Elgin, 118 W. N.'W.
Aberdeen, 156 N. N. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4° 5'
W. Lat. 57° 30' 5" N.
Inverness^ t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 4Q
m. S. Quebec.
Inverness, Xe 4-. See Darien, Geo.
Inversnaid, fort, Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 18
m. N. Dumblane.
Inverugie, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on the
Ugie, where that river falls into the ocean.
Inverury, an ancient royal burgh, in Aberdeen
CO. on the point of land formed by the confluence
of the Don and Ury. 16 m. N. W. Aberdeen, 20
S. E. Huntly.
Investigator'' s Group, small islands on the S.
coast of New Holland, comprising Waldegrave's,
Top-Gallant, Pearson's, Ward's, and Flinder's
islands.
Investigator'' s Strait, the strait between Kanga-
roo's island and the S. coast of New Holland.
lona, Icolmkill, or I-columb-ki II, one of the west-
ern islands of Scotland, in the Atlantic ocean, sep-
arated from the Western point of Mull by a nar-
row channel, called the Sound of /. It is called by
Bede, in his history, Hii ; but the proper name is
/, sounded like ee in English. The island is about
2i miles long, and 1 broad. It is chiefly interes-
ting for the ruins of its ancient establishments, er-
ected when it was the retreat of learning, while
western Europe lay buried in ignorance and bar-
barity. The religious edifices, of which the ruins
now only remain, were established about the year
565, by St. Columba, who left Ireland, his native
country, and established himself in this island, to
preach Christianity to the Picts. After Christian-
ity was thus diffused throughout the northern parts
of Scotland, this island became a seat of learning
and of piety. In time, it rose to be the head of the
Christian church in Scotland, whither the young
princes of Scotland and Northumberland were
sent for instruction. The island is 36 miles dis-
tant from the mainland. Pop. in 1782, 277 ; in
1791, 323; and in 1808, 386.
Ionian Islands, sometimes called the Republic of
the Seeen Islands, a small and recently constituted
republic in the S. E. of Europe, consisting of 7
principal islands, and a number of islets, extend-
ing along the S. W. coast of Greece, from 36° to
40° N. lat. and from 19° 30' to 2.3° 10' E. Ion,
The seven principal islands are Corfu, Cephalo-
nia, Zante, Santa Maura, Ithaca, or Thiaki, Ce-
rigo, and Paxo. Extent, about 1,500 sq. miles.
Pop. by a return made in 1807, 206,000. — The
soil in the plains and vallies is very fertile. The
productions are corn, vines, olives, currants, cot-
ton, honey, wax, &c. Vines and olives form the
chief source of income to the inhabitants. The
imports are salt fish, sugar, and drugs ; also a lim-
ited quantity of woollen, linen, and hardware. In
the arrangements made at tlie congress of Vienna
in 1815, it was agreed that the Ionian republic
should be put under the protection of Great Brit-
ain. A constitution for this small state was soort
after drawn up and ratified by the British govern-
ment in July 1817. It vested the legislative pow-
er in a senate of 29 representatives.
Iowa, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into
the Mississippi, in lat. 41° 5' N.
Iphofen, t. Frauconia, 15 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Ipoly, r. Hungary, which runs into the Danube
near Gran.
Ips, t. Lower Austria, near the confluence of
the Ips and Danube, 48 m. W. Vienna. Pop. 900.
Ipsala, Cijpsala, or Skipsilar, t. Eu. Turkey, on
the Marizza, 20 m. from its mouth. It is the see
of a Greek archbishop. 43 m. S. Adrianople, 130
W. Constantinople.
Ipsara, or Ipseru, (an. Psyra,) isl. of the Ar-
chipelago, 12 m. N. W. Scio. Lon. 25° 36' 30"
E. Lat. 38° 30' N. Pop. about 16,000. It has
one small village, with a good port, and owns 100
sail of large ships and polacres, and from 300 to
500 small craft. This island is tolerably produc-
tive in wine and fruit, but the inhabitants depend
on their commerce for subsistence.
Ipswich, t. Eng. and cap. of Suffolk co. on the
N. bank of the Orwell. It is favourably situated
for commerce. Vessels of any burden may navi-
gate the Orwell to within 3 miles of the town, and
vessels of nearly 200 tons to the town itself. The
trade of the town is considerable, chiefly in the
exportation of corn, great quantities of wheat and
other grain being annually shipped for the Lon-
don market. Malting is also carried on to some
extent. Ipswich sends 2 members to parliament.
Pop. 13,670. 18 m. N. E. Colchester, 12 N. W.
Harwich, 69 N. E. London. Lon. 1° 9' E. Lat.
52° 3' N.
Ipswich, r. Mass. which runs into the ocean at
Ipswich, opposite the S. end of Plum island.
Ipswich, the Agaicam of the Indians, p-t and
port of entry, Essex co. Mass. on Ipswich river,
12 m. S. Newburyport, 12 N. E. Salem, 27 N. E.
Boston. Lat. 42043' N. Pop. 3,568. It contains
a handsome court-house, a massy stone jail, and
5 houses for public worship, 4 for Congregation-
alists, and 1 for Baptists. There is an excellent
stone bridge across Ipswich river, with 2 arches.
The supreme judicial court, and the court of
I R E
I R K
341
common pleas are occasionally held in this town.
The amount of shipping in 1815, was 1,776 tons.
Iqueique, isl. near the coast of Peru. Lat.20°
-20' S.
Jquiari, r. Portuguese Guiana, which enters the
fiver Negro on the W. side, in lat. 0° 24' N.
Ira, p-t. Rutland CO. Vt.32 m. W. N. W, Wind-
sor. Pop. 519.
Iracoubo, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan-
tic. Lon. 54° 27' W. Lat. 5° 35' N.
Irancy, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. S. E. Aux-
erre.
Irak, province, Persia, the most extensive and
important of that empire. It is bounded S. by
Fars and Khuzistan, E. by.Khorassan and the
Great Salt desert, W. by Kurdistan, and N. by
Azerbijan, Ghilan, and Mazanderan.
Irak Arabi, a name often applied to the pachalic
of Bagdad. See Bagdad.
Irasburg, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 40 ni. N. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 393.
Irati, V. Spain, among the Pyrenees, E. of Ron-
cesvalles. Here is a permanent depot of ship
timber, for account of the Spanish government.
Irbersdorf. See Ehrenfriedrichsdorf.
Irbitskaia, t. Russia, in Perm, on the river Irbit.
Pop. 3,400. It is an entrepot for Siberian furs, and
other Asiatic merchandize passing into Europe.
Near it is a large iron work, which yields 2(XX)
tons of iron a year. 142 m. N. E. Ekaterinenburg.
Lon. 62° 50' E. Lat. 67° 35' N.
Ireby, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 2^ m. N. Keswick.
Iredell, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop.
10,972. Slaves, 2,432. Chief town, Statesville.
Ireland, a large and fertile island of Europe, in
the Atlantic ocean, lying W. of Great Britain,
from which it is separated by the Irish sea, or St.
George's channel. It lies between lon. 6° and
10° 40' W. and lat. 51° 15'' and 55° 13' N. Ex-
tent, 32,201 sq. miles, or 20,437,974 English
acres. Ireland is divided into four great provin-
ces, viz. Ulster, Leinster, Connaught, and Mun-
ster, which are again divided into 32 counties,
containing 3,436 parishes. — The face of the coun-
try affords a pleasing variety of surface. The
harbors are very numerous : the principal are
Waterford and Cork on the S. ; Bantry and Din-
gle on the S. VV. ; the estuary of the Shannon,
and the vast bay of Galway on the VV. ; Lough
Swilly and Lough Foyle on the N. The climate
of Ireland is in general more temperate than the
climate of other countries in the same latitude.
It is more moist than that of Great Britain, the
winds from the W. and S. VV. are more prevalent,
and the seasons more irregular. The soil is, gen-
erally speaking, a fertile loam, but remarkably
shallow, the rocks appearing on the surface, or at
no great depth, even in the most flat and fertile
parts. The bogs of Ireland form a very remark-
able feature of the country. In 1809, commis-
sioners were appointed to inquire into the extent
of Irish bogs, and whether it was practicable ei-
ther to drain or cultivate them. In their reports,
they state the extent of these bogs at 2,330,000
English acres. They are principally confined to
the province of Connaught, and a part of Lein-
ster. This extensive tract resembles in its form a
broad belt drawn across the centre of Ireland,
with its narrov/est end nearest the capital, and
gradually extending in breadth as it approaches
the Western ocean. Tlie commissioners were
convinced that it was perfectly practicable to
4rain these immeuse morasses, and convert them
to the purposes of tillage. — The agriculture of
Ireland is rather in a backward state, though in
many counties improvements begin to be adopted.
Oats are most extensively cultivated; they form
the principal food of the people. Ireland has
been long celebrated for the immense quantities
and excellent quality of potatoes which it produ-
ces. The dairy husbandry is the most extensive
and the best managed in Ireland. — The linen
manufacture is the staple branch of Irish indus-
try. The cotton manufacture is spreading rapid-
ly. The distillation of spirits has long been car-
ried on to a great extent. The exports are corn,
hides, butter, provisions, linen, whiskey, &c. The
exports from Ireland, for 1816, amounted to
6,703,799/.; the imports to 5,084,890/. The ex-
ports for 1814, amounted to 7,139,435/. and th»
imports to 7,245,043/. The number of vessels
belonging to Ireland, amounts to between 1,100
and 1,200, navigated by between 5,000 and 6,000
sailors, men, and boys. The revenue amounted,
in 1817, to 9,109,171/.; the expenditure to
14,612,560/. ; and the debt to 141,441,180/. The
Irish peasantry are, in general, sunk in poverty
and ignorance. They are miserably ill lodged, in
a hovel of four mud widls, with one entrance,
and frequently without either a window or a chim-
ney. Their food consists almost entirely of milk
and potatoes. Within a few years, however,
great efforts have been made by religious charita-
ble societies in Great Britain, to extend the bles-
sings of education and religious instruction to the
Irish people, and with very good success. — The
established religion is tlie Protestant, though the
. great majority of the people are Catholics. With-
in the last 50 years, Ireland has rapidly increased
in population. In 1754, the number of inhabi-
tants was 2,372,634 ; in 1791, 4,206,612; and at
Uie present time, according to the best estimates,
it is more than 5,000,000.
Irelaiid, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Pitt lake, 50 m. S. Quebec.
Ireland, JVew, isl. in the Eastern seas, N. from
New Britain, 190 miles long, and very narrow,
between lon. 150° 30' and 153° 5' E. and lat. 3°
40' and 5° S.
Iri. See Eurotas.
Irigny, t. France, on the Rhone, 6 m. S. Lyons.
Iriju, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlantic.
Lon.'51° 30' W. Lat. 6° 58' N.
Irish Sea, that part of the Atlantic ocean
which washes the coasts of Great Britain and
Ireland.
Irishtown, v. Ireland, in the bay of Dublin,
near the mouth of the Liffey.
Irissary, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 11m.
S. W. St. Palais.
Irkoutsk, an extensive government, compre-
hending all the eastern part of Siberia, or Asiatic
Russia. It is divided into four districts, Irkoutsk
proper, Nertschink, Yakoutsk, and Okhotsk, and
is bounded E. by the Pacific ocean, N. by the
Frozen ocean, VV. by Tobolsk, S. by vast chains
of mountains which separate it from Chinese Tar-
tary. Extent, 3,927,754 sq. miles. Pop. 661,900.
A considerable proportion of the inhabitants are
Russians and Cossacs. There are several Mongul
tribes in the southern parts of this government.
Of the native people, the most numerous are the
Tunguses.
Irkuatsk, city, capital of the above government,
is on the Angara. It is the residence of the off-
ccrs of government, the station of a considerable
342
I S A
I S K
body of troops, and the scat of an archbishopiick.
It possesses great commercial importance, from its
being the residence of many merchants engaged
in trade between Russia and China. Lon, 103*^
30' E. Lat. 52° 16' N. Pop. 1 ],2<)2.
Irkut, r. Siberia, Avhich falls into the Angara,
opposite Irkoulsk.
Irnis. See Giomico.
Irois Cape, the W. point of Ilispaniola, 17 m.
W. S. W. Cape Dame Marie.
Iron Islandi small isl. near the coast of Siam.
Lon. 98° E. Lat. 12° 35' N.
Irondequot, bay, N. Y. on lake Ontario, 4^ ra.
E. of the mouth of Genesee river. It is 7 miles
in extent from N. to S.
Iron mountai7is, mts.of the U. S. which divide
Tennessee from N. Carolina.
Iron river, small r. N. W. Territory, which
runs into lake Superior. It is about 80 yards wide
at its mouth.
Iroquois, Point, Michigan Territory, the W.
cape at the outlet of lake Superior.
Irrawaddy, properly Iravati, the principal Hver
in the Birman empire, which rises in the mountains
of Tibet, and entering the Birman empire, passes
the cities of Umrapoora and old Ava. In lat. 17°
50' it divides into two branches, one of which
running S. W. passes the town of Persaim or Bas-
sien ; the other running S. E. passes Rangoon ;
but these branches again subdivide into many
streams, and fall into the bay of Bengal, in about
lat. 16C N.
Irrsumit, t. East Greenland. Lon, 45° 35' W.
Lat. 61° 10' N.
Irl, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea, near,
Ravenglass.
Irtetskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Ural, 88 m. W.
Orenburg.
Irtysch, r. Russia, which rises in Independent
Tartary, and passing by Tobolsk, joins the Oby,
200 m. N. of that city.
Iruela, t. Spain, in Jaen, 19 m. E. by N. Ubeda.
Fop. 2,200.
Irville, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N. Neufcha-
teau.
Irville, p-v. Muskingum co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W,
Zanesville.
Ircine, or Irwine, s-p. and royal burgh, Scot-
land, in Ayr co. on the N.side of the Irvine, which,
about half a mile below, flows into the frith of
Clyde. The harbor is tolerably commodious. 25
m. S. W. Glasgow, 12 N. Ayr. Pop. 4,500.
Irvine, r. N. G. a western head water of the
Neuse.
Irvine, Ca-pe, high bluff, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 54° 49' N.
Iran, t. Spain, in G uipuscoa, about 1 m. fr. the
Bidassoa, 2 m. S. Fontarabia.
Ii^vin, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 357.
Irwinion, p-t. and cap. Wilkinson co. Geo. 24
m. S. Milledgeville.
Is suT Tille, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 23 m. N.
Dijon. Pop. 1,600.
Isabella, an islet in the Pacific ocean, situated
on the coast of theintendancy ofGuadalaxara. Lon.
105° 56' W. Lat. 21° 50' N.
Isabella, r. St. Domingo, which joins the Ozama,
and falls into the sea, below tlie city of St. Do-
mingo.
Isabella, t. on the N. side of St. Domingo, N. lat.
19° 59' 10". This is the port where Columbus
formed the first Spanish settlement on the island.
29 leagues E. by N. Cape Francois.
Isabella furnace, p-v. Shenandoah co, \'a.
Isaczi, or Isaccia, L Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, o .
the Danube, 26 m. W. Ismail. Lon. 29° 9' E. Lat.
45°18'N.
Isbeliburg, t. Egj'pt, on the Mediterranean, 4 m.
S. Damietta.
hbellsvillc p-v. Christian co. Kentucky.
Isbicc, t. Poland, in Masovia, 14 m. S. by W.
Brzesc.
Isca, t Netherlands, in South Brabant, 11m. N.
Brussels.
Iscampi, (an. Scampis) t. Eu. Turkey, in Alba-
nia, 9 m. S. Albanopolis.
Ischa, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, where the
river Ischa falls into the Danube.
Ischel, t. Upper Austria, 27 m. S. E. Salzburg.
Pop. 4,500.
Ischa, (an. Oenaria, or Pithectisa,) isl. in the
gulf of Naples, 6 m. from the coast. Extent, 25
sq. miles. Pop. 22,500. There is not perhaps in
Europe a more pleasant residence than this small
island. Ischia, the capital, is on a small bay on
•the N. coast. Lon. 14° 15' E. Lat 40° 45' N. Pop.
3,100.
Ischitn, r. Siberia, which falls into the Irtysch,
Lon. 70° E. Lat. 57° 45' N.
Ischim, circle in the Siberian government of
the Tobolsk. Ischim, the capital, is in lon. 69^
20' E. lat. 56° 30' N.
Ischilella, t. Naples, in the Capitanata. Pop.
31,000.
Ischora, t. Eu. Russia, 26 m. S. E. Petersburg.
Ischua, p-t. Cataraugus co. (N. Y.) N. E. of
Olean.
Iscoudar. See Scutari.
Isejiord, bay, Denmark, in Zealand. Lon. 11°
50' E. Lat. 55° 59' N.
Iscghem, t. Netherlaxids, 20 m. S. Bruges.
hen, t. Bavaria, 22 m. E. N. E. Munich, 22 S.
Landshut.
Isenburg, or Upper Isenburg, principality in the
W. of Germany, consisting of several scattered
portions of territory on the borders of the county
of Hanau, and subject partly to Hesse-Cassel,
partly to Hesse-Darmstadt. Extent, 217 sq. miles.
Pop. 47,500.
Isenburg, Keic, t. in the preceding principality,
3 m. S. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 8° 38' E.
Lat. 50° 3' N.
Iseo, il Lago d^Iseo, lake, Italy, between Bres-
cia and Bergamo.
Iser, or Giscra, r. Bohemia, which flows into tlie
Elbe at Alt Bunzlau.
Iser, or Isar, r. Bavaria, which joins the Dan-
ube at Dcckendorf.
Iser, or Isar, circle, Bavaria, bounded partly
by the Bavai-ian circles of the Regen and the Up-
per Danube, partly by the Austrian states. Ex-
tent, 5,900 sq. miles. Pop. 503,000. Munich is the
chief town.
here, r. France, which falls into the Rhone 3
m. above Valence. It is navigable from Gren-
oble.
here, department in the S. E. of France, inclos-
ed by Savoy, and the French departments of the
Upper Alps, the Drome, and the Rhone. Extent,
3,440 sq. miles. Pop. 472,000, of whom only 7,000
are Protestants.
herlohn, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Baaren,
41 m. E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7° 40' E. Lat. 51° 23'
N. Pop. 4,400.
hernia, t. Naples, 30 m. N. Capua. Lon. 14° 2'
F* Lat. 41° 38' N. Pop. 5,000. .4
I S L
I S P
343
isigni/, t, France, in Calvados, at the mouth ol
the Esques, 20 m. W. Bayeux. Lon. 1° W. Lat.
49° 19' N. Pop. 1,900.
Isis, r. Eng. the N. branch of the Thames, which
joins the main stream near Lechdale.
Isjum, or Jzjitm, t. Eu. Russia, in Slobodsk-
Ukraine, on the river Donetz, 6 m. S. E. Charkov.
Pop. 4,300.
Ida. See Islay.
Jsta, or Ila, r. Scotland, in Forfar, which falls
into the Tay at Kinclaven. In this river is a per-
pendicular fall of 70 or 80 feet, called the Rocky
Linn.
Isla de la Gente Hermoga, or Island of Hand-
some People, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 175°
10' W. Lat. 10° S.
I.ilamabad, t. Bengal, and cap. of Chittagong, on
the W. bank of the Currumpooly, 10 miles from
the sea. The Baptists have missionaries and
schools here. Lon. 91° 42' E. Lat. 22° 22' N. 230
m. E. Calcutta.
hlamnbad, t. Cashmeer, on the N. side of the
river Jhylyur. Lon. 74° 7' E. Lat. 34° 6' N.
hland creek^ t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
3 m. above Steubenville.
Island, Magee, peninsula, Ireland, on the coast
of the North channel of the Irish sea, N. of Belfast
Lough.
hiay, Hay or Ila, one of the Hebrides, or west-
ern islands of Scotland, lying S. W. of Jura. It is
31 m. long from N. to S. and 24 broad from E. to
W. It contains 154,000 acres, of which about
one-seventh is under cultivation. The great ar-
ticle of exportation is black cattle. Pop. in 1801,
6,821 ; in Kill, 11,500. Its inhabitants are rap-
idly increasing.
Isle des Co7itrariefes, isl. in the Pacific. Lon.
161° 34' E. Lat. 9° 53' S.
Isle aux Coitdres, isl. and seigniory, Northum-
berland CO. Lower Canada, in the river St. Law-
rence, opposite St. Paul bay.
hie aux JVoix, small isl. Lower Canada, in the
river Sorel, 1 1 m. from the frontier, 8 or 9 from
St. Johns. It is well fortified, and commands the
intercourse by water, between lake Champlain
and the river St. Lawrence.
Isle anx PelUes Bois, isl. Alabama, near the
mouth of Mobile bay, between Dauphin and Horn
islands.
Isle de Vachcs. See Cow Island.
Isle Jesus, isl. and seigniory, Effingham co. Low-
er Canada, lying in the river St. Lawrence, N.
W. of the island of Montreal, from which.it is sep-
arated by a channel.
Isle of Orleans, isl. co. and seigniory. Lower
Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, 4 m. below
Quebec. Pop. 4,000.
Isle ofWigM, Eng. See Wight, Isle of.
Isle of Wight, CO. Va. on the S. side of James riv-
er. Fop. 9,186. Slaves, 4,041. Chief town. Smith-
field. At the court-house is a post-ofSce.
Isle Perrot, seigniory, Lower Canada, compri-
sing the Is]e Perrot, and several smaller i.slands, off
the S. VV. end of Montreal island.
Isle Royal, large isl. in Lake Superior, 100 miles
long, and 40 broad.
Isle Verle, seigniory, Comwallis co. Lower Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 104 m. N.
E. Quebec.
hleshorough, t. Hancock co. Maine, on Long-
Island in Penoljscot bay, 1 m. W . Castine. Pop. 583.
Isles de Madam, islands at the S. end of Cape
Breton island^ on the E. side of the entrance into
HioCutofCanso,
Isks of Shoals, small islands, 7 in number, 3^
leagues S. S. E. Portsmouth, N. H. Staten island
is tlie largest, and constitutes the town of Gosport,
belonging to Rockingham co. N. H. The rest of
the islands belong to Maine. They are inhabited
by about 100 fishermen.
Islet de St. Jean, seigniory, Devon co. Lower
Canada, on the S, side of the St. Lawrence, 43 m.
N. E. Quebec.
Islet du Portage, seigniory, Comwallis co. Low-
er Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 83
m. N. E. Quebec.
Isleworth, v. Eng. in Middlesex co. on the
Thames, opposite Richmond, chiefly celebrated
for various elegant villas. 8 m. W. London. Pop.
4,661.
Islington, v. Eng. in Middlesex co. united to
London on the N. side by a continued range of
buildings. Pop. of the parish, 15,000.
Islip, p-t. Suflfolk CO. N. Y. on the S. shore of
Long-Island, 50 m. E. New- York. Pop. 885.
Ismail, or Ismailov, a large and strong t. Bessa-
rabia, on the N. side of the principal arm of the
Danube, about 33 m. from the Black sea. It is
memorable for its siege and capture by the Rus-
sians under SuwaiTow, in 1790. Of the Turks,
about 20,000 were killed, and 10,000 made prison-
ers : the Russians lost 5,000 men on the day of
capture, and twice that number in the previous
operations, 30 m. W. Kilia-Nova, 140 S. by W.
Bender, 268 N. Constantuiople. Lon. 28° 50' E.
Lat. 45° 21' N. _ •
Ismailov, imperial palace of Russia, 12 m. fr.
Moscow.
Istnid, t. Asia Minor, (an. Kicomedia). Lon. 29°
34' E. Lat. 40° 39' N.
Isnilc, t. Asia Minor, (an. JWre) famous in eccle-
siastical history as the seat of two councils in A. D.
325 and 787. It is on a lake communicating with the
sea of Marmora, and has some trade in silk. Lou.
29° 50' E. Lat, 40° 16' N.
Isny, t. Wirtemberg, 46 m. S. Ulm. Lon. 10° 3'
45" E. Lat. 47° 42' N. Pop. 2,200.
Isola, t. Istria, on an island, 7 m. S. Capo d'Istria..
Lon. 13° 40' E. Lat. 45° 37' N. Pop. 2,800.
Isola,t. Naples, 17 m. B. E. SanScverino. fjon.
17° 24' E. Lat. 39° 2' N, Pop, 2,800.
Isola, t. Piedmont, 4 m, S. by W. Asti. Pop.
2,300.
Isola, t. Naples, on the river Garigliano, 5 m. S
Sora. Pop. 2,600.
Isola AUn, t. Italy, 11 m. N. N. E. Mantua.
Isola Grossa, isl. of the Adriatic, on the coast oi
Dalmatia, about 30 miles long, and 2 broad. Lon,
l5°rE. Lat.44° 18'N.
Isola Porcarizza, t. Italy, 18 m. N. E. Mantua.
Ispagnac, t. France, in Lozere, 5 m. N. N. W.
Florae, Pop. 1,900.
Ispahan, or iSpahaicn, formerly the capital of
Persia, and long celebrated as one of the mogl
splendid cities of the east. It is on the river Zen-
deroud, in the province of Irak. When visited by
Chardin, at the beginning of the last century, its
magnificence was such, that no city of the east
could compare with it, except the capitals of Hin-
dostan and China. In 1722, it was taken by the
Afghans, and many of its most superb edifices en-
tirely destroyed by those barbarous invaders. It is
still,however,a great and mngnificent city. Kinneir
estimates the population at 200,000, and Morier, in
1008, at 400,000. Ispahan, according to Chardin,,
is 24 miles in circuit, and contained 172
mosques, 48 college?, 1,800 caravansei'as, and 27t'
public batlis. The most splendid edifice was the
344
I T A
palace, built by Scha Abbas. It is said to have
been five miles in circuit, including the gardens,
and to have surpassed every thing of the kind
which is to be found in Europe. The walls and
buildings of the palace remain, but it has been
stript of all its costly furniture. The streets of the
city are narrow, winding, and irregular. The
houses have a mean appearance, being built merely
of bricks dried in the sun, and covered with /hit
roofs. The manufactures of Ispahan are still very
extensive. In gold brocade this city is unrivalled.
It is also the greatest emporium of inland com-
merce in the Persian empire, being the chief me-
dium of communication with India and Cabul on
one side, and Turkey on the other. After being
desolated by foreign wars and revolutions, this city
has of late begun to revive, through the exertions of
Hajee Mahomed Hussein Khan, who, from the low-
est origin, has raised himself to the first situations in
the empire, and acquired immense wealth, which
he employs in the improvement of his native city.
He has just completed a new royal palace, which
equals in elegance any of the old ones. Lon. 52°
yO' E. Lat. 32° 25' N.
Ispira, (an. Hispiralis,) t. Turkish Armenia, 90
m,-E. Trebisond.
Isquinlia, t. Guatimala, 30 m. W. N. W. Gua-
timala. Lon. 93° W. Lat. 14° 32' N.
Israel, t. Preble co. Ohio. «
Issagunge, t. Hind, in Oude, 25 m. N. E. Khie-
rabad.
Issel, Old, r. Netherlands, which flows into the
Zuyderzee below Kampen.
Issel, JS'eM', canal which extends from the Rhine
at Arnheim, to the Old Issel at Doesberg.
Issel, Little, r. IS etherlands, which falls into the
Maese, near Rotterdam.
Isselfwrst, v. Prussian Westphalia, 22 m. N. W.
Paderborn.
Isselmonde, isl. Netherlands, formed by the
Maese, the Merwe, and the Issel. 3 m. S. E. Rot-
terdam.
Isselstein, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the Lit-
tle Issel, 5 m. S. Utrecht. Pop. 2,100.
Issin, t. Persia, 6 m. N. Gombroon.
Issoire, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 1 9 m. S. by
E. Clermont. Lon. 0° 52' E. Lat. 45° 43' 56" N.
Pop. 5,000.
Issoudun, t. France, in Indre, 18 m. S. W. Bour-
ges, 74 S. E. Tours. Pop. 10,000.
hsum, V. Prussian Westphalia, in Cleves, 6 m.
N. E. Gueldres. Pop. 2,000.
Issurdu, t. Hind, in Asmeer. Lon. 75° 10' E.
Lat. 26= 20' N.
Issy, v. France, 2 m. S. S. W. Paris.
Issy VEveque, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, on
the Somme, 25 m. S. W. Autuu. Pop. 1,800.
Islakhei: See Estachar.
Istory, V. Asia Minor, 30 ra. S. Trebisond.
Istrcs, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-llhone, 18 m.
S.E.Aries. Pop. 2,100.
Islria, a peninsula of the Austrian empire, form-
ed by the gulfs of Trieste and Fiume, between lat.
45° and 46 °N. and formerly divided into Vene-
tian and Austrian. The whole now belongs to
Austria, and forms the southern part of the new
kingdom of lUyria. Extent, 1,600 square miles.
Pop. 141,000. The ports of Istria are the princi-
pal outlets for the surplus produce both of Austria
jxiA Hungary.
Istria, See Capo d'' Istria.
Italy, a well known peninsula in the south of
Kurope. extpn'i;n2rfrnm37° \o '\Cfi N Int. roidfroTr
1 T A
i'-' to 19° E. lon. It is surrounded on all sides hy
the Mediten-anean, except on the N. where it i?
separated by the Alps from Germany, SwitzerlaniJ
and France.
Italy is at present divided into nine independent
States. The following table exhibits their extent
and population :
Sq. miles. Population.
I. — Kingdom of the Two Si-
cilies. - - - 43,600 6,618,000
II.— Kingdom of Sardinia. 27,400 3,994,000
III. — Austrian Italy, or the
Lombardo- Venetian king-
dom. - - - 18,290 4,014,000
IV.— States of the Church. 14,500 2,346,000
v.— Grand Duchy of Tus-*
canv. - ' - - 8,500 1,180,000
M.— States of Pai-ma. - 2,280 377,000
Vll.— States of Modena. 2,060 370,000
Vni.— Duchy of Lucca. 420 138,000
IX. — Republic of San Ma-
rino. - - - 40 7,000
Italy, including Sicily and
Sardinia, - - 117,090 19,04>l,00(.t
Nothing can exceed the beauty and diversity of
the natural scenery of Italy. Its mountains present
every variety of form and elevation, of rugged
rocks and precipices, thick and extensive forests,
water-falls, and all the component parts of pictur-
esque beauty. The clearness of the atmosphere
gives to every object a remarkable brightness oi
colouring and distinctness of outline.
In respect of climate, Italy is one of the most
favoured countries in Europe. The air is mild
and genial, the excessive heats of summer being
moderated by the influence of the mountains and
surrounding sea.
The most important productions of the country
are vines, olives, and other fruitsof great variety,
and of the most delicious quality. Cotton, and
still more silk, are cultivated to a great extent.
Lombardy is the chief corn country. Skilful ag-
riculture is confined to the north : in the centre
and south it is at a very low ebb.
Italy contains few manufactures. Silk is the
staple article ; and after it come linen and wool-
len.
The established religion is the Roman Catholic ;
but all other sects are tolerated. The number of
archbishops for the whole country is 38. The
number of inferior ecclesiastics is surprisingly
great. Italy contains an extraordinary number of
hospitals, erected, and in general provided for, in
former ages. The principal universities are those
of Rome, Bologna, Padua, Parma, Pisa, Pavia,
Naples, and Palermo.
Antiquities form one of the grand objects of in-
terest to the traveller, v/hile their illustration con-
stitutes a distinct branch of study with the literati
of the country.
Italy, Kingdom of, the name of a state created by
Bonaparte, out of the various provinces of the
north of Italy, and first known by the name of the
Cisalpine republic. It comprised Lombardy, the
duchy of Modena, the Venetian territory, the pa-
pal legations of Ferrara, Bologna, and Romagna :
the districts of Chiavenna, Bormio, and the Valte-
line, (belonging formerly to the Grisons ;) and
finally, the eastern part of Piedmont, lying between
Ticino and the Sesia, It contained 24 departments,
and a population of 6,460,000. The events of
1814 overthrew this short-lived monarchy.
Tf.ilv. Jln^fripn. n kingdom of Upper Italy, be-
JAB
JAB
345
'lOnging to tlie house of Austria, comprehending
the whole of Italy east of the Ticino and north of
the Po. It is bounded N. by Switzerland and Aus-
tria ; E. by lUyria ; S. E. by the Adriatic ; S. by
the States of the church, of Modena,andof Parma,
and W. by Piedmont. Extent, 18,290 square miles.
Pop. 4,014,000. The name given to this kingdom,
in treaties and other public acts, is the Lombardo-
Venetian Kingdom. The country is in general
level consisting of large and beautiful plains.
It is in a high state of cultivation ; and on ac-
count of its extreme fertility, has been frequent-
ly called the garden of Europe. The pro-
ducts are rice, wheat, vines, fruit, and large
quantities of silk, flax, and hemp. The exports
consist chiefly of rice, corn, and cattle ; also of silk,
the value of which annually sent out of the coun-
try is computed at from 400,000/. to 500,000/.
Austrian Italy was erected into a kingdom by
an edict of the emperor of Austria, dated 7th April
1815. Though declared to forma monarchy insep-
arable from the Austrian empire, it has a separate
constitution of its own, at the head of which is a
prince of the imperial family, with the title of vice-
roy. His residence is at Milan. The administra-
tion of each of the two great divisions is in the
hands of a governor and government college, in
subordination to the court of Vienna.
Italy, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandaigua lake,
S. of Canandaigua.
Itamaca, r. Guiana, which falls into the Orinoco,
near its mouth.
Itamarca, isl. off the coast of Pernambuco, in
Brazil, 3 leagues long and 2 broad.
IlamarccL, the capital of the above island, is on
the S. E. side. Lon. 35° 6' W. Lat. 8° S.
Itambira, settlement, Brazil, in Minas Geraes,
on the river Dolce, 36 m. W. Villa Rica.
Itampaen, r. Brazil, which falls into the Atlan-
tic in lat. 17° 40' S.
Itata, province. Chili, bordering on the Pacific
ocean. Coulemu, the capital, is in lat. 36° 2' S.
Itata, r. Chili, which enters the sea in lat. 36° S.
Itchapour, t. India, in the northern circars, 30
m. S. W. Gaugaur. Lon. 85° E. Lat. 19° 8' N.
Ilchora, r. Siberia, which runs into the Lena in
Irkoutsk.
Ithaca, or Thiaki, in the Mediterranean, one of
the seven Ionian islands, between Cefalonia and
Santa Maura, in lon. 21° E. lat. 38° 36' N. Ex-
tent, 85 sq. miles. Pop. 8,000. It has always
been noted for its rugged and barren aspect. The
English government are about establishing a
Greek University in Ithaca for the benefit of all
the Ionian islands. The inhabitants have sub-
scribed very liberally for its suppoit
H
Ithaca, p-v. in Ulysses, and cap. of Tompkins co.
N. Y. at the bottom of Cayuga lake, 29 m. fr. Owe-
go, 180 W.Albany. Pop. in 1818, 611. The pub-
lic buildings are a court-house and church.
Ithon, r. Wales, which falls into the Wye, 3 m.
N. Builth.
Itiobara Bay, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
37° 46' W. Lat. 6° 20' S.
Itri, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 40 m. N.Vf.
Naples. Pop. 4,500.
Ituria, in Sac. Geog. a country on the E. side
of the river Jordan, near Mount Hermon.
Itzehoe, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Stor,
31 m. N. by W. Hamburgh. Pop. 5,000.
Ivangorod, t. Russia, 11 m. E. Narva, 84 S. W.
Petersburg. Lon. 28° 14' E. Lat. 59° 16' N.
Ivel, r. Eng. in Bedfordshire, which joins the
Ouse at Tempsford.
Ivel, r. Eng. which rises in Dorsetshire, and runs
into the Parret at Langport.
Ivenach, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 42 m. S.
Stralsund.
her, t. Eng. in Buckingham, 18 m. W. London.
Pop. 1,635.
Iverdon. See Yverdun.
Ivica, or Ibica, isl. of the Mediterranean, belong-
ing to Spain, and the principal of the group called
the PithyuscE. Extent, 190 sq. miles. Pop. 15,200.
The climate is uncommonly mild. The soil is
fertile, producing corn, wine, oil, fruit, flax, and
hemp, with little labour. Irica, the capital, is
well fortified, and has a good harbour. Lon. 4°
29' E. Lat. 38° 53' N. Pop. 2,700.
hinghoe,i. Eng, in Buckingham co. 6 m. S. W.
Dunstable, 33 N. W. London. Lon. 0° 37' W. Lat.
51° 50' N. Pop. 1,361.
Ivory Coast. See Guinea,
hoy le Pre, t. France, in Cher, 1 1 m. S. Aubig-
hrea, strong town of Italy, in Piedmont, on the
Doira Baltea, It is surrounded with tliick bas-
tions, and has a turreted castle, with two other
forts. 20 m. N. Turin, 53 W. Milan. Lon. 7° 44'
E. Lat. 45° 25' N.
hry, V. France, on the Eure, 18 m. S. E. Evreux,
50 N. W. Paris.
hy Bridge, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 2i ra. fr,
Bideford.
Iwanotcits. See Janowils.
Ixworth, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 7 m. N. E. Bury.
Ixworth, t. Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, 68 m,
N. E. Quebec.
he, t. France, 14 m. E. by S. Mayenne. Por>.
1,800.
Izieu, t. France, in Loire, 14 m. fr. St. Etienne;
Pop. 2,000.
J.
Jaar, r. Netherlandg, which falls into the
Meuse at Maestricht.
Jabbok,in Sac. Geog. small r. of Palestine, which
flows into the Jordan S. of the sea of Tiberias.
Jabesh, in Sao. Geog. t, in Gi'lead. 6 m. from
Pella.
44
Jabloncza, t. Hungary, on the Miawa, 20 m. W.
N. W. Leopoldstadt.
Jablonaw, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 50 m.
S. byE. Stanislawow.
Jablunka, t. Austrian Silesia, on the Elsa. 11m.
S. S. E. Teschen. Lon. 18° 48' E. Lai. 49°'32' N.
Fop. 1,700.
34e
J A C
Jabnek, by the Greeks called Jamnia, in Sac.
Geog. t. Palestine, on the Mediterranean, S. of
Joppa. Here was established in later times, a fa-
mous Jewish school.
Jaca, or Jacca, t. Spain, in Arragon, 45 m, N.
Saragossa. Lon.0O4i'W. Lat.42°29'N. Pop.
4,000.
Jacaira, a district of the island of Java, of which
Batavia is the capital, formerly a kingdom govern-
ed by its own sovereigns ; but now belonging to
the Dutch. Pop. 203,484. Its productions are
principally coffee, sugar, and rice.
Jaci, Jaci d''Aquila, or Joel Reale, s-p. on the
E. coast of Sicily, in the Val di Demona, near the
foot of Mount Etna, 10 m. N. N. E. Catania, 15 S.
by W. Taormind. Lon. 13° 15' E. Lat. 37° 40' N.
Pop. 11,000.
Jackson, sometimes called Hitchcock, p-t. Han-
cock CO. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Castine.
Jackson, p-t. Washington co. N. Y.
Jackson, t. Louisa co. Va.
Jackson, co. Geo. on the forks of the Oconee.
Top. 10,569. Slaves, 1,816. Chieftown, Jefferson.
Jackson, co. Alabama.
Jackson, co. Mississippi, on the gulf of Mexi-
co, at the mouth of the Pascagoula.
Jackson, co. West-Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. Pop. 5,401. Slaves, 481. Chieftown, Wil-
liamson. At the court-house is a post-office.
Jackson, co. Ohio, E. of Ross and Pike counties.
Pop. in 1819, 2,000. Chieftown, Jackson.
Jackson, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Oliio, 28 ra.
9. E. Chilicothe.
Jackson, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
Jackson, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7
m. below Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 260.
Jackson, t. Knox co. Ohio.
Jackson, t. Monroe co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 9 m.
S. Woodslield.
Jackson, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 14 m. W.
Dayton.
Jackson, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W.
Zajaesville.
Jackson, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. S. Somerset.
Jackson, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 6
tpj. above Circlevillc.
Jackson, t. Pike co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m.
ubove Piketon.
Jackson, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 400.
Jackson, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 160.
Jackson, CO. Indiana, on the E. fork of White
river. Chieftown, Brownstown.
Jackson, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. in
1818, 1,294. Chieftown, Brownsville.
Jackson, p-t. and cap. Cape Girardeau co. Mis-
souri, 12 m. N. W. Cape Girardeau, 10 m. from
the Mississippi,
Jacksonbormigh, t. Colleton district, S. C, on the
W. side of Edisto river, 33 m. W. Charleston.
Jacksonborough, p-t. and cap. Scriven co. Geo.
on Briar creek, 69 ra. N. W, Savannah, 54 S, E.
Augusta,
Jacksonburg, t. and cap, Campbell co. East-
Tennessee, N. of Knoxville.
Jacksonburg, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, 8 m. N. Ham-
ilton.
Jackson, Cape, on the coast of New Holland.
Lon. 175° 10' E. Lat. 40° 54' S.
Jackson'' s mills, p-v. Harrison co. Va.
Jackson's river, Va. rises in the Warm Spring
mountains, and flowing S. W. is joined by Cow-
pasture river, and forms James river. Near its
source is a perpendicular fall of 200 feet.
J A F
Jackson town, p-v. Jackson co. Alabama. ^ 9
Jacksonville, p-v. Wood co. Va. ' ' ,;
Jacksonville, p-v Louisa co. Va.
Jacksonville, or Telfairton, t. and cap. Telfair
CO, Geo,
Jacksonville v, Fairfield co. Ohio, 18 m. N. W-
Lancaster.
Jacksonville, t. Adams co. Ohio, 18 m. E. West-
union.
Jacmel. See Jaquemel.
Jacob'' s creek, r. Pa, which runs into the Youg-
hiogany, in Westmoreland co.
Jacobshagen, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
16 m. E. Stargard. Lon. 15° 30' E, Lat. 53° 25'
N, Pop. 1,500.
Jacobsiadt, t. Russia, in Courland, on the Dwi-
na, 80 m. S. S, E. Riga.
Jacobsiadt, t. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of
Bothnia, 50 m. N. N. E. Wasa, Lon. 21° 36' E-
Lat. 36° 41' N. Pop, 1,600.
Jacobstown, t. Belmont co. Ohio.
Jacotta, t. India, in Cochin. Lon, 76° 1' E. Lat,
10° 14' N.
Jacques Cartier, r. Lower Canada, which rises
in some small lakes, in lon, 71° 20' W, lat. 48° N.
and falls into the St. Lawrence at the seigniory oi
the same name.
Jacques Cartier, seigniory, Hampshire co. Low-
er Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 24
m. W. Quebec.
Jaen, province, Spain, forming the E. part rf
Andalusia, and bounded N. by La Mancha, E. by
Murcia and Granada, S. by Granada, and W. by
Cordova. Extent, 4,730 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803,
207,000. Wine, oil, silk, and corn, are the prin-
cipal productions.
Jaen, city, Spain, in Andalusia, and cap. of the
province of Jaen, on the banks of the Guadalbulon^
It is surrounded by walls flanked with towers, is
neatly built, and has several handsome churches
and squares. It is a bishop's see ; and the cathe-
dral is a noble structure. 36 m. N. Granada, 6i>
E. Cordova. Lon. 3° 51' W. Lat. 37° 48' N. Pop-
27,500.
Jaen De Bracamoros, province, Quito, bound-
ed N, by Loja and Quixos, E, by Mainas, S. and
W. by Peru. Its commerce consists in cotton,
tobacco, and mules. Jaen, the capital, has 4,000
inhabitants. 314 m, S. Quito, 96 S. E. Loxa, Lon.
78°33'W. Lat. 5° 25' S,
Jafa, adistrict of Arabia, in the S. E. of Yemen,
bordering on Hadi'amaut. It is fertile, and
abounds in coffee and cattle.
Jaffa, t. Palestine, near the coast of the Medi-
terranean, called anciently Joppa. It is celebra-
ted in Scripture history as the place whence Jo-
nah embarked for Tarshish, and as that where St,
Peter restored Tabitlia to life. It is now inhabit-
ed by Turks and Arabs, with a mixture of Greeks,
Maronites, and Armenians. The general appear-
ance of the place is now very desolate. Its har-
bour is one of the worst in the Mediterranean. It
is a resort of pilgrims to the Holy Land, being sit-
uated directly in the way to Jerusalem, la 1799,
Jaffa being taken by Bonaparte, became the
scene of that massacre of prisoners, of which so
many reports have been spread. According to
Sir Robert Wilson, four days after its surrender,
3,800 Avere L?d to a field, near the town, and pub-
licly shot. Bonaparte has since ack> ovleuged to
lord Ebrington and Mr. Warden, that it took place
to the extent of 500; and he justified it on the
ground that these were Naplousian pri^^oner?^
J A H
•Ah6, after being taken and dismissed on parole,
had joined the garrison of Jaffa. 40 m. W. Jeru-
salem. Lon. 34° 53' E. Lat. 32° 2' N.
Jaffierabad, t. Hind, in Gujerat, near the sea.
Lon. 70° 3' E. Lat 20° 56' N.
Jaffi.tr Gunge, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 79°
25' E. Lat. 17° 52' N.
Jaffna, or Jaffnapatam, district, in the N. CK-
treniity of Ceylon, and considered as tlie most
healthy and populous of the island. It is nearly
surrounded by the sea, which renders it cool ; and
being clear of woods, it produces abundance of
fruit and vegetables, and raises a considerable
quantity of sheep and poultry. The woods which
separate this district from the Candian provinces
are inhabited by a savage people, known by the
name of Vaddahs, and supposed to have been the
aborigines of the country. The Wesleyan Metho-
dists, and the American Board of Foreign Mis-
sions, have stations in this district. See Ceylon.
Jaffna, the capital of the above district, is at
some distance from the sea, but communicates
with it by a river navigable for large boats. It
has a manufacture of cotton goods ; and its artifi-
cers are esteemed the best in the island. The
inhabitants are principally Mahometans; but
since Ceylon was taken by the English, many of
the country born Dutch families have settled there,
as being a cheaper and healthier place than Co-
lumbo. It is also the residence of the superintend-
ant of the district, is garrisoned by the British
troops, and is esteemed the second town on the isl-
and. Lon. 80° 9' E. Lat. 9° 45' N.
Jaffrey, p-t. Cheshire co. New-Hampshire, 36 m.
S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,336. Here are found red
and yellow ochre, alum, vitriol, and black lead.
A company is incorporated for the manufacture of
earthen ware. Grand Monadnock mountain is in
this town.
Jaffiioo, kingdom of Central Africa, between
Ludamar, Kaarta, and Gedumah.
Jagenagur. See Tippera.
Jagepore, or Jehaspore, t. Hindostan, in Orissa,
on the Byturnee river. Lon. 86° 35' E. Lat. 20°
50' N.
Jagemdorf, or Kanwtvilz, t Silesia, 12 m. N.
W. Troppau, 20 W. Ratibor. Lon. 17° 40' E. Lat.
50° N. Pop. 4,649.
Jagendorf, Gross, v. East Prussia, 30 m. W.
Gumbinnen.
Jaggernat. See Juggemauth.
Jagierdarpore, t. Hind, in Gundwana, on the
Inderowty. Lon. 82° 21' E. Lat. 19° 26' N.
Jagodna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, 50 m. N. N.
W. Nissa, 60 S. S. E. Belgrade. Lon. 20"^ 56' E.
Lat. 44° 15' N.
Jagra, or Giarra, country, W. Africa, S. of the
Gambia.
Jagraam, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 75° E. Lat.
:30° 47' N.
Jagua, settlement, Cuba, 85 m. W. S. W. Ha-
vannah.
Jaguaribe, r. Brazil, which enters the Atlantic,
inlon. 38°10'W. lat. 4° S.
Jahaz, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Moabites, after-
wards assigned to the tribe of Reuben, and by
ihem given to the Levites. It was near Aroer.
Jahde, or Jade, r. Germany, which forms at its
mouth a considerable bay in the North sea, inlon.
8° 12' 43^' E. lat. 53° 20' 45" N.
Jahjou', t. Hind, in Agra, Lon. 77° 52' E. Lat.
26° 69' N.
JAM
347
Jahorlick, r. Russian Poland, forming the S. E
boundary of Podolia, and falling into the Dnies-
ter.
Jaicse, or Jaidscha, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia,
on the Verbas, 25 m. W. S. W. Serajo.
Jajgur, t. and fort, Hind, and cap. of a district
in Ajmeer.
Jaina, or ZTTama, district, St. Domingo.
Jaivier, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna. Lon
78° 28' E. Lat. 25° 9' N.
Jakin, r. Slave coast of Africa, which separates
Ardra from Benin, and falls into the sea at Great
Popo.
Jalknu, or Jalkowitz, t. Bohemia, 6 m. S. E.
Czaslau.
Jallindher, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 25' E.
Lat. 31° 16' N.
Jallonkadoo, country, Africa, of considerable
extent, on the head waters of the Senegal. The
Jallonkas, are governed by a number of petty
chiefs, commonly at enmity with each other. A
great part of the country is a desert.
Jabiah, district. Hind, in Aurungabad, between
19° and 20° N. lat. Jalnah, the capital, is in lon.
76° 34' E. lat. 19° 45' N.
Jaloffs, or Oualoffs, people of Africa, between
the lower part of the Gambia and the Senegal.
They are the handsomest negroes in this part of
Africa. The Jaloffs profess the Mahometan reli-
gion. They are fearless hunters and bi-ave warriors.
Jalooan, t. Hind, in Agra, on the S. side of the
Sind river. Lon. 79° 23' E. Lat. 26° 7' N.
Jalore, fortress Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 72° 56'
E. Lat. 25° 44' N.
Jalore, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, belonging to the ra-
jah of Odeypore. Lon. 74° 20' E. Lat. 24° 47' N.
Jama, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean,
in lat. 7° 30' S.
Jamaica, one of the West India islands belong-
ing to Great Britain. It is of an oval form, about
150 miles long, and, on a medium, 40 broad. Ex-
tent, 6,200 sq. miles. It is divided into three
counties, namely, Middlesex, Surry, and Corn-
wall. A lofty range of mountains runs through
the whole island from E. to VV. dividing it into
two parts, and rising in some of its most elevated
peaks to 7,431 feet above the level of the sea. On
the north side of the island the land rises from
the shore into hills. In the centre, the elevated
mountains are clothed with almost boundless for-
ests. On the S. side, vast plains stretch along the
foot of the mountains, chiefly covered with the
sugar cane. The soil of Jamaica is in some pla-
ces deep and fertile, but the greatest part of the
island is incapable of cultivation. Out of 4,080,000
acres which the island contains, about 2,000,000
have been granted to individuals by patent from
the crown, and not more than 1,000,000 is at pre-
sent under cultivation. Of this number, about
639,000 acres are laid out in sugar plantations,
and 280,000 in breeding farms. — "The legislature
of Jamaica is composed of a governor, of a
council nominated by the crown, consisting of 12
gentlemen, and a house of assembly containing 43
members, who are elected by the freeholders. —
The most important exports are sugar, rum, mo-
lasses, and coffee, and next to these cocoa, cotton,
indigo, pimento, and ginger. The amount of
sugar exported has gradually increased from
11,000 hhds. in 1722 to 140,000 in 1802. In 1791,
the coffee exported amounted to about 600,000
lbs. In 1804, it had increased to 22,000j0001bs.;
34S
JAM
and in 1 807, to 28,500,000 lbs. The whole value
of the exports in 1744, was 600,000/. ; in 1809,
3,033,234i. ; and in 1810, 2,303, 179/. The value
ol the imports in 1809, was 4,068,897/. ; in 1810,
4,303,337/. The population of Jamaica in 1746,
was 112,428 slaves, and about 10,000 whites; in
1812, according to an official return, 319,912
slaves, and the number of whites and free people
of color was estimated at 40,000, making a total
of 359,912: The United Brethren, the Baptists,
and the Methodists employ missionaries in this
island, principally among the negroes. The cen-
tre of the island is inlon. 76° 45' W. lat. 18^ 12' N.
Jamaica, t. Windham co. Vt. 32 m. S. W.
Windsor. Pop. 996.
Jamaica, p-t. Queen's co. on Long-Island, N. Y.
13m.E. New York. Pop. 2,110. The village
contains an academy, and 3 churches.
Jamaica plains, in Roxbury, Mass. 5 m. from
Boston, remarkable for its beautiful scenery and
elegant country seats.
Jambee, district on the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Jambee, the capital, is about 60 m. fr. the sea, on
a river which is navigable for boats. Lon. 103°
39' E. Lat. 1°24'S.
Jamber, small isl. near the W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 10° 21' N.
Jambo, s-p. Iledsjas, in Arabia, 72 m. S. W.
Medina.
Javiboo. See Jumboo.
Jamburg, t. Eu. Russia, 76 m. S. W. St. Pe-
tersburgh. Lon. 28° 50' E. Lat. 59° 26' N.
James Bay, baj-^, at the most southern pai't
of Hudson's Bay, with which it communicates.
It contains several islands, among which are Bear,
Viners, Charleton, and Agomisco islands. Michi-
picaton river, which falls into lake Superior, has
its source towards this bay, from whence there is
said to be but a short portage to Moose ri-ver, which
falls into James bay.
James city, co. Va. between Chickahominy and
James rivers. Pop. 4,094. Slaves, 2,320. Chief
town, Williamsburg.
James city, p-t. Madison co. Va.
James creek, r, Del. which runs into Delaware
bay, 11m. below Hook island.
James, Fort, fort, Barbadoes, near Bridgetown.
James, Fort, t. W. Africa, cap. of the English
settlements on the Gambia, on a bank in the mid-
dle of the river.
James Island, on the coast of S. C lies on the S.
side of Ashley river, opposite Charleston. It is
separated from John's island on the W. by Stono
river. Here is a Presbyterian church. Fort
Johnston is on this island.
James River, Virginia, rises in the valley on the
E. side of the Alleghany mountains, and breaking
through the Blue Ridge, pursues a course S. of E.
and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake
bay. A 40 gun ship can ascend as far as James-
town ; vessels of 250 tons to Warwick, and those
of 125 tons to Rockets, a mile below Richmond.
At this city, the navigation was formerly inter-
rupted by the Great Falls, which in 7 miles de-
, scend 43 feet ; but a canal around them is now
completed, which makes the river navigable 230
miles further for boats drawing 12 inches water.
The Board of Public Works in Virginia have re-
ported in favor of a canal to connect James river
with the Ohio. Such a canal, they suppose,
would have many advantages over the Grand ca-
nal in New York, and would divert much of the
JAM
trade ol the western country to the porta of Vir»
ginia.
Jamestown, t. Newport co. R. 1, comprising
Canonicut island, 3 m. W. Newport, 30 S. Provi-
dence. Pop. 504. It is 8 miles long, and 1 broad.
At the S. end is Beavertail light-house.
Jamestown, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y.
Jamestown, p-t. Prince Edward co. Va. 12 m.
N. E. of the Court-house.
Jamestown, p-t. Guilford co. N. C.
Jamestown, t. James city co. Va. on a peninsula,
on the N. side of James river, 32 m. from its
mouth, 8 m. S. S. W. Williamsburg. It was foun-
ded in 1608, and is the oldest EngUsh settlement
in the U. S. It is now in ruins, and in 1777 con-
tained only one family.
Jamestown, v. Green co. Ohio.
Jameses Town, t. Barbadoes, on the W. side of
the island.
Jamesville, p-v. in Manlius, Onondaga co. N. Y.
4 m. E. Onondaga hollow.
Jamesville, p-v. Clarendon co. S. C.
Jamnits, or Gemnice, t. Moravia, 26 m. W. N.
W. Znaym. Lon. 15° 28' E. Lat. 48° 59' N.
Pop. 1,100.
Jamtland, province, Sweden, bordering on Nor-
way, between 62° and 65° N. lat. Extent 10,000
sq. miles. Pop. about 26,000.
Janagur, t. Hind, in Gujerat, on the BanasS
river. ^Lon. 71° 17' E. Lat. 23° 35' N.
Janeiro, Rio de, a jurisdiction of Brazil, bound-
ed N. by the province of Espiritu Santo, E. and
S. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. by Minas Ge-
raes. It is of an extremely fertile soil, and pro-
duces sugar in great abundance.
Janeiro, Rio de, city, S. America, and capital of
Brazil, is on a river of the same name, at the
head of a large bay, near the foot of several high
mountains which rise behind it. The houses
are generally built of stone or brick, and the streets
are straight, well paved, and have excellent
foot-paths. The harbor is one of the finest known,
for capaciousness and security. The entrance,
which is about a mile wide, is bounded on one
side by a lofty inclining conical hill, and on the
other by the huge mass of granite which supports
the castle of Santa Cruz. Near tlxe middle lies a
small island on which Fort Lucia is built. Though
at first narrow, it gradually widens to about three
or four miles, and has an excellent muddy bottom.
This city is the chief mart of Brazil, and espe-
cially of the provinces of Minas Geraes, St.
Paul's, Goyaz, and Cuyaba. Since the emigra-
tion of the court of Portugal to Brazil, this ex-
tensive country has been opened to the commerce
of Great Britain. Janeiro appears to be already
reaping the fruits of this liberal system. Its pop-
ulation has increased, and every thing indicates
the thriving condition of the place. The city is
gi-adually extending, by the erection of public
and private buildings. The population is vari-
ously estimated. According to Mr. Mawe's esti-
mate, including the negroes, the most numerous
class, it amounts to 100,000. Lon. 42° 1' 30" W.
Lat. 22° 56' S.
Janeiro, r. Brazil, which falls into the bay at
the head of which tlie city of Rio Janeiro is sit-
uated.
Jani-Kaleh. See Jenikaleh.
Jank, t. Hungary, 34 m. N. W. Szathmar. Lon.
22° 30' 1 3" E. Lat. 47° 55' N.
Janoahy in Sac. Geog. place, Palestine, on the
JAP
borders of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, 12
m. E. Shechem.
Janouicz, t. Bohemia, 30 m. S. S. W. Pilsen.
Lon. 13° 8' E. Lat. 49° 19' N.
JanowitSy v. Silesia, 9 m from Hirschberg.
JanriUe^ t. France, in Eure-and-Loir, 21 m. S.
E. Chartres.
Janze, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 5 ra. S.
Chateau. Pop. 3,5tH).
Jansi, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78° 57' E. Lat.
15° 32' N.
Japan, an extensive empire, consisting of sever-
al large islands, at the eastern extremity of Asia.
The principal of these is Niphon, which is 700
miles long. The next two are Sikokf and Kiu-siu,
the former SO miles long, the latter 200. The
large island of Jesso, immediately N. of Niphon, has
been colonized and governed by Japan, though it
is scarcely reckoned an integral part of the em-
pire. The extent of the three original islands
may be computed at 90,000 square miles. This
great empire has long rejected almost all commu-
nication with Europeans, The general aspect of
these islands is rugged and irregular, bristling
with mountains, rocks, and hills. The coast is
rocky and precipitous ; the sea which surrounds it
is full of shallows and whirlpools, and subject to
violent tempests ; so that there are few parts of
the coast which can be approached with safety.
Volcanoes and earthquakes are felt in every part
of the empire, often to a desolating extent. The
minerals are copper, which is the principal arti-
cle of export ; coal in sufficient quantities to sup-
ply the islands with fuel ; gold and sulphur, in
abundance. Pearls are found almost in the whole
circuit of the island of Sikokf. The principal
vegetables are the rhvs vernix, or varnish tree,
affording a milky juice, with which the na-
tives varnish, or, as we call it, japan, all their
household furniture, dishes and plates. The mul-
berry tree, the tea shrub, the laurel and camphor
tree, are very common. Among cultivated vege-
tables, rice takes the lead, and forms the main ar-
ticle of subsistence tliroughout the empire. Agri-
culture is carried to the same perfection as in
China. The government presents a striking
anomaly in the combined dominion of a spiritual and
temporal ruler. The former, called the Dairi,
was the sole original sovereign, and was regarded
by his subjects almost as a divinity. At the end of
the 16th century, however, one of his generals
seized the whole secular power, and left to the
Dairi only a shadow of dominion. The Dairi re-
aides in the imperial city of Meaco, and has the
revenue of it and the surrounding district allotted
to him for the support of his establishment. The
secular emperor resides in pomp at Jeddo. His
revenues have been estimated at the sum of
28,000,000 /. but they are paid chiefly in produce.
The army maintained by the emperor is stated at
100,000 foot and 20,000 horse. Japan, however,
is seldom engaged in foreign war. When the dy-
nasty of Zingis conquered China, they fitted out a
great armament, and invaded Japan, but were
completely repulsed by that brave people. En-
ergy, pride, and a lofty sense of honour, form prom-
inent features in the character of the Japanese.
Although no regular form of liberty exists, there
yet prevails a spirit of independence, and force of
public opinion, which deters the rulers from any
flagrant injustice. The Japanese are intelligent
and inquisitive, and acquire knowledge with great
faciKty. They possess ttie arts -of printing and en-
JAR
349
graving, though in a style much inferior to that of
Europe.
The history of their own country is written by
them very carefully. Poetry is a favourite pursuit,
and they are passionately fond of music. They have
extensive works on botany and zoology, and have
translated sevci'al European works. The princi-
pal manufactures are silk and cotton, and lacquer-
ed ware, which from them we call japanned ware.
The foreign commerce of Japan is carried on only
with the Dutch and Chinese. That of the Dutch
is confined to the single port of Nangasaki in the
island of Kiu-siu, and is embarassed by so many re-
strictions, that it is not very profitable. The
Japanese are particularly jealous of the English
and Russians. They believe the encroachments
of the Russians along the northern, and of the
English along the southern coast of Asia, to have
the subjugation of Japan for their main and ulti-
mate object.
Japara, s-p. on the N. coast of the island of Java,
and a great commercial mart of the Europeans.
It was among the first establishments of the Dutch
in the Eastern seas. Lon. 110° 54' E. Lat. 6°
28' S.
Jaquemel, t. Hispaniola. Lon. 13° 24' E. Lat,
18° 17' N.
Jaqueniel, Cape, cape, Hispaniola. Lon. 12P
25'W. Lat. 18°14'N.
Jaques, r. New Brunswick, which runs into the
river St. John, in lon. 67° 36' W. lat. 46° 54' N.
Jaques, or James, r. Missouri Territory, which
joins the N. side of the river Missouri, in lat. 42*^
53' N. 950 miles from its mouth.
Jaques Cartier. See Jacques Cartier.
Jaquesy, settlement, St. Domingo, 13 m. E. S. E.
Cape Francois.
Jaquet Point, the N. extremity of the island of
Dominica.
Jaransk, t. Russia, in Viatka, on the Wyscheg-
da, 93 m. S. S. W. Viatka. Pop. 5,000.
Jardin, Bon, v. Brazil, in Paraiba, 70 m. from
Pernambuco.
Jardines, Los, small islands, near the S. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 81° 50' W. Lat. 21° 18' N.
Jardin del Rey, small isles, near the N. cocist of
Cuba. Lon. 78° W. Lat. 22° 15' N.
Jaretta, La, one of the largest rivers in Sicily,
which falls into the gulf of Catania, 6 m. S. Ca-
tania.
Jargeau, or Gergcau, t. France, in Loiret, on
the Loire, 9 m. S, by E. Orleans.
Jarmeritz, t. Moravia, 19 m. N. by W. Znaym,
Pop. 1,500.
Jarmuth, in Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of Ju-
dah, 10 m. S. W. Jerusalem.
Jarmtc, or Jarnac-Charente, t. France, on the
Charente, 7 m. E. Cognac, 18 N. W. Angouleme.
Jarnac Champagne, t. France, in Lower Cha-
rente, 6 m. S. E. Saintes.
Jaromirz, t. Bohetnia, at the confluence of the
Aupa and the Elbe, 71 m. E. N. E. Prague.
Jaron, t. Persia, in Fars, 80 m. S. Shiras.
Jaroslav, city, Eu. Russia, capital of a govern-
ment of the same name, is on the Wolga, 146
m. N. N. E. Moscow, 360 E. S. E. St. Petersburg.
Its manufactures of linen, silk, and Russia
leather, are on a large scale ; and here is a noted
bell foundry. Peter the Great founded its manu-
factures ; but they were brought to perfection
chiefly by John Ernest, duke of Courland, who
resided here for many years. Pop. 19,00(1 Lon.
40° 10' E. Lat. 57° 37' N.
360
J A V
Jaroslav, government, Eu. Russia, bounded N.
by Vologda, E. by Kostroma, S. by Vladimir, and
W. by Tver, and lying between 37° 45' and 41"
15' E. Ion. and 56° 44' and 58° 52' N. lat. Extent,
14,000 sq. miles. Pop. 800,000.
JarosUnc, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, on the
San, 48 m. W. N. W. Lemberg, 110 E. Cracow.
Pop. 7,000.
Jarovincu, v. Turkey, in Albania, 7 m. E. Del-
vinaki.
JarrOy t. Africa, in Ludamar, 26 m. W. Be-
nowni.
Jarrie, La, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m.
S. E. La Rochelle, 14 N. Rochefort.
Jarse, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 17 m. N.
E. Angers. Pop. 1,500.
Jasenits, v. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
where the Oder issues from the Frische Haf ; 10
m. N. Stettin.
Jasianowka, t. Russian Lithuania, in Grodno,
17 m. N. byW. Bialystock.
Jask, t. Persia, in Mekran. Lon. 57° 40' E.
Lat. 25° 30' N.
Jaslo, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, at the
confluence of the Jasiel and the Wistoka, 72 m. S.
S. W. Sendomir.
Jasmundy peninsula of the island of Rugen, in
the Baltic.
Jasoun, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on the Black
sea, 75 m. N. E. Samsoun.
Jasper, formerly Randolph, co. Geo. on the E.
side of the Oakmulgee. Pop. 7,573. Slaves,
1,821. Chief town, Monticello.
Jassy, i. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, the residence
of the hospodar or prince, and the see of the
Greek archbishop or metropolitan of the prov-
ince. It was formerly a place of great size, but at
present it is in a ruinous state. Jassy has been
frequently taken by the Russians, but, as yet, al-
"ways restored at the conclusion of peace. 200 m.
E. Oczakow, 370 N. Constantinople. Lon. 27°
30' 15" E. Lat. 47° 8' 30" N. Pop. about 15,000.
Jastrow, t. West Prussia, 67 m. W. Culm. Pop.
2,500.
Jasshereny, t. Hungary, on the Sadwa, 38 m.
E.Pest. Lon. 19° 24' E. Lat. 47° 29' N. Pop.
12,000.
Jauer, fortified t. Silesia, on the river Jauer, 16
xa. N. W. Schweidnitz, 31 W. Breslau. Pop.
3,600.
Jauemik, t. Austrian Silesia, in Troppau. Pop.
1,950.
Jauflione, r. Missouri, which runs into the Mis-
sissippi, in lat. 39° 26' N.
Jaujac, or Jaulnac, t. France, on the Alignon,
in Ard^che, 15 m. S. W. Privas. Pop. 1,500.
Jaujemou, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Ganges.
Lon. 80° 25' E. Lat. 26° 25' N.
Jaulnais, t. France, in Vienne, 6 m. N. Poitiers.
Jaurv, V. Brazil, in the province of Matto-
Grosso, which rises in the plains of Parexis, in
lon, 58° 30' W. lat. 1 4° 42' S. It runs S. and falls
into the Paraguay on the W. side, in lat. 16° 24' S.
On its banks are salt-pits, from which the prov-
ince of Matto-Grosso derives large supplies of
salt.
Jauzierts, t. France, in Lower Alps, 4 m. N. E.
Barcelonette. Pop. 2,200.
Java, large isl. in the Eastern seas, between 6°
and 9° S.lat. and 105° and 115° E. lon. 642 miles
long fi-om E. to W, and on an average 96 broad.
To the N. W. lies Sumatra, from which Java is
separated by the Straits of Sunda. The island is
J A X
divided nearly in its whole length by a vayge of
mountains, running E. and W. and rising to their
greatest elevation towards the centre. The north-
ern coast is low and swampy, intersected by %
great number of rivers and fine bays ; whereas,
the south coast, as far as it has been explored, risea
into high and rugged hills, and is almost inaccessi-
ble. The climate along the northern coast is hot
and sultry ; at Batavia, the thermometer seldom
falls below 76° of Fahrenheit. But in the moun-
tainous districts it frequently descends to 60° and
in some places to 50°. All the productions of Eu-
rope, hardly one of which will flourish below, are
in these districts cultivated with success. Java
possesses a soil of extraordinary fertility. It con-
sists generally of a pure vegetable mould, resting
on clay or argillaceous iron-stone, or coarse lime-
stone, of a loose and porous texture. In no part
of the world is vegetation so richly luxuriant, or
the wants of man so easily supplied. The staple
produce is rice, which is cultivated nearly the
whole length of the northern coast, many miles in
breadth, and is brought to Batavia, and exported
in great quantities. Sugar, to the amount of 10
millions of pounds annually, is made, as well for
the consumption of the island as for exportation.
Most of the sugar mills are kept and worked by
the Chinese. Pepper is produced in great abun-
dance and perfection. Indigo of a very superior
quality is also produced here. Cotton is cultiva-
ted in almost every part of the island. The cof-
fee plantations are extremely luxuriant. The
population of Java has been variously estimated :
by a census, said to haA'e been taken by the Dutch
governor, in 1808, it is stated at 3,000,000; and by
the latest surveys of the British, at 5,000,000.
The inhabitants are chiefly composed of Java-
nese ; the Malays also form a large class ; and on
the coasts and in the seaports, there is a consider-
able proportion of Chinese. — The professed reli-
gion of both the Malays and Javanese is Mahom-
etanism, but they seem to be very careless of its
rites. Few of them obey the laws of their pi'oph-
et in abstaining from wine. The Chinese in Java
were severely taxed by the Dutch; notwithstand-
ing which, they always found means, from their
habits of industry, not only to pay the tribute im-
posed on them, but to accumulate wealth. Many
of them carry on a very considerable trade with
their native country. In all the principal towns,
they are the great capitalists. This island was
taken by the English, under Sir Samuel Auch-
mutty, in 1811, but it has been restored to the
Dutch.
Java Head, the W. point of the island of Java,
Lon. 104°50'E. Lat, 6°47'S.
Javan, in Sac, Geog. the name given by the He-
brews to the country of Greece,
Java Sea, that part of the Eastern Indian sea,
which lies between the island of Java to the S.
Sumatra to the W, the islands of Banca, Billiton,
and Borneo to the N. and the island of Celebes to
theE.
Javka, t, Eu, Russia, in Cherson, 27 m. N. N.
W. Ovidiopol, 34 S. E. Tiraspol,
Javron, t. France, in Mayenne, 5 m. N. N. W.
Vilaine.
Jaworow, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 25 m.
W. Lemberg. Pop. 4,000.
Jaworsno, t. Poland, 30 m. S. W^arsaw.
Jaxarles. See Sihon.
Jaxt, V. Germany, in Wirtemberg, which runs
into the Neckar, opposite Wimpfea.
JED
J E F
351
Jaxt, one of the four circles into which the
kingdom of Wirtemberg was divided in 1818.
Jaxtberg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 31 m. S.
Wurzburg.
Jai/, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Androscog-
gin, 20 m. N. E. Paris.
Jai/, t. Orleans co. Vt. 48 m. N. Montpelier.
Pop. 28.
Jay, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. 24 m. W. Peru bay, in
lake Champlain, 141 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1,164.
Jayme, San, city, S. America, in the Caraccas,
and province of Varinas, 180 m. S. by W. of the
city of Caraccas. Lon. 68° 10' W. Lat. 7°
49' N.
Jaypoint, p-t. Oxford co. Maine.
Jay pore. See Jyenagur.
Jazer, in Sac. Geog. t. in the country E. of Jor-
dan, in the tribe of Gad.
Jazira, or Algezira, territory, A. Turkey, be-
tween the Euphrates and Tigris, containing part
of Bagdad and Diarbekir.
Jasyga, a small territory in the E. of Hungary,
adjacent to the palatinate of Pest. Extent, 360
sq. miles. Pop. 43,000.
Jean Rabel, t. St. Domingo, in lat. 19° 55' N.
and lon. 73° 7' VV. 4 leagues E. of the Mole, 32 W.
Cape Francois. Jean Rabel point forms a good
anchorage.
Jebel Ocrab. See Cassius mount.
Jebel Totosa, mt. Syria, near the S. coast of the
bay of Alexandretta, 20 m. S. VV. Alexandretta.
Jebenhausen, v. Wirtemberg, near Goppingen.
Pop. 2,400.
Jebna, t. Palestine, on the site of the ancient
Gath, 10 m. S. Jaffa.
Jecke, r. Netherlands, which falls into the
Maese at Maestricht.
Jed, r. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. which falls
into the Teviot, about 2 m. below Jedburgh.
Jedburgh, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
Roxburgh co. is on the N. bank of the Jed. It
was formerly a place of strength, and one of the
chief towns on the English border, but declined
after the union of the two kingdoms. It has late-
ly revived, the woollen manufacture having been
established here in 1770. Within the last ten or
twelve years more especially, great improve-
ments have taken place. Pop. in 1813, 2,827. 1 1
m. W. Kelso, 45 S. Edinburgh.
Jedo, or Jeddo, a great city of Japan, and one
of the capitals of the empire, being the residence
of the Kubo Saraa, or civil and military ruler.
Meaco, the residence of the spiritual emperor,
was the original capital, and is still in some de-
gree considered as such ; but since the Kubo Sa-
ma has fixed his residence at Jedo, that city has
far eclipsed the other in magnitude aiid splendor.
Its magnificence is not probably surpassed by that
of any city in Asia. All the princes and great
men are obliged to make it their residence for
half the year. It contains, therefore, many splendid
palaces, which stand by themselves, surrounded
by large court yards and stately gates. All these
are eclipsed, however, by the palace of the em-
peror, which is surrounded with walls and ditches,
and contains several fortified buildings, that have
the appearance of castles. The centre of the in-
closure contains the palace or residence of the
emperor. Behind the palace are gardens and
orchards of great extent and beauty. The
city is said to be seven miles long, five broad, and
twenty in circumference. It stands on a great
bay at the mouth of a large river. Besides being
the residence of the monarch, Jedo is the seat of
an extensive commerce, and contains many flour-
ishing manufactures. Lon. 140° E. Lat. 36° 30'
N. Pop. estimated at 1,000,000.
Jedrseioiv, t. Poland, 43 m. N. by E. Ci^acow.
Jefferson, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 28 m. N. E.
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,205.
Jefferson, p-t. Coos co. N. H. 77 m. N. Concord.
Pop. 200.
Jefferson, co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario and the riv-
er St. Lawrence, bounded E. by St. Lawrence
and Lewis cos. and ,S. by Oswego co. Pop. 15,144.
Chief town, Watertown.
Jefferson, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 20 m. S. W.
Schoharie, 48 S. of W. Albany. Pop. 1,740. It is on
the height of land between Mohawk river, and the
Susquehannah and Delaware rivers.
Jefferson, t. Morris co, N. J. Pop. 1,281.
Jefferson, co. in the N. W. part of Pa. Pop. 161.
Jefferson, p-t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,114.
J^erson, co. Va. on the Potomac. Pop. 11,851.
Slaves, 3,532. Chief town, Charlestown.
Jefferson, co. Geo. on Ogechee river. Pop,
6,111. Slaves, 2,336. Chief town, Louisville.
Jefferson, p-t. and cap. Camden co. Geo. on the
S. side of Satilla river, 50 m. S. W. Darien, 20 N.
St. Mary's.
Jefferson, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Geo.
Jefferson, co. Alabama.
Jefferson, co. Mississippi, on the river Mississip-
pi. Pop. in 1816, 4,906. Slaves, 2,358. Chief
town, Greenville.
Jefferson, co. East-Tennessee, on the S. side of
the Holston. Pop. 7,309. Slaves, 783. Chief
town, Dandridge.
Jefferson, p-t. Rutherford co. Tennessee.
Jefferson, co. Ken. on Ohio river Pop. 13,399..
Slaves, 3,347. Chief town, Louisville.
Jefferson, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. in
1815, 15,000. Chief town, Steubenrille.
Jefferson, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. N. Steu-
benville.
Jefferson, t. Adams co. Ohio.
Jefferson, p-t. and cap. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10
m. N. from Lake Erie, 35 N. Warren. ;
Jefferson, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Colum-
bus. Pop. in 1819, 440.
Jefferson, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. N. E. Cam-
bridge.
Jefferson, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 540,
Jefferson, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami,
10 m. below Dayton.
Jefferson, t. Madison co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Muskingum co.,Ohio, on Muskingum
river, 12 m. above Zanesville.
Jefferson, p-t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. S. Cir-
cleville, 28 from Columbus.
Jefferson, t. Preble. co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 5 m.
below Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,535.
Jefferson, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 10 m.
above Portsmouth.
Jefferson, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. in
1815, 4,093. Chief town, Madison.
Jefferson, co. Illinois.
Jefferson, co. Missouri.
Jefferson, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Jefferson, r. Missouri Territory, which risefe
among the Rocky mountains, and unites with
Gallatin sml Madi-^rtn rivrr"^. to form the Missouri
3^
JEN
J li R
J^ersonion, p-v. Culpeper co. V'a.
Jeffersonton, p-v. Ashe co. N. C.
Jeffersontown, p-t. Jefferson co. Ken.
Jeffersonville, t. Tazewell co. Va. 55 m. N. W.
Inglesville, 135 from Cumberland gap.
Jeffersonville, p-t. Clarke co. Indiana, on Ohio
river, just above the falls, and opposite Louisville,
Ken. The town is situated on elevated ground,
commanding a fine view of the river and its banks.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, land-
office, and market-house. Pop. in 1819, about 500.
Below the town is a fine harbour for boats. It is
expected that a canal will be made round the falls,
commencing above this place. Should this canal
be formed, Jeffersonville will become a place of
importance,
Jeffrey^s creek, r, S. C. which runs into the
Great Pedee.
Jeffrey'' s ledge, a sand bank on the coast of Mass.
between Cape Ann and Casco bay. Lon. 69° 31'
W. Lat. 4309'N.
Jeffrie's store, p-v. Nottaway co. Va.
Jefremov, t. Russia, 73 m. S. by E. Tula. Fop.
2,200.
Jegun, t. France, in Gers, 11 m. N. W. Auch.
Lon. 0° 32' E. Lat. 43° 45' N. Pop. 2,100.
Jefianagore, t. Bengal, on Hoogly river, 3 m. W.
Nuddeah.
Jejury, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 17' E.
Lat. I80 16' N.
Jekil-Irmak, (an. Iris,) r. Asia Minor, which
falls into the Black sea at Samsoon.
Jekyl. SeeJykill.
Jelalabad, city of Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon.
69° 46' E. Lat. 34° 6' N.
Jelatma. See Elatnia.
Jelesenskaia-crepost, fort in Tobolsk, A. Russia,
on the right bank of the Irtysch. Lat. 53° 51' N.
Jellasir, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78° 13' E. Lat.
27° 30' N.
Jellasore, t. Bengal, on the Subaureeka. Lon.
87° 25' E. Lat. 21° 50' N.
Jellinghy, t. Bengal, on a branch of the Ganges.
Lon. 88° 42' E. Lat. 24° 8' N.
Jelna, t. Russia, 42 m. E. by S. Smolensk©.
Jelschau. See Jolsva.
Jelton lake. See Elton.
Jeltsch, Upper and Lower, v. Silesia, on the
Oder, 3 m. E. S. E. Breslau.
Jemappe, p-v. Caroline co. Va.
Jemappes. See Gemappe.
Jemarroic, territory, W. Africa, on the S. bank
of the Gambia, 120 m. from the sea.
Jemaulabad, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75°
24' E. Lat. 13° N.
Jemba, small r. A. Russia, which falls into the
Caspian sea, in lon. 54° 3' E. lat. 46° 57' N.
Jemlah, district, Hindostan, between 30° and
31° N. lat.
Jemme, el, (an. Tisdra,) t. Tunis, in Africa, 90
m. S. Tunis.
Jemmingem, or Jemgum, t. East Friesland, 8 m.
S. E. Emden.
Jemnits. See Jamnitz.
Jemptland. See Jamtland.
Jena, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Saxe-
Weimar, on the Saale, celebrated for its univerei-
ty. Like other German universities, it has four
faculties, divinity, law, medicine, and philosophy,
which are taught by 18 regular and 15 extraor-
dinary professors : there are besides, 10 or 12
private teachers in the town. The number of
student' in 1818. was about eOO. 43 m. S. W,
Leipsic, 13 E. by S. Weimar. Lon. 11°37'E-
Lat. 50° 56' N. Pop. 5,000. Jena has acquired
notoriety as the scene of the great battle of the
14th October, 1806, which by one fatal blow, over-
threw the Prussian monarchy.
Jende, lake, Eu. Russia, in Finland, which com-
municates with the gulf of Finland.
Jcneahgur,or Jagneh, t. and celebrat ed fortress,
Hind, in Bejapore, or Auruugabad. Lon. 73° 45'
E. Lat. 20° 15' N.
Jenghije, v. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, 12 m. N.
W. Bagdad.
Jenhat, district. Hind, in Lahore. Chief town,
Gujerat.
Jessaul, district. Hind, in Lahore, between 31^
and 32° N. lat.
Jenikaleh, fortress, Eu. Russia, in the govern-
ment of Taurida, on the nax'rowest part of the
strait of Taman, which connects the aea of Azoph
with the Black sea. 90 m. E. Levkopol. Lon.
36° 25' E. Lat. 45° 21' N.
Jenisza, or Jenidsche Vardar, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Macedon, on a lake which communicates with the
gulf of Salonica, by a canal 12 miles long. It was
the ancient Pella, and the bii-th-place of Alexander
the Great. 24 m. V^. N. W. Salonica, 20 E.
Edessa. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat. 40° 48' N. Pop.
6,000.
Jenkin's Bay, bay of the island of St. Eustatius,
where the French troops landed in 1781, when
they took the island.
Jenkintown, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa. 11 m. N-
Philadelphia.
Jenne, city. Central Africa, on the Niger, 125
m. N. E. Sego.
Jenner, p-t. Somerset co. Pa.
Jennings, co. Indiana. Chief town, Vernon.
Jenning''s Island, small isl. in the gulf of Flori-
da, near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 80° 28
W. Lat. 25° 28' N.
Jeremie, t. St. Domingo, on the W. side of the
bay of Leogane, 1 1 leagues N. Port a Piment, and
8 E. Cape Dame Marie. Point Jeremie lies in
lon. 73° 7' W. Lat. 18° 42' 30" N.
Jericho, ancient city, Judea, celebrated in scrip-
ture history. It is now a poor dirty village, per-
petually exposed to be plundered by the Arabs.
It is situated, however, in the midst of a fine pas-
toral plain, watered by the Jordan, and which
produces in abundance the celebrated medicine of
the balm of Gilead. 18 m. E. N. E. Jerusalem.
Jericho, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion river,.
12 m.E. Burlington. Pop. 1,185.
Jericho, p-v. in Oyster-baj', N. Y.
Jericho. See Bainhridge.
Jerichow, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 3m.
N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Jerim, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 80 m. N. E. Mo-
cha.
Jemiah. See Germa.
Jermuk, (an. Hieromax,) r. Syria, which falls
into the S. part of the lake of Tiberias.
Jeromestown, Indian v. Wayne co. Ohio.
Jeromesville, p-t. Wayne co. Ohio. 15 m. W.
Wooster.
Jersey, t. Steuben co. (N. Y.) E. of Bath.
Jersey city, or Paulus Hook, p-t. Bergen co. N. J.
on the Hudson, opposite New- York, 9 E. Newark,
29 E. Morristown.
Jersey, Isle of, a thriving and very populous isl-
and in the English channel, 17 miles from the
French coast. It is 12 miles long, and on an ave-
rage 5 broad. Extent, 40,000 acres, or 62^ square
J E R
J E R
353
miles. Pop. in 1806, 22,855. A barrier of rocks
nearly encircles the whole island. The climate is
exceedingly mild, the soil fertile, and the situation
well adapted to commerce. The principal pro-
duction is cider, of which 24,000 hhds. are made
annually. The inhabitants, thoug;h nominally
subject to England, are really free : they make
their own laws, are exempt from naval and milita-
ry service, and from the dominion of the English
church ; have the benefit of a free poi't, and trade
with the enemies of England, even in time of
war ; above all, they are free from the taxes with
which the mother country is loaded. In 1812,
59 vessels, altogether of 6,000 tons burden, and
navigated by 550 seamen, belonged to the island.
The island having been occupied as a great milita-
ry depot, various fortresses have been erected on
it. I'he coast is also defended by a chain of mar-
tello towers, and by numerous redoubts and bat-
teries. Lon. of St. Aubin, 2° 11' W. Lat 49°
13' N.
Jersey shore, p-t. Lycoming co. Pa. on the W.
branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. W. Williams-
port, 55 N. W. Sunbury.
Jersey town, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Jervis'' Bay, bay, New Holland, in lat. 35° S.
Jervis' Canal,in\ei on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lat. 49° 40' N.
Jervis, Cape, point, on the S. coast of New Hol-
land, opposite Kangarou island.
Jerusalem, an ancient and celebrated city of
Asia, capital of the ancient Judea, and the mod-
ern Palestine. It is supposed to be the Salem men-
tioned in Genesis ; but when the Israelites entered
the land of Canaan, it was called Jebus, from the
Jebusites, whose capital it was, and who were not
completely expelled, till the reign of David. That
monarch made Jerusalem the capital of his king-
dom. Solomon, on succeeding to the throne, sur-
rounded it with stronger and better walls, and
adorned the interior with that temple, the splen-
dour of which was so much admired in the ancient
world. On the separation of the kingdoms, after
the death of Solomon, Jerusalem became the capi-
tal of Judah, till A. C. 417, when Nebuchadnezzar
put an end to the kingdom, and carried king Jehoi-
achin captive to Babylon. The second temple built
by Cyrus, was finished A. C.515. During the reign
of Tiberias, Jerusalem was rendered memorable by
the death and resurrection of our Lord and Sav-
iour Jesus Christ, who was crucified on Friday,
April 3d, at 3 o'clock P. M. on Mount Calvary, a
hill on the N. side of the city. The city was taken
and destroyed by Titus, A. D. 70. At the siege,
according to Josephus, 97,000 prisoners lisll into
the hands of the conqueror, 11,000 perished with
hunger, and the whole number slain and taken
prisoners, during the war, was 1,460,000. In
130, Adrian erected on its ruins a Roman town,
which he called Aelia Capitolina. This name re-
mained till, by the conversion of Constantine,
Christianity became the ruling religion of the Ro-
man empire. Jerusalem then resumed its original
name, and became an object of pious veneration.
The empress Helena, at the advanced age of eigh-
ty, repaired to the holy city, and caused a hand-
some fabric to be erected, called the church of the
holy sepulchre, which was supposed to include all
the spots connected with the crucifixion and en-
tombment of our Saviour. As the empire became
more generally Christian, Jerusalem became the
resort of numerous pilgrims of all descriptions, sex-
es, ages, and nations. In 636, it fell into the hands
oixbe f^aracens. who allowed the Christians tore-
4.5
sort thither as formerly, upon the paym^t of a
considerable tax ; so that Jerusalem was nearly
as much frequented as ever, till the inroad of the
Turks, in 1076. The Turks committed such outra-
ges on the pilgrims, that they could no longer visit,
the holy sepulchre in safety. The report of these
violences being carried to Europe, produced the
Crusades ; the first result of which was, to wrest
Jerusalem from the hands of the infidels. It was
taken in 1099, by the army under Godfrey of Bou-
illon, and was ruled during • upwards of sixty
years, by five Latin kings, when it yielded to the
arms of Saladin. After changing successively its
Moslem masters, it was annexed to the Turkish
empire, of which it still forms a part. Under the
dominion of the Turks, it appears to be in a
state of gradual decline. It has been exposed at
once to the oppression of the Pachas and the im-oads
of the Arabs. Dr. Clarke, however, in his recent
visit, by no means found it to present that aspect of
desolation which some travellers have reported. On
obtaining the first view of it in the approach from
the north, instead of a wretched and ruined town,
he beheld a flourishing and stately meti'opolisj,
presenting a magnificent assemblage of domes,
towers, palaces, churches, and monasteries ; all of
which,glittering in the sun's rays,shone with incon-
ceivable splendour. The streets of Jerusalem are
cleaner than those of any other city of the Levant ;
but like all of them, are very nan-ow. The
houses are lofty, and as no windows appear on any
of the lower stories, and those above are latticed,
the passage appears to be between blank walls.
The present population is estimated, though by
vague conjecture, at 20,000 or 30,000. The most
splendid edifice which the city now contains, is
the mosque, erected in the seventh century, by
the caliph Omar. It appeared to Dr. Clarice su-
perior to any example of modern architecture in
the Turkish empire, even to the celebrated
mosque of St. Sophia. It is built upon the site of
the temple. The edifice, which has always been
the object of visitation and respect to Christian pil-
grims, is the church of the holy sepulchre. Al-
though this place, however, has been so long re-
vered and visited by Christian pilgrims, an em-
inent modern traveller seems to have proved that
it cannot possibly have been the theatre of the
great events which have been so often commemo-
rated upon it. It is certain there is not the least
trace of a hill, such as Calvary is described to be,
the ground being entirely plain, except the small
rise of about 20 steps leading up to the altar, the
supposed scene of crucifixion. The sacred scenes
which Jerusalem presents,have rendered it long the
abode of numerous monks. These consisted origi-
nally of various nations and professions, each of
which had a quarter assigned to it ; but the num-
ber has of late been reduced to four, the Latins,
Greeks, Armenians,, and Copt^. Each fraternity has
altars and a sanctuary specially allotted to theirown
use. The manufactures of Jerusalem are confined
almost exclusively to one branch, that of beads,
crosses, shells, and other objects, supposed to de-
rive sanctity from their local origin. Lon. 35°
20' E. Lat. 31' 47' 47" N.
Jerusalem, called also Africaner's Kraal, and
Peace Mountain, a station of the London Mission-
ary Society, in Namaquoland, in S. Africa.
Jerusalem, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 20 m. S. Canan-
daigua, 18 from Geneva. Pop. 450. This town
is the chief residence of the followers of Jemims
Wilkinson.
Jerrtsalem, f-v. in Boi^.ton, N. Y.
354
JIB
Jerusalem. See Funkstown.
Jerusalem, p-t. Southampton co. Va. on Notta-
•way river, 32 m. S. Petersburg, 76 S. Richmond.
Jesi, t, Italy, in Marca d'Ancona, on the river
Esino, 23 m. N. E. Loretto, 16 W. S. W. Ancona.
Lon. 13°10'E. Lat. 40^31' N. Pop. 5,000. It is
the see of a bishop.
JesselmerCy district, Hind, in Ajmeer, about 28°
N. lat. Jesselmere, the capital, is in Ion. 72° 16'
E. lat. 27° 44' N.
Jessen, t. Saxony, on the Black Elster, 56 m.
W. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,000.
Jessnits, t. Germany, in the duchy of Anhalt-
Bessau, 30 m. N. Leipsic. Pop. 1,700.
Jesso, or Matsmai, a large isl. off the E. coast of
Asia, immediately N. of the islands of Japan, being
•separated frohi Niphon only by a narrow strait,
it is 150 miles long, and 80 broad. The original
inhabitants are the Ainos, who have been already
described. The level and fertile districts, which
lie chiefly on the sea coast, are occupied by the
Japanese. The capital, Matsmai, is at the south-
iCrn extremity of the island, and is said to contain
60,000 inhabitants.
/cssorc, district, Bengal, N.E. of Calcutta. Jes-
£orc, the capital, is on the W. side of the Boirub
river, on the road from Calcutta to Dacca. Lon.
89° 16' E. Lat. 23° 7' N.
Jesuit's RockSy rocks near the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 17° 48' S.
Jesup, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Jesus, t. Mexico, in San Luis de Potozi.
Jesus, Isle of. See Isle Jesus.
Jesus Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
162° 35' E. Lat. 6° 50' S.
Jesus Maria, the most southern of the Admiral-
ty islands. Lon. 145° 28' E. Lat. 2° 22' S.
Jesus Maria de los Monies, t. Buenos Ayres, 60
tn. S. Santa Cruz de la Sierra la Nueva.
Jetlingen, t. Bavaria, on the Mindel, 14 m. S. by
W. Dillingen. Pop. 1,500.
Jctze, or Jeeze, r. Prussia, in tlie Old Mark of
Brandenburg, which falls into the Elbe in Lune-
burg.
Jever, district in the N. W. of Germany, on the
German ocean, between East Friesland and the
■luchy of Oldenburg, to wliich last it belongs. Ex-
tent, 106 sq. miles. Pop. 17,000.
Jeier, t Grand duchy of Oldenburg, 34 m. N. by
W. Oldenburg. Pop. 3,500.
Jeu-Mailloche, t France, in Indre, 18 m. N. W.
Chateauroux.
Jewells cily, p-v. in Griswold, New-London co.
Ct6m. N.E. Norwich.
Jeypore. See Jyenagur.
Jtzdkast. See Yezdikhasf.
Jezira ul Omar, (an. Bezabde,) t. Kurdistan, on
the Tigris.
Jezreel, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe of
Manasseh. It was for a long time the residence
of the kings of Israel. Near it is the valley of Es-
draelon.
Jhalauan, territory of Persia, the S. province
of Bcloochistan.
Jhansi, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 71° 45' E.
Lat. 25° 31' N.
J/(ans«, castle in Thibet. Lon. 89° 23' E. Lat.
20° 50' N.
Jibbel Auress, or Auras, mountains in the S.
part of the province of Constantina, and territory
of Algiers, 120 miles in circuit. It i? a large Icuot
of eminences, running one into another, with sev-
eral beautiful vallies intervening. .4lmost the
•^bojeofit. however. i3 extremdy fertile. It r?
J O A
inhabited by a number of native tribes, who enjoy
their own laws, and live nearly independent. An-
cient ruins are spread over these mountains and
their intervening vallies.
Jibbel Iskel, (an. Mons Cerna) m-t. Tunis, 16
m. S. W. Bizerta.
Jichmori, t. Eu. Russia, in Lithuania, 12 m. W-
Wilna,
Jidda, or Judda, s-p. Arabia, on the shore of
the Red sea. It may be considered as the port of
Mecca, and is supported partly by maintaining the
trade with India and Egypt, and partly by the
concourse of pilgrims. It is situated in a barren
sandy district, destitute of water. The English
are the only European nation who carry on a
trade here, and it was formerly considerable ; but
the numerous exactions to which they were ex-
posed have now reduced it to a low ebb. The im-
ports consist 'almost exclusively of piece goods
from the coast of Coromandel ; to which is added
a small quantity of spices, beetle-nut, opium, su-
gar, tin, and tobacco. Almost the only export is
coffee. Lon. 39° 15' E. Lat. 21° 29' N. Pop. 5,000-
Jiddoon, district. Hind, between Cashmere and
the river Indus, about 34° N. lat.
Jigat Point, t. Hind, situated at the S. extrem-
ity of Gujerat. Lon. 69° 1' E. Lat. 22° 12' N.
Jigitonhonha, r. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, and
district of Cerro do Frio, famed for the diamonds
found in its bed, to collect which great works
have been established on its banks. It flows into
a larger river, called Rio Grande, which enters
the Atlantic in lat. 16° 20' S. near Porto S^uro.
JUion, or Gihon, the name of several rivers ia
Asia, the principal of which empties into the sea
of Aral on the S. side. It is the ancient Oxus, and
formerly flowed into the Caspian, but the Tartars
changed its course. Its whole length is about 900
miles. It is also called the Amu, or Amol.
Jijel, s-p. Algiers, in Constantina, 30 m. E. N.
E. Boujeiah.
JiUifree, t. Africa, in Barra, on the S. bank of
the Gambia, near its mouth. Lon. 16° 7' W. Lat.
13° 16' N.
Jillootior, t. Hind, in Oude, half way between
Cawnpore and Lucknow.
Jimmel, t. Tunis, in Africa, 27 m. E. S. E. Kair-
wan.
Jinneft, s-p. Algiers, on the Mediterranean, at
the mouth of the Yisser, 33 m. E. Algiers.
Joachim, t. Jefferson co. Missouri.
Joachimsthal, t. Bohemia. In the neighbour-
hood are rich mines of silver and cobajt. 60 m. N.
E. Dresden. Lon. 12° 53' E. Lat. 50° 20' N. Pop.
3,700.
Joachimsthal, t. Brandenburg, 19 m. S. Prentz-
low, 36 N. N. E. Berlin. Lon. 13° 55' E. Lat. 53^
5'xN.
.Toag, t. W. Africa, cap. of Kajaaga. Lon. 10'
W. Lat. 14° 27' N.
Joal, s-p. on the W. coast of Africa, in Bar-Sin.
It admits vessels drawing ten feet of water.
Joana, fort and town, on the N. coast of Java.
Lon. 111° 10' E. Lat. 6° 40' S.
Joanna, or Anjouan, the largest of the Com-
morro islands, of! the E. coast of Africa, 30 miles
long and 15 broad. It is entirely mountainous, and
exhibits a very picturesque appearance. The
sovereign of Joanna takes the title of Sultan, and
formerly bore sway over the whole group of the
Commorro islands, from wJi < h he still makes a
claim of tribute. Grose recko»is the population at
130,000 ; but M. Capmartin, a much more recent
visitor, supposes th?.t it doc3 not exceed six or sev-
J O H
J O L.
355
<iii thousand. In fact, this and the other Commor-
ro islands have been desolated for thirty years, by
the inroads of a band of most desperate pirates,
called the Marati or iMal^ches, who have estab-
lished themselves on tlie JV. VV. coast of Madagas-
car. This island is considerably frequented by
Europeans, and particularly by English vessels,
for water and provisions. Lon. 44° 30' E. Lat. 12°
34' S.
Joannes, also called Marajo, isl. at the mouth of
the river Amazon, 1 50 miles long, and 92 broad.
It is much cultivated, and produces maize, plan-
tains, and sugar canes.
Joanninuy a large and flourishing city of Euro-
pean Turkey, the capital of Albania. The situa-
tion and environs are extremely beautiful. The
population of Joannina appears to be between
35,000 and 40,000 composed of Greeks and Alba-
nians, and in a small proportion (about a tenth) of
Turks and Jews. Their language is the Romaic
or modern Greek. It is chiefly known as the cap-
ital of the celebrated Ali Pacha, a chief who, in
this part of the Ottoman empire, exercises an al-
most unlimited power, and who has brought un-
der his dominion, not only the whole of Albania
and ancient Epirus, but also a considerable part
of Thessaly. His annual revenue is 500,000/. ;
his regular force about 10,000 men; his militia,
40,000. Joannina is the see of an archbishop. 70
m. W. Larissa, (in Thessaly) 115 S. W. Salonica,
and about 400 W. by S. Constantinople. Lon. 21°
38' E. Lat. 39° 30' N.
Joanpore, district. Hind, in Allahabad, between
the Gogra and Ganges. It is fertile and well cul-
tivated. The inhabitants are nearly in equal pro-
portions of Mahometans and Hindoos. It is in pos-
session of the British. Joanpore, the capital, in
the 15th century, was the most celebrated city of
Hindostan, and the resort of all the learned men of
the a^e. Many of the Mosques, and some of the
caravansaries and colleges built at that period,
are still in existence. 'The fortress is on a high
bank of the river Goomty, and is built of stone.
Joanpore is now the station of a civil establish-
ment, of judge, &:c. and of a battalion of native
infantry. I^on. 82° 39' E. Lat. 25° 45' N.
Joar, t. W. Africa, on the Gambia, in Bur Salum.
Jobstoun, p-t. Burlington co. N. J.
Jocelyn. See Josselin.
Jockgrim, or Jockenum, t. Bavarian province of
the Rhine, 9 m. S. E. Landau. Pop. 800.
Jodar, t. Spain, in Jaen, 7 m. S. S. E. Bacza.
Loio. -3P 26' W. Lat. 37° 53' N. Pop. 3,200.
Joffers Island, small isl. on the coast of Norway,
about 3 m. N. N. E. Long Sound.
Jogigopa, t. Bengal, on the Brahmapootra. Lon.
90°30'E. Lat. 26° 12' N.
Johannesberg, or Bischoffsberg, v. and castle of
the duchy of Nassau, in the W. of Germany. It
is famed for the best species of Rhenish wine. 18
m. W. Mentz.
Johann-Georgcn-Stadi, t. Saxony, in the circle
of the Erzgebirgc, 24 m. S. Chemnitz, 64 S. W.
Dresden. Pop. 2,650.
Johannisburg, or Hansbork, t. E. Prussia, on the
Pysch, 88 m. S, S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 22° 2' E.
Lat. 53° 22' N. Pop. 1,200.
Johannisfadl, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the Sarre, opposite Sarrebruck.
Johannisthal, t. Moravia, in Troppau, 12 m. N.
N. W. Jagerndorf
Johlingen, v. Baden, S m. N. by E. Carlsruhc-
Pop. 1,700.
Johns, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
Johmburg, t. Warren co. N. Y. 23 m. N. W.
Caldwell. Pop. 651.
Johnshaven, t. Scotland, in Kincardine. 9 m. N.
by E. Montrose. Pop. 1,000.
John's Island, on the coast of S. C. between
Stono river and North Edisto inlet, which sepa-
rates it from Edisto island, 20 m. S. W, Charles-
ton. It is about 12 miles long, and 6 broad. The
west part is separated from the main part of the
island by a small creek, and called Wadmalaw.
Stono river affords a good harbor for vessels,
John's island is very productive in cotton. It con-
tains, with Wadmelaw, about 70 plantations, and
about half that number of resident plantei-g.
Here are 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1
for Episcopalians. "The planters remain on the
island only during the winter, and in summer re-
side with their families in Charleston.
Johnson, p-t. Franklin co. Vt, on Lamoil river,
28 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 494.
Johnson, co. N. C. watered by Neuse and Little
rivers. Pop. 6,867. Slaves, 2,330. Chieftown,
Smithfield.
Johnson, co. Illinois, on the Ohio. Pop. in
1818, 678. At the court-house is a post-office.
Johnson, Fort, S. C. on James island, at the en-
trance of Charleston harbor.
Johnsonsburg, p-1^ Sussex co. N. J. 10 m. from
Newtown.
Johnson's Point, cape, on the S. W. coast of
Antigua. Lon. 61° 35' W. Lat. 17° 10' N.
Jofinson''s settlement, p-v. Tioga co. N. Y.
John's river, N. H. which falls into Connecti-
cut river, in Dalton, at the 15 mile falls.
Johnston, t. Providence co. R. 1. 5 ra. N. Provi-
dence. Pop. 1,516.
Johnstoju, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W.
Warren.
Johnston, Fort, N. C. on the W. bank of Cape
Fear river, at its mouth.
Johnston's Island. Sec Lord J^orth's Island.
Johnston'' s store, p-v. Lancaster co. S. C.
Johnston's Straits, channel between the island
of Quadra-and- Vancouver, and the N. W. coast
of America. Lon. 233'^ to 234° 46' E. Lat. 50°
20' to 50<= 35' N.
Johnstown, v. Scotland, in Renfrew, 4 m. W.
Paisley. Pop. 3,647.
Johnstoion, district, Up. Canada, on the river
St. Lawrence.
Johnstown, v. in Edwardsbnrg, Up. Canada,
just above the upper rapids in the river St. Law-
rence.
Johnstown, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. N. Y,
on the Mohawk, 41 m. W. Albany, 45 N. Coop-
erstown. Pop. 6,225. The village of Johnstown
is about 4 m. N. of the river, on Canada creek.
It contains a courthouse and jail, an academy,
and 2 churches, 1 Episcopal and 1 Presbyteriai}.
Johnstown, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, 20 m. N. W.
Newark.
Johnstown-milh, p-v. Cambria co. Pa.
Johorc, t. Malacca, near the S. extremity of
that peninsula, on a river which falls into the
straits of Sincaj)ure.
Joigny, t. France, in Yonne, 34 m. S. W.
Troyes. Lon. 3° 25' E. Lat. 47° 59' N. Pop. 5,400.
Joinvilk, t. France, on the Marne, 70 m. S. S.
E. Rheims. Lon. 5° 20- E. Lat. 48° 20' N. Pop.
3,20«1.
Jolliet, seigniory, Dorchester co. Lower Cana-
da, on the river Chaudiere, 20 ra. S. Quebec.
36a
J O K
Jolsva, ovJelschau, t. Hungary, 1 1 m. N. Gomer.
Jolut, isl. near the W. coast of East Green-
land. Lon. 46° 50' W. Lat. 60° 56' N.
Jonas Island, in the sea of Ochotsk. Lon. 216°
W 13" W. Lat. 56° 25' 30" N.
Jonasville, p-v. Alleghany co. Md.
Jondel, Cape, on the S. coast of the island of
Ivica. Lon. 1° 16' E. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Jones, CO. N. Carolina, on the Trent, Pop.
4,968. Slaves, 2,375. Chief town, Trenton.
Jones, CO. Geo. on the E. side of the Oakmul-
gee. Pop. 8,597. Slaves, 2,587. Chief town,
Clinton.
JonesboTOvgh, or Chandlersville, p-t. Washing-
ton CO. Maine, 12 m. W. Machias. Pop. 553.
Jonesborough, p-t. and cap. Washington co.
East Tennessee, 26 m. from Greenville, 101 E.
J^noxville, 40 fr. Abingdon, (Va.)
Jonesburg, p-t. and cap. Camden co. N. C. 6G
in. S. Norfolk.
Jmusburg, t. and cap. Union co. Illinois.
Jones, Cape, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 79° W.
Lat. 58° 50' N.
, Jones'* Island, isl. in Hudson's bav. Lon. 63°
W. Lat. 61° 52' N.
Jones* Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the Mosquito shore, Lon. 82° 27' W. Lat.
15° 35' N.
Jones" mills, p-v. Cambria so. Pa,
Jones'" store, p-v, Halifax co, N, C.
Jonestown, or JVilliamsburg, p-t. Lebanon co.
Pa, at the junction of Little Swetara with Swe-
tara river, 23 m, N. E. by E, Harrisburg, 89 N.
W. Philadelphia,
Jonesville, t, Lee co, Va,
Jonesville, formerly Marlinsboro^, p-v. Surry
CO. N, C,
Jonkakonda, t. Africa, in Yani, on the N. side of
the Gambia, 25 m, S, W, Pisania.
Jonkioping, government of Sweden, comprising
the N. part of the province of Smaland. Extent,
3,200 sq. miles. Pop. 117,400.
Jonkioping, t, Sweden, and cap. of the above,
is on a peninsula formed by the lakes Wetter,
Monk, and Roth. It is the seat of the high courts
of justice for the province of Gothland. 86 m,
E. Gottenburgh, 156 S, W, Stockholm. Lon. 13°
59' E. Lat. 57° 45' N,
Jonguieres, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m, E, Or-
ange, 8 W, Carpentras.
Jonquieres. See Marligues.
Jonsac, t. France, in Lower Charente, 13 m. N.
N. W. Montlieu. Pop, 2,300.
Joogdea, or Jugdya, t. Bengal, near the sea, at
the mouth of the Little Fenny river. Lon. 91°
12' E. Lat. 20° 50' N.
Jcoria, s-p. Hind, in Gujcrat. Lon. 70° 40' E,
Lat. 22° 40' N.
jQo:y, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Ganges,
opposite AUahabad. Lon. 81° 52' E. Lat, 25°
27' xN,
Joppa, See Jaffa.
Joppa, t, Harford co. Md. 20 m. E, by N, Balti-
more,
Jordan, r. Palestine, and the only stream of im-
portance by which that countiy is watered. It
rises in the mountain called Jebel Sheik, the an-
cient Hermon, and passing by Caesarea Philippi,
called now Panias, unites witfi other streams in
forming a lake, called in scripture Merom. It
soon after enters the N, side of the great lake call-
ed the sea of Tiberias, from the S, extremity of
which it again issues. It then flows almost due
J U A
south, tlirough an extensive plain, till it fails into
the Dead sea, or lake of Asphaltites. Length, 120
miles.
Jorgenthal, t. Bohemia, in Leutmcritz, 6 m. N.
E. Kamnitz.
Jorhat, cap, of Assam, on the S. side of the
Brahmapootra, 40 m. S, W. Ghergong. Lon, 94°'
10' E. Lat, 26° 45' N.
Jori, r, Asiatic Georgia, which falls into the
Kur, on the frontier of Schirvan,
Jorjan, or Corcan, t. Persian province of Aste-
rabad, E, of the Caspian, 100 m. W.Mesched, 300
N. N, E. Ispahan.
Jorkau, or Boreck, t. Bohemia, 13 m, N. Saatz.
Lon, 13° 26' E. Lat, 50° 28' N, Pop, 1,£00.
Joseph's Key, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida- Lon. 89° 30' W. Lat.
30° 8' N.
Josephstadt, t. and fort, Bohemia, at the conflu-
ence of the Metau and the Elbe, 70 m. E. N. E.
Prague. Pop. 1,300,
Josimath, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79° 38'
E. Lat. 30° 34' N.
Joslowitz, t. Moravia, 9 m. S. E. Znaym. Pop.
850.
Josselin, or Jocelyn, t, France, in Morbihan, on
the Ouste. Pop, 2,700. Lon. 2° 33' W. Lat. 47°
58' N.
Jotaco, (an. Astams,) small isl. in the Mediter-
ranean, belonging to the Ionian republic, between
Ithaca and the mainland.
Jouan, bay, in the S. E. of France, not far from
Antibes. Here Bonaparte landed, on his return
from Elba, 1st March 1815,
Jouarre, t, France, in Seine-and-Mame, 11 m.
E, Meaux, Pop. 2,100,
Joudpore, extensive principaUty, Hind, in the
province of Ajmeer. Its proper name is Mar-
war, Joudpore, the capital, carries on a consid-
erable traffic with Gujerat and Dekkan. Lon-
73° 18'E. Lat, 26° 27' N.
Joue, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 4 m. S.
Tours,
Joue, t, France, in Loire Inferieure, 16 m. N.
W, Ancenis. Pop. 1,900.
Jougues, V. France, in Mouths-of-tke Rhone, 12
m. N. E, Aix. Pop, 600.
Jourdain, See He Jourdain.
Jourdans, p-v. Lincoln co, Geo.
Joux, valley, and lake, Switzerland, in the can-
ton of Vaud.
Joux, fort, in the E. of France, on a high rock
on the Doubs. It commands the great road to
Switzerland.
Jouy, v, France, 3 m, S, Versailles, Pop, 1,000.
Jouy aux Arches, v. France, on the Moselle,
near Metz.
Jouy le Chatel, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne,
11 m.'N. W. Provins. Pop. 1,000,
Joy, formerly Kingsville, p-t, Kennebec co. Me.
30 m, N, Augusta,
Joyeuse, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Beaune,
6 m, S. by W. Argentiere.
Joyosa, t, Spain, in Valencia, on the bay of Ali-
cant, 20 m. N. E. Alicant.
Josefow, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 27 m. N,
Sendomir, 44 W. by S. Lublin,
Juan de Ulua, isl, on the coast of Mexico, in the
bay of Vera Cruz, A very strong fortress now
covers nearly the whole rock, the expense of
which is said to have been upwards of eight nril-
lions sterling,
Juan Fernandez. See Fernandes,
J u
J U M
357
Juanico, isl. in the gulf of California. Lon.
107° 41' W. Lat. 21° 45' N.
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo, isl. on the coast of
New California. Lon. 120° 31' W. Lat. 34° N.
J2iaye, t, France, in Calvados, 14 m. S. W.
Caen.
Jublains, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m. S. E.
Mayenne.
Jubones, r. Peru, which enters the bay of Tum-
bez, in lat. 3° 20' S.
Jttcatan. See Yucatan,
Juchipila, t. Mexico, 60 m. N. Guadalaxara.
Lon. 267° 45' W. Lat. 22° 48' N.
Judea, Canaan, or Palestine, in Sac. Geog^. a
country of Asia. Judea proper comprised only
the country occupied by the tribes of Benja-
min and Judah, in distinction from Sama-
ria, Galilee, &c. and was bounded E. by the
Jordan, S. by Idumea, W. by the Mediterranean,
and N. by the tribe of Ephraim. In its larger
sense, Judea comprised all the country belonging
to the 12 tribes of Israel, bounded E. by Arabia,
S. by the desert of Beersheba, VV. bythe Mediter-
ranean, and N. by Sidon and Libanus. See Ca-
naan.
Judenburg, t. Inner Austria, and cap. of the cir-
cle of Judenburg, is on tlie left bank of the
Muhr, 38 m. W. by N. Gratz, 108 S. W. Vienna.
Lon. 140 42' E. Lat. 47° 43' N. Pop. 2,300. The
circle contains 2,250 sq. miles, and 95,000 inhabi-
tants.
Judges, cluster of rocks, off Cape Dereada, at
the entrance into the straits of Magellan from the
Pacific.
Judith, Point, the W. point at the entrance of
Narraganset bay, R. I.
Judoigne, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on
the Geele, 24 m. S. E. Brussels. Lon. 4° 50' E.
Lat. 50° 48' N. Pop. 2,000.
Jug, r. Russia, which unites with the Suchona
near Ustiug, in Vologda, to form the Upper
Dwina.
Jugdispore, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 m. from Patna.
Juggemath, Juggernaut, or Jagatnatha, a cele-
brated temple and place of Hindoo worship, on
the sea coast of Orissa, a few miles N. E. of the
Chilka lake. Seen from a distance, it is a shape-
less mass of building, but forms an excellent land-
mark for navigators in approaching so Iowa coast.
It is surrounded by several courts or inclosures,
into the interior of which no European is admit-
ted. The idol of Juggernath is said to be made
of wood, to have a frightful black visage, with a
distended mouth foaming with blood. On each
side of him is seated another image, one of which
is painted white, the other yellow : the first is said
to be the image of his sister Shubudra, the other
his brother Balaram. On particular festivals, the
images are superbly dressed, and placed on an im-
mense chariot or moving tower, which is drao-»ed
by the pilgrims a certain distance, and then^re-
turned to the temple. It is during this procession
that some of the devotees sacrifice themselves, by
falling under the wheels of the machine. The
concourse of Hindoo pilgrims to this shrine is im-
mense; and the revenue derived from them
amounts to 12,000/. per annum. Lon. 86" 5' E.
Lat. 19°49'N.
Jugnac, t. France, in Charente, 18 m. S. An-
gouleme. Pop. 1,300.
Juigne, t. France, in Sarthe, 3 m, N. E. Sable.
Juilhac, t. Franc#, ia Corr«ze, 19 m. W, Tulle.
Pop. 2.000.
Juillac le Coq, t. France, in Charente, 6 m. S.
Cognac. Pop. 1,500.
Juilly, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m. N.
W. Meaux.
Juine, r. France, which falls into the Etampes,
Juist, isl. on the coast of East Friesland, 11
miles in circumference ; 6 m. W. N. W. Norden,
30 N. E. Stettin. Lon. 14° 44' E. Lat. 53° 50' N.
Jujui, city, Buenos Ayres, in Tucuman, 61 m.
N. N. E. Salta, 275 N. Santiago del Estero, in lat,
23° 19' S.
Jujui, r. Buenos Ayres, which enters the Ver-
mejo, in lat. 24° 50' S. It is called St. Salvador,
or Rio Grande, and Rio Dulce. Its whole course
is 300 miles.
Jvkah, t. Hind, in Sinde. Lon. 69° E. Lat.
25° N.
Julamerick, district, Kurdistan, having Arme-
nia on the N. and the pachalic of Bagdad on the
S. 120 m. E, S. E. Betlis.
Juli, t. Peru, in Chucuito, on the W. shore of
the lake Chucuito, 96 m. N. W. La Paz.
Julia, t Sicily, in Val di Demoua. Pop. 3,500,
Julian Alps. See Alps.
Julier, mt. Switz. in the Grison country, be-
longing to the northern chain of the Alps.
Juliers, formerly a duchy of Westphalia, now
forming part of the provinces in the western divis-
ion of the Prussian dominions. Its extent was 1 ,600
sq. miles; pop. 200,000; revenue, 100,000/.
Juliers, or Julich, t. Prussian states, in Aix-la-
Chapelle , 22 m. W. Cologne, 15 N. E. Dussel-
dorf. Lon. 6° 30' E. Lat. 50° 55' N. Pop. 2,150.
Juliestoivn, p-t. Burlington co. N. J.
Juliet, Mount, mt. Illinois, on the N. side of Des-
planes river, near its junction with the Kankakee.
Lon. 88° 44' W. Lat. 42° 5' N.
Julita, t. Sweden, in Sudermania, 35 m. N. W.
Nykioping.
Juliusburg, or Dreske, t. Silesia, 15 m. N. E.
Breslau. Lon. 17° 22' E. Lat 51° 15' N.
Juilie, V. France, in Rhone, 7 m. N. by E, Beau-
jeu. Pop. 1,100.
Jumboo, or Jummoo, district. Hind, on the E.
side of the Chunab, or Acosines river. It is gov-
erned by an independent Hindoo chief. — Jumboo,
the capital, is on the high road from Cashmere to
Delhi, and its chief giving much encouragement
to merchants, it is a flourishing town. Lon. 74°
5' E. Lat. 33° N.
Jumboosier, i. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 72° 58'
E. Lat. 22° 5' N.
Jumeaux, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 9 m. S.
E. Issoire. Pop. 1,100.
Jumelicre, La, v. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
14 m. S. S. W. Angers. Pop. 1,200.
Jumelles, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6 m.
E. Beaufort. Pop. 1,450.
Juniet, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 3 m. N.
Charleroi. Pop. 5,000.
Jumettas, or Yitmetlas Keys, islets among the
Bahamas, extending from the S. W. coast of Yu-
ma. Lon. 76° W. Lat. 22° 40' N.
Jumiege, t. France, on the Seine, 14 m. S. S,
W. Rouen. Pop. 1,700.
Jumilla, t. Spain, in Murcia, 24 m. W. Villena,
65 N. by W. Carthagena. Lon. 2° W. Lat. 38«
26' N. Pop. 6,000.
Jumillac le Grand, t. France, in Dordogne, 9 m.
N. Exideuil. Pop. 2,500.
Jumna, or Yumna, a celebrated river of Hia-
dostan, which rises in the Himaleh mountams,
and, after passing the cities of Delhi and Agra,
358
J U H
falls into the Ganges at Allahabad, Its length
may be estimated at 780 miles. Near its junction
with the Chumbul, it is fordable from the month
of October till June.
Juna^ Cape, on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9° 54' E. Lat. 40° 8' N.
Junaguvf t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 70° 33' E.
Lat. 21° 48' N.
Juncal, s-p. Chili, 50 m. N. Copiapo. Lat. 25°
42' S.
Junco,r. Grain coast of Guinea, which falls into
the sea, 90 m. E. S. E. Cape Monte.
Jung Buntzlau. See Buntzlau.
Jungcera, t. Hind, in Bahar, on the Ganges.
Lon. 86° 33' E. Lat. 25° 10' N.
Jungerpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73° 38'
E. Lat. 23° 49' N.
Jwigferberg, or Diwizagora^ mt. Russia, in Ca-
san, on the Wolga.
Juiigfrau, lofty mountain of Switzerland, in
the canton of Bern, 13,600 feet above the level of
the sea.
Jimgfrun, rock, 6 miles in circuit, on the coast
of Sweden, in the Baltic, very dangerous to navi-
gators. Lon. 17° 10' E. Lat. 61° 10' N.
Jungipore, t. Bengal, on the Bhagerutty river,
the principal silk establishment of the East India
company. Lon. 88° 13' E. Lat. 24° 28' N.
Junglebary, t, Bengal, on the Brahmapootra
river. Lon. 90° 28' E. Lat. 24° 27' N.
Jungnau, t. Suabia, 14 m. W. Buchau, 40 S.
Stutgard.
JuniaHa, r. Pa. which joins the Susquehannali,
11m. above Harrisburg.
JuniaUa, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,233.
Junius^ p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. at the N. end of
Seneca lake, 20 m. N. Ovid, 182 W. Albany.
Pop. 2,251. In this town are the villages of West
Cayuga, Seneca, and Waterloo. Junius is on
aavigable waters, and well situated for trade.
Juniville, v. France, in Ardennes, 6 m. S. Be-
thel. Pop. 1,000.
Junkseylon, isl. at the S. E. extremity of the
bay of Bengal, near the W. coast of the Malay
peninsula. It is 54 miles long, by 15 broad, and
is valuable on account of its tin mines. It for-
merly belonged to the Siamese, but was conquer-
ed by the Birmans in 1810.
Junnere, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 73° 51'
E. Lat. 19° 3' N.
Ju7ioh, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 43' E. Lat.
23° 23' N.
Junossuvando, t. Norwegian Lapland, with an
extensive iron mine and smelting furnace, the
most northern in the world, being situated in lat.
67° 30'.
Junquera, La, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 19 m. W.
by N. Rosas. Pop. 700.
Juntas, r. Quito, in Jaende Bracamoros, which
receiving various tributary streams, changes its
name to Santiago, and enters the Amazon.
Jura, one of the Hebrides, or western islands
of Scotland, situated N. E. of the island of Islay.
It is 26 miles long, and on an average 7 broad,
contaming 68,500 Scots acres, of which only 3000
are arable. It is the mo^^t rugged of the western
isles. Pop. in 1811, 1,157.
Jura, mountains, Europe, which commence
near Geneva, and extend N. along the frontier of
France and Switzerland, separating the depart-
ments of Ain, Jura, and Doubs, from the cantons
of Geneva, Vaud, Neufchatel, and Bern. On
J Y E
reaching the French department of the Upptfi'
Rhine, they divide into two main arms : the east-
ern runs through the cantons of Solothurn and
Aargau, ending on the Rhine ; the western con-
tinues its course due north, but soon loses the name
of Jura, and assumes that of Vosges. — See Vosges,
Jura, department in the E. of France, border-
ing on Switzerland. Extent, 2,050 sq. miles.
Pop. 300,000.
Jura, r. East Prussia, which falls into the Me-
mel near Schreitlanken.
Jurat, ridge of hills, Switz. in Vaud, which
branches off from the great Jura chain S. E. and
joins the Alps.
Jurho, or Turbo, r. S. America, which runs inta
the gulf of Darien. Lon. 76° 44' W. Lat. 8°
15' N.
Juree, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 73° 33' E. Lat.
25° 34' N.
Jurjev-Polskoi, t. Eu. Russia, 38 m. N. W, Via-
dimir, 100 N. E. Moscow.
Jurjogorod. See Dorpat.
Jurjura, mt. Algiers, connected with the Atlas,
and the loftiest mountain in Eastern Barbary.
JuruUo, a remarkable volcano of Mexico, in
the intendancy of Valladolid, situated, according
to the observations of Humboldt, in lon. 103° 51'
48" W. lat. 19° 9' N. It was formed in one night,
in the year 1759, in the middle of a beautiful, fer-
tile, and pleasant valley. The highest part has an
elevation of 524 feet. 30 m. S. Pasquaio, 65 S.
W. by S. Valladolid.
Jussey, t. France, in Upper Saone, on the
Amance, at its junction with the Saone. 19 m. N.
W. Vesoul. Lon. 5° 59' E. Lat. 47° 49' N. Pop.
2,800.
Justlahuaca, t. in Mexico, 40 leagues S. E. Mex-
ico. Lon. 275° 40' E. Lat. 18° N.
Juferbock, t. Prussian province of Brandenberg,
on the Rohrbach, 18 m. N. E. Wittenberg, 29 S.
Potzdam.
Jutland, province, Denmark, which comprised
formerly the whole peninsula forming the main-
land of the Danish dominions ; but the name is
now confined to the northern half of the peninsula,
extending from 55° to 58° N. lat. The southern
half is better known by the name of Sleswick. Jut-
land in this circumscribed sense is 180 miles long,
and from 70 to 95 broad. Extent, 9,200 sq. miles.
Pop. 440,000. The climate is similar to that of
the north of England. The pasturages are rich
and extensive. The bulk of the inhabitants speak
Danish. The gentry speak German. The pre-
vailing religion is the Lutheran. The chief ex-
ports are corn and cattle ; of the former, the great
articles are rye and oats.
Jutroszin, t. Prussian Poland, 56 m. S. Posen.
Pop. 1,200.
Jutwar, or Jhutwar, district. Hind, province of
Gujerat. It extends along the Banass river, near
its junction with the gulf of Cutch.
Juvardeil, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 14 m.
N. N. E. Angers.
Juvigne, t. France, in Mayenne, 9 m, S. W. Er-
nee, 17 N. W. Laval.
Juvigny,^. France, in Orne, 6 m. S. E. Domfront.
Pop. 1,100.
Juvigny, t. France, in Marne, 7 m. N. W. Cha-
lons sur Marne, 19 S. Rheims.
Jyenagur, or Jyepore, principality. Hind, be-
tween 25° and 29° N. lat. in the E. extremity of
the province of Ajmeer, 150 miles long by 70
K A F
troad. This territory comprehends the most pop-
ulous and best cultivated part of the province ; it
produces sugar, cotton, tobacco, and all the grains
of Hindostan. It has also a salt-water lake, which
produces the greater portion of salt used in that
part of the country, Jyenagur, the capital, is
reckoned one of the handsomest and most regular
towns of India. It is a great mart for horses, and
carries on a considerable traffic with all parts of
IntMa. The rajah has lately been taken luider the
K A I
359
British protection. liOn. 75° 40' E. Lat. 26®
56' N.
Jyhtpore, or Jeylpore, t. and fortress, Hind, ifl
Allahabad. It now belongs to the Mahrattas. Lon.
80° 50' E. Lat. 25° 14' N.
Jykill Island, on the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of Turtle river. Jykill sound is at the S.
end of the island. It communicates through an
inlet with Turtle river, and receives Little Satil-
la river. In this sound there is good anchorage for
large vessels.
K.
K^ARTA, kingdom, W. Africa, bounded E. by
JBambarra. It is about 200 miles long and 80 broad.
Kemmoo is the capital.
Kaatskill See CatskiU.
Kabaiiia, fort. A. Russia, 270 m, S. Tobolsk.
Kabanoua, or Kabanouska, fort A. Russia, 86
m. S. Tomsk.
Kabarda, territory of Russia, in Asia, extend-
ing along the southern bank of the Terek, on the
W. side of the Caspian sea. It is divided into the
Great and Little Kabarda. Both own the su-
premacy of Russia.
Kabold, or Kabersdorf, t. Hungary, 45 m. S. Vi-
enna.
Kabour, r. Bagdad, which falls into the Eu-
phrates near Kerkesia.
Kabra. See Cabra.
Kabruang, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 126° 30'
E. Lat. 3° 50' N.
Kabul, and Kabulistan. See Cabvl.
Kaden, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 44 m. S. Dres-
den. Pop. 2,750.
Kadesh, in Sac. Geog. 3 towns in Palestine, 1 in
the tribe of Judah ; 1 in the tribe of Naphtali ; and
1 in the tribe of Issachar.
Kadesh, or Kadesh-Barnea, in Sac. Geog. a
place in the wilderness, south of Palestine, be-
tween Egypt and Idumea.
Kadirgunge, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79° 2' E.
Lat. 27° 50' N.
Kadom, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, 130 m. N. by
E. Tambov, 229 E. S. E. Moscow. Pop. 5,000.
Kady, or Kadiei, t. Eu. Russia, on the Pemda,
which falls into the Wolga. 109 m. E. Kostroma.
Kaefermarkt, t. Upper Austria, 4 m. S. S. E.
Freustadt, 17 N. E. Lintz.
Kueferlhal, v. Baden, 3 m.E. N. E. Manheim.
Kaffraria, territory. South Africa, extending
along the coast in a N. E. direction, from the
Great Fish river, which separates it from the col-
ony of the Cape of Good Hope, to the Key's river,
which divides it from the country of the Tam-
bookies. It is entirely independent, and is inhab-
ited by a native people, called Kaffres, or Koussis.
They differ in every respect from the bordering
race of the Hottentots; and there is not perhaps
in the world a finer race of men, as to external fig-
ure : they are tall, robust, muscular, and hand-
some. Though black, or very nearly so, they
have not a line of the Africasi negro, either in
their countenance or persons. The Kaffres are
considerably moi'e addicted to agriculture than
the Hottentots. Pasturage, however, is a much
more favourite and general occupation. Their
general habits are peaceable. Their chief wars
are with the savage Bosjesmans. They have had
occasional contests with the colonists, in which
the blame rested commonly with the latter ; and
when victors, they have never been guilty of any
cruelty. European mariners shipwrecked upon
their coast have been treated with the greatest hu-
manity.
Kahabaw. See Cahabaw.
Kahla, t. Altenburg, on the Saale, 39 m. W. by
S. Altenburg, 8 S. Jena. Pop. 1,800.
Kahlwang, v. Austrian states, in Styria, 14 ra..
N. by W. knittelfeld, 17 W. Leoben.
Kahm. See Cham.
Kahokia. See Cahokia.
Kai, t. Eu. Russia, on the Kama, 124 m. N. E.
Viatka.
Kaia, v. near Lutzen, in Prussian Saxony, re-
markable in the battle of 2d May 1813, between
the French and the allied Russian and Prussian
army.
Kai'm, v. Scotland, in Morayshire.
Kaimoo, v. Bambarra, in W. Africa, on the Ni
ger. Lon. 3° 46' W. Lat. 13° 56' N.
Kainske, t. A. Russia, in Tomsk.
Kair, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, on the Goda-
very.
Kaira, t. Hind, in Gujerat, on the Sabermatt\
Lon. 72° 45' E. Lat. 22° 45' N.
Kairwan, or Kairoan, city, Tunis, in N. Africa,
second only to the capital in population and com-
merce. The great mosque here is esteemed at
once the most magnificent and most sacred in
Barbary. Lon. 9° 57' E. Lat. 35° 36' N.
Kaisarieh, city, Asia Minor, the ancient capital
of Cappadocia, called Casarea, in honour of Tibe-
rias Caasar. It is the resort of merchants from all
parts of Asia Minor and Syria, who come to pur-
chase cotton, which is here cultivated in great
quantities. Lon. 35° 18' E. Lat. 38° 41' N.
Kaiserberg, t. France, in Upper Rhine, on the
Weiss, 9 m. W. by N. Colmar. Pop. 2,500.
Kaiser slautem, or Lautem, t. of the Bavarian
province on the Rhine, 3^1 m. W. N. W. Spire, 42
S. S. W. Mentz. Lon. 7° 46' E. Lat. 49° 26' N-
Pop. 2,360.
Kaisershihl, or Kaisersladi, t. Switz. in Aargau^
on the Rhine, with a bridge over the river, 6 m.
N. E. Eglisau, 9 S. E. Zurzach. Pop. 1,700.
360
K A L
K A M
Kaisersicerth, t. Prussian territories, on tlie
Rhine, 5 m. N. by W. Dusseldorf,
Kajaaga, or Gallam, country, W. Africa, on the
upper part of the Senegal. The capital is Gal-
lam.
Kaketi, the most easterly and mountainous prov-
ince of Georgia, in Asia.
Kakiat, p-v. in Hampstead, N. Y.
Kakkabban, isl. Eastern sea, 40 m. E. Borneo.
Lon. 1 16° 50' E. Lat. 2° 8' N.
Kakundy, t. W. Africa, near the head of the
Rio Nunez. Here major Peddie, and captain
Campbell died. 160 m. N. Sierra Leone.
Kalatoe, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 122° 15'
E. Lat. 7° 18' S.
Kalcobo, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
117° 39' E. Lat. 5° 20' S.
Kaldenkirchen, t. Prussian province of Cleves-
and-Berg, 8 m. N. N. E. Ruremond. Pop. l,900.f
Kale, r. Scotland, in Roxburghshire, which falls
into the Teviot.
Kalfskar, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.
20° 35' E. Lat. 62^ 34' N.
Kalfven, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.
17° 7' E. Lat. 61° 3' N.
Kalgujev, isl. Eu. Russia, in the Frozen ocean,
belonging to Archangel, in 48° of E. lon. and 69°
of N. lat.
KaUiat, or Calhat, s-p. Arabia, in Ammon, on
the Persian gulf, 80 m, S, E. Muscat.
Kalingi, v. Greece, in Attica, 5 m. from Mara-
thon.
Kalisch, or Kaliss, t. kingdom of Poland, on the
frontier of the Prussian territory, and capital of
one of the eight palatinates into which the part of
Poland subject to Russia has lately been divided.
It is surrounded by walls. Pop. 6,400. 66 m. N.
W. Breslau, 126 W. by S. Warsaw. The palati-
nate of Kalisch contains 350,000 inhabitants.
Kalits ul Fars, or Canal o/Morez, branch of the
Nile, which commences 30 m. below Cairo, and
terminates in Lake Menzaleh.
Kalkas, a race of Mongols, who inhabit an ex-
tensive tract of country to the north of China,
bordering on Siberia. See Mongolia.
Kalkoon, or Turkey Islands, small islands in the
Eastern sea. Lon. 1 15° 45' E. Lat. 6° 15' S.
Kalla, small island in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.
23° 26' E. Lat. 64° 20' N.
Kallerasch, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, 36 m,
from Jassy.
Rallies, t. Pomerania, 34 m. E. Stargard. Pop.
1,700.
Kallmunz, t. Bavaria, at the confluence- of the
Nab and the Vils, 12 m. N. N. W. Ratisbon. Pop.
900.
Kalh^ M'aggy or Great, t. Hungary, 39 m. S. E.
Tokay.
Kallunborg, s-p. Denmark, on the W. coast of
Zealand, with an excellent harbour. 69 m. W.
Copenhagen. Lon. 11° 6' 33" E. Lat. 55° 40'
54' N. Pop. 1,400.
Kalmar. See Calmar.
Kalmitcs, a tribe of Tartars inhabiting the coun-
try south of the Altay mountains, between lon. 70°
and 90° E. Their wealth consists in their cattle.
Kalnick, ridge of mountains in Croatia.
Kaloper, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 42 m. N.
E. Philippopoli .
Kalpaki, v. Greece, in Arcadia.
Kalsching, t. Bohemia, 87 m. S. by W. Prague.
Kalten-Js'ordheim, t. Germany, in Saxe-Wei-
mar, on the Fulda. 23 ro, S. Evsenach. Poo.
1,150.
Kallemtein, i. Austrian Silesia, 10 m. S. Neissc,
Kalubblub, small isl. in the Eastern sea, near
Mindanao. Lon. 121° 32' E. Lat. 6° 46' N.
Kaluga, government of Eu. Russia, bounded by
those of Moscow, Smolensko, Tula, and Orel, ly-
ing between 35° 48' and 37° 52' E. lon. and 51°
and 54° 30' N. lat. Extent, 8,500 sq. miles. Pop.
in 1796, 853,000, and is now considerably in-
creased. The chief products are com, hemp, and
flax.
Kaluga, t. Russia, and cap. of the government
of Kaluga, lies on the Oka. It has manufactures
of canvas, cotton, paper, hats, woollen, and leath-
er. 107 m. S. W. Moscow, 437 S. E. St. Peters-
burg. Lon. 36° 5' E. Lat. 54° 3' N. Pop. 17,000.
Kalwary, t. Poland, in Augustow, 76 m. W. by
S.Wilna. Pop. 2,700.
Kama, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into the Wol-
ga, 24 m. below Kasan.
Kamak, v. Turkish Armenia, on the Euphrates,
10 m. S. S. W. Erzerum.
Kamalia, t. Manding, in W. Africa. Lon. 6°
25' W. Lat. 12° 40' N.
Kamalia, v. Bambarra, in W. Africa, on the Ni-
ger, 18m.S.W. Sego.
Kaman, v. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 27 m. N.
W. Kaisarieh,
Kamarskoi, fort, A. Russia, on the S. E. frontier
of the empire.
Kamatchins, people of Siberia, inhabiting the
right bank of the Yenisei.
Kambamba, district of Angola, in Africa, on the
river Coango, 180 m. S. E. Loanda.
Kambele, s-p. Mekran, in Persia, 120 m. S. Kej.
Kameh, district, Afghanistan, in Cabul, between
4° and 35° N. lat. on the Kameh or Cabul river.
Its principal town is Adeenagur.
Kamen, or Kcefime, t. Prussian Poland, 42 m,
W.N. W. Posen.
Kamenits, t Bohemia, 24 m. N. N. E. Tabor.
Pop. 1,550.
Kamenits, t. Sclavonia. Lon. 19° 51' 45" E.
Lat. 45° 4' N. Pop. 1,500.
Kamenitz, t. Moravia, 13 m. E. Iglau. Pop.
1,150.
Kamensk, t. Russia, in Perm, 42 m. E. Eka-
terinburg. Pop. 2,000.
Kamenz, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the
Black Elster, 18 m. N. E. Dresden. Lon. 14° 1'
E. Lat. 61° 16' N. Pop. 2,250, chiefly Protes-
tants.
Kameran, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia. Lon. 42° 25' E. Lat. 15° 6' N.
Kameylc, t. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 28 m. S.
by VV. Prague.
Kamiaba. See Kancaba.
Kaminetz-Podolsk, (Government of.) See Po-
dolia.
Kaminiec, or Kaminetz-Podolsk, t. Russian Po-
land, cap. of the government of Podolia. Its cas-
tle is one of the best fortifications in Poland. 110
m. W. Braclau, 120 S. E. Lemberg.' Lon. 27° 1'
E. Lat. 48° 40' N. Pop. 5,600.
Kamionka, t. Poland, 19m. N. Lublin.
Kamlach, r. Suabia, which falls into the Mindel,
2 m. N. N. W. Burgau.
Kamlach, Upper, v. Bavaria, 4 m. W. Mindel-
heim.
Kammemy. See Santorin.
Kamnitz, t, Bohemia, 30 m. S. E. Dresden. Pop.
2,200. Lon. 14° 32' E. Lat. 50° 47' N.
Aflmo£/er, small isl. in th" Ea«t*>rn sea, Lon
132° 5' F .Lat. 6° 30' S.
KAN
K A O
361
Kamp, r. Austria, which falls into the Danube
E. ofKrems.
KamUchatka, a peninsula in the N. E. of Asia,
fcrminj part ol the Russian government of Irk-
outsk. On the E. it has the Pac;ific ocean, and on
the W. the sea of Okliotsk. It extends from N. to
S. between 51° and 62° N. lat. 600 miles long-, and
is nearly 300 broad. A range of very lofty moun-
tains extends through the whole length of the pen-
insula, and contains several volcanoes. The cold
climate and barren soil prevent the production of
grain even in the smallest quantity. In the ab-
sence, however, of vegetable productions, the land
swarms with wild animals, which yield the richest
and most valuable furs. The sable is more plenti-
ful nere than in Siberia. The coasts and rivers
swarm with fish, which form the main article of
food to the inhabitants. This region is inhabited
by a native race peculiar to itself. They are in
general below the common iieight ; have broad
shoulders, and a large head. The face, and par-
ticularly the nose, is long and flat, the eyes small
and sunk, the lips thin, and they have scarcely any
beard. Dogs are universally used for labour and
draught. This country was first known to the
Russians in 1690. It is now wholly under their
dominion. The natives have sufiiered much from
the introduction of ardent spirits, and from the
small pox. Their number which at first was esti-
mated at 15,000, does not, by the late census, ex-
ceed 2,843. Besides the natives, there are Cos-
sacks and Russian soldiers, to the number of 300,
and about 1,000 criminals, convicted of murder
and other atrocious crimes, who, as a punishment
equal to death, are banished to this remote and in-
hospitable region. The trade of Russia with
Kamtschatka is carried on from Irkoutsk by way
of Okhotsk. The imports, besides brandy, are
nankeens and other Chinese stuffs, together with
various commodities of Russian and foreign manu-
facture. The only export is furs, the amount of
which is valued at from 50,000 to 100,000 rubles.
Kamyschtn, or Demilrefsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Sar-
atov, on the Wolga, 90 m. S. Saratov. Lon. 45°
.24' 15'' E. Lat 50° 5' 6" N. Pop. 2,000.
Kamiischlova, t. Russia, in Perm. Pop. 2,100.
Lon. 61° 20' E. Lat. 56° 50' N.
Kanadai, t. Eu. Russia, 123 m. S. W. Simbirsk.
Pop. 1,800.
Kaiiany, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 129° 36'
30'' E. Lat. 1°47'30''S.
Kancaba, t. Manding, in W. Africa, 50 m. S. W.
Bammakoo.
Kan-choo-foo, city, China, in the province of
Kiangsi, at the junction of two considerable riv-
ers. Lon. 1 14° 30' E. Lat. 25° 52' N.
Kanda, t. Congo, in W. Africa, 30 m. N. E.
St. Salvador.
Kandahar, an extensive province of Afghanis-
tan, between 31° and 3-1° N. lat. and between 64°
and 68° E. lon. About half of the inhabitants re-
side in towns, and the other half are migratory,
and subsist by pasturage. It was long understood
in Europe, that Kandahar was a mountainous
province, and formed a complete barrier on the
side of Persia. It is now known to be a level,
though elevated country.
Kandahar, the cap. of the above province, and
formerly the capital of Afghanistan. Also a cele-
brated fortress, 2 m. N. of the city, in lat. 39° 20'
N. lon. 65° 30' E. on the top of a precipitous rock,
and before the introduction of cannon, was consid-
ered as impregnable. The city is said to be three
miles in circumference ; and standing on the great
road between Persia and India, continues to be
flourishing and populous. The environs are h.gh-
ly cultivated, and abound with numerous gardens
and orchards, the melons and grapes of which axe
said to be delicious.
Kandal, s-p. Abyssinia, on the Red sea, 150 m.
S. E. Arkeeko.
Kandel, r. Swiss canton of Bern, which falls int©
the Aar below Thun.
Kane, r. Tomsk, in A. Russia, which falls into
the Yenisei.
Kanebadam, t. Independent Tartary, on the Si-
hon, 64 leagues N. E. Samarcand.
Kanem. See Cantm.
Kanga, s-p. Loango, in Africa.
Kangaroo Island, on tlie S. coast of New Holland.
Lon. of Kangaroo Head, 137° 58' 31" E. Lat. 35°
43' S.
Kangelang, isl. in the Eastern sea, about 24
miles long. Lon. 1 15° 44' E. Lat. 6° 37' S.
Kangrah, or Catochin, district, Hind, in Lahore,
S. W. of the Himmaleh mountains, between Beyah.
and Rauvy rivers.
Kangrah, or Kale Kangrah, a celebrated for-
tress of Hindostan, in the N. part of the province
of Lahore. Lon. 75° 50' E- Lat 32° 20' N.
Kanhawa. See Kenhawa.
Kaniev, or Kaniov, t. Russian Poland, on the
Dnieper, 70 m. S. by E. Kiev.
Kanijee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 5 m. S. Rhadun-
pore.
Kanin-JVos, isthmus in Frozen ocean, between
the White sea and the bay of Tscherkoja-Guba,
between 66° 30' and 68° N. lat.
Kaniss, t. Africa, on the Nile, 25 m. E. S. E.
Dongola.
Kanitz, t. Moravia, on the Iglau, 10 m S. W.
Brunn. Lon. 16° 21' E. Lat 49° 4' N. Pop.
1,600.
Kankakee, r. which rises near the head waters
of the St. Joseph's of iVIichigan, in Indiana, and
passing into Illinois, unites with the Desplanes, to
form the river Illinois. In time of high water,
boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph's.
Kankho, or Kankiang-ho, r. China, in the prov-
ince of Kiangsee, flowing from N. to S. and falling
into Poyang lake.
Kansas, r. JVIissouri Territory, which rises in
the plains between the Platte and the Arkansaw,
and joins the Missouri in lat. 39° 5' N. 340 m.
above its mouth. It is navigable 900 miles. The
Kansas Indians live on its banks.
Kanskoe, small isl. Sweden, at the entrance of
the Cattegat.
Kanicheou, t. near .the N. W. extremity of Chi-
na.
Kantera, el, v. Africa, 14 m. S. Tunis.
Kanth, t. Silesia, on the Westritz, 12 m. S. W,
Breslau. Pop. 1,000.
Kanlore, small kingdom of W. Africa, on the S.
side of the Gambia, opposite Wooly.
Kanzach, r. Suabia, which falls into the Dan-
ube, below Riedlingen.
Kao, one of the Friendly islands in the S. Pa-
cific ocean, called also Aghao, or Oghao, and Kay-
bay. Lon. 184° 58' E. Lat. 19° 42' S.
Kaotcheoufou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-tong, 36 m. from the sea, on a river, which
is navigable ud to the city. 200 m. E. S. E. Can-
ton. Lon. IIQO 4' E. Lat 21-^ <}0' N.
4n
S62
K A R
K A R
Kapelh, Cape, the S. point of the island of Ceri-
gOf in the Mediterranean.
Kapendriili, (an, Trisorythus,) v. Greece. Be-
tween this place and Marathon, was fought the
famous battle of Marathon.
Kapini Isle, isl. about 26 miles in circumference,
off the W. coast of Sumatra.
Kaplitz, t. Bohemia, on the Malsch, 9 m. S. E.
Crumau. Pop. 1,400.
Kapnik, or Banya Kapnih, t Transylvania, in
Kovar, 37 m. N. by E. Clausenburj.
Kapnik-Banja, t. Transylvania, 55 m. N. by E.
Clausenburg.
Kappt'l, or Windisch Kappel, t. Austrian Illyria,
in Cariuthia, 18 m. S. E. Klagenfurt.
Kapsdorf, or Kaposztafahi, v. Hungary, 26 m.
N. N. W. Cassovia. Pop. 900.
Kaputar t. Hungary, 21 m. E. by S. Oeden-
burg.
Karagilar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 40 m.
W. Burgas. Pop. 7,000.
Karagol, Cape, (an. Posodium,) promontory on
the N. E. coast of Corfu.
Karagool, v. Armenia, on the Morad, 75 m. S.
E. Erzerum.
Karak, isl. in the Persian gulf. It contains 12 or
13 square miles, and affords a safe anchorage at all
seasons. Lat. 29° 14' N.
Karakakooa, bay on the VV. end of the island of
Owyhee. Loo. 204° E. Lat. 19° 28' N.
Karakul, or Karakalla, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wa-
laclua,85 m. W. S. W. Bucharest, 65 E.'S. E. Wid-
din. Lon. 25° 58' E. Lat. 44° A' N.
KarakaJpacs, a people of Tartary, who inhabit
the country E. of the Aral, and N. of tlie Sihon or
Jaxartes.
Karakita, small isl. in the Eastern sea, S.of San-
gir. Lon. 125° 25' E. Lat. 3^ T N.
Karaman, or Caramon, city of Caramania, in
Asia Minor. It trades with Cjesarea, Smyrna,
and Tarsus, and has an extensive manufacture of
blue cotton cloth. 55 m. S.Kenieh, 67 N. Kelen-
dri.
. Karamurad, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 22 m.
N. W. Mancalia.
Karamusal, t. Asia Minor, on the sea of Marmo-
ra, 36 m. N. N. E. Bursa.
Karamustafalar, t. Romania, 20 m. N. by E.
Philippopoli.
Karaneracz, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the
Morava, 22 m. N. W. Kursumblia.
Karang Sambong, t. Java, on a fine river, 168
m. S. E. Batavia.
KarovJcalla, t. Kaarta, in W. Africa, 10 m. W.
Kemmoo.
Knrasch, r. Hungary, which joins the Danube
at Uj-Palanka.
Karasjee, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75° 28' E.
Lat. 17° 26' N.
Karass, a Tartar village, at an equal distance
from the Euxine and Caspian seas, under the Rus-
rian government, within a few days' journey of
Persia, »nd Bukliaria, and within 50 miles of Tur-
key. This place is occupied by the Scotch Mis-
yifinaries, sent out by the Edinburgh Society in
IvJOS. Besides endeavouring to instruct the Tar-
tars in Christianity, they have purchased many
native youths, slaves to the Circas.uans and Kuban
Tartars, and have formed a school, in which they
are taug-ht the Turkish and English languages.
The Russian government has made a grant of land
■*© the mission, and annexed t^ the grant some im-
portant privileges. The New Testament and sev-
eral Tracts have been translated by the Missiona-
ries, and widely disperseJ, by means of travellers
and pilgrims. Many difficulties have arisen from
the unsettled state oi" the country, and the perpet-
ual irruptions of the hostile Tartars.
Karasu, (an. Mons ringcrus, mt. Eu. Turkey,
in Romania, which forms the E. boundary of Ma-
cedon.
Karasu, r. Eu. Turkey, which falls into the
Archipelago, opposite the island of Thasos.
Karasu, r. Persia. See Kerah.
Kara, su, r. Asia Minor, which falls into the Ki-
zil Irmak.
Karasvbarar, t. Eu. Russia, in the Crimea, 35
m. N. E. Bakhishisarai. Pop. 2^00.
Karatschev, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Sneshat,
50 m. W. by N. Orel.
Kara Veria. See Veria.
Kardanah, (an. Belus,) r. Palestine, which falls
into the Mediterranean, 8 m. S. Acre.
Kardszag, t. Hungary, cap. of Great Rumania,
43 m. N. by VV. Bakes. Pop. 8,500.
Kartwittee, district on the E. side of Ceylon,
between 7° and 8° N.lat.
Kargala, t. Eu. Russia, in Orenburg, on the
Sakmara. Pop. 2,000.
A'rtrga/a, 3 small rivers in Orenburg, A. Rus-
sia, which fall into the Samara.
Kargaldzin, lake, Russian Tartary, 340 m. S-
Orenburg.
Kargaie, r. Tomsk, in Siberia, which falls into
Lake Tchani.
Kargaw, t. Hind. inKhandesh. Lon. 75*^ 35' E.
Lat. 21° 54' N.
Karge, or Kargora, t Prussian Poland, 49 m.
S. W. Posen. Pop. 1,750.
Kargopol, t Russia, on the river Onega, where
it issues from lake Latscha, 196 m. E. Olonetz,
Lon. 38° 50' E. Lat. 61° 30' N. Pop. 5,000.
Kariadeh, v. Asia Minor, 18 ra. W. Smyrna.
Karical, t. India, in Tanjore. The territory
around is extremely fertile ; and tliere are exten-
sive salt-works in its vicinity. The fort is on the
N. side of a small river, oj12 of the branches of the
Cauvery. Lon. 79° 54' E. Lat. 10° 55' N.
Karitza, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 2i m. N. E.
Thanaton.
Karkarlang, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. \2GP
59'E. Lat.4°45'iN.
Karkov. See Charkov,
Karhburg, or Loioer JVeissenburg, a palatinate
of Transylvania, lying along the Marosh, on the
border of Hungary. Extent, 1,800 square miles.
Pop. nearly 100,000.
Karhburg, Alba Carolina, or Belgrad, t. Tran-
sylvania, on the Marosch, formerly the residence
of the princes of Ti*ansylvania. It is the only reg-
ular fortress of the countr}', is a bishop's see, and
has 5,500 inhabitants. 32 m. N. W. Hermanstadt,
49 S. bv W. Clausenburg. Lon. 23° 34' E. Lat,
46° 4' N.
Karlsharen, t. Hesse Cassel, 22 m. N. Cassel.
Pop. 1,100.
Karhtadt, a circle of Austrian Illyria. Extent,
1,540 square miles. Pop. 108,000. Carlstadt n
the capital.
Karhtadt, an extensive government of Sweden,
comprising almost the Avhole of the ancient prov-
ince of Warmeland. Extent, 4,267 square mile»-
Pop. 140,000. The capital is Carlstadt.
Karhtein, t. Lower Austria, on theTheya, 7 m
N. VV. Waidhofen, 19 N. by E. ZweU.
E
K A S
Aarmoe, isl. Norway, at tlie entrance of the bay
Sf Stavanjer, in Christiansand,
Karnae. See Camac.
Karnowitz. See Jagerndorf.
Karoota^ small district, Abysiiuiaq S. of Begem-
der.
Karotscha, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 30 m. N. E.
Bielgorod. Pop. 4,000-
Karotla, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 126° 50'
E. Lat.50N.
Karouly, t. Hind, in A;2^ra, ou Putchpuree riv-
er. Lon." 770 E.Lat. 26*^35' N.
Karoivs, a people in the interior of Guinea.
Karpfen, Koi-pona, or Krupina, t. Hungary, in
3ohl. Pop. 3,(X)0. 96 m. E. Vienna. Lon. 19°
7'5''E. Lat.48° 21'50"N.
Karpoot, formerly Cfiarpote, t. Kurdistan, in the
valley of Sophene.
Karsek, isl. near the W. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 45° 20' VV. Lat. 60° 35' N.
Karskoe More, gulf of the Frozen ocean, W. of
Nova Zembla.
Karsun, t. Eu. Russia, in Simbirsk, 60 m. W. S.
W. Simbirsk. Pop. 3,300.
Kartal, t. Anatolia, on the sea of Marmora, 40
m. W. Ismid.
Karlan, or Martan, 4 small islands near the S.
coast of Arabia. Lon. 54° 50' E. Lat. 17° 30' N.
Kartbirt, v. Diarbekir, 48 m. W. N. W. Diar-
kekir.
Karteron, v. Syria, on the Euphrates, 10 m. S.
Osara.
Kartes, t, Whidah, on the Slave coast of Guin-
ea, 12 m. E. Sabi.
Kartuel, or Kartalinia, the most western prov-
ince of Georgia, in Asia, bordering on Imeretia, on
both banks of the Kur.
Karuku, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 3 m. E.
Aniboyna.
Kas, el, or Ras Kasaron, cape, Egypt, on the
coast of the Mediterranean, 3 m. N. Catieh.
Kasabi, v. Syria, on the Euphrates, 25 m. E. El
Der.
Kasan, government of Eu. Russia, between 46°
20' and 49° 40' E. lon. and 54° and 57' N. lat. and
surrounded by tiie governments of Viatka, Oren-
burg, Niznei- Novgorod, and Simbirsk. Extent,
22,000 square miles. Pop. about 850,000, partly
Russians and partly Tartars. It consists for the
most part of an immense plain. The soil is in gen-
eral fertile. The products are corn, frbit, hemp,
and hops. In former ages this country was called
Bulgaria, (or Volgaria,) from its lying along the
river Volga.
Kasan, city, Russia, on the Kasanka, about four
miles above its junction with the Wolga. It con-
tains 17,500 inhabitants, is a bishop's see, and the
seat of a small university, founded in 1803, and at-
tended by about 60 students. It has large soap-
works and tanneries, and is well situated for trade,
being the central point between St. Petersburg,
Archangel, Tobolsk, Astracan, Moscow, and Oren-
burg. At a little distance from Kasan is a new ad-
miralty establishment, with a navigation school,
magazines, and a dock-yard, where galliots are
constructed, and sent down the Wolga to the Cas-
pian sea. 208 m. E. by S. Niznei-Novgorod, 345
E. S. E. Kostroma. Lon. 49° 21' 9'' E. Lat. 55°
47'51''N.
Kasbaite, (an. Satafa,) t. Algiers, 50 m. S. W.
Constantina.
Kaschin, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, on the Kaschin-
K A T
3Q9
ka, 78 m. E. N. E. Tver, 117 N. Moscow. Pop
3,600.
Kaschira, t. Eu. Russia, in Tula, on the Oka, 73
m. S. by E. Moscow. Pop. 1,600.
Kashan. See Cashan.
Kashgar, or Cashgar, city in Chinese Tartary,
530 m. N. E. Cashmere. Lon. 80° 14' E. Lat. 39"
35' N. It was formerly capital of a country of the
same name, which now forms the western part
of Little Bukharia.
Kasimov, t. Eu. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oka,
160 m. E. by S. Moscow. Pop. 6,200.
Kaskaskia, r. Illinois, which rises in the N. E.
part of the state, and running S. W. falls into the
Mississippi, 84 m. below the mouth of the Illinois,
and 100 above tliat of the Ohio. It is navigable
for 150 miles, and the lands on its banks are repre-
sented as remarkably fertile.
Kaskaskia, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. Illinois,
is on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 1 1 miles
from its mouth, 150 S. W. Vincennes. It contains
a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, and about
160 houses scattered over an extensive plain.
The town was settled upwards of 100 years ago
from Lower Canada, and about one half of the in-
habitants are French. The surrounding country
is under good cultivation. Pop. 622.
Kaskinompa, r. Tennessee, which runs into tlie
Mississippi near the borders of Kentucky.
Kasko, or Kaskoken, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland,
on an island in the gulf of Bothnia, opposite Wasa,.
Lon 21° 10' 35" E. Lat. 62° 22' 10" N.
Kasmark, Kesmark, or Kaiscrsmnrk, t. Hungary,
on the Poprad. A large quantity of excellent linen
is manufactured here, and exported. 164 m, E.
N. E. Presburg. Lon. 20° 27' E. Lat. 49° 7' N.
Pop. 4,300.
Kasr Kiassera, (an. Mcapolis,) s-p. Egypt, 5 m.
N. E. Alexandria.
Kassan, t. W. Africa, in Yani, on the Gambia,
36m.N.W.Pisania.
Kasson, kingdom. Central Africa, on the up-
per part of the Senegal, having Kaarta on the E.
and Kajaaga on the VV.
KastanJa, (an. Castabala,) t. Asia Minor, 45 m.
N. N. E. Scanderoon.
Kastri, t. Greece, in the Morea, near the site of
the ancient Hermione.
Kaslricum, Cape, cape on Company's island, in
the Pacific. Lon. 151° 40' E. Lat. 46° 30' N.
KataMin, or Ktadne, lofty mt. Maine, 80 m. N.
Bangor. It commands an extensive prospect, em-
bracing 72 lakes.
Kaiapang, small isl. in the Eastern sea, near
the N. coast of Java. Lon. 113° 22' E. Lat. 7°
39' S.
Katchins, people, A. Russia, in Tomsk, on the
Yenisei, in number about 6,000.
Katerly, (an. Drepanvm,y t. Asia Minor, on a
bay of the sea of Marmora.
Katerskill, the S. branch of the Catskill. Its
mouth is 2 m. W. of the Hudson.
Katharinoslau. See Eknterinosfav.
Katinna, city of Interior Africa, in Houssa, a
month's journey N. of the Niger.
KalirU. See Kalerly.
Katiali, t. Asia Minor, on the sea of Marmora,
36 m. S. Constantinople.
Katlabuga, r. Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, which
joins the Danube, 5 m. E. Ismael.
Katoul, t. Hind, in Berar.
Katrin, t. Eu. Turkev, in Thessaljr, 36 m. S. by
W. Salonica. Pop. 1.500.
364
K E A
Katrine, Loch. See Keiterin, Loch.
KatskiU. See Catskill.
Kattenbrunn, mt, Germany, in Saltsburg : it
rises above 9,340 feet in height.
Katsbachj r. Silesia, which joins the Oder near
Leubus.
Kavenaugh, p-t. Wilson co. Ten.
Kaufbeuren, t. Bavarian states, in Suabia, on the
Wertach, 38 m. S. by W. Augsburg. Lon. 10° 26'
6" E. Lat. 47° 53' 30" N. Pop. 4,200.
Kauffungen, v. Hesse-Cassel, on theLosse, 5 m.
S. E. Cassel. Pop. 1,540.
Kaukeban, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 18 m. W. Sana.
Kaurdts, or Lower Kanitt, t. Moravia, on the
Iglawa, 6 m. S. S. W. Brunn.
Kaurzim, circle, Austrian dominions, in Bohe-
mia, between the Elbe and the Muldau. Extent,
1,030 square miles. Pop. 142,000.
Kaurzim, t. Bohemia, 43 m. W. S. W. Konigin-
gratz. Lon. 15° 5' E. Lat. 49° 56' N. Pop, 1,550.
Kavschani, t. Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the
Kotna, 12m. S. Bender.
Kauizen, t. Lower Austria, 9 m. N. Waidho-
fen.
Kawar. See Kuara.
Kaweel, district, Hind, in Berar, between 21°
and 22-= N. lat. The chief town is Ellichpore.
Kaicv£k, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 69°
30' E. Lat. 35° 40' N.
Kay and Palzig, 2 villages of Prussia, in the
New Mark of Brandenburg, 7 m. W. N. W. Zulli-
chau.
Kayadarossoras, r. Saratoga co. N. Y. which falls
into Saratoga lake.
Kaybce, country of interior Africa, 33 journies
N. Ashantee, 9 beyond Kong.
Kaycoon Point, caoe on the W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 12!)o 50' E. Lat. 3° 22' S.
Kaye, t. 10 m. N. W. Loango, in Africa.
Kaye'f Island, in the Pacific ocean, near the W.
coast of N. America, rtbout 30 miles long and four
broad. Lon. 216° 58' E. Lat. 59° 49' N.
Kayee, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 55 m. E.
Gallam.
Kaynsiiam. See Kynrhara.
Kayooy v. Bambavra", in Africa, on the Niger, 60
ID. E. N. E. Bammakoo.
Kavor, Kingdom of, on the coast of W. Africa.
Lon. 14° 40' W. Lat. 17° N.
Kaywerree, country of interior Africa, N. of
Kaybee, and36 jourueys N. of Ashantee.
Kazan. See Kosan.
Kazeroon, t. Farsistan, in Persia, 70 m. W.
Schiras. Lon. 51° 43' E. Lat. 29° 44' N. Pop.
3,000, or 4,000.
Kasimiers, or Casimir, t. Poland, on the Vistu-
la, 25 m. W. Lublin, 70 S. S. E. Warsaw.
Kea, v. Bambarra, in Africa, 65 m. N. E. Sego.
Keach, r. Eng. which falls into the Tivy below
Kennarth.
Keady, v. Ireland, in Armagh, on the river Cal-
ien, 58 m. fr. Dublin.
Keanpan Head, cape, Scotland, on the island of
Lewis. Lon. 6° 5' W. Lat. 58° 15' N.
Kearnsville, p-v. Noi-thainpton co. Pa.
Kearsargp, mt. JN. H. in Sutton, about 25 m. N.
W. Concord.
Kearmrge. See Pigicacket.
Ke-trsarge gore, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m.
W.Concord. Pop. 125.
Kearsky, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. S. E. Great
Bolton. Pop. 1,388.
K E H
Keasktown, t. Rockingham co. Va.
Kebby, r. Wales, in Monmouthshire, which falls
into the Uske near Abergavenny.
Ktbet, small isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 130®
40' E. Lat. 7° 10' S.
Kedar, (an. Kadara,) Syria, on the river Jer-
muk, 50 m. N. Jerusalem.
Kedarnath, a celebrated place of Hindoo pil-
grimage, in the mountains of Serinagur. Lon. 79°
19' E. Lat. 32° N.
Keddleston, v. Eng. in Derbyshire, chiefly noted
for its mineral spring. Pop. 144. 5 m. N. Derby.
Kedeh-Farah, t. Asia Minor, in Sivas, 30 m. W.
Samsoun.
Kedgeree, t. Bengal, near the mouth of the
Hoogly. Lon. 88° 16' II Lat. 21° 55' N.
KedingcTty district, Hanover, in Bremen, on the
Elbe. Fop. 6,500.
Kedkevare-fjall, mt. Lulea Lappmark, in N.
lat. 67° 28'.
Keelan Isle, small isl. off tlie W. extremity of
Ceram. Lon. 127° 55' E. Lat. 3° 15' S.
Keema-Kedan, cluster of islands in the Eastern
seas. Lon. 124° 36' E. Lat. 10° 30' N.
Keen, or Kayndueni River, the second -principal
river in the Birman empire. It is supposed to
rise in the mountains which divide Assam from
Ava, and falls into the Irrawuddy at Miondap, in
lat. 21° 45' N.
Keene, p-t. and cap. Cheshire co. N. H. on Ashu-
elot river, 14 m. S. E. Walpole, 55 W. S. W. Con-
cord, 95 W. Portsmouth, 79 W. N. W. Boston.
The village is one of the handsomest in New-Eng-
land, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, meet-
ing-house, and about 60 dwelling houses. About
a mile from the village a canal is cut from the
Ashueiot, on which is a woollen factory, an oil
mill, and several other mills. Pop. 1,646.
Keene, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. 140 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 642. Here are extensive ironworks.
Keerpoy, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 87° 44'
E. Lat. 22° 46' N.
Keer-weer, Cape, cape, New Holland, in the
gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 141° 33' E. Lat. 13'='
58' S.
Keeten, Great and Little, 2 villages of North
Holland, one 4, and the other 6 m. S. of the
Helder.
Keff, t. in the interior of Tunis, near the E.bank
of the river Mejerdah, 70 ra. W. S. W. of Tunis.
Kejfins, i-l. in the Eastern seas, S. E. of Ceram.
Lon. 130° E. Lat. 3350' S.
Kejil, V. Irak Arabi, which the Jews and Ma-
hometans hold in peculiar veneration as the tomb
of the prophet Ezekiel, 14 m. S. Hillah.
Kef ken, small isl. of the Black sea. Lon. 30° 40'
E. Lat. 41° 6' N.
Kefreen, v. Syria, 15 m. fr. Aleppo.
Keft. SeeKvft.
Keger Point, the N. W. extremity of Fisher's
island, on the coast of Lapland, 25 m. S. E. Ward-
huis. It was formerly the station of the Danish fish
staples.
Kehl, t. in the S. W. of Germany, in the grand
duchy of Badeu, on the Rhine, opposite Strasburg.
It is of great importance in a military sense, on
account of the bridge across the Rhine, and the
well known fort in the immediate vicinity, which
wasbuiltby Vauban. In the wars with Germa-
ny, the French have always endeavoured to make
themselves masters of it, and generally with sue-
K E L
Kehoa, s-p. Tonquin. Lon. 105'= 21' E. Lat. 19°
i2' N.
Keighley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. The inhabit-
ants are chiefly supported by the cotton, linen,
and worsted manufactures, which are carried on
here with great industry and spirit, the latter es-
pecially employing; a great number of hands. 40.
m. W. York, 12 N. Halifax, 207 or 210 N. W.
London. Lon. 1« 55' W. Lat. 53° 52' N. Pop.
8,864
Keilahf in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in tlie ti-ibe
of Judah, 16 m. S. W.Jerusalem.
Keisenlik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 65 m. N.
E. Philippopoli.
Keiskammoj r. Kaffraria, in S. Africa, falling
into the Indian sea. Lon. 28'^ 6' E. Lat. 33° 12' S.
Keith, t. Scotland, in Banff co. 20 m. S. W.
Banff, 46i N. W. Aberdeen. Pop. 1,300.
Keith Inch, promontory, Scotland, the E. point
of Aberdeenshire.
Kej, t. Persia, capital of the province of Me-
kran. Being on the high road from Candahar and
Kelat, to the seaports of Guatter and Chobar, it is
a place of considerable importance. Lon, 62° 30'
E. Lat. 26° 10' N.
Kelang, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near Ce-
ram. Lon. 128° E. Lat. 3° 8' S.
Kelat, the capital of Beloochistan. It contains
above 4,000 houses. The inhabitants are a mix-
ture of Balouches, Afghans, and Hindoos. Lon. 67^
67' E. Lat. 29° 6' N.
Kelat, t. and strong fortress of Afghanistan, 60
m. E. jN. E. Kandahar.
Kelat, a fortress of Korassan, in Persia, on the
top of a high hill, 40 m. E. Mesched.
Keibra, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Helme, 27 m.
N.Erfurt. Pop. 1,600.
Kelendri, s-p. Caramania, in A. Turkey, on the
site of the ancient Celendris, 25 m. S. W. Selefkeh.
Keles, s-p. Anatolia, 28 m. E. N. E. Ephesus.
Kelikdoni, or Erminak, r. Asia Minor, (an. Ca-
lycadnus) wliich falls into the Mediterranean near
Selefkeh.
Keliub, province, Egypt, N. of Cairo.
Kellamungicilum, t. India, in Barramahal. Lon.
78° 5' E. Lat. 12° 35' N.
Kellheim, t. Bavaria, at the junction of the Alt-
Biuhl and the Dsnube, 46 m. N. N. E. Munich.
Lon. 11° 52' E. Lat. 48° 52' N. Pop. 1,800.
Kelli, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79° V E. Lat.
10° 20' N.
Kellinghavsen, v. Denmark, in Holstein, 34 m.
S.W.Kiel. Pop. 900.
Kellington. See Callington.
Kellington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. E. N. E.
Pontefract.
Kellogsville, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Kelts, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the Blackwatcr.
32 m. N. W. Dublin, 19 W. Drogheda. Lon. 6° 52'
W. Lat. 53° 42' N.
Kelts, V. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on King's river,
which falls into the Nore.
Kelts, V. Ireland, in Antrim, on the Glenwherry
river, 89 m. fr. Dublin.
Kelly-Bum, small r. Scotland, which is the
boundary between Ayrshire and Renfrew.
Ketlymte, t. Orleans co. Vt. 36 m. N. Montpe-
lier. Pojj. 40.
Kelpoory, district. Hind, in Delhi, about 29°
N. Lat. Kelpoory, the capital, is in lon. 79° 39'
E. lat. 28° 59' N.'
Keliall, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 9 m. E.by N. Chcs-
K E N
sen
Kelso, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. on the N.
side of the Tweed, opposite the junction of the
Teviot. It is a place of great antiquity, often
mentioned in the histories of the boixler wars. 42
m. S. by E. Edinburgh, HE. Jedburgh. Pop. in
1811,3,630.
Kelton, V. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, on the
NiUi, 4 m. S. Dumfries.
Keltsch, t. Moravia, 14 m. E. Prerau. Pop.
1,450.
Kelvin, r. Scotland, which falls into the Clyde,
at the village of Partick, 2 m. below Glasgow.
Kem, or Kemi, t. Eu. Russia, in Archangel, on
the White sea, 192 m. N. Petrovadsk. Lon. 28^
38' E. Lat. 64° 55' N. Pop. 900.
Kemaon, district. Hind, between 29° and 30*
N. lat. and 79° and 81° E. lon. The northern
part is subject to the rajah of Nepaul, the south-
ern, or flat part, belongs to the British territory
of Bareilly.
Kemberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 6 m. S. Wittenberg,
15 E. S. E. Dessau. Pop. 1,800.
Kemja, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls in-
to the Toungouska.
Keminoom, t. Fooladoo, W. Africa, on the river
Kokoro, 95 m. N. W. Hamalia.
Kemlet, r. Eng. which falls into the Severn be-
low Cherbui^.
Kemlet, r. Wales, which falls into the Tanot be-
low Place Yeha.
Kemlyn Bay, bay in Montgomeryshire, Wales.
Kemmelbach, t Austria, 3 m. S. Ips.
Kemmoo, t. W. Africa, cap. of Kaarta. Lon. 1^
46' W. Lat. 14°20'N.
Kemnath, t. Bavaria, 15 m. E. S. E. Bayreuth,
26 N. Amberg. Lon. 11° 55' E. Lat. 49° 53* N.
Pop. 1,400.
Kemnitz, Old, v. Silesia, 6 m. W. Hirschberg,
Pop. 1,300.
Kempeii, t. Prussian Westphalia, 17 m. N. W.
Dusseldorf, 15 N. E. Ruremonde. Pop, 3,000.
Kempen, or Kempno, t. Prussian Poland, 32 m.
S. Kalisch. Pop. 3,500.
Kempsville, t. Prince Anne co. Va. 9 m. S. E.
Norfolk.
Kempte?i, (an. Campodunum,) t. Bavarian
states, on the Iller, 66 m, W. S. W. Munich, 50 S.
by E. Ulm. Lon. 10° 18' E. Lat. 47° 44' N. Pop.
5,300.
Kemskoi, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 92° E.
Lat. 57° 25' N.
Ken, r. Eng. in Devonshire, which falls into
the Ex below Exeter.
Ken, (an. Kalaia,) small isl, in the Persian gulf.
Lon. 53° 40' E. Lat. 26° 27' N.
Kenagfi, v. Ireland, in Longford, 56 m. fr. Dub-
lin.
Kenary, small isl. Hind, 13 m. S. Bombay, 2i
fr. the mainland. Lat. 18° 42' N.
Kenath, in Sac, Geog. t. in Gilead.
Kenchesler, parish, Eng, in Hereford co, 5 m.
W. N. W. Hereford.
Kenchres, (an. Cenchres,) s-p. of the Morca, in
Argolis, on the gulf of Egina, 7 m. W. by S. Co-
rinth.
Kendal, t. Eng. in Westmoreland. It has been
long noted for it , woollen manufactures. The oth-
er manufactures are Kendal cottons, linseys, knit
worsted stockings, flannels, hats, sprges, Szc. 22i
m. N. Lar-caster, and 262i N. W. Loudon. Lon.
2° 44' W. Lat 54° 19' N. Po]i. 7,505.
Kendall, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine.
Kendall, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, near Muskingum
366
KEN
KEN
river, 7 m. W. Canton. It has an extensive wool-
len manufactory, and large flocks of sheep are
kept in the neighborhood.
Kendrick^s Island, N. W. coast of America,
forms the W. side of Nootka sound.
Kenduskeag, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which flows
into the Penobscot at Bangor.
Kene, or Kenne^ t. Upper Efjypt, It is chiefly-
supported by the great caravan from Western
and Central Africa, which passes annually through
it, briiiging numerous pilgrims destined for Mec-
ca and Medina. It was formerly the centre of the
trade betv/een Egypt and India, but this com-
merce has now greatly declined. Lon. 32° 25' E.
Lat260 9'36"N.
Kenfig, t. Wales, in Glamorganshire, 7 m. fr.
Bridgend,
Kenhawa, co. Va. on Ohio river, bordering on
Kentucky. Pop. 3,866. Slaves, 352. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Kenhawa, (Great) r. Virginia, which rises in
the wes-tern part of North Carolina, and running
N. and N. W. joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant, in
38° 55' N. lat. 252 miles below Pittsburg. About
100 miles from its mouth are the Great Falls,
where the river descends perpendicularly 50 feet.
The principal branch of the Kenhawa is Green-
briar, which enters it 40 or 50 miles above the
falls.
Kenhawa, Little, r. Va. which falls into the
Ohio a little below Marietta, (Ohio). It is navi-
gable 10 miles.
Kcnihvorth, called by corruption Killingworth, t.
Eng. in Warwickshirc,between Coventry and War-
wick. The town is principally noted fer its magnifi-
cent castle, which, along with an extensive chase
and park, formed at one time the pride and orna-
ment of all this part of the kingdom. The remains
of the castle present one of the most splendid and
picturesque wrecks of castellatod strength to be
found in England, and still imjart a melancholy
grandeur to the town and neighborhood. This
castle was founded by Geoffrry ds Cliiton, cham-
berlain and treasurer to kmg Henry I. Most of
the buildings, cf which the remains are still visi-
ble, were built by John of Gaunt, who had acquir-
ed the castle by marriage. Throughhis son Hen-
ry IV. the castle again returned into the hands of
the crov/n, and continued so, until queen Eliza-
beth conferred it on Robert Dudley, earl of Leices-
ter. This nobleman spent immense sums in
adorning and enlarging the building ; and when
all was finished, he entertained the queen here for
17 days, in a stile of extraordinary magnificence,
the particular.: of which are still preserved, 5 m.
N. Warwick, 101 N. W. London. Lon. F 35' W.
Lat. 52° 21' N. Pop. 2,279.
Kenlowie, r. Scotland, in Fifeshire, which falls
into St. Andrew's bay.
Kenmare, t. Ireland, in Kerry, on Kenmare riv-
er, 12 ra. S. S. W. Killarney.
Kenmare River, r. or arm of the sea, on the S.
W. coast of Ireland. The mouth is in lon. 9° 37'
W. lat. 51° 40' N.
Kenmore, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on Loch
Tay, 23 m. W. N. W. Dunkeld.
Kennebecasis, r. New Brunswick, which runs
E. and falls into the river St. John.
Kennebeck, co. Maine, on both sides of Kenne-
beck river, and inclosed by the counties of Som-
erset, Penobscot, Lincoln, and Oxford. Pop.
32,564. Chief town, Augusta.
Ketinebeck, r. Maine, next to Penobscot, the
largest in the State. It has two principal branch-
es. The eastern branch rises in Moosehead lake.
The western called Dead river, rises in the high-
lands, which separate Maine from Canada, and
unites with the eastern branch about 20 miles be-
low Moosehead lake. After the junction, the riv-
er flows south to the Atlantic. It is navigable for
ships 12 miles, to Bath ; for sloops, 45 miles, to
Augusta, at the head of the tide ; and for boats 60
miles, to Waterville. At Waterville the naviga-
tion is interrupted by Teconic falls, which afibrd
numerous sites for mills. The lands on the Ken-
nebec are fertile, and well adapted to tillage and
pasture.
Kennebunk, r. Maine, which runs into the At-
lantic at Kennebunk. It has a good harbor at its
mouth.
Kennebunk, p-t. and port of entry, in Wells,
York CO. Maine, at the mouth of the Kennebunk,
10 m. S. Saco, 25 S. W. Portland. Shipping in
1816, 11,741 tons. Here is a bank.
Kennet-Pans, v. Scotland, 1 m. W. Kincardine.
Kennett, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames at
Sunning,
Kennedy'' s, p-v. Brunswick co. Va,
Kennet, t. Chester co. Pa, Pop. 947.
KeyineCs square, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Kennomic. See Calemick.
Kennoway, v. Scotland, in Fife, 12 m. N. E.
Kinghorn.
Kenock, or Kenoque. See Knock.
Kensheim. See Kiensheim.
Kensington, populous v. Eng. in Middlesex,
nearly 2 miles from Hyde Park corner, and is
chiefly distinguished for its royal palace and gar-
dens.
Kensington, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 13 m. S.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 781.
Kent, maritime co. Eng. forming the S. E. angle
of the kingdom, bounded N. by the Thames,
which divides it from Essex, E. and S. E. by the
Germr.n ocean and straits of Dover, S. by Sussex,
and \N. by Sarry. It contains about 900,000
acres, or 1460 sq. miles, with 263 inhabitants to
each. The general aspect of this county is very
beautiful, from the diversity of the surface, and
the richness and variety of the scenery. It is es-
sentially an agricultural county; and every de-
partment oi husbandry is here prosecuted to a
great extent, and with great ability and suficess.
Pop. in 1811, 373,095 ; families 76,265, of which
number 27,077 were engP'jed in agriculture,
27,996 in trade and manufactures, and 21,192
otherwise.
Kent, CO. Lower Canada, between the rivers
Sorel and St. Lawrence.
Kent, CO. Up. Canada, on lake Erie.
Kent, CO. R. I. on the W. side of Narraganset
bay, bounded N. by Providence co. S. by Wash-
ington CO. and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 9,834.
Chief town, Warwick.
Kent, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Housaton-
nuc, 45 m. W. Hartford, Pop. 1,794. Iron ore
is found here, and wrought extensively.
Kent, or Frederick, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 20 m. S.
E. Poughkeepsie. Pop. 1,811.
Kent, CO. Del. bounded N. by Newcastle co. E.
by Delaware bay, S. by Sussex co. and W. by Ma-
ryland. Pop. 20,495. Slaves, 728. Chief town,
Dover.
Kent, CO. Md. bounded N. by Cecil co. E. b;^
KEN
K E R
367
Delaware, S. by Queen Anne co. and W. by
Chesapeake bay. Pop. 11,450. Slaves, 4,249.
Chief town, Chester.
Kent, isl. in Chesapeake bay, annexed to Queen
Anne co. Md.
KenVs Groups, small islands on the S. E. coast
of New Holland, in Bass's strait. Lon. of the
centre, 147° 25' E. Lat. 39^ 29' S.
Kentish Town, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 2 ra.
N. London.
Kenton, v. Eng. in Devonshire, at the conflu-
ence of the Ken with the Ex, 2 m. fr. Exmouth.
Pop. 1,793.
Kenton, East and West, t. Eng. in Northumber-
land, 3 m. N. N. W. Newcastle. Pop. 1,052.
Kentucky, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Illi-
nois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia ; S. by
Tennessee ; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends
from lat. 36° 30' to 39° 10' N. aud from lon. 81°
50' to 89° 20' W. Length on the southern line,
300 miles. Extent, 39,000 sq. miles, or 24,960,000
acres. Pop. in 1790,73,677; in 1800,220,959;
in 1810, 406,511, of which number 324,237 were
whites, 80,561 slaves, and 1,713 free blacks.
Kentucky is almost insulated by navigable riv-
ers. The Big Sandy, the Ohio, and the Missis-
sippi form its boundary on three sides, while the
Cumberland intersects its southern border. The
principal rivers which lie wholly vrithin the State
are Licking, Kentucky, and Green. — The only
mountains are tbe Cumberland range which sep-
arates it from Virginia in the S. E. The eastern
counties are mountainous. A tract along the
banks of the Ohio, from 5 to 20 miles wide, and
extending tlirough the whole length of the State,
is hilly and broken, but has a good soil ; the part
of this tract lying immediately upon the Ohio, for
about one mile in width on an average, consists of
bottom lands, and is subject to periodical inunda-
tion. Between this tract, the eastern counties
and Green river, lies the garden of the State., It
is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 miles
wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Flem-
ing, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette,
Scott, Harrison, Franklu^, Woodford, Mercer,
Jessemine, Madison, Gairard, Logan, Casey, Lin-
coln, Washington, and Green. The surface of
this district is agreeably undulating, and the soil
black and friable, producing black walnut, black
cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar
tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton wood, and white
thorn. The country between Green and Cum-
berland rivers is called "the barrens." In 1800
the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous
grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the im-
pression that it was of little value; but it proves
to be excellent grain land ; and hogs and cattle
are raised in abundance. — The whole Stale, be-
low the mountains, rests on an immense bed of
limestone, usually about 8 feet below the surface.
There arc every where apertures in this lime-
stone, through which the waters of the rivers sink
into the earth. The lai'ge rivers cf Kentucky,
for this reason, are more diminished during the
dry season, than those of any part of the United
States, and the small streams entirely disappear.
The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities.
They have generally worn very deep channels in
the calcarecus rocks over which they flow. The
precipices formed by Kentucky river are in many
placen awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular
banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, aurnwunted
witli a steep and difficult ascent, four times as
high. In the S. W. part of the State, betweem
Green river and the Cumberland, there are sev-
eral wonderful caves : one, called the Mammoth
cave, is said to be 8 or 10 miles long.
The principal productions of Kentucky are
hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt
springs are numerous, and supply not only this
State, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee witk
this mineral. — The principal manufactures arc
cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar.
The value of the manufactures in 1810 was esti-
mated at $6, 1 8 1,024. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat
are the principal exports. These are carried
down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans,
and foreign goods received from the same place
in return. Louisville, on the Ohio, is the centre
of this trade. The introduction of steam-boat
navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable
benefit to the commercial and manufacturing in-
terests of Kentucky.
The principal religious denominations are Bap-
tists, Presbyterians, and Methodists. The princi-
pal literary institutioa is the Transylvania uni-
versity at Lexington. A charter for another col-
lege, to be established at Danville, was granted
early in the year 1819. — The legislature consists
of a senate and house of representatives : the
former hold their seats 4 years, the latter are
ciiosen annually. The governor is chosen for
4 years, and is ineligible the succeeding 8. More
than 50 banks ha»re been incoi-porated in this
State.
Kentucky, r. Kentuckj^, rises in the highlands in
the S E. part of the State, and running N. W.
falls into the Ohio at Port William, 77 miles above
the rapids at Louisville. It is 150 yard^ wide at
its mouth, and is navigable for boats of consider-
able size, 180 miles in the winter floods. The
banks are generally high and rocky, presenting in
some places perpendicular precipices of limestone
of 300 feet.
Kentucky, Little, r. Ken. which runs into Xhz
Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Kentucky river."
Kentucky, Indian, r, Indiana, which runs into
the Ohio, nearly opposite the mouth of Kentucky
river.
Kents, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia^ 30 m. S.
\\. Cracow. Pop. 2,000.
Kenyan, t. Eng. in l-ancashire, 3 m. E. Newtoa
in Makerfield. Pop. 415.
Kenymi, t. Glengary co. Up. Canada.
Kenzingen, t. German v, on the Elz, 11 m. N.
Friburg. Pop. 2,200,
Keounsat/, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy.
Lon. 96° 40' E. Lat. 17° 20' N.
Keo-wee, r. U. S. the name of Savannah river
above its confluence with the Tugulo.
Keozee, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy.
Lon. 94° 50' E. Lat. 21° 19' N.
Kepher Kcnna, See Cana.
Kephsa. Sec Cephisia.
Keppel Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Hol-
land, which wa? found by captain Flinders to com-
municate with Port Curtis. Lon. of the anchor-
agL' 150° 58' E. Lat. 23° 29' S.
KeppeVs Island, small isl. nea.v the Falkland isl-
ands. Lon. 60° 15' W. Lat. 51° 24' S.
KeppeVs Island^ one of Queen Charlotte's isl-
ands. Lon. 194° 56' W. Lat. 10° 15' S.
KcppeV s Island. See Traitor^ s Island.
Kepss, V. Syria, near the ruins of Seleucia.
Kcrah, or Haweeza, called by the Turks Kam-
fu, r. Persia, which riers in Kurdistan, receiv^x
368
K E R
the Kazawur and the Gamasu, and passing by the
«ity of Haweeza, enters the Shut-el-Arab, about
20 m. below Koma.
Kerbela, t. Irak Arabi,near the W. bank of the
Euphrates. Its ancient name was Vologesia. It
is the resort of numerous pilgrims of the sect of
Ali. 50 m. S.S.W. Bagdad.
Kercolang, isl. in the Eastern seas, from 80 to
100 miles in circumference. It is -well cultivated
and populous. Lon. 126° 30' E. Lat. 4° 30' N.
Kerempe, cape, Anatolia, on the Black sea. Lon.
33° 10' E. Lat. 42° 45' N.
Kerensky t. Russia, in Penza, 81 m. N. N. E.
Tambov. Pop. 4,500.
Kerera, isl. Scotland, in Argyleshire, in the
sound of Mull, 8 m. fr. the island of Mull.
Keresoun, (an. Cerasus,) s-p. A. Turkey, on a
gulf of the Black sea, 70 m. W. S. W. Trebisond.
Keresztur, or Bodrogh-Kerfsslur, t. Hungary,
in Semplin, 6 m. S. Canischa. Lon. 21° 21' 32" E.
Lat. 48° 9' 28'' N. Pop. 4,000.
Kergeiein, t. Moravia, 14 m. S. Olmutz. Pop.
2,800.
Kergueleri's Land, or Island of Desolation, in
the Southern Indian ocean, about 90 miles long.
None but amphibious animals exist here,
and few vegetables. Lon. 69° 30' E. Lat. 49°
20' S.
Kerin, r. Chinese Tartary, which falls into the
Amour. Lon. 136° 44' E. Lat. 50° 44' N.
Keridg, r. Wales, in Denbighshire, which falls
into the Dee, 5 m. fr. Wrexham.
Keriog, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which falls
into the Dovy near Llanweryng.
Kerka, r. Dalmatia, which fzdls into the gulf of
Venice.
Kerkeni, small isl. near the E. coast of Tunis.
Lon. 11° 12' E. Lat. 34° 59' N.
Kerkook, t. A. Turkey, the largest in Lower
Kurdistan. Pop. about 13,000. Lon. 43° 42' E.
Lat. 35° 29' N.
Kerlon, r. Tartar}-, which rises in about Ion.
109° E. and lat 49° N. and, after a course of
300 miles, unites with the Opon, to form the
Argoune.
Kerman, (an. Caramania,) province of the Per-
sian empire. It has Mekran and Seistan on the
E. ; Laristan and Fars on the W. ; and the Persian
gulf on the S. Its central and northern part con-
sists of extensive deserts.
Kerman, or Sirjian, cap. of the above province,
was, at one period, among the proudest cities of
the Persian empire. In 1794, it was taken by
Aga Mahommed Khan, and given up to plunder for
three successive months. The finest edifices were
levelled with the ground, many of the inhabitants
slain, and 30,000 sent into exile. The city never
has recovered from this disaster. The population
does not now exceed 20,000. Its manufactures
and trade are still, however, very considerable:
the former consist in shawls, matchlocks, and car-
pets. Lon. 56° 10 E. Lat. 29° 30' N.
Kermannshaiv, t. Persia, in Irak. It contains
12,000 houses. 140 m. N. E. Bagdad. Lon. 46°
30' E. Lat. 34° 20' N.
Kern el Hutin, mt. Palestine, 10 m. N. Tabor.
Kerns, t. Switz. 1 1 m. S. Lucerne.
Kerouart Islets, small islets on the N. W. coast
of America, between 51° and 52° N. lat.
Kerpen, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Erft,
10 m. E. S, E. Juliei-s. Pop. 1,600.
Kerrapny, country, on the E. part of the C5old
K E T
coast of Africa, bordering on Whidah. It con-
tains several independent kingdoms and states.
Kerrsville, t. Lawrence co. Ohio.
Kerry, co. Ireland, bounded N. W. by the Shan-
non, N, E. by Limerick co. S. E. by Cork, and W,
by the Atlantic. Extent, 1,040,487 acres. A
very great proportion of the county is dreary,
desolate, encumbered with very lofty mountains,
rocky and often inaccessible. Pop. about 140,000.
Kerry Head, Ireland, the S. cape at the mouth
of the Shannon. Lon. 9° 47' W. Lat. 52° 24' N.
Kerry Point, cape, Ireland, in Down co. Lon
5° 22' W. Lat. 54° 22' N.
Kerschau, or Kersano, t. Istria, 10 m. N. N. E.
Pedena. Pop. 800.
Kershaw, district, S. C. on the E. side of the
Wateree. Pop. 9,876. Slaves, 4,847. Chief
town, Camden.
Kershope, r. Scotland, which forms for several
miles the boundary between Scotland and Eng-
land, and falls into the Liddal.
Kertsch, Kertz, or Kjerch, s-p. and fortress, Eu.
Russia, in the government of Taurida, on theE.
coast of the Crimea. It has a good harbor. This
fortress, and that of Jenikale, about 12 miles to the
E. N. E. command the strait between the Black
sea and the sea of Azoph. Its Russian name is
Vospor. 60 m. N. N. E. CafTa, 100 E. S. E. Pere-
kop. Lon. 36° 24' E. Lat. 45° 16' N.
Kersergebirge, a range of mountains in Tran-
sylvania, branching off from the Carpathians.
Kesem. See Kisseen.
Kesgo, Bay and Cape, on the N. coast of Spairi,
to the E. of Santander.
Kesh, or Qwex, t. Great Bukharia, 30 m. S. Sa-
marcand.
Kesker, or Kubar, s-p. Ghilan, in Persia, 25 m.
N. W. Reshd.
Kesselsdorf, v. Silesia, in Jauer, 4 m. N. W.
Lowenberg. Pop. 1,100.
Kesselsdorf, v. Saxony, 7 m. W. Dresden.
Kestzhely, t. Hungary, on the Platten see, with
a castle, and a seminary for the improvement of
agriculture. 23 m. S. Vasarhely. Pop. 9,000.
Keswick, t. Eng. in Cumberland co. delightfully
situated at the N. E. end of the romantic lake of
Derwentwater, in the beautiful vale of Keswick.
It is much visited by strangers who make the tour
of the lakes. 17 m. W. Penrith, 292 N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 3° 7' W. Lat. 54° 36' N. Pop. 1,683.
Keszdi Vasarhely, t. Transvlvania, 72 m. E. N.
E. Hermannstadt,'41 N. by E. Cronstadt. Lon.
26° 7' E. Lat. 46° 45' N. Pop. 5,000.
Ket, r. Scotland, in Wigtonshire, which runs
into the sea at Port Yarrock.
Ket, r. Siberia, which falls into the Obi, near
Narym.
Kclch-hissar, t. Caramania, in Asia Minor, 85
m. S. W. Kaisarieh.
Ketchluk, t. Caramania, in Asia I\Iinor, 98 m.
N. W. Konieh.
Ketce, t. Hind, in Sinde, on the Indus^
Ketskemet, t. Hungary, in the county of Pest.
It is the residence of many families of rank. 46
m. N. N. W. Sze-edin, 50 S. S. E. Pest. Lon. 19'^
42' E. Lat. 46° 54' N. Pop. 25,000.
Ketterin, or Catherine, Loch, a beautiful lake of
Scotland, in Perthshire, about 10 miles long, and
li broad, and distinguished for its picturesque
scenery.
Ketltring, t. Eng. in Northampton eo. It has
manufactures of tammies and lute.«trings. Pop.
K H A
3,242. 74 m. N. W. Loudon. Lon, 0° 43' VV.
Lat. 52° 24' N.
Kettle, r. Up. Canada, which runs into lake
Erie, W. of Long Point.
Kettlesholme, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 7 m. N. E.
Macclesfield.
Kettwyk, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer,
3 m. VV. N. W. VVerden. Pop. 1,400.
Kelzin, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg, on the
IJavel, 8 m. N. W, Potsdam. Pop. 800.
Kevelaer, t. Prussian Westphalia, 4 m. from
Gueldres.
Kcvcnny, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which
falls into the Uske at Abergavenny.
Kcula, t. Saxony, in Schwartzburg-Sonders-
bausen, 11m. N. Muhlhausen. Pop. 1,600.
Keuschberg, v. Prussian Saxony, 6 m. S. E.
Merseburg.
Keip, V. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, opposite
Old Brentford. Kew palace was a favourite re-
treat of George III. 'The botanic garden here,
chiefly for exotics, is one of the finest in the world.
Pop. 560. 6 m. W. London.
Keuaw, or Kiawa, small isl. on the coast of
S. C. between Johns island and the ocean.
Kewe.ena, point, N. W. Territory, on the shore
of lake Superior, 50 m. E. of the mouth of Ontan-
agan river. Here is found copper ore.
Kexholm, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, at the in-
flux of the Woxa into the lake Ladoga, 90 m. N.
St. Petersburg.
Keydee, t. Bengal, in Chuta Nagpore. Lon. 84°
49' E. Lat. 22° 46' N.
Keynsham, or Kaynsham, t. Eng. in Somerset-
shire, on the N. side of the Avon, 5 m. S. E. Bris-
tol, 116 W. London. Lon. 2° 29' W. Lat 51°
24' N. Pop. 1,748.
Keysd, or Szavd, Kessd, or Kuszdiu t. Transyl-
vania, 7 m. E. by S. Schsesburg. Pop. 2,000.
Key''s Isles, three islands in the Eastern seas,
about 133° E. lon. and between 5° and 6° N. lat.
Keystille, p-v. Charlotte co. Va.
K&yzer''s Bay, bay on the S. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 104° 38' E. Lat. 5° 40^ iN.
Kezil. See Kizilosen.
Khabur. See Kabour.
Khadarah, el, the Chadra of Edrisi, and perhaps
the Colonia Augiisla of Ptolemy, t. Tlemsan, in
Algiers, near the river Shelliff, 55 m. S. S. W.
Algiers.
Khaibar, t. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 120 m. E. N. E.
Medina. Lon. 40^ 50' E. Lat. 25'^ 10' N,
Khalitz. See Kalitz.
Khami. See Haini.
Khamiesherg, a station of the Wesleyan Mis-
sionary Society, in Little Namaqualand, in South
Africa.
Khanakee, t. Irak Arabi, 98 m. N.E. Bagdad.
Kkandesh, province. Hind, between 21° and
23° N. lat. bounded N. by Malwah, W. by Guje-
rat, S.bv Aurungabad, E. by Berar.
Khangah, el, t. Egypt, 12 m. N. E. Cairo.
Kharasin, country, Asia, lying along the E. side
of the Caspian sea, bounded S. by Korassan, and
E. by Great Bukharia. It is about 320 miles long
from N.to S. and the same distance from E. to W,
The country is fertile, and was formerly populous,
but has much declined under the de^lructive
power of the Usbeks.
Kharshoot, r. A. Turkey, whicli falls into the
Black sea, near Tereboli.
KUasgiinme. t. Hind, iu Agra. lyon.- 7S° 36' E.
Lat. 27° 52'' X.
47
K I A
369
Khatanga, r. Siberia, which rises in Tomsk,
and, after a course of nearly 500 miles, falls into
the Northern ocean.
Kliauar, or Haivari, t. Irak, in Persia, 200 m.N.
Ispahan.
Khemlasa, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78° 36'
E. Lat. 24° 15' N.
Khiber, or Teera, mts. on the N. boundary of
Afghanistan.
Khieva. See Chiva.
Khilli, Cape, on the N. E. coast of the island of
Negropont. Lon. 24° 4' E. Lat. 38° 36' N.
Khillis, t. Syria, at the foot of Mount Taurus,
28 m. N. N. W. x\leppo.
Khisht, V. Ears, in Persia, 63 m. E. Bushire.
Khodagungc, t. Hind, in Agra, oft Callynuddy
river, 15 m.fr. Cannonge.
Khodorkov, t. Russia, in Kiev, S. W. of the
city of Kiev. Pop. .'i,300.
Ktioee, t. Azerbijan, in Persia, on the borders of
the lake of Urumea. It is the emporium of a con-
siderable trade between Persia and Turkey. 150
m. W. Ardebil. Pop. 25,000.
Khogiloea, district of Ears, in Persia. Behaban
is the capital.
Khojund, city, Great Bukharia, scarcely equal-
led by any in this part of Asia for climate, beauty
of situation, and populousncss. The Sirr, or Si-
hon, the ancient jaxartes, flows under its walla.
120 m. N. E. Samarcand.
Klmisar, t. Persia, 92 m. N. W. Ispahan.
Kkoordah, district. Hind, in Orissa. Khoordah,
or Khoordaghar, the capital, is 30 m. S. VV. oi' the
city of C attack.
Khoosgal, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75° 13'
E. Lat. 15° 29' N.
Khooshalgur, t. Hind, in xijmeer. Lon. 76°
40' E. Lat. 26° 27' N.
Klcorassan. See Korassan.
Klwrfakan, s-p. Ommorj, in Arabia, on the Per-
sian gulf. Lon. 5,i° 40' E. Lat. 25° 18' N.
Kliorumabad, (an. Corbienne,) t. Irak, in Per-
sia, on the Kerah, 180 m. W. i\. W. Ispahan.
Khosciab, t Hedsjas, in Arabia, 26 m. S. W.
Medina.
Kkoziar, i. Beloochistan. Lon. 67° E. Lat.
30° 30' N.
Khyrabad, or Kairahad, district, Flind. in Oude,
between 27° and 28° N. lat. bounded W. by the
Ganges, and E. by the Gogra. Khyrabad, the
capital, is in lon. 80° 45' E. lat. 27° 29' N.
Kiab, t. Chusistan, in Persia, on the Kerah, 200
m. VV. Ispahan.
Kiahingfou, t. China, in the province of Tche-
kiang. The silk manufactures are very extensive.
130 m. S. E. x^fankin. Lon. 120° 14' E. Lat.
32° N.
Kiakhta, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, the centre of
all the trade carried on between the Russian and
Chinese emj^ires. The great fair is held in De-
cember, when merchaints flock thither from every
part of the Prussian empire. They bring cloths,'
furs, beavers, Russia and morocco leather; and
receive in exchange nankeens, silk stufls, tea,
rhubarb, &c. The Russian and Chinese towns
are separate from each other, and each defended
by a fort. The Chinese town is called Naimats-
chin. 330 m, S. Irkoutsk,
Kinngan, t. Anatolia, 256 m. E. S. E. Constan-
tinople.
Kiangrmn, province of China, bounded E. by
the sea, N. by Shantung, W. by Uonan,.aiid S. by
Tcli'skiAnsandQaaxis;se«. It may be considered
370
K I E
K I L
as the centre of the navigation, wealth, and com-
merce of this great empire. The great rivers
Hoanho and Yang-tse-kiang traverse it from E. to
W. From N. to S. it is crossed by the great ca-
ual, which opens an intercourse with Pekin. Nan-
kin is the capital.
Kiangsee, a fine province of China, extending
southwards from Kiangnan to Quangtong. It
yields in abundance rice and silk. An immense
manufacture of porcelain is carried on at Kingte-
ching.
Kiawa. See Kewaiv.
Kiawer, v. W. Africa, in Boorsalum, on the
Gambia.
Kibban, t. Koordistan, li m. fr. the Euphrates,
80 W.Diarbekir.
Kibblestone, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, adjoining
to Stone. Pop. 1,056.
Kihblesworlh, t. Eng. in Durham, 4 m. S. by W.
Gateshead.
Kichlingsbf.rg,t. Baden, 13 m. N. W. Freyburg.
Kickaboo, or Red buck, small r. Illinois, which
runs into the Illinois on the N. a litUe below lake
Pioria.
Kickapoot, Indians, in Illinois. They are scat-
tered along the rivers Wabash, Illinois, and Mis-
sissippi, but their largest settlement is in a Prairie
90 m. N. by E. Vincennes. They raise tobacco,
corn, beans, and potatoes, have a great number of
horses, and are good hunters. The number of
warriors is about 600.
Kickemuit, a N. W. arm of Mount Hope bay,
R. 1. 2 miles long and ^ a mile broad.
Kid, small isl. near the W. coast of Ireland, 3
m. S. W. Binwy Head.
Kidderminster, t. Eng. in Worcester co. on the
Stour, and connected by an inland navigation
with Birmingham, Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull.
It has long been noted for its manufactures of
crapes, bombazines, and poplins. But the carpet
manufacture is that which has taken the firmest
root, and promoted most essentially the trade,
wealth, and population of the town. Pop. 8,038.
13 m. N. Worcester, 126 N. W. London. Lon. 2°
14' W. Lat. 52^ 23' N.
Kidge. See K^.
Kidnappers, Cape, on the E. coast of New Zea-
land. Lon. 182° 24' W. Lat. 39° 43' S.
Kidron, in Sac. Geog. a brook flowing through
a valley between Jerusalem and Mount Olivet
into the Dead sea.
Kidu-elly, t. South wales, in Caermartheh co.
on both sides of the Lesser Gwendraeth. Co:d
and iron abound in the neighbourhood. 10 m. S.
Caermarthen, 226 W. London. Lon. 4° IB' W.
Lat. 51° 44' N. Pop. 1,441.
Kieidani, or Keidani, Eu. Russia, in Wilna,
near Kowno. Pop. 2,700.
Kiel, t. Denmark, and cap. of Holstein, at the
bottom of a bay or gulf in the Baltic, which forms
a convenient harbor. Ship-building and mercan-
tile agency are the principal occupations here.
The manufactures are hats, tobacco, starch, and
sugar refining. A great annual fair takes place
in Januaiy. It is the seat of a university, which
contained in 1818, only 107 students; the number
of regular professors is, however, 19, besides 10
extraordinary. 26 m. S. E. Sleswick, 51 N. Ham-
burgh. Lon. 10° 8' 18'' E. Lat. 64° 10' 43" N.
Pop. 8,000.
Kiel, a canal of Denmark, in Holstein, which
joins the Baltic to the Eyder, thus Ibrmins: a cotn-
munication with the G£'rin'.in oceun. It is 2-..*^
miles long, from 90 to 100 feet wide at the sur'-
face, 54 at the bottom, and at least 10 feet deep.
It has 6 sluices, and is capable of admitting ves-
sels 95 feet in length, 24 in width, and of 9 feet
draught.
Kielce, t. Poland, in Cracow, 24 m. E. by N..
Malagocz. Pop. 2,400.
Kiemi, or Kimi, t. Russia, in Finland, on the
river Kiemi, 3 m. fr. its mouth, 11 S. E. Tornea.
Lon. 24° 27' E. Lat. 66° 49' N.
Kieming, t. Russia, in F'inland, on the river
Jio, which falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Kien, small isl. in the Baltic, near the N. W,
coast of Russia.
Kiennhing-fou, city, China, in the province of
Fokien, or Footchieu, on the river Minho. Lon.
117° 2' E. Lat 27° 5' N.
Kiensheim, v. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m. N.
N. W. Colmar.
Kien-lchang-fou, city, China, of the first rank,
in Kiang-si. Lon. 118° 20' E. Lat. 27° 35' N,
Kieoukiangy city of the province of Kiangsee,
in China, on the Yang-tse-kiang, 3 or 4 miles be-
fore its junction with the lake Poyang. Lon.
115° 41' E. Lat. 29° 54' N.
Kiera. See Saniorin.
Kjersch. See Kertsch.
Kiertiminde, t. Denmark, in the island of Fu-
nen, 8 m. E. N.E. Odensee. Lon. 10° 40' E. Lat.
65°22'N. Pop. 1,000.
Kiev, a government in the S. W. of Eu. Russia,
bounded by Podolia, Volhynia, Minsk, Tschemi-
gov, and Poltava, from which last it is separated
by the Dnieper. It lies between 28° 40' and 33®
25' E. lon. and 48° 30' and 51° 50' N. lat. Ex-
tent, 21,000 sq. miles. Pop. about a million.
Kiev, Kiov, or Kiowy t. Eu. Russia, and cap. of
the preceding government, stands on the right
bank of the Dnieper, and consists properly of 3
towns, viz. the Old Town, Podol or the Lower
Town, and the fortress of Petscherski. It has a
university, established in 1803. The church of
St. Sophia at Kiev, being the earliest Christian
church in Russia, is an object of great interest,
and of frequent pilgrimage to the followers of th«
Greek faith. 270 m. N. by W. Cherson. Lon,
SO*^ 27' E. Lat. 50° 27' N. Pop. about 20,000.
Kikacco, t. Congo, in Africa, on the river Boki-
an, 30 m. S. E. Pango.
Kikiany, small isl. at the S. extremity of the
Japanese group. Lon. 132° 25' E. Lat. 29'-*
40' N.
Kilang. See Keelan.
Kilborn. See Kinbum.
Kilbrannin Sound, on the coast of Scotland,
between the peninsula of Kintyre and the isle of
Arran.
Kilcock, V. Ireland, in Kildare, on the Blackwa
ter, 14 m. W. by N. Dublin.
Kilconqiihar, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on tlu
frith of Forth, 1 m. N. Ely.
Kilcullen, or Kilcnllen Bridge, t. Ireland, in
Kildare co. on the Liffey, 21 m. S. W. Dublin, 7
E. Kildare.
Kildare, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Meath, E-
by Dublin and Wicklow, S. by C'arlow, and W.
by King's and Queen's counties. Extent, 593 sq.
miles. The county is mostly an extensive flat of
fine arable soil. Pop. at" least 110,000. The
proportion of Catholics to Protestants is 30 to 1.
Kildare, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. It is chief!)
supported by the frequent horse races in the neigh-
bourhood, having little or no trade. 33 m. W. N.
K I L
K 1 L
^1\
W. Wicklow, 25 W. S. W. Dublin. Lon. 6° 57'
W. Lat. 53° 4' N.
Kildare^ t. Warwick co. Lower Canada, 34 m.
N. Montreal.
Kildorenyj v. Ireland, in Cork co. 107 m. S. W.
Dublin.
Kilduyn, isl. in the Arctic ocean, on the coast
of Lapland. Lon. 33=^ 8' E. Lat. 68° 48' N. ^
Kildysart, t. Ireland, in Clare co. on the Shan-
non, 122 m. S. W, Dublin.
Kile/, t. Balk, in Central Asia, on the leftside
af the Oxus, 60 in. N, W. Balk.
Kilpenora, v. Ireland, in Clare co. 116 m. frc>m
Dublin.
Kiljiniclien, and Kilviceueru, parish, Scotland,
in Argyleshire, in the island of Mull. Pop. 3,205.
KUgerran, or Cilgerran, v. South Wales, in
Pembroke co. on the Tivy, 4 m. S. W. Cardigan.
Pop. 769.
Kilia JVbr«, t. Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the
N. branch of the Danube, which is navigable to
this town for the largest vessels used in the navi-
gation of the Black sea. The maritime trade of
Moldavia, Walachia, and Bulgaria, passe:* through
this place; and it exports to the countries bor-
dering on the Mediterranean, wool, goats' hair,
honey, tallow, wine, v/ax, hides, and corn. 84 m.
S. W, Bender, 313 N. by E. Constantinople. Lon.
30°25'E. Lat. 45° 30' N.
Kilios, t. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, on the coast
of the Black sea, 60 m. W. S. W. Amasieh.
Kilkary, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 78°
53' E. Lat. 9° 15' N.
Kilkeele, v. Ireland, on the coast of Down co.
65 m. N. by E. Dublin.
Kilkenny, co. Ireland, in the province of Lein-
ster, bounded N. W. by Queen's co. N. by Car-
low CO. E. by Wexford, and S. W. by Tipperary.
It contains 510,000 acres. Pop. in 1800, 108,000,
of whom 95,000 were Catholics.
Kilkenny, city, Ireland, and cap. of the above
county, is delightfully situated on the banks of the
river JVore. The town contains the castle of the
earl of Ormond, the cathedral, the bisliop's pal-
ace, the celebrated college or free school, a thea-
tre, &c. Lon. 7° 15' W. Lat. 52<= 35' N. Pop.
14,975.
Kilkenny, t. Leinster co. Lower Canada, 30 m.
N. W. Montreal.
Kilkenny, t. Coos co. N. H. 8 m. N. E. Lancas-
ter. Pop. 28.
Kilkenny, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y.
Kilkerran Bay, harbor, Ireland, in Galway co.
Lon. 9° 50' W. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Kiliack, s-p. Mekran, in Persia, on the Indian
ocean, 70 m. N. W. Churbar.
Killah Hashem Khan, t. Persia, 61 m. S. S. E.
Sultania.
Killala, t Ireland, in Mayo co. on a fine hay of
the Atlantic, 127 m N. W. Dublin, 24 N. Castle-
bar. Lon. 9° 3' W. Lat. 54° 12' N.
Killaloe, t. Ireland, in Clare co. on the W. bank
of the Shannon, 11 m. N. N. E. Limerick.
Killamarsh, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 9i m. N. E.
Chesterfield. Pop. 632.
Killard PoinU cape, on the E. coast of Ireland,
6 m. E. Downpatrick. Lon. 5° 27' W. Lat. 54°
22' N.
Killarney, t. Ireland, in Kerry co. It is a thri-
ving town, much frequented, on account of the
adjoining lake, which is remarkable for its pic-
turesque beauties. Killarney is the residence of
the. Roman Catholic bishop, 38 m, W. C-^rk. 144
S. W. Dublin. Lon. 9° 32' W. Lat. 51° 49' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Killbegan, t. Ireland, in Westmeath co. on the
river Brosna, remarkable for two old moaaste-
ries. 44 m. W. Dublin, 15 E. Athlone.
Killbuck, r. Ohio, which runs into White wo-
man's creek, 3 m. above its junction with the
Muskingum.
Killeen, t. Ireland, in Meath, 7 m. S. S. E.
Navan.
Killery Harbor, bav, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon 9° 46' W. Lat. 53^ 38' N.
Killeshandra, v. Ireland, in Cavan co. on the
river Croghan, 61 m. JS. W. Dublin.
Kitliccrankie, a noted pass to the highlands of
Scotland, in Athol, near the junction of tlie Tum-
mel with the Garry.
Killin, v. Scotland, in Perth co. at the W. end
of Loch Tay.
Killingly, p-t. Windham co. Ct. on the Quinne-
baug, 25 m. W. Providence, 45 E. Hartford.
Pop. 2,512. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Con-
gregationalists, and 1 tor Baptists. Stone is found
here good tor whetstones, and a quarry of soft
stone used for jambs.
Killijigton. See Sherburne.
Killinglon peak,] one of the highest summits of
the Green mountains, in Vermont, 10 m. E. Rut-
land.
Kiltingv-orth, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 6 m,
N. E. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Pop. 889.
Killingivorth, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on Long-
Island Sound, 26 m. E, New Haven, 38 S. E.
Hartford, 26 W. New London. Pop. 2,244. It
has a harbor with 8 feet water on the bar, and
owns some shipping. The village contains about
70 houses, and is built on a street, 1^ miles long>
which is crossed by Indian river.
Killmncduagh^ v. Ireland, in Galway co. 12 ni.
N. Ennis.
Kilbnallock, t. Ireland, in Limerick co. About
three centuries back it was one of the best buili
inland towns of Ireland. 4 m. N. E. Charleville,
16 S. Limerick. Lon. 8° 31' W. Lat. 52° 16' N.
Kilhnichad Point, cape, on the W. coast cf
Ireland. Lon. 6° 9' W. Lat. 52° 44' N.
Killough, s-p. Ireland, in Down co. with a fine
harbor, 5 m. S. Downpatrick, 75 N. N. E. Dub-
lin. Lon. 5'^ 45' W. Lat. 54° 13' N.
Killybegs, t. Ireland, in Donegal co. on Done-
gal bav, 124 m. xN. W. Dublin, 13 W. Donegal.
Lon. 8° 48' W. Lat 54° 30' N.
KiHyleagh, t. Ireland, in Down co. on an arm
of Lough Strangford, 7 m. N. N. E. Downpatrick,
15 S. S. E. Belfast. Lon. 5" 46' W. Lat. 54^^
25' N.
Kilmacihomas, v. Ireland, in Waterford, 83 m.
S. S. W. Dublin,
Kilinahog, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 1 m. W.
Callander.
Kilmalie, parish, Scotland, in the counties of
Inverness and Argyle. Pop. 4,645.
Kihnaniraig, parish, Scotland, in Invernes!-
shire. Pop. 2,407.
Kilmany, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 5 m- fr. Cu-
par in Fife.
Kilmarmck, or St. Marnocfi, t. Scotland, in .Ayr-
shire, on Kilniarnock river. It is the principal
manufacturing town in the county, and for many
years has carried on a considoi-able trade. The
principal manufactures are carpets, shoes, blank-
ets, tartans, and other woollen cloths; bonnets,
cap?, mit?, stockin*?, gloyep, leather, and saddle-
372
K I N
K I N
ry. Pop. in 1819, 14,000. 22 m. S. W. Glasgow,
12 N. E. Ayr, 64 S. W. Edinburg. Lon.4"2r
W. Lat.55°40'N.
Kilmarnock, p-v. Lancaster co. Va.
Kilmaurs, t. ScotlAnd, in Ayrsliire. Pop. 500.
Kilmore, v. Ireland, in Cavan co. 3^ in. from
Cavan.
Kilmurry, v. Ireland, on the coast of Clare co.
129m.fr. Dublin.
Kilonga, t. Beng;uela, in Afiica, 15 m. up the
river Benguela.
Kilongo, district of Loango, W. Africa, 30 m.
N. W. Loango. Lat. 4° 25' S.
Kilpntrick, v. Scotland, on the Clyde, 10 m. W.
Glasgow. Pop. 500.
Kilrea, t. Ireland, in Londonderry co. 102 m. N.
■Dublin.
Kilrenny, royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire.
Pop. about 200.
Kilrvsh, p-t. Ireland, in Clare co. on the Shan-
non, 142 m. S. W. Dublin.
Kilsyth, V. Scotland, in Stirling co. The in-
Jiabitants are chiefly employed in weaving for the
Glasgow manufacturers. Pop. in 1819, 1,500.
12^ m. E.by N. Glasgow, Hi W. Falkirk, 16 S.
W, Stirling, 15 N. Hamilton.
Kilwinning, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, on the
Garnock, 3 m. N. N. W. Irvine, 28 S. W. Glas-
gow. Pop. 1,260.
Kilworlh, t. Ireland, in Cork co. 104 m. S. W.
Dublin.
Kimbcrworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. W, by
N. Rotherham. Pop. 3,482.
KimboUon, (an. Kinnibanfum,) t. Eng. in Flun-
tingdon, 6^ m. E. Higham Ferrers, 64 N. London.
Pop. 1,400.
Kimedy, t. Hind, in Northern Circars. Lon.
84° ll'E. Lat. 18° 48' N.
Kimtridge, or Kommeridge, v. Eng. in Dorset-
shiro, IJ m. W, S. W. Corin. castle.
Kimi Lappmark. See Kiemi.
Kimihic, or Camagi.chi, r.Arkansaw Territory,
which runs into Red river.
Kimkina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the
river Aluta, 53 m. N. Bucharest.
Kimmoo. See Kcmmoo.
Kimpolung, L Austrian Poland, in the Bucko-
wine, 1 16 m. W. N. W. Jassy. Lon. 25° 8' E.
Lat. 47° 42' N.
Kinalour, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
19' E. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Kinhum, properly Kilbom, a small fortress in
theS. VV. of European Russia, in the government
of Taurida, on the Black sea, on the S. side of the
estuary of the Dnieper. The harbor is tolerably
secure. Lon. 3F .36' E. Lat. 46° 35' N.
Kincanon's iron-works, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Kincardineshire, or the Mearns, co. Scotland,
bounded E. by the German ocean, N. by the riv-
er Dee and part of Aberdeenshire, W. and S. by
Angus CO. Extent, 380 sq. miles, or 243,444
acres. About one half the county consists of high
hills or barren heaths, which altogether preclude
cultivation. Pop. in 1801, 26,349; in 1811,
27,581.
Kincardine, formerly West Pans, t. Scotland,
in Perth co. on thf^ Forth. Pop. 1,200.
Khicardine 0''Neil, v. Scotland, in Aberdeen-
shire, on the Dee.
Kinchan, the name of the river Yang-tse-kiang,
in the upper part of its course. See Yang-tse-
kiang,
Kincraig Point, promontory, Scotland, on the
frith of Forth, forming the S. E. boundary of
Largo bay.
Kindelbrufk, t. Prussian Saxony, near the Wip-
per, 21 m. N. E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,200,
Kinderhook creek, r. N. Y. rises in Berlin, Rens-
selaer CO. and flowing S. E. receives Claverick
creek, and a mile below enters the Hudson, at
Kinderhook.
Kinderhook, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson
river, 10 m. above Hudson, 20 below Albany.
Pop. 3,709. Here is an academy, and an exten-
sive cotton factory. At Kinderhook landing there
is a post-office.
Kinder ton, v. Eng. in Chester, 1^ m. E.Middle-
wich.
Kinel, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Samara,
22 m. above the city of Samara.
Kineton, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, 85 m. N. W.
London. Lon. 1° 30' W. Lat. 52° 9' N.
King-and-f^ueen, co. Va. on Mattapoony river,
which separates it from King William co. Pop.
10,988. Slaves, 6,003. Chief town, Dunkirk.
At the court-house is a post-office.
Kingan-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiangsee, on the river Kankian. Lon. 114° 32'
E. Lat. 27° 7' N.
King creek, p-v. Barnwell co. S. C.
King George, co. between the Potomac and
Rappahannock rivers. Pop. 6,454. Slaves,
3,876. At the court-house is a post-office.
King George's Islands, two islands in the Pa-
cific ocean, discovered by commodore Byron in
1765, and visited by captain Cook in 1773. Lon.
149° 2' W. Lat. 14° 35' S.
King George^s Sound. See JSTootka Sound.
King George the Third's Jirchipelago, group of
islands on the W, coast of N. America. Lon. 223**
45' to 225° 37i' E. Lat. 56° 10' to 58° 18' IS'.
King George the Third'' a Island. See Ctaheite,
King George the Third s Sound, a capacious
bay on the S. coast of New Holland. Lon. of
Bald Head, the entrance into the sound, 118° 0'
45" E. Lat. 36° 6' 15" S.
Kinghele, t. W, Africa, cap. of Cacongo, on the
Loango Louisa.
Kinghom, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Fife-
shire, on the frith of Forth, 9 m. N. by't. Edin-
burgh, 20i S. by W. Cupar. Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat.
56° 5' N. Pop. 1,212.
King's, CO. Ireland, bounded N. by East and
West Meath, E. by Kildare and Queen's county,
S. by Tipperary, and W, by Galway, from whick
it is separated by the river Shannon. Extent, 707
square miles, or 453,370 acres. More than a third
part of the whole country is occupied by bog and
mountain. Pop. 130,000.
Kings, CO. New Brunswick, on both sides of the
river St. John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte
CO. S. by St. John co. W. by the counties of West-
moreland and Northumberland, and N. by a line
running S. E. and N- W. from Spoon island in St.
John's river.
King's, CO. N.'Y. comprises the W. end of Long
Island, and is bounded E. by Queens co. Pop,
8,303. Chief town, Flatbush.
King's Bams, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 6 m,
S. E. St. Andrew's.
King's Bay, bay on the S. E. coast of Nova Sco-
tia. Lon. 59° 10' W. Lat. 44° 32' N.
Kingsbridge, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m. S. W.
Dartmouth, 206 W. London. Lon. 3° 46' W.
Lat. 50° 17' N. Pop. 1,242.
Kitigsbunfy p-t. Washington co. B?. Y. on the
K I N
K I N
373
Hudson, 52 m. above Albany. Pop. 2,272. Sec
Handijhill.
Kingsclear, t. York co. New Brunswick, on the
W. side of the river St. John, adjoining Frederick-
ton.
Kingsdere, t Eng. in Southamptonshire, 17i
m. S. W. Reading, 55 W. London. Pop. 1,863.
Kingsdown, v. Eng. in Kent, S^m. from Deal.
Kingsessing, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 903.
Kingsey, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the river St. Francis, 35 m. S. by E. Three-Riv-
ers.
King'' s ferry, p-v. Monongalia co. Va.
Kingsjidd, t. Somerset co. Maine, 40 m. N. W.
Norridgewock.
King's Island, isl. in the W. extremity of Bass'
straits, in 39° 36' S. lat. and 143° 54' E. Ion. 48 m.
from the main.
King''s Island, isl. on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, separated from the continental shore of New
Albion, by Banke's canal. Lat. 51° 56' to 52°
26' N.
King''s Kerswell. t. Eng. in Devonshire, 4 m.
from Newton Abbes.
King's Keys, islets in the Spanish Main. Lon.
82° 35' W. Lat. 12° 42' N.
Kingsky, t. Eng. in Chester, 3 m. S. E. Frods-
ham.
King's Lynn. See Lynn Regis.
Kingsmill, Point, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, the S. W. point of Prince Frederick's sound.
Lon. 225° 49' E. Lat. 56° 52' N.
King' s Mountain, mt. in the W. partofN. C.
25 m. W. Charlottenburg.
King's Korton, parish Eng. in Worcester, 4 ift.
from Birmingham. Pop. 3,0G8.
King's Point, the N. W. extremity of Sumatra,
15 m. W. Acheen. Lon. 97° 27' E. Lat. 5° 30' N.
King's River, r. Ireland, which runs into the
Liffy, 1^ m. S. Blessington.
Kingstanley, parish, Eng. in Gloucestershire,
3 m. from Strond. Pop. 1,722.
Kingston, parish, Eng. in Somerset, 4 m. from
Taunton. Pop. 847,
Kingston, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. S. W,
Modbury.
Kingston, t. Eng, in Dorsetshire, 1 m. from
Corfe Castle.
Kingston, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. coast of the
island,on a bay into which vessels of the largest bur-
den may anchor in safety. It was founded in 1693,
after the destruction of Port Royal by Hn earth-
quake in the preceding year. It is on a plain,
which rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of
the Liguanea mountains, a distance of about six
miles. 10 m. E. Spanish Town. Lon. 76° 33' W.
Lat. 18° N. Pop. 33,000, of which number 10,000
are whites, 18,000 slaves, 2,500 people of colour,
and 2,500 negroes.
Kingston,t. and cap. of the island of St. Vincent's
in the'W. Indies. Lon. 81° W. Lat. 13° 6' N.
Kingston, t. Upper C.anada, the largest and
most populous of the province. It is advantageous-
ly seated at the E. extremity of Lake Ontario.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a government-
house, a court-house, a Protestant and a Catholic
church, a market-house, a jail, hospital, and about
370 dwelling-houses. For the last 20 years the
town has obtained considerable mercantile impor-
tance. It is now the main entrepot between Mon-
treal and all the settlements along the lakes to the
westward. From the commencement of spring
until the latter end of autumn, great activity pre-
vails. The harbour is well sheltered and conven-
ient, accessible to ships not requiring more than
three fathoms water, with good anchorage close to
the N. E. extremity of the town : the entrance t»
it is defended by a battery on Mississaga Point,
and another on Point Frederick, which, witn the
shoal stretching from the former, with only five
feet of water upon it, are quite sufficient for its
protection, Kingston possesses one of the best
harbours on the lake ; and it is the naval arsenal
of Great Britain in this quarter, where ships ol
war, even of the first rate, have been constructed.
190 m. N. W. Montreal. Lon. 76^^ 40' W. Lat. 44*
8'N.
Kingston, t. and cap. Kings co. New Brunswick,
on Kennebecasis bay.
Kingston, p-t. Rockingham ca N. H. 17 m. S.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 746.
Kingston, t. Addison co. Vt. 22 m. S; W. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 324.
Kingston, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. on Plymouth
bay, 4 m. N. W. Plymouth, 32 S. E. Boston. Pop.
1,137. Here are iron works.
Kingston, formerly Esopiis, p-L and cap. Ulster
CO. N. y. on the Hudson, 65 m. below Albany, 100
above New- York. Pop. 2,540. The village of
Kingston is pleasantly situated on Esopus creek,
about 3 m. from the Hudson, and contains 150
dwelling-houses, a court-house and jail, an acade-
my, a church, a market-house, a bank, and 2
printing-offices.
Kingston, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. N. E.
Princeton, 15 S. W. Brunswick.
Kingston, p-t. Luzern co. Pa. on the Susquehan-
nah, opposite Wilkesbarre. Pop. 832.
Kingston, v. Talbot co. Md. on the E. side of the
Choptank, 4 m. below its forks.
Kingston, p-t. Somerset co. Md.
Kingston, t. Georgetown district, S. C. on Wac-
cama river, 40 m. N. E. Georgetown.
Kingston, p-t. and cap. Roane co. Ten. at the
confluence of Clinch and Holston rivers, 60 m. be-
low Knoxville.
Kingston, t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Kingston, t. Ross co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Chilli-
cothe.
Kingston BImmt, t. Eng. in Oxfordshire, 4 m. E,
S. E. Tetsf orth.
Kingston upon Hull. See Hull.
Kingston upon Thames, t. Eng. in Surry, on the
right bank of the Thames. Here many of the Sax-
on kings were crowned. 10 m. S. W. London
Lon. 0° 18' W. Lat. 51° 24' N. Pop. 4, 144.
Kingstree, p-v. Williamsborough co. S. C.
Kingsrille. See Joy.
Kingsville, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie,
8 m. N. E. Jefferson.
King eSwinford, parish, Eng. in Staffordshire,
where are considerable manufactures of glass and
earthen ware. From the advantages of the adja-
cent canals to Dudley, Stourbridge, Wolverhamp-
ton, and Stafford, which open a communication
with the principal rivers of the kingdom, it has of
late become a place of great opulence and trade-
Pop. 8,267. 3 m.from Stourbridge.
Kingsuood Forest, Eng. in Gloucestershire, near
Bristol. It comprises 5,000 acres, and is full of
coal mines.
King-tcheou-fou, city, China, of the first rank,
in Houquang, on the Yang-tse-kiang. It is well
fortified, and is considered, from its situation, one
of the keys of the empire. Lon. Hl° 37' E. Lat
30°28'N.
374
K I N
K I R
King-te-ching, t. China, in Kiangsee. The in-
habitants are entirely devoted to the manufacture
of porcelain. It is on a river, which communicates
with the Poyang lake at Yan-choo-fou. Lon. 1 15°
56' E. Lat. 29° 25' N. Pop. estimated at 1,000,000.
Kington, or Kineton, t. Eng. in Hereford, on the
Arrow, 19 m. N. W. Hereford. Lon. 3° W. Lat.
52° 13' N. Pop. 1,617.
Kingtong-fou, city of Yunnan, in China. Lon.
100° 39' E. Lat. 24° 30' N.
King William, co. Va. between the forks of
York river. Pop. 9,285. Slaves, 5,785. At the
court-house is a post-office.
Kingwilliarn mills, p-v. King William co. Va.
King JVilliam^s Island, small isl. in Dampier's
strait. Lon. 130° 51' E. Lat. 0° 33. N.
Kingivood, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on Delawsure
river, 5 m. below Alexandria. Pop. 2,605.
Kingwood, p-v. Monongalia co. Va.
King-yong-fou, t. China, in the W. part of
Shensee. It is strongly fortified with walls and
ditches. Lon. 107° 20' E. Lat. 36° 6' N.
Kinhoa-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tchekiank, formerly of great extent and beauty.
The Tartars destroyed a great part of the city.
Lon. 119° 16' E. Lat. 29° 16' N.
'Kinikli, t. Eu. Turkey, 43 m. W. Constantino-
ple.
Kinmenso, small isl. off the coast of Footchein,
in China, Lon. 118° 20' E. Lat. 24° 30' N.
Kinnaird'' s-head, (an. Promontorium Taixali-
um,) promontory, on the E. coast of Scotland,
which forms the S. boundary of the Moray frith.
it has a light-house.
Kinnegad, v. Ireland, in Westmeath, 29 m. from
Dublin.
KinnekuUe, mt. Sweden, in West Gothland, on
the banks of the lake of Wenner.
Kinnell, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, which
falls into the Anmxn at Broomhill.
Kinnickinnick, r. Ohio, which runs into the E.
side of the Scioto, 7 m. above Chillicothe.
Kinogam, r. Canada, which runs from Lake
W^ickwato the river Saguenay. Lon. 71° 31' W.
Lat, 48° 34' N.
Kinross-shire, county, Scotland, bounded N. and
W. by Perth, and S. and E. by Fifeshire. Extent,
83 square miles. Pop. in 18 1 1 , 7,245.
Kinross, t. Scotland, and cap. of Kinross-shire, is
finely situated at the W. end of Loch Leven. It
formerly manufactured linen to the amount of be-
tween 4,000/. and 5,000/. annually. ; but the peo-
ple are now mostly employed in weaving cotton
goods for the Glasgow manufacturers. 15 m. S.
Perth, 23 E. N. E. Stirling. Pop. 2,124.
Kinsale, t. Ireland, in Cork co. on a bay at the
mouth of the river Bandon, which forms a fine
harbour. The river is navigable for large sloops
near 12 miles above the town, though a bar pre-
vents large men of war coming into the basin. The
harbor ismost compact and secure, of a round form,
and perfectly land-locked by high hills, so large that
the English and Dutch Smyrna fleets have anchor-
ed in this port, Aboutfour hundred boats are em-
ployed from this port inthe fisheries. Pop. 10,000,
136 m. S, W. Dublin, 12 S. Cork.
Kinsale. p-v. Westmoreland co. Va. 16 m. from
the court-house.
Kinsman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 20 m. N. E.
Warren.
Kinsomba, t. Benguela, in Africa, 23 m, S, E.
New Benguela,
Kinstotii p-t. Lenoir co. N, C.
Kintam, isl. off the coast of Tchekiang, in Chisaa.
Lon. 121° 24' E. Lat. 30° 8' N.
Kintore, royal burgh, Scotland, in Aberdeen-
shire, on the Don.
Kintyre, or Kuntyre, the southern division of
Argyleshire, in Scotland. It is a peninsula lying
between the frith of Clyde and tlie Atlantic ocean,
about 40 miles long, from N. to S. and 6i broad.
Pop. in 1811, 18,285.
Kintyre, Mull of, the S. point of the'peninsula of
Kintyre. Lon. 5° 46' W. Lat. 55° 21' N. It has
a light-house.
Kinrei; or Kinfare, parish, Eng. in Stafford^
shire, 2 m. from Stourbridge. Pop. 1,668.
Kinure Point, cape on the S. coast of Ireland,
in Cork co. 4 m. E. Kinsale harbour. Lon. 8'
25' W. Lat. 51° 41' N.
Kinsig, one of the ten circles into which Urn
grand duchy of Baden was divided in 1810. it
lies along the Kinzig. Pop. 1 1 8,000.
Kinzig, r. Baden, which falls into the Rhine, by
two mouths, at Kehl, opposite Str2isburg.
Kioge, or Koge, s-p. Denmark, in the island of
Zealand, 10 m. S. Copenhagen. Lon. 12° 40' E.
Lat. 55° 31' N. Pop. 1,400.
Kiosiiendgi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on tke
Black sea, 100 m. W. by N. Silistria.
Kiouktatoum, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the
Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 35' E. Lat. 21° 44' N.
Kippax, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6i m, W. Ferry-
bridge.
Kippen, v. Scotland, on the S.bank of the Forth,
lOi m. W. Stirling.
Kippenheim, t. Baden, 22 m. N. E. Strasburg.
Pop. 1,600.
Kippure, mountains, Ireland, 10 m. S. Dub-
lin.
Kir, Kirharesh, or Kirharesheth, in Sac. Geog.
a city of the Moabites. Also, a place in Media,
where the inhabitants of Damascus were carried.
Kirby in Kendal. See Kendal.
Kirby Moor side, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. N.
by E. York. Lon. 1° 4' W. Lat. 54° 15' N. Pop.
1,673.
Kirby, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 33 m. N. E. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 311.
Kirchberg, t. Wirtemberg, oa the Jaxt, 28 m.
W. Anspach. Pop. 900.
Kirchberg, i. Lower Austria^ on tlie Wecksel.
Pop. 3,000.
Kirchberg, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 41 m. W. Mentz.
Circhberg, t. Saxony, circle of the Erzgcbirge,
6 m. S. Zwickau. Pop. 2,100.
Kirchberg, i. Lower Austria, on the Wagram.
Pop. 3,000.
Kirchberg, t. Lower Austria, on the Bielach, 1 1
m. S. St. Polten, 45 S. W. Vienna.
Kirchborchen, v, Prussian Westphalia, 5 m, S.
Paderborn.
Kirchhayn, t. Prussian states, in Lower Lusa-
tia, on the Bober. Lon. 13° 35' E. Lat, 51° 36' N,
Pop. 3,500.
. Kirchheim, t. Bavaria, on the Mindel, 29 m. E.
S.E.Ulm.
Kirchheim, or Kirchen, t. Wirtemberg, 15 m.
S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,350.
Kirchheim, or Kirchenunter Teck, t Germany,
in Wirtemberg, on the Lauter, 15 m, S. E. Stut-
gard. Pop. 5,050.
Kirchheim-Poland, t. Bavarian circle of the
Rhine. Pop. 2,000. 28 m, N. W. Mauheim. Lon.
7° 39' E, Lat. 49° 39' N.
K I R
K I R
375
Kirchhqfen^ V. Germany, in Baden^ 7 m. S. S.
W. Freyburg;.
Kirchlamitz, t. Bavarian states, 8 m. N. Wun-
piedel.
Kircubbin, v. Ireland, in Down co. on Lough
Straiigford, 86 m. fr. Dublin.
Kirdorf^ t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 42 m.
S. S. W. Cassel.
Kirenga, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls
into the Lena.
Kirensk, i. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the Lena,
630 m.N. of Irkoutsk.
Kirghises, or Kirguis, a numerous and widely
extended people of independent Tartary, occupy-
ing the immense uncultivated plains or steppes,
which extend to tlie east of the sea of Aral, and
from the Aral to the Caspian, along the southern
frontier of Asiatic Russia. They are divided into
three hordes, called the Little, the Middle, and
the Great Horde. The Kirghises of the Little
Horde occupy the most westerly position, and
wander over Uie plains to the S. and E. of the Ou-
ral, and between the Caspian and Aral. They
bring their flocks in summer to the steppes be-
tween the Oural and the Volga. The Middle
Horde live farther to the east, in vast plains, to
the north of the Aral. These two hordes subsist
entirely on their flocks. The Great Horde are
established farther to the east and south, beyond
the Aral, on the banks of the Sirr or Sihon ; and
extend southwards to the frontiers of Bnkhai-a and
Cashgar, The Kirghises of the Great Horde have
few relations with the Russian empire ; and
though some of them are pasrtoral, a considerable
proportion cultivate the land, and inhabit fertile,
mild, and well watered countries. The Little
and Middle Hordes have acknowledged themselves
subjects of the Russian empire. The Russian
government, however, do not exact from them
even the smallest tribute ; on the contrary, they
pay regular pensions to all the principal chiefs, to
prevent them from plundering on the Russian
frontier. The Little and Middle Hordes are said
to consist each of about 30,000 tents or families.
Their property consists chiefly of horses, sheep, and
goats, with a few camels. Some of them are very
rich in these possessions.
Kirilov, t.jEu. Russia, in Novgorod, 79m. N. W.
Vologda. Pop. 2,200.
Kirin Oula, country, Chinese Tartar)', inclosed
between the sea of Japan, the northern frontier
of Corea, and the river Saghalien Oula. It is
700 miles long, and 200 broad. The climate is
yery severe, and it is thinly peopled. The capital
is of the same name, on the Songarie, which falls
into the Saghalien. Lon. 126° 24' E. Lat. 43°
48' N.
Kir/athaim, in Sac. Geog. 2 towns of Palestine,
one in the tribe of Reuben, and one in the tribe of
Naphtali.
Kirjatharim, Kirjathjearim, or Kirjath-baal, in
Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe of Judah, on
the W. border of Benjamin.
Kirkaldy, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire,
on the frith of Forth. The harbour has about 14
feet water at its entrance in spring tides, and is
safe and well sheltered, except in storms from the
E. or N. E. Kirkaldy has now (1819) 6,500 tons
of shipping. There are several mills for spinning
flax in the town and vicinitj'. The principal man-
ufactures are bed ticks, checks, and sheetings ; the
value of which is about 130,000/. annually. About
16,000 tons of coal are aonually wrought ia the
immediate neighbourhood. 13 m. N. Edinburgh.
Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat. 56° 8' N. Pop. in 1811,
3,679.
Kirkburton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. fr. Wake-
field. Pop. 1,693.
Kirkby, t. Erig. in Lancashire, 6 m. fr. Liver-
pool. Pop. 9 J 2.
Kirkby Island, isl. on the S. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 136° 10' E. Lat. 34° 33' S.
Kirkby Lonsdale, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, oh
the Lune, 12 ra. S. E. Kendal, 250 N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 2° 36' W. Lat. 54° 12' N. Pop.
1,368.
Kirkby Malzeard, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. W.
N. W. Rippon.
Kirkby, South, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S.
Pontefract.
Kirkby, Stephen, t. Eng. in Westmoreland co.
on the Eden. The inhabitants are employed in
the vvodllen manufacture, and that of knit stock-
ings. 23 m. N. E. Kendal, 264 N. W. London. Lon.
2° 21' W. Lat. 54° 28' N. Pop. 1,235.
Kirkby Thorpe, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 4i m.
N. W. Appleby.
Kirk-Clissa, or Kirk-Ekklesi, or Kirkleesan, t.
Eu. Turkey, in Romania. The inhabitants sup-
port themselves chiefly by a traffic in corn, wine,
butter, and cheese. Part of them are Jews. 30
m. S. Adrianople, 100 W. Constantinople. Pop.
about 16,000.
Kirkcudbright, co. Scotland, bounded N, E. and
E. by Dumfries-shire, S. by Solway frith and the
Irish sea, W. by Wigtonshire, and N. W. by Ayr-
shire. This county is exceedingly diversified,
both in its soil and surface. The rearing of black
cattle is the chief occupation of the farmers. Pop.
in 1801, 29,058 ; in 1811, 33,684.
Kirkcudbright, royal burgh, Scotland, and cap.
of Kirkcudbright co. is pleasantly situated on the
Dee, six miles above its confluence with the Sol-
way frith. The harbour is one of the most com-
modious on the south coast of Scotland. It is safe,
and well sheltered, and there is good anchorage at
its mouth. 28 m. S. W. Dumfries. Lon. 4° 43' W.
Lat. 54° 49' N. Pop. 2,760.
Kirkdale, parish, Eng. in Yorkshire, 4^ m. N.
E. Helmesley.
Kirkdale, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. N. by E.
Liverpool.
Kirkham, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. W. Pres-
ton, 23 S. Lancaster, 223 N. W. London. Lon. 2"
51' W. Lat. 53° 46' N. Pop. 2,214.
Kirkland, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, adjoining
Kendal. Pop. 1,245.
Kirkleatham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. N.
W. Guisborough.
Kirklistoun, v. Scotland, 8 m. W. Edinburgh.
Kirkosu-ald, t. Eng. in Cumberland, on the I".
side of the river Eden. 8i m. N. E. Penrith, 292 N.
W. London. Lon. 2° 41' W. Lat. 54° 45' N.
Kirk's mills, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa.
Kirks tall, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, noted for the re-
mains of an abbey of Cistercian monks.
Kirkton in Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, 20 m. ^^
Lincoln, 147 N. by VV. London. Lon. 0° 36' V\'.
Lat. 53° 29' N. Pop. 1,531.
Kirkton Point, the W. point at the entrance in-
to Port Lincoln, on the S. coast of New Holland.
Kirkulcti, or Kirkhalet, v. Guriel, in Turkey,
near the Black sea, 20 m. S. of the mouth of Pha-
sis river.
Kirkwall, a royal burgh, Scotland, and chief
town of the .stewartry of Orkney, in the isl. of Po
37G
K I S
mona. It is on a neck of land, washed oii oae side
by the road and bay of Kirkwall, and on the other
by an inlet of the sea. The harbour is excellent,
with an outer road, affording safe anchorage. 172
m. N. Inverness. Lon. 0° 25' VV. Lat. 38° 33' N.
Pop. 2,621.
Kirkuood, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 14 m. W. St.
ClairsviUe. Pop. in 1819, 1,050.
Kirk-Yetholm. See Yet/iolm.
Kirlach^ v. Germany, 7 m. E. S. E. Spire.
Kimianska. See Kermanshaw.
Kirn, or Kyrn,i. Prussian province of the Low-
er Rhine, on the river Nahe, 4 m. S. by VV. Cob-
lentz. Pop. 1,230.
Kimbach, t. Baden, 21 m. E. by N Carlsruhe.
Pop. 1,100.
Kirpan, i. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 50 m. S.
E. Phihppopoh. Pop. 1,300.
Kirriemuir, t. Scotland, in Forfar co. The sta-
ple manufacture of the place is coarse linens. IB
m. N. Dundee, 5i N. W. Forfar. Pop. about
2,000.
Kirooah. See Kowrowa.
Kirsanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the Vo-
rona, 6 m. S. E. Tambov. Pop. 3,300.
Kirshacs, t. Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, on the
Tirschan, 67 m. W. Vladimir.
Kirshehr, t. Anatolia, in Asiatic Turkey, sup-
posed by some to be the ancient DioccEsarea, 84 m.
N. E. Konieh.
Kirihipore, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85° 37' E.
Lat. 27° 30' N.
Kirtle, r. Scotland, in Dumfries, which falls in-
to the Solway frith at Kirtlefoot.
Kirwani, t. VV. Africa, in Dentila, 20 m. W.
Baniserile.
Kirweiler, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 18
m. S. Lauterburg. Pop. 1,100.
Kisch-ber, v. Hungary, 22 m. S. E. Raab.
Kischenau, t. Russian Moldavia, on the Dnies-
ter. Lon. 29° 25' E. Lat. 46° 40' N.
Kischher, v. Hungary, in Jazyga, 14 m. E. Jasz-
Bereny.
Kischkmco, t. Prussian Poland, 19 m. N. VV.
Posen.
Kish, sand-bank in the Irish sea, six miles long,
and hardly one wide, 7 m. from the coast of Dub-
lin CO. Lou. 5° 54' VV. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Kislicorran Mountains, mts. Ireland, in the S.
part of Sligo and Connaught counties.
Kishennagur, t. Bengal, on Jellinghy river.
Lon. 88° 35' E. Lat. 23° 26' N.
Kishennasur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° I'E.
Lat. 26° 32' x\.
Kishengrmga, r. Hind, which falls into the Jhy-
!um, on the N. VV. frontier of Lahore.
Kishiak, t. Persia, 146 m. VV. Shiras.
Kishtne, called also Jeziru Derauz, (Long Isl-
and) the largest island in the Persian gulf, 10 m.
fi'. Ormus. It is 60 miles long, and 12 broad. It
is at present under the rule of an Arab chief. Lon.
56° 50' E. Lat. 26° 57' 30" N.
Kishon, in Sac. Geog. brook, whicli rises in
Mount Tabor, and flows into the Mediterranean
jit Accho.
Kishtac, island in the Pacific, about 100 miles
long, and from 30 to 50 broad. Lon. 152° 30' to
i34° 30' VV. Lat. 57° to 58° 40' N.
Kishtac, isl. on the jV. W. coast of America, E.
of Foggy Cape, on the S. E. side of the peninsula
6:' Alaska, and opposite the mouth of Cook's river.
Kishtei'.ar, district, Hind, in Lahore, between
K I U
33<* and 34° N. lat Kishtewavy the capita!, is ia
lon. 75° 20' E. lat. 34° 7 N.
Kisia, r. Asia, in Georgia, which falls into the
Kur.
Kiskemanetas. See Conemaugh.
Kis-Maria, t. Hungary, 20 m. S. by E. De-
breczin.
Kissee. See Kissey.
Kisseen, s-p. on the S. coast of Arabia. Lon. 51°
50' E. Lat. 15° 19'N.
Kisser, isl. in the Eastern sea, off the N. E. ex-
tremity of Timor. Lon. 127° 5' E. Lat. 8° 5' S.
Kissey, a town of liberated negroes in the Pa-
rish ol St. Patrick, in the colony of Sierra Leone.
The Church Missionary Society have a missionary
bene. Pop. 869.
Kissing, v. Bavaria, 6 m. S. E. Augsburg.
Kissingen, t. Bavarian state?, 32 m. N. Wurz-
burg. Lon. 10° 17' E. Lat. 50° 14' N. Pop. 1,000.
Kistna, or Krishna, a celebrated river of the
south of India, which rises near the fortress of Sat-
tarah, only 50 miles from the western coast, and
pours its waters, by various mouths, into the bay
of Bengal, a little S. of Masulipatam. Its length is
650 miles, but owing to the accumulation of sand
at its mouths, it is not navigable by ships.
Kistnaghurry, t. and fortress, Hind, in Mysore.
Lon. 78° 23' E. Lat. 12° 32* N. 66 m. VV. S. W.
Arcot, 90 E. Seringapatam.
Kistnapatan, t. India, on the coast of the Car-
natic. Lon. 80° 16' E. Lat. 14° 19']Sf.
Kisty, t. Afghanistan, on the VV. side of the In-
dus. Lon. 70° 3' E. Lat. 29° 18' N.
Kite^s mills, p-v. Rockingham co. Va.
Kitley, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Kitnaise, v. Lower Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile, 20 m. S. Faoua.
Kitriai, or Dolous, t. Greece, in Messenia, oc-
cupying the site of the ancient Pharae.
Kitsee, or Koptseng, t. Hungary, in Weisenburg,
8 m. S. VV. Presburg. Pop. 1,900.
Kiltaning, p-t. and cap. Armstrong co. Pa. on
the E. side oi the Alleghany, 33 m. N. E. Pittsburg.
Pop. 1,506.
Kittatinny Mountains, a ridge of the Alleghany
mountains, which runs through the N. parts of
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Kittery, p-t. York co. Maine, at the mouth of
the Piscataqua, opposite Portsmouth, N. H. 5 m.
S. VV. York. Pop. 2,019.
Kiifoor, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon. 75° 10' E,
Lat. 16° 46' N.
Kitzbichl, or Kitzbuhl, i. Austrian dominions, in
Tyrol, 36 m. E. Inspruck.
Kitzingen, t. Bavaria, on the right bank of the
Maine, 10 m. E. S. E. Wuraburg, 34 N. N. W.
Anspach, Lon. 10° 12' E. Lat. 49° 42' N. Pop.
3,600.
Kiveloor, t. India, in the Carnatic, 8 m. VV. Ne-
gapatam.
Kiun-cheu-fou, city, China, and cap. of the isl-
and of Hainan. It is on the N. coast, and has a
port much frequented by Chinese vessels. The
trade of this place is very considerable.
Kiiisju. See Ximo.
Kiulaiah, city, cap. of Anatolia, in Asia Minor,
on tlie site of the ancient Cotyo'um. Though not
so populous as formerly, it is said still to contain
betAveen 50,000 and 60,000 inhabitants, of which
number 10,000 are Armenian, and 5,000 Greeks.
There are 30 public baths, 50 mosques, 4 Arme-
nian, and 1 Greek church, and 20 caravausera?
Lon. 29° 52' E. Lat. 39° 25' N.
K N A
Kiu-icheou-/ou, t. China, in Tchekiang. Lon.
118° 39' E. Lat. 29° 2' N.
Kizilermak^ r. Asia Minor, (an. Halys,) which
rises near Kaisarieh, and falls into the Black sea,
about 40 m. S. of Samsoon, in lon. 36° 10' E. and
lat. 41° 30' N, It is the finest river in Asia
Minor.
Kizilosetiy r. Persia, which falls into the Caspi-
an sea near Reshd.
Kieilskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Orenburg, at the
confluence of the Kezil and the Oural.
Kizlar^ or Kisliar, t. in the government of Cau-
casus, in A. Russia, on the Terek, near its entrance
into the Caspian. Its trade is considerable, being
a sort of entrepot for the commerce of Astracan
with Persia and the interior of Caucasus. Lon.
46° 29' E. Lat. 43° 51' N.
Kladora, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Danube, 40 m.
N. W. Widdin.
Klan, t. Austrian Illyria, in Carniola, 30 m. E.
S. E. Trieste.
KlcUtau, circle in the south of Bohemia. Area,
870 sq. miles. Pop. 140,000.
Klaltate, or Klatiowi/, t. Bohemia, and cap. of a
circle, 63 m. S. W. Prague. Lon. 13° 15' E. Lat.
49°24'N. Pop. 4,000.
Kltck, t. Russiari Lithuaiiia, in Minsk. 24 m. W.
N. VV. Sluck.
Kkcko^ t. Prussian Poland, 12 m. VV. N. W.
Gnesua.
KleczewOf t. Poland, 42 m. N. Kalisch. Pop.
1,250.
Kleeburgy t. Bavarian province of the Rhine, in
Deux Ponts, G m. S. Wetzlar. Pop. 850.
Klein Gemund, v. Baden, on the Neckar, oppo-
site Gemund.
Kltppen, small isl. near the W. coast of Africa.
Lat. .i2° 10' S.
Klesczel, t. Eu. Russia, in Bialystock, 12 m. E.
by S. Bieisk. Pop. 1, 100.
Klimo'iUow, t. Poland, 13 m. W. by S. Sendo-
mir.
Klin, t. Eu. Russia, 56 m. N. by W. Moscow.
Lon. 36° 48' E. Lat. 56° 20' N. Pop. 1,100.
Klingenthal, v. Saxony, in Vogtland, 12 m. E.
Oelsmtz. Pop. 1,000.
Kliss^ura, strong place, Eu. Turkey, in Albania,
58 m. N. by W. Joannma. Pop. 1,800.
Klobauk, t. Moravia, 20 m. E. Hradisch. Pop.
2,500.
Klobucko, t Poland, 72 m. N. N. W. Cracow.
Pop. 1,000.
Kloetze, L Prussian Saxony, 48 m. E. Zelle, 39
N. by W. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,550.
Kloppenburg, t. Germany, on the Soste, 60 m.
N. N. E. Munster. Lou. 7° 59' E. Lat. 62° 50' N.
Kloslerle, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 15 m. N. E.
Carlsbad. Pop. 1,000.
Klosler-JVeuburg, t. Lower Austria, on the right
side of the Danube, 6 m. N. of Vienna. It takes
its name from a monastery of the order of St. Au-
gustine, founded in 1 1 14. Here is the dock-yard
for the construction of light armed vessels, for pro-
tecting the navigation of the Danube ; also a large
manufacture of arms for account of government.
Lon. 16° 17 E. Lat. 48° 19' N. Pop. 3,300.
Kioten, t. Switzerland, 5 m. N. by E. Zurich.
Klundert, t Netherlands, ;n North Brabant, 5
m. E. N. E. VViUiamstadt. Lon. 4* 23' E. Lat. 51°
39' N. Pop. 700.
Knap s Bay, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 94° 54' W.
Lat. 61° 1.5' N.
Knappsbvrs:. p-r, m Oxford^ Chenango co. N. Y.
48
K N 0
37lf
KnaresboTOUgh, or Gnaresborough, t. Eng. in
Yorkshire, on the Nid. The inhabitants are prin-
cipally employed in the manufacture of linen. 18
m. W. York. Lon. 1° 29' W. Lat. 54° 1' N. Pop.
4,234.
Kniaginin, t. E. Russia, 40 m. E. N. E. Nizney-
Novgorod. Pop. 1,050.
Knidingen, v. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop.
1,100.
Knife river, r. Missouri Territory, which joins
the river Missouri on the S. at the Mandau vil-
lages.
Knighton, t. South Wales, in Radnor, on the
river Teme, 10 m. N. E. New Radnor. Lon. 3° 2'
W. Lat. 52° 14' N. Pop. 952.
Knighton upon Teame, hamlet, Eng. in Worces-
ter, 3 m. fr. Tenbury.
Knight''s Canal, inlet, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 50° 45' N.
Knighfs Island, isl. in Bebriog's bay, separated
from the continent of America by a narrow chan*
nel. Lon. 220° 47' E. Lat. 59° 45' N.
Knighfs fslatid, isl. in Prince William's sound.
Lon. 212° 52' E. Lat. 60° 24' N.
Knight's Island, small isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon.
93° 30' W. Lat. 61° 50' N.
Knight'' s Island, in the Pacific ocean, and th*
largest of those called the Snares by captain Van-
couver. The south point is in lon. 166° 44' E. lat.
48° 15' S.
Knin, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 40 m. E. Zara.
Klin, t. Bohemia, 21 ra. S. Prague.
Kniphausen, s-p. Germany, in tlie grand duchy
of Oldenburg, on the Jade, 39 m. E. Embden. Lon.
8°E. Lat. 53° 33' N.
KnisteneaiAV, a tribe of Indians, who chiefly re-
side in the British possessions, N. of lake Superi-
or, although some bands reside on streams running
into Red river. They are of a moderate stature,
well proportioned, and of great activity. Their
complexion is of a copper colour, and their hair
black. Their eyes are black, keen, and penetra-
ting, and their countenances open and agreeable.
Kniszin, t. Poland, 36 m. N. Bieisk. Pop. 1,700.
Knittelfeld, t. Austria, in Upper Styria, on the
Muhr, 98 m. S. W. Vienna. Pop. 1,100.
Knittlingen, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m. W. Heil-
bronn. Pop. 2,100.
Knock, hill, Scotland, in Banff, a landmark in
navigating the Murray frith.
Knock Head, cape on the E. coast of Scotland, 3
m. W. N. W. Banff-.
Knocknarea, cape, Ireland, in Sligo bay, 6 m.
W. Sligo.
Knocktopher, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 63 m. fr.
Dublin.
KnoVs Island, p- v. Currituck co. N. C.
Knottinglay, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Aire,
1 m. S. E. Ferry Bridge. Pop. 3,327.
KnowUon, t. Sussex qo. N. J. Pop. 2,064.
KnowJfon mills, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Knox, isl. one of Ingraham's islands in tlie Pa-
cific. Lon. 141° W. Lat. 8° 3' S.
Knox, t. Hancock co. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Cas-
tine.
Knox, CO. East Tennessee, on the S. side of
Clinch river, and intersected by the Holston. Pop.
10,171. Slaves, 1,271. Chief town, Knoxville.
Knox, CO. in the S. part of Kentucky. Pop,
5,875. Slaves, 1,271. Chibf town, Barboursville,
Knox, CO. in the cenlral part of Oliio. Pop.
2,149. Chief town, Mount Vernon.
Knox, t. Cttlumbiaoa co. Ohio. ?op. 481.
378
K O K
K O N
Knox, I. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Oiiio river, 1-2
m. above Steubenville.
Knox, CO. Indiana, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1815, 6,800. Chief tovra, Vincennes.
Knoxville, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Tennessee, on
the N. bcink of the Holston, 22 miles above its
junction with the Tennessee, and 4 belov/ the
mouth of French Broad river, 200 E. of Nashville,
190 S. of Lexington, (Ky.) Lon. 84° W. Lat. 35°
80' N. Pop. in 1818^ estimated at more than 2,000.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-
house, jail, bank, a respectable academy, 3 houses
of public worship, and barracks large enough to
accommodate 300 men. A college was establish-
ed in this town several years since, but has not
yet gone into operation. It is entitled to the bene-
fit of a donation froin Congress, which, it is expect-
ed, will yield a capital of 50,000 dollars.
Knoxville, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 4 m. W. Ohio
riverj lU N. Steubenville. Pop. in 1819, 120.
Knoyle, East, or Bishop'' s Knoyle, t. Eng. in
Wiltshire, 3 m. S. W. Hindon. Fop. 905.
Kmdsford, or Canutsford, t. Eng. in Cheshire,
25 m. E. by N. Chester, 176 N. W, London. Lon.
2° 22^ W. Lat.53° 18' N. Pop. 2,114.
Knyno, r. Wales, in Pembrokeshire, which
falls into the Tivy, 5 m. below Cardigan.
Koameroo, Cape, the S. E. point at the entrance
of Queen Charlotte's sound, New Zealand. Lon.
176° 30' E. Lat. 41°34'N.
Kobielin, t. Prussian Poland, 50 m. S. Posen.
Pop. 2,000.
Kocher, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the
Necker at Kochendorf, between Heilbronn and
Wimpfen.
Kock, t. Poland, on the Wieprz, 31 m. N. Lub-
lin. Pop. 900.
Kockelburg, t. Transylvania, on the Kockel,
which falls into the Marosch 32 m. N. Hermann-
stadt.
Koden, t. Poland, on the Bog, 23 m. E. by S.
Bialo.
Kodgia-Hisar, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, 10
m. S. Merdin.
Kodgia-shehr, v. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, 12 m.
N. Kiutaiah,
Kodiak, an extensive group of islands on the W,
coast of N. America, about 50 m. from the entrance
into Cook's inlet, extending about 130 miles from
S.W.toN. E. Lon. 206° 12' to 208^ 45' E. Lat.
56° 45' to 58° 28' N.
Koei-tchoo, province, China, near the S. W. ex-
tremity of the empire, bordering on Yunnan.
Koei-tchoo-fmi, city, China, of the first rank, in
Setchuen, on the Yang-tse-kiang. Lon. 109° 50' E.
Lat. 31° 9' 36" N.
Koei-yang-fou, city, China, cap. of the prov-
ince of Koei-tchoo. Lon. 108^ 30'E. Lat. 27° 40' N.
Koenigs-see, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg-Ru
dolstadt. Pop. 2,000.
Koetzing, t. Bavaria, 33 m. E. by N. Ratisbon.
Pop. 900.
Kogetein, t. Moravia, on the Blata, 34 m. S. by
E.Brunn. Pop. 3,050.
Kogong, V. W. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon.
12° 12' E. Lat. 10° 45' N.
Kohkelan, district. Hind, in Lahore, between
33° and 34° N. lat. on the river Jhylum.
Kojend. See Khojund.
Koko, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic in
the bay of Iguape.
Koko, rocky shoal in the Eastern sea?. Lon. 124°
SO' E. Lat. 6'^ 2-1' S.
Kokoroo, or Balee, r. W. Africa, which rises in
Handing, not far from the Niger, and falls into
the Senegal 80 m. E. Gallam.
Kola, or Kolkoe Osirog, s-p. Russian Lapland, in
Archangel, 540 m. N. Petersburg. Lon. 32° 30'
E. Lat. 68° 22' N.
Kolar, t. Bursal um, W. Africa, near the coast,
Lat. 13° 50' N.
Kolasin, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, on the Wolga,
80 m. E. N. E. Tver. Pop. 3,500.
Kolkokro, large lake, Kamtschatka, which
abounds in sea calves.
Kolleda, or Koln, t. Prussian Saxony, on the
Lossa, 19 m. N. by E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,700.
Kolluvi, tribe of the African people called Tu-
arick, between Fezzan and Asben.
Kolno, t. Poland, 87 m. N. N. E. Warsaw. Pop.
1,000.
Kolocsa, t. Hungary, 68 m. S. Pest, near the
Danube. It is an archbishop's see. Lon. 19° O'
15' E. Lat. 46° 32' N. Pop. 4,000.
Kolokythia, s-p. Greece, (an. Gythium,) in the
Morea, 25 m. S. E. Misitra. Lon. 22° 34' E. Lat.
36° 47' N.
Kolomna, t. Eu. Russia, in Moscow, on the Oka,
near the influx of the Moskwa into that river. 65
m. S. E. Moscow. Pop. 5,800.
Kolomyia, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, on the
Pruth. Pop. 2,000.
Kolor, t. Woolly, W. Africa, near the Gambia.
Kolpakouskoi, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, on the
Oural, 124 m. E. Orenburg.
Kolyma, or Kovyma, r. A. Russia, which falls
into the Frozen ocean, in lon. 152° 24' E. Lat. 71°
25' N.
Kolyvan, a district of Asiatic Russia, in the gov-
ernment of Tomsk, on the upper part of the Obi.
It is chiefly distinguished for the extensive copper
mines situated within its limits, containing a con-
siderable proportion of silver, and a small quanti-
ty of gold. The town of Kolyvan is on the Berda,
near its junction with the Obi. Lon. 81° 50' E.
Lat. 54° 48' N.
Kolzum, t. Egypt, near the head of the Red sea,,
in the neighbourhood of Suez.
Kom. See Koom.
Komango, or Amango, one of the Friendly isles.
5 m. E. Annamooka.
Komarno, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 24 m .
S. W. Lemberg. Pop. 2,350.
Kombah, country, Central Africa, about 200 m.
S. of the Niger.
Komm, t. Bohemia, 16 m. N. N. W. Saatz.
Kommotau, t. Bohemia, 38 m. S. Dresden. Loa-
13° 25' E. Lat. 50° 26' N. Pop. 3,000.
Komol, cape, Nubia, on the coast of the Rect
sea. Lon. 35° 15' E. Lat. 22° 45' N.
Komri Gebel. See Kumri.
Kmiapour, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 32'
E. Lat. 15° 34' N.
Kong, a kingdom of Central Africa, to the S. of
the Niger. According to Mr. Bowditch's map, it
is nearly midway between Ashantee and Bam-
barra.
Kong-chang-fott, city, China, of the first rank,
in the province of Shensee, near the W. frontier.
Lon. 104° 19' E, Lat. 34° 66' N.
Kongelf, or J4'o7ig's/ia/a,t. Sweden, in Bahus, 18
m. N. Gottenburg. Pop. 900.
Kongsbacha, t. Sweden, 13m. S. Gottenburg.
Kongsberg, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, on both
sides of the Lowe, 36 m. W. Christiania. Lon, 9°
45' E. Lat, 59° ST' N. Pop. 6,800.
K O N
K'onguelienne, r. A. Russia, in Igiguinsk, which
>alls into the sea of Okhotzk.
Koniecpol, t. Poland, 60 m. N. Cracow. Pop.
1,050.
Konieh, or Cogni, (an. Iconium,) city, Carama-
nia, in Asia Minor. Lon. 32° 4' E. Lat. 37°
52' N.
Konjeur, district, Hind, in Orissa, between 21°
and 22° N. lat. Konjeur, the capital, is in lon,
85° 45' E. lat. 21° 34' N.
Konigingratz, one of the sixteen circles into
which Bohemia is divided. It is contiguous to Si-
lesia and Moravia. Extent, 1,300 sq. miles. Pop.
263,000.
Konigingratz-, or Koniggrals, t. Bohemia, on
ihe Elbe, cap. of the preceding circle, and the
see of a bishop. 139 m. N. Vienna, 64 E. by N.
Prague. Lon. 15° 39' E. Lat. 50° 10' N. Pop.
5,700.
Konigsberg, city, and cap. of E. Prussia, on the
Pregel, 4 m. from its mouth. The principal pub-
lic buildings are the town-house, an anatomical
theatre, an hospital, an orphan-house, and the
royal palace. Konigsberg was one of the Hanse
towns. Its exports consist of wheat, rye, hemp,
flax, and lintseed ; also tallow, wax, and oil. The
chief imports from England are colonial produce,
hardware, printed cottons, and India piece goods;
also coals. A considerable trade is carried on
with Holland. The chief manufactures are
woollens, leather, and gloves. It has a university.
K O P
379
Konigswalde, v. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, near
Grunhayn. Pop. 1,350.
Konigsivart, t. Bohemia, 14 m. E. S. E. Egra.
Konigswusterhausen, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg,
on the Suhne. Pop. 2,100.
Konin, t. Poland, 80 m. S. Culm. Pop. 1,300.
Konilz, t. Germany, in Moravia, 15 m. W. Ol-
mutz. Pop. 950.
Konkodoo, country, W. Africa, situated between
the upper part of the Faleme and Senegal, bor-
dering on Jallonkadoo, Satadoo, and Dentila.
Konnem, or Connern, t. Prussian Saxony, on
the Saale, 34»m. N. W. Leipsic. Pop. 1,800.
Konoljingen, v. Switz. 7 m. E. S. E. Bern.
Konolop, t. Russia, in Czernigov. Lon, 37° 84'
E. Lat, 51° 5' N.
Konsan, t, W. Africa, in Foota Jallo, 120 m. W.
Kakundy.
Konskie, t. Poland, 38 m. W. S. W. Radom,
Pop, 1,000,
Konstantinograd, t, Eu. Russia, on the Orel, 49
m. E, by S. Poltava. Pop. 1,200.
Kooch, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79° 35' E. Lat.
26° N.
Koog, V. Netherlands, in North Holland, 6 m.
N. Amsterdam. Pop. 1,700.
Koojar, t. W. Africa, in Woolly, 54 m. E. Me-
dina.
Rookies, Race of. See Chittagong.
Koolikorro, t. VV. Africa, in Bambarra, on the
Niger, 130 m. S. W. Sego.
founded in 1544, with 18 professors, and about X'oom, city, Persia, formerly one of the first cit-
300 students. The majority of the inhabitant^ ies of Persia, and long celebrated for its silk man-
"" "" ~ ufacture. It was completely destroyed in 1722,
by the Afghans. Part has since been rebuilt.
Lon. 50° 29' E. Lat. 34° 45' N.
Kooma, t. Persia, 12 m. S. Ispahan.
Koondah, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon. S4P 47' E.
are Germans and Lutherans. 76 m. E. N. E,
Dantzic, 70 S. by W, Memel. Lon. 20° 29' E.
Lat. 54° 42' N. Pop. 55,000, of whom 8,000 are
Jews.
Konigsberg in Franconia, t. 14 m. N. W. Bam-
berg.
Konigsberg, t. Bohemia, ou the Elbe, 6 m. N. E.
Egra. Pop. 2,600.
Konigsberg, t. Prussia, on the Rorike, 59 m. N.
E. Berlin. 'Pop. 3,250.
Konigsberg, t. Silesia. Lon. 18° 10' E. Lat.
49° 40' N. Pop. 900.
Konigsberg, t. Germany, in Upper Hesse, 46 m.
N. N. E. Mentz. Lon. 8° 35' E. Lat. 50° 38' N.
Konigsbruck, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on
the Pulsnitz. Pop. 1,050.
Konigseck, t. Bohemia, 10 m, E, S, E. Neuhaus.
Konigshain, v. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 3 m.
N, E. Hirschfeld. Pop. 1,200.
Konigshayn, v. Prussia, in Silesia, 3 m. E.
Glatz. Pop, 900,
Konigshof, t, Bohemia, on the Elbe, 14 m, N,
Konigingratz, Pop, 2,900,
Konigshofen im Grabfelde, t, Franconia, on the
Saale, 30 m. N. W. Bamberg, Pop. 1,400,
Konigshofen, t. Baden, on the Tauber, 74 m. S.
E. Mentz. Pop. 1,350.
Konigshofen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 17 m. S.
W. Dusseldorf. Pop, 1,000,
Konigslutter, t, Germany, in Brunswick, on the
Lutter, 17 m, E. Brunswick. Pop. 1,600.
Konigs-sladt, t, Bohemia, 5 m. S. W. Konigin-
gratz. Pop. 1,300.
Konigstein, t, Germany, in Nassau, 16 m. N, E,
Mentz. Lon. 8° 24' E, Lat. 50° 12' N, Pop, 800.
Konigstein, t. Saxony, 16 m. S. E. Dresden.
Pop. 1,050.
Konigswald, t. Prussia, in New Mark of Bran-
-^fiBburg, 22 m. E, Kustrin. Pop. 1,050.
f
Lat. 24° 11' N.
Koongul, fort, India, in Mysore, 54 m. E. Serin-
gapatam. ,
Kooniakary, t. Woolly, W, Africa, 48 ra. E. N.
E. Medina.
Kooniakary, t. W. Africa, cap. of Kasson. Lon.
80 58'W. Lat. 14° 36' N.
Koonzelghur, fort. Hind, in Bejapore.
Koorbah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 83° 8' E.
Lat 22° 25' N.
Koookarany, t. Bondou, W.Africa, 50 m. W.
Fatteconda.
Koorlepulfoo, district, Ceylon, on the E. side of
the island, in about 8° N. lat.
Kooro, t. Africa, in Foota Jallo, Lon, 10° 20'
W, Lat. 10° 8' N.
Koorwey, t. Hind, in Malwah, Lon. 78° 17' E.
Lat. 24° 11' N.
Koosee. See Coosa.
Kooshaub, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon, 71° 5'E.
Lat. 31° 45' N,
Kooshkyserd, an extensive plain of Irak, in
Persia,
Kooskooskee, r, Columbia-River country, which
rises in the Rocky mountains, and joins Lewis
river, between lon, 117° and 118° W. and be-
tween lat. 46° and 47° N.
Koospagunick, r, Canada, which runs into St.
John's lake. .Lon. 72° 9' W. Lat, 48° 20' N.
Kootahe, or Cocoa Island, isl, in the South Pa-
cific ocean. Lon. 173° 48' W. Lat. 15° 55' S.
Kopaul, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 76° 6' E.
Lat. 15° 28' N.
Kopiel, or Kopyl, t. Russia, in Caucasus, cm the
390
K O S
left bank of the Cuban. Before the Russian coli«
2uest, it was the residence of the Seraskier of the
;uban. Lon. 37° 32' E. Lat. 45° 10' N.
KapiTtg, t. Sweden, 18 m. W. by N. Westeraas,
fop. 1,250.
Koprainitz, t. Croatia, 76 m. N. E. Carlstadt.
Pop. 3,200.
Kopyl, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk, 16 m.
tJ. W. Slutzk. Pop. 1,000.
Kopys, t Russia, on the Dnieper, 30 m. N. Mo-
hilev. Lon. 30° 5' E. Lat. 54° 15' N. Pop. 1,600.
Korassan, province of Persia, having Irak and
Mazanderan to the W. Seistan to the. S. Bukharia
and Balk to the N. and E. It is in general a level
country, though intersected by lofty and irregular
ranges of mountains ; some part of it also consists
of sandy deserts. The soil is generally excellent,
producing corn, wine, fruit, rice, and silk, plenti-
fully and of excellent quality. The authority of
the king of Persia at present extends only over
tlie western district. The southern parts, inclu-
ding Herat, have fallen under the dominion of the
Afghans ; the eastern and northern are occupied
by the king of Bukharia, and by wandering tribes
of Turcomans. These nations carry on con-
stantly a predatory warfare, and their parties of
flying horse are incessantly scouring the country,
and laying it waste.
Kordofan, country, Central Africa, between
the Icingdom of Darfur and that of Sennaar.
Ibeit IS the capital.
Koriaks, a people of Siberia, who inhabit part
of tlie government of Okhotsk, around the gulf of
Penginskaia, and N. as far as the banks of the
Anadir. They are divided into the fixed and the
v/andering Koriaks. Tae wandering Koriaks
subsist by hunting and plunder. The whole num-
ber is about 2,000.
Korjihaak, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the river
Jhylum. Lon. 73° 4' E. Lat. 32° 40' N.
Koritschan, t. Moravia, 27 m. E. by S. Brunn.
Pop. 1,200.
Kork, V. Baden, 3 m. E. Kehl. Pep. 850.
Korkan. See Jorjan.
Korna, v. Irak Arabi, at the junction of the
Euphrates and Tigris.
Komhaus, t. Bohemia, 21 m. W. by N. Prague.
Kom-Keuburg, t. Lower Austria, on the Dan-
ube, 10 m. N. Vienna. Lon. 16° 19' E. Lat. 48°
21'22"N. Pop. 1,800.
Korop, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, on the Des-
na. Lou. 33° 40' E. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Koros (the Black), r. Hungary, which falls into
the Theysse near Czongrad.
Koroticha, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 44 m. S. S.
E. Kursk. Pop. 8,000.
Koround, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 44' E.
Lat. 270 11' N.
Korpo, group of islands in the archipelago of
Abo, on the W . coast of Finland. Lon. 21° 25' E.
Lat. 60° 9' N.
Korschenbroich, v. Prussian territory, on the
Rhine, in Neersen.
Korsewelan, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
128° 40' E. Lat. 7° 39' S.
Korti, t. Africa, on the Nile, 60 m. E. Dongola,
Koriright, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 10 m. N. E.
Delhi, 62 S. W, Albany. Pop. 2,993.
Korumabad. See Khorumabad.
KoschuraUkoi, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the
©ural, 24 m. S. Ouralsk.
Kosd, t. Prussia, in Silesia, on the Oder) 73 m.
S. E. Brtslau. Pop. 3,300.
K O U
Kostltz, t. Eu. Russia, 45 m. S. Czernigov. Pop.
2,000.
Koselsk, t. Eu. Russia, 42 m. S. S. W. Kaluga.
Pop. 2,900.
Kosichinskoiy fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the
Volga, 48 m. N. N. W. Astracan.
Kosie, kingdom, W. Africa, on the E. bank of
the river Lagos, about 60 m. from its mouth.
Kosmin, t. Prussian Poland, 30 m. W. Kalisch.
Pop. 1,700.
Kostanicsza, t. Austrian Croatia, on the Unna,
62 m. E. by S. Carlstadt. Lon. 16° 36' 39" E. Lat.
45° 13' 57" N. Pop. 3,300.
Kostel, t. Moravia, 6 m. S. S. E. Auspitz. Lon.
16° 47' E. Lat. 48° 50' N. Pop. 1,500.
Kostel, t. Austrian lUyria, in Lower Carniola, 5
m. S. Gottsche.
Kosteletz, t. Moravia, 7 m. S. W. Olmutz. Pop.
1,100.
Kosldelz on the Elbe, t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. N.
E. Prague. Lon. 14° 45' E. Lat. 50° 12' N.
Kosteletz on the Krewzel, or Black KosteletZy t.
Bohemia, 21 m. E. by S. Prague. Pop. 900.
Kosten, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m. S. S. W. Po-
sen. Pop. 1,300.
Kottendil, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 100 m.
N. Salonica. Pop. 8,000.
Koster^s Islands, group of islands in the North
sea, on the coast of Gottenburgh, in Sweden.
JKostrama, one of tlie largest governments of
Eu. Russia, between 40° 20' and 48° 20' E. Ion.
and 56° 45' and 59° 13' N. lat. and bounded by
♦*the governments of Vologda, Viatka, Niznei-
Novgorod, Vladimir, and Jaroslav. Extent,
38,400 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,150,000.
Kostroma, t. Eu. Russia, and cap. of the gov«
ernment of the same name, is on the Wolga, near
the influx of the nver Kostroma. Pop. 9,tX)0. It
is the see of a bishop. 435 m. E. by S. St. Peters-
bur-h. Lon. 41° 12' E. Lat. 57° 45' N.
Koizieglow, t. Poland, 51 m. N. W. Cracow.
Pop. 1,350.
Kotah, t. and fortrsss. Hind, in Ajmere. Lon.
75°48'E. Lat. 25° 11' N.
Kolelnitsch, t. Eu. rtussia, on the Viatka, 36 na.
S. W. Viatk... Pop. 4,000.
Kothen, t. Germauv, m Uppar Saxony, 12 m.
S. W. Dessau. Lon. 12° a' E. Lat. 5 1 ° 47 N.
Kotnar, t. Moldavia, 29 m. N. W. Jassy.
Koto. See Q^uitta.
Kotoo, one of the small Friendly islands, 16 m.
N. Annamooka. Lon. 185° 11' E. Lat. 19= 58'S.
Kotrou, s-p. Ivory coast of Africa, 20 m. W.
Cape Lahou.
Kolschau^ t. Bohemia, 3 m. N. E. Tachau.
Kottiar, district, Ceylon, on the eastern side of
the island, between 8° and 9° N. lat,
Kotlis, t Lower Austria, 10 m. S. Zwetl.
Koftocomb, t. Central Africa, 100 m. S. Bornou.
Kotzting, t. Bavaria, 37 m. E. Ratisbon. Pop.
900.
Kouakand. See Kovkan.
Kouangnan-fou, city, China, of the first rank,
in Yunnan. Lon. 106° 14' E. Lat. 30° 32' N.
Koucho, v. W. Africa, 36 m. up the river
Sherbro.
Koudekerk, v. Netherlands, in S. Holland, 4 m.
E.by S. I.eyden. Pop. 900.
Koukcn, city. Independent Tartary, near the
banks of the Sirr or Sihon, 70 leagues N. E. Sa-
marcand. 65 W. Cashgar.
Koukou. See Kuku.
Kowna, r. A. R'xs'sia, which rises in the Cauca-
K R A
SU9, and flowing eastward, loses itself in the sayd,
before reaching the Caspian sea.
Koum el Arab, v. Upper Egypt, on tiic Nile, 8
m. N. Tahta.
KoumErige, t. Upper Egypt, on the Nile, 12
m. N. Benisuef.
Koum Ombo. See Ombo.
Koumyks, Mahometan and Tartar nation, who
live at the foot of Caucasus, on the right bank of
the Terek.
Kovrov, t. Eu. Russia, 24 m. E. Vladimir.
Kous, (an. Appollinopolis Parva,) t. Upper
Egypt, on the E, baink of the Nile, opposite Thebes.
The greater part of its commerce is now trans-
ferred to Kene.
Kouznetzk, t. in Tomsk, A. Russia. Lon. 87°
30' E. Lat. 53° 20' N.
Kowal, t. Poland, 80 m. W. by N. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,500.
Kowar. See Kiawer.
Kowno, or Kauen, t. Russia, in the government
©f Wilna, at the junction of the Niemen and the
Wilna, 66 m. W. N. W. Wilna. Pop. 3,400.
Kowrowa, v. Owyhee, in Karakakooa bay,
where captain Ci ok was killed in 1779.
Koyar^ I. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 79° 35' E. Lat.
20° 6' N.
Koydanovo, t. Eu. Russia, 16 m. S. S. W.Minsk.
Kozelets, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, 45 m. N.
N.E. Kiev.
K02I0V, t. Eu. Russia, 48 m. W. N. W. Tam-
bov. Lon. 33° 33' 48" E. Lat. 45° U' 54" N.
Pop. 7,100.
Kosmin, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W. N. W,
Kalisch. Pop. 1,700.
Krahben, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Guiana. Lon. 57° 60' W. Lat. 0° 10' N.
Krcw. See Karak.
Krageroe, t. Norway. Lon. 9° 30' 42" E. Lat.
58° 51' 35" N.
Krahenheimsktten, t. Baden, 8 m. W. Sigma-
ringen.
Krainburg, t. Austrian lUyria, in Carniola, on
the Save, 20 m. W. Laybach. Lon. 14° 11' E.
Lat. 46° 20' N. Pop. 1,400.
Krakataa, isl. in the straits of Sunda, 10 miles
in circumference. Lon. 105° 15' E. Lat. 6° 9' S.
Kraliewa Velika, t. Sclavonia, 156 m. S. Vien-
na. Lon. 17° 30' E. Lat. 45° 44' N.
Kralowitz, t. Bohemia, 15 m. S. W. Rakonitz.
Fop. 950.
Krannichfeld, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, on
thellm. Pop. 1,300. Lon. 11° 11' 45" E. Lat.
50° 51' 55'' N.
Krapiwna, t. Prussian Silesia, on the Oder, 9
in. N. E. Ober Glogau. Pop. 1,200.
Krasnibrod, t. Hungary, in Semplin, 35 m. N.
E. Eperies.
Krasnobrod, t. Poland, 28 m. W. Belcz.
Krasnoe, v. Eu. Russia, 30 m.S. W. Smolensk.
Krasnoe-SelOf v. Eu. Russia, 20 m. fr. St. Pe-
tersburgh.
Krasnoiank, t. in Astracan, A. Russia, on an
island formed by arms of the Volga. Lon. 48°
30' E. Lat. 46° 29' N. Pop. 1,970.
Krasnoiarsk, t. A. Russia, in Tomsk, on a small
river which falls into the Yenisei. Pop. 3,450.
Krasno-kutsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Charcov, 40 m.
W. S. W. Charkov. Pop. 4,000.
Krasno-slobodsk, t Eu. Russia, in Penza, on the
river Moskwa. Pop. 4,700.
Krasnostaw, t. Poland, in Lublin, on the river
Wieprez, 26 m. S. S. W. Chelm. Fop. 2,500.
K U B
^81
Hrasmy-Cholm, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, 100 m.
N. by E. Tver. Pop. 1,800.
Krassova, an extensive palatinate in the S. E. of
Hungary. Pop. 200,000.
Kreben, t. Prussian Poland, 32 m. S. Posen.
Pop. 1,300.
Kreidersville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Kremenezy t. Russian Poland, in Volhynia, 224
m. E. Cracow. Pop. 3,650.
Krementschuk, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, on the
Dnieper, 38 m. W. N. W. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
33° 59' E. Lat. 49° 3' 28" N. Pop. 7,400.
Krempe, t. Denmark, in Holstein. Lon. 9° 23'
E, Lat. 53° 53' N. Pop. 1,000.
Kremsier, or Kromerzit^ t. Austrian states, 17
m. S. Olmutz. Lon. 17° 20' E. Lat. 49° 17' N.
Pop. 3,200.
Krestzy, t. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, 67 m. 8. E.
Novgorod. Pop. 1,900.
Kreutzy t. Austria, 150 m. S. by E. Vienna.
Pop. 1,800.
Krilovy t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav. Pop.
2,200.
Krishna. See Kistnah.
Kritschev, or Kriczev, t. Eu. Russia, in Mohi-
lev, 56 m. S. Mohilev.
Kr/ukov, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the Dnie-
per. Pop. 1,000.
Krobtn, or Krawe, t. Prussian Poland, 44 m. S.
Posen. Pop. 1,300.
Krcepelin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 22 m. N. E. W.smar. Pop. 1,250.
Krojanke, t Prussian Poland, 24 m. S. S. W.
Friedland. Pop. 1,800.
Kromaur, t. Moravia, 18 m. N. E. Znaym.
Pop. 1,400.
Kromme, bay, S. Africa, Cape of Good Hope^
in about lat. 34° S.
Kromy, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 16 m. S. Orel.
Pop. 2,000.
Krook, city, Persia, 150 m. S. E. Kerman.
Kropivnuy t. Eu. Russia, 16 m. W. Tula. Pop.
1,000.
Krossen, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 90 m,
W. Lemberg. Pop. 4,900.
Krotoschyn, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W. Ka-
lisch. Pop. 4,100.
Krotzka, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the S. iide
of the Danube, 15 m. S.E. Belgrade.
Krulich, or Grulich, t. Bohemia, 82 m. E.
Prague. Pop. 2,000.
Krumbach, t. Bavaria, 56 m. W. Munich. Pop.
1,400.
Krumlau, or Krumau, t. Bohemia, on the Mul-
da, 76 m. S. Prague. Lon. 14° 13' E. Lat. 48°
59' N.
Krzepice, t. Poland, 52 m. N. W. Cracow. Pop.
900.
Krzizanau, t. Moravia, 23 m. N. W. Brunu.
Pop. 1,200.
Ktadne. See Katdhdin.
Kteifa, (an. Adarisi,) t. Syria, 22 m. E. N. E.
Damascus.
Kuara, a mountainous province at the W. ex-
tremity of Abyssinia, near the banks of the Bahr-
el-Abiad.
Kubbeer, Sea of, salt lake, Irak, in Persia, 150
miles long, and 35 broad.
Kubbees, citv, Seistan, in Persia, 150 m. N. E.
Kerman, 160 S. E. Yezd.
Kubin, t. Hungary, on the Danube, opposite
Semendria. Pop. 2,400.
382
K U P
K U T
Kvbin, t. Hungary. Pop. 1,900. Lon. 19^ 18'
E. Lat. 49° 14' N.
Kudamia, v. Egypt, on the Nile, 20 m. N. Cairo.
Kufa, city, Irak Arabi, 4 m. N. Meshed Ali.
Kuffslein, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, on
the Inn, 43 m. E. N. E. Inspruck.
Kuft, or Krft, an ancient city of Upper Egypt,
formerly called Coptos, which, during the time of
the Ptolemies, *was the great emporium of its
commerce. Lon. 32° E. Lat. 25° 50' N.
Kuhtar, district, Hind, in Cashftiere, between
34° and 35° N. lat
Kuiatskaia. See Kiakhta.
Kulla, country. Central Africa, S. E. of Wan-
gara. It appears probable that this country is
the same described by Mr. Bowdich under the
name of Quolla.
Kullo, district, W. Africa, ou the main branch
of the Senegal.
Kulmeeta, v. Algiers, on the Shelliff, 6 m. N.
Mustygannim.
Kulpa, r. .\ustrian Illyria, which forms the
bounc^ry between Croatia and Carniola, and
falls into the Save, on the confines of Sclavonia.
Kulsheim, t. Baden, 40 m. E. by S. Heidelberg.
Pop. 1,900.
Kumania, two districts, in the central part of
Hungary, on the great river Theyss.
Kumbalia, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69° 45'
E. Lat. 22° 15' N.
Kumi, isl. in the Eastern seas, one of a cluster,
between Formosa and Japan. Lon. 23° 16' E.
Lat. 24° 33' N.
Kumline, small isl. in the Baltic, between Fin-
land and the Aland isles. Lon. 20° 37' E. Lat
60° 17' N.
Kwmriy Gebel, or Mountains of the Moon, a
range of mountains in Central Africa, S. of Abys-
sinia and Darfur. It is commonly represented as
forming a complete belt across Africa; but there
appears much reason to doubt such a continuity.
Kuna, t Russian Poland, in Podolia, 15 m. S.
E. Braclaw.
Kunashir, isl. of the Eastern seas, one of the
Kuriles, about 100 miles long, and 35 broad.
Kundal, t. Bengal, inTipperah. Lon. 91° 18'
E. Lat. 23° 12' N.
Kundapoor, s-p. India, in Canara, near the
mouth of a river. Lon. 74° 47' E. Lat. 13° 33' N.
Kungwr, t. Ea. Russia, 40 m. S. Perm. Pop.
6,000.
Kunka, district. Hind, in Orissa, on the sea
coast.
Kunkagur, cap. of the above district, is on the
sea coast. Lon. 87° 5' E. Lat. 20° 50' N.
Kunowiiz, t. Moravia, 37 m. S. by E. Olmutz.
Pop. 2,500.
Kunistadt, t Silesia, 38 m. E. Breslau. Lon.
18° 3' E. Lat. 51° 2' N.
Kun Szent Miklos, t Hungary, in Little Ru-
mania, 35 m. S. Pest. Pop. 4,000.
Kunzelsau, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 9 m.
N. E. Ochringen. Pop. 2,000.
Kuopio, t Ell. Russia, in Finland, 220 m. N. N.
E. Abo. Pop. 850.
Kupferbcrg, t. Bavarian States, 37 m. N. E.
Bamberg. Pop. 900.
Kupferberg, t. Silesia, on the Bober, 17 m. S.
W. Jauer. Pop. 800.
Kuph, v. Syria, 35 m. S. S. W. Aleppo.
Kupinowa, t. Hungary, on the Save, 16 m. S.
S- W. Belgrade.
Kuppenheim, t. Baden, on the Murg, 22 m. N.
E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,200.
Kur, (an. Cyrus,) r. Georgia, in Asia. It rises
on the borders of Armenia, and flows N. for 50 or
60 miles, when it turns to the S. W. and flows, by
several mouths, into the Caspian.
Kurczahan, r. Russia, in Podolia, which falls
into the Dniester, below Bender.
Kurda, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 3 m. S. Therand.
Kurdistan, country, Asia, lying partly in Ar-
menia and partly in Persia. The inhabitants live
chiefly on plunder, and are not subject either to
Turks or Persians.
Kurenk, r. Mekran, in Persia, which runs into
the Indian sea, 30 m. W. Tiiz.
Kurgan, r. Korassan, in Persia, which runs into
tlie Caspian sea, W. of Astrabat.
Kurgomah, t. Hind, in Gundwana. Lon. 82°
25' E. Lat 23° 11' N.
Kuriat, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, 20 m. S. E.
Muscat.
Kunles, a long range of small islands at the E.
extremity of Asia, extending from the S. point of
Kamschatka to the isle of Jesso. The whole
length is nearly 900 miles. Some of these islands
are not inhabited, and several are uninhabitable
for want of water. Most of these islands are sub-
ject to Russia, and the inhabitants pay a tribute
of furs and sea calves, which the Russians collect
every two or three years. The three most southerly
belong to Japan. The entire population of the
archipelago has been estimated at 1,400. It ex-
tends from lat. 42° to 51° N.
Kurmysch, t. Eu. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the
Sura. Pop. 1,200. Lon. 46° E. Lat. 55° 28' N.
Kurnik, t. Prussian Poland, 12 m. S. E. Posen.
Pop. 1,350.
Kurrabagh, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 67®
57' E. Lat 33° 28' N.
Kursk, government of Eu. Russia, lying be-
tween 35° and 39° E. lon. and 50° 30' and 52° 30'
N. lat, bounded by the governments of Orel, Vor-
onez, Slobodsk, Ukraine, and Czernigov. Extent,
15,000 sq. miles. It is flat and fertile. The soil is
in many parts a black mould. Corn is the cliief
product and article of export ; next come hemp,
tobacco, honey, and sitpetre. Pop. about
1,200,000.
Kursk, t. Russia, on the river Tuskara, cap. of
the preceding province, 240 m. S. Moscow, 544 S.
S. E. Petersburgh. Lon. 36° 27' E. Lat 51° 4$
N. Pop. 16,000.
Kurtoiviany, t. Russia, in Wilna, 16 m. E. ^.
E. Miedniki.
Kusmo-demiansk, t Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on
the Wolga, 112 m. N. W. Kasan, Lon. 46° 25'
W. Lat. 56° 20' N. Pop. 2,500.
Ku,snezk, t Eu. Russia, in Saratov, 71 m. E.
Penza, 112 N. Saratov. Pop. 4,500.
Kussnacht, t Switz. in Schweitz, on Wald-
stadter lake, 6 m. N. E. Lucerne.
Kussnacht, v. Switz. on the lake of Zurich, 9
m. S. Zurich. Pop. 1,700.
Kutno, t. Poland, 54 m. W. Warsaw. Pop.
2,550.
Kuttahunk. See Buzzard's bay.
Kuttair, or Kuttaher. See Rohilcund.
Kuttenberg, or Kutna Hora, t. Bohemia, 40 m.
E. by S. Prague. Pop. 6,300. Its silver mines,
formerly very productive, are now overflowed
with water.
Kultlau, t Prussia, in Silesia, 6 ra. N. N. W, ■
Gros Glogau. Pop. 1,400.
LAB
Kuttore, fort, India, in Cafiristan.
Kuttubdea, isl. in the bay of Bengal, separated
from the main by a strait 2 miles broad. Lon. of
the N. end, 91° 48' E. Lat. 21° 55' N.
Kutyy t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, on the
Czeremosz, 61 m. S. S. E. Halicz. Pop. 4,000.
Kuwnik, t. Prussian Poland, 12 m. S. S. E. Po-
sen. Pop. 1,300.
Kupider, s-p. Friesland, on the river Kuynder,
near its influx into the Zuyder Zee. Lon. 5° 32'
E. Lat. 52° 41' N.
Kuzenhausen, v. France, 9 m. N. Strasburg.
Pop. 1,100.
Kyla, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, 23 m. S.
W. Carlstadt.
Kylburg, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the Kyll, 30 m. N. N. E. Luxemburg.
Kyll, r. Germany, which falls into the Moselle,
5 m. below Treves.
Kyll, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 1190 E. Lat. 2° 30' S.
LAC
383
Kymmenegard, extensive province of Finland,
belonging to Russia. Pop. 115,000.
Kyn, small isl. of the Baltic, on the coast of
Russia, 40 m. N. by E. Riga.
Kyndee, t. Hind, in Balaar. Lon. 85° 5' E. Lat.
24° 15' N.
Kyragur, t. Hind, in Gundwanah. Lon. 81°
32' E. Lat. 21° 27' N.
Kyranty, t. Bengal, in Couch Bahar. Lon. 88°
50' E. Lat. 26° 45' N.
Kyrauf, district, Hind, between 27° and 28° N.
lat. bounded N. by the Himaleh mountains, E.
by Bootan, S. by Morung, and W. by Nepaul.
The Teesta is its principal river, and its chief
town Damsoug.
Kyreegur, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 51' E.
Lat. 28° 18' N.
Kyritz, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 46
m. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12° 26' E. Lat. 52° 26' N-.
Pop. 2,000.
L'AiGi-E. See Aigle, L\
Laa, or Laab, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya,
39 m. N. Vienna. Pop. 1,300.
Laach on the Jauerling, t. Lower Austria, near
the Danube, 10 m. W. S. W. Stein.
Laarat, isl. in the Eastern seas at the N. E. ex-
tremity of Timorlaut.
Lacus, or Losch, t. Austrian lUyria, 23 m. E. N.
E. Trieste.
Laasphe, t. Prussian states, 75 m. E. Cologne.
Lon. 8° 30' E. Lat. 50° 53' N. Pop. 1,300.
Labadia, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, 17 m.
N. Rovigo.
Labbock Bay, on the N. E. coast of the island
of Borneo. Lon. 1 17° 55' E. Lat. 6° 2' N.
Labensttin. See Lobenslein.
Laber, r. Bavaria, which falls into the Danube
at Sinzing, above Ratisbon.
Labcs, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 35 m. N. E.
Stargard. Lon. 15° 39' E. Lat. 53° 39' N.
Labiau, t. E. Prussia, 24 m. E. N. E. Konigs-
berg. Lon. 21° 6'E. Lat. 54° 51' N. Pop. 2,500.
Labischin, t. Prussian Poland, on an island, in
the river Netz, 37 m. N. Gnesna. Pop. 2,000.
Labo, t. on the W, coast of Sumatra. Lat 3°
20' N.
Labon, t. on the W. coast of Sumatra, celebra-
ted for gold dust and camphor ; 156 m. S. S. E.
Acheen. Lon. 96° 40' E. Lat, 3° 10' N.
Labooan, isl. in the Eastern seas, on the N. W.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 15° E. Lat. 5° 20' N.
Labrador, country, N. America, between 50°
and 60° N. lat. bounded S. by Canada and the
gulf of St. Lawrence, E. by the Atlantic ocean,
N. by Hudson's straits, and W. by Hudson's bay.
The whole of this vast tract of country is of the
most barren and dreary aspect, the surface moun-
tainous, and of a poor soil, covered only with
coarse plants, adapted to the nourishment of deer
and o^er wild animal?. The inhabitaaxts on the
coast are the Esquimaux Indians. They are of
small stature, and ,in their language, persons, and
manners, bear a near resemblance to the Green-
landers. Their food consists chiefly of the flesh ot'
seals, rein-deer, and fish, and their dress is made
entirely of skins. Three settlements have been
formed in this desolate country by the Moravian
missionaries ; who, since the year 1764, have been
labouring to promote the conversion of the inhab-
itants to the Christian religion, and to train them
to habits of civilization. The name of the settle-
ments are Nain, Okkak, and Hopedale, and a new
settlement at Kangertluksoak, it was expected
would be formed in the course of the year 1821.
The three settlements contain about 600 inhabit-
ants.
Labun, t. Eu. Russia. Pop. 3,200.
Laby, t. W, Africa, in the kingdom of Foota
Jallo, 72 m, N. W. Teemboo, Pop. about 5,000.
Lacadie, t. Lower Canada, 53 m. N. Platts-
burg, N. Y.
Lacau Sable, lake, N. W. Territory, on the
route between Lake Superior and the Mississippi,
600 m. above the mouth of St. Peter's river. Un-
til 1816, the principal station of the British N.
W. Fur company was on this lake. The station is
now occupied by the American S. W, Fur com-
pany.
Laccadives, an archipelago of low islands lying
off" the W. coast of India, between 8° and 13° N,
lat. Most of them are inhabited by a race of Ma-
hometans called Moplays. They produce cocoa
nuts in abundance.
Lac des deux Monlagnes, seigniory, York co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of Ottawa river, 25^
m. W, Montreal, Here is an Indian village of
about 60 houses, with a church and priest,
Lacedcemon. See Misitra.
Lacepedes Islands, a group of small islands on th«
N. W. coast of New HoUand. Lou. 117° 8' E,
Lat. 16° 43' S.
3^4
LAD
Lachen, v. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 3 m,
S. E. Neustadt. Pop. 1,000.
Lachenaye, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Can-
ada, on the river St. Jean, 13 m. N. Montreal.
Lacherrotiere, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 38
m. W. Quebec.
Lachford, t. Eng. in Chester co. li m. S. E.
Warrington. Pop. 944.
Lachine^ v. on Montreal island, Lower Canada,
t m. above the city of Montreal. The rapid of St.
Louis prevents vessels ascending from Montreal,
so that all the commerce with the N. W, country
centres at Lachine. It is intended to connect La-
chine with Montreal by a canal, and the sum of
25,000/. has been lately voted by the Provincial
Parliament for the commencement of this work.
Lachish, in Sac. Geog. city, Palestine, in the
tribe of Judah, 20 m. S. E. Jerusalem.
• Lacfisa, Lahsa, or Hajar, a division of Arabia,
extending along the S. W, coast of the Persian
gulf, from its entrance at Cape Mussendoom, and
to a considerable distance inland. The coast is
fertile ajid well peopled, abounding in dates, rice,
and cotton ; but a great part of the interior con-
sists of sandy plains. This country was formerly
subject to Turkey, but the natives have now en-
tirely shaken off the yoke.
Lachsa, t. Arabia, cap. of the above province,
and residence of the scheik. Lon. 48° 34' E. Lat.
26° 56' N.
Laekar, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 30 miles long
and 6 broad. Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat. 8° 18' S.
Lackawanac, t. Mercer Co. Pa. Pop. 379.
Lackaivaxen, r. Pa. which falls into the Dela-
ware, in Pike co. 174 m. above Philadelphia.
Lackawaxen, p-t. Pike co. Pa. Pop. 165.
Lac Metapediachy seigniory, Cornwallis co.
Lower Canada, comprising a tract of land 3 miles
wide round lake Metapediach.
Lac Metis, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower
Canada, comprising a tract of land 3 miles wide
round lake Metis.
Ladautre, seigniory, Warwick co. Lower Can-
ada, on the St. Lawrence, 40 m. N. E. Montreal.
Lacuit de Punta, a cape on the coast of Chili,
Lat. 42° 8' S.
Ladenburg, t.Baden, 'on the Neckar, 6 m. E.
Manheim. Lon. 8° 40' E. Lat. 49° 27' N. Pop,
2,000,
Ladik, or Ladikieh^ See Latakia.
Ladoga, or Ladoska, lake, Russia, between the
Baltic and Lake Onega. Length, 130 miles,
breadth, 75. Extent, 6.200 miles.
Ladoga, J^eiv, t. Russia, on the canal and river
Volchov, 56 m. E. Petersburgh. Lon. 32° E, Lat,
60° 2' N.
Ladon, t. France, 27 m. E. N. E, Orleans,
Lados Isles, in the Eastern seas, off the N. W.
coast of the Malay peninsula. Lon. 99° 40' E.
Lat, 6° 5' i\.
Ladronea, or Mariana Islands, in the Pacific
ocean, stretching 450 miles from N. to S. These
islands are 14, or, according to some, 16 in num-
ber. The inhabitants are tall, robust, and very
active. They are naturally acute, lively, and in-
genious. Their ingenuity and mechanical talents
were most conspicuous in the invention of that
singular vessel called the flying prow. With a
brisk wind these prows will sail at tlie rate of 20
aiiles per hour. These islands arc the report ef
L A H
pirates who infest the mouth of the Canton rivei',
and have long set the whole naval power of the
Chinese at defiance. Lon. of the Great Ladrone,
113°44'E. Lat.21°52'N.
Ladrones, three small islands ia the Pacific
ocean, on the coast of Veraguay, 8 m. S. E. Cape
Boruca. Lon. 83° 16' W. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Ladurantaie, now St. Michaels and St. Vallitf)
which see.
Lady's Island, small isl. off the coast of S. C. ne^*
Port Royal.
Lafourche, or Chetimaches, r. Louisiana, an out-
let of the Mississip])i. It leaves the main stream
at Donaldson, about 90 m. above New Orleans,
and dividing into two channels, enters the gulf of
Mexico in 'fimballier bay. Its length is about 45
miles.
Lafourche, co. Louisiana, on the river Lafour-
che, at its mouth. Pop. 4,467.
Lafourche, p-t. Arcadia co. Louisiana, 75 m, N.
W. New-Orleans.
Lagau, or Lagou, t. Prussia, in the New Mark
of Brandenburg. Lon. 15° 26' E. Lat, 52°
28' N.
Lage, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, 9 m. S, W. Rostock.
Lagida, r. Cuba, which runs into the sea at the
Havannah.
Lagnieu, t France, 22 m. N. E. Lyons.
Lagny, t. France, 15 m. E. N. E. Paris.
Lago, r. W. Africa, which falls into the bay of
Sierra Leone.
Lagoa, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea, in lat. 33° 10' S.
Lagoa de Patos, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lat.
29° 25' S.
Lagoa de Pescara, bay on the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 21° 30" S.
Lago Maggiore, lake. Upper Italy, 30 miles long
and 7 or 8 broad, separating the government of
Milan and the states of Sardinia.
Lago JVegro, or Lago JVero, t. Naples, in the
Basilicata, at the foot of the Appennines, 12 m. E.
Policastro. Pop. 5,000.
Lagoon Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
139° 28' W. Lat. 18° 47' N.
Lagoon. There are three gulfs of this name on
the coast of Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras, be-
tween lat. 18° 40' and 17° 54' N.
Lagos, s-p. Portugal, 134 m. S. Lisbon. Lon.
8° 49' 3'' W. Lat. 37° 60' N. Pop. 4,000.
Lagos, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 m. N. E.
Guadalaxara. Lon. 101° 32" W. Lat 21°
27' N.
Lagos, r. and bay, W. Africa, forming the. E»
boundary of the Slave coast, Lon 3° 30' E, Lat.
6° 20' N.
Lago Salso, or Lago di Salpi, lake in the king-
dom of Naples, near the coast of the Capitanata,
12 m. S. Manfredonia.
Lago Santo, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state,
5 m. N, by W. Comachio.
Laguna, or St. Cristobal de la Laguna, the cap-
ital of Teneriffe, the principal of the Canara isl-
ands. It is beautifully situated on a basaltic hill,
elevated nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the
sea. Lon. 16° 20' W. Lat.-28° 28' N. Pop. 9,000.
Lahar, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78° 59' E. Lat.
26° 13' N.
Lahdack, cap. of a district of the same name, on
the N. boundary of Hind. Lon. 78° 10' E. Lat
35° N.
L A L
LAM
385
Lahijian, t. Ghilan, in Persia, 8 m. E. Reshd.
Lahmediah, v. Lower Egypt, on the E. branch of
the Nile, 14 m. S. S. W. Damietta.
Lahn, or Lehri, t. Silesia, on the Bober. Pop.
900.
Lahn, r. Germany, which passing by Marburg,
Giessen, Wetzlar, and Nassau, joins the Rhine
near Upper Lahnstein.
Lalinberg, L Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the^Lahn, 2 m. N. Weilburg.
Ldinstein, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine, 4 m. E. Coblentz. Pop. 1,200.
Laholm, or Lageholm, s-p, Sweden, 30 m. N.
Helsingborg. Lon. 13° 1' E. Lat. 56° 32' N. Pop.
850.
Lahore, province, Hind, between 30'' and 34°
N. lat. 320 miles long, by 220 broad. This prov-
ince, from its advantageous situation, and being
watered by numerous rivers, ought, under a good
government, to be the garden of India ; but being
possessed by a number of petty Seik and other
chiefs, it is one of the least populous and worst
cultivated districts.
Lahore, the capital of the above province, and
several times the capital of Hindostan, is on the S.
E. bank of the river Ravey, The great Moguls
expended considerable sums on palaces and gar-
dens, &c. Of this grandeur, little now remains.
Lon. 73° 48' E. Lat. 31° 50' N.
Lahory, t. Nepaul, on Sursutty river. Lon. 84°
55' E. Lat. 27° 42' N.
Xiff^ou, s-p. on the Ivory coast of Africa. Lon.
5° 5' W. Lat. 5° 20' N.
Lahr, t. Germany, in Baden. The inhabitants
carry on with spirit, manufactures of woollens,
linens, cottons, tobacco, and leather ; 18 m. S. S.
E. Strasburg, 23 N. Freyburg. Lon. 7° 57' E.
Lat. 48° 21' N. Pop. 4,400.
Laibeedy, v. Tunis, 18 m. S. E. El Jemme.
Laignes, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 9 m. W. S. W.
Chatillon-sur-Seine, Pop. 1,600.
Laish. See Dan,
Laistei; L Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on the river
Kama, 40 m. S. by E. Kasan. Lon. 49° 14' E.
Lat. 55° 20' N.
Lai-lcheou-fou, city, China, in Shangtung, on
the S. coast of the gulf of Pe-tche-Iee. Lon. 1 14°
'16' E. Lat. 37° 9' N.
Laithafalu, t. Hungary, 11 m. S. S. W. Pres-
burg.
Lake, t. I^ogan co, Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 555.
Lake, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 525.
Lake, t Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 555.
Lake Maskinonge, seigniory, St Maurice co.
Lower Canada, 36 m. N. W. Three-Rivers.
Lake of the Woods, lake, N. America, between
Lake Superior and Lake Winnipec. Lon. of the
N. W. end, 94° 31' W. Lat. 49° 37' N. It is about
ro miips long and 40 broad, and communicates
through Winnipec river with Lake Winnipec.
Lake Pleasant, t. Hamilton co. N. Y.
Lake River, N. America, which falls into the
Mississippi. Lon. 95° W. Lat, 46° 30' N.
Lake River, Little, r. N. America, which runs
into the Mississippi. Lon. 94° 23' W. Lat. 45°
VS' N.
Laken, v. Germany, near Brussels. There is a
splendid palace of the king of the Netherlands in
the neighbourhood. Pop. 1,200.
Laland, isl. Denmark, at the entrance of tlie
Baltic, near the coast of Zealand, 60 m. long, and
H broad. Extent, 460 square miles. Pop. 34,000.
49
It is the most fertile spot in Denmark, and produces
corn, pease, and all kinds ofgrain in abundance.
Lalang, isl. near the N. coast of Sumatra, in
the straits of Malacca. Lon. 99° 20' E. Lat. 1°
45' N.
Lalsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Vologda. It has a brisk
trade with Siberia, Moscow, and Archangel. Pop,
1,200. Lon. 47° 14' E. Lat. 60° 50' N.
Lamalmon, a lolty mountain of Abyssinia, on
the road from Massuah to Gondar.
Lamarche, r. Illinois, which runs into Illinois
river from the N. W.
La Martiniere, fief, Hertford co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 6 m. E. Que-
bec.
Lamate, i. Austrian Italy, 5 m. N. W. Milan.
Lamay, isl. in the Eastern seas, 3 or 4 leagues
from Formosa. Lat. 22° 22' N.
Lamb Head, cape on the S. E. coast of the island
of Stronsa, one of the Orkneys. Lon. 2° 25' W.
Lat. 58° 57' N.
Lamb's Head, cape, Ireland, in Kerry co. Lon.
10° I'W. Lat.51°42' N.
Lambach, t. Austria, on the Traun, 11 m. N. N.
E. Vocklabruck. Pop. 3,000.
Lambale, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 75 m.
S. E. Goumel.
Lamballe, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, on the
Conessan, 42 m. N. W. Rennes. Pop. 3,800.
Lnmbay, isl. in the Irish sea, near the W. coast
of Ireland. Lon. 6° W. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Lambayeque, t. Peru, 95 m. W. N. W. Truxillo,
Pop. 8,000.
Lambesc, t. France in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12
m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 3,650.
Lambese. See Tezzuute.
Lambtth, v. Eng. forming the W. extremity of
that portion of London which lies S. of the Thames,
and is now united to the town by a continued
range of buildings. The chief public building is
Lambeth palace, the residence of the archbishop
of Canterbury. It contains a library of about
25,000 volumes, besides upwards of 1,200 manu-
scripts. Lambeth contains numerous manufacto-
ries. Pop. 41,644.
Lambro, r. Italy, which falls into the Po below
Placentia.
Lambsheim, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, on
the Hart, 8 m. W. Manheim.
Lamego, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Balsamo,
a tributary of the Douro. It is a bishop's see. 46
m. E. Oporto. Pop. 6,600.
Lamesley, t. Eng. in Durham, 3 m. S. Gateshead
Pop. 2,054.
Lamine, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Lamington, parish, Scotland, in Lanarkshire.
Po|.. 365.
Lamisa, t. Asia, in Georgia, 60 m. W. Teflis.
Lamlash, an excellent harbour, Scotland, on the
S. E. side of the island of Arran. Lat. 55° 33' N.
Lamlem. See Me'li,
Jjamoil, r. Vt. which rises S. of Lake Memphra-
ma;;og, and running W. falls into Lake Champlain
in Colchester, 5 m. N. of the mouth of Onion river,
10 m. N. Burlington.
Lamona, or Arnona, r. Italy, which rises in the
Appennines, and flowing N. E. falls into the gulf
of Venice.
Lamo/te, lead mine, Missouri, a few miles N. of
St. Michael's.
Lampa, t. Peru, and cap. of a district of the same
name, 90 ro. S. Cuzco. Lon. 81° 44' W. Lat. 14°
55' S.
386
LAN
LAN
Lampedosa, uninhabited isl, in the Mediterrane-
an, 21 m. in circumference. It has an excellent
harbour. 130 m. S. Sicily, 70 W. S. W. Malta,
61 from the coast of Barbary, in Ion. 12° 24' E.
lat. 350 40' N.
Lampertheim, v. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
9 m. S. E. Worms.
Lampeter, t Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,501.
Lavipong, a district in the S. extremity of the
island of Sumatra. The Dutch claim the domin-
ion of the country. The bay of Lampong is wide
and deep, and affords good anchorage.
Lamprey, r. Rockinghan co. N. H. which falls
into Gi'eat bay, at Durham.
Lamsaki, t. A. Turkey, in Anatolia, celebrated
for its wine. Lon. 2G° 44' E. Lat. 40° 20' N.
Lamuza, t. Asia Minor, 24 m. W. Tarsus.
Lanarkshire, or Lanerkshire, sometimes called
Clydesdale, a county of Scotland, bounded N. and
N. W. by Renfrew, Dumbarton, and Stirling; N.
E. by Linlithgow and Edinburgh ; E. by Peebles-
shire ; S. by Dumfrics-shire ; and S. W. by Ayr-
thire. Extent, 870 square miles, or 556,800 acres.
Lanarkshire has long been celebrated for its min-
erals, particularly coal. It is calculated that the
coal stretches tlirough this county, in one solid
mass, over nearly 110 square miles, or 35,000
acres, and that its average thickness cannot be
less than five yards, and the quantity of coal pro-
duced annually amounts to about 760,000 tons.
There are about 18,000 bars of lead smelted annu-
ally, each weighing 9 stones. But this county is
chiefly distinguished by its rapid progress in com-
merce and manufactures, in which it is decidedly
pre-eminent over all the other counties of Scot-
laud. Among the manufactures are yarn, which
is spun in immense quantities, in different parts of
the county, the cotton and muslin manufactures,
the printing of calicoes, the dying of Turkey red,
and the preparation of various dyes. Glass and crys-
tal manufactures are also carried on to a great ex-
tent. There are three royal burghs, Lanark, the
city of Glasgow, and the town of llutherglen.
Pop. in 1811, 192,726.
Lanark, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
Lanarkshire, on a slope of rising ground, within
half a mile of the Clyde. Cotton, the great stapla
nf the county, is the chief manufacture. The
falls of the Clyde in the vicinity, have been visited
from all quai'ters by the lovers of the picturesque.
Pop. of the burgh about 3.000, the parish, 6,964.
55 m. S. E. Glasgow, 30 W. Edinburgh. Lon. 3°
b' W. Lat. 550 34' N.
Lanaxran, one of the smaller Sooloo islands, in
the E. Indian sea. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat. 6° 1.5' X.
Lancashire, a maritime co. Eng. on the N. W.
coast. It includes part of the great coal fields of
the north of England ; and with these natural ad-
vantages for trade and manufactures, it has grad-
ually risen to be one of the greatest manufacturing
counties in the kingdom, containmg Manchester,
the centre of the cotton manufiictures, and Liver-
pool, the emporium of the west. It is bounded W.
by the Irish sea, E. by Yorkshire, S. by Cheshire,
N. by Westmoreland and Cumberland. Extent,
1,800 square miles, or 12,000,000 acres, with 450
inhabitants to each mile. The manufactures are
chiefly those of cotton, in all its branches ; also of
silk, woollen, and linen, hats, stocking?, pins, nee-
dles, nails, watch tools and movements, tobacco
and snuff, earthen ware, porcelain, paper, &c.
IVJanchf.ster iS the principal seat of the cotton man-
ufacture. IVom thence it spreads on all sides ; to
the south and east into Cheshire and Yorkshira ;
but especially to the north and west, over the
greatest part of Lancashire, extending from Fur-
ness to Derby on the one hand, and from Liverpool
to Halifax on the other. The population ha« in-
creased with great rapidity. In 1700, rt was
166,200; in 1760, 297,400, in 1801, 695,100; and
in 1811, 828,309, of whom 23,305 families were
employed in agriculture, 1 14,522 in manufactures,
and 24,072 others.
Lancaster, t. Eng. and cap. of Lancashire, on
the Lune or Loyne. Of the public buildings, the
castle is the most important. It is now occupied
as a prison, and is one of the completest establish-
ments of this kind in the kingdom, and is capable of
containing 5,000 men within the walls. About a
mile N. E. of the town, is the great aqueduct
bridge, by which the Lancaster canal is carried
over the Lune. It is justly considered the most
magnificent structure of the kind in the kingdom.
By means of the canal its inland communications
are extensive, reaching into Westmoreland,
Yorkshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, &c. But its
communication with the sea is greatly obstructed
by shoals in the river Lune. The trade of Lancas-
ter is principally to America and the West Indies.
In ISOiO, the registered shipping consisted of 140
ships, 19,094 tons burden, and navigated by 1,926
men. The town has been long famous for its cab-
inet-making. Pop. in 181 1, 9,247. 54 m. N. W.
Manchester, 63 N. by E. Liverpool, 240 N. W.
London. Lon. 2° 47' W. Lat. 54° 3 N'.
Lancasfer, t. Glengary co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence.
Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Coos co. N. H. on Con-
necticut river, opposite Guildhall, Vt. with y/hich
it is connected by a bridge, 40 m. above Dart-
mouth college, 131 m. N. W. Portsmouth. The
village is on Israel's creek, about a mile irom the
river, and contains a court-house ^and jail, and a
church.
Lancaster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. on a branch
of Nashua river, 14 m. N. E. Worcester, 36 W.N.
W. Boston. Pop. 1 ,694. Here is a valuable quar-
ry of slate. Lancaster is a good agricultural town,
and has an extensive cotton factory.
Lancaster, co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susque-
hannah, bordering on Maryland. Pop. 53,927.
Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Lancaster co. Penn. is
pleasantly situated on the side of a hill, 1^ m. W
of Conestoga creek, which falls into Susquehan-
nah river, 9 m. S. W. of the town. Lancaster is
35 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg, 22 E. N. E. York, 62
W. Philadelphia. Lat. 40° 3' N. Lon. 76° 20' W.
It contains a court-house, market-house, jail, and
8 houses of public worship, for German Luthe-
rans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopa-
lians, Roman Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and
Methodists. Many of the inliabitants are of Ger-
man origin, and speak the German language.
There are 6 newspapers published in the town, 3
of which are in German. The surrounding coun-
try is fertile and highly cultivated. The town
contains numerous manufactories, and carries on
considerable trade. Franklin college was estab-
lished in this place in 1787, for the Germans, bat
the building is now occupied for schools. Pop. in
1810, 5,405.
Lancaster, co . Va. on the western shore of Ches-
apeake bay, bounded S. by the Rappahannock.
108 m. N. Norfolk. Pop. 5,592. Slaves, 3,112.
At the court-house is a post-office.
LAN
Lancoiler, district, S. C. Pop. 6,318. Slaves,
2,646. At tlie court-house is a post-office.
Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Garrard co. Ken. 29 m.
S. Lexington. Pop. 260.
Lancaster, p-t and cap. Fairfield co. Ohio, 28 m.
S. E. Columbus, 34 N. E. Chillicothe. Pop. in
1813, 700.
Lancaster Sound, on the W. side of Baffin's bay,
in lat. 74^' N. It is about 20 miles broad at its
mouth, widening as yoti proceed to the west. At
the distance of 80 miles from its mouth, it is 40 or
50 miles wide. In the summer of 1819, the expe-
dition under Lieut. Parry, succeeded in passing
through this sound, and as far as Lon. 110° 47' \V.
Lat. 74° 47' N.
Lancavy, or Lancaliuy, isl. in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 99° 40' E. Lat. 6'^ 19' N.
Lancayan, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N.
«oast of Borneo. Lon. 1 18° 9' E. Lat. 6° 25' N.
Lance Point, the S. point of Newfoundland, at
the S. W. extremity of St. Mary's baj'.
Lancebearers. Island of, small isl. in the Pacific.
Lon. 138° 10' W. Lat. 18° 28' S.
Lancerota, isl. one of the group of the Canaries,
30 miles long and 8 broad. Pop. 10.000.
Lanchesler, t. Eng. in Durham, 7 m. N. W. Dur-
ham. Pop. 834,
Lanciano, t. Naples, about 4 m. from the Adriat-
ic, in Abruzzo Citra, 85 m. E. N. E. Rome, 84 N.
Naples. Lon. 14° 20 E. Lat. 42° 12' N. Pop. 9,000.
Lancut, or Landshui, t. Austrian States, in Ga-
licia, 72 m. W. Lemberg.
Landa, t. Borneo, on the river Pontiana.
Landaff, or Llandaff, city, Wales, in Glamor-
ganshire, on the Taf. Though the seat of a bishop's
see, it is a mere village. The cathedral, however,
is still an object of great interest, and its venerable
ruins the study of the architect and antiquary. 2
m. N. W. Cardiff, 30 W. Bristol, 162 W. London.
Lon. 3° 13' W. Lat. 51° 29' N. Pop. 504.
Landaff, t. Grafton co. N. H. 9 m. E. Connecti-
cut river, 62 N. Concord. Pop. 650.
Landau, a strong town of the Bavarian circle of
the Rhine, in a beautiful valley, near the Queich.
It was retained by the French at the first treaty of
i'aris in 1814, but ceded the following year, and is
now garrisoned bv troops of the German confede-
ration. 56 m. N." N. E. Strasbui^, 347 N. E. Pa-
ris. Lon. 8° 7' E. Lat. 49° 12' N. Pop. 4,250.
Landau, t. Bavaria, on the Iser. Pop. 1,250.
Lon. 12° 37' E. Lat. 48° 36' N.
Landeck, t. Prussia, in Silesia, and the county of
(xlatz, on the Biela, 27 m. S. W. Neisse. Pop.
1,100.
Landclles, t. France, in Calvados, 28 m. S. VV.
Caen. Pop. 1,400.
Landtn, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 19
ji. S. E. Louvain.
Landernau, s-p. France, in Finisterre, 23 m.
N. E. Brest. Lon. 4° 19' W. Lat. 48° 25' N. Pop.
4,000.
Landeron, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. E. Neufcha-
tel.
Landes, department in the S. W. of France,
Viounded W. by the Atlantic, and on its other sides
Vy the departments of the Girond, the Lot-and-
<)raronne,' the Gers, and the Lower Pyrenees.
Extent, 3,700 square miles. Pop. 240,000. It is
cne of the most barren departments of the king-
com, nearly three-fourths of it consisting of heaths.
Landes, small isl. on the N, W. mast of France,
]=:. of St. Maloes.
LAN
381
Landgrave, t. Bennington co. Vt. 33 m. N. E,
Bennington. Pop. 299.
Landguard, or Point aux Pins, promontory,
Up. Canada, in Lake Erie, 20 m. E. S. E. Foreland.
Lon. 81° 25' W. Lat. 42° 7' N.
Landisburg, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Landi-viziau, t. France, in Finisterre, 10 m. N,
N. W. Morlaix. Pop. 2, 100.
Landivy, t. France, in Mayenne, 23 m. N. W.
Mayenne. Pop. 1,900.
Landrecy, t. France, dep. of the North, on the
Sarabre. It is one of the barrier fortresses which
was occupied by the allied troops, after the second
peace of Paris. Pop. 2,900. 30 m. S. E. Douay.
Lon. 3° 42' E. Lat. 50° 22' N.
Landroal, O, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. S.
Villa Vicosa.
Landsberg, t. E. Prussia. Pop. 1,300. Lou.
20° 30' E. Lat. 54° 14' N.
Landsberg, t. Bavaria, on the Lech, 32 m. W.
by N. Munich. Lon. 10° 51' E. Lat. 48° N. Pop.
2,600.
Landsberg, (on the Wartha,) t. Prussia, m
Brandenburg, 24 m. E. N. E. Custrin, 74 E. Ber-
lin. Lon. 15° 20' E. Lat. 52° 48' N. Pop. 7,000.
Landsberg, Old, t. Prussia, in Biaudenburg, 14
m. E. N, E. Berlin. Lon. 13° 48' E. Lat. 52° 33'
N. Pop. 1,300.
Landscron, t. Bohemia. Lon. 16° 21' E. Lat.
49°50'N. Pop. 2,700.
Landscrona, s-p. Sweden, in Schonen, with a
citadel and a safe harbour. 14 m. S. Helsing-
borg. Lon. 12° 46' E. Lat. 55° 52' N. Pop-
3,800.
Landsee, t. Hungary, in Oedenburg. Lon. 18^
17' 45'' E. Lat. 48° 12' 8" N.
Landsele, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the N. coast of the Greater Andaman. Lon. 93''
7'E. Lat.l3°38'N.
Land's-End, in Cornwall, the W. extremity of
England. It is 6 or 7 leagues W. N. W. of the
Lizzard Point, 290^ m. from London. Lon. 5°
45' W. Lat. 50° 6' N.
Landsford, p-v. Chester district, S. C.
Landshut, t. Bavaria, on the Iser. The uni-
versity of Ingoldstadt was removed to Landshut ia
the year 18(J0 ; and having been re-organised, and
richly endowed by the present king, received the
name of the " university of Louis Maximilian."
There are 34 ordinary professors, 4 extraordinary,
and about 600 students. The revenue of the uni-
versity is derived, in a great measure, from the
funds of the suppressed monasteries ; it averages
about d,(M)l. sterling a-year. 32m. N. E. Munich,
36 S. E. Ingolstadt. Lon. 12° 6' E. Lat. 48° 30'
N. Pop. 9,000.
Laivdshnt, t. Pussia, in Sile?ia, on the Bober,
20 m. W. S. VV, Schweidnitz. Lon. 15° 55' E.
Lat. 50° 30' N. Pop. 3,000.
Landshut, t. Moravia, on the Theya, 40 m. S. S.
E. Brunn. Pop, 1,500:
Lane, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which runs from
Lough Lane into Castlemain bay.
Lanebourg, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 20 m.
N. N. W, Susa. Pop. 600.
Lane-End, t. Eng. in Stafford, 4 m. E. by S,
Newcastle-under-Lyne, Pop. 4,930.
Lanepax, t. France, in Gers, 11 m. S. S. W.
Condom. Pop. 1,200.
Lanesborough, t. Ireland, in Longford, on the
Shannon, 62 m. W. N. W. Dublin. J. on. 7° 55'
\V. Lat. 53° 38' N.
388
LAN
Lancsborough, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. S m-
from Pittsfield, 14 N. Lenox. Here are valuable
marble quarries. Pop. 1,303.
Langara, Me de, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about
5 m. N. of Queen Charlotte's island. Lou. 226°
59' E. Lat. 54° 20^ N.
Langarron, t Eng. in Hereford, 5 m. from Ross.
Pop. 796.
Langatt, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 17 m. S.
St. Brieux. Pop. 1,250.
Langdon, r. Eng. in Durham, which falls into
the Tees below Teesdale forest.
Langdon, t. Cheshire co. iV. H. on Connecticut
river, 40 m. W. Concord.
Langeac, t. France, in Upper Loire, on the Al-
lier, 12 m. S. Brioude. Pop. 1,800.
Langeais, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on the
Loire, 12 m. VV. Tours. Pop. 2,2;>0.
Langeland, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, lying
between Zealand, Lalaud, and Funen. Rudki-
oping is the capital Lon. 10° 50' E. Lat. 55° N.
Pop. 11,200.
Langelsheim, t. Germany, in the duchy of
Brunswick, 6 m. N. W. Goslar. Pop. 1 ,300.
Langen, t. Germany, 6 m. N. Darmstadt. Pop.
1,500.
Langenau, Upper and Lower, 2 villages, Prus-
sia, in Silesia, 11 m. S. Glatz. Pop. 1,200.
Langenau, t. Germany, in Wiriemberg, 10 m.
N. N. E Ulm. Pop. 3,600.
Langenberg,\. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 15 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,600.
Langenbrueken, t. Baden, 4 m. N. E. Bruchsal.
Pop. 1,100.
Langenburg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m.
W. Anspach. Pop. 900.
Langendorf, v. Hanover, on the Elbe, 42 m.
E. S. E. Luneberg.
Langenfeld, t. Flower Austria, 4 m. N. W.
Crems. Pop. 1,2(X).
Langenhorn, v. Denmark, in Sleswick, 12 m.
from Husum.
Langen-kandel, t. Bavarian circle of the Pihine,
9 m. S. S. E. Landau. Pop. 2,400.
Langenlois, t. Lower Austria, 4 m. N. Crems.
Pop. 2,000.
Langensaha, t. Prussian Saxony, the chief place
ofThuringia, on the Salza, which river falls into
the Unstrut a little below. 14 m. W. Erfurt.
Lon. 10° 38' E. Lat. 51° 7 N. Pop. 5,400.
Langenthal, t. Swiss canton of Berne, 18 m. N.E.
Berne.' Lon. 7° 33' E. Lat. 47° 12' N. Pop. 1,800.
Langenzenn, t. Bavaria, on the river Zenn, 17
m. N. N. E. Anspach. Pop. 900.
Lanser^aar, v. Netherlands, 8 m. E. Leyden.
Pop. IJOOO.
Langer-oog, isl. subject to Hanover, on the N.
W, coast of Germany. Lon. 7° 35' 41" E. Lat. 53°
44' 59" N.
Langesund, s-p. Norway, 50 m. S. S. W.
Christiania.
Lansfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Halifax,
Pop. 1V5I5.
Langfurt, t. W. Prussia, on the Radaune, 2 m.
from Dantzic. Pop. 1,250.
Langholm, t. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, on the
Esk. Pop. 1,800.
Langhorn's tavern, p-v, Cumberland co. Va.
LangWs Bay, bay, on the W. coast of Segha-
lien. Lat. 47° 49' N.
LangWs Peak, mt. on the N. coast of the island
of JftSKo, 7,000 feet above the level of the sea. Lon.
t42O20'E.Lat.45°26'N.
LAN
Langoe, isl. in the North sea, 46 m. from the
coast of Norway. Lat. 68° 16' N.
Langognc, t. France, in Lozere, 21 m. N. Ec
Mende. Pop. 2,300.
Langon, t. France, in Gironde, on the Ga-
ronne, 9 m. N. Bazas. Pop. 3,200. •
Langport, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, on the river
Parret, near its junction with the Ivel, which is
navigable to the Bristol channel. 15 m. E. by N.
Taunton, 130 W. by S. London. Lon. 2° 49' W.
Lat. 51° 2' N. Pop. 86 L
Langres, t. France, in Upper Marne, 40 m. N.
E. Dijon. Pop. 8,600.
Languedoc, before the revolution, a province
in the S. of France, extending on the E. to the
Rhone, and on the W. to the Garonne. At the
revolution it was divided into the departments of
Gard, Herault, Ardeche, Lozere, Tarn, Upper
Garonne, and Aude. Extent, 16,000 square miles.
Pop. about 2,000,000. Vines, olives, and mulber-
ries are here produced in profusion. The great
articles of export are wine and brandy. The cel-
ebrated canal of Languedoc, which was dug in
the reign of Louis XIV. commences near Cette,
and extends from E. to W. nearly 140 miles, until
it reaches the navigable part of the Garonne near
Toulouse, thus effecting a communication by wa-
ter from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. There
are 71 bridges over the canal, 58 aqueducts, and
103 sluices. The most remarkable tunnel in its
whole course is at the hill of Malpas. It is 600 feet
long and 20 broad.
Langueglia, t, Italy, 45 m. S. W. Genoa.
Lanier, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Lanjang, or Lantchang, city, Asia, and cap. of
Laos, on the river Mecon. Lon. 101° 38' E. Lat.
18° 30' N.
Lankayt, small isl, near the W. coast ofCelebes.
Lon. 119° 12° E. Lat. 4° 57' S.
Lanmeur, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Morlaix. Pop.
2,400.
Lannion, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 39 m.
W. N. VV. St. Brieux. Lon. 3° 27' W. Lat. 48°
44' N. Pop. 3,700.
Lannoy, t. France, dep. of the North, 8 m. E. N.
E. Lille. Pop. 950.
La Xoraye, seigniory, Warwick co. Lower
Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 37 m. N. E. Mon-
treal.
Lansargii^, t. France, in Herault, 9 m. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 1,050.
Lan.iduivn, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada, on the St.
Lawrence.
Lanserd, v. Mazanderan, in Persia, on the Cas-
pian, 10 m. W. Fehrabad.
Lansing, t. Tompkins co. N. Y.
Lansinburg, p-t. Rensselaer co. N, Y. on the
Hudson, 3 m. above Troy, 9 above Albany. Pop.
1,658. A bridge across the Hudson connects
Lansingburg with Waterford. The village is
handsomely laid out on a plain, and contains a
bank, an academy, and 4 churches. Sloops some-
times ascend the river to this place, and it has con-
siderable trade.
Lanta, or Lenta, t. France, in Upper Garonne,
9 m. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,450.
Lantaghur, t. Hind, in Lamjungh. Lon. 84"
19' E. Lat. 29° 5" N.
Lantoir, the chief among the Banda island?.
See Banda.
Lantosca, t. Piedmont, 14 m. N. Nice. Pop.
1,800.
LAP
Lan-tsan. See Mecon.
Lanrollon, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 8 m.
S. E. Pontrieux. Pop. 900.
Lanzo, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, 11 m. N. W.
Turin. Pop. 2,100.
Lao, t. Cuba, 25 m. W. Havannah.
Laodicea, in Sac. Geog. city of Fhrygia, in
Asia Minor, on the river Lycus, near Colosse.
From this city Paul wrote the first epistle to Tim-
othy. See Latakia.
LaoTiy t. France, cap. of Aisne, near the Ardon,
20 m. N. E. Soissons, 77 N. E. Paris. Lon. 3° 37'
E. Lat. 49° 33' N. Pop. 6,691.
Laosy a kingdom of India beyond the Ganges,
extending from 12° to 18° N. lat. and having Tun-
qnin and Cochin-China on the E. Cambodia on
the S. Siam on the W. and Tunquin on the N.
There are few countries of Asia respecting which
we possess less accurate knowledge. The inhabi-
tants are nominally subject to Cochin-China-
Laour, t. Bengal, in Silhet. Lon. 84° 19' E.
Lat. 23° 8' N.
Lapa, small isl. one of the Sooloo archipelago.
Lapata. See Lupala.
La petite J^aHon, seigniory, York co. Lower
Canada, on the Ottawa, 65 m. W. Montreal.
La petite Riviere, parish, in Cote de Beaupre
seigniory. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence,
34 m. N. E. Quebec.
Laphaoy Portuguese settlement on the W. side
of Timor. Lon. 124° 48' 36" E. Lat 9° 22'
45" S.
Lapland, the most northern country in Europe,
bounded N. by the Arctic ocean, E. by the White
sea, S. by Sweden, and W. by Norway and the At-
lantic. Extent, about 150,000 sq. miles. Pop.
60,000. Lapland is divided into three parts, call-
ed Russian, Swedish, and Norwegian. Russian
Lapland, the most dreary of the whole, includes
all east of the Tornea, under the appellation of
Circle of Kola, with a population of about 20,000.
Swedish Lapland is subdivided into 6 provinces,
called Torneo-Lapmark, Lulea-Lapmark, Pithea-
Lapmark, Umea-Lapmark, Jamtland-Lapmark,
and Asele-Lupmark ; but by the recent division of
the Swedish territory, the whole belongs to the
government of Umea. The extent is about
53,000 sq. miles. Pop. about 13,000. Norwe-
gian Lapland, or Finnmark, now belongs also to
Sweden. It is the most northerly of all, and may
be styled Lapland beyond the mountains. It has
an extent of 27,000 sq. miles. Pop. about 20,000,
or one to a square mile. — The part of Lapland
lying along the N. shore of the gulf of Bothnia,
consists of an extensive plain, abounding in im-
mense forests of spruce and Scots fir; but at the
distance of 80 miles the ground becomes gradually
elevated, and is at last full of lofty mountains. —
Very few vegetables are cultivated in tliis inhos-
pitable region. The little grain consumed, is im-
ported from southern countries. The rein-deer
is the most valuable gift that nature has bestowed
on the poor Laplander. It serves as the principal
beast of burden; its milk is highly valued; its
flesh supplies the chief nourishment of the inhab-
itants during part of the year ; its sinews are
made into threail ; and its skin furnishes a great
part of their dress. — The Laplanders were con-
verted to Christianity in the 17th century. Those
of the Russian province are professetUy of the
Greek church, while those subject to Sweden are
Lutherans.
L A R
389
LaprairiP^ seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the
mouth of the Sorel, opposite Montreal. The
village of Laprairie, or La Nativite, contains
about 100 houses, and is very flourishing, being
situated on the main road from Montreal into the
United States.
Lapta, V. on the N. coast of Cyprus, near the
site of the ancient Lapithos, 6 m. E. Cerina.
Lar, the capital of Laristan, in Persia, once a
magnificent city, but now in ruins. Pop. 12,000.
Lon. 42° 35' E. Lat. 27^^ 30' N.
Lara, or Larad, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m.
S. S. E. Burgos.
Larache. See Araiclie, El.
Larana, v. Tripoli, 30 m. S. E. Mesurata.
Larbert, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m. W.
N. W. Falkirk.
Larchamps, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m. W.
Mayenne. Pop. 2,000.
Larecaja, province, Buenos Ayres, N. of La
Paz.
Laredo, s-p. Spain, in Biscay, 20 m. E. San-
tander. Lon. 3° 21' W. Lat 43° 25' N. Pop.
1,800.
Larek, small isl. in the Persian gulf, 10 m. S.
S. E. Ormus.
Larenda, ancient city of Asia Minor, 3 m. S. E.
Karaman.
Larg, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 100° 3' E. Lat. 3° 30' S.
Larga, small isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon.
76° 6' W. Lat. 10° 1' N.
Larga, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon,
82° 25' W. Lat. 24° 36' N.
Larga, Punta, or Punla de Asies, cape on the
W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 5' W. Lat. 25®
45' N.
Largo, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the Keil, at
its influx into the sea. It has a harbor, with a
stone quay, which may be approached by vessels
of 100 tons. 6 m. S. Cupar.
Largs, V. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 8i m. W. In-
nerkip. Pop. 500.
Laricaxas. See Larecaja.
Larissa, t. Eu. Turkey, cap. of Thessaly, in a
beautiful situation on the right bank of the Sa-
lerabria. It is the residence of a Greek arch-
bishop. 75 m. S. by W. Salonica. Lon. 22° 47'
E. Lat. 39° 48' N. Pop. 20,000.
Laristan, province, in the S. of Persia, extend-
ing along the N. coast of the gulf. It is the poor-
est and least productive province of the empire.
The coast is in the possession of different Arab
tribes.
Larita, s-p. France, in Mouths-of-tlie-Rhone,
45 m. E. S. E. Toulon.
LarWs Point, cape, Lower Canada, in the riv-
er St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Saguenay river.
Larkhall, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 4 m. S.
E. Hamilton.
Larme, Cape de, promontory, Nanles, on the S.
coast of Calabria. Lon. 16° 2' E. Lat 37° 53' N.
Lame, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim, on the Larne
Lough, 97 m. N. by E. Dublin. Lon. 5° 43' W.
Lat. 54° 51' N.
Larnica, t. Cyprus, the second on the island,
and the emporium of its commerce, the bay on
which'it is situated forming the best roadstead in
Cyprus. Lon. 33° 45' E. Lat. 34° 56' N. Pop.
5,000.
Lamtuka, or Larrentuka, s-p. Ende, one of the
Molucca islands. Lon. 122° 57' E. Lat, 8® 15' S.
390
L A T
Laros, v. Turkish Armenia, on the coast of the
Black sea, 18 m. S, W. Gonieh.
Laruns, t. France, in Lower Pyi'enees, 18 m.
S. Pau. Pop. 1,650.
Larwigen, or Lavruig, s-p. Norway, on the riv-
ers Laven and Farris. The harbor is fortified,
and is a station for ships of the royal navy. Pop.
1,900. 74 m. S.S.W. Christiana. Lon.90 36'E.
Lat. 59° 3' N.
Lary Bunder, port, Hind, in Sinde, 20 m, up
the river Pitty. Lon. 6T 35' E. Lat. 2A° 40' N.
La Salle, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, 12 m. S, Montreal.
U Assumption, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower
Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m.
N. Montreal. It contains about 700 houses.
Lashom Jamnas, v. Lower Egypt, on the Medi-
terranean, 12 m. N. W. Damietta.
Lask, or Lasko, t. Poland, 17 m. E. Siradia, on
the Niewolka. Pop. 2,000.
Laskestad, small place in the island of Stegen,
on the coast of Norway. Lat. 67° 58' N.
Lasnon, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
near Aix. Pop. 2,500.
Lassa, the capital of Thibet, and the residence
of the Dalai Lama, or great head of the Shaman
religion, which is widely diffused over the greater
part of Asia. In China and Japan it exists under
the title of the religion of Fo ; but the authority
of the Lama is not there recognized. Lassa is
usually crowded with royal and noble personages
from all parts of Asia, who come to present their
homage, and to offer splendid presents to this
earthly divinity. Lon. 91° 25' E. Lat. 29° 30' N.
Lassahn, t. Prussia, in Poraerania, 38 m. S. S.
E. Stralsund. Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat. 53° 68' N.
Pop. 1,250.
Lasselsville, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y.
Lassam, v. on the N. coast of the island of Java,
419 m. E. Batavia.
Lassay, t. France, in Mayenne, 11 m. N. W.
Vilaine. Pop. 3,000.
Lasseure, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6 m.
E. Olcron. Pop. 2,900.
Lastres, Cape, on the N. coast of Spiain, in As-
turias, Lon. 5° 16' 5" W. Lat. 43° 34' 15" N,
Lasuen^ Point, cape, on the coast of New Al-
bion, in the Pacific. Lon. 242° 15' E. Lat. 33°
40' N.
Laswade, v. Scotland, 5i m. S. Edinburgh.
Lataamga, i. Peru. In 1698, the whole town
was destroyed by an earthquake. Pop. fr. 10,000
i«2,0<;»0. Lon. 78° 16' W. Lat. 0° 55' 14'' S.
jLalakia, or Ladik, the ancient Laodicea, s-p.
Syria, in the pachalic of Tripoli. Pop. a few
years since, 10,000, but now estimated at only
4,000. Latakia has supplanted Scanderoon as the
port of Aleppo. Lon. 35^ 50' E. Lat. 35° 36' N.
La lessarie, fief, Hampshire co. Lower Canada,
on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 40 m. W.
Quebec.
Latham, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E.
Ormskirk. Pop. 2,514.
Lalimers, hamlet, Eng. in Buckingham, 3 m. S.
E. Chesara.
Latimore, t, Adams co. Pa. Pop. 666.
Latisana, t. Austrian Italy, in the Venetian
territory, 13 m. W. S. W. Palmala Nuova. Pop.
4,000.
Latoan, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
N. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117° 21' E. Lat. 7°
16' N.
L A U
Laiouche, Point, point of land in Bchriiig'sbay
Lon. 226° 44^' E. Lat. 59° 51' N.
Lutoivice, t. Poland, 37 m. E. S. E. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,000.
Latronico, t. Naple?, in Basilicata, 22 m. S. W.
Tursi. Pop. 3,000.
Latla Isles, small islands in the Eastern seas, on
the W. coast of Gilolo. Lat.0° 3' N. Lon. 127° E.
Lattai, or Bickert07i's Island, isl. in the Pacific.
Lon. 174° 48' W. Lat. 18° 47' 20'' S.
Lattakoo. See Letakoo.
Lattalatta, isl. in the Eastern seas, adjacent to
Gilolo. Lon. 126° 50' E. Lat. 0° 20' S.
Latty Afghany, district, Hind, between the
provinces of Ajmeerand Moultan.
Latyczew, t. Eu. Russia, in Podolia, on the Bog,
eOm.N. W. Braclaw.
Laval, t. France, cap, of Mayenne, on the river
Mayenne. The linen manufacture and bleaching
are carried on here to great extent. Pop. 15,200.
15 m. S. Mayenne, 40 W. Le Mans. Lon. 0° 46'
W. Lat. 48° 4' N.
Lavaltrie, seigniory, Warwick co. Lower Can-
ada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. N. E. Montreal.
Lavamunde, t. Austrian lUyria, on the Drave,
39 m. E. Clagenfurt. Lon. 14° 42' E. Lat. 46°
43' N.
Lavant, r. Eng. in Sussex, which falls into the
sea, 5 m. below Chichester.
Lavant, r. Austrian Illyria, which runs into the
Drave at Lavamunde.
Lavardac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m.
N. Nerac. Pop. 1,000.
Lavaur, t. France, in Tarn, 22 m. N. E. Tou-
louse. Lon. l-^ 49' E. Lat. 43° 40' N. Pop. 6,200.
Laubach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 50
m. N. E. Mentz. Pop, 1,400.
Lauban, or Luban, t. Prussian states, 62 m. N.
Dresden, 72 N. N. E. Prague. Lon. 14° 25' E.
Lat. 51° 7' N. Pop. 5,000.
Laubegast, v. Saxony, on tbe Elbe, 4 m. S.
Dresden.
Laucha, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut.
Pop. 1,100.
Lauchart, r. Germany, which runs into the
Danube, 1 m. below Sigmaringen,
Laucheim, t, Wirtemberg, 11 m. W. Nordlin-
gen. Pop. 950.
Lauchsladt, t. Prussian Saxonj', 4 m. W. Merse
berg. Lon. 12° 1' E. Lat. 51° 26' N. Pop. 800.
Lauda, t. Baden, on the Tauber, 18 m. S. W.
Wurzburg. Pop. 1,150.
Laudenbach, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m, S. Wurz-
burg. Pop. 900.
Laudenbach. v. Baden, 12 m. N. E. Manheim.
Pop. 1,250.
Lauder, royal burgh, Scotland, on the Lauder,
16 ra. N. by W. Kelso, 25 S. by E. Edinburgh.
Lon. 2° 48' W. Lat. 55° 45' N.
Lauder, or Leader, r. Scotland, in Berwick-
shire, which falls into the Tweed near Melrose.
Lauderdale, co. Alabama, on the N. side of
Tennessee river. Chief town, Florence.
Lavello, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 90 m. E. by N.
Naples. Pop. 2,200.
Laven, small isl. near the E. coast of Lucon.
Lon. 124° 6'E. Lat. 14° 12' N.
Lauenburg, a duchy in the north of Germany,
on the right bank of the Elbe, adjacent to Ham-
burgh, and included since 1815, in the dominions
of Denmark. Extent, 425 sq. miles. Pop. 35,000.
The religion is the Lutheran.
LAV
L A U
391
Lauenburg, cap. of the above mentioned duchy,
is on the Elbe, 35 m. E. S. E. Hamburgh. Lon.
10° 22' E. Lat. 53° 21' N. Pop. 2,200.
Lauenburg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, on the
Leba, 85 m. E. Colberg. Lon. 17° 47' 45" E. Lat.
53° 21' 5" N. Pop. 1,600.
Lavenham, or Lanham, t. Eng. in Suffolk co.
61 m. N. E. London. Pop. 1,776.
Lauenstein, t. Hanover, on the Saale, 9 m. E.
Hameln. Pop. 800.
Lavenza, t. States of Modena, on the Tuscan
sea, 2 m. S. W. Carrara.
Laverdy, Point, the N. point of Bougainville's
island, in the Pacilic. Lon. 155° 43' 34^ E. Lat.
704' 60" S.
Lauf, t. Bavaria, on the Pegnitz, 30 ra. S. E.
Bamberg. Pop. 1,450.
Laufen, t. Bavaria, on the Inn, 63 m. E. by S.
Munich. Pop. 2,500.
Laufen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar. It has
a bridge over the river, which is considered the
finest and largest in Wirtemberg. Pop. 3,500. 4
m. S. Heilborn. Lon. 9° 18' E. Lat. 49° 5' N.
Laufen, t. Austria, near the Traun, 13 m. SC
Gemunden.
Laiiffen, t. Austria, in the duchy of Salzburg,
on the Salza, 12 m. N. N. W. Salzburg. Lon. 12^^
52' E. Lat. 47° 54' N. Pop. 4,700.
Lauffen, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, on the
Rhine. Pop. 1,400. Here is a celebrated fall in
the Rhine, 2 m. S. S. W. Schaffhausen.
Lauffen, t. Swiss canton of Bern, 11 m. E. N.
E. Delemont. Pop. 750.
Lauffenburg, t. in the S. W. extremity of Ger-
many, on both sides of the Rhine. Here is a fall
in the Rhine. Pop. 1,000. 26 cti. W. Schaff-
hausen.
Laufnits, r. Austrian states, which falls into the
Raab near St. Gothard.
Laugeac, t. France, in Upper-Loire, on the Al-
Her, 14 m. S. Brioude. Pop. 2,000.
Laugharne, s-p. Wales, in Caermarthenshire,
on the estuary of the Taff and Corwen, 13 ra. S.
W, Caermarthen, 230 W. London. Lon. 4° 27'
W. Lat. 51° 46' N. Pop. 1,561.
Laugldington, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Laughton en le Montken, t. Eng. in Yorkshire,
8 m. N. W. Worksop. Pop. 614.
Laviano, v. Naples, in Principato Citra, 27 m.
E. Salerno. Pop. 1,700.
Lauingen, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 22 m. N.
E.Ulm. Pop. 3,600.
Lavinia, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
/America. Lat. 58° 14' N.
Lavis, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, at the
oonflux of the Avis and the Adige, 8 m. N. Trent.
Launceston, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Attery,
ubout 3 m. from its junction with the Tamar, 12
na. N. W. Tavistock, 213 W.by S. London. Lon.
4° 20' W. Lat. 50° 38' N. Pop. 1,758.
Lazmiowitz, t. Bohemia, 38 m. S. S. E. Prague.
Launy, or Launa, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 9
m. E. N. E. Saatz. Lon. 13° 54' E. Lat. 50° 26'
:S. Pop. 1,850.
Lavoro, Terra di, a large and populous province
in the N. W. part of the kingdom of Naples, bor-
dered by the Tuscan sea on the S. W. and the
Carapagna di Roma on the N. W. Extent, about
i,720 sq. miles. Ilie soil is rich and fertile, and
j^ppears throughout to be of a volcanic nature.
The productions are corn, wine, oil, mulberries ;
i.lso hemp, Jlax, and fruit of various kinds. Ca-
pua is the capital, and Gaeta the principal sea-
port. Pop. 520,000.
Laupen, t. Switz. 5 m. S. W. Bern.
Laupheim, t. Wirtemberg, 13 m. S. W. Ulia.
Pop. 2,400.
Lauradio, t. Portugal, on the S. side of the Ta-
gus, 6 m. S. S. E. Lisbon.
Laurana, or Lovrana, t. Austrian states, in h-
tria, on the bay of Flanati, 8 m. S. Castua. Lon.
14° 17' E. Lat. 45° 28' N.
Laure, i. France, in Aude, near Carcassonne.
Pop. 1,000.
Laurel, p-t. Sussex Co. Del. on Broad creek, a
branch of the Nanticoke.
Laurel Hill, p-v. Richmond co. N. C.
Laurel Mountains, a range of mountains W. of
the main Alleghany range. It extends from Penn-
sylvania across Virginia to Kentucky ; then, un-
der the name of Cumberland mountains, divides
Virginia from Kentucky, and crosses Tennessee,
terminating near its S. border. The Kenhawa
river breaks through this ridge in lon. 81° 19' W.
kit. 38° 30' N.
Laurencekirk, v. Scotland, in Kincardineshire,
8 m. N. W. Montrose. Pop. 1,000.
Laurens, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. S. W. Coop-
erstown,78 W. Albany. Pop. 1,512.
Laurens, district, S. C. between Enoree and Sa-
luda rivers. Pop. 14,982. Slaves, 3,308.
Laurens, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 2,210.
Slaves, 485. Chief town, Dublin.
Laurent de Cerdans, t. France, in Eastern Py-
renees, near Bellegarde. Pop. 1,150.
Laurentius, v. Greece, in Magnesia, 3 m. £.
Drakia.
Lauricocha, Tunguragua, or False Maranon, r.
S. America, which rises in the Andes, in lat 11°
S. and falls into the Amazon, in lat. 4° 55' S. From
its source to its junction with the Amazon is about
1,000 miles.
Lauriere, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 21 m. N.
E. Limoges. Pop. 1,200.
Laurieston, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 1^ m.
E. Stirling. Pop. 860.
Laurino, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 9 m. W.
N. W. Policastro. Pop. 2,100.
Laurinton, p-v. Marlborough co. S. C.
Lausanne, the capital of the Swiss canton of
the Pays de Vaud, is delightfully situated on three
eminences, a mile N. of the lake of Geneva. It
has had since 1536, an academy, which has reck-
oned several distinguished scholars. In 1808, an
improved form was given to this institution, the
number of professors being carried to 12. The
chief branches of education are classics and di-
vinity ; there is also a professorship of law, one oi'
natural philosophy, and one of moral philosophy.
Lausanne has long been the resort of strangers, who
are attracted hither by the delightful situation, by
the institutions for education, and by the polished
character of the society. 41 m. S. W. Bern. Lon.
6° 45' 30" E. Lat. 46° 31' N. Pop. 9,960.
Lausanne, t. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lehigh .
Pop. 157.
Lausig, t. Saxony, 20 m. S. E. Leipsic. Lon.
12° 36' E. Lat. 51° 7' N. Pop. 1,300.
Lauson's store, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
Laussnitz, t. Saxony, 13 m. N. Dresden.
Lautenburg, t. W. Prussia, 4 m. E. Culm. Pop.
1,000.
Lautenlhal, t. Hanover, 8 m. W. Goslar. Pop.
2,150.
Lauter, v. which rises in the Vosges mountains.
392
LAX
and forms the boundary between France and Ger-
many, on the W. of the Rhine, into which it falls
at Lauterburg.
Lauter, r. Wirtemberg;, which falls into the
Neckar, 6 m. above Esslingen.
Lauterbach, t. Bohemia, 75 m. W. Prague. Lon.
12° 45' E. Lat. 50° 2' N. Pop. 800.
Lauterbach, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 13 m. N. W.
Fulda. Pop. 2,850.
Laulerbrunnen, v. Swiss canton of Bern, 6 m.
3. Intcrlacken.
Lauterburg, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 14 m.
S. Landau. Lon. 8° 14' E. Lat. 49° N. Pop.
2,000.
Lautereck, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
at the confluence of the Lauter and the Glan, 46
m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 35' E. Lat. 49° 39' N.
Pop. 700.
Lautershausen, t. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl, 9 m.
W.Anspach. Pop. 900.
Lautrec, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. N. W.
Castres. Pop. 3,250.
Lauza, v. Brazil, 50 m. N. W. Rio Janeiro.
Pop. 2,000.
Lauzerte, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 17
m. N. W. Montauban.
Lauzon, seigniory, Dorchester co. Lower Can-
ada, on the river St. Lawrence, at tlie confluence
of the Chaudiere, 2 m. S. Quebec.
Lausun,t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 17 m.
>f.E.Marmande. Lon.0°32'E. Lat. 44° 38' N.
Pop. 1,100.
Lauahannock, r. Fa. which joins the E. branch
of the Susquehannah at Pittstown, 12 m. above
Wilkesbarre.
Lau-ansari, small isl. in the gulf of Finland, 60
m. W. Cronstadt.
Laurence, co. Alabama, on the S. side of Ten-
nessee river. Chief town, Marathon.
Lawrence, co. Mississippi, on Pearl river. Pop.
in 1816, 1,784. Slaves, 417. Chief town, Mon-
ticello.
Laurence, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Chief town,
Burlington.
Lawrence, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 505.
Lawrence, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Lawrence, co. Indiana- At the court-house is a
post-office.
Lawrence, co. Arkansaw Territory, on White
river. It is often called ' the White river cou'
try.'
Lawrence, t and cap. Lawrence co. Arkansaw
Territory, on the N. side of Big black river, 50 m.
above its confluence with White river.
Laurenceburg, p-t. Butler co. Pa.
Lawrenceburg, p-t. and cap. Dearborn co. Indi-
ana, on the Ohio, 2 m. below the mouth of the Mi-
ami river, 28 from Cincinnati.
Lawrence'' s, p-v. Southampton oo. Va-
Lawrence's hotel, p-v. Franklin co. Ken.
Lawrenceville, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 2 or 3 m. fr.
Pittsburg.
Lawrenceville, p-v. Nansemond co. Va.
Laivrencevillc, t. Madison co. Ohio,
Lawrence, St. See 67. Laurence.
Lawsville, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. N. of Mon-
trose. Pop. 169.
Laidon, Church, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 32 m. E.
S. E. Chester. Pop. 488.
Laxa, r. Chili, which enters the Biobio in lat.
37° 9' S. It has a fall of 40 fathoms.
Laxas, r. S. America, which enterg tbe bay of
LEA
Laxenburg, v. Austria, 17 m. S. Vienna, the
usual summer residence of the emperor.
Layau, t. St. Vincent, on the W. coast. Lon.
61^ 18' W. Lat. 13° 8' N.
Laybach, Government of, one of the divisions of
Austrian lUyria. Pop. 640,000. See Illyria.
Laybach, t. Austrian empire, and cap. of the
government of Laybach, in Austrian Illyria. It
stands on the navigable river of the same name ;
has 10 churches, 2 hospitals, a central school, with
the privileges of a university, an observatory, a
public library, and a theatre. It carries on an
active carrying trade with Italy, and the south of
Germany. 28 m. N. E. Trieste. Lon. 14° 46' E,
Lat. 46° 2' N. Pop. 11,000.
Layde, t. W. Africa, on the Senegal, in the
country of the Foulalis, 45 m. S. E. Goumel.
Laykan, small isl, near the S. W. coast of Cele-
bes. Lon. 119° 51' E. Lat. 5° 32' S.
Layon, small r. France, which joins the Loire
below Chalonne.
Layrac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 4 m. S.
Agen. Lon. 0° 45' E. Lat. 44° 8' N.
Layton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 1 m. E. Black-
pool.
Laytons, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Lazaretto Vecchio, II, small isl. in the neigh-
bourhood of Venice, formerly called St. Maria of
Nazareth.
Lazise, t. Austrian Italy, 6 m. W. N. W. Vero-
na, 22 N. Mantua. Pop. 8,000.
Lea, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. W. by N. Pres-
ton.
Lea, r. Eng. which runs by Hertford, Ware, &c.
and dividing Essex from Hertfordshire and Mid-
dlesex, falls into the Thames a little below Black-
wall.
Leach, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames al
Lechdale.
Leacock, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 9 m. E. Lancas-
ter. Pop. 2,410.
Leacota, Cape, cape of Sicily, 60 m. from Point
Mazara.
Leaden, r. Eng. which falls into the Severn op-
posite Gloucester.
LeadhiUs, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire. In the
hills rich lead mines have been long worked. The
number of bars annually cast amounts, on an
average, to about 18,000. 44 m. S. Glasgow, 46^
S. W. Edinburg. Pop. 1,000.
Leading creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohi»
17 m, above Gallipolis.
Leaf river, r. Mississippi, which joins theChick-
asawhay 8 m. below the parallel of 31° N. lat. to
form the Pascagoula.
Leaf river, p-v. Green co. Missouri.
Leaksville, p-t. Rockingham co. N. C.
Learn, r. Eng. which falls into the Ouse.
Leamington Priors, v. Eng. in Warwickshire,
lately risen into importance from its mineral
spring, and now become one of the most fashiona-
ble watering places. 2 m. E, Warwick, 22 S. W.
Birmingham, 90 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 30' W.
Lat. 52° 32' N, Pop, 543.
Leao, or Leho, r. Chinese Tartary, which falls
into the gulf of Leao-tong.
Lea's, p-v. Granger co. Tennessee.
Leasburg, p-t. Caswell co. N. C. 80 m. E. Be-
thany.
Leasey Point, cape, Eng. on tiie W. coast of
Lancashire, N. of the island of Walney.
Leatherhead, t. Eng. in Surrey, 18 m. S. W.
London. Pop. 1,209.
LEG
LEE
39^
Leath Water, or Withburn, lake, Eng. in Cum-
berland, S. E. of Keswick.
Leba, r. Prussia, in Pomerania, which flows into
the Baltic.
Leban, v. Palestine, 15 m. N. Jerusalem.
Lebanon. See Libanus.
Lebanon, p-t. York co. Maine, on the Piscata-
qua, 28 m. N. VV. York. Pop. 1,938.
Lebanon, p-t. Grafton co. ^. H. on Connecticut
river, opposite the mouth of White river, 4 m. be-
low Dartmouth collesre. Pop. 1,808.
Lebanon, p-t. VVin'dhara co. Ct. 9 m. N. W. Nor-
wich, 30 S. E. Hartford. Pop. 2,580. It is an
excellent agricultural township. It contains 4
churches, 3 for Congregalionalists, and 1 for Bap-
tists, and an academy.
Lebanon, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. S. W.
Utica, 115 W. Albany. Pop. 1,634.
Lebanon, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 2,409.
Lebanon, co. Pa. formed from Dauphin and
Lancaster counties.
Lebanon, p-t. borough, and cap. Lebanon co. Pa.
on Quitapahilla creek, 25 m. E. Harrisburg, 82
W. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. of the borough,
1,434. The Schuylkill and Siisquehannah rivers
are connected at this place, by a canal between
the Quitapahilla and the Tulpehocken, a branch
of Schuylkill river.
Lebanon, p-t. Washington co. Geo.
Lebanon, p-t. and cap. Wilson co. Ten. 25 m. E.
Nashville. In the vicinity is an academy.
Lebanon, p-t. Washington co. Ken.
Lebanon, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Ohio, 25 m.
S. Dayton, 80 S. W. Columbus, 18 E. Hamilton,
34 N. Cincinnati. It contains a court-house and
jail, and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Meth-
odists, a bank, 2 market-houses, a printing office,
and a public library.
Lebanon, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 460.
Lebanon, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 m. S. Jeffer-
son.
Lebbeke, t Netherlands, in East Flanders, 3 m.
S. by E. Dendermonde. Pop. 3,150.
Lebe Bay, small bay on the S. coast of the Bal-
tic, between the gulf of Dantzic and the island of
Rugen. Lou. Vi'^ 29' E.
Lebedjan, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, at the con-
ijuence of the Moksch and the Oka. Lon. 39° 25'
15" E. Lat. 53° 49' 30" N. Pop. 2,500.
Lebedin, t. Eu. Russia, in Slobodsk-Ukraine, 70
Bi. N. W. Charkov. Pop. 9,000.
Lebiar, district, W. Africa, 100 m. E. N. E.
I'ortendick.
Lebida, (an. Leptis Magna,) s-p. Tripoli, in Af-
rica, 30m.E. S. E. Tripoh.
Lebo, r. Chili, which enters the Pacific in lat
37° 57' S.
Le boeuf. See Waterford, Pa.
Lebrixa, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m. S. Se-
ville. Lon. 5° 58' W. Lat. 37° 4' N. Pop. 6,000.
Lebus, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, on
the Oder, 8 m. S. S. W. Custrin. Lon. 14° 45' E.
I,at. 52° 28' N. Pop. 1,100.
Lecce, city, Naples, in Otrantn, It is a bish-
op's see, and the residence of the governor of the
province. The surrounding district is of great
fertility, and produces flax and tobacco. The flax
ii spun and manufactured into laco in the town.
17 m. W. Otranto, 28 S. E. Brindisi. Lon. 18° 36'
I). Lat. 40° 36' N. Pop. 14,000.
Lecco, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on the
lake of Como, 14 m. E. N. E. Como. Lon. 9° 23' E.
tat. 45" 5' N. Pop. 4.000.
50
Lech, r. Bavaria, which joins the Danube 5 m,
below Donawert.
Lechel, t. Bavaria, a suburb of the city of Mu-
nich. Pop. 2,250.
Lechenich, (an. Legionacum,) t. Prussian prov-
ince of Cleves-and-Berg, 11 m. S. S. W. Cologne.
Pop. 1,050.
Lechhausen, v, Bavaria, on the Lech, opposite
Augsburg. Pop. 800.
Lechlnde, or Leac/ilade, t. Eng. in Gloucester
CO. on the "rhames, 12 m. E. Cirencester, and 75
W. by N. London. Lon. 1°41' W. Lat.5P41'N.
Pop. 993.
Lechones Os, small islands near the W. coast of
Portugal. Lon. 8° 25' E. Lat. 41° 43' N.
Leek, an outlet of the Rhine, which separates
from that river near Wick, and falls into tlie
Maese above Rottf rdam.
Lecioure, t. France, in Gers, on the river Gers,
16 m. N. Auch. Lon. 0° 38' 26" E. Lat. 43° 56'
54" N. Pop. 5,500.
Lectoure, t. France, in Tarn, on the river Tarn,
near Alby. Pop. 1,500.
Leczna, t. Poland, on the Wieprz, 15 m. E. N.
E. Lublin. Pop 1,500.
Leda, r. Hanover, which falls into the Ems
near Leerort.
Leda, cape, on the coast of Brazil. Lat. 6°
50' S.
Ledbury, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 16 m. N. W.
Gloucester, 120 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 25' W.
Lat. 52° 2' N. Pop. 3,186.
Ledder, r. Wales, which falls into the Conway
12 m. S. Aberconway.
Lede, v. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 8 m. S.
W. Dendermonde. Pop. 3,300.
Ledeghem, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 12
m. E. Ypres. Pop. 3,150.
Ledtsmn, (an. Bletisa,) t. Spain, in Leon, 18 m-,
W.Salamanca. Pop. 1,800.
Ledelscfi, t. Bohemia, 50 m. S. E. Prague. Pop.
1,050.
Ledianaia, bay of the Frozen ocean, on the
coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 59° 14' E. Lat. 76<^
40' N.
Ledianoi, cane on the coast of Nova Zembla-.
Lon. 73^ 24' E." Lat. 78° N.
Leditz. See Litiz.
Ledniiz, t. Hungary, 80 m. N. N. E. Presburg.
Ledsham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4i m. N. W.
Ferrybridge.
Ledwick, r. Eng. which joins the Teme, 5 m. S.
Ludlow.
Lee, r. Eng. in Cheshire, which runs into the
Wever, 2 m. N. Nantwich.
Lee, r. Ireland, which runs into Cork harbour.
Lee, t. Hancock co. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Cas-
tine.
Lee, t. Strafford co. N. H. 13 m. N. W. Ports-
mouth. Pop. 1,329.
Lee, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 5 m. S. E. Lenox,
140 W. Boston. Pop. 1,305. It is watered by the
Housatonnuc.
Lee, t. Oneida CO. N. Y. 8 m. N. W. Rome.
Lee, Fort, Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudson, 9 nw
above Bergen.
Lee, CO. in the S. W. corner of Va. Pop. 4,694.
Slaves, 336. Chief town, Jonesville. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Lee^s Mark, rocks in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82° 10' W. Lat, 14^
10' N.
394
LEE
LEG
Leebyran, isl. near the N. E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118° 12' E. Lat. 6° I'N.
Leech lake, small lake, Missouri Territory, one
of the sources of the Mississippi.
Leeds, a large ti-ading and manufacturing t. Eng.
in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, the principal seat
of the woollen trade in the kingdom. Its situation
is peculiarly favourable for trade and manufac-
tures. The river Aire, which bounds it on the
S. is navigable from the Humber up to the town,
whence the Leeds and Liverpool canal proceeds
on the other hand to the W. The cloth halls are
the most remarkable buildings in Leeds. It is
here that all the great sales of woollen cloth take
place. The halls are open only two days in the
week, and for about an hour and a half each time ;
vet in this short period transactions are often com-
pleted to the amount of 15,000/. or 20,000Z. The
first stages of the manufacture of woollen cloth are
carried on in the towns and villages in the sur-
rounding district, where the wool goes through
the operations of spinning, weaving, and fulling.
From all tliese scattered establishments, the cloth
is sent, in its rough state, to Leeds, where it is fin-
ished. Besides the woollen manufacture, here
are several cotton mills. Here are likewise man-
ufactures for flat and green glass, and for fine and
coarse pottery goods. Several foundries have been
erected ; and there is a large manufacture of
f^teara engines. The borough of Leeds, which
comprises the whole parish, is governed by a
mayor, 12 aldermen, and 24 common-councilmen.
It sends no member to parliament. Since 1775,
the population of Leeds has more than doubled.
In 1801, it was 30,669, and in 1811, 35,950 ; that
of the town and parish being in the same vcars
53,162, and 62,534. 8 m. N. Wakefield, 9 E. Brad-
ford, 17 E. by N. Halifax, 24 S. W. York, 196 N.
W. London. Lon. 1° 34' W. Lat. 53° 48' N.
Leeds, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 37 m.
S. Quebec.
Leeds, co. Upper Canada, on the St. Lawrence.
Leeds, t. and port of entry, Leeds co. Up. Can-
ada, on the St. Lawrence. It is watered by Ga-
nanoque river, which has a good harbor.
Leeds, t. Kennebec co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggui, 20 m. S. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,273.
Leeds, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the Atlantic, 4
m. W. of the mouth of Mulicus river.
Leeds, or Leedstoini, p-t. Westmoreland co. Va.
14 m. E. Port royal, 40 S. E. Fredericksburg, 70
N. E. Richmond. Near this place is a famous
course for horse racing.
Leefdaal, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 5
m. S. W. Lou vain. Pop 1,200.
Leefoga, one of the Hapaee islands in the Pacif-
ic ocean. Lon. 185° 40' E. Lat. 19° 49' S.
Letgr'taii, small isl. near the E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118° 40' E. Lat. 4° 10' N.
Leekeem, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 118° 16' E. Lat. 6^9' N.
Leek, t. Eng. in Staffordshire. It has manufac-
tures of silk and mohair, comprising buttons, fer-
rets, handkerchiefs, twists, ribbons. 31 m. S. by
W. Manchester, 155 N. W. London. Lon. 2° i'
W, Lat. 53° 6' N. Pop. 3,703.
Leek, v. Netherlands, 8 m. S. W. Groningen.
Pop. 1,100.
Leek, Frith, t. Eng. in Stafibrdshire, 5 m. N. by
W. Leek.
UEpinay, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
26m.E. Quebec.
L'Epinay, fief, Quebec co. Lower Camada, B
m. N. W. Quebec.
Leer, t. Hanover, on the Leda, which falls into
the Ems a little below. 14 m. S. E. Embden. Lon.
7° 25' E. Lat. 53° 13' N.
Leerdam, t. Netherlands, 11 m. S. Utrecht. Fop.
2,000.
Leesburg, p-t. and cap. Loudon co. Va. 4 ra. S,
W, Potomac river, 27 fr. Fredricktown, (Md.) 46
N. W. Alexandria.
Leesburg, p-t. Washington co. Tennessee.
Leesburg, p-t. Harrison co. Ken.
Leesburg, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
Leesburg, p-t. Highland co. Ohio.
Leesburg, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Lee^s Island, small isl. Va. in the Potomac, 2 m.
S. E, Thorpe. It belongs to Fairfax co.
Lee's mills, p-v. Washington co. N. C.
Leetakoo, or Laltakoo, t. South Africa, the only
place yet known to us in the country of the Bo-
shuanas. Its first discovery was in 1801. Since
that time it has been visited by Dr. Lichtenstein
and Mr. Campbell. It contains between 7,000
and 8,000 inhabitants. Lon. 27° E. Lat 26°
30' S.
Leeuwarden, or Liewerden, t. Netherlands, cap.
of the province of Friesland, on the river Ee. 28
m. W. Groningen. Lon. 5° 43' E. Lat. 53° 12' N.
Leeuwen, v. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 11m,
W. Nimeguen. Pop. 1,500.
Leeuwen, or Leau, t, Netherlands, in South
Brabant, 25 m. E. Brussels. Pop. 1,20(}.
Lecuwin, cape on the E. coast of New Holland
Lon. 115° 6' E. Lat. 34° 19' S.
Lefchimo. See Eleusis.
LeJ'ka, v. Cyprus, the site of one of the 4 cities
bearing the name of Arsinoe. 28 m, N. N. E-
Baffa.
Leghea, t. Nubia, 16 m. W. N. W. Dongola.
Lon. 29° 30' E. Lat. 20° 6' N.
Leghorn, t. on the W. coast of Italy, in the
grand duchy of Tuscany. It is situated in a
marshy district. On the side of the sea it is well
fortified, but towards the land it is merely inclosed
by a stone rampart. The maritime accommoda-
tions consist of a roadstead, an outer and an inner
harbour. The outer harbour, which is the real
port, is difficult to enter, and is frequently encum-
bered with mud. Leghorn, thougli far from the
largest city, is perhaps the greatest commercial de-
pot of Italy. It is the residence of consuls fronk
the principal states of Europe, and the chief me-
dium of Italian commerce with the Levant and the
coast of Barbary. It is annuaUy visited by up-
wards of 4,000 vessels, great and small. It sup-
plies the interior of Italy with the produce of the
rest of Europe, of the Levant, and of the colonies.
The chief branch of manual industry is the work-
ing of coral and alabaster. The population in
1819, was about 50,000, of whom 8,000 were J ews.
15 m. S. W. Pisa, 47 W. S. W. Florence, and 140
N. N. W. Rome. Lon. 10^ 16' E. Lat. 43° 33' N.
Legnago, a fortified t. Austrian Italy, in the Ve-
ronese, divided by the Adige into two parts. 22
m. E. S. E. Verona. Lon. 10° 59' E. Lat. 45° 11'
N. Pop. 6,350.
Legnano, t. Austrian Italy, 14 m. fr. Milan.
Le CrouJ/Vf, seigniory, Northumberland co. Low-
er Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 54
m. N. E. Quebec.
Legrad, t. Hungary, at the confluence of the
Drave and the Muhr. 15 va. E. VavP^din,
L E I
Legua, t. France, in Lower Charente, 9 m. S.
E. Marennes. Pop. 1,500.
Legiievin, t. France, 9 m. W. Toulonse.
Legumo, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on
the Lago Mag^iore, 41 m. N. N. W. Milan.
Lehe, or Bremerlehe, t. Hanover, on the Weaer,
32 m. N. Bremen. Pop. 1,350.
Leheru, t. Baden, 3 m. N. W. Freyburg.
Lehigh^ co. Pa. on Lehigh river, inclosed by the
counties of Northampton, Buck?, Montgomery,
Berks, and Schuylkill.
Lehigh, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,188.
Lehigli, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware at
Easton, after a course of 75 miles. It is uuvigable
30 miles.
Lehigh gap, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Lehrberg, t. Bavarian states, 5 m. N. W. Ans-
pach. Pop. 900.
Leibnitz, t. Austrian states, 16 m. S. Gratz.
Lon. 14° 49' 15" E. Lat. 46° 47' 28" N. Pop.
1,050.
Leicester, an inland county of England, nearly
in the centre of the kingdom. It is mo«t distin-
guished as an agricultural county, and in that de-
partment particularly which relates to the breed-
ing and feeding of stock. It is bounded on the N.
by the counties of Derby and Nottingham, S. by
Warwick and Northampton, E. by l^incoln and
Rutland, and W. by Warwick and Derby. Ex-
tent, 816 square miles, or 522,000 acres. The
minerals are chiefly coal and lime ; the mines are
situated near the borders of Derbyshire. The
manufactures of Leicestershire are almost entire-
ly of wool. Pop. in 1801, 130,082; and in 1811,
150,419; of whom 11,700 families were employed
in agriculture, 17,027 jn trade and manufactures,
and 2,753 otherwise.
Leicester, t. Eng. the capital of Leicestershire,
on the Soare, in the centre of the finest wool dis-
trict in the kingdom. Between 7,0<X) and 8,000
persons are employed here in the various branch-
es of the hosiery business. In prosperous times,
libout 5,000 dozen stockings are maniifactured per
week. Pop. in 1801, 16,953; in 1811, 23,146;
of whom 428 families were employed in agricul-
ture, 4,090 in manufactures, and 355 otherwise.
98 m. N. W. London. Lon. 1° 9' W. Lat. 52°
38' N.
Leicester, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 42
n. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 609.
Leicester, p-t. W^orcester co. Mass. 6 m. W. Wor-
cester, 46 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,181. It contains
in academy, and 3 houses for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Anabaptists, and 1 for
Priends. The academy was incorporated in
1784, and is well endowed. It has usually about
100 students. The building is large and hand-
iome, 3 stories high, in a pleasant village, near
the meeting-house. Wool cards are manufactur-
ed in this town to a large amount.
Leicester, t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Genesee riv-
er, 21 m. S. E. Batavia, 240 W. Albany. Pop,
927. It has 2 villages, Moscow, and Mount Mor-
)-is, and 3 Presbyterian churches.
Leicester Island, isl. on the E. coast of New-
Holland. Lon. 150° 25' E. Lat. 22° 13' S.
Leichlingen, v. Prussian province of Cleves and
Berg, 4 m. S. Sohlingen. Pop. 2,300.
Leigh, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 12 m. W. Man-
«;hester, 6 S. E. Wigan, 199 N. W. London. Lon.
2° 30' W, Lat. 53° 30' N. Pop. 1,960.
Leigh, s-p. Eng. in Essex, 17^ ra. S. E. Che'lms-
tord. Pop. 702,
L EI
395
Leighiin, or OMLeighlin, t. Ireland, in Carlow
CO. the see of a bishop. 9 m. N. E. Kilkenny, 8 S.
S. W. Carlow.
Leighiin Bridge, v. Ireland, in Carlow co. on
the Barrow, 7 m. S. Carlow.
Leighlon Buzzard, t. Eng. in Bedford CO. 41 m,
N. W.' London. Lon. 0° 40' W. Lat. 51° 53' N,
Pop. 2, 114.
Lein, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau, on
the Lahn, 4 m. N. E. Weilburg.
Lcinach, Lower, v. Bavarian states, near Wurz-
burg. Pop. 1,200.
Leine, r. liower Saxony, which falls into the
AUer 2 m. below Zelle.
Leiningen, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, SO
m, S. Mentz.
Leinster, the eastern province of Ireland. It
contains the following counties, viz. Louth, Meath,
Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Carlow,
Kildare, Queen's county. King's county. West
Meath, and Longford.
Leinster, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of
the St. Lawrence.
Leipn, t. Bohemia, 47 m. S. E, Dresden. Lon.
14° 43' E. Lat. 50° 39' N. Pop. 5,000.
Leipheim, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 12 m,
N. E.UIm. Pop. 1,150.
Leipnick, t. Moravia, 6 ra. N. E. Prerau. Pop.
3,500.
Leipsic, Circle of, a province of the kmgdom of
Saxony, bounded "E. by the circle of Meissen, S.
by that of the Erzgebirg, and the principality of
Altenburg, and W. and N. by the Prussian part of
Saxony. Extent, 1,537 sq. miles. Pop. 217,000.
Leipsic, or Leipsic, city. Saxony, in a plain, on
the river Pleisse. It was formerly fortified, but
has long been dismantled. The town is divided in-
to four quarters, has four handsome free-stone
gates, eight churches, six hospitals, and one spa-
cious square. The university of Leipsic was
founded in 1409. The number of regular profes-
sors is 27, exclusive of extra professors, private
lecturers, and teachers of the living languages
and fashionable exercises. The number of stu-
dents varies from 900 to 1,200; but the library
contains only about 40,000 volumes. There are
several literary and scientific societies in Leipsic,
such as the belles lettres, the economical, the phi-
lological, the Linnean, the Collegium Philobibli-
cum, and the academy of the fine arts. Leipsic is
the chief commercial city in the interior of Ger-
many, its central position and other circumstances
having made it a general entrepot. A great part
of its business is carried on at the three great
fairs, which take place at the new year, p:aster,
and Michaelmas. These fairs are attended by an
immense concourse of people, not only from every
town of consequence in Germany, but from other
countries. From Bohemia are brought glass-ware
and linens; from Silesia chiefly linens; from Po-
land, leather, wax, and wool ; from Prussia and
Pomerania, woollen and silken stuffs ; irom Nu-
remburg, toys ; from Siiabia, linen and jewelle-
ry; from Austria and Hungary, leather, wine,
and dye stuffs ; from Switzerland, woollen, silken,
and linen stufls; from Russia, leather, skins, furs,
hemp and flax; from Italy, silk; from France,
lace and millinery ; and from England, Holland,
and Hamburg, colonial produce, printed cottons,
and hardware. Tlie total value of the busi-
ness transacted here in a year is computed at
18,000,000 of dollars, or 3,000,000/. sterling, exclu-
8ive of the book trade, which forma a remarkable
396
L E I
L E N
and a peculiar object in the commerce of Leipsic.
Here thr booksellers of every large town in Ger-
many assemble at the Easter fair, each bringing a
portion of the books printed by him since the last
year. These they exchange for other books.
Foreign books are likewise bought and sold at the
Leipsic fair. The number of booksellers settled
at Leipsic is between fifty and sixty. The num-
ber from other parts who attend the fair, varies
from 200 to 300. The new publications exhibited
for sale, are computed at an average of 5,000 dis-
tinct works ; and the value of tFie books sold or
exchanged, is about 200,000/. in a year.
Leipsic; and its neighbourhood have been re-
peatedly the scene of military conflicts. The
most celebrated was that between the French and
allies, on the 16th Oct. 1813. The opposing masses
were the greatest of which we read in authentica-
ted history ; the allies were 240,000 strong, the
French were 160,000. The French were defeat-
ed, with the loss of 40,000 or 50,000 men, in kill-
ed, wounded and prisoners. 64 m. W. by N. Dres-
den, 90 S. by W. Berlin, 180 E. N. E. Frankfort
on the Maine. Lon. \2^ 21' E. Lat31° 20' N.
Pop. 33,000.
Leismg, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 30 m. S. E.
Leipsic. Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat. 51° 7' N. Pop.
2,550.
Ltiston, parish, Eng. in Suffolk, 4 m. E. by S.
Saxraundham.
Leith, t. Scotland, in Edinburgh co. and the
seaport of Edinburgh, about 2 m. N. E. of the me-
tropolis, on the Water of Leith, at its confluence
with the frith of I orth. The harbor has been
gradually improved, according to the increase of
shipping and trade. In 1800, a magnificent suit
of wet docks was planned, and the first of these
beautiful basins, 250 yards in length, by 100 in
breadth, sufficient to accommodate 40 ships of 200
tons, was opened for the ute of the shipping in
1806; a second dock has been since completed,
and was opened in 1817. The harbour of Leith
has only nine feet depth of water at neap tides,
and sixteen at spring tides.
Leith carries on an extensive trade with the
Baltic, Holland, France, Spain, Portugal, and the
Mediterranean; also with the West Indies and
America, besides a great coasting trade, to the
different parts of England and Scotland. The
Greenland fishery is also prosecuted with great
activity. It has several extensive rope walks and
canvas manufactories ; six or seven glass-houses,
where bottles and flint glass are manufactured in
great quantities ; sugar refineries, soap works,
and several breweries. The number of vessels
that traded at the port of Leitfi for the year 1818,
was 4,41 1. Pop. of the parishes of North and
South Leith, 20,363. Lon. 3° 12' W. Lat. 55°
58' N.
Lrithrn, small r. Scotland, which falls into the
Tweed, \ m. below Inverleithe)!.
Leitrim, co. b-eland, bounded S. by Roscommon
and Sligo, W. by the bay of Donegal, N. by Done-
gal and P^efman;i;rh, and F.. S. E. by Cavan and
Longford. Extent, 407,260 acres. Pop. about
70,000. The Catholics are to the Protestants as
30 to 1.
Leitrim, t. Ireland, on the Shannon, 3 m. N.
Carrick.
LeitzkaUj t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 14
m. E. S. E. Ma-dftburg. Pop, 1,100,
Leixtip, 1. Ir':l-uhl, in K;ldare, at the confluence
df the Rye ami Liffey^ 8 m.from Dublin.
Lekkerkirk, v. Netherlands, on the Lech, 8 m.
E. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,300.
Lelesz, t. Hungary, 30m.E. N.E. Tokay. Lon,
22° 2' E. Lat. 47° 23' N.
Lelow, t, Poland, 32 m. N. W. Cracow.
Lelunda, r. Congo, in Africa, which passes by
the ca])ital, St. Salvador, and falls into the Atlan-
tic a little S. of the Zaire.
Lema Islands, small islands in the Eastern seas,
near the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 108° 48' E.
Lat. 1° 10' S.
Leman, the French name of thelalce of Geneva,
derived from the Xatin Lcmannus. It was also
the name of a department of the French empire,
under Bonaparte.
Ltmay s cross-roads, p-v. Granville co. N. C.
Lembeke, v. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 22
m. S. E. Ghent. Pop. 2,600.
Lemberg, city, Austrian Poland, formerly cap.
of Red Russia, and now of Galicia, stands on the
Pelten, a branch of the Dniester. It is, next to
Brody, the greatest trading town of Galicia. Its
lair, which is held during Lent, is on a very large
scale, and the business transacted at it is immense.
Here is the principal thoroughfare from Odessa,
and other Russian ports on the Black sea, to Vi-
enna and the rest of Germany. 72 m. S. S. E.
Chelm, 156 E. Cracow, 300 S. S. E. Konigsberg.
Lon. 24° 8' E. Lat. 49° 51' N. Pop. 44,000, of
whom 15,000 are Jews.
Lemgo, t. Westphalia, in Lippe Detmold. It
was formerly one of the Hanse towns. Here is a
considerable trade in printing and bookselling.
Pop. 3,400. 17 m. S. Minden. Lon. 8° 44' E.
Lat. 52° 2' N.
X,emta,small isl. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 44° 6' S.
Lemingion, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 64m. N. E. Montpeliej. Pop. 132.
Ltmlem. See Melli.
Lemloon, v. Irak Arabi, on the Euphrates, about
midway between Bassora and Hillah.
Lemmer, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 20 m. S.
Leeuwarden. Pop. 1,800.
Lemnos, Stalimene, or Limye, isl. Eu. Turkey,
in the archipelago, between xMonte Santo and the
Plellespont, 15 miles long, and about 11 broad.
Pop. 8,000.
Lemon, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river, 10
.m above Hamilton.
Lemon Rock, rock near the S. W, coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 10° 18' W. Lat. 51° 45' i\.
Lemps le Grand, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. N.
W. Grenoble. Pop. 1,700.
Lsmpsier, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 40 m. W.
Concord. Pop. 854.
Lempta, (an. Leptis Parva,) s-p. Tunis, 60 m.
S. Tunis.
Lemptuna, or Lempta, country in the des«rt pf
Africa, S. of Tunis.
Lemwig, s-p. Denmark, in North Jutland, 84 m.
N. Ribe. Lon. 8° 28' E. Lat. 56° 44' N.
Len, r. Eng. in Kent, which falls into the Med-
way at Maidstone.
Lena, r. A. Russia, which rises in the moun-
tains N. W. of Lake Baikal, lon. 108° 14' E. lat.
50° 20' N. and falls into the Frozen ocean, lon.
1 17° 14' E. lat. 73° N. Its entire course is nearly
2,000 miles.
Lencloistre, t. France, in Vienne, 14 m. N. Poi-
tiers. Pop. 2,150.
Lenczicz, t. Poland, 77 m. W. Warsaw. Lon.
19° 10' E. Lat, 52° 12' N. Pop. 2,250.
LerJiyiara, t. Austrian Italv, 8 m. W. Rovigo.
Pop. 5,000.
LEO
L E P
397
Lenes, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat.
67° 40' N.
Lenge/eld, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, 10 m. N.
E. Plauen. Pop, 2,100.
Lengefeld, t. Saxony, 35 m. S. W. Dresden.
Lengsfdd, t. Saxe-Weimar, on the Werra, 16
m. S. S. W. Eisenach. Pop. 1,750.
Lengua, Cape, cape on the E. coast of tke gulf
of Venice. Lon. 19° 36' E. Lat. 40° 44' N.
Lenham, t. Eng. in Kent co. 10 m. E. Maidstone,
44 S. E. London. Lon. 0° 44' E. Lat. 51° 14' N.
Pop. 1,509.
Lenkroon, port of Ghilan, in Persia, on the Cas-
pian, 110 m. N. W. Reshd.
Lenkersheim, t. Bavarian states, 14 m. N. An-
spach.
Lennepf t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 22 m. E. by S. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7° 18' E.
Lat. 51° 9' N. Pop. 2,800.
Lennik, St. Martin, t. Netherlands, in South
Brabant, 11 m. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 1,600.
Lenno, v. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 12 m.
S. Brescia. Pop. 3,000.
Lenmre, co. N. C. - Pop. 5,572. Slaves, 2,440.
Chief town, Kingston.
Lenox, p-t. and cap. Berkshire co. Mass. 3i m.
N. Stockbridgc, 6 S. Fittsfield, 145 W. Boston.
Pop. 1,310. Housatonnuc river passes through this
town. The public buildings are a court-house
and jail, an academy, and 2 houses for public wor-
ship. Here is an iron mine, and a furnace for cast-
ing hollow iron ware.
Lenox, t. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake,
and on the Erie canal. 25 m. W. Utica, 118 W.
Albany. Pop. 1,732. Iron ore is found here, and
in 1815, a company was incorporated for the pur-
pose of manufacturing iron.
Lenox castle, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C.
Lenoxville, s-p. Carteret co. N. C. at the mouth
of a small river which falls into Core Sound, 3 m.
from Beaufort. It has lately attracted attention as
SI good situation for trade. See Beaufort.
Lens, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 10 m. N. W.
Douay. Pop. 2,350.
Lens, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m. N. Mons.
Pop. 2,000.
Lenthe) v. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 5 m. S. E.
Zwoll. Pop. 1,100.
Lenton, parish, Eng. in Nottinghamshire, I m.
W. S. W. Nottingham. Pop. 1,197.
Lentrisca, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Ivica.
Lon. 1° 12'E. Lat. 38^ 51' N.
Lenzburg, t. Swiss canton of Aargau, on the Aa,
6 m. S. E. Aargau.
Lenzen, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 74
m. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 11° 36' E. Lat. 53° 9' N.
Pop. 2,150.
Lemo, r. Italy, which falls into the Po near Ber-
sello.
Leohen, t. Austrian states, 80 m. S. W. Vienna.
Pop. 2,400.
Leobschulz, or Hlubzien, t. Silesia, 18 m. N. W.
Ratibor. Pop. 3,400.
Leogane, t. on the W. coast of St. Domingo, 9
leagues W. by S. Port au Prince. Lon. 72° 37'
y^. Lat. 28° 30- N.
Leogane, Bay of, c'dilednho Bight of Leogane, 3it
the W. end of the island of St. Domingo. It opens
between Cape St. Nicholas and Cape Dame Ma-
rie, 45 leagues apart.
Leogang, t. Austrian states, 30 m. S. S. W.
Sal tzburg.
Leominsfer, borough and t Eng. in Hereford-
shire, on the Lugg. It has manufactures of hat
and gloves ; also some trade in felts, leather, &c.
Here is one of the best markets for wool, cyder,
hops, and wheat. 13 m. N. Hereford, 26 W.
Worcester, 137 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 43' W.
Lat. 52° 13' N. Pop. 3,232.
Leominster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. N.
Worcester. Pop. 1,534. It is on Nashua river,
and has numerous mills and manufactures.
Leon, one of the great divisions of Spain, in the
N. W. and still distinguished by the title of a king-
dom. It is bounded N. by Asturia, E. by Old Cas-
tile, S. by Estremadura, and W. by Portugal and
Galicia. Extent, 21,000 square miles. Pop.
930,000.
Leon, a province of Spain, occupying the north-
ern part of the ancient kingdom of Leon, and sur-
rounded by the Asturias, Palencia, Toro, Vallado-
lid, Zamora, and Galicia. Extent, 6,200 square
miles. Pop. 240,000.
Leon, (ancient Legio,) city, Spain, cap. of the
foregoing kingdom and province, is at the conflu-
ence of the Torio and Bernesga. The cathedral
surpasses in grandeur and beauty all similar edifi-
ces in the kingdom. The ancient palace of the
kings of Leon is now in a decayed state, and has
been converted into a manufactory. 174 ra. N. N.
W. Madrid, 74 N. N. W. Valladolid. Lon. 5° 27'
W. Lat. 42° 45' N. Pop. 6,200.
Leon, isl. on the S. W. coast of Spain, separated
from the mainland by a canal and river, 10 miles
long, and from 20 to 30 feet deep. Cadiz is on a
point of land at the S. W. extremity. See Cadiz.
Leon. See St. Pol de Leon.
Leon, or Leonde Nicaragua, cap. of the province
of Nicaragua, in Guatimala, on the W. side of
Lake Leon. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 291°
25' W. Lat. 12° 25' N.
Leon, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 40 m. N. W
Guanaxuato. Lon. 272° 10' W. Lat. 20° 18' N.
Leonan, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Borneo,
Lon. 117° 48' E. Lat. 6° 39' N.
Leonardston, p-t. and cap. St. Mary's co. Md.
on Britton's creek, 5 m. above its entrance into
the Potomac, 30 S. E. Port Tobacco, 74 S. An-
napolis.
Leone, Cape, promontory on the S. coast ot
Greece, 8 m. VV. S. W. Athens.
Leones, small isl. near the coast of Patagonia.
Lat. 50° 2' S.
Leoncssa, t. Naples, in Abruzzo, 19 m. N. W.
Aquila.
Leonforte, t. interior of Sicily, 7 m. W. San Fi-
lip))o d'Argiro. Pop. 8,000.
Leonsberg, t. Wirtemburg, 11 m. N. W. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,700.
Leontini, or Lentini, t. Sicily, in the Val di No-
to, on a river of the same name, 5 m. from the sea.
22 m. N. N. W. Syracuse. Lon. 15° E. Lat. 37<»
18' N. Pop. 5,000.
Leopold, a town of liberated negroes in the pa-
rish of St. Peter's, in the colony of Sierra Leone.
Pop. 308.
Leopoldsau, t. Austrian States, 6 m. N. by E.
Vienna.
Leopold-Schlag, i. Austrian States, 28 m. N. N.
E. Lintz.
Leopoldstadt, t. Hungary, 56 m. E. Vienna.
Lon. 17° 45' 45" E. Lat. 48° 25' 40'' N.
Lepage, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence.
Lepanto, t. in the S. W. of Eu. Turkey, at thft
entrance of a •rulf of the same name. 360 m. W.
398
L E S
S. W, Constantinople. Lon. 22*^ E. Lat. 38-
37' N.
Lepanto, Gulf of, formerly called the Gulf of
Corinth, a gulf of Eu. Turkey, separating the coast
of Romania from the Morea.
Lepe, t. Spain, in Seville, 10 m. E. Ayamonte.
Lon. 7° 4' W. Lat 37° 12' 15'' N.
Leper'' s Island, one of the New Hebrides. Lon.
168° 4' E. Lat. 15° 21' N.
Lepsina. See Elcusis.
Lepton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. E. by S.
Huddersfield. Pop. 2,585.
Lequeyto, t. Spain, in Biscay, on the bay of Bis-
cay, 28 m. E. N. E. Bilboa.
Lerang, Point, cape on the N. coast of Java.
Lon. 111°27'E. Lat. 6°37'S.
Leraj/, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river, 180
m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,149.
Leraysville, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y.
Le Resouvenir, t. Demerara. The London So-
ciety have a missionary here.
Leira. See Leyria.
Lerici, s-p. Italy, in the Genoese territory, 6 m.
S. E. Spezia. Pop. 2,00().
Lerida, i. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre, 69
m. E. by S. Saragossa, 90 W. by N. Barcelona.
Lon. 0° 25' E. Lat. 41° 29' N. Fop. ]7,000.
Lerins, 2 small islands in the Mediterranean, on
die S. coast of France, called St. Marguerite, and
St. Honorat. Lon. 77° E. Lat. 43° 30' N.
Lerrna, t. Spain, in Burgos, 23 m. S. Burgos.
Lon. 3° 45' 3" W. Lat. 42° 1' 21'' N.
Lerrna, t. Mexico, 9 leagues W. S. W. Mexico. ,
Lon. 99° 21' W. Lat. 19° 16' N.
Lerna, s-p. Greece, in the Morea, in the gulf of
Napoli, 6 m. S. E. Argos.
Leroy, formerly Bellona, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y.
10 m. E. Batavia, 38 W. Canandaigua. It con-
tains a handsome village, with a Presbyterian
church. In the north part of the town are the re-
mains of an ancient fort.
Lerwick, t. Scotland, on the mainland of Shet-
land, and the seats of the courts of that stewartry.
ft is on the spacious harbour called Lerwick or
Brassay sound. Pop. 1,000.
Lesara, one of the Aland isles, in tlie Baltic, in
lon. 20° 19' E. lat. 60° 18' N.
Lesbe, v. Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, 5 m.
from Damietta.
Lesbury, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 m. E. by
S. Alnwick.
Lescar, (VEscar,') t. France, in Lower Pyre-
nees, 3 m. N. W. Pau. Pop. 1 ,900.
Lesche, r. France, which falls into the Macse
■■ bove Dinant.
Lesdiguieres, t. France, in Upper Alps, 1 1 m. N.
Gap. Pop. 1,400.
Les Eboulemcns, seigniory, Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence,
56 m. N. E. Quebec.
Lesghistan, a territory of Caucasus, bounded N.
by Circassia, and E. by Daghestan. The inhabit-
ants are robbers of the most daring and desperate
character.
Z<c5?g7ifl7r, t. France, in Aude, 11 m. W. Nar-
bonne. Pop. 1,500.
L€sina,ov Lezina, (an. Pharos or Pharia,) is],
in the Adriatic, on the S. coast of Austrian Dalma-
tia, between the islands of Bi-azzola, Curzola, and
Sabioncello. It is 65 miles long and 14 broad.
Pop. 14,000.
; Lcsina, t. Naplc. in the Capitanta, on the La-
LEV
gode Lesina, which communicates with the Adri-
atic, 86 m. E. N, E. Naples.
Lesmahagoe, or Abbey Green, v. Scotland, ia
Lanarkshire, 6 m. S. Lanark. Pop. 500.
Lesneven, t. France, in Finisterre, 14 m. N. E.
Brest. Lon. 4° 14' W. Lat. 48° 34' N. Pop. 2,05a
Lesparre, t. France, in Gironde, 13 m. N. N. W.
Bourdeaux. Pop. 800.
Lessee, t. France, in Charente, on the Vienne.
Pop. 1,200.
Lessard, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence.
Lessard, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
45 m. N. E. Quebec.
Lessay, t. France, in La Manche, opposite Jer-
sey. Pop. 1,500.
Lessines, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Dender, 28 m. W. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 3,700.
Lesslie, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 9 m. N. Kirk-
aldy.
Lessee, or Lossoe, isl. Denmark, in the Catte-
gat. Lon. 11° 8' E. Lat. 57° 17' N. Pop. 1,560.
Lestwithiel. See LostwilhieL
Letart, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 265.
Letham, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 4 m. W. Cu-
par.
Lett, small isl. near the island of Timor. Lon.
127° 15' E. Lat. 8° 28' N.
Letterkenny, t. Ireland, in Donegal, 15 m. S. W.
Londonderry.
Letterkenny, t. Franklin co. Pa. Fop, 1,549.
Lettowitz, t Moravia, 25 m. N. Brunn.
X,emng^e, small isl. of the Adriatic. Fon. 13°
52' E. Lat. 45° 1' N.
Levant. — This term signifies the East ; but it
is commonly applied to the E. coasts of the Mediter-
ranean, particularly those of Asia Minor and Syria.
Levant, isl. on the S. E. coast of France. Lon.
6° 29' 49" E. Lat. 43° 25' N.
Levant, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 10 m. N. W.
Bangor.
Levanzo, small isl. near W. coast of Sicilv. Lon;
12° 24' E. Lat. 38° 5' N.
Leubus, V. Silesia, on the Oder, 30 m. W. N. W.
Breslau. Pop. 1,100.
Leuca, Capo di, cape on the E. coast of Naples.
Lon. 18° 20' E. Lat. 40° 3' N.
Leucadia, promontory at the S. extremity of the
island of Santa Maura.
Leucate, France, in Aude, 7 m. S. Narbonne.
Leuchars, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 6 m. fr. St.
Andrew's.
Leren, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, at the mouth
of the river Leven, 9 m. E. Kirkaldy. Pop. 1,132.
Leven, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Kinross co. about
12 m. in circumference. The castle of Loch Lev-
en, anciently a royal residence, stands on an island
in the N. W. part of the lake.
Leven, r. Scotland, which issues from Loch Lo-
mond at Balloch, and falls into the Clyde at Dum-
barton castle.
Leve-ntin, lake, Prussian states, 56 m. S. E. Ko-
nigsberg.
Levenworth, t. Crawford co. Indiana, on the
Ohio, at the horse shoe bend, 12 m. W. Corydon,
30 S. W. Salem, 25 S. Paoli.
Leverett, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. S. E. Green-
field. Pop. 769.
Levering'' s, p-v. Philadelphia co. Pa.
Leveston's, p-v. Franklin co. Indiana.
Levi Point, point, Lower Canada, on the St.
Lav/rcnop, opposite Quebec.
LEW
Leviers, t. France, in Doubs, 9 m. S. Ornans.
Pop' 1,100.
Lei'ina, t. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop.
in 1815, 100.
Leuk, t. Switz. in Valais, 20 m. E. Sion. Lon.
7^ 45' E. Lat. 46° 17' N.
Levkopol, t. Russia, in the Crimea, 80 ra. S. Pc-
rekop. Lon. 34° 24' E. Lat. 45° 6' N.
Levroux, t. France, in Indre, 11 ni. N. Chateau-
roux. Pop. 2,800.
Leuse, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Den-
der, 11 m. E. Tournay. Lon. 3° 28' E. Lat 50°
34' N. Pop. 4,400.
Leutenberg, t. Saxony, 9 ra. S. E. of Saalfield.
Leutershaasen, t. Baden, 9 m. E. Manheim.
Pop. 1,100.
Leuthen, v. Prussian Silesia, 10 m. W. Breslau.
Leutkirch, t. VVirtemberg;, 28 m. S. Ulm. Pop.
1,800.
Leutmannsdorf, v. Silesia, 6 m. S. E. Schweid-
nitz. Pop. 2,150.
Leutmeritz, one of the sixteen circles into which
Bohemia is divided. Extent, 1,336 sq. miles. Pop.
292,000.
Leulmerilz, t. Bohemia, cap. of the preceding
circle, is on the Elbe, 36 m. N. N. E. Prague, 40
Dresden. Pop. 36,000.
Leutomisck!, t. Boliemia, 86 m. E. by S. Prague,
22 E. Chrudim. Lon. 16° 5' E. Lat. 49° 47' N.
S. b. E. Pop. 4,650.
Leutschau, t. Hungary, in the county of Zyps,
and the place of meeting for the provincial assem-
blies. 25 m. W. by S. Szeben. Lon. 19° 26' E.
Lat. 49° N. Pop. 4,500.
Lewens, or Leva, t. Hungary, 8 m. E. Barsch.
Lon. 18° 37' E. Lat. 48° 13' N.
Lcufs, borough and t. Eng. in Sussex, on the W.
bank of the Ouse, which is navigable up to the
tov/n. On a hill, about a mile from the town, is
the race course, which is accounted one of the
best in England. 8i m. N. E. Brighton, 49 S.
London. Lon.oo I'.E. Lat.50°53'N. Pop. 6,221,
Leivin, t. Silesia, 15 m. W. Glatz. Lon. 16° 4'
E. Lat 50° 14' N. Pop. 1,100.
Levis, one of the largest and most northerly of
the Hebrides, on the coast of Scotland, parted by
arms of the sea into two divisions, the southern of
which is called Harris, and the northern Lewis.
Extent 902 sq. miles, or 451,000 acres. Every
part of the island exhibits monuments of antiquity,
as duns, fortified castles, Druidical edifices, cairns,
and upright stones. The island lies between 64"
and 72° W. lon. and 57° 54' and 58*= 28' N. lat.
Pop. 13,942.
Lewis, t. Essex co. Vt. 57 m. N. E. Montpelier,
8 S. of the Canada line.
Lewis, CO. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of St.
Lawrence, Hamilton, Oneida, Oswego, and Jef-
ferson. Pop. 6,433. Chief town, Martinsburg.
Lewis, t Essex co. N. Y. 6 m. N. Elizabethtown.
Pop. 537.
Lewis, CO. Va. formed in 1816, from part of
Harrison county.
Lewis, CO. Ken. Pop. 2,357. Slaves, 284.
Chief town, Clarksburg.
Lewis, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 903.
Lewis hay, harbor in Yarmouth, Barnstable co.
Mass. on the S. shore of Cape Cod.
Lewisburg, p-t. Yorkco. Pa.
Leirisburg, or Tarstown, p-t. Northumberland
CO. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah, 7 m.
»bove Northumberland, 30 E. Aaronsburg. It is
LEX
399
t
well situated for trade. At this place, a bridge is
thrown acroM the river.
Lewisburg, p-t. and cap. Greenbriar co. Va. on
the N. side of Greenbriar river, 250 m. W. Rich-
mond.
Lewisburg, p-t. Mnhlenburg co. Ken.
Lewis'' creek, r. Vt. which runs into lake Cham-
plain, at Ferrisburg.
Ltwisham, v. Eng-. in Kent, 5 m. E. London.
Pop. 6,625.
Lewis River, r. N. America, which rises on the
W. side of the Rocky mountains, and, after a
course of about 900 miles, enters the E. side of
Columbia river, 413 m. above its mouth.
Lewis'' store, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Pa.
Lewiston, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, 30 m. W, Wiscasset. Pop. 1,033.
Lewiston, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niagara
river, opposite Queenston, 27i m. N. Buffalo, 7^
S. Fort Niagara. The portage around the falls is
8 miles from Fort Schlosser to this place. A
steam-boat plies regularly from Lewiston t*
Sacketts Harbor.
Lewislown, p-t. bor. and cap. Mifflin co. Pa. on
the N. side of the Juniatta, 23 m. N, E. Hunting-
don, 86 N. W. Harrisburg, 152 W. Philadelphia.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house
and jail, a market-house, and bank.
Lewistown, or Lewes, p-t. Sussex co. Del. on
Lewis creek, 3 m. above its entrance into Dela-
ware bay, 3 W. Cape Henlopen, 112 S. Philadel-
phia. It stands on elevated ground, commanding
a fine view of the ocean. It contains an academy
and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
Methodists. Extensive salt-works have lately
been erected at this place.
Lewisville, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Lewisville, p-v. Chester co. S. C.
Lexawacsein. See Lackaivaxen.
Lexden, v. Eng. in Essex, 2 m. W. Colchester.
Lexington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 11 m. N.
W. Boston. Pop. 1,052. In this town, a battle
was fought April 19, 1775, which was the com-
mencement of the American Revolution. A
monument is erected on the spot.
Lexington, p-t. Green co. (N. Y.) W. of Cats-
kill.
Lexington, p-t. and cap. Rockbridge co. Va. on
the N. branch of James river, 30 m. S. W. Staun-
ton, 151 W. Richmond. Lon. 79° 40' W. Lat.
37° 50' N. The situation of the town is healthy
and agreeable. It contains a courthouse, jail,
meeting-house for Presbyterians, a college, and
about 100 dwelling-houses. The college is called
Washington college, after General Washington,
who endowed it with 100 shares in the James river
canal. It was originally incorporated as an acad-
emy, in 1782, under the name of Liberty Hall
Academy, but the canal stock having become
within a few years very productive, it has assum-
ed the form of a college. It has a philosophical
apparatus, a library of about 2,000 volumes, a
president, 2 professors, and about 50 students.
The canal shares have in some years produced an
income of more than $3,000.
Lexington, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
i>e.rmg-/on, district, S. C. Pop. 6,641. Slaver,
1,911. Chief town, Granby.
Z.ea;ing-/(wj, formerly Great falfs, p-t and cap.
Oglethorpe co. Geo. on Ogechee river. It is on a
beautiful eminence, which overlooks the falls in
the river. The public buildings are a court-
400
LEY
house and jail, and an academy. 2 m. from
Georgetown, 30 fr. Greensboro, 76 N. W. Au-
gusta.
Lexington, p-t and cap. Fayette co. Ken. is de-
lightfully situated in a beautiful valley on Town
Fork, a small stream which falls into the S. branch
of Elkhorn river, 25 m. E. S. E. Frankfort, 76 E.
Louisville, 88 S. Cincinnati. Lat. 38° 6' N. Lon.
83° 8' W. It is regularly laid out, and contains
a court-house, a market-house, a masonic hall, 3
banks, a public library, a university, a female
academy, 3 printing offices, and 7 houses of pub-
lic worship, 3 for Presbyterians, and 1, each, for
Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman
Catholics. — The growth of this town has been ex-
ceedingly rapid. In 1797, it contained only about
50 houses, and the best farmers lived in log cab-
ins. It is now a large and beautiful town, cover-
ed with stately and elegant buildings, and in
wealth and refinement is scarcely surpassed by
any place in the western country. The manu-
facturing establishments are various and exten-
sive. Here are 4 nail factories, which manufac-
ture 70 tons of nails yearly, 2 copper and tin
manufactories, several cotton and woollen manu-
factories, 3 steam grist mills, 2 steam paper mills,
ropewallcs on a large scale, besides tanneries,
breweries, distilleries, &c. — The country around
Lexington is much admired for the beauty of its
scenery, and is adorned with more than 50 hand-
r^ome country seats.
Transylvania University in this place, was
originally incorporated before the separation of
Kentucky from Virginia. In 1818, it was re-or-
ganized under a board of 13 trustees, who are
chosen biennially by the legislature. In 1820, the
officers were a president, who is also professor of
the philosophy of the human mind, moral philoso-
phy, and the elements of civil policy, rhetoric,
logic, and philosophical grammar ; 4 medical
professors; a professor of chemistry; a professor
of natural philosophy and mathematics ; a pro-
fessor of botany and natural history, and teacher
of modern languages ; 3 tutors ; 2 assistant tu-
tors ; and the principal of the preparatory de-
partment. The number of students was 235, of
whom 34 were medical students ; 53 in the four
regular classes ; 49 irregulars, and 99 in the pre-
paratory department. The irregulars are those
who receive instruction with the regular classes,
but are not candidates for any degree. The
buildings consist of two college edifices of brick,
one erected several years since; the other, erect-
ed in 1818, is a spacious building, 130 feet by 30,
3 stories high, containing a chapel, four recitation
rooms, a room for the library, and 30 rooms for stu-
dents. The library contains about 3,000 volumes,
and a considerable sum has recently been expend-
ed in the purchase of a chemical and philosophical
apparatus.
Lexington, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 420.
Lexington, p-t. Richland co. Ohio.
Lexington, p-t. Jefferson co. Indiana.
Leydtn, city, Netherlands, in S. Holland. It
ranks among the largest cities of Holland, and is
inferior to none in the spaciousness of its streets.
It stands on a small branch of the Rhine. The
canals that traverse the town, form, by their va-
rious intersections, upwards of 50 petty islands.
The fortifications consist of a circular mound of
earth, partly covered with turf, and partly faced
with brick. Along this mound are fine shady
walks, and outsi'le of it a deep and broad m.oat
LIB
The university of Leyden was formerly famou*
throughout Europe. It was founded in 1575c
The number of professors is 21 ; viz. 4 of theolo-
gy, 4 of law, 4 of medicine, 4 of philosophy, and
5 of languages. Their lectures are delivered in
Latin. Their salaries, independent of a house
and the small fees paid by the pupils, are some-
what more than 250/. The number of students
is at present (1819) about 300 : of these, about 80
study medicine, 100 philosophy and languages,
and the otiiers divinity and law. Belonging to
the university is a valuable botanical garden, a
cabinet of natural history, an anatomical theatre,
an observatory, and a library. In the last, the
manuscripts are said to form 10,000 volumes ;
the number of printed volumes is about 40,000.
Printing, especially the printing of classical books,
was formerly a great branch of trade here ; but it
is now much reduced. Leyden sustained a fa-
mous siege in 1573, against the Spaniards. 10 m-
N. E. of the Hague, 22 S. W. Amsterdam. Lon.
4° 29' E. Lat. 52° 9 N. Pop. 31,000.
Leyden, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 33
m. N. Utica, 1 15 N. W. Albany. Pop. 792.
Leyden Isle, isl. off the N. W. coast of Ceylon.
Leyder-Dam, or Leidschendam, t. Netherlands,
in S. Holland, 3 m. E. of the Hague. Pop. 1,800.
Leyland, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W.
Chorley. Pop. 2,646.
Leyria, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 37 m. S.
S. W. Coimbra, 77 N. by E. Lisbon. Pop. 3,500.
Leyta, isl. one of the Philippines, 95 miles long,
by 38 broad. Lon. 124° 40' E. Lat. 10^ 50' N.
Leytha, r. in the S. E. of Germany, which
joins an ann of the Danube near Altenburg, 9 m-
W. Comorn.
Lezai, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 22 m. S. by
E.Niort. Pop. 1,700.
Lezat, t. France, in Arriege, 25 m. N. W. Mi'
repoix. Pop. 2,550.
Liancourt, t. France, in Oise, 4 m. S. Clermont
Pop. 1,000.
Libanus, a lofty mt. Syria, the ancient Leba •
non, so celebrated in scripture poetry. It runs
nearly N. and S. from the vicinity of Tripoli to
the borders of Palestine, and is distant from the
sea about 30 or 40 miles. To the E. is a parallel
chain, commonly called Antilibanus. The height
of Libanus is very considerable, the summit being
covered with snow for a great part of the year.
A few specimens yet remain of those magnificent
cedars, for which Lebanon was once so celebrated.
Libau, s-p. Russia, in Courland, on the Baltic.
It has a commodious harbor for small vessels. Pop.
5,000. 66 m. W. Mittau. Lon. 20° 55' 20" E.
Lat. 56° 31' 36'' N.
Liberan, small isl, near the N. E. eoast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 116° 8' E. Lat. 6° 2' N.
Liberty, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware riv-
er. Pop. 419.
Liberty, t. Adams co. Pa.
Liberty, p-t. and cap. Bedford co. Va. 15 m. N.
W. New London, 35 E. S. E. Fincastle, 40 from
Rocky mount.
Liberty, co. Geo. on the coast, bounded N. by
Bryan apd Tatnall cos. S. by iMaduntosh co. W.
by the Alatamaha. Pop. 6,288. Slaves, 4,808.
Chief town, Riceborough.
Liberty, p-t, and cap. Amite co. Mississippi, 65
m. from Madisonville.
Liberty, p-t. Smith co. Ten. 20 m. S. Carthage.
Liberty, p-t. Casey co. Ken. Pop. 78.
Liberty, t, Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Hamilton,
L I C
Libert^^ t. Clinton co. Olxio, 7 m. N. 'Wilminj-
'on.
Liberty, t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Liberty, t. Fairiield co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Lan-
caster.
Libert!/, t. Highland co. Ohio, in which is
Hillsborough, the seat of justice tor the county.
Liberty, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. VV. Day-
ion.
Liberty, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on Mahoning
river, 8 m. S. E. Warren.
Liberty, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Liberty-comer, p-v. Somerset co. N. J.
Liberty-hall, p-v. Morgan co. Geo.
Liberty-tou'n, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 12 m. N.
E. Fredericktown, 46 fr. Washington.
Libethen, t. Hungary, 122 m. E. by N. Vienna.
Pop. 1,350.
Libnah, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the plains
of Judah, given to the Levites. It is also tlie
name of an encampment of the Israelites in the
wilderness.
Libobo, small isl. on the S. E. coast of Gilolo.
Lon. 128° 25' E. Lat. 10° 48' S.
Libochowitz, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 8 m. S.
Leutmeritz. Pop. 1,100.
Libourne, t. France, iuGironde, near the junc-
tion of the Ille and the Dordogne, 20 m. N. E.
Bourdeaux. Lon. C^ 5' 11" W. Lat. A4P 55' 2"
^\ Pop. 8,000.
Libya, in Sac. Geog. a country of Africa, bor-
dering on Egypt. It consisted of three parts :
Libya proper, Libya Marmarica, and Cyrenean
Libya. The Libya mentioned Acts ii. 10. is Cy-
renean Libya, called also Pentapolis, from its 5
cities: Berenice, Arsinoe, Ptolemais, ApoUonia,
and Cyrene.
Lich, t. Germany, in Upper Hesse, 42 m. N. E.
Mentz. Pop. 1,900.
Lichfield, city, Eng. in Staffordshire. It forms,
along with Coventry, the see of a bishop, has an
elegant cathedral, and hence derives its chief sup-
port and importance, being principally inhabited
by the dignitaries of the church, and a number of
genteel fatnilies which this society attracts to the
place. The cathedral is one of the noblest reli-
gious edifices in the kingdom. The chief manu-
factures of Lichfield are of horse-sheetings and
sailcloth. It has long been famous for its excellent
ale. It sends two members to parliament. 16 m.
N. Birmingham, 125 N. W. London. Lon. 1°
50' W. Lat. 52= 41' N. Pop. 5,022.
Lichtenau, t. in the electorate of Hesse, 15m.S.
E. Cassel. Pop. 1,100. — There are several small
places of the same name in Germany. — It is also
the name of one of the settlements of the Mora-
vians, in Greenland.
Lichtenfels, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine,
23 m. xN. N. E. Bamberg. Pop. 1,650.
Lirhtevfels, one of the settlements of the Mora-
vian missionaries, on the coast of Greenland. In
1818, the congregation consisted of 318 persons.
Lichtenstadt, t. Bohemia, 5 m. N. Carlsbad.
Pop. 1,000.
i Lichtenstdg, t. Switz. in St. Gall, 27 m. E. Zu-
j rich.
Lichtenslein, principality in the S. W. of Ger-
I many, lying between Tyrol, the Voralberg, and
Switzerland. Pop. 5,000.
I Licldenstein, t. Saxony, 42 m. S. Leipsic.
I Lichtenroorden, t. Netherlands, in G uelderland,
19 m. S. E. Zutiihcn. Pop. 2,5tK:».
it "
L I E
401
Licfwin, t. Ilussia, on the Oka, 28 m. S. Kaluga.
Lon. 35° 44' E. Lat. 54^ N. Pop. 1,200.
Lick, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Licking, r. Kentucky, which falls into the Ohio,
at Newport, after a course of more than 180 miles
It is navigable 70 miles.
Licking, r. Ohio, which joins the Muskingum,
on the W. opposite Zanesville. Near its mouth,
extensive iron works are erected.
Licking, co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 6,400. Chief
town, Newark.
Licking, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Licking, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Licking, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
Zanesville.
Licking-station, p-v. Floyd's co. Kentucky.
Licky, r. Ireland, which runs into the Blackwa-
ter, 4 m. N. Youghal.
Liconda, s-p. Tripoli. Lon. 18° 10* E. Lat.
30° 3G' N.
Liconia, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana.
Licosa, Cape, cape on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Salerno. Lon. 15° 50' E. Lat 40° 15' N.
Lid, or Lyd, r. Eng. which falls into the Tamar,
4 m. fr. Tavistock.
Lido, t. Ilussia, in Grodno, 196 m. E. S.E. Ko-
nigsberg. Lon. 25° 35' E. Lat. 53° 52* N.
Liddal, r. Scotland, which forms the boundary
with England, four or five miles, till it joins the
Esk.
Lidford, v. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Lid, 8
m. from Oakhampton.
Lidlmlt, t. Sweden, 60 m. S. Jonkioping.
Lidkioping, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, 93
m. S. W. Orebro. Lon. 12° 52' E. Lat. 58° 33'
N. Pop. 1,550.
Lido di Sollomarina, the most southern of the
islands which separate the lagunes of Venice
from the sea. It has a town of the same name,
containing 2,600 inhabitants. There is an em-
bankment of fieestone, 32 feet thick, to defend
the coast next the Adriatic from the violence of
storms ; but it is now partly gone to ruin.
Lids, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon.
11° 20' E. Lat. 54° 4 IN.
Liebau, t. Moravia, 14 m. N. E. Olmutz. Lon*
17° 28' E. Lat. 49° 38' N. Pop. 800.
Liebenvihl, t. East Prussia, 76 m. S. S. VV. Ko-
nigsberg. Pop. 1,050.
Lieben, v. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 5 m. N. E.
Prague. Pop. 1,000.
Liebenau, t. Hesse-Cassel, 30 m. W. Gottin-
gen.
Liebenwerda, t. Prussian Saxony, on the
Schwarz Elster, 38 m. N. N. W. Dresden. Pop.
1,400.
Licberose, t. Prussian states, 64 m. N. bv E<
Dresden. Pop. 1,000.
Liebstadt, t. W. Prussia, 48 m. W. S. W. Pren-
zlow. Pop. 1,400.
Liechstall, t. Swiss canton of Bale, 9 m. S. E,
Bale. Lon. 7° 45' E. Lat. 47° 33' N.
Licgc, province, Netherlands, in the S. E. part
of the kingdom, surrounded by the Prussian prov-
iiK-e of the Lower Rhine, the grand duchy of
Luxemburg, and the provinces of Namur, South
Brabant, and Limburg. Extent, 2,200 sq, miles.
The aspect of the country is that of an undulating
plain, except in the S. and E. v.here it is hilly and
covered with extensive forests. Before the French
revolution, this country was subject to the bishop
of Liege, a member of the Germanic body. The
402
L I G
revenue exceeded 100,OOOZ. a year, and the bish-
opric had a reg^ular constitution ; but it is now
abolished, and the province is incorporated with
the new kingdom of the Netherlands, Its inhabi-
tants, amounting to 354,000, are for the most part
Catholics.
Liege, t. Netherlands, cap. of the preceding
proA^nce, is on the Maese, in a pleasant valley,
surrounded with cultivated hills. The town is
gloomy, and ill built. The inhabitants are ac-
tively engaged in trade and manufactures. The
principal products of the surrounding territory
are coal, iron, and alum ; also tobacco in consid-
erable quantities. Liege has very extensive iron
works ; and is particularly famous for its manu-
factures of arms. The manufactures of clock-
work are extensive ; those of nails employ in the
town and neighbourhood from 10,000 to 14,000
workmen. 14 m. S. S, W. Maastricht, 53 E. by S.
Brussels. Lon. 5° 31' E. Lat. 50° 39' N. Pop.
50,000.
Liegnilz, an extensive government of Prussian
Silesia. Extent, 4,100 sq. miles. Pop. 506,000.
The chief manufa; tures are of linen and woollen.
Li'jgnils, t. Silesia, cap, of the government of
the same name, at the conflux of the Katzbach,
the Schwartzwasser, and the Neisse. Here is an
academy, with five professors. Liegnitz carries
on a considerable trade in woollens ; also in mad-
der. The population including the suburb, is
nearly 10,000. 39 m. W. by N. Breslau, 110 N.
E. Prague. Lon, 16° 12' E, Lat. 51° W N.
Lini-tcheou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-ton, on the gulf of Tunquin. Lon. 108°
39' E. Lat. 21° 40' N.
Lienz, or Luenz, t. Austrian states, in the Ty-
rol, at the conflux of the Isola and Drave. Pop.
1,500. Lon. 12° 45' E. Lat. 46° 45' N.
JAeou-kiemi. See Loochoo.
Lierre, t. Netherlands, at the junction of the
two Nethes, 10 m. S. E. Antwerp. Lon. 4° 37 E,
Lat. 51-^9' N. Pop. 9,581.
Liesna, or Leszne, v. Russia, in Mohilow, 40
m. N. by W. Czernigov,
Liesse, J\''olre Dame de, t. France, in Aisnc, 7 m,
E. N. E. Laon.
Lieuray, or Lierry, t. France, in Eure, 7 m, S.
Pont Audcmer. Pop, 1,600.
LiJJ'amatvlu, isl. in the Eastern seas, 28 miles
long, and 6 broad. Lon. 126° 18' E, Lat. 2° S.
Liffctf, r. Ireland, which rises in tiie mountains
of Wicklow, and runs into the bay of Dublin. Its
course is about 70 miles.
Lifford, t. Ireland, in Donegal, on the Foyle, 2
m. W. Strabane, 11 S. S. W. Donegal,
Liffre, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 9 m. N.
E, Rennes. Pop. 2,100,
Ligne, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Dcn-
der, 15 m. N, V/. Mons.
Lignierc la Doucelk, t. France, in Mayenne, 12
m. N, Vilaine. Pop. 2,700.
Lignieres, t. France, in Cher, 24 m. S. Bourp-es.
Pop. 2,200.
Lignv, t. France, in Mcnse, on the Ornain, 9
m. S. E. Bar le Due. Lon. 5° 18' E. Lat. 48°
39' N. Pop. 2,850.
Ligny, v. Netherlands, in Namur, the scene of
battl'-' between the Prussians atnl French, nn the
18th June 1815. 3 m. N. E. Fleurus, 11 ^V. N.
W. ^^amur,
Ligny le Chateau, t, France, in Yonnc, 6 m. S,
S E.' Ficrentin. Pop. 1,250.
L I M
Ligonton, t, Amelia co, Va. 4 m. fr. Appomatox
river.
Ligor, Island of. See Tantalam.
Ligore, t. JVlalay peninsula, subject to Siam.
Lon. 100° 35' E. Lat. 8° 18' N.
Ligre, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 6 m, S, by
E. Chinon. Pop. 1,000.
Ligueil, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 21 m. S.
Tours. Pop. 2.000.
Lihons, t. France, in Somme, 18 m. E. Amiens.
Likiang-fou, a city of Yunnan, in China, on
the frontier of Thibet Lon. 100°8' E. Lat. 26^
52' N.
Lila, s-p. Abyssinia, 48 m. S. S. E. Arkeeko.
Lille. See Lisle.
Lillers, t, France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6 m. W. N.
W. Bethune. Pop. 4,100.
Lillo, a small fortress, Netherlands, on the N.
bank of the Scheldt, 9 m, N. W. Antwerp, 12 ?.
Bcrgen-op-Zoom,
Lilly Point, p-v. King William co. Va.
Lilundo. See Lelunda.
Lima. See Ponte de Lima.
Lima, r. which rises in Spanish Galicia, and
crossing Portugal, enters the Atlantic in lat. 41'^"
40' N,
Lima, province, Peru, bounded N. by Truxillo,
E. by Tarma and Guancavelica, W. by the Pacif-
ic, and S. by Arequipa.
Lima, city, S. America, and cap. of the king-
dom of Peru ; also called Ciudad de Ins Reyes, or
City of Kings, was founded in 1535, by Pizarro.
It is situated in the spacious and delightful valley
of Rimac, an Indian word, and the true name of
the city itself. It is surrounded with a brick wall,
flanked with 34 bastions, but without platforms or
embrasure ; the intention of it being merely to in-
close the city, and render it capable of sustaining
any sudden attack of the Indians. The houses,
though low, are generally commodious, and of a
handsome appearance. 'They are constructed of
wood, on account of the frequent earthquakes.
The grand square in the middle of the city is of
great extent and beauty. In the centre is a large
and magnificent fountain. On its sides are the ca-
thedral and the archbishop's palace, the viceroy's
palace, the town-house and prison. The other
principal buildings of the city are the churches
and chapels, which are partly built of stone, and
decorated in the most splendid style, with paint-
ing's and ornaments of tlie greatest value. The
number of inhabitants in 1795, was 52,627, of
whom about 20,00<3 were whites, and the rest ne-
gi"oes, Indians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. Of the
whites about 3,000 were monks and nuns. Luxu-
ry in dress, and a fondness for splendid retinues,
constitutes the prevailing passion of the inhabit-
ants of Lima ; and the public walks and malls are
always crowded with carriages. All classes are
fond of fine clothing, and wear the richest stuffs of
Europe as ordinary dresses.
Lima, besides being the capital of Peru, has al-
ways been the emporium of the kingdom. The
principal exports are gold and silver. The Euro-
pean goods in greatest request in Lima, and gen-
erally in Peru, are silk, superfine cloth, lace, fine
linen, and other articles of luxury a,ndshow. Cut-
lery, and all instruments of iron are also in great
request. Lima is about 2 leagues from the coast,
and 30 from the Cordilleras. Lon. 77° 7' 30" W.
Lat. 12° 2' 34" S.
Lima, or ChftrlcFfon, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 16
L I M
m. W. Cauaudaigua, 30 E. Balavia, 224 fr. Alba-
ay. Pop. 1,474.
Liman, r. Chili, which, after a course of 32
leagues, falls into the Pacific ocean. JLat. 30°
32' S.
Limay, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise,- on the
Seine, opposite Mantes. Pop. 1,550.
Limbcy isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast
of Celebes. Lon. 125° 10' E. Lat. 1° 18' N.
Limhurg, province, Netherlands, in the S. E.
part of the kingdom, bounded by Prussia and the
provinces of L.ege, South Brabant, Antwerp, and
North Brabant. Extent, 1,500 sq. miles. Pop.
292, (.KX). Its products are corn, pulse, tobacco,
flax, and fruit. Its mines of coal are said to pro-
duce annually about 150,000 tons. Maestricht is
the capital.
'Litnburg, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 18 m. E. by
S. of Liege. Pop. 3,000.
Limburg on the Lahn, t. Germany, in Nassau,
32 m. N. Mentz. Lon. 8° 3' E. Lat. 50° 20' N.
Pop. 2,700.
Limburg, or Hohen-Limburg, t. Prussian states,
20 m. W. Arensburg. Pop. 1,200.
Liine, r. Eng. in Dorsetshire, which falls into
the sea at Lyme Regis.
Lime creek, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Limdvousey parish, Eng. 2 m. E. London. Pop.
7,386.
Limehouse River, r. Honduras, which runs into
the bay of Honduras in lon. 85° 54' W. lat. 15°55' N.
Limekibis, s-p. Scotland, in Fifeshire. It ex-
ports great quantities of coal. 3 m. S. Dunferm-
line. Pop. 700.
Limekiln Bay, bay of the island of St. Christo-
pher, 1 ra. W, Basseterre.
Limerick, co. Ireland, bounded N. by the riyer
Shannon, which separates it from the county of
Clare ; S. by Cork ; N. E. and E. by Tipperary ;
W. by Kerry. Extent, 622,975 acres, or 970 sq.
miles. The land is generally fertile, and pecu-
liarly adapted for rearing sheep and other cattle.
The flat grounds, which extend along the banks
of the Shannon, are considered the richest and
most fer-tile in Ireland. Pop, 250,000, of whom
by far the greater proportion are Catholics.
Limerick, city, Ireland, and cap. of Limerick
county, on the Shannon, abovit 60 miles from its
mouth. It is large, elegant, and populous, and
justly reputed the third city in Ireland. The
principal public buildings are the custom-house,
the cathedral, and the bishop's palace. It con-
tains four Protestant churches, and eight chapels
for the Roman Catholics. There is also an exten-
sive barrack for 22 companies of foot and four
troops of horse. Limerick carries on manufac-
tures of linen, woollen, and paper. Its export
trade is also very considerable. It is a market
for American produce. Its imports are rum, su-
gar, timber, tobacco, wine, bark, salt, and coals ;
and it exports beef, pork, butter, hides, rapeseed,
and yarn. Vessels of 300 tons burden may dis-
charge their cargoes at the custom-house. Being
naturally a city of great strength, from its position
in the river Shannon, it has always been deemed
a place of considerable importance. The popula-
tion is variously estimated from 50,000 to 60,000.
94 m. S. W. Dublin. *.on. 8° 31' W. Lat. 52°
36' N.
Limerick, p-t. York co. Maine, 35 m. N. York,
30 N. W. Portland, It contains a flourishing
academy, and 2 houses for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. Here
L I N
403
are several mills erected oa a branch of Ossapee
river.
Limerick, t, Montgomery co. Pa. on the Schuyl-
kill, 4m. below Polt's grove. Pop. 1,282.
Limesol, s-p. Cyprus. The country around
abounds iu vineyards. Lon. 32° 30' E. Lat. 34°
45' N.
Limestoncy co. Alabama, on the N. side of Teu-
nessee river. Chief town. Cotton Port.
Limestone creek, r. Tennessee, the N. E. branch
of Nolachucky river.
Limestone valley, the valley between the Blue
Ridge, and Alleghany range of mountains in
Virginia.
Limeuil, t. France, at the conflux of the Vezer-
re and the Dordogne, 9 m. S. Periguex. Pop.
850.
Liminztoji, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river,
40 m. N.Saco. Pop. 1,174.
Limmat, r. Switzerland, which rises in the Alps,
about 11 m. S. of Claris, passes through the lake
and town of Zurich, and afterwards falls into the
Aar.
Limme, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 7i m. N. \V. Neth-
er Knutsford. Pop. 1,908.
Limoeiro, t. Brazil, on the Capibaribe, 60 m.
N. E. Pernambuco.
Limoges, t. France, in Upper Vienne, on the
right bank of the Vienne, 110 m. N. E. Bourdeaux,
and 250 S. by W. Paris. Lon. 1° 15' E. Lat. 45°
49' N. Pop. 20,255.
Limogne, t. France, in Lot, 17 m. E. Cahors.
Pop. 1,200.
lAmona dt la Trou, t. Hispaniola, 10 m. S. E.
Cape Francois.
Limone, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. N. E. Tenda, 10
S. Coni. Pop. 3,100.
Limones, Purita, cape on the N. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 75° 50' VV. Lat. 21° 25' N.
Limosani, t. Naples, 17 m. N. E. Molise. Pop.
2,400.
Limours, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 16 m.
S. W. Paris. Pop. 900.
Limousin, or Limosin, before the revolution a
province of France, which now forms the depart-
ment of the Upper Vienne and the Correze.
Limour, t. France, in Aude, on the river Aude.
15 m. S. \V. Carcassonne. Pop. 5,200.
Linacagan, isl. one of the Calamiaues. Lou.
120° 10' E. Lat. 11'^40'N.
Linais, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 16 m. S. E.
Limoges. Pop. 1,500.
Lilian, r. AVales, which runs into tlie Irish sea,
5 m. S. Caernarvon.
Linares, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 26 m. N. by E.
Jaen. Pop. 5,650.
Linchanchia, t. Yucatan, 25 m. N. Merida.
Lincoln, a maritime county, Eng. on the E.
coast, between the estuaries of the H umber and
tlie Wash. It is bounded E. by the German ocean,
N. by the river Huraber, W. by York, Notting-
ham, and Leicester, and S. by Rutland, North-
ampton, and Cambridge. Extent, 2,787 sq. miles,
or 1 ,783,680 acres. Throughout the whole of tlie
eastern half of the county the land is uruformly
low, marshy, and fenny. The fens were formerly
inundated by the sea, but being protected by
great embankments, form now one of the richest
tracts in the kingdom. The drainage of them has
been in a great measure accomplished within the
last 40 or 50 years ; it is still going on, and is per-
haps one of the greatest worlcs ever undertaken in
the kingdom. Mr. Young reckons, that for 30
404
L I N
L I N
years prerious to 1808, not less than 150,000 acres
bad been recovered. The fiertility of the improv-
ed lands is extraordinary. They are adapted to
all the ordinary crops, but are chiefly devoted to
grazing. Pop. in 1811,237,891 ; of whom 29,881
families were employed in agriculture ; 13,184 in
trade and manufactures ; and 7,839 otherwise.
Lincoln, city, Eng. cap. of Lincolnshire, on the
N. bank of the Witham. It is a city of great anti-
qtrity, and is the see of a bishop, whose diocese is
the most extensive in the kingdom. The town is
ill built, and has greatly declined from its former
splendour. The cathedral is mucli admired for
its elegant architecture. Besides the cathedral,
there are eleven churches, and also places of wor-
ship for Roman Catholics, Independent Baptists,
Calvinists, and Methodists. 21 m. W. Horncastle,
51 N. by W. Peterborough, 129 N. by W. London.
Lon. 0034'W. Lat. 53° 14' N. Pop. in 1811,
8,861.
Lincoln, co. Niagara district. Up. Canada, on
Niagara river, at its mouth.
Lincoln, t. Sunbury co. New-Brunswick, on the
W. side of St. John's river.
Lincoln, co. Maine, on both sides of the Kenne-
bcck, at its mouth, bounded N. by Kennebeck co.
E. by Hancock co. S. by the Atlantic, and W. by
Cumberland CO. Pop. 42,992. Chief town, Wis-
Lincoln, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 27 m. N. W.
Cactine.
Lincoln, t. Grafton co. N. H. 58 m. N. Concord.
Poi . 100.
Lincoln, t. Addison co. Vt. 21 m. S. W. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 225.
Lincoln, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 713.
Lincoln, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop. 16,359.
Slaves, 2,489. Chief town, Lincolnton.
Lincoln, co. Geo. on Savannah river. Pop.
4,555. Slaves, 2,2l2. Chief town, Lincolnton.
Lincohi, CO. West-Teimessee, on Elk river.
Pop. 6,104. Slaves, 720. Chief town, Fayette-
ville.
Lincoln, co. Ken. Pop. 8,676. Slaves, 2,341.
Chief town, Stanford.
Lincoln, t. Mercer co. Ken. on Dick's river, 12
m. S. E. Danville, 11 N. W. Crab-orchard.
Lincoln, co. Missouri.
Lincolnton, p-t. Lincoln co. N. C. 41 m. fr.
Charlotte, 46 fr. Morgantown.
Lincolnton, p-t. and cap. Lincoln co. Geo. 40 m.
Jv. W. Augusta.
Lincolnvilk, or Ducktrap, p-t. Hancock co.
Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot bay, 16 m.
'W. Castine. Pop. 1,013.
Lindfrn, t. Bavaria, built on three islands on the
lake of Constance, 25 m. E. Constance. Lon. 9°
40M"E. Lat. 47° 31' 44" N.
Lindau, t. Hanover, 10 m. N. E. Gottingen.
Fop. 1,100.
Lindau, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Kothen, 5 m. N.
Zerbst. Pop. 1,450.
Lindenfels,i. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22
m. N. E. Manheim.
Lindley, t. Enij. in Yorksliire, 2 m. fr. Hudders-
field. Pop. 1,680.
Lindley s store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Lindley\i store, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Lindo, isl. on the coast of Eastern Africa, at the
mouth of the Zambese.
Lindo, Cape, promontory on the W, coast of
the island of Cerigo. Lon. 40® 34' E. Lat. 36"
27' iN.
Li7idolo, t. Portugal, in Entre-Ducro-e-MinhQ,
57 m. N.N. E. Oporto.
Lindou, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 37
m. N. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 1,()00.
Lindsley town, p-v. in-Painted post, N. Y.
Lindy, r. E. Africa, which falls into the IndiaQ
sea, in lat. 9° 58' S.
Lingan, r. Ireland, which runs into the Suir, 2
m. below Carrick-upon-Suir.
Lingen, county of Germany, divided into Up-^
per and Lower, the former belonging to Russia*
the latter to Hanover. Pop. 25,000.
Lingen, t, Hanover, on the Elbe, 40 m. N. W.
Muuster.
Lingen hie, isl. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra,
50 miles long, and 30 broad.
Lingholm, ?mall isl. among the Orkneys. Lon.
0O27'E. Lat. 50° 59' N.
Ling-tao, city, China, in Shansee. Lon. 106°
34'E.^Lat. 25°22'N.
Lingua Grossa, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona.
9 m. W. Taormina. Pop. 4,000.
Linguetta, Cape, cape, Eu. Turkey, in Alba-
nia, at the entrance of the Adriatic. Lat. 40°
36' N.
Lingwick, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
80 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Linhares, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montee, 19
m. S. Mirandola. Pop. 1,000.
Linitan, small isl. 5 m. N. Serangan. Lon. 125"
21' E. Lat. 5° 36' S.
Linkioping, a government of Sweden, situated
along the Baltic, S. of Stockholm. Extent, 3,280
sq. miles. Pop. 163,000.
Linkioping, t. Sweden, and cap. of the above
government, 112 m. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 15°
32' E. Lat. 58° 23' N. Pop. 3,000.
Linkness, cape, Scotland, on the N. W. coast of
the island of Stronsa. Lou. 0° 26' E. Lat. 59<»
4'N.
Linlithgow, or West-Lothian, a county of Scot-
land, bounded N. by the frith of Forth, E. by Mid-
Lotlaian, S. by Mid-Lothian and Lanarkshire, and
W. by the latter county and Stirling. Extent,
1 12 square miles, or 71,580 acres, 58,000 of which
are cultivated. Pop. in 1811, 19,451.
Linlitligoic, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap.
of Linlithgowshire, is on the N. slope of a hill,
about 2 m. from the Avon. It is of great antiqui-
ty, and contains tlie remains of ancient magnifi-
cence. At the N. side of the town stands the roy-
al palace, now in ruins. The chief manufacture
is the tanning of leather, and tlie making of shoes.
It was anciently a place of great trade. 16 m. W.
Edinburgh, 8 E. Falkirk. Pop. 2,557.
Linnhe, Loch, an arm of the sea, on the W.
coast of Scotland, which separates the counties of
Inverness and Argyle.
Linnich, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Bcrg. Lon. 6= 13' E. Lat. 50° 57' N. Pop. 2,100.
Linthvaile, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Hudders-
field. Pop. 1,643.
Linton, v. Scotland, in Peebles co. 16J m. 'W.
Edinburgh.
Linton, t. Eng. in Cambridge co. 10 m. S. E.
Cambridge, 40 N. London! Lon. 0° 16' E. Lat.
52° 6' N. Pop. 1,873.
Lints, t. Austrian states, at the influx of the
Traun into the Danube. It is a well built town,
and a bishop's see. Here is a great woollen man-
L I S
afactory, established by the government, which
gives employment, directly or indirectly, to near-
ly 30,000 individuals in the town and country. 94
m. W, Vienna, 42 E. S. E. Passau. Lon. 14° 16'
E. Lat. 48° 18' N. Pop. 17,000.
Linlz Green, t. Eng. in Durham, 8 m. S. W.
Gateshead. Pop. 868.
LiyiSj t. Prussian states, on the Rhine, 23 m. S.
S. E. Cologne. Pop. 1,400.
Lion Core, small bay in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 74° 25' W. Lat. 53° 26' S.
Lion Marin, Baye de, bay on the S. coast of
Kcrguclen's Land. Lon. 68° 51' E. Lat. 49°
32' S.
Lion Mountain, a mountain in the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, rising almost immediately
behind Cape Town.
Lions, t. France, in Eure, 15 vo. E. Rouen. Pop.
1,850.
Lions cf Angers, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
10 m. N. N. W. Angers. Pop. 1,800.
Lipari Islands, a group of 12 islands in the Tus-
can sea, belonging to Sicily, and situated between
the N. coast of that island and the Italian conti-
nent. Thev extend from 13° 15' to 15° 39' E. lon.
and from 38° 20' to 38° 60' N. lat. The whole
group bears evident marks of a volcanic origin.
Four of the islands only are inhabited. The collec-
tive population somewhat exceeds 20,000. Their
principal exports are alum, sulphur, nitre, and
other volcanic products, such as pumice stone,
with which they supply a great part of Europe.
Lipari, the largest of the group, is 20 miles from
Melazzo, in Sicily, and 40 from Cape Vaticano,
on the Italian continent. It has an extent of about
100 square miles. Pop. 15,000. It produces large
quantities of good wine. Lipari, the chief town
of the island, is on a bay, on the E. side.
Lipes, t. Peru, and cap. of a province of the
same name, is in lon. 68° 16' W. lat. 21° 40' S.
Lipezk, t. Eu. Russia, on the Woronez. Its
c:hief establishment is a foundry of cannon for the
navy. 90 m. W. Tambov. Lon. 39° 50' E. Lat.
£2° 50' N. Pop. 5,650.
Lipnitza, t. Hungary, 47 m. W. N. W. Kesmark.
Pop. 3,300.
Lippa, t. Hungary, 84 m. N. by E. Belgrade.
Lon. 21° 50' E. Lat. 46° 5' N. Pop, 2,500.
Lippe, r. Germany, which falls into the Rhine
cbove Wesel. Orders were given (July, 1819),
to make it navigable by means of sluices, to Pa-
vlerborn.
Lippe-Detmold, principality, Germany, on tho
left bank of the Weser, between the Prussian
states and the kingdom of Hanover. Extent, 434
square miles. Pop. 73,000, chiefly Calvinists.
Lippenhtiiczen, v. Holland, in Friesland, 17 m.
Si. E. Lecuwarden. Pop. 950.
Lippspring, t. Prussian states, 4 m. N. Pader-
lorn. Pop. 800.
Lippstadf, t. Prussian states, on the Lippe, 38
n. S. E. Munster. Pop. 3,700.
Lipsk, t. Russia, in Minsk, 28 m. W. S. W.
fluck. Pop. 1,000.
Liptau, or Lipto- Varmegi/e, a palatinate in the
N. of Hungary. The chief town is Szent-Miklos.
I'op. 64,000.
Lire, Vieille, and J^ouvelle, two towns, France,
ia Eure, 14 m. N. W. Verneuil.
Liria, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. N. N. W. Va-
lencia. Pop. 9,000.
Lis, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Yenisei,
Nlon. 90° 14' E. lat. 62° 20' N.
L I S
405
Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is on the N.
bank of the Tagus, which here expands into a fine
body of water, 9 miles in breadth. The appear-
ance of Lisbon at a distance, is extremely beauti-
ful, picturesque, and majestic. But the interior
of the city ill corresponds to its external beauty.
Lisbon lies along the river, in the form of a half-
moon, four miles in length, and from a mile to a
mile and a half in breadth. It is unfortified, and
open on all sides. It is divided into three parts,
called Alfama, Bairro Alto, and Melo ; it has also
three suburbs, to which may be added Belem, a
pleasant town immediately adjoining Lisbon on
the west. Belem enjoys in its upper part a pure
air and delightful prospect. It has in consequence
long been the residence of the court. LisboB
stands on three hills, the most westerly of which
begins at a small river, flowing between the city
and Belem. The number of public buildings in
Lisbon is very considerable, there being in all 40
parish churches, 99 chapels, 75 convents or mo-
nasteries, and various hospitals. There are also
thirteen squares, great and small. But of archi-
tectural curiosities, the greatest is the aqueduct,
which, though not half a mile in length, passes in
one part through a tunnel, in another across a de-
file. It is to the north of the city, and is partly of
Roman, partly of Gothic architecture ; the princi-
pal arch is Gothic, of the width of 107 feet, and is
accounted one of the finest specimens of the kind
in Europe. It is of such solidity, that at the great
earthquake it withstood the shock, though the key-
stone sunk several inches.
The earthquake of November 1st, 1755, the
most violent in modem times, destroyed all the
public buildings, and 6,000 of the dwelling houses.
The loss of lives was computed at more than
30,000. Lisbon is tlie seat of the public offices
not only of the government, but of the church. It
is well provided with hospitals. The royal hos-
pital, called St. Joseph, is an excellent institution.
The number of patients admitted in a year
amounts frequently to 12,000 or 15,000. The
commerce of Lisbon is very great, comprising all
the colonial, and perhaps three-fourths of the for-
eign trade of the kingdom. The harbour is un-
commonly capacious and safe. With Spain a great
deal of smuggling takes place in sugar, tobacco,
and spices. 313 m. W. by S. Madrid, 9 E. of the
mouth of the Tagus. Lon. 9° 8' 25" W. Lat. 38°
42'20"N. Pop. 230,000.
Lisbon, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, 23 m. \V. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,614.
Lisbon, t. New-London co. Ct. on the Quine-
bang, 7 m, N, Norwich, 45 S. E. Hartford. Pop.
1,128.
Lisbon, p-t, St, Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv-
er St. Lawrence, 3 m. below Ogdensburg. Pop.
820.
Lisbon, t. Lincoln co. Geo. on Savannah river,
at the junction of Broad river.
Lisbon, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
Lisburn, t. Ireland, in Antrim co, on the W.
bank of the Lagan, 7 m. S. S. W. Belfast, 16 N. N.
W. Downpatrick.
Lisburn, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Lisburn, Cape, cape on the island of Spiritu
Santo, one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 166° 57' E,
Lat, 15° 41' S.
Lisbume, Cape, cape on the N. W. coauit of
America. Lat. 69° 5' N.
Lisca Bianco, the smallest of the Lipari islands,
10 m. N. E. Lipari,
406
L I T
Lisianka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 112 m. S. Kie^'.
Pop. 2,730.
Lisieux, t. France, in Calvados, on the Orbec
and the Gassey. It is 14 m. from the English chan-
nel, 30 E. Caen, and 116 W. N. W. Paris. Lon. 0°
14' E. Lat. 49° 9' N. Pop. 10,200.
Liskeard, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 17 ni. S. W, Ta-
vistock, 222 W, by S. London. Lon. 4^^ 27' W.
Lat.50'^27'N. Fop. 1,975.
Liskova, t. Eu . Russia, on the Wolga, 34 m. E.
Niznei-Novgorod.
Lisle, or Lille, city, France, cap. of the depart-
ment of the North, on the Deule. Lisle, like most
towns of Flanders, stands in a dead flat, tlie soil of
which is rich and productive. Lisle presents an
imposing appearance, from its extent, its fortifica-
tions, its canals, its squares, and its public build-
ings. Few cities of France can vie with it in the
straightness and width of its streets, the regularity
of its buildings, and its general air of neatness.
Lisle is a fortress of the first rank. Its citadel,
the chef d? (Euvre of Vauban, is the first in Europe
after that of Turin. It is a mile in circuit, and is
situated to the N. W. of the town, from which it is
separated by a spacious esplanade and a canal. It
is surrounded by a double moat. Though distant
from the sea, tlie trade of Lisle is extensive. Its
manufactures consist of camlets, seizes, and other
woollen stuffs ; cotton, calico, linen, silk, velvet,
lace, carpets, soap, starch, tobacco, leather, glass,
and earthenware. 18 m. E. Tournay, 145 N. N.
E.Paris. Lon. 3'^ 4' E. Lat. 50° 37' N. Pop. in
1817, 61,500.
Lisle, t. France, in Vaucluse, 12 m. E. Avig-
non. Lon. 5° E. Lat. 43° 55' N. Pop. 5,200.
Lisle, t. France, in Dordogne, 12 m. N. W.
Perigueux. Pop. 1,230.
Lisle, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. 15 m. N. Bingham-
lon, 120 from Albany. Pop. 2,157.
Lismore, one of the Hebrides or Western isl-
emds, on the coast of Scotland, 10 miles long, and
from 1 to 2 broad, in the mouth of Loch Lynhec,
nearly opposite the S. extremity of Mull sound, 25
m. N. N. W. Inverary. Lon. 5° 35' Vv . Lat. 56°
34' N. Pop. 1,323.
Lismore, t. Ireland, in Waterford co. on the S.
bank of the Blackwater. It is the see of a bishop.
26 m. N. E. Cork, 31 W. S. W. Waterford. Lon.
7° 57' W. Lat. 52° 8' N.
Lisonzo, r. Austrian Italy, in Friuli, which falls
into the gulf of Trieste.
Lissa, t. Prussian Poland, near the borders of
Silesia. Of the 7,600 inhabitants, the half are
Jews. 44 m. S. S. W. Posen, 65 W. Kalisch. Lon.
16°35'E. Lat. 5 F 55' N.
Lissa, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the coast
of Austrian Dalmatia, W. of Lesshia. It is moun-
tainous and thinly peopled, but produces wine,
olives, almonds and figs. It has a good harbour
and an extensive fishery. 56 m. W. Ragusa. Lon.
17° E. Lat. 42° 59' N.
Lissa, t. Silesia, on the Weistritz, 7 m. W. N.
W, Breslau.
Lissabatta, t. on the N. coast of Ceram. Lon.
128° 44' E. Lat. 2° 35' S.
Lissau, or Lissa, t. Bohemia, near the Elbe, 17
miles E by N. Prague. Pop. 2,100.
Listvennifchna, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, 176 m.
E. N. E. Nertschinsk.
Lisy, t. France, in Seinc-and-Marnc, 9 m. N. E.
Meaux. Pop. 1,200.
Liszka, t. Hungary, on the Bodrog. Lon. 21°
26' 17" Lat. 48"^ 14' 26" N.
Lilcfifield, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 25 m. N. W.
Wiscasset, 10 from Hallowell. Pop. 1848.
Litchfield, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the
Merrimack, 26 m. S. Concord. Pop. 382.
Litchjield, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachusetts,
E. by Hartiord co. S. by New-Haven and Fairfield
COS. and W. by New- York. Pop. 41,375.
Litchfield, p-t. and cap. of Litchfield co. Ct. 30
m. W. Hartford; 38 N. N. W. New-Haven. Lon.
73° 15' W. Lat. 41° 42' N. Fop. in 1810, 4,639.
It is an elevated township ; Mount Tom, near the
S. W. corner, is 700 feet above the river at its
base. Litchfield Great pond, the largest in the
state, is a beautiful sheet of water, comprising au
area of about 900 acres. At its outlet, are nu-
merous valuable mill-seats. There are in Litch-
field 4 forges, 1 slitting mill, 1 nail manufactory, 18
saw mills, 6 fulling mills, 5 large tanneries, be-
sides several other manufacturing establishments.
There are 8 houses of public v.-orship ; 4 for Con-
gregationalists, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Bap-
tists. In the society of South Farms, is Morris
academy, a flourishing institution, established in
1790. The Latin and Greek languages are taught
at tliis seminary, and particular attention is paid
to the morals of the students.
Litchfield village, incorporated in 1818, is
pleasantly situated along the summit of a hill, com-
manding an extensive and delightful prospect. It
contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 meeting-
houses, and 84 dwelling-houses. Here, also, is
a private school for young ladies, which main-
tains a very distinguished reputation. The
Litchfield Law School was established in 1784, by
the Hon. Tapping Reeve. In 1798, the Hon. James
Gould was associated as a joint instructor. This
has been justly considered as the most respectable
and systematic law school in the United States.
The number of students educated since its estab-
lishment is more than 600.
Litchjield, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 miles S. W.
Herkimer, 10 S. Utica. Pop. 2,533.
Litchfield, p-t. Grayson co. Ken.
Lithuania, the former name of an extensive
country, between Poland and Prussia, and now
forming the three Russian governments of Wilna,
Grodno, and Minsk. It was divided into two
parts, called Samogitia and Lithuania proper.
Lithuania was annexed to Poland towards the end
of the 14th century.
Liliz, p-t. in Warwick township, Lancaster co.
Pa. on a branch of Conestoga creek, 8 m. N. Lan-
caster, 66 W. by N. Philadelphia. It is settled by
Moravians, and contains about 300 inhabitants, a
church and an academy.
LitrT/, t. France, in Calvados, 6 m. S. W. Ba-
yeux.
Littau, t. Moravia, 8 m. N. N. E. Olmutz. Lon.
16°59'E. Lat. 59° 28' N. Pop. 2,200.
Littermore, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 40' W. Lat. 53= 17' N.
Little beaver, r. which rises in Ohio, and joins
Ohio river in Pennsylvania.
Little bearer bridge, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Little Cape Capon, p-v. Hampshire co. Va.
Little Compton, p-t. Newport co. R. I. on the
coast, 30 m. S. E. Providence. Pop. 1,553.
Little creek, t. Kent co. Del. Pop. 2,039.
Little creek, t. Sussex co. Del. Pop. 3,840.
Little falls, p-v. in Herkimer, N. Y. There is
a canal round Little falls in tlie Mohawk, in this
place.
Liftk Mackinaw, r. Illinois, which now runs into
L I V
L I V
407
the E. side of Illinois river, 15 m. below Fort
Clark. It is navigable 90 miles.
Little Missouri, t. Arkansaw Territory, on Lit-
tle Missouri river, a S. branch of the Wachitta.
Little Plymouth, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va.
Little Red, r. Arkansaw Territory, which falls
into the W. side of White river, 200 nx. above its
mouth. Here is a post office.
Little rest, p-v. in South Kingston, and cap. of
Washington co. R. I. It contains a court-house,
a bank, and a Congregational church.
Litte river, r. which rises in N. C. and runs into
the Pedee. It forms part of the boundary between
N. Carolina and S. Carolina.
Little river, r. Geo, which runs into the Savan-
nah 30 m. above Augusta.
Little river, r. Geo. which runs into the Oconee
about 12 m. above Milledgeville.
Little river, r. Christian co. Ken. which runs
into the E. side of the Cumberland.
Little river, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa-
bash, above Vincennes.
Little rock, village, Arkansaw Territory, on Ar-
kansaw river, about 300 miles above the post of
Arkansaw. The settlement was commenced in
1820. The land is elevated, and has good springs
of water.
Little Sandy Salt-works, p-v. Greenup co. Ken.
Littlestown, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 287.
Littleton, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river. 75 m. N. Concord. Pop. 876. Here is a
bridge across the river to Concord.
Littleton. See Waterford, Vt.
Littleton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 28 m. W.N.
W. Boston. Pop. 773.
Littletown, p-t. Sussex co. Va.
Littleton' slsland,sm?i\\ isl.in the Florida stream.
Lon. 81° 40' W. Lat. 24° 42' N.
Littorate, a district of Dalmatia, on the N. coast,
including the towns of Trieste, Fiume, Buccari,
and Porto Re, with their dependencies. It now
forms a considerable part of the government of
Trieste, in the new kingdom of Illyria.
Livadia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded by Al-
bania and Thessaly on the N. by the isthmus of
Corinth on the side of the Morea, and in other di-
rections by the sea. It comprises the most cele-
brated and interesting portion of ancient Greece.
Livadia, t. Greece, cap. of the foregoing prov-
ince, is E. of Mount Helicon, 15 m. from the gulf
of Lepanto, 50 N. W. Athens, and 85 S. S. E.
Larissa. Lon, 23° 20' E. Lat. 38° 30' N. Pop.
10,000.
Liradostro, s-p. Turkey, in Livadia, on the gulf
of Lepanto, 30 m. W. N. W. Athens.
Livarot, t. France, in Calvados, 9 m. S. S. W.
Lisieux. Pop. 1,200.
Livaudiere, seigniory, Hartford co. Lower Can-
ada, 12 m. S. E. Quebec.
Liubim, t. Russia, 40 m. N. E, Jaroslavl. Lon.
40° 50' E. Lat. 58° 55' N. Pop. 1,500.
Livensa, r. Austrian Italy, which flows into the
gulf of Venice.
Liverdun, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Moselle.
Pop, 1,000.
Livermore, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the An-
droscoggin, 18 m. N. E, Paris, 78 from Portland.
Pop. 1,560.
Liverpool, s-p. Eng. in Lancashire, the princi-
pal commercial toAvn in the British dominions ex-
cept London, is situated near the mouth of the
Mersey, which opens to it a ready access from the
western sea, while a great system of canal navi-
gation affords an inland communication with all
parts of England. The Mersey affords an excel-
lent anchorage for any number of vessels of any
burden. The town extends along the E, bank of
the river about three miles, and, at an average,
about a mile inland. On the W. side of it, he the
docks, which, with the wharfs, ware-houses, &:c.
extend in an immense range along the bank of the
river. On the other side, the town is prolonged
into numerous suburbs, consisting of villas and
country houses. The houses are built of brick,
and covered with slate. The streets are mostly
spacious and airy, some of them elegant, and the
greater part lighted with gas from coal.
The buildings are in a style of costly elegance
and splendour, suitable to the taste and opulence
of its inhabitants. The principal of these are the
town-hall, exchange buildings, com exchange,
lyceum, athenaeum, Wellington-rooms, infirmary,
work-house, blue-coat school, dispensary, and asy-
lum for the blind. There are at present twenty
churches belonging to the establishment ; a greater
number of chapels belonging to various denomi-
nations of dissenters; with 4 Roman Catholic
chapels, a meeting-house for quakers, and a Jews'
synagogue. The charitable institutions are nu-
merous and well conducted. Among the literary
establishments are the royal Liverpool institution,
opened in 1317. The funds were raised by a sub-
scription of 3O,OO0Z. in 100/. shares. The Botanic
garden Avas established in 1801, by public sub-
scription, at an expense of about 10,000Z. The
exchange buildings were erected in 1803, at an
expense of upwards 100,000/. They are, perhaps,
the most splendid structure ever raised in modern
times for purposes purely commercial.
The fortunate situation in which Liverpool is
placed, has given to its commercial career an im-
pulse unknown to any other city in the old world.
The most important branch of commerce is the
trade with Ireland, whence is annually imported
from 2,300 to 2,500 cargoes of provisions, grain,
&c. for the supply of Liverpool and its shipping,
Manchester, and other populous places in the
neighbourhood; and, in return, are trans-shippe<l
salt, coals, earthen ware, &c. The second branch
of commerce is with the U. S. of America. Of
this commerce, cotton forms the chief article,
which may be termed the staple trade of Liver-
pool. In this branch, Liverpool far excels all other
ports in the kingdom. The pmount of cotton
imported, in 1818, into Liverpool, was 423,120
bales ;— London, 186,700;— Glasgow, 48,000;—
other ports, 6,700. The trade of Liverpool to
other parts of the globe is ver}' great, and rapidly
increasing ; and the opening of the out-ports to the
East India trade will probably be an important era
in her commercial histoi'y.
The most remarkable feature in tiie port ot
Liverpool, and for which it is distinguished from
all other ports in Great Britain, is the convenience
it presents in the construction and arrangements
of the docks. The whole area covered by the va-
rious docks and bnsins, when complete, will be 77
acres. The number of vessels which paid dock
duties in 1813 was 5341, measuring 547,426 tons;
and the amount of duties paidj^was 50,177/. In
1819 the number of vessels had mcreased to 7,849,
measui'ing 867,318 tons, and paying 110,127/.
The manufactures of Jiiverpool are chiefly tliose
connected with shipping, or the consumption of
the inhabitants.
Tlie city sends two members to pailiament.
408
L I Z
The populatiou has regularly and rapidly in-
creased for more than a century. In 1700 it was
only 5,000; in 1760, -iejlXK); in 1790, 36,000; in
1801, 77,653; in 1811, 94,376, exclusive of 7000
sailors, and the inhabitants in villages nearly con-
nected with the town; making, in the whole,
probably 120,000.
The town and shipping are supplied with ex-
cellent water, from springs in the vicinity, through
iron pipes, laid through all the streets. It is 17 m.
N. Chester, 37 W. Manchester, 50 S. Lancaster,
103 N. by W. Birmingham, 206 N. W. London.
Lon. 2° 59' VV. Lat. 53° 25' N.
Liverpool, t. Queen's co. Nova Scotia, on the
bay of Fundy, 32 m. N. E. Shelburne, 58 N. W.
Halifax.
Liverpool, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co. N. Y.
on the E. Shore of Onondaga lake, 3 m. from the
village of Sahna.
Liverpool, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa.
Liverpool, p-t. Medina co. Oliio, on Rocky riv-
er, 15 m. from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 15
iVom Cleveland. Here are salt works.
Liversedge. t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6i m. N. N. E.
Huddersfield. Pop. 3,643.
Livesly, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2i m. S. S. W.
Blackburn. Pop. 1,126.
Livingston, v. Scotland, in Linlithgow, 14 m.
W. Edinburgh,
Livingston, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 10 m. below Hudson, 40 below Albany. Pop.
1,651.
Livingston, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 3,474.
Slaves, 718. Chief town, Smithland.
Livingston, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. S. E.
Circleville.
Livingston's creek, r. N. C. which runs into the
W. side of the N. W. branch of Cape Fear river,
Livni, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 95 m. E. Orel.
Lon.38°22'E. Lat. 52° 58' N. Pop. 5,600.
Livonia, a maritime province in the N. W. of
Eu. Russia, bounded by Esthoniaon the N. and by
Courland on the S. Area, 21,000 sq. miles. Pop.
only 600,000. It consists of a vast tract of level
country, interspersed with numerous marshes, and
several hundred lakes. The export of corn is con-
siderable. The lower ranks in Livonia live in a
state of great degradation. Edicts have lately
been issued to lessen their vassalage.
Livonia, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 20 m. S. W. Ca-
nandaigua. Pop. 1,187.
Livomo, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m. N. Crea-
centino. Pop. 3,600.
Livron, t. France, in Drome, 10 S. Valence.
Pop. 2,100.
Ljusna, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf of
Bothnia, 8 m. S. Soderhamm.
Liusterno, isl. Sweden, in the Baltic. Lon. 18°
30' E. Lat. 59° 30' N.
Liutsin, t. Eu. Russia, in Vitepsk, 72 m. N. N.
W. Polotsk.
Lixin, or Lixheim, t. France, in Meurthe, 9 m.
W. Saverne. Pop. 1,000.
Lixuri, t. Cefalonia, 12 m. W. Cefalonia. Pop.
6,000.
Lizard Island, one of the Direction islands,
about 240 miles in circumference, 20 m. N. E.
Cape Flattery. '
Lizard Point, the S. promontory of England,
282 m. S. W. London. Lon. 5° 11' 17'' W, Lat.
49° 57' 55" N.
Lizaut, t. France, in Vicnne, near the Charente,
28 m. S. Poitiers. Pop. 1,500.
L 0 A
Llanhadarn Fawr, t. Wales, in Cardigan, oo
the Rheidal, 203 m. N. W. London. Pop. 5,258.
Llanbeder, or Llanpeter, Wales, 27 m. E. Car-
digan. Lon. 4=" 4' W. Lat. 52° 8' N. Pop. 692.
Llanberis, v. Wales, in Caernarvonshire, 10 m.
E. Caernarvon.
Llandeilo, Fawr, t. Wales, 13 m. E. Caermar-
then. Lon. 3° 59' W. Lat. 5P 53' N. Pop. 776..
Llandovery, t. Wales, in Caermarthcn co. 20 m.
W. by N. Brecon. Lon. 3° 44' W. Lat. 52° N.
Pop. 1,442.
Llandrindod, v. Wales, in Radnor co. noted for
its mineral springs. 7 m. N. Builth.
Llanelli/, t. Wales, in Caermarthen co. on the
sea-coast, at the mouth of the Bury. 16 m. S. E-
Caermarthen. Lon. 4° 8' W. Lat. 51° 41' N.
Pop. 3,891.
Llancrchymedd, t. Wales, in the island of An-
glesey, 11 ru. E. Holyhead. Lon. \'=>2l'Vf. Lat.
53° 20' N.
Llanes, harbor, on the north coast of Spain, ia
B urges, 6 m. W. St. Vincent's.
Llanfair, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 14 m. N.
Newton. Lon. 3° 20' W. Lat, 52° 39' N, Pop.
1,855.
Llanfyllin, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 24 m.
W, Shrewsbury. Lon. 3° 16' W. Lat. 53° 45' N.
Pop. 1,508.
Llangaddock, t. Wales, in Caermarthenshire, 22
m. from Brecon. Pop. 1,964.
Llangollen, t. Wales, in Denbigh co. 12 m. N.
W. Oswestry. Lon. 3° 9' W. Lat. 52^° 28' N.
Pop. 1,400. '
Llangyndiern, t. Wales, in Caermarthenshire,
226 m. W. by N. London. Pop. 2,112.
Llanidloes, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the
Severn, 13 m. S. W. of Newton, Lon, 3° 31' W,
Lat. 52° 27' N. Pop. 2,386.
Llanrwst, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the
Conway, 12 m. S. of Aberconway. Lon. 3° 47' W.
Lat. 53° 47' N, Pop. 2,502.
Llanstephan Point, cape on the S. coast of
Wales, in the Bristol channel, at the mouth of the
river Towy. Lon. 4° 25' W. Lat. 51° 48' N.
Llantrissent, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. 11m.
N. W. Cardiff. Lon. 3° 30' W, Lat. 51° 33' N-
Pop. 2,129.
Llanvilling, t. Wales, Montgomeryaliire, 15 m,
fr, Montgomery, Pop, 1,508.
Llanymynech, v. Wales, in Merionethshire, 9^
m. fr. Welch Pool.
Llerena, t. Spanish Estremadura, 63 m. N, Se-
ville, Lon. 5° 59' W. Lut. 38° 7' N. Pop. 7,300.
Llivia, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. N. E. Puy-
cerda.
Llobregat, two considerable rivers of Spain, in
Catalonia, which fall into the Mediterranean, the
one near Barcelona, and the other near Rosas-
Lloyd''s, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Lloyd's Lake, bay on the S. coast of Florida.
Lon. 80° 50' W. Lat. 25° 18' N.
Llwh Mayor, t. Majorca, 15 m. E. S. E. Palma.
Pop. 5,250.
Llulia and Chiloas, a district of Peru, to the
east of Chachapoyas. The capital, Mayobamba,
is 300 m. N. of Lima, in lon. 76° 56' W. lat. 7° S.
Llgu-or, or Lychwr, borough, Wales, in Gla-
morganshire, 212 m. W. London. Pop. 764.
Loa, port, Peru, in lat. 21° 30' S.
Loando, or Loando St. PauVs, the capital of the
Portuguese settlements on the coast of Angola, in
Africa. It is neither walled nor fortified. Lon.
13a22'E. Lat, 8° 55' S.
LOG
L O F
409
httando, ial. Africa, opposite the city of Loando,
90 miles long and one broad. Lat. 8° 50' S.
Loango, country, W. Africa, N. of the river
Zaire or Congo. Its limits are somewhat vague.
In the widest extent, it stretches from Cape St.
Catharine to the Zaire, a coast of upwards of 400
miles. The climate is said to be very fine. It is
never subject to hurricanes, nor even to violent
winds. The soil is in general very fertile. The
lakes and rivers abound with fish, and the forests
with game. These gifts of nature are very little
improved by an indolent people. The inhabit-
ants are not supposed by Degrandpre to exceed
60(',000. The government is despotic, and the
dignity is transmitted only in the female line.
The object for which, almost exclusively, Euro-
peans have resorted to this coast, is the trade in
slaves.
Loango, city of, capital of the kingdom of Loan-
go. The land in the vicinity is extremely fertile,
and the water excellent. The entrance of the
bay of Loango is attended with danger, in conse-
quence of a bank of rocks stretching half way
across it. According to captain Tuckey's obser-
vations, it is in Ion. 12° 3(y E. lat. 4° 40' N. Pop.
about J 5,000.
Loano, or Lavano, t. Sardinian states, on the
gulf of Genoa, 35 m. S. W. Genoa. Pop. 3,500.
Lobau, or Liebe, t. Saxony, 13 ra. S. E. Baut-
zen. Pop. 2,400.
Lobau, isl. in the Danube, a few miles below
Vienna
Lobau, t. West Prussia, 44 m. E. Culm. Pop.
1,300.
Lobeda, t. Saxe-Weimar, on the Saale, 3 m. S.
Jena. Pop. 1,000.
Lobegun, i. Prussian Saxony, 29 m. N. by W.
Leipsic. Pop. 1,800.
Lobenstein, t. Germany, 26 m. N. Bayreuth.
Pop. 2,700.
Lobnitz, V. Prussian Saxony, 20 ra. N. by E.
Leipsic.
Lobos, one of the Canary islands, near the N.
point of Forteventura. Lon. 13^40' W. Lat. 28°
60' N.
Lohos, small isl. S. America, at the mouth of the
La Plata river, 15 m. S.W. Cape St. Maria. Lon.
54° 35' W. Lat. 35° T S.
Lobos, islands near the coast of Peru. Lat. 6°
25' S. They are also called Sea Wolves, or Seals
Islands.
Lobos Key, or Seal Key, small isl. among the
Bahamas. Lon. 77° 44' W. Lat. 22° 45' N.
Lobsens, or Lobzenico, t. West Prussia, 57 m.
W. N. W. Thorn. Pop. 2,000.
Loburg, t. Prussian Saxony, 22 m. E. Magde-
burg. Pop. 1,600.
Locana, t. Piedmont, 23 m. N. W. Turin. Pop.
5,000.
Locarno, one of the Italian bailiwics, ceded to
Switzerland by the duke of Milan in 1512, on the
N. W. coast of Lake Maggiore. Pop. nearly
20,000.
Locarno, cap. of the Swiss canton of the Ticino,
situated near Lake Maggiore, 23 m. S. W. Chia-
venna. Lon. 8° 35' E. Lat. 45° 39' N. Pop.
1,500.
Lochaber, a district of Scotland, in Inverness-
shire. It is one of the most dreary, mountainous,
and barren districts in Scotland.
Lochaher, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Otta-
wa river.
Lochar Water, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire,
52
which falls into the Solway frith, near Black-
shaws.
Lochem, t. Nefherlr.nds, in Cuelderland, on the
Borkel, lOm. E. Zuti-nen. Pop. 1,400.
Lockes, t. France, in Jndre-and-Loire, 21 m.
S. S. W. Tours. Lon. 0° 34' E. Lat. 47° 7' N.
Pop. 4,500.
Lochmaben, royal burgh, Scotland, in Dumfries-
shire 8^ ra. N. E. Dumfries.
Lochrusbeg, bay on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° '23' W. Lat. 54° 46' N.
Lochia,, t. Sweden, on the gtflf of Bothnia, 29
m. S Tornea. Lon. 24° 16' E. Lat. 64° 20' N.
Lochvilza, t. Eu. llussia, in Poltava, 1 12 m. S.
E. Czernigov. Pop. 4,500.
Lochwinnoch, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, 4
m. E. Kilbirnie.
Lochy, r. Scotland, in Perthshire, which falls
into the W . end of Loch Tay.
Lochy, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which
falls into the sea near Fort William.
Lockartsburg. See Athens, Pa.
Lockem, v. Hanover, 9 m. JSf. W. Hanover.
Pop. 1,100.
Lockenitz, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 16 m. N.
Prentzlow.
Lockerbie, t. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, 12 m.
N. E. Dumfries. Pop. 900.
Locke, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 23 m. S. E. Au-
burn. Pop. 2,388. The S. part of the township
now constituten the town oi Division.
Lockwood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Hud-
dersfield. Pop. 1,449.
Lockwood, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Lode, t. Swiss canton of Neufchatel, 8 m. N.
W. Neufchatel. Pop. 800.
Locmine, t. France, in Morbihan, 10 m. S. Pon-
tivy. Pop. 1,800.
Lodden, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames
near Twyford.
Lodebar Academy. See Sumterville.
Lodeve, t. France, in Herault, on the Lergues.
It has manufactures of cloths, silk stuffs and bats.
29 m. W. IViontpeiier. Lon. 3° 19' E. Lat. 43°
43' N. Pop. 8,000.
Lodi, province of Austrian Italy, in the govern-
ment of Milan. Extent, 390 square miles. Pop.
141,000.
Lodi, t. Austrian Italy, cap. of the above prov-
ince, on the Adda. One of the most daring ex-
ploits of Bonaparte's military career, was per-
formed here in 1796, by forcing with the bayonet
the passage of the bridge over the Adda, though
defended by 10,000 Austrian?. 16 m. N. E. Pavia,
17 S. E. Milan. Lon. 9° 30. E. Lat. 45° 18' N.
Pop. 12,500.
Lodi Vecchio, (an. Lav^ Pompeii,) v. Austrian
Italy, 3 m. from Lodi.
Lodo, Cape, or Mad cape, on the coast of Louisi-
ana, at the mouth of the Mississippi. Lon. 71° 42"
W. Lat. 29° 10' N. '
Lodomeria. See Galicia.
Loeches, v. Spain, 20 m. E. Madrid.
Loevestein, or Lowenstein, fort, Netherlands, in
Guelderland, at the W. point of the island of
Bommelwaert, 18 m. E. S. E. Rotterdam.
Lojffingen, t. Baden, 3 m. VV. S. W. Huiffingen.
Pop. 850.
Lofoden, group of islands on the coast of Nor-
way," between 67° 30' and 68° 45' N. lat. They
consist of 5 large, and several smaller islands.
Pop. 3000 to 4000. The annual value of the fish
caught here is estimated at 12,000/.
410
L O I
Lofsta, or Hammerwerke, t. Sweden, in Upland,
40 m. N. Upsal.
Loftus' heights, p-v. Wilkinson co. Mississippi,
on the Mississippi, 38 m. by land, above Natchez,
51 by the river.
Lofti/ Mount, hill on the S. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 138° 42' E. Lat. 34° 59' S.
Logan, CO. in the S.W. part of Ken, Pop. 12,123,
Slaves, 2,486. Chief town, Russelville.
Logan, CO. Ohio. Chief town, Belville.
Logan, p-t, and cap. Hocking co. Ohio, on the
Hockocking, 18 vti. S. E. Lancaster.
Logan, Wayne co. Missouri.
Log-cily, p-v. Madison co. N. Y.
Loggerhead Key, El Contoy, small isl. in the
bay of Honduras, near the coast of Yucatan. Lon.
87° 45' W. Lat. 21° 25' N.
Log-house landing, p-v. Hyde co. N. C,
Lognina, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of
Sicily. Lon. 15° 12' E- Lat.Se^SO'N.
Logrono, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the Ebro, 27
m. N. W. Calahorra. Lon. 2° 24' E. Lat. 42°
23' N. Pop, 7,000.
Logrono, t. Chili. Lon. 71° 16' W. Lat. 33°
38' S,
Logwood Lagoon, bay on the N. E. coast of Yu-
catan. Lon. 88° 20' W. Lat. 20° 57' N.
Lohaghur, the Iron Fort, a celebrated fortress
of Hindostan, in Dowletabad, 20 m. N.W. Poona.
It has lately been taken by the British.
Lohaghur, fort. Hind, in Gundwaueh. Lon.
81° 10' E. Lat. 20° 25' N. .
Loheia, city of Yemen, in Arabia, on the coast
of the Red Sea, at the bottom of a deep bay. The
harbour is shallow. A considerable trade is car-
ried on in coffee. Lon. 42° 44' E. Lat. 15° 44' N.
Lohnhut, t. Netherlands, 16 m. N. N. E. Ant-
werp. Pop. 1,600.
Lohr, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 35 m,
E. S. E. Frankfort. Fop. 3,000.
Lohurdunga, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 2'
E. Lat. 23° 28' N,
Loing, r. France, which falls into the Seine be-
tween Melnn and Montereau.
Loir and Cher, a department in the central part
of France. Extent, 2,600 sq. miles. Pop. 212,000.
Blois is the capital.
Loir, Le^ r. France, which falls into the Sarthe.
Its course is upwards of 100 miles, and it is navi-
gable 60 miles.
Loire, La, r, the longest in France, rises in the
S. E. of the kingdom, among the mountains of the
Cevcnnes, department of the Ardeche, and, after
flowing more than 500 miles, falls into the Atlan-
tic, about 40 m. below Nantes. It becomes navi-
gable atRoanne, 40 m.N.W. of Lyons. It commu-
nicates with the Seine by the canal of Orleans,
and with the Rhone, through a canal which joins
it with the Saone, thus forming a water communi-
cation between the Atlantic and Mediterranean,
through the very heart of the kingdom. The
principal towns which it passes in its course are
Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, and Nantes,
Loire, department, France, situated in the lati-
tude of Lyons, and adjoining the departments of
the Rhone and the Isere. Extent, 2,000 sq. miles.
Pop. 316,000. Montbrison is the capital.
Loire, Haute, or Upper, department in the S. E.
of France, adjoining the departments of the Puy
de Dome, the Ardeche, and the Lozere. Extent,
1,870 square miles. Pop, 268,000, Le Puy is the
capital.
Loire, Inftrieure or Lower, department in the
L O M
W. ol France, bounded by the Atlantic and the
departments of the lUe-and-Vilaine, Maine-and-
Loire, Vendee, and Morbihan. Extent, nearly
3,000 square miles. Pop. 408,000. Nantes is the
capital.
Loire, t. France, dep, of the Rhone, 9 m. N.
Condrieux. Pop, 1,500,
Loiret, department in the central part of France,
bounded by the departments of the Seine-and-Oise,
the Seine-and-Marne, the Yonne, the Cher, the
Loir-and-Cher, and the Eure-and-Loir, Extent,
2,700 square miles. Pop, 586,000. Orleans ia
the capital.
Loiret, r. France, which falls into the Loire at
St. Menin.
Loiron, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m, N, Cra-
onne. Pop. 1,600.
Loits, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 24 m. S. Stral-
sund. Lon. 13° 5' E. Lat. 53° 56' N. Pop,
1,400.
Lokeren, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, on
the Durme, which communicates with the Scheldt
by a canal. It carries on a brisk trade in com,
flax, hemp, and linen. Its manufactures consist
of woollens, printed cotton, lace, and hats. It has
likewise extensive tobacco works, and oil mills.
12 m. N. E. Ghent. Pop. 12,800.
Lokman, v. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, 16 m. N-
Bagdad.
Lolldong, celebrated pass. Hind, between Del-
hi and Serinagur, Lon. 78° 16' E. Lat. 29° 52' N.
Loma, Punla de la, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, the S. W. cape of the entrance into port St,
Diego, in New Albion. Lat. 33° 28' N.
Lombardo- Venetian Kingdom, the name given,
since the congress of Vienna in 1815, to the whole
of Austrian Italy. See Italy, Italy Austrian, Mi-
lan, and Venice.
Lombardy, country of Northern or Upper Italy,
The name, though properly applicable only to the
the Vale of the Po, is commonly given to the
whole tract of country lying between the Alps and
the Appennines, or, to speak Avith more precision,
between the frontiers ot Switzerland and Tusc^any.
It is about 250 miles in length, and 150 at its great-
est breadth. It corresponds in a great measure to
the Gallia Cisalpina of the Romans, and derived
its present names from the Lombards, a people wh®
conquered it in the sixth century, and retained it
under the form of a kingdom till the eighth. It
comprehends the Milanese, along with a portioa
of the Sardinian territory, Parma, Modena, the
Papal legations, and a considerable part of the
Austro-Italian government of Venice.
Lombes, t. France, in Gers, on the Save, 22 m.
S. by E. Mirande. Pop. 1,500.
Lomblem Isle, one of the Sunda islands, between
8° and 9° S. lat.
Lombock, isl. in the Eastern seas, about 53 mile?
long and 45 broad. It is separated from the island
of Bally, by the straits of Lombock, and from Sum-
bawa by the straits of Alias. Lon. 115° 43' E,
Lat. 8° 45' S.
Lommatsch, t. Saxony, 23 m. N. W. Dresden
Pop. 1,300.
Lommersum, t. Prussian province of Clevea-
and-Berg, 9 m. W. N, W, Bonn. Pop. 1,100.
Lomnitz, t. Moravia, 15 m. N. N. W. Brunn,
Pop. 1,100.
Lomond, Loch, a beautiful lake, Scotland, in
Dumbartonshire, about 30 miles long, and in some
places 8 or 9 miles broad, remarkable for the
grand and picturesque scenery on its shores.
L O N
L O N
411
Lomsffl, t. Poland, 79 m. N. E. Warsaw. Lon.
S&o 4(y E. Lat. 53° N. Pop. 1,200.
Lona^ small r. Italy, in the states of Lucca,
which flows into the gulf of Genoa.
Londersede, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
ijear Brussels. Pop. 3,200.
London^ the capital of England, and metropolis
of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, comprises in its widest sense the ancient
city of that name, the city of Westminster, the bo-
rough of Southwark, and their respective suburbs.
These form one vast metropolis, which is certainly
the largest and most wealthy, and perhaps the
most populous in the world. The cathedral
church of St. Paul, which is nearly in the centre
of the city, is in lat. 51° 31' N. and lon. 0° 5' 37
W. The cities of London and Westminster are
in the county of Middlesex, on the N. bank of the
Thames ; and the borough of Southwark is on the
S. bank, in the county of Surry. The greatest
extent of London is from W. to E. nearly 7 miles.
The circumference is about 30 miles. The inclu-
ded area is 11,520 square acres. London may be
considered as divided into five separate districts.
Ist, The City of London, where the commerce
and most of the trade of the metropolis is conduct-
ed ; which accordingly consists chiefly of shops,
warehouses, wharfs, public oflUces, and counting-
houses. 2dly, Westminster, which contains the
royal palaces, the houses of lords and commons, the
courts of law, and government offices. 3dly, The
West end of the tovm. This is the best and most
feshionable part of the town. 4thly, 7%c East end
f^the town, which is devoted to commerce, to ship
building, and the various trades connected with
shipping. Here are also the London, West India,
Smd East India docks. 5thly, Southwark, and the
places contiguous, which are also devoted to com-
merce and ship-building ; and distinguished by a
vast number of manufactories, iran-foundries,
♦lass-houses, &c.
The main streets of London run parallel with
the Thames from E. to W. and the cross streets
run mostly from N. to S. The streets near the
Thames, and most of the cross streets in the city,
are very narrow. All the streets are well paved
with granite stones, set end ways for the car-
riages ; and on the sides with flag-stones, for foot
passengers. Underneath the pavements are large
vaulted sewers, which communicate with each
house by drains, with each other by proper open-
ings, and with the surface of the streets by grat-
ings, so as to carry off all the filth and waste water
into the river Thames. The subterranean works
of London, consisting of sewers, drains, water
pipes, and gas pipes, are most extensive and curi-
ous. The city contains about 8,000 streets, lanes,
alleys, courts, &c. ; 60 squares, and 160,000 hou-
Sfes, ware-houses, and other buildings. These are
mostly built of brick, of a pale colour.
The principal public buildings inthe city, and in
the eastern part of the town, are the tower ; the new
mint ; the trinity-house ; the bank ; the mansion-
house; the royal exchange ; the East India house ;
the auction mart ; the commercial mart; the London
institution ; the custom-house ; the excise-office ;
guildhall ; the bridges of London, Southwark, and
Blackfriars ; the monument ; the post-ofl[ice ; New-
gate ; Giltspur-street compter ; Whitecross-street
prison ; St.Luke's hospital; the churches of St.Paul,
St. Stephen's, Walbrook, St. Mary-le-bone, and St.
Bride's, Fleet-street. The tower is chiefly used
as a state prison and depository ibr arras, records,
and property belonging to the crown. The ca-
thedral church of SL Paul holds the most distin-
guished rank among the modern works of archi-
tecture in the British empire. It was commenced,
in 1675 and finished in 1710, by one architect, sir
Christopher Wren, at an expence of 747,954i. The
principal public buildings west of the city, exclu-
sive of the royal palaces and houses of the nobility,
are Westminster abbey ; Westminster hall ; Som-
erset-house ; the king's theatre, or opera-house ;
the theatres of Covent-garden. Drury-lane, the
Hay-market, the English opera-house, aiid the
British museum.
But the most interesting architectural objects in
London are its bridges. London bridge however,
is a clumsy structure. The narrowness of its arch-
es obstructs and endangers the navigation, while
their unequal sizes offend the eye. This bridge is,
in fact, like a thick wall, pierced with small une-
qual holes, through which the current rushes with
great velocity. The fall at about half ebb tide, is
very great, and the passage dangerous for boats
and barges. This bridge is 915 feet long, and 45
broad. It has been calculated that there pass dai-
ly over London bridge, 89,640 foot passengers, 769
waggons, 2,924 carts and drays, 1,240 coaches,
485 gigs and taxed carts, and 764 saddle horses.
Westminster bridge cost 400,000Z. and Blackfriar,
150,840/. The Strand, or Waterloo bridge, is one
of the noblest structures of the kind in the world.
It was begun in 1811, and opened in 1817, on the
anniversary of the battle of Waterloo. It consists
of nine equal arches, each of 120 feet span. It is
built of granite, under the direction of John Ren-
nie, Esq. and cost the subscribers upwards of
1,000,000/. The Southwark bridge, opened in
May 1819, was built by private subscription, un-
der the direction of Mr. Rennie. It consists of
three arches, of which the centre is 240 feet span,
and each of the side ones 210 feet. The arches
are of iron, springing from stone piers and abut-
ments. The Vauxhall bridge contains nine arches
of 78 feet span each.
The following table shews the increase of the
population of London from 1700 to 1811, In this
calculation, one twenty-fifth part is added for oc-
casional visitants, sailors, &c.
1700.
1750.
1801.
1811.
I-ondon with-
in the walls, 139,300
87,000
78,000
57,700
Without the
walls,
69,000
57,300
56,300
68,000
Westminster,
130,000
152,000
165,000
168,000
Out parishes
within the
bills of mor-
tality,
326,900
357,600
477,700
593,700
Parishes not
within the
bills of mor-
tality.
9,150
22,350
123,000
162,000
Total,
674,350
676,250
900,000
1,050,000
The annual mortality has greatly diminished
since 1700, when it was 1 in 25 ; it is now about 1
in 38.
It is calculated that London contains 122 church-
es of tlie established religion, 120 chapels of ease,
in parishes where the population is too great for
their respective churches ; 30 churches and chap-
els belonging to foreign Christians ; six syna-
gogues of the Jews ; and about 200 meeting-houses
of the different denomrnations of dissenters and
412
L O N
L O N
Roman Catholics. — The public charities of Lon-
don, (exclusive of parochial establishments,)
chiefly consist of 22 hospitals for the sick, hurt, lu-
natick, and pregnant ; 41 free schools, with per-
petual endowments, for the maintenance and edu-
cation of 3,500 poor children ; 18 asylums of ref-
uge for destitute foreigners, repentant prostitutes,
juvenile delinquents, and the children of crimi-
nals ; 107 alms-houses, 20 dispensaries lor afford-
ing to the poor, medicines and advice gratuitously.
The average amount of the poor's rate during the
three years, from 1813 to 1815, was more than
530,000/. and the number of poor relieved was
117,316 annually. Tlie whole amount annually
expended in the metropolis, in support of charita-
ble institutions, including the poor's rate, is esti-
mated at one million sterlmg.
The commerce of London has increased wonder-
fully within a century. In 1701, there were 360
vessels belongmg to this port, carrying 84,882 tons,
and 10,065 men ; in 1732, 1,417 vessels, carrying
178,557 tons, and 21,797 men. The ofii'-ial value of
the imports in 1800 was 18,843,172/. 2s. lOd., and
of the exports, 25,428,922/. 16s. Id. Their real
value was 68,000,000/. neai'ly two thirds of the
whole trade of the kingdom. The total amount of
the imports and exports of London, is now about
70,000,000/. annually. The v«sselb belonging to the
port now amount on an average to 3,000, carrying
600,000 tons,and 45.000 men. About one-sixth of the
tonnage,and one-fourth of the men,are employed in
the East In Jia trade, and aboui one sixtli of the ton-
nage, and about one third of the men, in the West
India trade. The manufactures of London consist
chiefly of silk, cutlery, jewelry, watches, japan-
ware, cut glass, books, cabinet work, carriages,
and other fine goods and articles of elegant
use. The manufactures of silk in Spitalfields, and
of watches m Clerkenwell, usually employ about
7000 people each. In general the London manu-
factures are esteemed the most excellent of their
respective kinds, and produce higher prices than
those oi any other place.
The following ai'e among the calamities record-
fed in the history of London. In 664, the city was
ravaged by the plague. In 764, 798, 801, and
1077, it suffered severely by fires. In 1090, a tre-
mendous hurricane overthrew 600 houses. In
1258, 20,000 persons died of hunger. In 1348, a
terrible pestilence commenced, which lasted seve-
ral years, and destroyed about 100,000 inhabi-
tants. In 1407 the plague carried off 30,000 ; in
15t)0, 30,000, and in 1603, a greater number. In
1665, the great plague carried off 68,850 persons,
according to the bills returned, but the real num-
ber was much greater. The next year a fire broke
out which destroyed 13,200 dwelling houses, and
the loss was estimated at more than 10,000,000/.
sterling. In 1739, 1740, happened one of the most
intense frosts ^ver known in England.
London, JVcw, See Xew-London.
London, district. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie,
Comprising the counties of Norfolk, Middlesex,
and Oxford.
London, t. Ann Arundel co. Md. 5 m. S. W. An-
napolis.
London, p-v. Madison co. Ohio.
London brilain, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 404.
London harbour, bay on the N. coast of the isl-
and of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon.
630 8'W.Lat.46O26'N.
Londonderry, county, Ireland, bounded S. by
Tyrone ; W. by Donegal ; N. by the Scottish sea;
B, by Antrim, and the river Bann. Area, 51 1,688
English acres, or 798 square miles. Pop. accor-
dmgto census in 1818, 186,000 consisting of 27,000
Episcopalians, 53,000 Presbyterians, and 106,000
Catholics.
Londonderry, capital of the above county, is
pleasantly situated on the Foyle. The old walls,
flanked with bastions, which were built in 1614,
still remain in fine repair, and are an ornament to
the place. A very extensive commercial inter-
course is carried on chiefly to the West Indies and
America. The harbour is deep, wide, and tolera-
bly secure. Pop. including suburbs, 1 8,500. 1 15
m. N. N. W. Dublin, 58 W. N. W. Belfast. Lon,
7° 15' W. Lat. 55° N.
Londonderry, t. Halifax co. Nova Scotia, on the
N. side of Cobequid river, which runs into tlie ba-
sin of Minas 30 miles below.
Londonderry, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 25 m.
S. Concord, 36 S. W. by W. Portsmouth. Pop.
2,766, chiefly descendants of emigrants from Ire-
land. It is a valuable agricultural township, and
considerable attention is paid to manufactures. It
is divided into 2 parishes, and contains 2 Presby-
terian churches, and a well endowed academy.
Londonderry, p-t. 'Windham co. Vt. 27 m. S. W.
Windsor. Pop. 637.
Londonderry, p-t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,164.
Londonderry, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,411.
Londonderry, t. Bedford co. Pa. Fop. 486.
London grove, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Londres, or London, t. S.America, in Tucuman.
Lat. 19° 12' S.
Long hay, bay on the coast of N. C. and S. C. be-
tween the mouth of Cape Fear river, and the
mouth of the Pedee.
Long beach. Up. Canada, on Lake Ontario.
From its W. point the boundary between York
and Durham counties commences.
Long, or Eighteen mile beach, on the coast of
N. J. between Barnegat bay and Little Egg-har-
bour inlet.
Lovg Benton, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 8 m,
fromlfartlv. Pop. 1,687.
Long bottom, p-t. Athens co. Ohio.
Lonsc creek, p-v. Caldwell co. Ken.
Longmil, barony, Huntington and Kent coun-
ties, Lov^-^er Canada, on the river Sorel, 13 m. S. E.
Montreal. It contains the town of Dorchester,
and the fort of St. John.
Lonseuil, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Mon-
treal.
Long Island, small isl. near the W. coast of Bil-
liton. Lon. 107° 30' E. Lat. 2° 51' S.
Long Island, small isl. near the S. E. coast of the
island of Madura. Lon. 113° 5' E. Lat. T 16' S.
Long Island, isl. in Queen Charlotte's sound, oa
the coast of New Zealand, 9 m. S. Port Jackson.
Long Island, isl. off the coast of New Guinea, in
1° S. lat.
Long Island, isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 10° 2.S'S.
Long Island, isl. in Penobscot bay, Maine. On
this inland is the town of Islesborough.
Lo7ig Island, isl. belongins: to the state of New-
York. It extendi in length from the city of New-
York, in an easterly direction, 140 miles. Its
average breadth is 10, and it contains 1,400 sq.
miles. It is divided into three counties, King's,
Queen's, and Suffolk: and these again into 19
townships. The north side of the island is rough
and hilly, but the soil is well calculated for raising
griin, hay, and fruit. The south sid^ of the isl-
and lies low, with a light sandy soil, but well
L O N
adapted to grain, particularly Indian corn. On
the sea coast are extensive tracts of salt meadow,
which extend from Southampton to the W . end of
the island. King's county, at the west end of the
island, is inhabited chiefly lay Dutch. This coun-
ty, and the western part of Queen's, have been
rendered fertile and productive by husbandry.
The greater part of Suffolk has a poor thin soil,
and much of it is not worth cultivating, yet it is
well furnished with wood, and sends large quanti-
ties of this article to the New- York market. A
narrow beach of sand and stones runs along the S.
side of the island for 100 miles. There are vari-
ous inlets through the beach, which admit vessels
of 60 or 70 tons. The long narrow bay formed by
the beach is, in the widest places, 3 miles broad.
Pop. m 1790, 41,782; in 1800, 42,097; and in
1810,48,752.
Long Island, small isl. in Chesapeak bay, near
the coast of Va. at the mouth of York river.
Long, or Great island, in Holston river, Ten-
nessee, 43 m. from Abingdon, Va. and 100 above
Knoxville.
Long Island, isl. near the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76° 58' VV. Lat. 17° 51' N.
Long Island, isl. near the N. coast of Antigua.
Lon. 61° 28' W. Lat. 11° 17' N.
Long Island, isl. in Hudson's straits. Lon. 75°
W.Lat.6iON.
Long Island, one of the smaller Bermuda isl-
ands.
Long Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 56' W. Lat. 27°
50' N.
Long Island Sound, a kind of inland sea, from
3 to 25 miles broad, and about 140 miles long, ex-
tending the whole length of Long 'Island, and divi-
ding it from Connecticut. It communicates with
tlie ocean at both ends of Long Island ; and affords
a very safe and convenient inland navigation.
Long Kty, Middle, •North, and South, 3 small
islands in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of
Mexico. Lon. 88° 50' W. Lat. 16° 57' N.
Long, or Loung, Loch, an extensive arm of the
vxSu, Scotland, in the frith of Clyde, separating the
cjunties of Argyle and Dumbarton.
Longmeadow, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 6 m. S. Springfield, 97
W. Boston. Pop. 1,036.
Longmire's store, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C
Long Xose, cape on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 151° 15' E. Lat. 35° 6' S.
Long point, or Abineau, peninsula, Up. Cana-
di, in lake Erie, projecting 18 miles into the lake.
Boats are taken across it about 4 miles from the
main, where it is only about 20 yards wide.
Long pond, in Cumberland co. Maine, chiefly
in Bridgetown, 10 miles long, and 1 broad.
Long sioamp, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 998.
Longanico, t. Eu. Turkey, in the VTorea, 30 m.
S. Patras. Lon. 21° 51' E. Lat. 37° 34' N.
Longari, lofty peak of the Chilian Andes, in lat.
3-5° 30' S. said to be 20,000 feet high.
Longford, county, Ireland, bounded W. by Ros-
C()mmon, N. by Leitrim and Cavan, and E. and S.
by Westmeath. Extent, 366 square miles. Pop.
about 50,000.
Longford, i. Ireland, and cap. of the above coun-
t3', on the Camlin, 40 m. S. S. W. Sbgo, 58 W. N.
\/. Dublin. Lon. 7° 45' W. Lat. 52° 42' N.
Loni^furd, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6i m. S.by E.
Ashborae,
LOO
413
Longjumeau, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 12
m. S. E. Versailles. Pop. 1,400.
Longness Point, the S. point of the Isle of Man,
10 m. S. W. Douglas.
Longny, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. E. Mortagne.
Pop. 1,900.
Longoribo, r. Brazil, which enters the Atlantic
opposite the island of "Taponica.
Longotoma, r. Chili, which enters the Pacific
ocean,^inlat. 31°40'S.
Longpaon, v. France, in Lower-Seine, netu'
Rouen. Pop. 2,000.
Longport, v. Eng. in Staffordshire, adjoining
Newcastle-under-Line.
Longton, t Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. S. W.
Preston. Pop. 1,340.
Longtown, t. Eng. in Cumberland co. on the
borders of Scotland, on the Esk or Liddel, 9 m. N.
Carlisle, 310 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 58' W. Lat.
55° 1' N. Pop. 1,325.
Longtown, t. Eng. in Herefordshire, 17 m. S. W.
Hereford. Pop. 844.
Longue, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 7 m. N.
Saumur. Pop. 3,600.
Longuen, r. Chili, which enters the Maule, near
its mouth.
Longuyon, t. France, in Moselle, 22 m. W. Thi-
onville. Pop. 1,600.
Longwood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Hud-
dersfield. Pop. 1,461.
Longwy, t. France, in Moselle, built on a rockjT
eminence, and strongly fortified in the style of
Vauban. 20 m. S. W. Luxemburg, 32 N. by W.
Metz. Pop. 2,200.
Lonicera, p-v. Baldwin co. Geo.
Lonigo, t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. E. by S. Ve-
rona.
Lonlay VAbbaye, t. France, 4 m. N. W. Dom-
front. Pop. 3,300.
Lonneker, v. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 32 m,
E. Deventer. Pop. 1,300.
Lons le Saulnier, t. France, capital of Jura.
Here is a silver mine, and salt works of considera-
ble extent. Pop. 7,000. 62 m. S. E. Dijon, 269
S. E. Paris. Lon. 5° 35' E. Lat. 46° 41' N.
Lontar Pulo, isl. in the Indian ocean, sepa-
rated from Malacca by a narrow strait. Lon. 99 •
E. Lat. 70° 30' N.
Lontor, or Lantour, one of the Banda isles, di-
vided by a narrow strait from the island of Neira. '
Lonton, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 60 m. S.
E. Gallam.
Loo, I. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 10 m. N.
N. W. Ypres. Pop. 1,400.
Loochoo Islands, called by Mr. Macleod, Lew-
chew, and by others, Liqueo, or Lieoukiou, a group
in the Eastern ocean, S. of Japan, and about 400
or 500 miles E. of China. They consist of 36 isl-
ands. Great Loochoo is 50 miles long, and from
12 to 15 broad. It was very imperfectly known to
Europeans, till visited by captains Maxwell and
Hall, in their return from the late embassy to
China. The climate and sod seem to be among
the happiest on the globe. The whole coast is sur-
rounded with coral reefs. There are, however,
several excellent harbours. The inhabitants are
of a diminutive stature, the average height of the
men not exceeding five feet two inches. They
are, however, strong, well made, and athletic.
Their lineaments and appearance indicate a de-
scent from Japan or Corea. In complexion they
are quite as fair as the natives of Spain or Porta-
414
LOR
LOS
gal. Their disposition appears to be peculiarly
gay, gentle, and amiable, and they seem to be gift-
ed with a remarkable natural politeness. The
capital is Kintching, in Ion. 127° 52' E. Lat. 26°
14° N.
Loo Christy, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders,
5 m. N. E. Ghent. Pop. 3,100.
Looe, East, borough and s-p. Eng. in Cornwall,
at the mouth of the Looe, over which there is a
bridge connecting the town with West Looe. 63
m. S. W. Exeter. Lon. 4° 26' W. Lat 15° 22' N.
Pop. 480.
Lookout Cape, cape on the S. coast of Hudsons'
bay. Lon. 84° W. Lat. 56° N.
Lookout, Cape, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.
89° 10' W. Lat. 55° 30' N.
Look-out, Cape, on the coast of N. C. the S.
point of Ocrecock inlet, N. E. of Cape Fear, and
S.ofCapeHatteras. Lon. 76° 37' VV. Lat 34°
22' N. Here was formerly an excellent harbour,
but it is now filled up with sand.
Lookout, Cape, or De las Desiolos, cape on the
E. coast of S. America. Lon. 66° 9' W. Lat 48°
24' S.
Lookout, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia,
in the Atlantic. Lat. 48° 32' S.
Lookout, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 236° 11' E. Lat 45° 32' N.
Lookout Mountain, a range of mountains exten-
ding about 30 miles, across the boundary, between
Georgia and Tennessee, and terminating abruptly
6 miles E. of the Suck in Tennessee river, 8 W.
Brainerd. It is about 2,000 feet high.
Lookout, Point, cape on the S. E. cojist of New
Holland. Lat. 14° 51° S.
Lookout, Point, cape on the E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 153° 31' E. Lat. 27° 27' S.
Loonghee, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank of
the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 91° 55' E. Lat. 19°
41' N.
Loosduinen, v. Netherlands, 4 m. S. S. W. of the
Hague. Pop. 1,500.
Loose, t Eng. in Kent, 2^ m. S. Maidstone. Pop.
868.
Looseigna, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° 58' E.
Lat. 24° 20' N.
Lootz, or Borchloen, t. Netherlands, 14 m. N. N.
W. Liege. Pop. 1,400.
Loppersum, v. Netherlands, 5 m. W. Delfzyl.
Pop. 1,000.
Loquiers, or Loquires, Pointe de, cape on the
W. coast of France. Lon. 3° 34' W. Lat 48°
48' N.
Lora, t. Spain, in Seville, on the Guadalquivir,
8 m. N. Carmona. Pop. 3,000.
Lora, r. Chili, which falls into the Pacific ocean
inlat34° 46'S.
Loramie''s creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Miami above Piqua.
Lorca, t. Spain, in Murcia, on the Sangonera.
It contains 9 churches and several monasteries.
The chief manufacture is saltpetre. 40 m. W. S.
W. Murcia, 47 W. Carthagena. Lon. 1° 22' W.
Lat. 37° 25' N. Pop. 22,000.
Lorch, t. Wirtemberg, 6 m. W. Gemund. Pop.
1,200.
Lord Edgecumb^s Island, or JVfw Sark, one of
Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 165° 14' E. Lat
11° 10' S.
Lord Hood's Canal, inlet in the Gulf of New
Georgia, about 40 miles from north to south. It
communicates with Admiralty inlet.
Lord Howe's Groups a cluster of islands in the
PaciAc ocean, discovered by captain Httnter, in
1 79 1 . Lon. 159° 24' E. Lat. 5° 30' S.
Lord J^ortK's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ;
also called NeviVs Island and Johnston's Island.
Lon. 131° 12' E. Lat. 3° 8' N.
Lorensana, San Vicente de, city, Spanish Amer-
ica, 50 leagues from GuatimaJa.
Lorenzo, isl. on the coast of Peru, opposite the
port of Callao. Lat. 12° 4' S.
Loreo, t. Austrian Italy, 4 m. E. Adria. Pop.
2,300.
Loreto, t. Paraguay, on the Parana. Lon. 55==
34' 39" W. Lat 27° 19'58"S.
Lorette, La Jeune, Indian v. Lower Canada, 9
m. from Quebec.
Loretto, t Italy, in the Papal state, near the in-
flux of the Musone into the Adriatic. It is sur-
rounded with a rampart and a deep ditch. It owes
its celebrity to the Sania Casa, or house said to
have been inhabited by the Virgin Mary of Naza-
reth. 12 m. S. S. E. Ancoua, 1 15 N. N. E. Rome.
Lon. 13° 35' E. Lat. 43° 27' N. Pop. 6,000.
Loretto, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Lorgues, t. France, in Var, 15 m. W. Frejus.
Lon. 6° 36' E. Lat. 43° 29' N. Pop. 4,900.
L^ Orient, s-p. in the N. W. of France, in Mor-
bihan, on the bay of Port Louis, at the influx of the
Scorf. It is surrounded by good fortifications.
The harbour is large and secure, of easy access,
and sufficiently deep to float ships of war. The
trade was formerly very flourishing, it being the
principal station of the shipping of the French
E. India company. It has still some trade, particu-
larly with the French colonies ; and is a place of
importance, on account of its magazines for the use
of the royal navy. Pop. 18,000. 340 m. W. by
S. Paris, Lon. 3° 21' W. Lat. 47° 45' N.
Lorn, district, Scotland, in the N. part of Argyle-
shire.
Loroux Botterau, t. France, in Loire Inferi-
eure, on the Loire, 12 m. E. Nantes. Pop. 3,000.
Lorrach, t. Baden, 6 m. N. E. Bale. Pop.
1,900.
Lorraine, an extensive country in the N. E. of
France, divided at present into the departments of
Meuse, Moselle, Meurthe, and Vosges.
Lorraine, p-t Jefferson co. N. Y. 9 m. E. Lake
Ontario, 150 W. N. W. Albany. Pop. 812.
Lorris, t. France, in Loiret, 28 m. E. Orleans.
Pop. 1,500.
Lorsch, or Laurisheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-
Darmstadt, 6 m. E. Worms. Pop. 1,700.
Los Esteros Bay, bay on the coast of New Al-
bion. Lon. 239° 22' E. Lat 35° 31' N.
Losontz, t. Hungary, 34 m. S. E. Altsohl. Pop.
1,800.
Lossie, r. Scotland, in Morayshire, which falls
into the sea at Lossiemouth.
Lossiemouth, v. Scotland, the seaport of Elgin,
distant about 7 miles.
Lossnifz, t Saxony, 50 m. S. W. Dresden. Lon.
12° 37' E. Lat. 50° 32' N. Pop. 3,300.
Lost creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side
of the Miami, in Miami co.
Lost creek, r. Vigo co. Indiana, which flows to-
wards the E. side of the Wabash, but before reach-
ing it, is lost in the sands.
Loslock, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. W. Great
Bolton.
Lost run, r. Vigo co. Indiana, which runs to-
wards Otter creek, but before reaching it, is lost
in the sands.
Lostwithiel, borough, Eng. in Cornwall, on the
LOU
LOU
41S
tlver FoWey, 234 m. W. S. W. London. Pop.
y25.
Losia, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Sosva,
after a course of 150 miles.
Lot, department in the S. of France, adjacent
to Dordo»ne, Aveyron, and Upper Garonne. Ex-
tent, 2,800 square miles. Pop. 272,000. Cahors
is the capital.
Lot and Garonne, department in the S. W. of
France, bounded by Dordogne, Lot, Gers, Landes,
and Gironde. Extent, 2,200 square miles. Pop.
326,000, of whom nearly 30,000 are Protestants.
Agen is the capital.
Lot, r. France, which joins the Garonne.
Lotbiniere, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 30 m.
S. W. Quebec. Pop. 3,400.
Lothian, extensive and fertile district, Scotland,
divided iuto three shires, viz. East-Lothiau, or
Haddingtonshire ; Mid-Lothian, or Edinburgh-
shire ; and West Lothian, or Linlithgowshire.
Loudeac, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 25 m. S.
St. Brieux. Pop. 1,300.
Loudon, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 148.
Loudon, ftlass. See Otis.
Loudon, CO. Va. on the Potomac. Pop. 21,338.
Slaves, 5,157. Chief town, Leesburg.
Loudontown, p-t. Franklin co. Pa.
Loudonville, v. Richland co. Ohio.
Loudun, t. France, in Vienne, 28 m. N. N. W.
Poitiers. Pop. 5,200.
Lorell, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. N. Paris.
Pop. 365.
LoveWs pond, N. H. at the head of the E. branch
of thePiscataqua.
Lovendegem, t. Netherlands, 6 m. N. W. Ghent.
Pop. 3,800.
Lovenich, t. Prussian states, 6 m. W. Cologne.
Pop. 1,550.
Loveton, p-v. Baltimore co. Md.
Louer, t. Hind, in Dowletabad. Lon. 47° 27'
II. Lat. 20° 25' N.
Lovere, i. Austrian Italy, in Bergamo, 14 m. N.
Iseo. Pop. 3,000.
Loughborough, t. Eng. in Leicester, on the Soar.
Here is a well endowed free grammar school. The
thief manufactures are stockings, and cotton spin-
ring. 1 1 m. N. Leicester, 14 S. Nottingham, 109
N. by W. London. Pop. 5,400.
Loughborough, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada.
Loughborough Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast
cf America, in the gulf of Georgia, 30 miles long
:,nd 1 broad. Lon. 234° 35' E. Lat. 50° 27' N.
Lougherty^s Creek, r. Indiana, which runs into
the Ohio 11 m. below the mouth of Miami river.
Lougnon, V Oignon, r. France, which falls into
lie Saone, near Pontarlier.
Loughor, t. Wales, in Glamorganshire, 8 m. N.
\\. Swansea. Lon. 4° 3' W. Lat. 51° 40' N. Pop.
£91.
Loughrea, t. Ireland, in Galway, 15 m. S. W.
f^ralway.
Louhans, t. France, in Upper-Saone, 28 m. N.
v.. Macon. Pop. 3,000.
Louin, t. France, in Two Sevres. 22 m. N. W.
loitiers. Pop. 1,500.
Lovington, p-v. Nelson co. Va.
Louisa, CO. in the central part of Va. Pop.
11,900. Slaves, 6,430.
Louisa chitto. See Bigblack.
Itouisburg, p-t. and cap, Franklin co. N. C. on
Tar river, 23 m.N.E. Raleigh, 104 from Wash-
ington.
Louis, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Kergue-
len's Land. Lon. 68° 18' E. Lai. 49° 2' S.
Louis, Fort, an important barrier Ibrtress in the
N. E. of France, constructed by Vauban in 1686 ;
on an island, in the Rhine. 12 ra. E. Hagu-
enau.
Louise de Ramsay, seigniory, Richelieu co.
Lower Canada.
Louisiana. This name was originally applied
to the whole country West of the Mississippi, in-
cluded within the limits ol the present States of
Louisiana and Missouri, and of the Arkansaw and
Missouri territories. In 1803, this country was
purchased by the U. S. from France, for about
$15,000,000. Its boundaries have been a subject
of much dispute ; but by the treaty with Spain,
ratified the present year, (1821) the controversy
is finally settled, hy this treaty, the boundary
on the side of the Spanish dominions, begins in the
gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of Sabine river, and
proceeds up that river to the parallel of 32° N.
lat. ; thence due N. to Red river ; thence up Red
river to the meridian of 100° W. lon. ; thence
along that meridian to Arkansaw river ; thence
up the Arkansaw to its source, and to the parallel
of 42° N. lat. ; thence along that parallel to the
Pacific ocean. The cession of Florida by Spain
puts an end to the dispute respecting the boundary
in that quarter. The northern boundary remains
to be adjusted.
Louisiana, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ar-
kansaw Territory ; E. by the State of Mississippi;
S. by the gulf of Mexico ; and W. by the Spanisk
dominions. The boundary runs as follows : Be-
ginning in Mississippi river, at 33° N. lat. it pro-
ceeds down the river to lat. 31° ; thence along
that parallel to Pearl river ; down Pearl river to
the gulf of Mexico; along the gulf of Mexico, in-
cluding all the islands within six leagues of the
shore, to the mouth of the Sabine ; up the Sabine
to the parallel of 32° N. lat. ; thence due N. to the
parallel of 33° ; thence E. along that parallel t»
the place of beginning. It extends from lat. 29°
to 33° N. and from lon. 89° to 94° W. and con-
tains 48,220 square miles, or 30,860,800 acres.
On the gulf of Mexico it reaches from Pearl river
to the Sabine. The Mississippi river forms the
eastern boundary of the State from lat. 33° to 31°
N. In lat. 31° Red river empties itself into the
Mississippi from the N. W. Below the mouth of
Red river, the Misissippi, instead of receiving the
tribute of inferior streams, divides into numerous
branches or outlets, which, diverging from each
other, slowly wind their way to the sea, forming
what is called the Delta of the Mississippi. Of
these outlets, the most western is the Atchafalaya,
which leaves the main stream 3 miles below the
mouth of Red river, and diverging westward,
flows into Atchafalaya bay, in the gulf of Mexico.
About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya, is the
outlet of the Plaquemine, its main stream unites
with the Atchafalaya ; but it has other communi-
cations intersecting the country in different direc-
tions. Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine,
and 81 above New-Orleans, is the outlet of La
Fourche, which communicates with the gulf of
Mexico by two mouths. Below the La Fourche,
numerous other smaller streams branch off from
the river at various points. On the east side of
the Mississippi, the principal outlet i« the Ibev
416
LOU
ville, which communicates with the gulf of Mexi-
co, through lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain, and
Boi^ie. — A large extent of country in this State
is annually overflowed by the Mississippi. From
lat. 32° to 31° the average width of overflowed
land, may be estimated at 20 miles ; from lat. 3P
to the efflux of the La Fourche, a little above lat.
30° the widtli is about 40 miles. All the country
below the La Fourche is overflowed. The whole
extent of lands thus inundated is 8,340 square
miles ; and if to this be added 2,550 square miles
for the inundated lands on Red river, tlie whole
amount in the State will be 10,890 square miles.
It must not be imagined, however, that this ex-
tensive tract is one continued sheet of water. It
is ratlier intersected by innumerable canals and
lakes, which interlocking in a thousand mazes,
chequer the whole face of the country. The area
actually submerged, is estimated at only 4,000
square miles. It is remarkable that the banks of
the Mississippi, and several of its branches are
considerably elevated above the level of the adja-
cent country. This is occasioned by a more copi-
ous deposition along the margins, than at a dis-
tance from them. Hence it happens that all these
rivers are skirted with a rich border of alluvial
land, from 400 yards to a mile and a half in
breadth, and elevated above the level of tlie inun-
dations, while the surface in the rear is covered
with laJkes and impassable swamps. The fertile
tracts of alluvial land which every where border
the shores of the Mississippi, have given rise to an
artificial work of great extent, for confining its
stream, and for securing the country from the ef-
fects of its inundations. This work is an embank-
ment of the river, called the Levee. On the E. side
of the Mississippi, the embankment commences
about 60 miles above New-Orleans, and extends
down the river for more than 130 miles. On
the W. shore, it commences at Point Couple, 172
miles above New-Orleans. It is here that the
navigator in descending the river emerges from a
gloomy wilderness, presenting detached settle-
ments at long and tedious intervals, into beautiful
and finely cultivated plantations. On the side of
this elevated artificial bank, is a range of hand-
some, neatly built houses, appearing like one con-
tinued village, as far as the city of New-Orleans.
The N. W. section of the State has been till re-
cently but very partially explored. It is inter-
sected by Red river, which enters the State in
one undivided stream, and after flowing about 30
miles, spreads out into a number of channels and
lakes, forming an inundated swamp, six miles
wide, and fifty long. The part of the State be-
tween Red river and the Mississippi, is intersect-
ed by the Wachitta.
Along the whole southern border of the State
from Pearl river to the Sabine, are vast prairies,
which for every purpose of a general sketch, may
be described as one immense meadow, occupying
10,000 square miles, or one fifth of the surface of
the State. The part of this tract about the months
of the Mississippi, for 30 miles, is a continued
.swamp, destitute of trees, and covered with a
species of coarse reed, 4 or 5 feet high. Notliing
can be more dreary than the prospect from a ship's
mast, while passing this immense waste. The
part of this section west of the Mississippi is wa-
tered by the rivers Teche, Vermillion, Mermen-
tau, Calcasiu, and Sabine. The three last dilate
into shallow lakes, and again contract to the form
of rivers, just before entering the gulf of Mexico.
LOU
The parts of the State which have been brought
under cultivation are almost exclusively the nar-
row strips of rich alluvial land on the banks of the
Mississippi, the Teche, Red river, and Wachitta.
The staple productions are cotton, sugar, and rice.
Tobacco and indigo could be as extensively culti-
vated as cotton, but they do not afford the same
profit. On the banks of the Mississippi, the La
Fourche, the Teche, and the Vermillion, below
lat. 30° 12' N. wherever tlie soil is elevated above
the annual inundation, sugar can be produced ;
and the lands are generally devoted to this crop.
In all other parts of the State cotton is the staple.
The best districts for cotton are the banks of Red
river, Wachitta, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice
is more particularly confined to the banks of the
Mississippi, where irrigation can be easily per-
formed.— The quantity of land within the State
adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, has
been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 acres ;
rice, 250,000 ; cotton, 2,400,(XX>. Some of the
sugar planters have derived a revenue in some
years, of $1,000 from the labor of each of their
slaves ; from ^'500 to $750 is the ordinary calcula-
tion. The whole amount of sugar made in Louis-
iana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 lbs, ; in 1814,
not less than 15,000,000 ; and in 1817, 20,000,000,
or nearly one third of the whole amount consum-
ed in the United States. — The extensive prairie
land, in the S. W. part of the State, embracing the
district of Opelousas, and the greater part of At-
tacapas, is most admirably adapted to the rear-
ing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost
exclusively for that purpose. Many of the richer
planters on the Teche and Vermillion, have stock
farms established on Mermantau and Calcasiu riv-
ers, and count their cattle by the thousand.
Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 1811.
In 1810 it Avas called the Territory of Orleans,
and contained 76,556 inhabitants, of whom 34,311
were whites, 7,585 free blacks, and 34,660 slaves.
To this number may be added 10,000, as the popu-
lation of that part of West Florida, which was
annexed to the State in 1812. In 1820, the whole
number was 155,000. This population is princi-
pally confined to the settlements on the Mississip-
pi. In the upper settlements the inhabitants are
principally Canadians ; in the middle, Germans ;
and in the lower, Frencti and Spaniards. A few
years since a majority of the inhabitants were Ro-
man Catholics. The clergy of this order, howev-
er, are not numerous ; and the constant introduc-
tion of emigrants from the north is effecting a rap-
id revolution in all the institutions of the country.
In journeying from New-Orleans to the mouth
of Sabine river, we meet with men in every stage
of civilization. In New-Orleans, and other places
on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cot-
ton planters live in splendid edjfices, and enjoy all
the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas
and Opelousas, the glare of expensive luxury van-
ishes, and is followed by substantial independence.
In the western parts of Opelousas are found herds-
men and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and
hastily constructed, and the whole scene recals to
the imagination the primeval state of society.
The exports from Louisiana are not confined to
its own produce. The bulky articles of all the
western States go down the Mississippi, and are
cleared out at New-Orleans. The value of the ex-
ports in 1804, was .*:1,6 K),362; in 1806, .«3,8S7,323;
in 1815, $5,102,610; in 1817, 4513,501,036, near-
ly two thirds as much as that of the whole United
LOU
States in 1791. The number of arrivals and clear-
ances at the port of New-Orleans, during the year
ending Oct. 1st, 1817, was 1,030. During; the
same year, 1,300 flat-bottomed boats, and 500
barges, arrived at the city from the upper coun-
try. The duties on merchandize paid in this State
in 1804, was $279,272 ; in 1807, $480,275 ; in
1815, $984,909.
Louis, Mont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 9 m.
E. S. E. Tours.
Louis, Mont, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 15
m. VV. S. W. Prades.
Louis, Port, s-p. on the W. coast of France, in
Morbihan, at the mouth of the river Blavet. Lon.
3°20'VV. Lat. 47"40'.\.
Louisa, 3-p. Eu. Russia, in Finland, on the N.
coast of the gulf of Finland, 30 m. E. i\. E. Hel-
sin/^fors. Lon. 26° 16' E. Lat. 60° 27' N.
Louisa., Loans;o, r. W. Africa, which falls into
the Atlantic in lat. 5° 30' S.
Louisburg, t. and cap. of the island of Cape Bre-
ton, on a point of land on the S. E. side of the isl-
and. The harbour is excellent. It is more than
half an English mile in breadth in the narrowest
part, and six miles in length from N. E. to S. \V.
and has six or seven fathoms of water in every
part of it. In winter it is totally impracticable,
being entirely frozen. The principal trade of
Louisburg is the cod fishery. It was taken from
the French by the American forces, commanded
by Sir William Pepperel, and the English fleet,
Qnder Sir Peter Warren, in the year 1745 ; but
afterwards restored to France by tlie treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. It was again taken by
the English, under admiral Boscawen and lieu-
tenant-general Amherst, on the 27th of July 1758,
and its Ibrtifications since demolished. Lon. 59°
50' W. Lat. 45° 55' N.
Louisiade, an archipelago ~in tlie Eastern seas,
lying S. E. of New Guinea, and extending about
400 miles in length, by about 160 in breadth. The
centre lies nearly under 10° S. lat. and 1 52° 25'E. lon.
Louisville, p-t. St. Lawren.:e co. N. Y. on the
river St. Lawrence, 30 m. below Ogdensburg. It
c<ontains the village of Racketon.
Louisville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Geo. on
the Ogechee, 40 m. W.Augusta, 48 E. Milledge-
ville, 100 N.W. Savannah.
Louisville, p-t. and cap.. Jefferson co. Kentucky,
is pleasantly situated on an elevated and beautiful
plain, on the S. bank of the Ohio, immediately
above the rapids, 120 miles below Cincinnati, 50 .
W. Frankfort. Lat. 38° 10' N. Lon. 85° 30' W.
Pop. in 1810, 1,357 ; in 1819, estimated at 4,500.
It contains an elegant court-house ; a jail ; a thea-
tre; 3 banks, one of them a branch of the U. S.
bank; an insurance company ; a market-house ;
3 houses for public worship, 1 for Roman Cathol-
ics, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists ; 3
printing offices ; and 670 dwelling houses, princi-
pally brick. — Among the manufacturing establish-
ments is a distillery, established by a company
formed in New-England in 1816, and incorporated
in this State, under the name of the Hope Distil-
lery company. It is the most extensive establish-
ment of the kind in the U. S. yielding 1 ,200 gal-
lons per day. Here also are 5 tobacco manufacto-
ries ; a factory for the construction of steam en-
gines, in which about 60 workmen are employed;
a soap and candle manufactory, supposed to be the
largest in the western country, and producing
12,000 pounds of soap, and 6,000 pounds of can-
dles per week ; a sugar refinerv : a steam flour
53
LOW
417
mill, and 2 steam saw mills. The commerce of
Louisville and Shippingport has increased aston-
isliingly withm a few years. There are now up-
wards of 25 steam-boats, measuring together 6,050
tons, employed in their commerce. A canal
around the rapids of the Oliio at this place has
long been m contemplation ; but nothing effectual
has yet been done.
Louistown, t. Talbot co. Md. on the W. side of
Tuckahoe creek, 4 m. N. Kingston, 7 N. E.
Easton.
Louie, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 9 m. N. Faro.
Lon. 7° 54' W. Lat. 37° 8' N. Pop. 5,000.
Lounganfou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Shansee. Lon. 116° 5& E. Lat. 31° 48' N.
Loup, r. France, which runs into the Mediter-
ranean, in lon. 7° 12' E. lat. 43° 38' N.
Lourde, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 12 m. S.
W. Tarbes. Pop. 2,750.
Lourisian, a mountainous district of Irak, in
Persia, bordering on Khusistan.
Louro, or Luro, (an. Elathera) t. Eu. Turkey,
in Alkania, 12 m. W. by S. Arta.
Locsia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 35 m. S. Ni-
copolis. Pop. 3,000.
Louth, t. Eng. in the N. E. part of Lincoln co<
and a place of considei-able and increasing trade,
having a n? /igable canal to the sea. 28 m. N. E.
Lincoln, 36 N. Boston, 144 N. London. Lon. 0°
1' E. Lat. 53° 22' N. Pop. 4,76 1.
Louth, maritime co. Ireland, bounded N. by Ar-
magh, and E. by the Irish channel. Area, 177,9.26
acres, or 278 square miles. Pop. estimated at
57,000. Proportion of Catholics to Protestants as
15 to 1.
Louth, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake Oa-
tario.
Loulre, t. Montgomery co. Missouri.
Louvain, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on
the Dyle, and the canal of Louvain. It owes its chief
celebrity to its university, founded originally in
1420, and suppressed by the French in Octoiser,
1797, but since re-established. It was formerly
noted for its extensive manufactures of linen and
woollens, which have now declined. The making
of woollens and lace, howevrff, still continues to-
employ a number of the inhabitants ; but the great
manufacture is beer, for which Louvain has long
been celebrated. It was taken by the French in
1746 and 1794. 14 m. E. by N. Brussels, and 20
S. E. by S. Antwerp. Lon. 4" 41' 46" E. Lat. 50°
53' 26" N. Pop. 25,400.
Loia-aine, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 20 m.
N. by W. Angers. Pop. 1,500. *
Louvegne, t. Netherlands, 11m. S. E. Liege.
Pop. 1,600.
Louviers, t. France, in Eure, 16 m. S. Rouen,
Pop. 6,800.
LouHgne du Desert, t. France, in Ille-and-Vil-
laine, 33 m. N. E. Rennes. Pop. 3,000.
Louvres, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 14 m. N.
E. Paris. Pop. 1,050.
Louza, t. Portugal, in Beira, 17 m. E. by S. Co-
imbra. Pop. 2,600.
Low Green Point, cape on the E. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 106° E. Lat. 3" 12' S.
Lowen, t. S-lesia, on the Neisse, Lon. 17° 33' E.
Lat. 50° 40' N. Pop. 1,100.
Lowenberg, or Lembcrs, t. Silesia, on the Bo-
ber, 63 m. W. Breslau. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat. 51°
5' N. Pop. 3,40(J.
Loicenstein, a county in the S. W. of Germanv,
in Wirtcmberg. Pop. 48,000.
418
L U B
Lower guivre, t. St. Charles co. Missouri.
Lowers, v. Switz. in Schweitz, 4 m. W. by N.
Schweitz.
Lowestoft, t. Eng. on the coast of Suffolk. The
trade coi>sists principally in the fisheries, chiefly
that of herrings. 9 m. S. Yarmouth, 1J3 N. E.
London. Lon. 1° 43' E. Lat. 52''29'N. Pop. 3,189.
Lowhill, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 632.
Loicicz, t. Poland, 42 m. W. Warsaw. Pop.
^,400.
Lowositz,i. Bohemia, 4m. W. S.W. Leutmeritz.
Lowrey''s mills, p-v. Chesterfield co. S. C.
Lowton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. E. New-
ton. Pop. 1,647.
Loivvllle, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river,
57 m. N. Utica, 160 from Albany. Pop. 1,643.
The village of Lowville is handsomely built. Here
is an academy.
Loxa, t. Spain, in Granada, on the Xenil. It
has some salt-works and manufactures of copper.
30 m. W. Granada, 18 S. S. E. Cordova. Lon. 4°
18' W. Lat. 37" 18' N. Pop. 9,000.
Loxa, a province of Quito. Loxa, the capital,
stands in a beautiful and extensive valley, 237 m.
from Quito, and contains 10,000 inhabitants. Lon.
79" 15' W. Lat. 3" 59' S.
Loxa, rock, near the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83"
57' VV. Lat. 23" 13' N.
Loyalsock, r. Lycoming co. Pa. which runs into
the E. branch of Susquehannah, 26 m. above Sun-
bury.
Loi/ahock, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 850.
Loyola, San Luis de, t. in the viceroyalty of Bu-
enos Ayi-es, 170 m. S. E. Mendoza. Lou. 65" 44' W.
Lat. 33" IC' S.
Loyola, city of Quito, on the river Veriel, 13 m.
S. E. Valladolid. Lat. 4° 45' S.
Loysborough, p-v. Anderson co. Tennessee.
Loire, r. Congo, in Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, in lat. 7" 55' S.
Lozere, department in the S. of France, bound-
ed by the departments of the Cantal, the Upper
Loire, the Ardcche, the Gard, and the Aveyron.
Extent, 2,100 square miles. Pop. 144,000.
Lu,t. Piedmont, 9 m. W. Alessandria. Pop.2,fi00.
Luabo, r. W. Africa, one of the branches into
which the Zambeze divides, before entering the
Indian ocean.
Luana, Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 77° 51' W. Lat. 18" 2' N.
Luango, t. Spain, in Asturia, 23 m. N. Oviedo.
Pop. 1,800.
LMbau,^ or Liebau, t. Silesia, 30 ra. N. W. Glatz.
Pop. 1,750.
Lubbeke, t. Prussian states, 14 ra. W. Minden.
Pop. 2,000.
Lubben, or Lubio, t. Prussian States, 50 m. S.
S. E. Berlin. Lon. 13" 45' W. Lat. 51" 57' N. Pop.
3,100.
Lubbenau, t. Prussian states, on the Spree, 58
ni. N. Dresden. Lon. 13" 52' E. Lat. 51" 53' N.
Pop. 2,150.
Lubec, Isle, isl. off the N. coast of Java. Lon.
11 2" 45' E. Lat. 5" 48' S.
Luier A, a free city in the north of Germany, on
the Travc, a navigable river, which joins the Bal-
tic about 8 miles below. It is surrounded by
walls ; but the other military defences, which
were of great strength, were demolished after the
town was surrendered to the French in 1806, and
the moat has been filled up. Lubeck was former-
ly a bishop's see, and still has a cathedral and
four parish churches. The council-house was in
LUG
former agea the place of meeting for the deputies
from the Hanse towns, among whom Lubeck had
the precedence. The imports consist chiefly of
wine from France, and manufactures from Eng-
land ; the whole to no great amount, Hamburgh
having great advantages, from its easier access to
the ocean, and more extensive communication
with the interior. Lubeck now forms part of the
Germanic confederation, and along with the other
free towns, sends a deputy to the diet. Pop. of the
city, 25,500 ; but including the annexed territo-
ry, it is 40,650. 33 m. N. Lauenburg, 36 N. E.
Hamburgh, 149 S. by W. Copenhagen. Lon. 10*
50' E. Lat. 53" 51' N.
Lubeck, p-t. Washington co. Maine, at the S. E,
extremity of the State, on a peninsula, on the W.
side of Passamaq noddy bay, 4 m. S. S. E. of East-
port, 23 E. N. E. Machias. It is a new town,
commenced in 1815, and is well situated for com-
merce. It has a custom house, an excellent har-
bor, and considerable trade.
Luben, t. Silesia, 13 m. N. Liegnitz. Fop. 2,350-
Lubesac, t. France, in Correze, 8 m. W, Uzer-
che. Pop. 3,100.
Lubim, in Sac. Geog. the name of the inhabit-
ants of Libya. See Libya.
Lubitz, or Lups, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg
Schwerin, on the Elbe. Lon. 12° E. Lat. 53° 30'
N. Pop. 1,200.
Imblau, or Lublyo, t. Hungary, near the Pop-
rad, 15 m. N. E. Kasmark. Lon. 20" 44' E. Lat.
49" 13' N. Pop. 2,000.
Lublin, a palatinate of the kingdom of Poland,
erected in 1816. Area, 6,447 square miles. Pop,
468,500. Lublin, the capital, stands on the Bis-
tricza, almostsurrounded by lakes and marshes. It
has a castle, and is the see of a bishop. It has three
great yearly fairs, which last each a month, and
are attended by German, Greek, Armenian, Ara-
bian, Russian, Turkish, and other traders. 85 m.
S. E. Warsaw. Lon. 22" 30' E. Lat. 51° 15' N.
Pop. 7,100.
Lublinitz, t. Silesia, 79 m. S. E. Breslau. Pop.
1,350.
Lubny, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 104 m. E. S.
E.Kiev. Lon. 33° 3' 45" E. Lat. 50" 0' 37" N. Pop,
5,300.
Luc, t. France, in Var, 15 m. S. Draguignan.
Pop. 2,700.
Lucala, r. Angola, Africa, which falls into the
Coanza at Massingano.
Lucan, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of King
George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 223° 58' E.
Lat. 58" 7' N.
Lucanas, province, Peru. It has productive
silver mines. Its capital is of the same name, and
is in lat. 14° 58' S.
Lucar de Mayor, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the
Guadiamar, 10 m. W. Seville. Pop. 2,000.
Lucas, or Luque, parish, Paraguay, on the river
Paraguay, 6 m. N. E. Assumption, Lon. 57" 32' W.
Lat. 25" 15' S.
Lucay, t. France, in ludre, 6 m. S. W. Valea-
cay. Pop. 1.000.
Lu^ayos Islands. See Bahamas.
Lucca, a duchy of Italy, surrounded by Tusca-
ny, Modena, and the Mediterranean. Extent, 420
square miles. Pop. 138,000. Two-tliirds of its
territory are supi)osed to be covered by mountains
and defiles; the remainder comprises 1 he delight-
ful plain around the city, and a number of fertile
vallies. From the middle of the 15th century till
1005, Lucca was an independent republic. In
LUC
LU D
419
!805 its government was changed by the French ;
but in 1815, by the lOlst act of the congress of Vi-
enna, it was erected into a duchy, and given as an
indemnity to the infanta of Spain, Maria Louisa.
Lu€ca, a city of Italy, capital of the duchy of the
same name, is situated in^a fertile plain, watered
by the Serchio, and surrounded with beautifully
cultivated hills. Its fortifications, though regular,
and in good repair, are not of great strengtli. It
is the seat of the government offices, and the see of
an archbishop. It has likewise an university, a
large school, and an academy of arts and sciences.
The chief manufactures are of cloth and silk ; and
the trade in the latter article, and in olive oil, is
very considerable. 19 m. N. N. E. Leghorn, 28 W.
Florence. Lon. 10" 34' E. Lat. 43" 54' N. Pop.
15,000.
Luce, r. Scotland, in Wigtonshire, which falls
into the sea at the bay of Luce.
Luce, Bay of, or Gleriluce Bay, a spacious bay
in Wigtonshire, Scotland, 20 miles wide at the
entrance.
Lucea Harbour, bay on theN. side of Jamaica,
14 m. W. Montego bay. Lon. 78° 9' W. Lat. 18°
28' N.
Lucena, t. Spain, in Cordova, 32 m. S. S. E.
Cordova. Lon. 4" 29' W, Lat, 37° 32' N. Pop.
12,000.
Lucera, t. Naples, in the Capitanata. It is the
see of a bishop. 32 m. N. E. Benevento. Pop.
3,400.
Lucerna, t. Piedmont, 6 m. S. Pinerolo. Pop.
1,200.
Lucerne, canton in the heart of Switzerland, ad-
jacent to Zurich, Schweitz, and Unterwalden.
Extent, 740 square miles. Pop. nearly 87,000. It
is one of the lejist mountainous portions of Swit-
zerland. Corn is raised in abundance ; also flax
and hemp, vines, Lc. The only literary institu-
tion is the college, belonging formerly to the Jesu-
its, who were restored in 1819, contrary to the
wishes of a part ol the inhabitants. Lucerne is
the most powerful and zealous of the Catholic can-
tons.
Lucerne, the capital of the above canton, is on
the Reuss, where it issues from the lake of Lu-
cerne. It is on both sides of the river, and its two
parts communicate by four bridges. The view
from theso bridges is very picturesque. 42 in. E.
Berne, 16 W. by N. Schweitz. Lon. 8° 18' E. Lat,
47' 3' N, Pop, nearly 7,000.
Lucerne, lake, Switzerland, between the can-
tons of Unterwalden, Lucerne, Schweitz, and Uri :
it is also called the lake of Waldstadtc. It is 25
miles long, and is the lai-gest and most romantic
lake in the interior of Switzerland.
Lucero, Puntade, cape on the N. coast of Spain.
Lon, 3° 5' \V. Lat. 43" 22' N,
Luchow, t. Hanover, 36 m. S. E. Luneburg.
Pop. 1,900.
Lucipara, or Lusipara, small isl. near the S.
coast of Banca. Lon. 106" 20^ E. Lat, 3" 14' S.
Luckau, t. Prussian states, 55 m. N. Dresden.
Fop. 2,500.
Luckenwald, t. Prussian Saxony, 32 m. S, Ber-
lin. Pop. 3,500.
LuckeWs, p-v. Orange co. Va,
Luckhore, t Hind, in Bahar, 20 m, N. E. Patna.
Luckiduar, fort, Hind, in Bootan, Lon, 89" 20'
E. Lat, 26" 50' N.
Lucknow, district, Hind, in Oude, between 26°
and 27° N. lat.
Lucknow, city, Hind, and cap. of Oude, on the
S. bank of the river Goomty, a branch of the Gan-
ges, which is navigable for middling sized boats
at all seasons of the year. It is a very ancient
city, and was for a long period the residence of the
nabobs of Oude, In the vicinity of the city is the
dwelling of the British resident, and other Euro-
pean inhabitants. The Church Missionary Socie-
ty have established schools in this city. Lon, 80"
55' E, Lat. 26" 24' N. Pop. estimated at 300,000.
Liicknoivty. See Gour.
Luckput Bunder, t. Hind, in Cutch, 30 m, up
the Lory river, which is navigable for small ves-
sels, Lon. 68" 58' E, Lat. 23" 47' N.
Luckyporc, t. Bengal. Here the E. India com-
pany have an extensive factory for the manufac-
ture of coarse cotton cloths, Lon, 90" 43' E. Lat.
22°56'N.
Lucon, t, France, in La Vendee, 20 m, W. Fon-
tenay. Pop. 2,700.
Lucon, or Luconia, the principal of the Philip-
pine islands, in the Eastern seas, on which stands
Manilla, the metropolis. It is 400 miles from N. to
S. and from 90 to 120 broad. The country is for
the most part mountainous. The climate is moist,
and the soil fertile. Cotton, indigo, sugar, tobac-
co, coffee, and generally all sorts of tropical pro-
duce, grow in great abundance. Gold is found in
every part of the island. The natives are govern-
ed by the Spaniards with the most ridiculous se-
verit)'. The most impolitic, useless, and ruinous
taxes are frequently imposed, with a total indiffer-
ence to the interests of the people. The island
lies between 13° and 19° N.lat. and 120° and 124°
E, lon. Pop. estimated at 900,000.
Lucos, (an, Lixus,) r, Morocco, which falls into
the Atlantic at Larache,
Lxicotta, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 97° 25' E, Lat. 1° 43' N,
Ludamar, country. Central Africa, bounded S,
by Kaarta and Bambarra, and N, by the Sahara,
or Great Desert, The inhabitants consist entirely
of Moors, of the mostbigotted and intolerant char-
acter, Bcnown is the capital, Lo% 5" to 8° W,
Lat. 15" to 16° N,
Lvdehaunah, t. and fortress. Hind, situated on
the N, VV, boundary of the province of Delhi, and
on the S, bank of the Suttelege, the most mditary
station which the British possess in Hindostan.
180 m, N.N. W, Delhi. Lon. 75" 32' E. Lat, 30"
53' N,
Ludenscheide, t, Prussian states, 28 m. N. E.
Cologne. Pop, 1,350,
Luder, Gross, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 7
m, S. W.Fulda, Pop. 1,250,
Ludgershall, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, It is a bo-
rough, and sends two members to Parliament. 7 1
m. W. S. W. London, Pop. 487.
Ludloir, i. Eng. in Shropshire, on the Teme.
Ludlow castle still bears marks of its former gran-
deur, Ludlow sends two members to Parliament.
29 m, S. Shrewsburv, 32 N. W. Worcester, 142
N. W, London. Lon. 2" 42' W. Lat. 52° 22' N.
Pop. 4,150.
Ludlow, p-t. Windsor co. Vt 16 m. W. Wind-
sor, Pop. 877.
Ludlow, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. N. E.
Springfield. Pop. 730.
Ludlow, or Yellow Springs, Greene co, Ohio, 9
m. N, Xenia. It is a beautiful spot, and is much
frequented on account of its medicinal springs.
Ludlowville, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y.
Ludwigsburg, t. Germany, in Wirtember^, oij
the Neckar, 7 miles N. Stuttgard. Pop. 5,358.
420
L U N
Ludwigsburg, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
on a bay of the Baltic, 5 m, E. N. E. Griefswald.
Ludwigslust, t. Germany, in Meciilinburg-
Schwerin, 22 m. S. Schv/erin. Pop. 2,400.
Lufuna, r. Congo, in Africa, which falls into tlie
Atlantic, in lat. 8" 26' S.
Luga, t. Russia, 97 m. S, St. Petersburg. Lon.
29" 30' E. Lat. 58" 25' N.
Lugano, or Lauis^ t. Switzerland, cap. of Tici-
no, on the N. side of lake Lugano, 16 m. N. W.
Como. Lon. 8" 57' 35" E. Lat. 45° 59' 56'' N. Pop.
4.350.
Lugano, lake, Switzerland, in the canton of the
Ticino, 25 miles long. It communicates with the
lake Maggiore by the river Tresa, and with the
lake Piano by the Canale INuovo.
Lugg, r. Eng. which joins the Wye a few miles
below flereford.
Lugger shall. See Ludgcrshall.
Lugny, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 10 m. N.
Macon. Pop. 1,150.
Lugo, citv, Spain, in Galicia, near the Minho,
51 m. E. Santiago. Lon, 7" 34' W. Lat. 43" N.
Pop. 4,800.
Lugo, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 15 m.
S. Ferrara. Pop. 3,000.
Lugr.s, or Lvgosch, t. Hungary, on the Temes,
35 m.' E. Temesvar. Pop. 4,600.
Lugion, a river of Scotland, which issues from
Lc^h Libo, in Renfrewshire, and falls into the
Garnock.
Lugwardine, a parish of England, in Hereford-
shire, 3 m. E. by N. from Hereford. Pop. 518.
Luhith, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Moabites.
Luino, t. Austrian Italy, on the E. bank of the
lake Maggiore, \o m. S. Locarno.
Luke's Keys, two small islands near the coast of
Honduras. Long. 86" 35' W. Lat. 15" 50' N.
Lulea, s-p. Sweden, at the mouth of the Lulea,
a large na\agable river. 68 m. W. Tornea. Lon.
22" 4' E. Lat. 65" 35' 30" N. Pop. 1,000.
Lulea Lappmark, an extensive district of Swe-
dish Lapland It takes its name from the river
Luloa, which flows through it. Pop. 22,000.
Lumberland, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware
river. Pop. 525.
Lumberton, p-t. and cap. Robeson co. N. C. 33
m. S. S. W. Fayetteville, 31 fr. Winnefield.
Lumcllo, t. Sardinian states, 44 m. E. N. E. Tu-
rin. Pop. 3,500.
Luna, Punta de, cape on the N. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 75" 8' W. Lat. 21° 12' N.
Lunan Bay, fine bay on the coast of Scotland,
In Forfarshire, at the mouth of the river Lunan, 4
m. S. Montrose. Lon. 4" 27' W. Lnt. 56" 37' N.
Lunawara, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73" 46'
E. Lat. 23° 5' .-v.
Luncarty, or Loncarty, t. Scotland, 5 m. N.
Perth.
Lund, or Lunden, t. Sweden, in Schonen, 5 m.
from the Baltic. In 1666, a university was found-
ed here by Charles XI. which has 300 students,
5 professors, a botanical garden, an anatomical
theatre, a cabinet of curiosities, and a library of
20,000 volumes. 21 m. E. Copenhagen, 38 S.' W.
Christianstadt. Lon. 13" 12" E. Lat. 55" 42' N.
Pop. 3,300.
Lunden, t. Denmark, 62 m. N.N.W. Hamburgh.
Lundenhurg, or Brzedslav, t. Moravia, on the
Theya, 36 m. E. Brunn. Pop. 1,500.
Lundy Island, isl. at the mouth of the Bristol
channel off the coast of Devonshire, Eng. Lon.
4*'9'W. Lat. 51" 20' N.
L U S
Lune, r. Eng. which runs into the Tees below
Longton.
J^uneburg, a province in the N. W. part of Han-
over, along the left bank of the Elbe. Extent,
4,236 sq. miles. Pop. 246,000. It is watered by
the AUer, the Ilmenau,"the Oker, the Jeetze, and
the Fuhse. Wherever the soil has any considera-
ble elevation, it is sandy, and apt to run into heath;
but, on the banlis of the rivers, there are many
fertile districts.
Luneburg, t. Hanover, cap. of the above prov-
ince, on the Ilmenau, 36 m. S. E. Hamburg, 40 S.
Lubec. It carries on a considerable trade in
horses, and has also a very fine salt-spring, from
which salt is manufactured in considerable quan-
tities. Pop. 10,000.
Lunel, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 4,200.
Lunen, t. Prussian states, at the conflux of the
Lippe and Lesick, 20 m. S. S. W. Munster. Pop.
1,050.
Lunenburg, co. Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay,
which sets up from the Atlantic.
Lunenburg, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 35
m. S. W. Halifax, 27 N. by E. Liverpool.
Lunenburg, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 45 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 714.
Lunenburg, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 25 m. N.
Worcester, 45 N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,371.
Lunenburg, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop.
12,265. Slaves, 7,155. At the court-house is a
post-office, 26 m. from Mecklenburg.
Lunecille, t. France, in Meurthe, near the
junction of the Vesoul and the Meurthe. It is
well known for the treaty concluded between Aus-
tria and the French republic, on the 9th February,
1801. 12 m. E. S. E. Nancy, 80 W. Strasburg.
Lon. 6" 34' E. Lat. 48° 36' N. Pop. 10,500.
Lungro, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 10 m. S. S.
W. Cassano. Pop. 2,700.
Lunzenau, t. Saxony, 2 m. N. E. Penig. Pop.
1,150.
Lunsey, t. Burman empire, on the W. bank of
the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 10' E. Lat. 18°
25' N.
Lupana, isl. of the Adriatic, near Ragusa.
Lupata, mountains in E. Africa, which extend
along nearly the whole of Mosambique and Zan-
guebar parallel to the sea.
Luque, t. Spain, in Cordova, 28 m. S. E. Cordo-
va. Pop. 2,750.
Luray, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Lure, t. France, 17 m. E. by N. Vesoul. Pop.
2,000.
L'jrgqn, t. Ireland, in Armagh co. 14 m. N. E.
Armagh.
Lurgan Green, v. Ireland, in Louth, 37i m. fr.
Dublin.
Lurin, t. Peru, 18 m. fr. Lima.
Lusan, t. Buenos Avres, 30 m. W. Buenos Ayree.
Lon. 59" 20' W. Lat." 34° 36' S.
Lusatia, formerly a province of the German
empire, with the title of a mar»raviate, lying be-
tween the Elbe and the Oder, and surrounded by
Brandenburg, Bohemia, Silesia, and part of Sax-
ony. It was divided into Upper and Lower Lu-
satia, both of which belonged to Saxony until 1815.
Extent of the whole, about 4,250 sq. miles. Pop.
about 465,000. Upper Lusatia formed the south-
ern and larger part of the margraviate, and con-
tained 2,300 sq. miles. The chief wealth of this
country arises from its manufactures : among
which are woollens, linen, cotton, leather, stock-
LUX
ings, gloves and hats. By the treaty of Vienna,
the half of this province was annexed to Prussia,
and is now included in the government of Lieg-
jiitz in Silesia. The part that remaine to Saxony,
is computed at 1,170 sq. miles, and the population
at 170,000. Lower Lusatia formed the northern
part of the margraviate, and now belongs entirely
to Prussia. Its surface is computed at 1,940 sq.
miles.
Lusignan, t. France, in Vienne, 15 m. S. W.
Poitiers.
Lmigny^ t. France, in Aube, 9 m. S. E. Troyes.
Pop. 1,200.
Lusk, V. Ireland, in Dublin, 12 m. N. Dublin.
Ltiso, small r. Italy, which runs into tlie Adri-
atic, a little N. of Rimini.
Ltissac, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m. E. N. E.
Libourne. Pop. 2,100.
Lussac les Chateaux, t. France, 28 m. S. E. Poi-
tiers. Pop. 1,400.
Lussac les Eglises, t. France, in Upper- Vienna,
16 m. N. by E. Bellac. Pop. 1 ,300.
Lussaudiere, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m.
S.W Three-Rivers.
Lussin, Grande and Piccolo, two islands in the
Adriatic, in the gulf of Quarnero, S. W^. Cherso.
Population of Lussin Grande, 7,000.
Lutanger, small isl. near the S. coast of Minda-
nao. Lon. 123" 15' E. Lat. 7° 19' N.
Luteefghur, or Luteefpore, fort, Hind, in Alla-
habad, 14 m. S. Chunar.
Luton, t Eng. in Bedford, on the river Lea, 31
m. N. W. London. Lon. 0° 25' W. Lat, 51° 53' N.
Lutry, t. Swiss canton of Vaud, on the lake of
G eneva, 3 m. E. Lausanne.
Luttenburg, t. Austrian states, 116 S.Vienna.
Lon. 16° 8' E. Lat. 46° 35' N.
Lutterberg, t. Hanover, on the Oder, 15 m. S.
Gosslar. Pop. 2,300.
Lutleringftausen, a large village of the Prussian
states, in the duchy of Berg. Pop. 1,700.
Lutterloh, t. Orleans co. Vt. 34 m. N. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 101.
Lutterworth, t. Eng. in Leicester co. on the
Swift, 14 m, S. Leicester, 89 S. W. London. Lon.
1° 11' W. Lat. 52° 27' N. Pop. 1,848.
Lutstn, t. Prussian Saxony, well known for the
battle in 1813, when the French, under Bona-
parte, defeated the combined forces of Prussia and
Russia. 11 m. W. S. W. Leipsic.
Luxan, t. Peru, 18 leagues from Lima.
Luxemburg, province in the S. E. part of the
kingdom of the Netherlands, inclosed by the Prus-
sian states on the Rhine, a part of the French
frontier, and the provinces of Namur and Liege.
Extent, 2,400 sq. miles. Pop. 226,000, composed
of Germans, French and Walloons, mostly Catho-
lics. The country is mountainous and woody.
Luxemburg was erected, by the congress of Vi-
enna in 1815, into a grand duchy, and ceded, as
a compensation for his territory in Germany, to
the king of the Netherlands, who, in addition to
his other titles, takes that of grand duke of Lux-
emburg.
Luxemburg, t. Netherlands, and capital of the
grand duchy of Luxemburg. It is reckoned one
of the strongest places in Europe. It is divided,
by the river Alsitz, into the Upper and Lower
Town. The former is built on a steep rock, out
of which the fortifications are excavated; the
latter in a deep valley. 130 m. S. E. of Brussels,
L Y M
421
and 220 S. E. by S. of the Hague. Lon. 6° 9' E.
Lat. 49° 37' N. Pop. 9,000.
Luxeuil, t. France, in Upper-Saone, 37 m. N-
Besancon. Pop. 3,100.
Luxor, V. Upper Egypt, occupying part of the
site of ancient Thebes.
Luya and Chillaos, a province of Peru, contain-
ing 3,500 inhabitants. The capital is of the same
name, Lon. 75° 41' W, Lat. 5° 33' S.
Luynes, t. France, in the Indre-and-Loire, 9 m.
W. Tours. Pop. 2,150.
Luz, or Beth-Luz, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine,
between Jerusalem and Sichem. It was the seat
of Jeroboam's idolatrous worship, and is hence
called by the prophets Bethhaven (House of Idols.)
Lusara, I. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on
the Po, 16 m. S. Mantua. Pop. 1,500.
Luzarches, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 20 m.
N. Paris. Pop. 1,700. .
Luzerne, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 7
m. S. W. Caldwell, 10 W. SandyhiU. Pop. 1,015.
Luserne, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of
Susquehannah, Wayne, Northampton, Northum-
berland, Lycoming and Bradford. Pop. 18,109.
Chief town, Wilkesbarre.
Luzerne, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Monongahe-
la, 16 m. N. W. Union. Pop. 1,538.
Luzko, or Luck, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhvnia, 176
m. S. E. Warsaw. Lon. 25° 19' E. Lat. 50° 40'
N, Pop, 2,500.
Lychn, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 40 m. N.
Berlin. Pop. 1,150.
Lyck, or Oelk, t. East Prussia, 78 m. S. E. Konigs-
berg. Lon. 22° 38' E. Lat. 53° 39' N. Pop. 1,900.
Lycaoma, in Sac. Geog. a country of Natolia,
between Pamphylia, Cappadocia and Pisidia. Its
principal cities were Lystra, Derbe and Iconium.
The language of the Lycaonians was peculiar,
and was a dialect of the Greek.
Lycia, in Sac. Geog. a country of Natolia,
bounded N. by Phrygia and Lydia, E. by Pam-
phylia, S. by the Mediterranean, and W. by Caria.
Lycoming, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties ot
Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Luzerne, Northumber-
land, Centre, Clearfield and M'Kean. Pop.
1 1 ,006. Chief town, Williamsport.
Lycoming, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 795.
Lycoming creek, r. Pa. which runs into the W.
branch of the Susquehannah, between Williams-
port and Newberry.
Lydd, t. Eng. in Kent. It is a member of the
Cinque Ports, being joined with Romney. 37 ra.
S. E. Maidstone, 71 S. E. London, Pop. 1,504.
Lydda, in Sac. Geog. v. Palestine, near the
Mediterranean, 14 m. N. E. Joppa, 32 W. Jeru-
salem.
Lydia, in Sac. Geog. province of Natolia, on the
.SCgean sea, between Caria and Phrygia.
Lyman, t. York co. Maine, 25 m. N. York. Pop.
1,248.
Lyman, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river, 13 m. above Haverhill. Pop. 948.
Lyme, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. N. E. Dart-
mouth college. Pop., 1,670.
Lyme, p-t. New London co. Ct. on the E, side of
Connecticut river, at its mouth, opposite Saybrook,
40 m, E. New Haven, 40 S, E, Hartford. Pop.
4,321 , It has 6 houses of public worship. The
shad fishery is carried on extensively at this place,
A number of vessels are owned here, which are
employed in the coasting trade.
Lyme> t. Jefferson co, N, Y. on Lake Ontario.
422
L Y N
Lyme Regis, borough and seaport, Eng. in Dor-
set, is chiefly remarkable for its excellent artificial
harbour. 9 m. W. Bridport, 143 S. W. London,
Lon.2°55'W. Lat. 50M3' N. Pop. 1,925.
Lymjiord, a long narrow gulf of Denmark, in
North Jutland, which communicates with the
Cattegat, in Ion. 10° 20' E. lat. 56° 59' N. It runs
W. across the peninsula, until within a few miles
of the German ocean.
Lymington, a borough and seaport, Eng. in
Hampshire, opposite Yarmouth, in the Isle of
Wight, long known for its salt-works, 18 m. S. W.
Southampton, 95 S. W. London. Lon. 1° 33' W.
Lat. 50° 46' N. Pop. 2,641.
Lymme, a parish of England, in Cheshire, 5 m.
from Warrington. Pop. 1,908.
Lynchburg, p-t. and cap. Campbell co. Va. on
the S. bank of James river, 20 miles below the
great falls, where the river breaks through the
Blue Ridge, 12 m. N. Campbell C. H. 12 E. N. E.
New London, 100 W. Richmond, 160 S.W. Wash-
ington. All these distances are measured in right
lines. Lon. 79° 20' W. Lat. 37° 30' 26"N. It was
established in 1786 ; in 1793 contained only five
houses; was incorporated in 1805; and in 1813the
town and vicinity contained a court-house, jail,
market-house, 2 banks, 4 houses of public wor-
ship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Methodists, 1 for
Friends, and 1 for Baptists ; 7 tobacco warehouses,
in which from 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco
were annually inspected ; 3 flour mills, 1 paper
mill, 1 carding machine, 3 cotton and woollen
manufactories, 44 dry goods' stores, 22 grocery
stores, 4 bookstores, and numerous other trading
and manufacturing establishments. The com-
merce of the town extends to the western counties
of Virginia, to Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and
Carolina. The productions of this fertile and
very extensive back country are brought to
Lynchburg, and carried down the river in bat-
teaux to Richmond. The principal articles are to-
bacco, wheat, flour, hemp, butter, whiskey, beef,
and live hogs. Pop. in 1813, estimated at 3,000 ;
in 1818, at 5,500. A marble manufactory has
been established on James river, at this place.
Lynch lake, p-v. Williamsburg district, S. C.
Lyndeborougk, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 m.
N. W. Amherst, 35 S. Concord. Pop. 1,074.
Lyndhurst, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 9^ In.
W. by S. Southampton. Pop. 1,015.
Lyndon, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 33 m. N. E.
Moiitpelier. Pop. 1,090.
Lyne, r. Scotland, in Peebleshire, which falls
into the Tweed about 3 m. above Peebles.
Lynn, p-t. Essex co. Mass. on the coast, 9 m. N.
E. Boston, 6 S. W. Salem. Pop. 4,087. It con-
tains a bank, and 5 houses of public worship — 2
for Methodists, and 1 each for Congregationalists,
Baptists and Friends. This town has long been
noted for the manufacture of ladies' shoes. The
number made here in 1811, was estimated at
1,000,000 pairs. They are sent in large quantities
to the southern states and W. Indies. Lynn Beach
is regarded as a curiosity. It connects the penin-
sula of Nahant with the main land, and is a fa-
vourite place of resort for parties of pleasure from
Boston, Salem and Marblehead.
Lynn, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,497.
Lynn creek, p-t. Giles co. Tennessee.
Lynncanal, inlet on the N.W. coast of America,
extending, in a northerly direction, about 60 miles
Irom the north extremity of Chatham strait. Lon.
of the S. entrance, 225° 12' E. Lat. 58" 12' N.
L Y 0
Lynnjield, t. Essex, co. Mass. 10 m. W. Salem-
11 m. E. Boston. Pop. 509.
Lynnhaven bay, on the coast of Va. at the S. end
of Chesapeake bay, 7 ffi, W. Cape Henry. Here,
in 1781, the Count de Grasse moored the principal
part of his fleet at the blockade of Yorktown.
Lipin Regis, or King''s Regis, a borough, Eng.
in Norfolk, on the Ouse, near its mouth. It sends
two members to parliament. 15 m. N. E. Wis-
beach, 20 S. W. Bumham Market, 96 N. by E.
London. Lon. 0" 25' E. Lat. 52° 46' N. Pop.
10,095.
Lynn river, r. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, which
empties into Lake Erie, in Woodhouse. It affords
a good harbour for batteaux.
Lyon, Loch, lake, Scotland, which discharges
itself into the "Pay, 2 m. below Kenmore.
Lyong, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near Oby.
Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat. 1° 39' S.
Lyons, or more properly Lyon, a large and cele-
brated city of France, before the revolution, cap.
of a province called Lyonnois, and now cap. of
the department of the Rhone. It is built at the
conflux of the Rhone and Saone. The houses are
for the most part of hewn stone, and are generally
five or six stories high, built in a heavy style of
architecture, remarkable for nothing but its solid-
ity. There are 4 public squares, one of which,
called La Place de Bellecour, is entitled to rank
among the finest in Europe. Among the literary
institutions, are an academy of sciences, founded
in 1700, and an academy of fine arts, in 1724.
The public library is said to contain about 120,000
volumes. Lyons is the first manufacturing town
in France, and is particularly noted for its silks.
In former years it supplied a great part of Europe
with silk goods. In 1789, the number of bales of
raw silk consumed in France, was about 12,000,
of which three-fourths were used at Lyons. Its
manufactures were greatly injured during the
troubles of the revolution. In 1800, the quantity
of silk used in France was only 5,500 bales, of
which Lyons used from 3,000 to 4,000. The other
manufactures suflTered in proportion. The num-
ber of looms at Lyons for velvet, silk, gauze, crape
and thread, was, at the commencement of the rev-
olution, 9,335, and the persons employed 58,600;
in 1803, there were 7,000 looms, but only 1,553 at
work. The large manufactory of felt hats, which
formerly employed 8,000 hands, had fallen to
1 ,500. The printing and bookselling of this place
are next to Paris in importance. The merchants
of Lyons have very extensive connections ; they
trade with Spain, Italy, Holland, Switzerland,
and even with the states of the north. From Spain
they import fine wool; from Italy, large quantities
of raw silk. Their transactions with the Levant
were at one time extensive. There are four an-
nual fairs, in January, May, August, and Novem-
ber, all well frequented. Within a few years, the
fine silk manufactures are beginning to resume
their former activity. The orders for goods in
1818 could scarcely be answered, and the quantity
exported in that year, was valued at 60,000,000
francs. Pop. before the revolution, 150,000; at
one period since it was reduced to about 80,0(30;
but is at present nearly 120,000. The town is the
see of an archbishop, and the seat of the provin-
cial courts. 190 m. N. by W. Marseilles, 280 S.
S. E. Paris, 300 E. N. E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 4° 49'
E. Lat. 45° 45' N.
Lyons, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Erie canal,
25 m. N. E. Canandaigua, 16 m. N. Geneva. The
M A C
village is handsomely built, and is the seat of con-
siderable Irade.
Lyons, Gulf of, the N. W. part of the Mediter-
ranean sea, extending along the S. of France,
from the coast of Catalonia on the W. to the gulf
of Genoa on the E.
Lyptau. See Liplau.
Lys, r. Netherlands, in W.Flanders, -which, after
a course of 100 m. falls into the Scheldt at Ghent.
MAC
423
Lysander, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Onondago
river, at the confluence of the Seneca, 20 m. N.
Onondago, 17 from Oswego. Pop. 624.
Lysburg, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 10 m. S,
S. W. Aire.
Lystra, in Sac. Geog. city of Lycaonia ; some,
however, assign it to Isauria.
Lythe, t. Eng. iu Yorkshire, 4 m. W. N. W.
Whitby. Pop. 991.
M.
Maadew. See Maden.
Maadie, lake Lower Egypt, between Aboukir
and Alexandria, communicating with the Medi-
terranean and with the lake Mareotis.
Maar, small isl. near the S. coast of Ceram.
Lon. 13" 25' E. Lat. 3" 30' S.
Maarra, t. Syria, 45 m. S. S. E. Aleppo.
Maasluys, t. Netherlands, in Holland, on an arm
of the Maese, 10 m. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 6,500.
Maasoe, isl. Norwegian Lapland, near the North
Cape. Lat. 70" 59' 54" N.
Maca, V. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 20 m. from
its mouth.
Mac Allister''s cross-roads, p-v. Montgomery co.
Ten.
Macao, t. China, on a peninsula, or rather an
island in the bay of Canton. It belongs to the
Portuguese, and is the only European settlement
within the limits of the Chinese empire. The
English and other nations have factories here.
Macao is a place of some extent ; the streets are
narrow and irregular ; the houses are built of
stone, on the European plan, but not elegantly.
Vessels of burden cannot enter the harbour ; but
must anchor six or seven miles to the east. The
place is defended by strong forts, mounted with
heavy cannon ; but the Portuguese garrison sel-
dom exceeds 250. Vessels destined for Canton,
are commonly detained about twenty-four hours
in Macao roads, till the Chinese government send
out a pilot, and permission to enter the Tigris.
This was at one time a place of the greatest im-
portance to the Portuguese, being the centre of
their trade, not only with China, but with Japan,
Siam, Cochin-China, and all the countries in this
part of Asia. Since the general decline of their
Indian trade, which has been prosecuted by other
nations with such superior success and activity,
Macao has sunk into a place of comparatively lit-
tle importance. Lon. ) 13° 32' E. Lat. 22° 10' N.
Macao, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 12 m. E. N.
E. Abrantes. Pop. 2,000.
Macara, r. Peru, which enters the Catamayu,
in lon. 18° 50' W. lat. 4° 22' 3.
Macare, isl. at the mouth of the Oronoco.
Macari. See Macri.
Macarsca, on the coast of Austrian Dalmatia,
opposite the islands of Lessina and Brassa, 36 m.
S. E. Spalatro. Pop. 1,500.
Macartney, Point, cape of a large island, on the
N. W. coast of America. Lon. 226° 12' E. Lat.
57° U' N.
Macas, v. Portugal, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lon. 9° 25' W. lat. 38" 51' N.
Macas, district of the provmce and government
of Quixos and Macas, in S. America, being the
most easterly part of the kingdom of Quito. Ma-
cas, tlie capital, formerly called Sevilla del Oro,
on account of its riches and gold mines, is 138 m.
S. of Quito. Lon. 77" 48' W. Lat. 2° 28' S.
Macassar, the chief settlement of the Dutch in
the island of Celebes, is on the S. W. coast, and
named by them Fort Rotterdam. The fort, which
is irregular and ancient, is considered by the na-
tives as impregnable. The settlement is flourish-
ing ; and Chinese junks from this place carry ou
a direct trade with China, so that the mixed pop-
ulation, of Dutch and half-casts, Chinese and na-
tives is very considerable. In 1810, the settlement
surrendered to the British without any resistance ;
but was again surrendered to the Dutch in 1814.
Lon. 119° 48' E. Lat. 5° 9' S.
Macassar, Straits of, the channel between Bor-
neo and Celebes, about 350 miles long, and from
110 to 140 miles wide.
Macau, t. France, in Gironde, on the Garonne.
10 m. N. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,300.
Macaulcy^s store, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C.
Macclesfield, a large and populous manufactu-
ring town of Cheshire, in England. Its manufac-
tures consist chiefly of cotton goods, wrought but-
tons, of silk, mohair, and twist, of which trade this
town has always been the centre. Coals are found
in the immediate neighbourhood of the town. 12
m. S. of Stockport, 11 W. Buxton, 19 S. Manches-
ter, 12 E. Knutsford, 167 N. W. London. Lon.
2" 8' W. Lat. 65° 15' N. Pop. 12,299.
Macclesfield Skoals, shoals in tiie Eastern seas,
Lon. 113" 40' to 114° 50' E. Lat. 15° 20' to 16"
10' N.
Mac CaWs bridge, p-v. York co. Pa.
Mac Cauni's store, p-v. Hawkins store. Ten.
Mac Connelsburg, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Here
is a medicinal spring. 26 m. from Hagerstown
Md.
Mac Connelsville, t. and cap. Morgan co. Ohio,
on the Muskingum, 25 m. S. E. Zanesville.
Mac Cullocfi's mills, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Mac Cullochsrilk, p-v. Union co. S. C,
Mac Cutchcnsville, p-v. Pickaway co. Ohio.
Macdaniehville, p-v. Spartan district, S. C.
Macdonougk, t. Chenango co. N. Y.
Macduff, t. Scotland, in Banff, which has one ot
the best harbours in Moray frith. Pop. 1,200.
Macedon, or Macedonia, province, Eu. Turkey,
extending from 39° 53' to 42° 4' of N. latitude, and
bounded by Servia, Romania, Thessaly, the Ar-
chipelago, and Albania. Extent, 15,780 sq. mile?.
424
MAC
Pop. tOOjOOO. The soil is in general fertile, and the
climate serene and healthy. In the southern dis-
tricts, and particularly on the coast, are produced
great quantities of corn, cotton, wine, oil, and to-
bacco. But the wealtli of the country at large lies
in its flocks of sheep, whose wool is in great request.
Upwards of 130,000 balesof it, to the value of nearly
1,500,000/. sterling, are annually exported to Ger-
many, France, and Italy, through the medium of
the port of Salonica.
Macer, r. Tripoli, which runs into the Mediter-
ranean, 20 m. E. Lebida.
Macerata, t. Italy, in the states of the church.
It is the seat of a university, and the see of a bishop.
20 m. S. Ancona, 100 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13"
26' E. Lat. 43" 18' N. Pop. 10,000.
Macerata di M. Feltro, t. Italy, in the Popedom,
10 m. N. W. Urbino. Lon. 12° 35' E. Lat. 43" '
48' N.
Mac Farland''s, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va.
Mac Gahey''s town, p-v. Rockingham co. Va.
Machai, r. Quito, which enters the Pastaza, in
lat. r 27' S.
Machala, t. Quito, 55 m. N. N. W. Loxa. Lon.
79° W. Lat 3" 15' S.
Machangara, r. Quito, which falls into the
Tumbaco on the W. side, in lat. 10° S.
Machecoul, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 18
m. S. W. Nantes. Lon. 1° 44' W. Lat 47° N.
Pop. 1,900.
Machery, district. Hind, in Agra. Machery,
the capital, is in lon. 77" 15' E. lat 27" 35' N.
Machian, one of the Molucca islands, near the
W. coast of Gilolo. It is 18 miles in circumfer-
ence. The principal articles of commerce are
cloves and sago. It is situated a little N. of the
line. Lon. 127° 21' E.
Machiana, isl. S. America, at the mouth of the
Amazon, about 15 miles long, and 3 broad. It
lies nearly under the line. Lon. 57" 2' W.
Machias, r. in the S. E. part of Maine, formed
of two branches, the eastern and western, which
unite at a place within the town of Machias, call-
ed the Rim. After the junction of the two
branches, the river wideias into a bay called Ma-
chias bay, which communicates with the ocean at
Cross island, 6 miles below. There are falls on
each of the branches, about three miles above
their confluence, which afford numerous seats for
mills.
Machias, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Washing-
ton CO. Maine, on Machias bay, 40 m. W, S. W.
Eastport, 236 N. E. Portland. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Pop. in 1810, 1,570 ; in 1826, 2,033. The princi-
pal settlement is at the falls of the west branch of
Machias river. It contains the court-house and
other county buildings. At the falls of the east
branch of the river, is another considerable vil-
lage. There is a post-office at each of the settle-
ments. Machias is a thriving town, and carries
on considerable trade, principally in lumber.
There are 26 saw-mills within the town, which
cut, on an average, upwards of 10,000,000 ieet of
boards in a year.
Machichaco, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Bis-
cay. Lon. 2° 47' \V. Lat. 43° 28' N.
Machi^asla, settlement, S. America, in Tucu-
man, 50 in. W. S. W. St. Fernand.
Machnowka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 60 m. E.
Braclaw. Pop. 2,350.
Machrianich Bay, Scotland, on the W. coast of
Kintyre. Lon. 5° 43' W. Lat 55° 27' N.
Machynlleth, t Wales, in Montgomery co. 18
MAC
m. N. E. Aberystwith, 206 N. W. Loudon. Lou.
3° 51' W. Lat 52" 35' N. Pop. 1,252.
Maciuccoli, t. Italy, 8 m. S. W. Lucca.
Mackenzie, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, in Cook's Inlet. Lat. 61° 13' N.
Mackenzie'' s river, one of the largest rivers in
N. America. It ibrms the outlet ot Slave lake,
and falls into the Frozen ocean, in about lat 70°
N.and lon. 135" VV. Its most distant sources are
Unjigah or Peace river, and Athapescow or Elk
river. Its whole course is about 2,000 miles.
Mucker more, small isl. near the W. coast of
Scotland. Lon. 6" 43' W. Lat. 55° 57' N.
Mackintosh, co. Geo. on the coast at the mouth
of the Alatamaha. Pop. 3,739. Slaves, 2,957.
Chief town, Darien. At the court-house is a
post-office, 12 m. N. Darien.
Mac Kean, co. Pa. bounded N. by New York,
E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield and Jefferson
counties, and W. by Warren co. Pop. 142.
Chief town, Cerestown.
Mackeysville, p-v. Burke co. N. C.
Mackinaw. See Michillimackinac.
Mac Mohan's creek, r. Ohio, which runs into
the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling.
Mac Minville, p-t. and cap. Warren co. West
Tennessee, S. E. Nashville.
Mofoor, district. Hind, in Berar, between 20*
and 21" N. lat It belongs to the Nizam.
Mackwa, t Hind, in Cicacole. Lon. 83° 24' E.
Lat. 18" 33' N.
Maclahsaul, t Hind, in Berar. Lon. 77" 34' E.
Lat 22° 4' N.
Macleod's Maidens, rocks in the Caledonia*
sea, near the W. coast of the island of Skye. Lon.
6"36'W. Lat 57" 23' N.
Macoi^na, fort, W. Africa, at the mouth of the
Rio St'Domingo. Lon. 12" 20' N.
Macoketch, r. JNlisiouri Territory, which falls
into the Mississippi, in lat 42° 23 N.
Macomb, co. Michigan Territory, on the river
Huron of St Clair. Chief town. Mount Cle-
mens.
Macomite, r. New Granada, which enters the
ocean, in lat. 1 1° 20' N.
Macon, t. France, cap. of Saone-and-Loire,
is on the right bank of the Saone. Tlie chief
trade of the town is in the wine of the sur-
rounding country. 42 m. N. Lyons, 250 S. E.
Paris. Lon. 4" 50' E. Lat 46° 18' N. Pop.
11,000.
Macon, r. which rises in Arkansaw Territory,
and flowing S. into Louisiana, joins the Tensaw.
Maconstille, or Da(vcey''s, p-v. Northampton co.
N. C.
Macoupin, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mis-
sissippi.
Macouria, r. Guiana, wliich runs into the At-
lantic, in lon. 53" 46' W. lat 5" N.
Macowall, t Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 55' E.
Lat 31° 14' N.
Macquarrie Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
18 m. long, and 6 broad, discovered in 1811, by
some resolute adventurers from New Holland.
Lon. 169" E. Lat 52° 41' S.
Macri, or Makri, s-p. Asia Minor, at the bottom
of a gulf of the same name. The harbor is excel-
lent, and the gulf affords deep water, and a safe
navigation. 125 m. S. E. Smyrna. Lon. 29'' 30'
E. Lat. 36" 58' N.
Macri, Cape, Eu. Turkey, in the Archipelago.
Lon. 25° 46' E. Lat 40" 27' N.
Macronisi, Cranae, or Helen, small isl. Greece,
M A D
at the S. extremity of Attica. Lon. 24" 17' E.
Lat. 37" 38' N. It is not inhabited, but affords
pasturage for sheep.
Macswine\'i Bay, Ireland, 11 m. W. Donegal.
Lon. 8" 17' VV. Lat. 54" 36' N.
Mactan Isle, one of the smaller Philippine isl-
ands, about 10 miles in circumference. Lon. 123°
48' E. Lat. 10" 30' N.
Macula, bay, on the S. coast of Arabia, about
55 leagues E. N. E. Cape Aden. Lon. 47" 33' E.
Lat. 14" 6' N.
Macumba, or Sacumba, province of Mocaranga,
jnE. Africa.
Macuna, one of the Navigator's islands, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 169" W. Lat. 14° 19' S.
Macungy, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 2,420.
Macupa, t Zanguebar, in E. Africa, 5 m, N. W.
Mombaca.
Mac Veytown, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa.
Mada, t. Hungary, 5 m. N. Tokay. Lon. 21°
17' 12" E. Lat. 48" 11' N.
Madagascar, isl. in the Indian ocean, separated
from Africa, by a channel 270 miles wide in its
narrowest part, called the channel of Mozam-
bique. It extends from 12" 2' to 25° 40' S. lat. It
is about 840 miles long, from N. to S. and is inter-
sected throughout its whole length by a chain of
very lofty mountains. The forests contain a pro-
digious variety of most beautiful trees. Timber
fit for masts and ship-building, is abu)idant. Iron
mines of excellent quality are dispersed through-
out the mountainous districts. The island has a
line roil, and a genial climate. The soil enables
the earth, with very little tillage, to produce the
most abundant crops. Rice is the vegetable
chiefly cultivated, and the staple food of the in-
habitants. Potatoes are also a considerable ob-
ject of culture. Under European cultivation,
the number of products might be infinitely va-
ried. The sugar cane is raised with particular
success. Silk in great abundance is produced
spontaneously. The sheep yield a very fine wool.
'The cocoa nut, the banana, and other useful
trees, flourish here, to which are added a number
of species peculiar to the island. The population
has been variously estimated from 1,600,000 to
4,000,000. The inhabitants are of a considerable
variety of races, much intermingled with each
other. But it is still possible to discover the race
of real negroes, having flat features and woolly
hair, as on the coast of Africa. Some of these
claim their descent from the Arabs, others from
the Jews. The former profess the Mahometan
religion. The French made several fruitless at-
tempts to form settlements on the island. Their
most permanent establishment was at Fort Dau-
phin, in the S. E. quarter.
Madalena River. Sea Magdalena.
Madalena Island, small isl. in the Pacific, near
the S. coast of Chiloe. Lat. 44" 15' S.
Madalena, La, bay, on the W. coast of Califor-
nia. Lon. 247" 56' E. Lat. 24° 53' N.
Madalena, La, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 1 1
leagues in circumference. Lon. 141" 9' 15" W.
Lat. 10" 25' 30" S.
Madalena, La, small isl. near the N. coast of
Sardinia. Lon. 9" 35' E. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Madan, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince Ernest's sound. Lat. 56°
22' N.
Madaras, t. Hungary, 3B m. ^V. bv S. Debrec-
7An. Pop. 3.20O.
MAD
425
Madbury, t. Strafford co. N. H. 11 m. N. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 582.
Muddaloni, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro,
10 m. S. E. Capua, 13 N. E. Naples. Pop. 10,400.
Maddinsborough, t. Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, 10 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Maddinsborough, t. Missouri, 15 m. S. St. Gene-
vieve.
Madeira, isl. off the N. W. coast of Africa. It
is 54 miles long and 21 broad, and contains 1,100
sq. miles. It belongs to the Portuguese. In 1807,
however, when the Portuguese government wsre
compelled to emigrate to Brazil, Britain occupied
the island in trust for her ally, and in that capa-
city has since continued to hold it — Madeira con-
sists altogether of a collection of lofty momitains,
the highest of which rises upwards of 5,000 feet
above the level of the sea. On the declivity of
these mountains, all the productions of the island
are raised. The lower slopes are covered with
vines, the loftier summits with forests of pine and
chesnut. The isle produces wheat, barley, and
oats ; but in such small quantity, that two-thirds
of the consumption of grain must be drawn from
the Azores, and Irom America. The population
is estimated by Mr. Barrow at 90,000. — The com-
merce ot the island consists almost entirely in the
export of its wine, to the annual amount of from
15,000 to 17,000 pipes. The best is that called
London particular Madeira ; the second, which ia
inferior, is called London market; the third is
that suited to the India market; the fourth is for
the New York market ; and there is a fifth, and
still inferior kind, which is called cai-go. The
prices of these wines have experienced an extra-
ordinary rise within the last twenty-five years.
That of tlie best kind, or London particular, has
since 1793 been at the following rates per pipe:
1793, 35/.; 1798, 42/.; 1806, 44/.; 1811, 54/.
— The imports from Great Britain amounted in
1809, to 518,148/. of which nine-tenths consisted
of British manufactures. The Americans also im-
port provisions, lumber, &c. to the value of about
$590,000. Adjacent to Madeira is Porto Santo, a
small island, rather high, and with a good road-
stead ; and the Desertas, which, as their name
imports, are uninhabited. These, with Madeira
itself, compose tlie group of the Madeiras. Fun-
chal, the capital, is in lon. 17° 6' W. lat. 32" 37' N.
Madeley Market, t. Eng. in Shropshire, near tlie
Severn, 13 m. E. Shrewsbury, 148 N. VV. Lon-
don. Lon. 2" 28' VV. Lat. 52" 38' N. Pop. 5,076.
Maden, t. Armenia, on the Tigris, 60 m. N. Di-
arbekir.
Madera, r. which rises in Buenos Ayres, near
Cochabamba, in lat. 18" S. under the name of Con-
derillo. It passes under various names into Bra-
zil, and enters the Amazon in lat. 3" 24' S. lon. 60°
40' W. Its length is about 1,500 miles, and it is
the principal tributary of the Amazon.
Madian, or Midian, v. Hedsjas, in Arabia, near
the head of the Red sea, 20 m. N. Moilah.
Madighery, t. India, belonging to the rajah of
Mysore. Lon. 77" 15' E. Lat. 13" 33' N.
Madigheshy, fort, India, belonging to the rajah
of Mysore. Lon. 77" 16' E. Lat. 13" 48' N.
Madinga, r. America, in the isthmus of Darien,
which runs into the Spanish Main, in lon. 78° 48'
E. lat. 9" 22' N.
Madison, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne-
beck, 9 m. N. Norridgewock. Pop. 686.
Madison, co. N, Y. inclosed by the counties of
.54
426
MAD
MAD
Gneida, Otsego, Chenango, Cortlandt, and Onei-
da lake. Pop. 25,144. Chief town, Cazenovia.
Madison, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 20 m. S. W.
Utica, 113 W. Albany. Pop. 2,229. It contains
2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Baptists.
Madison, co. Va. inclosed by Culpeper, Orange,
•and Shenandoah counties. Pop. 8,381. Slaves,
3,970. At the court-house is a post-office.
Madison, t. Madison co. Va. 45 m. fr. Freder-
icksburg.
Madison, t. Amherst co. Va. on James river, op-
posite Lynchburg.
Madison, co. in the N. part of Geo. Chief
town, Danielsville. The springs in this county
are 5 m. from Danielsville, and are much fre-
quented.
Madison, p-t. and cap. Morgan co. Geo.
Madison, co. Alabama, on the JST. side of Ten-
nessee river. Chief town, Huntsville.
Madison, p-t. Rhea co. Ten.
Madison, co. Ken. Chief town, Richmond,
Madison, co. Ohio. Pop. 1,603. Chief town.
New London.
Madison, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river, 14
m. above Hamilton.
Madison, t. Clark co. Ohio. Fop. in 1819, 755.
Madison, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop, 539.
Madison, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. S, Lancas-
ter.
Madison, t. Fayette co. Ohio,
Madison, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Co-
lumbus. Pop. in 1819, 950.
Madison, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 170.
Madison, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, at
the mouth of Grand river.
Madison, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E.
Cambridge. Pop. 240.
Madison, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 430.
Madison, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 8 m. W.
Dayton.
Madison, t. Perry co. Ohio, 7 m, N. E. Som-
eiset
Madison, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Cir-
cleville. Pop. 406,
Madison, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Scioto co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Ports-
mouth. Pop. 307.
Madison, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co, Indiana, on
the Ohio, 45 m. above the falls, 75 below Cincin-
nati. Pop. in 1819, 1,300. It has a bank, a
printing-office, and 2 churches, 1 for Methodists,
and 1 for Presbyterians. It has grown rapidly
for three or four years, and is the second town in
size in the State.
Madison, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, oppo-
site the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. in 1818,
5,456. Chief town, EdwarJsville. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Madison, r. Missouri Territory, one of the forks
of the river Missouri.
Madisonville, p-t. St, Tammany co. Louisiana,
on lake Ponchartrain, at the mouth of the Che-
functi, 27 m. N. New Orleans, 127 N. Natchez.
Madisonville, p-t. and cap. Hopkins co. Ken.
Madjar, Madjak, or Amoul Ouhsa, great lake,
Siberia, in Tomsk.
Madmannah. in Sac. Geoj. t, in the tribe of
Boniamin.
Madona, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 5 m
S. W. Nysari. Lon. 26° 49' E. Lat. 36" 31' N.
Madras Territory, country, India, which hag
gradually increased within the last 70 years, from
a barren slip of land of 5 miles in length, to the
extent of a very large and populous kingdom.
The countries subject to the British presidency
of Fort St. G eorge, or Madras, now comprehend
nearly the whole of India south of the river Kist-
nah, and the extensive province denominated the
Northern Circars ; within these boundaries, how-
ever, there are still three native princes, who col-
lect the revenues, and exercise a certain degree
of authority in their respective states ; but are
wholly dependent on the British government, are
protected by a military force, and pay a large an-
nual tribute. These princes are the rajahs of
Mysore, Travancore, and Cochin. The revenues
of Madras arise principally from the land, but the
charges exceed the receipts by above 500,000/-
per annum.
Madras, a celebrated city and fortress of the
south of India, and cap. of the British possessions
in that quarter. It is situated on a flat sandy
shore, where the surf runs with extreme vio-
lence. Madras was taken by the French in 1744,
but restored to the British, in 1749, since which
it has been gradually improved, and is now one of
the strongest fortresses in India. All the offices of
government, and courts of justice, are in the fort,
which is called Fort St. George, — The native, or
black town, is north of the fort, at the distance of
nearly a mile. It is surrounded by fortifications
sufficient to repel any sudden attack. In 1794,
the population was estimated at 300,000. The
government of Madras is subordinate to the su-
preme government of Bengal. A college has
been lately instituted, for instructing the jun-
ior civil servants in all of the native langua-
ges. The soil in the vicinity of Madras is very
poor, and formerly provisions were very scarce
and dear. Considerable trade is carried on with
Europe, China, Ceylon, New Holland, and defer-
ent parts of India ; but owing to the want of a
navigable river, and the ditficulty of lauding
goods, the town labours under great disadvanta-
ges. The black town is inhabited by pei-soos
from all parts of tlie world, who are left to the free
enjoyment of their religion. It contains an Ar-
menian and Portuguese church, a mosque, anel
several Hindoo temples. There are 12 missiona-
ries at Madras in the employment of the English
Missionary Societies. They have established a
printing press, and several schools. The climate
is very hot, but not unhealthy. Lon. 80° 25' E.
Lat. 13" 5' N.
Madre de Dios, isl. near the coast of Patagonia,
180 miles in circumference, Lon, 77" 46' W. Lat.
51" S.
Madre de Dios. See Resolution.
Madre de Popa, t. New Granada, 54 m. E. Car-
thagena.
Madrid, the capital of Spain, is situated near
the centre of the kingdom, in New Castile, near
the small river Manzanarcs, about 300 miles from
the sea on each side. It stands on sevei-al emi-
nences in the centre of a large plain, which is
elevated 2,200 feet above the level of tlie sea, so
that Madrid is the most elevated capital in Eu-
rope. It is surrounded by a high earthen wall,
but has no ditch, or any other means of defence-
The old streets are nnrrow aad crooked, but ma-
MAE
uy others are wide, straight, and regular; they
are now kept clean, and well lighted. The pri-
vate houses of Madrid are uniform, and have very
little striking in their exterior ; they are gener-
ally low, with grated windows. The public
buildings are not remarkable for their architec-
ture. The most splendid is the royal palace, which
is of a square form, it? walls extending each way
404 feet, and having 86 feet in height : the in-
closed court is 120 feet square. It is strongly
built; its wall* are thick; its foundations deep;
its pillar& strong; and every room, is vaulted, no
•wood being admitted into its construction. It is
elegantly ornamented on the outside ; the stair-
case is grand, and the apartments spacious, par-
ticularly the hall of audience to foreign ambassa-
dors. This palace contains a large collection of
paintings by tlie best masters of Flanders, Italy,
and Spain : also the crown, jewels, and other re-
galia.— Madrid enjoys almost always a cloudless
sky, and a pure and serene atmosphere ; but the
air is extremely keen, and produces very severe
effects on weak constitutions. The population,
including military, clergy, and strangers, is near-
ly 200,000. Bull fights are the favourite amuse-
ments of all ranks. There are academies for
the study of history, and for painting, sculp-
ture, and architecture; also for the Spanish
language. The royal library contains above
100,000 volumes. — The hospitals and other char-
itable institutions, are numerous. — Madrid is not
an ancient city. The court of Spain was not
permanently fixed here till 1 563. 650 m. S. S. W.
Paris, 850 W. by S. Rome. Lon. 3° 3^ 8" VV.
I.at. 40° 25' 7" N.
Madrid, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv-
er St. Lawrence, 60 m. below Kingston, 1 10 above
Montreal. Pop. 1,420. It contains the village of
Hamilton.
Madrigal, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 35 m. S. S.
W. Valladolid. Pop. 1,250.
Madrigal, city, New Granada, 35 leagues S.
Popayan.
Madrilejos, t. Spain, in New Castile, 63 m. S.
Madrid, 43 S. S. W. Toledo. Lon. 3° 32' W. Lat.
39°27'N. Pop. 8,000.
Mad river, r. N. H. which falls into the Pemige-
wasset, at Campton.
Mad river, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side
of the Miami, at Dayton.
Mad river, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. in
1815, 570.
Mad river, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 7 15.
Madrogan, t. Mocaranga, in E. Africa. Lou.
29" 30' E. Lat. 18" S.
Madeira, a district of the south of India, be-
tween 9" and 10" N. lat. and about 78° E. Ion. In
1801, it came into the possession of the British. —
Madura, the capital, was formerly well fortified.
Lon. 78° 13' E. Lat. 9" 51' N.
Madura, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the N.
coast of the island of Java, from which it is sepa-
rated by a narrow channel, 100 miles long, called
the strait of xMadura. On the S. E. of the island
is the principal town, called Samanap. Lon. 112°
54' E. Lat. 6° 44' to 7" 1 5' S.
Maese, a large r. Europe, which rises in the
French department of the Upper Marne, enters
the Netherlands to the north of Charleville, and
fells into the German ocean below Rotterdam.
Length about 400 miles.
Maestricht, t. Netherlands, cap. of the province
»)f Limburg, on the Maeae, at the junction of the
MAG
4S7
Jaer. It is one of the strongest places of the
Netherlands, The manufactures are leather,
flannel, stockings, and different kinds of coarse
cloth. Here are likewise extensive brewerie.'i
and distilleries. 14 m. N. by E. Liege, 56 E.
Brussels. Lou. 5° 43' £. Lat. 50° 48 N. Pop.
18,500.
Mafamede, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa.
Lat. 16° 2«)' S.
Majfalubrense, t. Naples, in the Terra di La-
voro. Pop. 2,700.
Mafniala, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa.
Lat. 16° 20' S.
Mafra, t. Portugal, 20 fti. N. W. Lisbon. Pop,
1,000.
Mafragg, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi-
terranean, near Cape Rosa.
Mafamo, or English River. See Dclagoa Bay.
Magadoxa, t. on the E. coast of Africa, cap. of a
country of the same name. The interior of this
region is almost wholly unknown. The inhabi-
tants always oppose a most determined resistance
to Europeans, and the Portuguese never were
able to establish any footing there. Lon, 46° 30'
E. Lat. 2° 8' N,
Maganja, r. E. Africa, which runs into the
Zambeze, in lon. 33° 40' E. lat. 16° 20' S.
Magaraba, range of mountains in Algiers, ex-
tending about 30 miles along the coast of the
Mediterranean.
Magarzan, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 21° 10' S.
Magdala, in Sac. Geog. a place in the tribe of
Issachar, on the E. side of the river Jordan, in
the country of tlie Gadareiies.
Magdalen River, r. Lower Canada, which runs
into the river St. Lawrence, in lon. 65° 5' W. lat.
49° 12' N.
Magdalena, r. S. America, in New Granada,
which rises in the province of Popayan, and has a
northerly course in the valley between the great
longitudinal ridges of the Andes. It runs 900
miles and falls into the sea, 63 m. N, E. Cartha-
gena, in lat. 11" 2' N.
Magdalena, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs
into the sea, between the rivers Flores and Mexi-
cano.
Magdalene Islands, cluster of islands, 7 in num-
ber, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 42 m. N, W.
the island of Cape Breton. Lon, 61° 40' W, Lat.
47° 13' to 47° 42' N.
Magdeburg, a district of the Prussian states, in
the province of Saxony, composed of the old
duchy of Magdeburg, the part of the Old Mark
lying to the left of the Elbe, the principal-
ity of Halberstadt, the abbey of Quedlinburg, the
county of Wernigerode, the barony of Schauen,
and tlie bailiwicks of Kloetze, Barby, and Gom-
mern. Extent, 4,400 sq. miles. Pop. 446,000.
It is divided into 15 circles. It consists almost en-
tirely of a fertile level tract. Corn is raised for
exportation ; and the quantity of flax and hemp
is very large. The area of the old duchy of
Magdeburg was 2,060 sq, miles. Pop, 290,000.
Magdeburg, large city, Prussian states, cap.
formerly of a duchy, now of a district, in the prov-
ince of Saxony, situated in a very beautiful,
though flat country, on both sides of the Elbe. It
is one of the strongest fortresses in Germany, be-
ing surrounded with a number of out-works, and
having a citadel on an island in the river, with an
arsenal and store-houses, Magdeburg is well
built, and has several beautiful squares. The
428 MAG
most remarkable public buildings are tlie royal
exchequer, the house where the different courts
used to assemble ; the ducal palace, the regency
house, tlie government house, the new and old ar-
senals, &c. The manufactures are extensive,
and consist of woollen, linen, stockings, hats,
leather, tobacco, soap, and wax. The navigation
of the Elbe is of great importance to trade, par-
ticularly since relieved by the congress of Vienna,
(1815,) from apart of the numerous tolls collect-
ed at different places. 75 m. W. S. W. Berlin,
62 N. N. W. Leipsic, 120 S. S. E. Hamburgh.
Lon. ir 38' E. Lat. 52" 8' N. Pop. in 1816,
30,250, of whom 28,000 were Protestants, and the
rest Catholics and Jews.
Magdelaine, La Prairie de la. See La Prairie.
Magelholm, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic,
near the S. coast of Laland. Lon. 1 1° 17' E. Lat.
54"'43'N.
Magellan, Straits of, a passage between the At-
lantic and Pacific ocean, at the S. extremity of
the continent of America, upwards of 300 miles
in length, in some places several leagues over, and
in others not half a league. The passage through
these straits is dangerous in the extreme. Lon.
70° to IT W. Lat. 52° 30' to 64° S.
Mageroe, isl. on the coast of Norwegian Lap-
land, containing Cape North, in lon. 26° 0'45" E.
lat. 7 r 11' 30" N.
Magerville, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on
the W . side of the river St. John.
Maggenta, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 13
m. W.Milan. Pop. 4,000.
Maggeri, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 37' E.
Lat. 12° 57' N.
Maggiore, Lake. See Lago Maggiore.
Magharee, or Seven Hogs, cluster of small isl-
ands, on the W. coast of Ireland, at the entrance
into Tralee bay. Lon. 9" 55' W. Lat. 52" 19' N.
Maghera, v. Ireland, in Derry co. 16 m. S. Cole-
raine.
Magherafelt, v. Ireland, in Londonderry co. !'>
m. W. Antrim, 30 S. E. Londonderry.
Maghremore Bay, bay, on the S. E. coast of Ire-
land, 5 m. S. Wicklowhead.
Magillagan Point, cape, Ireland, at the en-
trance of Lough Foyle, 18 m. N. E. Londonderry.
Lon.6°50' W. Lat. 55° 12' N.
Magindano, isl. in the Eastera seas, the most
southerly of the Philippines, about 300 miles long,
and 800 in circumference. It has so many points
running into the sea, with large bays of correspon-
ding depth, that it is extremely favourable for pi-
racy, as it affords harbours and lurking places in
case of pursuit. The soil is well watered. Rice
is produced in great plenty ; as also yams, sweet
potatoes, cocoa nufs, oranges, limes, and all fruits
common to tropical climates. The inhabitants
are all given to piracy, and even depend on it as a
resource for subsistence. They cruiv,,-> among the
Philippines, where they attack trading vessels,
and frequently extend thf ir depradutions to Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, 3nd C .;lebss. They had the te-
merity to attack the settlement at Prince of Wales'
island, soon after its establishment in 1788, but
■were repulsed with loss. In 1803, they fitted out a
fleet of 40 prows, with the intention of invading the
India company's settlements in Celebes, but were
met and defeated. Lon. 1 19° 30' to 125° E. Lat. 5°
40' to 9° 55' N. Magindano, the principal town
and residence of the sultan, is in lon. 124° 40' Eb
iat. 7°9'N.
M A H
Magllano, i. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, ^4
m. N. Rome.
Magnac Laval, t. France, in Upper- Vienne, 24
m. N. Limgoes. Pop. 2,800.
Magna Facca, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, on a canal, which extends from the Adri-
atic to the townof Commachio, 3 m. S. E. Comma-
chio.
Magnes, t. on the N. coast of Candia, 12 m. N.
W. Canea.
Magnesia, ancient province in the N. of Greece,
on the gulf of Salonica.
Magnetical Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 213° 22' W.
Lat. 19° 8' S.
Magnisa, t. Asia Minor, the ancient Magnesia^
which was at one time the capital of the Greek
empire. It was particularly celebrated for its
magnificent temple, dedicated to Diana Leuco-
phryne. It is still large and populous. 20 m. N.
N. E. Smyrna. - Lon. 27° 18' E. Lat. 38° 44' N.
Magnovka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 43 m. S. Zy-
tomiers. Pop. 2,400.
Magny, i. France, in Seine -and-Oise, 30 m. 'N.
W. Paris. Pop. 1,400.
Magora, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, 150 m. N.
N. W. Loheia.
Magpie River, r. Canada, which runs into the
gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 m. W. of the mouth of the
St. John.
Magra, r. Italy, which falls into the Mediterra-
nean a little E. of the gulf of Spezzia.
Magruders, p-v. Prince George's co. Md.
Magstadt, v. Wirtemberg, 9 m. W. Stutgard.
Pop. 1,250.
Maguari, Cape, on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
49° 58' W. Lat. 0° 16' S.
Maguelonne Etang de, an inlet of the Mediter-
ranean, in France, about 40 miles long, and 1 or
2 broad. Lon. 3° 55' E. Lat. 43° 29' N.
Maguiba, r. W. Africa, which falls into the sea,
a little E. of Cape Monte.
Mahabalepuram, t. India, in the Camatic. In
the vicinity are celebrated ruins of ancient Hindoo
temples, dedicated to Vishnu. Lon. 78° 18' E.
Lat. 12° 23' N.
MaltabvUpore, t. Bengal. Lon. 90° 48' E. Lat.
23° 13' N.
Mahalla. See Mchallet.
Mahanaim, in Sac. Geog. city on the E. side of
the Jordan, given by the tribe of Gad to the Le-
vites.
Mahanguiyi, the S. extremity of the island of
Marindugera. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat. 13° 16' N.
Mahantango, r. Pa. which falls into the E. side
of the Susquehannah, 18 m. below Sunbury.
Mahantango, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop.
1,605.
Mahantango, Lower, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 687,
Mahantango, Upper, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 489.
Mahanuddy, [The Large River,'] r. Hind, which
falls into the bay of Bengal by several mouths,
about 20° N. lat.
Maharajegunge, t. Bengal, in Purneah, on the
E. side of the Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88° 5' E.
Lat. 26" 5' N.
Mahe, isl. in the Indian sea, one of the group
called the Sechelles. Lon. 55° 30' E. Lat. 4'' 45' 9.
Mahe, t. India on the coast of Malabar, near
Tellicherry. It carries on a trade in pepper.
Lon. 75° 38' E. Lat. 1 1° 42' N.
Mahim^ t. Hind, on the N. point of the island of
M A I
Bombay. It has a small Portuguese church.
It is one of the stations of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The town
is J7 miles N. of Bombay fort.
Mahim, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 72° 48' E. Lat. 1 9" 39' N.
Mahlberg, or Mallberg, t. Baden, 6 m. W. S. W.
Lahr. Pop. 900.
Mahtnoodabad, city, Hind, in Gujerat, 10 m. S.
Kaira. Lon. 72° 52' E. Lat. 22" 47' N.
Makmoodabad, t Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79" 23'
E. Lat. 27° 19' N.
Mahmoodpore, t. Bengal, 75 m. N. E. Calcutta.
Mahmoodshi, district of Bengal, mostly situated
on the S. bank of the Ganges.
Mahmora. See Mamora.
Mahommed-ameenpore, extensive district. Hind,
of 700 square miles, on the W. bank of the Bhag-
garutty river, comprehending Hoogly, and all the
other European towns on the VV. side of the river.
Mahammedy, t. Hind, in Oude. Lat. 27° 56' N.
Mahorij r. Ireland, in Watorford, which runs
into tlie sea, 11 m. £. Dungarvan.
Mahoning, r. Pa. which runs into the Allegha-
ny, 5 ra. below Franklin.
Mahoning, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 1,316.
Mahoning, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 552.
Mahoning, r. which rises in Ohio, and passing
into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio.
Mahony, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 829.
Mahoor, district, Hind, in Berar. Mahoor, the
capital, is in lon. 78° 33' E. lat. 20° 4' N.
Mahowl, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 87° 47' E.
Lat. 26" 4' N.
Mahratta Territory, a very extensive country of
Hindostan, which, till very recently, extended
across what is called the peninsula of India, from
Gujerat nearly to the banks of the Ganges, and
southerly to the northern borders of the Mysore.
The Mahrattas are the most formidable Hindoo
power, and of late have been frequently engaged
in war with the British. Their whole army till
lately, was composed of cavalry. They are not,
however, very formidable as a regular force, de-
pending much more on the celerity of their mo-
tions, and sudden incursions, than in boldly meet-
ing their enemy ; their only arms are a sword and
spear, and their only camp equipage blankets or
horse cloths. Thus unincumbered, and their hor-
ses being fed indiscriminately on the dry thatch
of the houses, or the growing corn of the fields,
they marched at the rate of 50 miles a-day.
Marish Cromau, or Moraivski Krumlow, t. Mo-
ravia, 15 m. W. S. W. Brunn. Pop. 1,400.
Mahy River, r. Hind, which falls into the gulf of
Cambay, after a course of 280 miles.
Maia, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls into
the Aldane.
Maida, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m. W. S.
W. Squillace. Here an action was fought, 4th
July 1806, between the British and French, in
which the latter were defeated. Pop. 3,000.
Maiden Bradley, v. Eng. in Wilts, 7 m. from
Hendon and Warminster. Pop. 603.
Maiden creek, r. Pa. which runs into the Schuyl-
kill 7 m. N. Reading.
Maiden creek, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 918.
Maiden Kewton, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, on
the river Frome, 8 m. N. W. Dorchester.
Maiden Rocks, rocks near the N. coast of Java.
Lon. 114° 36' E. Lat. 7° 38' S.
rMaidtnhead, t. Eng. in Berks co. on the Thames,
M A I
4^
26 m. W. London. Lon. 0° 43' W. Lat. 51° 31' N.
Pop. 1,000.
Maidenhead, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 6 m. N. E.
Trenton. Pop. 1,086.
Maidstone, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway,
which is here navigable for vessels of 50 or 60 tons.
Here the assizes for the county are held. The
new buildings for the county jail, &c. are among
the most splendid in the kingdom, covering a space
of above 13 acres of land, and classification is here
carried to its greatest extent, there being 27 sepa-
rate airing yards, and not less than 450 sleeping
cells for prisoners. The principal produce of the
neighbourhood is hops ; and Maidstone is the first
hop market in the kingdom. It is a borough, and
sends two members to parliament. 9 m. S. Roch-
ester, 27 W. Canterbury, 34 S. E. London. Lon.
0" 31' E. Lat. 51" 16' N. Pop. 10,462.
Maidstone, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on the S.
side of Lake St. Clair.
Maidstone, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 53 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 177.
Maig, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shannon,
7 m. below Limerick.
Maignelay, t. France, in Oise, 14 m. N. E. Cler-
mont. ' Pop. 900.
Maihidpore, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to
the Mahrattas, situated on the banks of the Soprah
river. In the vicinity of this place a severe battle
was fought, 21st December, 1817, between the
troops of Holkar and the British, in which the for-
mer were defeated. 20 m. N. Oojan, the capital
of Scindia.
Mailcotta, t. India, in Mysore, and one of the
most celebrated places of Hindoo worship. It
is said that the temple is extremely rich, and that
the idols are covered with jewels. Lon. 76° 52' E.
Lat. 12° 38' N.
Maillard, bold promontory in Lower Canada, on
the N. coast of tlie St. Lawrence, 22 m. below the
island of Orleans*
Maillebois, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 12 m.
S. E. VerneuiL Pop. 800.
Maillesais, t. France, in La Vendee, 6 m. S.
Fontenay. Pop. 1,150.
Maina, a mountainous district of Greece, in the
Morea, comprising the S. E. part of the ancient
province of Laconia. It is the least fertile part of
the peninsula, consisting chiefly of the extensive
ridge of mountains known by the name of Tayge-
tus. The inhabitants called Mainotti or Mainotes,
amount to between 40,000 and 50,000. They
style themselves the descendants of the ancient
Lacedemonians ; and, aided by the natural strength
of their mountains, have delended their liberty
against the Turks, with a bravery and constancy
not unworthy of such distinguished ancestors.
Mainburg, t. Bavaria, 38 m. N. N. E. Munich.
Pop. 900.
Maine, one of the U. States, bounded N. W. and
N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Brunswick ;
S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire.
It lies between 43° 05' and 48° N. lat. and between
66° 49' and 70° 55' W. lon. and is estimated to con-
tain 32,000 square miles, or 24,480,000 acres. It
is divided into 9 counties, and 217 towns. Pop.
in 1790, 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719 ; in 1810,
228,705 ; and in 1820, 297,839. The most popu-
lous parts of the State are the counties on Kenne-
beck river, and the sea-coast, particularly in the
S. W, The northern half of the State is yet unin-
habited, and almost unexplored. The principal
430
M A I
lakes are Umbagog, which lies partly in New-
Hampshire, Moosehead, Chesuncook, and Sebago.
The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kenne-
beck, Saco, Androscoggin, and in the northern
part of the State, the St. John's and its branches.
An extensive district in the N. W. part of the
State, around the great lakes and head waters of
the Kennebeck and Penobscot, is mountainous.
The rest of Maine is generally hilly, and the
hills diminish in height on every side, as you re-
cede from the mountains. The south-western part
of the State, and the tract of country along the sea
coast, from 10 to 20 miles wide, has generally a
poor soil, though in some places tolerably fertile.
The land on the Kennebeck, and between that
river and the Penobscot, is excellent. East of the
Penobscot, it is less productive. The mountain-
ous tract in the N. W. has a poor soil. The lands
on St. John's river and its numerous branches, are
said to be very fertile, but this part of the State is
not yet settled. The principal productions of
Maine are grass, Indian com, wheat, barley, rye,
and flax. A large portion of the State is yet cov-
ered with forests. Lumber is the great article of
export. It is brought down all tlie rivers in large
quantities. The other articles are fish, potash,
beef, and pork. Maine is finely situated for com-
merce. It has an extensive sea-coast, abounding
with fine harbours, and is intersected by nume-
rous navigable rivers, which open an easy com-
munication with the interior. The nearest mar-
ket for the S. W. section of the State, is Portland;
for the country on the Kennebeck, Hallowell ;
for the country on the Penobscot, Bangor. The
natural market for the northern half of the State,
which is yet unsettled, will be Quebeck, in Lower
Canada, and Frederickston in New Brunswick.
The value of the exports for the year ending Sept.
30th, 1820, was $1,108,030. The value of the
manufactures in 1810, was $3,741,116. The prin-
cipal literary institutions are Bowdoin college in
Brunswick, the Maine charity school at Bangor,
and the Literary and Theological Institution at
Waterville. The Congregationalists and Baptists
are the most numerous religious denominations.
They have each more than 100 congregations.
Maine was admitted into the Union in 1820. Tlie
Hon. William D. Williamson, of Bangor, is pre-
paring a history of the State.
Maine, large r. which rises in the centre of Ger-
many, and flowing west, passes by Frankfort, and
falls, with a wide channel and copious stream, into
the Rhine, opposite to Mentz. It is navigable as
far as Bamberg.
Maine, Lower, a circle of the Bavarian states,.
comprising certain territories acquired by the
treaty of Vienna, in 1815, and the exchanges con-
sequent on that treaty. These are the grand
duchy of Wurzburg, the principality of Fuitla,
and certain portions of tlie grand duchies of Hesse
and Fulda. The whole form an extensive prov-
ince adjoining Baden, Hesse-Cassel, and Hesse-
Darmstadt. Extent, 3,000 square miles. Pop.
423,000. The majority of the inhabitants are
Catholics. The chief town is Wuraburf?. '
Maine, Upper, a circle of the Bavarian states,
comprising the principalities of Bamberg' and Up-
per Bayreuth, with the northern part of the Upper
Palatinate. It lies contiguous to Bohemia and
Saxony, has an area of 3,460 square miles, and
434,000 inhabitants. The chief town is Bay-
reuth.
Mmnt-and-Lmre, a department in the W. of
M A L
France, contiguous to the departments of the
Mayenne, the Sarthe, and the Indre-and-Loire.
Extent, nearly 4,000 square miles. Pop. 404,600.
Angers is the capital.
Maine-and-Tauber, a circle in the N. E. part of
the grand duchy of Baden. Pop. 96,000.
Mainland of Orkney. See Pomona.
Mainland of Shetland, the largest of the Shetland
islands, 60 miles long from N. to S. and from 6 to 18
broad. The soil is unfavourable for vegetation.
The hills are mostly covered with heath, and af-
ford good pasturage for black cattle and sheep.
Pop. 14,000.
Mainotti, or Mainots. See Maina.
Mainsae, t. France, in La Creuse, 12 m. S. S.
W. Evaux. Pop. 1,300.
Maintenon, t, France, in Ewre-and-Loire, on
Uie Eure, 11 m. N. Chartres. Pop. 1,600.
Maipo, r. Chili, in the pi-ovince of Rancagua.
It enters the Pacific ocean in lat. 33° 43' 2" S.
Maire, small isl. on the S. E. coast of France,
opposite Cape Croisette.
Maire, La, Straits of, a narrow channel or pas-
sage from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, be-
tween Terra del Fuego and Staten Land. It is
about 15 miles long.
Maim/, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° T E. Lat.
26° 20' N.
Maisy, Cape, the E. extremity of the island of
Cuba. Lat. 20° 20' N.
Maitea, isl. in the Pacific ocean, only 3 miles in
circuit, subject to the sovereign of Otaheite. Lon.
148° 12' W. Lat. 17° 63' S.
Majir, v. Biledulgerid, in the S. E. extremity
of Algiers. Lou. 6° 29' E. Lat. 33° 30' N.
Majorca, the principal of the Balearic isles, a
group situated in the Mediterranean, to the east of
Spain, and subject to that crown. It is about 100
miles from the coast of Spain, and 150 from Al-
giers. Extent, 1,410 square miles. Pop. about
136,000, of whom no less than 3,700 are priests,
monks, or nuns. It is almost surrounded by a
chain of mountains, a branch of which penetrates
towards the centre of the island. Its climate is in
general temperate. The exports consist of olive
oil, wine, spirits, oranges, lemons, almonds,
cheese, capers, and beans.
Makariev, t. Eu. Russia, 140 m. E. Kostroma.
Pop. 1,600.
Makariev, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 60 m. E.
Niznei-Novgorod. Pop. 800.
Makaya, t. Cayor, in W. Africa, 21 m. from the
sea, 60 m. S. of the Senegal.
Maker, v. Eng. in Cornwall and Devonshire, 2
m. from Plymouth, Pop. 3,678.
Makerra, See Sigg.
Makkedar, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, 12 m. W.
Jerusalem.
Makkum, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, 10 m. S.
S. W. Franeker. Pop. 2,000.
Makonda, s-p. W. Africa, 40 m. N. W. Loango.
Makooa, a people of E. Africa, inhabiting the
country behind Mosambique. They comprise a
number of very powerful tribes, reaching from
iVIelinda southward to the Zambeze. They cher-
ish the most inveterate enmity against the Portu-
guese.
Makow, t. Poland, 40 ra. N. Warsaw. Pop.
1,500.
Makrinitza, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 40 m. S. E.
Larissa. Pop. 2,000.
Mala, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific ocean
in lat. 12° 40' S.
M A L
Maia, Punta de, cape, S. America, on the bay of
Panama. Lon. 38° W. Lat. T 30' N.
Malabar, a province, Hind, between 10° and 13°
N.lat. bounded N. by Camara, S. by the rajah of
Cochin's territories, E. by the Western Ghauts,
and W. by tiie sea. The part bordering on the
sea has a level poor soil ; the rest consists of dif-
ferent ranges of hills, extending to the foot of the
mountain. Some of these hills, and all the rallies
between, are extremely fertile. The chief pro-
duce of this region is timber, sandal-wood, cocoa
nuts, coir, and black pepper. Its principal towns
are Calicut, Tellicheiry, and Cananore. There
are several colonies of oriental Christians, Jews,
and Mahometans, established in Malabar. The
descendants of Portuguese, and converts to the
Roman Catholic religion, are now very numerous,
but are not on good terms with the JNestorian or
oriental Christians. The province now belongs to
the British, and in 1807, yielded a revenue of
250,000/. The name of Malabar is frequently,
but erroneously, applied to the whole of the west-
ern coast of India.
Malabar, Cape, or Sandy Point, the S. E. ex-
tremity of Cape Cod. Lon. 70° 3' W. Lat. 41°
33' N.
Malabar Point, a remarkable promontory on
the island of Bombay, near which there is a cele-
brated temple, an object of Hindoo pilgrimage.
Malacca, a country of India beyond the Ganges,
consisting of a large peninsula, connected with
Siam by the isthmus of Kraw. At all other points
it if surrounded by the sea, having on the W. the
Indian ocean and the straits of Malacca, which
separate it from Sumatra ; on the E. the gulf of
Sianx and the sea of China. It is 775 miles long,
and on an average, 125 broad. The country is
traversed by a chain of very lofty mountams, and
covered with extensive forests and marshes. It
was formerly subject to Siam, but all the southern
part of the peninsula has now shaken off the yoke,
while the northern States pay only a moderate
tribute. The leading inhabitants are of the race
called Malays, who are well known, and widely
diffused throughout all the Eastern seas, and
whose piratical habits render them the terror of
Asia. In the pursuit of plunder and of conquest,
they are brave, ferocious, and vindictive. They
are merciless to enemies and strangers, and capri-
cious even to friends. Piracy is most deeply rooted
in their nature. The Malayan language is distin-
guished above all otiiera in the east for its smooth-
ness and softness, in which respects it has been
compared to the Italian. It has become, like the
French in Europe, a sort of current and universal
language over all the sea coasts, and in all mer-
cantile societies of Eastern Asia. This distinction
it has attained, in consequence of the extensive
traffic which the Malays carry on throughout all
these countries.
Malacca, the capital of the country above de-
scribed, is on the W. coast, on the straits of Ma-
lacca. It was formerly one of the principal Por-
tuguese settlements, and the key of their trade
with the seas beyond India ; but in 1640 it was
taken by the Dutch, and retained by them till
1795, when it was subjected by a British force.
After the formation, however, of the settlement at
Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales' Island, that at
M?dacca was found to be of little or no use as a
jilace of trade. The garrison and stores were
therefore withdrawn, the fortifications razed, and
the whole place dismantled. Since that time it?
M A L
431
commercial importance is almost entirely lost.
The imports are opium, piece goods, silks, and
dollars ; and the exports chiefly tin, pepper, sago,
canes, elephants' teeth, and some gold dust. Ma-
lacca is one of the most important stations of the
London Missionary Society. They have five mis-
sionaries here ; and a printing office, from which
two periodical works are issued, and Tracts in
great numbers, both in the Malay and Chinese
languages. The printing office affords regular
employment to sixteen men and boys. In 1818,
an Anglo-Chinese college was established, the ob-
ject of which is to instruct Chinese youth in the
English language and the principles of Christiani-
ty, and to impart to raissionai-ies and others a
knowledge of the language and literature of China.
Lon. 102° 12' E. Lat. 2" 14' N.
Malacca, Straits of, a narrow sea between the
island of Sumatra and the country of Malacca, ex-
tending from the equator to lat. 5" N.
Malacoita, t. Worada, in W. Africa, 42 m. E.
Satadoo.
Malaga, city, Spain, in Granada, on the coast
of the Mediterranean, at the extremity of a de ap
bay, with a large plain to the N. while on the E.
and W. it is sheltered by lofty mountains. The
harbour is capable of containing about 400 mer-
chant vessels and 20 ships of the line, and those of
the greatest burden may come up close to the
quay. Ships may enter with all winds, and are
perfectly sheltered. The rivers Guadalmedina
and Guadalorce discharge their waters at this
place into the ocean, after traversing a successioa
of the most fertile vallies in Europe : and in these
are produced those fruits in which the city carries
on so extensive a trade. These are figs, almonds,
oranges, lemons, and olives ; but the great export is
wine. 'The vineyards on the surrounding hills pro-
duce annually between 2,000 and 3,000 pipes of
wine,of which the one half is exported. 55 m. W.
S. W. Granada, 203 S. by W. Madrid. Lon. 4° 25'
W. Lat. 36° 43' N. Pop. 52,000.
Malaga, t. Monroe co. Ohio, 5 m. N. Woods-
field.
Malagon, t. Spain, in New Castile, 12 m. N. N.
W. Ciudad Real.
Malahide, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on lake
Erie.
Malalais, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro. Lon.
120° 51' E. Lat. 11° 18' N.
Malamocco, t. Austrian Italy, on an island in the
gulf of Venice. Pop. 1,100.
Malaneo Islands, 2 small islands in the Pacific,
near the E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 122° 28' E. LaU
18" 2' N.
Malar, or Maler, lake, Sweden, about 80 miles
long, which communicates with the Baltic at
Stockholm.
Malatayor, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 114° E. Lat. 3° 24' S.
Malatia, t. Asia Minor, 15 m. W. of the Eu-
phrates, on the site of the ancient Melitene. 90 m.
W. N. W. Diarbekir.
Malativoe, t. Ceylon. Lon. 81° 7' E. Lat. 9°
17' N,
Malaucenne, t. France, in Vaucluse, 18 m. N,
E. Avignon. Pop. 2,600.
Malavilly, t India, in Mysore, 35 m. from Serin-
gapatam. Lon. 77° 16' E. Lat. 12° 23' N.
Malasgherd, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Morad.
It is the ancient Maurocasirmn. 80 m. S. 9. E.
Erzerum.
432
M A L
M A L
Malbay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland, extend-
ing from Hog's Head to Ballard's Point.
Malbayy r. Lower Canada, which falls into the
St. Lawrence from the N. nearly opposite to the
Camarouska islands.
Makhiru, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 22 m. E. Gustrow. Pop. 2,500.
Malchow, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 23 m. S. by E. Gustrow. Pop. 1,000.
Malcolm Point, a low sandy point on the S. coast
of New Holland. Lon. 123° 42' E. Lat. 33"
48' S.
Malda, district, Bengal, on the N. E. side of the
Ganges. Malda, the capital, is in lon. 88° 4' E.
lat. 25° 3' N.
Maldegem, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 12
m. E. Bruges. Pop. 4,700.
Maiden, Up. Canada. See Amherstburg.
Maiden, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 4 m. N. Boston.
It is connected with Charlestown by a bridge over
Mystic river. Pop. 1,384. Here are extensive
dye houses, and a large nail factory.
Maldives, a cluster of islands formed from coral,
in the Indian ocean, lying between the equator
and the 8th degree of N. latitude, and between
72° and 74° E. lon. These islands were formerly
much frequented by trading ships from India ; but
from the difficulties experienced in procuring a
cargo for a large vessel, and the dangerous navi-
gation, this trade has been given up, and it is now
carried on in their own boats, some of them of 30
tons burden. The chief produce of these islands
is cocoa-nuts, and the small shells called cowrie,
which pass as coin all over India.
Maldon, Maiden, or Maiden Water, ancient bor-
ough and t. Eng. in Essex co. on the estuary of the
Blackwater. It sends two members to parliament.
36 m. N. E. London. Lon. 0° 40' E. Lat. 51° 44' N.
Pop. 2,679.
Maldonado, t, Buenos Ayres, on the N. side of
the river Plata, near its mouth. Lon. 55° 36' W.
Lat. 34° 50' S.
Male, isl. in the Indian ocean, and principal of
those called the Maldives, Lon. 73° 10' E. Lat. 6°
20' N.
Malea, Cape, or Cape St. Angelo, a promontory
on the S. coast of the Morea. Lon. 23" 12' E. Lat.
36° 27' N.
Maleca, or Melecca, cape on the N. coast of the
island of Candia. Lon. 24° 4' E. Lat. 35" 32' N.
Maleensoonoo, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
S. W. coast of Palawan. Lon. 1 17° 22' E. Lat. 8°
UN.
Maleepoethas, one of the Sooloo islands, in the
Eastern seas, Lon. 120" 18' E. Lat. 6° 3' N.
Malel. See Melli.
Malemba, s-p. in Loango, W. Africa. It is on a
hill 400 feet high, overlooking a very safe bay,
where ships may anchor at about a mile and a
half from the town. The slaves brought to this
port are of excellent quality, strong, inured both
to fatigue and subordination. 60 m. S, of Lo-
ango.
Malenowitz, t. Moravia, 27 m. S. S. E. Olmutz.
Pop. 1,200.
Malesherbes, t. France, in Loiret, 35 m. N. E.
Orleans. Pop. 1,000.
Maletroit, t. France, in Morbihan, 20 m. N. E.
Vannes. Pop. 1,800. ,^^
Maleya, t. S. coast of th^'island of Ternate. Lon.
12"14'E. Lat. 8° 55' N.
Malgara, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 100 m.
W. Constantinople. Pop. 2,.500.
Malgral, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on Uie Mediter-
ranean, 18 m. E. N. E. Mataro. Pop. 3,200.
Malheureux Islands, small islands, in lake Borg-
ne, 3 or 4 miles from the coast of Mississippi.
Maliana, v. Algiers, 12 m. S. S. E. Tefessad.
Malicorne, t. France, in Sarthe, 10 m. N. La
Fleche. Pop. 1,100.
Malicoy, isl. in the Indian ocean, between the
Laccadive and Maldive islands. Lon. 72" 45' E.
Lat. 8° 20' N,
Malinalco, t. Mexico, 20 leagues S. E. Mexico.
Malinhead, the N. point of Ireland, 23 m. N.
Londonderry. Lon. 7° 15' W. Lat. 55° 23' N.
Mallawalle, small isl. N. of Borneo. Lon. 117"
29' E. Lat. 7° 2' N.
Mallemort, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
25 E. by S. Aries. Pop. 1,800.
Mallen, (an. Manlia) t. Spain, in Arragon, 33
m. W. by N. Saragossa. Pop. 2,400.
Malle ville, t. France, in Aveyron, 6 m, N, E.
Villefranche. Pop. 2,300.
Mallicollo, or Manicola, isl. one of the largest of
the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, about 18
leagues long, and from 5 to 7 wide. Lon. 167" 57'
23" E. Lat. 16° 25' 20" S.
Mailing, West, or Town Mailing, t. Eng, ia
Kent, 29 m. S. E. London. Pop. 1,154.
Mallison''s Island, isl. off the N, coast of New
Holland. Lon. 136° 8' E. Lat. 12° 11|' S.
Malloodoo, bay, Borneo. Lon. 117° 2' E. Lat. 6°
45' N.
Mallory''s store, p-v. Wilkes co. Geo.
Mallow, t. Ireland, in Cork co. on the Blackwa-
ter, 32 m. S. Limerick, and 14 N. Cork. Lon. 8°
39' W. Lat. 52" 8' N.
Malluver, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82" 50"
E. Lat. 20° 34' N.
Malmedy, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 20 m. S. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 6° E. Lat.
50° 28* N. Pop. 4,400.
Malmesbury Port, bay on the W. coast of an
island in the Pacific. Lon. 225° 59' E. Lat. 56"
17i' N.
Malmisch, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Viatka.
Lon. 50° 14'E. Lat. 56" 44' N.
Malmo, t. Sweden, on the Sound. It is one of
the strongest towns of the kingdom. 18 m. E. S. E.
Copenhagen. Lon. 13" 1' 19" E. Lat. 55" 36' 37"
N. Pop. 5,900.
Malmohus-Lan, or Government ofMalmohus, one
of the new divisions of Sweden. It lies along the
Sound and the Baltic, in the S. W. corner of the
kingdom, and includes a great part of the an-
cient Schonen or Scania. Extent, 1,380 sq. milea.
Pop. 137,000.
Malmsbury, borough, Eng. 23 m. N. E. Bath,
95 W. London. Lon. 2° 5' W. Lat. 51° 35' N. Pop.
1,152.
Malnore, t. Hind, in Delhi, belonging to the
Seiks. Lon, 75° 18' E. Lat. 30" 22' N.
Maloi-Jaroslawitz, t. Russia, in Kaluga. Here
a sanguinary action took place between the
French and Russians in October 1812. Lon. 36'
14' E. Lat. 55° N. Pop. 1,650.
Malone, hrmevl-v Ezraville, p-t. and cap. Frank-
lin CO. N. y. 42 m." W. Plattsburg, 220 N. Albany.
Pop. 767. The village stands on Salmon river.
Malouca, v. Syria, 20 m. N. N. E. Damascus.
Malpartida, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 2 m. S. E.
Plasencia. Pop. 1,300.
Malpas, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2 m. from Whit-
church. Lon. 2° 45' W. Lat. 53° 1' N.
Malplaquet. v. France, dep of the North. Pop.
M A L
1,100. It is famous as the scene of one of the
most sanguinary battles recorded in history, fought
on the 1 1th September 1709, between the French,
under marshal Villars, and the allies, commanded
by the duke of Marlborough and prince Eugene.
9 m. S. Mons.
Malpoorah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 45' E.
Lat. 31" 26' N.
Malsch, t. Baden, 13 m. E. by S. Spire. Fop.
1,900.
Mahen, or Malsesina, t. Austrian Italy, 18 m.
N. N. W. Verona.
Malstrom, or Moskoe-slrom, a violent whirlpool
on the coast of Norway, near the island of Mos-
koe. It is dangerous to shipping, except during a
short time at high and low water, but it is most
terrific when the N. W. wind blows in opposition
to the tide. It then forms an immense whirlpool,
which draws to its centre and swallows up the
boats and fish that approach it, while its roaring
noise is heard at a distance of several miles. At
these times, ships have been known to be attracted
to it from a distance of 5 or 6 English miles. Lon.
10° 40' E. Lat. 68° 8' N.
Malta, isl. of the Mediterranean, 20 miles long,
12 broad, and 60 in circumference; its distance
from Sicily about 50. Its coast is in general steep
and rugged, the only good harboi-s being those of
Marza and Marza Murzet, which are separated
by the peninsula on which La Valetta, the chief
town, is situated. The two small islands of Gozzo
and Cerrino belong to Malta, being separated
from it only by a narrow channel. Extent of the
three islands, 170 sq. miles. Pop. 90,000, of whom
above 75,0(H) are in Malta, which is thus one of
the most populous spot? on the globe. The soil is
formed of a reddish loamy mould, lying on a basis
of rock, and seldom exceeding from 10 to 16 inch-
es in depth. Every spot is cultivated with the
greatest care ; and soil, when deficient, is sup-
plied in ship loads from Sicily. Most of the pro-
ductions, both of Europe and the tropical cli-
mates, which have been tried here, have succeed-
ed. From 1530 to 1798, Malta was in posses-
sion of the knights of St. John of Jerusalem, who
highly distinguished themselves by their resist-
ance to the Turks. In 1798, the French expedi-
tion to Egypt, commanded by Bonaparte, took the
island without resistance. In 1800, it was taken
by the British, and was confirmed to them by the
treaty of Paris in 1814. The Maltese have re-
tained the greatest part of their ancient rights
and usages. In no fortress in Europe are the de-
fences more imposing. In Gibraltar admiration
is excited by the work of nature ; in Malta, by
the work of art. To garrison the latter com-
pletely, would require above 30,000 men. The
religion of the Maltese is Roman Catholic. The
Church Missionary Society occupy the island as
one of their stations, and employ two missiona-
ries here. Lon. 14° 12' E. Lat. 35° 50'^N.
Malta, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 8 m. E. Augusta.
Pop. 468.
Malta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. ^fc.W. Saratoga
court-house, 2.5 N. Albany. Pop. 1,438. It has 2
churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists.
Malta. See Lorraine, N. Y.
Maltepec, t. Mexico, 60 m. E. S. E. Mechoacan.
Malterdingen, t, Baden, 11 m. N. by W. Frey-
burg. Pop. 1,200.
Malton, borough and t. Eng. in Yorkshire, fii
Derwent. It consists of two towns, Old and
MaltoR, Pop. of Old Maltop 961 • of New
55
M A N
433
If
Malton 3,713. 18 m. N. E. York, 212 N.by W.
London. Lon. 0° 47' W. Lat. 54° 8' N.
Maltown, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 78° 46'
E. Lat. 24" 19' N.
Malvern, v. Eng. 8 m. fr. Worcester.
Malutaya, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro. Lon,
120° 52' E. Lat. 11° 12' N.
Malicah, province. Hind, between 22° and 23°
N. lat. bounded N. by Ajmeer and Agra, E. by
Allahabad and Gundwaneh, S. by Khandeish and
Berar, and W. by Ajmeer andGujerat; it is 250
miles long, and 150 broad. Till very recently, the
whole oi this territory was in the occupation of
the Mahrattas. The soil is in general a fine black
mould, which produces cotton, opium, sugar, in-
digo, tobacco, and all the various grains of India.
Mahcally, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 115°
20' E. Lat. 7" N.
Malwan, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73° 20'
E. Lat. 16° 4' N.
Malzieu, t. France, in Lozere, 5 m. N. N. E.
St. Chely. Pop. 1,100.
Mamadysz, t. Eu. Russia, on the Viatka, 92 m,
E. Kasan! Lon. 50° 11' E. Lat. 56° 16' N.
Mamak, s-p. Abascia, on the Black sea, 110 m.
W. Isgaur.
Mamakating, p-t. Sullivan co. N. Y. 23^ m. fr
Newberg. Pop. 1,865. It contains 2 churches, 1
for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The
village of Bloom ingburg, in this town, is on Shaw-
angunck creek, on the Newberg turnpike.
Mamakatun, v. Armenia, on the Euphrates, 12
m. N. Erzerum.
Mamaroneck, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long
Island Sound, 23 m. N. E. New York. Pop. 496.
Its harbor admits vessels of 100 tons.
Mamas, r. Chili, which enters the sea, at Co-
piapo.
Mamers, t. France, in Sarthe, 23 m. N. N. E.
Le Mans. Pop. 5,500.
Mammoulh Care. See Kentxicky.
Mamora, or Maheduma, s-p. Morocco, 25 m. N.
N. E. Sallee.
Mamore, r. Quito, which enters the Madera on
the W. side, in lat. 1 1" 55' S.
Mampava, t. on the W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
109° 10' E. Lat 0"21'N.
Mamre, in Sac. Geog. the name of a place in
Palestine, near Hebron.
Mam Tor, mt. Eng. in Derbyshire, near Cas-
tleton.
Man, isl. in the Pacific ocean, between New
Britain and New Ireland, 50 m. in circumference.
Lon. 151° 25' E. Lat. 4° S.
Man, Isle of, isl. in the Irisli sea, nearly equi-
distant from the coasts of England, Scotland, and
Ireland. It is about 30 miles long, and 70 in cir-
cumference, and contains 220 sq. miles. Pop.
30,000. The interior and central part of the isl-
and is mountainous. The soil of the Isle of Man
is naturally poor, but is every where greatly fer-
tilized by the abundance of sea-weed which is
cast ashore and used as manure. Agriculture has
of late years made great progress here. Barley
is raised in great quantities, and oats are also cul-
tivated. Large crops of wheat are now raised,
of the cleanest and best quality. Great quanti-
ties of turnips and potatoes are also raised. Cat-
tle are annually fattened for exportation. — The
island is now subject to the king of England, as
land proprietor, and is ruled by a governor, a
CQuacil of public affairs, and the house of key^,
the representatives of thn people. The whole
434
M A N
island contains 17 parishes or kirks, and is under
the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of a bishop, who is
styled bishop of Sodor and Man. As tlie inhabi-
tants are exempt from the taxes which prevail in
the mother country, living is comparatively cheap.
The port of Douglas is 60 m. S. E. by S. Liver-
pool.
Man of War Keys, small islands in the Spanish
Main, near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 88" 35' VV.
Lat. 12" 55' N.
Manaar, isl. off the N. W. coast of Ceylon ;
jt is also the name of the gulf that separates Hin-
dostan from Ceylon, which is only navigable by
small vessels. Lon. 79" 58' E. Lat. 9" 6' N.
Mannbacca, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
131" 45' E. Lat. 3" 59' S.
Manado, with Fort Amsterdam, the northern-
most of tlie Dutch settlements on the island of
Celebes. The bay and town are in lon. 124" 32' E.
lat. 1" 28' N.
Ma7iah, i. northern Hind, in Serinagur. Lon.
79"40'E. Lat. 32" 20' N.
Manapar, t. India, in Tinnevelly, on the gulf of
Manaar, opposite the island of Ceylon. Lon. 78"
17' E. Lat. 8" 39' N.
Manapar, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 78" 30' E.
Lat. 16" 39' N.
Manapira, r. Venezuela, which enters the Ori-
noco, near the confluence of the Apure.
Manure, t. New Granada, 138 m. N. E. Santa
Fe. Lon. 72° 14' W. Lat. 5° 46' N.
Manassey gap, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Manaswary, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 134" 40' E. Lat.
0" 54' N.
Manatoulin Islands, Up. Canada, extending
from the W. side of lake Huron in an E. direc-
tion 160 miles. Many of them are from 20 to 30
miles long.
Manbona, s-p. Sofala, in E. Africa, at the en-
trance of the channel of Mosambique.
Manby Poinl, cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, forming the W. point at the entrance of Beh-
ring's bay. Lon. 219" 17' E. Lat. 59 " 47' N.
Mancenilla, bay, on the N, side of St. Domingo.
Lon. 7 1" 50' W. Lat. 1 9" 50' N.
Manrhac, t. Louisiana, on the E. bank of the
Mississippi, 20 m. below Baton llouge.
Manckac 'Bayou. See Ibbcrville.
Mancha, La, province, in the central part of
Spain, forming the soulliern part of New Castile.
Area, 8,000 sq. miles. Fop. 206,0(X>. This prov-
ince is almost entirely surrounded by mountains.
The interior consis-t? almost entirely of a dead flat,
without trees, shelter, or water.
Mancha Real, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 7 m. E.
Jaen. Pop. 4,000.
Manche, La, or The Channel, department in the
N. W. of France, bounded on the W. and N. by
the English channel, S. E. by Calvados, S. bv Hie
andVilaine. Extent, 2,500 sq. miles. Pop. 583,500.
St. Lo is tlie capital.
Manchester, t. Eng. in Lancashire, the great
centre of the cotton trade, the greatest manufac-
turing town in the kingdom, and, except Loiidon
and Liverpool, the largest in population, industry
and wealth. It is on the Irwell, at the junction of
the Irk and the Medlock. The streets are well
paved. In the '(vh.iter they are brilliantly lighted
with gas, and nearly all the foot paths arc laid
•with flags. The public buildings are numerous,
handscme., and many of them elegant. No town
M A N
in England is more distinguished for the number
of its charitable institutions. The seminaries of
education are also numerous ; and a liberal spirit
is diffused in the town for the promotion of knowl-
edge, literature, and science. Manchester is sup-
ported, and has risen to its present consequence,
entirely by its manufactures, and the various
trades growing out of them. Of these manufac-
tures, by far the principal, and the source of most
of the rest, is that of cotton. The greater part of
the cotton trade of Great Britain, which, besides
its own consumption, supplies that of all Europe,
America and the West Indies, centres in Manches-
ter, extending around it in all directions to Fur-
ness and Derby on the N. and S. and to Leeds and
Liverpool on the E. and W. The various branch-
es of the manufacture are carried on more or less
through all this district ; but by far the most ex-
tensive, especially the spinning, in Manchester..
Manchester is, besides, the centre from which the
raw material is distributed to all parts of the dis-
trict, and into which the scattered merchandize is
again collected, when finished, to be sent to Hull,
Liverpool and London, and thence all over the
world.
The principal articles manufactured at Man-
chester at present are velvets, fustians, dimitties,
calicoes, checks, tickings, jeans, shirtings, ging-
hams, quillings, handkerchiefs, nankeens, diapers,
muslinets, muslins, cambrics, and almost every
kind of fancy cotton, and cotton and silk goods.
The Spinning trade is becoming every year more
extensive, and considerable quantities of yarn are
annually exported. The spinning is almost en-
tirely performed by means of machinery, aided by
a number of boys and girls. In 1818, several new-
factories were built in the neighbourhood, and at
present the whole number of spinning-mills and
factories in the town amounts to about 60. The
weaving is also carried on to a great extent ; and
tlie invention of power looms, or looms worked by
machinery, has been recently introduced, and has
extended considerably. Various other operations
are performed by machinery, and nearly the whole
of these machines are now wrought by the steam
engine. The erection and keeping up of this va-
rious and complicated machinery has give rise to
great iron foundries. Besides the weaving and
spinning, the printing, dyeing and bleaching bu-
siness are carried on to a very great extent in and
around Manchester.
The principal cause which has rendered Man-
chester a great emporium of manufactures, is the
natural situation of the place, on the banks of a
navigable river, in the midst of inexhaustible
fields of coal, near the centre of the kingdom, and
capable qf having its external and internal com-
munication greatly improved by art. By mean?
of canals, Manchester enjoys a communication by
water both with the eastern and western seas,
being situated directly in the line of navigation
which here extends across the island from shore
to shore ; whik it is equally open to the north and
south by various branches from the main trunk.
Although one of the largest tov/ns in the kingdom,
Manchester sends no member to Parliament.
Pop. in 1757, 19,800; in 1773, 42,900; 1788,
50,000; 1791,70,000; 1811,98,000; andatpres-
ent estimated at 111,000.
Manchester, t. Nova Scotia, 10 leagues N. W.
(^pe Can^o.
MantJiester, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 21 m. N
IM A N
Bennington. Pop. 1,502. The courts of the coun-
ty are held alternately here and at Bennington.
Manchester, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the E.
bank of the Merrimack, 18 m. S. Concord, 42 W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 615. A bridge is thrown across
the river at this place. Here also is Blodget's
canal, round Amoskeag falls.
Manchester, p-t Essex co. Mass. on the coast, 8
m. E. N. E. Salem, 30 N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,137.
The inhabitants are extensively engaged in the
fisheries.
Manchester, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. at the falls of
tlie Niagara, 20 m. N. Buffalo, 7^ S. Lewistown.
Here are extensive and valuable mills, and a
bridge, ingeniously constructed, just above the
falls, connecting Goat island with Manchester.
Manchester, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Manchester, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
Manchester, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,579.
Manchester, West, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 987.
Manchester, p-t. Baltimore co. Md. 33 m. from
Baltimore, 45 fr. Carlisle.
Manchester, p-t. Chesterfield co. Va. on Jame;3
river, opposite Richmond, with which it is con-
nected by bridges.
Manchester, p-t. Sumter district, S. C.
Manchester, p-t. Clay co. Ken.
Manchester, p-t. Adams co. Ohio, on Ohio river^^
8 m. S. West-Union.
Manchester House, one of the Hudson bay com-
pany's factories, N. America, on the Saskatcha-
wine, 100 m. W. Hudson's House, 75 S. E. Buck-
ingham House. Lon. 109" 20' W. Lat. 53" 14'
18" N.
Mancilla, t. Spain, in Leon, U m. S. S, E. Leon.
Fop. 2,500.
Mancote, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lou. T 28' E,
Lat. 32" 44' N.
Manda, isl. in the straits of Malacca, near the
coast of Sumatra. Lon. 103" 2' E. Lat. 0" 28' N.
Mandado, small isl. near the N. coast of Cele-
bes. Lon. 124" 21 E. Lat. 1" 18' N.
Mandal, s-p. Norway, on the North sea, 19 m.
W. S. W. Christiansand. Lon. 7" 28' 45'' E. Lat,
58" 0' 42" N.
Mandalig Islands, small islands near the N.
coasts of Java. Lon. 1 10" 56' E. Lat. 6" 27' S.
Mandan, Indian village, on Missouri river, 1,600
miles from the Mississippi. Lon. 100" 50' W. Lat.
47° 20' N. Here Lewis and Clark encamped
during the winter of 1804-5, on their voyage up
the Missouri. This place has been selected by the
government of the U. S. for a military post, and it
is well situated to prevent the Hudson bay compa-
ny from extending their trade towards. the head
waters of the Missouri, and along the Rocky
mountains, within our territory; which tract of
country is said to have fur of a better quality, and
in greater abundance, than any other portion of
North America. This post is only 150 miles S. of
the establishment of the Hudson bay company, on
Assiniboin river, and is connected with it by a
good road.
Mandar, a district of Celebes, on the west and
north coast.
Mandaree, s-p. Hind, in Cutch, on the Indian
ocean. Lon. 69" 34' E. Lat. 22" 50' N.
Mandawee Islands, small islands near the S.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 13" 30' E. Lat. 3" 20' S.
Mandelique. See Mandalig.
Mandeo, r. Spain, in Galicia, which runs into
tbe.bay oj Ferrol, oppo.;ite Coriinna.
MAN
4SS
Mandinga, cape on the coast of Quito. Lat. 2"-
38'30"S.
Mandingo, or Manding, a mountainous territory
in Central Africa, bounded E. by Bambarra, N.
by Fooladoo, S. and W. by Gadou and Jallonka-
doo. The whole region is watered by the Niger
in its early course. The Mandingoes have spread
themselves through all the countries on the banks
of the Niger, the Senegal, and, above all, of the
Gambia, and have become the most numerous of
all the races in West Africa. They are a very
gentle race, cheerful in their dispositions, inquisi-
tive, credulous, simple, and fond of flattery. Their
chief defect appears to be an insurmountable pro
pensity to theft. The Mandingo language is more
copious, more refined and polite in its phraseology,
than tliat which is spoken by the other negro
tribes. It is the language of commerce, being un-
derstood, with few exceptions, through all West
Africa. Almost every district, indeed, is traversed
by troops of Mandingo merchants, resembling ix\
their habits and manners the Arabic caravan tra-
ders.
Mandioly, one of the G ilolojslands, 20 miles
long, by 4 broad. The equinoctial line crosses
the island near the centre. Lon. 124° E.
Mandoe, Old and JVeu<, two small islands of Den-
mark, on the W. coast of Sleswick. Lon. 8° 32'
E. Lat. 55" 10' N.
Mandow, or Mundu, district. Hind, in Malwah^
between 22° and 23" N. lat. Mandow or Mundu,
the capital, and formerly the capital of an Afghan
dynasty, is a fortified town, 25 m. S. of Oujein.
Mandowee, t. Hind, in Laliore. Lon. 75° 48' E.
Lat. 32° 54' N.
Mandowee, t. Hind, ni Gujerat. Lon. 73° 25'
E. Lat. 21° 13' N.
Manduria, formerly called Casale JVuovo, t. Na-
ples, in the Basilicata, 6 m. N. E. Cassano. Pop.
4,000,
Manedorf, v. Switz. on the lake of Zurich, 10
«i. S. by E. Zurich. Pop. 2,100.
Manerbio, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, \-2
m. S. Brescia. Pop. 3,300.
Manes, Cape Los, c:ape on the coast of Darien.
Lon. 79" 58' W. Lat. 9" 28' N.
Manfalont. See Monfalont.
Manfredonia, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 110
m. W. N. W. Naples. Pop. 5,000.
Mang, r. Ireland, which runs into Castlemain
harbour, 8 m. S. Tralee.
Mangallooru, isl. near the N. W. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 115" 36' E. Lat. 6" 9' N,
Mangalorc, called also Courial Bunder, seaport
and fortress. Hind, in Canara. It is now in pos-
session of the British, and is the station of the
judge, collector. Sic. of South Canara. Lon. 75"
E. Lat. 12° 49' N.
Mangan Islands, small islands in the gulf of St.
Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon.
63"40'W. Lat. 50" 15' N.
Mangapet, t. Hind, in Hyderabad, on the Goda-
very. Lon. 81° 5' E. Lat. 18" 14' N.
Mangee, t. Hind, in Bahar, at tlie confluence of
the Gogra with the Ganges. I^on. 84° 35' E. Lat.
25° 50' N.
Marigeea, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 15
miles in circuit. . Lon. 201" 53' E. Lat. 21" 57' S,
Mangeray Strait, channel of the Eastern seas, ;
which separates the island of Floris, or Ende, from
that of Comobo.
Manglares, or Corn Island, isl. in the Spatiish
Mrin, I.on. S9° 20' W. I.nt, n°45' N,
43^
M A K
MAN
Manglieu, t France, in Puy de Dome, 8 m. E.
Issoire. Pop. 1,300.
Manguir, t. Caramania, in Asia Minor, 70 m.
W. Caesarea.
Manhattan, the ancient name of JVei^j-Forifc wi-
and.
Manhattanville, v. N. Y. on the E. bank of the
Hudson, 9 m. above the city of New- York.
Manheim, or Mannheim, t. Germany, in Baden,
at the confluence of the Neckar and the Rhine.
It is one of the finest towns in Germany. The
streets are wide, straight, well paved, and the
houses uniform and elegant. The palace belong-
ing to the grand duke, contains a gallery of paint-
ings, cabinets of antiquities and natural history,
and a library with 60,000 volumes. 34 m. N.
Carlsrhue, and 36 S. by W. Mentz. Lon. 8° 28'
E. Lat. 49° 29' 18 " N. Pop. 18,200.
Manheim, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
Mohawk, 25 m. W. Johnstown, 60 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,444.
Manheim, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,354.
Manheim, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,207.
Manheim, p-t. liancaster co. Pa. 11 m. by W.
Lancaster, 77 W. Philadelphia. P)p. 1,282.
Maniana, country, Central Africa, S. E. of
Bambarra, on a river which falls into the Niger.
Manita, a district of jMocaranga, in E. Africa, the
chiet mart of the gold which is exported from that
part of Africa. Lon. 28° E. Lat 20" 20' S.
Manickdurg, t. Hind, in Berar. Lat. 19° 59' N.
Manickpatam, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the sea side,
12 m. S. W, Juggernauth. Lon. 85" 36' E. Lat.
19° 41' N.
Manickpore, district, Hind, in Allahabad. Ma-
nickpore, the capital, is on the N. E. bank of the
Ganges. Lon. 81° 25' E. Lat. 25° 47' N.
Manicougan, or Black River, r. Lower Canada,
whicli runs S. and falls into the St. Lawrence,
near Manicougan point.
Manicougan Point, cape, Lower Canada, on
the N. coast of the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 67°
50' W. Lat. 49° 12' N.
Manien, small isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat.
45° S.
Manifold, Cape, cape on the E. shore of New
Holland. Lon. 150° 50' E. Lat. 22° 42' S.
..; Manilla, t. in the isl. of Lucon, and cap. of the
1. Spanish settlements in the Philippines, on a bay
of the same name, at the mouth of the Pasig. Pop.
38,000, of whom 1,000 or 1,200 are Spaniards, and
the rest mulattoes, Indians or Chinese. Manilla,
though regularly fortified, could not be defended
against an European force. From its advanta-
geous position in relation to India, China and Ame-
rica, Manilla might, under a liberal and wise gov-
ernment, rise into great importance as an empo-
rium of commerce. But, under Spanish policy,
its trade has been repressed by the most harassing
and absurd restrictions. The chief exports are
cordage, resinous substances, pitch and tar, cloths,
rushes, rattans, indigo of an excellent quahty,
rice and cotton. Three leagues S. W. from Ma-
nilla lies the port of Cavite, at which large ships
generally unload. In 1772, Manilla was taken by
the English; and to save it from destruction, it
agreed to pay a million sterling for its ransom.
jv Lon. 120" 54' E. Lat. 14° 38' N.
•, Manilla Isla7ids. See Lucon; and Philippine
i. Islands.
(>, Manipa, one of the smaller Molucca isles. Lon.
W°bl'E. Lat. 3° 21' N.
Manitou, r. Missouri, which runs into the N*
side of the river Missouri, not far below Franklin.
Manitou, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Manitou, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Manitouivank, r. Michigan Territory, which ri-
ses near Lake Winnebago, and after a course of 60
or 70 miles, falls into Lake Michigan.
Manjea, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon. 83° E. Lat.
24°20''N.
Mankap, small isl. in the Eastern seas, off the S.
W. extremity of Borneo. Lon. 102° 57' E. Lat.
3°S.
Mankiam Isle, small isl. in the Eastern seas, off
the W. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 30' E. Lat. 0"
20° N.
Manlius, p-t. Ononds^o co. N. Y. on the Erie
canal, lb m. E. Onondago, 137 W. Albany. Pop.
3,127. The village of Manlius contains about
100 houses, and an Episcopal church. A news-
paper is published here. In Limestone creek in
this town, there is a perpendicular fall of 100
feet.
Manna, t. Jallonkadoo, W. Africa, near the Sen-
egal. Lon. 8° 50' W. Lat. 12° 20' N.
Mannersdorf, t Austria, 20 m. S. E. Vienna.
Poj). 1,000.
Mannhartsberg, a mountain chain in Austria,
extending from N. to S. beginning at the frontier
of Moravia, and terminating at the Danube.
Manningbay, harbour on the W. coast of Ire-
1 and. Lon. 10° 5' W. Lat. 53° 28' N.
Manningham, t. Eng. in Yorlcshire, 2 m. N. W.
Bradford. Pop. 1,596.
Mannington, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 1,644.
Manningtree, t. Eng. in Essex, on the river
Stour, navigable from this town to Sudbury. 1 li
m. from Harwich, 61 from London. Lon. 1° 3' E.
Lat. 51° 56' N. Pop. 1,075.
Manon, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis-
sippi.
Manor, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,642.
Manor Hamilton, v. Ireland, in Leitrim, 13 m.
E. Sligo, 17 W. Enniskillen,
Manos, cluster of small islands, in the Spanish
Main. Lon. 78° 40' \V. Lat. 9" 17' N.
Manosque, t. France, in Lower Alps, 490 m. S.
by E. Paris. Pop. 5,400.
ManouMvan, small isl. in the Pacific, near the
N. coast of Waygoo. Lon. 131° 10' E. Lat. 0°
6'N.
Manowly, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75° 10' E.
Lat, 15°58'N.
Manques Secas, small islands near the coast of
Brazil. Lon. 44° 50' W. Lat. 2" 25' S.
Manques Verdes, small islands near the coast of
Brazil. Lon. 44° 46' W. Lat. 2° 25' S.
Manresa, Minorosa, or Manxes, t. Spain, in Cat-
alonia, 29 m. N. N. W. Barcelona. Pop. 9,000.
Mans,Le, t. France, cap. of Sarthe, near the
river Sarthe. It has manufactures of linen, sail-
cloth, flannel, sei^e, druggets, and wax candles.
20 m. S. Alencon, 75 W. by N. Orleans. Lon. 0°
1 1' 35" E. Lat. 48° 0' 30" N. Pop. 1 8,500.
Mansarowar, properly Manas-sarowar, a lake on
the N. side of the Himmaleh mountains, 50 miles
in circumference, formerly supposed to be the
source of the river Ganges. It is situated about
31° N. lat. and 81° E. lon.
Memsfeld, a district of Saxony, W. of Leipsic.
It was formerly a country of the German em-
pire, and depended in a certain extent, as a fief, oh
MAN
jVIagdeburg and Saxony. Area, 420 square miles.
Pop. 60,000.
Mans/eld, or Thai Mans/eld, t. Prussian Saxony,
42 m. W. N. W. Leipsic. Pop. 1,300.
Mansfield, t. Eng. in Nottingham co. on the
Maun. Here are 8 cotton mills, on a very large
scale ; also 700 frames for stockings and gloves,
both silk smd cotton ; and 3 iron foundries for light
castings. 14 m. N. Nottingham, 138 N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 1° 1 2' W. Lat. 53" 8' N. Pop. in 18 1 1 ,
6,816; now 8,000.
Mansfield, t. Chittenden co. Vt, 20 m. N. Bur-
lington. Pop. 38. Mansfield mountain, one of
the loftiest of the Green Mountains, lies chiefly in
this town.
Mansfield, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 12 m. N. Taun-
ton, 30 S. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,030.
Mansfield, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 28 m. E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 2,570. It contains 5 houses of public
worship.
Mansfield, t. Herkimer co. N. Y.
Mansfield, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Muscone-
cunk, 7 m. S. E. Oxford.
Mansfield, t Burlington co. N. J. 8 ra. W. Bur-
lington. Pop. 1,810.
Mansfield, p-v. Amelia co. Va.
Mansfield, p-t, and cap. Richland co. Ohio, 73
m. N. E. Columbus, 53 from Wooster.
Mansfield Island, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 80"
40' W. Lat. 62" 5' N.
Mansilla, t. Spain, in Leon, 10 m. S. E. Leon.
Pop. ,000.
Mansir, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 74° 20' E.
Lat. 32" 50' N.
Mansle, t. France, on the Charente, 14 m. N.
Angouleme. Pop. 1,300.
Mansoura, t Lower Egypt, built by the Sara-
cens as a bulwark against the Christians. The
trade is chiefly carried on by Syrian Christians,
who export the fine rice growing round Lake
Menzaleh, and sal ammoniac. 24 m. S. S. W. Da-
mietta.
Mansourah, r. Algiers, (an. Sisaris,) which falls
into the sea, about 18 m. E. Boujeiah.
Mamsouria, t. Bagdad, on the Euphrates, about
20 m. above its junction with the Tigris.
Mania, t.Quito, 88 m. from Guayaquil. Lon. 80°
26' W. Lat.0"58'S.
Mania, Bay of, on the W. coast of S. America,
20 m. S. of the equator, formerly famous for the
pearl-fishery.
Mantanane, small isl. near the N. W. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 1 1 6" 27' E. Lat. 6° 38' N.
Mantelan, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 16 m.
S. Tours.
Mantes, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine, 31 m. W. N. W. Paris. Pop. 4,300.
Mantilly, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. S. W. Dom-
front. Pop. 2,300.
Mantinera, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Naples. Lon. 13" 62' E. Lat. 39" 55' N.
j Mantincea. See Trapoliza.
Mantua, a province of Austrian Italy, contigu-
ous to the duchies of Parma and Modena. Extent,
880 square miles. Pop. 214,000. The surface is
in general level . It is watered by the Po, the Og-
lio, the Mincio, the Sechio, and a number of smal-
ler streams. The soil is of great fertility, except
in some marshy tracts.
Mantua, city, Austrian Italy, cap. of the prov-
ince of the same name, on islands formed by the
MA R
437
Mincio. It is both by nature and art, one of the
strongest places in Europe. Most of the streets
are broad, regular, and well paved ; the houses of
stone, and in general well built ; and the public
squares are spacious and elegant. In the centre
of one of the squares stands Virgil's monument, a
column of marble, resting on a pedestal of the
same material, with a bronze statue of the poet at
the top. The principal public edifice is the ca-
thedral, a beautiful building, surmounted by a fine
dome. Mantua is the seat of a university, founded
in 1725. The population and manufactures have
greatly declined since the end of the 17th century.
In 1796 and 1799, both were much reduced by
dreadful sieges. In 1780, the population was near-
ly 30,000, At present it does not exceed 23,000 ;
of these between 4,000 and 5,000 are Jews. 70 m-
W. S. W. Venice, 70 E. S. E. Milan. Lon. 10°
46' E. Lat. 45° 8' N.
Mantua, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga
river, 10 m. N. Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 600,
ManueVsfort, Missouri Territory, on the Yel-
lowstone, Lon, 106" 30' W. Lat, 46" N.
Manwas, district. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Man-
was, the capital, is in lon. 85" 6' E. lat. 24" 13' N.
Manzanares, r. Spain, which passes Madrid, and
falls into the Henares, 8 miles below.
Manzanares, r. S. America, which enters the
sea near the city of Cumana.
Manzanares, t. Spain, in New Castile, 21 m. E.
Ciudad Real. Pop. 6,800.
Manzanilla Key, a small rocky isl, near the S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 77" 38' W. Lat. 20' 54' N.
Manzat, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 14 m. N. by
W. Clermont. Pop. 1,500.
Manzinskoi, fortress, Russia, in Irkoutsk, 30 m.
S. S. E. Selinginsk. Lon. 108" 44' E. Lat. 49°
6'N.
Manzora, or Chircira, r. E. Africa, which joins
the Zambeze, in lat. 16° 35' S.
Mansureka, r. Russia, which falls into the Lena,
near a village of the same name, Lon. 106° 34' E.
Lat. 53° 45' N.
Mao, city, China, of the second rank, iu Setchu-
en, Lon. 103° 32' E. Lat. 31" 38' N.
Maon, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe of
Judah.
Maouna, or Massacre Island, one of the Naviga-
tor's islands, in the Pacific ocean. Capt. Edwards
tails this island Otutuela. Lon. of the anchoring
place, 189" 1' E. Lat. 14" 22' S.
Mapocho, r. Chili, which passes the city of San-
tiago, and afterwards enters the Maipo.
Mar, Cape, promontory, on the N. W. coast of
Spain, in the Atlantic. Lon. 4° 58' W. Lat. 43°
29' N.
Marabea, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 6 m. N. Loheia.
Maraca, small isl. near the coast of Guiana.
Lon. 51" 26' W. Lat. 2" N.
Mararaguaco, a branch of the Amazon river,
which joins the main stream, 40 m. S. W. Pauxis.
Maracaibo, province, of the Caraccas, in S.
America, bounded N. by the Carribbean sea, and
E. by Venezuela. Pop. according to Depons,
100,000.
Maracaibo, cap. of the above province, is on the
W. side of lake Maracaibo, six leagues from the
sea. The houses are covered with reeds, which
constantly expose them to conflagration. Pop. in
1801,22,000, which was afterwards increased by
the accession cf Spaniards, who fled from St. Do-
mingo. The number of slaves is about 5,000. A
438
MAR
MAR
bar, which has but 10 or 12 feet depth of water,
entirely excludes large vessels. 140 leagueis W.
Caraccas. Lon. 71" 46' W. Lat. 10" 30' N.
Maracaibo, a great lake of S. America, 200
miles long, and 70 broad, which communicates
with the gulf of Maracaibo through a narrow
strait, which is well defended by strong forts. —
This lake is easily navigated, and carries vessels
of the greatest burden.
Maracana, t. Brazil, 80 m. N. N. E. Para. Lon.
49" W. LatO"27'S.
Maracay, or Moracao, t S. America, 40 m. S.
W. Caraccas. Pop. 8,400.
Maracu, r. Brazil, which runs into the gulf of
San Luis de Maranham, in lat. 3" 40' S.
Maraga, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 68 m. N. Ta-
breez. Lon. 46" 25' E. Lat. 37° 20' N. Pop.
15,000.
Maraga, t Upper Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile, 6 m. S. Tahta.
Marah, in Sac. Geog. a place in the Arabian
desert, famous for its bitter or salt springs.
Marajo Island. See Joannes.
Maramecy r. Missouri, which joins the Missis-
sippi, 18 m. below St. Louis. It is navigable 350
miles.
Maranda, fief, Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. S. W.
Quebec.
Maranham, province, Brazil, which compre-
hends the island of that name, and part of the ad-
jacent continent. It is bounded E. by Seara, N.
by the Atlantic, and W. by Para. Cotton is the
staple production, with sugar and rice, several
cargoes of which are annually exported.
Maranham, isl. Brazil, at the mouth of three
rivers. It is 31 miles long, very fertile, and well
inhabited. St. Louis_ de Maranham, the capital
of the province, is on the island. It is very strong,
and has a stout castle built on a rock, towards the
sea, which commands a very convenient harbor.
Lon. 43" 37' W. Lat. 2" 30' S.
Marano, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adriatic, 40
m. E. Treviso. Pop. 1,000.
Marano, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, 6 m.
N.W.Naples. Pop. 6,600.
Maranon. See Amazon.
Marans, t. France, in Lower Charente, 3 m.
from the sea, 12 m. N. N. E. La Rochelle. Pop.
4,700.
Marantabuan, small isl. in the Eastern seas, N.
of Borneo. Lon. 1 17° 39' E. Lat. 6° 55' N.
Maras, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis-
sippi.
Ma/rasind Islands, 2 small islands in the Eastern
seas. Lon. 118" 20' E. Lat. 5" 15' S.
Maratea, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, on the
gulf of Policastro, and divided into Maratea Infe-
riore, and Superiore, 10 m. S. E. Policastro. Pop.
4,100.
Marathon, v. on the E. shore of Attica, famous
for the victory of Miltiades over the Persians ; 20
m. N. E. Athens.
Maratho7i, p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Alabama,
on Tennessee river, at the head of the Muscle
shoals, 45 m. W. Huntsville.
Marati, band of desperate pirates, on the N. E.
coast of Madagascar.
Maratonisi, t. Greece, in the Morea, on a gulf
to which it gives name, 22 m. S. W. Malvasia.
Maratuba, islands in the Eastern seas, off the E.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 118" 35' E. Lat. 2" 15' N.
Maraxptts, or Marawar, district, Iwlia, ou the E.
shore, opposite Ceylon, between 9" and 10" N. lal.
60 milfes long, by 40 broad.
Marawil, t. Ceylon, 14 m. N. Negombo.
Marazion, or Market Jew, t. Eng. in CornwaU,
on St. Mount's bay. Lon. 5° 17' W. Lat. 50° 7' N.
Pop. 1,248.
Marblehead, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. S. E. Sa-
lem, 16 N. E. Boston. Lat. 42" 32' N. Lon. 70"
50' W. It contains a bank, a custom-house, and 5
houses for public worship, 2 for Congregational*
ists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for Baptists. The harbor lies in front of the town,
and extends from S. W. to N. E. about a mile and
a half in length, and is half a mile broad. It is
convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall.
The inhabitants of this town are more extensive-
ly engaged in the bank fisheries than any other in,
the U. S. Pop. in 1810, 5,900.
Marbletown, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. 10 m. W.
Kingston. Pop. 3,363.
Marboz, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. N. Bourg.
Pop. 2,500.
Marburg, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Lahn. A university was established here in
1527, which has 200 students. Pop. 6,500. 45 m.
S. W. Cassel.
Marburg, t. Austrian states, on the Drave. It
is the capital of a circle, and contains 5,000 in-
habitants. The circle of Marburg has an area of
1,330 sq. miles, and 173,000 inhabitants. 116 m.
S. by W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 42' E. Lat. 46" 34' N.
Marcasi, 3 small islands off the coast of Peru.
Lat. 11° 30' S.
Marcellus, p-t. Onondago co. N. Y. on Skenea-
teles lake, 10 m. W. Onondago, 60 W. Utica.
Pop. 4,725. In this town is the village of Ske-
neateles.
Marcenat, t. France, in Cautal, 14 m. N. by W.
Murat. Pop. 2,100.
March, t. Eng. in the isle of Ely, and county of
Cambridge, 11 m. fr. Wisbeach, 80 fr. London.
Lon. 0" 6' E. Lat. 52" 34' N. Pop. 3,098.
Marchand Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
142°19'W. Lat. 9" 21' S.
Marche, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 30 m. S. Na-
mur. Pop. 1,400.
Marche, t. France, jn Vosges, 26 m. W. S. W,
Epinal. Pop. 1,600.
Marcheck, t. Lower Austria, on the Morava, 1 4
m. N. W. Presburg. Lon. 16° 56' E. Lat. 48° 15'
N. Pop. 1,400.
Marchienne au Pont, t. Netherlands, in Hai-
nault, 18 m. E. by S. Mons. Pop. 1,200.
Marchiennes, t. France, in North, 9 m. W. N.
W. Valenciennes. Pop. 2,2(X).
Marciac, t. France, in Gers, 10 m. W. Mirande.
Pop. 1,500.
Marcianise, or Marcianisi, t. Naples, in the
Terra di Lavoro, 13 m. N. Naples. Pop. 5,700.
Marcille, t. France, inMayenne, 6 m.E. May-
enne. Pop. 1,200,
Marcolles, i. France, in Cantal, 17 m. S. W.
Auriliac. Pop. 1,350.
Marcus hook, p-t. Delaware co. Pa. on the Dela-
ware, 20 m. below Philadelphia.
Mardoii, isl. Norway, in the Sound. Lon. 8°
55' E. Lat. 58" 14' N.
Mareb, r. Sennaar, in Africa, which falls into
theTacazze, about 156 m. above the junction of
that river with the Nile.
Marecchia, r. Italy, which falls into the gulf of
Venice, at Rimini.
MAR
M A R
439
J\Iarechattx, Cape, on the S. coast of Hispanio-
la. Lon. 73" 23' W. Lat. 18° 16' N.
Mare meg. See Maramec.
Maremma, La, the name given to a country in
Italy, extending along the S. W. coast, from Leg-
horn on the N. as far as Terracina on the Nea-
politan frontier. Many parts of it are marshy,
and the whole unhealthy.
Marengo, v. Sardinian states, on the Bormida.
Here was fought, on the 14th June 1800, the
memorable battle of Marengo, between the
French and Austrians. 5 m. S. E. Alessandria,
50 E. by S. Turin. Pop. 2,200.
Marengo, co. Alabama, on the E. side of the
Tonibigbee.
Marennes, t. France, in Lower-Charente, 25
m. S. Rochelle. Pop. 4,700.
Mareotis, an extensive lake of Egypt, S. of Al-
exandria, separated from the Mediterranean by a
narrow strip of land. On the E. it is separated
by a neck of land equally narrow, from the lake
of Aboukir.
Mareshah, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the
tribe of Judah.
Maretimo, (an. Hiera,) small isl. of the Medi-
terranean, belonging to the ^gades group, about
20 m. from the W. coast of Sicily. Lon. 12° 13'
E. Lat. 38° 4' N.
Margallaway, r. which rises in the highlands
that separate Maine from Canada, and flowing S.
into New Hampshire, receives the waters of Um-
bagog lake, and takes the name of Androscoggin.
Margam, v. Wales, in Glamorgan, 7 m. from
Briton Ferry.
Marganin, t. Prussian Poland, 38 m. W. S. W.
Bromberg. Pop. 1,700.
Margaret'' s Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 143°
24' W, Lat. 20° 26' S.
Margareltsville, v. Washington co. Md. 10 m. S.
by E. Elizabethtown.
Margariii, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, near the
*ea coast, on the site of the ancient Gi/tana. Pop.
6,000.
Margaritta, Spanish isl. in the Carribbean sea,
on the coast of Cumana, 30 m. in circumference.
The soil is poor, and unfit for cultivation. It is
the position of this island, so near the Spanish
settlements, being separated from Terra Firma
by a strait of only 8 leagues, that gives it its pe-
culiar importance. There are but three ports.
The principal is Pampatar, on the S. E. side of
the island. It is there that all the fortifications
deemed requisite for the defence of the island,
are placed. The capital city is Assumption,
built almost in the centre of the island. Pop.
14,000, of whom 5,500 are whites, 2,000 Indians,
and 6,500 slaves and freed persons. Their prin-
cipal riches are in the pearl fisheries established
in the island of Coche, in the middle of the chan-
nel. Lon. 64° and 65° W. Lat. 10° 56' N.
Margate, s-p. Eng. in Kent, at the mouth of the
Thames. Margate is chiefly supported by the
numerous visitors which resort hither in summer,
and the business which their residence occasions.
Since the invention of steam vessels, the town has
wonderfully increased, in order to accommodate
the vast numbers brought by this expeditious con-
veyance. Six steam packets are employed in
summer, starting two each day from Margate and
London, entirely superseding the original sailing
packets. In the summer of 1819, the number of
ja-'sengers carried to and from London was 42, 120.
72 m. E. by S. London. Lon. 1° 23' E. Lat. 51"
23' N. Pop. 6,849.
Margeesera, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 23'
E. Lat. 13° 35' N.
Margonin, t. Prussian Poland,' 40 m. N. by E.
Posen. Pop. 1,700.
Margot, r. Mississippi, which joins the Missis-
sippi, in lat. 35" 28' N.
Marguerite, isl. in the Mediterranean, on the
S. E. coast of France. Lon. 7° 3' E. Lat. 43°
31' N.
Marguerites, t. France, in Gard, 5 m. N. E.
Nismes. Pop. 2,100.
Maria, t. New Granada, 32 leagues fr. Car-
thagena.
Maria, t. Gaspe district. Lower Canada, on
Chaleur bay.
Maria, r. Illinois, which falls into the Missis-
sippi.
Maria, r. Missouri Territory, which rises in the
Rocky mountains, and joins the Missouri, 30 m^
below the great falls.
Maria, Capej isl. off the N. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 135° 53i' E. Lat. 14° 50' S.
Maria, Van Diemen, the N. W. point of New
Zealand. Lon. 172° 42' E. Lat. 34° 30' S.
Maria'' s Island, isl. in the Southern ocean, off
the E. coast of Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 143"
29' E. Lat. 42° 42' S.
Maria de Leuca, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto,
near the promontory of Leuca, 25 m. S. by W.
Otranto.
Mariager, s-p.DeAmark, in North Jutland. Lon.
10° 0' 15" E. Lat. 56° 39' 3" N.
Mariana, or Marianne Islands. See Ladrones.
Mariana, t. Brazil, 8 m. E. Villa Rica. Pop.
6,000.
Marianella, v. Italy, in the Terra di Lavoro,
near Naples. Pop. 1,400.
Marianne Islands, 3 small islands in Lake Borg-
ne, 3 m. from the coast of Mississippi.
Marias las Tres, 3 small islands off Guadalaxa-
ra, in Mexico. Lat. 21" 16' N. Lon. 106° 17' W.
Marias Islands, 3 uninhabited islands in the Pa-
cific ocean. The most northern and largest is 13
miles long. 204 m. E. S. E. Cape St. Lucas.
Lon. of anchoring place, 253° 54' E. Lat. 21'
28' N.
Mariarille, t. Hancock co. Maine, 40 m. N. E.
Castine.
Marie, r. Illinois, which runs into the Mississip-
pi between the Auvase and the Kaskaskias.
Marie, Cape Dame, the W. point of St. Domin-;
go, which, with the Cape St. Nicholas, forms the
entrance of the bay of Leogane. Lon. 74° 26' W.
Lat. 18° 38' N. 60 leagues W. Port au Prince,
Mariegalante, isl. W. Indies, between Guada-
loupe ami Dominica, 42 m. in circumference. Lon.
6ri9' W. Lat. 15°56'N.
Marienberg, t. Germany, in Saxony. It has
mines of silver, iron, vitriol, and tin. 35 m. S. W.
Dresden. Pop. 2,600.
Marienburg, t. W. Prussia, on the Nogat. Here
are extensive breweries knd distilleries. 26 m.
S. S. E. Dantzic. Lon. 19° 1' E. Lat. 54° 1' N.
Pop. 7,200.
Marieniverder, one of the two governments int©
which W, Prussia is now divided. Area, 6,880
sq. miles. Pop. 302,000. Marienwerder, t. <^'.
Prussia, the capital, is on the Nogat, 43 ni.' ». of
Dantzic, 90 S. W. Konigsberg, jbon. 18" ^0' E.
Lat. 53° 44' N. Pop. 5,100,
440
MAR
MAR
Marien&eU, t. Austrian states, 6 m. W. S. W.
Baden. It is the Loretto of Austria. The crowds
who resort to a chapel here are immense.
Mariestadt, t. Sweden, on the lake Wennes, 60
m. S. W. Orebro. Pop. ],100.
Marietta, p-v. Onondago co. N. Y.
Marietta, borough and p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on
the E. side of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. Lan-
caster.
Marietta, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Ohio, on
tlie W. bank of the Ohio river, immediately above
the mouth of Muskingum river, 178 m. below
Pittsburg, 93 E. by N. Chillicothe, 109 S. E. Co-
lumbus, 61 S. E. Zanesville. Lat. 39° 23' N. Lon.
81° 20' W. It contains the county buildings, a
land office, an academy, bank, printing office, and
Presbyterian meetmg-house. During 7 years
from 1800 to 1807, ship-building was carried on
here to a considerable extent ; and since 1816 this
business has revived. The situation of the town
is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable to annual
inundation. Pop. in 1810, 1,463.
Marigliano, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 12
m. E. N. E. Naples. Pop. 5,500.
Marignane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhonc,
14 m. W. Aix. Pop. 1,600.
Marignano, or Malegnano, t. Austrian Italy, in
Milan, 8 m. W. N. W. Lodi. Pop. 4,C0O.
Marigny, t. France, in La Manche, 6 m. W.
St. Lo. Pop. 3,800.
Marigny, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 m.
S. W. Charolles. Pop. 2,500.
Marindugera, one of the Philippine islands, near
the S. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat. 13"
29' N.
Maringues, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 14 m.
N. W. Thiers. Fop. 3,800.
Marino, t. States of the Church, 12 m. S. E.
Rome.
Marion, district, S. C. Pop. 8,884. Slaves,
2,771. Chief town, Gilesborough. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Marion, formerly Wilkinson, co. Geo. Pop.
«154. Slaves, 31 8.
Marion, p-t. and cap. Twiggs co. Geo.
Marion, co. Alabama, between the Tuscaloosa
and Tombigbee rivers.
Marion, co. Mississippi, on Pearl river. Pop.
in 1816, 1,701. Slaves, 686. Chief town. Fords.
Marian, co.Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indian
Reservation.
Marion and Croze fs Islands, four islands in the
Indian ocean. Lon. 47° E. Lat. 48° S.
Mariotte, t. Switz. in Ticino, 5 m. S. by W. Lu-
gano.
Mariqv.it a, city. New Granada, 80 m. S. Santa
Fe. Lon. 74° 6' W. Lat. 5° 16' N.
Marilico, r. S. America, in Carthagena, which
runs into the Spanish Main, in lon. 76° 42' W. lat.
8° 5' N.
Marivelas, or Marivelle Bay, bay on the W. coast
of Lucon. Lon. 120° 24' E. Lat. 14° 30' N.
Marivelas, or Marivelle, one of the smaller Phi-
lippine islands.
Mariupol, t. Eu. Russia, on the sea of Azoph, at
the mouth of the Kalmius, 140 m. S. E. Ekaterin-
oslav. Pop. 2,000.
Marizza, or Marissa, the ancient Hebrus, r. Eu.
Turkey, which passes by Philipopoli, Adrianople,
and Trajanopoli, and runs into a bay of the Archi-
pelago, called the gulf of Enos.
Mark, co. Germany, in the Prussian province
of Westphalia. Extent, 667 square miles. Pop.
132,000. It is traversed by the Lippe and the
Roer. The chief town is Hamm,
Marken, isl. Netherlands, in the Zuyder-Zee,
10 m. E. Amsterdam.
Market Bosicorth. See Bosworth.
Market Deeping, t. Eng. in Lincoln co. Lon. 0*
18' W. Lat. 52° 42' xW.
Market Drayton, t. Eng. in Salop co. 1 1 m. S. E.
Whitchurch, 154 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 29' W.
Lat. 52" 55' N. Pop. 3,370.
Market Harborough. See Harborough.
Market Jew. See Marazion.
Market Weighton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the
road from York to Hull. Lon. 0° 40' W. Lat. 53°
52' N. Pop. 1,508.
Markinch, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 10 m. S. W.
Cupar.
Markisch-Friedland, t. West Prussia, 15 m. W.
by N. Deutsche-Cron. Pop. 2,000.
Mark-Lissa, t. Prussian states, on the Queiss, 15
m. S. E. Gorlitz. Pop. 1,300.
Markolsheim, t. France, 32 ra. S. E. Strasburg.
Pop. J, 500.
Marks, Lake of, or Shibkah el Lowdeah, lake in
the S. part of Tunis, 60 miles long, and 18 broad.
It is supposed by Dr. Shaw to be the Palus Trito-
nis of the ancients.
Marlborough, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Ken-
net. It sends two members to parliament. 74 m.
W.London. Lon. 1°43'W. Lat. 51° 25' N. Pop.
2,579.
Marlborough, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada.
Marlborough, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada.
Marlborough, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 3 m. S. E.
Keene. Pop. 1,142.
Marlborojigh, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 44 m. S.
Windsor. Pop. 1,245.
Marlborough, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. E.
Worcester, 27 W. Boston. Pop. 1,674.
Marlborough, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. S. E.
Hartford. Pop. 720.
Marlborough, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
23 m. below Kingston. Pop. 1,964. It has 2 hous-
es of public worsliip, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for
Presbyterians.
Marlborough. See Winnjield.
Marlborough, t. Montgomery co. Pa, Pop. 672.
Marlborough, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop.
1,046.
Marlborough, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop.
917.
Marlborough, Lower, p-v. Calvert co. Md. on
the Patuxent ; 30 m. S. VV. Annapolis.
Marlborough, Upper, p-t. and cap. Prince George
CO. Md. on the Patuxent, 21 m. S. W. Annapolis.
Marlborough, district, S. C. Pop. 4,966. Slaves.,
1,709. At the court-house is a post-office.
Marlborough, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 206.
Marie, t. France, in Aisne, 106 m. N. by E. Paris.
Pop. 1,600.
Marley^s Store, p-v. Sampson co. N. C.
Marlow, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 566.
Marlow, Great, borough and t. Eng. in Bucking-
hamshire, near the Thames. 31 m. W. by N,
London. Lon. 0" 46' W. Lat. 51° 34' N. Pop.
2,799.
Marlstrand, isl. off the S. W. coast of Sweden.
Lon. 1 1° 29' E. Lat. 57° 53' N.
Marly, t. France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 6 m. E-
Guise. Pop. 1,000.
Marly-le-Roi, t. France, in Seine -and-Oise, f>
MAR
MAR
441
m. N. Versailles, 10 W. Paris, famous for its mag-
hificent gardens and water works. Fop. 1,200.
Marmagnac, t. France, in Cantal, 3 m. E. Au-
rillac. Pop. 1,900.
Marmande, t. France, in Lot-and-G aronne, on
the Garonne, 34 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 6,100.
Marmord.^ isl. in the sea of Marmora, 30 miles in
circumference. 60 m. S. W. Constantinople.
Marmora, Sea of, a body of water, 90 miles long
and 33 broad, between Europe and Asia, commu-
nicating with the Euxine sea through the straits of
Constantinople, and with the Archipelago through
the strait of the Dardanelles.
Marmorice, s-p. A. Turkey, at the head of a bay,
nearly opposite the island of Rhodes. The har-
bour is one of the finest in the world. Lon. 28" 31'
E. Lat. 36" 52' N.
Marne, r, France, which rises near Langres,
and after a course of 220 miles, falls into the Seine
at Charenton, a few miles above Paris.
Marne, a department in the N. E. of France.
Extent, 3,200 sq. miles. Pop. in 1816,311,000.
Wine is the great product Chalons sur Marne is
the capital.
Marne, Upper, a department in the N. E. of
France. Extent, 2,560 sq. miles. Pop. 238,000.
The principal product is wine. Upwards of
500,000 acres are covered with forests. The
number of iron mines is 25 ; the workmen, about
4,000; the quantity of iron furnished, nearly
20,000 tons, of which the half is wrought, the half
cast iron. Chaumont is the capital,
Marne, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 5 m. N. W.
Brunsbuttel. Pop. 9(30.
Maro, t. Piedmont, 9 m. N. W. Oneglia. Pop.
1,800.
Marolles les Breaux, t. France, in Sarthe, 8 m.
S. by W. Mamers. Pop. 1,800.
Marommes, t. France, in Lower-Seine, 3 m. N.
W. Rouen. Pop. 1,500.
Maronda, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° 7' E. Lat.
26° 43' N.
Maroni, or Marawina, r. S. America, in Guia-
na, which runs into the Atlantic, in lon. 55" 14'
W. lat. 5° 52' N.
Marosch, or Maros, r. Austrian states, which ris-
es among the Carpatiiian mountains, crosses Tran-
sylvania, and Hungary proper, and falls into the
Teisse opposite Szegedin.
Maroslica, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. N. Vicenza.
Pop. 1,600.
Maros, t. Transylvania, 52 m. N. E. Carlsburg.
Pop. 10,000.
Marpach, or Marbach, t. Wirtemberg, at the
confluence of theNeckar and the Murr, 11 m. N.
by E. Stutgard. Lon. 9° 21' E. Lat. 48" 58' N. Pop.
2,100.
Marple, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4i m, E. S. E.
Stockport. Pop. 2,254.
Marple, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 649.
Marq en Bareul, t. France, dep. of the North.
3 m. M. E. Lisle. Pop. 2,CX)0.
Marquais, t. France, in Dordogne, 5 m. N. W.
Sarlat. Pop. 1,200.
Marquesado, Villa del, t. Mexico, 48 leagues S.
E. Mexico. Lon. 277° 10' W. Lat. 18" 2' N.
Marquesas, Marquis of Mendoza^s Islands, or
Mendoca Islands, a cluster of islands in the South
Pacific ocean, extending from 138|" to 140^° W.
lon. and from 8i" to 10^" S. lat. Various accounts
are given of the soil of these islands; but all ac-
counts agree that the inhabitants are remarkable
for the beautiful proportion.'^ of their bodv and the
5G
regularity of their features. They are all strong,
tall, and extremely active. Pop. estimated at
50,000.
Jlfaz-^Mw/s/ands, cluster of small islands in the
Florida stream. Lon. 81° 30' VV. Lat. 24° 35' N.
Marquise, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6 m. N.
E. Boulogne. Pop. 1,400.
Marr, district, Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, con-
taining 900 sq. miles. Pop. 53,000.
Marraboo, t. Bambarra, in Central Africa, oa
the upper part of the iNiger, 150 m. S. W. Sego.
Marrah, t. Syria, 40 m. S. VV. Aleppo.
Marr at, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 11 m. S.
Thiers. Pop. 2,400.
Marray, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 11 m. N.
Tours. Pop. 1,000.
Marr''s bluff, p-v. Liberty co. S. C.
Marsac, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 6 m. S. E,
Ambert. Pop. 3,000.
Marsaglia, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. E. Mondovi.
Marsal, t. France, in Meurthe, 17 m. iV. E.
Nancy. Pop. 1,400.
Marsala, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, at the
W. extremity of the island, on the promontory of
Lilubseum. 45 m. S. W. Palermo. Lon. 12° 27'
E. Lat. 37" 52' N. Pop. 10,000.
Marsden, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 18 m. from Man-
chester. Pop. 1,800.
Mars Diep, a passage from the German ocean
into the Zuyder-Zee, between the extremity of
North Holland and the Texel. It is the principal
passage both for merchantmen and ships of war.
Murseillan, t. France, in Herault, 4 m. N. E.
Agde. Pop. 3,200.
Marseilles, a large and commercial city in the
S. of France, cap. of the Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
on the Mediterranean. The city, with its envi-
rons, is inclosed by rocky hills. It is divided
into the Old and New Town. The New Town,
containing nearly two-thii'ds of the whole, is equal
in beauty to any town of France. Its streets are
broad and straight, its squares spacious and hand-
some, its buildings remarkable for their elegance.
The port extends hito the heart of the town, is
completely sheltered from all winds, and remains
perfectly tranquil in the most violent storms. It
owes this security chiefly to the narrowness of the
entrance, which does not exceed 100 yards, being
confined by two projecting rocks, one on each
side. On these are situated two forts for the de-
fence of the harbour. The harbour is capable of
containing nearly 1,000 merchant vessels ; but it is
not of sufficient depth to float ships of war.
From its advantageous position, and the securi-
ty of its harbour, Marseilles has long enjoyed a
large share of the foreign trade of France. It is,
on account of its lazaretto, the exclusive medium
of intercourse between France, the Levant, and
the N. coast of Africa. To these countries alone
it exports annually, to the value of a million ster-
ling, in light woollens, silk, and colonial produce.
It is a central point for the trade with Spain and
Italy. It has also extensive transactions with
Holland, England, the Baltic, North America, and
the \V. Indies. The most important manufactures
are soap ; of these there are 75 separate establish-
ments, which consume annually from 1,200 to
1,500 tons of olive oil. 180 m. S. by E. Lyons,
300 E. N. E. Bourdeaux, 450 S. S. E. Paris. Lon.
5° 22' E. Lat. 43° 17' N. Pop. 11 0,000.
Marshall's mills, p-v. Huntinjrdon co. Pa.
Marshallsville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Mcrshallfon, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
4^
MAR
MAR
Marskfield, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 1 1 m. from
Bristol, 103 W. London. Lon. 2" 17' W. Lat. 51"
28' N. Pop. 1,415.
Murshjield, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 12 m. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 513.
Marshjield, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. on the sea
coast, 15 m. N. Plymouth. Pop. 1,364.
Marsh island, isl. Maine, at the Great falls in
Penobscot rivei", 4 m. above Bangor.
Marshpee, t. Barnstable co. Mass. on the sea
coa^t, 13 m. S. W. Barnstable. Pop. 139.
Marshy hope, r. Md. the N. W. branch of the
Nanticoke.
Marsico JVuoiv, t. Naples, in Principato Citra.
23 m. N. by W. Pohcastro. It is the see of a bishop.
Pop. 6,800.
Marsico Vecchio, or Vetere, t. Naples, in Basili-
cata, 14 m. S. Potenza. Pop. 2,650.
Marsillac, t. France, in Gironde, 9 m. N. Bour-
deaux. Fop. 1,800.
Marsotns Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main.
Lon. 82" 58' W. Lat. 12"5'N.
Marstal, t. Denmark, in the island of Arroe, 10
m. S. S. VV. Rudkiobing. Pop. 800.
Marston, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Meganticlc lake.
. Marslrand, t. Sweden, at the entrance of the
Cattegat, 23 m. N. N. W. Gottenburg. Lon. IT
36' E. Lat. 57" 53' N. Pop. 1,200.
Martaban, a province of the Birman empire,
between 15" and 17° N. lat. and between 97° and
99° E. lon. Its principal produce is pepper, car-
damums, rice, salt, and fish. Being situated be-
tween Pegue and Siam, it has frequently changed
masters ; but in 1745 it was conquered, together
with Pegue, by the Birmans. Martaban, the cap-
ital, is a seaport, in lou. 97" 30' E. lat. 16" 30' N.
Martel, t. Fx-ance, in Lot, 19 m. N. E. Gourdon.
Pop. 2,800.
Martello, Cape, the S. point of the island of Neg-
ropout, in Greece. Lon. 24° 39' E. Lat. 38° N.
Martha Brae Harbour, t. on the N. coast of Ja-
maica, 7 leagues W. Montego point. Lon. 77" 32'
W. Lat 18"31'N.
Martha'' s river, r. Missouri Territory, whic:h
runs into the Missouri 60 m. above the mouth of
the Yellowstone.
Martha^ sville, v. Missouri, on the river jMissou-
ri, 40 m. W.St. Charles.
Martha\i Vineyard, isl. Mass. forming part ol'
Dukes CO. It lies a little W. of Nantucket, be-
tween 40° 17' and 41° 29' N. lat. and between 70°
22' and 70" 50' W. lon. It is 21 miles long, and on
an average, 6 broad, and contains about 3,000 in-
habitants. Cattle and sheep are raised here in
great numbers, and grain in sufficient quantity for
Ihc supply of the inhabitants. The chief town is
F-dgartown. On the N. side is Holmes' hole,
which is a famous place of resort for vessels bound
to Boston, or the eastward. Fifty or sixty vessels
are frequently seen here waiting for a fair wind.
Marthalen, t. Switz. in Zurich, 5 m. S. Schaff-
hausen. Pop. 1,600.
Martham, parish, Eng. in Norfolk, 6 m. N. W.
by N. from Caister. Pop. 679,
Marti, or Marty, t. France, in Pas de Calais.
Fop. 2,000.
Martick, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,623.
Martigny, in Switzerland. See Martinach.
Martigues, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-
R hone, on the lake of Martigues . It was formerly
A place of considerable strength. 22 m, N, W.
Marseilles, 24 S. W. Aix. Lon. 4° 59' E. Lat.43»
23' N. Pop. 6,800.
Martin, or Isle Martin, v. Scotland, in Rosa-
shire, on the W. coast, 5 m. N. Ullapool.
Martin, co. N. C. inclosed by the counties of
Tyrrel, Halifax, Bertie, and Pitt. Pop. 5,987.
Slaves, 2,357. Chief town, Williamston.
Martin, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Va-
lencia. Lon. 0° 3' E. Lat. 38" 47' N.
Martin, Point, the N. W. point of ComtroUer's
bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 215" 36'
E.Lat. 60"13i'N.
Martin''s, Sir Henry''s, Islands. See Hergest''B
Islands.
Martin de Courtesolles, t. France, in Marne, 6
m. E. N. Chalons sur Marne. Pop. 2,200.
Martin de Londres, t. France, in Herault, 12
m. N. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,300.
Martin, Vas, Islands of, 3 small islands in the
Atlantic ocean. Lon. 25" -43' W. LaU 20" 31' S.
Martina, t. Naples, in the Terra di Otranto, 13
m. W. N. W. Otranto.
Martinach, or Martigny, t. Swiss canton of the
Valais, at the confluence of the Rhone and the
Drance, 11m. W. Sion.
Martinengo, t. Austrian Italy, 25 m. N. E. by
E. Milan. Pop. 3,000.
Martinet, Cape, promontory on the S. E. coast
of Ivica. Lon. 1" 28' E. Lat. 38" 54' N.
Martinico, isl. in the W. Indies, and one of the
largest of the Caribbees, being 50 miles from N. W.
to S. E. and 140 in circumference. It is very un-
even, and intersected in all parts by hillocks.
Three mountains rise above these smaller emi-
nences. The highe.st bears the marks of a volca-
no. The principal productions are sugar, coffee,
cassia, cotton, indigo, cocoa, ginger, &;c. It has
numerous bays and harbours, which afford a cer-
tain shelter from the hurricanes which infest these
latitudes. In 1769, 1788, and 1810, the export?
were as follow :
Imports. Exports.
1769, £588,412, £536,631
1788, 1,195,111, 1,201,875
1810, 635,664, 791,773
In 1794, the island was taken by the British,
and restored to France ixi 1802. It was again ta-
ken in 1809, and restored in 1815. Pop. in 1700,
21,640; in 1732, 80,000; and in 1810, according
to a return made to the British house of commons,
96,413, of whom 78,577 were slaves, 8,630 free
persons of color, and 9,206 whites. The principal
towns are Port Royal, the capital, and St. Pierre.
Lon. of the Portde France, 61° 5' 45" W. Lat. 14'
35' 49" N.
Martinico, Little, one of the Grenadine islands,
in the West Indies. Lon. 61° 18' W, Lat. 13°38'N..
Marlinsborojigh, now Jonesville, p-t. Surry co.
N. C. on the S. side of Tar river, 20 m. abort
AVashington.
Murtinsburg, p~t. and cap. Lewis co. N. Y. 4S
m. N. Utica, 34 S. Brownviile. Pop. 889.
Martinsburg, p-t. Berkley co. Va. 8 m. S. of the
Potomac, 25 fr. Bath, 24 N. E. Winchester, 80 N.
W. Washington. It contains a court-house and
jail, 2 churches, and about 80 dwelling houses.
Martinsburg, p-t. Hopkins co. Ken.
Martin'' s creek, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Martinsville, p-t. Henry co. Va. 40 m. W. Pitt-
sylvania, 166 S. W. Petersburg.
Martinsville, p-t. and cap. Guilford co. N. C. oa
llie E. side of Buffalo creek, a branch of Haw river.
MAR
MAR
443
4?5 m. N. W. Hillsborough, 27 E. Salem. Lou. 79"
43' W. Lat. 36° 5' N. In the neighborhood of this
town a battle was fought 15th March, 1781, be-
tween the Americans and the British.
Martinsville, Louisiana. See St. Martinsville.
Marlizay, t. France, in Indre, 14 m. N. Le
Blanc. Pop. 1,700.
Martock, t. Eng. in Somerset, 4i m. W. S. W.
Ilchester. Pop. 2,356.
Marion, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4i m. S. W, Nor-
wich.
Marlon, <.Eu«-. in Lancashire, 2 m. S. E. Black-
pool. Po).. 1,093.
Marlon, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the Trent,
5 m. S. by E. Gainsborough.
Marlon, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 3 m. fr. Ap-
pleby.
Marlorano, L Naples, in Calabria Citra. It is
the see of a bishop. 20 m. N. W. Squillace.
Martorell, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the junc-
tion of the Noya with tlie Llobregat, 9 m. N. W.
Barcelona.
Marlory, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the
Garonne, 10 m. N. by E. St. Gaudens- Pop.
1,000.
Marios, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 m. W. Jaen.
Pop. 6,000.
Marly r^s Reef and Rocks, between the gulf of
Mexico and the N. side of the Florida stream. Lon.
81" W. Lat. 24" 5' N.
Marua. See Maurua.
Maru Shah Jehan. See Mcru.
Marvao, t. Portugal, 6 m, S. E. Valencia de Al-
cantara, in Spain. Pop. 1,300.
Marvejoh, t. France, in Lozere, 36 m. E. N. E.
Rodez. Pop. 3,700.
Marvella, or Marbella, s-p. Spain, in Granada,
S4 m. W. S. W. Granada, 34 N. N. E. Gibral-
tar. Pop. 8,000.
Marville, t. France, in Meuse, 7 m. S. E, Mont-
medy, 24 N. N. E. Verdun. Pop. 1,000.
Marwar. See Judpore.
Marwitk Head, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast
oftheislandofPomona.Lon.3"10'W.Lat.5r58'N.
Mary ann forge, p-v. Somerset co. Pa.
Maryborough, t. Ireland, in Queen's county,
near tlie Barrow, 48 m. N. VVaterford, 43 S. W.
Dublin. Lon. T 2' VV. Lat. 53" N.
Maryburgh, v. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, near
Fort William, on the S. side of Locheil.
Maryland, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 16 m. S. Coop-
erstown. Pop. 1,106.
Maryland, one of the United States, bounded
N. by Pennsylvania; E. by Delaware and the
Atlantic ; S. and W. by Virginia. It lies be-
tween lon. 75" 10' and 79" 20' W. lat. 38° and
39° 44' N. and contains 13,959 square miles, or
8,933,760 acres, of which one fifth is water. —
Chesapeake bay runs through the State from N.
to S. dividing it into two parts. The part east of
the bay is called the eastern shore, and the part
■west of the bay, the western shore. The State is
divided into 19 counties, 11 of which are on the
western shore, and 8 on the eastern. Pop. in
1790,319,728; in 1800,349,692; in 1810,380,546;
in 1820, 407,300, of whom 260,264 were whites,
107,288 slaves, and 39,748 free blacks.
In the counties on the eastern shore of the Ches-
apeake, the land is generally level and low, and
in many places is covered with stagnant waters,
giving rise in the summer and fall months, to agues
and intermittent fevers. On the western shore,
i-he land below the lowest falls of the river, is
principally level, and free from stones. Abov6
these falls the country becomes successively une-
ven and hilly, and in the western part of the State
is mountainous. The principal range of moun-
tains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which
pass through the State in a northerly direction
from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme
western part of the State is crossed by the Alle-
ghany mountains. Between these and the Blue
Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will's moun-
tain, Evit's Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and
Sideling hill. — The soil is well adapted to the cul-
ture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple
productions of the State. Some cotton of infeiior
quality is also raised, and in the western counties,
considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two
articles are said to be peculiar to Maryland; the
genuine while wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen
Aim's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore ;
and the bright kite's foot tobacco, which is produ-
ced on some parts of the western shore, south of
Baltimore. The forests abound with various kinds
of nuts, used for fattening hogs, which run wild ia
the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers
for exportation. Apples and peaches are abun-
dant, and are raised for distillation.
Excellent roads jjroceed from Baltimore in va-
rious directions. 'There is a turnpike from Balti-
more to Cumberland on the Potomac, a distance
of 135 miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville
on the Monongahela in Pennsylvania, there is now
completed by the U. S. a free turnpike road, of
the most superior construction. The distance ia
72 miles, making the whole distance from Balti-
more to Brownsville 207 miles. This is the short-
est and best communication yet opened between '
the tide water of the Atlantic and the navigable
western waters. — A turnpike extends from Balti-
more in a N. W. direction 16 miles, to Reister
town, and there divides ; one branch turning mora
to the N. meets the Penns)'h^nia line in 19 miles ;
the other in a W. N. W. direction, runs 29 miles
in Maryland. — A company was incorporated ma-
ny years since by the States of Delaware and Ma-
ryland, for opening a communication between
Delaware bay and the Chesapeake, by means of
a canal from Elk river to Christiana creek.
When completed it will be 22 miles long, and is
intended for vessels of 70 tons. The expense is
estimated at $850,000.
Maryland was originally settled by Roman
Catholics, and they are (he most numerous de-
nomination of Christians. The otlier denomina-
tions are Episcopalians, who had in 1811, 30
churches, and 35 clergymen. Baptists, Friends,
Presbyterians, <fcc. — There are several very res-
pectable literary institutions in Baltimore, and
academies in various places. The legislature is
styled the general assembly, and is composed of a
senate, consisting of 15 members, chosen for five
years by electors, and a house of delegate.--, con-
sisting of 4 from each county, and 2 trom each of
the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore, chosen an-
nually. The governor and an executive council
of 5 persons, are chosen annually by a joint ballot
of both houses.
Iron ore abounds in various parts of the State,
and coal is found in inexhaustible quantities, and
of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the neigh-
borhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been
erected in various places for the manufacture of
iron and iron ware. Glass, paper, and whiskey
are also made in considerable quantities. Thft
444
MAS
value of manufactures in 1810, was $11,468,
794. The principal exports are flour and tobacco.
The value of tlie exports for the year endmg: Sept.
30th 1820, was 16,609,364, of which $1,927,766
was foreign produce, ivlaryland is the tliird state
in the Union in amount of shipping. In 1815, the
number of tons was 156,062.
Maryland point, peninsula, Md. formed by a
bend in Potomac river, 12 m. W, Port Tobacco.
Maryport, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. at the
mouth of the Ellen. The trade consists chiefly in
the importation of timber from North America,
and the exportation of coals to Ireland. 7 m. N.
W. Cockermouth, 307 N. W. London. Lon. 3"
29' W. Lat. 54" 43' N. Pop. 3,000.
Marysburg, t. Prince Edward co. Up. Canada,
on the bay of Quinti.
Mari/'s river, r. Missouri, which runs into the S.
side of the Osage river.
MarysviUe, t. and cap. Charlotte co. Va.
Marysville, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Marysville, p-t. and cap. Blount co. East Ten-
nessee, 15 m. S. Knoxville. Here is a bank.
Marysville, p-t. Harrison co. Ken.
Marza, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, on the sea
coast, 10 m. S. by W. Noto.
Marza Siisa, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 6 m. N. Cu-
ren.
Masaffran, r. Algiers, which falls into the Med-
iterranean, in lon. 3' 13' E. lat. 36" 40' N.
Masafutro, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 12 miles
in circumference. Lon. 80" 46' W. Lat. 33° 45' S.
Masagran, s-p. Tlemsan, in Algiers, 20 m. N. E.
Arzew.
Masbate, one ofthe Philippine islands, S. of Lu-
con. Lon. 123° 20' E. Lat. 12" 18' N.
Mascali, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 15 m.
N. by E. Catania. Pop. 4,000.
Mascar,\. Algiers, 40 m. E. S. E. Oran.
Muscat, the most considerable seaport on the E.
coast of Arabia. All the ports from Rosalgate to
the entrance of the gulf^ are tributary to it. The
trade is extensive with the British settlements in
India, the Malay peninsula, the Red sea, and the
E. coast of Africa. The government ofthe Imaum
is the most civilized and orderly of any either in
Persia or Arabia. Britain lavours the flag of Mas-
cat, recognizing it as neutral ; and in war it often
becomes the channel of communication with the
enemy's ports. In short, Mascat is resorted to as
a sort of magazine, for goods, by vessels from every
port in Persia and Arabia. English vessels sailing
between India and Bassorah, usually stop here.
It carries on also a very lai^e trade by caravans,
with the A rabs of the interior. The town is walled
round, and strongly fortified. Lon. 59" 16' E. Lat.
33"88'N.
Mascomy, r. N. H. which rises in Smart's pond,
between Dorchester and Lyme, and flows S. into
Mascomy pond. It then discharges the waters of
the pond into Connecticut river.
Mascontin, r. Illinois, which empties into the
Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison.
Mascov/:}ie, r. Lower Canada, which falls into
the river St. John about 12 miles before the latter
joins the St. Lawrence.
Mascoury, Point, de, cape on the N. coast of St.
Domingo. Lon. 71° 10' W. Lat. 19° 45' N.
Mas d'Aire, Le, v. France, in Landes, near
Aire.
Mas d'Azil, t. France, in Arriege, 25 m. W.
Mircpoix. Pop. 2,500.
Maseyck, or Maaseyk, t. Netherlands, in Lim-
MAS
burg, on the Maese, 9 m. S. S. W. Ruremonde.
Pop. 3,400.
Masham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 20m. from York.
Lon. r 39' W. Lat. 54" 13' N. Pop. 1,014.
Mash'pee. See Marshpee.
Maside, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 130°
35' E. Lat. 7" 25' S.
Masina, kingdom, Central Africa, on the N.
bank of the Niger. It pays tribute to the king of
Bambarra.
Maskeline, Point, cape on the N. W. coaat of
America. Lat. 54° 4' N.
Maskelyne's Islands, small islands in the Pacific,
ofi" Mallicollo island. Lon. 1 67° 59' E. Lat. 1 6° 32' S.
Maskitionge, r. Lower Canada, which falls int»
the St. Lawrence at its entrance into Lake St. Pe-
ter.
Maskinonge, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on Lake St. Peters, 24 m. W. Three-Riv-
ers.
Mason, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 34 m. S. Con-
cord. Pop. 1,077.
Mason, CO. Va. Pop. 1,991. Slaves, 249. Chief
town, Point Pleasant.
Mason, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 12,469.
Slaves, 2,423. Chieftown, Maysville.
Mason, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Mason hall, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Masonsville, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. 24 m. W.
Delhi, 8 E. Bainbridge.
Masovia, a palatinate of the interior of Poland,
bounded N. and E. by the Vistula, S. by the pala-
tinates of Sendomir and Kalisch, and W. by Prus-
sian Poland. Area, 4,630 square miles. Fop.
318,000. Warsaw is the capital.
Masow, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 9 m. N. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,200.
Masques. See Chilquts.
Massa, t Itgily, cap. ofthe duchy of Massacaran,
on the Frigido, 2 m. from the Mediterranean, 30 N.
by W. Leghorn, 50 S. by W. Modena. Pop.
10,000.
Massa, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 40 m. S. E. Leg-
horn.
Massabesick pond, N. H. chiefly in the township
of Chester. It is about 3 miles long, and contains
1,512 acres.
Massac, Fort, an old French fort on the W. bank
of the Ohio, just below the mouth ofthe Tennes-
see. Lat. 37° 15' N.
Massa-Carrara, duchy in the central part of Ita-
ly, on the S. side of the Appennines, and inclosed
by Modena, Tuscany, Lucca, and the Mediterra-
nean. It is composed ofthe principalities of Mas-
sa and Carrara, and the lordship of Carfagnara.
Extent, 320 square miles. Pop. 38,000. Its moun-
tains, from the base to the summit, are composed
almost entirely of beautiful marble. See Modena.
Masmcchio, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state,
20 rn. AV by S. Ancona.
Massachusetts, one of the U. States, bounded N.
by Vermont and New-Hampshire ; E. by the At-
lantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and
W. by New- York. It lies between 41° 23' and 43*
52' N. lat. and between 69° 50' and 73° 10' W. lon.
It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000
acres. It is divided into 14 counties, and 290
towns. Pop. in 1790, 378,787; in 1800, 422,845;
in 1810, 472,040 ; andin 1820, 521,72.5. It has on
an average 72 persons to each square mile, and is
the most thickly settled state in the Union. Many
thousand persons emigrate every year to othcir
States.
MAS
MAT
445
There are several ranges of mountains which
eome from Vermont and New-Hampshire, and
run across the western part of the State into
Connecticut. To the east of these mountains
the country is hilly, except in the southern
counties, where it is level and sandy. On the sea
coast the land is generally poor, particularly in
the S. E. The rest of the State has generally a
strong, good soil, well adapted to grazing and grain.
The vallics of the Connecticut and the Housaton-
nuc, especially, have a fine soil, and embrace many
flourishing and pleasant towns. In no State in the
Union have greater advances been made in agri-
culture, than in Massachusetts. The principal
productions are grass, Indian corn, rye, wheat,
oats, and potatoes. Apples are abundant, and
large quantities of cider are made annually. Beef,
pork, butter and cheese, are also abundant and of
excellent quality. Among the minerals are iron
ore, which is found in large quantities in Bristol
and Plymouth counties ; and marble, quarries of
which have been opened in Stockbridge, and other
towns of Berkshire county. At Chelmsford and
Tyngsborough, near the banks of the Middlesex
canal, great quantities of beautiful granite are
found, which is much used for building in Bos-
ton.
The citizens of Massachusetts are highly distin-
guished for the liberality with which they support
literary and benevolent institutions. The princi-
pal literary institutions are Harvard University
at Cambridge, the Theological Seminary in Ando-
ver, Williams' college in Williamstown, and Phil-
lips' Academy, in Andover. There are nu-
merous other academies, and common schools are
universally established. The Congregationalists
are much more numerous than any other religious
denomination. In 1817, they had 366 congrega-
tions ; the Baptists, 91 ; Friends, 32 ; Episcopa-
lians, 14 ; Presbyterians, 8 ; there are also a few
Methodists, and Roman Catholics.
Massachusetts is the third state in the Union in
amount of manufactures. The value in 1810, was
$21,895,528. The principal articles were cotton
goods, articles of leather, ardent spirits, coVdnge,
wrought and cast iron, nails, woollen goods, ships,
straw bonnets, and hats. In amount of shipping,
Massachusetts is the first State in the Union. In
1815, before Maine was separated, the number of
ton's was 452,273, which was about one third of
the whole shipping of the United States. No State
is so extensively engaged in the fisheries. In ma-
ny, ^^oulous towns on the sea-coast, a lai^e pro-
portion of the inhabitants derive their subsistence
ent'.-'^ly from this employment. The principal
exports are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spir-
its, whale oil, and various manufactures. The
value of the exports for the year end ing Sept. 3nth,
1820, was $11,008,922, of which $7,147,487 was
foreign produce.
Massarhitsetls Bay, a large bay on the coast of
the U. States, between Cape Ann on the north, and
Cape Cod on the south.
Massacre island, small isl. in the jrulf of Mexico,
on the coast of Alabama, 2 m. E. Horn island, 10
from the main land.
Masso de Lombardi, t. Ralv, in the Ecclesiasti-
cal statf>, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara.
Massa Fiscaglia, t.' Italy, in the Ecclesiastical
State, l*^ m. E. Ferrara.
X'Ois.fra. t. Naples, in Terra di OTranto, 9 m.
N. W. Tarento. Pop. 7,000,
MassafuerOj isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 279° 26' E.
Lat. 33° 49' S.
Massagong, small island iu the Eastern seas.
Lon. 100" 5' E. Lat. 3° 8' S.
Massa Licbrense, or Massa di Sorento, t. Naples,
on the coast. 13 m. S. by E. Naples. Pop. 2,700.
It is the see of a bishop.
Massapa, t. Mocaranga, in Africa, 230 m. W. N.
W. Sofala.
Massasinway, r. Indiana, which unites with
Little River at Fort Tecumseh to form the Wa-
bash
Massbach, t. Bavaria, 9 m. N. Schweinfurt. Pop.
1,100.
Massena, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv-
er St. Lawrence. Pop. 600.
Masserano, t. Piedmont, 40 m. N. N. E. Turin.
Pop. 3,600.
Masseube, t. France, in Gers, 10 m. S. E. Mi-
rande. Pop. 1,400.
Massiac, t. France, in Catal, 16 m. N. by E. St.
Flour. Pop. 1,600.
Mnssie's creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Little
Miami in Green county.
Mnssilargues, t. France, in Herault, 16 m. E. N.
E. Montpelier. Pop. 3,000.
Massingales, p-v. Sullivan co. Ten.
Massingano, or Massagano, t. Africa, in Angola,
100 m. E. S. E. Loanda. Lon. 14° 40' E. Lat. 9°
54' S.
Mastassin, Lake, lake of N. America, at the
head of Rupert's river, which falls into James*
bay. It is about 200 miles in circumference.
Mastre, t. France, in Ardeche, 12 m. S. W.
Tournon. Pop. 1,500.
Masvaux, or Mauennuster, t. France, in Uppetr
Rhine, 10m. N. E. Belfort. Pop. 2,200.
Masuah, the principal seaport of Abyssinia, sit-
uated upon an island, separated from the continent
by a narrow channel. It is subject to the Turks.
Its intercourse is chiefly with Mocha and Jidda,
and the imports consist chiefly of spices, piece
goods, lead, iron, copper, tin, cotton, and Europe-
an manufactures. The exports are rhinoceros'
horns, gold, ivory, honey, slaves, and wax. The
governor demands 10 per cent, ad valorem, on all
imports and exports. Lon. 39° 37' E. Lat. 15*
34' N.
Masulipatam, s-p. Hind, in the northern circars,
celebrated for the fineness and brilliant colour oi
its cotton cloths, called chintz. It carries on con-
siderable traffic with China, Pegue, Bengal, Per-
sia, and Arabia. Its harbour will admit vessels of
300 tons, and is the only good port on the coast of
Coromandel. It was taken by the British in 1759,
and is now the residence of the judge, collector,
&c. of the district. Lon. 81" 10' E. Lat. 16"
10' N.
Masivey, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 40' E. Lat.
27° 4' N.
Mata, La, s-p, Spain, in Valencia, 22 m. S. S. W.
Alicant.
Mata, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea, in lat. 19° 30' S.
Mataboon, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120° ll'E. Lat. 5°2'N.
Mataca, or Malanra, bay on the N. coast of Cu-
ba, 36 m. from the Havannah.
Matagoda, small isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat.
31° S.
Matagorda, a fort on the bay of St. Joseph, in
the province of Texa", built by La Salle, wh*
446
MAT
M A U
landed here in 1685. This place was the resort
of pirates in 1817. Lon. 97° 50' W. Lat. 29° N.
Matajes, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean
in lat. 1° 22' N.
Matala, CapCy cape on the S. coast of Candia, in
the Mediterranean. Lon. 24" 54' E. Lat. 34°
48' N.
Matamba, country of S. W. Africa, in the inte-
rior, behind Congo and Angola.
Matanca, or Manances, a short and broad river of
Florida, which falls into the ocean S. of St. Augus-
tine.
Mafaiichet, t. Mejfico, on the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 105° 24' W. Lat. 20" 45' N.
Matan&, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the
S. side of the St. Lawifence, near its mouth,
Malanzas, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. from
Havaunah. Lon. 81° 30' W. Lat 23° 3' N. It has
a large and safe harbour.
Matapan, Cape, or Caglia, (an. Tamarium
Promontorium.,) the S. point of the Morea, in
Greece, and of the main land of Europe. Lon.
22° 20' E. Lat. 36° 34' N.
Maiapediach, Lake, Lower Canada, the source
of Ristigouche river.
Malaria, v. Egypt, a little S. of the ruins of the
ancient On, or Heliopolis. On the 20th March,
1800, a bloody battle was fought here between the
French and the Turks. 5 m. N. E. Cairo.
jyiataro, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 20 m. E. N. E.
Barcelona. The manufactures are calico, laces,
silk and cotton stockings, silk stuflfs and velvets,
ribbons and silk twist ; also canvas and leather.
Bay salt is collected along the shore ; and the
neighbourhood affords wine and brandy for ex-
port. Pop. in 1770, 10,000 ; now 25,000. Lon.
2°28'E. Lat. 41°32'N.
Mataiai Bay, bay of Otaheite . Lon. 149° 36'
W. Lat. 17° 29' S.
Mataiai, Point, cape on the island of Otaheite.
Lon. 210° 22' E. Lat. 17" 29' S.
Matas, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Patagonia.
Lat. 45° S.
Matched<uh, or Severn River, r. Upper Canada,
which runs into the Matchedash bay, at the E. end
of Lake Huron.
Matelica, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 30
m. S. W. Ancona. Pop. 6,000.
Matembo, small isl, one of the Querimbas,^ near
the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 12" S.
Matera, t. Naples, capital of Basilicata. It is the
see of a bishop, and has a cathedral and 6 convents.
Pop. 12,400. 35 m. W. N. W. Tarentum. Lon.
16° 35' E. Lat. 40° 51' N.
Materborn, t. Prussian states, in Cleves and
Berg, near Cleves. Pop. 1,500.
Matheo, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of the
island of Scio. Lon. 25° 58' E. Lat. 38" 13' N.
Matherstown, t. Ashtabula co, Ohio.
Mathieu, t. P" ranee, in Upper Vienne, 12 m. W.
S. W. Junier. Pop. 2,000.
Mathura, Cpronounced M-uflra,) t. Hind, in Ag-
ra, much venerated by the Hindoos as the birth-
place of their favourite deity, Krishen. It is on
the W. bank of the Jumna, and is one continued
street of temples, and stone stairs descending to the
riverside, for the convenience of the innumerable
pilgrims who come from all parts of India to pay
their devotions at the shrine of the deity, and
bathe in its waters, f I was taken without opposi-
tion in 1803, by tlie British, and, with the greater
part of the province, remains in their possession.
Lon. 80° 40' E. Lat. 27° 32' Nw
Matia, isl. ni the Pacific ocean. Lon. 147' 68'
W, Lat. 15"48'S.
Matilda, t. Dundas co. Up. Canada, on the St.
Lawrence.
Matilda, v. Fairfax co. Va. on the Potomac, near
the Great fall.
Matin, r. Canada, which runs into tlie St.
Lawrence, 150 m. below Quebec.
Matina, r, S. America, which divides Veragua
from Costa Rica, and runs into the Atlantic.
Matinicus, islands on the coast of Maine, S. of
the entrance into Penobscot bay. Lon. 68° 20'
W. Lat. 43° 56' N.
Matlock, V. Eng. in Derbyshire, on the Derwent.,
chiefly celebrated for its hot springs. 7 m. N.
Derbv, 144 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 34' W. Lat.
53" 7' N. Pop. 2,500.
Mato Grosso, a very extensive province or cap-
itania, in the western part of Brazil. It is inter-
sected by the main ridge of the Brazilian Andes,
which separates the rivers that run S. to the Plata,
from those that run in an opposite direction to the
Amazon.
Matoon Harbour, harbour on the S. E. coast of
Nova Scotia. Lon. 64° 45' W. Lat. 44" N.
Matour, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 19 m.
W, Macon. Pop. 1,250.
Matschewice, t. Poland, 32 m. E. Warsaw.
Matsmai, t. cap. of the island of Jesso, at the S.
extremity of the island. It is in possession of the
Japanese. Pop. 50,000.
Matsua. See Masuah.
Matialuck, r. Connecticut, which, at Waterbu-
ry takes the name of Naugatuck.
Mai tarn ushett, p-v. Hyde co. N. C.
Muiiapony, r. Va. which rises in Spotsylvania
CO. and running S, E. joins the Pamunky at Dela-
ware, to form' York river. It admits loaded flats
to Downer's bridge, 70 m. above its mouth.
Matthews, co. Va. on the W. side of Chesapeake
bay. Pop. 4,227. Slaves, 2,068. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Muttituck, p-v. Suffolk co. N. Y.
Matty's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 143" 21 '
E. Lat. 1° 46' S.
Matuaro, isl. near the N. E. coast of New Zeal-
and. Lon. 156° 28' E. Lat. 35° S.
Matura, t. and fortress near the S. extremity of
Ceylon, at the mouth of the Melipu, with a har-
bour for small vessels. The Wesleyan Methodists
have missionaries and schools here. In the vicin-
ity there is a celebrated temple of Boodh, 100 ra.
S. E. Colombo. Lon. 80° E. Lat. 5" 52' N.
Matwar, district. Hind, between 21° and 22° N.
lat.
Mava, r. W, Africa, which falls into the Atlantic
near Cape Monte.
Maubeuge, t. France, on the Sambre. It is
fortified, and well built ; and has a manufaj:;-
ture of arms which employs from 4 to 500 work-
men. 1.3 m. S, Mons. Pop. 4,800.
Maubourguet, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, on
the Adour, 16 m. N. Tabres. Pop. 1,300.
Mauchline, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 10 m. E.
Ayr. Pop. 1,(.)00.
Mavealnahar. See Bukharia.
Maufi/z Bunder, s-p. Hind, in Northern Circars.
Lon. 84° E. Lat. 18" 17' N.
Maug, or Tunas, or St. Lawrence, one of the
smaller of the Ladrone islands.
Maugerville, t. Sunburv co. New Brunswick, on
St. John's river, 30 m. ybovc Bellislo.
M A U
Maiiguio, t. France, in Herault, 6 m. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 1,600.
Maule, a province of Chili, extending from the
Andes to the ocean. Pop. 12,000. The capital
IS Talca, or St. Augustin, in lat. 34° 47' S.
Maule, r. Chili, which enters the Pacific ocean,
in lat. 34" 60' S.
Mauleon, t. France, 21 m. W. by S. Pau. Pop.
1,000.
Maumee, or Miami bay, bay at the W. end of
Lake Erie. It is about 12 miles wide, and sets up
12 or 15 miles in the Territory of Michigan. Its
entrance is 6 miles wide.
Maumee, or Miami of the Lake, r. Ohio, is form-
ed by the union of the St. Joseph's and the St. Ma-
ry's, at Fort Wayne, and after a N. E. course of
120 miles, enters Maumee bay, in Lake Erie. It
is navigable throughout its course, with the ex-
ception of the shoals extending 15 miles, and ter-
minating 3 miles from its mouth. Below the
shoals is a valuable fishery.
Mauperilus, v. France, in La Vienne, near Poi-
tiers.
Maura, or Mobidie, the smallest of the Society
Islands, about 14 or 15 miles in circuit.
Maure, t. France, in ille-and-Vila.ine, 25 m. S.
W. Rennes. Pop. 4,100.
Maurens, v, France, in Dordogne, 2 m. from
Bergeac. Pop. 1,300.
Maurepas, lake, Louisiana, which is connected
by the Ibberville with the river Mississippi, and
communicates by an outlet of 7 miles with Lake
Ponchartrain. It is 10 miles long and 7 broad,
and has 12 feet water.
Maurepas. See Isles de Madam.
Mauriac,t. France, in Cantal, on the Dordogne,
36 m. VV. N. W. St. Flour. Pop. 2,600.
Maurice, r. N. J. which runs into Delaware bay
in Cumberland county. It is navigable 20 miles
for vessels of 100 tons.
Maurice, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 2,085.
Maurienne, province of the Sardinian States,
in Savoy. Pop. 54,500. St. Jean de Maurienne
u the capital.
Mauripida, one of the Laccadive islands. Lon.
72" 21' E. Lat. lO^SS^N.
Mauritius, or Isle of France, isl. in the In-
dian sea, 150 miles in circumference, about 600 m.
E. of Madagascar. About the middle of the last
century it was fortified, and rendered the chief
naval station of the French in the Indian seas. It
preserved its importance even after Britain had
annihilated the French power on the continent of
India, and became then a grand privateering sta-
tion against the India shipping. It was calculated
at Calcutta that, in ten years, prizes to the value
of 2,500,000^. had been taken and carried into
Mauritius. In 1810, it was taken by the English,
and may now be considered as permanently attach-
ed to the British dominions. The orange, pine-
apple, and othertropical fruits, grow in the highest
perfection. It contains iron mines, the produce
of which finds a market in India. Mauritius pro-
duces little grain, or any other useful vegetable
except the {)otatoe. It depends for provisions al-
most entirely upon Bourbon. The exports consist
of coffee, a great part of which is produced in
Bourbon, to the average annual amount of
60,0000 lbs.; cotton,2,000 bales ; indigo 300,000 lbs.;
raw siigar,5,000,000 lbs.; cloves, 20,000 lbs. Pop. in
1790, estimated at 8,000 whites, and 12,000 blacks.
In 1807, according to an official statement, the
whole number was 70,000. I'he blacks have
MAY
447
been imported as slaves from Madagascar. The
London Society have a missionary here. Lon. 57"
16'E. Lat. 40"1'N.
Maurizio, Cape, cape of Italy, in the bay of Na-
ples, Lon. IS'* 37' E. Lat. 40" 1' N.
Mauron, t. France, in Morbihan, 4 m. N. Ploer-
mel. Pop. 4,200.
Maurs, t. France, in Cantal, 22 m. S. S. W. Ah-
rillac. Pop. 2,100.
Maurua, one of the smaller of the Society isl-
ands. Lon. 152° 35' W. Lat. 16° 26' S.
Maury, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop. 10,359. Slaves, 2,626. Chief town, Columbia.
Maussane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
11 m. S. E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,500.
Mauvaise terre, or Yellow banks, an elevated spot
in Illinois, on the E. side of Illinois river, 80 miles
by the stream from :ts mouth.
Mauves, t France, in Orne, 6 m. N. N. E. Bel-
lesme. Pop. 1,200.
Mauvesin, t. France, in Gers, 17 m. E. N. E.
Auch. Pop. 2,000.
Mauze, t. France, in Two Sevres, 14 m. S. W,
Niort. Fop. 1,600.
Mawdesley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. W. S. W.
Chorley. Pop. 744.
Mawri. See Mource.
Maxatany, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,630.
Maxen, v. Saxony, 10 m. S. Dresden.
May, isl. Scotland, in the mouth of the frith of
Forth.
May, Cape, on the coast of N. J. the N. cape at
the entrance of Delaware bay. Lon. 74° 56' W.
Lat. 39° N.
May, Le, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 5 m-.
N. ChoUet. Pop. 2,800.
May, Point, point of the peninsula between
Fortune and Placentia bays, on the S. side of New-
foundland.
Mayacari, r. Guiana, whicl/ runs into the At-
lantic, in lon. 51° 46' W. lat. 2° 11' N.
Mayaguana, one of the Bahama islands, 24 miles
long. Lon. 72° 15' to 72° 30' E. Lat. 22° 32' to 22"
44' N.
Mayahoon, or Loonzay, t. Birman empire, on the
W\ bank of the Irrawuddy river, 120 m. N. N.
W. Rangoon.
Mayamba. See Mayomba.
Maybole, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 18 m. S. Ayr.
Pop. 1,000.
Macaywini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At-
laiitic, in lon. 58° 26' W. lat. 6" 35' N.
Mayen, i. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine,
15 m. W. Coblentz. Pop. 2,200.
Mayenfeld, t. Switz. in the Grison colmtiy, on
the Rhine, 22 m. S. by E. Appenzel. Pop. 900.
Mayenne, department in the N. W. of PVance,
bounded by the departments of the Orne, Sartho,
Maine, and Loire. Extent, 2,000 sq. miles. Pop.
332,253. Laval is the capital.
Mayenne, t. France, in Mayenne, on the river
Mayenne, 165 m. W. by S. of Paris. Lon. 0° 37'
1"W. Lat. 48° 18' 4" N. Pop. 9,100.
Mayenne, r. France, which falls into the Loire
a little below Angers.
Mayet, t. France, in Sarthe, 15 m. S. Le Mans.
Pop. 3,200.
Mayet de Montagne, t. France, in AUier, 42 m.
S.E. Moulins. Pop. 1,500.
Mavjidd, t. Montsromery co. N. Y. 8 m. N. E,
Johnstown, 40 N. W": Albany. Pop. 2,065.
Mayhtw, one of the stations of the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
448
M A Z
among the Choctaws, established in 1820. It is
on the Ook-tib-be-ha creek, 12 m. above its junc-
tion with the Tombigbee. In March, 1821, ten
buildings for various purposes had been erected,
70 acres of excellent land inclosed, and prepara-
tions made for a school, to commence in autumn.
Lon. 88" 15' W. Lat. 33" 20' N.
Maj/nas. See Mainas.
Maynbcmheim, t. Bavaria, 14 m. E. S. E. Wurz-
feurg. Pop. 1,550.
Mayne, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Neagh, 1 m. S. Randalstovirn.
Maynesborough, t. Coos co. N. H. 14 m. E. Lan-
caster.
Miiynooth, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. 12 m. W.
by N. Dublin.
Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the province of
Connaught, bounded S. by Galway, W. by the
Atlantic ocean, N. by Sligo, and E. by Roscom-
mon. Extent, 1,270,144 acres, or 1,984 sq. miles.
Pop. estimated at 140,000, of whom not more than
1,750 are Protestants.
MayOf V. Ireland, in Mayo co. 9 m. S. E. Castle-
bar.
Mayo, one of the Cape de Verde Islands, off the
W. coast of Africa. The only valuable commodity
which it produces is salt. 30 m. S. Bonavista.
Lon. 23° 8' W. Lat. 15° 10' N.
Mayomba, s-p. Loango, in Africa. Lon. 10" 24'
E. Lat. 3° 45' S.
Mai/or, small isl. in the Pacific, near the coast
of iVew Zealand. Lon. 183" 31' E. Lat. 36° 57' S.
Mayor, Cape, promontory on tlie N. coast of
Spain. Lon. 3° 46' W. Lat. 43° 29' N.
Mayorga, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 67 m. N.
Lisbon.
Mayorga, called also Howe's islands, a cluster
of three or four islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
179° 52' E. Lat. 18°38'S.
Mayolta, one of the Comorra islands, near the
E. coast of Africa. Lon. 45° 14' E. Lat, 12'^ 52' S.
Maypo, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific, in
lat. 33° 26' N.
Maypurg, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lon. 51° 46' E. lat. 2° 10' N.
Mayres, t. France, in Lozere, 2 m. from Mazan.
Pop. 1,300.
May^s landing, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J.
May's lick, p-v. Mason co. Ken. 9 miles S. W.
Washington.
Maysville, p-t. and cap . of Mason co. Ken. on the
Ohio, 66 m. above Cincinnati, 63 N. E. Lexing-
ton, 74 fr. Chillicothe. It contains about 400
houses, a glass factory and a printing office. It is
the principal port of the N. E. part of the state, as
Louisville is of the S. W. The town stands on a
narrow strip of land, confined by hills, which rise
abruptly to the height of 450 feet.
Mayville, p-v. in Chatauque, and cap. of Cha-
tauque co. N. Y. on Chatauque lake, 70 m. S. W.
Buffalo.
Mayzi, the E. cape of Cuba, and the W. point
of the windward passage. Lon. 74° 15' 30" W.
Lat. 20° 19' 30" N.
Mazagan, s-p. Morocco. Lon. 8° 46' W. Lat.
32° 54' N.
Mazagong, t. Hind, on the island of Bombay,
principally inhabited by descendants from the
Portuguese.
Mazamet, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. S. E. Cas-
tres. Pop. 5,500,
Mazan, t. France, in Vaiichi?e, 16 m. N. E.
\vignon. Pop. 3,300.
M E A
Mazan, t. France, in Ardeche, 28 m. N. W,
Viviers. Pop. 1,100.
Mazanderan, a province of Persia, along the S.
shore of the Caspian sea, having Ghilan on tlie
W. Khorassan on the E. and Irak on the S.
Mazatlan, t. Mexico, in Sonora. Lon. 106° 46'
W. Lat. 23° 15' N.
Mazatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa-
cific ocean, in lat. 23° 15' N.
Maze, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 13 m. E.
Angers. Pop. 3,000.
Mazeira, isl. near theE. coast of Arabia, 60 miles
long, and 8 broad. Lon. 59° 40' E. Lat 20° 35' N.
Mazpres en Foix, t. France, in Arriege, 13 m.
N. N. W. Mirei.oix. Pop. 2,600.
Maziera. See Mazeira.
Mazieres, t. France, in Vienne, 6 m. from Con-
folens. Pop. 1,100.
Mazoires, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 2 m. from
Mercoeur. Pop. 1,400.
Mazorno, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 22 m. 3-
Venice. Pop. 1,200.
Mazounah, v, Algiers, in Tlemsan, on the SheU ,
lif, 30 m. S. Mustyganim.
Mazula, small isl. on the W. coast of Africa.
Lat 8° 5' S.
Maszara, t, Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 45 m.
S. W. Palermo. Lon. 12° 28' E. Lat. 37° 46' N.
Mazzara, Valdi, oneof the three provinces into
which Sicily is divided, comprising the W. of the
island. Extent, 4,700 sq. miles. Pop. 650,000.
The capital is Palermo.
Meachegong, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawud-
dy, 30 m. N. Prome.
Meaco, a great city of Niphon, in Japan, for-
merly the metropolis of the whole empire. It i»
still the ecclesiastical capital, and the residence of
the dairo, or spiritual sovereign. It is in a spa-
cious plain, inclosed by a circuit of high moun-
tains, and almost entii'ely formed into fine gar-
dens, interspersed with temples, monasteries,
mausoleums, and watered by numerous rivulets.
Pop. more than 500,000. Meaco is the centre of
all the literature and science of the empire. A
number of the finer manufactures, particularly
Japan-work, painting, carving, &c. are carried on
here in great perfection. Lon. 153° 30' E, Lat.
35° 24' N.
Mead, t, Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 850«,
Meadia, t. and fortress of Hungary, on the
Czerne, 12 m. N. Orsova, and 52 S. E. of Temes-
var. Lon. 21° 59' E. Lat. 45° 10' N. Pop. 1,400.
Meadville, p-t. and cap. Crawford co. Penn. on
the E. side of French creek, 25 m. N. W. Frank-
lin, 40 S. of Erie. Lon. 80° 5' W. Lat. 41° 36'
N. It contains a court-house, jail, arsenal, print-
ing office, Presbyterian church, and 150 dwelling-
houses. It is a thriving town, and turnpike roads
'.ire in progress which will connect it with Pitts-
burg, Philadelphia and Erie. Alleghany college
was founded here in 1815. A building was com-
menced in the summer of 1820, designed to ac-
commodate 100 students. The whole number of
students yet admitted is 27. The library is valued
at 6,000 dollars. The funds of the institution are
yet small, but have recently been increased by a
grant of 5,000 dollars from the Pennsylvania legis-
lature.
Meangis Isles, small islands in the Eastern seas,
about 5° N. lat. and 127° E. lon.
Meanna, t. Azerbijan, in Persia, 60 m. N. W.
Sultania,
iM E C
MeanreCf t. Hind, in Sinde, on the Indus. Lon.
68° 21' E. Lat. 24" 44' N.
Meansville, p-t. and cap. Bradford co. Pa. on the
E. branch of the Susquehannah, 60 m. N. W.
Wilkesbarre.
Meao, one of the small Molucca islands. Lon.
127'* 3- E. Lat. 1° V2' N.
Meari, or Mar i, r. Brazil, which flows into the
«ulf of the Amazons, in lon. 45" 30' W. Lat. 2° 40'
S. It is navigable for boats 160 leagues.
Mearns. See Kineardineihire.
Meath, a maritime co. Ireland, bounded N. by
Cavan, Monaghan and Louth; E. by the Irish
channel, S. by Kildare, and W. by West Meath.
Extent, 526,700 acres. It consists in general of rich
flat pasture land. It is proverbial for cattle, and
supplies not only Dublin, but England, and the
north of Ireland. Pop. in 1792, 112,400: the
Catholics are to Protestants as 40 to 1.
Meaux, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 32 m.
N. E. Paris. It is in a beautiful plain on the
Marne. Lon. 2° 52' E. Lat. 48" 57' N. Pop.
7,000.
Mecca, a large city of Arabia, cap. of Iledsjas,
and celebrated as the birth-place of Mahomet. It
is situated in a dry, barren, and rocky countr}",
about a day's journey inland from the Red sea-
Its immediate position is in a narrow valley, in-
closed between mountains. It is entirely su[)port-
ed by the concourse of pilgrims from every part of
the Mahometan world, extending on one side to
the frontier of China, and on the other to the states
on the Niger. This resort is now greatly dimin-
ished, partly in consequence of the decay of reli-
gious zeal, and the general decline of power and
wealth among the Mahometan states ; partly also
from Mecca being continually exposed to the rude
incursions of the Wahabees. The population is
not now more than 16,000 or 10,000. Tlie chief
ornament of Mecca is the famous tsmple, in the
interior of which is the Kaaba, or house of the
prophet. The grand ceremony through which the
pilgrims pass, is that of going seven times round
the Kaaba. Lon. 40° 15' E. Lat. 21" 18' 9" N.
Mecca, s-p. Morocco, on the Atlantic. Lon. 9'*
45' W. Lat. 29° 45' S.
Mechanic^, v. in Washington, Dutchess co. N.
Y. 15i m. N. Poughkeepsie. Here is a Quaker
boarding-school. 'Phe building is 3 stories high,
and accommodates 100 stiulents.
Meckanicksburg, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Mechanickshurt!, t. Champaign co. Ohio, 11m.
E. Urbanna, 30 N. W. Columbus.
Mechnnicksburg, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the
river Ohio, 23 m. S. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815.
115.
MechanicksviUe, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y.
Meckanicksville, p-v. Darlington district, S. C.
Mechanicktown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Mechden, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 7 m. N.
Maestricht. Pop. 1,000.
Mechlin, Mecheln, (in French Malines,) t. Neth-
erlands, on the Dyle. The manufactures consist
of very fine Brabant lace and linen, besides dam-
ask, silk and woollen stufis, leather and hats. At
high water, vessels of considerable draught reach
the town from the Scheldt. It is the see of an
archbishop. 13 m. S. by E. of Antwerp, and 13
N. bv E. Brussels. Lon. 4° 29' 59" E. Lat. 51" 1'
52" N. Pop. 20,000.
Mechoacan. See Valladolid,
Meckenheim, t. Prussian states, in Berg-and-
Cleves, 18 m. S. Cologne. Poo. 1,000.
57
MED
449
Mecklenburg, a grand duchy in the N. of Ger^
toany, bounded N. by the Baltic, E. by Pomera-
nia, S. by Brandenburg, and VV. by Lubeck and
Luneburg. Extent, 5,700 sqi miles. Pop. 430,000.
It abounds in lakes and forests, and has several
tracks of sandy soil ; but is on the whole tolerably
fertile. The religion, both of the government and
the majority of the people is the Lutheran. At
present the house of Mecklenburg is divided into
two lines, Schwerin and Strelitz. Both received
the title of grand duke at the Congress of Vienna
in 1815. Ivlecklenburg-Schwerin contains 4,900
sq. miles, and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 800. See
Germany.
Mecklenburg, v. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 2 m. from Wismar.
Mecklenburg, co. Va. bordering on N. Carolina.
Pop. 18,443. Slaves, 10,264. Chief town, Boyd-
toi). The court-house is 26 m. fr. Lunenburg.
Mecklenburg, co. N. C. bordering on S. Carolina.
Pop. 14,272. Slaves, 3,494. Chief town, Char-
lotte.
Meckley. See Cassay and Munnipore.
Meckmuhl, t. Wirtemburg, on the Jaxt, 36 m.
N. N. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,200.
Mecon, river of Asia. See Cambodia.
Mecran. See Mtkran.
Medea, t. Algiers, in Africa, 32 m. S. W. Al-
giers.
Media el, or Mahdia, s-p. Africa, 80 m. S. Tunis.
Medeba, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe
of Reuben. It afterwards belonged to the Mo-
abites.
Medcllin, (an. Mctellinitm,) t. Spain, in Estra-
madura, on the Guadiana, 19 m. E. Merida. Lon.
5" 47' W. Lat. 38" 43' N.
Medelpad, province of Sweden, between the
gulf of Bothnia and the province of Jamtland. It
is 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. Pop.
32,000.
Medmblik, t. Netherlands, in North Holland, on
the Znyder Zee, 28 m. N. bv E. Amsterdams
Lon. 4' 60' E. Lat. .52" 49' N. "Pop. 2,000.
Medjield, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 9 m. S. W. Ded-
ham, 20 S. W. Boston. Pop. 786.
Medford, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Mystic
river, 4 m. N. Boston. Pop. l,44i It contains
several distilleries, and brick-yards.
Media, in Sac. Geog. country of Asia, bounded
N. by the Caspian sea. Chief town, Eobatana.
This country now forms the N. W. part of Persia-j
called Azerbijan.
Mediasch, t. Transylvania, on the Cockel, 196
m. E. Belgrade.
Medicine, r. Missouri Territory, which runs
into the river Missouri, 12 m. above the Great
Falls.
Medina, a city of Arabia, celebrated as contain-
ing the tomb of Mahomet. Although this tomb is
held in high veneration, its visitation is not consid-
ered in any very high degree meritorious. It is per-
formed by few, unless the pilgrims from Syria, in
whose way it happens to lie. The tomb itself is
not superior to those which the founders of mosques
usually erect to perpetuate their own momor}-.
It is placed between two others, containing the
ashes of the first caliphs, Abiibeker and Omar,
The building which incloses it, is hung with silk,
which is renewed every seven years. It is guard-
ed by forty eunuchs. The mor-que founded hy the
prophet is said to be very magnificent, being sup-
ported by four hundred columns, and containing
three hundred lamps, always burning. Jambo. oi ^
4^0
M E £
the Red sea, serves as the port of Medina. 176
m. N.Mecca. Lon. SQ^SS' E. Lat.25"'N.
Medina, cap. of the kingdom of Woolly, in W.
Africa. Lou. 12" 50' W. Lat. 13° 38' N.
Medina, t. Africa, in Kasson. Lon. 9° 15' W.
Lat. 14M5' N.
Medina, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Africa. Lat. 19° 45' N.
Medina, co. in the N. part of Ohio. Chief town,
^Medina. At the court-house is a post-office.
Medina Cell, (an. Arcobriga) t. Spain, in Old
Castile, 84 m. S. W. Saragossa. Lon. 2° 15' W.
Lat. 41" 15' N. Pop. 1,200
Medina de Las Torres, t. Spain, in Estramadura,
20 m. W. N. W. Llerena. Pop. 2,000.
Medina del Campo, {Methymna Campestris,) t.
?pain, in Leon, 37 m. N. W. Segovia. Lon. 6° W.
!-.at. 41° 23' N. Pop. 6,000.
Medina del Rio Seco, i. Spain, in Leon, 25 m.
N\ W. \^anadolid. Lon. 4° 43' W. Lat. 42° 4' N,
Top. 8,000.
Medina Sidonia, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 22 m.
S. E. Cadiz. Lon. 5° 55' W. Lat. 36° 22' N. Pop.
S.GOO.
Mediterranean, the great sea which forms the
Si. boundary of Europe. Its length from E. to W.
is about 2,000 miles ; its general breadth is from
400 to 500. From the Black sea on the N. E. a
.'trong current sets regularly into the Mediteri'a-
nean. In the straits of Gibraltar the middle* cur-
rent flows into it from the Atlantic, while along
the northern and southern shores, two weaker
currents flow in a contrary direction. This sea
differ? greatly from the ocean in its tides, which
are feeble and irregular. Though its winds are
variable, its navigation is in general smooth and
easy.
Medling, or Modling, t. Austria, 8 m. S. Vienna.
Pop. 3,200.
Medmann, or Me.ttmann, t. Prussian states, in
Berg, 6 m. E. N. E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6° 43' E.
Lat. 51° 17' N. Pop. 4,000.
Mednci, or Cupper Isle, isl. in the Eastern ocean,
at the extremity of Asiatic Russia, 100 m. from
Bhering's island.
Medrosta, lake, Maine. Lon. 68° 22' W. Lat.
47° 66° N. It is the source of Spey river, a branch
of the St. Johns.
Medvezci, cape, on the N. coast of Nova Zem-
bla. Lon. GS 34' E. Lat. 77° 20' N,
Medway, r. Eng. which falls into the mouth of
the Thames, at Sheerness. It has been made nav-
igable to Tunbridge.
Medvay, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. W.
Dedham, 25 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,213.
Meduay, Geo. See Midway.
Medyn, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, 92 m. S. W.
:Sloscow. Lon. 37" 51' E. Lat. 55" N. Pop. 800.
Meegheoung-yay, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on
the Irrawuddy.* Lon. 94° 60' E. Lat. 19° 53' N.
Meelah, t. Algiers, 13 m. N. W. Constantina.
Meenas. See Jaj'gur.
Meenees, email isl. in the Sooloo archipelago.
Lon. 121" 35' E. Lat 6° 32' N,
Meerat, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 74° 14' E.
Lat. 26° 35' N.
Meercoot, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 67°
30' E. Lat. 33° 31' N.
Meerhoh, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 35 m.
S.W.Fulda. Pop. 1,000.
Mcerho7tf, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, 24 m. N.
E.Louvain. Pop. 2,800.
M E I
Metrjamo, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 74° 36' E,
Lat. 14" 27' N.
Meerka Serai, t. Bengal, in Chittagong. Lon
4° 14' E. Lat. 26" 35' N.
Meerseyi, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 3 m. N.E,
Maestricht. Pop. 1,100.
Mees, Les, t. France, in Lower Alps, 17 m. S.
W. Digne. Pop. 2,000.
Megantick, lake, Lower Canada, on tl\e borders-
of the United States. It is one of the lakes from
which the river Chaudiere rises. It is 9 miles
long, and 2 broad.
Megara, t. Greece, in Corinth, 18 m, W. Ath-
ens.
Megen, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, ou
the Maese, 15 m. N. E. Bois le Duo.
Megeve, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 20 m. S.
E. Bonneville. Pop. 3,100.
Meggat, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, which
falls into the Esk.
Megiddo, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, belonging
to the tribe of Manasseh.
Mego, or Pulo Mego, small isl. off the W. coast
of Sumatra. Lon. 101" 5' E. Lat. 4° S.
Mehaine, r. Netherlands, which falls into the
Mouse, above Huy.
Mehallet Kebeer, city. Lower Egypt, on a canai
between the E. and W. branches of the Nile. Lon-
31° 24' E. Lat. 30° 50' N.
Melierrin, r. which rises in Virginia, and run-
ning into N. Carolina, unites with the Nottaway,
7 m. below the line, to form the Chowan river.
Mehindry, r. Hind, in Gujerat, which falls into
the gulf of Cambay.
Mehlsack, t. East Prussia, 35 m. S.Elbing, 42 S.
W. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,200.
Meftringen, or Mohringen, t. Bavaria, 8 m. S. S.
E. Augsburg. Pop. 1,200.
Mehun, t. France, in Cher, 12 m. N. W. Bour-
ges. Pop. 1,300.
Mehxcas, district, Hind, in Gujerat, on the Pud-
dar river.
Meidling, t. Austria, 10 m. S. by W. Vienna.
Pop. 3,200.
Meidun, v. Eg}'pt, 32 m. S. Cairo.
Meie, r. Eng. v/hich falls into the Severn, aJ
Shrewsbury.
Meigle, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, 12 m. N. W
Dundee.
Mrigs, CO. Oliio, N. of Gallia co.
Meigs, t. Adams co. Ohio.
Meigs creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mus-
kingum, 20 ni. above Marietta.
Meigsville, t. Moi'gan co. Ohio.
Meilen, v. Switz. 3 m. S. E. Zurich. Pop. 2,206.
Meilhan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m.
W. N. W. Marmande. Pop. 2,400.
Meillonas, t. France, in Ain, 6 m. N. E. Bourg.
Pop. 1,400.
Meimac, or Meyniac, t. France, in Correze, 9
m. W. Ussel. Pop. 3,000.
Meinungen, a principality in the interior of
Germany, forming the territory of the duke ot
Saxe-Meinuiigen. Extent, 448 sq. miles. Pop,
54,400. Revenue, C5,000Z. It consists of two
districts, situatpd at some distance from each oth-
er. It is traversed by the river Werra, has ex-
tensive fore.sts, and mines of iron, coal, and cobalt.
Meinungen, t. Germany, on the Werra. It has
been, since 1081, the residence of the dukes of
Saxe-Meinungen, who have here a large and ele-
gant ca.stle. with a library, a cabinet of curiosi-
MEL
MEL
\ufs, and a depot of archives. 21 m. N. Scliwein-
iuvt. Pop. 4,200.
Meise7iheim, t. Germany, 34 m. N. Deux-Ponts,
30 W. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,800.
Meisseih, or Mis7iia, a circle of Saxony, extend-
ing along; both sides of the Elbe, from Bohemia on
tlie S. to Prussian Saxony on the N. Area, 1,600
sq. miles. Pop. 298,000. It contains the princi-
.pal manufactures of Saxony, ■whether in woollen,
linen, or cotton, and is one of the most populous,
Hnd best cultivated parts of the Idngdom.
Meissen, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, at the junction
of the IVIeissa. It is well known for its porcelain
manufacture. 15 m. VV. N. W. Dresden. Pop,
4,100.
Mejerdah, s-p. Algiers, 42 ra. W. Tlemsan.
Mejerdah, r. Africa, the Bagrada of the an-
cients, which runs through the W. part of Tunis,
and along the borders of Algiers, till it falls into
the Mediterranean at Porto Farina.
Mekekoan, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, on the Per-
sian gulf, 45 m. \V. S. W. Julfa.
Mekrarh, a province of Persia, on the shore of
the Indian ocean. On the E. it extends to the
province of Scind, in Hindostan, and on the west
and north it has Kerman and Seistan.
MeladcUf Melcda, or Melit, small isl. Austria, off
the coast of Dalmatia. Pop. 2,0(,t0. Lon. 17" 58'
E. Lat. 4:r 5' N.
Melada, small isl. off the coast of Dalmatia, N.
of Isola Grossa. Lou. 15" 56' E. Lat. 44° 35' N.
Melasso, t. Natolia, in A. Turkey, 80 m. S.
Smyrna.
Melaui. See Mellavoui.
Melay, or Meslay, t. France, in Mayenne, 15 m.
l3. E. Laval. Pop. 1,300.
J\Jelazzo, or Milazzo, (an. Mylcp,) s-p. Sicily, in
the Val di Demona. 'The trade consists in the
export of wine, olives, and olive oil, and is car-
ried on chiefly with Marseilles, Leghorn, and Ge-
noa. Pop. 6,000. 20 m. W. Messina, 100 E. Pa-
lermo. Lon. 15° 23' E. Lat. 38° 16' N.
Melbourne, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the St. Francis, 50 m. S. by E. Three-Rivers.
Melcombe Regis, borough and t. Eng. in Dorset-
shire, at the mouth of the Wey, opposite Wey-
mouth. It sends two members to parliament. Pop.
2,350.
Melk, Mnlk, or Moelck, L Austria, half way be-
tween Lintz and Vienna.
Meldorf, or Meldorp, t. Denmark, 50 m. N. W.
Hamburgh. Lon. 9° 4' E. Lat. 54° 10' N. Pop.
2,000.
Meldrum, Old, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire,
I7i m. N. W. Aberdeen.
Melenki, t. Eu. Russia, 68 m. S. E. Vladimir.
Lon. 29° 41' E. Lat. 55" 10' N.
Meletetunk, r. N, J. which communicates through
Beaverdam bay, with the Atlantic, at Cranberry
inlet. Lat. 40° b' N.
Melfi, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 52 m. E. by N.
Salerno. Pop. 7,500.
Melford, Long, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 59 i m. N. E.
by N. London. Pop. 2,068.
Melgarde Fermental, t. Spain, in Burgos, 42 m.
N.W.^Burgos.
MelUla, s-p. Morocco, in Fez, on the coast of the
Mediterranean. Lon. 2° 54' W. Lat. 35" 24' N.
Melinda, s-p. F.. Africa, and cap. of a kingdom
of the same name. It was formerly tributary to
the Portuguese, but in 1608, was wrested from
them by the Arabs, in whose power it has ever
Bifice remained. Melinda is a large and handsome
town, the houses built of stone, many of them
magnificent and richly furnished. The numer-
ous mosques give it a splendid appearance from
the sea. It is the seat of a very considerable
trade, being resorte<l to by vessels from the Red
sea, Persia, and the northern parts of India. The
exports consist of gold, ivory, copper, wax, and
drugs, in exchange for silks, cottons, linen cloth=,
and European commodities. The ruling people
are Mahometans ; but a considerable proportion
of the inhabitants consist of negroes. The inte-
rior of the country has not been explored by Eu-
ropeans. The city stands in lon. 41° 2' E- lat.
3"S.
Melipilla, province. Chili, bounded N. by Quil-
lota, S. by the river Maypo, which divides it from
Rancagua, and W. by the sea. Melipilla, the
capital, is in lon. 70" 7' W. lat. 32° 32' N.
Melita. See Malta.
Melitopol, t. Eu. Russia, 12 m. from the sea of
Azoph, 108 S. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 35° 10' E.
Lat. 46° 12' N.
Melilto, t. Italy, 4 m. N. Naples. Pop. 2,500.
Melkapore, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 76" 39' E.
Lat. 21" 4' N.
Melksfiam, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the Avon, 93 ra,
S. London. Pop. 4,110.
Mell Islands, small islands, near the W. coast of
Scotland. Lon. 4" 57' W. Lat. 58° 15' N.
Mella, r. Austrian Itady, which falls into the
Oglio, near Ostiano.
Mellara, t. Austrian Italv, on the Po, 18 m. E.
by S. Mantua.
Mellavoui, or Melaui, city, Upper Egypt, 120
m. S. Cairo.
Melle, Capo delle, cape, on the N. W. coast of
Italy. Lon. 8" 13' E. Lat. 43" 58' N.
Melli, or Lamlem, described bj"- the Arabian
writers as an extensive country of Africa, situate Jl
S. of the Niger.
Mcllingen, t. Switz. in Aargau, 9 m. S. by W,
Baden.
Mellor, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 8^ m. N. W. Cha-
pel in le Frith. Pop. 1,760.
Mellor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N.W. Black-
burn. Pop. 1,548.
Mellrichstadt, t. Bararia, 49 m. N. N. E. Wurzv
burg. Pop. 2,000.
Mells, V. Eng. in Somerset, 3 m. W. N. W.
Frome. Pop. 1,061.
Mellville, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,032.
Melnick, t. Bohemia, at the junction of the
Moldau and the Elbe, 18 m. N. Prague. Pop.
1,200.
Melo, t. Bixenos Ayres. Lon. 54" 17' 24" W. Lat
32"23'14"S.
Melrose, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. pleasantly
situated at the bottom of the Eildon hills, on the
side of a fertile vale, intersected by the Tweed.
A short distance from the town, on the S. side of
the Tweed, is the abbey of Melrose, one of the
largest and mo.5t magnificent in the kingdom. The
Lay of the Last Minstrel, by Mr. Walter Scott,
containing a bejutifnl description of it, has ren-
dered Melrose abbey an object of so much inter-
est, as now to be visited by travellers from all parts
of the globe. 35 m. S. Edinburgh, UN. Jedburgh.
Pop. 3,132.
Melsungen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Fulda, 14 m. S. S. E. Cassel. Pop. 2,850.
Meltham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6i m. S. W. h\
S. Hu<lder?fieJd. Pop. 1,430-
452
M E N
M E N
Mowbray^ t. Eng^. in Leicester, on tae
Eye, 20 m. S. E. Nottingham. Lon. 0° 54' W.
Lat. 52M6'N. Pop. 2,143.
Mekille Bay, harbor, on the N. coast of New
Holland. Lon. of Point Dundas, at the entrance,
136° 41' E. Lat. 12° 13' S.
Melville, Cape, the N. W. point of Hispaniola.
Lon. 60° 30' AV. Lat. 15° 44' N.
Melville Island, the largest of the New Georgia
islands, discovered by Lieut. Parry, in the sum-
toerof 1819, in the Polar sea. Lat. 74° 47' N.
Lon. 1 10° 47' W. In a harbor on the S. side of
this island, the expedition under Lieut. Parry
wintered in 1819—20.
Melville Isles, islands on the N. shore of New
Holland, at the entrance into the gulf of Carpen-
taria, on the W. side. Lon. 136° 52' E. Lat. 12°
8J'S.
Melun, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on the
Seine, 11m. N. Fontainbleau, 32 S. E. Paris.
Pop. 6,700.
Memel, t. E. Prussia, on the Curische HaflT,
which joins the Baltic here by a uan'ow strait.
It !s strongly fortified. The situation is very fa-
vourable for trade, the Curische Haff receiving
the great river Memel or Niemen, which is navi-
gable throughout a great part of Lithuania. It
exports timber, which is brought down in floats ;
also hemp, flax, and corn. The harbor is capa-
cious, but it will not admit vessels drawing above
18 feet of water. The manufa.cture8 are trifling.
70 m. N. N. E. Koniarsberg, 130 N. E. Dantzic.
Lon. 21° 5' E. Lat. 55° 42' N. Pop. 6,000.
Memmingen, t. Bavaria, on the Iller, 28 m. S.
by E. Ulm. Lon. 10° 10' E. LaL 47° 59' N. Pop.
6,500.
Memphis, in Sac. Geog. ancient city of Egypt,
called also Moph, and Jioph. Near its site stand
the modern villages of Gizeh, and Mohnan.
Manphramagog, Lake, on the boundary between
Vt. and Lower Canada. It is 30 miles long, and dis-
charges its waters through St, Francis river into
the river St. Lawrence.
Memramcook, small r. which has been recom-
mended as the boundary between the province ol
New Brunswick and i^ova Scotia. It falls into
the bay of Fundy.
Men of May, rocks in the North sea, near the
N. coast of Scotland, 5 m. E. DunnetHead. Lon.
S" 3' W. Lat. 58" 3' N.
Menai, Strait of, in Wales, dividing the island of
Anglesey from the main land.
Menamciu, t. A. Turkey, 6 m. N. W. Smyrna.
Menancabow, kingdom, Sumatra, in the centre
of the island, at present coufinetl to about 60 miles
on each side of the equator. Its jurisdiction for-
merly ext«5nded over the whole island.
Menat, t France, in Puy-de-Dome, 27 m. N. N.
W. Clermont. Poi\ 1,700.
Mcnchuan, isl. off the coast of Chili. Lat. 44°
20' S.
Mende, t. France, cap. of Lozere, on the left
bank of the Lot. It is the nee of a bishop. Pop.
5,000. 40 m. S. W. Le Puy.
Mendeli, t. Irak Ambi, 50 m. N. E. Bagdad.
Mende.n, t. Prussian States, 49 m. N. E. Co-
logne. Pop. 1,400.
Mendes, s-p. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, 20 m. S.
Milets.
Mendham, p-t. Morris co. N. J. 6 m. S. W. Mor-
ristown. Pop. 1,277.
Mtndtp Hills, a range of hills in Etig. iu Som
erset co. abounding with coal and lead.
Mendlesham, v. Eng. in Suflblk, 79i m. N. E,
London. Pop. 1,093.
Me7idocas Islands. See Marquesas.
Mendocino, Cape, on the N. ^V. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 124° 7' W. Lat. 40° 19' N.
Mendon, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. S.
Worcester, 37 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,819. It is
watered by Charles river. Mill river, and other
streams, and has a cotton factory, a forge, and nu-
merous mills.
Mendon, p-t. Ontario co. (N. Y.) N. W. of Ca-
nandaigua.
Mendoza, city, Buenos Ayrcs, at the foot of the
Andes, near the S. W. corner of the Vicei'oyalty.
Lon. 69° 47' W. Lat. 33° 25' S. Pop. 21,000.
Mendosa, r. in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres,
which rises in the Andes, and running E. is form-
ed into lakes in the plains.
Mendrah, district, Fezzan, in Africa, 60 m. S.
Mourzouk.
Mendrisio, or Dendris, t. Switz. in Ticino, 7 m.
W. Como.
Mendy, properly Mhendigaut, t. Hind, in Agra,
on the W. bank of the Ganges. Lon. 79° 57' E.
Lat. 27" 3' N.
Menerbes, t. France, in Vaucluse, 18 m. E. S. E.
Avignon. Pop. 1,600.
Menetou Salon, t. France, in Cher, 11 m. N.
Bourges. Pop. 3,300.
Menga, Pointe de, cape, on the N. W. coast of
France. Lon. 1° 51' W. Lat. 48° 42' N.
Mengen, t. Wirtemberg, 50 m. S. Stutgard.
Pop. 1,700.
Mengeringhamen, t. Germany, 24 m. W. N. W .
Cassel. Pop. 1,200.
Mengerskirchen, t. Germany, in Nassau, 7 m. S.
W. Dillenburg. Pop. 1,000.
Menhusa, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 160 m. S. W.
Tolometa.
Menil, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the
Loire, 14 m. S. W. Angers. Pop. 1,400.
Menilles, t. France, 9 m. VV. Evreux. Pop.
1,400.
Menin, t. Netherlands, in W. Flanders, on the
Lys. It is fortified, and is tolerably well built. 1 1
m. N. Lisle, 30 S. Brugjes. Pop. 4,600.
Menominie, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into Green bay, 60 m. N.E. Fort Howard. Itadmits
vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and canoes as-
cend the river 60 leagues. There is a small vil-
lage of Menominie Indians, 3 miles from the mouth
of the river.
Menron, Fort, Up, Canada, on the N. side of the
river Kaminiticwia, which falls into the west end
of lake Superior, 20 m. below, at Fort William.
It is in about lon. 90° W. lat. 48° N.
Mens, t. France, in Isere, 25 m. S. Grenoble.
Pop. 2,000.
Mensclink, t. Eu. Russia, in Orenburg, 140 m.
E. Kasan. Pop. 2,400.
Mensheel. See Meschie.
Menstrie, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 5 m. N. E.
Stirling.
Mentone, t. Sardinian states, on the sea coast, 6
m. N. E. Monaco. Lon. 7° 31' E. Lat 45° 45' N.
Pop. 3,300.
Mentor, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, W. of
Painesville.
Mentuosa, isl. on the coast of Vera^ua. Lonr.
82° 40' W. Lat. 7" 15' N.
M E R
M E R
463
JImtz, Mains, or Mayence, city, Germany, in
,,he grand duchy of Hesse, on the left bank of the
Rhine, immediately below the influx of the Maine.
It is built nearly in the form of a semicircle, of
which the Rhine is the basis. It is the strongest
fortress in Germany. The greatest defect of the
fortifications is their extent, which is such as to
require a gai-rison of nearly 30,000 men. The
interior of the town is by no means handsome.
The public library contains a collection of 80,000
volumes ; a cabinet of coins and medals ; a mu-
seum of Roman monuments, said to be the most
complete of any out of Italy ; and a gallery of
pictui-es. Pop. 23,500j of whom 1,600 are Jews.
Its trade is partly in wines, partly in general com-
mission business connected with the navigation of
the river. In 1802, the archbishopric was sup-
pressed, and Mentz is now only a bishop's see. 37
m. S. E. Coblentz, 99 N. by E. Strasburg. Lon.
8"11'E. Lat. 49°59'N.
Mentz, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie canal,
12 m. IV. W. Auburn. Pop. 1,207. In this town
is the village of Montezuma.
Menvf, or Mencuf, city, Lower Egypt, 22 m. N.
N. W. Cairo. Pop. about 5,000.
Menugat, t. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 21 m.
W. Alanieh.
Mensabano, t. Italy, on the Mincio, where the
Austrians were defeated by the French in 1800.
Menzakh, extensive lake of Lower Egypt, ex-
tending along the coast to the E. of the Damietta
branch of the Nile, 60 miles long, and 25 in its
greatest breadth.
Mensaleh, t. Egypt, on the borders of lake Men-
zaleh, 20 m. S. S. E. Damietta. Pop. 2,000.
Menzelinsk, t. A. Russia, in Oufa, 132 m. W. N.
W. Oufa.
Menzies, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance of Bentick's Arms. Lon.
232° 55' W. Lat. 32° 18' N.
Menzingen, or Menzigen, v. Switz. 4 m. E.
Zug.
Meppel, t. Netherlands, 24 m. W. Covorden.
Pop. 4,700.
Mepperij t. Germany, 52 m. N. Munster. Pop.
1,600.
Mequinenza, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the con-
fluence of the Segrc, the Cinca, and the Ebro, 19
m. S. S. W. Lerida. Pop. 1,600.
Mequinez, city, Morocco, and frequently the
residence of the emperors. It is situated in a fine
plain, watered by numerous rivulets, and sur-
rounded with a wall six feet high, which serves as
a defence against the Brebers. Lon. 5" 50' W.
Lat. 33° 56' N.
Mer, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 21 m. S. W.
Orleans. Pop. 4,300.
Mer, t. Hind, in Cutch. Lat. 23" 32' N.
Meral, t. France, in Mayenne, 17 m. N. W. Cha-
teau Gontier. Pop. 1,500.
Meran, t. Tyrol, near the confluence of the
Passeyer and Adige, 42 m. N. Trent. Pop. 2,300.
Merane, t. Germany, in Saxony. Pop. 2,200.
Lon. 12°21'E. Lat. 50° 49' N.
Meraf, or Meerut, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 77°
33' E. Lat. 29° 1' N.
Meralhaim, in Sac. Geog. a province of Chal-
■*lea, on both sides of the Tigris.
Mercara, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 75° 58' E.
Lat. 12° 30' N.
Mercer, p-t. Somer?et co. Maine, 11 m. W. Nor-
Bwock.
ricbewock.
Mercer, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co. E.
by Venango co. S. by Beaver co. and W. by Ohio.
Pop. 8,277.
Mercer, p-t. and cap. Mercer co. Pa. 70 m. N.
W. Pittsburg. Pop. 262.
Mercer, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 688.
Mercer, co. Ken. Pop. 12,430. Slaves, 3,284,
Chief to"wn, Harrodsburg.
Mercer, co. Ohio, bordering on Indiana.
Mercersburg, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. 16 m. S. W.
Chambersburg, 168 W. Philadelphia.
Merchingen, t. Baden, 6 m. W. by S. Kraij-
theim. Pop. 1,100.
Merchtem, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 9
m. N. N. W. Brussels. Pop. 3,500.
Mercogliano, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra,
Pop. 3,000.
Mercury Bay, bay on the N. E. coast of the
northernmost island of New Zealand. Lon. 184°
4' W. Lat. 36° 48' S.
Mercury, Point, New Zealand, the N. E. point
of Mercury bay. Lon. 184° W. Lat. 36° 47' S.
Merdin, city, Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, near the
top of a lofty mountain, the summit of which is
crowned by a castle. Pop. 1 1,000, of whom 1,500
are Arminians, and 200 Jews; the remainder
Turks, Arabs, and Curds. 45 m. S. Diarbekir.
Merdrignnc, t. France, in Cotea-du-Nord, 17
m. E. Lodeve. Pop. 2,200.
Mere, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 23 m. W. by N. Sal-
isbury, 102 W. S. W. London. Pop. 2,21 1.
Mere, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2i m. N. W. Nethei
Knutsford.
Mere, v. France, in Calvados, 2 m. E. N. E.
Conde sur Noireau. Pop. 1,200.
Merccz, t. Russian Lithuania, in Wilna, on the
Niemen. Lon. 23° 40' E. Lat. 54° 5' N.
Meredith, p-t. Strafford co.N. H. on lakeWin-
nipiseogee, 25 m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,940. It
contains 4 houses of public worship, a nail manu-
factory, and 2 distilleries. At Meredith bridge,
in the S. E. part of the town, is a small village.
A canal through Meredith is in contemplation to
connect lake Winnipiseogee with Merrimack
river.
Meredith, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 8 m. N. Del-
hi, 66 W. CatskiU, 69 S. W. Albany. Pop. 726.
Mergenev, fort, A. Russia, on the Oural, 72 m.
S. Ouralsk.
Mergenlheim, t. Wirtemberg, 19 m. S. by W.
Wurzburg. Pop. 3,000.
Mergui, s-p. of the Birman empire, on Tanna-
serim river, 6 m. from its mouth. Lon. 98° 23' E.
Lat. 12° 12' N.
Mergui Archipelago. These islands extend 135
miles from N. to S. along the isthmus of the Malay
peninsula, with a strait between them and the
main land, from 15 to 30 miles broad. The prin-
cipal are King's island, St. Matthew's, Clara, and
Tannaserim. They nominally belong to the Bir-
mans.
Merida, t. Spain, in Estremadura, on the Gua-
diana. In the time of the Romans and Goths, it
was called Augusta Emerita. Its antiquities ren-
der it an object of great interest. These are
scattered in all directions : in the walls, the houses,
the churches, and even in the pavement of the
streets, are discovered the remains of columns,
bases, capitals, frizes, statues, and inscriptions. 30
m. E. Badajos, 108 N. W. Cordova, 1 1 1 N. Seville.
Lon. 5" 50' W. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Merida, an intendancy of New Spain, compre-
454
M E R
bending the peninsula of Yucatan, situated be-
tween the bays of Campeachy and Honduras.
Extent, 45,784 sq. miles. Pop. 465,800. The
trees which furnish the famous Campeachy wood,
grow in abundance in several districts of tliis in-
tendancy.
Merida, city, Mexico, cap. of the province of
Yucatan, 70 m. N. E. Campeachy. Pop. 10,000.
Meriden. p-t. New Haven co. Ct. 17 m. N. Now
Haven, 17' S. Hartford. Pop. 1,249. It contains
3 churches, 1 for Cougre^tionalists, 1 for Episco-
palians, and 1 for Baptists. Here are several
manufactures of tin ware.
Meridian, p-t. Madison co. Missouri.
MerignaCf t. France, in Charente, 9 m. E. Cog-
nac. Fop. 1,200. — Also, a town in Gironde, 6 m.
fr. Bourdeaux. Pop. 2,000.
Merigny, t. France, in Indre, 5 m. W. Le Blanc.
Pop. 1,200.
Merilks, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. N. E. St.
Fargeau. Pop. 1,700.
Merimeg. See Maramce.
Merion, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,835.
Merion, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Fop.
1,156.
, Merioneth, maritime co. Wales, bounded N. by
Caernarvon and Denbigh counties, S. by Cardi-
gan, W. by Cardigan bay, and E. by Denbigh and
Montgomery counties. Extent, 670 sq. miles, or
430,000 acres. Pop. in 1801, 29,500; in 1811,
30,924.
Merishausen, t. Switz. 5 m. N. Schaffhausen.
Merlera, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 12 m.
^\ W. Corfu.
Merlerault, t. France, in Orne, 18 m. N. N. E.
Alencon. Pop. 1,300.
Mermentau, Mexicanaj or Mentou, r. Louisiana,
which, after a southerly c;ourge of 200 miles, falls
into the gulf of Mexico, about 200 miles to the
west of the Mississippi. In the lower part of its
Course, it expands into a spacious lake ; and before
its exit into the sea it again assumes the form and
breadth of a small river.
Merom, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. Indiana, on
the E. side of the Wabash, 35 m. above Vincen-
nes. Its situation is elevated, being on the high-
est land on the Wabash from its mouth to the E.
line of the State. It commands a view of the
prairie country for 30 miles, which is rapidly set-
tling.
Merrimack, r. N. H. formed by the union of the
Pemigewasset and tlie Winnipiseogee. The Pemi-
gewasset rises in the White mountains, and run-
ning S. about 70 miles, receives the Winnipiseo-
gee ; after which, the united stream continues a
southerly course, and passes into Massachusetts,
where turning to the N. E. it runs 50 miles, and
falls into the ocean below Nev.'buryport. It is
navigable to Haverhill. Salmon, shad, and ale-
wives are caught in considerable quantities. The
Middlesex canal in Massachusetts connects this
river with Boston harbor, and by means of various
improvements around the rapids and falls of the
river, the navigation is now extended as high up
as Concord. The following are the principal im-
provements : — Bow canal, around the falls a few
miles below Concord, was constructed in 1812, at
an expense of ;J20,000. Six miles further down
is Hookselt canal, which cost $15,000. The fall at
this place is 17 feet. Eight miles below Hooksett
Is Amoskeag canal, the greatest work of the kind
xVl E K
in New England, except Middlesex. On leaving
Amoskeag canal you enter upon a section of the
river nine miles in extent, converted by law into
the Union canal, comprehending in that space six
distinct falls, all of which have been made passa-
ble. Descending five miles further, you come to
CromweWs falls, which are made passable by a
canal. The cost of Union canal, including Crom-
well's, was about 50,000 dollars. Fifteen miles
below Cromwell's falls, are JVicasee falls and ca-
nal in Middlesex co. Mass. The canal cost 14,000
dollars. Three miles below Wicasee canal is the
entrance into tlio Middlesex canal.
Merrimack, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 6 m. E.
Amherst. Pop. 1,047.
Merrimack, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Merrimack, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
Merrimack, Missouri. See Maramce.
Merritch, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the Krishna.
Lon. 75" E. Lat. 16° 52' N.
Merritstown, p-t. Fayette co. Pa.
Merry hill, p-v. Bertie co. N . C.
Merrymeeting bay, Maine, is foi-med by the junc-
tion of the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers, 20
m. from the sea.
Merrymeeting bay, N. H. the S. E. arm of Lake
Winnipiseogee, extending about 5 miles in tlie
township of Alton.
Merry^i Island, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 93"
5'W. Lat.6r52'N.
Mers Agolela, s-p. Algiers, 6 m. N. W. Tniss.
Mers el Kebeer, or Mazalquiver, s-p. Algiers, 6
m. W. Oran.
Mersch, t. Prussian states, near Juliers. Pop.
1,700.
Mersch, t. Netherlands, 8 m. N. Luxemberg.
Pop. 1,700.
Mcrsea, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie.
Mersebmg, one of the new divisions of the Prus-
sian states, consisting almost entirely of the terri-
tories ceded by Saxony in 1815. Extent, 4,000
square miles. Pop. 471,000.
Merseburg, t. Prussian Saxony, cap, of the pre-
ceding government, is on the Saale, 15 m. W,
Leipsic. Lon. 12° E. Lat. 51° 21' N. Pop. 6,800.
Mersey, isl. Eng. on the coast of Essex, 9 m. S.
Colchester.
Mersey, r. Eng. which rises on the borders of
Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire, runs W.
and falls into the Irish sea, at Liverpool.
Merthyr T'ydvil, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. in
the valley of the Taaf. It was formerly a small
village, but is noAV the chief town of Wales, and
the seat of most extensive iron works. Iron
and coal abound in the neighbourhood. The
iron works are 4 in number, namely, the Cyfarthfa
works ; the Dowlais works ; the Penydarran
works ; and the Plymouth works. The Cyfarthlk
works are by far the most extensive and grand,
and employ 3,000 men. The quantity of iron man-
ufactured at the four works above mentioned, in
the year 1818, and exported from Caerdiff, was
44,583 tons. Pop. 22,(X)0. 16 m. N. bv W. Caer-
philly, 21 N. by W. Caerdiff, 175 W. London.
Lon. 3° 20' W.'Lat. 51° 44' N.
Meriola, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Guadi-
ana, which is navigable from this town down-
wards. 24 m. S. S. E. Beja. Lon. 7° 31' W. Lat.
37° 36' N. Pop. 3,000.
Merlon, v. Eng. in Surry. Here Merton col-
lege was first erected in 1274. 7 m. S. I^ojodon
Pop. 905.
M E S
MET
455
Mem, t. France, in Oise, 10 m. S. Chaumont.
Pop. 1,400.
Meru Shah Jehan, a city of Korassan, in Persia,
once the capital of many of the Persian sultans,
iiow greatly declined. 130 m. N. E. Mesched.
Pop. 3,000.
Merraul, t. France) in La Vendee, 6 m. N. Fon-
tenay. Pop. 1,500.
Merud, or Amaravati, t. Hind, in Bejapore.
Lon. 74" 36' E. Lat. 18° 15' N.
Me)"uvaii>, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into
Lake Superior. It interlocks with the St.
Croix, a v/ater of the Mississippi.
MerviUe, t. France, dep. of the North, on the
Lys, 15 m. W. Lisle. Pop. 5,300.
Mery sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the Seine,
15 m. N. W. Troyes. Pop. 1,200.
Mesatongi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 70 m. W.
by S, Livadia.
Mesched, a city of Korassan, cap. of the Persian
part of that province. It carries on a considera-
ble trade with Bokhara, Bulkb, Candahar, Yezd,
and Herat, Velvet of the finebt quality is manu-
factured here ; aad its tur pelisses are much es-
teemed. Lon. 57" E. Lat. 37" 35' N. Pop. 50,000.
Mesched Alt, or JVejiJf, t. Irak Arabi, supposed to
be theburial place of the caliph Ali. The most con-
spicuous object is tiie tomb and mosque of Ali.
The town is entirely supported by the indux of
Persian pilgrims and devotees, who regard it with
a veneration little inferior to Mecca. 90 m. S.
Bagdad.
Meschedizar, port of Mazanderan, in Persia, on
the coast of the Caspian, 10 m. W. Amul.
Meschidabad, v. Natolia, in A. Turkey, 25 m.
S. S. W. Amasieh.
Mf'schie, or Mensheel, t. U[)per Egypt, called an-
ciently Plolemais, on the Nile, 5 m. N. Girge. It
enjoys a considerable tra<le, as the barks between
Cairo and the cataracts usually stop there for pro-
visions,
Mese, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 131°
50' E. Lat. 6° 55' N.
Mesen, t. Eu. Russia, in Aroliangcl, on the riv-
er Mesen. 138 m. E. N. E. Archangel, 30 from
the mouth of the Mesen. Pop. 2,000.
Mesen, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into the White
sea.
Meseritsch, Great, t. Moravia, 56 m. W. Olmutz.
Pop. 3,400.
Meseriiz, or Micjidzyrzccz, t. Prussian Poland,
55 m. W. Posen. Pop. 3,600.
Meskoiitten Hatnmain. See Hammam Meskou-
teeji.
Meslay, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. S. E. La-
val. Pop. 1,200.
Mesola, t. Ecclesiastical states, 30 m. E. N. E.
Ferrara.
Mesopotamia, in Sac. Geog. now Diarbekir.
Mesopotamia, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. N.
W. Warren.
Mcsquital, t. Mexico, 18 m. N. E. Guadalax-
ara.
Messa, t. Morocco, 165 m. S. W. Morocco.
Messene, formerly a city of Greece, in the S. W.
of the Peloponnesus. The modern village of
Maurmati stands on the site of the ancient city.
25 m. N. E. Navarin, 33 W. N. W. Misitra.
Messina, a large city in the N. E. of Sicily, on a
strait called from it the Faro di Messina. The
strait runs from N. to S. and the town of Messina
•■ 'n^- parallel with it, forming an oblong of more
than 2 miles in length. Nothing can be more
beautiful than the view of Messina from on board
a vessel at the distance of a mile. The finest part
of the city is the Marina, a long line of buildings,
facing the harbour, and running parallel with it
for more than a mile. The town, since the great
convulsion in 1783, has been re-built with regu-
larity and elegance. The harbour is the finest in
the Mediterranean ; it consists of a bay, which
has the city along its W. shore, and on the E. a
long tongue of land, the point of which turns in-
ward, so as to form an inlet fa quarter of a mile
across,") sutficiently wide for the ingress of fleets,
and sufficiently narrow to protect the inclosed wa-
ters from the agitation of the sea. The circum-
ference of this harbour is from 4 to 5 miles : its
dcptlj in most places not less than 40 fathoms. It
is defended by a strong citadel, situated on the
projecting tongue of land. All the staple com-
modities of the island are shipped here. In par-
ticular, the Faro wine, of which not less than
10,000 pipes are said to be shipped annually.
There are several extensive manuactories of silk
in the city. Messina is remarkable for its misfor-
tunes. Of these, the two most recent, as well as
melancholy, were the plague of 1743, and the
earthquake of 1783. Pop. 36,000. 50 m. N. N. E.
Catania, 130 E. Palermo. Lon. 15" 48' E. Lat
38"11'N.
Messines, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8
m. S. E. Ypres. Pop. 3,200.
Mestre, or Maestro, t. Austrian Italy, 14 m. N.
E. Padua. Pop. 6,000.
Mesuraca, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 25 m. N.
E. Nicastro. Pop. 2,300.
Mesurado, r. West .Africa, which falls into the
Atlantic at the W. extremity of the Grain coast.
On its banks is situated a kingdom of the same-
name.
Mesurata, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa, the route trav-
elled by the caravans between Tripoli and Fez-
zan.
Mesurier, Point le, cape on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 56" 46' N.
Mesurier, Point le, cape on the N. E. coast ol
Kay's island, in the Pacific. Lon, 216" 4' E. Lat.
60" 3' N.
Meszczovsk. t. Eu. Rii'^sia, 56 m. W. Kaluga. Pop
1,600.
Mctcf, large r. New Grenada, in S. America,
which rises in the moimtain ridge opposite to San-
ta Fe de Bogota, and falls into the Orinoco, about
450 miles from its source, in lon. 67" 45' W. lat. (J"
10'30"N.
Melttwamkeag, r. Maine, which joins the Penob-
scot on the E. 30 m. above the mouth of the Pasa-
dunkeag.
Metcalfborovgh, p-t. Franklin co. Ten.
MeteJar, one of the Lacadive islands. Lon. 72'
25' E. Lat. 12"18'N.
Metehn, t. Prussian State?, 21 m. W. N. ^.^
Munster. Pop. 1,200.
Metelin. See Mylilene.
Metepec, t. Mexico. Lon. 99" 20' W. Lat. lf»'
20' N. 33 m. S. W. Mexico.
Methill, s-p. Scotland, in the frith of Forth, 1 m.
W. Leven. Pop. 388.
Metho, or Wadey, mountainous country of Cen-
tral Africa, W. of Darfur.
Methven, v. Scotland, in Pertlishire, 6 m. W.
Perth.
Methnen, t^U Essex co. Mass. on the N. side o<
456
ME X
the Merrimack, opposite Andover, with which it
J3 connected by a bridge. 22 m. N. W Salem.
Pop. 1,181.
Metre, V. France, in Indre-and-Loir, 6 m. N.W.
Tours. Pop. 1,200.
Metropoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in the island of Can-
dia, 22 m. S. Candia.
Mettaga, t. Greece, in the Morea, 13 m. N. by
W. Tripolizza. Pop. 800.
Meltijah, an extensive plain in the territory of
Algiers, immediately behind the city.
Meltingen, v. Bavaria, 4 m. S. E. Nordlingen.
Mettsecoube, small isl. near the coast of Algiers,
6 m. N. Boujeiali.
Mctuales. See Mutimles.
Metway Harbour, bay on the S. coast of Nova
Scotia. Lon. 64° 30' W. Lat. 44" 10' N.
Melz, a large fortified town in the N. E. of
France, cap. of Moselle, at the confluence of the
Seille and Moselle. As a military depot, it is ac-
counted one of the principal in France, being sur-
rounded by ramparts, and defended by a great
number of bastions, and other works. The man-
ufactures of Metz are cotton, linen, muslin, gauze,
fustian, chintz, calico, different kinds of woollens,
and leather. It is the see of a bishop. 96 m. W.
N. W. Strasburg, 210 E. by N. Paris. Lon. 6° 10'
E. Lat. 49" 7' N. Pop. 41,000.
Metzenseifcn, t. in the N. E. of Hungary, 16 m.
S. Kapsdorf.
Meudon, i. France, 6 m. S. W. Paris. Pop.
2,200.
Meulan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine, 28 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 2,100.
Meukbeek, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14
m. S. byE. Bruges. Pop. 7,000.
Meun, t. France, in Loiret, on the Loire, 14 m.
W. S. W. Orleans. Pop. 4,300.
Menn, small isl. of Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon.
13° 15' E. Lat. 55° N.
Meurs, principality of the Prussian states. Ex-
tent, 126 square miles. Pop. 28,000. Meurs, the
chief place, is 16 m. N. N. W. Dusseldorf. Pop.
2,200.
MeursauU, t. France, 4 m. S. W. Beaune.
Meurthe, a department in the N. E. of France,
bounded by the departments of the Moselle, the
Vosges, and the Meuse. Pop. in 1816, 365,500.
Extent, 2,500 square miles. Nancy is the capital.
Meur(he, r. France, wich rises among the Vosges
mountains, and falls into the Moselle, N. W. of
Nancy.
Meuse, or Maese, a department in the N. E. of
France, bounded by the grand duchy of Luxem-
burg, and,the departments of the Moselle, the Vos-
ges, the Marne, and the Ardennes. Pop. 285,000.
Extent, 2,500 square miles.
Mete Islands, small islands on the coast of Hon-
duras,*S. of Cape Cameron.
Mewe, or Gnieir, t. W. Prussia, on the Vistula.
Lon. 18" 40' 17'' E. Lat. 53° 50' 13" N. Pop.
2,100.
Mewstone, rock in the Pacific, 5 leagues S. E.
Van Diemen's Land, Lon. 146° 24' E. Lat. 43"
46' S.
Mexicaltzineo, t. Mexico, 6 m. S. E. Mexico.
Mexicana. See Mermentau.
Mexico, or JVew Spain, country or \-iceroyalty,
N. America, bounded N. and N. E. by the United
States ; E. by the gulf of Mexico ; S. E. by Guati-
mala ; S. and W. by the Pacific ocean. It extends
from 86" 56' to 124° 30' VV. lon. and from 16" to 42"
N. lat. Much of the northern part is iahabitetJ by
M E X
savage Indians. The remainder is divided into IJ
provinces or intendancies, containing 957,541
square miles, and in 1820, about 8,000,000 inhab-
itants, one third of whom were civilized Indians.
This population is settled principally in the south-
ern provinces, below the parallel of 25° N. lat.
The northern provinces contain more than two-
thinb of the territory, but only about one-tenth of
the population.
The land on both the coasts is low, but rise."^
gradually as you approach the interior, till it has
attained the height of 6 or 8,000 feet above the
level of the ocean ; it then spreads out into broad
plains, which are called table land, presenting the
strange spectacle, of a level country on the top of
a lofty range of mountains. These plains or table
lands extend along the range from lat. 18° to lat
40" N. a distance of 1,700 miles.
A range of mountains passes through the whok
length of this country from S. E. to N. W. called
the Cordilleras of Mexico. It is a part of the great
chain which runs through the American continent,
from Cape Horn to the Frozen ocean. Its top, as
we have already mentioned, consists of extensive
plains or table laud. From these elevated plains
single mountains occasionally shoot up, whose
summits are covered with everlasting snow. Sev-
eral peaks near the city of Mexico are more than
15,000 feet high, and the loftiest are volcanoes.
In the low plains, on both coasts, the heat is very
oppressive, and the climate unhealthy to Europe-
ans ; but when you advance into the interior, and
begin to ascend the mountains, it becomes more
temperate, and at the elevation of 4 or 5,000 feet
there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature^
which is very healthy. As you advance still high-
er, the climate becomes cooler, and at length, on
the tops of some of the loftiest mountains, yoi^
come to the region of perpetual snow. Thus, in
the course of two or three days, the traveller may
enjoy all the variety of summer, spring and win-
ter. ^
The productions of this country are as various
as its climate. In the course of a few hundred
miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of
the temperate and torrid zones. The soil of the
table land is remarkably productive. Maize is
far the most important object of agriculture, and
in some places, from two to three harvests may be
taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley are ex-
tensively cultivated.
The religion is Roman Catholic. There is one
archbishop and eight bishops, whose united reve-
nues amount to 112,000/. and the number of infe-
rior clergy is about 10,000. The country is gov-
erned by a viceroy, and each province is commit-
ted to an intendant.
The commerce of New Spain is carried on al-
most entirely through the port of Vera Cruz. In
time of peace, Humboldt estimates the annual
value of exports from that place, at 21 million dol-
lars, and the imports at 14,600,000. The exports
are gold and silver in coin, bullion and plate to the
value of 17 million dollars ; cochineal, 2,400,000;
sugar, 1,300,000, &c. The imports are bale goods,
including woollens, cottons, linens and silks to the
value of $9,200,000; paper, 1 million; brandy, 1
million; cacao, 1 million; quicksilver, 650,000.
The works of the mines are said to have been much
injured during the disturbances arising out of the
attempted revolution in 1810, and their produce
to have been seriously affected.
Mexico, city, N, .\merica, capital of New Spainj
M E X
M I C
451
and the most populous city of the New World, is in
lat. 19° 26' N. Ion. 99° 5' W. It is situated midway
between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean,
near Lake Tezcuco, in a delightful valley which is
230 miles in circumference, and elevated more than
7,000 feet above the level of the ocean. It is reg-
ularly built, in the form of a square, of four miles
on each side. The streets are broad, clean, gene-
rally paved and well lighted, and intersect each
other at right angles. The public buildings are
magnificent, and some of them of the most beauti-
ful architecture. The convent of St. Francis has
a revenue, from alms alone, of 20,000/. The hospi-
tal has a revenue of 10,000/. and supports 1,400
children and old people. The mint employs about
400 workmen, and is the most extensive establish-
ment of the kind in the world. The principal
manufacture is the working of gold and silver in
all its brahches. Large pieces of wrought plate,
vases and church ornaments, are annually execu-
ted to a great amount. The city contains upwards
of 100 churches and 137,000 inhabitants, of whom
one half are whites, and the rest Indians, mulat-
toes, and mestizoes.
This beautiful city is supplied with water by
two aqueducts, and its vegetables are raised on
the elegant floating gardens of the lake of Tezcu-
co. There are three other small lakes in the val-
ley of Mexico besides Tezcuco. The waters in
these lakes used formerly to rise above their bank?,
and inundate the city and the valley. In 1629
there was a great inundation, which lasted for
five years; and during the whole of that time the
streets of Mexico could be passed only in boats.
To prevent the recurrence of this evil various
means were employed without effect. At first, a
huge dike or mound of stones and clay was erected,
70 miles long and 65 feet broad ; but the waters
burst through it and tore it away. A subterranean
passage was then dug through the mountains
which surround the valley, to let off the waters ;
but the earth caved in and filleu up the passage.
At length a drain, 12 miles long, 300 feet broad,
and in some places 200 feet deep, has been cut
through a gap in the mountains, and this seems to
answer the purpose. The whole expense laid out
on these great works from the year 1607 to 1689,
is calculated at 1,291,770/.
Mexico is the centre of commerce between
Spain and America on the one hand, and America
and the East Indies on the other. It communi-
cates with Europe through the port of Vera Cruz,
on the Gulf of Mexico, and with the East Indies
through Acapulco, on the Pacific.
Mexico, an intendency of New Spain, extending
from 16° 30' to 22° N. lat. and bounded N. by San
Luis Potosi, W. by Guanaxuato and Valladolid ; E.
by Vera Cruz and Puebla, and S. by the Pacific
ocean. Extent, 45,401 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803,
1,51 1,800. The city of Mexico is the capital.
Mexico, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of the At-
lantic, extending from the coast of Florida to Yu-
catan, about 600 miles, and from Cuba to the coast
of Mexico, about 700.
Mexico, t. Oxford co. Maine.
Mexico, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico bay,
in Lake Ontario, 13 m. E. Oswego. Lat. 43'' 31'
N. Pop. 845.
Mexico, p-t. Mifflin co. Pa.
Mexillones, isl. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 29°
20' S.
Meximieux, t. Fraocp, in Ain, 17 in. N, E. Ly-
ons. Poo. 1,700
Mextitlan, t. Mexico, 95 m. E. N. E. Mexico.
Lon. 98° 2' W. Lat. 20" 37' N.
Meyeringen, t. Switz. 37 m. S. E. Berne.
Meyniac, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. W. Uzzel
Pop. 3,000.
Meyragues, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
9 m. E. Aix. Pop. 1,2U0.
Meyicar, district. Hind, in Ajmeer, between 25*'
and 26° N. lat.
Meywat, district, Hind, in Delhi, between 27"
and 2y° N. lat.
Mtze, t. France, in Herault, 18 m. S. W. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 2,500.
Mezemna, s-p. Fez, in Africa, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 80 m. E. Tetuan.
Mezieres, t. France, cap. of Ardennes, on the
Mouse. It is well fortified. Here are an artillery
school, and a large manufactory of arms. 14Jra.
S. E. Rocroy, 160 N. E. Paris.
Mezieres, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 6 m. W.
Bellac. Pop. 1,300.
Mezieres, v. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine. Pop. 1,300.
Mezieres en Brenne, t. France, in Indye, 16 m.
N. E. Le Blanc. Pop. 1,400.
Mezin, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Lauzonne, 6 m. S. S. W. Nerac. Pop. 2,500.
Mezingen, t. Wirtemberg, 17 m. S. by E. Stut-
gard. Pop. 3,100.
Mezo-Tur, t. Hungary, 58 m. S. W. Debreczin.
Pop. 4,0(X).
Mezzerab, small isl. near the head of the Red
sea. Lat. 27° 43' N.
Mezsovo, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 22 m. N.
by E. Joannina. Pop. 7,500. See Piyidus.
Mglin, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, 72 m. N. N.
W. Novgorod-Sieverskoi. Lon. 32° 34' E. Lat.
53° 12' N. Pop. 5,100.
Miahuatlan, t. Mexico, 108 leagues S. E. Mex-
ico. Lon. 275° 15' W. Lat. 18° 35' N.
Miami, r. Ohio, which, after a course of 100
miles, enters the Ohio near the S. W. corner of
the state. It is navigable 75 miles. There is a
portage of only 5 miles between its head waters
and the Auglaize, a river of Lake Erie.
Miami, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio riv-
er 7 miles above Cincinnati. In Green county
there are remarkable falls in the river. It is one
of the best mill streams in the state.
Miami of the Lake. SeeManmee.
Mia7ni,~co. Ohio, on the river Miami. Chief
town, Troy.
Miami, t. Cliampaign co. Ohio.
Miami, t. Clermont co. Ohio.
Miami, t. Green co. Ohio.
Miami, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami,
16 m. N. W. Cincinnati.
Miami, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Miana, v. Aderbijan, in Persia, 60 m. S. E. Tab-
reez.
Miano, v. Naples, near the capital. Pop. 2,600.
Miasse, r. A. Russia, which rises in the Oural
mountains, and falls into the Icette.
Miava, t. Hungary, 45 m. N. N. E. Presburg,
63 N. E. Vienna. Pop. 10,000.
Michaelovka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 62 m.
W. N. W. Kursk. Pop. 6,000.
Michaels, t. and cap. Madison co. Mi-souri, 30
m. S. \V. St. Genevieve.
Michailoiv, t. Eu. Russia, 24 m. S. 3. W. Riazan.
Lon. 39°!' E. Lat. 54" 5' N. Pop. 1,600.
Michel Dean, or Great Dean, t. Eng. in Glouces-
ter, the priTicipal town in Deaa Forest, 12 m. W,
458
M I C
Gloucester, 116 W. London. Lon. 2" 29' W. Lat.
51" 51' N. Pop. 535.
Michclsladt, or Mickkmtadt, t. Germany, in
Hesse-Darmstadt, 23 m. N. E. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,150.
Michelstoivn, or Mitchelstown, t. Ireland, in
Cork, 26 m. S. S. E. Limerick, 23 N. E. Cork.
Michigan, Lake, a great lake lying wholly within
the U. States, 260 miles long, 55 broad, and 800 in
eircumference, containing, according to llutchins,
10,368,000 acres, or 16,200 sq. miles. On the N.
E.it communicates with Lake Huron, through the
straits of Michillimackinac, and on the N. VV. it
branches out into two bays, one called Noquet's,
and the other Green bay. The lake is navigable
for ships of any burden. It has fish of various
kinds, particularly trout, of a large size and excel-
lent quality, and sturgeon are found in its bays and
rivers. The eastern shore of the lake consists of
heaps of sand, blown by the wind into every fan-
tastic shape. Lon. 84" 30' to 87" W. Lat. 41" 35'
to 45" 50' N.
Michigan Territory, aterritory of the U. States,
bounded N. by Lake Superior, E. by Lakes Hu-
ron, St. Clair and Erie, S. by Ohio and Indiana,
and W. by the Northwest Territory. On the N.
and E. its boundary is the same with that of the
United States ; on the S. it is the same with the
northern boundaries of Ohio and Indiana ; on the
W. the line begins at the southern extremity of
Lake Michigan, and runs due N. to Lake Supe-
rior. The territory extends from 41" 31' 38'' to
46" 39' N. lat. and from 82" to about 86" W. lon.
It is 350 miles long, from N. to S. and 21 2 broad on
the southern boundary, containing about 40,000
square miles.
The territory is divided by Lake Michigan into
two parts. The eastern ancl much the largest di-
vision i« a peninsula, bounded on three sides by
Lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair and Erie, and
on the S. side by the states of Ohio and Indiana.
The western division is also a peninsula, inclosed
between Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and the
western boundary of the territory. The part of
Michigan to which the Indian title has been
extinguished, is a tract in the S. E. along the
banks of Lake Eric, Lake St. Clair and Lake
Huron, extending as far north as Thunder bay
river, and back to the westward about 80 miles ;
besides some small tracts at the head of Green
bay, at Uie straits of St. Mary, and around Mich-
illimackinac. In 1820, there were five counties,
viz. Wayne, Munroo, xVIacomb, and Oakland, in
the S. E. and Michillimackinac, in the N.
The country along the eastern shore of Lake
Michigan, and extending into the interior as far as
tlie dividing ridge, consists of sand hills, sometimes
crowned with a few stinted trees, and a scanty
vegetation, but generally bare, and thrown by the
wind into a thousand fantastic shapes. The whole
of this tract has been gained from tlie lake, and the
land is still continually encroaching upon the
water ; every storm throwing up new quantities of
alluvion. The eastern part of the territory, con-
sisting of lands ceded by the Indian^, has never till
recently been brought into notice. It is now as-
certained to be a fertile region, v/ell fitted for
wheat and fruit of all kinds, generally level, and
watered by fine rivers, most of which present fa-
cilities for the transportation of produce from the
interior. Since the lands were offered for sale by
the U. S. government in 1818, emigrants have
flocked liitlwr in great number?, and perhaps in
M I C
no country nortli of the cotton and sugar climate
could the farmer find a better field for enterprise,
or a surer prospect of reward. The lands on Sa-
ganaura river and bay, which were ceded by the
Indians in 1819, are represented to be of an excel-
lent quality and beautifully situated. The white
settlements at present are chiefly in the S. E. on
Lake Erie, the river Detroit, Lake St. Clair, and
the rivers which fall into them, particularly the
Maumee, Raisin, and Huron.
The climate is healthy, and much milder thaa
in the Atlantic states in the same latitude. In the
eastern part it resembles that of the western coun-
ties of New-York and Pennsylvania ; towards the
southern boundary, it is much milder, but upon
the coast of Lake Huron, and even that of St.
Clair, it is more severe. No state in the Union is
so bountifully supplied with fish, aquatic fowls,
and wild game. The trout of Michillimackinac
have a superior relish ; they weigh from 10 to 70
pounds, and are taken at all seasons. White fish
are caught in prodigious numbers in the river De-
troit, and Lake St. Clair. Sturgeon are common
to Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan.
The beaver frequents the rivers running into
Lake Michigan ; bears, wolves, elk, deer and foxes
are also found in the forests.
The territory is finely situated for commerce,
being almost surrounded by navigable waters,
which will undoubtedly soon be com^ected by ca-
nals with the Hudson on the one hand, and the
Mississippi on the other. The vessels which nav-
igate the lakes are generally from 10 to 60 tons
burden. The amount of shipping in 1819 was
about 600 tons. The merchants supply them-
selves with European goods mostly from the city of
New- York. The goods are transported by land to
Buffalo, and thence by water to Detroit ; but the
revenue is defrauded to a considerable amount by
smuggling carried on from the neighbouring prov-
ince of Upper Canada. Detroit and Michilli-
mackinac are ports of entry. Pop. in 1810, 4,783 ;
in 1819, estimated at 12,000, and very rapidly in-
creasing.
Michillimackinac, commonly called Mackinaw,
isl. Michigan Territory, in the straits which con-
nect Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, 184 m,
N. E. Fort Howard, 313 N. Detroit. Lon. 84" 10'
W. Lat. 45" 54' N. It is about 9 miles in circum-
ference. The village of Mackinaw is on the S. E.
side of the island, on a small cove, which is sur-
rounded with a steep cliflf, 150 feet high ; it is built
on two streets parsdlel with the lake, intersected
by others at right angles, and contains a court-
house and jail, and about 100 houses. On the top
of the cliff stands the fort. Behind the fort, at the
distance of half a mile, is another summit, 150
feet higher, and 300 feet above the level of the
lake, on which fort Holmes is erecteci; from this
spot there is an extensive prospect into Lake Hu-
ron and Lake Michigan. The figure of the island
suggested to the Indians the appropriate name ol
Michi-Mackinaw, or Great Turtle. It exhibits a
beautiful appearance, seen from the lake. Here
are several farms, but the greater part of the isl-
and is uncultivated. During the summer, Mac-
kinaw is the resort of many fur traders. Here
outfits are made, the clerks and engagees sent into
the Indian country, and furs are brought in by
tliem. During this period also, many thousand
Indians, from the regions N. W. and S. W. visit the
island, on their way to Drummond's island.
Mkhillimackinac, Straits of, the channel whi«U
M 1 D
connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron. It is
about 40 miles long from the Channeaux on the
E. to Point Wagousinche on the W. and at the
narrowest part 4 miles wide.
Michipipicolon, r. Up. Canada, which falls into
Lake Superior, on the N. E. side of the lake. Lat.
47° 5G' N.
Michiscoui. See Missisque.
Mickmash, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the
tribe of Benjamin, E. of Bethhaven.
Miekery, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth,
8 m. N. W. Leith. Lon. 3" 17' W. Lat. 56" 2' N.
Micm/a Bay, bay on the S. W. coast of Mexico.
Lat. 10" 15' N.
Middelfahrt, t. Denmark, in the island of Funen,
on the Little Belt, 24 m. W. by N. Odensee. Lon.
9° 39' E. Lat. 55" 32' N. Pop. 1,000.
Jdiddelharnis, v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
18 m, S. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,200.
Middle Bank, a fishing ground in the Atlantic
ocean, which lies from N. E. to S. W. between St.
Peter's Bank and that of Sable island ; between
long. 57° 37' and 59° 32' W. and between lat. 44"
32' and 45° 34' N.
Middle, Cape, the W. point of Staten Land, in
the straits of Le Maire.
Middle Hero, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island
in Lake Champlain.
Middle Island, isl. oif the S. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 123° lO: E. Lat. 34° 7' S.
Middle Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, in
the strait between the islands Billiton and Banca.
It divides this strait into two ; the W. passage is
commonly called Gaspar's strait, and the E. pas-
sage, Clement's strait.
Middle Island, or Thwart the Way, small isl. in
the straits of Sunda, oppasite to Hog's point, in
Sumatra. Lon. 105° 43' E. Lat. 6° 55' S.
Middle Island, small isl. near the S. coast of
Celebes. Lon. 120" 52' E. Lat. 5" 40' S.
Middle Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 122° 51' E. Lat. 5" 3»' S.
Middle Mark, one of the five marks or provinces
into which Brandenburg was divided until the
new arrangement in 1815. It lies between the
Elbe and the Oder, and contains Berlin, tiie cap-
ital of the Prussian states. Extent, 4,800 sq. miles.
Pop. about 500,000. It now forms piirt of the
province of Brandenburg, and governments of
Potsdam and Berlin.
Middle Point, cape on the E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 63" W. Lat. 59° N.
Middleborough, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 16 m.
W. Plymouth, 40 S. by E. Boston. Pop. 4,400.
Here are ponds which produce great quantities of
iron ore, and extensive iron works are erected.
Middleboro'' 4 corners, p-v. Plymouth co. Mass.
Middleborough, p-t. Wayne co. Pa.
Middlebrook, p-v. Augusta co. Va.
Middlebrook mills, p-v. Montgomery co. Md,
Middleburg, t. Netherlands, cap. of Zealand, in
the small island of Walcheren. Though no longer
fortified, it preserves its circular mound of earth,
divided into bastions, and surrounded by a broad
and deep ditch. It formerly had a considerable
share of the Dutch East India trade. Its other
branches are the import of wine, chiefly from
Bourdeaux, and the export of corn, brought to its
market from the fertile tracts to the eastward of
the island. 46 m. S. W. Rotterdam, 85 S. W. Am-
sterdam, Lon. 3° 37' E. Lat. 51° 30' N, Pop.
15,000.
Middleburg. See Eor>n~
M I t)
459
Middleburgh, isl. off the N. W. extperaity of
Ceylon, and attached to Jafnapatam.
Middleburg, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 m. S-
Schoharie, 35 W. Albany. Pop. 3,236.
Middleburg, p-v. Union co. Pa.
Middleburg, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
Middleh%irg, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Middleburg, p-v. Nelson co. Ken.
Middlebury, p-t. and cap. Addison co. V^t. 33 m=
N. N. W. Rutland, 35 S. S. E. Burlington. It is
pleasantly situated on Otter creek, at the falls, 20
miles from the mouth of the river, and 13 above
Vergennes. At the falls there are 2 cotton manu-
factories, a nail manufactory, several grist mills
and saw mills, and a manufactory for sawing mar*
ble. An extensive quarry of fine marble was dis-
covered in 1804, on the bank of the creek, near
the centre of the village. It is now wrought into
tombstones, mantle-pieces, sideboards, &c. and
transported to various parts of the country to the
amount of 7 or 8,000 dollars annually. The town
contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 printing
offices, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congre-
gationalisls and 1 tor Methodists, and the college
buildings, one of which is an elegant edifice of
stone, 4 stories high, and containing 48 rooms for
students. Pop. 2,138.
Middlebury college was incorporated in 1800,
and has been supported entirely by private bounty.
It has a president, 5 professors, and 2 tutors, a
library of more tlian 1,200 volumes, a valuable
philosophical apparatus, and more than 100 stu-
dents.
Middlebunj, p-t. Newhaven co. Ct. 22 ra. N. W,
Newhaven, \iQ S. W. Hartford. Pop. 847.
Middlebury, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y.
Middlejield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 24 m. W
Northampton. Pop. 822.
Middlejield, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 3 m. E. Coopers-
town, 35 S. E. Utica, 63 W. Albany. Pop. 2,003,
Middle Granmlle, p-v. Hampshire co. Mass.
Middle Haddnm, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct.
Middleham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 36 m. N. W.
York, 232 N. by W. London.
Middlesex, county of Eng. which comprises the
cities of London and Westminster, and though one
of tlie smallest in extent, is by far the greatest in
the kingdom, in point of wealth, population and
importance. It is bounded S. by Surry and Kent,
N. by Hertfordshire, W. by Buckinghamshire, and
E. bv Essex. It contains about 300 sq. miles, or
192,000 acres. Pop. in 1811, 985,100; families
220,010, of whom 9,088 were engaged in agi'icul-
ture, 135,398 in trade and mauuf^ictures, and
75,524 otherwise.
Middlesex, co. in Lcindon district, Up. Canada,
on lake Erie.
Middlesex, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion
river, 5 m. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 401.
Middlesex, co. Mass. bounded N. by New Hamp-
shire, E. by Essex co. and the Atlantic, S. by Nor-
folk CO. and W. by Worcester co. Pop. 52,789.
Chief town, Cambridge.
Middlesex canal, Mass. is wholly within the
county of Middlesex. It connects Boston harbor
with the Merrimack river. It is supplied with
water by Concord river, which it crosses on its
surface. From that river southward it descends
107 feet, by 13 locks, to the tide water of Boston
harbor; and from that river northward, it de-
scends 21 feet, by 3 locks, to the level of Merri-
'naok river The loclrs are sdll nO feet by 12^. Ti^jp
^e&
mi D
canal is 31 miles long, 24 feet wide, and 4 feet
deep. It was commenced in 1793, and completed
in 1804, at an expense of more than $700,000, and
is the greatest %vork of the kind, yet finished in
the United States. By this canal and Merrimack
river, an easy communication is opened between
Boston and tlie interior of New Hampshire.
Middlesex, co. Ct. on both sides of Connecticut
nver, bounded N. by Hartford co. E. by New
London co. S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by
New Haven co. Pop. 70,723. Chief town, Mid-
dletown.
Middlesex, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandai-
gua lake, 12 m. S. Canandaigua, 17 S. W. Geneva,
209 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,078.
Middlesex, co. N. J. bounded N. by Essex co. E.
by Raritan bay and Staten island", S. by Mon-
mouth CO. W. by Burlington and Somerset coun-
ties. Pop. 20,381. Chief town, New Brunswick.
Middlesex, t. Butler co. Fa. Pop. 568.
Middlesex, co. Va. on Chesapeake bay, bound-
ed N. by the Rappahannock. Pop. 4,414. Slaves,
2,476. Chief town, Urbanna.
Middle States, the part of the U. S. between the
Hudson and Potomac rivers : viz. New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Ma-
ryland.
Middleton, t. Eng. in Lancashire. The cotton
manufacture is carried on here in all its processes ;
and the printing and bleaching works are on a
large scale. Pop. 4,422. 7 m. N. Manchester,
193 N. W. Loudon. Lon. 2" 12^ W. Lat. 53°
34' N.
Middleton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 1 m. fr. Wirks-
worth. Pop. 882.
Middleton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. N. W.
Wakefield. Poj). 906.
Middleton in Teesdale, t. Eng. in Durham, 9 m.
N. W. Barnard Castle. Pop. 988.
Middleton, t. Ireland, on the N. W. angle of
Cork harbor, 12 m. W. Youghal, 13 E. Cork.
Middleton, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada.
Middleton, t. Rutland co. Vt. 34 m. W. Wind-
ier. Pop. 1,207.
Middleton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 28 m. N. E.
Concord. Fop. 439.
Middleton, t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m. N. W. Salem.
Pop. 541.
Middleton, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 40 m. W. Cats-
kill. Pop. 231.
Middleto7i, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,351.
Middleton, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 579.
Middleton, Sir Charles, Island, one of the Fejee
islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 181" W. Lat. 17°2'S.
Middletoun,\. Scotland, 12m. S. Edinburgh.
Middletot/n, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 52 m. N. Ben-
nington. Pop. 1,207.
Middletoivn, t. Newport co. R. I. on the island
of Rhode Island, 2 m. N. E. Newport, 28 S. E.
Providence. Pop. 976.
Middkioicn, city, port of entry, and cap. of
Middlesex co. Ct. is pleasantly situated on the W.
bank of Connecticut river, 31 m. from its mouth,
15 S. Hartford, 25 N. E. New Haven, 35 N. W.
New London. Pop. 2,014; and including the
townahip, 5,382. It contains a courthouse ; jail ;
almshouse ; 2 banks, one of which is a branch of
tlie U. S. bank ; 2 insurance companies ; 2 print-
ing-offices ; and 10 houses of public worship, 4
for Congregationalists, 8 for Baptists, 1 for Epis-
copalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for strict Con-
gregationalists. There are several important
manufactories in this town, most of them recently
M I D
established. Among them are a sword factory*
where about 5,000 swords are annually manufac-
tured ; a pistol factory, which employs 60 or 70
men, who make 8 or 10,000 pistols annually ; a
rifle factory, which employs from 25 to 30 hands,
and produces 1,000 or 1,200 rifles in a year; an
ivory comb factory, a pewter factory, and a fac-
tory of block-tin buttons. These have all been
established since 1813, and most of tlie swords,
pistols, and rifles have been sold to the govern-
ment of the U. S. The other establishments are
2 woollen factories, 2 cotton factories, a paper
mill, powder mill, and distillery. A lead mine
was opened about the year 1770, on the Connecti-
cut, 2 miles S. E. of the city, and a considerable
quantity of metal was taken from it, but it wa-S
at last found unprofitable, and was abandoned.
Middletoivn Upperkouses, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct.
Middletown, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. S. E.
Delhi, 45 fr. Kingston, 73 S. W. Albany. Pop.
2,318. It has 2 churches, 1 for Presbyteriane,
and 1 for Methodists.
Middletotim, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Middletown, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y.
Middletown, p-t. Monmouth co. N. J. on Rari-
tan bay, at the mouth of a small creek, which di-
vides the town from Shrewsbury, 50 m. E. Tren-
ton, 30 S. W. New York. Pop. 3,849. It contains
an academy, and 2 churches. In this town arc
Sandy Hook, the highlands of Navesink, and the
village of Middletown point.
Middletown, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara
creek, which falls into the Susquehannah, 2 m.
below ; 6 m. S. Hummelston. It contains a church,
and above 100 houses, and has considerable trade
in wheat.
Middletown, v. Washington co. Pa. 30 m. W.
Washington, 5 E. of the Virginia line. It con-
tains 40 or 50 houses. Coal is found in its neighs
borhood.
Middletown, t. Bucks co. Pa, Pop. 1,663.
Middletown, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 948.
Middletown, p-t. New Castle co. Del. on Apo-
quinimink creek, 21 m. S. W. Wilmington.
Middletown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 8 m. N. W.
Fredericktown.
Middletown, t. Dorchester co. Md. 8i m. N. W.
Cambridge, 7 W. Vienna.
Middletown, p-t. Frederick co. Va.
Middletown, p-t. Sullivan co. Ten.
Middletown, p-t. Jefferson co. Ken. 12 m. E.
Louisville. Pop. 241.
Middletown, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, on the Miami,
6 m. fr. Franklin, 14 above Hamilton.
Middletown, t. Hamilton co. Ohio.
Middletown. See Somerset.
Middletown point, p-v. in Middletown, N. J. on
a small creek which runs into Raritan bay, 14 m.
N. W. Shrewsbury. It carries on some trade with
New York.
Middle icay, p-v. Jefferson co. Va.
Middlewich, t. Eng. in Chester co. situated at
the confluence of the Dane and Crake, 18 m. E.
Chester, 167 N. W. London. Lon. 2" 27' W. Lat.
53M6'N. Pop. 1,132.
Midgeley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. W, by N.
Halifax. Pop. 2,107.
Midkursf, t. Eng. in Sussex. It is a borough,
and sends 2 members to parliament. 1 1 m. N.
Chester, 50 S. W. London. Lon.0M5'W. Lat.
49\59'N. Pop. 1,256.
Midia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the Black
sea, 42 m. N. W. Constantinople.
M I L
M
461
Midland, district, Up. Canada, extends from
lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of
Quinte and the mouth of Ganonoque river, back
ta the river Ottawa.
Midnapore, district, Bengal, formerly a portion
of the province of Orissa. It contains upwards of
6,000 sq. miles, and a million and a half of inhabi-
tants. It was ceded to the E. India company in 1761.
Midnapore, the capital, is the station of the judge,
collector, &c. Multitudes of pilgrims pass through
it, on their way to the temple of Juggernaut. The
Baptists have a missionary here. 70 m. W. by S.
Calcutta. Lon. 87" 25' E. Lat. 22" 25' N.
Midnoi. See Mednoi.
Midway, settlement, Liberty co. Geo. 30 m. S.
Savannah, 9 W. Sunbury. Its first settlers were
from Dorchester, Mass. Here is a handsome con-
gregational church.
Midwolde, v. Netherlands, 7 m. W. by S. Gro-
ningen. Pop. 1,200.
Miechow, t. Poland, 22 m. N. N. E. Cracow.
Lon. 39° 26' E. Lat. 52° 50' N. Pop. 1,000.
Miedniki, t. Eu. Russia, in Wilna, 49 m. E. by
3. Memel. Pop. 1,000.
Miedzyrzycz, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 2 m. S.
Ostrog. Pop. 2,000.
Mielan, t. France, in Gers, 8 m. S. S. W. Mi-
rande. Pop. 1,300.
Mierloo, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 4m.
3. Helmont. Pop. 1,600.
Miesy or Silberstadt, t. Bohemia, 64 m. W. S.W.
Prague. Pop. 2,400.
Mifflin, CO. Pa. inclosed by the counties of Cen-
tre, Union, Dauphin, Cumberland, and Hunting-
don. Pop. 12,132. Chief town, Lewistown.
Mijlin, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,953.
M^in, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,289.
Mifflin, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 637.
Mijiin, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Mijlin, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 5 m. E. Colum-
bus. Pop. in 1819, 210.
Mijiin, t. Pike co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Piketon.
Mifflinburg, p-v. Union co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah, 35 m. E. S. E. Northumberland.
Miffiintown, p-t. Mifflin co. Pa. on the Juniatta,
40 m. N. W. Harrisburg.
Migdol, in Sac. Geog. a place in Egypt, near
the N. W. point of the Red sea.
Migne, t. France, in Vienne, 3 m. N. Poitiers.
Pop. 1,500.
Migron, t. France, in Lower Charente, 10 m.
N. E. Saintes. Pop. 1,400.
Mihiel, t. France, on the Maesc, 33 m, N. W.
Nancy. Pop. 5,600.
Mijarisima, one of the small Japanese islands.
Lon. 139° 45' E. Lat. 34° 10' N.
Mijaska. See Miasse.
Mikalidi, or Maarlich, t. Anatolia, in A. Tur-
key, on a river, the ancient Chyndus, which falls
into the sea of Marmon., 35 m. \V. Bursa.
Miken, fort, A. Russia, in Caucasus, 40 m. E.
Ekaterinograd.
Milan, formerly a duchy in the north of Italy,
between the Alps on the north, and the Appen-
nines on the S. having Piedmont on the W. and
,the Venetian territory on the EL A portion of it
belongs to the kingdom of Sardinia ; the remain-
der now forms, along with the duchy of Mantua,
and the Valteline, the government of Milan, the
most western of the two great divisions of Aus-
trian Italy. The government contains 8,030 sq.
miles, and 2,082,000 inhabitants. It is divided
ioto eight delegations, viz. tho^e of Milan, Pavia,
Lodi, Como, Sondrio, Bergamo, Brescia, andMan-
tua. Of these, the delegation of Milan contains
670 sq. miles, and 427,000 inhabitants. The Sar-
dinian Milanese contains about 3,300 sq. miles,
and 556,000 inhabitants.
Milan, or Milano, a large and fine city, the cap-
ital of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom or Aus-
trian Italy. It is on the river Olona, in a beauti-
ful plain, between the Ticiuo and the Adda. The
streets are, in general, narrow and winding, and
the private houses have no great pretensions to
elegance, but the public edifices display all the
richness and magnificence of Italian architect-
ure. The cathedral, is the grandest and most
imposing specimen of Gothic architecture ex-
tant, and, after St. Peter's of Rome, and St.
Paur 3 of London, the finest church in Europe.
It was begun in the 16th century, but on so large
a scale, that it still remains unfinished. It is built
of white marble, and is remarkable for the ex-
treme lightness of its construction. It is 490 feet
long, 298 broad, and 260 high. The hospitals and
charitable institutions of Milan are numerous.
The great hospital is an immense edifice, capable
of containing 1,200 patients. The great foundling
hospital receives about 4,000 children. Of the
literary and scientific institutions the first is the
Ambrosian college. Its valuable library contains
60,000 volumes, and about 15,000 manuscripts,
together with a fine gallery of paintings, statues,
antiques, medals, and curiosities. The university
of Milan was constituted by the empress Maria
Theresa in 1766. The trade of Milan is notex-
tensive. The exports consist of rich silk stuffs,
ribbons, printed cottons, leather, and paper. The
porcelain made at Milan may vie with almost any
in Europe. The city was taken on the 15th May
1796, by the French, under Bonaparte. In 1799,
the French were driven from it by the Austrians
and Russians under Suwarrow. After the unfor-
tunate battle of Marengo, (June 1800,) Milan
again fell into the hands of the French. It is now
the residence of an Austrian viceroy, and the see
of an archbishop. 75 m. E. N. E. Turin, 145 N.
W. Florence, 280 N. W. by N. Rome. Lon. 9°
11' E. Lat. 45° 28' N. Pop. in 1805, estimated at
120,000; in 1808, at 129,000; and in 1820, at
135,000.
Milan, p-v. Duchess co. N. Y.
Milasa. See Melasso.
Milaszo, Cape, on the N. coast of Sicily. Lon.
15°23'E. Lat. 38" 20' N.
Milbome Port, borough t. Eng. in Somerset co.
2 m. N. E. Sherborne, 113 W. by S. London. Lon.
2° 27' W. Lat. 50° 58' N. Pop. 1 ,000.
Mildenhall, St. Andrew's, i. Eng. in Suffolk, 42
m. N. W. Ipswich, 70 N. N. E. London. Pop.
2,493.
Miles, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,069.
Milesburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. on Bald Eagle
creek, 33 m. N. W. Lewistown.
Mileto, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 8 m. N. E.
Nicotera.
Milford, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.27 m. S. Con-
cord. Pop. 1,118. It contains 2 churches, and
manufactories of cotton, and screws.
Milford, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. S. E.
Worcester. Pop. 973.
Milford, p-t. New Haven co. Ct. on Long Island
sound, 9 m. S. W. New Haven. Pop. 2,674. The
village contains about 100 houses, and 3 churches.
The harbor has sufiicient d^pth of water for ves-
462
M I L
sels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned
here is about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very
\Tiluable quaurry of marble.
Milford, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Coop-
erstown, 76 W. Albany, Pop. 2,025.
Milford, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Milford, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. on the Delaware,
120 m. above Philadelphia- The river here forms
a good harbor for boats.
Milford, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,334.
Milford, t. and cap. Pike co. Pa. Pop. 83.
Milford, t. Mifflin co. Pa. on the Juniatta, oppo-
site Mifflintown. Pop. 2,095,
Milford, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,180.
Milford, Upper, t. Lehigh co. Pa, Pop, 2,033.
Milford, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, on the N. side
of Mispillion creek, which falls into Delaware
bay, 12 miles below, 19 m, S. by E. Dover, 95 S.
Philadelphia.
Milford, p-v. Greenville co. S, C.
Milford, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Milford, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Ham-
ilton.
Milford, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Little
Miami, 12 m. above its mouth, 15 N. W. Williams-
burg.
Milford, t. Hamilton co. Ohio.
Milford Haven, a deep inlet of the sea, at the
S. W. extremity of Wales, in Pembroke co. From
its entrance, it spreads out into an immense ex-
panse of water, extending inland more than 20
miles, and branching off into numerous creeks.
It is universally allowed to be the best harbor in
Great Britain, being so capacious, and at the same
time so well sheltered, that it might hold, in per-
fect security, the whole navy of Great Britain.
Milford Haven, t. Wales, in Pembroke co. on
the N. shore of the above mentioned bay. The
trade is inconsiderable. An establishment of
packets has been formed here, for conveying the
mail and passengers to Waterford, in Ireland.
Among the inhabitants are a colony of Quakers
from Nantucket, in America, who have erected a
quay, and formed an establishment for the south-
ern whale fishery. 6 m. W. by N. Pembroke, 7
S. W. West Haverford, 238 W. London, by Bre-
con. Lon, 5° 1' W. Lat. 51° 43' N.
Milford Haven, bay, on the coast of Virginia.
Lon. 76" 20' W. Lat. 37*^ 26' N.
Milfordville, p-v. Otsego co. N. Y.
Milhars, t. France, in Tarn, at the confluence
of the Ceron and Aveyron, 13 m. N. Gaillac. Pop.
1,600.
Milhau, t. France, in Aveyron, on the Tarn, 27
m. S. W. Rhodez, Pop. 6,100.
Milhaud, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S.W. Nismes.
Pop. 1,300.
Miliana, r. Africa, which falls into the Mediter-
ranean, 10 m. S. E. Tunis.
Miliquean Creek, or Holland'' s River, r. Canada,
which runs into Simcoe lake.
Militsch, t. Silesia, 30 m. N, N. E. Breslau. Pop.
1,300.
Mill, V. Netherlands, 21 m. E. Boisle Due. Pop.
1,100.
Mill Islands, 4 small islands in Hudson's bay.
Lon. 78' 30' to 79° 40' W. Lat. 64° 30' N.
Millac, t. France, on the Vienne, 3 m. S. L'lUe
en Jourdain. Pop. 1,300.
Millas, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 10 m, W.
Perpignan, Pop. 1,300.
Millborough, p-v. Bath co. Va.
Millborough, p-v. Sussex co. Va.
M I h
Millbury, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. S. Wdp-
cester, 40 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. in 1820, 935.
It is watered by Blackstone river, which contains
numerous mill seats. Here are a paper mill, 2
oil mills, a manufactory of black lead, a woollen
manufactory, an extensive tannery, a gun manu-
factory which employs 40 or 50 workmen, an ex-
tensive forge, a manufactory of mill saws, a rolling
and slitting mill, a nail manufactory, and several
scythe manulactories. Millbury was formerly a
part of Sutton.
Mill creek, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop.
2,313.
Mill creek, p-v. Berkley co, Va,
Mill creek, or J^ewburg, p-v. Cuyalioga co.
Ohio.
Milledgeville, p-t. Baldwin co. Geo, and capital
of the State, is on the Oconee, 300 miles by water
from Darien, at the mouth of the Alatamaha, 192
by land, 158 W, N. W. Savannah, 87 W. S. W.
Augasta. Lat. 32° 56' N. Lon. 83° 12' W. Pop.
about 2,000. It contains a state-house, an arse-
nal, academy, court-house, jail, state peniten-
tiary, 2 printing-offices, and 2 houses of public
worship,l for Baptists,and 1 for Methodists. It is sit-
uated in what is called the middle country. The
river is navigable to this place for boats of 30 ton?,
and large quantities of cotton and other produce
are brought here to be exported to Darien and
Savannah.
Mille Isles, seigniory, in York and Effingham
counties, Lower Canada, on the N. side of St.
Jean river, 18 m. N. W. Montreal.
Millersburg, p-v. Bourbon co. Ken.
Miller'' s ferry, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois.
Millers river, r, Mass. which runs into Connect-
icut river, at Northfield,
Millerstown, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the Ju-
niatta, 134 m. W. Philadelphia.
Millerstown, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on a branch ol
Lehigh river, 26 m. S. W. Easton, 47 N. W. Phil-
adelphia,
MiUery, t, France, on the Rhone, 7 m. S. Ly-
ons. Pop. 1,700.
Millesimo, t. Sardinian statcp, 30 m. W. Genoa.
Pop. 1,200.
Mille vaches, seigniory, Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. below
the mouth of the Saguenay.
Mill farm, p-v. Caroline co. Va.
Millford, V. Eng. in Derbyshire. Here are two'
large cotton mills, and an extensive bleachfield.
Mill Grove, p-v. Cabarras co. N, C.
Mill hall, p-v. Centre co. Pa.
Mill haven, p-v. Scriven co. Geo.
Millieres, v. France, in La Manche, 10 m. N.
Coutances. Pop. 1,300.
Millingen, t. Prussian states, 11 m. E. Cleves.
Pop. 1,200.
Millom, or Mil-hvJme, v. Eng. in Cumberland,
12 m. S. Ravenglass. Pop. 882.
Mill river, r.Ohio, which runs into the W. side
of the Scioto, 25 m. above Columbus.
Millsborough, p-v. Sussex co. Del.
Millsjield, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. W. Umbagog
lake. •
Millstone, t. Somerset co, N, J, on Millstone
creek, a S, branch of the Raritan, 14 m. N. Prince-
ton.
Milllhorpe, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 8i m. S.
by W. Kendal, 251i N. W. London. Pop. 1,138,
Millville, p-v, Cumberland co. N, J. l»m. E.
Bridgetown.
M I N
M I N
463
Miikille, p-V. King George co. Va.
Millwood, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Milly, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 9 m. W.
Fontainbleau. Pop. 1,900.
Milli/, t. France, in La Mancho, 3 m. N. E. St.
Hilaire. Pop. 1,200.
JUilly, t. France, in Oiae, 6 m. N. W. Beauvais.
Pop. 1,200.
Milnathort, v. Scotland, in Kinross-shire, 14 m.
9. Pertii.
Milnport, V. Scotland, on the S. W. side of the
i'sle of Cambray, with a good harbour.
Milo, (an. Melos,) isl. of the Mediterranean, in
the Grecian arciiipelago, 100 m. S. by E. Athens.
Lon. 24" 13' 32" E. Lat. 36° 42' 30" N. Pop, about
1,300. It has one of the best harbors in the Med-
iterranean. Ships generally stop at this island for
pilots through the archipelago.
Millenberg, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 28
m. W. Wurzburg, 18 S. Aschaffenburg. Pop.
2,700.
Milton, t. Eng. in Kent, 40 m. E. London. Lon.
0° 43' E. Lat. 51" 21' N. Pop. 1,746.
Milton, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal.
Milton, t. Strafford co. N. H. on the Piscataqua,
27 m. N. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,005.
Milton, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, at the mouth of Lamoil river, 1 1 m. N. Bur-
lington. Pop. 1,546.
Milton, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. on Neponset riv-
er, which is navigable to this place for vessels of
150 tons, 7 m. E. Dedham, 7 S. Boston. Pop.
1,264. It contains an academy, several paper
mills, and a chocolate mill. Milton hill, in this
town, commands a most delightful prospect.
Milton, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 4 m. N. Saratoga
court-house, 30 N. Albany. Pop. 276. It con-
tains the celebrated village of Ballston Spa. In
Milton there are 3 churches, and a great number
of mills.
Milton, or King^s ferry, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Milton, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the W.
branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. Sunbury.
Milton, or Broadkill, p-t. Sussex co, Del,
Milton, p-v. Albemarle co. Va. on the Rivanna,
80 m. N. W^. Richmond.
Milton, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C.
Milton, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Milton, t. Miami co. Ohio, 8 m. S. W. Troy.
Milton, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio.
Milton, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 11 m. N. E. Woos-
ter. Pop. in 1819, 120.
Milton's bluff. See Marathon, Alabama.
Milverton, t. Eng. in Somerset co. 7 m. W.
Taunton. Lon. 3" 16' W. Lat. 51" 2' N. Pop.
1,637.
Milville, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Hamil-
ton.
Milwaukie, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into the W. side of Lake Michigan, 90 m. N. W.
Chicago, after a course of 70 or 80 miles.
Mina, t. Arabia, about 20 m. S. Mecca.
Mina, r, Algiers, which falls into the Shelliff,
12 m. E. Mustygannim.
Minab, a fortified seaport of Kerman, in Persia,
on the Persian gulf. Lon. 56° 40' E. Lat. 27°
8'N.
Minarzo, Cape, cape, Spain, on the W. coast of
Galicia. Lon. 9° 10' W. Lat. 42'^ 51' N.
Minas, t. Buenos Ayres, 34 m. N. E. Maldona-
io. Lon, 55° 5' 34" W. Lat. 34° 21' 30' ^.
Minas Bay, or Ba»in, gulf on the S. E. side of
the bay of Fundy, 12 leagues long, and 3 broad.
Minas Geraes, a province or capitania of Bra-
zil, from 600 to 700 miles long from N. to S. and
about the same distance from E. to W. It is bound-
ed N. by Bahia, W. by Goyaz ; S. by Rio de Ja-
neiro. This vast territory produces in abundance
both gold and diamonds. The regular military
establishment of the capitania consists of 1,400
cavalry. They are appointed to guard the dia-
mond district ; and are employed exclusively in
the mining country, which they never quit, ex-
cept when they escort diamonds and treasure te
the capital. Pop. estimated at 360,000, of whom
200,000 are negroes.
Minch, arm of the sea, Scotland, which sepa-
rates the isle of Sky from Long island.
Minching Hampton, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 10
m. W. Cirencester, 98 W. London. Lon. 2° 11'
W. Lat. 51° 42' N. Pop, 3,246,
Minchivavida, small isl, near the coast of Chili.
Lat, 44° 40' S,
Mincio, r, Italy, which passes by Mantua, and
falls into the Po, 8 miles below. It is the outlet
of the lake of Garda.
Mindanao. See MagirAano.
Mindelheim, t, Bavaria, 27 m. S. S. W. Augs-
burg, Pop, 1,400.
Minden, a government of the Prussian states^
made up of the former principalities of Minden,
Paderborn, Rittberg, and Corvey, the bailiwick of
Reckeberg, and the lordship of Rheda. Area,
2,000 sq. mile?. Pop. 330,000,
Minden, t, Prussia, in Westphalia, and cap, of
the government of the same name, stands on the
Weser. In 1806, it was occupied by the French,
and finally ceded to Prussia in 1814; since which
its fortifications have been renewed and extended.
34 m. W. Hanover. Lon. 8° 53' E. Lat. 52° 17' N.
Pop. 6,800.
Minden, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mo-
hawk, 25 m. W. Johnstown, 62 W. Albany. Pop.
4,788. It contains 3 Dutch Reformed churches.
Minden, p-v. Ontario co. N, Y.
Mindo, t, Quito, 20 m, N, W. Quito,
Mindoro, one of the Philippine islands, 110 miles
long, by about 25 broad, Lon. 120° 24' to 121° 24'
E. Lat, 12°21'tol3°S0'N,
Mine au Burton, See Potosi, Missouri,
Mine au fer, or Iron Mine, v. Kentucky, on the
Mississippi, 15 m, below the mouth of Ohio river.
Mine Biled el Habesh, harbour of the Red sea,,
on the coast of Egypt. Lat. 23° 15' N.
Minehead, a borough and s-p. Eng. in Somerset
CO. on the Bristol channel. 24 m. W. of Bridge
water. Lon. 3° 28' W. Lat. 51° 12' N. Pop.
1,037.
Minehead, cape, Ireland, on the S. E. coast oi
Waterford.. Lon. 7" 36' W. Lat. 51° 58' N.
Minehead, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 58 m. N. E, Montpelier, Pop, 144.
Mineo, t. Sicily, 32 m. N. W. Syracuse. Pop,
5,300.
Mineral fork, r. Missouri, a branch of Big river,
which flows into the Maramec.
Mine river, r. Howard co. Missouri, which flows
into the S. side of the Missouri 200 miles above its
mouth. It is navigable 40 miles.
Minerva, t. Essex co. (N. Y.) S. W. of Elizabeth-
town.
Mintrva, p-t. Masoa co. Ken. 13 m.fr. Washing-
ton
464
M I P
M I K
Minervw^f L Naples, in the Capitaiiata, 85 m.
E. Naples. It is a bishop's see.
Mingan Islatids, islands near the S. coast of
Labrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 30 m. W.
Anticosti. Lon. 64" W. Lat. 50" 15' N.
Mingrdiay a large country of Asia, on the S.
side of the Caucasian mountains, between the
Caspian and the Black seas. It is bounded N. by
Georg-ia, E. by Immeretia, S. by tlie river Phasis,
and W. by the Black sea. The prince is depen-
dent on the Russians.
Minho, r. wliich separates Spain from Portugal,
and falls into the Atlantic 15 m. S. W. Tuy.
Minho, the Province. See Enlre Douro e
Minho.
Miniato al Tedescho, t. Tuscany. It is the see
of a bishop. Pop. 2,000.
Miniet Ebn Kasib, t. Upper Egypt, on the W.
bank of the Nile, 22 m. S. Abu Girge.
Minisink^ t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. W. Goshen,
25 W. Newberg. Pop. 4,005.
Minisink, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware,
5 m. below Montague, 57 N. W. Brunswick.
Minitoba, lake, Canada, 100 miles long, and
from 10 to 15 wide. Lon. 100° 20' W. Lat. 50°
40' N.
Minni, in Sac. Geog. a province of Armenia.
Minnith, in Sac. Geog. t. in the kingdom of the
Ammonites, 4 m. from Heshbon. It supplied the
«ity of Tyre with wheat.
Mino, one of the smaller Philippine islands. Lon.
124" 30' E. Lat. 10° 6' N.
Minong, or Isle Royal, isl. Canada, in Lake Su-
perior, 30 miles long, and 10 broad. Lon. 89° W.
Lat. 48° N.
Minorca, one of the B alearic islands, in the Me-
diterranean, 37 m. E. of Majorca, and 120 from
the coast of Spain. Area, 240 sq. miles. Pop.
31,000. The importance of the island has been
altogether owing to the valuable harbour of Port
Mahon. The exports are wine, wool, and cheese.
The other products are olives and olive oil, salt,
honey, fruit, pulse, and vegetables. The island
was taken by the British in 1798, but restored to
Spain in 1802.
Minori, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, on the
?ulf of Salerno, 7 m. W. S. W. Salerno. Pop.
2,100.
Minot, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the An-
droscoggin, 33 m. N. Portland.
Minsk, a government of Eu. Russia, which ex-
tends from the Dwina on the N. to the province of
Volhynia on the S. Area, 3.7,000 square miles.
Pop. about 950,000. Wood and potash are al-
most the only articles of export. The inhabitants
are a mixture of Poles, Lithuanians, Tartars, Ar*
menians, Greeks, Jews, and gypsies. The chief
part are Catholics.
Minsk, t. Russia, and cap. of the above govern-
ment, on the river Swislocz, 310 m. E. N. E. War-
saw. Lon. 27° 40' E. Lat. 53° 43' N. Pop. 2,000,
chiefly Jews.
Minsk, t. Poland, 25 m. E.by S. Warsaw.
Minton, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra, a lit-
tle to the S. of the line. Lon. 97° 8' E.
Minuciano, t. Italy, in Lucca, 9 m. N. N. E.
Carrara.
Minzesheim, t. Baden, 2 m. W. N. W. Goch-
sheim. Pop. 1,100.
Mioutobn, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa.
Lat. 7° 35' E.
Mivrm-ats, t Turkey, in Bulgaria, 52 m. N, W.
Bophla.
Miquelon, ial. S. W. of Newfoundland, 9 m. W
Cape May. Lon. 55° 55' W. Lat. 47° 4' N.
Mira, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. Venice. Pop.
2,000.
Mira, t. Portugal, on the coast of Beira, 13 m. S.
Braganza Nova. Pop. 1,600.
Mira, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific, by sev
eral mouths, in lat. 1" 40' N.
Mirabel, t. France, in Lot, 9 m. N. Montau
ban.
Mirabella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10 m,
S. E. Benevento. Pop. 5,500.
Mirabello, t. Naples, in Moiise, 20 m. N. Bene-
vento. Pop. 2,100.
Miradoux, t. France, in Gers, 7 m. N. E. Lec-
toure. Pop. 1,700.
Miargoane, t. Hispaniola, on the N. W. coast,
31 leagues E. by S. Port au Prince. Lat. 18°
27' N.
Miratnachi, bay and river on the N. E. coast of
New Brunswick. The bay sets up between Por-
tage island on the N. and Escuminax point on the
S. 40 m. N. W. of Shediac bay, and 35 S. E. Cha-
leur bay. Here is a port, where the timber trade
is carried on to a considerable extent. The sal-
mon fishery also is pretty extensive. The river is
formed by two branches, called N. W. and S. W.
which unite about 40 m. above its entrance into
the bay. The number of settlers amounts to about
2,000.
Mirambeau, t. France, in Lower Charente, 12
m. S. Pons. Pop. 2,200.
Miranda, r. Spain, which rises among the moun-
tains of Asturias, separates that province from Ga-
licia, and falls into the Atlantic.
Miranda de Corvo, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m.
S. E. Counbra. Pop. 2,700.
Miranda de Ebro, t. Spain, in Burgos, on thfe
Ebro, 32 m. N. E. Burgos. Lon. 3° 22' W. Lat,
42° 30' N. Pop. 1,400.
Mirande, t. France, in Gers, 11 m. S. W. Aucb.
Pop. 1,700.
Mirandela, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 22
m. S. W. Braganza. Lon. 6° 58' W. Lat. 41° 25' N.
Pop. 4,700.
Mirandol, v. France, in Tarn, 14 m. N. Alby.
Pop. 1,100.
Mirandola, t. Italy, in the states of Modena. It
is regularly fortified, and defended by a citadel
and castle, called La Rocca. It contains a cathe-
dral, and 15 churches. 16 m. N. N. E. Modena,
22 S. E. Mantua. Lon. 11° 5' E. Lat. 44° 5tf N.
Pop. 8,200.
Mirano, t. Austrian Italv, 11 m. N. E. Padua.
Pop. 3,200.
Miraporvos, isl. among the Bahamas. Lon. 74*
46' W. Lat. 21° 55' N.
Miravel, t. Spain, in New Castile, 12m.S. S. W,
Placentia.
Miray Bay, on the coast of the island of Cape
Breton. Lon. 59° 49' W .Lat. 46° 5' N.
Mirebalais, t. Hispaniola, 12 leagues N. Port au
Prince.
Mirebeau, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 12 m. N
N. E. Poitiers. Pop. 2,000.
Mirebeau, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 13 m. N. E
Dijon. Pop. 1,200.
Mirebel, t. France, in Ain, 8 m. N. E. Lyons.
Pop. 1,200.
Mirecourt, t. France, in Vosges, 30 m. S. Nancy
Pop. 5,100.
Mirefleur, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. S-
E. Clermont. Pop. l,60a
M I S
Miremont, t. France, in Puy-cle-Dome, 23 m.
W. Rrom. Pop. 1,200.
Miremont, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m.
N. E. llieux. Pop. 1,000. — Also a town in Dor-
dogne, 10 m. S. W. Montignac. Pop. 1,000.
Mireni, t. Walachia, 30 m. S. Bucharest.
Mirepoix, t. France, in Arriege, 18 xn. N. E.
Tarascon. Pop. 2,900.
Mirgorod, t. Russia, in Kiev, 12 m. S. E. Kiev.
Pop. 1,800.
Miropolje, t Russia, in Kursk, 88 m. N. N. W.
Charkov. Lon. 34° 34' E. Lat. SV 22' N. Pop.
6,300.
Mirsapore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the S. bank
of the Ganges. It is the chief mart for silk and cotton
between the British and iVIahratta territories.
Lon. 83° 35' E. Lat. 25° 10' N,
Miselar, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the W. coast
of Sumatra. Lon. 98° 30' E. Lat. 1° 39' N.
Miseno, Cape, promontory on the S. W. coast of
Italy, forming the W. point of the bay of Naples.
Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat 40° 48' JV.
Misery, small isl. Mass. off Salem harbour, 1 m.
N. N. W. Baker's island.
Misitra, pronounced Mistra, t. Eu. Turkey, in
the S. E. part of the Morea, 28 m. S. S. E. Tripo-
lizza. It stands on the declivity of a hill, at the
foot of Mount Taygetus, in a most beautiful and
picturesque situation. Since the unfortunate in-
vasion of the Morea by the Russians, in 1770, Mi-
sitra is falling into ruins. Among the ruinous
buildings are several fragments of sculpture, the
relics of the famous Sparta, which stood 2 miles
distant from the modern Misitra. Pop. 4,000.
Misivri, or Missevria, t. Eu. Turkey, in Roma-
nia, on the Black sea, 15 m. N. E. Burgas.
Mi^kolcs, i, Hungciry, 33 m. W. Tokay. Lon.
20° 37' 17" E. Lat. 48° 5' 56'' N. Pop. 13,600.
Mislowits, t. Silesia, 34 m. W. N. W. Cracow.
Lon. 19° 5' E. Lat. 50" 13' N.
Mispillion, t. Kent. co. Del. Pop. 5,893.
Missiglia, t. Italy, 17 m. i\. byE. Milan.
Misse, t. France, in 'I'wo Sevres, 4 m. S. Thou-
ars. Pop. 1,000.
Missiguinnipi Lake, lake, Canada, 100 m. N.
Quebec. Lon. 7 1° 30' VV. Lat. 48° 3' N.
Missiguinnipi River, r Canada, which runs in-
to the Saguenay. Lon. 71° 10' W. Lat. 48° 22' N.
Missisque, r.Vt. which rises S. W. of Lake Mem-
phramagog, and runs into Missisque bay, in tlie N.
E. part of Lake Champlain.
Mississippi, r. U. Slates, rises in lat. 47° 47' N.
and lon. 95° 6' W. amidst lakes and swamps dreary
and desolate beyond description, and after a S. E,
course of about 600 miles, reaches the falls of St.
Anthony, in lat. 44° N. where it descends perpen-
dicularly 30 feet. From these falls to the j unction
of the Missouri, in lat. 38° 27' N. the distance is
1,030 miles, and from the junction of tlie Missouri
to its mouth, in the gulf of Mexico, is 1,395 miles,
making the whole length of the river more than
3,000 miles. It is navigable for boats of 40 tons to
the falls of St. Anthony. Ships seldom ascend
above Natchez. The navigation of the river is at-
tended with danger on account of sawyers, plan-
ters, falling banks, and other difficulties. Sawyers
are large trees, whose roots are fastened to the
bottom of the river, while the top just appears at
the level of the water. The tree is continually
forced downward by the current, which is still not
strong enough to tear it out, and suffers it occasion-
ally to recoil, so that a regular vibratory motion
is kept tip, which i? performe<l onre ifi ten or fif.
3H I s
46.5
teen minutes ; and if a boat be passing over it at
tlie time it is recoiling, the destruction of the boat
13 inevitable. Wlien the top of the tree does not
quite reach the suriace of the water, it is called a
i>ltepi/ig Sawyer, and this is the most dangerous, for
it ciiiuiot be seen. Planters, are trees in a similar
situation, but firmly fixed, having no motion.
Falling banks are parts of the bank, so undermined
by the current, that pieces of them, frequently
more than an acre in extent are falling into the
stream. Boats are often destroyed by them.
I'he current of the Mississippi is.very rapid. The
passage of ships ascending the river Irom the Ba-
lize to New-Orleans takes up from 5 to 30 days,
while a light wind will carry them down in 12
hours. From JXew-Orleans to the mouth of the Il-
linois, the voyage formerly required 8 to 10 weeks.
But the introduction of steam- boats has greatly
facilitated the ascent of the river, and the voyage
is now periormed in less tlian one third of the time
formerly demanded. 'I'he number of steam-boats
has very rapidly increased within a few years, and
is still increasing. The first steam-boat on the west-
ern waters was built at Pittsburg, in 1811. In
1819, there were 50, measuring together 7,306
tons. At the same time there were 12 new boati
on the stocks.
'i'he principal tributaries of the Mississippi from
the west, are Red nver, Arkansaw, White river,
Missouri, Des Moiues, and St. Peters ; and from
the east, the Yazoo, Ohio, Illinois, aadOuisconsin.
'I'he banks of the Aiissiscippi are annually inunda-
ted lor a consiUeratile extent, particularly on the
western bank, and m the lower part of its course.
Just beiow the mouth of Ited river, commence.i
what is called the Delta of the Mississippi. l'h«
river here, ini-teau oi r<=ceiving the tribute of infe-
rior streams, divides into numerous branches or
bayous, which, diverging from each otlier, slowly
wind their way to tht sea. See Louisiana.
Mississippi, one ol the U. States, hounded N. by
Tennessee •, L. by Alabama ; S. by the "ulf of
Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by Louisiana and the
ArUausaw territory. The boundary runs as fol-
lows : Ueginning on the Mississippi at 35" N. lat.
it proceeds due east to Tennessee river, and up
that river to the mouth of Bear creek ; thence in
a southerly course to theN. W. point of Washing-
ton CO. in Alabama ; thence due S. to the gulf of
Mexico ; tiience westwardly, including all the isl-
ands within six leagues of the shore, to the mouth
of Pearl river ; up that river to 31° N. lat., thence
due W. to the Mississippi, and up that river to the
place 01 beginning. It extends from lat 30" 10' to
35" N. and from lon. 88' 10' to 91° 35' W. and con-
tains about 45,000 square miles, or 29,000,000
acres.
About one half of the territory of this State, em-
bracing the northern and north-eastern {)arts, is
in the possession of the Chickasaw and Choctaw
Indians. In 1820, the Choctaws ceded to the
U. State.--, alar^e tract, including all thexr lands on
the Mississippi, below the mouth of the Ailcan-
saw. The part of the State belonging to the
whites is in the S. and S. W. and in 1816, was di-
vided into 13 counties, containing 44,208 inhabi-
tants, of whom 20,547 were slaves. Two thirds
of this population Wds coucenti-ated in the countiea
borUeriag on the Mississippi, below the mouth of
the Yazoo.
'1 he southern part of the State for about 100
miles from the gulf of Mexico, is mostly aflat coun-
try, with occasiwual hill"? of moderate elevation,
59
466
M I S
and is covered with forests of the long leaved pine,
interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies,
and inundated marshes. As you proceed farther
north, the country becomes more elcA'ated and
agreeably diversified, £ind the soil is a deep rich
mould. The Indian country is very fertile, and
enjoys as fine and healthy a climate as any on the
continent. On the Mississippi, between the mouth
of the Yazoo and the southern boundary of the
State, there are extensive bottom lands, occupying
a surface of about 600 square miles, liable to an-
nual inundation. The hilly country rises like
a buttress from this plain, and for 10 or 15 miles
towards the interior, presents a warm and waving
soil, generally composed of rich loam, and admi-
rably adapted to the cultivation of cotton. The
price of land is very high in this part of the State,
and immense profits have been realized by the
cotton planters. The sugar cane is sometimes
planted as high up as Natchez, but not with the
same success as is experienced farther south. To-
bacco and indigo were formerly extensively culti-
vated, but since the introduction of cotton, they
have been almost abandoned. Most of the flour
and grain used in the settlements on the Mississippi
is brought from Kentucky.
Mississippi was admitted into the Union in 1817.
By the act of admission, it is provided that the
public lands shall be exempted from all taxes,
while belonging to the U. States, and for 6 years
from the day of sale ; and that lands belonging to
citizens of the U. States, residing without the State
shall never be taxed higher than lands belonging
to persons residing therein ; and that the river
Mississippi, and the navigable rivers and vraters
leading into the same, or into the gulf of Mexico,
shall be common highways, and for ever free of
toll or duty to all the citizens of the U. States. In
return for this concession, Congress have provided
that after paying a debt of 1,250,000 dollars to
Georgia, and indemnifying certain claimants, 5
per cent., of the nett proceeds of the public lands
lying within the State shall be devoted to making
roads and canals for the benefit of the State.
The climate is temperate, and in the elevated
parts, generally healthy. The bay of St. Louis in
the southern part of the State, is esteemed one of
the most salubrious places in that climate, and is
the retreat of many oi the citizens of New-Orleans
during the sickly season. At Shieldsborough, on
this bay, 50 m. N. E. New-Orleans, a college v/aa
established in 1818. Natchez is much the largest
town in the State, but Monticello is the seat of
government.
Miisnuri, the largest river of North .\merica, is
formed by three branches, called Jefferson's, Mad-
ison's, and Gallatin's, rivers, all of wliich rise intbe
Rocky Mountains, between 42° and 48" N. lat and
unite at one place, in lat. 45° 10' N. and Ion. 110"
W. Frorn the confluence of these streams to the
Great Falls, the course of the river is northerly ;
thence to the Mandan villages easterly ; and from
the Mandan villages to the junction with the Mis-
sissippi, it runs first S. and afterwards S. E. The
whole length flora the highest navigable point of
Jefferson's river, to the confluence with the Missis-
sippi, is 0,096 miles, and to the gulf of Mexico,
4,491. During this whole distance there is no
cataract or considerable impediment to the naviga-
tion, except at the Great Falls, which are '2,575
miles from the Mississippi. At these falls, the river
descends in the distance of 18 miles, 362 feet. The
first great pitch in ascending tlie river, is 98 f<;et ;
M I S
the second, 19 ; the third, 47; and the fourth, 26'
The width of the river is here about 350 yards, anfi
and from every description, the cataracts are next
to those of Niagara, the grandest in the world.
About 100 miles above the falls, is the place call-
ed the Gates of the Rocky Mountains. The rocks
here rise perpendicularly from the water's edge,
to the height of nearly 1,200 feet, through a dis-
tance of more than 5 miles, and the river is com-
pressed to the width of 150 yards. Nothing can
be imagined more gloomy than the passage through
this dark chasm.
The current of the Missouri is more rapid thau
that of the Mississippi, and the ascent much more
difficult. Above the falls the navigation is much
better than in any other part of the river. The
floods of the Missouri usuallybegin early in March,
and there is a continued succession of them until
the last of July, the river subsiding, and again
rising, ais the different rivers bring down their an-
nual tributes. The greatest rise is about the 10th
of June. — The following table exhibits the princi-
pal branches of the Missouri, with the width and
latitude of each at its mouth, and the distance from
the mouth of the Missouri.
Rivers. Width in Side of Dist.
Lat.
yards. Missouri.
Gasconade.
157
S.W.
100
38° 45'
Great Osage,
397
s. w.
J37
SS"* 31'
Mine river.
70
S.W.
200
Grand.
190
N.E.
240
Kansas.
233
S.W.
340
39° 05*
Platte.
600
S.W.
600
41° 4'
Big Sioux.
110
N.E.
853
38° 48'
Jacque or James.
90
N.E.
950
42° 53'
Quicourre.
150
S.W.
1,000
White.
300
S.W.
1,130
Chienne.
400
s. w.
1,310
44° 20'
Yellowstone.
800
S.W.
1,880
47° 50'
Missouri^ one of the U. States, bounded E. by
Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee ; S. by Arkan-
saw Territory ; W. and N. by Missouri Territory.
The boundary runs as follows : Beginning in the
Mississippi, at the mouth of Des Moines river, it
proceeds up that river to the rapids ; thence the
line runs due west till it meets the meridian, which
parses through the mouth of Kansas river, at its
entrance into the Missouri ; thence due S.along that
meridian, to the parallel of 36° 30' N. lat.; thence
due E. to the river St. Francis ; down that river to
the parallel of 36°, along that parallel to the Mis-
sissippi, and up the Mississippi to the place of be-
ginning. It extends from 36° to about 40° 30' N
lat. and from 89° to about 94° 10° W. Ion. and con-
tains about 60,000 square miles.
A great proportion of the land in this State is of
the richest kind, producing corn, wheat, rye, oats,
flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abundance. The
lands bordering on the Missouri, are exceedingly
rich. They consist of a stratum of black alluvial
soil, of unknown depth. As you recede from tlu
banks of the rivers, tlie land rises, passing some-
times gradually, and sometimes abruptly into ele-
vated barrens, flinty ridges, and rocky cliffs. A
portion of the State is, therefore, unfit for cultiva-
tion, but this part of the State is rich in mineral
treasures. The land is either very fertile or very
poor ; it is either bottom land, or cliff, either prairie
or barren ; there is very little of an intermediate
quality. The climate is remarkably serene and
temperate, and very favourable to health.
The ipgst remarkable feature in Missouri is it^
MIS
lead mines, which are probably the most extensive
on the globe.
They occupy a district between 37° and 38" N.lat.
and 89° and 92° W. Ion. extending from the head
waters of St. Francis river in a N. W. direction, to
the Maramec, a distance of 70 miles in length, and
about 45 miles in breadth. They cover an area of
more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of tlie
richest and purest kind, and exists in quantities
sufficient to supply all the demands of the U. States,
and allow a large surplus for exportation. The
processes of working the mines have hitherto been
very imperfect, and conducted without skill, sys-
tem, or economy, yet Mr. Schoolcraft estimates
the annual produce at more than 3,000,000 pounds,
which at 4 cents a pound, is worth $120,000.
The number of mines now worked is 165, and the
number of men employed, more than 1,100. The
lead is transported to St. Genevieve and Hercula-
neum, where it is shipped for New-Orleans, and
the Atlantic ports.
The number of inhabitants in Missouri ia estima-
ted at 50,000. A large proportion are from Ten-
nessee, Kentucky, New- York, and New-England,
and emigrated to this State within 5 or 6 years. The
original inhabitants were French and Spaniards.
There are few of the latter remaining, but the for-
mer constitute a respectable proportion of the pop-
ulation. The French language is spoken in many
settlements almost exclusively. The prevalent
religion is Methodism. The French are uniform-
ly Roman Catholics. The Baptists are also nume-
rous, and there are a considerable number of Pres-
byterians and Episcopalians.
Missouri was admitted into the Union in 1821.
While tile question was pending before Congress,
an attempt was made to introduce a clause into the
act of admission, to prevent the further introduc-
tion of slaves into the State. After a discussion of
many weeks, in which the feelings of the people in
every part of the U. States were higldy excited,
the proposition failed by a majority of 4 votes. A
clause was inserted, however, in the act, providing
that in the part of the territory ceded by France to
the U.StatesjUnderthe nameof Louisianawhich lies
north of 36° 30'N. lat. not included within the lim-
its of the State of Missouri, slavery should be for-
ever prohibited. In the act of admission, the gov-
ernment of the U. States granted to the State one
section or thirty-sixth part of every township, for
the supportof common schools ; and one township for
the support of a college. Five per cent, of the net
proceeds of the sale of public lands, is also reserv-
ed for making roads and canals, for the benefit of
the State. As the condition of these grants, the
State has provided that none of the public lands
shall be taxed for any purpose, while belonging to
the U. States, nor for five years after the day of
sale ; that the military bounty lands shall not be
taxed, if they continue to be held by the patentees,
or their heirs, for the term of three years from the
date of their patents. It is also provided, that the
river Mississippi, and all the navigable waters
leading into the same, shall be common highways,
and for ever free of toll or duly to.all the citizens of
the U. States, and that in no case shall non-resi-
dent proprietors be taxed higher than residents.
St. Louis is by far the largest town. The other
principal towns are St. Genevieve, St. Charles,
and Franklin. Of a less size are Herculaneum,
Fotosi, St. Micliael, New-Madrid, and Cape Gi-
rardeau. The seat of government is at present
at Cote-sans-dessein.
Mitrovri Territory, a territory of the U, State
M I X
ml
bounded N. by the British dominions ; E. by the
N. W. Territory and the States of Illinois and Mis-
souri ; S. by Arkansaw Territory ; S. W. by the
Spanish dominions ; and W. by the Rocky Moun-
tains. It is avast wilderness, inhabited, with the
exception of a few military posts, exclusively by
Indians. It is estimated to contain 800,000 square
miles. Taking the whole country together, it
may be pronounced an extensive region of open
plains and meadows, interspersed with barren
hills, and having some resemblance to the Steppes
of Tartary, or the Saaras of Africa, but without
the morasses and dull uniformity of the one, or the
dreary sterihty of the other. It is almost destitute of
woods, except in the neighbourhood of streams,
and can scarcely be said to admit of settlements.
The tracts lying immediately on the great rivers,
constitute the most valuable parts. The banks of
the Mississippi afford suitable situations for settle-
ments as high up as the falls of St. Anthony. Abovft
the falls, the pine country commences. Buffaloes
and other wild animals abound in almost every
part of the territory. They go in immense herds.
Lieut. Pike, who travelled on the Arkansaw to-
wards its sources, saw, as lie judged, 3,000 in one
drove. The face of the earth appeared to be cov-
ered with them. The banks of the Arkansaw and
Missouri rivers are the paradise of hunters. Of all
countries visited by man, this produces game ifl
the greatest abundance.
Missouriton, t Howard co Missouri.
Missuippe, lake, Lower Canada, E. of Lake
Memphramagog. It communicates by its outlet
with the river St. Francis.
Mistaken, Cape, the S. point df the Hermit isles,
3 leagues from Cape Horn.
Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, 2 leagues W.
N. W. Cape Race.
Mistelbach, t. Austria, 24 m. N. by E. Vienna.
Pop. 3,000.
Mistic. See Mystic.
Mistrotla, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demons, 56
m. E. by S. Palermo. Pop. 6,000.
Mitchel, Point, cape on an island off the N. W.
coast of America. Lon. 237° 3' E. Lat. 56° 29' N.
Mitomba, kingdoin of W. Africa, on the river
Sierra Leone.
Mitre Mand, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 169°
55' E. Lat. 11° 49' S.
Mifroivitz, t. Sclavonia, on the Save, 16 m. S. ?
W. Peter Waradein. Pop. 3,500.
Mitry, t. France, 14 m. N. Paris. Pop. 1,200.
Mitlau, or Mietau, t. Eu. Russia, and cap. of
Conriai-id, oh the Aa, 140 m. N. Konigsbei^, 56 W.
Ri;ta. Iron. 23° 43' E. Lat. 56° 39' N. I^op. 12,000,
of whom nearly one half are Germans, and above
1,000 Jews.
Mitienwald, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 13 m. N;
N. W.Innspruck. Pop. 1,800.
Mitterburg, t. Austrian States, 30 m. S. E;
Trieste. Lon. 14° 7' E. Lat. 45° 23' N. Pop;
1,050.
Mitterteich, t. Bavaria, 32 m. E. Bayi-euthe:
Pop. 1,200.
Mitton, Loti-er, v.Eng. inWorcesterj 4 m. S. S;
W. Kidderminster. Pop. 2,352.
Millweyda, t. Saxony, 32 m. W. by S. Dresden;
Pop. 3,800.
Miture, r. Caraccas, which enters the Carrib-
beansea, in lat. 11° 27' N.
Milylene. See Mytilene.
Mixco, t. Guatimala, 33 m. E. Guatiidala.
Mixstadf. t. Poland. 15 m, S-. KaliscbJ P#.
1.85»»
468
M O C
MOD
Mizanila, t. Mexico, 146 m. E. Mexico. Lon.
ge^SG'W. Lat. 19''54'N.
Mizenhead, the S. W. point of Ireland. Lon. 9°
43' W. Lat. 51° 23' N.
Mizenhead, cape on the E. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9° 4' W. Lat. 52^ 52' N.
Mizpah, or Mizpeh, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine,
in the plains of Judah. It is also the name of a
town in Moab ; of a valley in the country of Mount
Lebanon ; of a town in the tribe of Gad ; of one
in Benjamin ; of one in Gilead on the E. side of
Jordan ; and of one in Benjamin, where the assem-
blies of the Jewish people were often held.
Misque, province of Buenos Ayres, bounded S.
by Yamparaes, S. W. by Charcas, W. by Cpcha-
bambas, and N. by the Andes. Pop. 12,000. Miz-
que, the capital, is in Lon. 56" 42' W. Lat. 18°
40' S.
Mlawa, t. Poland, 45 m. N. N. E. Plock. Pop.
1,000.
jyioa Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the E. ex-
trismity of Timor. Lon. 128° E. Lat. 8° 20' S.
Moages, small islands in the Carribbean sea, at
the entrance of the gulf of Venezuela.
Mobjack, bay, Va. which sets up from Chesa-
peake bay N. of the mouth of York river.
Mobile, CO. Alabama, on both sides of the bay
and river of the same name.
Mobile, p-t. port of entry and cap. of Mobile co.
Alabama, is on the western channel of Mobile riv-
er, near its entrance into Mobile bay. It is built
On a high bank, in a dry and commanding situa-
tion, but the approach to the town for vessels
drawing more than eight feet of water, is difficult
and circuitous. The country in the rear is unset-
tled pine woods. While this town was under the
dominion of the French and Spaniards, it was a
mere military post. When it came into the pos-
session of the United States, in 1813, it contained
only 100 houses; but, since the rapid progress of
the settlements on the Tombigbee and Alabama, an
attempt has been made to make it the depot for
the produce of the country on those rivers. There
is, however, a vigorous rivalry between this place
and Blakely, and the latter has some obvious ad-
vantages. 33 m. N. Mobile point, 10 K. Blakely,
60 W. N. W. Pensacola, 40 by water below Fort
Stoddert. Lat. 30° 40' N.
Mobile bay, a bay at the mouth of Mobile river,
30 miles long, and, on an average, 12 broad. It
communicates with the Gulf of Mexico by two
iitraits, one on each side of Dauphin island, which
lies at its mouth. The strait on the W. side will
not admit the passage of vessels drawing more than
5 feet of water ; that on the E. side, between the
island and Mobile point, has 18 feet of water, and
the channel passes within a iew yards of the point.
There is a bar which runs across the bay, near
its upper end, over which tliere is only 11 feet
water.
Mobile, r. Alabama, is formed by the union of
the Alabama and Tombigbee, 40 m. above Mobile.
After a course of 3 miles it divides and enters Mo-
bile bay in several channels. The main western
channel is called the Mobile ; the main eastern
channel, is the deepest and widest, and is called
the Tensaw. The eastern channel passes by
Blakely.
Mocamoco, t. on the S. W. coast of Sumatra,
ton. 101° 10' E. Lat. 2° 31' S.
Mocaranga. See Motapa.
Moeha, an extensive city of Yemen, in Arabia,
the principal port on tile Red sea, and the channel
through which almost all the intercourse of Eu-
rope with this part of the world is carried on.
The trade with Mocha was nearly monopolised by
the English till 1 803, when the Americans discov-
ered that large profits might be made by export-
ing coffee, and they immediately commenced the
business on a large scale. The competition soon
raised the price from 36 to 40 or 50 dollars per
bale. In the following year 8,000 bales were ex-
ported by the Americans, and 2,000 by the British.
The former calculated to deliver it in America
at 6/. 18s. 9d. per cwt. while the India company
could not deliver it in England at less than 10/.
3s. 8d. The trade is carried on by about two hun-
dred and fifty Banians or Gentoo merchants. The
English pay a duty of three per cent, on all im-
ports, but other foreigners of five. Lon. 43° 20'
E. Lat. 13° 20' N.
Mocha, uninhabited isl. on the coast of Chili,
60 miles in circumference, frequented by the
whalers from the United States. Lat. 38° 40' S.
Mocha, r. Peru, which enters the Pacific a
league from Truxillo, in lat, 8° 10' S.
Mockem, t. Prussian states, 18 m. E. Magdeburg.
Pop. 1,200.
Mock''s oldjield, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
Mockwanpore, t. and cap.of adistrictof the same
name in Hind. Lon. 85° 18' E. Lat. 27° 28' N.
Mocodame, small isl. near the S. E. coast of No-
va Scotia. Lon. 61° 20' W. Lat. 45° 4' N.
Modain, ul, v. Irak Arabia, on the E. bank of
the Euphrates, on the site of the ancient Seleucia
and Ctesiphon. 20 m. S. E. of Bagdad.
Modane, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 15 m. E.
by S. St Jean de Maurienne. Pop. 1,000.
Modania, t. Asia Minor, on a gulf of the same
name, connected with the sea of Marmora. The
gulf, to this height, is navigable for ships of bur-
den. 15 m. N. W. Bursa.
Modbury, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m. E. Ply-
mouth, 207 W, by S. London. Lon. 3" 52' W.
Lat. 60° 51' N. Pop. 1,890.
Modena, a duchy in the iST. of Italy, situated be-
tween the Po on the N. and the Appennines on the
8. and extending from 9° 54' to 11" 20' E. lon. and
from 44" 6' to 44" 55' N. lat. It is bounded E. by
the States of the Church, and W. by Parma. The
territory of Modena, properly speaking, consists
only of the six districts of Modena, Reggio, Mi-
randola, Correggio, Carpi, and Navellara ; but,
as the principality of Massa and Carrara will re-
vert, on the death of its present sovereign, to the
house of Modena, it is commonly included. The
extent and population of Modena proper, is 1,740
sq. miles, with 332,000 inhabitants ; of Massa and
Carrara, 320 sq. miles, with 38,000 inhabitants.
Total, 2,060 sq. miles, and 370,000 inhabitants.
The climate is mild and pleasant, and the soil rich
and fruitful. The products are corn, wine, fruit,
olives, mulberry-trees, hemp, &c. This duchy
forms an independent state, possessed, in full sov-
ereignty, by a lateral branch of the house of Aus-
tria, the Archduke Francis of Este. The revenue
is computed at 140,000/. sterling; the troops a*
1,500 men.
Modena, the capital of the above duchy, is in a
delightful plain, between the rivers Panaro and
Secchia. It has a citadel, and is surrounded with
ramparts. There is here a college, with a libra-
ry of about 80,000 volumes. 22 m. W. N. W. Bo-
logna, and 30 E. S. E. Parma. Lon. 11° 12' E.
Lat. 44° 34' N. Pop. 20,000,
M O H
Moder and Daughters Islands, islands near Cay-
enne, on the E. coast of S. America, in about lat.
a^N. Ion. 52° W.
Modern., Modor, or Modra, t. Hungary, i4 m.
N. N. E. Presburg.
Modiboo, t. Bambara, in Africa, near the Niger.
56 m. N. E. Sego.
Modica, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, cap. of the
district of Modica, 30 m. W. S. W. Syracuse, 45
S. S. W. Catania. Lon. 14°43'E. Lat. 36" 51' N.
Pop. 23,500.
Modigliana, t Italy, in Tuscany, 40 m. N. E,
Florence. Pop. 2,200.
Modin, V. Palestine, 14 m. E. S. E. Jaffa.
Modon, or Mothone, the ancient Melhone, a sea-
port of Greece, in the S. W. part of the Morea.
The harbour is secure, but not large. The town
is the residence of a bey and the see of a Greek
bishop. 15 m. W. S. W. Coron, and 55 S. W.
Tripolizza.
Modugno, t. Naples, 15 m. S. W. Bari. Pop.
4,600.
Moen, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, separated
from the island of Zealand by a narrow strait.
Extent, 90 sq. miles. Pop. 7,000,
Moet/, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 132°
60' E. Lat. 5° 30' S.
Moffat, t. Scotland, in Dumfries co. on the An-
nan, celebrated for its mineral waters, which are
famous for their cures in scrophulous, herpetic,
and rheumatic affections. 21 m. N. E. Dumfries,
50 S. Edinburgh.
Moggador. See Mogodor.
Mogglingen, v. Wirtemberg, 8 m. E. Gemund.
Fop. 1,400.
Mogimiri, t. Brazil, 35 m. E. St. Paul.
Mogiiano, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro. Pop.
3,800.
Mogodor, s-p. of Morocco, on the Atlantic, com-
monly called by the natives Suerrah, the princi-
pal seat of the commerce between Europe and the
empire of Morocco. The place is built on a low
flat desert of accumulating sand, which separates
it from the cultivated country. The imports into
Mogodor in 1804, are estimated by Mr. Jackson
at 151,450/. The exports for the same year, were
almonds, sweet and bitter ; gums, Barbary, Sou-
dan, and Sandrac; bees' wax, goat skins, oil of
olives, cow and calf skins, sheep's wool, ostrich
feathers, pomegranate peels, and dates, to the
amount of 127,679/. sterling. Lon. 9" 20' W. Lat.
3r 50' N. Pop. estimated at 10,000.
Mogolistan. See Mongolia.
Mogoo, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, It has one of
the most secure roadsteads in the gulf, capable of
holding the largest fleets. 80 m. S. Lar.
Moguer, i. Spain, in Seville, at the mouth of the
Tinto, 51 m. W. Seville. Lon. 6° 58' W. Lat. 37°
12' N. Pop. 5,000.
Mohacs, t. Hungary, near the Danube, 56 m.
W. Segedin, 21 E. Funfkirchen. Lon. 18" 11' 46"
E, Lat. 45° 59' 29'' N. Pop. 4,000.
Mohaffey''s, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C.
Mohaney, Lower, t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Pop. 1,040.
Mohaney, Upper, t. Northumberland co. Pa,
Pop. 1,426.
Mohaun, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 81" E. Lat.
26° 50^ N.
Mohawk, r. N. H. which joins Connecticut river
at Stewartston.
Mohawk, r. N. Y. a large western branch of the
Hudson, which ri«es 20 m. N. of Rome, and run-
M O J
469
ning S. of E. passes by Rome, Utica, and Sche-
nectady, and, after a course of about 135 miles,
falls into the Hudson by several mouths between
Troy and Waterford. The navigation of the
river is interrupted by numerous rapids and falls,
the principal of which is the Cahoos, or Cahoes,
two miles from its mouth, which is much admired
for its beauty and sublimity. The river, which
is here between 300 and 400 yards broad, de-
scends, at high water, in one sheet, to the depth of
70 feet. About three-fourths of a mile below, a
bridge has been thrown across the Mohawk, from
which the view of the falls is inexpressibly grand.
At Rome there is a canal, li miles long, connect-
ing the Mohawk with Wood creek, and opening a
communication through this creek, Oneida lake,
and Oswego river into Lake Ontario. The Erie
canal will pass along the south bank of the Mo-
hawk from its mouth to Rome.
Mohawk, or Coakquago, r. N, Y. which rises in
Utsayanthe lake, in Schoharie co. and, after a
course of 57 miles, unites with the Popachton to
form Delaware river.
Mohawks, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Ontario, W. of Kingston.
Mohegan, v. on the W. bank of the Thames in
Connecticut, 4 m. S. Norwich. Here are the re-
mains of the Mohegan Indians.
Mohiccan, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 11 m. W. Woos-
ter. Pop. in 1819, 505.
Mohiccan, r. Ohio, which runs into Whitewo-
man's creek, 18 m. above Coshocton.
Mohilev, an extensive government of Eu. Rus-
sia, to the E. of Minsk, lying between 28° 50' and
32° 40' E. lon. and 53° 5' and 55° 10' N. lat. Area,
18,500 sq. miles. Pop. about 800,000, of whom
the majority are Poles.
Mohilev, the capital of the above government,
is on the Dnieper, 420 m. S. St. Petersburg, 330
S. W. Moscow. Pop. 12,500, of whom nearly
2,000 are Jews.
Mohilev, or Mogilev, t. Eu. Russia, in Podolia,
on the Dneister, 57 m. S. S. E. Caminiec. Pop.
7,000.
Mohilla, one of the Comorro islands, between
Madagascar and the E. coast of Africa. Lon. 44"
4'E. Lat. 12° 36' S.
Mohli, V. Switz. in Aargau, 2J m. E. Rheinfel •
den. Pop. 1,400.
Mohrin, t. Prussia, in the New Mark of Bran-
denburg, 20 m. N. Custrin. Pop. 1,00©J
Mohringen, t. East Prussia, in Konigsberg, 58
m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 19° 56' E. Lat. 53°
51' N. Pop. 1,900.
Mohurbunge, district. Hind, in Orissa, between
21°and23°N.lat.
Moine. See Des mains.
Moira, t. Ireland, in Downxo. 15 m. S. Antrim.
Moira, r. Up. Canada, which falls into the bay
of Quinte, in Lake Ontario.
Moira, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y.
Moira'' s Sound, inlet on the E. coast of the
Prince of Wales' archipelago, Lon. 228° 21' E.
Lat, 54° 57' N.
Moirans, t. France, in Isere, 15 m. N. N. E. St.
Marcellin, Pop. 2,000.
Moisdon la Riviere, t. France, in Loire Inferi-
eure, 34 m. N. E. Nantes. Pop. 1,800.
Moisi, r. Canada, which runs into the river St.
Lawrence, in lon. 64° 40' W. Lat. 50° 15' N.
Moissac, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on
the Tarn, 18 m. N. W. Montauban.
Morjai^k, t. Eu. Russia, 63 m. W. Moscow. Pop.
470
M O L
4,000, Between Mojaisk and the small tewn of
Ghiatsk, was fought the battle of Borodino. See
Borodino. Lon. 35° 44' E. Lat. 36° 36' N.
Mojos, See Moxos.
Moknan, or Mohannan, v. Egypt, 5 m. S. Gizeh.
Mokonlpore, or Mukkunpore, t. Hind, in Agra,
on the Issah. It contains the mausoleum of a cel-
ebrated Mahometan saint Immense numLc;-s of
Mussulman pilgrims resort to this tomb. Lon. 80°
20' E. Lat. 26° 45' N.
Mohchan, t. Eu, Russia, in Penza, 36 m. W. N.
W. Penza. Lon. 44° 50' E. Lat. 58° 40' N. Pop.
4,100.
Mola, or Mala di Gaefa, t. Naples, in the Terra
di Lavoro, on the Fia Appia, 3 m. N. Gaeta, 37
N.W.Naples. Pop. 2,000.
Mola di Bari, t. Naples, on the Adriatic. It has
a good harbour, 12 m. S. E. Bari. Pop. 7,700.
Mola, V. on the N. E. coast of Sicily, 25 m. S.
"W. Messina.
Molana, small isl. Ireland, in the river Black-
water, 3 m. N. N. W. Youghal.
Molardier,h. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 8 m. N.
E. Chamberry,
Mold, or MovM, t. Wales, in Flintshire, 12 m.
W. Chester, 202 N. W. London. Lon. 3° 8' W.
Lat. 53" 10' N. Pop. 5,083.
Moldau, r. Bohemia, which rises near the moun-
tains that separate that kingdom from Bavaria,
passes by Budweis, Prague, and other places, and
joins the Elbe a little above Melnik.
Moldau, or Moldava, r. which rises in the Car-
pathian mountains, traverses the Austrian prov-
ince of th§ Bukowine, enters the Turkish prov-
ince of Moldavia, to which it gives name, and joins
the Sereth at Roman.
Moldavia, province in the N. E. of Eu. Turkey,
between 26" 16' and 28° 30' E. lon. and 45° 25' and
48° J 3' N. lat. It is bounded E. by Russia, S. by
Turkey, W. by Transylvania, and N. by Austrian
Poland. Its extent, since the cession in 1812 of
its eastern division to Russia, does not exceed
17,000 square miles. The face of the country
consists of undulating plains of great beauty and
vast extent, covered with luxuriant crops of grass.
The other principal products are wheat, barley,
millet, maize ; also wine and tobacco in conside-
rable quantities. Situated between Russia, Aus-
tria, and Turkey, this province becomes, from the
commencement of a war between these powers,
the scene of hostile operations. At the treaty of
Bucharest, in May 1812, the part of Moldavia to
the north of the Pruth, was retained by Russia.
The religion is that of the Greek church. Pop.
about 400,000.
Moldautein, t. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 58 m.
S. Prague. Pop. 2,200.
Moldnisch-Kimpuluug, t. Austrian Poland, 46 m.
S. S. W. Sereth. Pop. 1,200.
Mole, r. Eng. in Surry, which falls into the
Thames opposite Hampton Court, in Middlesex.
Mole, The, a port in the N. W. part of the island
of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E. of Cape St. Nicholas.
Though inferior to Cape Francois and Port an
Prince, it is the first port in the island for safety
in time of war, being strongly fortified both by na-
ture and art. 14 m. S. by W. Jean Rabel, 69 W.
Cape Francois. Lon. 73° 26' W. Lat. l^Sl'N.
Molfeia, or Molfetta, t. Naples, in the Terra di
Bari, on the Adriatic. It is the see of a bi»hop.
8 m. S. E. Trani. Lon. 16° 39' E. Lat. 41" 18' N.
Pop. 11,500.
Moll. See Mohli.
M O M
MoHeres, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garorme, 14
m. N. Montauban, Pop. 2,500.
Molina, t. Spain, in Cuenca, on the Molina,
which falls into the Tagus. 108 m. E. N. E. Mad-
rid, 60 N. N. E. Cuenca. Lon. 2° 1' W. Lat. 41"
8' N. • Pop. 4,400.
Molina, t. Spain, in Murcia, 7 m. N. by W.
Murcia. Pop. 3,200.
Molina d'Arragon, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 57 m.
N. by E. Cuenca.
Moline's Gul, r. on the S. W. side of St. Chris-
topher's, in the W. Indies, with anchorage near its
mouth of from 5 to 10 fathoms.
Molineux Harbour, bay on the S. E. coast of
Tavai Poenammoo, New Zealand. Lon. 189° 50'
W. Lat. 46° 24' S.
Molise, (an. Samnium,) a province of Naples,
surrounded by the provinces of Abruzzo, the Ca-
pitanata, the Principato Ultra, and the Terra
di Lavoro. Extent 1,200 square miles. Pop.
207,000.
Molise, t. Naples, 48 m. N. N. E. Naples.
Molitemo, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 25 m.
N. E. Policastro. Pop. 5,200.
Moll, t. Netherlands, 30 m. E. Antwerp. Pop.
3,800.
Mollen, t. Denmark, 6 m. S. Lubeck. Pop,
1,600.
Molodive, t. Ceylon, 46 m. N. N. E. Trinco*
malee.
Mologa, t. Russia, in Jaroslav, where the river
Mologa falls into the Volga. Lon. 38° 22' E. Lat.
58° N. Pop. 2,000.
Molsen, t. Prussian Saxony, 18 m. S. S. W.
Leipsic.
Molsheim, t. France, 10 m. W. Strasburg. Pop,
2,500.
Molton, South, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 29 m. N.
W. by N. Exeter, 181i W. by S. of London. Pop.
2,739.
Molucca Islands, islands in the E. Indian sea,
first discovered by the Portuguese in 1511. The
term is sometimes applied to all the islands E. of
the Molucca passage, in lon. 126° E. ; but in gen-
eral it is restricted to the Spice islands, namely,
Amboyna, Banda, Ceram, Tcrnate, Tidorc, and
Batchian. These islands are chiefly famous for
the production of spices, particularly nutmegs and
cloves. The Portuguese were the owners of these
islands till they were wrested from them by the
Dutch in 1607. During the late war they were
captured by the English, but are now restored to
the Dutch.
Molwitz, v. Prussian States, 23 m. S. S. W,
Breslau.
Moma, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea in lat. 16° 35' S.
Momapane Lake, lake, Canada, 160 m. N. Que-
bec. Lon. 71° W. Lat. 49° 40' N.
Mombaca, kingdom on the E. coast of Africa,
with a capital of the same name S. of Melinda.
The town was formerly occupied by the Portu
guese ; but they were expelled by the natives in
1631, and it is now rarely if ever visited by Eu-
ropean vessels. Lon. 40° 2' E. Lat. 4° 40' S.
Mom/lot. See Monfalont.
Momorano, t. Austrian States, on the S. coast of
Istria, 28 m. S. S. W. Fiurae.
Mompox, t. New Granada, on the Magdalena,
110 m. S. S. E. Carthagena, and 21 above the
confluence of the Magdalena and the Cauca. Lon.
74°11'W. Lat 9° 19' N.
M O N
^onOi Fal de. See Demona Val.
Mona and Monita, i. e. The Monkey and hit
Cub, 2 islands of the W. Indies, in the middle of
the great passage between Ilispaniola and Porto
Rico.
Monacks, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Monaco, a petty principality in the N. W. of It-
aly, in the Sardinian states, bounded by the coun-
ty of Nice, the duchy of Genoa, and the sea. Ex-
tent, 55 sq. miles. Until 1792, Monaco was gov-
erned by its own princes. In 1815, it was placed
under the sovereignty of the king of Sardinia. Pop.
about 6,000.
Monaco, the capital of the above principality,
f^ on a steep rock, projecting into the sea, 7 ni.
W. of Nice. Pop. 1,200.
Monadnock, a lofty mountain the S. W. corner
of N. H. between Jaffrey and Dublin. Its base is
6 miles from N. to S. and 3 from E. to W. and its
height is 3,254 above the level of the sea. It may
be seen at the distance of 60 miles in almost every
direction.
Monadnock, mt. in the N. E. part of Vt.
Monaghan, co. Ireland, in the province of Ulster,
bounded N. by Tyrone, E. by Armagh, and S. E.
by East-Meath and Louth. Area, 450 sq. miles.
The soil is particularly favourable for flax, and
this is the principal crop. The linen manufacture
flourishes in every quarter of this district.
Moiuighan, the capital of the above county, is
40 m. S; W. Belfast, and 60 N. N. W. Dublin.
Lon. 6° 49' W. Lat. 54° 16' N.
Monaghan, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 725.
Monasteer, s-p. Tunis, Africa, 50 m. S. E. Tunis.
Monaslervan, t. Ireland, in Kildare, on tlie Bar-
row, 32 m. S. W. Dublin.
Monaslier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 12 m. S.
S. E. Le Puy. Pop. 1,800.
Monastir, Toll, or Bistolia, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Macedon, 95 m. W. N. W. Salonica. Pop.
15,000.
Monastirska, v. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, 252 m.
E. S. E. Yeniseisk.
Monat, Point, cape on the E. coast of Gilolo.
Lon. 128° 36' E. Lat. Y 6' N.
Monavar, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. W. Ali-
cant. Pop. 8,000.
Monbellet, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 11m.
N. Macon. Pop. 1,300.
Monbercello, t. Piedmont, 35 m. E. S. E. Turin.
Pop. 2,500.
Monblanc, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 17 m. N. Tar-
agona. Lon. F 15' E. Lat. 47° 22' N. Pop. 3,600.
Monbrun, t. W. Africa, 15 m. S. W. Gouriel.
Monbui, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 18 m. N. Bar-
celona. Pop. 2,000.
Moncada, t. Spain, 7 m. N. W. Valencia. Pop.
1,000.
Moncaglieri, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m. S. Tu-
rin. Pop. 7,300.
Moncalvo, t. Piedmont, in Montferrat, 30 m. E.
Turin. Pop. 3,500.
Moncao, t. Portugal, in Entre-Minho-e-Douro,
on the river Minho. Pop. 1,200.
Moncaras, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Gua-
diana, 4 m. N. N. W. Murao. Pop. 1,500.
Monceau, t. France, in Correze, on the Dor-
dtfgne, 20 m. E. Brives. Pop. 1,500.
Monchaboo, cityof Uie Birman empire, 50 m. N.
ofUmmerapoora. Lon. 96° 20' E. Lat. 22° 46' N'.
Pop. 4,000.
Monchique, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 15 m. W,
SiJve?. Pop. 4,800,
M O N
471
Monclar, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 10
m. E. S. E. Montauban. Pop. 1,000.— Also a town
in Lot-and-Garonne, 10 m. W. N. W. Villeneuve
d'Agen. Pop. 2,000.
Monclova, t. Mexico, cap. of Cohahuila, on the
Rio del Norte, 258 leagues N. Mexico. Lon. 270'*
5' E. Lat. 27" 50' N.
Moncon, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the junction of
the Sofa and Cinca, 25 m. N. W. Lerida.
Moncontour, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 13 m.
S. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,700.
Moncontour, t. France, in Vienne, 26 m. N. N.
W. Poitiers.
Moncooda, Cape, the N. E. point of the island of
Banca. Lon. 105° 53' E. Lat. r28' S.
Moncornet, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. Ver-
vins. Pop. 1,300.
Moncorvo, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, near
the Douro, defended by a castle. 58 m. S. by W.
Braganza. Pop. 1,300.
Moncuq, t. France, in Lot, 12 m. S. W. Cahors.
Pop. 2,000.
Moncivr''s Isles, 3 small islands on the S. coast
of New Holland, 10 m. S. E. Wilson's promon-
tory.
Monda, or Munda, t. Spain, in Granada, 25 m.
W. Malaga.
Mondahu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan-
tic in lon. 40° 46' W. lat. 3" 10' S.
Monday, Cape, cape, S. America, in the straits
of Magellan. Lon. 75" 20' W. Lat. 53° 12' S.
Mondego, r. Portugal, in Beira, which falls intq
the Atlantic at Buarcos.
Mondego, or Embotetieu, r. Paraguay, which
enters the river Paraguay in lat. 20° 30' S.
Mondego, Cape, cape on the W. coast ctf Portu-
gal. Lon^ 8" 53' 9" W. Lat. 40° 12' 6" N.
Mondejar, t. Spain, in New Castile, 30 m. E.
Madrid.
Mondonedo, t. Spain, in Galicia. It is inclosed
with walls, and is the see of a bishop. 75 m. W,
Oviedo, 115 N. W. Leon. Lon. 7° 10' W. Lat. 43"
20' N. Pop. 6,000.
Mondavi, t. Piedmont, cap. of the province of
the same name. It has manufactures- both of
woollen and muslin, as well as tanneries and iron
forges ; but the chief branch of its industry is the
spinning of silk. It is the see of a bishop, and the
seat of several seminaries of education. 15 m. E.
N. E. Coni, 45 S. S. E. Turin. Lon. 7° 56' E. Lat,
44° 24' N. Pop. about 20,000.
Mondragon, t. Spain, in Guipuzcoa, on the De~
va. Near the town is a mine of excellent iron and
native steel. 30 m. S. S. W. St. Sebastian.
Mondragone, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 23
m. N. W. Naples. Pop. 1,800.
Mondrain Island, isl. off the S. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 122° 14' E. Lat. 34° 8' S.
Moneah, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the junction of
the Saone and Ganges. Lon. 84° 56' E. Lat. 25'
38' N.
Moneins, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m.
W. Pau. Pop. 5,200.
Mo7iestier, t. France, in Upper Alps, 9 m. N. Vf .
Briancon. Pop. 2,80Q.
Monestier, t. France, in Tarn, 11 m. N. Alby.
Pop. 1,300.
Moneymore, v. Ireland, in Derry, 25 m. S. E
Londonderry.
Monfalcone, t. Austrian Illyria, on the gulf of
Trieste. Lon. 13° 32' 50' E. Lat. 45° 47' 50" N. Pop.
4t2
M O N
Monfaloiit, or Momjlot, t. Upper Egypt, on the
Nile. Lat. 2T 42' N.
Monfaucon, t. France, in Lot, 8 m. S. E. Gour-
don. Pop. 1,900.
Monjia, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, 100 miles
long, and 8 or 10 broad. Lat. 7° 30' S.
Monflanquin, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne,
19 m. N. Agea. Pop. 5,000.
Monforte, t. Portugal, in Tras-loa-Montes, 33 m.
W. Braganza.
Monforte, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 19 m. S. Por-
talegre.
Mongallou, r. E. Africa, with a country and
town of the same name, on its banks. The mouth
of the river is between Quiloa and Cape Delgado,
in lat. 10° 7' S.
Mongas. See Monjom.
Monghir, or Mongier, district. Hind, in Bahar,
between 26° and 28° N. lat. on the S. side of the
Ganges.
Monghier, properly Moodgo-gheree, fort, Hind,
and cap. of the above district, is on the S.
bank of the Ganges. It was taken by the British
forces in 1763, aftera short siege. Lon. 86° 38' E.
Lat. 25° 23' N.
Mongie, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 25 m. S. E
Clermont. Pop. 1,200.
Mongolia, an extensive region of Central Asia,
lyipg N. and N. W. of China. The country
is traversed by the wandering hordes of that No-
madic race which, under the name of Mongols, or
Moguls, has been so celebrated and formidable in
the annals of Asia. At present, the Mongols
have lost all this widely extended dominion, and
are split into a number of petty states, dependent
on the emperor of China. The proper limits of
Mongolia are, to the E. the country of the Mant-
chous; to the W. the country of the Tartars ; on
the S. it is bounded partly by China, and partly by
Turkistan, and on the N. by Asiatic Russia. Near-
ly the whole of this immense territory consists of
a level plain. The Mongols are only nominally
subject to China ; but the internal government is
entirely carried on by their native princes. Trib-
ute forms the extent of their allegiance. They
profess Shamanism, or the religion of Fo. Be-
sides the Mongols proper, the Kalkas, the Eluths,
and Buriats, are considered as of the same race.
Mongon, isl. on the coast of Peru. Lat. 9°
45' S.
Mongon, Cape, Grand, cape, on the S. coast of
Hispaniola. Lon. 72° 18' W. Lat. 17° 59' N.
Mongon, Cape, Petit, the S. point of Hispanio-
la. Lon. 72° 20' VV. Lat. 17° 57' N.
Mongrande, t. Piedmont, on the road from Ver-
celli to Biella. Pop. 3,200.
Mongrassano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 20
m. N. W. Cosenza.
Monguilkm, t. France, in Gers, 17 m. E. Mont
(le Marsan. Pop. 1,400.
Monhcim, t. Prussian States, in Cleves-and-
l Berg, 9 m. S. S. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,800.
Monh*im, t. Bavaria, 5G ni. N. N. W. Munich.
Pop. 1,400.
Moniac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Lot. Pop. 1,000.
Monikendam, or Monnikeddr.i, *f-p. Netherlands,
on an arm of the Zuyder Zee, 23 m. N. Amster-
dam. Pop. 2,100.
Monishwar, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 25'
E. Lat. 18° 16' N.
Monistrol, t. France, in Upper-Loire. 19 m. N.
E. Le Puy. Pop. 4,000-
M O N
Monistrol, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 m. W. Maa-
resa.
Moniy, r. Brazil, which runs into the bay of
Maranhao, in lon. 45" 29' W. lat. 2° 40' S.
Monjes, small islands in the Spanish Main. Lon,.
70° 40' W. Lat. 12° N.
Monjous, a people inhabiting the interior of
Eastern Africa, about 700 m. N. E. Mosambique.
Monkey Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 89" 35' W. Lat. 16° 25' N.
Monkland, district, Scotland, in Lanarkshire,
divided into New and Old Monkland, on the Clyde,
8 m. E. Glasgow. Pop. 11,000.
Monks corner, p-v. Charleston district, S. C.
Monklon, t. Eng. in Durham, 4 m. E. by N.
Gateshead. Pop. 3,193.
Monkton, t. Annapolis co. Nova Scotia, on the
bason of Annapolis. It contains about 60 fami-
lies.
Monkton, t. "Westmoreland co. New Brunswick.
Monkton, p-t. Addison co. Vt. 23 m. S. Burling-
ton. Pop. 1,248. Porcelain clay is found here,
and attempts are making to manufacture porcelain
ware.
Monkwearmouth-shore, hamlet, Eng. in Dur-
ham, on the Wear. Pop. 4,264.
Monmouth, co. Eng. on the borders of Wales,
one of the smallest in the kingdom, but distin-
guished as a rich agricultural, and a great mining
district. It is bounded S. by the Bristol channel,
N. by Hereford and Brecknock, W. by Glamor-
gan, E. by Gloucester and Hereford. It abounds
with iron and coal. Numerous iron works have
been erected, and within the last century they
have increased in number and extent ^ith singu-
lar rapidity. The principal are those at Blena-
von, Nant-y-Glo, Abercorn, Pontypool,Caerleon,
&c. Extent, 516 sq. miles. Pop. 62,000.
Monmouth, bor. and t. Eng. and cap. of Mon-
mouth CO. at the confluence of the Monnow and
Wye, 21 m. W. by S. Gloucester, 15 N. Chep-
stoAv, 130 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 43' W. Lat.
51° 48' N. Pop. 3,503.
Monmouth, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 17 m. W.
Augusta. Pop. 1,262.
Monmouth, co. N. J. bounded N. W. by Middle-
sex CO. N. by Raritan bay, E- by the Atlantic, and
S. W. by Monmouth co. Pop. 22,150. Chief
town. Freehold.
Monmouth. See Freehold.
Monmouth, Cape, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of St. Se-
bastian's sound.
Monnoir, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana-
da, on the river Sorel, 20 m. E. Montreal.
Monnoye, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 14 m.
N. Tours. Pop. 1,500.
Monoblct, V. France, in Gard, 4 m. N. E. St.
Hippolyte. Pop. 1,100.
Monocasy, r. Md. which joins the Potomac about
50 m. above Georgetown.
Monomuji, or Mimeamay, a territory of Africa,
which, in modern maps, fills all the interval be-
tween Monomotapa and Congo. No such empire,
however, is in existence. All that we know is,
that there is a tribe called Monjous, about 700 m.
N. E. of Mosambique. The extent of their coun-
try is unknown. *
Monongahela, r. which rises at the foot of the
Laurel mountains in Virginia, and, after a course
of 300 miles, unites with the Alleghany at Pitts-
burg, Pa. to form Ohio river. At its mouth it is
nearly 400 yards wide. Here a bridge is throwii
HON
acroas it. The Monongahela is navigable Coy
large boats 60 miles to Brownsville, vphence there
is a turnpike, 72 miles long, to Cumberland, on
the Potomac. Small boats proceed to Tygart's
valley, 200 miles from the mouth of the river.
Monongalia, co. in the N. W. part of Va. Pop.
12,793. Slaves, 361. Chief town, Morgantown.
Monopoli, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, on
the Adriatic. Its principal manufactures are
hempen and cotton stuffs. 26 m. E. S. E. Bari.
Lon. 17° 19' E. Lat. 41" 8' N. Pop. 15,600.
Monpasier, t. France, in Dordogne, 25 m. S. E.
Bergerac. Pop. 1,000.
Monreal, t. Spain, in Navarre, 10 m. S. E. Pam-
plona.
Monreale, t. Sicily, 2 m. W. S. W. Palermo. Pop.
8,000.
Monroe, t. Hancoi^k co. Maine.
Monroe, or Soulhjield, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. 19
m. S. Newburg, 50 N. New York. Pop. 2,570. It
contains 2 churches, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for
Presbyterians. Here are extensive iron works,
called the Augusta works, capable of yielding 200
tons of bar iron yearly.
Monroe, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Monroe, co. Va. adjoining Greenbriar co. Pop.
5,444. Slaves, 376. Chief town, Uniontown. At
the court-house is a post-office.
Monroe. See Fincastle.
Monroe, co. Alabama, on the river Alabama.
Chief town, Burnt corn.
Monroe, p-t. and cap. Overton co. Ten.
Monroe, co. Kentucky.
Monroe, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Chief town,
Woodsfield.
Monroe, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Jef-
ferson.
Monroe, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ham-
ilton.
Monroe, t. Champaign co. Ohio, on Honey
creek, 16 m. fr. Dayton, 12 fr. Springfield.
Monroe, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. N. E. Cam-
bridge.
Monroe, t. Highland co. Ohio.
Monroe, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Monroe, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Cir-
cleville.
Monroe, co. Indiana.
Monroe, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. in
1815, 1,358. Chief town, Harrisonville.
Monroe, co. Michigan Territory.
Monroe, t. and cap. Monroe co. Michigan Ter-
ritory, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S. Detroit.
Monroe, i. Lincoln co. Missouri.
Monroyo, t. Spain, in Arragon, 30 m. W. Tor-
tosa.
Mons, t. Netherlands, cap. of Hainault, on the
Trouille. It is surrounded by an earthen mound
and ditch, and has, since IBl 8, received additional
fortifications, which render it one of the princi-
pal barrier towns against France. It is the only
strong place between Brussels and the Fi'ench
frontier. It has manufactures of woollens, cotton,
linen, and lace ; and its command of coal has led
also to the establishment of iron foundries, along
with works for salt, earthenware, oil, and soap.
It communicates with Paris by the canal of St.
Quentin. 23 m. E. N. E. Valenciennes, 36 S. S.
W. Brussels. Lon. 3° 57' E. Lat. 50" 27' N. Pop.
20,000.
Mons en Pevelle, t France, in North, 6 m. N.
N. E. Douay. Pop, 1,200.
M O N
473
Monsanto, t. Portugal, in Beira, 26 m. E. N. E.
Castel Branco. Pop. 1,000.
Monseag, bay, on the coast of Maine, separated
from Sheepscut river by the island of Jeremy-
squam.
Monsegur, t. France, in Gironde, 32 m. S. E.
Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500.
Monselice, t. Austrian Italy, on a navigable ca-
nal, 10 m. S. S. W. Padua. Pop. 9,000.
Monserrat. See Montserrat.
Monson, p-t. Hamden co. Mass. 14 m. E. Spring-
field. Pop. 1,674.
Monsoria, edifice on the W. coast of Morocco,
erected as a refuge for travellers, 25 m. S. Rabat.
Montabaur, t. Germany, in Nassau, 14 m. E.
Coblentz. Pop. 1,700.
Montagnac, t. France, in Herault, 21 m. W. S.
W. Montpelier. Pop. 2,700.
Montagnana, t. Austrian Italy, 20 m. S. W. Pa-
dua. Pop. 6,200.
Montague, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada.
Montague, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. on the E. side
of Connecticut river, opposite Greenfield, with
which it is connected by a bridge. 18 m, N. North-
ampton, 90 W. Boston. Pop. 934.
Montague, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware.
Pop. 661.
Montague, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Montague, Cape, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.
88" W. Lat. 66" N.
Montague Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of
America, at the W. side of the entrance into Prince
William's sound. Lon. 147" to 148" W. Lat. 59"
50' to 60° 30' N.
Montague'' s Island, small isl. in the Florida
stream. ' Lon. 81" 45' W. Lat. 24° 42' N.
Montagut, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 22 m.
S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,200.
Monfaigu, t. France, in La Vendee, 16 m. S. S.
E.Nantes. Pop. 1,100.
Montaigut, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 28
m. N. W. Montauban. Pop. 4,100.
Montaigut, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 27 m.
W. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,500.
Montalcino, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 45 m. S. S. E.
Florence. Pop. 2,700.
Montalto, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 55
m. N. W. Rome. — It is the name of another town in
the Ecclesiastical state, 40 m. S. Ancona ; and of
one in Naples, in Calabria Citra, 10 m. N. N. W.
Cosenza. Pop. 4,600.
Montalmn, t. Spain, in Arragon, 40 m. S. E.
Daroca.
Montalvao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 108 m. N. E.
Lisbon. Lon. 7° 12' W. Lat. 39" 30' N.
Montanches, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 17 m. N.
Merida.
Mont a Peine, fief, Hertford co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St Lawrence, 7 m. E. Que-
bec.
Montaran Islands, small islands in the Eastern
seas. Lon. 108° 30' E. Lat. 2° 27' S.
Montargis, t. France, in Loiret, 40 m. E. by N.
Orleans. Lon. 2° 48' E. Lat. 48" 59' N. Pop.
6,400.
Moniarin, v. France, in Gard, 12 m. N. Nismes.
Pop. 1,500.
Montarxille, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Canada,
10 m. E. Montreal.
Montastruc, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m.
N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,200.
Montauban. t. France, cap. of Tarn-and-Ga-
60
474
M O N
M O N
ronne, on the Tarn. It is a regular and well
built town. Its celebrated Protestant univer-
sity, suppressed in 1629, was re-established by
by Bonaparte in 1810, and has four professors of
theology. It is here, at Strasburg, and at Gene-
va, that the young clergy of the French Protes-
tant church are educated. The manufactures
consist of silk stuffs and stockings, linen, serge,
and other woollen stuffs. It is tlie see of a bishop,
restored in 1817. 30 m. N. Toulouse. Lon. 1"
20' 45" E. Lat. 44" 0' 55" N. Pop. 24,600.
Montauban, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine,5m.
N. W. Montfort. Pop. 2,800.
Montaud, t. France, in Arriege, 12 m. N. W.
Mirepoix. Pop. 1,300.— Another, in Loire, 9 m.
S. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,600.
Montaudain, t. France, in Mayenne, 18 m. W.
N. W. Mayenne. Pop. 1,500.
Montauk Point, the eastern extremity of Long
island, N. Y. in Easthampton. A light-house was
erected here by the national government, in 1796,
at the expense of $25,000. Lon. 72" W. Lat.
41" 4' N.
MontauU, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. W. S. W.
St. Sever. Pop. 1,500.
Montay, t. Switz. in Valais, 4 m. N. iV. E. St,
Maurice.
Montbarf, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 34 m. N. W.
Dijon. Pop. 2,200.
Montbellet, v. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 11
m. N. Macon. Pop. 1,700.
Monfbelliard, t. France, in Doubs. It has man-
ufactures of cotton stuffs and caps ; also of watch-
es. Pop. 3,700. 10 m. S. S. W. Befort.
Mont-Blanc^ tlie loftiest mountain of Europe,
situated in Savoy, between the vallies of Cha-
mouni and Entreves, in lon. 6" 44' 37" E. Lat. 45"
4r52''N. Its elevation is between 15,000 and
16,000 feet. Tlie following measurements, partly
trigonometrical, partly barometrical, are reckon-
ed the most accurate : by M. Deluc, 15,300 feet
above the level of the sea; sir George Schuck-
burgh, 15,400; M. Pictet, 15,520; M. Saussurc,
15,670 ; M. Tralles, 15,780. I'he view from the
top of Mont-Blanc is immense, extending to a
distance of more than 150 miles around.
Montboissiers, v. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 14
m. S. E. Issoire. Pop. 1,600.
Montbrison, t. Fiance, cap. of Loire, 40 m. S. S.
W. Lyons. Pop. 5,200.
Montbrun, t. France, in Two-Sevres, 6 m. E.
Thouars. Pop. 1,300.
Montcenis, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12
m. S. Autun. Pop. 1,100.
Montcfiamps, t. France, in Calvados, 1 1 m. N.
E. Vire. Pop. 1,600.
Montcoutant, t. France, in Two-Sevres, 20 m.
W. by N. Parthenay. Pop. 1,800.
Mont Dauphin, t. France, in Upper- Alps, 16
m. S. Briancon.
Mont de Marsan, t. France, cap. of Landes,
near the confluence of the Mi and the Douze, 72
m. S. Bourdeaux. Pop. 4,500.
Monldidier, t. France, in Somme, 18 m. S. E,
Amiens. Pop. 4,200.
Mont d'Or, a lofty mountain of France, in Puy-
de-Dome, belonging to the Auvei-gne chain.
Height 6,700 feet. 25 m. S. W. Clermont.
Mont Doiibhau, t. France, in Loir-aud-Cher,
30 m. N. N. W. BloTS. Pop. 1,800.
Montdragon, t. France, in Vauclnse, 11 m. N.
N. W. Orange. Pop. 1,800.
Monte Agudo, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 16 m. N-
E. Medina Cell.
Monte Alegre, t, Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 16
m. W. Chaves.
Montebello, t. Austrian Italy. It was the scene
of an engagement between the French and Aus-
trians in September 1796, 20 m. E. N. E. Verona.
Pop. 1,500.
Montebourg, t. France, in Calvados, 4 m. S. E.
Valognes. Pop. 2,400.
Montecalvo, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10 m.
E. N.E. Benevento. Pop. 4,500.
Monte Caslello, t. Sardinia, on the Tanaro, near
Alessandria.
Monte Castello, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 18 m. W. by N. Spoleto.
Montecchio, t, Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States,
22 m. S. S. W. Ancona.
Montecchio, t. Italy, in Modena, 10 m. S. S. E.
Parma.
Montech, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on
the Garonne, 28 m. N. by W. Toulouse. Pop.
2,300.
Montechiaro, t. Austrian Italy, on the Chiese,
10 m. S. E. Brescia. Pop. 6,000.
Monie Chiaro, t. Piedmont, 10 m. N. by W. Asti.
Pop. 1,900.
Monte Chiarugolo, t. Italy, in Parma, 9 m. S. S.
W. Parma.
Monte Christi, t. Quito, 110 m. N. W. Guya-
quil. Lon. 81" 6' W. Lat. 1" 8.
Monte Christi, cape, bay, and t. on the N. side
of St. Domingo. The cape is in lon. 71° 44' W.
lat. 19" 54' JN'. Pop. of the town, 3,000.
Monte Christi River. See Yaqui.
Monte Christo, isl. near the N. W. coast of Ita-
ly, belonging to Tuscany, 30 m. S. Porto Ferrajo.
Lon. 10" 18' 10"E. Lat. 42" 20' 26" N.
Monlecucoli, t. Italy, 21 m. S. Modena.
Monte del Buchon, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 239" 29' E. Lat. 35° 19' N.
Monte de la Virgine, t. Naples, near Benevento.
Monte Falco, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
12 m. N. by W. Spoleto.
Montefalcone, t. Naples, 18 m. N. E. Molise.
Pop. 2,400.
Montefalcone, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 9
m. N. N. E. Avellino. Pop. 3,600.
Monte- Fiasco7ie, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 50m. N. N. E. Rome. Pop. 3,000.
Monte Filippo, t. Tuscany, near the sea, 4 m
S. E. Orbitello.
Monteforle, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 18 m.
S. S. W. Benevento. Pop. 3,500.
Monte-FoscoH, or Monte-Fusco, i. Naples, in
Principato Ultra, 7 m. S. S. E. Benevento. Pop.
2,700.
Montegaldo, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. N. W. Pa-
dua.
Monleglio, t. Piedmont, 20 m. W. by N. Turin.
Pop. 2,600.
Montego Bay, on the N. coast of Jamaica. Lon,
77°52' W. Lat. 18" 30' xN.
Montego Bay, s-p. Jamaica, on the N. coast.
Lon. 77" 50' W. Lat. 18" 29' N.
Montego Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88" 48' W. Lat. 17" 50' N.
Monte Guasco, or Monte Ciriaco, promontory,
on the E. coast of Italy, near Ancona.
Montegut sur Champeix, t. France, in Puy-de-
Dome, 6 m. S. Clermont Pop. 1,500.
Montejean, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, ou
the Loire. Pop. 1,600.
M O N
Montejo, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 44 m. N. E.
Sgovia. Pop. 1,800.
Monte Leone, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near
the guLf of Eufemia. It was almost entirely over-
thrown by the great earthquake of 1783. It is the
see of a bishop. 12 m. N. N. E. Nicotera, 25 S.
W. Squillace. Pop. 8,000.
Monte Leone, t. Naples, in Priucipato Ultra, 9 m.
N. Benevento. Pop. 2,100.
Montelimart, t. France, in Drome, at the junc-
tion of the Jabron and Roubion, on the left side of
the Rhone, 50 m. N. Avignon, 100 S. Lyons. Pop.
6,400.
Montella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra. Pop.
6,800.
Montellier, t. France, in Dromei, 6 m. E. Va-
lence. Pop. 1,100.
Montellupo, t. Italy, in Tuscany, on the Arno, 1 1
m. W. S. W. Florence.
Montelovez, city. New Spain, in Ion, 103° 30' W.
lat. 26" 34' N. Pop. 3,500.
Monte-maggiore, t. Sicily, 25 m. S. E. Palermo.
Pop. 4,000.
Montemagna, t. Sardinian states, 14 m. S. Ca-
sale. Pop. 2,200.
Montemarano, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 40
m. E. Naples. Pop. 1,800.
Monte Mayor, t. Spain, in Salamanca, 38 m. S.
E. Ciudad Rodrigo.
Montemigliano, or Montmelian, L Sardinian
states, in Savoy, 22 m. N. E. Grenoble. Pop.
1,000.
Montemiletto, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 12
m. E. Benevento. Pop. 2,100.
Monte Milone, t Italy, in the States of the
Church, 5 m. W. S. W. Macerata.
Montemor o JVovo, t. Portugal in Alentejo, 55 m.
E. Lisbon, Lon. 8° 6' W. Lat. 38° 36' N. Pop.
4,000.
Montemor o VeUio, t. Portugal, in Beira, 108 m.
N. bv E. Lisbon. Lon. 8" 33 W. Lat. 40" 7 N.
Pop. 4,000,
Montenach, or Montagny, t. Switz. in Friburg,
2 m. E. Pay erne.
Montenegro, a mountainous district on the W.
frontier of Eu. Turkey, having Albania to the S.
and Herzegovina to the N. Extent, 3,000 square
miles. The inhabitants, amounting to 40,000, are
a rude and uncivilized race, much given so rob-
bery. They bear an extreme hatred to the Turks,
and frequently commit depredations on them.
Though included by the Turks in the pachalic of
Scutari, Montenegro has for more than a century
withdrawn its allegiance.
Monte Negro, or Monte J^eros, district in the N.
part of Syria, bordering on Caramania.
Montenolte, mountain in the N. W. of Italy, 8
m. from the coast, and 20 W. Genoa.
Montepeloso, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 18 m. N.
W. Matera. Pop. 5,800. It is the see of a bishop.
Monte Reale, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18
m. N. N. W. Aciuila.
Montereau-fault Yonne, t. France, in Seine-and-
Marne, at the junction of the Seine and the Yonne,
12 m. N. E. Nemours. Pop. 3,500.
Monterey, t. Spain, in Galicia, 23 m. S. E,
Orense.
Monte-Rossi, t. Ecclesiastical State, half way
between Rome and Viterbo.
Monte Rotondo, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, on the Tiber, 11 m. N. N.E. Rome.
Monterrcyf a bay on the W. coast of N. Ameri-
M O N
475
ca, between Capes Pinos and Anno Nuevo, 22
miles apart. Lat. 36° 36' N.
Montesa, t. Spain, in Valencia, 9 m. W. S. W.
San Felippe. Pop. 800.
Monte St. Giuliano, t. Sicily, in Val di Mazzara,
20 m. S. Trapani. Pop. 6,600.
Montesano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 20 m.
N. N. E. Policastro. Pop. 4,600.
Monte Santo, Gulf of, gulf of the Archipelago,
in Macedon. Mount Athos forms the N. E. side of
the gulf. Lon. of the entrance, 24° 10' E. Lat.
40" N.
Monte Santo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
16 m. S. Ancona.
Montesarchio, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 25
m. E. N. E. Naples. Pop. 5,600.
Monte Scaglioso, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 7 m.
S. xMatera.
Monte Sirica, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 15 m. S.
Minervino.
Montesquiou, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, on
the canal of Languedoc, 16 m. S. S. E. Toulouse.
Pop. 1,500.
Montesquiou, t. France, in Gers, 4 m. W. N. W.
Mirande. Pop. 1,800.
Montesquiou de Folvestre, t. France, in Upper
Garonne, 33 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 2,800,
Montevarchi, t. Tuscany, 25 m. S. E. Florence.
Monteverde, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 50
m. E. N. E. Salerno. Pop. 2,100,
Monte Video, t. S. America, in Buenos Ayres,
on the N. side of the river Plata, in a small bay,
20 leagues W. of Cape Santa Maria, and entirely
walled round. The harbour, although shallow,
and quite open to the western winds, which blow
with incredible fury over the vast plains of the in-
terior, is the best in the Rio de la Plata. The
town occupies the whole of a peninsular promon-
tory, that forms the eastern point of the harbour.
The fortifications are to the north ; they are regu-
lar works, built of stone, inclosing the whole of
tlie peninsula. The chief trade is in hides, tallow,
and dried beef. In 1817, Monte Video was taken
by the Portuguese, who claim the whole country
E. of the Plata. 120 m. E. N. E. Buenos Ayres.
Lon. 56° 14' 30" W. Lat 34° 54' 48" S. Pop. be-
tween 15,000 and 20,000, consisting of Spaniards,
Creoles and slaves.
MoHleux, t. France, in Vaucluse, 9 m. N.E.
Avignon. Pop. 3,300.
Montezuma, v. in Mentz, Cayuga co. N. Y. on
the Erie canal, 12 m. N. W. Auburn, 96 W.
Utica.
Monlfaucon, t. France, in Meuse, 10 m. N. Cler-
mont. Pop. 1,100.
Mnntfancon, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 9 m. S.
E. Monistrol. Pop. 1,300.
Mont-Ferrand, t. France, in Auvergne, 2 m. N.
E. Clermont. Pop. 4,000.
Montferrat, a duchy in the N. of Italy, forming
a part of the Sardinian states, and bounded by
Piedmont, Genoa, and the Milanese. Extent, 900
sq. miles. Pop. 186,000.
Montfcrrir.r, t. France, in Arriege, 9 m. E. N, F*.
Tarascon, Pop. 1,200.
Montfoort, t Netherlands, on the Yssel, 8 m, S.
W. Utrecht. Pop. 1,900,
Monlfort, t. France in Gers, 18 m. N. E. Auch.
Pop. 1,200.
Montfort, t. France, in Landcs, 9 m, S, Tartas,
Pop. 1,400.
Montfort la Canne, t. France, in Ille-and-ViI«
laine, 14 m- W. Renne«. Pop. 1,200.
4t6
M O N
Montfort VAmaury, t. France, in Seine-and-
Oise, 28 m. W. Paris. Pop. 2,700.
Montfriru, t. France, in Gard, 14 m. N.E. Nismes.
Pop. 2,000.
Montgaillard, t. France, in Arriege, 3 m. S. E.
Foix. Fop. 1,000.
Montgaillard, t. France, in Lsindes, 6 m. E. St.
Sever. Pop. 2,400.
Montgiscard, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on
the canal of Languedoc, 12 m. S. S. E. Toulouse.
Pop. 1,000.
Montgomery, a county of Wales, bounded by-
Shropshire on the E. by Merioneth and Cardigan-
shire on the W. Radnorshire on the S. and Den-
bigh and Merioneth on the N. Extent, 492,000
acres, or 768 sq. miles. It is estimated that there
are about 60,000 acres of arable land, 180,000 in
pasture, and about 250,000 in waste, including
woodlands and other plantations. Pop. in 1811,
51,963.
Montgomery, borough, Wales, and cap. of Mont-
gomeryshire, is near the Severn, 26 m. S. W.
Hereford. Lon. 3° 8' W. Lat. 32° 34' N. Pop.
932.
Montgomery, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. 39 m. N. E.
Burlinglon. Pop. 237.
Montgomery, t. Hampden co. Mass. 10 m. W. N.
W. Springfield. Pop. 595.
Montgomery, co. N. Y. on Mohawk river, in-
closed by the counties of Hamilton, Saratoga,
Schenectady, Schoharie, Otsego, and Herkimer.
Pop. 41,906. Chief town, Johnstown.
Montgomery, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W. New-
burg, 12 N. Goshen, 70 fr. New York. Pop. 4,710.
It contains an academy and 8 houses of public
worship.
Montgomery, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 2,282.
Montgomery, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of
Bucks, Philadelphia, Delaware, Chester, and
Berks. Pop. 29,703. Chief town, Norristown.
Montgomery, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. 17 m. N.
Philadelphia. Pop. 580.
Montgomery, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,693.
Montgomery, co. IVId. on the Potomac. Pop.
17,980. Slaves, 7,572. Chief town, Rockville.
At the court-house is a post-office, 15 m. from
Washington.
Montgomery, co. Va. S. of Botetourt co. Pop.
8,409. Slaves, 1,099. Chief town, Christians-
"bui^. At the court-house is a post-office.
Montgomery, co. N. C. Pop. 8,430. Slaves,
1,696. Chief town, Henderson.
Montgomery, co. Geo. on the Oconee, at its
junction with the Oakmulgee. Pep. 2,954. Slaves,
747. Chief town, Vernon.
Montgomei-y, co. Alabama, on Alabama river.
Montgomery, co. Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. Pop. 8,021. Slaves, 2,629. Chief town,
Clarkesville.
Montgomery, co. Ken. on Licking river. Pop.
12,973. Slaves, 1,767. Chief town. Mount Ster-
Montgomery, co. Ohio, on Miami river. Pop. m
1815, 13,735. Chieltown, Dayton.
Montgomery, t. Fninklin co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
1,800. In this township is Columbus, the capital
of the State.
Montgomery, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 14 m. N.E.
Cincinnati.
Montgomery, co. Missouri.
Montgomeryville, p-t. Gibson co. Indiana.
Montguyon^ t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m.
S. E. MonUieu. Pop. 1,300.
M O N
Monthurtux sur Saon,e t. France, in Vosges, on
the Saone, 4 m. S. S. W. Damey. Pop. 1,400.
Monticello, p-v. in Thompson, Sullivan co. N.Y.
38 m. from Newbury, 22 from Delaware river.
Monticello, the seat of the Hon. Thomas Jef-
ferson, late President of the U. States, in Albe-
marle CO. Va. 2 m. S. E. Charlottesville. Lon.
78° 48' W. Lat. 38" 8' N.
Monticello, p-v. Fairfield co. S. C.
Monticello, p-t. and cap. Jasper co. Geo. 32 m.
N. W. MiUedgeville. Here is an academy.
Monticello, p-t. Lawrence co. and cap. of Mis-
sissippi, on Pearl river, 90 m. E. Natchez. Lon.
90° W. Lat 31° 33' N. Its situation is elevated and
healthy.
Monticello, p-t and cap. Wayne co. Ken. about
halfway between Cumberland river and the Ten-
nessee boundary. It contains about 30 houses, a
court-house and church. Lead has been lately
found in the neighbourhood.
Monticello, p-v. Lawrence co. Arkansaw Terri-
tory.
Montier, t. France, in Moselle, 20 m. S. Bar sur
Ornain. Pop. 1,300.
Montier en Der, t. France, in Upper-Mame, 12
m. S. St. Dizier. Pop. 1,500.
Montieri, t. Tuscany, 18 m. S. W. Sienna,
Montignac le Comte, t France, in Dordogne, 21
m. E. S. E. Perigueux. Pop. 2,600.
Montigny, t France, in Somme, 9 m. S. by W.
Montdidier. Pop. 1,000.
Montigny, t. France, in Mayenne, 4 m. from La-
val. Pop. 1,100.
Montigny le Roi, t. France, in Upper Marne, on
the Maese, 15 m. N. E. Langres. Pop. 1,100.
Montijo, t. Spain, in Estremadura, near the Gua-
diana, 15 m. W. Merida. Pop. 3,000.
Mont ilia, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. S. S. E.
Cordova, 53 W. N. W. Granada. Pop. 6,300.
MontiUy, v. France, in Orne, 2 m. S. W. Conde.
Pop. 1,500.
Montils, t. France, in Lower Charente, 5 m. S.
Saintes. Pop. 1,500.
MontivUliers, t. France, in Lower Seine, 6 m. N.
E. Havre. Pop. 4,000.
Monfjoie, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 S.
W. Agen. Pop. 900.
Montjoye, t Prussian States, 16 m. S. S. E. Aix-
la-Chapelle. Pop. 3,200.
Montelhery, t France, in Seine-and-Oise, 15 m.
S.E. Versailles. Pop. 1,500.
Montlouis, t France, in Indre-and-Loire, 3 m.
E. Tours. Pop. 3,000.
Mont Louis, t France, in Upper Pyrenees. It
is regularly built, and has a citadel constructed
by Vauban. 21 m. S. W. Prades. Pop. 1,100.
Montlucon, t. France, in Allier, on the Cher, 53
m. N. N. W. Clermont Pop. 5,700.
Montmarault, t France, in Allier, 22 m. S. W.
Moulins. Pop. 900.
Montmartin en Graigne, i. France, in La Man-
che, 9 m. N. St Lo. Pop. 1,200.
Montmarlre, v. France, immediately to the N.
of Paris, on a hill which commands a great part of
tl.at city. Fop. 1,300.
Montmaur, v. France, in Aude, 6 m. N. W. Cas-
telnaudary. Pop. 1,000.
Montmedy, t France, inMeuse, 22 m. N.Verdun,
30 W. S. W. Luxemburg. Pop. 2,000.
Monlmerle, t France, in Ain, on the Saone, 22
m. S. E. Belleville. Pop. 1,200.
Montmirail, t. France, in Marne, 33 m. S. W.
Chalons sur Marne. This was the scene of an aci
M O N
M O N
477
^on between the French and allies, chiefly Rus-
sians, 12th February 1814.
Montmirail, t. France, in Sarthe, 27 m. S. E.
Mamers. Pop. 800.
Montmorenci, r. Canada, which falls into the St.
Lawrence, about seven miles below Quebec, re-
markable lor its beautiful falls. The river runs
in a very irregular course, through a wild and
thickly wooded country, over a bed of broken
rocks, till it comes to the brink of a precipice,
down which it descends in one uninterrupted and
nearly perpendicular fall of 240 feet. The breadth
of the river at the top, from bank to bank, is only
about 30 feet.
Montmorency, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 8 m.
N. Paris. Pop. 1,800.
Montmorency, t. France, in Aube, 23 m. N.
Troves. Pop. 1,600.
Monimorillon, t. France, in La Vienne, 246 m. S.
W.Paris. Pop. 4,400.
Montoire, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 30 m.
W. Nantes. Pop. 3,200.
Montoire, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on the
Loir, 9 m. S. W. Vendome. Pop. 2,300.
Montolieu, t, France, in Aude, 8 m. N. W. Car-
cassonne. Pop. 1,500.
Montana, t. Austrian States, in Istria, 22 m. S.
by E. Trieste. Pop. 1,000.
Montoro, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Gua-
dalquivir, 15 m. E. Andujar. Pop. 4,000.
Montoumois,t. France, in La Vendee, 17 m. N.
Fontenay. Pop. 1,800.
Montpelier, a large and ancient t. in the south of
France, cap. of Herault, between the rivers Mas-
son and Lez. The squares are numerous, but none
are spacious or elegant. The Place du Peyron is
outside of the town, and is said to be the finest pub-
lic walk in Europe. The view enjoyed from it
extends to the S. W. as far as the Pyrenees. Wa-
ter is conveyed to the town from a distance of three
leagues by a magnificent Roman aqueduct, com-
posed of three rows of arches. Montpelier has
long been the seat of a celebrated university, par-
ticularly famous for its school of medicine. This
still subsists under the name of an academy. The
principal trade is in wine. A brisk trade is also
carried on in verdigris, which is manufactured
here in immense quantities. 32 m. W. S. W. Nis-
mes, 100 W. N. W. Marseilles. Lon, 2^ 52' E.
Lat. 43" 36' N. Pop. 33,000.
^ Montpelier, p-t. Washington co. Vermont, and
capital of (he State, is on the N. side of Onion riv-
er, 34 m. E. S. E. Burlington, 56 N. N. W. Wind-
sor, 120 S. E. Montreal, 160 N. W. Boston. Lon.
72° 40' W. Lat. 44" 17' N. It is surrounded by
hills, but is a great thoroughfare, the travel going
through it in all directions. It contains a state-
house, court-house, jail, academy, and in 1810,
1,877 inhabitants.
Montpelier, the seat of the Hon. James Madi-
son, late President of the U. States, in Orange co.
Va. 20 m. N. E, IVlonticello.
Montpelier, p-v. Richmond co. N. C.
Mont-Perdu, a very lofty mountain in the Py-
renees, on the frontier between France and Spain,
It has a double summit, of which the higher is com-
puted at 10,700 feet, the second at 10,40(>,
Montpeyroux, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. E. S.
E. Lodeve. Pop. 3,000.
Montpezat, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 14
m. N . N. E. Montauban. Pop. 2,700.
Montpezat, t. France, in Ardeche, 22 m. W. Pri-
vafl. Pop. 2,400,
Montpincon, t. France, in La Manche, 6 m. E.
Coutances. Pop. 2,400.
Montpont, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 8 m.
S. S. W . Louhans. Pop. 2,200.
Montport, t. France, in Dordogne, 30 m. S. W.
Perigeux. Pop. 1,300.
Mont Pulciano, t. Tuscany. It is the see of a
bishop. The wine made here is accounted the
best in Tuscany. 50 m. S. S. E. Florence. Pop.
7,300.
Montreal, t. France, in Aude, 9 m. W. Carcas-
sonne. Pop. 3,200.
Montreal, t France, in Gers, 7 m. W. Condom.
Pop. 1,800.
Montreal, t. Spain, in Arragon, 26 m. N. Alba-
racin.
Montreal, t. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the
island of Montreal, in the river St. Lawrence, the
second town of tlie province in size, but the
first in commercial importance. The houses are,
for the most part, built of a greyish st<*he, many of
them large, handsome, and in a modern style.
Sheet iron or tin is the universal covering of the
roofs. Among the public institutions, are the Ho-
tel Dieu, established in 1644, for the purpose of
administering relief to the destitute sick, and con-
ducted by a superior and 36 nuns, who attend and
nurse the patients ; the convent of Notre Dame,
composed of a superior and 60 sisters, for the in-
struction of females in all the necessary branches
of their education ; the general hospital, or con-
vent of the Grey Sisters, a refuge for invalids and
the aged poor. The cathedral church in the Place
d'Armes, is alarge substantial stone building, in
which no great taste is displayed, the height not
being in due proportion.
The seminary of St. Sulpice is a very respectable
institution, established by the French in 1657 ; it
has several able professors, and a considerable
number of students. A new college has been re-
cently erected, as an appendage to the seminary,
at an expense of more than 10,tKX);. There is no
English college in Canada, but a foundation for one
has been laid by the Hon. James M'Gill, who died
in 1814, and bequeathed 10,000/. beside? a hand-
some real estate, for endowing a college, provided
it should be erected within 10 years. The court-
house in Notre Dame-street, is a plain handsome
building. At the upper end of the new market
place is a handsome monument erected in honour
of lord Nelson.
Montreal is the grand depot of the N. W. com-
pany, whose fur trade is of vast extent and impor-
tance. It is also the channel through which is car-
ried on the commerce between Canada and the
United States. The harbour is not large, but al-
ways secure for shipping. The general depth of
the water is from 3 to 4^ fathoms, with very good
anchorage every where between the Market-gate
island and the shore. The greatest disadvantage
to this harbour is the rapid of St. Mary, about a
mile below it, whose current is so powerful, that
without a strong north-easterly wind, ships cannot
stem it, and are sometimes detained even for
"Weeks, about two miles only from the place where
they are to deliver their freight. This town was
taken by the English, under the command of Gen.
Amherst, in the year 1760. In 1775, it was taken
by the Americans, under Gen. Montgomery, but
soon after evacuated. 120 m. S. W . Quebec, 220
N. by W. Boston, 286 N. E. Niagara. Lon. 73°
35' W. Lat. 45° 31' N. Pop- in 181.^, 15,000, and
in 1 820, estimated at 20,000.
/
478
M O N
Montreal, isl. Lower Canada, at the confluenct
of the Grand or Ottawa river with the St. Law-
rence. It forms the county of Montreal, and is of
a triangular shape, 32 miles long- by 10^ broad.
The riviere de Prairie separates it on the N. W.
from the Isle Jesus. The soil is highly productive in
grain of every species, vegetables and fruits of va-
rious kinds.
Montreal, a district of Lower Canada, bounded
N. E. by the district of Three Rivers, S. by the
states of New- York and Vermont, S. W. by Upper
Canada and the Grand or Ottawa river. It con-
tains the counties of York, Effingham, Leinster,
Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surry, Bedford,
Richelieu, and Montreal.
Montreal Bay, bay, Canada, on the E. side of
Lake Superior'. Lon. 84° 50' W. Lat. 47" 10' N.
Montreal, r. N. W. Territory, which flows into
Lake Superior, 63 m. W. of the mouth of the On-
tanagon. It interlocks with the Chippeway, a
branch of the Mississippi ; but the connexion is
interrupted by long portages.
Montredon, t. France, in Tarn, 28 m. S. E. Cas-
tres. Pop. 2,500.
Montrejeau, t France, in Upper Garonne, at
the conflux of the Neste and Garonne, 9 m. E. St.
Gaudens. Pop. 2,600.
Montrevaux, t. France, in Mainc-and-Loire, on
the Loire, 13 m. N. N. W. ChoUet. Pop. 1,000.
Montrevel, t. France, in Ain, 12m. N. W. Bourg.
Pop. 1,300.
Montr euil, t. Fi-ance, 20 m. S. E. Boulogne. Pop.
3,400.
Montreuil, t. France, 6 m. E. Paris. Pop.
3,200.
Montreuil Bellay, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
12 m. S. W. Saumur. Pop. 1,600.
Montreuil hors Virojlay, v. France, in Seine-
and-Oise, near Versailles. Pop. 1,700.
Montreux, v. Swiss canton of Vaud, 4 m. E. Ve-
vay.
Montrichard, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on
the Cher, 15 m. S. Blois. Pop. 1,800.
Montricoux, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne,
15 m. E. by N. xMontauban. Pop. 1,300.
Montrigaud, t. France, in Drome, 12 m. N. N.
£. Romans. Pop. 1,400.
Montrol Savart, t. France, inCharente, 14 m. E.
Confolens. Pop. 3,400.
Montrose, a royal burgh and seaport, Scotland,
near the mouth of the South Esk, on a flat sandy
peninsula, formed by the river and the German
ocean. The harbour of Montrose is very deep and
commodious, and fine quays have been lately erect-
ed. In 1819, the amount of registered shipping at
this custom-house was 147 vessels, 12,058 tons,
and 900 men. These are chiefly employed in the
coasting and Baltic trade, and several in the whale
fishery. The principal manufacture is linen ; and
the sheeting and sailcloth manufactures are car-
ried on to a great extent. The salmon fishing has
long been carried on ; and of late years that of cod
has greatly increased. But the most important
branch of the export trade of Montrose is corn. 12
m. N. Arbroath, and 37 S. Aberdeen. Lon. 2° 10'
W. Lat. 56" 34' N. Pop. 8,000.
Montrose, p-t. and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa.
Montrose^ t. Cumberland co. iV. C.
Montrottitr, t. France, in Rhone, 17 m. W. Ly-
ons. Pop. 1,600.
Montrouis, t. St. Domingo, at the head of the
Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues S. E. St Mark, 15
N. W. of Port &u Prince.
MOO
Monts, t. Frahce,"^n Loir-and-Cher, 6 m. S. L
Bios. Pop. 1,700.
Mont St. Jean, hamlet, Netherlands, very near
the scene of the battle of Waterloo.
Mont St. Jean, L France, in Sarthe, on the
Sarthe, 9 m. E. Beaumont le Vicomte. Pop.
2,000.
Mont St. Michel, v. France, in la Manche, 6 m.
S. W. Avranches. Lon. 1° 30' 25" W. Lat. 48"
38" 14' N. Pop. 250.
Mont St. Sulpice, v. France, in Yonne, 6 ra. S.
W. S4. Florentine. Pop. 1,000.
Montsauthe, t. France, in Nievre, 14 m. N. E.
Chateau-Chinon. Pop. 1,300.
Montsatigeon, t. France, in Upper Marne, 17
m. S. Langres.
Montserral, or Monserrat, a great mountain of
Spain, in Catalonia, remarkable for its hermitag-
es, and a rich monastery of Benedictines. It is
about 24 miles in circumference, and consists of
an assemblage of conical hills, rising above each
other, and attaining a height of more than 3,000
feet above the level of the sea. 28 m. N. W^. Bar-
celona.
Montserrat, isl. West Indies, 9 miles long, and
containing 30,0(K) acres, of which almost two-
thirds are very mountainous, or very barren. It
belongs to the English, and contains 1 1,000 inhab-
itants, of whom 10,000 are blacks. As to its cli-
mate, soil, animals, and commerce, it resembles
the other English Carribee islands. Lon. 61" 6'
W. Lat. 16" 45' N.
Montsestin, t. Piedmont, 3 m. S. E. Crescentino,
3 E. Verua.
Mont Severoux, v. France, in Isere, 9 m. S. E.
Vienne.
Montsoreau, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on
the Loire, 14 m. E. S. E. Saumur. Pop. 800.
Montville, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. E.
Wiscasset. Pop. 864.
Montville, t. New-London co. Ct. on the W.
bank of the Thames, 7 m. above its mouth, 35 fr.
Hartford. Pop. 2,187. It contains 3 houses for
public worship.
Montuosa, small isl. in the Pacific, near the coast
of Mexico. Lon. 83" 36' W. Lat. 8" 15' N.
Monument, bay on the E. coast of Massachusetts
bay, in Plymouth county.
Moni/oro-kerek, or Ebraun, t. Hungary, 76 m.
S. Vienna.
Monza, anciently Modoetia, t. Austrian Italy,
on the Lambro. One of its churches contains,
among other curiosities, the iron crown of the
kingdom of Lombardy. Charlemagne was crown-
ed here with it in 774. Bonaparte followed this
example in 1805. 8 m. W. Milan. Pop. 10,600.
Monzanibano, t. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio.
14 m. N. N. W. Mantua.
Monzingen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Homburg, 14
m. W. Creutznach. Pop. 800.
Monson, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Cinca, 8
m. S. Barbastro. Pop. 3,200.
Moodgul, district. Hind, in Bejapore, between
16" and 17" N. lat. and on the S. side of the Krish-
na river, belonging to the Nizam.
Moodiis, small r. Middlesex co. Ct. which flows
into Salmon river. About 2 miles from its source
is a perpendicular fall of 70 feet.
Mooers, t. Clinton co. N. Y. bordering on Cana-
da. Pop. 311.
Mooltan, or Moultan, a province of Hind, be-
tween 28" and 31" N. lat. bounded N. by Lahore
MOO
and Afghanistan, W, by Baloochistan, S. by Aj-
meer and Sinde, and E. by Lahore and Ajmeer.
The northern and eastern districts of this province
are extremely fertile, being watered by the rivers
of the Punjab. To the we3t of the Indus it is
sterile. The nabob of Mooltan is obliged to pay
tribute to the Afghans, Seiks, and rulers of Sinde.
The population consists of Afghans, Jats, and oth-
er Hindoo tribes.
Mooltan, the capital of the above-mentioned
province, is about 4 m. S. E. of the Chenab, or
Acesinies river. It is surrounded by a fine wall,
forty feet high, with towers at regular distances,
and four miles in circumference. It is famous for
its silks and carpets. Here are 2 tombs of Ma-
hometan saints, which are visited annually by ma-
ny thousands of pilgrims from all parts of India.
Lon. 71° 19' E. Lat. SO** 35' N.
Moon, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,622.
Moon, Mountains of the. See Kumri, Gebel.
Moor, t. Hungary, 15 m. N. N. W. Stuhl-Weis-
scmberg. Pop. 2,500.
Moorburg, v. Germany, 6 m. S. W. Hamburg,
on the opposite bank of the Elbe. Pop. 1,650.
Moordreght, v. Netherlands, 9 m. N. E. Rotter-
dam. Pop. 1,600.
Moore, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,108.
Moore, co. N. C. Pop. 6,367. Slaves, 944. Chief
town, Alfordstown. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Mooreland, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,692.
Mooresborough, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C.
Mooresfield, or Moorestown, p-t. Burlington co.
N. J. 13 m. E. Philadelphia.
Moorjield, p-v. Nicholas co. Ken.
MoorJield,v. Harrison co. Ohio, Hi m. S. W.
Cadiz.
Moorjield, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 615.
Moorjields, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va. on the S.
branch of the Potomac, 25 m. S. S. W. Romney,
180 N. W. Richmond.
Moorghur, t. Hind, in Bejapore, 15 m. N. W.
Darwar.
Moorja, t. Africa, in Bambarra, 130 m. E. Sego.
Moorley, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89" 15' PJ.
Lat. 23'' 7' N.
Moorleydurserai, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78" 40'
E. Lat. 27" I' N.
Moorsan, fort. Hind, in Agra, 10 m. W. by S.
Hatrass.
Moorsburg, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten.
Moorsele,v. Netherlands, 14 m, E. Ypres, 26 S.
Bruges. Pop. 3,900.
Moorshudabad, city, Bengal, and formerly capi-
tal of that province, is on the E. bank of the Bha-
girutty river, about 120 miles above Calcutta.
This town is still the residence of the nabob of Ben-
gal, and also of the British civil establishment.
It carries on a very considerable trade, principal-
ly in silk, both raw and manufactured. Lon. 89°
IS'E. Lat. 24° 11' N.
Moorslede, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8
m. N. E. Ypres, 22 S. by W. Bruges. Pop. 5,000.
Moose, isl. on the coast of Maine, in Passama-
quoddy bay.
Moose, small r. Lower Canada. It is one of the
head waters of the St. Francis.
Moose, r. N. H. which joins the Androscoggin,
in Durand.
Moose, r. N. Y. which runs into the E. side of
Black river.
M O R
470
Moosehead, lake, Maine, the source of the E.
branch of Kennebeck river. It is about 25 milefl
long, and 15 broad.
Moosehillock, mt. N. H. in Coventry. Accord-
ing to the measurement made by Capt. Partridge,
the N. peak is 4,636 feet above the level of the
sea.
Moosers, p-v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Moosso, t. S. Africa, N. of Leetakoo, said to
contain from 10 to 12,000 inhabitants.
Moosup, r. which rises in R. I. and joins the
Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Ct.
Mootapilly, t. Hind, in Guntoor, at the mouth of
a river which falls into the bay of Bengal. Lon.
80°10'E. Lat. 15°35'N.
Mooiypolliam, t. India, 5 m. S. Cuddalore.
Mopeha. See Howe's Island.
MoquehvM, a province of Peru. Moquehua,
the capital, is at the foot of the Andes, 70 m. S.
Arequipa. Lon. 70" 48' W. Lat. 17" 13' S. Pop.
6,000.
Moqueson gap, p-v. Scott co. Va.
Mora, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S. W. Alba. Pop.
2,800.
Mora, r. Germany, which falls into the Oppa,
near Troppau.
Mora, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m. E. S. E,
Toledo.
Mora, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 23 m.
N. Tortosa.
Morad, r. .\rmenia, which rises in about 38° 40'
N. lat. and 43" 30' E. lon. and flowing westward,
joins the N. branch of the Euphrates, near Keb-
ban, in Mount Taurus.
Moradabad, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 78" 46' E,
Lat. 28° 52' N.
Moradabad, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° 28' E.
Lat. 26" 40' N.
Morainville, v. France, in Calvados, 1 1 m. E.
by N. Lisieux. Pop. 1,000.
Moraisa, s-p. Africa, 24 m. E. S. E. Tunis.
Morales, t. New Granada, on the Rio Magda-
lena. Lat. 8" 15' N.
Moranne, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the
Sarthe, 5 m. N. Chateauneuf. Pop. 1,900.
Morano, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 5 m. W. N. W.
Casale.
Morant Bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon.
76" W. Lat. 17" 54' N.
Morant Point, or East Point, cape, on the E.
coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75° 52' W. Lat. 17*
66' N.
Morant Keys, or Ranas, small islands in the
Carribbean sea, 36 m. S. E. Jamaica. Lon. 75"
40' W. Lat. 17" 35' N.
Moraria, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0" 1' W. Lat. 38° 40' N.
Moral. See Murten.
Moratalla, t. Spain, in Murcia, 50 m. W. N. W.
Murcia. Pop. 6,000.
Morara, or The March, r. Austrian states, which
rises in the mountains between Bohemia and Mo-
ravia, and falls into the Danube above Presburg.
Morava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 40 ra. N.
N. W. Nizza.
Moravia, a province of the Austrian empire,
bounded E. by Hungary, S. by Austria proper, N.
and W. by Bohemia. Including Austrian Silesia.
which is now annexed to it, it contains 12,122 sq.
miles, and 1,688,252 inhabitants. Of these, 1,840
sq. miles, and 347,000 inhabitants, belong to Sile-
sia, The soil of Moravia is, in general, of great
480
M O R
M O R
fertility, particularly in the south. Little corn,
however, is raised for exportation. Flax is culti-
vated in considerable quantities. In certain fa-
vourable situations, the soil and climate are well
adapted to the grape. The most productive mines
are those of iron and lead. The inhabitants are
of three races ; Germans, Sclavonians, and Jews.
The latter amount to only 30,000. The Roman
Catholic religion is the most prevalent. The Pro-
testants were formerly numerous, but being per-
secuted, were compelled to emigrate, and, when
Joseph II. proclaimed liberty of worship, the
remaining Protestants were found to be only
12,000 Calvinists, and 11,000 Lutherans. Mora-
via has, like the other provinces of the Austrian
empire, an assembly of states or representatives,
but their influence is little more than nominal.
This province has recently made a very consider-
able progress in manufactures. Woollen, linen,
and cotton goods are all made here on a large
scale. Machinery on the English plan has of late
come into extensive use.
Moravicsa, v. Austrian states, 32 m. E. Fiume.
Pop. 1,250.
Moraua, large r. in the N. W. of Eu. Turkey,
which falls into the Danube, considerably to the
east of Belgrade.
Morayshire, or Elginshire, co. Scotland, bound-
ed N. by the Moray frith, E. and S. E. by Banff-
shire, S. W. by Inverness-shire, and W. by Inver-
ness and Nairn. It is 42 miles long, and about 20
broad.
Moray, or Murray Frith, a large inlet of the
German ocean, on the E. coast of Scotland.
Morbegno, or Morten, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. S.
by E. Chiavenna, 26 N. Bergamo. Pop. 2,400.
Morbeke, v. Netherlands, 12 m. N. Ghent. Pop.
2,300.
Morbihan, a department in the N. W. of France.
Extent, 2,800 sq. miles. Pop. 403,500. Vannes
is the capital.
Morcone, t. Naples, 19 m. S. S. E. Molise. Pop.
4,600.
■ Mordelles, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 9 m.
W. Rennes. Pop. 2,300.
Mordy, t. Poland, 10 m. E. by N. Siedlec.
Mordyk, or Motrdyk, v. Netherlands, in North
Brabant, 4 m. N. E. Klundert, 10 N. N.W. Breda.
Morea, the ancient Peloponnesus, an extensive
peninsula of Eu. Turkey, united to the rest of
Greece by a narrow neck of land called the isth-
mus of Corinth. Extent, 13,500 sq. miles. The
coast abounds with fine bays and harbors. The
interior still presents to the eye of the traveller
the same picturesque beauty, the same fertility
of soil and mildness of climate, for which it was
remarkable in the days of ancient Greece. The
general aspect of the country is mountainous ; but
its surface is intersected by a number of beautiful
plains and extensive vallies. The trade is incon-
siderable, the total exports not exceeding in value
300,000/. They consist chiefly of corn, wine, oil,
cheese, but particularly of currants, of which about
80,000 cwt. are said to be shipped annually. The
population is about 400,000. Of these, four-fifths
are Greeks, and the remainder Turks, Albanians,
and foreigners.
Moreau, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
16 m. N. E. Ballstou-spa, 50 N. Albany. Pop.
1,347. It is at the great bend of the Hudson, and
here are t%vo falls io the river. Bakers falls and
Glenns falls.
Moreau, r. Missouri, which runs into the S. W.
side of the Missouri.
Morebat, s-p. on the S. coast of Arabia. Lon.
55° 4' E. Lat. 17»N.
Moree, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 10 m. N.
Vendome, 20 N. Blois. Pop. 1,000.
Moreland, t. New Madrid co. Missouri.
Morell, or Moril, t. Swiss canton of the Valais,
near the Rhone, 5 m. N. E. Brieg.
Morella, t. Spain, in Valencia, 33 m. W. N. W.
Peniscola, 33 W. S. W. Tortosa.
Morena, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
tlie N. E. point of the island of Candia.
Morena, Sierra,{Montes Mariayia,) a well known
mountain chain, extending along great part of the
south of Spain and Portugal, and separating the
two great vallies which contain the rivers Gua-
diana and Guadalquiver. It begins near the E.
border of La Mancha, and running W. termin-
ates in Cape St. Vincent on the Atlantic.
Moret, t. France, in Seine -and-Marne, 12 m. S.
E. Melun. Pop. 1,700.
Moreton, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river,
7 m. W. Montpelier. Pop. 405.
Moreton Hampstead, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14
m. S. W. Exeter, 185 W. by S. London. Lon. 3"
45' W. Lat. 3° 40' N. Pop. 1,653.
Moreton in the Marsh, v. Eng. in Gloucester, 30
m. E. Worcester, 82 N. W. London. Pop. 938.
Moreton, Cape, on the E. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 153° 26i' E. Lat. 27° Oh' S.
Moretta, t. Piedmont, 20 m. W. Alba, 22 S. Tu-
rin. Pop. 5,200.
Moreuil, t. France, in Sorame, 9 m. N. W. Mont-
didier, 12 S. E. Amiens. Pop. 1,500.
Morey, t. France, in Jura, 10 m. N. N. E. St.
Claude. Pop. 1,300.
Morga. See Murghab.
Morgan, t. Orleans co. Vt. 52 m. N. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 135.
Morgan, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,622.
Morgan, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 8,369.
Slaves, 2,414. Chief town, Madison.
Morgan, co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Chief
town, Mac Connelsville.
Morgan, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Morgan, t Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. S. W. Hamil
ton,
Morgan, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 11 m. N. Gallipoli-
Morgan, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 388.
Morganjield, p-t. and cap. Union co. Ken.
Morgans, \)-v. Muhlenburg co. Ken.
Morgan''s Island, small isl. New Holland, in
the gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 136° 9i' £. Lat.
13° 27i' S.
Morgansville, p-v. Nottaway co. Va.
Morgantown, p-t. Berks co. Va.
Morgantoivn, p-t. and cap. Monongalia co. Va.
on the Monongahela, 30 m. fr. Brownsville, 76 fr.
Cumberland. Pop. about 500. It contains a
court-house and jail, and 60 or 70 houses.
Morgantown, p-v. Burke co. N. C. on the Cata-
baw, 45 m. fr. Wilkes, AQ fr. Lincolnton.
Morgantown, p-t. Blount co. Ten.
Morgantown, p-t. Butler co. Ken.
Morga?itown, t. Clinton co. Ohio.
Morgarten, mt. Switz. in the cantons of Schweitz
and Zug, known as the scene of the most cele-
brated efforts of the Swiss ia defence of their
liberties.
Morgenstem, v. Bohemia, 56 m. N. E. Prague.
Pop. 1,900.
jM o r
Marges, t. Switz. in the canton of Vaud, on the
iake of Geneva, 6 m. W. Lausanne, 23 N. E. Ge-
neva. Lon. 6° 30' E. Lat. 46" SV N.
MorgesUd, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 17
m. E, by S. Breda. Pop. 1, 100.
Morginaivcd, t. France, in Oise, 6 m. S. E.
Conipiegnc. Pop. 1,100.
Moriak, Mount, in Sac. Geog. hill in Jerusalem
on which the temple stood.
Moriah, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake Champlain,
between Elizabethtown and Crown point. Pop.
584.
Moricre, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m. fr. Avig-
non. Pop. 1,700.
Mories, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Pihone, 14
m. E. S. E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,6(X).
Morin, r. France, in Seine-and-Marne, which
runs into the Marae below Meaux.
Moringen, t. Hanover, 10 m. N. N. W. Gottin-
gen. Pop. 1,800.
Morkowilz, t. Moravia, 21 m. S. Olmutz. Pop.
1,000
Morlaas, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 7 m. E.
N. E. Pau. Pop. 1,700.
Morlackia, a district belonging: partly to Tur-
key, and partly to Austria. It lies between Dal-
matia and Croatia, and forms part of these prov-
inces. Its inhabitants are an uncivilized tribe.
Morlaix, t. France, in Finisterre, 5 m. trom the
sea, on the small river Morlaix, which forms a
harbour, and by which vessels of 100 tons can
come up to the town at high water. 34 m. E. N.
E. Brest. Lon. 3° 45' W. Lat. 48° 34' N. Pop.
10,000.
Morlane, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 12 m.
N. Pau. Pop. 1,000.
Morley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. VV. Leeds.
Pop. 2,457.
Mormant, t. France, in Scinc-and-Marne, 6 m.
E. N. E. Melun. Pop. 1,000.
Mormoiron, t. France, in Vaucluse, 6 m. E.
Carpentras, 22 N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,600.
Mornant, t. France, in Rhone, 10 m. S. S.W. Ly-
ons, 16 N. E. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,000.
Mornas, t. France, in Vaucluse, 9 m. N. N. W.
Orange. Pop. 1,500.
Morne au Diable, cape on the W. coast of His-
paniola. Lon. 72'' 47' W. Lat. 19" 12' N.
Morninglon Isle, isl. off the N. coast of New
Holland, at the head of the gulf of Carpentaria,
Lon. 139° 49' E. Lat. 16° 32' S.
Morocco, an emjiire in the N. W. of Africa, ex-
tending on the coast from Algiers to the Sahara or
Great Desert ; bounded N. by the Mediterranean,
E. by Algiers and Bilednlgerid, S. by the Great
Desert, and W. by the Atlantic. It comprehends
the former small kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Ta-
rudant, and Tafilet. It is traversed through its
whole extent by the great chain of Atlas, which
runs parallel to the coast, leaving between itself
and the sea a plain 400 or 500 miles long, and from
50 to 100 broad. This plain comprises all the fer-
tile and populous part of Morocco. The country
beyond the Atlas, though at first abounding in
dates and affording good pastun-ige, becomes grad-
ually more and more barren, till all vegetation is
lost in the wide expanse of the Sahara.
The population has been variously estimated
from 5 millions to nearly 1 5 millions. Mr. Jackson
states it from the imperial register at 14,986,000,
but this is believed to be extravagant. The in-
habitants consist of Moors, Arabs, Brebers apd
J ews. The Moors are the nding people, and con-
61
M O R
481
stitute the mass of population in all the cities.
The Arabs wander with their flocks and herds in
the interior districts on the borders of the desert.
The Brebers are the descendants of the ancient
natives, and occupy the rocks and secluded val-
lies of the Atlas, where they are almost indepen-
dent, and often break out in rebellion, rushing
down upon the plain, and sometimes carrying their
arms even to the gates of the capital. The Jews
are the principal merchants, and are continually
insulted and most cruelly oppressed by the Moors.
The government of iViorocco is the most abso-
lute despotism on the face of the earth. There is
no check whatever upon the will of the sovereign.
Life and property are disposed of according to ttie
caprice of the moment. Some of the monarchs
have even considered an adherence to their en-
gagements as an unlawful check upon their pow-
er. " Takest thou me for an infidel," said one of
them to a foreigner, " that I must be the slave of
my word," The army consists of about 36,000
men, of whom 24,000 are negro mercenaries, and
12,000 Moorish cavalry.
The commerce of Morocco with Europe is al-
most wholly carried on from the port of Mogodor.
The inland trade consists chiefly of that carried on
across the Great Desert, to Soudan and Tombuc-
too.
Morocco, called by the natives Marakasch, a city
of the above empire, which, being the most usual
residence of the sovereign, is considered the cap-
ital, though in magnitude and population it does
not equal Fez. It was founded in 1052, and in the
following century, under the reign of Ali Ben Yu-
suf, it was in its highest prosperity, and has been
represented as containing a million inhabitants.
It is now much depopulated, and covered with the
accumulated ruins of houses and gardens : nor is
the population estimated by the most intelligent
travellers at more than 30,000. It still retains
vestiges, however, of its former grandeur. The
temples, sanctuaries and mosques are very nume-
rous ; and some of the latter are particularly lofty
andsplendid. The walls are in good repair, having
been strengthened, previous to the siege, by Mu-
ley Yezid, in 1792. Lon. T W. Lat. 30° 57' N.
Morokinne, or Morotrnnee, one of the small
Sandwich islands, between the S. W. coast of
Mowee, and the island of Tahoorowa. Lon. 233°
31' E. Lat. 20" 37' N.
Moro7i, t. Spain, 33 m. E. S. E. Seville, 65 S. by
W. Cordova.
Morona, r. Quito, which enters the Amazons, 41
m. S. by E. San Borja, in lat. 4° 38' 30" S.
Moroioi, or Morokoi, one of the Sandwich isl-
ands, 40 miles long and 7 broad, 10 m. W. N. W,
Mowee. Lon. 158" W. Lat. 21° 10' N.
Morozzo, t. Piedmont, 12 m. N. E. Coni.
Morpelh, thorough and t. England, in Northum-
berland CO. on the VVansbeck, 14 m. N. Newcastle-
on-Tyne. Lon. 1° 40' W. Lat. 55° 10' N. Pop.
3,520.
Morra, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 30 m. S.
E. Benevento, and 55 E. by N. Naples. Pop.
3,300.
Morriches, p-v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. on the S.
side of Long Island, 72 m. from New- York.
Morris, co. N. J. inclosed by the counties of
Bergen, Essex, Somerset, Hunterdon and Sussex,
Pop. 21,821. Chief town, Morristown.
Morris, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 944.
Mmris, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,67P.
Morrit. t. Knox oo. Ohio.
482
M O R
Morris^ Jlats, p-v. Madison co. N. Y.
Morristoum, t. Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. N. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 550.
Morrislown, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the
river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brockville.
Morrislown, p-t. and cap. Morris co. N. J. 19 m.
N. W. Newark, 28 W. N. W. New-York. Pop.
3,753. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank,
a printing press, an academy, and 2 churches, 1 for
Presbyterians and 1 for Baptists.
Morrislown, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 19 m. W.
Mount Pleasant.
Morrislown, t. and cap. Buncombe co. N. C.
Morrislown, p-t. Belmont co. Oliio, 27 m. from
Warren.
Morrisville, v. Madison co. N. Y.
Morrisiille, borough and p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on
•he Delaware, 1 m. below Trenton, 29 above
Philadelphia. Pop. 261.
Morrisville, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Morro de Bonifacio, cape on the coast of Chili.
Lat. 39° 25' S.
Morro Cobir, cape on the E. coast of Africa, in
Zanguebar. Lat. 8° 5' S.
Morro Chico, cape on the coast of Honduras.
Lat. 15° 35' N.
Morro de Carapucho, headland on the coast of
Peru. Lat 19° 35' S.
Morro de los Diabolos, headland on the coast of
Peru. Lat. 18° S.
Morro Hermoso, promontory on the coast of Cal-
ifornia. Lat. 27° 52' N.
Morro Moreno, cape on the coast of Chili. Lat.
23° 10' S.
Morro-morro, t. Buenos Ayres, 40 m. N. E. Co-
cha.
Morro de Puercos, cape on the W. coast of Mex-
ico. Lat. 7° 35' N.
Morro Q^uemado, headland on the coast of Peru.
Lat. 14^20' S.
Morro de S. Josef, headland on the coast of Pe-
ru. Lat. 24° S.
Morro di Valle, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 4 m. N. Jesi, 14 W. Ancona.
Mors, or Morsoe, isl. of the Lymfiord gulf, in the
N. of Jutland, in lat. 56° 41' N. Area, 136 square
miles. Pop. about 7,800.
Morsch, V. Baden, 6 m. N. W. Carlsrulie.
Morschansk, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the
Zna, 78 m. N. Tambov. Pop. 4,200.
Morsehen, or Morsen, Old, v. Germany, in Hesse,
on the Fulda, 18 m. S. Cassel. Pop. 1,000. On
the opposite bank of the river stands New Mors-
ehen. Pop. 1,500.
Morspurg, t. Baden, on the lake of Constance,
6 m. N. E. Constance. Pop. 1,400.
Morsum, v. Denmark, 18 m. W. Tondern. Pop.
1,000.
Mortagne, t. France, in Orne, 15 m. E. S. E.
Seez, 18 E. N. E. Alencon. Pop. 5,800.
Morlagne, t. France, in La Vendee, 27 m. E. S.
E. Nantes.
Mortagne, t. France, in Lower Charente, on
the Gironde, 12 m. S. S. W. Pons. Po]5. 1,300.
Mortain, t. France, in La Manche, 30 m. S. S.
E. Coutances, 16 E. Avranches. Pop. 2,700.
Mortaro, t. Sardinian states, 7 m. N. Lumello,
25 S. W. Milan. Pop. 2,800.
Mortaro, or Martero, commonly called Mortar,
small hi. of the Adriatic, on the coast of Austrian
Dalmatia, N. W. of Sebenico. It is 13 miles in
circiTirfereuce. I. on. 10^ 44' E. Lat. 43° 57' N.
M O S
Morleau, t. France, in Doubs, 12 m. S. E. Poa-
talier, 24 E. S. E. Besancon. Pop. 1,400.
Mortero, or Morlori, small isl. on the E. coast of
Sardinia. Lon. 9" 36' 26" E. Lat. 41° 12' 46" N.
Mortier Bank, fishing bank near the S. coast of
Newfoundland. Lon. 54° 48' W. Lat. 47° 5' N.
Mortier s Rocks, rocks on the S. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 54° 55' W. Lat. 47° N.
Mortizabad, district, Hind, in Bejapour, be-
tween 17° and 18° N. lat. and intersected by the
river Krishna. Its chief towns are Merritch and
Carrar.
Mortizanagur. See Gunioor.
Morton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. E. Keigh-
ley. Pop. 987.
Mortonsville, t. Woodford co. Ken. 6 m. from
Versailles.
Mortori. See Mortero.
Mortree, t. France, in Orne, 13 m. N. Alengon
Pop. 1,000.
Morty, isl. Eastern seas, 25 m. from the N. E.
part of the isl. of Gilolo. It is 65 miles long, and
from 10 to 25 broad. Lon. 128° 23' E. Lat. 2°
15' N.
Morviedro. See Murviedro.
Morvilliers, t. France, in Lower-Seine, 20 m.
E. Neufchatel, 6 E. by N. Aumale. Pop. 1,500.
Morung, district. Hind, tributary to Nepaul, in
27° N. lat. and bounded S. by Bengal.
Morungen. See Mohringen.
Morwara, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 30 m. S. S. W,
Thcraud.
Mors-zuschlag, or Murz-ziischlag, t. Austrian
states, 20 m. E. N. E. Bruck. Pop. 800.
Mosalsk, t. Eu. Russia, 55 ra. W. Kaluga. Pop
1,300.
Mosambique, city and s-p. E. Africa, and cap,
of all the Portuguese possessions in that quarter
These possessions were at one time truly extensive,
at least as to the coast embraced by them, which
might be estimated at two thousand miles, includ-
ing the large and populous emporia of Sofala, Mo-
sambique, Quiloa, Monjbaca ard Melinda. Most
of these have been successively wrested from them,
and their dominion is now bounded by Cape Del-
gado on the N. and Cape CoiTientes on the S. and
includes no places of importance except Mosam-
bique and Sofala. Mosambique is built on an isl-
and of the same name. The settlement retains
few traces of its former importance. The fort,
however, is strongly built, of an octagonal form,
furnished with six bastions, and defended by 80
pieces of cannon. The trade has much declined,
and consists now chiefly in the export of gold, ivory
and slaves. The last article has been greatly
diminished by the laudable zeal with which the
English have e zerted themselves for the preven-
tion of this traffic. , The whole number now ex-
ported is not supposed to exceed 4,000. Lon. 40'
40' E. Lat. 15° 1' S. Pop. 2,80t>, of whom 500 are
Portuguese, 800 Arabs, and 1,500 negroes.
Mosbach, t. Baden, 20 m. E. S. E. Heidelsberg,
16 N. by W. Heilsbronn. Pop. 2,200.
Mosbnrg, or Mospurg, t. Ba'/aria, on the Iser,
21 m. N. E. Munich, 9 S. W. Landshut. Pop.
1,400.
Moschcnissa, t. Austrian States, inlstria, on the
gulf of Flanati, 3 m. S. Laurana. Pop. 2,000.
Moscho, t. Dongola, in Africa, on the W. bank
of the Nile, 100 m. N. W. Dongola.
Moscow, a government of Eu. Russia, lying be-
tween 35° 10' afld 38" 40' E. lon. and 54° 40' and
M O S
M O S
483
iie*' 30' N. lat. Area, 10,000 square miles. Pop.
1,126,000.
Moscow, (in Russian Moskva,) a great city of Eu.
Russia, and formerly the capital of the empire.
Including the suburbs, it is more than 20 miles in
circumference. The great extent of space thus
occupied is owing partly to thewidthof the streets,
but more to the number of spacious courts, gar-
dens, and other open spaces. The river Moskva
traverses the city from W. to E.
Moscow consists of four circular or semi-circu-
lar divisions, each surrounding the other. 1. The
central part, containing the Kremlin and the Ki-
taigorod, or mercantile quarter. 2. The Bielo-
gorod, or White town, extending around the cen-
tral part like a half moon, and was formerly en-
compassed with white stone walls. 3. The Sem-
liano-gorod, or Earthen town, much more exten-
sive than either of the preceding, and surrounding
them both in a circular form. It derived its name
from the earthen ramparts by which it was for-
merly defended. 4. The Slobodes, or suburbs,
which, to the number of nearly 30, surround the
whole, and occupy a great extent of ground. The
Kremlin stands on a height, and commands a
pleasant prospect over almost the whole city.
Here is the ancient palace of the czars, which es-
caped the great conflagration of 1812, but was
mucli damaged by mines sprung by the last French
detachment, on their leaving Moscow. It is now,
however, rebuilt, with improvements. Here is
also the church of St. Michael, containing the
tombs of the ancient czars, and the church of the
Assumption of the Virgm Mary, in which the em-
perors are crowned. The Bielo-gorod contains
several of the widest streets of Moscow ; but has
no remarkable public building, except the arsenal
and cannon foundry. A considerable part of this
quarter escaped the great conflagration. The
Semliano-gorod has also wide streets, and contains
from its magnitude, a large proportion of the pop-
ulation of Moscow. The Slobodes, or suburbs,
are mean, and look like so many detached villages,
with the exception of the German suburb, which
is inhabited by a number of foreign mechanics.
Fires are of very frequent occurrence in this
wooden built city ; and a large establishment of
firemen and fire engines is connected with the
police.
In September 1812, at the time of the French
invasion, the Russians set fire to the city, and three-
fourths of it were consumed ; the Kremlin and
Bielo-gorod being almost the only quarters pre-
served. For some time the rebuilding went on
slowly : the years of 1813 and part of 1814, were
years ol war and heavy expence ; but no sooner
was peace cohcluded, than the greatest exertions
were made to this effect, both by the government
and individuals ; and by the beginning of 1818, a
new city seemed to have risen from the ruins.
The Kitai-gorod, or quarter for the exchange and
mercantile ware -houses ; the more extensive quar-
ter of the Semlian-gorod ; and even the Slobodes
OP suburbs, were all re-built before, or in the
course of that year ; and the population of Mos-
cow was carried to nearly its former magnitude.
The deficiency is in the palaces of the nobility ;
many of these have notbeen rebuilt, having been on
a scale by far too large for the income of their own-
ers, who are now contented to live at a reduced
•expence on their estates in the country.
The new city has wider streets, and greater uni-
formity in its private buildings ; but in its churches
and public edifices, the Asiatic taste is still preser-
ved. The university having been rebuilt in a
magnificent form, by aid from the public treasury,
was opened on the 11th November 1818, and the
former course of study i-esumed. The Kremlin is
the great depot of the antiquities and curiosities of
Moscow. Here is the tower of Ivan, which for-
merly contained the largest bell in the known
world, its weight being above 200 tons. It fell
last century, in consequence of the tower being
burned, and is now considerably sunk in the
earth. Moscow is the seat of an archbishop : his
palace is in the Kremlin, and contains the regalia of
the empire. The churches and chapels, above 700
before the fire, are now less numerous. The pop-
ulation in summer does not much exceed 200,000,
but in winter it is nearly 300,000, from the num-
ber of traders and the great resort of the Russia:u
nobility. The manufactures consist cliiefly of cot-
ton, silk, linen, paper, leather, and sugar. In re-
gard to trade, Moscow, though at a great distance
from any sea, is the great entrepot for the interior
of the empire. Moscow is in a direct line, 397 m.
S. E. St Petersburg, 1,042 E. by N. Vienna.
Lon. 37" 33' E. Lat. 55" 45' 45" N.
Moscow, t. Somerset co. Maine, 28 m. N. Nor-
ridgewock.
Moscow, p-v. in Leicester, Genesee co. N. Y.
Moscow, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Qhio river, 22
m. S. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 100.
Mose, r. Eng. which falls into the Trent, near
Croxall.
Mose, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 132° 2' E.
Lat. 6" 20' S.
Moselle, department in the N. E. of France,
bounded partly by the Netherlands, and partly by
the departments of the Meurthe and the Me use.
Flax, liemp, and rapesced, are produced in con-
siderable quantities. The mineral productions
are iron and coal. Extent, 2,600 square miles.
Pop. 3-10, OOOj^ of whom two-thirds speak German.
Metz is the capital.
Moselle, r. which rises in France, in Vosges, and
after quitting the French territory, forms for a
short distance the boundary between Prussia and
the Netherlands,traverses the Prussian province of
the Lower Rhine, and falls into the Rhine at Cob-
lentz, after a course of nearly 300 miles.
Moserada, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. N. E, Tre-
viso.
Moses, P 01711, cape on the E. side of the entrance
into Bonavista bay, 5 m. S. W. Cape Bona-
vista.
Moskirch^ t. Baden, 22 m. N. Constance, 56 S.
Stutgard. Pop. 1,200.
Moskoe, one of the Loflfoden isles, on the coast of
Norway. On its coast is the well known whirlpool
called the Malstrom.
Mosquito Keys, small isle, in the Spanish Main.
Lon. 82" 25' W. Lat. 14° 25' N.
Mosquito Keys, islets and rocks in the Spanish
Main. Lon. 82" 45' W. Lat. 1 2° 47 N.
Mosquitos, or Mosquito Bank, small islands near
the coast of Honduras. Lon. 82° 10' W. Lat. 14°
30' N.
Mosquito Shore, a tract of country which extends
for 1,200 miles along part of the northern and the
eastern shore of Honduras, and has been claimed
by the British. It is a healthy country, and re-
markably fertile, inhabited by the Mosquito In-
dians who are an indolent, and ignorant race, but
484
MOT
strongly attached to the British. The king is
nominally a Christian, and has received an educa-
tion at the expense of the British government.
Moss, t. Norvpay, on a large bay. 38 m. S.
Christiania, 17 N. Frederickstadt. "Pop. 3,000.
Mossalsk, or Mosalsk, t. Russia, 56 m. W. Kalu-
ga. Pop. 1,300.
Mossel Bay, bay in the colony of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lon. 22" 18' E. Lat. 34" 10' S.
Mossers, p-v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Musstila, or Marsmila, s-p. Congo, in Africa.
Lat. 8" 10' S.
Mostar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 60 m. N. by
W. Ragusa, 70 E. Spalatro. Lon. 16" 45' E. Lat.
44' N. Pop, 9,000.
Moston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E. Man-
chester.
Mosty, t. Russia, in Grodno, 58 m. W. Novogro-
dek. I
Mosul, t. A. Turkey, in the pachalic of Bagdad,
on the W. bank of the Tigris. Its principal orna-
ments are a college, the tomb of sheik Abdul Cas-
sin, and the remains of a beautiful mosque. The
coffee-houses, baths, khans, and bazars are also
handsome IxMldings. The city has a stone wall and
seven gates, but is in a declining state ; the wall is
broken down in many places, and most of the good
buildings are crumbling into ruins. The inhabi-
tants area mixture of Turks, Curds, Jews, Arme-
nians, Nestorians, and Arabs. Pop. 35,000. To
the north, on the opposite side of the river, is the
village of Nunia, supposed to occupy the site of the
an.-ient JVme?;e/t. Lat. 36° 21' N.
Moszyn, t. Prussian Poland, 9 m. S. by W. Po-
sen.
Motala, r. Sweden, which flows out of Lake
Wetter, and jouis the Baltic at Nortkioping.
Moiupu, commonly called Mmiopotapa, called
also Benomotapa and Mocaranga, a country of E.
Africa, including all the country in the interior
from Mosambique, and extending southward al-
most to the Cape of Good Hope. This territory,
however, is divided into a great number of inde-
pendent states, among wh'ch that of the Quiteve,
or Sovereign of Motapa, ranks only as the most
powerful. \ery little is known about it.
jyiotatan, r. Caraccas, which enters into the E.
side of Lake iMaracaibo, in lat. 9" 45' N.
Mothe, La, or La Motie, t. France, in Vosges,
3 m. S. W. Bonrmont.
Monthe-Montret^al, t. France, in Dordogne, on
the river Dordogne, 22 m. W. Bergerac. Pop.
2,0<>0.
Mothe St. Heraye, t. France, in Two Sevres, 18
m. E. Niort, 26 S. W. Poitiers. Pop. 2,600.
Mothone. See Modon.
Motiers, v. Switzerland, in Neufchatel, 16 m. S.
W. Neufchatel.
Molir, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 24 m. S.
Ternate. Lon. 127" 19' E. Lat. 0" 26' N.
Motrico, s-p. Spain, on the bay of Biscay, 18 m.
W. St. Sebastian.
Motril, t. Spain, in Granada, with a harbour on
the Mediterranean, 4 m. E. Malaga. Poo. 4,500.
Motta, t. Austrian Italy, 23 m. E. N. E. Treviso,
Motta, t. Austrian Itr<iy, 3 m. S. Lodi.
Motte, hit, isl. Vt. in Lake Chumplain, 2 m. W.
North Hero. It is 8 mil*^ long and 2 broad.
Motte Canillac, t. France, in Upper Loire, on
the Allier, 3 m. N. E Bribude. Pop. 2,(KX>.
Motte-Ckalencon, t. France, in Drome, 20 m. S.
Die. Pop. 1,200.
M O U
Mottegano, r. Austrian Italy, which runs into
the Livenza at Motta.
Motte Landeron, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m.
S. E. La ReoUe, 32 S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop.
2,300.
Motter, r. Fiance, which falls into the Rhine at
Druzenheim. It is navigable for boats as far as
Bischweiler.
Mottes J^oires, promontory on the N. W. coast of
France, 18 m. from Calais.
Mottlau, r. West Prussia, which flows through
the town of Dantzic, and falls into the Rodaune.
Mottling, t. Austrian States, 13 m. S. E. Neu-
stadtl.
Mottola, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto. It is the
see of a bishop. 15 m. N. VV. Taranto, 60 W. N.
W. Lecce.
Mouchamps, t. France, in La Vendee, 24 m. N.
N. W. Fontenay le Comte. Pop, 1,750.
Moudon, or Mildcn, t.Switzerland,inthe canton
ofVaud, 13 m. N. N. E. Lausanne.
Mouilleron, t. France, in La Vendee, 17 m. N.
Fontenay. Pop. 1,200.
Moujghur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 72° 20 E.
Lat. 28" 57' N.
Mou!, The, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast of
Shetland. Lon. 1" 10' W. Lat. 60" 24' N.
Moulins, t. France, cap. of Allier, on the right
bank of the Allier. It has manufactures of hard-
ware, in particular of scissars. 100 m. N. W. Ly-
ons, 225 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 3" 20' E. Lat. 46" 34'
N. Pop. 14,000.
Moulins en Gilbert, t. France, in Nievre, 7 m.
S. W. Chateau Chinon, 27 E. Nevers. Pop.
2,600.
Moulins, La Marche, t. France, in Orne, 9 m,
S. W. L' Aigle, 18 N. E. Alencon. Pop. 900.
Moulonge Islands, small islands in the Indian
sea, near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 10" 45' S,
Moultonborough, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the
N. side of lake Winnipiseogee, 36 N. Concord.
Pop. 994.
Moungwah, t. Birman empire, in Ava, near the
W. bank of the Irrawuddy, Lon. 94° 20' E. Lat.
20" 28' N.
Mountain, t. Dundas co. Up. Canada.
Mount Airy, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Mountain Island, p-v. Scott co. Ken.
Mountain shoals, p-v. Laurens co. S. C.
Mount Bethel, t. Somerset co. N. J.
Mount Bethel, Loicer, t. Northampton co. Pa.
Pop. 1,392.
Mount Bethel, Upper, t. Northampton co. Pa.
Pop. 1,352. •
Mount Carmel, t. Edwards co. Illinois, on the
Wabash, opposite the mouth of White river, 24
m. below Vincennes.
Mount Clemens, t. and cap. Macomb co. Michi-
gan Territory, on the river Huron of St. Clair, 4
m. from its mouth, 25 N. Detroit.
Mount of Cocos, isl, in the Pacific. Lon. 177"
E. Lat. 16 ' S.
Mount Desert, isl. and t. Hancock co. Maine,
40 m. E. Castine. Pop. 1,047. The island is 15
miles long, and 12 broad. Lat. 44" 12' N.
Mount Dilli/, hill on the Malabar coast of Hin-
doslan. Lon.' 75° 20' E. Lat. 12" 1' N.
Mount Felix, cape, on the N. E. coast of Afri-
ca, at the entrance of the Arabian gulf, 40 m. W.
N. W. Cape Guardafui.
Mount Holly, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 20 m. W.
Windsor. Pop. 992.
M O U
MOW
485
Mount Holly, p-t. and cap. Burlington ce. N.J.
on Ancocus creek, 12 m. S. E. Burlington, 23 E.
N. E. Philadelphia. It contains a court-house
and jail, a market-house, a bank, and 2 churches.
Mount hope, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Mount hope, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Mount hope bay, the N. E. arm of Narraganset
bay, R. I. It sets up between Tiverton and Bris-
tol into Massachusetts, and receives Taunton
river.
Mount hope, hill, R. I. on the W. shore of Mount
hope bay, famous as the former residence of the
Indian king Philip.
Mount Horeb, p-v. Nelson co. Va.
Mount Joy, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 636.
Mount Joy, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,551.
Mount Mourne, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Mount Murray, seigniory, Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence,
72 m. N. E. Quebec.
Mount Pilot, p-v. Sumner co. Ten.
Mount Pisgah, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on
the Hudson, 14 m. S. W. Bedford, 33 above New
York. Pop. 3,119. Here is an academy. In this
town is the village of Sing-sing.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 10 m.
N. W. Washington. Pop. 1,780.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 522.
Mountpleasant, v. Md. in Caroline and Queen
Anne counties, 11 m. E. Churchill.
Mountpleasant, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Mountpleasant, t. Jefferson co. Ken. Pop. in
1816, about 500. It contains a church for Qua-
kers.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 20 m. S.
W. Steubenville, 10 N. E. St. Clairsville. Pop. in
1815, 750. It is a flourishing town, and contains a
bank, a printing-office, and 3 churches. In the
vicinity there are several flouring mills and saw
mills, a paper mill, a cloth factory, and 2 fulling
mills.
Mountpleasant, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 10 m. fr.
Cincinnati, 12 fr. Hamilton.
Mountprospect, p-v. Edgecorab co. N. C.
Mount Richardson, p-v. Jackson co. Ten.
Mount St. Bernard. See St. Bernard.
Mountx Bay, an extensive bay in the English
channel, near Penzance, Cornwall.
Mount Sorrell, t. Eng. in Leicester, 7 m. N.
Leicester, 102 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 9' W.
Lat52''8'N.
Mount Sterling, p-v. Montgomery co. Ken.
Mount Tabor, t. Rutland co. Vt. 26 m. W.
Windsor. Pop. 200.
Mount Tirsah, p-v. Person co. N. G.
Mount Tom, mt. Mass. on the W. side of Con-
necticut river, near Northampton.
Mount Upton, p-v. Chenango co. N. Y.
Mount Vernon, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 18
m. N. W. Augusta.
Mount Vernon, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 23 m.
S. Concord. Pop. 762.
Mount Vernon, the seat of the late George
Waskington, the first President of the United
States. It is pleasantly situated on the S. side of
the Potomac, in Fairfax co. Va. where the river
is nearly two miles wide ; 9 m. below Alexandria.
The raoimt is elevated 200 feet above the level of
the river, and afforMs a beautiful site for the man-
sion house and gardens.
Mount Vernon, p-t. Boone co. Ken. on the Ohio,
24 m. fr. Cincinnati.
Mount Vernon, p-v. Knox co. Ohio.
Mountiille, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Mount Vintage, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C.
Mount Washington, the highest of the White
mountains, N. H. According to the measure-
ment of Capt. Partridge, it is 6,634 feet above the
level of the sea.
Mount Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m.
S. S. E. Lenox. Pop. 474.
Mount Zion, Geo. See Sparta.
Mount Zion, p-v. Union co. Ken.
Mountain del Buchon, promontory, on the coast
of New California, which forms the S. point of
the bay of Los Esteros. Lon. 230° 28' E. Lat. 35"
21' N.
Moura, t. Portugal, in Alentejo. 37 ra. S. S. E.
Evora, 98 E. S. E. Lisbon. Lon. '7° 21' W. Lat.
38° 7' N. Pop. 4,000.
Mourao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. N. N. E.
Moura, 96 m. E. by S. Lisbon, 32 E. Evora. Lon.
T 8' W. Lat. 38° 20' N. Pop. 2,200.
Mouree, t. Gold coast of Africa, 5 m. N. E,
Cape Coast Castle.
Mouron, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 3 m.
W. Coulomiers. Pop. 1,400.
Moursouk, city, Africa, cap. of the kingdom of
Fezzan. It is one of the greatest seats of the in-
land commerce of this continent, and the rendez-
vous of most of the intercourse which takes place
between its northern and central regions. All
this trade is carried on by caravans, the frequent
arrival of which between October and February,
render Mourzouk then a scene of perpetual bus-
tle. It keeps up the communication of Egypt and
Tripoli on the one Iiand, with the great southern
empires of Bornou and Cassina on the other. The
number of slaves brought to Mourzouk from the
interior of Africa in 1819, was 5,000. It is the
state of society growing out of the slave trade,
which makes travelling in Africa so dangerous.
Lon. 15° 35' E. Lat. 27° 28' N.
Moush, t. Turkish Armenia, on a river of the
same name, 84 m. S. S. E. Erzerum.
Mousum, r. Maine, which flows into Wells bay,
between the towns of Wells and Arundel.
Moutahora, small isl. near the E. coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 193" 7' W. Lat. 37° 59' N.
Mouthe, t. France, in Doubs, 13 m. S. W. Pon-
tarlier. Pop. 1,000.
Moutiers, or Moustiers, t. France, in Lower
Alps, 15 m. S. Digne. Pop. 1,900.
Moutiers en Tarantaise, t. Sardinian states, in
Savoy, on the Isere. Near the town there is a
considerable salt work. Pop. 1,900. 18 m. N. N.
E. St. Jean de Maurienne, 28 S. E. Chamberry.
Mouy, t. France, in Oise, 15 m. S. E. Beauvais.
Pop. 3,000.
Mouzon, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Maese,
14 m. N. W. Montmedy. Pop. 2,200.
Mow, t Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 83° 37' E.
Lat. 25° 57' N.
Mowah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 51' E. Lat.
26" 33' N.
Mowah, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the N.
bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 25' E.
Lat. 21" 50' N.
Mowee, one of the Sandwich islands, about 140
miles in circumference, containing 600 sq. miles.
30 m. N. W. Owhyhee, Lon. 203" 40' E. Lat. 20«
48' N. See Sandwich Islands.
486
M U C
Moxahala, creek, Ohio, which runs into the
Muskingum, 3 m. below Zanesville.
Moxos, an extensive province and country of
Buenos Ay res, bounded by the Portuguese gov-
ernment of Matto Grosso on the E. Cuzco and the
Peruvian provinces on the W. and Chiquitos and
Santa Cruz on the S. It is chiefly inhabited by
warlike and wandering tribes of Indians, who for-
bid access to its interior. The climate is moist
and unhealthy, owing to the inundations of the
rivers and lakes with wliich the country is cov-
ered, and epidemic fevers are frequent, which
sometimes destroy whole settlements.
Moy, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. St. Quentin,
Pop. 1,000.
M(rya, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 42 m. E. Cuenca.
Pop. 2,400.
Moyaux, t. France, in Calvados, 6 m. N. E. Li-
sieux. Pop. 1,300.
Moyenneville, t. France, in Somme, 5 m. S. S. W.
Abbeville, 25 N. E. Amiens. Pop. 1,000.
Moyenvic, t. France, in Meurthe, 20 m. N. E.
Nancy. Pop. 1,400.
Moyeuvre, t. France, in Moselle, 8 m. N. W.
Metz.
Moyobambo, or Santiago de los Valles, t. Peru,
310 m. N. N. E. Lima. Lon. 75" 51' W. Lat. 7" S,
Moyowla, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Neagh.
Mozambique. See Mosambiquc.
Mosdok, t. Russia, in Caucasus, 8 m. E. of Eka-
terinograd. Pop. 3,000.
Mozgurrah, t. Hind, in Mooltaii. Lon. 71° 51'
E. Lat 29° 48' N.
Mozingen, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. N. E. Reut-
lingen. Pop. 900.
Mozyr, t. Russian Lithuania, 150 m. S. S. E.
Minsk.
Mrotzen, t. Prussian Poland, 17 m. W. by N.
Bromberg. Pop. 900.
Mrsyglod, t. Austrian states, in Galicia, 6 m. N.
N. W. Sanok.
Mscheno,t. Bohemia, 11 m. W. Jung Bunzlau.
Pop. 1,900.
Msta, r. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, which runs
into the lake Ilmen, near Lipinskoi.
Mslislavl, t. Russia, 60 m. N. E. Mohilev. Lon.
31" E. Lat. 53" 54' N. Pop. 4,000.
Mszczonowj t. Poland, 23 m. S. W. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,300.
Mtzensky t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 32 m. N. N. E.
Orel. Pop. 5,600.
Miichawica, r. Russia, in Grodno, which falls
into the Bog at Brzesc.
Mu£hundgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 34'
E. Lat. 23° 57' N.
Mucidan, t. France, in Dordogne, 18 m. S. S.
W.. Perigueux. Pop, 1,200.
Mucillac, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 1,800.
Muck, small isl. near the E. coast of Ireland,
in the North Channel. Lon. 5° 36' W. Lat. 54°
31' N.
Mmkealah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 72" 43' E.
Lat. 32° 33' N.
Muckcnsturm, t. Baden, 2 m. N. E. Rastadt. Pop.
3,100.
Muckondabad. t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 81°
24' E. Lat. 24° 15' N.
Muckris, Point, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast
si Donegal, 6 m. VV. S. W. Killybegs.
Muekud, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus. ' Lon.
■70°51'E. Lat 32° 22' N.
M U H
Micckundra, t. Hind, in Mulwah. Lon. 76° 12'
E. Lat. 24° 48' N.
Muchcany, district. Hind, between 26" and 27°
N. lat. and bounded S. by Bahar.
Mud creek, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which joina Ca-
nandaigua creek in Phelps.
Mnda, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. Feltre.
Mudania. See Modania.
Muddie, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon- 69° 22' E.
Lat. 22° 5' N.
Muddy river, r. Illinois, which runs into the
Mississippi. It is navigable 40 miles.
Mud Island, small isl. Pa. in Delaware river, 7
m. below the city of Philadelphia. It is well for-
tified.
Muddy Point, cape on the W. coast of Africa.
Lat. ir40'S.
Mudge, Point, cape on an island in the gulf of
Georgia, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon.
235° 9' E. Lat. 50° N.
Muela, t. Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. S. S. W.
Saragossa.
Muganayana, t. India, in Mysore. Lou. 76° 58'
E. Lat. 13° 8' N.
Mugeln, t. Saxony, 25 m. E. Leipsic. Pop.
1,200.
Mugeres, or Mohair Key, or Man Eafer''s Island,
small isl. in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of
Yucatan. Lon. 87° 35' W. Lat. 21° 10' N.
Muggia, or Muglia, t. Austrian states, in Istria,
on the Adriatic, 2 m. N. Capo d' Istria. Pop.
1,100.
Mugia, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, N. E. of Cape
Finisterre, and 56 m. W. S. W. Ferrol. Pop.
2,000.
Mugley, pass, Hind, in the mountains which di-
vide Mysore from the Carnatic, 95 m. from Ma-
dras. Lon. 79° 5' E. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Muglitz, r. Saxony, which falls into the Elbe
below Pirna.
Muglitz, or Mohelnilz, t. Austrian states, in Mo-
ravia, 19 m. N. N. W. Olmutz. Lon. 6° 46' E. Lat.
49° 49' N. Pop. 2,500.
Mugnano, t. Italy, near Naples, in Terra di La-
voro. Pop. 4,000.
Mugron, t. France, in Landes, 6 nx. S. Tartas.
Pop. 1,600.
Muhl, Kreis, or Viertel, i. e. Circle or Quarter
of the Muhl, one of the divisions of Lower Austria,
comprising all that part which lies between the
Danube and Bohemia. Extent, 1,670 sq. miles.
Pop. 160,000.
Muhl, r. Austria, which rises on the confines of
Bohemia, flows S. and falls into the Danube.
Muhlberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 12 m. S. W. Er-
furt.
Muhlberg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 34
m. N. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,600.
Muhlburg, t. Baden, 6 m. W. Durlach. Pop.
800.
Muhldorf, t. Austria, on the Danube, 46 m. W.
Vienna.
Muhldorf, t. Bavaria, on the Inn, 41 m. E. by
N.Munich. Pop. 1,300.
Muhlenbach, or Szasz-Sebes, t. Transylvania, on
the Muhlbach, 48 m. W. Hermannstadt. Pop.
4,000.
Muhlenbach., v. Baden, 2 m. S, S. E. HassIacU,
llE. S.E. Lahr. Pop. 800.
Muhlenburg co-KentncVy. Pop. 4,181. Slaves,
480. Chief town, Greenville.
Mvhlhausen, t. Prussian Saxony, in the g^overa-
M U L
M U N
487
ment of Erfurt, at the confluence of the Unstrutt
and Schwemotte. It is surrounded by high walls,
Ilanked with towers. It has breweries, distille-
ries, and several manufactures, particularly the
weaving of cloth, both linen and woollen, and the
spinning of yarn. 29 m. N. W. Erfurt, 43 E. S.
E.Cassel. Lon. 10°28'E. Lat.Sl" 12'59"N. Pop.
9,400.
Muhlhausen, t. East Prussia, in Konigsberg, 13
m. E. by N. Elbing. Pop. 1,600.
Muhlhausen, or Mitirzko, t. Bohemia, AQ m. S,
Prague. Pop. 900.
MiMhuusen. See Mulhausen.
Muhltrop, t. Saxony, in Vogtland, 10 m. \\. by
N. Plauen. Pop. 1,200.
Maiden, or Muyden, t. Holland, on the Zuyder
Zee, 7 m. E. by S. Amsterdam. Lon. 5" 4' 15" E,
Lat. 52° 19' 48" N. Pop. 1,000.
Muirkirk, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 30 m. S.
Glasgow. Pop. 1,000.
Mujaxar, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Medi-
terranean, 39 m. N. E, Almeria, 97 E. Granada.
Pop. 2,000.
Muju, r. Brazil, which falls into the Amazons in
the bay of Para, in lat. F 33' S.
Mulatas, small islands in the Spanish Main, near
the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 78" 5' to 78° 30' W.
Lat. 9" 20' to 9" 35' N.
Mulatre, Pointy cape, Dominica, on the east
coast. Lou. 61" 17' W. Lat. 15" 25' N.
Mulazzano, t. Piedmont, 18 m. S. by E. Alba.
Pop. 2,250.
Mulberry, t. Arkansaw Territory, on the N. side
of the river Arkansaw, bordering on the country
of the Osage Indians.
Mvlda, r. Germany, which rises among the Su-
detic mountains, and joins the Elbe between Des-
sau and Zerbst.
Muldau. See Moldau.
Mulgrave, Point, point on the N. W. shore of
America. Lon. 194" 51' E. Lat. 67° 45' N.
Mulhausen, or Muhlhausen, t. France, in Upper
Rhine, near the river 111. The manufactures are
very considerable, comprising printed cottons to a
large exent ; also woollen and linen. 22 m. N. W.
Bale, 28 S. Colmar. Pop. 9,500.
Mulheim, t. Prussian states, in Cleves-and-Berg,
on the Roer, which here becomes navigable. 15
m. N. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,100.
Mulheim, t. Prussian states, at the influx of the
Stronderbach into the Rhine. 3 m. N. of Cologne.
Pop. 3,200.
Mulheim, or Mullheim, t. Baden, 3 m. W. Ba-
denweiler. Pop. 1,700.
Mull, anciently called Dreolin, isl. of the He-
brides, 35 miles long, and containing 420 square
miles. The island is for the most part rugged and
mountainous. Grain is not cultivated to an extent
sufl^cient for the supply of the inhabitants, but the
land is well adapted to grazing. The total stock
of sheep is calculated at 15,000. Lon. 6" W. Lat.
56° 30' N. Pop. in 1810, 9,303.
Mull, Sound of, arm of the sea, lying between
the island of Mull and the mainland of Argyll and
Inverness-shires.
Mult of Galloway. See Galloway.
Mullahpore, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Gogra.
Lon. 81" 16' E. Lat. 27° 40' N.
Mullen'' s Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 55' W. Lat.
28" 1' N.
Mullet, peninsula, Ireland, in the county of
Mayo, about 9 miles long, and 2 wide.
Muiiico kill, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J.
Mullicus, r. N. J. which runs into Little Egg
harbor, 4 m. E. of Leeds. It is navigable 20 miles
for vessels of 60 tons.
Mullingar, t. Ireland, in West Meath, 39 m.
W. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 7° 18' W. Lat. 53"
31' N.
Mullrose, Canal of, canal, Prussia, in the prov-
ince of Brandenburg, which begins at Newbruck,
on the Spree, and terminates at the lake of BriesoQ
on the Oder. It is about 14 miles long, has ten
sluices, and forms part of tlie great chain of inland
communication which extends from Warsaw to
Hamburgh.
Mullrose, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 9
m. S. S. E, Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 1,200.
Mullungur, district. Hind, in Hyderabad, be-
tween 18° and 19° E. lon.
Mulluvia, r. Africa, which forms the boundary
between the territory of Algiers and that of Mo-
rocco, and after a course from S. to N. of about
200 miles, falls into the Mediterranean, in lon. 21°
6' W. lat. 34° 55' N.
Multnomah, or Wallaumut, large r. N. Ameri-
ca, which falls into the Columbia from the S. about
100 miles before the latter enters the Pacific ocean.
The Multnomah is 500 yards wide near its mouth,
and very deep. Its course, however, is but imper-
fectly known, and is laid down in Lewis and
Clarke's map, from a sketch drawn by an Indian
with his finger, in the dust.
Mulwagul, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon. 78° 25'
E. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Muncey, p-t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,426.
Muncey creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E. side
of the Susquehannah, 23 m. above Northumber-
land.
Munchberg, t. Bavaria, 11 m. S. S. W. Hof, 20
N. N. E. Bayreuth. Pop. 1,700.
Muncheberg, or Monickberg, t. Prussia, in Bran-
denberg, 33 m. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,500.
Munchen-gratz, or Hradifstie, or Greditz, i.
Bohemia, on the Iser, 38 m. N. E. Prague. Pop
1,500.
Munchenstein, v. Switz. 4 m. S. Bale.
Mundalafal, t. Hind, in Khandesh. Lon. 76" 17'
E. Lat. 22° 25' N.
Munden, t. in the S. W. of Hanover, at the con-
fluence of the Werra and the Fulda, whose united
streams take here the name of Weser. It has,
from its position, a brisk carrjung trade, partly by
land, more by water. 9 m. N. E. Cassel, 15 W. S.
W. Gottingen. Pop. 4,500.
Munder, t. Hanover, on the Hameln, 18 m. E.
S.E. Munden. Pop. 1,500.
Munderar, district, Afghanistan, in Cabul, about
35° N. lat.
Munderkingen, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m. W. S. W.
Ulm. Pop. 1,600.
Mundessor, district. Hind, in Mulwah, between
24° and 25" N. lat.
Mundfordville, p-t. Harden co. Ken. on Green
river, 30 m. below Greensburg, 30 from Litch-
field.
Mundlah, t. Hind, ih Gundwaneh, on the Nar-
budda river. Lou. 81" 10' E. Lat. 22° 44' N.
Munduim, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77" 4' E.
Lat. 12° 31' N.
Muneville la Bingard, t. France, in La Manchc,
5 m. N. by W. Coutanccs. Pop. 1,600.
Mungolsheim, t. Baden, 10 m. N. by E. Bruch
sal, 15 S. S.E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,200.
488
M U N
Mungulhaut, t. Bengal. It carries on a consid-
erable trade of cotton goods, &c. with Bootan. Lon.
89"20'E. Lat. 25"59'N.
Mungulore, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 71°
15' E. Lat. 34° 13' N.
MungulwarOyt. Hind, in Bejapore, 16 m. S. E.
Panderpore.
Munich, city and capital of Bavaria, is on the W.
bank of the Iser, The streets are in general broad
and straight, the houses are high, and of good ap-
pearance. Among the numerous public buildings,
the palace holds the first rank : it is a large edi-
fice, plain on the outside, but in its interior, mag-
nificent. The total number of churches is 2!2.
Among the other public buildings, are the palace
of duke Maximilian, the barracks, the large hos-
pital, the workhouse, and the new mint. The
charitable institutions are numerous and liberal ;
they were rendered effectual for the abolition of
mendicity, by the exertions of count Rumford,
whose establishment for preparing and distributing
economical soup still remains. It is the seat of the
higher courts of justice, and of the government of-
fices ; also the place of meeting of the Bavarian
parliament. It is to these establishments that the
inhabitants chiefly owe tiieir support; for, the
trade and manufactures are very limited. Pop.
including the suburbs, 60,024. 220 m. W. Vien-
na, 1 16 E. S. E. Stutgard. Lon. 1 1° 35' E. Lat. 48°
8'N.
Munkacs, t. in the N. E. of Hungary. It has
stocking manufactures, iron works, and one of the
largest saltpetre works in tlie Austrian dominions.
67 m. E. by S. Caschau, 162 E. S. E. Cracow.
Pop. 5,000.
Mumurstadt, t. Germany, 37 m. N. N. E. Wurz-
burg. Pop. 1,400.
jHunnipore, t. Birman empire, capital of Cassay.
Lon. 94° 30' E. Lat. 24° 20' N.
Munsingen, t Wirtemberg, 26 m. S. S. E. Stut-
. gard, 20 W. Ulm. Pop. 1,300,
Munroe. See Monroe.
Munson. See Monson.
Munster, a government of the Prussian states,
containing the JV. W. portion of the province of
Westphalia. Area, 2,820 sq. miles. Pop. 316,000.
It is divided into the following ten circles or dis-
tricts : Munster, Tecklenburg, Wahrendorf, Bec-
kum, Ludinghausen, Koesfeld, Recklinghausen,
Borken, Ahaus, and Steinfurt. This government
has been made out of the former bishopric of
Munster and several other territories.
Munster, city of the N. W. of Germany, in the
Prussian province of Westphalia, formerly cap. of
a bishopric, now of the government of Munster, is
on both sides of the Aa, about 6 miles from the
Ems. It was surrounded with a double mound
and a moat, until 1765, when the water was
drained off the moat, and the mounds laid out in
public walks and gardens. The citadel was also
demolished. In 1648, a treaty of general peace
was concluded here, which is sometimes called the
treaty of Munster and sometimes the treaty of
Westphalia. 60 m. N. N. E. Dusseldorf, 92 W.
S. W. Hanover. Lon. 7° 36' E. Lat. 51° 58' N.
Pop. 13,900.
Munster, t. France, in Upper-Rhine, 6 m. W.
Colmar. Pop. 2,500.
Munster, t. Switz. 12 m. N. N. W. Lucerne.
Munster, t. Switz. in Valais, 40 m. S. Lucerne.
Munster, the S. W. province of Ireland ; bound-
ed N. by Connaught, E. by Leinster, S. and W.
by the sea. It comprises six counties, viz. Clare,
M U R
Kerry, Limerick, Cork, Tipperary, and Water-
ford.
Munster p-v. Cambria co. Pa.
Munsterberg, t. Prussian states, 36 m. S. W,
Breslau. Pop. 2,600.
Munster Eiffel, t. Prussian states, 24 m. S. E,
Juliers, 34 N. W. Coblentz. Pop. 1,400.
Muntendam, v. Netherlands, in Groningen, 8
m. W. Winschoten. Pop. 1,100.
Munzesheim, t. Baden, 5 m. E. Bruschal. Pop.
1,000.
Muonio, r. Lapland, which joins the Tornea.
By the treaty of 1809, it forms the boundary be-
tween Russian and Swedish Lapland.
Muonioniska, Oevre and JVedre, 2 villages of
Russian Lapland, 150 m. N. Tornea. Lat. 68° N.
Mur, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. W,
Loudeac. Pop. 2,100.
Murach, t. Bavaria, 7 m. E. Nabburg. Pop.
2,500.
Murano, t. Austrian Italy, on an island in the
Lagunes, a little E. of Venice. It is the place
where the celebrated Venetian glasses and mir-
rors are made. Pop. 4,300.
Murano, t. Naples, in Calabria, 11 m. S. W.
Cassano.
Muraon. See Mourao.
Murat, t. France, in Cantal, 15 m. N. W. St,
Flour. Pop. 2,600.
Murat, t. France, in Tarn, 9 m. E. La Caune,
Pop, 3,100.
Murau, t. Austrian states, 28 m. W. by S. Ju-
denburg, 63 W. Gratz. Pop. 900.
Murazzano, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. W. Savona
Pop 2,300.
Murcia, province, Spain, on the Mediterranean,
between Valencia on the E. and Andalusia on the
W. Area, 8,000 sq. miles. Pop. 384,000. Its
aspect is in general mountainous; its climate is
very fine. The soil is in general fertile, producing
wheat, barley, hemp, rice, vines, olives, mulber-
ries, saffron ; also citrons, pomegranates, and al-
monds.
Murcia, t. S. E. Spain, and cap. of the above
province, on the Segura, in the midst of a lai^e
and beautiful valley. It is the see of a bishop,
whose revenue is said to exceed 2O,0OOZ. sterling
a year. The cathedral is magnificent. Here is a
refinery of saltpetre, and near the town, several
powder mills, worked for account of government.
The establishment for twisting silk is extensive.
106 m. S. S. W. Valencia, 140 E. by N. Jaen.
Lon. 1°5'W. Lat. 37° 58' N. Pop. 35,000.
Murderer'' s Bay, bay on the W. coast of New
Zealand, between Cape Farewell and Rocky
Point. Lat. 40° 49' S.
Mure, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. S. Grenoble.
Pop. 2,100.
Mureck, t. Austrian states. S. S. E. Gratz. Pop,
900.
Muret, t. France, at the confluence of the Rheze
and Garonne, 9 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 3,200.
Murfreesborough, p-t. Hertford co. N. C. at the
head of navigation on Meherrin river, 50 m. N.W.
Edenton. It is a place of considerable trade. The
public buildings are an academy and a Methodist
church, both of brick.
Murfreesborough, p-t. Rutherford co. Tennessee,
and capital of the state, 32 m. S. E. Nashville, 160
W. Knoxville. Lat. 35° 52' N. Lon. 86° 35' W.
The surrounding country is level and very fertile,
jjbounding with wheat, cotton and tobacco. The
town was made the seat of government in 1817,
M U S
M U T
489
and contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank,
meeting-house, and about two hundred houses;
and, in 1818, more than 1,000 inhabitants.
Murg, r. Germany, which rises near Oppenau,
and, after a course of near 100 miles, falls into the
Rhine near Rastadt.
Murg, one of the ten circles of the grand duchy
of Baden, on the river Murg.
Murg^ V. Baden, near the Rhine, 3 m. W. Klein
Laufenburg. Pop. 1,200.
Murialto, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 15 m.
S, E. Mondovi.
Muricham, t. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89" 28' E.
Lat. 27° 6' N.
Murkutchoe, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85"* 45' E.
Lat. 24" 23' N.
Murnau, t. Bavaria, 10 m. S. Weilheim, and 14
E. Schongau. Pop. 1,100.
Muro, t. Italy, 70 m. E. Naples. Pop. 1,500. It
ff the see of a bishop.
Muro, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto, 6 m. N.
N. E. Alessano. Pop. 1,500.
Murom, t. Russia, at the confluence of the Mu-
romka and the Oka, 62 m. E. S. E. Vladimir. Lon.
42" 16' E. Lat. 55" 7' N, Pop. 6,500.
Muros, t, Spain, in Galicia, 31m. W. Compos-
tella. Pop. 2,400.
Murowana Gosiina, t. Prussian state?, 12 m. N,
Posen. Pop. IjtMX).
Murr, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the Nec-
kar, near Marbach.
Murr Islands, small islands near the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 59" 8' W. Lat. 50° 32' N.
Murray, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada, on
the bay of Quinti, at the mouth of the river Trent.
Murray, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Lake Onta-
rio, 18 m. N. E. Batavia. Pop. 1,166.
Murray bay, or Malbay, seigniory, Northumber-
land CO. Lower Canada, on the N. side of tlie St.
Lawrence, 66 m. N. E. Quebec.
Murray Harbour, harbour on the E. coast of the
island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Lon. 62" 20' W. Lat. 46" N.
Murray'' s ferry, p-v. Williamsburg co. S C.
Murray'' s Islands, three islands in Torres straits,
between the coast of New Guinea and New Hol-
land. The largest is nearly two miles long. ]jon.
of the largest, 144" 2' E. Lat. 9" 54' S.
Murray'' s mills, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Murraysirille, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 12 m. from
Greensburg, 17 E. Pittsburg.
Murraysiille, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C.
Murrhard, t. Wirtemberg, on the Murr, 22 m.
N. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,900.
Murten, in French Moral, t. Switz. 12 m. W.
Berne. Pop. 1,500.
Murton, v. Eng. jn Westmoreland, 3 m. E. N. E.
Appleby.
Murviedro, or Morviedro, t. Spain, in Valencia,
13 m. N. E. Valencia, and 25 S. E. Segorbe. Lon.
ft" 10' W. Lat. 39" 47' N. Pop. 5,100.
Murviedro, r. Spain, in Valencia, which runs
Jnto the sea below the town of Murviedro.
Murviel, v. France, in Herault, 9 m. N. E. Be-
ziers, 40 W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,400.
Mury, t. Switz, in Aargau, 4 ra. S. by W. Brem-
garten.
Murssusschlag, t. Austrian states, 20 m. E. N. E.
Bruck. Pop. 800.
Musa, or Moosa, v. Yemen, in Arabia, 20 m. E.
Mocha.
Musberg, v. Wirtemberg. near Stutgard. Pop.
1',400.
62
Musbtiry, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. N. N. W.
Bury. Pop. 589.
Muscat. See Muscat.
Muscle Canal, strait on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, leading into Carter's bav.
Muscle s/ioiils, in Tennessee river, 250 m. abov6
its mouth, and the same distance below the Suck.
They extend about 25 miles ; the river spreads to
the width of 3 miles, and is full of islands. The
passage of the shoals is difficult, except when the
river is high. Congress passed an act, during the
last session, for the improvement of the navigation
of the river at this place.
Mushanan, r. Pa. wiiich forms the boundary
between Centre and Huntingdon counties, and
falls into a branch of the Susquehannah.
Muska, or Muskau, t. Prussian states, 52 m. N.
E. Dresden. Pop. 1,400.
Muskingum, co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop.
in 1815, f 1,200. Chief town, Zanesville.
Muskingum, r. Ohio, which rises in Portage co.
and running S. 200 miles, joins the Ohio at Mari-
etta. At its mouth, it is 250 yards wide. It is
navigable 100 miles to Coshocton, for large boats,
and for small boats, to its source, whence there is
a portage of only one mile to the Cuyahoga, which
runs into Lake Erie. At Zanesville, there are
considerable rapids in the river. A company is
formed for the pur);ose of constructing a canal
around them. They intend also erecting on the
canal extensive iron works.
Muskogulge, or Muskogees. See Creeks.
Muso, t. New Granada, 70 m. N. Santa Fe de
Bogota. Lon. 73" 30' W. Lat. 5" 16' N.
Miisquito creek, p-v. Trumbull co. Ohio.
Mussnfurpore, or Mujafurpore, t. Hind, in Ba-
har. Lon. 85" 25' E. Lat. 26" 10' N.
Musselburgh, t. Scotland, in Edinburgh co. at
the mouth of the Esk. Betwixt the sea and the
town lie the extensive downs called the Mussel-
burgh links, where the Edinbun^h races were
held for the first time in October 1816. 5 m. E.
by S. Edinburgh. Pop. o,500.
Mussendoon, or Miissledoon, cape, Arabia, at
the mouth of the Persian gulf.
Musser''s mills, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Mussy VEreque, t. France, in Aube, on the
Seine, 15 m. S. Troves. Pop. 1,700.
Muslapha Pacha Kiupn, t. Eu. Turkey, 18 m.
N. W. Adrianople.
MuMapha Pacha Palanka^ fort, Eu. Turkey, in
Bulgaria, 56 m. W. N. W. Sophia, 22 S. E. Nissa.
Muslaphabad, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76" 47'
E. Lat. 30" 20' N.
Mustygannim, s-p. Algiers, in the province of
Tlemsan. It is defended by three castles. Lon,
0"30'E. Lat. 36" 6' N.
MusnmelH, t. Sicily, 10 ra. N. E. Castro Novo.
26 N. by E. Girgenti.
Muttoudt, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76" 25' E.
Lat. 13" 39' N.
Mutterstudt. t. Bavaria, 11 m. N. W. Speri, 14
S. Worms. Pop. 1,450.
Mutton Bay, bay on the N. side of the river St.
Lawrence, on the coast of Canada. Lon. 69° W,
Lat. 48° 25' N,
Muttra, t, Ommon, in Arabia, 3 m. W\ Mascat,
Mutuales, or Metuales, an independent people
of Syria, inhabiting an extensive valley between
the mountains of Libanus and Anti Libanus. They
derive their name from Mutual, a celebrated Sar-
acen chief, v.'ho dpr^trove;! the anciont Per?ian re-
4d0
NAB
ligion, and substituted the worship of Mahomed.
Balbec is in their territory.
Mutzig, t. France, 12 m. W. Strasburg. Pop.
2,500.
Muy, V. France, in Var, 9 m. W. Frejus. Pop.
1,500.
Mtcz iliac, t. France, fn Morbihan, 14 m. S. E.
Vannes, Pop. 3,600.
Mussufirabad, t. Afghanistan, and cap. of a dis-
trict. Lon. 72" 22' E. Lat. 34" 4' N.
Muzza, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the
Adda, 8 m. S. E. Lodi.
Mijcence, once a city of Greece, in the N. E. of
Peloponnesus. Its ruins remain exactly as de-
scribed by Pausanias. 8 m. N. E. Argos, 22 S. Co-
rinth.
Mycondah, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 10' E.
Lat.' 14° 16' N.
Myconi, or Mykone, isl. of the Grecian Archi-
pelago, between Naxes and Tino, in lon. 25" 23'
E. Lat. 37° 27' N. 21 miles in circumference.
The inhabitants, amount:" -g to 1,000, are Greek
Christians.
Mydan, district, Afghanistan, inCabul, between
33" and 34° N. lat.
Mydrechf, t. Netherlands, 12 m. W. S. W. Ut-
recht. Pop. 1,800.
Myer, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80° 50' E.
Lat.24°2rN.
Myerstown, p-t. Lebanon co. Pa.
Mylau, t. Saxony, 9 m. N. E. Plaunen. Pop.
1,650.
Mymunsing, district, Bengal, between 24" and
25° N. lat. The chief town is Bygonbarry, which
is the residence of the judge and collector.
Mynatpore, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86" 15' E.
Lat. 26" 38' N.
Mynotc, r. Eng. which runs into the Wye at
Momnouth.
Myo Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, in the Moluc-
ca passage, which separates Celebes and Gilolo.
Lon. 126" 15' E. Lat. 1" 23" N.
Myra, in Sao. Geog. one of the chief cities o{
Lycia, in Asia Minor.
Mysia, in Sac. Geog. province of Asia Minor,
divided into Greater and Less. Mysia Greater
was situated between Mysia Less, Phrygia, Bithy-
nia, and the iEgean sea ; Mysia Less, between
the Hellespont and Propontis.
Myrtle Island, one of the Chandeleur islands.
N A C
Myslenice, the most western circle of Austrian
Poland, separated from the territory of Cracow by
the Vistula. Extent, 1,230 square miles. Pop.
nearly 160,000. Myslenice, the chief town, is oh
the Baba, 16 m. S. Cracow.
Mysol Isle, isl, in the Eastern seas, midway be-
tween Ceram and Papua. It is 50 miles long by
15 broad. Lat. 2" S.
Mysore, properly Maisoor, province of the S. ol
India, between 1 1° and 15° N. lat. and surrounded
by the British territories, subject to the presiden-
cy of Madras. This province consists of high ta-
ble land, elevated 3,000 feet above the level of the
sea. The climate is temperate and healthy to a
degree unknown in any other tract of similar ex-
tent within the tropics. Its soil produces not only
all the grains and vegetables of other parts of India,
but also many of the fruits of Europe. The culti-
vation is also much aided by means of reservoirs
and wells, from whence the farmers irrigate their
fields and gardens. The inhabitants are in gene-
ral Hindoos. Under Hyder Aly, and Tippoo Sul-
tan, this country was at war with the British, but
it is now united in the firmest alliance. The pres-
ent rajah was placed on the throne by the British,
who secured to him a revenue of 1,030,0(X)/. ster-
ling, with the entire management of the country,
by his own officers, but subject to the general su-
perintendance of a British resident.
Mysore, t. India, and cap.of the province of My-
sore, is about 9 miles from Seringapatam, on the
top of a lofty hill. It iswell supplied with water and
provisions, and is considered much more healthy
than Seringapatam. Lon. 76° 52' E. Lat. 12° 16' N.
Mystic, r. Mass. which flows into Boston liar-
bour. It is navigable for sloops 4 miles, to Med-
ford.
Mystic, p-v. New-London co. Ct.
Mysziniec, t. Poland, 80 m. N. by E. Warsaw,
83 E. N. E. Plock. Pop. 800.
Mytilene, or Metelin, isl. of the Mediterranean,
near the S. coast of Asia Minor, about 36 miles long
and 12 broad. It was the ancient Lesbos, celebra-
ted as the abode of voluptuousness. It is fertile,
and exports oil, figs, and wool. There are several
fine ports. The population,consisting of Greeks and
Turksjis variously estimated from 40, 000 to 100,000.
Mytilene, town of. See Castro.
Mzensk, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 32 m. N. E.
Orel. Pop. 5,000.
N.
Naaldw IK, V. Netherlands, ni South Holland,
14 m. W. N. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,300.
Naamaii's Creek, r. Delaware, which runs into
Delaware river, at Marcus hook.
Naarden, or jYaerden, s-p. Netherlands, on the
Zuyder Zee, 11 m. E. S. E. Amsterdam, 14 N.
Utrecht. Pop. 1,800.
JVaas, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. 26 m. N. W.
Wicklow, 17 S. W.Dublin. Lon. 6° 42' W. Lat.
53° 13' N.
^Yab, or jYaab, v. Bavaria, is formed by the un-
ion of three streams at Au, aad falls into the
Danube below Ratisbon.
Js'abajoa, Rio, r. New Mexico, which falls iutfr
the Rio Colorado of California.
J^abal, t. Tunis, in Africa, 32 m. S. S. E. Tunis,
J^abburg, t. Bavaria, 11 m. E. Amberg, Pop.
1,600.
J^abejou, small isl. in the Persian gulf, 50 m. S.
Congo.
J^ablous. See J^aplous.
Nabon, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, 70 m. W. Lar.
JS''achego, large lake of Quito, which flows by a
narrow channel into the river Cahuapanas, in lat.
5" 23' S.
~yachdo, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, at the mouth
NAG
oi a river which falls into the Persian gult It is
defended by a fort, and is under the dominion of
the Wahabi. 50 m. S. S. VV. Lar.
J^achisschevan, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
on the Don. Pop. 4,000.
Js^acho, or Puerto de Calvados, t Mexico, in Hon-
duras, 100 m. W. N. W. Comayagua, 30 N. Gra-
cias a Dies. Lon. 89° 36' W. Lat. 15° N.
Kachody t. Bohemia, on the Metau, 20 m. W.
Glatz. Pop. 1,400.
JVackshievan, or Kuckshievan, t. Persian Arme-
nia, 85 m. S. E. Erivan.
Kacogdochts, t. Mexico, in Texas. Lon. 94°
17' W. Lat. 31° 27' N.
J^acongo, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At-
lantic, in lat. 5" 15' S.
Nadder, r. Eng. which runs into the Willy, at
Wilton.
J^adegadoo, district, on the E. side of Ceylon,
between 7° and and 8° N. lat.
J^adelburg, V. Austria, at the confluence of the
Leitha and the Fischa, 5 m. E. Wienerisch-Neu-
stadt.
JVeidernsee. See Dammische See.
JVaditnskoi, t. Russia, on the gulf of Obi, at the
mouth of the river Nadim. Lon. 73° 44' E. Lat.
66" 25' N.
jXadir, v. Lower Egypt, on the W. bank of the
Nile, 28 m. N. N. W. Cairo.
JVadone, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 47' E.
Lat. 31° 59' N.
Xadudvar, t. Hungary, 21 m. W. S. W. De-
breczin.
J^aefels, t. Switz. in Claris, 4 m. N. Claris.
JVq^j r. Hind, which divides Bengal from Arra-
can.
J^ag''s Head, cape, on the S. end of the W.
«oast of St. Christopher. Lon. 63° 33' W. Lat.
17° 20' N.
Jfagal, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the E. side of the
Ganges. Lon. 78° 10' E. Lat. 29" 43' N.
JVagamangalam, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon.
76" 57' E. Lat. 12° 49' N.
Nagera. See Naxera.
J^agercole. See Bime.
JVugerillaf Laglera, or Aglera, r. Spain, in Old
Castile, which runs into the Ebro, 6 m. N. Cal-
zada.
J^aghery, t. India,^ in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
45' E. Lat. 13°19'N.
Magjery, t. Hind, in Khandesh, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 75° 50' E. Lat. 21° 25' N.
JVagold, t. Wirtemberg, 24 m. W. S. W. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,800.
J^agold, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the
Enz, at Pfortzheim.
J^agore, s-p. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79° 55' E.
Lat. 10° 49' N.
.N'agore, district. Hind, in Ajmeer. N^igore,
the capital, is in lon. 74" 15' E. lat. 27" N.
J^agore, or JS'agorcole, fort. Hind, in the moun-
tains of Sewalic. It is mentioned in hi.«tory as
early as the year 1118, when it was taken by the
Mahometans; but some doubts are entertained
whether it is not the place now called Kangrah ;
which see.
M'agore, or J^''aghore, t. Bengal. Lon. 87" 20' E.
Lat. 23° 56' N.
Kagorebussy, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° E.
Lat. 25° 22' N.
JVagpoor, Chuta, district, Hind, in Bahar, be-
tween 22° and 23° N. lat.
J^agpoor, t Hind, and capital of the Mahratta
N A
491
territories, in the province of Gundwaneh or Be-
rar. Pop. 80,000. Lon. 79° 45' E. Lat. 21° 9' N*
J^agracka, r. Arkansaw Territory, which falls
into the Arkansaw, on the S. W. side, in lon. 99'
20' W. It is navigable 150 miles.
JVagraginskoi, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, 176 m.
N. Tobolsk.
Kagualapa, or St. Pedro, r. Mexico, which runs
into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 19° 30 N.
Nagy Abad, t. Hungary, 40 m. \V. by N. Funf-
kirchen.
J^agyag, v. Transylvania, near Deva, remarka-
ble for a rich mine of tellurium.
Nagyag, r. Hungary, which falls into the great
river 'i'heyss.
JVagy-Bajom, t. Hungary, 26 m. S. S. W. De-
breczin.
Nagy-Banya, or JVeustadt, t. in the N, E. of
Hungary. It is the capital of one of the four large
mining districts into which the whole of Hungary
is divided. Pop. 4,600. 91 m. E. by N. Debrec-
zin.
J^agy-Enyed, or Slrassburg, t. Transylvania, IG
m. N. Carlsburg. Pop. 6,000.
JVagy-Ida, v. Hungary, 10 m. 8. by W. Kas-
chau.
Nagy-KaUo, t. Hungary, 25 m. N. N. E. De-
breczin. Pop. 3,200.
JVagy-Kapos, t. Hungary, 12 m. W. S. W,
Unghvar.
JVagy-Karoly, t. Hungary, 40 m. E. by N. De-
breczin. Pop. 7,600,
Nagy-Kata, t. Hungary, 31 m. E. by S. Pest
Pop. 4*000.
Kagy-Koresch, t. Hungary, 45 m. S. S. E. Pest.
20 W.'S. W. Szolnok. Lon. 19^ 47' 47'' E. Lat.
47" 1' 50" N. Pop. 12,000.
J^asy-Levar, or Gross-Schutzen, t, Hungary, 32
m. N.'E. Vienna. Pop. 3,000.
Auhant, pfniinsula, Mass. in the town of Lynn,
14 m. i\. E. Boston, connected with the main land
by the narrow isthmus called Lynn beach. It is a
cool and dclightt'ul summer retreat, and is a fa-
mous resort of parties of pleasure from Boston^
Salem, Marblehead, and other neighboring towns,
JValie, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine,
at Biugen.
JVahil, r. Barca, in Africa, which falls into the
Mediterranean, Lon. 40° 10' E. Lat. 32° 10' N.
J^ah7i, district, Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna,
between 30" and 32° N. lat. Nahn, the capital,
is a place of considerable strength. Lon. 77° 7'
E. Lat. 30° 41' N.
A''ahr el Berd, r. Syria, which falls into the
Mediterranean, 9 m. N. Tri^wli.
jYahr Eltemasieh or River of Crocodiles, r. Sy-
ria, which falls into the Mediterranean, 6 m. S.
Tortosa.
J\'a/ir Gebail, r. Syria, which falls into the Me-
diterranean, 4 m. S. Ladikieh.
J^ahr Ibrahim, r. Syria, which falls into the
Mediterranean, 20m. N. Bairout.
Nuhr el Kebir, r. Syria, which falls into the Me-
diterranean, 20 m. N. E. Tripoli.
J^ahr Mechattc, r. Palestine, which falls into tlxe
Mediterranean, 3 m. N. Caifa.
Mi/nitlhvapi, lake, Chili, 100 miles in length.
Lon. 70" 40' W. Lat. 41° 22' 30" S.
Maila, t. Bavarian states, 9 m. W. lloL Pop.
1,200.
Xaiiloux, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 20 ni
S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1.200,.
492
NAM
NAN
J^ailly, t. France, in Yonne,on the river Yonrie.
Pop. 900.
J^ailsea,t. En^, in Somersetshire, 9 m. W. S. W.
Bristol. Pop. 1,313.
JVain, in Sac. Geog. city of Palestine, near Ca-
pernaum.
JVam, Moravian settlement, in Pennsylvania, on
Lehigh river, established in 1764. 50 m. N. Phil-
adelphia.
J^aith, in Sac. Geog. See Ramah.
Nairn, a small county of Scotland, bounded N.
by the Moray frith, E. and S. by Morayshire, and
W. by Inverness-shire. The county contains about
128,000 acres, and 8,251 inhabitants.
Nairn, a royal burgh, and cap. of Nairnshire,
at the mouth of the river Nairn, where it falls into
the Moray frith. 15| m. E. by N. Inverness, 102f
N. W. Aberdeen, Pop. nearly 2,000.
Nairn River, r. Scotland, which falls into the
Moray frith at the burgh of JN^airn.
Nairs. See Malabar.
Najac, t. France, 9 ra. S. Villefranche. Pop.
2,100.
Najoo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124"25'E. Lat.l°29'S.
Nakel, or Naklo, t. Prussian Poland, on the
Netze, 16 m, W. by N, Bromberg. Pop. 1,500.
Nakskow, or Naskow, t. Denmark, in the island
of Laaland, 15 m. W. by N. Marieboe. Lon. 11°
9' E. Lat. 54° 50' 20" N. Pop. 1 ,700.
Naldouruh, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging
to the Mahrattas. Lon. 76°45'E. Lat. 17° 27' N.
Naloes, a people of W. Africa, who inhabit the
banks of the Rio Nunez.
Namacul, t. India, subject to the British. It
possesses a strong fort. Lon.78°5'E. Lat. 11°22'N.
Narnagang, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
132° E. Lat. 6° 45' S.
Namaquas, a people of Southern Africa, formingu
branch of the Hottentot race. See Hottentots.
Namasket, r. Mass. which joins Bridgewater
river, to form the Taunton.
Namboody, i. Hind, in Aurungabad, belonging
to the Mahrattas. Lon. 73" 3' E. Lat. 19° 15' N.
NamesstOf t. Hungary, 12 m. N. N. E. Arva.
Pop. 1,400.
Namjio, or j9naphe, small isl. of Eu. Turkey, in
the Grecian archipelago, E. of Santorin. It is
about 15 miles in circumference, and has a few
villages, inhabited by about 400 Greeks. Lon. 25°
48' E. Lat. 36° 28' N.
Namjio Pouln, small isl. in the Grecian archipe-
lago, a little S. of Namfio.
Namiescht, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 25 m.
N. Znaim, 20 W. Brunn.
Namsim, r. Norway, which falls into a strait of
the North sea, between the island of Ottenoe and
the mainland, in about lat. 64° 25' N.
Namslau, t. Prussian states, 29 m. E. by S. Bres-
lau. Pop. 2,800.
Namvr, one of the inlands and southern provin-
ces of the Netherlands, bounded partly by the
French frontier, partly liy the Belgic provinces of
Hainault, South Brabant, and Liege. p]xtent,
about 920 square miles. Pop. 1 15,000. The chief
mannfactures of the province are of iron, copper,
paper, leather, and woollens.
Namur, t. Netherlands, cap. of the foregoing
province, is at the conflux of the Sombre and the
Maese. It is defended by a citadel, built on the
summit of a craggy rock. Here are extensive
manufactures of fire-arms, swords, knives, scis-
sors, and other articles of iron, copper, and brass.
It is noted in history for the long siege which it
sustained in 1692, against Louis XIV. 30 m. S. W.
Liege. Lon. 4° 61' E. Lat. 50° 28' N. Pop.
15,085.
Nanas, t. Hungary, 23 m. N. by W. Debreczin.
Pop. 4,000.
Nanay, r. Quito, which enters the Amazons, in
lat, 3° 37' S.
Nancay, v. France, in Cher, 20 m. N. Bourgess-
Pop. 900.
Nanceville, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana.
Nancowry, one of the Nicobar islands, in the bay
of Bengal. Lon. 93° 43' E. Lat. 7° 57' N.
Nancy, city in the N. E. of France, cap. of
Meurthe. It is in a beautiful plain, on the left
bank of the Meurthe ; is large and well built, and
accounted one of the most pleasant towns in
France. The chief objects of its trade are corn
and wine. Its fortifications, formerly considera-
ble, were dismantled alter the peace of Ryswick
in 1697. 30 m. S. Metz, 16 W, Strasburg, 230 E.
Paris. Lon. 6° 10' E. Lat. 48° 41' N. Pop.
30,000.
Nandaprayaga, place of pilgrimage. Hind, in
Serinagur. Lon. 79° 22' E. Lat. 30° 22' N.
Nandere, district. Hind, about 19° N. lat. and
intersected by the river Godavery. It is 150 miles
long, by about 35 broad, and was formerly denom-
inated Sircar Telinganeh. Nandere, the capital,
is in lon. 77° 35' E. lat. 19° 6' N.
Nandore, t. India, in Circars. Lon. 82° 25' E.
Lat. 17° 27' N.
Nangasacki, a large seaport of Japan, at the S.
W. extremity of the isl. of Ximo. It is the only
point of the empire at which Europeans are per-
mitted to carry on any trade. This permission is
now entirely confined to the Dutch, who are al-
lowed moreover to traffic only on a small scale, and
under the most rigorous restrictions. They are
confined to the island of Desima, only 600 feet
long and 120 broad, immediately adjoining the
town of Nangasacki. It has two gates, one of
which, looking to the town, is always well guard-
ed by the Japanese, and locked at night ; the other
looks to the harbour, and is open only when ves-
sels are discharging or taking in their cargoes.
The Dutch company pay 15 per cent, and private
traders 75 per cent, on all goods imported. The
Japanese town has neither walls nor fortifications.
Lon. 130° 12' E. Lat. 32° 48' N.
Nan-gesu, small isl. near the coast of China.
Lon. ri 9" 24' E. Lat. 25° 6' N.
Nangihan, Point, the S. extremity of the island
of Leyta. Lon. 124° 57' E. Lat. 10° 2' N.
Nangira, or Neonjee, r. Missouri, a S. branch of
the Osage. About 20 miles from its mouth, there
is a perpendicular fall of 90 feet.
Nanheim, t. Hesse-Cassel, 2 m. N. Friedberg,
16 N. N.W. Hanau.
Nanjemoy, p-t. and port of entry, Charles co.
Md, near the river of the same n^me, which flows
into the Potomac. It is a place of some trade.
44 m. from Washington.
Nanfis, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 12 m.
W. Pr'ovins. Pop. 2,000.
Nanka Islands, 3 small islands in the Eastern
seas, near the W. coast of the island of Banca,
Lon. 105° 41' E. Lat. 2° 22' S.
Nankang, a city of China, of the first rank, in
Kiangsee, on a branch of the Poyang lake. Lon.
115°39'E. Lat. 29° 33' N.
Nanking, a large city of China, not equalled
NAN
perhaps by any in the world for the extent of
ground inclosed within its walls. Nanking was
at one time the imperial city and capital of South-
ern China; but since the seat of §;overnment, and
the six great tribunals, were transferred to Pekin,
it has lost its importance, and a considerable share
of its population. About a third of its area is
now supposed to be unoccupied. Its situation,
however, is highly advantageous for commerce,
being on the S. bank of the river Yang-tse-kiang,
the largest in the empire; and vessels of great
burden were once accustomed to sail up to it ; and
it still enables Nanking to communicate by barks
with all the interior of the empire, while the great
canal affords a navigation to Pekin. This city is
distinguished by its manufactures, above the rest
of the empire. The staple one is silk, particularly
that of plain and flowered satins. Its principal
ornaments are the gateways, which are very lofty
and splendid, and the porcelain tower. This cel-
ebrated pagoda is of an octagonal form, 9 stories
high, and mounted by 884 steps. Lon. 118° 34'
E. Lat.32M'N.
J^an-ning, city of China, of the first rank, in
Quangsee. Lon. 107'' 44' E. Lat. 22° 44' N.
Nanmickloo, small isl. near the E. coast of Lab-
rador. Lon. 60"VV. Lat. 56° 50' N.
JVansan, small isl. near the coast of China. Lon,
119° 29' E. Lat. 26° 50' N.
J^ansemond, co. in the S. E part of Va. Pop.
10,324. Slaves, 4,462. Chief town, Suffolk.
J^ansemond, r. Va. which rises in Dismal swamp,
and falls into James river, a little W. of Elizabeth
river. It is navigable to Sleepy hole for vessels of
250 tons ; to Suffolk for those of 100 tons ; and to
Milners for those of 25 tons.
JVant, t. France, in Aveyron, 10 m. S. E. Mil-
haud, 18 N. Lodeve. Pop. 1,000.
Nanlasket Road, the entrance into Boston har-
bour, Mass. S. of the lighthouse. It affords safe
anchorage in from 5 to 7 fathoms water.
Mantchang, or Nanchang, city, China, capital
of Kiangsee. It carries on a considerable trade
in porcelain. Lon. 115° 30' E. Lat. 28° 36' N.
J^anterre, t. France, 5 m. W. Paris.
JVantes, a large commercial city in the W. of
France, cap. of Loire Inferieure, on the right
bank of the Loire, 27 m. from its mouth. It con-
tains a number of manufactures. The principal
are for the spinning, weaving, and printing of cot-
ton ; also for making woollens and linens of various
qualities. Here are likewise manufactures of
cordage, earthenware, of glass, of hardware, and
of spirituous liquors. Ship-building, also, is car-
ried on to a considerable extent. The foreign
trade, though not great, extend? to a number of
different countries. The intercourse with Ame-
rica is active and increasing. From the West In-
dies the chief import is sugar, for which there are
fifteen refineries in the town. By means of the
Loire and its tributary streams, it sends its mer-
chandize into the interior of the kingdom. Nantes
is the see of a bishop. It has been the seat of sev-
eral ecclesiastical councils, and is noted in history
for the celebrated edict issued there in 1598, by
Henry IV. in favour of the Protestants, the recal
of which, in 1685, by Louis XIV. is justly consid-
ered a fatal error in that memorable reign. The
environs of Nantes are delightful, particularly on
the banks of the Loire. Lon. 1° 22' W. Lat. 47°
13' N.
Kanteuil en Vallee, t. France, in Charente, 30
m. N. by E. Angouleme. Pop. 1,200.
N A O
493
A''anteuil le Haudouin, t. France, in Oise, 36 m,
N. E. Paris. Pop. 1,400.
Nantiat, t. France, in Upper- Vienne, 16 m. N.
W. Limoges. Pop. 1,600.
J^anticoke, r. Eastern shore of Md. which rises
in Delaware and runs into Fishing bay in the
Chesapeake.
JVanticoke, p-t. Broome co. N. Y.
JS'antmill, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,544,
Nanlmill, West, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Bran-
dy wine. Pop. 1,188.
JVantua, t. France, 36 m. W. Geneva. Pop.
2,800.
Nantucket, island, Mass. about 10 m. E. Mar-
tha's Vineyard, and 24 S. of Cape Cod. It lies
between 41° 13' and 41° 22' N. lat. and between
69" 56' and 70° 13' W. lon. It is 15 miles long, and
contains about 50 sq. miles. The climate is mild
compared with thatof the adjacent continent. The
soil is light and sandy, but in some parts is rich
and productive, particularly in hay. It was for-
merly well wooded, but there is not now a single
tree of native growth. The land is chiefly held in
common by the inhabitants. All the cows, amount-
ing to about 500, feed together in one herd ; all
the sheep, 14,000 in one pasture. The inhabi-
tants are principally robust, enterprising seamen,
extensively engaged in the whale fishery, and they
have the reputation of being the most skilful and
adventurous seamen in the world. They suffered
severely both in the revolutionary and late war,
a large portion of their shipping being captured
by the British. Since the peace, however, the
whale fishery has revived, and they had in 1818,
45 ships, averaging more than three hundred tons,
employed in this business. There are 30 sperma-
ceti works on the island, employing a capital of
$600,000. To the S. E. of this island are the Nan-
tucket shoals, where numerous vessels have been
shipwrecked. They extend about 50 miles in
length, and 45 in breadth. Pop. in 1810, 6,807.
Nantucket, p-t. and port of entry on the above
island, 30 m. S. E. Falmouth, 60 S. E. New Bed-
ford, 123 S. S. E. Boston. It is on a harbor, in-
cluded within a large bay, which stretches along
the whole northern side of the island, from Sandy
point on the N. E. to Eel point on the W. The
bay makes a fine road for ships, except with the
wind at N. W. when there is a heavy swell. The
harbor is completely safe from all winds, being
almost land-locked, the points at its entrance ap-
proaching within a mile of each other. There is
a bar of sand at the mouth of the harbor on which
there is only 7^ feet of water at low tide. Nan-
tucket is the only town on the island, and con-
tains 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, 5 houses of
public worship, 2 for Friends, 2 for Congregation-
alists, 1 for Methodists. Pop. 6,807.
Nantucket Shoal, a bank about 50 miles long,
and 45 broad, extending S. E, from the island of
its name.
Nantucket Bay, N. J. Delaware bay, opposite
Bombay Hook.
Nantwich, or Namptwich, t. Eng. in Chester co.
a pretty considerable trading and manufacturing
town. The chief business is the manufacture of
salt and shoes. 20 m. S. E. Chester, 165 N. W,
London. Lon. 2° 31' W. Lat. 53° 4' N. Pop.
3,990.
Na7i-Yang, t. China, of the first rank, in Honan.
Lon. 1 12° 14' E. Lat. 33° 36' N.
Nao, Cape, promontory of Spain, on the coast
of Valencia. Lon. e° 11' 10 " E. Lat. 38° 44' 40' N.
494
NAP
NAP
Naours, t, France, in Somme, 9 m. N. Amiens.
Pop. 1,500.
JVapagedl, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, on the
March, 38 m. E. Brunn. Pop. 2,300.
JVapakiang, s-p. great Loochoo island, about 5
m. from the capital. Lon. 127° 37' E. Lat. 26°
13' N.
Naples, country in the S. of Italy, forming the
continental part of the kingdom of the two Sici-
lies, bounded N. W. by the States of the Church,
N. E. by the Adriatic, and S. and W. by the
Mediterranean. It extends from 13° 16' to 18°
60' E. lon. and from 37° 46' to 42° 55' N. lat. It
is of an irregular shape, and in comparing the Ital-
ian peninsula to a boot, it forms the foot and low-
er part of the leg. Extent, 30,000 sq. miles.
Pop. above 5,000,000 by the returns of 1818. It
is divided into the 15 following provinces :
Napoli or Naples. Molise.
Terra di Lavoro. Terra di Bari.
Principato Citra. Terra d'Otranto.
Principato Ultra. Basilicata.
Abruzzo Ultra I. Calabria Citra.
Abruzzo Ultra II. Calabria Ultra I.
Abruzzo Citra. Calabria Ultra II.
Capitanata.
The surface of this kingdom is mountainous,
but it contains also a number of beautiful plains
and extensive vallies, which, under the influence
of an invariably mild climate, present a luxuri-
ance of vegetation, and a beauty of scenery, hard-
ly to be met with in any other part of Europe.
The kingdom is traversed by the great chain of
the Appenines. The southern part of the king-
dom of Naples is subject to volcanoes and earth-
quakes, which are sometimes so violent as to bury
■whole cities in their ruins. Marshes are found on
various parts of the sea coast, and by their insa-
lubrity, render some of the most fertile tracks al-
tnost uninhabitable. The soil is light, and in
some parts volcanic, but in general fertile. The
most common kinds are wheat, Indian corn, bar-
ley, and in the colder situations rye. Nothing
can be ruder than the agricultural implements.
In many parts the grain is still separated from the
straw by the trampling of cattle ; in other parts
by two oxen dragging a rough and heavy stone,
which breaks the sheaves, and shakes out the ears
of the corn. The other products are rice in the
marshy tracts, cotton, tobacco, olives, flax, and
hemp. — Manufactures in this country are still in
their infancy, which arises from injudicious taxa-
tion, and the insecurity of property. The capital
has a great manufactory of porcelain, and another
of fire-arms. The navigation and commerce of
the kingdom are limited. The exports are con-
fined to raw produce, such as oil, silk, wool, fruit ;
to which are added, in smaller quantities, corn,
cotton, and wine. The imports are principally
brought from Britain, or in British vessels. A
commercial treaty concluded in February 1816,
placed British subjects on a similar footing, as to
privileges and taxation, with the natives. In
January 1799, the city of Naples was entered by
the French ; but was evacuated in June following,
and the country was governed by its own sove-
reign till the spring of 1806, when the city was
again occupied by the French, and Joseph Bona-
parte was soon after Y^roclaimed king; and, in
1808, on his removal to Spain, the crown was con-
ferred on Murat. After the final defeat of the
Neapolitan army by the Austrians in the spring of
1815, the city of Naples was surreodered early io
May to a British squadron; and on 17th June,
king Ferdinand, after an absence of 9 years, made
his entrance into his capital, where he was receiv-
ed with enthusiastic acclamations. In 1820, a
revolution took place in imitation of that of Spain,
and the people and army obtained from the king,
a proclamation of the Spanish constitution. The
emperor of Austria, however, fearing that his
Italian subjects might catch the revolutionary
spirit, in March 1821 sent a powerful army into
the country, which occupied the capital and other
principal places, and terminated the revolution
without much opiwsition.
JVaples, a very large city in the S. W. of Italy,
and cap. of the kingdom of Naples. The situa-
tion is one of the most delightful that can be im-
agined. Seated partly on the declivity of a hill,
partly on the margin of a spacious bay, it spreads
its population along the shore, and covers the
shelving coasts and adjacent eminences, with its
villas and gardens. The bay is extensive, and
presents an almost unrivalled assemblage of pic-
turesque and beautiful scenery. In point of size
and population, Naples ranks after London, Paris,
and Constantinople, being the fourth city of Eu-
rope. The circumference is commonly computed
at 9 miles; but including all the suburbs, it is up-
wards of 18. The streets, though in general nar-
row, are straight, and tolerably regular : they are
handsomely paved with large flags of lava ; and,
since the French occupied the city, and introduc-
ed improvements, most of them have been lighted
with lamps, suspended, as in Paris, across the
middle of the street The Strada di 'Toledo is the
finest street in Naples, and one of the best in Eu-
rope. It is broad, straight, well paved, and bor-
dered in its whole length with elegant buildings.
The houses are in general six or seven stories
high, flat roofed, and covered with a kind of stuc-
co.— The fortifications of Naples are not adapted
to resist an army, though the city is surrounded
with a wall, and defended by a number of towers,
as well as by three large castles. — Of the public
edifices of Naples, the churches are the most con-
spicuous ; but their splendor consists less in ele-
gance of architecture, than in the richness of their
paintings, marbles, and other decorations. The
university was founded in 1224. The building is
divided into several compartments, and contains,
1st, the library, with 90,000 volumes ; 2d, the cabi-
net of manuscripts of Werculaneum, with the vari-
ous machines for unfolding them ; 3d, the museum
of paintings ; 4th, that of sculpture ; 5th, a collec-
tion of bronzes of Herculaneum and Pompeii ;
and 6th, a collection of Etruscan vases. The
charitable establishments are numerous and well
endowed. The total number is above sixty ; of
these, seven are hospitals ; above thirty are schools
for poor children of both sexes, who are boarded
and educated.
The trade of Naples, though great for so inac-
tive a country as the south of Italy, is small when
compared to the crowded seaports of England and
Holland. Its exports are confined to the products
of the adjacent country, such as silk, wool, cot-
ton, oil, wine, corn, and fruit. The imports are
various, consisting both of articles of necessity
and luxury, of colonial produce, and of manu-
factures.
The population amounts to 330,000, of whom,
according to a recent estimate, 155,000 are males,
and 175,000 females. The higher ranks are fre-
quently ignorant, friyoloUB, and dissipated, while
N A R
the lower orders are indolent and superstitious.
The Lazzaroni are a part of the populace with-
out either dwellings or regular occupation. They
may be said to spend their life in the streets saun-
tering about during the day, and sleeping at night
under a public portico, on the pavement, or on
the steps of a church. Their number is said to
have been formerly between 30,000 and 40,000,
and is still considerable. Naples literally swarms
with nobility without fortunes, priests without
benefices, and beggars of all descriptions. The
charge of want of cleanliness is unfortunately
nearly as applicable here as at Rome, the rooms
being infested with fleas and other vermin. Sea-
bathmg, though so easily within reach, is very
little resorted to by the inhabitants. The envi-
rons of Naples are fertile, picturesque, and highly
interesting to the antiquary and classical scholar.
Vesuvius, the Solfatara, the curious cavern called
the Grotta del Cane, the baths of Nero, the tomb
of Virgil, the remains of the baths of LucuUus,
ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii, are all in its
vicinity. In 1803, the city suffered severely from
an earthquake. 1 10 m. S. E. Rome, 380 S. S. E.
Milan, and nearly 1 ,000 S. E. Paris. Lon. 14° 15'
E. Lat. 40" 50' N.
Naples, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 18 m. S. Canan-
daigua, 216 W. Albany. Pop. 637.
Naples Bay, bay of lake Ontario, in Hender-
son, N. Y.
Naplous, or Napolose, city, Palestine, the an-
cient Sichem, capital of tlie Samaritans. It is
frequented by caravans from Egypt. The chief
objects here venerated and visited, are the tombs
of Joseph and Joshua, which seem to be fixed at
Sichem by the unquestionable statements of sa-
cred writ. Still greater reverence, however, is
attached by the inhabitants to the spot called Ja-
cob's Well, about three miles on the road to Je-
rusalem. 24 m. N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35° 22' E.
I^at. 32° 16' N.
JVapo, r. Quito, which joins the Amazon on the
N. shore, in lat. 3°26'S.
JVapoli di Malvasia, Monembasia, or Mengesche,
t. Eu. Turkey, on a peninsula in the E. of the
Morea, 55 m. S. by E. Napoli di Romania. Pop.
6,000.
Napoli di Romaniy t. Eu. Turkey, in the E. of
the Morea, on a bay of the same name, on a rocky
promontory, which forms an excellent harbor,
capable of containing 150 ships of war. It is the
best built place in the Morea, and is tolerably for-
tified, and carries on a trade in corn, oil, wine,
and cotton. It is the see of a bishop. 1 0 m. S. S.
E. Argos, 20 N. E. Tripolizza. Lon. 22° 48 E.
Lat. 37° 39' N.
Napotose. See Naplous.
Nap-pah, t. Hind, in Gujerat, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 73° 15' E. Lat. 22° 2t' N.
Naraingunge, t. Bengal, on a branch of the
Brahmapootra. The inhabitants carry on an ex-
tensive traffic in grain, salt, tobacco, and lime.
Lon. 00° 35' E, Lat. 23° 37' N. Pop. 15,000.
Naraingur, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon. 87°
35' E. Lat. 22° 11' N.
Narangabad, t. Hind. inOude. Lon. 80° 30' E.
Lat. 27° 45' N.
Naranjal, or Naranjos, 2 islands of the Pacific,
in the gulf of Panama. Lat. 2° 28' S.
Naranjos, small islands among the Philippines,
12 m. N. E. Masbate. Lon. 123° 54' E. Lat. 12°
29' N.
N A R
495
Naransas, Punta de, cape, on the N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 75° 30' W. Lat. 43" 20' N.
Narasinghapoory i. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77°
5' E. Lat. 12° 8' N.
Narbeih, t. Wales, in Pembroke co. 9 m. N.
Tenby, 255 W. London, Lon. 4° 43' W. Lat. SI**
48' N. Pop. 1,979.
Narbonne, t. France, in Aude. It was once
strongly fortified ; but at present a wall flanked
with bastions is its only defence. It has some trade
in corn, and an extensive traffic in honey and
wax, the produce of the neighbourhood. It is the
see of an archbishop 37 m. N. E. Perpignan, 70
S. W. Montpelier. Lon. 3° E. Lat. 43° 11' N.
Pop. 9,000.
Narborough Island, small isl. in the Pacific
ocean, near the coast of Chili. Lon. 76° 12' W.
Lat. 45° 12' S.
Narcondam, isl. of the bay of Bengal, 27 leagues
E. Great Andaman. Lon. 94° 12* E. LaL 13°
25' N.
Narden. See Naarden.
Nardo, t. Naples, in the Terra d'Otranto. Pop.
3,500. It is the see of a bishop. 30 m. W, Otran-
to, 50 E. S. E. Tarento.
Nare, r. New Granada, which enters the Mag-
dalena on the W. near Honda.
Narenta, or Narenza, r. Dalmatia, which runs
into the Adriatic at Fort Opus.
Narenta, or Narenza, i. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia,
on the river Narenta, 75 m. N. N. E. Spalatro.
Narew, r. Poland, which joins the Bug, after
which the united stream runs into the Vistula, at
Nowydwor.
Nargen, or Nargo, small island of Russia, in the
gulf of Finland, near Revel. Lon. 24° 36' E. Lat.
39°30'N.
Nariadf t. Hind, in Giyerat. Lon. 72° 59' E.
Lat. 22° 42' N.
Narikee, t. Hind, in Agra, belonging to the Brit-
ish. Lon. 78° 20' E. Lat. 27° 18' N.
Narlak, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 87° 35' E. Lat»
22°11'N.
Nam, r. Austria, which joins the Danube, on
the N. side, at Eitzendorf.
Namallah, t. and fort, Hind, in Berar, belonging
to the rajah of Nagpore. Lon. 77° 30' E. Lat. 21*
40' N.
Nami, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 40
m. N. Rome. It is the see of a bishop. Pop.
5,000.
Narnoul, district. Hind, in Agra. Narnoul, the
capital, is in lon. 76° 8' E. Lat. 28° 4' N.
Naro, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, about 15
m. from the sea coast, HE. Girgenti. It is a
strong military position. Pop. 12,000.
Narova, r. Russia, which issues from the lake of
Peipus, and falls into the gulf of Finland, near Nar-
va.
Narovtschat, t. Eu. RiAsia, in the government ol
Penza, 70 ra. N, W. Penza. Pop. 2,700.
Narraganset bay, a bay of R. Island, which runs
from N. to S. dividing the State into two parts, and
communicates with the ocean between Point Ju-
dith on the W. and Point Seaconet on the E. It is
about 30 miles long, and 15 broad, and embraces
several very considerable islands. The north-east
arm of the bay is called Mount Hope bay ; the N.
W. arm, Greenwich bay ; and the northern arm,
Providence bay. The principal rivers which fall
into it are Providence river from the north, and.
Taunton river from the N. E. The commission-
496
N A S
ers who were appointed to examine the coast of
the United States, in 1817, were of opinion
that this bay presented the best site for a naval
depot in the Union, north of Chesapeake bay. It is
accessible from the sea at all seasons of the year ;
it affords capacious harbours, can be entered from
the ocean in a few hours' sail ; it is not susceptible
of a continued blockade ; nor is it obstructed by
ice.
JVarraguagits, bay on the coast of Maine, joining
Machias bay. It receives a river of the same
JVarraguagus, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on
the Narraguagus, 37 m, W. Machias.
JVarrows, The, channel between Long Island and
Staten Island, connecting New- York bay with the
Atlantic, 9 m. S. New-York. The channel is 1,905
yards wide, and is defended by forts and batte-
ries.
JVarrows, The, strait, about 3 miles broad, be-
tween the islands of Nevis and St Christopher's,
in the West Indies.
Narsingah, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 85° 20' E.
Lat. 20° 41' N.
JVarsingur, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon. 86"
40° E. Lat. 22° 34' N.
Jiarsipoor, t. Hind, in Northern Circars, on the
Godavery, about 10 miles from the sea. Lon. 81"
50' E. Lat. 16° 21' N.
Narva, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Narova, 83
m. W. S. W. St. Petersburg. Pop. 3,600.
JVarungpore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the W.
bank of the Ganges, nearly opposite Buxar.
J^aruar, district, Hind, in Agra. Narwar, the
capital, is on the S. E. side of the Sinde river, and
is now in possession of Sindia. Lon. 78° 12* E. Lat.
25° 41' N.
JSTarym, t. A. Russia, on the Obi, near its conflu-
ence with the Ket. 220 m. N. Tomsk. Lat. 59°
13' N.
J^asas, Rio, r. New Spain, in Durango, which
empties itself into the Lake Cayman.
Nasbinals, t. France, in Lozere, 28 m. W. by N.
Mende, Pop. 1,600.
JVasca, t. Peru, with a fine harbour, 190 m, S. E.
Lima. Lon. 75" 6' W. Lat. 14° 48' S.
JVascara, r. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, which
falls into the gulf of Squillace.
Xaseby, v. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 12^ m.
N. N. W. Northampton. Pop. 598.
Mash, CO. in the central partof N.C. Pop. 7,268,
including 2,897 slaves. At the court-house is a
post-office.
JVashuan, one of the Elizabeth islands, Mass. at
the mouth of Buzzard's bay, and nort-west of Mar-
tha's Vineyard.
Nashua, r. which rises in Worcester co. Mass.
and runs into the Merrimack at Dunstable, N. H.
Its course is N. N. E. 40 miles.
Nashville, p-t. and cap. Davidson co. Tennessee,
on the S. side of Cumberland river, 275 m. S. W.
Lexington, 620 S. W. Pittsburg, 200 W. Knox-
ville; 580 N. W. Charleston ; 430 N. N. E. Natch-
ez, 480 by Gen. Jackson's road N. N. E. New-Or-
leans. Lat. 36° 4' N. Lon. 87" W. It is situated
in the midst of a very fertile and populous coun-
try, and is the largest and most flourishing town in
the State. In 1810, more than one third of the
population of Tennessee was included within a
circle of 30 miles around Nashville. The steam-
boats ply between this place and New Orleans.
The Cumberland is navigable for vessels of 30 or
10 torn dtiring the greater part of the year, and in
NAT
the highest floods, for vessels of 400 tons. In 1818,
the town contained a court-house, jail, market-
house, 2 banks, 2 printing-offices, several manu-
factories, and upwards of 3,000 inhabitants.
Nashwactish, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into the St. John, in lon. 66' 46' W. lat. 46° 4' N.
Nasielsk, t. Poland, 27 m. N. by E. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,200.
J\assau was formerly the name of several prin-
cipalities in the German empire, all of which are
now united under one head, and form an indepen-
dent duchy in the Germanic confederation. Its
boundaries are tlie Prussian territory on the Low-
er Rhine, and the different states of the princes of
Hesse. It lies in the W. of Germany, between 49°
55' and 50° 49' N. Lat. Area, 2,186 square miles.
Population in 1818, 302,767. Revenue, 176,000/.
Army, between 2,000 and 3,000 men. "The rivers
are the Rhine to the W. the Mame to the S. and the
Lahn in the interior. In 1814, there were 120
Lutheran, 97Calvinist, and 152 Catholic church-
es. The prince himself was a Calvinist, but the
two protestant parties have long professed the
the greatest liberality of sentiment ; and in Au-
gust 18l7,they agreed to lay aside their distinctive
appellations, and to unite in one body under the ti-
tle of Evangelical Christians.
Nassau, t. in the duchy of Nassau, on the Lahn.
This is the only place that belongs in common to
the king of the Netherlands and the duke of Nas-
sau. 10 m. W. S. W. Limburg.
Nassau, or Poggy Islands, chain of islands ofl
the W. coast of Sumatra, at the distance of 20 or
30 leagues, extending from lat. T 18' to 3" 16' S.
Pop. about 1,400.
Nassau, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 15 m. S. E. Al
bany. Pop. 2,510.
Nassau, r. Florida, which runs into the sea, in
lon. 81° 42' W. lat. 30" 44' N.
Nassau, the capital of the island of New Provi-
dence, one of the Bahamas, on the N. part of the
island.
Nassau Bay, bay on the S. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lat. 55" 39° S.
Nassau, Cape, cape on the coast of Surinam.
Lon. 59° 30' W. Lat. 7" 40' N.
Nassau, Fort, fort, Netherlands, in Brabant, on
the Scheldt, between Tolen and Bergen-op-
Zoom.
Nassenfuss, t. Austrian States, 5 m. N. Rudolfs-
werth.
Nassogne, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 21 m. S. E.
Dinant. Pop. 900.
Nassuck, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, belonging to
the Mahrattas. Lon. 73° 53' E. Lat. 19° 49' N.
Nastede, t. Germany, in tlie duchy of Nassau, 15
m. S. E. Coblentz.
Nata, or Santiago de las CabalUros, city, S.
America, 73 m. S. W. Panama. Lon. 80° 17' W.
Lat. 8° 21' 50" N.
Nata Point, or Chaumu Cape, the W. point of
the gulf of Panama.
Nataama, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 78° 48'
E. Lat. 20° 7' N.
Natachquoin, r. Labrador, which runs into the
sea, lon. 60° 45' W. lat. 50° 25' N.
Natal, or Natar, a Malay settlement on the S.
W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98° 57' E. Lat. 32° N.
Natal, r. E. Africa, with a town at its mouth, in
the country of the Tambookies. The town is in
lon. 31° 30' E. Lat. 29° 56' S.
Natal, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 47° 5
E. Lat. 8° 30' S,
NAT
N A U
49?
Katchaug, r. Ct. which joins the Shetucket in
Windham.
J^alches, city, in Adams co. Mississippi, on the
E. bank of Mississippi river, more than 300 miles
above New-Orleans by the course of the river, and
156 by land ; 430 S. S. W. Nashville. Lat. 31" 33'
N. Lon. 91" 20' W. Pop. in 1810, 1,311 ; and in
in 1818, about 2,500. The greater part of the
town stands on a bluff, upwards of 150 feet above
the surface of the river. The houses have an air
of neatness, though few are distinguished for size
or elegance. There is a considerable inequality
in the surface of the hill, which prevents hand-
some streets. Business is transacted principally
at the bottom of the bluff, on the margin of the riv-
er, where there is a large eddy v/hich enables
boats to land with safety and convenience. Natch-
ez is fineij' situated for a commercial depot. The
country in its rear consists of exceilent cotton
lands, and is laid out in extensive plantations. The
income of the first planters is princely; from 5,000
to 30,000 dollars per annum. Labour is perform-
ed almost exclusively by slaves. The town con-
tains a court-house, a bank, with a capital of
3,000,000, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Roman Catholics and 1 for Presbyterians.
J\''atchitoches, pronounced Xakitosk, p-t. Natchi-
toches CO. Louisiana, on the W. bank of Red river,
200 miles above its junction with the Mississippi,
80 above Alexandria, 200 N. W. New-Orleans, in
a direct line, and 358 by the road, 722 S. S. W. St.
Louis. Lat. 31" 46' N. Lon. 93" W. It is the
largest town in Louisiana west of the Mississippi.
The French established it as a military post in
1717, and about one third of the inhabitants at
present are of French origin. Before the revolu-
tion in Texas in 1811, it was the centre of a con-
siderable trade carried on between Louisiana and
the Spanish provinces. The population in 1818,
was estimated at more than 600, exclusive of the
garrison.
JValers, v. Swiss canton of the Valais, 32 m. E.
by N. Sion.
JVa^icfc, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Charles
river, 18 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 766.
JVatistagoet Harbour, harbour on the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 60" 55' W. Lat. 50° 6' N.
J^alividad, t. Brazil, in Goyas. Lon. 31° 20^ W.
Lat. 13" 30' S.
J^ativldad, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 244°
eO' E. Lat. 27° 57' N.
JVatolia, ov Jlnatolia, province, Asiatic Turkey,
bounded N. by the Black sea, E. by Caramania,
S. by the Mediterranean, and W. by the Archi-
pelago and the sea of Marmora. It is about 400
miles long from E. to VV. and 350 in its greatest
breadth. The soil is fertile, producing corn, to-
bacco, cotton, and fruits of various kinds. The
majority of the inhabitants are Mahometans, but
there are many Greek Christians. Natolia, in a
more extensive sense, includes Aladulia and Ca-
ramania; and with this extent its population is es-
timated at 6,000,000,
JVatradacotta, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 78°
lO'E. Lat.8°46'N.
JVatlore, t. Bengal, on the N. bank of the Attri
liver. Lon. 88° 55' E. Lat. 24° 25' N.
Natuna Isle, Great, isl. in the China sea, off the
N. E. coast of Borneo. Lat. 4" N.
Nahmas Isles, JS^orth, small islands in the China
seas. Lon. 109° E. Lat. 4" 45' N.
JVatunas Isles, South, small islands off the N. W.
coast of Borneo, Lon . 109° F. Lat. 3° >I.
63
JVatural bridge. See Cedar creek.
J^atsa, V. Germany, in Saxe-Gothe, 10 m. S.by
W. Muhlhausen.
Nava, Cape, cape of Naples, on the E. coast of
Calabria, 4 m. S. S. W. Cape Colona. Lon. 17°
28' E. Lat. 39° 2' N.
J^avace, La, small isl. in the West Indies, be-
tween Jamaica and Hispaniola. Lon. 74° 50' W.
Lat. 18° 23' N.
JYavacott, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 83° 27' E.
Lat. 28" 57' N.
JVavakara, district, Ceylon, on the W. coast,
about 8° N. lat.
JYaval, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. N. Balbas-
tro.
JVavalaise, t. Savoy, 6 m. W. Chamberry.
JVaran, t. Ireland, in Meath, 7 m. N. E, Trim,
23 N. W. Dublin. Lon. 6° 41' W. Lat. 53^ 38' N.
Navarin, ovAmrin, t. Eu. Turkey, on the S.W.
coast of the Morea. It is a place of considerable
trade. Its port is the largest in the Morea, and is
even said to be capable of containing 2,000 sail.
72 m. S. W. Argos, 88 S. W.'Corinth. Lon. 21°
25' E, Lat. 37" 5' N. Pop. 3,000.
JVavarre, province, Spain, bounded by France
on the N. E. and Old Castile on the S. VV. Area,
2,474 sq. miles. Pop. about 230,000. The chief
town is Pampeluna. There are ten passes bt^tween
this province and France, but only two or three
are exempt from difficulty. The wine of Navarre
is in general of good quality. The other produc-
tions are hemp, filax, fruit, pulse, and a little oil.
The liquorice called Spanish in England, is chief-
ly the produce of Navarre.
Kararre, New, formerly a province of Mexico,
bounded N. by a country unknown, E. by New
Mexico and New Biscay, S. by Culiacan, and W.
by the gulf of California. The country is now
divided into intendancies.
Navarreins, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m.
N. W. Oleron. Pop. 1,300.
jXaucelle, t. France, in Aveyron, 18 m. S. E.
Rhodez. Pop. 1,200.
JVaiidersberg, or Nodrio, v. Tyrol, near the Inn,
13 m. N. Glurentz. Pop. 1,100.
JVave, Cape, Spain, on the VV. coast of Galicia,
a little N. of Cape Finisterre. Lon. 9° 20' W,
Lat. 42° 58' N.
Nareille, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 3 ra. S.
VV. Vendome. Pop. 1,300.
Nauen, t Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 22
m. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 2,700.
Naucnhof, t. Saxony, 8 m. E. Leipsic.
JVaver, r. Scotland, in Sutherland, which runs
into the ocean at the bay of Torisdale.
Jfavcs, t. France, in Correze, 3 m. N. TuUe^
Pop. 2,000.
JVaugardl, t. Prussia, in Fomerania, 22 m, N.
Stargard. Pop. 1,000.
JVaugatuck, r. Ct. which flows S. and joins the
Housatonnuc, at Derby, to form Stratford river.
JVavia, t. Spain, in Asturias, 46 m. VV. N. VV.
Oviedo.
Navigator'' s Islands, a cluster of islands in the
South Pacific ocean, about ten in number, be-
tween 169" and 172° 30' W. lon. and below lat. 13°
23' S. The inhabitants of these islands are repre-
sented by Perouse as remarkably stout and well
made. The fruit trees and nutritious roots which
grow spontaneously ai'ound them, ensure them
subsistence without labor.
Kaumburg, t. Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg,
on t^^e Saalo, The inhabitants carry oa sererdl
498
N A Z
NED
manufactures, particularly of stockings, gloves,
caps, leather, soap, starch, and gunpowder. 18 m.
S. S. W. Merseburg, 28 W. S. W. Leipsic. Lon.
ir 40' E. Lat. 51" 8' N. Pop. 12,000.
JVaumburg, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 16 m.
W. S. VV. Cassel. Pop. 1,500.
KaumbuTg on the ^ueiss, t. Prussian states, 1 1
m. N. W. Lauenberg. Pop. 1,000.
J^ttutpore, t. Bengal, in Purneah. Lon. 86° 58'
E. Lat. 26° 17' N.
J^avy, t. Orleans co. Vt. 48 m. N. E. Montpelier.
Pop. 56.
JVavy Island, small isl. off the N. coast of Jamai-
ca. Lon. 76° 10' W. Lat. 18° 13' N.
JVavy Island, isl. N. Y. in the river Niagara,
about 3 miles in circumference, 1 J m. above the
falls.
Naxera, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 44
m. E. by N. Burgos. Pop. 3,000.
Naxia, or J^axos, isl. Eu. Turkey, in the Gre-
cian archipelago. Extent, 170 sq. miles. Pop.
about 10,000, mostly Greeks. 5 m. E. of the isl.
of Paros. Lon. 23° 2' to 23° 19' E. Lat. 36° 56' to
37° N. JS'axia, the chief town, is on a small bay
of the S. coast. It is the seat of a Greek and of a
Catholic archbishop.
JVay, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m. S. S.
E. Pau. Pop. 2,400.
JVay, t. France, in Auvergne, 6 m. W. Le Puy.
Pop. 1,300.
JVay, or Ae, r. France, which falls into the Cha-
rente, opposite Cognac.
JVayevwu, t. Bondou, in W. Africa, 12 m. S. W.
Fatteconda.
J^ayland. See J^eyland.
J^ayo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
N. coast of Celebes.^ Lon. 124° 24' E. Lat. 1°
24' N.
Nazaire, t. France, near the mouth of the Loire,
33 m. W. Nantes. Pop. 3,000.
JVazareth, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders,
near the Scheldt, 9 m. S. W. Ghent. Pop. 4,300.
Nazareth, village of Palestine, celebrated as
the residence of our Saviour, during the first
thirty years of his life. The reverence justly
claimed by this circumstance, has been improved
by superstition, into the means of extorting large
sums of money from the pilgrims to the Holy
Land. A convent has been founded, containing
about 14 friars of the Franciscan order. The
church attached to it is erected over a cave,
which is asserted to have been the residence of
the Virgin Mary. In this cave are shewn her
kitchen and fire-place. The monks shew also the
workshop of Joseph, and the precipice where
Christ saved himself from the fury of the multi-
tude. Nazareth now forms part of the pachalic of
Acre; and the oppression of Djezzar Pacha has
reduced it to a wretched state of indigence and
misery. 50 m. N. Jerusalem.
Nazareth, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At-
lantic near Cape Lopez Gonsalvo.
Nazareth, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. 10 m. N.
Bethlehem, 63 N. by W , Philadelphia. It is regu-
larly built, and contains a Moravian school.
Nazareth, Upper and Lower, two town.?, North-
ampton CO. Perm. Pop. 535, and 748.
Nazelles, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 3 m. N.
Amboise. Pop. 1,000.
Nazim, r. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, which falls in-
to the Obi after a course of 160 miles.
Nazook, large lake in the mountainous part of
Armenia, 3 miles long, snd 5 broR(i
Ne. See Nay.
Neamutserai,t. Afghanistan. Lon. 71° 5©'E. Lat-
33° 3^ N.
Neapolis, in Thrace. See Cavala.
Neas. See Nias.
Neath, borough t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. a
place of considerable trade, on the E. bank of tb*
Neath, about three miles from the Bristol channel.
In the neighbourhood are some iron forges, exten-
sive tin works, and smelting works for copper. 8
m. N. E. Swansea, 197 W. London. Lon. 3° 46'
W. Lat. 51" 39' N. Pop. 2,740.
Neauphle le Chateau, t. France, in Seine-and-
Oise, 23 m. W. Paris. Pop. 1,000.
Nebel, r. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg, which falls into the Warnow near
Schaen.
Nebra, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut, 12
m. N. W. Naumburg, 4 S. Querfurt. Pop. 900.
Nechori, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 9 m. E. Me-
liais.
Neckar, r. of the S. W of Germany, which rises
in Wirtemberg, at the foot of the Black Forest,
near the source of the Danube, and falls into the
Rhine at Manheim.
Neckar, one of the ten circles into which the
grand duchy of Baden is divided.
Neckar, Loiver, Middle, and Upper, three depart-,
ments in the kingdom of Wirtemberg.
Neckarau, v. Germany, on the Rhine, 4 m. S.
Baden. Pop. 1,000.
Neckar-gardach, v. Wirtemberg, near Heilbron.
Pop. 900.
Neckar-gemund, t. Baden, on the Neckar, 5 m.
E. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,100.
Neckar-sfcinach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darm-
stadt, on the Neckar, 9 m. E. by N. Heidelberg.
Pop. 1,100.
Neckar-sulm, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence
of the Neckar and the Sulm, 6 m. N. Heilbron.
Pop. 2,050.
Neckar-Waihingefi, v. Wirtemberg, on the
Neckar, near Ludwigsburg. Pop. 900.
Necker Islands, islands near the N. W. coast of
America, 3 m. from Cape Blanco. Lat. 42° 50' N .
Necker Isles, small islands in the Pacific. Lon.
164° 32' W. Lat. 23° 31' N.
Neda, t. Spain, in Galicia, 5 m. E. Ferrol.
Neddeck, a mountainous tract in N. Africa, 70
m. W. Augila.
Neddick, Cape, cape on the coast of Maine. Lon.
70°34'W. Lat. 43° 8' N.
Nederhrakel, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders,
8 m. E. S. E. Oudenarde, 22 S. Ghent. Pop. 3,500.
Nederkruchten, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 14
m. E. S. E. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,500.
Nederweert, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m.
N. W. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,600,
Nedrigailou; t. Eu. Russia, in Charkow, 114
m. N. W. Charkow. Lon. 34° 20' E. Lat. 50° 54'
N. Pop. 2,800.
Nedsjed, an extensive division of Arabia, in-
cluding nearly all the central parts of that region,
and having on the W. Hedsjas and V emen, on the
S. Hadramaut, on the E. Lahsa and Ommon. It
is composed chiefly of vast mountains and deserts.
Many parts of it, however, are habitable, and cov-
ered with numerous hordes of Bedouins.
Nedsjeran, a little principality of Yemen, in
Arabia, three days journey E. N. E. of Saade. It
is well watered, abounds in corn and pasturage,
and particularly in dates. It has a capital of the
same name.
N E G
N E 1
499
JVerf TTotnas^s Shoals^ rocks in the Spanish
Main, on the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82° 14' W. Lat.
14M'N.
J^ecde, V. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 20 m. E.
Zutphen. Pop. 2,000.
JS'eedliam, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on Charles river,
opposite Newtown. 1 1 m. W. S. W. Boston. Pop.
1,097. Here is a perpendicular fall in the river
of 20 feet, at which several valuable mills are
erected.
Needham Market, t. Eng'. in Suffolk, 7 m. N. N.
W. Ipswich, 74 N. E. London. Pop. 1,301.
JVeedles, cluster of pointed rocks on the coast of
England, 18 m. from Newport in the Isle of
Wight.
Ji'eeheehow. See Oneehow.
JVeehb, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side of the
Indus, belonging to the Afghans. Lon. 70*" 53' E.
Lat. 32" 50' N.
J^eelacunda, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side
of the Indus, belonging to the Afghans. Lon. 71°
49' E. Lat. 32° 38' N.
jYeelgound, fort and district, India, in Bejapore,
belonging to the British.
A'eelgunge, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 70° 53' E.
Lat. 26° 47' N.
Melgur, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 87" 10' E. Lat.
21° 30''N.
J\'eembucu, t. Paraguay, on the E. bank of the
Paraguay. Lon. 58° 1 1' W. Lat. 26° 52' S. Pop.
1,730.
J^eembucu, lake of Paraguay, in 27° S. lat.
J^eermul, t. Hind, in Dowletabad. Lon. 79° 5' E.
Lat 19° 5' N.
JVeerumden, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
16 m. E. Louvain. Pop. 300.
J^efia, t. Africa, in Tunis, 60 m. S. Gafsa.
J^egada, or Anegada, one of the Caribbee isl-
ands in the West Indies. 50 m. N. W. Anguila.
Lon. 63° 5' W. Lat. 18° 6' N.
JYegapatam, s-p. India, in Tanjore, and formerly
capital of the Dutch possessions on the coast of
Coromandel. In 1783, it was ceded to the Brit-
ish ; since which period the fortifications have
been neglected, and the trade transferred to other
places ; but ships frequently stop there for pro-
visions and water. 48 m. E. Tanjore, Lon. 79"
55' E. Lat. 10" 43' N.
J^egclstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m. S. E.
Muhlhausen. Pop. 800.
JS'egombo, a populous t. on the W. coast of Cey-
lon, very advantageously situated for carrying on
the inland trade. The vicinity produces a great
quantity of cinnamon and rice. It was taken with-
out opposition by the British in 1796. 20 m. N.
Colombo. Lon. 79" 49' E. Lat. 7° 19' N. Pop.
15,000, consisting of Malabars, Cingalese, and
Portuguese, chiefly Mahometans and RomauCath-
olics. The Wesleyan Methodists have a Missiona-
ry here.
JVegracka River, r. U. S. which falls into tlie Ar-
kansaw from the N. W. It is 100 yards wide.
J^egrais Isle, isl. with an excellent harbour, at the
W. mouth of the Irrawuddy river, in the Birman
empire. The W. point of the island, called Cape
Negrais, is in lon. 94° 14' E. lat. 16° 1' N.
J^egrar, t. Austrian Italy, near the Adige, 6 m.
N.Verona. Pop. 1,700.
J^egrepelisse, t. France, on the river Aveyron,
3 m. N. E. Montauban. Pop. 3,200.
JVegril, the W. head of the island of Jamaica,
consisting of two points, the North and South. ?,
leagues apart, between which is a semicircular
bay, called Ling bay. Lon. 78° 17' W. Lat. 18"
27' N.
Negrillos, small islancfe near the coast of Peru.
Lat. 4° 40' S.
Negro, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 4° 18' E. Lat. 39° 53' N.
Negro, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Corsica.
Lon. 8° 39' E. Lat. 41° 45' N.
Negro creek, r. Illinois, which flows into the E.
side of Illinois river, about 80 m. above its mouth.
Negro fork, r. Missouri, a branch of the Mara-
mec.
Negro, Rio, a large and navigable r. South
America, which rises in the Andes, in New Gra-
nada, and, after a long course, falls into the Ama-
zons, in lat. 3° 16' S. It communicates with the
Cassiquiari, a tributary of the Orinoco.
A'egro, Rio, r. S. America, which rises in the
Chilian Andes, and, running S. E. falls into the
Atlantic, in lat. 41° S. — 2d. A river of Buenos
Ayres, which runs S. W. and joins the Uruguay.
There are several other rivers of this name in S.
America.
Negroland, or Nigr ilia, an appellation by which
early European geographers designated almost the
whole of the interior and southern parts of Africa,
inhabited by the race called negroes. As a more
accurate and detailed knowledge, however, has
been obtained, this vague term has fallen into dis-
use.
Negroponte, or Egribos, the ancient Eubcea, a
long and narrow isf. of Greece, extending along
the E. coast of Livadia, from which it is separated
by a narrow channel, called the strait of Euripus.
Pop. 60,000, of whom more than three-fourths are
Gi'eeks. Its surface is covered with mountains,
which are highest towards the centre of the isl-
and. They are in general barren, but the vallics
and plains are highly productive. Corn, wine,
fruit, and oil are all cultivated here. The pas-
turages of Euboea have been in repute since the
time of the ancients. The chief minerals are mar-
ble and copper. Lon. 23° 10' to 24° 44' E. Lat.
38° to 39° 10. N.
Negropojite, the ancient Calchis, the capital of
the foregoing island, and a place of considerable
size, is on the W. coast, and connected with the
continent by a bridge, the strait at this place being
only 200 feet wide. The town is fortified, and has
on the S. side a port, capable of containing several
hundred vessels in perfect safety. 28 m. N. Athens.
Lon. 23" 33' E. Lat. 38° 31' N. Pop. 16,000.
Negros, one of the Phillippine islands, abouf
145 miles long, by 25 broad. It is fruitful in rice.,
Lon. 122° 30' E. Lat. 10° 10' N.
Neguada, or Nekkade, t. Upper Egypt, 4 m. S.
W. kous.
Nehavend, or Neh.anud, t. Irak, in Persia, 60 m,
S. Hamadan.
Neheim, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 10m.
N. N. W. Arensbcrg! Pop. 1,050.
Neheim, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 14 m.
N. E. Paderborn. Pop. 800.
Nehriralla, t. Hind, and formerly capital of Gu-
jerat. It now belows to the Mahratta chief called
Guicowar. Lon. 72" 30' E. Lat. 24° 25' N.
Nehimikeag, isl. Maine, in Kennebec river, 14
m. above Merrymeeting bay.
Neiha, bay on Uie S. coast of St." Domingo. Lon-
70° 56' \y Lat, 1C° 16' N.
500
N E L
N E P
J^eibsheim, v. Baden, 14 m. E.by NvCarlsruhe.
Pop. 900.
JVeidenau, t. Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 in. N. by E.
Heilbron. Pop. 1,150.
A''eidenburg, t. East Prussia, 90 m. S. Konigs-
berg. Lon. 20° 25' 45" E. LaL 53° 19' 55" N.
Pop. 1,800.
JS'eijjperg, v. Wirtemberg, near Heilbronn.
JVeira, one of the Bauda islands, immediately
N. of Great Banda. Lon. 130" E. Lat. 4° 31' S.
J^eisapoor. See JNtshapmir.
JVeisse, t. Prussian states, in the government of
Oppeln, on the river Neisse, and the chief place
of a principality of the same name. It is one of the
chief fortresses of the Prussian states. 46 m. S. by
E. Breslau, 30 W. Oppeln. Pop. nearly 8,000.
JVeisse, r. Germany, which rises in Bohemia,
and falls into the Oder.
JVeithorpe, v. Eng. in Oxfordshire, ^ mile W. N.
W. Banbury. Pop. 1,332.
JVeitra. See J^eutra.
J^'eitsersoak, isl. near the W. coast of Greenland.
Lon. 49° 10' W; Lat. 63° 22' N.
JVeiva, province of New Granada, extending 80
leagues from N. to S. on both sides of the river
Magdalena. Noiva, the capital is 120 m, N. E.
Popayan, and 107 S. W. Santa Fc. Lon, 74° 16'
W. Lat. 3° 10' N.
Nekouban, Lake, lake, Canada, 24 m. N. W.
Quebec. Lon. 75° W, Lat. 49" 55' N.
^ellenhurg, formerly the name of a district in
Snabia, with the title of a landgraviate, belonging
to Austria. In 1806 it was ceded to Wirtemberg,
and came afterwards to Baden by an exchange.
Area, 340 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 30,000.
JVe.'/iseram, t. India, on the W. coast of Canara.
Lou. 75° 12' E. Lat. 12° 16' N.
jYelloor, t. India, in Carnatic. Lon. 79° 55' E.
Lat. 14° 26' N.
J^elson, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Lake Onta-
rio, S. W. of York.
j^elson, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 32
m. S. by W. Quebec.
Mlson, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. S. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,076.
J^tlsmi, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. S. W. Uti-
ca. Pop. 1,763.
Mlson, CO. V^a. Pop. 9,C84, including 4,679
tilaves.
Mlson, CO. Ken. Pop. 14,078, including 3,110
slaves. Bairdstown is the chief town.
JVehon, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Js^elsoti, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ra-
venna. Pop. in 1815, 500.
JVefcoji Ferri/f p-v. S. Carolina, 50 m. N.
Charleston.
jXelson Fort, settlement, N. America, on the
W. shore of Hudson's bay, at the mouth of Nel-
son river, 250 m. S. E. Churchill Fort, and 600 N.
W. Rupert's Fort. Lon. 92" 42' W. Lat. 57"12' N.
J^ehon, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Ame-
rica, in Behra's canal. Lon. 229° 27' E. Lat. 55°
15' N.
JXelson' s river, one of the largest rivers of North
America. It forms the outlet of Lake Winnipeg,
and runs into Hudson's bay in lon. 92° 46' W. lat.
57° 2' N. Its most distant source is the Saskasha-
win, which falls into Lake Winnipeg, The whole
length is about 1^500 miles.
J^elso7mlle, t. Athens co. Ohio, on the Hock-
hocking, 14 m. W. Athens.
Nelway, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the
MahrattL-. Lou. 75" 35' E. Lat. 23° 14' N.
Xanaar, district, Hind, in Khandesh, between
21° and 22° N. lat. It belongs to the Mahrattas.
Nemma, village, Greece, in the N. E. of the Mo-
rea, near which the Nemaean games were cele-
brated.
Jfemahaw, r. Missouri Territory, which falla
into the Missouri in lat. 39° 55' 56" N.
Mmbro, t. Austrian Italy, 4 m. N. E. Bergamo.
Pop. 2,400.
J^emea. See St. George.
J^emerau, or Mmorow, t. Germany, in Meck-
lenburg-Strelitz, 6 m. S. W. Stargard.
Kemi, V. Italy, in the States of the Church, 14
m. S. S. E. Rome.
J^emours, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on the
river Loing and the canal of Briare. It has a cas-
tle. Pop. 3,800. Leather is manufactured here in
considerable quantities. It was the scene of an
action between the French and Austrians, Febru-
ary 16th 1814. 11 m. S. Fontainbleau, 52 S.E.
Paris.
J^en, r. Eng. in Northamptonshire, which falls
into the Lincolnshire Washes. It communicates
by several channels with the river Ouse.
JVenagh, t Ireland, in Tipperary, 19 m. N. E.
Limerick.
JVetiortolik, isl. on the S. W. coast of Greenland.
Lon. 45° W. Lat. 59° 54' N.
J^enslingen, t. Bavarian states, 26 m. S. E. An-
spach. Pop. 800.
Jifeograd, or Nograd-Varmegye, county in the
N. W. of Hungary. Pop. 164,000.
J^eola, kingdom of W. Africa, on the N. of the
Gambia, having Tenda on the W. Dentila on the
E. and Bambouk on the N.
Jfeola Koha, r. Africa, which fills into the Gam-
bia, in lon. 12' 23' W. lat. 12° 40' N.
J^eominas, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific,
inlat. 4°30'N.
Neoundah, t. Birman empire, on the E, bank of
the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94" 35' E. Lat. 21° 10' N.
JS'epaktos. See Lepanto.
Jsepanose, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on the W. brandi
of the Susquehannah. Pop. 298.
J^epaul, a long but narrow kingdom of Northern
Hindostan, bounded N. by the great range of Him-
maleh mountains, S. by the provinces of Bahar,
Oude, and Delhi, and E. by Bootan. The valley
of Nepaul proper, from whence the kingdom takes
its name, is nearly of an oval figure ; its greatest
length from N. to S. being 12 miles, by 9 in the
greatest breadth. On the N. and S. it is bounded
by lofty mountains. This small tract is very pop-
ulous, and, besides the capital, Catamandoo, ie
filled with villages. This valley, although be-
tween 27° and 28° N. lat. is so elevated that it en-
joys an Fluropean climate. The soil is productive.
The mountains contain mines of copper and iron;
and, although commerce is not encouraged, it
sends to Bengal, ivory, wax, honey, rezin, timber,
&c. ; and takes in return muslins and silks of
Bengal, carpet?, spices, tobacco, and European
goods. The government is despotic, aad the rajah
is considered as the proprietor of the soil. The
prevailing religion is the Hindoo. The Brahmins
of .Nepaul are very numerous, and deeply skilled
in Sanscrit lore. One of the libraries is said to
contain 15,000 volumes in that language.
In 1792, this country was invaded by the Chi-
nese, and became tributary to the emperor. In Oct.
1801, a commercial treaty was concluded between
the Nepaulese and the Bengal government. In
1814, this country was successfully invaded by
N E R
NET
501
ilii British, and a portion of it was ceded to the
conquerors. In 1816, the war was renewed with
still greater success. It was stipulated that a
British resident should be established at Cata-
mandoo, the capital. This resident has since
formed a commercial treaty with the Nepaulese
government, equally advantageous to the subjects
of both states. The British territories now extend
to the borders of Thibet, and it is expected that
a vent will be opened for an extensive sale of
woollen cloths and other manufactures.
JVepean, t. Carleton co. Up. Canada, on Ottawa
river.
Nepean Island, a small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
about a quarter of a mile from Norfolk island. It
serves as a place of transportation to the refractory
convicts of Norfolk island.
J^epean, Point, point on the S. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 144° 38' E. Lat. 38° 18' S.
J^epean Sound, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 127° 30' W. Lat. 53° 32' N.
JVcpi, t. Italy, in the States of the Church. It is
the see of a bishop. 23 m. N. N. W. Rome. Pop.
1,800.
Nepisingui, lake, Up. Canada, connected with
Lake Huron by French river, 25 leagues long.
It is computed to be 12 leagues long, and 15 miles
wide.
N'epomuck, t. Bohemia, 56 m. S. W. Prague, 16
E. N. E. Klattau. Pop. 900.
Jfeponstt, r. Mass. which flows into Boston har-
bour. It is navigable for vessels of 150 tons 4
miles, to Milton.
J^eponset, v. partly in Dorchester and partly in
Milton, Mass. on both sides of the Neponset, 6 m.
S. of Boston. Pop. 500. It contains a number of
mills and manufactures.
JVem, r. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States, which
falls into the Tiber opposite Otta.
Kerac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Baise, 70 ra. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 5,600.
J^erbuddah, r. Hind, which rises in the province
of Gundwaneh, and running in a westerly direc-
tion, through the provinces of Khandesh, Malwah,
and Gujerat, falls into the gulf of Cambay.
JVerechta, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Nerechta,
Vhich falls into the Wolga, 26 m. S.W. Kostroma.
Mresheim, t. Wirtemberg, 6 m. S. S.W. Nord-
lingen. Pop. 1,000.
Aeresi, t. of the island of Brazza, on the coast of
Austrian Dalmatia.
Jferelo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 36 m. N. N.
E. Aquila. Pop. 1,600.
Nerike, a province of the central part of Swe-
den, surrounded by the Westraannland, Warme-
land, East and West Gothland, and Sundermann-
land. Area, 1,800 sq. miles. Pop. 55,000. It
now forms part of the government of Orebro.
NerinjepeUah, t. India, in Coimbetoor. Lon.
77°50'E. Lat. ir35'N. ^
JVem, t. France, in Allier, 4 m. S. E. Montlu-
<;on. Pop. 1,200.
JVcronrfo, t. France, 24 m.W. Lyons. Pop. 1,100.
Nerondes, t. France, in Cher, 17 m. E. Bourges.
Pop, 1,300.
Jfertscha, r. A. Russia, which falls into the
Amour near Nertschink.
Nertschink, t A. Russia, on the government of
Irkoutsk, on the Chinese frontier. At one time
the caravans destined for the trade with China
passed through this town ; but since they have
gone by the way of Selinginsk, the importance of
this place is much decayed. The district is now
-chiefly distinguished by the mines of lead and sil-
ver which are worked by the crown, who employ
in them the unfortunate persons banished into this
remote part of the empire. Lon. 116° 44' E. Lat.
51°56'N. Pop. 2,000.
J^ervi, t. Sardinian states, on the sea-coast, 6 m,
E. S, E. Genoa.
Kerviano, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. W. Milan.
Nerviettx, t. France, in Loire, 12 m. N. Mont*
brison. Pop. 1,300.
Aesa, t. Kharasm, 100 m. N. Meached.
Nesbit, Point, cape on the W. coast of the Duke
of York's island, in the Duke of Clarence's strait.
Lon. 227° 26' E. Lat. 56° 15' N.
JVesbitt^s iron works, p-v. Spartanburg district,
S.C.
JVeschin, t. Eu. Russia, in the government of
Czernigov, on the river Oster, 49 m. S. S. E. Czer-
nigov. Pop. 16,000.
J^escopeck, r. Luzerne co. Pa. which runs into
the Susquehannah, in lat. 41° 3' N. At its mouth
there is a fall.
J^escopeck, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. at the confluence
of the Nescopeck with the Susquehannah, 40 m.
N. E. Northumberland. Pop. 460.
iN'tshaminy, r. Bucks co. Pa. which runs into
the Delaware, 6 m. below Bristol.
JVeshannock, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 700.
J^esle, t. France, in Somme, 10 m. S. Peronne,
25 E. Amiens. Pop. 1,700.
J^ess, r. Scotland, which issues from Loch Ness,
and falls into the Murray frith at Inverness.
JVess, Loch, a beautiful lake of Scotland, in In-
verness-shire, 22 miles long, and from 1 to 2i broad.
It discharges its waters into the Murray frith by
the river Ness.
JVessa, or JVesserhiTid, isl. Germany, in the Dol-
lart. Lon. 6° 59' E. Lat. 53" 10' N.
J^esse, r. Saxony, which falls into the Werra, 5
m. N. W. Eisenach.
JVessehcang, t. Bavaria, 11 m. S. E. Kempten.
Pop. 1,200.
J^eston, or Great Mston, t. Eng. in Cheshire, on
the N. bank, and near the mouth of the Dee. 1 1
m. N. W. Chester, 192 W. by N. London. Lon.
3° 3' W. Lat. 63° 17' N. Pop. 1,332.
Nestved, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
44 m. S. S. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,500.
Netchez, r. Texas, which flows into the W. side
of the Sabine, at the expansion near its mouth.
J\''ethe, Great and Little, two small rivers of the
Netherlands, in Antwerp, which unite N. E. of
Lierre. The united stream becomes navigable,
and bears the name of Ruppel, till it falls into the
Scheldt.
Jfelherlands, a kingdom of the central part ol
Europe, constituted in 1814, and consisting of 17
provinces (7 Dutch ami 10 Belgic,) along with
the grand duchy of Luxemberg. It extends from
49" 30' to 53° 34' N. lat. and from 2° 30' to 6° 58'
E. lon. It is bounded W. and N. by the German
ocean, S. by France, and E. by Hanover and the
Prussian territories of the Lower Rhine. Extent,
24,400 square miles. Its population is as follows :
Holland, 7.50,000
East Flanders, 602,000
West Flanders, 521,000
Hainault, 431,000
South Brabant, 366,000
Liege, 355,000
Limburg, 293,000
North Brabant, 252,000
Antwerp, 250,000
5,175,000
Gelderland,
244,000
Luxemberg,
226,000
Friesland,
177,000
Namur,
157,000
Overyssel,
148,000
Groningen,
136,000
Zealand,
112,000
Utrecht,
108,000
Drenthe,
47,000
502
NET
In the northern or Dutch provinces, there arts
neither mountains nor hills. The country is a
vast marshy plain, intersected in all directions by
a» infinity of canals and ditches. The southern pro-
vinces exhibit a great variety consisting of woods,
meadows, and corn fields, undulating plains, and
gentle eminences. The soil of the Netherlands is
in general fruitful, the Dutch part affording rich
pasture, while the Belgic part, especially Flan-
ders, abounds with excellent corn land.
The universities are six in number, viz. the well
known ones of Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen ;
Louvain also, an old university, suspended for a
time, but re-established by a royal edict of 25th
Sept. 1816, which also instituted two new univer-
sities, Ghent and Liege. There is a military
school at Dort,and a naval school at Helvoetsluys.
The established religion of the northern prov-
inces is the Calvinist ; but as toleration has been
so long prevalent, religious sects of every descrip-
tion are to be found there. In the Belgic provin-
ces the inhabitants are principally Catholics, and
taking the whole kingdom together, more than two
thirds of the whole population are Catholics.
The constitution of the Netherlands dates only
from 1814, and bears a close resemblance to that of
Great Britain. The possession of all executive
power by the king, the inviolability of his per-
son, the responsibility of his ministers, the ap-
pointment of a cabinet and privy council, but
above all, a double house of parliament, are stri-
king features of resemblance. The chief difference
is in the existence of provincial states, or assem-
blies charged with a variety of important local du-
ties, such as the care of the roads and bridges,
of religious worship, of charitable institutions, of
the execution of tlie laws, of the expenditure of the
local magistrate?, and in particular with the elec-
tion of the membei-s of the commons house of par-
liament. This approximation to the federal gov-
ernment of the United States of America, is owing
to the long existence of provincial powers and usa-
ges, particularly among the Dutch. The number
of members of the lower house is 110, and the pro-
portion returned by the Dutch and Belgians is
equal, notwithstanding the difference in popula-
tion. These representatives are renewed by a
third annually. The members of the upper house
are named by the king for life : their titles are not
hereditary. In the Netherlands, as in France, no
bills can be brought into parliament by the oppo-
sition ; all motions for the purpose of making laws
require the sanction of the crown. This precau-
tion is deemed necessary in a new and unsettled
government. The liberty of the press exists near-
ly as in England ; and there are no political dis-
qualifications on account of religious tenets. The
judges are appointed by the king, on the presenta-
tion either of parliament, or the provincial states.
They hold their places for life. The royal power
is vested in the family of Nassau-Orango. The ti-
tle is, "king of the Netherlands, prince of Orange,
and grand duke of Luxemburg;" in the last capa-
city, he is a member of the Germanic confedera-
tion.
The annual expenditure of the Netherlands is
nearly 7,000,000^ sterling, and the revenue has,
since 1819, been the same. The navy costs only
500,000/. a-year ; the army 2,500,000/. ; the
church establishments. Catholic, Protestant, and
sectaries, about 270,000/. ; but the great pressure
arises, as in Britain, from the interest of the na-
tional debt. That deH amounts to 140.000,000/. ;
N E V
but the interest does not much exceed 3,000,000 /.
sterling.
The army amounts in peace to about 50,000
regulars. The marine consists at present of only
12 sail of the line, and twice as many frigates.
The Dutch colonies are, 1st, in Asia, Java, with
the lesser governments of Amboyna, Banda, Ter-
nate, Malacca, and Macassar, as well as the facto-
ries in Coromandel and Persia. 2. In Africa, 13
small forts on the coast of Guinea. 3. In the West
Indies, the colony of Surinam on the mainland,
and the islands of Curacao, St. Eustatius, and St.
Martin. The union of Belgium and Holland into
one independent state took place in 1814. This
union has not yet obtained the cordial acquiescencf
ofthe majority of the Belgians ; but time can hard-
ly fail to show them its advantages. See Hol-
land.
J^ethy, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which
falls into the Spey, 3 m. S. E. Grantown.
JVetophah, in Sac. Geog. city of Palestine, be-
tween Bethlehem and Anathoth.
JVe.lravutti/, r. India, in South Canara, which
runs into the lake of Mangalore, and then disem-
bogues into the sea. It is navigable by boats for
20 or 30 miles.
Netsbuckloke, or Sandwich bay, bay on the E.
coast of Labrador. Lon. 57° 30' W. Lat. 53"
45' N.
J^elle, or J^etha, r. Prussian states, which falls
into the Weser, 3. m. S Corvey.
Keltolicsy or J^eltoliczy, t. Bohemia, 6 m. E.
Prachatitz, 72 S. Prague. Pop. 1,700.
Ketiuno, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
on the sea coast, 30 m. S. S. E. Rome.
JVc^s, or Jfotec, r. which rises in Poland, and
falls into the Wartha, above Landsberg.
J^eva, r. Ru.^sia, which issues from the great lake
Ladoga ; and after a course of about 35 miles to
the westward, empties itself into the gulf of Fin-
land, below St. Petersburg, by three mouths.
Though its course is so short, the river is from 300
to 400 yards wide, and from 10 to 15 feet deep,
J^'evada, or Sierra J^evada, i. e. (he Snowy Range,
a well known chain of mountains in the S. of
Spain. It branches off from the great Iberian
chain, in the vicinity of the Sierras de Filabres
and Algamilla, runs through Granada and Andar
lusia from E. to W. and terminates on the shores
of the Mediterranean, in several promontories, of
which that of Gibraltar is the most remarkable.
The loftiest peak is 13,600 feet.
JVcubourg, t. France, in Eure, 1 1 ra. N. \V. Ev-
reux. Pop. 1,500.
JS'euburg, called also the Youngs Palalinalc,
formerly a duchy of the German empire, contain-
ing 1,080 sq. miles, and 102,000 inhabitants. It
is now included in the Bavarian circle of the Up-
per Danube and the Regen.
JVeubursr, t. Germany, in Bavaria, on the Dan-
ube, 11 m': W. Ingolstadt. Lon. 11° 11' E. Lat.
48° 44' N. Pop. 4,000.
J^euburg. See Kloster-JV'cuburg ; also Kom-
Neuburg.
JVeudamm, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg,
11 m. N. by E. Custrim, 60 E. N. E. Berlin. Pop.
2,200.
J^eudeek, t, Bohemia, 10 m. N. W. Carlsbad.
Pop. 1,400.
jVeudenau, t. Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 m. N. by
E. Heilbron. Pop. 1,100.
JVci'e/, t. Eu. Russia, 53 m. N. N. W. Vitep^k,
Pop. 2,000.
N E U
JS'evele, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 8 m.
W. by S. Ghent. Pop. 3,200.
Neuenburgy or J^oive, t. Prussia, on the Vistula,
10 m. S. W. Marienwerder. Pop. 1,800.
Muenburg, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 15 m. S.
Old Brisach. Pop. 800.
NeiienbuTgy t. Wirtemberg, on the Enz, 26 m.
W. Stutgard. Pop. 1,700.
J^euen-Kalden, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 30 m. S. E. Rostock. Pop. 1,300.
J^euenkirchen, t. Prussian states, 16 m. W. N.
W, Paderborn. Pop, 1,200.
Muenkirchen, t. Hanover, 5 m. S. W. Otten-
dorf. Pop. 1,100.
J^euen-OUing. See Oetiingy J^ew.
JVeiienrade, t. Prussian states, 7 m. S. Iserlohn.
Pop. 1,500.
JVeuenstadt, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 10
m. W. N. W. Oehringen. Pop. 1,250.
JS'euenstein, t. Wirtemberg, 3 m. E. Oehringen.
Pop. 1,400.
JVet'erburg, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 19 m. N. N. W. Treves. Pop. 1,300.
J^everi, r. S. America, in Cumana, which runs
into the sea between the cities of Barcelona and
C umana.
j^evers, t. France, cap. of Nievre, on the Loire,
where that river is joined by the Nievre. It has
manufactures of glass, plate, hardware, earthen-
ware, and enamel. The neighbourhood has iron
mines, and a number of forges ; also foundries for
cannon, cannon-balls, and anchors. It is the see of
a bishop. 30 m. N. N. W. Moulins, 116 N. W.
Lyons. Lon. 3' 9' E. Lat 46° 59' N. Pop. 12,000.
JVetcrsink. or J^avesink, t. Sullivan co. N. Y.
Pop. 953.
JVemrsink, r. Ulster co. N. Y. which runs into
the Delaware.
J^eversink hills. See J^avesink.
JVeufbourg. See JVeuboiirg.
Neufchateau, t. France, in Vosges, 28 m. S. W.
Nancy. Pop. 2,700.
J^aif chateau, t. Netherlands, in the grand duchy
of Luxemburg, 30 m. W. N. W. Luxemburg.
Pop. 1,300.
JVeufchatel, a canton in the W. of Switzerland,
bounded by the canton of Bern, the lake of Neuf-
<;hatel, the Pays de Vaud, and a part of the fron-
tier of France. Ex^it, 340 sq. miles. Pop.
50,000. It has manufactures of cotton, linen and
woollen, lace, and stockings ; also of watches and
other works in metal. The inhabitants, except
about 2,000, are Protestants. Their language is
French. In 1707, on the extinction of the reign-
ing family, the State acknowledged the claims of
the king of Prussia to the sovereignty. In 1807,
by the treaty of Tilsit, it was ceded by Prussia to
Ji'rance, and given by Bonaparte to marshal Ber-
thier. In 1814, it was restored to Prussia.
Meufchatel, cap. of the foregoing canton, is on
the lake of Neufchatel. It has manufactures of
P'rinted cottons and linens. 50 m. N. E. Lausanne,
25 W. Bern. Lon. T E. Lat, 47" 5' N. Pop.
e,ooo.
JVeufchatel, Lake of, in the N. W. of Switzer-
land, between the canton of that name and the
canton of Friburg. It is about 20 miles long, and
4 broad. Its waters flow through the small lake
of Bienne into tlie Aar, and eventually into the
Rhine.
JVeufchatel, t. France, in Lower Seine, 26 m.
N. E. Rouen. Pop. 2,900.
N E U
563
JVoufeld, t Austrian states, on the river Muhl,
17 m. N.W.Lintz.
JYeuffen, t. Wirtemberg, 17 m, S, S. E. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,500.
JVeufren, t Germany, in HohenzoUern, 10 xA.
N. Sigmariugen. Pop. 900.
Neuhaus, or Gindrzichu Hradicz, t Bohemia,
68 m. S. S, E. Prague. Pop. 5,200.
Jfeuhaus, t. Hanover, in the duchy of Bremen,
at the influx of the Oste into the Elbe, 18 m. W,
Gluckstadt. Pop. 1,500.
JVeuhaus, t. Prussian states, where the Pader
and Alme fall into the Lippe, 2 m. N. N. E. Pader-
born. Pop. 1,500.
Neuhausely t. Hungary, 48 m, E.by S. Presbnrg.
Keuhausen, v. Switz. 8 m. W. by S. Schaff-
hausen,
Neuhof, V. Hesse-Cassel, 6 m. S. S. W. Fulda.
JVevillu, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio.
Neuille, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 14 m.
N. W. Tours. Pop. 1,800.
JVeuilly, v. France, 3 m, N. W, Paris. It is sit-
uated on the Seine, and gives name to the N. W.
entrance into the capital. Pop. 2,500.
Neuilly le Real, t. France, in Allier, 9 m. S. S.
E. Moulins. Pop. 1,200,
JVeuilly VEveque, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9
m. N. by E. Langres. Pop. 1,000.
JS'eiiilly St. Front, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. N.
N. W. Chateau-Thierry. Pop. 1,800.
JVeviVs Bay, bay on the W. shore of Hudson's
bay. Lon. 94" W. Lat. 61" 58' N.
JVevilsville, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 21 m. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 200.
JVeins, or JVievii, isl. of the West Indies, belong-
ing to the English. It is a beautiful spot, and lit-
tle more than a single mountain, whose base is 23
miles in circumference. It is well watered, and
in general fertile, producing on an average one
hogshead of sugar per acre, and about 4,000
hogsheads in the whole. Lon. 62" 35' W. Lat.
17° 14' N. Pop. 16,000, of whom 6,000 are whites,
and 10,000 negroes.
JVeukirchen, t. Germany, in the electorate of
Hesse, 31 m. S. Cassel. Pop. 1,600.
JS''eukirchen, or Mark JVeukirchen, t. Saxony, 13
m. S. E. Plauen. Pop. 1,400.
Keukirchen, t. Bavaria, 40 m. E. N. E. Ratisbon,
14 E. by N. Cham. Pop. 1, 100.
JSTeuler, v. Wirtemberg, 35 m. N. Ulm. Pop.
1,500.
Xeumagen, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the Moselle, 11 m. E. N. E. Treves.
Pop. 1,100.
JVeumark, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the
Adige, 19 m. N. N. E. Trent.
JVeicmarkt, t. Bavaria, 19 m. S. E. Nuremberg.
Pop. 2,400.
JVeumarkt, t. Bavaria, 43 m, E. N. E. Munich^
Pop. 900.
JVewnarkt, t. Prussian states, 21 m. W. N. W.
Breslau. Pop. 2,100.
A'eumarkt, or Tersezh, t. Austrian states, 16 m.
S. Clagenfurt.
JVeumunster, t. Holstein, 18 m. S. W. Kiel, 28
N. Hamburgh, Pop, 1,500.
JVeundorf, Langen, v. Prussian states, 5 m. N.
N. E. Buntzlau. Pop. 1,000,
JVeunkirchen, t. Austria, 35 m. S. by W. Vienna ,
Pop. 3,000.
Neurtsche or Nowarzisse, t. Austrian state?, m
Moravia, 42 m, W, Brunn. Pop. 900.
304
N E U
Jfeurodu, t. Prassian states, 13 m. JNi. Glatz.
Pop. 3,000.
J^eusatz, t. Prussian states, 22 m. N. W. Glogau.
Pop. 1,700.
J^feiaatz, or Jfeo-Planla, or Uj-Fidek, t. Hun-
:^ry, in the palatinate of Bacs, on the Danube.
Lon. 19" 52' E. Lat. 45° 16' N. Pop. 13,400.
J^euse, r. N. C. rises near Hillsborough, in the
northern part ©f the State, and after a S. E. course
of more than 500 miles, falls into Pamlico Sound,
70 m. below Newbern. It is navigable for sea
vessels 12 m. above Newbern, and for boats 200.
JVeusiedler-See, or Fertoe, lake, in the W. of
Hungary, about 30 miles long, and 10 broad.
J^eusoh], or Besztercse-Banya, t. of the N. W.
of Hungary, on the rivers Gran and Bistricz. In
the neighborhood are extensive copper mines, and
the town contains a manufactory of sword blades.
100 m. E. N. E. Presburg, 86 N. Pest. Lon. 19°
9' E. Lat. 48° 45' N. Pop. 10, 100.
Jietas, t. Prussian province of Berg and Cleves,
on the Erfft, near its influx into the Rhine, 3 m.
S. W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 5,400.
Jftustadt, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruns-
wick. Here are the productive salt-works of
Juliushall, belonging in common to Brunswick
and Hanover, Pop. 1,000. 5 m. E. by S. Goslar,
25 S. Brunswick.
.N'ewtadt, t. Hesse-Cassel, 13 m. E. Marpurg.
Pop. 1,500.
Xeustadt, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 18 m. S.
by E. Schwerin. Pop. 1,000.
J^'eustadt, t. Poland, 90 m. E. Konigsberg. Pop.
2,300.
J^eustadty t. Prussian states, 57 m. S. S. E. Bre*-
lau. Pop. 3,700.
Jfeustadty or Livoioek, t. Prussian Poland, 30 m.
S. S. E. Posen. Pop. 1,750, of whom about a
fourth are Jews.
Xeustadty t. Saxony, 19 m. E. Dresden. Pop.
1,500.
Neustadti t. West Prussia, 22 m. N. N. W.
Dantzic. Pop. 950.
J^eustadt, t. Prussian Saxony, adjoining Mag-
deburg. Pop. 5,700.
J^eustadt, a circle of Saxony, ceded to Prussia
in 1815. The greater part was subsequently
made over to the grand duke of Saxe- Weimar.
J^eustadt, Machrisch or Moravian, t. Austrian
states, in Moravia, 13 m. N. Olmutz. Pop. 3,000.
J^eustadt, or jS'owy-Miesto, t. Bohemia, 76 m. E.
N. E. Prague. Pop. 1,400.
J^eustadt, t. Denmark, in the duchy of Holstein,
on the bay of Lubeck. Pop. 1,400.
Neustadt, t. Baden, 17 m. E. S, E. Freyburg.
Pop. 1,150.
J^eustadt, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 18 m. S.
W. Ratisbon. Pop. 900.
J^eustadt, t. Bavaria, 50 m. N. by E. Ratisbon.
Pop. 1,150.
Js'evksladt-Ehersuald, t. Prussian States, in Bran-
denburg, at the confluence of the Finow and the
Schwarz, 30 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 3,000.
Neustadt on the Aisch, t. Bavarian States, 22 m.
W. N. W. Nuremberg. Pop. 1,900.
Neustadt on the Dosse, t. Prussia, in Branden-
burg, 44 m. W. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 800.
Mustadi on the Hart, t. Bavarian States, 12 m.
S. Landau, 17 S. W. Manheim. Pop. 2,900.
JVeustadi on the Heath, t. Germany, in the duchy
<jf Saxe-Coboarg, 8 in-. N. E. Cobourg. Pop.
l->600.
N E U
jVeuitadf on the Kulm, t. Bavaria, 15 m. S, E.
Bayreuth. Pop. 900.
JVeustadt on the Orle, t. Germany, in the grand
duchy of Saxe- Weimar, 24 m. S. E. Weimar, 16
S. W. Gera. Lon. 12° 5' 10" E. Lat. 50° 44' 34" N.
Pop. 2,500.
Keustadt on the Rubenberg, t. Hanover, on the
Leine, 15 m. N. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,300.
JVeustadt on the Saale, t. Bavaria, 41 m. N.by E.
Wurzburg. Pop. 1,650.
JVeustadt, JVienerisch, a fortified t. Lower Aus-
tria, on the Fischa and the Steinfeld. Here is a
military school which has 36 professors, and 440
pupils. It has manufactures of pins, brass- wire,
silk stuffs, woollens, and stone ware. A canal
connects this town with Vienna. 28 m. S. Vien-
na. Pop. 7,000.
JS'eustadtel, or Rudolphswerth, t. Austrian States,
25 m. S. S. E. Laybach, 46 E. N. E. Fiume. Pop.
1,600.
JVeustadtel, t. Prussian States, 16 m. W. by N.
Great Glogau. Pop. 1,000.
JVeuteich, t. West Prussia, 16 m. W. Elbing. Pop.
1,300.
JVeutra, or A'yitra, a palatinate of the N. W. of
Hungary, bordering on Moravia. Area, 2,570
square miles. Pop. 320,000. JVeutra, or Mtra,
the capital, is 44 m. E. by N. Presburg. Pop.
3,900.
JVeure Eglise, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders,
10 m. S. Ypres. Pop. 2,900.
JVeuric, t, France, in Dordogne, 14 m. S. W.
Perigueux. Pop. 1,800.
Keuric, t. France, in Correze, 14 m. S.Ussel, 27
E. by N. Tulle. Pop. 1,700.
JVetivic Entier, t. France, in Upper- Vienne.
Pop. 1,200.
Neuville, or JVeustadt, t. Swiss canton of Bern,
10 m. N. E. Neufchatel, 19 W. N. W. Berne. Pop.
1,200.
JVeuville, or JVoville, t. Switz. in the Pays de
Vaud, 22 m. S. E. Lausanne.
Neuville, t. France, on the Saone, 9 m. N. Lyons.
Pop. 1,700.
JVeuville, or Point aux Trembles, seigniory,
Hampshire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of
the St. Lawrence, 16 m. W. by S. Quebec.
JVmviUe au Pont, t. France, in Marne, on thc-
Aisne, 3 m. N. W. St. MenAould. Pop. 1 ,200.
JVeuville aux Bois, t. France, in Loiret, 12 m.
N.Orleans. Pop. 2,000.
JVeuvy, t. France, in Nievre, 3 m. W. Clamecy.
Pop. 1,300.
JVeuvy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire. Pop.
1,000.
JVeuvy le Roi, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 13
m. N. tours. Pop. 1,600.
JVeuvy le Sautour, t. France, in Yonne, 17 m. N,
W.Tonnere. Pop. 1,350.
JVeury, or St. Sepulcre, t. France, in Indre, 14
m. S. Chateauroux. Pop. 1,700.
JVeuvy sur Baranion, t. France, in Cher, 16 m.
N. N. W. Bourges. Pop. 800.
JVeuwarp, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 23 m. N. N.
W. Stettin. Pop. 1,350.
JVeuwedel, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 28 m. E.
Stargard, Pop. 1,350.
JVeuwied, t. Prussian States, in the province of
the Lower Rhine, government of Coblentz, on the
Rhine. It has a variety of manufactures, of cotton
and wool, hardware, linen, soap, watches, and
rabinet-making. From its vicinity to the Rhiup,
N E W
it has also a traffic in corn, wine, timber, antl pot-
ash. 7 m. N. N. W. Coblentz, 42 S. S. E. Cologne.
Pop. 3,600.
JVeiyn, or A''ejin, t. Wales, in Caernarvonshire,
249 m. N. W. London. Pop. 1,177.
JV«p Albany, p-t. and cap. Floyd co. Indiana, on
the Ohio, nearly opposite Portland, Ken. and 4 m.
below the falls at JeffersonviUe. It was laid out in
1814, and has had a rapid growth, and is still in-
creasing. It contains at present, 130 dwelling
houses, a Presbyterian church and about 1,<X)0
inhabitants. Here are a steam saw, and grist mill,
and a ship yard. The site of the town is on the
second bank pf the Ohio. It abounds with springs
of excellent water and is very healthy.
J^ew Albion, a name formerly applied to a coun-
tr\' of indefinite extent on the W. coast of N.
America, extending, according to some, from 30"
to 38" N. lat., and according to others, from 43° to
48". The name is left out of the best modern maps.
J^'eio Alexandria, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa.
JS'ew Alexandria, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
J^eip Amsterdam, t. and cap. of Berbice, S.
America, stands on Berbice river, 4 m. above its
mouth. Pop. about 150 whites. The Govern-
ment-house is perhaps the lai'gest in the West In-
dies. It is built of brick. Here are also a court-
house, a Dutch Lutheran Church, a Dutch Prot-
estant Church, and a missionary chapel for the
blacks and coloured people.
Kewark, borough, Eng. in Nottingham co. is a
considerable trading town, next to Nottingham the
largest in the county, and a noted stage on the
great road from London to York. It stands on a
branch of the Trent. It enjoys a flourishing trade
in corn, coal, cattle, wool, and other commodities.
20 m. N. E. Nottingham, 124 N. W. London. Lon.
0" 49' W. Lat. 53" .5'. N. Pop. 7,236.
J^cicark, t. Upper Canada, 7 ra. N. Queenstowa
very pleasantly situated at the entrance of the riv-
er Niagara into Lake Ontario, and almost fronting
Fort Niagara on the American side. It was begun
in 1796. and had increased to about 200 houses,
with a church, court-house, and other public
buildings ; but all of these, with the greatest part
cf the dwelling houses were destroyed by the
Americans in December 1S13, when they evacua-
ted Fort George, which is within the limits of the
town.
Newarlcy t. Essex co. Vt. 44 m. N. E. Montpelier.
Pop. 88.
Newark, p-t. and cap. Essex co. N. J. is pleasant-
ly situated near the W. bank of Passaic river, 2 or
3 miles in a direct line from its month in Newark
bay, 9 m. W. New-York city, 6 N. ElizabethtoAvn.
It is a handsome and flourishing town, celebrated
lor the excellence of the cider made in its neigh-
bourhood. In this and in the adjoining town of
Orange, there are valuable quarries of stone for
building, and numerous tanneries; and shoes are
manufactured on a large scale. Newark contains a
court-house, jail, 2 banks, an academy, and .'>
house" of public worship, 2 for Presbj'terians, 1 for
Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
One of the Presbyterian ch.urches is of stone, and
is the lai'gest and most elegant building of the kind
in the State. Pop. in 1810, 8,008.
J^eivark bay, in N. J. is formed by the confluence
of the Passiac and Hackinsack rivers, and is sep-
arated from Hudson river on the E. by Bergen
neck. It communicates Avith New-York bay by a
jjavigaVi" channel on !he N. -ide of RTriten Island,
G4
NEW
505
and with Amboy bay by a channel along the W,
side of the island.
Newark, p-t. Newcastle co. Del.
Newark, p-t. and cap. Licking co. Ohio, on Lick-
ing river, 26 m. W. N. W. Zaneaville. Pop. in
1815, 400.
Neiv Asliford, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. N.
Lenox. Pop. 411.
New Athens, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S. Cadiz.
JVewbatd Cape, cape on the N. coast of New
Holland, near the entrance into the gulf of Capen-
taria.
Newbatlle, or Newbottle, v. Scotland, 7 m. S.
Edinburgh.
JVew Baltimore, t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 16 m. above Catskill, 18 below Albany.
Neii; Baltimore, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
New Barbadoes, t. Bergen co. N. J. on the Pas-
saic. Pop. 2,835.
New Bedford, p-t. and s-p, Bristol co. Mass. on a
small bay which sets up from the N. side of Buz-
zard's bay, between Clarke's neck on the W. and
Sconticutt point on the E. An island between the
points renders the entrance narrow,but the barber
IS safe and commodious. The inhabitants own a
large amount of shipping, and are very extensive-
ly engaged in the whale fishery. The codfishery
also employs a large number of vessels, and there
are several ships engaged in foreign trade. The
principal exports are whale oil, spermaceti can-
dles, and fish. New Bedford contains a bank, in-
surance office, academy, 5 houses for public wor-
ship, 1 for Friends, 2 for Congregationalists, and 2
for Baptists. In 1810, before the separation of
Fairhaven, the population was 5,651.
New Bedford, p-t. Mercer co. Pa.
New Berlin, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. E.
Norwich, 90 W, Albany. Pop. 1,632.
New Berlin, p-v. Union co. Pa.
Newbern, p-v. Montgomery co. Va.
Newbern, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Craven co.,
N. C. on a fiat sandy point of land, at the junction
of Neuse river with the Trent, 35 m. S. S. W.
Washington, 123 S. E. Raleigh, 100 N. N. E. Wil-
mington, 290 N. E. Charleston. Lon. 77° 25' W.
Lat. 35" 20' N. Pop. in 1818, nearly 6,000. It is
the largest town in the State, and more healthy
than any other near the sea coast. It contains a
court-house, jail, theatre, 2 banks, and 3 houses of
public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists,
and 1 for Methodists. The shipping of Newbern
District in 1815, was 5,049 tons. Considerable
commerce is carried on in the export of lumber,
naval stores, grain and pork.
Newberry, p-t. Burlington co. N. J.
Newberry, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on Lycomiug
river, at its entrance into the Susquehannah, op-
posite Williamsport.
N'ewberry, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Newbills, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
New Bistritz, or New Fistritz, t. Bohemia, 28
m. E. Budweis. Pop. 2,100.
Newborough, t. Wales, in the island of Anglesey,
G ra. N. W. Caernarvon, 237 N. W. London. Pop,
750.
Neiobormigh, or Gorey, t. Ireland, in Wexfoi'd
CO. 21 m. N. Wexford, 39 S. Dublin.
Newborough, t. Eng. in StalTordshire, 6 m. S. E.
Uttoxeter. Pop. 623.
JVw Boston, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 17 m,
R. Concord. Pop. 1,810.
New Boston, p-t. Clark co. Ohio, 4 m. S, W,
Springfield, Pop. in 1815, ^;00.
5oe
N E W
JVeiv Bourbon, v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri, ou
the Mississippi, 2 m. below St. Genevieve, 53 S.
St. Louis. It contains about 70 houses.
JVew Braintree, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m.
W. N. W. Worcester. Pop. 912.
JVeic Brandenburg, t. Germany, in the grand
duchy ot Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 53 m. W. Stettin.
Pop. 4,700.
Mtw Britain, t. Bucks co. Pa. 25 m. from Phil-
adelphia.
iNew Britain. See Britain, JS'ew.
New Broimsmlle, t. Wayne co. Ohio.
J^eio Brunsuick. See Brumwick, fiew.
J^eicbwgh, t. Scotland, in Fifeshirc, on tlie S.
bank of the Tay. The harbour is spacious, and
the Tav is navigable for vessels of 500 tons to this
place. " Pop. 2,000.
Newburgh, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at
the mouth of the Ythan, 10 m. N. Aberdeen. Pop.
200.
JVeu-burgh, p-t. and halfshire town, Orange co.
N. Y. on the'W. bank of the Hudson, 95 m. S. of
Albany, and 70 on the stage road N. of New York.
Pop. in 1810, 4,627. The village is pleasantly
situated on the Hudson. Its trade employs about
30 vessels, and few places are increasing more
rapidly in wealth and population. It contains a
bank, court-house, jail, academy, and 4 houses for
public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episco-
palians, and 1 for Methodists.
Mwburgh, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, S.E. of Cleve-
land.
Xew Burlington, p-v. Athens co. Ohio.
J^ewbury, Ijorough t. Eng. in Berkshire, one
of the largest towns in the county, and formerly
celebrated for its woollen manufactures, which,
however, have now greatly declined. It is in a
fertile plain, on the banks of the Kennet. 17 m.
W. by S. Reading, 56 W. London. Lon. 1° 20'
W. Lat. 51" 23' N. Pop. 4,898.
Newburtj, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut riv-
er, opposite Haverhill, 34 m. E. S. E. Montpelier,
47 above Windsor. Pop. 1,363.
Ketvbury, t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. bank of
Merrimack river, bordering on Neburyport, and
opposite to Salisbury, with which it is connected
by a bridge, 24 m. N. Salem, 32 N. N. E. Boston.
Pop. 5,176. It contains 2 academies, and 5 parish-
es, in each of which there is a Congregational
meeting-house.
■Kewbury, t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of the
Susquehannah. Pop. 1,796.
Neu-bxiry, district, in the central part of S. C.
Pop. 13,964, including 4,006 slaves. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Newburyport, p-t. and port of entry, Essex co.
Mass. on the S. bank of Merrimack river, 3 miles
from its mouth, 24 N. of Salem, 24 S. S. W. Ports-
mouth, 33 N. N. E. Boston. Lon. 70° 47' W. Lat.
42" 49' N. Pop. 7,634. It is one of the handsom-
est towns in the U. S. the site being a beautiful
declivity, the houses handsomely built, and the
streets wide, and intersecting each other nearly at
right angles. It contains 2 banks, 2 insurance
offices, and 7 houses of public worship, 3 for Con-
g'regationalits, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcojiti-
lians, and 1 for Baptists. It is the third town in
the State in population and commerce. The
amount of shipping in 1815, was 2-1,922 tons, em-
ployed partly in the coasting trade and lisheries,
and partly in the trade to the West indies, Europe,
and the East Indies. The town is well situated
for shipbuilding, having the advantage of receiv-
ing lumber frointho interior by Merrimack river
NEW
The harbour is deep, safe, and spacious, but diffi-
cult to enter. The town suffered severely by the
restrictions on commerce previous to the late war,
and by fire in 181 1. It has not yet fully recovered
from these misfortunes.
Newby's cross-roads, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
J^Tew Canaan, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 8 m. from
Long Island Sound, 77 S. W. Hartford, Pop.
1,599. It contains 2 churches, and an academy.
J^ew Canto?i, p-v. Buckingham co. Va.
JVeif) Carlisle, t. and cap. Gaspe co. Lower Can-
ada, on Chaleur bay. It contains abowt 60
houses.
JVewcastl€,t. Ireland, 20 m. S. W. Limerick.
J^eiccastle, t. Ireland, 10 m. W. S. W. Dublin.
JVeivcastle, district. Up. Canada, comprises the
counties of Northumberland and Durham.
J^ewcastle, t. and cap. Northumberland co. New
Brunswick, on Miramichi bay. It contains a
court-house and jail.
Keivcastle, t. New Holland, in the colony of
New South Wales, at the mouth of Coal river, 60
m. N. of Sidney. Its inhabitants are chielly incor-
rigible offenders, banished from Botany bay for
their ciimes. Pop. 500.
J^Teiccastle, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the W.
side of Shecpscot river, 7 m. E. Wiscasset. Pop.
1,231. At Woodbridge neck, in this town, an
early European settlement was made, but after-
wards abandoned.
JVewcastle, or Great Island, isl. and t. Rocking-
ham CO. N. H. at the mouth of the Piscataqua, 2 m.
E. Portsmouth. Pop. 592. Here is a fort and a
lighthouse.
JVewcastle, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 37 m. N,
New York, 6 W. Bedford. Pop. 1,291.
JVewcastle, p-t. ^Mercer co. Pa.
JVewcastle, co. Del. bounded-N. by Pennsylvania,
E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent county,
and W. by Maryland. Pop. 24,429. Slaves, 1,047.
Chief towns, Newcastle and Wilmington.
JVewcastle, p-t. and cap. Newcastle co. Del-
aware, on Delaware river. The village con^
tains 2 churches, a court-house, jail, and abou;
200 houses. It carries on a considerable trade in
wheat. 34 m. 6. W. Philadelphia. Lat. 39*' 38
N. Pop. 2,340.
JVewcastle, p-t. Hanover co. Va. 24 m. N. E.
Richmond.
JVewcastle, p-t. and cap. of Henry to. Ken. on
Kentucky river. It is a flourishing town, in a fer-
tile country. It contains a court-house and jail.
The houses are principally of brick. Pop. in 1818.
700 or 800.
JVewcastle, t. Muskingum co. Ohio.
JVewcastle Island, small isl. in the Florida stream^
Lon. 81" 40' W. Lat. 24" 48 N.
JVewcastle in Elmyn, t. Wales, 20 m. N. W
Caermarthen, 223 W. London. Lon. 4" 27' ^V
Lat. 52" 2' N.
JVewcastle-upon-Tyne, t. Eng. in Northumbei-
land CO. on the N. bank of the Tyne, about 10
miles from its mouth. Ships of 300 or 400 tons
burden may reach the town. The new parts of
the town are laid out with skill and taste, and in
a superior style of architecture ; and the spirit of
improvement, with the incr<?asing prosperity oj
the ])lace, bid fair to render it equal in conven-
ience and elegance to the first town in the king-
dom. The charitable and literary institutions are
numerous, and in a style adequate to the opulent
and liberal spirit of the place.
The situation of Newcastle, on the banks of a
NEW
NEW
507
navigable river, and in the greatest coal district
in the world, is the chief circumstance which
has raised it to its present rank and importance.
?he principal collieries are situated along the
yne, both above and below the town ; from this
magazine the vast consumption of the metropolis,
the whole of the eastern, and most of the southern
coasts of the island, and the opposite coasts of
France, Holland, and Germany, have for centu-
ries been supplied. In eight years, from January
180^ to December 1809, 4,713,476 Newcastle
chaldrons, or 12,490,700 tons of coals, were ex-
ported from the 'i'yne ; that is, nearly 600,000
i-haldrons annually. In 1819, the quantity ex-
ported was— coastwise, 639,987 Newcastle chal-
drons ; ov<ir sea, 39,735.
From the coal pits, which are generally near
the banlcs of the Tyne, the coals are conveyed to
the river in rail or tram roads, which, having a
gentle declivity all the way, the waggons, several
of them joined together, descend of themselves,
and having delivered their contents at the stations
or staiths, are carried hack by another road to the
mine. From the staiths the coals are conveyed,
for exportation, in keels or long boats, manned by
the keelmen, to their respective vessels. The
keelmen are a stout and hardy race ; and the
whole of the traffic in coals affords, indeed, an ex-
cellent nursery for seamen. Besides the coal
trade, Newcastle enjoys a considerable and flour-
ishing foreign trade, and is moreover rich with va-
rious and extensive manufactories. Several ships
are also sent to the Greenland fishery ; and the
total amount of shipping that belongs to the port,
is at present computed at 834 ships, which measure
184,149 tons, and employ 8,732 men. The num-
ber of vessels which cleared out in 1819, were —
Coasters, 8,828 ; foreign, 995. Among the manu-
facturing establishments arc, brick fields, potte-
ries, glass-houses, and chemical works for making
white lead, minium, and vitriol ; manufactories in
iron, tin, and every kind of metal ; machines for
fabricating brass wire, plate metal, &c. Ship-
building is also carried on to a great extent. 270
m. N. by W. London. Lon. 1° 37' W. Lat. 54°
58' N. Pop. in 1811, 35,711.
J^eiccastle, or jYeurastle-under-Line, t. En?, in
Staffordshire, on the E.bank of the Line, a branch
of the Trent. The chief business consists in the
clothing trade and the manufacture of hats. Around
the town, the villages to a considerable distance
are entirely occupied with the manufactures of
porcelain, earthenware, stoneware, &c. forming
one great system, which, for its extent, and the
perfection to which the manufacture has been
carried, is perhaps unequalled in the world. This
district abounds with coal. Newcastle sends two
membersto parliament. 15m.N.Stafrord,149N.W.
London. Lon. 2" 13' W. Lat. 53" 1' N. Pop. 6, 175.
jYew Charleston, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m.
N. W. Bangor. Pop. 210. It is a fine township
of land, and the population is rapidly increasing.
A''eiv Chester, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Merri-
mack, 16 m. S. Plymouth. Pop. 895.
J^eu-churck, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. S. S. W.
Burnley. Pop. 6,930.
JVew Comerstown, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18 m.
S. S. W. New Philadelphia.
New Connecticut. See Connecticut Reserve.
J^ew Creek, r. N. C. which runs into the sea, in
lon, 76" 52' W. Int. 34° 47' N.
JVcio Durham, t. Strafford co. N. H. 38 m. N W,
Portsmouth. Pop. 888
j\''eiv Egypt, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J.
J^ew England, the N. E. section of the U. S.
bounded N. by Canada, E. by New Brunswick
and the .Atlantic, S. by the Atlantic and Long isl-
and sound, and W. by New York. It compre-
hends the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver-
mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecti-
cut. The face of the countiy is generally hilly,
and agreeably diversified. The soil is various,
from barren sand to the richest clays and loams.
It is generally better fitted for grazing than for til-
lage. The most important production is grass.
Beef, mutton, pork, butter, and cheese, are abun-
dant. Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, and oats,
are extensively cultivated. Lon. 64" 54' to 73° 26
W. Lat. 41° to 48° 12' N. Extent, 65,000 square
miles. Pop. in 1810, 1,271,974.
JVeicenham, Cape, point on the N. W. coast oi"
America. Lon. 197° 36' E. Lat. 58° 42' N.
JVeicent, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 8 m. N. W.
Gloucester, 112 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 24'
W. Lat. 51" 55' N. Pop. 2,538.
Miv Fairfield, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 7 ra. N
Danbury, 64 S. W, Hartford, Pop. 772.
Newfane, t. and cap. Windham co. Vt. on West
river, 12 m. N. W. Brattleboro', 105 S. Montpe--
lier. Pop. 1,276. It contains a court-house jail,
and a church.
New Feliciana, parish, liOuisiana, on the E. bank
of the Mississippi, bounded N. by the state of Mis-
sissippi, E. by the parish of St. Helena, S. by the
parish of East Baton Rogue, and W. by Point Cou-
pee parish. The chief town is St. Francesville.
J^ew Feliciana, parish, Feliciana co. Louisiana.
Here is a post-office.
JVeiifield, t. York co. Maine, 40 m. N. W. York.
36 W.N.W. Portland. Pop. 815. It contains 2
churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap-
tists.
jYew Forest, an extensive tract in England, coun-
ty of Southampton, bounded E. by Southampton
water, and S. by the English channel. It is 20
miles long, 15 broad, and contains 92,365 acres.
JVeipfound Lake, lake, N. H. 6 miles long from N.
to S. and 2^ broad, which communicates by New-
found river, with the Merrimack, at Bridgewater.
Kewfovndland, isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
St. Lawrence, separated from the coast of Labra-
dor on the north by the straits of Belleisle, be-
tween lat. 46" 45' and 51° 46' N. and between lon.
52° 31' and 59° 40' W. being 381 miles long, and
about 900 in circumference. The coasts are sub-
ject to fogs, attended with almost continual storms
of snow and sleet; the sky being usually overcast.
The country is very unequal, and covered with
hills and mountains, which appear more lofty in
the interior parts tlian near the coast. The whole
circuit of the island is full of fine bays and har-
bors. This island, after various disputes, was
ceded to England by the treaty of Utrecht, in
1713. It owes all its importance to the fisheries
which ave carried on upon its shores, and upon
the banks which lie to the S. E. of the island. "The
Great Bank of Nev/foundland, which may prop-
erly be deemed a vast mountain under water, is
not less than 330 miles lon^, and about 75 broad.
The depth of water upon it varies from 15 to 60
fathoms. In 1813, during the war in Spain, the
exjxjrt in fish and oil amounted to 1,000,000/. ster-
ling. Il has since greatly declined.
Kev found Mills, p-v. Hanover co. \ a.
Mw Garden, p-t. Chester co. Pa. Pop I.03Q.
JVew Garden, ^-v. R4>in«)n co- N. C.
508
NEW
NEW
JVew Garden, i. Columbiana co. Ohio.
JVeio Geneva, p-v. Fayette co. Pa.
JVew! Georgia, islands, 12 in number, in the Po-
lar sea, discovered in 1819, by Lieut. Parry. The
largest is Melville island, which see.
JVew Germantoum, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J.
JVeic Glasgow, p-v. Amherst co. Va. Here is
an academy tor young ladies.
JVew Gloucester, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 23
m. N. Portland.
J^i'eio Goshen. Sec L&vhigfo7i, N. Y.
JVeio Granada, a country in the N. W. corner
of S. America, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea ;
E. by Venezuela and Guiana ; S. by Peru ; W.
by the Pacific; and N. W. by Guatimala. It ex-
tends from 3° 30' S. lat. to 12" N. lal. about 1,000
miles, and from 68" to 81° W. Ion. The Andes
come from Peru, and pass along: the coast of the
Pacific f)cean, througii the whole extent of the
country. At Fopayan the range divides into three
branches : the western is the proper Andes, and
runs into North America across the isthmus of
Darien ; the eastern, called the cliain of Vene-
zuela, runs along the coast of that province, and
terminates opposite the island of Trinidad; the
middle branch runs north, between the rivers
Magdalena and Cauca, and terminates at the
junction of those two streams. — The country east
pf the Andes is an immense plain extending to the
river Orinoco. In the low country, tlie climate is
hot and unhealthy, but in the mountains every
variety is experienced, according to the elevation.
On the highest summits you meet with everlast-
ing snow, while -^t Quito and some of the other
principal cities, which are elevated many thou-
sand feet above the level of the ocean, the tem-
perature is delightful throughout the year.
New Granada is celebrated for the richness and
variety of its productions, in the vegetable, min-
eral, and animal kingdoms. Here are found all
the fruits of tropical climates ; the mountains are
rich in gold and silver, emeralds, and platina.
There are also animals of an enormous size. The
'.ondor, a large bird, has been known to fly away
with lambs. The jacumama is an immense ser-
pent found in the plains east of the Andes, 11 or
12 feet long, and a foot in diameter.
The population was estimated by Humboldt in
1008, at 1,800,000. A very large pro[)ortion are
Indians. The principal settlements are in the
liigh land on the Andes.
JVew Grantham, t. Cheshire co. N. H, 35 m. N.
W. C'oncord. Fop. 834.
JVew Guinea, or Papua, a large isl. in the East-
rrn seas, lying N. of iNew Holland, from which it
is separated by Torres' straits. Lat. 0" to 8" S.
It is about 1,200 miles long from N. W, to S. E.
but has been very little explored. It is supposed
by many that it is not a single island, but a greater
number of islands divided by narrow straits. The
inhabitants, as far as they are known, are wild
and cruel savages.
JVew Hagerstowu, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
JVavhall, t, Eng. in Cheshire, 5 ni. S. W. Nant-
wich. Pop. 859.
JVew Hampshire^ one of the U. S. bounded N.
by Lower Canada ; F. by jVIaine ; S. E. by the
Atlantic; S. by Massachusetts; and W. by Ver-
mont. . It lies botweoa 42" 41' and 45" 11' N. lat.
and between 70" 40' and 72" 48' W. Ion. It is 160
miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth,
and contains 9,491 sq. miles, or 6,074,240 acres.
The State is divided into 6 couutics, and 212
towns. Pop. in 1790, 141,885 ; in 1800, 183,858 ;
in 1810, 214,460; and in li)20, 244,161. The
great mass of the population is in the southern
half of the state. North of Winnipiseogee lake
there are very few inhabitants, except on Con-
necticut river.
The whole extent of sea-coast is only 18 miles.
The shore is generally a sandy beach, and bordering
upon it are salt marshes. For 20 or 30 miles from
tlie coast, the country is either level or variegat-
ed with small hills and vallies. Beyond this, the
hills increase in size, and in many parts of the
State swell into lofty mountains, particularly in
the north, and along the height of land between
the Merrimack and the Connecticut. The high-
est summits between the Merrimack and the Con-
necticut are Grand Monadnock, near the S. W.
corner of the State, which is 3,254 feet above the
level of the sea; Sunapee mountain, near Suna-
pee lake ; and Moosehillock, still further north,
the height of wliich is estimated at 4,636 feet.
But the White Mountains are the most celebrated
in the State, the highest peak being more than
6,000 feet. 'The mountains, the lakes, the vallies,
and cataracts of New Hampshire, abound with
sublime and beautiful scenery, and have acquired
for the State, the title of "the Switzerland of
America." The soil of New Hampshire is gen-
erally fertile. The intervals on the large rivers
are the richest, and best fitted for tillage, but the
uplands are accounted the best for grazing. The
principal productions are grass, wheat, rye, In-
dian corn, beef, pork, mutton, butter, and cheese.
The principal literary institutions are Dart-
mouth college at Hanover, and Exeter academy.
The Baptists and Congregationalists are the pre-
vailing religious denominations. In 1817, the
number of ordained ministers was estimated at
222, of whom 107 were Baptists, 100 Congrega-
tionalists, and 15 of other denominations.
The manufactures of New Hampshire have in-
creased very rapidly within a few years. There
are now more than 30 cotton and woollen manu-
factories, many of them on an extensive scale. A
glass manufactory has been established at Keene,
and there are two iron manufactories at Franco-
nia. — The principal exports from New Hamp-
shire are lumber, pot and pearl ashes, fish, beef^
live cattle, pork, and flax seed. The market for
the northern part of the State, is Portland, in
Maine; for the south-eastern, Portsmouth and
Newhuryport ; for the country on the Merrimack,
Boston ; for the country on the Connecticut,
Hartford and Boston. The value of the manu-
factures of this State, in 1810, was $5,225,045.
The value of the exports, in 1820, was §240,800.
JVew Hampton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the
Merrimack, 30 m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,293.
JVew Hanover, CO. N.C Pop. 11,465. Slaves,
6,442. Chief town, Wilmington.
.A'cw Hartford, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 20 m. N.
W.Hartford. Pop. 1,507.
J^'ew Hartford, p-v. in Whitestown, Oneida co.
N. Y. 2 m. VV. Utica. It contains 2 churches,
and about 100 houses.
JVew Haven, v. Scotland, in Edinburgh co. on
the S. shore of the frith of Forth, about a mile VV.
of Leith. It is much resorted to during the sum-
mer for bathing. Pop. about 600.
J\i''ewhnre7i, v. Eng. at the mouth of the river
Ouse. The harbor is defended by a fort. Pop.
755. 9 m. E. Brighthelmstone, 59 S. London.
Lon. 0" 2' E. Lat. 50" 48' N,
NEW
NEW
509
jYew Haven, p-t. Addison co. Vt. en Otter
creek.
jXew Haven, co. Ct bounded N. by Litchfield
and Hartford counties, E. by Middlesex co. S. by
Long Island sound, and W. by Fairfield co. Pop.
37,664. Chief town, New Haven.
JVew; Haven, city and seaport, New Haven co.
Ct. lies around the head of a harbour, which
sets up 4 mile? from Long Island Sound, in 41° 18'
N. lat. 72° 56' W. Ion. 76 m. N. E. New York, 34
S. S. W. Hartford, 134 S. W. Boston ; 107 S. S. E.
Albany. It is the capital of the county, and the
semi-capital of Connecticut.
The city is built on a large plain, encircled on
all sides, except those occupied by the water, by a
fine amphitheatre of hills and mountains, several
of which present bold and perpendicular fronts,
nearly 400 feet in height. The city is divided
into two parts, called the Old and New Town-
ships. The old town is laid out in a large square,
divided into 9 smaller squares ; each 52 rods on a
side, and separated by streets 4 rods in breadth.
The central square is open, and is believed to be
one of the handsomest in the United States. On
and around it are the public buildings, which are,
a state-house, 6 college edifices, and 3 elegant
churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and one for
Episcopalians. A Methodist church is also com-
menced. Besides these buildings the town con-
tains a jail, almshouse, customhouse, 2 banks, 3
insurance ollices, a grammar school, an academy,
and 6 printing offices, from which are issued 4
weekly newspapers, a religious monthly maga-
zine, and tlie American Journal of Science and
Arts.
The houses in New Haven are generally built
of wood, in a neat and commodious, but not an
expensive style. Several of those recently erect-
ed, however, are elegant and stately edifices of
brick. The principal streets are ornamented
with trees, and most of the houses are furnished
with a piece of ground in the rear, sufficiently
large for a garden and fruit trees, giving to the
city a rural and pleasant appearance. In the
north corner of the town, a burying ground has
been laid out on a plan entirely new. The field
is divided into parallelograms, which are subdi-
vided into family burying places. The ground is
planted with trees; the monuments are almost
universally of marble, and a considerable number
are obelisks. An exquisite taste lor propriety is
discovered in every thing belonging to it ; and the
■whole has a solemn and impressive appearance.
The harbour is well defended from winds, but is
shallow, and gradually filling up with mud. This
difficulty has been remedied in part by the con-
struction of a wharf nearly a mile in length, ex-
tending into the harbour. The depth of water on
the bar, at low water, is about 6 or 7 feet. Com-
mon tides rise 6 feet, and spring tides 7 or 8.
Packets ply regularly between this place and
New York, and it has communication by a line of
steam-boats tliree times a w eek with New York,
and also with New London and Norwich. The
amount of shipping in 1816, was 12,439 tons. Pop.
of the city in 1810, 5,772; in 1820, 7,147, and,
including the township, 8,326.
Yale college, in tliis place, is one of the oldest
and most respectable colleges in the United Stales.
It was founded in 1701. Its officers inl820, were
a president, 9 professors, including 4 medical pro-
fessors, and 5 tutors. The trustees consist of the
goveroor of the state, the lieutenant governor, and
six senior assistants ; together with the president,
and ten fellows, being clergymen. The college
library contains about 7,000 volumes, and the stu-
dents have hbraries amounting to 2,000 more. A
cabinet of minerals was deposited here in 1811,
by George Gibbs, Esq. the original cost of which
is said to have been 4,000/. sterling. — The college
buildings consist of 3 spacious edifices, each 4 sto-
ries high, and containing 32 rooms for students ; a
chapel, containing also a philosophical chamber ;
a lyceum, containing the library and recitation
rooms ; a laboratory, all of brick ; and a dining hall,
of stone. A new brick building was commenced
in 1821, for the accommodation of students. — A
medical institution is connected with the college.
It was established in 1813, and has 4 professors, a
valuable anatomical museum and a medical libra-
ry.— The whole number of students in 1820, was
412 ; of whom 62 were medical students, 31 resi-
dent graduates, and 319 under-graduates. The
whole number educated here, from the establish-
ment of the institution to 1820, was 3,478; ol
whom there were then living 1,884, a greater
number than fromany other college in the U. States.
An Episcopal theological seminary was estab-
lished at New Haven in 1820. It is under the
superintendence and control of the General Con-
vention of the Episcopal church. It has 2 profes-
sors, and, soon after the opening of the institution,
there were 18 students. Efl!brts are making to
raise funds for the purchase of a librarj', and for
the support of professors and indigent students.
On Mill river, near the northern boundary of
New Haven, but within the limits of Hamden, is
a manufactory of fire arms, established by Mr.
Whitney. The various parts of the process arc
performed by very ingenious machinerj', invented
by the proprietor, and there is said to be a much
greater uniformity in every part of the musketi
made in this manufactory, than can be found in
those made in any other place.
Xew Hav€7i, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexicc
bay, in Lake Ontario.
JV'eiv Haven, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Kew Holland, an island between the Indian and
Pacific oceans, the largest in the world, and, ac-
cording to some geographers, entitled, from its
great extent, to the appellation of a continent. It
is 2,600 miles long, from E. to W. between Sandy
cape and the entrance of Shark's bay ; and 2,000
miles broad, between Cape York, on the north,
and Wilson's promontory, in 39° 10' S. lat. The
coasts of this extensive country were first discov-
ered by the Dutch in 1606, and were visited by
Dampier in 1688. In 1770, Capt. Cook explored
the eastern coast; and by various expeditions,
fitted out by the British government, between
1795 and the present time, a complete survey has
been made of the whole coast, except 8 or 9 de-
grees of lat. in the N. W. ; the position of every
point has been ascertained; and every inlet and
bay has been traced to its conclusion. — The coast
is extremely diversified, and, seen from the dis-
tance of several miles, has the appearance, in
some }iarts, of ranges of small and sterile islands ;
in other parts, the shores are steep and inaccessi-
ble, while on the northern coast they are very flat,
and, to all appearance, sandy and barren. On the
cast coast, there is a singularbarrier of coral reefs,
which, according to captain Flinders, extends
along the coast, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues,
in a N. W. direction, from about 23' S. lat. to
Torres strait, in lat. 10° ?. a distance of 840 miles.
519
NEW
Very little is known of the interior of New Hol-
land. Several expeditions, however, have been
sent out, within a few years, from the British col-
ony of New South Wales, on the eastern coast ;
particularly two, in 1817 and 1818, under Lieut.
Qxley, who traced two large rivers for several
hundred miles towards the interior. From the
result of these expeditions, and from the fact that
tio river of any magnitude discharges its waters
into the ocean, on any part of the coast, it appears
highly probable that the surface of this vast coun-
try resembles that of a shallow basin, whose mar-
gin is the sea coast, from which the waters, de-
scending towards the interior, form a succession
of swamps and morasses, or perhaps a vast medi-
terranean sea. See J^Tew South Wales.
JVew Holland, p-t. in Lancaster co. Pa. 12 m. E.
N. E. Lancaster, 54 N. W. Philadelphia.
JVeto Hope, p-t. Wayne co. N. C.
J^eiv Hope, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C.
JVew; Iberia, p-t. Attakapas district, Louisiana,
on the Teche, 9 m. by land, below St. Martins-
ville, 30 by water.
JVewichawannock. See Piscataqua river.
J^ewiges, a large village of Prussian Westpha-
lia, in the duchy of Berg, and lordship of Harden-
terg.
Newingion, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the E.
side of Great Bay, and on the Piscataqua river, 5
m. N. W. Portsmouth. Pop, 508.
JVewington, or J^'ewington Bulls, parish, Eng.
in Surry, forming one of the suburbs of London.
Pop. 23,853.
JVetvington Green, v. Eng. 2 m. from London.
■New-Inlet, a channel between two small islands
on the coast of N. J. Lon. 74" 15' W. Lat. 39°
^0' N.
J^ew-Inlel, channel of the Atlantic between
Cape Fear island and the coast of N. Carolina.
Lon. 78° 5' W. Lat. 33" 56' N.
J^ew Ipswich, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 18 m.
g. W. Amherst, 44 from Concord, 52 N. Boston.
Pop. 1,395. It is watered by Contoocook river.
It contains two churohes, an academy, and vari-
ous mills.
JVew Jersey one of the U. States, bounded N. by
New- York ; E. by the Atlantic and by Hudson
river, which separates it from New-York ; S. by
Delaware bay, and W. by Delaware river, which
separates it from Pennsylvania. It extends from
lon. 74" to 75" 29' W. and from lat. 39" to 41"24'N.
It is 160 miles long from N. to S. and contains
8,320 square miles, or 5,324,(X)0 acres. Pop. in
1790, 184,139; in 1800, 211,149, and in 1810,
245,562, of whom 10,851 were slaves, and 7,843
were free blacks. The number of militia in 1810,
was 33,710, and in 1821, 35,241.
The State was divided, in 1810, into 13 coun-
ties and 116 towns. The three northern counties
are mountainous ; the next four are agreeably di-
versified with hills and vallies. The six southern
counties, including all the coast from Sandy Hook
to Cape May, are level and principally barrren,
producing little else but shrub-oaks and yellow
pines. The mountainous and hilly parts of the
State have generally a strong soil, and form a fine
grazing country. The farmers there raise great
numbers of cattle for the markets of New- York
and Philadelphia. They also raise wheat, rye,
saaize, buckwheat, potatoes, &c. Near New- York
and Philadelphia, great attention has been paid to
the cultivation of fruit and vegetables ; and the
finest apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, and
melon?, arc carried to these markets. Fine or-
NEW
chards abound ni all the norlhei'n half of the State,
and the cider of New- Jersey, particularly that of
Newark, is of proverbial excellence.
The most important mineral production is iron,
which is found in immense quantities among the
mountains in tlie nortliern part of the State. In
the county of Morris, there are 7 rich iron mines,
2 furnaces, 2 rolling and slitting mills, and about
30 forges. Great quantities of bog iron ore arc
also found in the southern counties, and the annual
produce in the whole State is estimated at 2,500
tons, exclusive of hollow ware and various other
castings, of which vast quantities are made..
Besides the manufactui'e of iron, there are,
particularly in Trenton, Newark, and Elizabeth-
town, many valuable tanneries, where a large
quantity of excellent leather is made. Shoes are
made in great numbers at Newark. The estima-
ted value of manufactures in 1 810, was $7,054,594.
Almost all the foreign goods consumed in this State
are imported at New-York and Philadelphia, and
the produce of the State is principally carried to
those cities for exportation. Hence, the exports
from this State in 1820, amounted only to $20,531,
and the revenue in 1815, to $13,612. The amonnt
of shipping in 1816, was 33,211 tons.
The Presbyterians are the most numerous reli-
gious denomination. The number of their church-
es in 1818, was 74 ; of Dutch Reformed 31 ; of
Baptists, 30 ; of Episcopalians, 24 ; of Congrcga-
tionalists, 9. At the same time the Friends had
44 meeting houses, and the Methodists were nu-
merous. There is a college at Princeton, and a
Theological Seminary, under tlie direction of the
General Assembly of the Presbyterian church.
There is also a Theological Institution at New
Brunswick, under the direction of the General Sy-
nod of the Reformed Dutch Churches.
The Legislature is composed of a legislative
council and house of assembly. The council is
chosen annually, and consists of 13 members, each
county choosing one. The assembly consists of 35
members, and is chosen annually. The executive
is composed of a governor, chosen by a joint ballot
of the legislature ; a vice-president, chosen by the
council, and a privy council, consisting of three
members of the legislative council. The annual
elections are in October. Trenton is the seat of
government.
It has long been in contemplation to open a
navigable communication between Philadelphia
and New-York, by means of a canal from New-
Brunswick on the Raritan, to Trenton on the
Delaware. A company was incorporated in New
Jersey many years ago for this purpose, and a sur-
vey ot tlie intended route was made, from which
the practi(;ability of a canal for sea vessels was
ascertained. The expense is estimated at $800,000,
J^eiv Keith, v. Scotland, in Banfishire. Pop.
1,000.
JVew Kent, co. Va. on the S. side of Pamunky and
York rivers. Pop. 6,478, including 3,725 slaves.
Chief town, Cumberland. At the court-house is
a post-office.
JVeiv Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Fairfield co.Ohio,
on the N. side of the Hockhocking, which is here
an inconsiderable stream. 36 m. S. W. Zancsville,
34 N. E. Chillicothe. It contains a bank, a print-
ing office, at which a newspaper is published, an
elegant court-house, and about 75 dwelling hou-
ses. Coal is found in the vicinity. About a mile
N. of the town is a rock of sand stone, which rises
abruptly 400 or 500 feet, and afibrds a delightful
prospect.
NEW
JS'ew Lebanon, p-v. in Canaan, Columbia co.
A^. Y- on the turnpike between Pittsfield, (Mass.)
and Albany, 6 miles from the former and 24 from
the latter. Here is a warm spring of considerable
celebrity. The water, however, is perfectly
tasteless and inodorous, is used for culinary purpo-
ses, and differs very little from pure mountain wa-
ter, except in the temperature, which is 73° of
Fahrenheit It is found very useful in salt rheums,
and various other cutaneous affections. In this
place is a village of Shakers. They are said to
possess nearly 3,000 acres of land. The utmost
neatness is conspicuous in their houses, fields, gar-
dens, court-yards, and every thing belonging to
their establishment. The property is all in com-
mon. The scenery of New-Lebanon is remarka-
bly beautiful.
JVew; Lebanon, p-t. Camden co. N. C. on the
Pasquotank, 14 m. above Elizabeth city.
JVew Lexington, p-t. Preble co. Ohio, 6 m. E.
Eaton.
JVew Lexington, t. Jefferson co. Indiana, 17 m.
W. Madison. It contains at present about 40
houses. A newspaper is published here. Salt is
manufactured at this place, and the ground has
been penetrated to the depth of more than 700 feet
iu quest of salt-water.
JVew Lexington, t. Richland co. Ohio, on Mo-
hiccan creek, 10 m. from Belville.
J^ew Lexingt07i, t. Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. E.
Mount Vernon,
Jfewlandside, t. Eng. in Durham, li m. S. W.
Stanhope. Pop. 693.
Mwlin, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 780.
mw-Lisbon, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W.
Cooperstown, 76 W. Albany. Pop. 1,982.
New-Lisbon, p-t. and cap. Columbiana co. Ohio,
on a branch of the Little Beaver, 14 m. fr. Ohio
river, 35 S. Warren, 56 N. W. Pittsburg, 160 N.
E. Columbus. It contains an elegant court-house
and jail, a bank, a printing-office, a public libra-
ry, an academy, and 3 churches. In the vicinty
are a furnace, several saw-mills, a paper-mill, 2
woollen factories, a fulling-mill, carding machine,
and a glass factory.
New-London, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m.
N. W. Concord. Pop. 692.
New-London, co. Ct. bounded N. by Windham
and Tolland counties, E. by Rhode-Island, S. by
Long-Island sound, and W. by Middlesex co. Pop.
34,707.
New-London, city, port of entry, and half shire
town, in New-London co. Ct. is on the W. bank
of the Thames, 3 miles from its mouth, 14 m. S.
Norwich, 42 S. E. Harttbrd, 53 E. New-Haven,
59 S. W. Providence, 60 W. Newport. Lon. 72"
12' W. Lat.41''25' N. Pop. in 1810, 3,238. It
contains a court-house, 2 banks, a marine insur-
ance office, 2 newspaper establishments, and 5
houses of public worship. The inhabitants own
considerable shipping, employed in the coasting
trade, the trade with the West-India islands, and
the fisheries. The amount of shipping in New-
London district, in 1816, was 14,685 tons.
The harbor is the best in the State, having 5
fathoms water, and being safe, spacious, accessi-
ble at all seasons of the year, and at all times of
tide, and unobstructed l)y ice ; but it is easily
blockaded, as was proved during the late war. It
is defended by Fort Trumbull and Fort Griswold,
the first on the New-London, the other on the
Groton side of the river. On the W. side of the
entrance to the harbor is a light-house, on a point
NEW
511
of land which projects considergibly into the sound.
A steam-boat line connects this city with New-
York, and is continued up the river to Norwich.
The boats arrive and depart three times a week.
New-London, p-t. Campbell co. Va.
New-London, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Ohio,
18 m. E. Springfield, 25 W. by S. Columbus.
New-Longeuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Can-
ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 38 m. W.
Montreal.
New-Madrid, co. Missouri.
New-Madrid, p-t. and cap. New-Madrid co.
Missouri, on the river Mississippi, 70 m. below the
mouth of the Ohio. It is situated in a fertile coun-
try, and is laid ou^ for a large city, but owing to
the unhealthiness of the country around, its growth
has been small.
New Mark, was the name of that part of the
margraviate of Brandenburg E. of the Oder, con-
taining 4,370 square miles, with 310,000 inhab-
itants. In 1815, on the new arrangement of
the Prussian states, the chief part of it was in-
cluded in the government of Frankfort on the
Oder, and a smaller part annexed to that of Coes-
lin in Pomerania.
Newmarket, t. Eng. long celebrated for its horse
races. The race-ground, on whose attractiojis
the town chiefly depends for its support, was form-
ed out of an extensive heath, and is one of the fin-
est courses iu the kingdom. 14 m. E. Cambridge,
61 N. London. Lon.0"24'E. Lat. 32° 15' N. Pop.
1,917.
New Market, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12 m.^
W. Portsmouth, 38 S. E. Concord, Pop. 1,061.
At the junction of Lamprey river with Great bay
is a considerable village ; and another, at a place
called Newfields, containing about 20 houses.
Newmarket, p-t. Dorchester co. Md.
Newmarket, p-v. Spotsylvania co. V^a.
New Market, p-t. Highland co. Ohio, 6 m. W.
Hillsborough.
New Marlborough, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 23
m. S. S, E. Lenox. Pop. 1,832.
New Milford, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Hous-
atonnuc, 48 m. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 3,537. It
contains 6 houses for public worship, 2 for Con-
gregationalists, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists,
and 1 for Quakers. Here are valuable quarrie,s
of marble, several forges for the manufacture ol
iron, and a variety of other manufactures.
New Milford, p-v. Susquehannahco. Pa.
New Mills, V. Burlington co. N. H.
Newmilns, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire. It is a
burgli of barony, which received its charter ol
erection from king James IV. Pop. 1,000.
Neicnham, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. on the Se-
vern, 13m.S. W. Gloucestei\ Lon. 2° 27' W. Lat.
51° 47' N. Pop. 952.
Newnstown, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 14 m. N. E. Har-
risburg.
New Orleans, city and port of entry, in Orleans
parish, Loui^^iana, and capital of the State, is on
the left bank of the Mississippi, 105 miles from its
mouth, by the course of the river, and about 90
in a direct line. Lon. 90° 8' W. Lat. 29° 57' N.
Pop. in 1802, estimated at 10 or 11,000 ; in 1810,
according to the census, it was 17,242, of whom
5,961 were slaves; in 1818, it was estimated at
36,000, and was very rapidly increasing. An in-
telligent gentleman on the spot ventures to pre-
dict that in 10 years it will be 100,000.
The city is regularly laid out ; the streets are
generally 40 feet wide, and cross each other at
il2
N E W
right angles. On the streets near the river the
houses are priticipEflly of brick, but in the back
part of the town, of wood. The buildings have no
cellars, except the vacancy formed between the
(he ground and the lower floors ; which are rais-
ed 5 or 6 feet from the earth. The tornadoes to
which the country is subject, will not admit of the
buildings being carried up many stories, as in oth-
er cities. Most of the houses in the suburbs have
beautiful gardens, ornamented with orange groves.
Among the public buildings are an arsenal, a
custom house, a hospital, a catholic college, a fe-
male orphan asylum, two theatres, 5 banks, and
several churches for Catholics, Presbyterians, and
Episcopalians. There are 5 newspapers publish-
ed in the city, 3 of which are in'English, and the
other 2 in both French and English.
New-Orleans is admirably situated for trade,
near the mouth of a noble river, whose branches
extend for thousands of miles in different direc-
tions, and open communications with the various
parts of the most extensive and fertile valley on
the face of the earth. The river in front of the
city is crowded with boats from a thousand differ-
ent places in the " upper country ;" from Ken-
tucky, Tenuessee, and Missouri ; from Ohio, and
even from Pennsylvania and New-York. In the
year ending Oct. 1st, 1817, 1,500 flat-bottomed
boats, and 50O barges came down the Mississippi to
this place loaded with produce. During the same
period, the number of arrivals and clearances at
the port was 1,030; and the value ol the exports
$13,501,036, nearly two thirds as much as that of
the whole United States in 1791. The amount of
shipping belonging to the port in 1816, was 13,299
tons. In 1819, there were 50 steam-boats on the
western waters connected with the commerce of
this city, measuring together 7,306 tons. At the
some time there were 13 new boats on the stocks.
The following table presents a view of the princi-
pal articles of domestic produce which arrived at
New-Orleans during the years ending Oct. 1st,
1815, 1816, and 1817:
Productions.
Bacon and Hams, cwt.
Beef, bbls.
Cotton, bales,
Corn, bushels,
Flour, bbls.
Lead, cwt.
Molasses, gallons,
Sugar, hhds.
Talfia, gallons,
Tobacco, hhds.
Wheat, bushels,
Whiskey, gallons,
The island of Orleans is formed by the river Mis-
sissippi on one side, and the lakes Ponchartrain and
Maurepas, together with an outlet of the river
Mississippi, called the Iberville, on the other. It
is about 160 miles long, and from 3 to 50 broad.
There is a levee or artificial m>ound erected along
the side towards the Mississippi, to prevent inun-
dation.— In December 1814, the British made an
attack on New-Orleans, but were repulsed by the
Americans under General Jackson, with the loss
of about 3,000 men, killed, wounded and prison-
ers. The loss of the American army is stated at
only 7 men killed, and 6 wounded.
New Paltz, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 15 m. S. Kingston, 80 S. Albany, 85 N. New-
York. Pop. 3,999.
New Philadelphia,' p-v. Harden co. Ken.
1815.
1816.
1817.
7,000
13,000
18,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
60,000
65,000
65,000
120,0001130,000
140,000
75,0001 98,000| 190,000
4,000
5,500
7,000
500,000
800,000
1,000,000
5,000
7,300
28,000
150,000
300,000 400,000
5,000
7,300 28,000
95.000
150,000
230,000
250,000
NEW
New Philadelphia, p-t. and cap. I'uscarawas co.
Ohio, on the E. branch of the Muskingum, 50 m.
N. E. Zanesville, 100 fr. Columbus. It is on a large
and beautiful plain, and contains the county build-
ings, and about 50 dwelling houses.
Newport, t. Eng, in the Isle of Wight, of which
it may be regarded as the metropolis. It stands
nearly in the centre of the island, and on the banks
of the navigable river Medina. It sends two mem-
bers to parliament. 4 m. S. Cowes, 97 S. W.
London. Lon. 1" 17' W. Lat, 50" 42' N. Fop.
3,855.
Newport, t. Eng. in Monmouth co. about 4 m.
from the mouth of the river Usk. It exports coals
and cast bar iron from the different foundries and
forges in the western mountains. 8 m. S. Ponty-
pool, 147 W. London. Lon. 2" 57' W. Lat. 51" 35'
N. Pop. 2,346.
Newport, t. Eng. in Shropshire, 20 m. E.ShreAvs-
bury, 140 W. by N. London. Lon. 2" 22' W. Lat.
52"46'N. Pop. 2,114.
Newport, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke co. near the
entrance of the river Nevern, which falls into
Newport bay. 12 m. S. W. Cardigan, 243 W.
London. Lon. 4" 49' W. Lat. 52" 1' N. Pop.
1,433.
Newport. See Nieuport.
Neivport, borough, Eng. in Cornwall, which
sends two members to parliament. 3 m. from
Launceston.
Newport, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 86
m. S. E. Three Rivers. Pop. 160.
Newport, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 25 m. W.
Bangor.
Newport, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. E. Con-
necticut river, 42 N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,427.
It contains 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for
Congregationalists,
Newport, co. in the S. E. part of R. I. compri-
sing the towns of Newport, Jamestown, Little
Compton, Middletown, New Shoreham, Ports-
mouth, and Tiverton. Pop. 16,294.
Newport, p-t. and cap. Newport co. R. Island,
and semi-metropolis of the State, stands on the S.
W. side of Rhode-Island, 5 miles from the sea, 14
S. Bristol, 30 S. by E. Providence, 72 S. S. W.
Boston. Lon. 7ri7'W. Lat. 4r29'N. Pop.
7,907. The harbor, which is one of the finest in
the world, spreads westward before the town. If
is of a semicircular form, of safe and easy access,
suiliciently capacious to contain a large fleet, and
deep enough for vessels of the largest burden. It
is defended by Fort Wolcott, erected on Goat
island, and two other forts, called Fort Adams and
Fort Green. On Goat island there is a military
hospital belonging to the U. S.
The site of the town is a beautiful declivity,
which rises gradually from the harbor, presenting
a fine view as you approach it from the water.
The beauty of its situation, and the salubrity of
its climate, have made it a place of fashionable re-
sort from the southern and middle States during
the summer months. Newport contains a state-
house, a market-house, a theatre, an alms-house, a
public library, 5 banks, 2 insurance companies,
and 11 houses of public worship, 4 for Baptists, 2
for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, i for
Friends, 1 for Moravians, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for Jews.
Newport was formerly more flourishing than it
is at present. Previously to the American revo-
lution it was the fourth commercial town in the
British colonies, and contained at one period mor'j
NEW
NEW
51S
thati 3,000 inhabitants. During- the revolutionary-
contest it was for a long time occupied by the en-
emy, and suffered severely. At present it main-
tains some trade with the E. Indies, Europe and
Cuba, but the most important branch of its com-
merce is the coasting trade with the middle and
southern States. In 1819, the amount of shipping
owned here was 10,951 tons. The fisheries are
very valuable. There is probablj' no fish market
in the world which affords a greater variety. ^The
manufacturing establishments are 5 rope walks, 7
rum distilleries, 1 gin distillery, 4 tanneries, 5
grain mills, and 1 duck factory.
Newport, p-t Herkimer co. N. Y. 13 m. from
Utica, 20 N. Herkimer, 95 N. W. Albany. Pop.
1,605.
JVewporf, p-t. Cumberland co. New Jersey.
Neivport, p-t. Luzerne co. Pennsylvania. Pop.
566.
Newport, t. Indiana co. Pennsylvania.
JVewport, p-t. Newcastle co. Delaware.
Newport, p-t. Charles co. Maryland.
Newport, r. Liberty co. Geo. which communi-
cates with the sea by two mouths, between which
lies St. Catherine's island. It is navigable for
sloops to Riceborough.
Newport, p-t. and cap. Cocke co. East-Tennes-
see.
Newport, t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
11m. E. Marietta.
Newport, p-t. and cap. Licking co. Ken. on the
Ohio, immediately above the mouth of Licking
river, and opposite Cincinnati. It is situated on
an elevated fertile plain. The public buildings
are a court-house and jail, a market-house, an
academy, incorporated and endowed by the Le-
gislature with 6,000 acres of land; and a United
States' arsenal, v/ith barracks for 2 or 3 regi-
ments of soldiers, inclosed by a stockade.
Newporiage, t. Portage co. Ohio, 20 m. S. W.
Ravenna.
Netv Portland, p-t. Somerset co. Maine,
Nen-port Pagnell, t. Eng. in Buckingham co. on
the Ouse, 13 m. S. E. Northampton, 51 N. W.
London. Lon. 0° 42' W. Lat. 52° 5' N. Pop.
2,515.
Newport-Pratt, t. Ireland, in Mayo co. 8 m. W.
Castlebar. Lon. 9° 21' W. Lat. 53" 53' N.
New Providence, p-t. Essex co. N. J.
New Richmmid, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 15 m. S. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815,
230.
New Richmond, t. Ross co. Ohio, 14 m. S. E.
Chillicothe.
Neic River. See Kenhawa.
New River, r. N. C. which runs into New river
inlet, 45 m. W. S. W. Cape Lookout, in lon. 77°
38' W. lat. 34° 27' N.
New River, r. Beaufort district, S. C. which
communicates with Savannah sound, W. of Daw-
fuskey island.
Neie Rochelle, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on East
river, 20 m. from New York, 5 S. Whiteplaius.
Pop. 996.
New Rumley, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 m. N.
Cadiz.
Netcry, s-p. Ireland, in Down co. on the Newry
water, which falls into Carlingford bay. It was
formerly a pass and military post of considerable
importance. It was ruined in the great rebellion
of 1641, in which its inhabitants suffered incredi-
ble hardships. After the restoration, it was re-
built, and began to make some figure ; but in Sep-
65
tember 1689, it was again reduced to ashes by the
duke of Berwick. In consequence of the suc-
ceeding settlement of Ireland, the place revived.
Its increase has been chiefly owing to its canal,
by which a communication lias been formed be-
tween Lough Neagh and the bay of Carlingford,
by means of which vessels of 50 or 60 tons are
enabled to pass through the heart of Ulster. The
linen manufacture was carried on very extensive-
Ij'^, and large quantities of linen were exported,
but this trade has been of late much injured.
There is a very considerable export of butter,
beef, pork, and grain. There are also some ex-
tensive manufactories. 50i m. N. Dublin, 30 S.
S. W. Belfast. Lon. 6° 15' W. Lat. 54° 10' N.
Pop. 15,000.
Neicry, t. Oxford co. Maine, 24 m. N. W. Paris.
Pop. 202.
New Salem, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 16 m. E.
Greenfield. Pop. 2,107.
Netv Salem, p-v. New London co. Ct.
JVe?;.' Salem, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
New Salem, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 m. W.
Steubenville. Pop. in 1815, 500.
New Sharo7i, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine.
Newshelf, shoal, on the N. W. coast of Riou's
island, in the Pacific. Lon. 220° 47' E. Lat. 8°
60' S.
New Shoreham, R. I. See Block Island.
Nero South Wales, a British colony on the east
coast of New Holland, of indefinite extent. All
the settlements yet made, are on a narrow belt of
land between the coast and a lofty range of hills,
known to the colonists by the name of the Blue
mountains. The names of the towns are Sydney,
(the capital,) Paramatta, Windsor, Newcastle,
and Liverpool. Sydney is in lat. 32° 53' S. and
all the rest are within 60 miles of Sydney. — The
climate of this country is healthy and pleasant.
The grains in cultivation are wheat, maize, bar-
ley, oats, and rye ; the first two thrive best, and
are most in use. Peaches, apricots, cherries, or-
anges, lemons, and various other fruits are raised
in great perfection.
'The colonists are principally convicts, banished
from Great Britain for their crimes; but within a
few jears, voluntary emigrants of industrious
habits, have resorted hither in considerable num-
bers : the state of society has, in consequence,
undergone a material change for the better ; and
property of all kinds has improved in value and
security. The population, stock, and produce
have increased with astonishing rapidity. The
colony was planted in 1788. In 1800, the number
of horses was 163; of horned cattle, 1,024; of
sheep, 6,124. In 1813, the number of horses was
1,891 ; of horned cattle 21,513; of sheep, 65,121.
The following are the returns for 1817, and 1818 :
No. of
FOUls.
1817,
1818.
luc
■i
20,379
25.050
4,671
Hor-
IHorn'dj
cattle. Sheep.
Hogs.
3,072 44,753 170.92OJ 17,842
3,675 55,450[201,240 24,82'>
603 10,697 30,320
6,980
cleard
gro'd^
47,564
49,600
2,036
No attempts were made to crois the Blue Ridge,
for the purpose of exploring the interior of this
counti-y, until the year 1813. Since that time,
several expeditions liave been undertaken, par-
ticularly two tmder lient. Oxley, in 1817 and
1818, who explored the country for several hun-
dred mile? from the con =t. He ascertained that
514
N E VV
NEW
several large rivers rise on the west bide of the
Blue mountains, and traced their course for many
hundred miles into the interior. I'liey appear to
terminate, hoWfever, in immense swamps or iuhuid
lakeis; and from all that was discovered, it seems
probable that the country will not admit of settle-
rnent beyond 200 miles from the coast.
jYeuj !Store, p-v. Buckingham co. Va.
JVew) Sicitzerlandy t. Switzerland co. Indiana,
on Ohio river, settled by Swiss emigrants. They
cultivate the vine, and in 1810, 2,400 gallons of
^vine were made from 80 acres of vineyard.
JV>u) Smyrna, t. Florida, on Mosquito river, 10
m. above its mouth, 70 m. S. St. Augustine. It
was originally settled by a colony of about 1,500
Greeks and Minorcans.
Newton, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. on the
Severn, 7 m. S. W, Montgomery, 175 W. by N.
London. Lon. 3" 18' VV. Lat. 52° 30' ?i. Pop.
2,025.
Newton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. N. E. Man-
chester. Pop. 1,784.
Newton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 6 m. N. E. Stock-
port. Pop. 1,445.
Newton Bushel, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m. S.
Exeter, 187 S, W. London. Pop. 856.
Newton, borough, Eng. in the Isle of Wight, 5
m. W. N. W. Newport, 92 S. W. London. The
harbor is safe, and admits vessels of 500 tons bur-
den.
Newton, t. York co. Lower Canada, 40 m. W.
Montreal.
Newl07i, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Charles
river, opposite Needham, 9 m. W. Boston. Pop.
1,709. At the falls of the river here, are several
paper-mills, iron manufactories, and snuff mills.
Newton, p-t. Harrison co. Ken.
Newton, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. S. W. War-
ren,
Newton, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. S. W.
Zanesville.
Newton-Limemddy, t. Ireland, 14 m. S. E. Lon-
donderry.
Neu'ton in the Willows, borough, Eng. in Lan-
casshire, 193 N. W. London. Pop.1,589.
Newton-Stewart, t. Scotland, in VVigton co. on
the Cree, 17 m. W. by S. New Galloway. Pop.
1,200.
Newton-Stewart, t. Ireland, in Tyrone co. on the
river Foyle, 94i m. fr. Dublin castle.
Newloxcn, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. S. Ex-
eter, 10 N. W. Newburyport, 26 S. VV. Ports-
mouth. Pop. 454.
Newtown, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the Housa-
tonnuc, 26 m. N. VV. New Haven, 48 S. VV. Hart-
ford. Fop. 2,834.
Newtown, t. Queens co. on Long island, N. Y.
bordering on East river, 8 m. E. New York. Fop.
2,437. The village of Newtown is pleasantly
situated, and has 3 churches. The celebrated
9 pple, called the Newtown pippin, takes its name
from this place.
Nev;tow}i, t. Gloucester co. N.J. Pop. 1,951.
Newtown, p-t. Sussex co. N.J. Pop. 2.082.
Newtown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 902.
Newiown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Newtown, p-t. King-and-Queens co. Va.
Newtown, p-t. Frederick co. Va.
Newtown, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 2 m. from Lit-
tle Miami, 6 above its mouth, 20 fr. Williamsburg.
Neviown. p-t. Licking co. Ohio.
Newtown Ardrts, t. Irehiud, in Down co. 9 m.
E Belfast.
Newtown Barry, or Bunclody, t. Ireland, ia
Wexford co. 10 m. N. VV. Enniscorthy.
Newtown Bellew, v. Ireland, in Galway co. 87-^
m fr. Dublin.
New Trenton, p-t. Franklin co. Indiana.
New Vernon, p-v. Morris co. N. J.
Ncurville, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Newty, Fort, Hind, on the W. coast of Concflu,
in possession of the British. Lon. 73° 40' E. Lat-
15" 46' N.
New Washington, p-v. Clark co. Indiana.
Neil) Windsor, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 5 m. below Newburgh, 65 N. New York.
Pop. 2,331.
New Windsor, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
Neiv Work Island, small isl. near the N. E. coast
of Newfoundland. Lon- 54° 30' W. Lat. 49'
55' N.
New Yearns Islands, a group of small islands in
the Pacific ocean, on the N. coast of Staten Land
Lon. 64° 28' W. Lat. 54° 41' S.
New Year''s Isle, isl. on the N. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 133" 4' E. Lat. 10° 55' S.
New York, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Low-
er Canada; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts, and
Connecticut ; S. by New Jersey and Pennsylva-
nia ; and VV. and N. W. by Upper Canada, from
whicli it is separated by lake Erie, Niagara river,
lake Ontario, and the river St. Lawrence. It ex-
tends from lat. 40° "i^i to 45° N. and from lon. 73'
to 79° 55' VV. Length, on the parallel of 42", 340
miles. Extent, 46,000 sq. miles, or 29,494,720
acres. Pop. in 1756, 110,317; in 1786, 238,897;
in 1790, 340,120; in 180C, 586,050; in 1810,
959,049; of whom 918,690 were whites, 15,017
slaves, and 25,333 free blacks ; in 1820, 1,379,989.
Militia in 1821, 121,553.
The south-eastern angle of the State is moun-
tainous, being traversed by several ridges from
New Jersey, one of which crosses the Hudson at
the highlands. The country on lake Champlain
is hilly, and becomes mountainous as you approach
the highlands which divide the waters of this lalce
from those of the St. Lawrence. West of these
highlands, a fine country, at first hilly, then level
and fertile, extends to the St. Lawrence, and lake
Ontario. The western part of the State is prin-
cipally level, except near the Pennsylvania boun-
dary, where it becomes hilly and mountainous.
From Genesee river, near its mouth, to Lewis-
ton, on tlie Niagara river, there is a remarkable
ridge, running almost the wliole distance, which
is 78 miles, and in a direction from east to west.
Its general altitude above the neighboring land is
.30 feet, and its width varies considerably; in some
places it is not more than 40 yards. Its elevation
above the level of lake Ontario is, perhaps, 160
feet, to which it descends by a gradual slope, and
its distance from that water is between 6 and 10
miles. There is every reason to believe tliat this
remnrkable ridge was once the margin of this
great lake. About 20 miles S. of this ridge, and
parallel with it, there is another which runs from
Genesee river to Black Rock. The country be-
tween the ridges is called the Tonnewanta valley,
and there is some reason to believe that it wa?
once covered by the waters of lake Erie.
The eastern half of Long-Island is sandy and
barren; the western part is fertile, and in a high
state of culti\'ution. The country on tlie Hudson
below the mouth of tlie Mohawk, has a good medi-
um soil : the counties of Westchester and Dutchess
are imder verygood cultivation. The alluvial flat*
N E W
©f Columbia and some part of Rensselaer counties,
are very extensive and rich. A considerable dis-
trict west of Albany consists of sandy plains, inter-
spersed witli marshes. The alluvial flats on the
Mohawk are extensive and very fertile. The soil
of the vast elevated plain of the western region,
occupied by the small lakes, is a rich mould,
squally well adapted to grain and grass. The
alluvial flats are here extensive ; those on Genesee
river include about 60,000 acres. Wheat is rais-
ed in this Stale, in greater abundance than all
other grains, Indian corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp,
Ac. are also extensivelycultivated.
The 2)rincipal minerals are iron and lead, and
there are indications of the abundant existence of
coal. Lime, marble, marl, flint, gypsum, slate
for building, clays for manufacturing, and ochi-es
of various kinds, have been discovered in great
quantities. Salt springs exist in Onondaga, Cay-
uga, Seneca, Ontario, and G enesee counties, and
yield more than 600,000 bushels of salt annually,
and the quantity may be increased indefinitely.
The principal salt worlis are at Salina on Onon-
daga lake. The mineral waters of Saratoga and
Baliston are the most celebrated in America.
The legislature consists of a senate of 32 mem-
bers, and of a house of representatives, v/ho may
not exceed 150. The State is divided into four
great districts . for the choice of senators. They
hold their seats for 4 years, and one-fourth part is
elected every year. The representatives are cho-
.sen annually by counties. The governor and
Heutenant governor are elected for 3 years. A
Couu'-jI of Appointment, consisting of the gover-
nor, and a Senator from each of the four great
districts, is chosen annually by the legislature.
In this council, the governor presides, with only a
casting vote. 1 he number of officers annually
appointed by this council is enormous; embracing
most of the subordinate officers of the State.
The denominations of Christians in this state
are Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Associate Re-
formed Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed Presbyte-
rians, Baptists, Methodists, Friends, German Lu-
therans and Calvinists, Moravians, Catholics, and
Shakers.
A vast fund, amounting in value to a million and
'd half of dollars, has been appropriated to the
support of common schools, and it appears from
the report of the Superintendant in 1820, that
5,763 schools had been organized according to law,
and that nine-tentlis of all ths children in the
State, between 5 and 15 years of age, received
instruction. Academies and colleges are also well
endowed. The colleges are Columbia college,
and the Medical college, in the city of New York ;
Union college, in Schenectady ; and Hamilton
college at Clinton. There are 40 or 50 incorpo^
rated academies, and several Theological semina-
ries.
The escorts from New York exceed tliose of any
other State in the Union, and in 1815, it paid more
than one third of tlie revenue of the U. S. and
more than twice as rau,ch as any other State. In
the amount of sliipping it is surpassed only by
Massachusetts, and in the value ol manufactures
only by Pennsylvania. The value of the manu-
factures in 1810, was $25,370,289; the amount of
shipping, in 1815, 309,290 tons; and the revenue
paid in 1815, $14,491,739. The exports consist of
wheat, Indian corn, rve, beef, pork, lumber, fee.
■h' their vaUie in 1816, was $19,690,031 ; in 1817,
NEW
515
$18,707,433; in 1820, $13,163,244, about one-
third of which was foreign produce.
For several years past, the State has been en-
gaged in improvements of its inland navigation,
on a scale never before witnessed in this country,
and with an energy and liberality which excite
universal admiration. A grand canal is now in
progress, which will open a water communication
from Hudson river to lake Erie, and another is
already completed, uniting the same river with
lake Chaniplalu.
The Erie caiial, when completed, will be 850
miles long. The route is as follows : Beginning
at Albany, on the Hudson, it passes up the west
bank of that river nearly to the mouth of the Mo-
liawk ; then along the south bank of the Mohawk,
through the counties of Albany, Schenectady, Mont-
gomery, Herkimer, and Oneida, to Piome. From
Rome it proceeds in a S. W. direction, and crossea
Oneida creek into Madison county, where it turns
to the W. and passes through Onondago county,
approaching within a mile and a half of Salina, at
the S. end of Onondaga lake. It crosses Seneca
river at Montezuma, and passing by Lyons and
Palmyra, strikes the Genesee river at Rochester.
West of the Genesee river, it runs on the S. side
of the Ridge road, and parallel with it for 60 miles,
and then turning to the south, joins Tonnewanta
creek 1 1 miles from its mouth in Niagara river.
The channel of the Tonnewanta will be made use
of for these 11 miles, and the canal will then pro-
ceed in a southerly direction from the mouth of
the Tonnewanta, along the east bank of Niagara
river to Buff"alo on Lake Erie.
This route is divided into three sections. The
western section extends from Buffalo to Montezu-
ma on Seneca river, 160 miles ; through this dis-
tance the level of the canal uniformly descends
from the lake, and the whole descent is 194 feet by
25 locks. The middle section extends from Mon-
tezuma to Romt, 77 miles ; through this distance
the level of the canal uniformly ascends, and the
whole ascent is 49 feet. The eastern section ex-
tends from Rome to Albany, 113 miles: through
this distance the level of the canal uniformly de-
scends ; and the whole descent is 419 feet by 46
locks. The aggreijate of rise and fall is therefore
6G2 feet, and the difference of levels between Lake
Erie and the Hudson, 564 feet.
The canal is 40 feet wide on the surface, 28
at the bottom, and 4 feet deep. It was estimated
by the commissioners in 1817, that the whole ex-
pense would be $4,881,733 : viz. the western sec-
tion, $1,756,862; the middle section, $853,186;
the eastern section, $2,196,690; and general ex-
penses $75,000. The average expense per mile,
according to this estimate, was $13,800. The ca-
nal was commenced on the 4th of July 1817. in
1819, the whole of the middle section was comple-
ted, and tlic i^art of the eastern section between
Rome and Ltica; a distance in all, of 96 miles.
For sixty-seven miles of this space, the canal pro-
ceeds on the summit level, without a single lock.
The original estimate of the expense of these
96 miles was $1,021,851 ; the actual cost was
$1, 125,983. Barges of 70 tons burden, drawn by-
two horses at the rate of five miles an hour, now
convey passengers from Utica to Montezuma, a
distance of 96 miles.
During the year 1820, 51 miles of the western
section, including the whole distance from Gen-
esee riv«r to Monte/uma, excx^pt about 9 mflea.
516
NEW
NEW
was either completed, or under contract. During
the same year, 31 miles of the eastern section, be-
ginning at Utica, and extend-ng eastvvardly aJong
the valley of the Mohav/k, was put in such a state
of forwardness, as to insure its completion in the
course of the yeai- 1821. In their report of March
1821, the commissioners anticipate the entire com-
pletion of the canal before the close of the year
1823.
Among the benefits of this grand enterprise, it
is expected, that beside furnishing an outlet for
the agricultural produce of vast and fertile re-
gions, salt may be supplied to the Atlantic States
from the great salt works at Salina, cheaper than
from abroad. In the progress of the canal also,
gypsum of the best quality has been discovered,
and in sufficient quantities for the supply of the
whole United States.
The Champlain canal is 22 miles long from
"Whitehall at the mouth of Wood creek on Lake
Champlain, to Fort Edward on the Hudson. It
is 40 feet wide at the surfl^ce, 28 at the bottom,
and 4 feet deep. The locks arc 90 feet long, and
14 feet wide in the clear. The descent from the
summit level to Lake Champlain is 54 feet, and
from the summit level to the Hudson, 30 feet. The
expense was 'about 3260,000. The canal was
opened in the summer of 1320, and though the
navigation was interrupted for three months, con-
siderable quantities of lumber passed through it.
By means of dams, locks, and other improvements,
a good boat navigation has been opened on the
Hudson, from Fort Edward, as far down as Sara-
toga falls. At Saratoga falls a canal was com-
menced in 1820, which is to extend along the west
bank of the Hudson to Waterford, at the mouth of
the Mohawk, a distance of 27 miles. The whole
expense of continuing the Champlain canal from
Fort Edward to W'ateribrd, was originally estima-
ted at i^'62 1,000, but from more minute examina-
tion of tha countr)', and the discovery of unex-
pected facilities, the estimate is now reduced to
$400,000. It is expected that the whole will be
completed, and a navigation ojJGoed from Lake
Champlain to the tide waters of tiie Hudson in
5822. Plans have been recently submitted to the
Icgislatare of the State for imjjroving the naviga-
tion of the Hudson below the head of tide waters,
so as to admit of tfie ascent of ships to Albany.
JVeio York, the first commercial city in America,
is on the island of the same name, at the conflu-
ence of Hudson and East rivers, in lat. 40" 42' 40"
N. and Ion. 74° 0' 4,5'' W., 90 m. N. E. Philadel-
phia, 210 S. W. Boston, 160 S,. Albany, 390 S.
Montreal. The city, county, and island of New
York are of the same extent. The island is 1.5
miles long, and on an average 1^ broad, and is sep-
arated from New Jersey by the Hudson ; from the
continental part of New York by Haarlem creek ;
from Long island, by East river ; and from Stat-
en island, by New York bay or harbor.
The compact part of the city is at the S. end of
the island, and extends along the Hudson about 2
miles ; and from the Battery, in the S. W. corner,
along East river, nearly 4 mile?. Its circuit is
about 8 miles. The streets of the ancient part,
at the S. end of the city, are frequently narrow
and crooked, but all the northern part has been
recently laid out, and with much better taste.
The principal street is Broadway, which is 80
feet wide, and extends from the Battery, in a N.
E. direction, through the centre of the city, for
three miles. It is generally well built, and a part
of it is splendid. The houses in the city, gener**
ally, were formerly built of wood, but these are
fast disappearing, and substantial brick houses,
with slated roofs, rising in their place. The city
is divided into 10 wards.
Among the public buildings, the most promin-
ent and important is the City Hall, which is the
most beautiful edifice in the U. S. It is 216 feet
long, 105 broad, and, including the attic story,
65 feet high. The front, and both ends above
the basement story, are built of white marble.
The expense was $500,000. It is occupied by
the City council in their meetings, and by the
different courts of law. — The New York Hos-
pital comprises the Hospital for the reception
of the sick and disabled, the lunatic asylum,
and the lying-in hospital. The annual expen-
diture is about $40,000. During the year 1819,
1,725 patients were admitted, of whom 1,320
were cured. A valuable medical library of
about 3,000 volumes, is attached to the institu-
tion.— "The Alms Hoase is a plain stone structure,
on East river, 2 miles from the city hall. It is 3
stories high, 320 feet long, and 50 wide, recently
erected. The expense, including the workhouse,
penitentiary, and other buildings connected with
it, was $418,791. In 1816, the number of poor
in this institution was 1.487, and the expense of
the establishment $90,886.— The State prison is
on the Hudson, at Greenwich, about li mile from
the city hall. It is constructed of free stone. The
number of prisoners in 1814, was 494, and in
1819, G04. The original cost of the establishment
was $208,846, and large sums have been voted by
the legislature to defray the annual expenses. —
The New York Institution is near the city hall,
and its apartments are occupied by the literary
and philosophical society ; the historical society,
which has a library of about 5,000 volumes, and
a permanent fund of $12,000; the American
Academy of Fine Arts, which has a valuable col-
lection of paintings and statues ; the Lyceum of
natural history ; and the American Museum.
Columbia college, formerly called King's col-
lege, was established in 1754. It has a presi-
dent, 5 professors, 140 students, a library of 3,000
or 4,000 volumes, a valuable philosophical ap-
paratus, and an annual revenue of more thau
$4,000. A Faculty of medicine was formerly at-
tached to the institution, but in 1814 it was sepa-
rated from it.
A college of Physicians and Surgeons was es-
tablished in 1807, and in 1814, the Faculty of
medicine was united with it, which was formerly
attached to Columbia college. Thus united, the
college of Physicians has 7 professors, and is one
of the most respectable and flourishing medical
institutions in the country. The Elgin Botanic
garden is also attached to this institution.
A Theological Seminary was instituted in this
city in 1805, by the general Synod of the Asso-
ciate Reformed church. In 1818, it had 2 pro-
fessors, 26 students, and a library of about 5,000
volumes.
Among the other institutions are a theatre,
Vauxhall and other public gardens, an orphan
asylum, an asylum for the deaf and dumb, a cus-
tom-house, 8 market-houses, 11 banks, 11 insur-
ance companies, numerous benevolent and chari-
table institutions for the relief of ihe poor, the
sick, the aged, the widow, the orphan, and the
stranger. — The New York Society Library con-
tains about 15,000 volumes, valued at more than
NEW
$40,000. — In 1817, there were published in tlie
city, 7 daily newspapers, 5 semi-weekly, and 5
weekly, besides several monthly literary, and reli-
gious raag;azines. — There are 57 houses of public
worship, 12 for Episcopalians, 6 for Presbyterian?,
1 for Reformed Presbyterians, 1 for Associate
Presbyterians, 3 for Associate Reformed Presbyte-
rians, 7 for Dutch Reformed Presbyterians, 8 for
Methodists, 6 for Baptists, 3 for Friends, 2 for Ro-
man Catholics, 1 for German Lutherans, 1 for
German Calvinists, 1 for Moravians, 1 for Uni-
versalists, 1 for Jews, 1 for Seamen, 1 for Sweden-
bora;ians, and 1 for Unitarians.
The Battery is a beautiful open space., contain-
ing several acres, at the S. W. point of the city.
It commands a fine view of the harbor, with its
shipping, islands, and fortifications, and is much
frequented by the citizens. The Park is a hand-
some common, in front of the City Hall, contain-
ing 4 acres, and is also a fashionable resort. The
Elgin Botanic garden is 3^ miles from the city hall,
and contains about 20 acres. It was founded in
1801, by Dr. David Hosack, and was purchased
by the State in 1810, for $74,268, and presented
to the Medical college.
New York harbor is a large bay, 9 miles long,
and 4 broad, which spreads before the city on the
S. side, having Long Island on the E. and Staten
Island and New Jersey on the W. On the N. it
receives the Hudson; on the N. E. it communi-
cates with Long Island Sound through East river ;
on the W. with Newark bay, through the Kills ;
on the S. with the Atlantic ocean, through the
Narrows. It embosoms several small islands, as
Governor's island, Bedlow's island, and Ellis's
island, near the city of New York, on each of
which are fortifications. The harbor is deep
enough for the largest vessels, well secured from
winds and storms, sufficiently spacious for the
most numerous fleet, and the currents are so rapid,
that it is seldom obstructed by ice; not having
been frozen over since 1780.
New York is admirably situated for commerce,
tm an excellent harbor, at the mouth of a noble
liver, with an extensive, fertile, and populous
back country. It imports most of the goods con-
sumed in the State of New York, the northern
half of New Jersey, and the western pai-ts of New
l']ngland ; and exports the produce of the same
section. This city owns more shipping than any
tther in the Union, and more than half as much
Z3 the city of London. The amount of shipping
.in 1816, was 299,617 tons. The revenue from
the customs, collected at this port, is about one-
fjurth of the whole revenue of the U. States ; in
1815, it was $14,409,790.— The revenue of the
t ity, for city purposes, for the year ending May
12th 1817, was $483,011.
Few cities in the world have increased so regu-
larly and rapidly as New York. In 1697, the
population was 4,302; in 1756, 13,040; in 1790,
33,131; in 1800, 60,489; in 1805, 75,770; in
1810,96,373; in 1820, 123,706. The inhabitants
are from many different nations. More than one-
third are of New England origin. After these,
the most numerous are the Dutch and Scotch, and
then the English, Irish, and French.
Mw York, t. Albemarle co. Va. 23 m. W. Char-
Ictte.
JN'ew York, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
J^ew Zealand, two large islands in the Pacific
ooean, lying E. of New South Wales, divided from
*'\ch other by a strait \2 or 15 miles broad. Lon.
N I A
17
] SI" to 194" W. Lat. 34° to 38" S. The northern
island is 600 miles long, and on an average 150
broad, and the southern nearly as large. The
most valuable production is flax. Wheat, barley,
and all the common European grains and vegeta-
bles, flourish here. The inhabitants are a high-
minded and noble race of men. They have vir-
tues which place them in the highest rank of un-
civilized nations. But the Missionaries confirm
the report that they are cannibals, as they have
been frequently known to roast and devour the
prisoners taken in war. Their principal faults
result from the fierceness of an untamed spirit,
and not from the low vices of the sensual. War
is the New Zealander's glory. Fighting is the
principal topic of his conversation. He believes
that the soul, as soon as it is parted from the body,
is engaged in war.
At Parramatta, in the British colony of New
South Wales, a seminary has been established fo?
the instruction of New Zealanders in the simple
arts of life. They are here taught to spin, weave,
and reap. They manifest a strong desire for im-
provement. In February, 1820, the seminary
contained 25 pupils. Two establishments have
also been made in New Zealand by the Church
Missionary Society, and with very promising suc-
cess. The labors of the Missionaries and settlers
are producing a sensible change on the people im-
mediately around them ; who begin to respect the
Sabbath, and the forms of the Christian religion.
Their warlike disposition, however, creates some
difficulties. They are most earnest for the in-
struction of their children, and crying out, in all
directions, for Missionaries.
Nexapa, t. Mexico, 5 leagues W. Oaxaca.
Nexnpan, San Antonia de, settlement, Spanish
America, in Guatimala, 10 m. S. E. St. Salvador.
JVexon, V. France, in Upper Vienne, 15 m. S. S.
W.Limoges. Pop. 1,800.
JVeyer, district. Hind. inCutch, about 24" N.lat.
J^eyland, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 6 m.
N. Colchester. Pop. 933.
JYganehan, city, China, in Koeitchoo. Lon.
105° 31' E. Lat. 26° 12' N.
J^ganlo, t. China, in Houquang. Lon. Ill" 24'
E. Lat. 31° 14' N.
Nhing-koue, city of China, in Eangnan. Lon.
118°24'^E. Lat.3r2'N.
Niabussun, t, Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 87°
25° E. Lat. 23° 45' N.
JS'iagara, r. N. America, through which Lake
Erie discharges itself into Lake Ontario, is cele-
brated for its falls, one of the grandest natural cu-
riosities on the globe. The river flows from S. to
N. and is 35 miles long. At its efflux from Lake
Erie it is | of a mile wide, from 40 to 60 feet deep,
and flows with a current of 7 miles an hour. As it
proceeds, the river spreads to the width of 6 or 7
miles, embosoming several islands, particularly
Grand and Navy islands, which terminate in beau-
tiful points li miles above the falls. A little be-
low the termination of these islands, commence the
rapids, which extend a. mile to the precipice, in
which space the river descends 57 feet. At the
precipice it is | of a mile wide. Here Goat isl-
and divides the river into 2 channels ; the channel
between Goat island and the Eastern or United
States' shore, is also divided by a small island.
Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly
about 1 60 feet. Much the greater part of the wa-
ter passes in the channel between Goat island and
the Canada shore. This fail is called from its
518
N I C
shape the Horse-shoe fall. Between Goat island
and the small island in the eastern channel, the
stream is only 8 or 10 yards wide, forming a beau-
tiful cascade. Between this small island and the
United States shore, the sheet of water is broad,
and the descent is greater by a few feet than at
the Horse-shoe fall, but the stream is comparative-
ly shallow.
The falls are seen to advantage from different
positions. The best single view is that from the
Table rock on the Canada side ; and the best view
of the rapids is from Goat island, which is ingeni-
ously connected by a bridge with the eastern
shore. The view from the river below is the most
entire. Below the falls, the river runs between
perpendicular banks 300 feet high to Queeenston,
7 miles ; thence to Lake Ontario the country is
open. About 5 miles below the fall?, is a semicir-
(jular basin on the E. side of the river 300 yards in
circuit, inclosed by rocky cliffs. The current con-
fined here forms a tremendous whirlpool, called
the Devil's Hole, after %vhich it assumes a tranquil
course. From Lewiston to its mouth, 8 miles, it
affords a good harbour for vessels. From the lan-
ding at Lewiston there is a portage of 9 miles to
Fort Schlosser, 2 miles above the falls.
J^Tiagara, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Onta-
rio, E. by Genesee co. S. by Oataraugus co. and
W. by Lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. 6,132.
Chief town, Buffalo.
Niagara, formerly Schlosser, p-t. Niagara co.
N. Y. on Niagara river, just above the falls.
Niagara, t. and fort, Niagara co. N.Y.on the Ni-
agara, at its entrance into Lake Ontario, 15 below
the great falls. Itwas taken by the British in 1813,
and the town was destroyed, but it has since been
rebuilt in a better style than before. Lon. 79" 6'
W, Lat. 43° 14' N.
Miugur, t. Hind, in Gundawaneh. Lon. 82° 11'
E, Lat. 22° 22' N.
Mak, isl. on S. W. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 43° 30' W. Lat. 59° 45' N.
JV'tas, or Neas Isle, isl. in the Eastern sea*;, off
Tapanooly bay, -.on the W. coast of Sumatra, from
which it is separated by a strait 60 miles broad.
It is 50 miles long by 20 broad.
JSibbionna, t. Austrian Italy, on the Lambro, 10
m. S. E. Como.
JVibe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 9 m. W. S, W.
Aalborg. Pop. 1,000.
Nicaragua, a province of the kingdom of Gua-
timala, bounded N. by Honduras, E. by the Carri-
bean sea, W. by Guatimala and the Pacific, and S.
by Costa Rica.
Nicaragua, or Leon de Nicaragua, cap. of the
above proviiice. It is the see of a bishop. Its port
is Realexo, which is situated near it, on the river
Realexo, and has a good harbour. Lon. 85° 4' W.
Lat. 11° 16' N.
Nicaragua, a lake of fresh water in the above
province, 120 miles long, and 41 broad. It is nav-
igable for the largest vessels. It enters the sea by
the east, through a channel called the river San
Juan, which is 64 miles long, and on which a con-
siderable trade is carried on by means of canoes
amd other small craft.
Nicaslro, anciently Neocasb-um, t. Italy, in the
S. of the kingdom of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15
m. N. W. Squillace, 24 N. N. E. Mileto. Pop.
10,000.
Niccola della Strada, t. Naples, S. of Capua.
Pop^ 2,000,
S'ice, a county or province in the Sardinian
N I C
states, surrounded by Genoa, Monaco, the man-
time Alps, tlie French department of the Var, and
the Mediterranean. Extent, 1,230 square miles.
Pop. 91,000.
A7ce, t. in the N. W. of Italy, in the Sardinian
states, and cap. of the province of Nice, It stands
at the mouth of the small river Pagliou,on the Med-
iterranean, and is delightfully situated at the foot
of an amphitheatre of hills covered with villas,
gardens, and groves of orange and lemon trees.
Here is a theatre, public baths, coffee-houses, a li-
brary, delightful walks, and good society. These,
added to the presumed salubrity of the climate in
consumptive complaints, render it a favourite re-
sort of emigrating foreigners, particularly English.
The harbour, which is pi'otectedby a mole, is spa-
cious and secure, and is capable of admitting ves-
sels of 300 tons. The trade consists chiefly in the
export of the oil, wine, and silk of the neighbour-
hood. 92 m, S. W. Genoa, 92 S. by W. Turin.
Lon. T 16' E. Lat. 43" 41' N, Pop. 18,500.
Nichaburg. See Nishapour.
Nicholas, co. Va. formed in 1818, of a part of
Greenbx-iar county. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Nicholas, co. Ken. Pop. 4,898, including 509
slaves.
Nicholas Island, small island on the N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 79° 40' W. Lat. 23° 15' N.
NicholasvUle, p-t. and cap. Jessamine co. Ken.
20 m. S. W. Lexington. Pop. 158. Here is a
bank.
Nichol Forest, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 10^ m.
N. E. Longtown. Pop. 757.
NicholPs inn, p-v. Dearborn co. Indiana.
Nicholson, or Thornbotlom, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa.
Pop. 169.
Nicholson'' s house, p-v. "Warren co. N. C.
Nickelsberg, t. Boliemia, 23 m. S. Dresden.
Nicobar, the name of a group of islands in the
bay of Bengal, between 6° and 10° N. lat. and be-
tween 93° and 95° E. lon. There are 7 large and
12 small ones. They arealmost all inhabited by a
quiet and inoffensive people. The soil produces co-
coa nuts, pine apples, plantains, lemons and other
fruits in abundance, but t!ie climate is very un-
healthy. The Danes attempted a settlement here
in 1736, but almost all the colonists died within a
few years,
Nicojack, a cave in the Cherokee country, 20
m. S. W. Look-Out mountain, and ^ a mile from
Tennessee river. A large river, 60 feet wide and
6 feet deep issues from its mouth, which has been
explored 3 miles in a canoe.
Nicolaef. See Nicolaiev.
Nicolai, or Nikolou; t. Prussian Stales, 13 m..
N. Plesse, 42 W. N. W. Cracow. Pop. 1,200.
Nicolas du Port, t. France, in Meurthe, 7 m
S. E. Nancy, 9 W. x\. W. Luneville. Pop. 3,200.
Nicolet, r. Lower Canada, which takes its rise
from a lake S. of the St. Lawrence, ajid runs N.
W. for about 47 miles, when it is met by a large
branch, navigable for boats and other small craft.
From this point its course, till it falls into Lake St.
Peter, is 21 miles.
Nicolet, seigniory, Lower Canada, in Bucking-
ham CO. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m.
S. Three-Rivers. The village consists of about 50
houses with a church.
Nicoping, or Nyekiobing, s-p. Denmark, on the
island of Mors, in the gulf of Lymfiord, 33 m.
N. N. W. Wiborg,
Nicopoli-s, in Sac, Geog, a city either of Mace-
N I E
donia or Thrace. The learned are not agreed to
which country it belonged.
McopoHs, or JVUcopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bul-
garia, on the left bank of the Danube. 1 64 m. N.
VV. Adrianople, 276 N. W. Constantinople. Lon.
24° 8' E. Lat. 43° 45' N. Pop. 20,000.
Mcosia, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 40 m.
W. N. W. Catania, 60 E. S. E. Palermo. Pop.
12,800.
JVicosia, a large city, cap. of the island of Cy-
prus. It was formerly of very great extent and
importance, being 9 miles in circumference, and
containing 300 churches. The Venetians, on ob-
taining possession of it, reduced it to a smaller
compass, but surrounded it with very strong forti-
fications. Since 1570, it has been under the do-
minion of the Turks. Its fortifications, even in
their present ruined state, are conceived by Dr.
Clarke to exceed in magnificence those of almost
every other city. The city contains 2,000 Ma-
hometan, and 1,000 Greek families, with a few
Armenian and Maronite ChristiaiL«. It carries on
manufactures of Turkey leather, of small carpets,
and of printed cottons. I.on. 33° 26' E. Lat. 35°
13' N.
JYicotera, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, situated
near the sea coast. It is the see of a bishop. 32 m.
N. by E. Reggio, 50 S. S. E. Cosenza. Pop. 6,300.
JVicoya, t. Guatimala, in Costa Rica, on a river
of the same name, near the coast of the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 85° 53' W. Lat. 10" 42' N.
Js'idda, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 23 m.
N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 1,500.
Nidda, r. Germany, which falls into the Maine
at Hochst.
Jfidegh, (an. Cadyna,) t. Caramania, in A. Tur-
key, 22 m. E. Karaiiissar. Pop. about 5,000.
jiridingen, small isl. Sweden, in the Cattegat,
with a light house. Lon. 11° 55' E. Lat. 57° 18'
21" N.
JVidjigtil, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 16'
E. Lat. \2° 15' N.
Nidycavily t. India, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 77°
42' E. Lat. 11° 51' N.
Niebla, t. Spain, in Seville. There is a con-
siderable copper mine in the neighbourhood. 1 1
m. N. N. W. Moguer. Lon. 6° 28' W. Lat. 37"
29' N. Pop. 9,000.
Niedtr Aula, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 6 m.
S. W. Hersfeld. Po;). 900.
Niederbronn, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 7 m.
N. N. W. Hanav, 12 S. W. Weissembourg. Pop.
1,500.
Mederhall, t. Wirtemburg, 13 m. N. N. W. Hall.
Pop. 1,400.
Meder-lngelheim, t. Germany, in Ilesse-Darm-
?tadt, 7 m. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,200.
JVirAernay, or JVinder-ehenheim, t. France, 12 m.
3. W. Strasburg. Pop. 1,300. See Ehenheim.
jXiefern, t. Baden, 4 m. E. N. E. Pforzheim.
Pop. i,ooo.
Meheim, t. Prussian States, 14 m. E. N. E. Pa-
.Jerborn. Pop. 1,300.
Kiemerk, t. Prussian State*, in Brandenburg,
:;ededin 1815 by Saxony. 15 ra. N. Wittenberg.
Pop. 1,300.
J^iemecz, JS'imiec, or J\''emes, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Moldavia, 76 m. W. N. W. Jassi, 280 N. E. Bel-
grade Lon. 25° 58' E. Lat. 47° 23' N.
JVicmen, r. Russia, which rises a few miles S. of
Vlinsk, and passes \-y Grodno and Kowno, where
;.t joins the Wilna. It soon after enters East Prus-
■tia, and passes the small but well known town of
N I G
519
Tilsit, 7 miles below which it divides into several
branches, which fall into the large maritime inlet
called the Kurische Haf.
Niemef, t. Bohemia, on the Polzen, 8 m. S. Gab-
lona. Pop. 1,900.
jYiemieroiv, t. Russian Poland, 16 m. N. N. E.
Braclau. Pop. 2,000, chiefly Jews.
Niemptschutz, t. Moravia, 15 m. S. Brunn. Pop.
1,050.
Ji'ienburg, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 27 m. N.
W. Hanover, 35 S. S. E. Bremen. Pop. 3,500.
J^ienburg, or Monch-Nieriburg, t. Saxony, at the
confluence of the Bude and the Saale, 20 m. S. by
E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,050.
JVienliaus, or J^eutnhaus, t. Hanover, 115 m.
W. bv N. Hanover, 46 W. N.W. Osnabruck. Pop.
1,100.
Nieper. See Dnieper.
JViepomice, t. Austrian Poland, on the Vistula,
10 m. E. Cracow.
JVierenatein, v. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
on the W. bank of the Rhine. Pop. 1,300.
JSuszawa, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 18 m. S. S.
E. Thorn. Pop. 900.
JVieul, t. France, in Lower Charente, near the
sea, 3 m. N. La Roohelle. Pop. 1,200.
Kieupiyrt, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 2
m. from the seacoast, 1 1 m. S. W. Ostend, 23 W. S.
W.Bruges. Lon. 2" 45' 15" E. Lat. 51° 7' 54" N.
Pop. 3,000.
JVi'erre, a department in the central part o^
France, bounded by the departments of the Yonne,
the Cotes d'Or, the Saone-arid-Loire, the AUier,
and the Cher. Extent, 2,800 sq. miles. Pop.
242,000. Nevers is the capital.
XUvre, r. France, which falls into the Loire at
Nevers, and gives name to the above department.
J^ieuwe Peckel Aa, v. Netherlands, in Gronin-
gen, 7 m. S. S. W. Winschoten. Pop. 2,900.
J^iewckerk, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, on
the Zuyder Zee, with a good harbour. Pop. 5,000.
JVieuwkoop, v. Netherlands, in North Holland,
12 m. E. Leyden. Pop. 1,900.
J^ieutvkuyk, v. Netherlands, in N. Brabant, 6 m.
W. Bois le Due. Pop. 900.
Nieuivpom-t, t. Netherlands, in South Holland,
17 m. E. by N. Rotterdam.
Niganiche, isl. off" the coast of Cape Breton isl-
and, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 8 leagues from
North Cape.
JVigdeh. See JS'idegh.
j^^iger, r. Eng. in Norfolk, which falls into the
German ocean at Clay.
iN'igcr, a great river of Central Africa, which
rises in the western part of the continent, near the
sources of the Senegal, and has excited an extra-
ordinary degree of interest in modern geogra-
phers, by the various and contradictory rumours
relative to its course and termination. The opin-
ion which, after the discoveries of Park, became
generally established, was that of Major Rennell,
coinciding in some measure with the previous one
of D'Anville, by which the Niger, after issuing
from the lake DJbbie, was supposed to flow east-
ward througli the countries of Houssa and Cassi-
na, till it was lost in the lakes and marshes of
Wangara. A very diflerent hypothesis has been
started by travellers into Northern Africa. Jack-
son and Hornemann both state the universal con-
viction there to be, that the Niger flows eastward,
and joins the Nile, being in fact the Nile itself.
The Moors express their astonishment when they
hear Europeans doubting the identity of the two
520
N I L
N I M
streams, Hornemann also states, that in t'czzah
he never met with any one who entertained a dif-
ferent opinion. Notwithstanding these concur-
rent testimonies, this opinion has been decidedly-
rejected by the ablest geographers. A more
recent hypothesis, the fame of which has nearly
absorbed every other, is that by which the Niger
is supposed, after a long course through Central
and Southern Africa, to pour itself into the Atlan-
tic by the estuary of the Congo. This was origin-
ally suggested to Mr. Park by captain Maxwell,
who, in the character of a slave-trader, had been
accustomed to frequent the last mentioned river.
His opinion was founded on the vast quantity of
water which it poured into the ocean, and on a
rise taking place at a period when no rains had
fallen on the southern side of the line. These ar-
guments made so strong an impression on the pub-
lic mind, that the British government, with a lib-
erality and public spirit which is highly laudable,
..determined to fit out an expedition on a great
scale, to ascertain this grand question in modern
geography. It was divided into two parts, one of
which, of a military character, was commanded
by major Peddie, and was destined to penetrate
across Western Africa to the Niger, and to de-
scend its stream ; the other, of a naval description,
under captain Tuckey was to ascend the Congo in
boats. The hopes which were raised of the suc-
cess of this expedition, have been sadly disappoint-
ed. The party of major Tuckey, overcome by
V fatigue and the heat of the climate, were seized
'"with a pestilential disorder, which proved fatal to
most of them. All the leaders of that of major
Peddie fell also a sacrifice to the climate, before
they had even approached the Niger.
JS'ightingale Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas,
near the S. coast of Madura. Lon. 114"E. Lat.
7"15'E.
JVightingale Island, small isl. in the Atlantic.
Lon. IIMS'W. Lat. 37" 29' S.
Nigritia. See Negroland.
JS'ijibabad, or JVijibgur, t. Hind, in Bareilly.
Loh. 78" 41' E. Lat. 29" 33' N.
Nijibgur, t. Hind, in Agra, on the W. bank of
the Ganges, 12 m. below Cawnpore.
Mikera, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlantic
in Ion. 57" 20' W. lat. 6" N.
Mkitsk, t. Eu. Russia, 20 m. S. E. Moscow.
Pop. 900.
Jfikolaiev, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, at the con-
fluence of the Ingul and the Bug. It was founded
so lately as 1791, and its population was, in 1820,
above 4,000, and likely to increase. The depth
of the river is 20 feet, and vessels of great size can
come up here, an advantage which has made it be
chosen as one of the stations of the Russian navy.
42 m. N. W. Cherson. Lon. 32" 0' 9" E. Lat. 56°
58' 15" N.
Kikolaiktn, t. East Prussia, in Gumbinnen, 74 m.
3. S. E, Konigsberg, 58 S. S.W. Gumbinnen. Pop.
1,300.
Mkohburg, t. Moravia, 25 m. S. Bruan. Pop.
7,600; nearlythehalf are Jews.
JVikolsk, t Eu. Russia, 290 m. E. Vologda.
•N'ikoMoi, t. A. Russia, in Oufa, on the Oural,
80 m. E. S. E. Orenburg.
JVikopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Dnieper, 44 m. S. W. Alexandrovsk. Pop. 1,200.
JVikopoli. See Nicopolit.
K-iksar, t. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 10 m, N.
Tocat.
.N'ilabf one of the names of the rirer Indus-
dYikund, t. Hind, and one of the places of Hin-
doo pilgrimage. Lon. 88° 50' E. Lat. 27" 51' N.
JVilcundah, district. Hind, in Hyderabad. Nil--
cundah, the capital, isinlon.79°15'E.lat.l6'55'N.
.¥t/e, a great and celebrated river of Africa,
which traverses Egypt through its whole extent,
and, by its inundation, produces all the fertility
for which that country is distinguished. The Por-
tuguese missionaries in Abyssinia represented the
Blue river, or Bahr el Azrek, as the principal
head of the Nile ; but it is now ascertained that
the Bahr el Abiad is the largest branch, and
has the longest course. The most authentic ac-
count of the origin of this river, is that collected
by Browne in Darfur. The Bahr el Abiad was
there described as formed by the conflux of nu-
merous small streams, descending from a very lofty
range called the mountains of Donga, which ap-
pear to be the same called by the ancients the
Mountains of the Moon. For some time it flow.i
eastward along their base ; then turns to the N. ;
and, among other countries, waters Cordofan and
Senaaar. In traversing this last, it receives its
main tributary, the Bahr el Azrek, or river of
Abyssinia. Having flowed a considerable space
further, it receives the Tacazze, after which, du-
ring a course of about a thousand miles, through
Nubia, it is not fed by any river, scarcely even by
the smallest rivulet. This vast region for about a
mile from the river is capable of culture ; beyond
which it stretches on each side into an immeasur-
able expanse of desert. Before reaching Egypt,
the Nile forms two cataracts, the lowest of which is
at Syene. In passing through Upper Egypt, the
river is confined between two mountain ranges,
which leave only a narrow strip upon each side.
Near Cairo the valley widens, and the Nile soon
separates into branches, and spreads itself over
the wide and level plain of the Delta. The rise
of the river begins about the l7th of June, and
continues till August, when the river is at its
height, and all the level parts of the country are
overflowed. In Upper Egypt, however, the stream
being confined, as in Nubia, within high banks,
artificial means of irrigation must be employed.
The length of the river is about 2,000 miles.
J^ile, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 8 m. be-
low Portsmouth. Pop. 396.
Nimburg, v. Baden, 10 m. N. N. W. Freyburg.
Pop. 900.
JVimburg, t. Bohemia, near the Elbe, 14 m. S.
S. E. Jung-Buntzlau. Pop. 2,050.
JVimeguen, or JVimvcgen, t. Netherlands, in
Gelderland, on the left bank of the great branch
of the Rhine called the Waal. It is fortified with
walls, ditches, and extensive outworks. It was
taken by the French, on 8th September 1794. 50
m. S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5" 50' E. Lat. 51° 51'
N. Pop. 13,300.
JVimes, or Jfis7nes, t. in the S. E. France, cap.
of Gard. Pop. 40,000, of whom 25,000 are Prot-
estants. It is particularly interesting from its
ancient monuments, of which, with the exception
of Rome, it is said to contain more than any other
city in Europe. It has a royal college, or high
school, with a library, a society of medicine and
agriculture, an academy of fine arts, and several
other literary and scientific institutions. It has
also extensive manufactures, particularly of silk
stuffs, stockings, ribbons, linen, and leather. It is
now the see of a bishop. 30 m. N. E. Montpelier,
70 N. W. Marseilles, 470 S. S. F. Paris. Lon, 4°
21' E. Lat. 43° 50' N.
N I S
NOB
521
JVimes, in Bohemia. See JViemes.
JVimishillen, r. Ohio, which run, into the Mus-
kingum, about 12 miles above New Philadelphia.
mmishillen, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 470.
Mmptsch, t Prussian states, 26 m. S. W. Bres-
lau. Pop. 1,300.
JYine Bridges, p-v. Queen Ann's co. Md.
Mne Fleet Harbour, bay on the W. coast of
Florida. Lon. 82" 50' W. Lat. 2T N.
JVine Islands, small islands in the Pacific. Lon.
154'' 30' E. Lat. 4° 40' S.
jyinety-six, district, S. C. which comprehends
the counties of Edgefield,- Abbeville, Laurens, and
Newbury.
NLneveli, in Sac. Geog. See JVunia.
Kineveh, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
JVingo, Danish fort on the Gold coast of Africa,
43 m. W. S. W. from the mouth of the Volta.
' JYiiigpo, a city of the first rank, and a great sea-
port of China, in the province of 'Tchekiang. Lon.
120" 14' E. Lat. 29" 54' N.
JVing-yuen, t. Eastern Tartary, near the fron-
tier of China, 250 m. E. Pekin.
JVijiove, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, on the
Dender, 16 m. S. VV. Brussels, 22 S. S. £. Ghent.
Pop. 3,400.
JVio, anciently los, small isl. of Eu. Turkey, in
the Archipelago, W. of Namphio. The principal
property of the inhabitants consists in their cattle.
According to tradition, Homer died in this island.
Lon. 5" 24' E. Lat. 36" 46' N. Pop. 4,000.
J^ions, t. France, in Drome, 21 m. S. E. Monte-
limart. Pop. 2,800.
Niorl, small isl. of Argyleshire, Scotland, in the
sound of Mull.
JViort, t. in the W. of France, cap. of Two-
Sevres, on the Sevre, 34 m. N. E. La Rochelle,
294 S. W. Paris. Lon. 0'' 23' W. Lat. 46° 19' N.
Pop. 15,000.
jYiort, t. France, in Mayenne, near Lassay.
Pop. 2,000.
J^iphon, an extensive island in the east of Asia,
forming by much the largest part of the empire of
Japan. See Japan.
Nipisiguit, V. New Brunswick, on the S. side
of Chaleur bay, above 12 leagues W. of Caraquit
island.
J^irgua, t. Caraccas, 48 leagues from the city of
Caraccas. Lon. 68° 45' W. Lat. 10° N. Pop.
3,200.
JVtmit/, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 79" 33' E. Lat.
19° 18' N.
JVisch. See JVissa.
jYischnei-Lomov, t. Eu. Russia, in Pensa, 34 ra.
W. N. W. Pensa. Pop. 3,700.
J^ischnei-JVovgorod, or J^Tishegorod, a govern-
ment of Eu. Russia, between 41" 45' and 46° 15'
E. lon. and 54° and 57° N. lat. It has an area of
20,400 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,000,000.
J^ischnci-JYovgorod, a thriving commercial t.
ilu. Russia, capitalof the government of the same
lame, situated at the confluence of the Oka and
[■^IVolga. Since 1816, the largest fair of Makariev
is been held at this city. It is frequented by
crowds of dealers from different parts of Russia,
Poland, Germany, Tartary, Bukharia, and even
Persia. The quantity of merchandise sold here is
immense, and it is justly regarded as one of the
greatest fairs in Europe. 250 m. E. N. E. of .Mos-
cow, and 540 E. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 44° 28' E.
Lat. 56° 19' N. Pop. 10,000.
J\''isema.'!se, small islands in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 128" 42' E. Lat. 8° 15' N.
66
J^ishapour, ancient city of Persia, once the
greatest and richest in the province of Korassan.
30 m. S. Mesched, 230 N. E. Herat. Pop. 15,000.
Nisi, t. Greece, in the Morea, on the Pirnazza,
near its mouth.
Nisibin, v. Persia, in the pachalic of Bagdad,
78 m. S. E. Diarbekir, 70 N. W, Mosul.
jYisida, small isl. of the Mediterranean, on the
W. coast of Italy, a few miles from Naples. It has
a small seaport called Porto Pavone, where ships,
going to Naples, perform quarantine.
Niskayuna, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. on the S.
side of the xMohawk, 12 m. N. W. Albany. Pop.
424.
Nistnes. See JVimes, in France.
JVissa, or JVisch, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, near
the Morawa river. 245 m. N. W, Constantinople,
150 E. N. E. Ragusa. Lon. 21" 36' E. Lat. 43°
31' N.
JVissan, v. France, in Herault, 4 m. S. W. Be-
ziers. Pop. 1,100.
Mssy, t. in the N. of Greece, at the mouth of the
Sulambria, or ancient Peneus.
JYistelroode, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
12 m. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,600.
JSTitk, r. Scotland, which rises in Ayrshire, and
running S. E. falls into, the Sol way frith.
Nittany Mountain, Pennsylvania, which ex-
tends from the Juniatta almost to the W. branch of
the Susquehannah.
JViltenau, t. Germany, 17 m. N. N. E. Ratisbon.
Pop. 900.
Mvelles, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 15
m. S. Brussels, 75 N. N. VV. Namur. Lon. 5° 15'
E. Lat. 50" 35' N. Pop. 6,600.
JVivernois, formerly a province in the interior
of France. The greater part of it is now compre-
hended in the department of the Nievre.
J^iviano, t. Italy, duchy of Parma, 8 m. S. Pia-
cenza.
Murunda, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf
of Bothnia, 6 m. S. Sundswall.
JSTiwnitz, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 3 m. S.
Ungarisch-Brod. Pop. 1,300.
kixdorf, or Great Nikolsdorf, t. Bohemia, 27 m.
E. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 4,000.
Nixon'' s, p-v. Marion co. Mississippi.
Nixanton, t. Pasquotank co. N. C. on Little
River, which runs into Albemarle sound 28 m. N.
E. Edenton.
Niza, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, near the Tagus,
15 m. N. N. W. Portalegre. Pop. 1,900.
Mzampatam, t. India, in Northern Circars.
Lon. 80° 35' E. Lat. 15" 56' N.
Mzsa della Paglia, t. Sardinian states, in Mont-
ferrat, 33 m. N. W. Genoa, 40 9. E. Turin. Pop.
5,000.
No, or No-Ammon, in Sac. Geog. See Thebes.
Noacote, valley, Hind, in Nepaul, about 28° N.
lat. Noacote, the capital, is in lon. 85° 30' E. lat.
27" 43' N.
Noale. See Novate.
Noanagur, district. Hind, in Gujerat, on the S.
side of the gulf of Cutch. Noanagur, the capital,
is in lon. 70" 15' E., lat. 22° 20' N.
Noanama, San Joseph de, settlement, New Gran-
ada, on the river St. Juan, 170 m. N. Popayan.
Lon. 76" 46' W. Lat. 5° 15' N.
Nob, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, not far from Je-
rusalem.
Noba, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast
of Aroo. Lon. 135° 13' E. Lat. 5° 5' S.
Nobleboroitgh, t. Lincoln co. Main?, 16 m. N. N.
522
N O I
N O O
E. Wiscasset, 174 N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,206. It
has a brisk trade ia lumber.
Koce, t. France, in Orne, 30 m. E. Alencon. Pop.
1,200.
JVocerOy t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 5
in. S. W. Ancona. Pop. 1,000. It is the see of a
bishop.
J^ocera della Pagani, t. Naples, in the Principato
Citra, on the river Samo, 20 m. E. S. E. Naples.
Pop. 6,800.
Mceta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 20 m. S. S.
W. Cosenza. Pop. 2,900.
JVochiztlan, t Mexico, in Oaxaca, 155 m. E. by
S. Mexico. Lon. 97" 36' W. Lat. 17° 14' N.
J^focor, r. Morocco, which falli into the Mediter-
ranean in lat. 35° 15' N.
JVoddle's Island, small isl. in Boston harbour.
Mass. 2 m. E. N. E. of the town, on the Chelsea
• hore. On this island is Fort Strong.
JVoesa Baron, isl. near the S. coast of Java, 25
miles in circumference. Lon. 113° 20' E. Lat 8°
20' S.
JVbesa Cambaz, or Pulo Cannibaz, isl. near the
S. coast of Java, about 45 miles in circumference.
Lon. 109° E. Lat. 7° 42' S.
Ji'oesa Comba, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
117" E. Lat. 5° 20' S.
Koesa Laoer, small isl. near the S. coast of Ce-
rara. Lon. 129° 10' E. Lat. 3° 34' S.
Noesa jYessing, small isl. near the N. coast of
Timor. Lon. 126° 30' E. Lat. 8° 9' S.
JVooja Pinnos, shoals in the Eastern seas. Lon.
128° 2' E. Lat. 5° 12' S.
J^oesa Seras, 4 small islands in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 116° 58' E. Lat. 5° 15' S.
Nogarcote, t. Hind, in Nepaul, 60 ra. from Ca-
Laraaudoo. Lon. 86° 5' E. Lat. 28° 2' N.
JSTogaro, t. France, in Gers, 21 m. S. Condom.
Pop. 1,350.
J^'ogat, r. Prussia, which branches off from the
Vif^tula, and joins the Frischc Haf, 6 m. N. Elbing,
forming the island of No|"at.
.Cogent VArtand, t. France, in Aisne, on the
Marne, 6 m. S. Chateau Thierry. Pop. 1 , 100.
J^ogent le Bernard, t. France, in Sarthe, 18 m.
N. N. E. Le Mans. Pop. 2,300.
Nogent le Roi, t. France, in Marne, 12 m. N.
Chartres. Pop. 2,000.
JVogent le Roirou, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir,
27 m. S. W. Chartres, 26 N. W. Chateaudun. Pop.
6,600.
J^ogent Roulebois, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir.
Pop. 1,300.
Nogent sur Marne, t France, on the Marne, 6
m. S. Paris. Pop. 1,200.
J^ogent sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the
Seine, which here becomes navigable. Pop. 3,200.
It was the scene of actions between the French
and allies, on 9th and 10th Februarj' 1814. 29 m.
N. W. Troyes.
Nogong, t, Bengal. Lon. 88° 53' E. Lat. 24° 48' N.
.\"oguerra Ribagorcana, and Pallaresa, 2 rivers,
Spain, which fall into the Segre. The Pallaresa
forms the boundarj' between Arragon and Catalo-
nia.
vVotff, t. Naples, 9 m. S. by E. Bari.
JVoir, Cape, cape on the S. coast of the island of
Milo. Lon. 24° 22' E. Lat. 36° 47' N.
^''oir, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 73° 33' W. Lat. 54° 30' S.
J^'oir, Cr-ne, cape, Lower Canada, on the N. side
of Chale f bay, 7 leagues W. N. W. Eonaven-
ture.
Mire Etable, t. France, 23 m. W. Montbrison.
Pop. 1,900.
J^oirmoutiers, isl. France, belonging to the de-
partment of La Vendee. Extent, 70 square miles.
Pop. 5,500. Lon. 2° 14' 17" W. Lat. 47^0' 5" N.
J^Toiss}/ le Sec, v. France, 4 m. E. Paris. Pop-
1,000.
JVoix, Isle au. See Isle aux J^oix.
J^aizay, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 6 m. N-
W. Amboise. Pop. 1,200.
Ao/ff, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 15 m. S. W.
Tursi, 40 E. S. E. Policastro. Pop. 4,000.
JVola, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro. Pop.
8,400. It is the see of a bishop. It is of conside-
rable antiquity, and is remarkable as the place
where Augustus died. It is also said to be the
place of the invention and first use of bells. 16 m.
E. by N. Naples.
Nolachucky, r. Tennessee, which runs into
French Broad river, 26 m. from Holston river.
Noland'S Ferry, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Nolay, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 10 m. S. W.
Beaume, 14 S. E. Arnay le Due. Pop. 2,000.
JVbtt, t. Sardinian states, on the sea coast, 30
m. S. W. Genoa. Pop. 800. It is the see (rf a
bishop.
Noli, Cape, cape, Italy, on the Genoese coast.
Lon. 8° 27' E. Lat. 44° 13' N.
J^olins Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
Green river.
Kollendorf, v. Bohemia, 22 m. S. by E. Dres-
den.
Mmaes, or Nomuo, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m.
S. E. St. Joao de Pesqueira.
No-Man' s-Land, small isl, Mass. a little to the
S. W. of Martha's Vineyard. It belongs to Duke's
county, Massachusetts. Lon. 71° 6' W. Lat. 41*
15' N.
Nombre de Dios, t. Mexico, in Darango, 170 m.
N. Guadalaxara. Lon. 103° 7' W. Lat. 24° N.
Pop. 6,800.
Nombre de Dios, i. Darien, at the bottom of a
bay to which it gives name. 30 m. E. Porto Bel-
lo. Lon. 79° 35' W. Lat. 9° 36° N.
JVomeny, t. France, in Meurthe, 14 m. N. Nan-
cy, Pop. 1,400.
Nona, t. Austrian states, in Dalmatia. It wae
formerly a city, called Onona or Ononum ; but is
now completely decayed. 7 m. N. E. Zara, 20 N.
VV. Scardona. Lon. 15" 35' E. Lat. 55° 28' N.
Nonancourt, t. France, in Eure, 12 m. S. Ver-
neuil. Pop. 1,400.
JVonantola, t. Italy, 8 m. N. W. Modena.
None, t. Piedmont^ 12 m. S. W. Turin. Pop.
2,100.
None S. Dalmazzo, t. Piedmont, 15 m. N. E-
Pignerolo. Pop. 2,100.
Nonesuch, r. Cumberland co. Maine, which
runs into the sea at Scarborough.
Nonesuch, harbour on the E. end of the island
of Antigua. Lon. 61" 23' W. Lat. 43° 30' N,
Nona, Cape, promontorv on the W. coast of the
island of Ivica. Lon. 1" 17' E. Lat. 39° 3' N.
Nonlron, t. France, in Dordogne, 21 m. N. Pe-
rigueux. Pop. 2,300.
Nonura, small isl. off the coast of Peru. Lat
5° 48' S.
Nooga, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea, in lat. 28° 30' S.
Noohseva, or Federal Island, one of the Ingra-
ham islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 140° 5' W. Lat.
8° 58' S.
-VooWroo^T!, district, Hind, in Bejapore. Nool-
NOR
tiroog, the capita], is in Ion. 76° 37' E. Lai. 17"
42- N.
IN'oon. See JS'un.
JVoontal, district, Hind, in Cashmeer, about 35°
N. lat.
Aoorabad, t. Hind, in Ajra. Lon. 78° 6' E.
Lat. 26° 2-7' N.
J^oordbrjek, v. Netherlands, 14 m. E. Gronin-
gen. Pop. 1,300.
JVoord-wolde, v. Netherlands, 4 m. N. Gronin-
gen. Pop. 1,000.
JVoordivyk, v. Netherlands, in North Holland, 6
m. N. by W. Leyden. Pop. 1,700.
JVoorgool, district, Hind, in Bejapore, between
^ 16° and"l7° N. lat. It belongs to the Mahrattas.
Noornagur, t. Bengal. Lon. 91° 5' E. Lat. 23°
45' N.
Noorpedy, t. Hind, in Orissa, 20 m. N. Jugger-
nauth.
J^oorpoor^ t. Bengal, on the N. side of the Gan-
ges, 26 m. S. Dacca.
Noorri, t. Hind, in Sinde, Lat 25° 8' N.
JVooika Sound, bay of the Pacific ocean, on the
N. W. coast of America, discovered by captain
Cook, in 1778. The entrance is in the E. cor-
ner of Hope bay, in lat. 49° 33' N. Ion. 233° 12'
E. between two rocky points, that lie E. S. E- and
W. N. W. from each other, distant between 3 and
4 miles. Within these points, the sound widens
considerably, and extends in, to the northward, 4
leagues. The harbors and anchoring places with-
in its circuit are numerous. The climate, ac-
cording to captain Cook, is milder than that on
the east coast of America, under the same paral-
lel of latitude. The chief employment of the na-
tives seems to be that of fishing, and killing land or
sea animals. In the year 1786, an association of
British merchants formed a small settlement here,
for the purpose of obtaining furs ; but the settle-
ment was seized by the Spaniards in 1789.
JVopeln. See Christianople.
J^oquefs Bay, bay, Michigan Territory, on the
N. W. coast of lake Michigan. It is 45 miles long,
and 18 wide. Lon. 86° 20' W. Lat 45" 25' N.
J^'ora, t. Sweden, in Westermanland, 28 m. N.
N. W. Upsal.
Narburg, or JVordburg, s-p. Denmark, in the
island of Alseu. It has a castle. Lon. 9° 45' 62"
E. Lat 55° 3' 53" N. Pop. 900.
Norcia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 70
m. N. N. E. Rome. Pop. 4,000.
Norden^ t. Hanover, in East Friesland, 2 m.
from the North sea, 15 N. Embden. Pop. 3,100.
JS'ordenburg, t. East Prussia, 55 m. S. S. E. Ko-
nigsberg. Pop. 1,800.
JVo)-derney, isl. Hanover, on the cxjast of East
Friesland, 7 miles in circumference. Lon. 7° 7'
41'' E. Lat. 53° 47' 26" N. Pop. 1,000.
Kordgau, a division of Germany, which in the
middle ages was extensive, but at present is con-
fined to the external part of the principality of
Neuburg, or the district between Bavaria proper
and the upper palatinate. See J^eubiirg.
A'ordhalben, t. Bavarian states, 39 m. N. N. E.
Bamberg, 17 W. N. W. Hof. Pop. 1,000.
Mordhauseru, t Prussian Saxony, in the govern-
ment of Erfurt, on the Zorge. It is fortified with
a wall, flanked with towex-s, and contains one
Catholic and seven Lutheran churches, an or-
phan house, three hospitals, and 9,000 inhabitants.
The chief occupation of the latter consists in the
distillation and Ffle of spirit". 37 m. E. Got-
tiogen.
NOR
622
JS'ordheim, t Bavarian-states, 7 m. N. Bischoffs-
heim. Pop. 800.
Kordheim, t. Hanover, at tlie confluence of th«
Ruhmeand tlie Leine, 12 m. N. by E. Gottingeti.
Pop. 3,100.
J^ordkoping, Norkoping, or J^ordkioping,\.. Swe-
den, in East Gothland, on the Motala, between
Nykoping and Linkoping. It is well situated for
trade. 76 m. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16° 11' E.
Lat 68° 35' N. Pop. 9,000.
JVordland. See Koniand.
J^ord-librc. See Conde.
JVordlingen, t. Bavaria, 36 m. N. N. W. Augs-
burg, 36 N. N. E. Ulm. Lon. 10° 28' E. Lat 48"
N. Pop. 5,800.
Xordmaling, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, on
the gulf of Bothnia, Lon. 19° 24' E. Lat. 63°
34' N.
JVordstrand, isl. Denmark, on the W. side of the
duchy of Sleswick. It was formerly of consider-
able size, but has suffered much by inundations,
particularly by the sudden and dreadful one of
1634, when above 1,300 houses, and 6,0(X) persons,
with 50,000 head of cattle, were swept away.
Lon. 8° 48' E. Lat. 54° 37' N. Pop. 2,500.
JYore, a noted part of the river Thames, Eng.
situated off Sheerness, at the point of a sand-bank
which runs eastward from the isle of Grain. On
this bank a floating light is now fixed. Lon. 0° 44'
E. Lat 51° 27' N.
J^ore, r. Ireland, which runs into the Barrow,
2 m. N. New Ross.
J\ore, Black, cape, Eng. at the mouth of the
Severn.
JVoremberg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 20 m. N. E.
Stargard. Pop. 900.
JVorfeo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia,
Lon. 3° 7' E. Lat. 42° 16' N.
J^orfolk, CO. Eng. on the E. coast, bounded N.
and N. E. by the German ocean, S. and S. E. by
Suffolk, and W. by Cambridgeshire, by part of
Lincoln, and by the Washes. It contains 2,013
sq. miles, or 1,288,000 acres, with about 150 in-
habitants to each mile. Pop, in 1811, 292,000.
Norfolk has been long famed for its agriculture,
which forms the chief business of the inhabitants.
The greater part of the lands, at least two-tliirds
of the whole county, are arable, and kept in a
state of tillage. The i-aising of grain for exporta-
tion forms by far the principal object with the
farmer.
JVotfolk, CO. London district, Up. Canada, on
Lake Erie.
JVorfolk, CO. Mass. bounded N. by Middlesex co.
E. by Boston harbour, S. by Plymouth and Bristol
CO. and W. bv Rhode Island and Worcester co.
Pop. 31,245. Chief town, Dedham.
J^'oifolk, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 35 m. N. W.
Hartford. Pop. 1,441. Here are manufactories
of iron.
J^orfolk, CO. in the S. E. part of Va. on Chesa-
peake bay, bounded N. by James river. Pop.
13,679. Slaves, 5,647. Chief towns, Norfolk and
Portsmouth.
JVorfolt, borough, and port of entry, Norfolk co.
V'irginia, on the E. side of Elizabeth river, just
below the confluence of its two branches, and 8
miles above its entrance into Hampton roads, 114
m. E. S. E. Richmond, 229 S. S. E. Washington
city. Lon. 76° 23' W. Lat 36' 55' N. Pop. 9, 193.
It contains a theatre, 3 banks, including a branch
of the U. S. bank, an academy, a marine hospital,
orphan asylum, Lancasteriaa school, atheaaeum,
524
NOR
and 6 houses of public wbrship, 2 for Baptists, and
1 each for Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Roman
Catholics, and Methodists. The situation is low,
and in some places marshy. The principal streets
are paved and well lighted ; but the houses are not
remarkable for elegance.
The harbour of Norfolk is safe and commodious,
and sufficiently spacious to contain 300 ships, and
deep enough for the largest vessels. It is defend-
ed by several forts ; one of which is on Craney
island, 5 miles below the town, near the mouth of
Elizabeth river. The commissioners who were
appointed by the U. S. to survey the lower part of
Chesapeake bay in 1818, reported that Hampton
roads could be so fortified as to prevent the en-
trance of any hostile fleet,
Norfolk has more foreign commerce than any
town in Virginia, and in 1815, owned more ship-
ping than any place in the U. States south of Bal-
timore, except Charleston. The amount of ship-
ping in 1815, was 34,705 tons. A canal proceeds
from the S. branch of Elizabeth river, 9 miles
above Norfolk, through Dismal Swamp, to Albe-
marle Sound, By means of this canal, the pro-
duceof a large section of North Carolina is brought
to the Norfolk market.
J^orfolk Bay, a deep bay on the E, coast of Van
Dieman's Land.
Norfolk Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about
15 miles in circumference, discovered by captain
Cook in 1774, who found it uninhabited. It has
been used as a place of banishment for refi-actory
convicts from Botany Bay. Lon. 168° 10' E. Lat.
29° 3' S.
j^'orfolk Sound, bay, on the W. coast of King
George the Third's archipelago, between Cape
Edgecombe on the N, and Point Woodhouse on
the S. Lon. 224" 50' E. Lat. 56° 46. N.
JVbr/w/m, t. Eng, in Norhamshire, Durham co,
C m. S, VV, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Pop, 781,
J^orhanushire, district, Eng. at the N. E. extrem-
ity of the kingdom, forming a detached part of the
county of Durham, and lying between Northum-
berland and the river Tweed.
Norland, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 2^ m. S. W. Hal-
ifax, Pop. 1,316,
Norman, Cape, on the W. coast of Newfound-
land, on the gulf of St, Lawrence, 20 leagues from
Cape Ferrol. Lon. 55" 58' W. Lat. 51° 39' N.
Normancross, hamlet, Eng. in the vicinity of
Stilton, Huntingdonshire. Here is a prison capa-
ble of containing 10,000; and near it, barracks
for 2,000 soldiers,
Normandy, formerly a province and ancient
duchy of France, bounded by the English channel
on the N, and W, and Picardy on the E. and con-
taining about 11,000 sq. miles. It is now divided
into the departments of Lower Seine, En re, Orne,
Calvados, and La Manche, which contain togeth-
er a population of 2,579,000.
Norman' 3 Kill, or Creek, r. Albany co. N. Y,
which falls into the Hudson, 2^ m. S. Albany,
Norndorf, t, Bavaria, 15 m. N, Augsburg. Pop.
800.
Noro, country, Central Africa, on the N. bank
of the Niger, forming part of the territory of
Houssa.
Norona, isl. off the coast of Brazil, 70 leagues
distant, Lat. 38° 31' S.
Noroy le Bours, t, France, in Upper-Saone, 9
m.E. Vesoul, Pop. 1,100.
Norrent, t, France, in Pas-de-Calais, 12 m. N.
■W.Betbune. Pop. 1,200,
NOR
NoiTidgewock, p-t and cap, Somerset co. Mame,
on both sides of Kennebeck river, 35 m, W, by
N. Hallowell, 94 N, N, E, Portland, It contains
a court-house and jail, and a church for Congre-
gationalists. Here is a bridge across the river.
Norridgewock is a flourishing place, and has moat
of the trade of the back country.
Norriestoti, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 10 m. W,
Stirling. Pop. 600.
Norriston, p-t, and cap, Montgomery co. Pa, on
the N. side of the Schuylkill. It contains a court-
house, a bank, and an academy. 17 m.N. W.
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,336. It was the residence
of Dr, Rittenhouse, the pliilosopher and philan-
thropist. <.
Norrkoping. See Nordkoping.
Norrland, or Nordland, a maritime province of
Norway, lying between Drontheim on the S. and
Finmark, or Norwegian Lapland, on the N. It
extends from 66° to 70° N. lat. containing 46,000
sq. miles,
Norrland, or Nordland, the most northern of the
three great divisions of Sweden, comprising the
seven provinces of Gestricia, Helsingland, Herje-
dalen, Medelpad, Jamptland, Angermannland, and
West Bothnia. It extends from 60° to 65° N. lat.
and contains 90,000 sq. miles, but not more than
170,0f,>0 inhabitants,
Norrland, West. See Hernosand.
Norrtelge, s-p, Sweden, on the Baltic, in Up-
land. Lon. 18° 30' E, Lat. 59" 45' 45" N. Pop.
about 1,000, employed chiefly in fishing and the
coasting trade.
Nort, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 15 m, N.
Nantes. Pop. 3,200.
Norie, Rio Bravo del, r. Mexico, which rises in
the Rocky mountains, near the source of the Ar-
kansaw, in about lat, 41° N. and lon. 111° W. It
runs S. S. E. and falls into the gulf of Mexico, in
lon. 96° 40' W. lat. 26° N. after a course of 2,000
miles. It cannot in any part be termed a naviga-
ble stream, owing to the sand bai's in the flat coun-
try, and the mountains in the upper part, by which
its course is interrupted.
Norte, cape. South America, at the entrance
into the river Amazons. Lon, 49° 48' W. Lat. 1°
49' 30" N.
North, a department in the N. E. of France,
forming more than half the line of French fron-
tier towards the Netherlands. Extent, 2,320 sq.
miles. Pop. 839,833, The face of the country is
level, and the soil highly productive in all kinds of
corn, as well as in flax, tobacco, and hops. Ag-
riculture is conducted here on a more improved
plan than in any other parts of France. The
manufacturing establishments are very extensive.
North, t. Harrison oo. Ohio, 8 m. N, Cadiz.
North Adams, p-v. Berkshire co. Mass.
Northal, or Northait, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire,
4i m. N. E. Chipping Barnet. Pop. 465.
Northallerton, borough t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on
the great road from London to Edinburgh, 30 m.
N.W.York. Lon.l°27'W, Lat, 54° 20' N. Pop..
2,234.
Northam, v. Eng. 2 m. from Southampton.
North Armenia, p-v. Dutchess co. N, Y.
Northampton, co. Eng. bounded N. by Leicester,
Rutland, and Lincoln ; E. and S. by Cambridge,
Huntingdon, Bedford, Buckingham, and part of
Oxford ; and W. by Oxford and Warwick. It con-
tains 965 sq. miles, or about 618,000 acres, and
141,353 inhabitants. It is a fine and pleasant
NOR
NOR
525
county, and noted for the number of mansioua and
country seats which it contains,
JS'orfhamplon, t. Eng. and cap. of Northampton
CO. on the N. bank of the Nen. The principal
msuiufactures are those of boots and shoes, princi-
pally for exportation ; and of lace. It is a great
thoroughfare, both on the N. and W. Roads. The
horse market here was formerly esteemed the
greatest in the kingdom. It sends two members
to parliament. 66 m. N. W. London. Lon. 0" 44'
W. Lat. 52° 14' N. Pop. in 1811, 8,427.
Northampton, t. York co. New Brunswick, on
the W. side of St. John's river.
Northampton, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the
coast, 7 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 651.
JVortlmmpton, p-t. and cap. flampshire co. Mass.
very pleasantly situated on the W; bank of Con-
necticut river, in the midst of a beautiful country,
18 m. N. Springfield, 42 N. Hartford, 97 W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 2,631. 'The village contains a hand-
.«ome court-house, a jail, an elegant and spacious
Congregational meeting-house, a bank, insurance
office, a printing office, from which is issued a
weekly newspaper. Here are two tanneries, 2
woollen manufactories, and several other manu-
facturing establishments. The meadows on Con-
necticut river at this place are very extensive and
fertile. The surrounding scenery is romantic
and beautiful ; and from Mount Holyoke, in the
immediate vicinity, there is one of the most ex-
tensive prospects in New England.
Northampton., p-t. Montgomery co. N. T. 17 m.
N. E. Johnstown, 60 N.W. Albany. Pop. 1,474.
Northampton, t. Burlington co. N. J. 7 m. S. E.
Burlington. Pop. 4,171, In this town is Mount
Holly.
Northampton, co. Pa. on Delaware river. It is
watered by the Lehigh. Pop. 38,145. Chief
town, Easton.
Northampton, p-t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 710.
Northampton, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,176.
Northampton, co. on the eastern shore of Va. at
the entrance into Chesapeake bay. Pop. 1,4!!^.
Slaves, 3,350. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Northampton, co. in the N. part of N. C. Pop.
13,087, including 7,253 slaves. At the court-house
is a post-office.
Northampton, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. W,
Ravenna.
Northap, t. Wales, in Flintshire, 3 m. S. Flint,
201 N. W. London. Lon. ti" 7 W. Lat. 53° 12' N.
Pop. 2,542.
North Bend, p-v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the riv-
er Ohio, 15 m. below Cincinnati, 6 above the
boundary of the state.
North Benton, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
North Beveland. See Bevcland.
Northborough, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 11m.
E. Worcester, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 794.
Northbridge, p-t. Worcester co. 12 m, S. E,
Worcester, 45 S. W. Boston. Pop. 713.
North Brookfteld, t. Worcester co. Mass. for-
merly the second parish of Brookfield,
North, Cape, cape on the N. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 8° 55' W. Lat. 5^" 15' N.
North, Cape, the N. point of the island of Mage-
roe, on the coast of Norway. Lon, 25" 0' 45" E.
Lat. 71"! 1' 30" N.
North, Cape, the N. cape on the coast of Bra-
ail. Lon. 56^6' W, Lat. 1° 48' N,
N»rth, Cape, the N. part of the island of St.
John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 63° 55'
W. Lat, 47° N.
North, Cape, the N. E. point of the island of
Cape Breton. Lon. 60° 12' W. Lat. 47° 2' N.
North, Cape, the N. extremity of New Zealand.
Lon. 186" 55' W. Lat. 34° 22' S.
North Castle, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 33 m.
N. E. New York. Pop. 1,366.
North Coasts, department of. See Coies du
Nord.
North-east, p-t. Duchess co. N. Y. 24 m. N. E.
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 3,441. It contains 5 houses
for public worship.
North-east, p-v. Erie co. Fa.
North-east, r. Cecil co. Md. which flows into the
Chesapeake, 5 m. S. E. Charlestown.
Northend, p-v. Matthews co. Va.
North Ferry, or North Q^ueensferrij, v. Scotland,
in Fifeshire, on the N. shore of the frith of Forth,
opposite the royal burgh of Queensferry, 6 m. S,
Dunfermline, Pop. 300.
Northfield, t. Washington co. Vt. Pop. 426.
Norlf{field, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the Mer-
rimack, 14 m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,057.
Nortt\field, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. on both sides
of Connecticut river, 8 m. N. Greenfield. Pop.
in 1819, 1,350. On the E. bank of the river is a
handsome village.
Northfitld, p-t. Richmond co. N. Y. on the N.W.
part of Staten Island, 5 m. W. Southfield, Pop.
1,595, It has 3 churches,
Northfield, t, Essex co. (N. J.) N. W. Newark.
Northford, p-t. New Haven co. Ct. 10 m. N. E.
New Haven.
North Foreland. See Foreland.
North Gasconade, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
North Haven, t. New Haven co. Ct. 7 m. N.
New Haven.
North Hempstead, p-t. and cap. Queen's co. N.
Y. on Long Island sound, 20 m. E. New York.
Pop. 2,750. In this toAvn is Harborhill, the highest
land on Long Island. It is 405 feet above the level
of the sea.
North Hero, p-t. and cap. Grand isle co. Vt. on
Grand isle in Lake Champlain, 26 m. N. Burling-
ton. Pop. 552.
North Killingworth, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct.
North Island, small isl. in the Pacific, in Dixon's
entrance. Lon. 133° 10' W. Lat. 54° 20' N.
North Island, isl. at the mouth of the Great Fe-
dee river, S. C. Lon. 79° 3' W. Lat. 33° 20' N.
North Island, small isl. near the E. entrance of
the straits of Sunda. Lat. 5° 37' S.
North Island, small isl. near the VV. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 109° 5' E, Lat, 1° 22' S.
North Island, small isl. near the S, coast of Ce-
lebes, Lon, 120" 48' E, Lat.5°38'S.
North Island, small isl. near the S. W. coast
of the island of Bouton. Lon. 122° 50' E. Lat. 5°
33' S.
North Island, isl. off the N. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 137° 2' E. Lat. 16° 30i' S.
North Key, small isl. in the bliy of Honduras.
Lon. 87° 57' W. Lat. 17° 24' N.
North Kingston, t. Washington co. R. I. on Nar-
raganset bay, 20 m. S. W. Providence, 12 N. W.
Newport. Pop. 2,957. It has a number of ves-
sels employed in the fisheric, and in the coasting
trade. In this town is the village of Wickford.
North Leach, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 25 m. E.
Glouce.==ter, 82 W. London. Lon. 1° 49' W. Lat.
51° 50' N. Pop. 647.
^m9
NOR
North Mountain^ a ridge of the Alleghany moun-
tains in the U. S. which extp.nds through Franklin
and Cumberland counties, Penns)dvania.
JVorth Mountain Creek, r. Missouri Territory,
which runs into the Missouri, 239 m. below the
Falls. It is 30 yards wide.
JVorfh Norwich, p-v. Chenango co. N. Y. on the
W. side of the Patucket.
Northorn, t. Hanover, 8 m. N. Bentheim. Pop.
900.
North Point Islet, small isl. off the N. coast of
JJew Holland. Lon. 136° 45' E. Lat. 13" 37' S.
Northport, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on Penob-
scot bay, 14 m. N. W. Castine. Pop. 780.
North Portland, t. Somerset co. Maine, 22 m. N.
W. Norridgewock.
North Providence, L Providence co. R. I. 4 m.
N. of Providence. Pop. 1,738. Including Patuck-
et, it contains 3 churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for
Episcopalians, 2 academies, and a bank. North
Providence is distinguished for its manufacture*.
See Pawtucket.
North Reef, reef on the const of Hiepaniola. Lon.
69° 12' W. Lat. 33° x\.
Northrington, t. Hartford co. Ct.
North River, r. Lower Canada, which discharg-
es itself into the Ottawa, 4 m. below the great
falls.
North River, r. Mass. whic;h runs into Massa-
chusetts bay between Scituate and Marshfield.
It is navigable 18 miles to Pembroke for vessels of
300 tons, and for boats to the falls, within 3 miles
of the source of Taunton river.
North Rivey; Va. See Calf pasture.
North Salem, t. West Chester co. N. Y. 8 m. N.
Bedford, 53 fr. New York. Pop. 1,204. It con-
tains an academy and 3 or 4 churches.
North Sea. See German Ocean.
North Scipio, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
North Sound Point, cape of the island of Anti-
gua. Lon. 61° 27' W. Lat. 17° 16' N.
North Stonington, p-t. New-London co. Ct. 50
m. S. E. Plartford. Pop. 2,524. It contains 4
churches.
North Vineyard, t. Somerset co. Maine, 15 m.
W. Norridgewock.
Northumberland, an extensive county, Eng. on
the borders of Scotland, bounded by the German
ocean on the E. by Scotland on the N. and N. W ;
by Cumberland on the W. and Durham on the S.
It contains about 1,850 s(]uare miles, or 1,184,000
acres. Pop. 172,161. Along the sea coast the
face of the country is nearly level. The western
part is an open mountainous district. North-
umberland is distinguished for its agriculture;
but its mineral riches have chiefly raised it to its
present rank and importance. Here is situated
the greatest coal district in the world, which has
continued for centuries to supply the vast con-
sumption of the metropolis, of the whole eastern
and southern coasts of the island, and of a great
part of the continent. It yields also lead in such
abundance as almost to equal the supply from
all the rest of Europe. The lead district is partly
in Northumberland, partly in Durham, and partly
in Cumberland. Between 1803 and 1810, the
greatest quantity of lead shipped in any one year
at the port of Newcastle, was 10,352 tons, the
least 3,911, the average being about 7,000.
Northumberland, co. Lower Canada, on the N.
side of the St. Lawrence, extending from Hamp-
shire CO. eastv;ard to Labrador.
NOR
Northumberland, t. Coos co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river, 90 m. N. Concord.
Northumberland, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 1 1 m. N. E. Ballston-Spa, 44 N. Albany.
Pop. 2,041.
Northumberland, co. Pa. bounded N. by Lyco-
ming CO. E. by Luzerne co. S. by Berks, Dau-
phine, and Mifflin counties, and W. by Centre co.
It is watered by both branches of the Susquehan-
nah. Pop. 36,327. Chief town, Sunbury,
Northumberland, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Pop. 627.
Northumberland, co. Va. on the S. side of the
Potomac, at its entrance into Chesapeak bay.
Pop. 8,308. Slaves, 3,847. At the court-house is
a post-office.
Northumberland, Cape, rocky projection on the
S. coast of New Holland. Lon. 140° 37i' E. Lat.
38" 2' S.
Northumberland Islands, islands near the N. E.
coast of New Holland. Lon. 149° 47' to 150° 37'
E. Lat. 21° 32' to 22° S.
Northumberland Straits, channel of the Eastera
seas, between the islands of Calamir.nes and the
shoals of Apo.
North West river bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va.
N'oi-th West Territory, a territory of the U. S.
bounded N. by the boundary line between tlie U.
States and the British possessions ; E. by Michigan
Territory ; S. by the State of Illinois, and W. by
the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 42° 30' to
49° N. and contains about 14<},000 square miles.
This immense tract of country ba^ but two settle-
ments ; one at the head of Green Bay, where fort
Howard stands; the other at the junction of the
Ouisconsin with the Mississippi, called Prairie du
Chien, where fort Crawford stands. Both these
places have military garrisons. The rest of the
country is possessed exclusively by the Indians,
This Territory has been very imperfectly ex-
plored; but the alluvial bottoms on its rivers,
wherever they have been examined, ai'e said to be
as rich as those of Ohio and Michigan. The most
remarkable vegetable production is the wild rice,
a productive and highly valuable aquatic plant,
with which the lakes, rivers, and bays of this Ter-
ritory generally abound. It grows in water of from
4 to 7 feet deep. When it is ripe the Indians pass
through it in their canoes, lined with blankets,
and bending the stalks over the sides, beat off the
grain with sticks ; and such is the abundance of
the harvest, that an expert Indian will soon fill a
canoe.
But the most valuable productions of this Ter-
ritory are its mineral treasures. Near Prairie du
Chien, are Dubuque's lead mines, considered the
richest yet found in the U. Slates. They occupy
a district 27 leagues long, and from 1 to 3 broad.
They are still in the possession of the Indians, by
whom they are worked in a very imperfect man-
ner. They were formerly wrought by M. Du-
buque, under the authority of a Spanish grant,
and yielded from 20 to 40,000 pound^ of lead per
annum. The crude ore yields 75 per cent, of me-
tallic lead. On the south shore of lake Superior,
large masses of pure copper have been found, es-
pecially on the banks of the Ontanagon river. The
Indians used to manufacture it into spoons and
bracelets. In the perfect state in whf'h they
found it, they had nothing to do but to beat it into
shape. The existence of these copper mines has
hereto&,re been doubted, but the accounts of the
NOR
NOR
527
first travellers have recently been confirmed by
numerous unexceptionable witnesses, and compa-
nies will doubtless soou be formed to work them
on a large scale. For account of Indians, see Ap-
pendix.
Korlhwood, t. Rockingham co. N. II. 20 m. E.
Concord, 27 W. x\. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,095.
North Yarmouth, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine,
on Casco bay, 12 m. N. Portland. Pop. 3,295.
Norton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. N. by W.
Doncaster. Pop. 558.
Norton, t. En;;, in Herefordshire, 3 m. N. E.
Brom Yard. Pop. 533.
Nort07i, t. Essex co. Vt. 75 m. N. E. iMontpelier,
Norton, p-t. Bristol co. Mnss. 8 m. N. N. W.
Taunton, 36 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,598. Here is
a large nail factory.
Norton, p-t. Delaware co, Ohio, 34 m. N. Co-
lumbus.
Norton Sound, a large bay on the N, W. coast
of America, discovered by Capt. Cook in 1778,
which extends to the N. as far as lat. 64" 55'.
Norunga, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° 10' E.
Lat. 24" 45' N.
Norwalk, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island
sound, 45 m. N. E. New York, 31 S. W. New Ha-
ven. Pop. 2,983. It contains a printing office, an
academy, and 3 churches, 1 for Congregational-
ists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. It
owns some shipping, employed in the coasting
trade, h. newspaper is published here.
Norwalk, t. and cap. Huron co. Ohio, 10 m. S.
Lake Erie, 115 N. Columbus.
Norwalk Islands, small islands in Long Island
sound, near the coast of Connecticut. Lon. 72" 22'
W. Lat. 41" 4' N.
Norway, an extensive kingdom of the north of
Europe, united in 1815 to Sweden. It extends
from the Naze, in N. lat. 57" 58' to the North Cape,
in lat. 71" 11' 30" N. It is bounded E. by Sweden
and Swedish Lapland ; W. by the German and
Northern oceans; and S. by the narrow sea,
forming the entrance to the Sound and Baltic. It
is divided into four governments or dioceses, viz.
Aggerhuus, Christiansand, Bergen, and Dron-
theim. The last is succeeded by Norrland, also
a long narrow province ; and the whole is termi-
nated by Finmark or Norwegian Lapland, a
dreary and inhospitable region, forming the north-
ern extremity of Europe. The extent and popu-
lation of these provinces are as follows ;
Extent in
English sq.
miles.
37,327
14,877
14,356
22,858
71,582
Divisions.
Aggerhuus
Christiansand
Bergen
Drontheim
Norrland and
I'inmark
Population.
390,000
140,000
150,000
170,000
80,000
Pop.
onasq.
mile.
10
10
10
Total 161,000 930,000
The surface of Norway is very uneven, pre-
senting a succession of mountains and vallies ; the
former in general barren and uninhabited. Flax
and hemp are raised in many parts of the coun-
try ; in othei-s barley and oats. Still it is compu-
ted that not more than one-hundredth part of the
kingdom is under tillage; and about 200,000 quar-
ters of grain are annually imported. The main
article of the export trade of Norway for many
ages has been its timber. Its mountains are cov-
ered with forests of pine, ash, but in particular of
fir, which grows over almost all the country. Min-
erals form another part of the wealth of this rugged
region. The annual produce of the forges of Norway
has been computed at about 8,000 tons of iron. The
copper is of very superior quality ; and the chief
mines of it are at Roras. The shipping belonging
to Norway amounts to nearlyl00,000 tons; thenum-
ber of seamen isl 0,000. The fisheries are extensive,
and may be considered, after timber and iron, the
chief support of the export trade. The revenus
of Norway is about 400,000^. sterling, and the ex-
penditure about the same. The army contains
10 or 12,000 men, and the navy is very small.
Norway formerly belonged to Denmark, but in
1812, the threatening expedition of Bonaparte
against Russia induced that power and Great
Britain to exert themselves lo secure the neutral-
ity or alliance of Sweden. They accordingly stip-
ulated for Sweden the conquest and possession of
Norway, and in conformity with this agreement,
the Danish court was compelled to sign on the 14th
January 1814, the treaty of Kiel, stipulating the
sacrifice of Norway for the very inadequate return
ol Swedish Pomerania and the island of Rugon.
The Norwegians, indigitaut at this transfer, took
up arms; but after a siiictedresisttmce, an assem-
bly convened at Christiana, agreed that Norway
should be permanently governed by the same king-
as Sweden, but as an integral state, and with the
preservation of its couititution and laws. It was
declared a free, independent, and inalienable
kingdom, the succession to be in the male line, and
the reigning prince a Lutheran.
Norway, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 8 m. S. W. Pa-
ris. Pop, 1,010.
Norway, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. Her-
kimer, 90 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,466.
Norway plains. See Rochester.
Norwegan, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 415.
Norwich, city, Eng. in Norfolk co. the principal
town in the county, the chief city in the eastern
part of the kingdom, and a place long noted for
its trade and extensive manufactures. It stands
on the Wensora, which is navigable up to the
town. The chief public buildings are the
castle and the cathedral ; but there are, besides,
no fewer than 36 churches, various dissenting
chapels, and numerous institutions for chari-
table and benevolent purposes. The principal
manufactures are bombazines, worsted damasks,
flowered satins, and fine camblets. To these have
been recently added cottons, shawls, and other
fancy goods, both lor furniture and dress. The
manufacture of cotton thread lace has also been
introduced ; and the trade in linen is in a flourish-
ing state. The imports and exports of Norwich
are chiefly managed through the medium of its
port, Yarmouth. 22 m. W. Yarmouth, 108 N. E.
London. Lon. 1° 17' E. Lat. 52" 38' N. Pop. in
1811,37,256.
Norwich, t. Oxford co. Upper Canada, on the
riv^r Thames.
Norwich, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, ojjposite Hanover, 21 m. N. Windsor. Pop.
1,812. Here is a military academy.
Norwich, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 12 ra. W.
Northampton. Pop. 968.
Norwich, city, New-London co. Ct. on tiie
Thames, at the head of navigation, 13m. N. New
London, 38 S. E. Hartford, 45 W. S. W. Provi-
dence. Lat. 41° 34' N. Lon. 72" 5' W. Pop. in 1810,
3,528. The Thames is formed by Shetucket and
Yantic rivers, which unite in this town at a place
called Chelsea landing, and form a safe and com-
528 NOT
modious harbour. The Yantic about a mile i'roiu
its mouth, has a cataract, remarkable for its ro-
mantic scenery, and affording fine sites for mills
and manufacturing establishments. There are
within the town a court-house, jail, bank, 2 insur-
ance companies, and 6 houses tor public worship,
2 for Congregationalists, 2 for Methodists, 1 for
Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. Among the
manufacturing establishments are 1 woollen facto-
ry, 1 cotton factory, 2 manufactories of morocco
leather, 2 paper mills, 5 tanneries, 1 carding-ma-
chine, 6 grain mills, and 6 saw mills.
Norwich city is divided into three distinct and
compact settlements, called Chelsea landing, the
Town, and Bean hill. Chelsea landing is very
romantically situated at the point of land formed
by the union of Shetucket and Yantic rivers, and
is the seat of most of the commercial business of
the place. The Town is about 2 miles N. W. of
Chelsea, and contains the court-house and some
other public buildings. Bean hill is a pleasant
settlement in the western partof Norwich. A line
of steam -boats opens a communication between
Norwich and New- York three times a week.
JVorwich, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. on the river
Chenango, 8 m. N. Oxford, 100 W. Albany. The
village is flourishing and pleasant, and contains a
court-house and jail. Pop. 2,550.
JVonvich, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on Scioto river,
7 m. above Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 350.
J^osenstadt. See Bistritz.
Noss, small isl. Scotland, S. E. of the island of
Bressay. It is one of the most fertile of the Shet-
land isles. Lon. 1° 5' W. Lat. 60° 12' N.
Nosstj small isl. in a great bay on the N. W.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 50" 13' E. Lat. 13"
12' S.
Kossen, t, Saxony, on the Moldsi, 19 m. W.
Dresden. Pop. 1,000.
Koss Head, cape on the coast of Scotland, 4 m.
N. Wick. Lon. 2" 55' W. Lat 58° 26' N.
JVotch, The. See White Mountains.
JS''olto, Vnl di, one of the three provinces into
which Sicily is divided, forming the S. E. portion
of the island. Pop. nearly 460,000.
Js'oio, t. in the S. E. of Sicily, in the Val di Noto,
15 m. S. W. Syracuse, 40 S. Catania. Pop.
16,000.
J^olre Dame Bay, bay on the E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 55° 40' W. Lat. 49° 55' N.
Notre Dame d' Aboridance, v. Sardinian States,
in Savoy, 30 m. E. Geneva.
Notre Dame de Leisse, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m.
E.byN. Laon. Pop. 1,100.
Notre Dame de St. Pey, t. France, in Gironde,
on the Dordogne. Pop. 1,300.
Notre Dame des Angcs, seigniory, Quebec co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence,
at the confluence of St. Charles river, opposite
Quebec.
Notre Dame de Torce, t. France, in Mayenne,
22 m. S. E. aiayenne. Pop. 1,300.
Notre Dame du Port, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga-
ronne, 10 m. W. Agen. Pop. 1,100.
Notre Dame du Thil, t. France, a few miles N.
W . Beauvais. Pop. 1,200.
Nottaway, co. in the S. part of Va. bounded N.
by Amelia co. Pop. 9,279. Slaves, 6,368.
Nottaway, r. which rises in Virginia, receives
Blackwater river, and unites with the Meherrin,
in N. C. to form the Chowan.
Notte, r. Prussia, in Brandenburg, which falls
into the Spree, near Koppenich.
N O V
Notteln, I. Prussian states, 10 m. W. Munsler.
Pop. 3,000.
Nottingham, co. Eng. bounded N. by Yorkshire,
E. by Lincolnshire, S. by Leicestershire, and W.
by Derbyshire. It contains 774 sq. miles, or
495,000 acres. Pop. in 1811, 162,900; families,
33,324, of whom 12,293 were employed in agri-
culture, 18,923 in trade and manufactures, and
2,298 otiierwise. It is one of the most fertile,
healthful, and agreeable counties in all England ;
and is noted for the number of mansions and
country seats of the nobility which it contains. —
Nottinghamshire is also noted for its manufac-
tures, of which that of stockings is the staple.
Nottingham, t. Eng. and cap. of Nottingham co.
on the Trent. It is one of the most beautiful
towns in England, from its picturesque situation,
and the striking appearance of its buildings. The
trade and manufactures of Nottingham are very
extensive, owing to its situation near the centre
of the kingdom, in the line of the great Trent and
Mersey navigation, which affords it an easy access
both to the eastern and western seas, and having
its communications equally open towards the
south, with the Severn on the one hand, and the
Thames on the other. Tlie staple manufacture is
that of stockings, chiefly the finer kinds, as those
of silk and cotton. These are all wrought on the
stocking frame. For the last 20 years also, a great
number of hands have been employed in the man-
ufacture of lace for veils, shawls, &c. which has
greatly added to the wealth and business of the
town. It sends two members to parliament. Pop.
in 1779, 17,700; in 1811,34,363. ]25m.N.byW.
London. Lon. 1° 10' W. Lat. 52° 59' N.
Nottingham, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12 m.
E. Exeter, 23 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,063.
Nottingham, West, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on
the E. side of the Merrimack, 40 m. S. Concord.
45 N.Boston. Pop. 1,379.
Nottingham, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 2,615.
Nottingham, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,037.
Nottingham, East, t Chester co. Pa. Fop.
1,409.
Nottingham, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 642.
Nottingham, p-t. and port of entry, Prince
George co. Md. on the Patuxent, 28 m. S. E.
Washington. Shipping in 1816, 1,473 tons.
Nottingham, East, t. Cecil co. Md. 10 m. from
Charlestown.
Nottingham, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 7 m. W, Ca-
diz.
Nova, small isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lon.
50" 30' W. Lat. 0° 4' S.
Novaia, t. Russia, on the Irtysch, 100 m. E. S. E.
Tobolsk.
Nova Iberia. See New Iberia.
Novalaise, i. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 10 m.
N. E. Pont-de-Beauvoisin. Pop. 1,500.
Novak, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. S. by W. Tre-
viso. Pop. 2,500.
Novara, a province of the N. W. of Italy, in tlie
Sardinian Milanese. Extent, 1,400 sq. miles. Pop.
226,000.
Novara, t. Italy, in the Sardinian Milanese, cap.
of the province of the same name, is surrounded
with a rampart and a broad ditch, and defended
also by a castle. It has manufactures of silk, liaen,
and leather ; and is the see of a bishop. 26 m. W.
Milan. Lon. 8" 37' E. Lat. 45" 26' N. Pop.
13,000.
Nova Scotia, a province of British America,
between lat, 43° 30' and 46" 30' N. It i3 a narrow
NOV
N O X
;29
peninsula, more than 300 miles long, stretching
from S. W. to N. E. It is bounded on the N. by
thejjulf of St. Lawrence; W. by the bay of Fun-
dy ; N. W. by the province of New Brunswick ;
and on all other sides by the Atlantic ocean. The
N. E. shores present a gloomy and barren aspect ;
but the counties to the S. W. of Halifax, and
along the bay of Fundy, have a rich soil, and
produce good crops of grain. — The population is
estimated at more than 100,000. The great body
of the people are> of English origin ; principally
emigrants from New England. After these, the
Scotch and Irish settlers are most numerous. The
Mickmack Indians were the aborigines of the
province, and still inhabit the shore E. of Hali-
fax. They are diminishing in numbers. — The
established religion is that of the Church of Eng-
land. There is one bishop, whose diocese in-
cludes Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the isl-
ands of Cape Breton and Prince Edward. — There
is a college at Windsor, which has a valuable li-
brary, and several scholarships. Schools are es-
tablished in all the villages. — The commerce and
wealth of Nova Scotia have increased, of late,
with great rapidity. Fish and lumber are the
staple commodities, and are exported in great
quantities to Great Britain, and the West Indiee.
JVova Zemblat a very large island in the Arctic
ocean, belonging to the Russian government of
Archangel, from which it is separated by the straits
of Waigatz. It extends from 69" to 76° N. lat. and
is about 500 miles long, and 240 broad. The east
coast has not yet been explored, being seldom ac-
cessible, on account of the ice by which it is sur-
rounded. Indeed, no part of this dreary and
inhospitable region has any permanent inhabit-
ants ; but the south and west coasts are visited by
fishermen and hunters, sent out by the merchants
of Archangel and Mczen. The island of Nova
Zembla is divided into two parts, nearly equal, by
a narrow and winding strait, which traverses it
from east to west.
Kovdar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 21 m. S. E.
Mourao.
JVore, v. Austrian Italy, 13 m. N. N. E. Vicenza.
NoveUara, t. Italy, in the duchy of Modena, on
a small river which falls into the Po, 8 m. S. S. E.
Guastalla, 16 N. N. W. Modena. Pop. 4,000.
JVovcs, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 6 m.
S. E. Avignon, Pop 1,400,
J^orgorod, or J^ovogorod, a large government in
in the N. W, of European Russia, between 20° 50'
and 38" 50' E. Ion, and 57° 30' and 60° 30' N, lat,
having an area of 55,000 sq, miles. Pop. 780,000.
Novgorod, or Novgorod Veliki, t. Eu. Russia,
cap, of the above government, is in a beautiful
plain at the N. extremity of the lake Ilmen. It
contains the Kremlin or citadel, in which is the
ancient palace of the czars, now in a state of di-
l^apidation, and the cathedral of St. Sophia. Nov-
gorod-Veliki is one of the most ancint cities of the
empire, having been founded in the 5th century.
In the 9th century Ruric, the reigning sovereign,
made it the seat of his government. At present
Novgorod consists of small scattered groupes of
miserable houses. These ruins, and the extraor-
dinary number of its churches, attest its former
magnitude. It is still the see of an archbishop.
112 m. S, S, E. St. Petersburg. Lon, 31" 19' E.
Lat, 58° 31' N.
Novgorod. See Nischnei-Novgorod.
vgarod-Seererskoi, t. F.u. Russia, at the conflu-
I.
67
ence of the Dnieper and the Desna. 86 m. E. N.
E, Czernigov. Pop. 3,000.
Novi, t. in the N, W, of Italy, in the Sardinian
States, 23 m. N. by E. Genoa, in a fertile plain, at
the foot of the Appennines, Pop, 5,400. On the
16th of August 1799, one of the most sanguinary
battles in the 18th century took place here, be-
tween the French under Joubert, assisted by Mo-
reau, and the Austro Russian forces, under SuwEir-
row, in which the former were worsted.
Novi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 45 m. S. E.
Carlstadt,
Novi, t, Italy, in the dochy of Modena, 20 m. N.
by E, Modena,
Novi, t, Austrian States, on the Adriatic, 25 m.
S,E. Fiumc, Pop. 1,400.
Novi-Bazar, or Novi-Pasar, t, Eu, Turkey, in
Servia, near the Oresco, 70 m, W, by N. Nissa, 85
S, Belgrade. Pop, 8,000.
Novigrad, t, Austrian States, in Dalmatja, 16
m, N. Scardona, Lon, 17° 32' E. Lat. 44° 28' N.
Pop. 800.
Novion Porcien, t. France, in Ardennes, 6 ra. N.
Rethel. Pop. 1,100.
Novilia, San Geronimo de, city, New Grenada,
160 m. N. Popayan, 140 S. S. W. Santa Fe de An-
tioquia. Lon. 76° 16' W. Lat. 5° 4' N.
NovogUidka, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the left
bank of the Terek.
Novogrodek, t. Ruseian Lithuania, in Grodno,
244 m. E. S. E. Konigsberg, 233 E, N. E. War-
saw.
Novoi Oskol, t. Eu, Russia, 90 m. S. E. Kursk.
Pop. 2,900,
Novomirgorod, t, Eu. Russia, 160 m. N. N. W,
Cherson, Pop, 2,400.
Novomoskovsk, t, Eu, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
near the Dnieper, 16 m, N. Ekaterinoslav, Lon.
35° 12' E. Lat. 48° 30' N.
Novo-Rschev, t. Eu, Russia, 70 m. S, S. E. Pskov.
Novo-Shansarov, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 21
m, S. S. W. Pultava. Pop, 3,700.
Noutra, t. Austrian Poland, 35 m. S. Cracow.
Nouvion, t. France, in Aisne, 13 m. N. W. Ver-
vins. Pop, 2,600.
Nonzille, or Noisilk, t. France, in Indre-and-
Loire, 9 m, N, Tours, Pop, 1,000,
Nowadaga, r, N, Y. which runs into the S, side
of the Mohawk, at Minden,
Noivadah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 85° 40' E.
Lat. 24° 54' N,
Nowagur, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, on the W.
bank of Mahanuddy river. Lon. 82° 55' E. Lat.
21° 55' N.
Nowarahaut, t. Bengal, 10 m, N. E. Dacca.
Nowawes, or Neudore, v. Prussian States, in
Brandenburg, in the immediate vicinity of Pots-
dam. Pop. 1,700,
Nowtll, Point, cape on the N. W, coast of Ame-
rica, Lat. 60° 27' N.
Nowe Miasto, t, Poland, 17 m, S, E. Rawa, 42
S, S, W, W^arsaw. Pop. 1,000.
Nowemiasto, t. Poland, at the conflux of the Nid-
da and the Vistula, 40 m. E. by N. Cracow.
NowidiDor, t. Poland, at the confluence of the
Bog and the Vistula, 17 m. N. N. E. Wariaw. Pop.
800.
Novntary. See Neumarkt.
Nowland's Ferry, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Noicpooraf), t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 73*
45' E. Lat, 21° 6' N,
Noxonlon, x-. N<^w«asfle c^. L">el. iJ2 ». S. S. W.
Wilmington,
530
N U D
N U R
J^oya, t. Spain, in Galicia, on a bay of the At-
lantic, at the mouth of the river Noya. 19 m. W.
S. W. Compostella. Lon. 8° 56' W. Lat. 42°
50' N.
J^oyau, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 32 m. S. E. Montreal.
J^oyen, t. France, on the river Sarthe, 5 m. S.
W. Le Mans. Pop. 1^800,
JVoyers, t France, in Yonne, 1 1 m. S. Tonnere,
15 E. S. E. Auxerre. Pop. 2,000.
JVoycrs, t. France, in Lower Alps, 5 m. W. Sis-
teron. Pop. 1,000.
A''oyon,i. France, in Oise, on the Verse. It has
manufactures of linen, leather, hats, and stock-
ings, and a brisk trade in corn with Paris. It is the
birthplace of Calvin. 25 m. N. W. Soissons, 70
N. by E. Paris. Pop. 6,000.
JS'ozay, t. France, in Loire Inforieure, 20 m. S.
W. Chateaubriant. Pop. 2,100.
Jfozeroy, t. France, in Jura, on the Ain, 27 m.
5. Besancon. Pop. SOO.
J^ozzano, t. Italy, in Lucca, 10 m. N. by E. Luc-
ca.
J^iube, r. Chili, which passes the ancient city of
Chilian, and runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat.
36" S.
J^ubia, an extensive country of Africa, inclo-
sed between Egypt, Sennaar and the Red sea. It is
covered by numberless tribes of independent
Arabs, some carrying on trade in towns, others
cultivating the ground, ?nd a still greater number
roaming over the extensive wastes which cover
this part of Africa. With the exception of the im-
mediate banks of the Nile,whichare rendered fertile
by laborious irrigation, Nubia consists almost en-
tirely of sandy and rocky deserts. The country
on the Nile is split into a series of little independent
kingdoms, each governed by its own Melek or
chief. The governors of these little districts are
described as very violent and arbitrary in their
proceedings, and rude in their treatment of stran-
gers ; yet, under the protection of the pasha of
Egypt, Europeans may now travel in perfect safe-
ty as far as Derri, and even Ibrim.
The eastern bank of the Nile is'much better
adapted for cultivation than the western, being
more easily and abundantly watered. This is
rather remarkable, since all the splendid ruins for
which this region is distinguished are on the oppo-
site bank. Hence we may suspect this last to have
been formerly more fertile and populous, but re-
duced to its present state by the continual en-
croachment of those immense moving sands which
extend to the westward. The climate of Nubia,
though in summer intensely hot, is remarkably
healthy, in consequence probably of the extreme
dryness of the atmosphere.
The chief trade of Nubia consists in slaves im-
ported from the interior of Africa, and either con-
veyed northwards into Egypt, or across the Red
sea by Souakin and Jidda. The annual import is
estimated at 5,000, of whom 2,500 are for Arabia,
1,500 for Egypt, and 1,000 for Dongola and the
Bedouins of the mountains. Few of the slaves are
above the age of 15. The most valued are those
between 11 and 15.
J\"ublada, isl. in the Pacific ocean, S. W. of Cape
Corrientes, on the coast of Mexico. Lon. 122° 30'
W. Lat. 16° 40^ N.
JVuckergaut, t. Hind, in Serinagur, on the Gan-
ges. Lon. 78° 5' E. Lat. 30° 3' N.
JVnddea, an <»xtensivc. district of Bengra! . between
22° and 24° N. lat. Pop. 764,000. about a third
of whom are Mahometans.
JVuddea, the capital of the above district, and
for a considerable period the capital of Bengal, is
on an island at the confluence of the Hoogly
and Jelinghy rivers, 60 m. above Calcutta. In
modern times it has been the seat of a Brahmin
seminary of learning. Lon. 88° 24' E. Lat. 23*
25' N.
J^ueil sous Passavant, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, on the Layon, 18 m. S. W. Saumur. Pop.
2,000.
MiestraSenorade V Assumption. See Assump-
tion.
Jfiievitas del Principe, Punta de las, cape, on
the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 76° 35' W. Lat. 21°
44' N.
J^ughz, district, Afghanistan, in Cabul. Nughz,
the capital, is in lon. 69° 28' E. lat. 33° 17' N.
J^ug7nat, Russian settlement on the N. W. coast
of America. Lon. 1 1 1° 40' E. Lat. 64° 30' N.
JVaw, or JViiits, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 12 m.
S. Dfjon. Pop. 2,500.
JVulacoonda, t. Hind, in Golcondah, 35 m. S. E.
Hyderabad.
jYuldingah, t. Bengal. Lon. 89° T E. Lat. 23*
25' N.
Nulez, t. Spain, 25 m. N. N. E. Valencia. Pop.
3,400.
Mdhegan, r. Vt. which flows into Connecticut
river, between Miuehead and Brunswick.
JVumansdorp, v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
14 m. S. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,G00.
JVun, J^oon, or Wedinoon, country, Africa, on
the Atlantic, forming the most southern part
of the empire of Morocco. The inhabitants car-
ry on a considerable trade, particularly with
Tombuctoo and the interior of Africa. The whole
coast, from Agadeer to Cape Bojador, does not af-
ford a single harbor.
Kun, r. Africa, which falls into the Atlanticj
about lon. 1 1° 30' W. lat. 28" N.
Kunda, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 14 m. N. An-
gelica. Pop. 499. Here are two falls in Gene-
see river, a mile apart, 1 of 60 feet, and 1 of 90.
JVundabar, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 74° 15'
E. Lat. 21° 17' N.
Kundaporam, t. Hind, in Circai-s. Lon. 82° 40'
E. Lat. 18" 23' N.
jYimdungur, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° 32' E.
Lat. 26" 12' N.
JVundydroog, a celebrated fortress, Hind, in My-
sore, on the summit of a rock, about 1,700 feet
high. Lon. 77° 53' E. Lat. 13° 22' N.
Nuneaton, t. Eng. in Warwick, 8 m. N. E. Cov-
entry, 100 N. by W. London. Lon. 1° 29' W. Lat.
52°3rN. Pop. 4,947.
JVunez, Rio, r. W. Africa, which rises on the
frontier of the Foulah kingdom of Foota Jallo,
and falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 10° 20' N.
Nunia, V. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, opposite
Mosul, on the site of Nineveh, once the largest
city in the known world. The ruins consist of a
rampart and fosse, forming an oblong square, not
exceeding 4 miles in compass. The wall is on an
average 20 feet high ; and there is no appearance
of stones or rubbish of any kind.
Nimjengode, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 50'
E. Lat. 12° 1' N.
Kuno Tristao, r. W. Africa, which falls into the
Atlantic, in lat. 9° 40' N.
Nura, r. Italy, which falls into the Po, 6 m. N.
E. Piacenza.
O A H
OAK
531
JWwallapoor, t. Bengal, on tlie N. bank of the
Ganges, 24 m. S. W. Dacca.
Miremberg, t. in the VV. of Germany, in Fran-
conia, formerly a celebrated free city of the em-
pire, at present subject to Bavaria. It stands in
a wide, sandy, but well culti^-ated plain, on the
Pegnitz. The town, though no longer fortified,
is surrounded by an old wall and ditch, with round
lowers at intervals. Of the public edifices, the
chief is the castle or fort called Reichsfeste, the
occasional residence of emperors in the middle
ages. Its manufactures consist of musical and
mathematical instruments, copper-plates, pins,
needles, spectacles, and toys of all kinds, whether
of hardware or wood. The printing and book-
selling business is carried on here to a considera-
ble extent. 58 m. E. S. E. Wurzburg, 100 N. by
W. Munich. Lon. 1 1" 4' E. Lat. 49" 24' N. Pop.
27,000.
JVuria, mt. among the Pyrenees, on the frontier
between Spain and France, a few miles N. of Cam-
predon, in Catalonia.
J^urpoor, district, Hind, in Lahore, belonging
to the seiks. Nurpoor, the capital, is in lon. 75"
2' E. lat. 32° 12' N.
J^urrah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82° 45'
E. Lat. 21° 2' N.
J^urlingen, t Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 14
m. S. E. Stutgard. Lon. 9° 20' E. Lat. 48" 37' 36"
N. Pop. 3,400.
J^usco, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra. It is
the see of a bishop. 46 m. W. by N. Naples. Pop.
3,600.
J^fushar, v. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, 55 m.
S. W. Diarbekir.
JVuslau, or JVosislau, t. Austrian states, in Mo-
ravia, 14 m. S. Brunn. Pop. 1,000.
Nussaouh, L Birman empire, on the W. bank
of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 20' E. Lat. 17"
62' N.
J^ussdorf, t. Hungary, 23 m. N. N. E. Presburg.
fiussdorf, V. Austria, on the Danube, 4 m. N.
Vienna. Pop. 2,000.
J^usserabad, t. Hind, in Berar, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 75" 51' E. Lat. 20° 56' N.
JVmseritabad, called also Sackur, t. Hind, in Be-
japore, belonging to the Nizam. Lon. 76° 20' E.
Lat. 17° 20' N.
JS'^usserpoor, district, Hind, in Sinde. Nusser-
poor, the capital, is near the river Indus. Lon.
69° 10' E. Lat. 25° 28' N.
Missloch, t. Baden, 6 m. S. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,350.
J^uthe, r. Prussia, which falls into the Havel,
near Potsdam.
NuttaVs store, p-v. Greenville co. N. C.
Nuys. See Nuis and JVeuss,
J^uyis Point, a rocky headland on the S. coast
I
of New Holland. Lon. 1 16° 66' E. Lat. 35° 12' S.
JVuyts Reefs, reefs of rocks, off the S. coast of
New Holland, at Cape Nuyts. Cape Nuyts is in
lon. 132" 18' E. lat, 32° 2' S.
JVy Carleby. See Carleby, J^ew.
Kyeborg, t. Denmark, on the Funeu, on the
Great Belt, opposite Zealand. Here ships, pass-
ing through the Belt, pay toll. Pop. 2,000. 16 m.
W. Corsoer. Lon. 10" 48' E. Lat. 55° 22' N.
J^yehaske, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m.
S. by E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 900.
Nyekiobing, t. Denmark, in the island of Fal-
ster, on the Guldborgsund. It is tolerably well
built, has an hospital, and 4 schools. Pop. 1,100.
62 m. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11° 31' E. Lat.
34°46'N.
JS'yekiobing, t. Denmark, on the N. coast of Zea-
land, in the gulf of Isefiord. Lon. 11° 41' £. Lat.
55°55'N.
JVyested, t. Denmark,in the island of Laland, 26
m. E. S. E. Naskow. Lon. 11° 45' E. Lat. 54°
58' N.
•^yffe, country of Central Africa, on the N.
bank of the Niger, forming part of the region of
Houssa.
Jfyir Bathor, t. Hungary, 30 m. N. E. Debrcc-
zin. Lon. 21° 23' 30" E. Lat. 47° 49' 20" N.
J^ifiregyhaza, t. Hungary, 29 m. N. Debreczin,
123 E. N. E. Pest. Lon. 21° 40' 30" E. Lat. 47^
56'45"N. Pop. 8,100.
Jfykoping, government of Sweden, comprising
the W. and most considerable part of the prov-
ince of Sudermania. Pop. 90,000.
JVykopijig, t. Sweden, cap. of the government
of the same name, and of Sudermania, is on a
bay of the Baltic. It is well built, with broad
and straight streets. 49 m. S. W. Stockholm.
Lon. 16° 53' E. Lat. 48° 55' N. Pop. 2,400.
J^ylacky, one of the Banda islands, in the East-
ern seas. Lon. 130° 33' E. Lat. 4° 11' S.
Nyland, province, Eu. Russia, in Finland,
bounded by the gulf of Finland, Carelia, Tavast-
land, and Finland proper. Area, 4,880 sq. miles.
Pop. 115,000.
Nympha, Cape, Turkey, on the S. coast of Monte
Santo. Lon. 24° 24' E. Lat. 40° 3' N.
JVyon, t. Switz. in Vaud, on the N. W. side of
the lake of Geneva, 11 m. N. Geneva. Lon. 6° 6'
E. Lat. 46° 24' N. Pop. 1,800.
NysM, t. Russia, in Finland. It has a very
strong castle on a rock, in the middle of a deep
stream. 50 ra. N. W. Wyborg, 140 N. W. Peters-
burg. Lon. 28° 30' E. Lat. 6 1° 48' N.
Kystad, s-p. Russia, in Finland, 38 m. N. W,
Abo. Pop. 1,900.
J^yulas, or Gais, t. Hungary, 19 m. S. W. Pre'-
burg. Lon. 16° 45' 17" E. Lat. 47° 57' 10" N.
O
O, or St. Martin d'O, t. France, in Orne, 9
tn. S. Argentan, 18 N. Alencon. Pop. 1,000.
Oacco, district, S. Africa, in Benguela, on the
Coanza.
Oahoo, See Woahco,
Oaka, or Odkamundal, district, Hind, in Gnjf^-
rat, on the S. side of the gulf of Cutch. Oaka.
the capital has been long celebrated as the resi-
dence of a gang of pirates, who have recently re^
ceived a severe chastisemeat by the East Ihctia
532
O B E
0 C C
company's marine, and who have a^eed in future
to respect the British flag. Lon. 69° 36' E. Lat.
22° 14' N.
Oak Cove, cove, on the N. W. coast of America,
in the gulf of New Georgia.
Oakfmkee. See Tallapoosa.
Oak Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va.
Oak Hall, p-v, Greenville district, S. C.
Oakham, t. Eng. and cap. of Rutland co. 95 m.
N. by W. Loudon. Lon. 0° 42' W. Lat. 52° 41' N.
Pop. 1,541.
Oakham, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 ra. N. W.
Worcester, 55 S. W. Boston. Pop. 848.
Oakhamps ton Head, cape, Scotland, on tlie S. E.
coast of Caithness, 1 1 m. S. Wick. Lon. 3° 8' W.
Lat. 58° 16' N.
Oakhampton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the bor-
ders of Dartmoor Forest. It sends two members
to Parliament. 24 m. W. Exeter, 195 W. Lon-
don. Lon. 3° 59' W. Lat. 50° 44' N, Pop. 1,440.
Oak-hill, p-v. Green co. N. Y.
Oak-hill, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Oak-hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Oak-hill, p-v. Laurens co. Va.
Oakingham, or Wokingham, t. Eng. in Berk-
shire, 32 m. W. London. Pop. 419.
Oak Island, small isl. on the coast of N. Caroli-
na, at the mouth of Cape Fear river.
Oakland, co. Michigan Territory, on the upper
part of the river Huron of St. Clair. Chief town,
Pontiac. Since the year 1818, when the U. S.
government offered these lands for sale, settle-
ments have progressed very rapidly.
Oakmulgee, r. Georgia, which joins the Oconee
to form the Alatamaha.
Oak orchard, p-v. Genesee co. N. Y.
Oak, p-v. Hanover co. Va.
Oalaldah, or Oualaldi, t. W. Africa, in the
country of the Foulahs, on the S. bank of the Sen-
egal, 60 m. E. Podor.
Oanda, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 70 m. S.
E. Goumel.
Oaxaca, or Guaxaca, an intendency of Mexico,
and one of the most delightful countries in this
part of the globe, is bounded N. by Vera Cruz, E.
by Guatimala, W. by Puebla, and S. by the Pacific
ocean. Extent, 34,064 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803,
534,800. It abounds with wheat, cattle, sugar,
cotton, honey, cocoa, plantains, and other fruits.
Oaxaca, cap. of the above intendency, lies 230
m. S. of the city of Mexico, in the delightful val-
ley of Guaxaca. The air is clear and healthy,
and the climate a perpetual spring. It is, how-
ever, exposed to earthquakes. It is a bishop's see.
The churches and monasteries are numerous, sol-
idly built, and richly decorated. Pop. 24,000.
06a, t. Aderbijan, in Persia, on the W. coast of
the Caspian, at one of the mouths of the Kur. 1 50
m. N. E. Tabreez.
Oba7i, V. Scotland, in Argyllshire, on a fine bay
in the sound of Mull, 33i m. from Inverary. Lon.
6° 32' W. Lat. 56° 24' N. Pop. 1,000.
Obannon, creekj Ohio, which runs into the E.
side of the Little Miami, in Clermont county.
Obedach, t. Austrian states, 10 m. S. by E. Ju-
denburg. Pop. 800.
Obed's River, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Cumberland, 290 m. above its mouth.
Ober, or Obra, r. Prussian states, which runs
into the Oder, 4 m. S. Zullichan.
Oberachern, v. Baden, 1 m. S. Achem. Pop. 900.
Ober-Amstadi, t. Germany, in Hesse- DarmstaJt,
near Lichtenberg. Pop. 1,40a
Oherdorf, t. Bavaria, 48 m. S. W. Munich, 14
E. N. E. Kempten. Pop. 1,500.
Oberhausen, v. Baden, 2 m. N. N. E. Philips-
burg. Pop. 1,300.
Oherkirch, t Baden, 16 m. E. Strasburg. Pop.
1,400.
Oberland, district, Switz. forming the S. E. part
of the canton of Bern.
Obemarg, r. Germany, which falls into the lake
of Constance, near Buchau.
Obernay. See Ehenheim.
Obernburg, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 9
m. S. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,400.
Oberndorf, t. Hanover, 15 m. N. W. Stade. Pop.
1,500.
Oberndorf, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 9 m.
N. by W. Rothweil. Pop. 1,200.
Obernizk, t. Prussian Poland, on the Wartha, 17
m. N. by W. Posen. Pop. 800.
Obernkirchen, t. Germany, in the electorate of
Hesse, 5 m. E. Rinteln. Pop. 1,100.
Oberrode, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 10
m. N. E. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,000.
Obertsdorf, t. Bavarian states, at the junction of
three streams which form the lUer, 21 m. S. of
Kempten, 76 S. W. Munich. Pop. 1,800.
Obi, a great river of Asiatic Russia, which trav-
erses the whole of the government of Tobolsk, It
rises on the S. Side of the Altai mountains. After
receiving the waters of the Irtysch, it becomes
very broad, sometimes extending several miles
across. It also divides into branches, which again
re-unite, forming numerous isles. It runs into
the gulf of Oby in lat. 66" 55' N. after an entire
course of upwards of 2,000 miles.
Obion, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mis-
sissippi, 24 m. S. of Reelfoot's river.
Obidos, t. Portugal, near the coast, 44 m. N.
Lisbon. Pop. 3,000.
Oblong, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y.
Obojau, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 34 m. S. Kursk.
Lon. 35° 54' E. Lat. 51° 10' N. Pop. 4,400.
Obollah, t. near the mouth of the Tigris, for-
merly the seat of a great trade, which is now trans-
ferred to Bassora.
Obra, r. Prussian Poland, which falls into the
Wartha at Schwerin.
Obrigheim, t. Baden, on the Neckar, 18 m. E.
by S. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,000.
Obrsyrko, or Obersisko, t. Prussian Poland, on
the Wartha, 26 m. N. N. W. Posen. Pop. 1,700.
Obscaia, gulf of the Frozen ocean, on the N.
coast of Asiatic Russia, forming the receptacle of
the river Obi. Lat, 66° 40' to 72° 15' N. Lon.
72° to 76° E.
Observatory Inlet, inlet on the N.W. coast oi
America. Lon. 230° 6' E. Lat. 54° 58' N.
Observatory Island, or Padtvoua, small isl. near
the N. coast of New Caledonia. Lon. 165° 41' E.
Lat. 20° 18' S.
Oby, or Ouby, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 50
miles long, from E. to W. and from 12 to 20 broad.
The Dutch have a small fort on the W. side of the
island. Lon. 124° 66' E. Lat. 1°36' S.
Oca, r. Spain, in Old Castile, which falls into
the Ebro above Frias.
Ocana, t. Spain, 8 m. E. S. E. Aranjuez, 30 S. S.
E. Madrid. Pop. 5,000.
Oeana, or Santa Anna, t. New Granada, 220
ra. S. Santa Martha, 225 N. Santa Fe de Bogota
Lon. 73° 26' W. Lat. 7° 50' N.
Ocanhazary. See Hasaree Bang.
Oecschappy^ r. Alabama. See Bear cre(h
ODE
ODE
533
Oecoquan, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac at
High Point, 16 m. below Alexandria. It is navi-
gable 4 miles, to Colchester.
Occoquan, p-v. Prince William co. Va.
Ochil Hills, a range of lofty mountains in Scot-
land, which begins in Perthshire, and stretches
E. into the county of Fife.
Ocho Rios, bay on the N. coast of Jamaica. Lon.
76° 56' W. Lat. 18" 26' N.
Ochotzk. See Okfiotzk.
Ochrida, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, situated on
the declivity of Mount Maniana Petriu, on the
lake of Ochrida, from which issues the river Dri-
BO. 100 m. N. Joannina. Pop. about 6,000.
Ochsenfurth, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine,
10 m. S. E. VVurzburg. Pop. 2,000.
Ochsenfiausen, t. Wirtemberg, 14 m. S. Ulm.
Fop. 1,300.
Ochta, t Russia, near St. Petersburg, and con-
sidered as one of its suburbs. Here is a manufac-
ture of gunpowder and cannon.
Ochteville, v. France, in La Manche, 8 m. E. N.
E Valognes. Pop. 1,100.
Ocke, r. Eng. in Berkshire, which runs into the
Thames at Abingdon.
Ocker, r. Germany in Saxony, which rises in the
Harz mountains, and falls into AUer, 3 m. W. Gitf-
horn.
Oclaneer, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73° 10' E.
Lat. 2r 37' N.
Oclonia, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of the
island of Negropont. Lon. 24" 16' E. Lat. 38" 28' N.
Ocona, port, Peru, 96 m. W. N. W. Arequipa.
Lat. 16° S.
Oconee, r. Geo. which rises in the N. W. part of
the State, and running S. S. E. 160 miles, joins the
'Oakmulgee to form Alatamaha river.
Ocopa, t. Peru, in Xauxa, 116 m. E. Lima. Lon.
75° 2' W. Lat. 12° 2' S.
Ocosingo, t. Guatimala, 40 m. E. Chiapa dos
Espagnols.
Ocracoke Inlet, navigable channel on the coast
of N. C. between Albemarle and Pamlico sound,
which lies in lat 34° 55' N. 7 leagues S. W. i W.
Cape Hatteras. On each side of the channel are
dangerous shoals. The bar has 14 feet at low
water.
Octararo Creek, r. which divides Lancaster and
Chester counties, Pa, and runs into the Susque-
hannah, in Maryland.
Octararo, t. Lancaster co. Pa.
Ocumara, bay on the coast of Venezuela, 5
leagues E. Porto Cabello, and 28 m. S S. E. of Ca-
raccas. Its port is good and well sheltered, and is
defended by a battery.
Oczakov, t. in the S. W. of Eu. Russia, in Cher-
son, on the Dnieper, near its mouth, remarkable
only for the importance attached to it in the wars
between Russia and Turkey. Since the building
of Odessa, its trade and population have very
much dwindled. 54 m. W^. by S. Cherson. Pop.
1,000.
Odd, large peninsula in the N. W. of the island
of Zealand, in Denmark.
Oddera. See Christ iansand.
Oddrode, v. Eng. in Cheshire, 158 m. from Lon-
don. Pop. 1,003.
Odemira, r. Portugal, in Alentejo, which falls
into the Atlantic at Villa Nova de Milfontes. It is
navigable to Odemira, about 20 miles from its
mouUi.
Odenheim, t. Baden, 14 m. S. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,500.
Odenkirchm, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 13 m. W. S. W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 4,000.
Odensee, t. Denmark, cap. of the island of Fu-
nen. It is the residence of the bishop, and ha?
manufactures of woollens, leather, and soap. 86
m. W. S. W. Copenhagen, 68 N. N. E. Sleswick.
Lon. 10° 25' E. Lat. 55° 23' N. Pop. 6,000.
Oder, r. Germany, which rises in Moravia, about
18 m. N.E. Olmutz, enters Silesia, flows through
that province, Brandanburg, and Pomerania,
forms the large maritime lake called the Haff, and
runs into the Baltic by three mouths. It becomes
navigable for small boats so high as Ratibor ; and
barges of 40 and 50 tons come up to Breslau. It
receives several navigable rivers, and communi-
cates by canals with the Elbe and the Vistula.
Oderberg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, on
the Oder, 38 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,600.
Oderberg, t. Austrian states, on the Oder, 16 m.
N. W. Teschen. Pop. 900.
Oderheim, or Gau Oderkeim, i. Germany, in
Hesse-Darmstadt, 15 m. S. Mentz. Pop. 1,000.
Odernheim, or Glan Odernheim, i. Bavarian
states, 25 m. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,200.
Oderzo, t. Austrian Italy, 25 m. N. N. E. Venice.
Pop. 3,400.
Odessa, a flourishing seaport, Eu. Russia, in
Cherson, on a small bay of the Black sea, between
the mouths of the Dniester and the Dnieper. This
place, which is now of considerable size, and ad-
vancing very rapidly, is entirely of modern erec-
tion. The Russians had looked anxiously for a
commercial emporium on the Black sea, ever since
the time of Peter I. In 1792, Catherine II. fixed
on this place, then consisting of only a few houses.
It has a fine bay, with sufficient depth of water al-
most to the very edge for the largest vessels of war.
Its bottom is of fine sand or gravel, and it is hardly
ever frozen. The emperor Alexander followed
up the views of Catherine, and appointed as gov-
ernor the duke of Richelieu, at that time a French
emigrant nobleman, afterwards (in 1816) prime
minister of France. Under his superintendance
it prospered ; and a number of public establish-
ments were set on foot under the patronage of the
government. The population in 1804, had risen
to 15,000 ; and in 1820, approached to 36,000.
It is surrounded by extensive plains, which,
when cultivated, will be very productive. It is
fortified in the modern style, and has on the E. side
a citadel which commands the port. The port is
artificial, and adapted for the reception of about
300 vessels. It is formed by two lai^e moles, one
of which is in the form of a quadrant of a circle,
and has regular parapets and embrazures for can-
non ; the interior is divided by smaller moles and
. quays. A light-house has been erected on a pro-
jecting point on the S. side of the bay. The road-
stead is very extensive, and tlie anchorage safe in
summer, being sheltered from every wind but the
S. E. The town is neatly built, the streets bein»
wide, straight, and crossing each other at right an-
gles. The chief disadvantages of the place are the
scarcity of wood and water, and, at particular
seasons, a degree of uuhealthiness in the climate.
The transit of goods from the interior is free of
any government charge ; and since the erection of
a circular wall, and other precautions for prevent-
ing smuggling into the interior, Odessa has bee*
declared a free port. The great article of export
is corn from the Ukraine and neighbouring prov-
inces. It is brought down chiefly in carts and wag-
gons drawn by oxen, wliich travel in companief.
O E D
O G I)
and stop at intervals, to let the oxen feed in the
steppesy or vast natural pastures, by the way, so
that the expense of carriage is trifling. In sum-
mer, the season when this conveyance chieiiy
takes place, several hundred waggons arrive in
the town in a single day. The other articles are
tallow, hides, and flax ; also timber ; but hitherto
the export of these has been small. The chief
imports are sugar and other colonial produce.
The number of vessels that arrive in a year is
about 800, of which the half are Russian, and
nearly one-third British. Brewing and distilling
are carried on on a large scale ; and there are
some manufactures of woollens, silk, gunpowder,
and soap. The great disadvantage hitherto has
been the want of mechanics for the town, and of
farmers for the surrounding district. The gov-
ernment has spared no expense to procure both ;
and those who fix on the country round Odessa,
are allowed a house, a pair of oxen, a plough, a
little money, and an exemption from all taxes and
military services during 25 years. 98 m. E. Cher-
son. Lon. 30" 38' E. Lat. 46" 30' N.
Odessus. See Varna.
Odeypoor, Hindoo principality in the S. E. of
Ajmeer, between 24° and 26" N. lat. Odeypoor,
the capital, is on the S. side of the Banass river.
The Ranah, or chief, has recently entered into
alliance with the British, and been enabled to
throw off the Mahratta yoke. Lon. 74" 5' E. Lat.
25" 58' N.
Odeypore, t Bengal, formerly the capital of
Tipperah. It stands on the S. bank of the Goomty,
25 m. E. Comillah.
Odeypore, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, belonging to
the Nagpore Mahrattas. Lon. 83" 40' E. Lat. 22°
37 N.
Odeypore, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 78" 20' E. Lat. 23° 58' N.
Odeypore, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 77° 40' E.
Lat. 23° 52' N.
Odiel, r. Spain, in Seville, which falls into the
sea, E. of the Guadiana.
Odiham, t. Eng. in Hants, 41 m. S. W. London.
Lon. 0^ 55' W. Lat. 51° 15' N. Pop. 1,104.
Odir, small isl. in the eastern seas, near the W.
coast of Aroo. Lon. 134" 58' E. Lat. 5° 23' S.
Odness, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast of the
island of Stronsa. Lon. 2° 26' W . Lat. 58° 59' N.
0(fon,r.France,which falls into the Orne at Caen.
Odrau, t. Austrian states, on the Oder, 36 m. \V.
by S. Teschen. Pop. 2,200.
Oe, small isl. Denmark, N. of Laaland. Lon.
ir31'E. Lat. 54° 58' N.
Oebisfeld, t. Prussian Saxony, on the AUer, 37
m, N. N. W. Magdeburg, 22 N. E. Brunswick.
Pop. 1,200.
Oedelevi, t. Netherlands, in W. Flanders, 6 m.
E. S. E. Bruges. Pop. 3,000.
Oedelfingen, or Ocielfingen, v. Wirtemberg, 3
m. N. W. Mergentheim. Pop. 1,300.
Oedenburg, or Soprony-JVarmegye, a palatinate
in the west of Hungary. Area, 1,3G0 square
miles. Pop. 165,000. Oedenburg, ^r Soprony,
the capital, has one Lutheran and two Catholic
churches, and 12,500 inhabitants, partly of Hun-
garian, partly of German descent. Here are
manufactures of woollen, glass and potash, and a
sugar refinery. 37 m. S. S. E. of Vienna.
Oedenheim, t. Wirtemberg, near Heilbronn.
Pop. 1,500.
Oederan, or Oedern, t. Saxonv, 27 m. W. ?. W.
Dresden. Pop. 2,000.
Oehrhobn, v. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
9 m. from Copenhagen.
Oehringen, t. Wirtemberg, 38 m. N. N. E. Stut-
gai'd. Pop. 3,400. It is the residence of the prince
of Hohenlohe-fS euenstcin.
Oeland, a long and narrow island in the Baltic,
on the S. E. coast of Sweden, and separated from
the town of Cahnar by a narrow strait called Cal-
mar Sound. Area, 300 sq. miles. Pop. 22,000. —
Oeland is also the name of an island of Denmark,
in the gulf of Lymfiord, about 5 miles long, and
from 1 to 2i broad. Lon. 9" 36' E. Lat. 57" 4' N.
Oels, a principality of Silesia, which now forms
part of the government of Breslau. Area, 740 sq.
miles. Pop. 85,000. It belongs to the duke of
Brunswick, who derives from it an income of
15,000/. a year. Oels, the capital, is 16 m. E. N.
E. Breslau. Pop. 3,800.
Oelse, Langen, or Long Oelse, v. Prussian states,
5 m. S. S. E. Lauban. Pop. 2,600.
Oelsen, Elsen, or Olesnice, t. Austrian states, in
Moravia, 25 m. N. by W. Brunn. Pop. 1,400.
Oelsnitz, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 76 m. S. W.
Dresden. Pop. 2,800.
(Enitsm. See Sapienza.
Oesbyc, v. Denmark, in Sleswick, 6 m. E. Ha-
dersleben. Pop. 1,300.
Oesel, isl. in the Baltic, at the mouth of the gulf
of Riga, belonging to Russia. Area, 1,144 sq.
miles. Pop. including the small adjoining islands
of Moen and Runoe, 35,000. The principal town
is Arensberg.
Oeslhammer, t. Sweden, on the Baltic, 29 m. N.
N.E. Upsal. Pop. 800.
Oestrick, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine. Pop. 1,600.
Oesiringen, t. Baden, 14 m. E. Spire. Pop.
1,600.
Oeteghem, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 25
m. E. Ypres. Pop. 2,100.
Oetigheim, v. Baden, 2 m. N. Rastadt. Pop.
1,000.
Oetisheim, t. Wirtemberg, near Maulbronn.
Pop. 1,100.
Oetting, New, t. Bavaria, 50 m. E. by N. Mu-
nich. Pop. 1,500.
Oettingen, t. Bavaria, on the Wemitz, 69 m.
N. N. W. Munich. Lon. 10" 36' E. Lat. 48" 57'
N. Pop. 3,200.
Oex, Chateau d' t. Swiss canton of Vaud, 6 m.
W. by S. Gessenay. Pop. 2,300.
Oeyras, t. Portugal, at the mouth of the Tagus,
8 m. E. Lisbon.
Ofanto, the modern name of the Aufidus, r. Ita-
ly, which, after flowing through Apulia, falls into
the Adriatic, several miles below the plain of
Cannae.
Offenbach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt.
It is the principal manufacturing town in the
grand duchy. It stands on the Maine, 4 m. E. S.
E. Frankfort. Pop. 8,000.
Offenbach, v. Bavarian states, 4 m. N. E. Lau-
teraeh, 33 W. N. W. Worms. Pop. 1,200.
Offenburg, t. Baden, 11 m. S. E. Strasburg.
Pop. 2,900.
Offranville, t, France, in Lower Seine, 3 m. S.
Dieppe. Pop. 1,500.
Offutls, p-v. Hampshire co. Va.
Ogden, t. Genesee co. N. Y.
Ogdensburg, p-t. and cap. St. Lawrence co. N.
Y. at the confluence of the Oswegatchie with the
St. Lawrence. It has a safe and spacious har-
O H I
bour. 116 m. N. Utica, 212 N. W. Albany. Here
are numerous manufactures, and the situation is
very advantageous for trade.
Ogeechee, r. which rises in Green co. Geo. passes
by Lexington, Louisville, and Georgetown, and
flows into Ossabaw sound, at Hardwick, 20 m. S.
Savannah.
Ogetshomen, r. Sweden, wliich runs into the
Angermann near Liden.
Ogento. See Ugento.
Oginski Canal, canal in Russian Lithuania,
which joins the Schara and Jasolda, both head
branches of the Niemen and Dnieper. It thus
forms a part of a circuitous water communication
between the Baltic and the Euxine.
Oglethorpe, co. in the N. W. part of Georgia, be-
tween Oconee and Broad rivers. Pop. 12,297, in-
cluding 5,435 slaves. Chief town, Lexington.
Oglio, r. Austrian Italy, which has its source in
the Alps, flows through the lake of Iseo, and joins the
Po near Borgoforte, about 8 miles from Mantua.
Ogmore, small r. Eng. which falls into the Severn
a few miles W. of Cowbridge.
Ognale. See Onate.
Ogogno, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Bis-
cay. Lon. 2° 40' W. Lat. 43° 26' N.
Ogulin, t. Austrian states, 32 m. E. Fiume.
Ogurrnpoora, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 85° 35'
E. Lat. 21" 23' N.
Ohain, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, a
short distance E. of Waterloo. Pop. 1,600.
Oheteroa, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 150°
47' W. Lat. 22' 27' S.
Ohevahoa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, which has
a circuit of 15 or 16 leagues. Lon. 139° 2' W. Lat.
9° 42' S.
Ohio, t. Alleghany co. Fa. Pop. 832.
Ohio, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,128.
Ohio, CO. Va, bounded W. by Ohio river, N. by
Brooke co. E. by Green and Harrison counties,
and S. by Wood co. Pop. 8,175. Slaves, 440.
Chief town, Wheeling.
Ohio, CO. Kentucky, on the Ohio. Pop. 3,792,
including 533 slaves. Chief town, Hartford.
Ohio, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Michigan
Territory and Lake Erie ; E. by Pennsylvania ;
S. E. by Virginia ; S. by Kentucky ; and W. by
Indiana. It extends from 38° 30' to 42° N. lat.
and from 80° 32' to 84° 50' W. lon. Extent, 40,000
square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. Pop. in 1791,
3,000; in 1800, 42,156; in 1810, 230,760; in
1820, 581,434.
The interior parts of the State, and the country
bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and
in some places marshy. About one third, or one
quarter of the State, comprehending the eastern
and southeastern part, bordering on the Ohio riv-
er, is generally hilly and broken, but not moun-
tainous. Immediately on the banks of the Ohio
and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts
3f interval land, of most exuberant fertility. On
both sides of the Scioto, and of the Great and Lit-
tle Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of
rich and level land. In many places are exten-
iive prairies, particularly on the head waters of
xhe Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Sci-
oto and the sources of the two Miami rivers.
Some of these prairies are low and marshy, and
yield spontaneously a large quantity of coarse
i^rass from two to five feet in height ; others are
elevated, and are frequently called barrens, not
lowever on account of their sterility, for they are
jfien fertile. The height of land which divides
O H I
535
the waters of Ohio river from those of Lake Erie
is the most marshy of any in the State, while the
driest land lies along the margins of the rivers.
Wheat IS the principal production. From 70
to 100 bushels of corn are said to be frequently
produced on an acre. Other kinds of grain, and
various sorts of fruits are also cultivated. Coal
is found in abundance along the Ohio in the east-
ern part of the State. Salt springs have been dis-
covered and wrought on the Muskingum, a few
miles below Zanesville, and in various other pla-
ces. The value of the manufactures of Ohio in
1810, was $2,894,290.
The climate of Ohio has been commonly consid-
ered warmer in the same parallels than that of the
Atlantic States. The difference was considered
by Mr. Jefferson, as equal to what would result
from three degrees of latitude. Observations, how-
ever, which have been made at Cincinnati, for a
series of years, seem to prove that there is no
foundation for this opinion ; or at least, if there be
a difference, it cannot equal one third of what has
been mentioned. The opinion that the climate on
the Ohio is more liable to sudden and extreme
changes, and more moist than that of the eastern
States, is equally erroneous. The diseases to
which immigrants are most liable, are bilious and
typhus fevers. This is especially the case with
the natives of New-England and New- York, who
in coming here undergo a change of climate great-
er than they seem generally to anticipate. They
should, therefore, endeavor to arrive in the coun-
try late in the autumn ; and before the ensuing
summer place themselves in the most healthy sit-
uations which can be found. If they are careful
in this respect, and in the heat of summer shun
the evening air, and the noon-day sun, and avoid
what is denominated a bilious habit, very few will
suffer an attack ; but without such attention, a
seasoning, as it is termed, will probably be expci
rienced the first summer after an arrival from the
North. In the second, whether the first be sickly
or not, there is but little danger.
The population of Ohio is made up of emigrants
from every State in the Union, and almost from
every country in Europe. They have not resided
together long enough to form a fixed and unifornj.
character. The mass of the emigrants have been
farmers from the northern and middle States, who
are in general industrious, temperate and frugal,
possessing much intelligence and enterprise. Ths
population will probably continue to increase rap-
idly for some time to come ; though not with the
same rapidity as heretofore. The recent extinc-
tion of the Indian title to the northwestern quar-
ter of the State, called the Indian Reservation,
will have an immediate effect on the progress of
population in that quarter.
In 1817, the number of ministers of the several
religious denominations was stated as follows : —
Presbyterians, 48 ; Methodists, 34 ; Baptists, 13 ;
New-Lights of the Christian church, 9 ; Seceders,
6; Episcopalians, 3 ; Congregationalists, 3; meet-
ings of Friends in this State and Indiana, 59.
There is a university at Athens, called the Ohio
University, and another at Oxford, called the Mi-
ami University. One section, or thirty-sixth part
of every township has been granted by the govern-
ment of the U. States for the support of schools,
besides three townships for the support of the Uni-
versities. There are many incorporated acade-
mies in different parts of the State, and a college
at Cincinnati. »^
s^
O H I
It has been proposed to connect Lake Erie with
Ohio river by means of a canal between the Cuy-
ahoga, which empties into Lake Erie, and the
Tuscarawa, one of the upper streams of the Mus-
kingum. Between these rivers there is now only
a short portage, and so certain is it that the two
waters may be connected by a canal, that in the
law of Congress, appropriating a portion of the
public lands to the improvement of inland naviga-
tion, 100,000 acres were assigned for defraying the
expense of carrying into effect this project. Of all
the canals proposed for connecting the waters of
the lakes with those of the Mississippi, this proba-
bly will be first opened, and will be a great benefit
to the country through which it passes. It is sup-
posed that Lake Erie may be connected with the
Ohio by canals, uniting the branches of the Mau-
mee, with a branch of the Great Miami. — :Three
per cent, of the nett proceeds of the U. S. lands
within the limits of Ohio, have been given by Con-
gress to the Legislature for the purpose of opening
and improving its roads. The produce of this
fund has hitherto been divided among so many
roads that very little of the good which was antici-
pated, has been derived from it.
The legislature is composed of a senate and
house of representatives. The number of repre-
sentatives must not exceed 72, nor be less than 36.
The number of senators must never be less than
one third, nor more than one half of the number
of representatives. The representatives are cho-
sen annually, and the senators biennially, one half
of the senators being chosen each year. The gov-
ernor is chosen biennially, and is eligible only 6
years in any term of 8 years. The judges of the
supreme court, the presidents, and the associate
judges of the courts of common pleas are appoint-
ed by a joint ballot of both houses of the general
assembly, and hold their olfices for the term of 7
years.
Ohio, T. U. States, formed by the confluence of
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers at Pitts-
burg, in the western part of Pennsylvania. It flows
in a southwesterly direction for 945 miles, separa-
ting Ohio and Indiana from Virginia and Ken-
tucky, and falls into the Mississippi 193 miles be-
low the Missouri, in N. lat. 37", and W. Ion. 89°.
The distance from Pittsburg in a direct line to the
mouth of the Ohio is only 614 miles. It varies in
breadth from 400 to 1,400 yards. At Cincinnati,
it is about 800 yards, which may be regarded as
the mean breadth. Its current is very gentle,
and no where broken by any considerable falls,
excepting at Louisville. The water there de-
scends 22i feet in 2 miles, producing a very rapid
current ; yet boats have notwithstanding frequent-
ly ascended. A canal around these rapids has
been in contemplation for a long time.
The diflerence between high and low water on
the Ohio is usually about 50 feet, and sometimes
60 feet. When lowest, it may be forded in seve-
ral places above Louisville. The greatest depres-
sion is generally in August, September, and Octo-
ber ; the greatest rise in December, March, May
and June. Near Pittsburg, it is frozen over al-
most every winter for several weeks. Generally
the navigation is suspended by floating ice during
8 or 10 weeks of the winter. Steam-boats are
found by actual experiment to be well adapted for
the navigation of the river.
Ohio, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 12 m.
below Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 285.
Ohio, t. Clermont cp. Ohio. Pop. 1,803.
OKA
Ohio, t. Knox co. Indiana. Pop. 877.
Ohiopyle Falls, falls of the river Youghiogeny,
in Pennsylvania, about 30 m. from its confluence
with the Monongahela. The river is here 80 yards
wide, and the descent is about 20 feet perpendici^-
lar.
Ohitlahoo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 9 miles
long, and 21 in circumference. Lon. 139° 8' W.
Lat. 9° 55' S.
Ohlau, t. Prussian states, 14 m. S. E. Breslau.
Fop. 2,800.
Ohlau, r. Prussian states, which falls into the
Oder near Breslau.
Ohlm, Upper, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
6 m. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,000.
Ohoopee, r. Georgia, which falls into the Alata-
maha, about 35 m. below the forks of the latter.
Ohrdruff, t. Germany, in the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha, on the Ohr, 10 m. S. Gotha. Pop. 4,200.
Ohmbau, t Bavarian states, on the Altmuhl, 6
m. S. S. E. Anspach. Pop. 2,700.
Ohtakari Islands, small islands on the E. side of
the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 23^ 26' E. Lat. 64"
6' N.
Oi, r. Asiatic Russsia, which falls into the Yen-
isei, in lon. 91° 34' E. Lat. 55° 16' N.
Oia, r. A. .Russia, which falls into the gulf of
Obskaiain lon. 72° 24' E. Lat. 68° N.
Oich, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which runs
from Loch Oich into Loch Ness.
Oickel, r. Scotland, which falls into the head of
the frith of Dornoch.
Oies, Madame aux, small isl. in the St. Law-
rence, Lower Canada, at the entrance into Lake
St. Peter.
Oignon, small r. France, which falls into the
Saone, near Pontarlier.
Oil Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the Allegha-
ny, 6 m. E. Franklin. On the top of the spring
from which it issues, floats an oil, of which many
gallons may be collected in a day. The oil has
valuable medicinal properties.
Oil creek, p-t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 340.
Oil Spring, p-v. Cataraugus co. N. Y.
Oinare, r. Venezuela, which runs into the Car-
ribean sea, in lat. 10° 5' N.
Oirsbeck, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m. N
E. Maestricht. Pop. 800.
Oirschot, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 14
m. S. Bois-le-Duc, 22 E. S. E. Breda. Pop. 4,900.
- Oisconsin. See Ouisconsin.
Oise, department, in the N. of France, on the
river Oise. Extent, 2,400 sq. miles. Pop. nearly
390,000. Beauvais is the capital,
Oise, r. N. E. of France, which rises near the
Belgic frontier, flows in a S. W, direction, and
falls into the Seine at Conflans St. Honorine. It
communicates with the Somme by means of a ca-
nal, and gives name to two departments, the Oise,
and the Seine-and-Oise.
Oisemont, t. France, in Somme, 21 m. W,
Amiens. Pop. 1,100.
Oitos, a narrow and difficult pass of the Carpa-
thian mountains, between Moldavia and the dis-
trict of Ilaromszck, in Transylvania, through
which flows a river called also Oitos.
Ojeren, lake, Norway, in Aggerhuus, 10 m. E.
Christiania. It is 24 miles long, but only 2 wide.
Ojibar, t. Quito, in Guayaquil, 23 leagues from
Quito.
Oka, a navigable r. Eu. Russia, which joins the
Wolga, at Niznei-Novgorod.
Oka, small r. A. Russia, which falls into th«;
OLD
O L I>
537
Angara, near Bratskoi, in lou. lOl"' 40' E. lat. 56"
3'N.
Okefonoco, or Eokefanoke, or Ouaquaphe7iogair,
or Ekanfanoka, or Okerfonoke, or Okefaunocav^ or
Ecunfinocau, or Oke-Jin-o-cuu, a swamp, 180 miles
in circumference, lying partly in Georgia, and
partly in Florida. St. Mary's river rises in this
swamp, in lat. 30" 34' 48" jN.; and another river,
called the Suwaney, issues from it on the S. W.
Oke-lock-onne, r. which rises in the southern
part of Georgia, and running S. falls into Appa-
lachy bay, in lat. 30" 10' N. Ion. 84" 25' ^V.
Okerali, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 87" 15'
E. Lat. 23" 28' N.
Okfiotzk, one of the four circles in the govern-
ment of Irkoutsk, in Asiatic Russia. It extends
along the seas of Okhotzk, Kamtschatka, and An-
adir. The town of Okhotzk is on a long and narrow
ridge, inclosed between the sea and the river Ok-
hota, and contains only about 130 houses. It is
supported by being the channel of trade between
Irkoutsk and Kamtschatka. Lon. 142" 44' E. Lat.
59" 20' N.
Okhotzk, Sea of, a large gulf of the Eastern
ocean, inclosed between Kamtschatka, the circle
of Okhotzk, pEirt of Chinese Tartary, and Sag-
halien.
Oki, isl. Japan, about 60 miles in circumfer-
ence, near the N. W. coast of Niphon.
Olaia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia. It has an
extensive salt mine, capable of producing about
20,000 tons of salt yearly. 100 m. S. S. W. Jassy.
Okopi, V. Austrian Poland, at the confluence of
the Podgorze and the Dniester.
Oksa, t. Poland, 46 m. N. by E. Cracow.
Okuneio, fort, A. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Je-
nisei, 220 m. N. Tourouchansk.
Okuneusk, t. A. Russia, 220 m. S. W. Tobolsk.
Olargues, t. France, in Jlerault, 17 m. X. W.
Beziers. Pop. 1,000.
Olbersdorf, t. Austrian States, 7 m. N. W. Ja-
gerndorf. Pop. 1,700.
Otbruck, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 9 m. N. W. Andernach.
Olschamkaia, fort, A. Russia, 177 m. S.E. Oren-
burg.
Old bridge, p-v. Middlesex co. N. J.
Olde, t. Prussian States, 23 m. E. S. E. Munster.
Pop. 1,000.
Oldeboorn, r. Netherlands, in Friesland, 12 m.
S. S. E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 1,100.
Oldebroek, v. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 10 m.
S.W. ZwoUe. Pop. 1,400.
Oldenburg, a grand duchy in the N. W. of Ger-
many, consisting of several scattered portions of
territory. The principal part is Oldenburg prop-
er, a tract of country bounded N. by the German
ocean; E. W. and even S. by the kingdom of
Hanover. The grand duke possesses also the
principality of Eutin, formerly the bishopric of
Lubeck, situated in Ilolstein, and the lordship of
Birkenfeld, ceded to him by Prussia, out of the
territory on the Rhine. The extent and popula-
tion of his states are as follows : — Grand duchy of
Oldenburg proper, including the county of Del-
menhorst, and the lordships of V'arel, J ever, and
Kniphausen, 2,250 sq. miles, with 178,000 inhab-
itants ; principality of Eutin or Lubeck, 200 sq.
miles, with 20,000 inhabitants ; lordship of Bir-
kenfeld, 170 sq. miles, with 20,000 inhabitants;
total 2,620 sq. miles, and 218,000 inhabitants.
The revenue is computed at 150,000/. sterling.
The grand duchv proper consist" almost entirely
68
of level ground, and in some places on the coast,
is so low, that it requires large dikes, as in Hol-
land, to prevent inundations. The prevailing
religion is the Lutheran ; but there are also Cal-
vinists and Catholics. The grand duke is a mem-
ber of the Germanic body. In the administratioa
of his territories, he is as yet (1^20) uncontroled,
having delayed to convoke a representative assem-
bly, though bound to do so by the articles of the
Germanic confederation in 1815. In 1810, he was
expelled from all his possessions, by Bonaparte ;
but after the battle of Leipsicin 1813, he return-
ed, and at the congress of V'ienna received the
title of grand duke.
Oldenburg, t. Germany, cap. of the grand d uchy
of the same name, on the Hunte, 82 m. W. N. W.
Hanover, 76 W. S. W. Hamburgh. It is fortified,
and has two suburbs, and a mansion occupied by
the grand duke. Lon. 8" 11' E. Lat. 53° 8' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Oldenburg, t. Prussian States, 18 m. E. N. E.
Paderborn.
Olden/mrg, t. Denmark, in the duchy of Hol-
stein, 32 m. N. by E. Lubeck. Pop. 1,100.
Oldcndorf, t. Germany, on the Weser, 23 m. S.
W. Hanover. Pop. 1,300.
Oldendorf, v. Hanover, on the Ilm, 21 m. N. by
W. Gottingen. Pop. 900.
Oldendorf, t. Germanv, in Brunswick, 15 m. E.
S. E. Pyrmont. Pop. 1, 600.
Oldensuorlk, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, 4 m. N.
Tonningen. Pop. 1,200.
Oldenzaal, t. Netherlands, in Over3'S3el, 30 ra.
N. E. Zutphen. Pop. 2, 100.
Oldersam, or Oldersheim, t. Hanover, on the
Ems, 6 m. E. by S. Embdeu.
Oldesloe, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Trave,
15 m. W^jLubec, 23 N. E. Hamburgh. Pop. 1,700.
Here arjgjealt- works on a very large scale.
OldJ^m, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on a branch of
the Medlock, near its source. It has increased
very rapidly within the last 50 years, and an im-
mense number of manufactories have been estab-
lished in it, the above streams being favourable to
their erection, and coal being abundant in the
neiglibourhooil. The manufactures consist chiefly
of fustians and hats, and cotton spinning. Pop.
16,930. 7i m. N. E. Manchester, 183 N, W.
London. Lon. 2" 7' VV. Lat. 53" 33' N.
Oldhamnllc, t. Knox co. Ken. on Wood creek, a
branch of Rock-castle river.
Old Head of Kinsale, cape, on the S. coast of
Ireland, in Cork co. 6 m. S. Kinsale. Lon. 8° 30"
W. Lat. 51" 37' N.
Oldisleben, t. Germanv, in Saxe- Weimar, 25 m.
N.Weimar. Fop. 800.'
Oldland, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 5 m. E. S. E.
Bristol. Pop. 3,641.
Old Man^s Bay, bay, on the S. coast of New-
foundland, 80 m. E. Cape Ray.
Old Man's creek, r. N. J. which runs into Dela-
ware river, 4 m. below Penn's creek. It sepa-
rates Salem and Gloucester counties.
Old Road Town, t. St. Christopher, 5 m. W.
Basse Terre. Lon. 62" 48' W. Lat. 17" 25' N.
Old Salt House, p-v. Lincoln co. Ten.
Old Sheshequin, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa.
Old Town, or Indian Old Town, isl. and t. of
about 200 acres, Penobscot co. Maine, in Penob-
scot river, just above 31arsh island. Here are
about 300 Indians, with a church and a priest.
Old Town, See Edgarlown.
Old Town. See i-kiplov, Md.
538
O L
O L P
Old Town, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. fr. ChilH-
cothe.
Old Town Creek, r. N. C. which runs into the
W. side of Cape J'ear river, near its mouth.
Olean, (pronounced O-le ann,) p-t. Cataraugus
CO. N. Y. on the Alleghany, 260 m. by water N. E.
Pittsburg, 130 S. W. Cayuga bridge. In this
town is the village of Hamilton, which see.
Olean, or Oil Creek, r. Cataraugus co. N. Y.
•which runs into the Alleghany, at Hamilton.
Oleggio, or Oleszo, t. Sardinian states, 23 m. W.
by N. Milan.
Olekma, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which runs
N. nearly 600 miles, and falls into the Lena.
Olehninsk, fort and t. A. Russia, about 9 m. fr.
the mouth of the Olekma, 692 N. E. Irkoutsk.
Olenei-J^os, cape, Eu. Russia, on the White
sea, 70 m. N. Archangel.
Olenek, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Frozen
ocean, in Ion. 119° E. lat. 73° N.
Oltout, r. Delaware co. N. Y. which runs into
the Susquehannah.
Oleron, isl. on the S. W. coast of France, oppo-
site the mouth of the Charente, 20 miles long.
Extent, nearly 100 sq. miles. It is tolerably fer-
tile, producing considerable quantities of corn
and wine. Its most northerly point is in Ion. 1"
irW.lat. 45°46'N.
Oleron, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 14 m. S.
W. Pau, 45 S. E. Bayonne. Pop. 5,500. It has
manufactures of cotton stuffs, stockings, and caps;
also extensive dye-works.
Oletle, or Auletle, t. France, in Eastern Pyre-
nees, 7 m. S. W. Prades, 15 N. Campredon. Pop.
1,000.
Oley, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,284.
Olgiate, t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. N. W. Milan.
Olgopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Podolia, 148 m. E. S.
E. Kamminiec.
Olgiin. See Dulcigno.
Oliapore, t. Bengal, iii Baharbund. Lon. 89°
42' E. Lat. 25° 22' N.
Olibato, or Libatta, r. W. Africa, which runs
Into the Atlantic, 36 m. E. Cape Lopez Gonsalvo.
Oliergue, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 26 m. E.
S. E. Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 1,800.
OlifanCs River, r. S. Africa, runs through the
E. part of the territoiy of the Cape of Good
Hope, and falls into the Gauritz.
Olifanfs River, r. S. Africa, which falls into
the Atlantic, 200 m. N. Cape Town.
Olikan, small isl. A. Russia, in the Peuzinskoi
sea. Lou. 156° 36' E. Lat. 60° 26' N.
Olinda. See Pernambuco.
Olita, t. Russian Lithuania, on the Niemen, 37
m. S. W. Troki.
Olite, t. Spain, in Navarre, formerly the resi-
dence of the kings of Navarre, 23 m. S. Pampelu-
na, 20 S. W. Sanguessa. Pop. 1,200.
Olii-a, v. West Prussia, 4 m. W. Dantzic, re-
markable for a treaty of peace concluded here in
1660, between the Swedes and Poles.
Oliva, t. Spain, in Valencia, 36 m. S. Valencia.
Lon. 4" 7' E. Lat. 39° N. Pop. 5,000.
Olii-ares, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. E. Val-
ladolid, 90 N. Madrid.
Olive's Island, small isl. off the S. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 133° 53' E. Lat. 32° 46' S.
Olivenza, or Olivenca, fortified t. on the W.
frontier of Spain, in Estremadura, on the river
Olivenza, which falls into the Guadiana, 9 m. N.
E. of the town. It belonged to Portugal, until it
was ceded to Spain, at the treaty of Badajoz, in
1801. The congress of Vienna, in 1815, recom-
mended its restoration, but hitherto (1820) with-
out effect. Pop. 4,500. 15 m. S. E. Elvas, 42 S-
Evora.
Olirerian, r. N. H. which runs iuto Connecti-
cut river, at Haverhill.
Olivet, or St. Martin d' Olivet, t. France, in Loi-
ret, 3 m. S. Orleans. Pop. 3,100.
Oliveto, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 45 m. N. E
Policastro. Pop. 6,000.
Olivetoicn, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Olkujsz, t. Poland, 16 m. N. W. Cracow.
Olleria, t. Spain, in Valencia, 5 m. S. San Fe-
lippe. Pop. 4,000.
Olleros, Point, cape and harbor on the coast oi
Peru. Lat. 14" 36' S.
Ollerton, t. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 19 m. N.
N. E. Nottingham. Pop. 462.
Olliero, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the
Brenta, a few miles above Bassano.
Ollioules, t. France, in Var, 4 m. W. Toulon.
Pop. 2,600.
Olmedo, t. Spain, in Valladolid, 20 m. S. Valla-
dolid. Pop. 2,000.
Olmeto, t. Corsica, 9 m. S. W. Bastia. Pop.
1,600.
Olmutt, a circle in the Austrian province of Mo-
ravia. Area 2,020 sq. miles. Pop. 347,300.
Olmulz, or Holomauts, t. Austrian states, in Mo-
ravia, cap. of the above circle. It stands on the
March, by which it is almost surrounded : it is
strongly fortified, and well built. The university
was removed to Brunn in 1778, and its place sup-
plied by a lyceum. It has several manufactories,
particularly tanneries. Pop. 11,000. 130 m. E.
by S. Prague, 100 N. N. E. Vienna. Lon. 17° 9
E. Lat. 49° 33' N.
OlneT/, t. Eng. in Buckingham co. Lace-making
is the cliief employment of the inhabitants. The
residence of Cowper, the poet, was about a mile
from this town ; and many of his finest descrip-
tions are drawn from the contiguous scenery. 12
m. S. E. Northampton, 56 N. W. London. Lon.
0" 41' W. Lat. 52" 9' N. Pop. 2,268.
Olona, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the Po.
W. of Placentia.
Olonei, isl. Eu. Russia, near the S. coast of Nova
Zembla. Lon. 58° 29' E. Lat. 70° 30' N.
Olonrtz, a very extensive goverement in the N.
of Eu. Russia, lying S. of that of Archangel, and
E. of Finland, between 29° 40' and 40" 20' E. lon.
and 59" 40' and 65" 38' N. lat. Area, 87,500 square
miles. Pop. 282,000. Timber, with the product
of the mines and quarries, viz. iron, marble, and
vitriol, form the chief exports.
Olonets, t. Eu. Russia, 84 m. N. E. St. Peters-
burg, on the Olonza, near the great lake Ladoga.
Lon. 32" 58' E. Lat. 60° 23' N. Pop. 2,800.
Olonne, t. France, in I^a Vendee, on the sea
coast, with a harbour. 5 m. N. E. Sables d'Ol-
onne. Lon. 1" 47' 50" W. Lat. 46° 29' 52" N. Pop.
1,700.
Olonzac, t. France, in Herault, 65 m. S. Mont-
pel ier. Pop. 900.
Olot, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 20 m. W. N. W.
Gerona. It has a variety of manufactures, viz.
silk, woollen, and cotton stockings ; rateens, ser-
ges, and coarse woollen stuffs; cottons, cotton
j'arn, leather and soap. Po; - 16,tHK).
Olpnr, small district and t. Hind, ia Gujerat, be-
longing to the British. The town is in lon. 73° 1'
E. lat. 21" 18' N.
O M O
ONE
539
0/pe, t. Prussian States, 15 m. N. by W, Siegen.
Pop. 1,600.
Olphen, t. Prussian States, 17 m. S. S. W. Mun-
ster. Pop. 1,000.
OUen, t. Switz. on the Aar, 20 m. E. N. E. So-
leure. Pop. 1,300.
Olvenstadt, v. Prussian Saxony, 3 m. N. W.
Magdeburg. Pop. 1,100.
Olviopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the Bog,
124 m. N. W. Cherson. Pop. 2,700.
Olyka, t. Russian Poland, in Volhynia, 20 m. E.
Lucko. Pop. 3,600.
Olympia, t. Greece, in the Morea, on the Al-
pheus..
Olympian Springs, p-v. Bath co. Ken.
Olympus, a celebrated mountain, Eu. Turkey,
in Thessaly, separated from Ossa, by the famous
Vale of Tempe, and about 20 m. N. Larissa. Its
elevation is about 6,000 feet.
Olympus, Mount, a remarkable mountain on the
N. W. coast of America, in Ne%v Albion. Lat.
AT 10' N.
Om, r. Tobolsk, in A. Russia, which, after a W.
course of about 500 miles, falls into the Irtysch.
Omagh, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, 14 m. S. Strabane,
22 N. E. Enniskillen.
Omagua, t. Quito, on the N. shore of the Ama-
zons. Lat. 4" 9' 17" S.
Oman. See Ommon.
Omara, r. Bi-azil, which runs into the Atlantic,
in lat. 5° S.
Omasuyos, province, Peru, bounded N. and N.
VV. by Asangaro, N. E. and E. by Larecaja, S. by
the city of La Paz, and W. by Lake Titicaca.
Fop. 45,000.
Ombo, or Koum Ombo, v. Upper Egypt, distin-
guished by the remains of two temples. Lon. 32"
5'E. Lat. 24"^ 27 'N.
Ombay, isl. in the Eastern seas, between 8° and
9° S. lat. It is 45 miles long from E. to W. and about
13 broad. 20 m. W. Timor.
Ombrone, r. Italy, in Tuscany, which falls into
the Mediterranean near Grossetto.
Omeerseer, t. Hind, in Cutch. Loo, not ascer-
tained. Lat. 23' 43' N.
Omercwn/Mcfrjdistrict and t.Hind. in Gundwaneh.
Thejtown is one of the celebrated places of Hindoo
pilgrimage, being near the sources of the three
great rivers, the Soane, Nerbuddah, and Mahan-
uddy, Lon. 82° 15' E. Lat. 22° 53' N.
Omerpore, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 77° 10' E.
Lat. 20° 23' N.
Ommaney, Cafe, the S. extremity of King
George the Third's Archipelago. Lon. 225° 37^'
E. LaL 56° 10*N.
Ommen, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 14 m. E.
ZwoUe. Pop. 800.
Ommoti, an extensive division of Arabia, com-
prising the coast that extends from its eastern ex-
tremity to the entrance of the Persian gulf. Situ-
ated, as it were, in the meeting point between In-
dia, Arabia, and Persia, Ommon has been always
a species of depot for the commodities of these re-
spective countries. The natives are the best navi-
gators of Arabia. Rostak is the residence of
the Imam ; but Maskat is the place through which
the country is chiefly known to Europeans.
Omo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E.
coast of Amboyna. Lon. 128" 51' E. Lat. 3° 31' S.
Omoa, or St. Francisco de Omoa, s-p. and fort,
Mexico, in Honduras. The fort was taken in
1779 by the British, but was soon afterwards reta-
ken by the Spaniards. It is considered the key of
Honduras. Lon. 89° 53' VV. Lat. 15° 50' N.
Omolone, r. Irkoutsk, in A. Russia, which falls
into the Kolyma, after a course of about 250 miles.
Omonphon, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the coast of Samar. Lon. 125° 45' E. Lat. 1 1°
r N.
Omonville, Fort, small fort, France, 8 ra. W. N.
W. Cherburg. Lon. 1° 44' W. Lat. 49° 43' N.
Ompomponoosuc, r. Vt. which, after a course of
40 or 50 miles, runs into Connecticut river at Nor-
wich.
Omrahpoora. See Ummerapocra.
Omrattce, t. Hind, in Berar, belonging to the Ni-
zam. Lon. 78" 20' E. Lat. 20" 59' N .
Omree, t. Hind, in Berar, belonging to the Ni-
zam. Lon. 77" 64' E. Lat. 21° 7' N.
Omsk, t. A. Russia, at the junction of the Om
with the Irtysch. A regular and strong fortress
has been erected, intended as a barrier against
the Kirghises. Lon. 74° 54' E. Lat. 55" 4' N. Pop.
800.
Omudwara, district, Hind, in Malwah, between
24" and 25° N. lat. It belongs to the Mahrattas.
On, in Sac. Geog. a beautiful valley of Syria, in
the pachalic of Damascus, still celebrated for its
pleasantness ; also a city of Egypt. See Mala-
ria.
Onate, i. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 23 m. N. E. Vit-
toria. Pop. 2,100.
Onatela, or St. Pedro, one of the Marquis of
Mendoza's islands, 5 leagues E. Ohittahoo, and as
much to the S. of Ohevahoa. It is about 3 leagues
in circuit. Lon. 138° 56' E. Lat. 9° 55' S.
Onda, t. Spain, in Valencia, 17 m. E. by N. Se-
gorbe. Pop. 4,500.
Oneefiow, one of the Sandwich islands in the Pa-
cific ocean, 40 m. in cii-cumference. Lon. 199°
45° E. Lat. 21° 50' N. Pop. 10,000.
Onega, a lake of Eu. Russia, in the government
of Olonetz, E. of the still larger lake of Ladoga. It
is 130 miles long. Like Ladoga, it contains seve-
ral islands. The Svir, a navigable stream, joins
these two lakes.
Onega, r.Eu. Russia, which falls into the White
sea, in a gulf to which it gives name.
Onega, t. Eu. Russia, on the White sea, at the
mouth'of the river Onega. 80 m. S. S. W. Arch-
angel. Lon. 37" 53' E. Lat. 63" 53' N.
Oneglia, t. Italy, in the Sardinian states, cap. of
the Piedmontese province of the same name. It
has a small harbour ; also a traftic in wine, fruit,
and olive oil. 36 m. E. N. E. Nice, 55 S. W. Ge-
noa. Lon. 8° 4' E. Lat. 43° 55' N.
Oneglia, Cape, Italy, in Genoa. Lon. 7" 54' E.
Lat. 43° 53' N.
Oneida, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lewis co. E.
by Herkimer co. S. by Madison co. and W. by Os-
wego CO. Pop. 33,828. Chief towns, Utica and
Rome.
Oneida castle, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Oneida, Lake, chiefly in Oneida county N. Y. 20
miles long and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek
at the east end, and communicates with Lake On-
tario by Oswego river.
Oneida creek, v. N. Y. which runs N. into Onei-
da lake. It is 25 miles long, and affords good mill
seats.
Onemack, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
America. Lat. 56° N.
Onery, one of the smaller Friendly islands, near
the N. coast of Tongataboo, 5 m. N. E. Observatory
point.
549
O N T
O O T
Onei/f r. Eng. in Herefordshire, which runs into
the Lug, at Leominster.
Ongar. See Chipping Ongar.
Ongole, district, Hind. iutheCarnatic, between
15° and 16" N. lat. belonging since 1781 to the Brit-
ish. Ongole, the capital, is in Ion. 80° 1' E. lat.
15°31'N.
Ongologur, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 85" 20' E.
Lat. 20° 36' N.
Onil, t. Spain, in Valencia, 8 m. E. Villena.
Pop. 2^400.
Onion, r. Vt. which passes by Montpelier, and
runs into Lake Champlain, 4 m. N. W. Burling-
ton. It is one of the finest rivers of Vermont. It
is navigable 3 miles for small vessels, and for boats
40 miles to the falls, where it is 15 or 20 rods wide.
Between Colchester and Burlington it has worn
through a solid rock of limestone, forming a chasm
70 or 80 feet deep ; and at Bolton there is another
chasm at least 1 20 feet deep.
O7ion, r. A. Russia, on the frontier of Cliinese
Tartary. It rises in a mountainous country, and
flows N. E. till, combined with the Ingoda, it forms
the Chilka, which discharges itself into the Amour.
Onondaga, co. N. Y. bounded .N. by Oswego co.
E. by Madison co. S. by Cortlandt co. and W. by
Cayuga co. Pop. 26,072. Chief town, Onondaga.
Onondaga, Tp-t. and cap. Onondaga co. N. Y. 149
m. W.Albany. Pop. 3,745. It has 2 villages, Onon-
daga hollow, where there are a printing-office,
an academy and church, and a State arsenal ; and
West hill, which is 2 m. W. and contains the coun-
ty buildings. Gypsum is abundant itt this town.
Onondaga Lake, in Onondaga co. N. Y. 6 miles
long. It communicates with Seneca river. On its
bor'ers arc the celebrated Salt Springs, the largest
and strongest in America. See Salina.
Onore, s-p. Hind, in Canara, 46 m. N. W. Bed-
nore, 80 S. S. E. Goa. Lon. 74° 12' E. Lat. 14°
13' N.
Onrust, small isl. near the coast of Java, fortified
by the Dutch. 9 m. N. W. Batavia. Pop. 3,000.
Ons, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Spain. Lon. S° 65' W. Lat. 42" 23' N.
OtlsIow, t. Halifax co. Nova Scotia, at the head
of the basinof Minas,35 m. N. E. Windsor, 46 N.
by \V. Halifax.
Onslow, CO. in the S. part of N. Carolina, on tlie
co?st. Pop. 6,669, including 2,299 slaves. Chief
town, Swansborough. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Ontanagon, r. North-West Territory, which ri-
ses in the mountainous country between Lake Su-
perior and Michigan, and after a course of 120 miles
flows into Lake Superior, 320 m. W. of the St.
Mary's rivcT*, 50 W. of Keweena tjoint. It is the
largest river which flows into the Lake between
Point Iroquois and the Fond du Lac. There is
only a short portage between its head waters and
the Menominie, which falls into Green bay, and the
Chippeway, a tributary of the river Mississippi.
The Ontanagon has long been noted for the large
masses of copper on its banks. A strip of alluvial
land extends 3 or 4 miles up tlie river, and is then
succeeded by a wild and hilly country, in which
are the noted copper mines, 32 rniles from the
Lake. The large mass of native copper is on the
W. bank of theriver, at the water'sedge, imbedded
in a rock of about 5 tons weight, and the quan-
tity of metallic copper in it is estimated by Mr.
Schoolcraft at 2,200 lbs.
Onlario, Lake, one of the greatest lakes of N.
America, lying between New- York and Upper
Canada. It is 171 miles in length, 59^ in its great.
est breadth, and 467 in circumference. The
depth of water varies very much, but is seldom
less than 3 or more than 50 fathoms. It receives
the waters of Lake Erie through Niagara river
near its S. W. extremity, and discharges itself into
the ocean, through the river St. Lawrence, which
issues from it at its N. E. extremity. The shores
towards the N. E. are low, with many marshy pla-
ces ; to the N. and N. W. they assume a lofty
character, but subside again to a very moderate
height on the south. All the rivers which flow in-
to the lake have a sandy bar across the entrance,
but there are some fine bays and inlets. Burling-
ton bay is both spacious and secure, but the en-
trance is so shallow as to admit nothing but boats.
York and Kingston harbours, belonging to the
English, and Sackett's harbour to the Americans,
are unquestionably the best upon the lake. The
two latter are strongly fortified, being the arsenals
where ships of war of the first rate were construc-
ted during the late war. Very heavy squalls of
wind frequently occur on the lake, but unattended
with danger where the usual precautions are used.
Ontario, co. N. Y. lately divided. Including the
new county, it is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E.
by Seneca co. S. by Steuben co. and W. by Gene-
see river, which separates it from Genesee co.
Pop. 42,026, Chief town, Canandaigua.
Ontario, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario,
20. m. N. Canandaigua. Pop. 904.
Ontiniente, t. Spain, in Valencia, 30 m. N. N.W.
Alicante. Pop. 11,700.
Ontoria, t. Spain, in Asturia, 45 m. E. N. E.
Oviedo.
Onis, t. Spain, in Asturia, 41 m. E. Oviedo.
Onye, t. Hind, in Guzerat, 40 m. S. E. Surat.
Onza, r. Africa, in Congo, which runs into the
Atlantic at Mossula, 140 m S. of the Zaire. Lat.
8° 10' S. It is too shallow for navigation.
Onzate, t. Italy, 5 m. S. S. W. Brescia.
Onzain, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 10 m. S.
W. Blois.
Onzella, r. Spain, which runs into the Aragon,
at Sanguesa.
Oobenn, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120° 22' E. Lat. 6° N.
Ood, t. Sweden, 41 m. N. E. Gotheborg.
Oodapour, t. Bengal, 16 m. E. Comillah.
Oodeadargam, t. Hind, in Mysore, 31 ni. S. E.
Bangalore, 73 S. Seringapatam.
Ook-tib-be-ha creek, r. U. S. in Mississippi, which
runs into the Tombigbee from the W. near lat. 33"
20' N . and lon. 88" 3' W. There is another river of
this name in the same state which runs into the
Chickasawbay, a principal branch of the Pasca-
goula.
Oolandoor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. W.
S. W. IVivadi.
Oo/par, t. Hind, in Guzerat, 10 m. N. Surat.
OonaUhka, or Unalshka, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
the largest of those called the Aleutian or Fox isl-
ands. Lon. 169° W. Lat. 54° N.
Oondapalty, t. Bengal in Baglana, 13 m, S. No-
assuck.
Oonemak, or Uniak, one of the Fox islands in
the Pacific, between Oonelashka and Alashka,
about 200 miles in circumference. Lon. 194° 30'
to 196° 40' E. Lat. 54° 20' to 55° 15' N.
Oood, one of the smaller Friendly islands, 12 m.
N. N. E. Anamooka.
Oostenalah, r. Georgia, in the Cherokee country,
which joins the Etowah to form Coosa river.
Ootampaliam, t. Hind, in Dindigul, 30 m. S.S.
W. Dindigul, 68 N. N. W. Palamcotta.
O P P
O R A
541
Ootatore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 22 m. N. W
Tanjore, 80 S. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 78° 58' E
Lat.43"N.
Oparo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, discovered by-
Vancouver in 1791. It is 6i miles long, and 18 in
circumference. It is rugged and mountainous,
yet is estimated to contain 1,500 inhabitants. Lon.
144''ll'W.Lat.27°36'S.
Opatow, t. Poland, in Sandomirz, 16 m. W N.
VV. Sandomirz. Pop. 2,800.
Opelousas, co. in the S. W. part of Louisiana.
Opdousas, p-t. and cap. Opelousas co. Louisiana,
60 ni. VV. Baton Rouge.
Ophir, in Sac. Geog. a celebrated country from
which Solomon brought gold, precious stones, and
sandal wood, also silver, elephant's teeth, apes, and
peacocks. On the supposition that these articles
were the products of Ophir, some former writers
have considered it a country of India, and others a
country of Africa. But it is now more properly
regarded agreeably to Gen. x. 29, as a country of
Arabia, to which these products were brought by
traffic, probably from the E. coast of Africa, and it
has lately been shown that there is a town in Om-
mon called El Ophir, the centre of a very brisk
trade which was formerly carried on here.
Ophir, mountain of Sumatra, under the Equa-
tor, 14,000 feet above the level of the sea.
Oporto, ciiy, Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-Minho,
on the river Duero, about 3 miles from its mouth,
150 m. N. Lisbon, 49 N. Coimbra. Lon. 8" 19' W^.
Lat. 41" 9' N. Pop. variously estimated from
35,000 to 70,000. The river forms a barred har-
bour, the entrance of which is difficult and dan-
gerous, and requires a pilot and great care to avoid
the rocks and sand-banks ; and on this account it
is so secure, that the Portuguese government have
but partially fortified it. The road is spacious,
and will contain a large fleet.
The town is on an uneven ground, but the streets
are clean and well paved. Next to Lisbon it is the
most populous, wealthy, and commercial town in
Portugal. The principal trade is in wine, of which
upwards of 80,000 pipes are exported annually.
Its commerce increased after the earthquake at
Lisbon, before that time the population being esti-
mated at only 20,000. Here are 12 churches, 9
hospitals, 12 convents, and a naval arsenal.
Oppau. See Troppau.
Oppeln, a district of the Prussian States, in Si-
lesia, containing 5,324 square miles, and 604,000
inhabitants.
Oppeln, the capital of the above district, is on
the Oder, 45 m. S. E. Breslau, 75 N. N. E. 01-
mutz. Lon. 17" 58' E. Lat. 50" 35' N. Pop. 3,500.
It contains a castle, hospital, and several churches.
Oppenau, t. Germany, in Baden, 13 m. E. Stras-
burg. Pop. 1,528.
Oppenheim, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse, on the Rhine, 9 m. S. E. Mentz, 36 N. N.
W. Heidelberg. Lon. 8" 20' E. Lat. 49" 51' N.
Pop 2,100. It was formerly imperial. It has con-
siderable trade in wine.
Oppenheim, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
N. side of the Mohawk, 15 m. W. Johnstown, 56
W. Albany. Pop. 2,693.
Oppido, (an. Mamertum,) t. Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, 27 m N. E. Reggio. Lon. 16" 23' E. Lat.
38" 18' N. Pop. 2,400. It was destroyed by an
earthquake in 1783, in which 1,200 of the inhabi-
tants perished. The present town is 3 miles from
the former. It is a bishop's see.
Opps, v. Northampton co. Pa. 6 m. S. E. Bethle-
hem.
Opsoe, t. Austrian States, in Istria, 7 m. E. N. E-
Capo d' Istria.
Opturgiuvi. See Oderzo.
Opus, isl. Dalmatia, at the mouth of the Na-
venza.
Oquago, p-v. in Windsor, Broome co. N. Y. on
Delaware river, 16 m. E. Binghampton.
Or, r. Eng in Suffolk, which runs into the Ger-
man ocean, a little below Oxford.
Oran, t. Algiers, 170 m. S. W. of the city of Al-
giers. Lon. 0" 28' W. Lat. 35" 50' N. It is built
on the declivity and near the foot of a high moun-
tain, and is protected by several castles. In the
year 1509 it was taken by the Spaniards, and re-
mained in their possession till 1708. It is a place
of great strength, as well by nature as by art. In
1790, Oran was almost destroyed by an earth-
quake, in which 2,000 persons perished, and little
of the town, besides the outer walls were left stand-
ing.
Oran, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ^
Orange, t. France, in Vaucluse. Lon. 4° 48' E.
Lat. 44" 8' N. Pop. 7,270. A university was
founded here in 1365 by the emperor Charles V.
In 1622, Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange,
caused the castle to be well fortified ; but in 1660
the fortifications, and in 1673, the castle itself were
razed by order of Louis XIV.
Orange, formerly Cardigan, t. Grafton co. N. H.
14 m. S. W. Plymouth. Pop. 229.
Orange, co. Vt. bounded N. by Washington and
Caledonia cos. E. by Connecticut river, S. by
Windsor co. and W. by Addison co. Pop. 25,247.
Chief towns, Newbury and Randolph.
Orange, t. Orange co. Vt. 13 m. S. E. Montpelier.
Pop. 686.
Orange, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Sullivan and
Ulster COS. E. by Hudson river, S. by Rockland
CO. and New-Jersey, and W. by Pennsylvania and
Sullivan co. Pop. 34,347. Chief towns, Goshen
and Newburgh.
Orange, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson.
It was formerly part of the township of Half-Moon,
and was incorporated as a town in 1816.
Orange, p-t. Essex co. N. J. adjoining Newark.
Pop. 2,266. Here is an academy.
Orange, co. in the Central part of Va. Pop.
12,323, including 6,516 slaves. Chief town, Stan-
nardsville. At the court-house is a post-office.
Orange, co. in the N. part of N. C. Pop. 20, 135,
including 4,701 slaves. Chief town, Hillsbo-
rough.
Orange, p-t. Athens co. Ohio.
Orange, t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Orange, p-v. Trumbull co. Ohio.
Orange, co. Indiana. It is watered by White
river and the Petoka. Chief town, Paoli.
Orange river, S. Africa, which rises in the E.
part of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and
after a westerly course of about 600 miles, runs
into the Atlantic,' in lat. 28" 30' S.
Orange springs, or Gum springs, p-v. Orange
CO. Va.
Orangeburg, district, S. C. on the N. E. side of
the North Edisto river, 79 m. N. W. Charleston.
Pop. 13,229, including 6,564 slaves.
Orangeburg, p-t. and cap. Orangeburg district,
S. C. on North Edisto river, 40 m. S. S. W. Co-
lumbia, 77 N. N. W. Charleston. It contains a
court-house and jail, an academy, and about 20
houses.
Orangetown, t. Washington co. Maine, 19 m. E.
Machias.
Orangdoun, t. Rocklaad co. N. Y. 28 m. N.
542
ORE
U R 1
New York, 142 S. Albany. Pop. 1,583. . It con-
tains 2 churches, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for
Baptists, an academy, and several mills,
Oranienbaum, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau,
6 m. S. E. Dessau, 10 W. S. W. Wittenberg. Lon.
12° 28' E. Lat. 51° 48' N. Pop. 1,560.
Oranienbaum, t. Russia, on the gulf of Finland,
20 m. W. Petersburgh. Lon. 29" 26' E. Lat. 59°
52' N.
Oranienburg, t. Prussian States, in Branden-
burg, on the Havel, 18 m. N. Berlin, 28 N. N. E.
Potsdam. Lon. 13" 19' E. Lat. 52" 45' N. Pop.
2,000.
Oransay, one of the smaller Hebrides, S. of Co-
lonsa, from which it is separated by a narrow
strait. Lou. 6° 7' W. Lat 56° 4' N.
Orarne, small isl. on the W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17° 7' E. Lat. 60° 42' N.
Orb, r. France, which runs into the Mediterra-
nean, 8 m. below Beziers.
Orba, r. Italy, which runs into the Bormida, 3
m. below Alexandria.
Orbe, t. Bavaria, celebrated for its salt works,
26 m. E. Frankfort-on-the-Maine.
Orbe, t. Switz. in Berne, 5 m. S. W. Yverdun,
13 N. Lausanne. Pop. 2,000.
Orbec, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. S. E. Li-
seux, 30 E. S. E. Caen. Pop. 3,600.
Orbieu, r. France, which runs into the Aude, 5
m. N. W. Narbonne.
Orbiiello, t. in the Siennese, but belonging to
Naples, 65 m. N. W. Rome, 78 S. Florence. Lon.
1 1° 6' E. Lat. 42° 31' N. It is on the coast of the
Mediterranean, has a good harbor, and is well
fortified.
Orctlis. See Orihucla.
Orchies, t. France, dep. of the North, 9 m. S.
W. Tournay, 12 S. S. E. Lille. Pop. 2,778.
Orchilla, small isl. in the W. Indies, near the
coast of S. America. The land is low, and in the
form of a crescent or half moon. There is very
little fresh water on the island, and the only ani-
mals are goats and lizards. Lon. 66° 5' W. Lat.
1 1° 52' N.
Ordenbach, r. Prussian States, which runs into
the Rhine, 2 m. below Zons.
Ordingen, t. Germany, 32 m. N. N. W. Cologne.
Pop. 2,000.
Orduna, t. Spain, in Biscay, 42 m. S. W. St. Se-
bastian, 50 N. E. Burgos. Lon. 2° 57' W. Lat 42°
56' N. Pop. 2,000.
Orebro, t. Sweden, in a province of the same
name, on tlie Hielmar lake, 88 m. W. Stockholm.
Lon. 15" 13' E. Lat. 59° 17' N. Pop. 2,878. It is
fortified, and carries on considerable trade.
Oreehoua, one of the smaller Sandwich islands,
separated from Oneehow by a channel about a
mile broad. It is of small extent, and composed
of naked rock. Lon. 160° 8' W. Lat. 22° 2' N.
Oregon. See Columbia river.
Oregrund, s-p. Swetlen, 34 m. N. N. E. Upsal,
88 W. Stockholm. Lon. 1 8° 26' E . Lat. 60° 20' N.
It has been repeatedly destroyed by the Russians.
Orel, t Russia, on the Oka, 176 m. S. S. W.
Moscow, 464 S. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 35° 57'
E. Lat 52° 55' N. Pop. 15,524.
Orellana. See Amazons.
Orem. See Ourem.
Orenburg, t. A. Russia, and cap. of a govern-
ment to which it gives name, on the Ural, 250 m.
N. E. Astracan, 970 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 55°
6' E. Lat. 51° 46' N. It is the great thoroughlare
from Siberia to Eu. Russia, and a place of consid-
erable trade, The Scottish Missionary Society
have fixed upon Orenburg for one of their Mis-
sionary stations, as it afibrds opportunities of use-
fulness among the resident Mahometans, and those
who visit it for purposes of commerce, and has
ready access to the numerous Tartar tribes which
surround it on all sides. The New Testament
has been translated by one of the Missionaries into
the Orenburg Tartar.
Orense, city, Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho,
37 m. S. E. Compostella, 72 W. Astorga. Lon. 7°
53' W. Lat. 42" 25' N. Pop. 4,500. It is the see
of a bishop. It has warm springs, which are sal-
utary in several diseases.
Orford, t Eng. in Suffolk, 19 m. E. Ipswich, 89
N. E. London. Lon. 1° 31' W. Lat 52° 6' N.
Pop. 399. It sends two members to parliament.
Orford, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on the N. shore
of lake Erie, extending back to the river Thames.
Orford, p-t Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river. It contains 2 churches, and a pleasant vil-
lage of about 30 houses.
Orford JVess, cape, Eng. on the S. E. coast of
Norfolk. Lon. 1° 6' E. Lat. 52° 4' N.
Orford J\'ess, cape, on the E. coast of New Hol-
land.' Lon. 218° 9' W. Lat. 1 1° 15' N.
Orgelet, t. France, in Jura, 12 m. S. Lons le
Saunier, 20 S. Poligny. Lon. 5° 41' E. Lat. 45°
31' N. Pop. 1,224.
Organ, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, ou
the Durance, 17 m. E. Tarascon. Pop. 2,400.
Orson, r. Chinese Tartary, which runs into the
Sclingue, in lon. 106° 14' E. lat. 50" N.
Orin, or Oira, t. Naples, in Otranto, 45 m. N.
W. Otranto, 165 E. Naples. It is a bishop's see.
Orient, La, s-p. France, in Morbihan, 100 m.
S. W. Rennes, 180 W. Paris. Lon. 3° 16' W. Lat
47° 45' N. Pop. 17,837. It is at the bottom of a:
bay, at the mouth of the river Scorf. The harbor
is good, but not capable of receiving many ships
of war.
Origny, t. France, in Aisne, 8 m, E. St Quen-
tin. Pop. 2,400.
Orihuela, or Origuela, t. Spain, in Valencia, 26
m. S. W. Alicant, 31 N. Carthagena. Lon. 1°5'
W. Lat. 38° 7' N. Pop. 21,000. It is situated in
a fertile country, surrounded by high mountain?,
and is famous for tlie manufacture of curious snuff
boxes, out of the roots of the terebinthus. It is
the see of a bishop.
Orirwco, or Oronoco, r. S. America, which rises
in the mountains N. W. of lake Parima, in lat. 5°
N. and lon. 65° W. Its course, for the first 300
miles, is from N. to S. It then turns to the west,
and, after a course of 150 miles, receives the Ca-
siquiari from the south. From the Casiquiari it
continues its course westward to St. Fernando,
where it receives from the S. W. the Guaviari, a
very considerable river. Here it turns northward,
and, after receiving the Vichada from the west,
pours its waters down the cataract of Atures.
These cataracts completely obstruct the naviga-
tion of the river. They lie, according to Depons,
740 miles from the mouth of the Orinoco, and 760
from its source, in lat. 5° 40' N. and lon. 68° W.
Below the cataracts, 90 miles, it is enlarged by
the waters of the Meta, one of its principal tribu-
taries, which is 500 miles long, and navigable 370
miles. Below the mouth of the Meta, 140 miles,
the Orinoco receives from the west the Apura, a
large and deep river, 520 miles long, having nu-
merous and wide spreading branches, and more
rapid than the Orinoco.intowhich it empties its wa-
ter? by many mouths. After receiving the Apura,
O R K
O R M
543
tlie Orinoco turns to the east, and, after a further
course of about 400 miles, divides itself, like the
Nile, into a great many branches, and discharges
its waters into the ocean by 50 mouths, the two
most distant of which are 180 miles apart. Only
7, however, are navigable, and but one of these,
the southern, called the Ship's Mouth, for vessels
of more than 200 tons. The Delta of the Orinoco
consists of low boggy lands, in most places liable
to inundation.
Orinsay, small isl. of the Hebrides, lying be-
twixt Boreray and North Uist, and separated from
the latter by a narrow sound.
Orio, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the sea coast,
4 m. W. St. Sebastian. Pop. 800.
Orio, t. Austrian Italy, 30 m. S. S. E. Milan.
Oriskany, creek, Oneida co. N. Y. which flows
into the S. side of the Mohawk, in Whitestown.
The village of Oriskany, at its mouth, contains
extensive cotton and woollen manufactories. Here
is a post-ofFice.
Orissa, province, Hind, between 16° and 23° N.
lat. bounded E. by the sea and Bengal, and W. by
Gundwaneh. It was formerly an independent
Hindoo kingdom, but was first conquered by the
Afghans, and afterwards by the Moguls, towards
the end of the 16th century. All the valuable
parts of tliis province are now in the hands of the
British.
Orislano, t. on the W. coast of Sardinia, on a
fine bay of the same name. It is the see of an
archbishop, 40 m. N. Vv. Cagliari. Pop. 6,000.
Orivolo, t Italy, in the States of the Church,
25 m. N. VV. Rome.
Orizaba, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Vera
Cruz, situated in a valley remarkable for its rich
pastures, and overshadowed with the most ver-
dant forests, above which proudly rises on the W.
the volcano of Orizaba, covered with perpetual
snow. Pop. about 8,000, consisting of whites and
Indians. 120 m. E. by S. Mexico. Lon.97"7'W.
Lat. 18°48'N.
Orjachm, or Orkapiisi. See Perecop.
Orkney Islands, the Orcades of the ancients, a
cluster of islands in the North sea, separated from
the N. coast of Scotland by the Pentland frith.
They are about 30 in number ; but many of them.
are uninhabited. The principal inhabited islands
are Pomona or Mainland, Hoy, North Ronald-
shay, South Ronaldshay, Sanday, Stronsay, Eday,
Westray, Shapinshay, &,c. All the islands may
contain about 384,000 acres, divided perhaps in
the following proportions : viz. heath and moss,
occupied as common, 294, 000 acres; green pasture,
occupied as common, 30,000 ; infield pasture and
meadow, 30,000 ; arable, including gardens,
24,000; total productive laud, 84,000; houses,
roads, walls, ditches, 2,000 ; fresh water, 4,000.
Except some stunted birch and hazel bushes, and
a few willows and juniper bushes, there is scarce
a tree or shrub to be seen. The animals are small
horses, black cattle, sheep, swine, and rabbits.
There are large flocks of sheep in fine condition.
The principEil exports are beef, pork, butter, tal-
low, hides, salt fish, oil, feathers, linen yarn, kelp,
with small quantities of grain in years of plenty.
The imports are wood, iron, flax, coal, sugar, spir-
its, wine, snuff" and tobacco ; flour, soap, leather,
hardware, broad bloth, printed linens and cottons.
The annual exports have sometimes been estimat-
ed at 40,000/. and the imports at 36,000/. Pop. in
1801,24,445; in 1811, 23,238.
Orkub. See Precopia.
Orlamunda, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, on the
Saale, at the influx of the Orla into that river, 14
m. S. by E. Weimar, 21 S. E. Erfurt. Pop. 2,000.
Orlaiid, t. Hancock co. Maine, on the E. side of
the Penobscot, 17 m. N. Castine. Pop. 480.
Orlando, Capo di, cape, on the N. coast of Si-
cily, 25 m. W. by 8. Melazzo. Lou. 14° 41' E.
Lat. 38° 15' N.
Orlau, t. Austrian States, 12 m. N. W. Teschen.
Pop. 900.
Orlean, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Orleans, t. in the central part of France, cap.
of Loiret, on the Loire. The situation is favora-
ble to trade. Placed almost in the centre of the
kingdom, and communicating, by means of the
Loire and its tributary streams, with several fer-
tile departments of the interior, it forms a great
entrepot for their productions; while, on the oth-
er hand, the foreign commodities imported at
Nantes, La Rochelle, and some other smaller
ports, are forwarded thither, and subsequently
distributed into different parts of the kingdom.
The chief articles of export are corn, wine, bran-
dy, and fruit. The manufa-tures are stockings,
woollens, hats, and leather. It is the see of a
bishop. Pop. 42,000. 70 m. N. W. Tours, 80 S.
by W. Paris. Lon. T 54' E. Lat. 47° 54' N.
Orleans, Island of, isl. in the St. Lawrence, 6 ra.
below Quebec, 25 miles long, and 5 broad. The
soil is very fertile in almost every part. Pop. 4,000.
Orleans, co. Vt. bounded JJ. by Canada, E. by
Essex CO. S. by Caledonia and Washington coun-
ties, and W. by Franklin co. Pop. 5,838. Chief
towns, Craftsbury, and Brownington.
Orleans, p-t. Barnstable co, Mass. 20m. E. Barn-
stable, 85 S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,248.
Orleans, Territory of. See Louisiana.
Orleans, parish, Louisiana, on the banks of the
Mississippi. It extends from Lake Borgne to the
gulf of Mexico. Pop. 24,552.
Orlov, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Viatka, 26 m.
W. of Viatka. Pop. 3,600.
Ormea, t. Piedmont, near the Tanaro, defended
by a strong castle. 20 m. N. by W. Oneglia, 60 S.
Turin. Pop. 5,300.
Ormskirk, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 30 m. S. Lan-
caster, 210 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 52' W.
Lat. 53° 34' N. Pop. 3,064.
Ormuz, isl. in the Persian gulf, on which was
built a city, once the most splendid and celebrated
of all Asia. It was the emporium of the trade of
India with Persia, and even with Europe, its com-
modities being carried up the Euphrates, and
across the Syrian desert, Ormuz did not owe its
greatness to any natural advantages. It is a mere
rock of salt, and produces neither a single article
of provision, nor a drop of water. Its greatness and
splendour were due entirely to commerce. When
the Portuguese fleets had found their way round
the Cape into the Indian seas, their cupidity was
soon excited by Ormuz. They made several at-
tempts to obtain possession of it, which proved
abortive ; but in 1514, the great Albuquerque
sailed thither with a force so overwhelming, that
resistance was scarcely attempted. It continued
one of the main seats of Portuguese power, till the
reign of Shah Abbas, when that ambitious mon-
arch, with the assistance of an English fleet, suc-
ceeded in wresting it from them. The Persian
monarch made it then his object to transfer the
trade of Ormuz to Gombroon, situated on the coast
opposite to it; and at length all the inhabitants
were ordered to evacuate the place, leaving only
544
O R R
O R U
a Persian garrison. About the end of the last cen-
tury, Ormuz was taken possession of by the Imam
of Maskat. The fort has been put into a tolera-
ble state of repair, but it contains only about 500
inhabitants. The whole of the ancient city is one
mass oi ruins. Lon. 56" 40' E. Lat. 27" 8' N.
Or7iuin, small r. France, in Meuse, which falls
into tlie Marne at Vitry.
Ornans, t. France, in Doubs. Pop. 3,100. The
inhabitants are employed partly in the iron works
of the vicinity, partly in manufactures of leather
and paper. 12 m. S. E. Besan^on, 20 N. W. Pou-
tarlier.
Orne, department in the N. of France, bordered
by the departments of Calvados, Eure-and-Loire,
Mayenne-and-Sarthe. Extent, 2,500 sq. miles.
Pop. in 1815, 422,000. The principal mineral
product is iron, the average annual produce of
which is about 8,000 tons. Alengon is the cap-
ital.
Orne, r. France, which rises near Orne, and
falls into the Moselle, not far from Metz.
Orne, r. France, which becomes navigable at
Caen, and discharges itself into the English chan-
nel, about 9 miles below that town.
Omes, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N. E. Verdun.
Pop. 1,000.
Oro, Cape d\ the E. point of the island of Ne-
gropont, anciently called Cephareus. Lon. 24" 40'
E. Lat. 38" 8' N.
Orodada, port on the coast of Peru, 6 m. S. by
W. Payta.
Oromucto, r. New Brunswick, which falls into
the W. side of St. John's river.
Oron, t. Switz. in the Pays de Vaud, 10 m. E. N.
E. Lausanne.
Orono, t. Penobscot co. Maine, on the W. side
of Penobscot river, 5 m. N. Bangor. Pop. 351.
Oronoke. See Orinoco.
Oronsay, one of the smaller Hebrides, separated
from Colonsay by a narrow channel.
Orontes, r. Syria, and the largest by which that
country is watered. It rises in Mount Lebanon,
to the N. of Damascus, near the source of the Jor-
dan, and, flowing N. falls into the iVIediterranean,
in lat. 36" N.
Oropesa, the capital of Cochabamba, in Buenos
Ayres, 8 m. N. Cochabamba, 89 N. N. W. Chu-
quisaca. Lon. 67° 18' W. Lat. 18° 11' S. Pop.
17,000.
Oropesa, t. Spain, in Avila, 20 m. W. by S. Ta-
lavera de la Reyna. Pop. 1,400.
Oropesa, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Spain, in
Valencia. Lon. 0° 8' 25'' E. Lat. 40" 5' 33" N.
Oropus, t. Greece, in Attica, about 3 miles from
the s ea. It commands the adjacent plain of Tana-
gra, the subject of frequent contest between the
Thebans and Athenians.
Oroshaza, t. Hungary, 28 m. W. by S. Gyula.
Pop, 6,000.
Orovesi, lake, Russia, in Finland, 40 m. N. W.
lake Ladoga. It is 15 or 16 leagues long.
Oroust, isl. on the S. W. coast of Sweden, at the
entrance of the Cattegat, 40 m. in circumference.
Lon. 11" 30' E. Lat. 58" 10' N.
Orphans'' Bank, a fishing bank at the S. E. point
of Chaleur bay, on the coast of New Brunswick.
Orphan Island, large isl. Hancock co. Maine,
near the mouth of the Penobscot, between Pros-
pect and Orland.
Orpierre, t. France, in Upper Alps, 30 m. S.W.
Gap. Pop. 800.
Orr Water, r. Scotland, which runs into the Sol-
way frith, 10 m, E. Kirkcudbright. Lou. 3" 50'
W. Lat. 54° 55' x\.
Orrell, t. England, in Lancashire, 4i m. N. Liv-
erpool. Pop. 2,000.
Orrington, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on the E.
side of the Penobscot, 5 ra. S. Bangor, 32 N. Cas-
tine. Pop. 1,341.
Orrsville, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C.
Orsero, t. Austrian states, on the W. coast of Is
tria, 4 m. N. Rovigno.
Orsha, or Orshan, t. Eu. Russia, in Mohilev,
on the Dnieper, 40 m. N. Mohilev. Lon. 30" 14'
E. Lat. 54" 30' N. Pop. 2,500.
Orskttia, t. A. Russia, in Orenburg, on the Or,
about a mile and a half before its junction with
the Oural. 132 m. E. Orenburg.
Orson's Island, isl. Maine, in the river Penob-
scot, at the N. end of Marsh's island.
Orsova, J^Tew, or JVeu-Orschowa, t. and fortress,
Eu. Tui'key, on an island in the Danube. The
fortress has been frequently taken and retaken by
the Turks and imperialists, but has remained in
the hands of the former since tlie treaty of Sistow
in 1789. 50 m. N. by W. Vidin, 100 E. Belgrade.
Pop. 2,800.
Orsova, or Orschowa, Old, fort, Hungary, at the
influx of the Tscherna into the Danube, opposite
New Orsova.
Orsoy, t. Prussian states, on the W. bank of tlie
Rhine, 24 m. S. E. Cleves. Pop. 1,000.
Ort, t. Austria, 15 m. E. Vienna. Pop. 900.
Orta, t. Sardinian states, 30 m. N. Vercelli.
Orta, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 26 m. S. W.
Manfredonia. Pop 1,500.
Orta, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on
the Tiber. It is the see of a bishop. 36 m. N. by
W. Rome.
Ortegal, Cape, a well known promontory of
Spain, in Galicia. Lon. 7" 54' W. Lat. 43° 46
40" N.
Ortelsburg, or Scytno, t. East Prussia, 80 m. S.
S. E. Konigsberg. ' Pop. 1,100.
Ortenberg, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22
m. E. N. E.'^ Frankfort on the Maine, 20 S. E. Gies-
sen.
Ortenburg, t. Bavarian states, 5 m. S. Vilzhofeu,
10 W. Passau. Pop. 1,200.
Orthez, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 22 m. N.
W. Pau, and 30 E. Bayonne. Pop. 6,200.
Orthosa, or Ortosa, s-p. Syria, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 12 m. N. Tripoli.
Ortles-Spitze, the highest mountain of the Aus-
trian empire, in Tyrol. Its elevation is 15,000
feet.
Orton, or Overton, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 14
m. N. Kendal. Lon. 2° 35' W. Lat. 54° 28' N.
Pop. 333.
Ortone a Mare, t. Naples on Abruzzo Citra,
on the sea coast. It is the sea of a bishop. 50 m.
E. Aquila, 100 N. Naples. Pop. 5,700.
Ortona di Marsi, t. Naples in Abruzzo Citra.
34 m. N. by E. Poute Corvo.
Oruba. See Aruba.
Orvieto, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, al
the confluence of the Pagliaand Chiana, 60 m. N.
N. W. Rome. It is the see of a bishop. Here is
a college of Jesuits. Pop. 7,000.
Orville, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Orurillo, t. Peru, in La Paz, on Lake Titiaca,
25 m. N. W. Asangaro.
Oruro, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded
N. by Sicasica, E. by Cochabamba, S. and S. E.
by Paria, and W. and N. W. by Paca^es. Pop
o s c
8,000. Oruro, the capital, is in a beautiful valley,
70 m. N. N. W. Potosi. Lon. 68" W. Lat. IB"
48' S.
Orwell, r. Eng. in Suffolk, commonly called Ips-
wich water. It unites with the Stour, and forms
the fine harbour of Harwich. It is navigable to
Ipswich. Above Ipswich it takes the name of
Gipping.
Orwell, r. Up. Canada, which runs into Lake
Erie, between Landguard and the North Fore-
land.
Orwell, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Chaxnplain,
48 m. VV. N. VV. Windsor. Pop. 1,849.
Orwell, t. Oswego co. N. Y.
Oncell, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 755.
Orwell, p-v. Bradford co. Pa.
Orwigsburg, borough and cap. Schuylkill co.
Pa. 27 m. N. W. Reading. Here is an academy.
Orzero, t. Austrian states, in Istria, on tlie Adri-
atic, 5 m. N. Rovigno.
Orzi JYuovi, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 34
m. E. by S. Milan. Pop. 3,000.
Osa, r. Italy, in Tuscany, which falls into the
Mediterranean at Telamone Vecchio.
Osacca, city of Japan, the port of Meaco, situ-
ated at the head of a bay of the same name, 25 m.
S..W. Meaco. It is the seat of a very extensive
trade, and one of the most flourishing cities in the
empire.
Osages, Indians, of the U. States, in Arkansaw
and Missouri Territories. The Osages of the Mis-
souri are divided into Great and Little Osages,
and live in two separate villages, which are six
miles apart, on the waters of the Osage river, about
360 miles above its junction with the Missouri, in
lat. 37° N. and lon. 96° 40' W. Their whole num-
ber is estimated at 6,000, of whom about 4,000 are
Great Osages, and 2,000 Little Osages. The dis-
tinction between them is merely nominal, as they
form parts of one nation. — The Osages of the Ar-
kansaw are 2,000 in number, and inhabit several
villages on branches of Arkansaw river, about 150
miles S. W. of the villages of the Great and Little
Osages. Their principal village is on Verdigris
river, but they have another on Grand river, 25
miles from its junction with the Arkansaw, in lat.
35° 30' N. and lon. 97 ' 20' W. This last, called
Union, is fixed upon, by the United Foreign Mis-
sionary Society, as one of their stations among the
Osages, and in the summer of 1820, a mission fam-
ily, consisting of more than 20 persons, was sent to
occupy it. The same society have also lately sent
out another family to reside among the Osages
of the Missouri. The Osages subsist on corn,
pumpkins, beans, fish, and the flesh of wild ani-
mals. They are remarkably hospitable, fond of
peace, and particularly desirous of preserving a
^ood understanding with the people of the United
States. When provoked to war, they are brave ;
and, in their recent contests with the Cherokees,
have sometimes conquered with far inferior num-
bers.
Osage, a large river of the U. States, which
rises in lat. 36° 28' N. and lon. 96° 5' W. and run-
ning N. E. joins the Missouri, by a mouth 397
yards wide, 133 miles from the Mississippi, in lat.
ij8° 31' N. and lon. 92° W.
Osage Woman's River, r. Missouri which falls
into the N. side of the Missouri, about 60 miles
irom its confluence with the Mississippi. It is
about 30 yards wide at its mouth.
Osch, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 12 m.
f . E. Bois le Due. Pop. 2.800.
69
OSS
545
Oschatz, t. Germany, in Saxonv, near the small
river Colnitz, 18 m. N. W. Meissen, 32 N. W.
Dresden. Pop. 3,400.
Oschersleben, t. Prussian Saxony, 19 m. W. S.W.
Magdeburg. Pop. 3,000.
Osero, t. Austrian states, on an island in the Ad-
riatic, joined to the larger island of Cherso, by a
bridge. Pop. 1,500. It is the see of a bishop.
Osgood, t. Russel co. Up. Canada, on the riyer
Rideau, wliich flows into the Ottawa.
Osgt^an, t. Hungary, 39 m. N. N. W. Erlau.
Osimo, Italy, in the States of the Church. It is
the see of a bishop. 10 m. S. by W. Ancona, 110
N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13° 27' 23" E. Lat. 43° 29'
36" N. Pop. 6,700.
Oslcol JVoroi, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 93 m. S.
E. Kursk. Pop. 2,300.
Oskol Slaroi, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 75 m. E.
S. E. Kursk. Pop. 5,000.
Osma, t. Spain, in Old Castile. It is a bishop's
see. Here Sir 'Thomas Graham defeated a body
of French, on 15th June 1813. 40 m. S. E. Bur-
gos, 52 N. N. E. Madrid. Pop. 2,000.
Osmanjic, t. A. Turkey, in Sivjis, 140 m. N.W.
Sivas.
Osmarskoi, t. A. Russia, on the Irtysch, 201 m.
W. S. W. Kolivan.
Osnabruck, or Osnaburg, a province in the S.W.
of Hanover, between the grand dutchy of Olden-
burg and the Prussian province of Westphalia.
Area, 920 sq. miles. Pop. 126,000, of whom the
majority are Lutherans, and the rest Catholics.
A large proportion of this principality consists of
heath, moor, and sandy eminences, all very unpro-
ductive. Of the coarse linen so well known by
the name of Osnaburgs. great quantities are man-
ufactured by the inhabitants. Its public revenue
is between 50,000/. and 60,000/. sterling.
Osnabruck, or Osnaburgs the capital of the above
province, is on the Hase. It has manufactures of
coarse woollen, leather, and tobacco. Here are
also several linen bleachfields. 70 m. W. Hano-
ver, 28 N. E. Munster. Lon. 8° 1' E. Lat. 52° 1&
N. Pop. 9,300.
Osnaburg, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. E^Canton.
Pop. in 18i9, 580.
Osnabruck, t. Ormont co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence.
Osomo, t. Chili, 212 m. S. La Conception. Lat,
40'^ 20' S.
Ossa, t. Eu. Russia, in Perm, 48 m. S.W. Pertlis
Pop. 1,000.
Ossa, celebrated mountain in the N. of Greece,
in Thessaly, to the S. E. of Olympus, from which
it is separated by the vale of Tempe, and the river
Peneus, which flows through it.
Ossabaw, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of the Ogechee, 20 miles in circumference.
Lon. 81° 17' W. Lat. 31" 42' N.
Ossabaw Sound, inlet, Georgia, between the
islands of Great Wassaw and Ossabaw.
Ossegh, v. Bohemia, 18 m. N. N. W. Leutme-
ritz.
Ossendrecht, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
13 m. N. by W. Antwerp. Pop. 800.
Ossetes, a rude people who inhabit the northern
part of the mountains of Caucasus. They muster,
on an emergency, 10,000 horse.
Ossett, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3h m. W. Wake^
field. Pop. 4,083.
Ossiack, v. Austrian states, 15 oi. W. N. W.
Clagenfurth.
Ossiari, t. Allegany co. N. Y. Pop. 216.
J46
O S T
Ossiek, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 19 m. W. S.W.
Sendomir.
Ossieri, t. island of Sardinia, in Casrliari. Pop,
6,000.
Ossipee, t Strafford co. N. H. 32 m. N. E. Con-
cord. 'Pop. 1,205. There is a lake of the same
name in this township, and also a mountain.
Ossipee, r. which flows from Ossipee lake in
N. H. into Saco river in Maine. The mouth of
Little Ossipee, is 12 m. below.
Ossun, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 7 m. S.W.
Tarbes, 15 N. VV. Ba^neres. Pop. 1,800.
Ossuna, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 48 m. E. Seville,
28 W. N. W. Antequera. Pop. 15,000.
Osiabat, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6 m. S.
by W. St, Palais, 9 W. Mauleon.
Ostalrick. See Hostalric.
Oslaschkow, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver. The chief
employments are the manufacture of leather, and
the building of barks for the navigation of the
Wolga. 108 m. N. Tver. Lon. 33° 12' 21" E.
Lat. 57° 9' 40" N, Pop. 6,400.
Oste, navigable r. of Hanover, which rises in
Luneburg, and falls into the Elbe near the sea.
Oste7i, v. Hanover, on the river Oste, 1 1 m. N.
W. Stade.
Ostend, or Ostende, t. Netherlands, in West
Flanders, 14 m. W. Bruges. Its old fortifications,
also a great earthen mound, and a moat around
the town, are still kept up ; and the approach to it
may be rendered very difficult, by inundating a
part of the surrounding country. The flat shore
of Flanders has few good harbours ; that of Os-
tend is reckoned one of the best. It communi-
cates by canals with that of Bruges and Ghent on
the W. and with Nieuport on the E, It exports
the produce of Flanders, and, in return, supplies
it with colonial and other foreign goods. Since
the peace of 1814, the former communication be-
tween Dover and Ostend has been renewed ; reg-
ular post-office packets convey the mail twice a
week, both from Dover to Ostend, and from Os-
tend to Dover. 35 m. W. by N. Ghent, 66 W. by
N.Brussels. Lon. 2° 55' E, Lat. 51° 14' N, Pop.
10,500.
Oster, t. Eu. Russia, 39. m. S. Czernigov. Lon.
31''14'E. Lat. 50° 28' N.
Osterburg, t. Prussian Saxony, 47 m. N. Magde-
burg. Pop. 1,500.
Osterby, t. Sweden, in Upland, 28 m. N. Upsal.
Osterholz, t. Hanover, 10 m. N. Bremen.
Oslerode, t. Hanover, on the Soese, in the moun-
tainous district of the Harz, 18 m, N, E. Gottin-
gen. Lon. 10° 16' E. Lat. 51° 44' N. Pop.
4,200.
Oslerode, t. East Prussia, 38 m. S. S. E. Elbing.
Pop. 1,700.
Osteroe, one of the Faroe islands, in the North
sea, belonging to Denmark, separated from the E.
side of Stromoe by a. narrow channel. Lat. 61°
50' N.
Ostersund, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 108 m. W,
N. W. Hernsand. Pop. 300.
OsterwaMe, pass in the mountains of Bohemia,
to the S. E. of Dresden, remarkable for the obsti-
nate conflicts of 30th and 31st August 1813, be-
tween the French under Vandamme, and the allied
army.
Oslericick, t. Prussian Saxonv, on the river lis,
15 m. W. N. W. Halbcrstadt. "Pop. 2,600.
Ostheim, v. Germany, in HeT'c-Ca'^Fel, 19,m. N,
Casse!.
o s w
Ostheim, Great, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 4 ue
N. E. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,300,
Ostheim near the Rhoen, t. Bavarian states, bu«-
belonging to Saxe-Weimar, 10 m. S.W. Mein-
ungen.
■ Oslhopen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 'j
m. N. Worms, Pop. l,80a
Ostia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, near
the influx of the Tiber into the Mediterranean.
It is the see of a bishop. In the neighbourhood
are extensive salt-works. 14 m. S. W. Rome.
Osliaks, one of the most numerous tribes of Sibe-
ria, situated chiefly upon the Obi, in the govern-
ment of Tobolsk. They are extremely hospitable,
but very simple, timid, and full of prejudices.
Fish forms the principal part of their food. They
are in general still Pagans, and addicted to many
practices of very gross idolatry. They regularly
pay to the Russian government their tribute ol
furs. According to the census of 1784, the Osti-
aks of the Obi amounted to 30,981 males,
Ostiano, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 13 m.
N. E. Cremona. Pop. 3,400.
Ostiglia, t. Austrian Italy, on the N. bank of the
Po, 12 m. S. W. Legnago.
Ostiones, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
S. coast of America. Lat. 4° 10 N.
Ostrach, v. Germany, in HohenzoUern-Sigma
ringen, 5 m. E Pfullendorf. Pop. 1,100.
Ostrau, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, on an
island in the river March, 7 m. S. Hradisch. Pop.
800.
Ostrifz, t. Saxony, on the Queiss, 7 m. S. Gor-
litz. Pop. 1,300.
Ostrog, t, Russian Poland, in Volhynia. It is
the see of an archbishop of the Greek church.
57 m. N. W. Constantinov. Pop. 4,600.
Oslrogoshk, t. Eu. Russia, in Voronez, 50 m, S.
Voronez, Pop, 11,000.
Osfrolcnka, t. Poland, on the Narew, Pop.
1,100,
Oslrov, t. Eu. Russia, in Pskov, on an island in
the river Velikaja, 27 m. S. Pskov.
Oslrova, I. Eu. "rurkey, in Macedon, 45 m, W.
N. W. Salonica,
Ostrovizza, t, Austrian states, in Dalmatia, 14
m. N. Scardona,
Ostrorno, v, Russian Lithuaniai, on the Dvina,
17 m. W. Vitepsk.
Ostroiv, t. Prussian Poland, 49 m. N. E. Breslau.
Pop. 2,500.
Oslrow, t. Poland, 22 m. N. E. Lublin, Pop
1,500,
OstrzeszoiiJ, or Schildberg, t. Prussian Poland, 21
m, S. S. E. Kalisch. Pop. 1,100,
Ostuni, t. Naples, in Otranto, near the Adriatic.
34 m. E, N. E. Taranto, 50 S. E. Bari. It is the
see of a bisliop.
Osioegatchie, t. St. Lawrence co, N, Y. on the
St. Lawrence, Pop. 1,245. In this town is Og-
dcnsburg, which see,
Oswegatchie, r. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. which
runs into the St. Lawrence at Ogdensburg, after
a course of 120 miles.
Oswego, CO. N, Y. formed in 1816 out of parts of
Oneida and Onondaga counties ; bounded N. by
Jefferson co. E. by Lewis and Oneida cos. S. by
Oneida Ir.ke and Onondaga co. and W. by Cayuga
CO. and Lake Ontario.
Oswego, p-v. and port of entry, Oswego co. N. Y.
on both sides of the river Oswego, at its mouth,
being partly in ScHba, and partly in Hannibal. 60
OTA
m. N. W. Rome, 173 N. W. Albany. Lon. 76° 35'
W. Lat. 43" 28' N. The trade of this place is
very considerable, and is rapidly increasing. In
1 iiOi), the value of goods shipped here was $335,000.
The amount of shipping in 1816, was 504 tons.
Oswego is an important military post. The fort
stands on the eastern shore, at the mouth of the
river, and is celebrated in the history of American
wars.
Os2vego, r. N. Y. which issues from Oneida lake,
ind runs into Lake Ontario. After a very crook-
ed course of 18 miles, it receives the Seneca river,
whence to its mouth is 24 miles. At the mouth of
the river there 33 a safe and good harbour, with
two fiithoms water. The channel is commanded
by a well built fort, on an eminence E. of the riv-
er. By means of locks and canals tliis river is
made navigable.
Oswef[o Falls, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Ostreil, v. Wirtemberg, near Ludwigsburg.
Pop. i,100.
Osuaidwhistle, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. E. S.
E. Blackburn. Pop. 3,512.
Oswestry, borough t. Eng. in Salop co. It has
some manufactures and a considerable trade. 18
m. N. VV. Shrewsbury, 180 N. W. London. Lon.
'J"3'W. Lat. 52" 51' N. Pop. 3,497.
Oszmiano, Oschmiano, or Osmiana, t. Russian
Lithuania, 30 m. E. S. E. Wilna.
Otabalo, or Olavalo, a province of Quito, 12
leagues long from N. W. to S. E. Otabalo, or Ota-
calo, the capital, is 30 m. N. E. Quito, 167 S. S.
W. Potosi. Lon. 78° 5' W. Lat. 13" 3' N. Pop.
15,000.
Otaha, one of the Society islands, in the Pacific
ocean, situated N. ofUlietea. Lon. 151" 20' W.
Lat. W 53' S.
Olaheite, or King George the Third'* s Island,
isl. in the Pacific ocean, consisting of two peninsu-
las coanected by a low isthmus about three miles
across. The larger, Otaheite Nooe, is about 90
miles in circumference, and nearly circular ; the
lesser, or Tiaraboo, is about 30 miles. The island
has a border of low land, reaching from the beach
to the rising of the hills, in some places near a
mile, in others hardly a furlong, and in several
jjoints the mountains abruptly terminate in high
cliffs, against which the sea beats, and form difti-
;ult passages from one district to another. The
•oil of the low lands, and of the vallies, which run
ap from the sea between the mountains, is re-
iiarkably fertile, consisting of a rich blackish
3iould. In the higher regions is found the pre-
vious sandal-wood, whence the natives chiefly
draw the perfume for the cocoa-nut oil, with
which they anoint themselves. The bay of Mata-
vai affords safe anchorage during eight months of
rhe year, but is dangerous from December to
March. The inhabitants of this island are above
he common size, and the chiefs are a larger race,
ew of them being under six feet. The men are
all, strong, well limbed, and finely shaped.
The government is monarchical, and hereditary
.n one family. There is also an aristocracy, con-
sisting of the chiefs of the several districts, some
>f whom are supreme in one district, and exercise
in their own territories all regal power, yet still
iubject to the monarch as their sovereign para-
mount. The produce of this island is bread-fruit,
cocoa-nuts, bananas of thirteen sorts ; plantains,
a fruit not unlike an apple, which, when ripe, is
very pleasant • ^weet potatoei, yams, cocoas, a
O T E
;47
kind of arum ; a fruit known here by the name of
jambu, and reckoned most delicious ; and sugar-
cane, which the inhabitants eat raw. All these,
and many others, the earth produces spontane-
ously, or with little culture.
During the last eight or ten years, a great
change has talcen place in this, as well as in the
neighbouring island Eimeo ; arjd also in several
other of the Georgian and Society islands. lu
the year \1QQ, the London missionary society
sent out to Otaheite, and other islands of the
South seas, a number of missionaries, to com-
municate the Christian religion to the natives,
who gladly received them, as well as several
others that were afterwards sent out in the year
1800. In consequence of disturbances in Ota-
heite in 1799, several of the missionaries were
obliged to take refuge in New South Wales, some
of whom afterwards returned to the islands. For
a period ol' fifteen years, they laboured, with very
little success, to draw the attention of the natives
from their cruel rites and superstitions, to the su-
'^perior claims of the Christian faith. At length,
in the year 1814, the number in Otaheite, and the
neighbouring island of Eimeo amounted to about
fifty, who had voluntarily renounced idolatry, and
embraced Christianity. From this time acces-
sions were gradually made to the numbers of the
native Christians, until at length the whole of the
inhabitants of Otaheite, and of seven or eight of
the neigbouring islands, with very few exceptions,
voluntarily renounced idolatry, and embraced
Christianity. They have in consequence relin-
quished their former cruel and degrading super-
stitions, and now assemble in congregations of 400
or 500, and occasionally 700 or 800 persons, in
general decently attired, for the purpose of Chris-
tian worship. About 6,000 in the several islands
have learned to read in the Taheitean language,
which the missionaries have given them in a
written form. In the schools, reading, writing
and arithmetic are taught. The natives also,
with singular industry, teach each other. Thus
knowledge is propagated in all directions. Some
of the missionaries who are best acquainted with
the language, are employed in the translation of
the holy scriptures. The increase of the popula-
tion of Otaheite, in consequence of these, and oth-
er co-operating causes, is already visible. A gen-
eral reformation of manners has followed the in-
troduction of Christianity. The Areoy societies
are suppressed, the practice of infanticide no lon-
ger exists, and human sacrifices are abolish-
ed. Many other degrading practices and super-
stitions have been relinquished ; and the despotic
authority of the sovereign, who is himself a bap-
tised convert of the missionaries, is superseded by
a code of laws. The useful arts have been intro-
duced. The dwellings of the chiefs and people
have been improved, villages have been formefli,
and families induced to live separately, in distinct
houses, instead of being huddled together in one.
Land also has been inclosed, and the cultivation
of sugar commenced on a small scale.
Otakootai, or Wenooaette, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
3 miles in circumference, discovered by can-
tain Cook in 1777. Lon. 201" 37' E. Lat. 19'
SI'S.
Otchakov. See Oczakov.
Olego, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 20 m. S. W. Coon •
er'town, 86 W. Albany. Fop. 1,000.
54S
O T T
Otego Creek, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs in-
to the Susquehanuah, in the town of Otego, after
a course of 28 miles.
Otis, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. E. Len-
ox, 1 1 6 W. BoEton. Pop. 1,111. It formerly con-
stituted two towns, Bethlehem and Loudon.
OHsco, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 87 m. S. Ononda-
go lake, 50 W. Utica. Pop. 759.
OHsco Creek, r. Onondaga co. N. Y. which runs
into Onondaga lake.
Oti^Jield, t. Cumberland co. iMaine, 40 m. N.
Portland. Pop. 912.
Otlep, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Wharf,
10 m. N. W. Leeds, 202 N. N. W. London. Lon.
r 42' W. Lat. 63° 54' N. Pop. 2,602.
Otoque, isl. in the bay of Panama, 30 m. S. S.
W. Panama. Lon. W 20' AV. Lat. 8" 30' N.
Otranto, or Terra d' Olranto, a peninsular prov-
ince forming the S. E. extremity of the kingdom
of Naples, having the gulf of Taranto on the W.
and the Adriatic on the E. Extent, 2,600 square
miles. Pop. 292,000. The most important pro-
duct is olives, whole forests of which grow wild.
Otranto, t. in the above province, on the Adri-
atic, tolerably fortified, but miserably built. Its
harbour is indifferent. 33 m. E. bv JV Gallipoli,
80 E. by S. Taranto. Lon. 18° 20' E. Lat. 40° 30'
N. Pop. 2,400.
Otranto Capo di, cape, Italy, on the coast of the
Adriatic, a few miles S. of the town of Otranto.
Otrar, or Farab, t. Independent Tartary, on the
Arsch, 110 m. N. W. Toncat.
Otricoli, t. States of the Church, 36 m.N. Rome.
Otsego, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Herkimer and
Montgomery cos. E. by Schoharie co S. by Dela-
ware CO. and W, by Chenango and Madison cos.
Pop. 38,667. Chief town, Cooperstown.
Otsego, L Otsego co. N. Y. Pop. 3,810. In this
town is the village of Coopersfoirn, which see.
Otsego, lake in the N. part of the above county,
9 miles long and 3 broad, from which the Susque-
hanuah takes its rise. It abounds with fine fish.
Otselic, t. Chenango co. N. Y.
Olselic Creek, r. N. Y. which joins the Tioughni-
bga, after a course of 43 miles.
Otsqiiaga Creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the S.
side of the Mohav/k between Minden and Canajo-
harie, after a course of 23 miles.
Ottawa, or Nottaina, a river of Bohemia, in the
drclcofl'rachir, which falls intotiic Moldau.
Ottaira, or Utawtt, r. which rises in the moun-
tains on the N. side of Lake Huron, and flows hito
the river St. Lawrence above Montreal, after a
course of 500 miles. It forms the boundary be-
tween Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It is
obstructed by numerous rapids, and lisw rivers of
equal length discharge so great a quantity of wa-
ter. There are settlements on the banks of the Ot-
tawa for the distance of between 100 and 200
miles.
Ottenau, v. Baden, on the Murg, 7 m. E. S. E.
Rastadt. Pop. 900.
Ottenbach, v. Switz. on the Reuss, 9 ro. S. W,
Zurich.
Oltejihevr, v. Baden, on the Rhine, 7 m. W. N.
W.Lahr. Pop. 1,000.
Otlensen, v. Denmark, in Holstein, 2 m. W. Al-
tona. Here is the burial place and monument of
KloDstock. Pop. 1,500.
Ottenstcin, t. Prussian States, 32 m. W. N. W.
Munster.
Otter Bay, bay on the S. coast of Newfoundland,
near Cape Ray.
o u c
Otierbtrg, t Bavarian States, 5 m. N. Kaiserslaa-
tern. Pop. 1,400.
Ottcrbourne, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 4 m. S. S. W,
Winchester. Pop. 454.
Otter Bridge, p-v. Bedford co. Va.
Oiler creek, r. Vt. which rises in the W, part of
the State, and running W. of N. passes by Rutland,
Middlebury, and Vergennes, and falls into Lake
Cluimplain, at Ferrisburgh. It is navigable for
sloops 6 miles, to Vergennes.
Otter creek, r. Va. which runs into the Staunton,
in about lon. 79^30' W. lat. 36° 55' N.
Otter creek, r. Indiana, which flows into the E.
side of the Wabash H m. above Fort Harrison. It
is a fine mill stream.
Ottenidorf, t. Hanover, in Bremen, 25 m. N. W,
Stade. Pop. 1,800.
Otleroe. See Christiansand.
Ottersberg, t. Hanover, in Bremen, 17 m. E. by
N. Bremen. Pop. 1,000.
Ottersleben, Great, v. Prussian Saxony, near
Magdebui^. Pop. 1,100.
Ottery, St. Mary, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the
Otter. It carries on some manufactures of flannel,
serge, and other woollen goods. 10 m. E. Exeter,
160 W. London. Lon. 3° 17' W. Lat. 50° 45' N.
Pop. 2,880.
Otticotta, t. Hind, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80° 1'
E. Lat. 13" 21' N.
Olimachau, t. Prussian States, 6 m. W. Neisse-^
Pop. 1,600.
Ottobeuren, or Ottenbeuren, t. Bavaria, 34 m. B.
S. E. Ulm, 40 S. W. Augsburg. Pop. 2,000.
Otlojano, or Otlajano, i. Italy, at the base of
Mount Vesuvius, 12 m. E. Naples. The town
and district contain about 14,000 inhabitants.
Otloschacz, t. Austrian States, 6 m. W, Fiume.
Oltsi'ille, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Ottieeiler, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 15 m. N. Saarbruck, 31 S. E. Treves.
Pop. 1,500.
Otumba, t. and cap. of a province in Mexico, 26
m. N. E. Mexico. Lon. 98° 44' W. Lat. 19° 40 N.
Otungurra, i. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 42' E.
Lat. 23° N.
Otway, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 143° 29' E. Lat. 38° 51' S.
Ouac/iilla. See Wachitta. -.
Oualalde. See Oalalde. ^"^\
Ouaimc, t. France, in Yonnc, 12 m. S. WixAus--
crre. Pop. 1,000.
Ouaquaphenogaiv. See Okefonoccr.
Ovar, t. Portugal, near tlie coast, 22 m. S. B. \'
Oporto. Pop. 5,000.
Ouarahiche, r. Guiana, which after a course
75 miles, enters the Atlantic by numerous stream:
in lat. 9° 49' N.
Ouarangve, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 1 1^ 32' N.
Oitnrnlle, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir, 15 m.
S. E. Chartres. Pop. 800.
Ouetsioto, mountains in Virginia and Nortli-
Carolina, N. W. of the Laurel mountains. They
are 50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap, and 450 long,
from N. E. to S. W. They abound in coal, lime,
and freestone.
Ouch, t. Hind, in Moultan, tributary to the
Ameers of Sinde. Lon. 70° 50' E. Lat. 30° la N.
Ouche, r. France, in Cote d'Or, which falls in-
to the Saone, 12 m. below Dijon.
Oitchy, or Rive, v. Swiss canton of Vaud, on the
lake of Geneva, 1 jc, S. Lausanne.
Pf\
O V E
O U N
549
Oudanula, t. Bengal, on the W. bank of the
G anges. Lou. 87° 45' E. Lat. 24° 55' N.
Ovd-Bei/erland, v. Netherlands, in South Hol-
land, 14 m. W . Uort. Pop. 2,400.
Ouddorp, V. Netherlands, in South Holland, 25
m. W. S. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,000.
Oude, province, Hind, between 26° and 28° N.
lat. bounded N. by Nepaul, E. by Bahar, S. by Al-
lahabad, and W. by Delhy and A»ra, 250 miles
long by 100 broad. The whole surface of this
province is flat, extremely fertile, and well water-
ed by large rivers. When properly cultivated,
the land is exceedingly productive, yielding good
crops of wheat, barley, rice, and a variety of other
grains, cotton, sugar-cane, indigo, and poppies.
The inhabitants are about one third Mahometans,
the remainder are Hindoos of all casts. Oude is
much celebrated in the ancient historical poems,
as the kingdom of the famous demigod Rama. The
nabob is to a great extent under the control of the
British. His revenues are estimated at two mill-
ions sterling.
Oude, or Ayodhya, the ancient capital of the
above province, and long the residence of a Hin-
doo dynasty, is on the S. bank of the Dewah or Go-
gra river. After the battle of Buxar (1764^ the
nabob founded the city of Fyzbad, on the ruins of
the ancient capital, and Oude is now in a ruinous
state. Lon, 82° 10' E. Lat. 26° 45' N.
Oudt Haske, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m.
S. by E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 900.
Oudeiiarde, or Axuienarde, t. Netherlands, in
East Flanders, on the Scheldt It is unfortified,
but well built, and carries on manufactures of
woollen and linen. It has sustained several sieges,
but is best known in history from the memorable
victory gained over the French, in 1708, by prince
Eugene and the duke of Marlborough. 15 m. S.
by W. Ghent, 32 W. Brussels.
Oudenborg, t. Netherlands, 11 m. W. S. W. Bru-
ges. Pop. 900.
Oxidenbosch, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
11 m. W. Breda. Pop. 1,700.
Oude-Pelcel-A, t. Netherlands, in Groningen, S
in. S. by W. Winschoten. Pop. 3,000.
Ouderkerk, v. Netherlands, in South Holland, on
the Yssel, 6 m. E. by N. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,400.
Oouderkerk, v. Netherlands, on the Amstel, 4 m.
S, Amsterdam. Pop. 1,700.
Oudewater, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the
Yssel, 12 m. W. S. W. Utrecht. Pop. 1,700.
Oudghir, t. Hind, in Bejapore, belonging to the
Nizam. Lon. 77° 25' E. Lat. 18° 19' N.
Oudipore. See Odeypoor.
Oudon, t. France, in Loire-Inferieui*e, on the
N. bank of the Loire, 14 m. "N. E. Nantes. Pop.
1,500.
Oudshoorn, v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
on a branch of the Rhine, 8 m. E. Leyden. Pop.
1,300.
Ovelgonne, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Oldenburg, 16 m. N. N. E. Oldenberg. Pop. 900.
Quelle, small r. Lower Canada, which, after a
course of little more than 10 miles, falls into the
E.side of the St. Lawrence, about 40 miles below
the island of Orleans.
Ovenden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, H m. N. W.
Halifax. Pop. 4,752.
Over, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 5 m. W. Middlewich,
168 N. W. by N. London. Pop. 1,796.
Overalls, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Orerflacque, or Zuidvoom, isl. Netherlands, at
Ae influx of the Maese iato the German ocean.
Overmeere, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 10
m. E. Ghent. Pop. 2,650.
Ouero, r. Mexico, which runs into the bay of
Honduras, in lon. 87° 45' W. lat. 15° 13' N.
Overschie, v. Netherlands, in South Holland, 4
m. W. by N. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,300.
Overton, v. Eng. in Hants, 3 m. E. N. E. White-
church, 54 W. S. W. London. Pop. 1,178.
Overton, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 5,643, in-
cluding 355 slaves. Monroe is the chief town. At
the court-house is a post-oflice.
Overysschie, or Js''otre Dame au Bois, t. Nether-
lands, in South Brabant, 9 m. S. E. Brussels. Pop.
3,500.
Overyssel, province, Netherlands, having Gel-
derland on the S. W, and Hanover and Westphalia
on the E. The surface is level, lies low, and con-
tains large tracts of marshy ground. The chief
exports are cattle, butter, cheese, tallow, hides,
wool, and turf ; also lineu and timber. Pop,
147,000.
Ouessant. See Ushant.
Oufa, city, A. Russia, cap. of the government of
Orenburg, on the banks of the Belaia, near its
junction with the Oufa. The neighbourhood is
inhabited by a race of Tartars, who appear to be
the most diligent and industrious cultivators of any
of the inhabitants of Siberia. Lon. 56° 1 8' E. Lat.
54°42'N. Pop. 2,500.
Ouiaton, or Ouitanon, v. and fort, Indiana, on
the Ns side of the Wabash, 402 m. above its
mouth, 130 above Vincennes. Lon. 87° 58' W.
Lat. 40° 30' N. The Wabash is navigable to this
place with keel boats.
Ovid, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. between Seneca
and Cayuga lakes, 22 m. S. Geneva, 205 W. Al-
bany. Pop. 4,535. It contains 4 churches. This
town produces excellent wheat.
Ovidiopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, at the
mouth of the Dnieper, 22 m. S. S. W. Odessa.
Pop. 1,400.
Oviedo, t. Spain, cap. of Asturias, in a plain at
the confluence of the Ovia and the Nora, which
fall into the Nalon. It is a bishop's see, and has
an elegant cathedral. 60 m. N. Leon, 130 W. N.
W. Burgos. Lon. 5° 56' W. Lat. 43" 55' N. Pop.
7,500.
Ouisconsin, r. Norlh-West Territory, which
runs into the Mississippi at Prairie du Chien. It
is important as being a route of communication
between the great Lakes and the river Mississip-
pi. The Ouisconsin is a rapid river, 4 feet deep,
full of sand bars, that are constantly shifting. The
bars have only 8 or 10 inches water, but being of
quicksand, boats easily push through them. About
150 miles from its mouth, is the portage between
this river and Fox river, which flows into Green
bay. This portage is only 1| miles long.
Ouitanon. See Ouiaton.
Oukesima, isl. in the Chinese sea, near the coast
of Tonquin, 30 m. in circumference. Lon. 105"
42' E. Lat. 18° 44' N.
Oulabareah, t. Bengal, on the W. bank of the
Bhagarutty or Hoogly river, 80 ra. fr. the mouth
of the river, 20 below Calcutta.
Oulard, t. Ireland, in "Wexford co. 5 m. N.
Wexford.
Oulx, t. Piedmont, at the junction of the Doria
with the Bardonechia, 42 m. W. by S. Turin.
Fop. 1,200^
Ound, t. Hind, in Bejapore, 9 m. from Poona.
Oundle, t. Eng. in Northampton, 77 m. N. Lon«
don. Lon. 0° 28' W, Lat. 52° 30' N. Pop. I,b85.
550
OUR
Ovo, small isL Greece, in the gulf of IVapoli di
Romania, from which town it is separated by a
narrow strait. It has a strong fort called Castello
deirOva. Lon. 25" 27' E. Lat. 35° 39' N.
Oioca, i\ Ireland, in Wicklow, which runs into
the sea, a little below Arklow.
Oural Mountains, a very lofty and extensive
range, which, during the greater part of its con rse,
forms the boundary between Northern Asia and
Russia in Europe, This great chain appears to
take its commencement in the territory of the
Kirghises, between the Caspian and the Aral ;
thence it stretches almost due N. along the sour-
ces of the Oural, the Tobol, the Emba, the Pet-
chora, and the Sosva. From the last point its
line is very imperfectly known, but it is supposed
to stretch nearly parallel to the Obi, till it reach-
es the shore of the Frozen ocean, which it crosses,
and extends through the whole length of Nova
Zembla. It is divided into three parts, the Oural
of the Kirghises, the Oural rich in mines, and the
desert Oural. The first and last are very imper-
fectly known. The second contains extensive
mines of iron and copper, with some of gold, for
the working of which considerable establishments
have been formed.
Oural, formerly Yaik, r. A. Russia, which rises
in the Oural mountains, in about 54" N. lat. and
falls into the Caspian sea, nearly in 47" N. lat.
^nd 53" E. Ion.
Ouralsk, capital city of the Cossacs of the Ou-
ral, on the banks of that river. The Cossacs who
inhabit it amount to 3,600 males, who are divided
into seven regiments. The place is pahsadoed,
and surrounded with an irregular rampart. Lon.
52" 6' E. Lat. 50" 11' N.
Ourcfia, t. Hind, in Allahabad, and district of
Bundelcund. The territories of the rajah of Our-
cha consist of the town, and a small district around
it, which in the year 1790, yielded an annual rev-
enue of 12,000/. Lat. 22" 23' N.
Ourcq, r. France, which falls into the Marne
near Lisy. Its water is pure, and is conveyed by
a canal to Paris, for the supply of that city.
Ourem, i. Portugal, 12 m. E. S. E. Leyria. Pop.
3,800.
Ourfa, or Orfa, the Pachalic of, a division of
Asiatic 'Turkey. It touches on the N. and E. the
pachalic of Diarbekir, while on the S. and W. it
is separated by the Euphrates from the deserts of
Syria.
Ourfa, capital of the above pachalic. It is the
seat of a considerable inland trade, being a thor-
oughfare for tlie caravans who pass from Aleppo
into the interior of Persia. It is noted also for
the preparation of Turkey leather. The inhabi-
tants, composed of Turks, Arab?, Armenians,
Jews, and Nestorians, are said to amount to about
20,000. Loii. .38" 25' E. Lat. 36" 50' N.
Ourique, t. Portugal, in Alcntejo, 89 m. S. S. E.
Lisbon. Pop. 2,300.
Ouro, Rio dc, r. which runs through the Sahara,
in W. Africa, and falls into the Atlantic, in lat.
■IT 30' N.
Ouro, Rio de, r. E. Africa, which falls into the
Indian sea, in lat. 24° 25 S.
Ouroe, email k\. Denmark, in the Isefiord gulf,
near the coast of Zealand, 4 m. N. E. Holbeck.
Lon.ll° 50' E. Lat. 55" 46' N.
Ourry'^f Island, or New Aldemey, one of the
Queen Charlotte's islands, about 10 miles long,
»n.a 5 broad. Lon. 1G5° 19' E. Lat. 11° IC 8.
O W H
Otfuca, or Ovratsch, t. Russian Poland, in Vol-
hynia, 68 m. N. N. E. Zytomiers.
Ourville, t. France, in Lower Seine, 30 m. N.
W. Rouen. Pop. 1,200.
Ousc, r. Eng. which forms the main drain for all
the waters in the N. E. district of Yorkshire. It
is formed by the junction of the Ure and the
Swale, and, after receiving the Nid, the Wharf,
the Derwent, and the Aire, unites with the Trent
to form the H umber.
Ouse, Great, r. Eng. which rises in Nortliamp-
tonshire, and falls into the sea at Lynn Regis. It
is navigable above Downham, where there is a
good harbor for barges.
Ouse, Little, r. Eng. which rises in Suffolk, and
dividing that county from Norfolk, falls into the
Great Ouse near Downham.
Ouse, or Grand River, r. Upper Canada, which
rises in the interior of the country, towards lake
Huron, and falls into lake Erie. There is a bar
across its mouth, on which there is a depth of 8
feet. It is navigable for small vessels for many
miles.
Oust, t. France, in Arriege, 9 m. S. E. St. Gi-
ron. Pop. 1,300.
Outard Bay, bay, Canada, on the N. side of the
river St. Lawrence. Lon. 68" 15' W. Lat. 42°
2'N.
Outchang-fou, city, China, cap. of Houquang,
and one of the largest cities in the world, on the
great river Yang-tse-kiang, at its junction with
the Han, by which, and by its position almost in
the centre of the empire, it enjoys an easy com-
mercial intercourse with almost every part of
China. The river, though nearly 500 miles from
the sea, is deep enough to float the largest ships.
Ou-lcheou, city, China, in Quang-see. Lon.
110" 32' E. Lat 23" 28' N.
Outeyro, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 11m.
E. S. E. Braganza.
Outing, city, China, in Y'"unan. Lon. 102" G'E.
Lat. 25" 53' N.
Ouvillc, t. {""ranee, in Lower Seine, 9 m. N. by
E.Yvetot. Pop. 600.
Ousuer le Marchc, t. France^ 20 m. W. Orleans.
Pop. 1,000.
Ouzuer sur Tressee, t. France, in Loiret, 9 m.
E.Gien. Pop. 1,200.
Owasco, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Owasco lake,
3 m. S. E. Auburn. Pop. 946.
Owasco, lake, Cayuga co. N. Y. 11 miles long,
and 1 i broad. It communicates by Owasco creek
with Seneca river.
Owego, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. on the Susquehan-
nah, 10 m. S. Spencer, 170 S. W. Albany. Pop.
1,083. Here are numerous mills, and a brisk
trade is carried on, particularly in salt, gypsum,
and plaster, from Onondaga county. A printing-
press is established here.
Oivego Creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the Sus-
quehannah, near the village of Owego, after a
course of 25 miles.
Owen, t. Wirtemberg, 18 m. S. E. Stutgard.
Pop. 1,500.
Oiven, CO. Ken. adjoining Franklin county.
Owen's Tavern, p-v. Middlesex co. Va.
Owey, small isl. of the Atlantic, near the N. W.
coast of Ireland. Lon. 6" 21' W. Lat. 55" 3' N.
Owharree, harbor, on the W. co'iat of Huaheine,
one of the Society islands. Lon. 151° 8' W. Lat.
16°54'S.
Owliyhee, isl. in the North Pacific ocean, the
O X F
most easterly, and by much the largest of the
Sandwich islands. It is of a triangular shape, 97
miles long, 78 broad, and containing 4,000 square
miles. I'he northern extremity is in Ion. 204° 2'
"E. lat. 20" 17' N. The whole island is divided in-
to six large districts. Amakooa and Aheado, which
lie on the N. E. side ; Apoona and Kaoo, on the S.
£. ; Akona and Koaarta, on the W. The dis-
tricts of Amakooa and Aheado are separated by a
mountain, called Mouna Kaah, or The Mountain
Kaah, which rises in three peaks, perpetually cov-
ered with snow, and may be clearly seen at 120
miles distance. The height is estimated at 18,400
feet. To the north of this mountain the coast con-
sists of high and abrupt cliffs. The coast of Ahe-
ado is of a moderate height, and the interior parts
appear more even than the country to the N. W.
and leas broken by ravines. The coast to the N.
E. of Apoona, which forms the eastern extremity
of the island, is low and flat ; and the whole coun-
try covered with cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees.
The coast of Kaoo presents a prospect of the most
horrid and dreary kind ; the whole country ap-
pearing to have undergone a total change, from
the effects of some dreadful convulsion. The
|;round is every where covered with cinders, and
intersected in many places with black streaks,
which seem to mark the course of a lava that has
flowed not many ages back, from the mountains
to the shore. The southern promontory looks
like the mere dregs of a volcano. Notwithstand-
ing the dismal aspect of this part of the island,
there are many villages scattered over it. The
S. W. parts of Akona are in the same state with
Kaoo ; but farther to the N. the country has been
cultivated with great pains, and is extremely pop-
ulous. In this part of the island is situated Kara-
kakooa bay. Koaarta extends from the western-
most point to the N. extremity of the island ; the
whole coast between them forming an extensive
bay, called Toe-yah-yah. The country is fruit-
ful and well inhabited. On the 25th of February,
1794, Tamaalimaah, king of Owhyee, in council
with the principal chiefs of the island, assembled
on board his Britannic majesty's sloop Discovery,
in Karakakooa bay, unanimously ceded the island
to his Britannic majesty, and acknowledged them-
selves to be subjects of Great Britain. It was on
this island that the celebrated captain Cook was
killed on the 14th of February 1779. See Sand-
irich Islands.
Owingsrille, p-v. Bath co. Kentucky.
Owl Creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Mohiccon
to form Whitewoman's creek.
OwVs Head, the W. cape at the entrance of
Penobscot bay, Maine.
Oicl's Head, cape on the S. E. coast of Nova
Scotia. Lon.62°50'W. Lat. 44° 42' N.
Owlah, city, Hind, in Delhi, and district of Ba-
reily, on the W. bank of the Harowly river. Lon.
79° 35' E. Lat. 28° 10' N.
Owrnm, North, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. E.
by N. Halifax. Pop. 5,306.
Owram, South, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. E.
Halifax. Pop. 3,615.
Owslebury, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 5 m. S.
S. E. Winchester. Pop. 513.
Oxbow, Great) a remarkable bend of the river
Connecticut, in the township of Newbury, Ver-
mont, containing 450 acres of the finest meadow
land.
Oxen Creek, r. George co. Md. which runs into
the Potomac opposite Alexandria.
Oxford, one of the central coiinties of England,
O X F
551
bounded E. by Buckinghamshire, W. by Glouces-
ter, S. S. W. and S. E. by Berkshire, N. by North,
amptonshire, and N. W. by Warwickshire. Pop
in 1811, 119,191.
Oxford, city, Eng. in Oxford co. the chief town
of the county, and greatly celebrated as a seat of
learning ; its university, from the extent and num-
ber of its buildings and institutions, and the wealth
of its endowments, being by fur the greatest in the
world, and only approached in these respects by
Cambridge. It is delightfully situated on a gentle
eminence, in a valley, at the confluence of the
rivers Isis and Cherwell. The air is pure, and
the situation remarkably healthy and agreeable.
The High-street is the most beautiful in the world
for its length and breadth, for the number and el-
egance of its public buildings, and for its remarka-
ble curvature, which continually presenting new
combinations of magnificent objects to the specta-
tor as he advances, produces an uncommonly
striking effect.
The university of Oxford consists of 20 colleges
and 4 halls, each of which forms an establishment
within itself, having its own students and teach-
ers, and its own revenues and regulations, while
they are all united under the government of the
university, of which they form the members. The
students live all in their respective colleges, either
wholly at their own expense, or partly at that of
the university ; they wear a peculiar dress, and
on their entrance become members of the univer-
sity. The university acts as a corporate .body,
under a charter which received the royal assent
in the reign of Charles I. The officers by which
the university is immediately governed, are the
chancellor, the high steward, the vice chancellor,
and two proctors. In addition to private officers
in each college and hall, who see that due order
and discipline are preserved, and all the liberal
sciences read and taught, there are public lectur-
ers and professors of the following descriptions :
divinity, Hebrew, Greek, civil law, medicine,
modern history, botany, natural philosophy, as-
tronomy, geometry, ancient history, anatomy, mu-
sic, Arabic, poetry, Anglo-Saxon, common law,
and chemistry. There are 4 terms in the year at
the university, and degrees are taken in divinity,
law, physic, music, and the arts. The total number
of members in the university books is about 3,000,
1,000 of whom are maintained on the revenues of
the university, and the rest live at their own ex-
pense. The names of the 20 colleges are. All
Souls, Balliol, Brazen Nose, Christ Church, Cor-
pus Christi, Exeter, Jesus, Hertford, Lincoln,
Magdalen, Merton, New college. Oriel, Pembroke,
Queen's, St. John Baptist's, Trinity, University,
Wadham, and Worcester. Of the other public
buildings connected with the univei^sity, the pub-
lic schools form, together with the Bodleian libra
ry, and the picture gallery, a splendid quadranglf.
The Bodleian or public library comprises thrco
extensive rooms, disposed in the form of the Ro-
man H. It was founded by Humphrey, duke of
Gloucester, restored and greatly augmented by
the exertions and mimificence of sir Thomas Bod-
ley, and now probably contains one of the most
valuable collections in Europe. The Clarendon
printing-house is a large and massy edifice, built-
in 171 1, with the profits of the sale of lord Claren-
don's history of the rebellion. Here is the Clar-
endon or university press. The Radcliffe library,
one of the most splendid ornaments of the univer-
sity, was founded by Dr. Radcliffe, and completed
in 1749. The Ashmolean museum was founded in.
552
P A C
1G82. Oxford contains 14 churches, and several
places of worship for dissenters. It sends 4 mem-
bers to parliament, 2 for the city, and 2 for the
university. Pop. of the city and university in
1811, 12,932. 58 m. W. by N. London. Lon. 1°
16' W. Lat. 5r45'N.
Oxford, CO. Up, Canada, on the head of the
Thames and Grand rivers.
Oxford, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada.
Oxford, t. Oxford co. Up. Canada.
Oxford, CO. Maine, bounded E. by Somerset and
Kennebeck counties, S. by Cumberland and Ox-
ford counties, and W. by New Hampshire. Pop.
17,630. Chief town, Paris.
Oxford, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 12 m. E.
Worcester. Pop. 1,277.
Oxford, p-t. New Haven co. Ct 14 m. N. W.
New Haven. Pop. 1,453.
Oxford, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 8 m. S. Nor-
wich, 110 W. Albany. The village of Oxford
stands on Chenango river. Here is an incorpo-
rated academy. In this town are tlie remains of
an ancient fort. Pop. 2,988.
Oxford, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware,
above Trenton. Pop. 2,470.
Oxford, t. Chester co. Pa.
Oxford, t. Philadelohia co. Pa. on the Delaware,
8 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 973.
Oxford, p-t. Adams co. Pa.
Oxford, t. and port of entrv, Talbot co. Md. on
the river Treadhaven, 13 m.'S. by W. Easton, 48
S. E. Baltimore. It is a place of considerable
trade, the shipping of the port amounting in 1816,
to 13,204 tons.
Oxford, p-t. Caroline co. Va.
Oxford, p-t. Granville co. N. C. 30 m. N. by W.
Raleigh. Here are a church and 2 academies.
Oxford, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, 20 m. N. W. Cin-
cinnati. The land of this township belongs to the
Miami university.
Oxford, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 271.
Oxford, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Cam-
bridge. Pop. 440.
Oxford, t. Coshocton co. Ohio.
P A C
Oxford, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Oxford furnace, p-v. Sussex co. N. Y.
Oxford, Upper and Lower, two towns, Chester
CO. Pa. Pop. 769 and 700.
Oxney, isl. Eng. in Kent, formed by the divided
streams of the river Rother. It is about 7 miles
long, and 3 broad.
Oxus, V. Central Asia, the principal part of
whose course is through Independent Tartary. It
rises in the high lands between Thibet and Great
Bukharia, and falls into the Aral sea, after a
course of more than 1,200 miles.
Oyambre, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain. Lon,
4° 17' W. Lat. 43" 25' N.
Oyapook, r. Guiana, which enters the Atlantic,
near cape Orange.
Oyest. See Ujest.
Oyolava, one of the larger Navigator's islands,
in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 171° 25' W. Lat. 14" S.
Oyonaz, t. France, in Ain, 7 m. N. Nantua.
Pop, 1,200.
Oyskavelen, mt. on the coast of Norway, in
about lat. 64" 15' N.
Oyster Bay, p-t. Queens co. N. Y. on Long isl-
and sound, 25 m. E. New York. Pop. 4,725.
Oyster bay, South, p-v. Queens co. N. Y.
Oyster Harbor, bay, on the S. W. coast of New
Holland. It has a bar, on which there is only 17
feet water. Lon. 1 18° 15' E. Lat. 34° 58' S.
Oyster Haven, harbor, on the S. coast of Ire-
land, 3 m. E. Kinsale harbor.
Oyster Island, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland,
in Sligo bay, 4 m. W. S. W. Sligo.
Oyster Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, 9 m. S.
S. W. the N. point of Arracan river.
Oyster River, r. N. H. which rises in Lee, and
flows through Durham into Great bay.
Ozama, r. Hispaniola, which runs into the sea
below the town of St. Domingo.
Ozemnia, fort, A. Russia, in Orenbourg, on the
Oural. It is regularly fortified, and contains a
church, and 200 houses.
Osero. See Qsero and Chfrso.
P.
Paar, r. Bavaria, which flows into the Danube
from the S. below Ingolstadt.
Paasdorf, v. Lower Austria, 32 m. N. by E. Vi-
enna. Pop. 1,000.
Pabba, small isl. Scotland, on the W. coast, 2
m. fr. the isle of Sky.
Pablo, small lake of Quito, on which is a set-
tlement of the same name, 40 m. E. Quito.
Pacajes, province, Buenos Ayrcs, bounded N.
by Chucuito, N. E. by Omasuayos, E. by La Paz
and Sicasica, S.byOruro, Paria, and Carangas, W.
by the Andes. Pacajes, the capital, is 80 m. S. W.
La Paz.
Pacasmayv, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific
ocean, in lat. 7° 24' S.
Pacaudiere, La, v, France, in Loire, 14 m. N.
W. Roanne. Pop. 1,700.
Paccalongang, t. and fort on the N. coast of Ja-
va. 282 ra. E. Batavia,
Pacem, t Sumatra, the capital of a kingdom of
the same name, 120 m. S. E. Acheen.
Pachacama, t. Peru, 22 m. S. by E. Lima. Lat.
12° 19' S.
Pacheca, isl. in the bay extending from Panama
to Point Mala. Lat. 8° 3' N.
Pachete, district, Bengal, on the S. side of Dum-
raooda river. Pachete, formerly the capital, is in
lon. 86° 50' E. Lat. 23° 36' N.
Pachitea, r. Peru, is called the Pozuzo at its
confluence with the Mayro, and joins the Ama-
zons, in 8° 46' S. lat.
Pacho, t. New Granada, 14 leagues from Santa
Fe,
Pachot, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence.
Pachuco, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Mcxi-
06. It« principal trade isinsiiver. The groiuid
PAG
P A 1
5SfS
on whicii it stands is 8, 141 feet high. 45 m. N. E.
Mexico.
Pacific, a name given to the sea which lies be-
tween Asia and America, by the Spaniards, who
first navigated it, and who experiencing in their
first voyages calm and gentle weather, persuaded
themselves that it was the same all over. Subse-
quent experience, however, shewed them the con-
trary ; for although the part between the tropics
may justify that appellation, no sea is subject, in
higher latitudes, to more violent tempests. It is
remarkable for the fury of the storms in winter,
and for the dreadful agitation of its waters.
Packersfield. See JVelson.
Pacolet, r. which rises in N. Carolina, and
Hnites with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in S.
Carolina. Pacolet springs are upon it, 17 m,
above its mouth.
Pacy, t. France, on the Eure, 11 m. E. Evreux.
Pop. 1,700.
Padah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 84° 45'
E. Lat. 22° N.
Padan aram, in Sac. Geog. a name of Mesopo-
tamia.
Padang, a Dutch settlement on the W. coast of
Sumatra. It was taken by the English in 1794,
but given up in 1814. It is a great market for
gold, Lon. 99" 53' E. Lat. 0° 48' S.
Padang, small isl. near the W. coast of Borneo.
I^n. 109" 21' E. Lat. 0° 33' S.
Paddytoivn, X. Hampshire co. Va.
Padenghe, t. Austrian Italy, 13 m. E. by S.
Brescia, 26 N. by VV. Mantua.
Paderbom, t. Prussian states, in the province
of Westphalia, now subject to Prussia, 37 m. S.
by W. Minden, 58 S. W. Hanover. Pop. 5,300.
The bishopric of Paderborn, containing l,tK)0 sq.
miles, and 120,000 inhabitants, was secularized in
1802, and now belongs to Prussia.
Padiham, t Eng. in Lancashire, 3i m. W. by N.
Burnley. Pop. 2,556.
Padoah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 78° 52'
E. Lat. 21° 53' N.
Pador. See Podor.
Padstow, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the W. side of
Padstow haven. It is conveniently situated for
trade to Bristol, Wales, and Ireland. 26 m. S. W.
Launceston, 243 W. by S. London. Lon. 4° 65'
W. Lat. 50" 33' N. Pop. 1,498.
Padua, a delegation of Austrian Italy, in tlie
government of Venice. Extent, 860 sq. miles.
Pop. about 270,000.
Padua, city, Austrian Italy, cap. of the delega-
tion of the same name, in a rich and beautiful
couiatry, near the junction of the Brenta and the
Bacchiglione. The houses are, in general, lofty
and well built, and several of the public edifices
are of magnificent architecture. — The university
©f Padua v/as at one time celebrated throughout
Europe, and was resorted to by crowds of stu-
dents, even from countries beyond the Alps. It
was new modelled in 1814, and now consists of
three faculties, viz. of mathematics and philoso-
phy, medicine and law. The number of profes-
sors is 32; the average number of students not
above 300. 18 m. S. E. Vicenza, 20 W. Venice.
Lon. 1 1° 52' E. Lat. 45" 24' N. Pop. 31,000.
Padula, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 14 m. N.
Policastro. Pop. 6,000.
Paeces, city, Quito, in Popayan, 60 leagues fr.
San Juande los Llanos.
Paesarui, t. Piedmont, on the Po. Pop. 4,600.
Pagahm. nn anrient ritvof the BJrman empire,
70
on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94° 3&' E.
Lat. 21° 9' N.
Pagayos, small isl. S. America, at the mouth of
of the great river Orinoco.
Page, CO, Va, on Ohio river, separated in 1811,
from Harrison county.
Pages, 3 small rocky islets in the strait between
Kangaroo island and the main shore of New Hol-
land. Lon. 138° 21' E. Lut. 35° 46^' S.
Paglia, small r. Italy, which falls into the Ti-
ber, above Orvieto.
Pagliano, or Paliano, t. Italy, in the States of
the Church, 28 m. E. by S. Rome.
Pago, isl. in the Adriatic, in the gulf of Quar-
nero, 34 miles long. Pop. 4,000. Pago, the chief
town, is 22 m. N. W. Zara.
Pagoda Bay, bay, on the E. coast of Cochin-
China. Lon.' 109° 4' E. Lat. 12° 21' N.
Pagoua Bay, bay, on the E- coast of the island
of Dominica. Lon. 61° 19' W. Lat. 15° 18' N.
Pahang, t. Malacca, on the E. coast, 12 m. fr.
the sea, on a river, the mouth of which is in lon.
103" 36' E. lat. 3" 45' N.
Paias. See Pian.
Pailaiseau, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 7 m.
S. E. Versailles. Pop. 1,800.
Pailkes, t. France, in Arriege, 8 m. W. Pamiers.
Pop. 1,000.
Paimbmuf, s-p. France, in Loire Inferieure, on
the left bank of the Loire, near its influx into the
sea. It serves as a sea-port to Nantes. 28 m. W.
Nantes. Lon, 2" 1' 31" W. Lat. 47° 17' 15'' N.
Pop. 4,300.
Paimpol, s-p. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 25 m.
S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,700.
Paimponf, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 25 m.
W. Rennes. Pop. 3,700.
Painesville, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, at the mouth of Grand river. The village is
built on the W. bank of the river, about 3 miles
from its mouth. Painesville lias a good harbour,
and is a flourishing place. A bridge, 400 feet
long, is here thrown across the river.
Painexille, p-t. Amelia co. Va.
Painglon, v. Eng. on the sea-coast of Devon-
shire, 6 m. E. Totness. Pop. 1,639.
Painswick, t. Eng. in Gloucester, on a brooR
which runs into the Stroud. 7 m. S. E. Glouces-
ter, 101 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 11' W. hat
51°47'N. Pop. 3.201.
Painf, t. IIighla#'#o. Ohio. Pop. 775.
Painf, t. Fayetteco. Ohio. Pop. 534.
Paint, t. Waynetp. Ohio, 14 m. S. E. Wooste^.
Pop. 1819, 445.
Paint, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek, 15 m»
S. W. Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 685.
Paint Creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Scioto on
the W. side, 5 m. below Chillicothe.
Painted Post, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Ti-
oga, 20 m. S. E. Bath, 234 W. S. W. Albany. Pop.
954.
Painter's cross-roads, p-v. Delaware co. Pa.
Painters Harbour, on the W. coast of Cape
Breton island. Lon. 61° 16' W. Lat. 46° 22' N.
Paintville, p-t. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E.
Wooster.
Paishau-ur. See Peshawur.
Paisley, a large and opulent manufacturing t.
Scotland, on the banks of the Wiiite Cart, in Ren-
frew CO. It contains 16 churches, of which 6 be-
long to the established church. The chief archi-
tectural ornament of the town, is the Abbey
chrrch. which ha- •^frvivrd IHp r^'volntion'^ <tf
554
PAL
many centuries. Paisley is celebrated for its
manufactures, particularly for all kinds of fancy
goods in silk and cotton, goods which, for elegance
and beauty, are altogether unrivalled. It is the
chief seat of the fancy muslin manufacture. About
5,000 looms are employed in it. Cotton spinning
and the weaving of coarse cottons for printing,
and of cotton sheeting, are also extensively car-
ried on. In 1805, the various manufactures em-
ployed 29,030 persons, and the value produced
was about 1,500,000/. For the trade of Paisley,
considerable facilities are afforded by the river
navigation, and by the Ardrossan canal. I'he
navigation of the White Cart has been improved
ifo, that vessels of from 40 to 50 tons can now easily
come up and unload at the q^iays. Pop. in 1782,
17,700; in 1792, 24,592; in 1801, 31,179; 1811,
36,722 ; and in ] 820, about 46,000. 7 m. S. by W.
Glasgow, 17 S. E. Greenock, and 3 S. of the Clyde.
Lon.4''22'W. Lat. 55°58'N.
Paita, city, Peru, on the coast of the Pacific
ocean, with a good and well frequented port. 494
m. N. W. Lima, 192 S. W. Guayaquil. Lon. 80°
50' W. Lat.5°5'S.
Paitan, district on the N. E. coast of Borneo,
containing a bay and river of the same name.
Pajaro, or Paxaros, islands on the coast of Chili,
29 m. N. N. W. of the bay of Coquimbo.
Paka, A''cw, t. Bohemia, 9 m. E. N. E. Gitschin.
Pop. 1,700.
Pakefield, v. Eng. in Suffolk, on the shore of the
German ocean, 2 m. S. S. VV. Lowestoff. Pop.
328.
Pakenham, Point, low point of an inlet in Prince
William sound, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lon. 219° 29' E. Lat. 60" 59i N.
Pakir, s-p. on the coast of Hadramaut, in Ai-a-
bia, 132 m. S. W. Ilassec, 25 E. Dofar.
Pakratz, t. Austrian states, in Sclavonia, 23 m.
W. N. W. Posega. It is the see of the Greek
bishop of Sea vonia. Pop. 1,500.
Paks, t. Hungarv, near the Danube, G2 m. S.
Buda. Lon. 18'^ 52' 45" E. Lat. 46" 37' 36' N.
Palachy, t. India, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 77° 8'
E. Lat. 11° 47' N.
Palacios, Los, t. Spain, 13 m. S. by E. Seville.
Paliz-schory, v. Greece, in the Morea, occupy-
ipg the site of the ancient Sparta.
Palafugel, t. and promontory, Spain, in Cata-
lonia, near Palamos, and 28 m. E. S. E. Gerona.
Palagonia, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 30 m,
N. W. Syracuse.
Palaio Phanaro, v. Greece, in the IMorea, 7 m.
S. E. Phloka.
Palamcofta, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
42'E.Lat. ir46'N.
Palamcofta, t. India, in Tinncvelley. Lon. 77°
50' E. Lat. 8° 42' N.
Pahimos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on a bay of the
-''Jediterranean, 27 m. E. S. E. Gerona.
Palamow, district, Bengal. Palamow, the cap-
liul, is on the E. side of Coyle river. Lon. 78° 10'
E. Lat. 23" 52' N.
Palanda, province, Quito, with a town of the
same name, on the river Falanda. Lat. 4" 48' S.
Palanh, v. Hungary, 25 m. N. E. Gran.
Palaputty^ t. India, in Dindigul. Lon. 78° 10'
E. Lat. 10"40' N.
Palar, r. India, which rises in Mysore, and after
a course of 220 miles, falls into the bay of Bengal,
near Sadras.
Palatinate, Lower, or Palatinate of the Rhine,
formerly a province of Germany, on the "NV.
PAL
side of the Rhine, between 49° and 50° N. lat. "Ex^
tent, 1,600 square miles. Pop. 305,000. In 1814,
the northern part was ceded to Hesse-Darmstadt,
and the southern part to Austria, who ceded it the
following year to Bavaria, as part of the indemni-
ties for the Tyrol and Salzburg.
Palatinate, Upper, formerly a province of Ger-
many, bordering on Bohemia, and now formir^
part of the circles of the Regen and the Upper
Maine, in the kingdom of Bavaria. Area, 2,760
square miles. Pop. 290,000.
Palatine, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the N-
side of the Mohawk, 51 m. W. N. W. Albany.
Pop. 3,111.
Palatine Bridge, p- v. Montgomery co. N. Y.
Palatsha, v. Natolia, in Asia Minor, near the
coast of the Mediterranean. It is supposed by
Spon to be on the site of the ancient Miletus. Lon.
27°12'E. Lat. 37° 31' N.
Palawan Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, lying north
of Borneo. It is about 275 miles long and 32 broad.
It is little known to Europeans.
Palaeolo, t. Piedmont, 12 m. W. N. W. Casale,
27 E.N. E.Turin.
Palazzolo, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 20 m. W.
Syracuse. Pop. 6,000.
Palazzulo, t. Tuscany, 23 m. N. E. Florence.
Palazzuolo, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 14
m. E. S. E. Bergamo. Pop. 3,100.
Palcuti JVor, or Balkash, lake of Northern Tar-
tary, 700 m. E. from the Aral. It is about 20O
miles long from N. to S. and 1 10 from E. to W.
Palcote, t. Bengal, in Chuta Nagpore. Lon. 85'
E. Lat. 22° 58' N.
Pake. See Paulee.
Puke, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 79° 49' E. Lat..
27° 32^ N.
Palembang, a district of Sumatra, on the N. E
coast, extending along the river Palembang. The
articles of commerce supplied by this country are,
pepper, rattans, silk, cotton, damor, ivory, sul-
phur, salt, wax, rice, tobacco, areca, buffaloes,
and gold. The pepper trade at Palembang wa?
fonnerly exclusively in the hands of the Dutch ;
but the most considerable article of commerce
was the tin of Banca. The power of the monarch
is unlimited. He has no revenue except what is
derived from his monopolies. The Mahometan re-
ligion prevails throughout all the dominions of the
sultan. In 1812, the kingdom of Palembang was
conquered by a handful of British troops under
the orders of colonel Gillespie. The sultan, who
had made himself universally odious by his atro-
cious cruelties, and particularly obnoxious to the
British by his unprovoked massacre of the Euro-
peans resident in his capital, was dethroned, and
his brother raised to the throne in his stead.
Palembang, or Palimbang, the capital of the
above district, and the emporium of the inland
commerce of Sumatra, is on the left bank, and
above the Delta of the river Palembang, about 60
miles from the sea. Lon. 104° 54' E. Lat. 2° 58'
51" S. Pop. between 20 and 30,000.
Palembang, r. on which the above city is situ-
ated, falls into the straits of Banca, in lat. 2" 18' S.
and ion. 105° 8' E. There is a bar on which the
depth is only two fathoms and a quarter at low wa-
ter.
Pakmberdy, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78° 23'
E. Lat. 9° 26' N.
Pakncia, district, Spain, comprising the N. E.
part of the province of Leon. Area, 1,820 square
mile;. Pop. 119,000,
PAL
Palencia, the chief town of the above provincp,
9 on the river Carrion, 65 m. S. E. Leon, 122 N.
by W . Madrid. Lon. 4" 34' W. Lat. 42° 10' N.
Pop. 8,300.
Paiepoli, s-p. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 120 m.
S. Konieh.
Palermo, a large and beautiful city of Sicily,
the capital of the island, situated on the N. coast.
It stands on the W. shore of a bay, in an extensive
and beautiful plain. The principal streets are
spacious and handsome ; the houses have in gen-
eral something striking in their architecture. As
to fortifications, Palermo on the sea side is not
strong, while on the land side it is altogether open.
The number of religious establishments is sur-
prising, there being above 40 monasteries, and 50
convents ; and in the magnificence of its churches,
Palermo is second only to Rome. The university
has an observatory, along with cabinets of medals
and natural curiosities. The trade of Palermo is
not very extensive. Its port is capable of contain-
ing 30 sail of the line, and several hundred mer-
chantmen. It is well fortified, but open to the
north-east winds, which are sometimes violent
and dangerous. Palermo was the residence of
the court of Naples during their exclusion from
their capital from 1806 to 1815. At present it is
the seat of the viceroy of the Sicilian parliament,
and of the chief boards of the island administra-
tion. It is likewise the see of an archbishop, who
has the title of primate of Sicily. It has suffered
repeatedly from earthquakes. 130 m. W. Messi-
na, 200 S, by W. of Naples. Lon. of the observa-
vatory, 13° 20' E. Lat. 38° 6' N. Pop. about
130,00(\
Palermo, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. E.
Wiscasset, 220 from Boston. Pop. 761.
Palest me, a country of Asia, within the limits of
tJie Turkish empire, bounded N. by Syria, and ly-
ing on both sides of the Jordan, between the desert
of Arabia and the Mediterranean on the W. On
the return of the children of Israel from Egypt, it
was divided by Joshua among the twelve tribes ;
Judah, Benjamin, Simeon, Dan, Ephraim, Zebu-
Ion. Naphtali, and part of Manasseh, had their
portion allotted on the western, commonly called
this side of Jordan ; while Reuben, Gad, and the
remaining part of Manasseh, were placed on the
E. side, commonly called beyond Jordan. The
Romans, on obtaining possession of this country,
divided the part of it on this side of Jordan into
three tetrarchies, Judea proper in the S., Samaria
in the middle, and Galilee in the north. The
former consisted of the tribes of Jiidah, Benjamin,
Dan, and Simeon. Samaria comprehended the
tribes of Ephraim, Issachar, and partof Manas?ch.
Galilee fornied the fine inland territory on the
lake of Tiberias, the former possession of the tribes
of Zebulon, Asser, and Naphthali. The region to
the east of Jordan was divided into the smaller
districts of Persea, Decapolis, Gaulonitis, Galaa-
ditis, Batanffia, and Auranitis.
Few countries are distinguished by greater va-
riety of surfece than Palestine. Some have rep-
resented it as barren ; but this character can ap-
ply only to some of the mountainous districts
around and to the east of Jerusalem. According
to the best informed travellers, the greater part of
Palestine displays a truly luxuriant fertility, and
corresponds entirely to the description of the
promised land. Judea proper, comprising the
territory between the Dead sea and the Mediter-
rajiean, is composed of a range of limestone hill°,
PAL
551
rising as it were by stages from the level of the
Mediterranean. The plain extending along that
sea, though now neglected, appears to be exces-
sively rich. As the tract ascends, it becomes rug-
ged and rocky, so that the road from Jafia to Je-
rusalem is very steep and difficult. The sides of
the mountains, however, are fitted for the vine,
the olive, the sycamore, and are crowned with
natural groves of oak and cypress. Between these
mountains are interposed vallies, which are cov-
ered with plentiful crops of tobacco, wheat, bar-
ley, and millet. These mountains are tenanted
by the wildest Arabs, who find lurking places in
the numerovis caves which are cut out of the
mountains. On reaching the summit of these suc-
cessive ranges, the traveller discovers the coun-
try round Jerusalem, which wears a dry, rugged,
and stony aspect. There is reason to believe, how-
ever, that ancient industry, under a protecting
government, had rendered even these tracts highly
productive. Traces may still be found of walb
by which the earth was formerly supported, of cis-
terns Avhere the rain water was collected, and of
canals, by which it was distributed through the
fields. In proceeding eastward to the shoi-es of
the Dead sea, the scene becomes more decidedly
barren. Gloomy and naked rocks, stones, sand,
and ashes, are the only objects which there present
themselves.
Samaria is mountainous, but flourishing, well
cultivated, and carries on a considerable trade.
Corn, silk, and olives, are produced abundantly in
its plains.
'To the north of Samai ia, is Galilee, celebrated
in scripture history as the scene of our Saviour's
first preaching and miracles. Perhaps there are
fe-w spots on the globe more distinguished by nat-
ural beauty and fertility. The plain of Esdraelon,
two days journey in length, and twenty miles in
breadth, is described by Dr. Clarke as one vast
meadow, covered with the richest pasture. The
lake of Tiberias, or Gennesareth, is surrounded
by lofty and picturesque hills, the sides of which
were once highly cultivated, and its banks covered
with flourishing towns, now almost deserted. The
regions beyond Jordan include many tracts once
fertile and flourishing.
Few countries are more unfortunately situated
as to political relations, than modern Palestine.
If suffers equally from the tyranny and weakness
of the Turkish government, and from the hordes
of Arabs who fill every part of the surrounding
deserts. The Turks occupy all the civil and mili-
tary posts, and the Greeks form a very numerous
part of the population ; but tlie country districts
are filled to a great extent with Nomadic Arabs.
A considerable number oi Christian monks still
reside in the Holy Land ; and there is no consid-
erable town which docs not contain at least one
convent. Their cheats, however, are often so
palpable, that travellers, unable to discriminate,
have considered the whole mass of topographical
evidence concerning the Holy Land, as one tissue
of imposture. In 1,819, two missionaries, in the
employment of tlie American Board of Commis-
sioners lor Foreign Missions, embarked at Boston
for Asia Minor, with a view to their ultimate resi-
dence as missionaries in the Holy Land.
Palestine, p-t. Lawrence co. Indiana.
Palestrina, t. Italy, in the States of the Church.
20 m. E. Rome. It is the sec of a bishop. Pop.
3,000. It occupies the site of theancient Praeneste.
Palestrina, U Austrian Italy, on a long and nar<
556
PAL
row island of the Lagunes, 6 m. S. Veiucfc. Yop.
6,000.
Palety t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 12 m. S.
Nantes, Pop, 1,400,
Palette, Cape, cape on the S, coast of Celebes,
in Bony bay, Lon. ISU-* 4{J' E. Lat, 2" 20' S,
Palgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 86° 15' E.
Lat 24" 5' N.
Palhaunpore, t. Hind, in Gujarat, Lon, 72" 35'
E. Lat, 24° 44' N.
Paliacode, or Pallicode, t. India, 11m, W, Da-
ram pouri,
Paliacur, t. Ceylon, on tlie W. coast. Lon, 80°
14' E, Lat, Q" 33' N,
Palicaud, or Palighautclieri/, t. India, in Mala-
bar, situated in the middle of the Teak forests, on
Paniany river. In 1792, it was ceded to the Brit-
ish, Lon. 76" 50' E, Lat. 10" 50' N.
Palinguir, one of the Philippine islands, about
15 miles in circumference, N, of Cape Engano on
the island of Lucon,
Palinuro, Cape, promontory on the coast of Na-
ples, near the entrance of the gulf of Policastro.
Lon, 15° 10' E, Lat. 40° 2' N.
Paliseul, t, Netherlands, in the grand duchy of
Luxemburg, 20 m, S. E, Charlemont, Pop. 800.
Palisse, i. France, in AUier, 28 m. S. E. Mou-
iins. Pop. 3,000.
Paliuri, Cape, cape on the coast of Eu. Tur-
key, in the gulf of Salonica. Lon. 23° 46' E. Lat.
39''50N.
Palkah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 13' E. Lat.
32° 58' N.
Palk's Straits, arm of the sea, which separates
Ceylon from tlie coast of Coroniandel.
Palla, small isl. in the Eastern seas, about 6
miles in circumference, S. of Sangir. Lon. 125°
30' E. Lat. 3° 5' N.
Pallansa, t. Sardinian states, on a point of land
projecting into the Lago Maggiore, 32 m. N. No-
vara. Pop. 1,300.
Pallaincino. See Busseto.
Palli, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, 85 m. N. E.
Diarbekir.
Pallinges, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 7 m.
N. N. W, CharoUes. Pop. 1, 100.
Palliser, Cape, cape on the E. coast of New
Britain. Lon. 151" 25' E. Lat. 4° 22' S.
Palliser, Cape, New Zealand, the N. E. point
of Cook's strait. Lon. 183" 58' W. Lat. 41° 34' S.
Palliser'' s Islands, cluster of islands in the Pacif-
ic ocean. Lon. 146" 30' W. Lat. 15° 38' S.
Palluav, t. France, in Indre, on the river Indre,
20 m. N. W. Chateauroux. Pop. 1,300.
Palm Islands, chain of islands near the N. E.
f.oast of New Holland, extending about 30 miles.
Lon. 213° 25' W. Lat. 18" 53' S.
Palma, isl. off the coast of Africa, forming part
of the group of the Canaries, 25 miles long, and 15
broad. The coasts are very fertile, and produce
wine for exportation, sugar, silk, almonds, honey,
and wax. Pop. according to Hiunbolt, 22,600.
Palma, the capital of the island of Majorca, in
the Mediterranean, at the bottom of a large bay.
The chief employments of the inhabitants are
weaving woollens and silk, along with some trade
and navigation. The harbour, though not exten-
sive, is secure : it has a mole of nearly three
quarters of a mile in length, defended by two
strong forts. Palma was long the capital of Ma-
jorca when a kingdom, and is still the residence
of the chief magistrates of the Balearic and Pithy-
nsae islands. 345 in. E. by S. Madrid, 133 S. by
PAL
W. Barcelona. Lon. 1° 39' W. Lat. 42'' 49' 57'
N. Pop. about 30,000.
Palma, t. Sicily, on the sea coast. It is noted
for the sulphur made in its vicinty, of which, since
1806, cargoes are annually shipped to England. 12
m. S. S. E. Girgenti. Pop. 6,000.
Palma, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 38 m. W. S. W.
Cordova. Pop. 4,200.
Palma, t. Austrian states, in Friuli, near Aqui-
leia. Pop. 2,000.
Palma, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 28 m. E.
Setubal.
Palma, J^uestra Senora de la, city. New Grana-
da, on the E. shore of the river Magdalcna, 54 m.
N. W. Santa Fe, 68 W. by S. Tunja. Lon. 74"
50' 30" VV. Lat. 5° 8' N.— Itis the name of several
other inconsiderable settlements in S. America.
Palma, Cape, promontory on the E. coast of It-
aly. Lon. 13" 50' E. Lat. 43" 3' N.
Palma di Solo, s-p. Sardinia, 15 m. S. E. Villa
de Iglesias. Lon. 6° 24' E. Lat. 39° 2^ N.
Palmajolo, isl. belonging to Tuscany, between
the island of Elba and the mainland, 5 m. S. by
W. Piombino. Lon. 9" 35' E. Lat. 42° 33' N.
Pabnanova, or Palma Kuova, t. and fort, Aus-
trian Italy, 10 m. S. by E. Udina, 53 E. N. E. Ve^
nice. Pop. 4,500.
Palmar, r. Quito, in Guyaquil, which enters
the Babahayo, in lat. 1° 45' S.
Palmar, r. Benin, in Africa, which falls into the
Atlantic, in lon. 3" E. lat. 6° 25' N.
Palmar, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 5° 30' S.
Palmaria, small isl. Italy, in the gulf of Genoa,
Lon. 9° 40' E. Lat. 44" 4' N.
Palmarola, isl. on the W. coast of Italy, opposite
Terracina. Lon. 12" 55' E. Lat. 41° 3' N.
Palmas, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 26 leagues fr.
Cape Corrientes.
Palmas, Salazar de las, city. New Granada, 50
m. N. N. W. Pamplona.
Palmas, Cividad de las, cap. of the island of
Grand Canary. Pop. 9,437.
Palmas, t. and cap. of the island of Gomera.
Palmas, Cape, Africa, the N. cape at the en-
trance into the gulf of Guinea, and the W. ter-
mination of the Ivory coast. There is a road here,
affording good shelter against southerly winds.
Palme, Elang de, bay, on the S. coast of France,
in Eure. Lon. 3" G' E. Lat. 42° 57' N.
Palmela, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 6 m. N.
Setubal. Pop. 3,600.
Palmer, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. E. Spring-
field, 71 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,114.
Palmera, Cape, promontory of the island of
Formentera., in the Mediterranean. Lon. 1° 30'
E. Lat. 38° 42' N.
Palmerin, v. Baol, in W. Africa. Lon. 16° 21'
W. Lat. 13" 50' N.
Palmero, Cape, promontory on the E. coast of
Sardinia. Lon. 9" 56' E. Lat. 39° 40' N.
Pabnerston, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of
New Holland. Lon. 210° 54' W. Lat. 21° 30' S.
Palmerston Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, or
rather a group of small islets, eight or nine in
number, connected together by a reef of coral
rocks. Lon. 163" 10' W. Lat. 18° 4' S.
Palmertou-n, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y.
PalmeLlo creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the
Oconee, about 12 m. below Dublin.
Palmetto, Point, cape, on the N. coast of Ja-
maica. Lon. 76° 20' W. Lat. 18° 18' N.
PAL
Palmetto, Point, cape, on the S. coast of Jamai-
ca. Lon. 77° 57' W. Lat. 18° 7' N.
Palrniras, a celebrated point of land at the head
of the bay of Bengal, which all vessels bound to
Calcutta endeavour to make. The East India
company have lately erected a light-house here.
Lon. 87° 5' E. Lat. 20" 44' N.
Palmiste, Point, cape, on the N. side of St. Do-
mingo, 3 leagues S. Point Portugal, 5 E. Port de
Paix.
Palmyra, the ruins of a great city in the heart
of the desert of Syria. It appears to have been
founded by Solomon, under the appellation of Tad-
mor, and from its situation was called Tadmor in
the Wilderness. It is related, however, to have
been afterwards destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar;
and the present remains being evidently of Gre-
cian origin, cannot be supposed to be those of the
city of Solomon. In what manner, and at what
period, the city rose to that distinguished wealth
and splendour which its ruins attest, has been no
where distinctly recorded ; and as to the steps or
the period at which it sunk into its present state of
total desolation, history is silent. — Of all the re-
mains which exhibit the art of Greece and the
opulence of Asia united, none equal the extent
and magnificence of those of Palmyra. The prin-
cipal and most entire ruin is that of the Temple
of the Sun. — This once splendid city is now in-
habited by about thirty Arab families, who have
built their huts in the court of the great temple.
Lon. 38° 48' E. Lat. 34° 29' N.
Palmyra, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 28 m. E. Nor-
ridgewock, 215 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 188.
Palmyra, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Erie ca-
nal, 12 m. N. E. Canandaigua, 233 W. Albany.
The village is a place of considerable business.
Pop. 2,187.
Palmyra, p-t. Lebanon co. Pa.
Palmyra, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 336.
Palmyra, p-t. Martin co. N. C.
Palmyra, t. Mississippi, at Palmyra Bend, about
25 m. below Walnut liills.
Palmyra, p-t. Montgomery co. Ten. on the
Cumberland, 40 m. below Nashville.
Palmyra, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Ra-
venna. Pop. in 1815, 600.
Palmyra, p-t. and cap. Edwards ca Illinois, on
the Wabash, 20 m. below Vincennes.
Palnaud, district, India, in the Carnatic, be-
tween 16° and 17° N. lat. on the S. side of the river
Kistnah. It was ceded to the British in 1801.
The chief towns are Macheria, Timerycotta, and
Currumconda.
Palo, t. Diarbekir in A. Turkey, on the Eu-
phrates, 60 m. N. Diarbekir. Pop. 8,000.
Palo, Cape, Albania, in the Adriatic. Lon. 19°
10' E. Lat. 41° 44' N.
Paiomas, Jsla de los, isl. in the gulf of Venezue-
la, N. of the city of Maracaibo. Lat. 10° 56' N.
Palombara, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
9 m. N. W. Tivoli.
Palonque, cape, on the S. side of St. Domingo.
Lon. 70° 37' W. Lat. 18° 13' N.
Palos, t. on the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 1 19°
39' E. Lat. 0°56'S.
Palos, Cape, promontory, Spain, on the coast of
Murcia. Lon. 0° 41' W. Lat. 37° 37' 15" N.
Palos de Moguer, t. Spain, in Seville, near the
mouth of the Tinto. It is the port from which
Columbus sailed in 1492, on the voyage in which
he discovered America. 4 m. S. Moguer, Lon. 6°
58' W. Lat. 37° 10' N. Pop. 500.
P A M
557
Palota, t. Hungary, 8 m. W. S. W. Stuhl Weis^
semburg. Pop. 4,000.
Palotsa, or Palosca, t. Hungary, 19 m. E. N.E.
Kesraark.
Palpah, district, Hind, subject to the rajah of
Nepaul. Palpah, the capital, is on the banks of
the river Gunduck. Lon. 82° 55' E. Lat. 28°
11' N.
Palu, Miss, 2 small islands near the N. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 132° 29' 3(7' E. Lat. 0° 19'
57" S.
Palud, t. France, in Vaucluse, 14 m. N. W. Or-
ange, 30 N. by W. Avignon. Pop. 1,600.
Palvde, t. Erzerum, in Turkish Armenia. Lon.
39° 14' E. Lat. 38' 35' N.
Pamada, t. Birman empire, on the banks of the
Irawuddy river, 24 m. N. Prome.
Pamalang, t, on the N. coast of Java. Lon. 108°
28' E. Lat. 6° 45' N.
Pamanookan, t. Java, 80 m. E. Batavia. The
cape of this name is in lon. 107° 54' E. lat. 6° 12'N.
Pambamarca, mountain of Quito, covered with
perpetual snow, 20 m. N. Quito.
Pamboon, t. Celebes, on the N. W. coast, about
100 miles from Macassar.
Pamelia, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river,
taken in 1819 from Brownville.
Pamiers, t. France, on the river Arriege, 12 m.
W. Mirepoix, 14 N. Tarascon. Lon. 1° 35' 36'' E.
Lat. 53° 6' 44" N. It is the see of a bishop. Pop.
2,200.
Pamisos, modern name Pirnassa, r. Greece, in
the Morea, flowing from Mount Ithome to the seSt.
Pamlico. See Tar River.
Pamlico Sound, large bay on the coast of N.
Carolina, 86 miles long, and from 10 to 20 broad.
It is separated from the Atlantic ocean by a beach
of sand, hardly a mile wide, generally covered
with small trees or bushes. 'Through this bank
are several small inlets, by which boats may pass ;
but Ocrecoke is the only one tliat will admit ves-
sels of burden. This sound communicates with
Core and Albemarle sounds, and receives Tar riv-
er,and the river Neuse, besides other small streams.
Pampas, extensive plains of S. America, in Bue-
nos Ay res, and which extends S. into Patagonia.
They cover many thousand square miles, and
abound with a tall and luxuriant herbage, which
affords subsistence to innumerable herds of cattle
and horses. The west winds meeting with no in-
terruption, sweep over those pampas with une-
qualled fury. These winds are often dangerous to
vessels navigating the river Plate, and are called
pamperos.
Pampas del Sacmmen/o, vast plains of S.America,
to the E. of the Andes. They stretch out to the
extent of nearly 8,000 square leagues, between
the Ucayale and the limits of the Portuguese ter-
ritories, and are bounded on the N. by the river
Amazons.
Pampelonne, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. Alby,
Pop. 1,800.
Pampeluna, or Pamplona, t. Spain, and cap. of
Navarre, is situated on the Ai^a. It stands partljf
on an eminence, partly on a plain, and is surrouh-
ded by mountains, at the distance of six or eight
miles. The town is fortified, but derives its chief
defence from two castles, one in the inside, the
other on the outside of the walls. The latter is
the citadel, and is of great strength, being situated
on a rock, of which the only accessible part is cov-
ered by a morass. It has long been accounted one
of the principal strong holds, not only of Navarre,
558
PAN
PAN
but of the north of Spain. 62 m. E. S. E. Bilboa,
200 N. E. Madrid. Lon. 1° 40' 53" W. Lat. 42° 49'
57" N. Pop. 14,000.
Pamper, t. Hind, in Cashmere, on the N. bank of
the Jhylum. Lon. 73° 13' E. Lat. 34° 19' N.
Pamphylia, in Sac. Geog. country of Antolia, in
Asia, bounded N. by Galatia and Cappadocia, E.
by Cilicia, S. by the Mediterranean, and W. by
Lycia and Lesser Phrygia.
Pamplona, city. New Grenada, 185 m. N. E.
Santa Fe, 156 W. S. W. Truxillo. Lon. 72° 21'
W.Lat. 7°1'N.
Pampus, channel of the Zuyder Zee, leading to
the harbour of Amsterdam, and the only passage
by which ships can reach that port.
Pamunki/, r. Virginia, formed by the North and
South Anna. It unites with the Mattapony at Del-
aware to form York river.
Panagur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 88° 16' E.
Lat. 25° 20' N.
Panama, a province in New Granada, bounded
N. by the Spanisli Main, E. by the province of Da-
rien, S. by the Pacific ocean, and W. by Veragua.
Pajiama, city and seaport, S. America, on the
isthmus of Daricn, at the bottom of a large bay of
the Pacific ocean, and cap. of a province. When
the trade of Spanish America with the mother
country was carried on by means of galleons, Pa-
nama was a commercial depot, both for the goods
oi America and Europe. It is still remarkable for
its fine bay, which is studded with islands. In this
bay was formerly established a famous fishery for
pearls. Lon. 79° 19' W. Lat. 9° 0' 30" N. Pop.
10,000.
Panamao, one of the Philippine islands, about
15 miles in circumference. Lon. 124° 15' E. Lat.
ii°2r N.
Panaon, or Panahan, one of the Philippine isl-
ands, about 45 miles in circumference. Lon. 125°
12'E.Lat. 10°rN.
Panapa Island, isl. at the mouth of the Orinoco.
Between this island and the N. cOaat, is the prin-
cipal channel of the river.
Panar, r. India, which falls into the sea at Fort
St. David.
Panaraga, or Panarogo, t. Java, 60 m. E. Ma-
tar an.
Panaria, isl. Sicily, in the Lipari group, situated
between Lipari and Stromboli, 28 m. nearly N. of
Melazzo. It is only 8 miles in circuit. Lon. 15°
21' E. Lat. 38° 40' N.
Panaro, r. Italy, in the duchy of Modena, which
falls into an arm of the Po.
Panaroocan, t. Java, 20 m. W. Cape Sandana.
Here is a Dutch fort.
Panay. See Pany.
Pancalleri, t. Piedmont on the Po, 16 ra. S. Tu-
rin. Pop. 2,500.
Pancawir, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 76° 6' E.
Lat. 24° 14' N.
Panchberarah, t. Hind, in Cashmei'e. Lon. 75°
E. Lat. 34° 32' N.
Punches, a province of NcwGranada, 15 leagues
long, from E. to W. and 12 wide fx-om N. to S.
The capital is Tocaima.
Panco, Point, the N. E. extremity of the island
of Java, at the mouth of the western entrance of
the straits of Madura. Lon. 112° 44' E. Lat. 6°
48' S.
Pancsova, t. Hungary, at the confluence of the
Temes and the Danube, 8 m. N. E. Belgrade.
Ion. 28° 37' 45" E. Lat, 44° 49' 40" N. Pop.
7,000.
Pandang, t. on the W. coast of the island of
Celebes. Lon. 120° E. .Lat. 3" 33' S.
Pandar, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75° 16' E,
Lat. 33° 17' N.
Pando, r. Buenos Ayres, which enters the Plata
at its mouth. It is also the name of a parish of
Buenos Ayres, 20 m. N. E. Monte Video. Lon,
55"49'W. Lat. 34° 41' S.
Pandour, or Pandur, v. Hungary, 26 m. S. Co-
locsa.
Panella, or Pennala, t. Hind, in Dowletabad,
15 m. N. E. Damaun.
Panerazio di Barbarona, t. Austrian Italy, 12
m. S. Vicenza.
Panermo, s-p. in the small island of Skopelos,
in the Grecian archipelago.
Pangatarran, isl. in the Eastern seas, one of the
Sooloo archipelago, about ten miles long, by four
broad. It is an entire bed of coral rock, and of a
very thin soil. Lon. 120" 30' E. Lat. 6" 9' N.
Pangesana, Pangesani, or Pangansane, isl. in
the Eastern seas, S. of Celebes, and separated
from the island of Bouton, by a narrow strait. It
is about 60 miles long, and 16 broad. Lon. 122°
50' E. Lat. 5° 5' S.
Panguei, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
coast of Queda. Lon. 100° 5' E. Lat. 5" 50' N.
Panha, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79° 10' E.
Lat. 30° 18' N.
Paniany, s-p. India, in Malabar, on Palicaud
river. The exports are teak timber, pepper, rice,
iron, and cocoa nuts. Lon. 76° E. Lat. 10° 44' N.
Panicocolo, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 22
m. N.W. Naples. Pop. 2,200.
Paniput, t. Hind, in Delhi, celebrated for a
great battle in 1761, between the Mahometan
combined armies and the Mahrattas, in which the
latter were defeated. Lon. 76° 50' E. Lat.29°23'N.
Panissiere, t. France, in Loire, 21 m. W. by N.
Lyons. Pop. 3,200.
Panjang, small isl. near the E. coast of Borneo,
Lon. 117° 59' E. Lat. 2° 15' N.
Panjang, isl. near the W. coast of Siam, about
40 miles in circumference. Lon. 98° 42' E. Lat.
8°N.
Panjang, small isl. near the N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon. 135° 25' E. Lat. 3° 18' S.
Panlang, t. Birman empire, in Pegu, on the
Rangoon branch of the Irrawuddy river, 16 m. N.
W. Rangoon.
Pannah, t. Hind, in Allahabad, near some of the
celebrated diamond mines. Lon. 80° 17' E. Lat.
24° 43' N.
Pannanach, or Pannanich, v. Scotland, in Ab-
erdeenshire, noted for its mineral water?.
Panncla, t. and fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lon.
74°57'E. Lat. 16° 50' N.
Pannela, New, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74"
20' E. Lat. 17° N.
Panormo, t. Natolia, in A. Turkey, on the S.
coast of the sea of Marmora, 16 m. S. E. Artaki.
Punsang, or Pulo Pansang, small isl. in the
gulf of Siam. Lon. 103° 30' E. Lat. 9° 15' N.
Panse, r. Indiana, which flows into the N. side
of the Wabash, a little above the junction of the
Tippecanoe.
Pant, r. Eng. in Essex, which falls into the
Blackwatcr, below Little Braxted.
Pantelaria, the ancient Cosyra, isl. in the Med-
iterranean belonging to Sicily. 60 m. from Mar-
sala (in Sicily), and about the same distance from
Cape Bon, near Tunis. Lon. 8° 26' E. Lat. 36'
45' N. Pop. 6,000.
PAP
Panter, isl. in the Eastern seas, 30 miles long,
by 12 broad. Lon. 124" 30' E. Lat 8" 10' 3.
Panther' s creek, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Pantin, v. France, 3 ra. E. N. E. Paris. Ppp.
1,200.
Pantina, Cape, cape on the N. coast of Minor-
ca. • Lon. 4" 7' E. Lat. 40° 4' N.
Pnnton, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Champlain,
25 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 520.
Paniico, t. Mexico, 143 m. N. Mexico. Lon.
98''52'W. Lat. 22° 48' N.
Panwell, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, 27 m. E.
Bombay, on the Pan, about 7 m. from its mouth.
{t now belong;s to the British, and is in lon. 73° 13'
E. lat. 19" N.
Pany Isle, one of the Philippine isles, 110 miles
long, by 38 broad. The principal establishments
of the Spaniards on this island, are at llo-ilo and
Antigua. Lon. 122° 33' E. Lat. 11° 15' N.
Panza, t. on the S. coast of the island of Ischia,
in the bay of Naples.
Pao, Han Juan Baplislo del, city of the Carac-
cas, in Venezuela, situated on the river Pao, which
falls into the Apure. 150 m. S. W. Caraccas. Lat.
9° 20' N. Pop. 5,400.
Pao, Conception del, t. Caraccas, in Barcelona,
84 m. S. E. Caraccas, 165 from Cumana.
Pao, Conception del. See Quillota.
Pao, r. S. America, in Cumana, which falls
into the Orinoco from the N. in lat. 8° 5' N. 48 m.
W. St. Thomas.
Pao dc JVao, s-p. W. Africa, near the river Ca-
marones, belonging to the Portuguese.
Paola, or Paula, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra,
55 m. S. by E. Policastro. Pop. 4,500.
Paoli, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Paoli, p-t. and cap. Orange co. Indiana, 40 m. E.
Vincennes.
Paaom, one of the smaller New Hebrides. Lon.
168° 20' W. Lat. 16° 30' S.
Pao-ting, city of China, 77 m. S. S. W. Pekin.
Lon. 115" 14' E. Lat. 38° 54' N.
Papa, t. Hungarj', 25 m. S. by W. Raab. Pop.
4,000.
Papagayo, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa-
cific ocean, 25 m. N. Acapulco. Lon. 101° 46' W.
Lat. 11° 10' N.
Papagayo, gulf on the W. side of the isthmus of
Nicaragua. Lon. 87° 36' W. Lat. 11° 10' N.
Pfipunlla, t. and cap. of a district of Mexico, 105
m. N. E. Mexico. Lon. 97" 36' W. Lat. 20°
27' N.
Papas, lake, S. America, 40 m. S. Popayan. It
is the source of tiie great river Magdalena.
Pupa-Stour, one of the Shetland islands, a mile
W. of the mainland, 2 miles long, and 1 broad.
Pop. 280.
Papa-Stronsay, isl. of Orkney, on the N. E. side
of Sfronsay.
Papa-Westray, isl. of Orkney, 3 m. N. Westray,
25 from Kirkwall. It is about 4 miles long, and 1
broad.
Papendrecht. v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
10 m. E. S. E. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,000.
Paperiille, p-v. Sullivan co. Tennessee.
Paphos, in Sac. Geog. city of the island of Cy-
prus, celebrated for its temple dedicated to the
worship of Venus.
Pappal, district on the N. E. coast of Borneo,
Lat. 5° 30' N.
Pappelau, v. Wirtemberg, 8 m. W. S. W. Ulm.
Pappenburg, t. Hanover, 20 m. S. S. E. Emb-
den. Lon. 7°2S'E. Lat. 53" 4' N. Pop. 3,300
PAR
559
Pappenheim, t. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl, 15 m.
N. E. Donawert. Pop. 2,000.
Papua. See J^ew Guinea.
Papudo, port of Chili. Lat. 32° 36' S.
Para, Gran, province of Brazil, bounded N. by
the great river Amazons, E. by Maranham, S. by
Goias and Matta Grosso. The chief productions
are sugar, coffee, and cocoa.
Para, Gran, the capital of the above province,
is on the Tocantins, 60 m. from its mouth, Lon.
48° 33' W. Lat. 1° 30' S. Pop. 10,000.
Para, r. of the above province, which is, prop-
erly speaking, one of the mouths of the Amazons.
It runs about 200 miles in a N. E. direction, sepa-
rating the island of Joannes from the continent.
Paracassa, r. Quito, which enters the Amazons
in lat. 4° 42' S.
Paracatu, v. Brazil, 270 m. N. W. Tejuco.
Gold is found in considerable quantities in its vi-
cinity.
Paradanga, t. Bengal, in Cooch Behar 33 m. N.
E. Rungpore.
Parade, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m. E,
Tonneins. Pop. 1,500.
Paradise, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,548.
Paragoana, peninsula of Venezuela, which i?
united to the continent by a very narrow isthmus,
on which stands the city of Coro. The isthmus is
about a league in width, from which the peninsu-
la stretches from S. E. to N. W. 20 leagues.
Paragoana, cape on the coast of Venezuela, 13
leagues from the city of Coro. Lat. 1 1° 52' N.
Paragong, t. Hind, in Boo tan, famous lor its
manufactureof swords, daggers, arrows, and mol-
ten images of Boodh. Lon. 89° 21' E. Lat. 27*
43/ N.
Paraguay, a province within the limits of the
old Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, lying between
the great rivers Paraguay and Parana, and bound-
ed N. by Brazil. Extent, 43,000 sq. miles. Pop.
110,000. The forests abound with fine timber,
mahogany, and several other kinds of beautiful
wood, suited to cabinet work. The sugar canp
grows well, and all European fruit trees flourish
and produce abundantly. But the most peculiar
production is the herb called matte, which is used
as a substitute for tea all over S. America, and
forms one of the principal articles of export from
this province. The present inhabitants of Para-
guay are said to be a mixture of the European
Spaniards, and natives, with perhaps, more than
half, Indian. They are remarkably peaceful and
silent, strongly attached to their country, and
averse to strangers. It is rare to meet with a na-
tive of Paraguay who cannot read and write, and
who does not understand the rudiments of arith-
metic.
Paraguay, r. S. America, which rises in Brazil^
in lat. 12° S. runs south into Buenos Ayres, passes
by the city of Assumption, and after receiving the
Pilcomayo and Vermejo from the west, falls into
the Parana 750 miles from its mouth. It is navi-
gable for large vessels as far as Assumption. Its
length from its source to its junction with the Par-
ana is about 1,000 miles.
Paraguay. See Palawan.
Paraiba, province, Brazil, with a mild climate
and fertile soil, abounding with Brazil wood and
sugar. Paraiba, the capital, is on the S. bank of
the river Paraiba, about 10 miles from the sea.
Lon. 35° 10' W. Lat. 6° 57' N. Fop. 4,000.
Paraiba, r. Brazil, in Rio Janeiro, which enterp
the Atla-ntio, in lat. 21° 34' 30^' S.
560
PAR
Paramaiba, r Brazil, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in Ion. 43" 46' W. lat. 2° 32' S.
Paramaribo, t. Guiana, and cap. of Surinam, is
on Surinam river, about 18 miles from its mouth.
All the streets, which are perfectly straight, are
lined with orange, tamarind, and lemon trees,
which appear in everlasting bloom. The exports
are coffee, sugar, cocoa, cotton, and indigo : the
imports flour, beef, pork, herrings, salted macka-
rel, spermaceti candles, horses, lumber, and Euro-
pean manufactures. It is a lively place, being
crowded with planters, sailors, soldiers, Jews, In-
dians, and negroes, while the river is constantly
covered with barges. Pop. about 20,000. In
January ISa'l, a great fire destroyed about one
third of the town.
Paramatta, t. New Holland, on the E. coast, at
the head of Port Jackson harbour. Here is a school
for the education and civilization of the aborigines
of the country. In Feb. 1820, there were 25 New
Zealanders at this place receiving instruction. 25
m. W. Sydney. Pop. in 1818, 1,200.
Paramilhia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 19 m.
S. W. Joannina.
Paran, in Sac. Geog. a wilderness between Mid-
ian and Egypt, which still bears this name.
Parana, r. S. America, which rises in the east-
ern part of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes,
and running S. W. about 1,200 miles, receives
the Paraguay from the N. after which it pursues a
southerly course for several hundred miles and
joins the Uraguay to form the La Plata. In lat.
24° is the fall or rapid of Itu, formed by a collec-
tion of rocks, that rise in separate masses, and leave
channels for the passage of the water. Boats pass
down without difficulty and are drawn up by
ropes.
Parana, t. Brazil, on the coast of the island of
Marajo. Lon. 5 1° 36' W. Lat. 0" 1 2' S.
Paravadi, or Praradee, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulga-
ria, 115 m. N. N. E. Adrianople,
Paray le Monial, t. France, in Saone-and-Loir,
6 m. W. Charolles, 16 E. S. E. Bourbon Lancy.
Pop. 3,000.
Parce, t. France, in Sarthe, on the river Sarthe.
Pop. 2,200.
Parchim, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 20 m. S. E. Schwerin. Pop. 3,200.
Parchwitz, t. Prussian States, on the Katzbach,
10 m. E. N. E. Liegnitz. Pop. 800.
Parcipany, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on a branch of
the Passaic, 15 N. N. W. Newark.
Parcsow, t. Poland, 30 m. N. N. E. Lublin. Pop.
1,300.
Pardaillan, t. Fi-ance, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12
m. N. Marmande. Pop. 800.
Pardo, Rio, r. Brazil, which enters the Parana
in lat. 20" S.
Pardubitz, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 60 m. E.
Prague. Pop. 3,000.
Parecchia, or Paros, cap. of the island of Paros,
in the Grecian archipelago, on the W. coast of
the island. Lon. 25° 24' E. Lat. 37" 8' N.
Paredon del Este, small isl. near the N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 77° 50' W. Lat. 22° 16' N.
Paredon del Medics, small isl. near the N. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 78° 6' W. Lat. 22° 16' N.
Parello, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. S. W. Ivrea, 20 N.
Turin.
Parellones, cluster of small islands in the Span-
ish Main, near the coast of Darien. Lon. 79° 30'
W. Lat. 9° 37' N.
Parcnzo, t. Austrian States, on the W. goast of
PAR
Istria. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 2,100. 30 mB.
Trieste. Lon. 13° 40' E. Lat. 15° 18' N.
Parey, v. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe. A
canal extends from this town to the Havel. Pop,
1,000. 21 m. N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Parga, s-p. on the coast of Albania, opposite to
the southern point of the island of Corfu. It i?
on a rock washed on three sides by the sea, and
backed by a precipitous cliff, having on the sum-
mit an almost impregnable citadel. In 1819, it
was surrendered to Ali Pacha, the tyrant of Al-
bania, when most of the inhabitants removed to
the Ionian islamds. 30 m. S. W. Joannina.
Parham, t. and harbor, on the N. side of the^
island of Antigua, 5 m. W. St. John's.
Parham' s store, p-v. Sussex co. Va.
Pari, r. Peru, which rises in the province of
Tarma, and falls into the Amazons.
Paria, province of the viceroyalty of Buenos
Ayres, bounded N. by Pacajes, N. E. by Oruro, E.
and S. E. by Porco, S. W. by Lipes, and W. by
Caranjas. Pop. 10,000. Paria, the capital, is
210 m. N. W. La Plata. Lon. 68" 20' W. Lat. 18°
50' S.
Paria, Gulf of, a gulf of S. America, in the
Caraccas, which has on the W. the province of
Cumana, and on the E. the island of Trinidad.
It is 25 leagues from E. to W. and 15 from N. to
S. : there is anchorage in all that extent, but its
depth varies from 8 to 30 fathoms. In fact, this
gulf is a real port, which for excellence and ex-
tent vies with the handsomest in the world.
Paria, cape, S. America, opposite the island of
Trinidad. Lon. 62° 1' W. Lat. 9° 12' N.
Paria, Lake of. See Chucuito.
Parigne U Eveque, t. France, in Sartlie, 9 m. S-
E. Le Mans. Pop. 2,800.
Parima, lake, Guiana. Lon. 45° 20' W. Lat. 3'
40' N.
Parima, or Branca, r. S. America, which rises
in the above lake, and running S. above 400 miles,
enters the Rio Negro by four mouths.
Parina-cochas, province, Peru, bounded N. by
Aimaraes, N. W. by Velcas-huaman, E. by Chim-
bivilcas, S. by Arequipa, and W. by Lucanas.
Pop. 11,300.
Paripura, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan-
tic in lon. 35° 26' W. Lat. 9° 42' S.
Paris, the capital of France, and one of the fin-
est cities in the world, is situated on a plain on the
banks of the Seine. It is surrounded with a wall,
17 miles in circuit. All the streets are lighted by
reflecting lamps, suspended at a great height in
the middle of the street. No street in London can
compare with the Boulevards of Paris. They oc-
cupy the space appropriated to the defence of the
town in former ages, when its circumference did
not exceed 7 miles. This space is from 200 to 300
feet broad, and its waving line adds greatly to the
beauty. The finest square is the Place Vendome,
an octagonal space, surrounded by elegant stone
buildings. It is 500 feet long, and 400 broad.
The Champ de Mars is an oblong park on the S.
W. of Paris, extending from the Military School
to the river, and bordered on each side by several
rows of trees. The Palais Royal, situated towards
the centre of Paris, has long Ctjased to be a royal
residence. It is a centre of amusement, and the
general rendezvous of the foreigners who visit Pa-
ris. The nocturnal loungers and the votaries ol
dissipation, scattered in London over so wide a
space, are in Paris collected in this central spot.
PAR
The Seine, flowing from E. to W. intersects Paris
nearly in the middle. The opposite sides are unit-
ed by numerous bridges. In palaces and public
structures of the first rank, Paris is greatly superi-
op-to-liondon. The Tuileries, the present royal
residence, is a long pile of building, extending
from N. to S. about 1,000 feet. It is a noble and
venerable structure. The Louvre is only a
quarter £>f a mile to the east of the Tuileries, and
on the same side of the Seine. Its form is square,
with a large interior court, 400 feet by 400. It is
used as a depot for objects of taste and art. The
gallery of the Louvre is a very long range, de-
tached from the main building, and extending par-
allel to the bank of the river, all the way to the
Tuileries. The palace of the Luxembourg is dis-
tinguished by the symmetry of its proportions.
One of its halls forms the chamber of peers. The
Palais Bourbon, on the left bank of the Seine, on
the W. side of Paris, is a splendid building*. Part
of it is now appropriated to the house of commons.
Of the edifices unconnected with the crown, the
first rank is due to the Hotel dee Invalides, a very
large and elegant structure, fit to be compared to
the Greenwich hospital, for its object, its architec-
ture, and in some mesisure for the distribution of
the adjacent grounds. Stone is generally used for
building, instead of brick, there being extensive
quarries in the immediate vicinity. The private
houses are considerably higher than in London,
having frequently five, six, and sometimes seven
stories. The most striking public monument is
the Column of the Place Vendome, erected by Bo-
naparte to commemorate his successes in Germa-
ny in 1805. It is a great brazen pillar, 12 feet in
diameter ; its height 133 ; its form in imitation of
Trajan's pillar at Rome; the expense of its erec-
tion £60,000. A spiral band runs all along the
pillar to the top, separating each range of bas re-
liefs. On the summit is a gallery and dome. A
line bronze statue of Henry IV. was erected in
1818, on the Pont Neuf. The hospitals of Paris
are numerous and well managed. The largest by
far is the Hotel Dieu ; after it, come the hospitals
de la Charite, St. Antoine, Beaujon, dcs Enfans
Malades, and others, to the number in all of 1 1.
Distinct from these are the Hospices, or establish-
ments where the aged, the infirm, the lunatics, are
received and supported, on paying a small sum.
The hospitals are all under a general board, ap-
pointed by government. The funds for their sup-
port arise principally from the public treasury.
The catacombs are subterraneous quarries, exca-
vated in the course of ages for the building of
Paris, and converted in the latter part of the 18th
century, into a great burying repository. They
stretch along the S. part of Paris, are of great ex-
tent, and being easily traversed with the aid of a
guide, form a prominent object of attention to
travellers.
At the head of the literary associations is the In-
stitute, a body composed of nearly 200 members,
and divided, since 1816, into four academies. It
comprises, as members or correspondents, a large
proportion of the literary or scientific characters
of the country. The Bureau des Longitudes is
composed of eminent astronomers and geometri-
cians. The university comprises a number of
classes for each of the five faculties, viz. theology,
law, medicine, classics, sciences, meaning by the
last chemistry, botany, mathematics, and astrono-
my. The admission to the lectures is gratuitous.
Paris contains also four Jvcee? or o-reat public
71
PAR
561
schools, viz. the College Louis le Grand, the Col-
lege of Henry IV, the College of Bourbon, the
College of Charlemagne. There is, moreover, the
College Royal de France. At the Jardin des Plan-
tes are no less than 13 classes for botany, zoology,
geology, mineralogy, chemistry, &c. To these
are to be added the Ecole Royale des Beaux- Arts,
or school for painting, sculpture, and architecture.
The Military School is for the education of 500
youths, generally the sons of officers who have
fallen in the service of their country. The Ecole
Polytechnique is for the education of engineers.
Paris is very rich in libraries, which are acces-
sible to all persons without introduction. The li-
brary of the king, the largest library in Europe,
contains upwards of 360,000 printed volumes,
72,000 manuscripts, 5,000 volumes of engravings,
and a rare and curious collection of antiquities
and medals. Amidst the collections of interest to
artists, those of the Louvre hold the first rank. Of
the ground floor of that spacious building, a great
part is appropriated to statues and other speci-
mens of sculpture, ancient and modern, distribu-
ted in spacious halls, and arranged with much
taste. From these a magnificent staircase leads to
the gallery of paintings. It is of such length, that
the extremity is almost lost in the distance, and is
lined on both sides with the finest productions of
modern painters. They are divided into the
French, the Italian, and the Flemish schools-
The number of pieces is upwards of 1,100, and an-
nually on the increase. The Jardin des Plantes
is a garden of an oblong form, nearly half a mile in
length, laid out with great taste, and exhibiting in
miniature, groups of plants of almost every region
in the globe ; also a collection of animals of the
most different latitudes, as lions, elephants, bears,
&c.
Of the public gardens and walks, the finest and
most frequented are those of the Tuileries, which
extend, in a beautiful oblong, to the westward of
the palace. They are laid out most elegantly with
gravelled walks, terraces, plots of flowers and
shrubs, groves of lofty trees, basins of water, and
jets (feau, interspersed with beautiful statues of
bronze and marble. This delightful spot forms
the favourite walk of the Parisians, and is crowd-
ed on Sundays during tlie day, and in the rest of
the week in the evenings, with well dressed per-
sons. The gardens of the Luxembourg, the Jar-
din des Plaates, and the Champs Elysees, also af-
ford very pleasant walks ; and the Boulevards in
the summer evenings present an animated scene.
The manufactures of Paris, as of London, con-
sist chiefly of articles of taste or nice workman-
ship, such as jewellery, watches, clocks, porce-
lain, cabinet ware, mathematical instruments,
silks, artificial flowers, plate glass, ornamental ar-
ticles in bronze, cottons, carpets, Sic. The com-
merce of the city is cai'ried on principally by land
carriage, the Seine, the Oise, the Marne, and the
Canal de Briare, being used only for the transport
of wood and other bulky articles. Tlie colonial
and other foreign produce consumed in Paris, is
imported chiefly at Havre de Grace. Coal is
very little used ; the common, or almost universal
fuel, is wood, though considerably more expensive
than coal. The expense of living is about 30 per
cent, less than in London. Pop. in 1792, com-
puted at 550,000 ; in 18 17, according to actual sur-
vey, 715,000. 260 m. S. by E. London, 270 3. by
W. Amsterdam, 700 W. ^'ienna, 750 N. W.
Rome, 1.400 S. W. Si. Petersbni^. The ro,T»'-
sm
PAR
PAS
observatory stands in Ion. 2° 20' 15" E. lat. 48" 66'
44" N.
Paris, p-t. and cap. Oxford co. Maine, 46 m. N.
W. Portland, 160 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,320.
It contains a court-house, jail, and 2 churches.
Paris, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 101 m. N. W. Alba-
ny. Pop. 3,418. In this town is the village of
Clinton.
Paris, p-t. Faquier co. Va.
Paris, or Bourbonton, p-t. and cap. Bourbon co.
Kentucky, on a small creek that runs into Lick-
ing river. It has two churches, a printing office,
and a number of warehouses and mechanic shops.
The greater part of the buildings are of brick. 20
m. E. Lexington, and 65 S. S. E. Newport. Lat.
38" 14' N. Pop. 838.
Paris, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 390.
Paris, p-t. Jefferson co. Indiana.
Parkany. See Baracan.
Parker, r. Mass. which falls into Plumb island
found.
Parker, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 399.
Parker, Pointy cape on the W. coast of Admi-
ralty island, in Chatham's strait. Lon. 205" 29' E.
Lat. 67° 37' N.
Parker^s Island, or Ruskohegan, isl. Maine, at
Ihe mouth of the Kennebeck. It is in the town-
ship of Georgetown.
Parkersburg, p-t. and cap. Wood co. Va. on the
Ohio.
Parkersloun, t. Rutland co. Vt. 25 m. W. N.
W.Windsor. Pop. 111.
Parkinson's Ferry, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
Parkman, t. Somerset co. Maine, 35 m. N. E.
Norridgewock.
Parkman, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on the bead
waters of G rand river.
Parkundy, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75° 38' E.
Lat. 24° 19' N,
Parkur, small district, Hind, in Gugcrat, about
24" N. lat.
Parlasco, t. Austrian Italy, on the lake of Como,
5 m. N. Como.
Parlow, t. on the W. coast of Celebes, on a river
which flows into Parlow bay. Lat. 1" S.
Parma, duchy, Italy, bounded N. by Lombardy,
E. by Modena, and S. and W. by Tuscany. The
duchy is divided into four districts, viz. Parma,
Placenza, Borgo San Domino, and Guastalla. Ex-
tent, 2,280 square miles. Pop. 377,000. The in-
habitants are almost all Catholics. Revenue,
160,000/. By the treaty of Paris in 1814, this
duchy was given to the ex-empress Maria Louisa,
devolving, on her death, to Austria and Sardinia ;
a provision modified by subsequent arrangements,
the latest of which, in 1818, stipulated, that in re-
turn for certain equivalents, this territory should
eventually devolve to Spain.
. Parma, city, Italy, capital of the duchy of the
same name, in a fertile plain, on the river Parma.
It is still surrounded by a ditch and mound. Its
outworks are neglected and ruinous. The build-
ings of the university are large and elegant. The
average number of students is about 400. The
manufactures consist chiefly of silk, and in a small
degree, of hats ; also of fustian. Its printing es-
tablishment is well known for its elegant editions
of the classics. 30 m. W. by N. Modena, 70 S. E.
Milan. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 44° 48' N. Pop. 30,000.
Parma, r. Italy, which falls into the Po near Vi-
Parma, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Lake Onta-
rio, 25 m. N. E. Batavia. Pop. 494.
Parnassus, the highest mountain of Greece, in
Phocis, (now part of Livadia), to the N. W. of
Mount Helicon.
Paros, isl. in the central part of the Grecian
archipelago, to the W. of Naxos, between 25° 12
and 25" 26' E. lon. and 36° 57' and 37° 13' N. lat.
40 miles in circumference. Its principal product is
cotton ; but corn, wine, fruit, and vegetables, are
likewise raised. The port of Naussa is capable
of containing about 100 sail of vessels, and is well
sheltered. In ancient times Paros owed its chief
celebrity to its marble, so famed for whiteness
and solidity. The Apollo Belvidere, the Venus
de Medicis, and several other celebrated pieces of
sculpture, are of this beautiful material. Pop. not
above 2,000.
Parparsarat, isl. in the straits of Malacca, near
the coast of Sumatra, about 50 miles in circum-
ference. Lon. 102° 15' E. Lat. 1° 21' N.
Parr, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. W. by S.
Newton in Wakerfield. Pop. 1,405.
Parra, small isl. in the gulf of Panama. Lat. 8^
20' N.
Parras, t, Mexico, in Durango, 230 ra. N. Du-
rango. Lon. 105° 12' W. Lat. 26° 35' N. Pop.
7,000.
Parret, r. Eng. which runs into the Bristol chan-
nel at Bridge water bay.
Parriah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 52' E. Lat.
26°41'N.
Parrida, small isl. in the Pacific, near the coast
of Veragua. Lat. 7° 16' N.
Parrishville, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. S. E.
of Ogdensburg.
Parsonauth, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lat, &c. not
ascertained.
Parsons, t. Essex co. Mass. formerly a parish of
Newbury, and incorporated as a town in 1819.
Parsonsjield, p-t. York co. Maine, 38 m. N. W.
Portland, 118 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. in 1818,
above 2,500. It contains 5 houses of public wor-
ship, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Quakers.
Partalpour, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon. 87°
50' E. Lat. 22° 21' N.
Partanico, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 24
m. from Palermo. Pop. 5,000.
Partapar, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 28' E.
Lat. 25" 54' N.
Partevkirche, t. Bavai'ia, 48 m. S. S. W. Munich.
Pop. 1,300.
Parthenay, t. France, in Two Sevres, 21 m. N.
N. E. Niort, 24 N. W. Poitiers. Pop. 3,200.
Parlhia, in Sac. Geog. an extensive country of
Asia, bounded N. by Hyrcania, E. by Ariana, S.
by the deserts of Caramauia, and W. by Media.
Parton, v. Eng. in Cumbei'land, 1^ m. from
Whitehaven. Pop. 478.
Partridge, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of
Newfoundland. Lon. 56° W. Lat. 15° 15' N.
Partridges, Isle of. See Biia.
Partridge'' s Island, small isl. on the S. coast of
Van Diemen's Land. Lat. 43° 23' 30" S.
Parupanada, t. India, in Malabar. Lon. 75° 55'
E. Lat. ir2'N.
Parivich, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. N. by E.
Ashborn. Pop. 485.
Pas, t. France, in Pas de Calais, near Doulens.
Pop. 900.
Passao, or Passado, Cape, promontory, Quito,
25 m. S. of the equinoctial line.
Pascagoula, v Mississippi, which is formed by the
miion ol the Chickasawhay and Leaf rivers,aiid falls
PAS
PAS
563
isito the gulf of Mexico 38 m. W. of Mobile bay,
•ifter a course of 200 miles. Near the gulf it ex-
pands into a broad bay, but too shallow at its en-
trance to admit vessels drawing more tlian 4 feet
water. Above this bay it is navigable for vessels
drawing 6 feet water 50 miles, and lor boats 100
miles farther.
Pascamai/o, port, Peru. Lat. 7°20' S»
Pascataqua. See Piscataqua.
Pascataquas, r, Maine, which runs into the W.
side of the Penobscot, 9 m. above the Passadunky.
Pasrhkaw, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, 10 m.
from Dubassar.
Pasco, t. Peru, 167 m. S. W. Guancavelica.
Pascuaro, t. Mexico, in Valladolid, on a lake of
the same name, 48 miles in circumference. Pas-
cuaro is 7,217 feet above the level of the sea, 31 m.
S. W. Valladolid, 125 W. Mexico. Lon. 101" 21'
W. Lat. 19° 29' 30 " N. Pop. 6,000.
Pas de Calais, department in the N. E. of
France, bounded E. by French Flanders, W. by
Somme, N. by the straits of Dover. Extent, 2,500
square miles. Pop. 570,000. Its surface is very
level, and the soil in general fertile.
Pasitano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 15 m,
W. by N. Salerno, 18 S. S. E. Naples. Pop. nearly
4,000.
Paslcy, Cape, cape on the. S. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 123" 26' E. Lat. 33" 56' S.
Pasman, small isl. on the coast of Austrian Dal-
matia, 15 miles long, and 2 broad. Lon. 15° 56' E.
Lat. 44" 8' N.
Paso, military post of the Spaniards, on the
right bank of the Rio del Norte, 300 m. from San-
ta Fe, 525 N. Durango.
Paspaya, t. Buenos Ayres, 60 m. S. La Plata.
Pasqua, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 45 m. W.
N. W. La Purification. Lat. 20° 5' N.
Pasquaro. See Pascuaro.
Pasquiaro, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Du-
rango, S. of the Rio del Nassas. Pop, 5,600.
Pasquotank, or Pasquetank, r. N. Carolina,
which rises in Dismal Swamp, and runs into Al-
bemarle sound. It is connected by a. canal with
Elizabeth river, a branch of James river.
Pasquotank, co. in the N. E. part of N. Caroli-
iK). Pop. 7,674, including 2,295 slaves. Chief
*own, Nixonton.
Passa del Norte, t. Mexico, on the Rio del
Norte, 200 m. from Sibilleta.
P-assudunki/, or Passadumkeag, r. Maine, which
runs S. E. and joins the Penobscot, 19 m. above
Bangor.
Passage, t. S. America, in Tucuman, 116 m. N,
St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Passage Canal, an inlet on the W. const of N.
America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 212"
15' E. Lat. 60" 48' N.
Passage Fort, t. Jamaica, 7 m. S. E. Port Royal.
Passage, Great, one of the Virgin islands, about
7 miles long, and 2 wide, 12 m. E. Porto Rico.
Passage Island, small isl. among the Philippines,
■20 m. E. Leyta. Lon. 125" 27' E. Lat. 10" 44' N.
Passage Island, small isl. in the gulf of Georgia,
at the entrance into Howe's sound. Lon. 237" 3'
E. Lat. 49° 21' N.
Passage Isle, small isl. in the W, coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 97" 55° E. Lat. 2° 31' N.
Passage PoiiiL the E. point of Elizabeth's bay,
in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 73" 40' W. Lat.
53° 15' S.
Passage Point, cape on the coast of Patagonia,
in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 73° 40' W. Lat,
ti3"15'S.
Passages, Los, s-p. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 4 m.
E. N. E. St. Sebastian. Lon. 1" 55' W. Lat. 43'
20'30"N. Pop. 1,700.
Passaic, r. N. J. which rises in Morris county,
and flows S. into Newark bay. It is navigable 10
miles for small vessels. At Patterson is the cata-
ract or great falls, where the river, 40 yards wide,
moves in a slow gentle current, until coming with-
in a short distance of a deep cleft in a rock which
crosses the channel, it falls 70 feet perpendicular
in one entire sheet, presenting a scene of singular
grandeur and beauty.
Passais, t. France, in Orne, 6 m. S. W. Dom-
front Pop. 2,300.
Passaman, one of the most northern provinces of
Sumatra, nearly under the equator.
Passamaquoddy Bay, bay which forms part of
the boundary between the United States and the
British province of New Brunswick. It is about
6 miles from N. to S. and 12 from E. to W. It
contains a number of islands, as Campo Bello,
Deer, Moose, Dudley, and Frederick. It receives
3 rivers, the principal of which is the Schoodic.
Passao, Cape, cape on the coast of Peru. Lat. 0"
30' S.
Passargc, r. East Prussia, which falls into the
Frische Haff, at Braunsberg.
Passaro, small isl. in the Mediterranean, at
the S. E. extremity of Sicily, 24 m. S. Syracuse.
Passaro, Cape, cape on the S. E. coast of Sicily.
Lon. 15" 5' E. Lat. 36" 35' N.
Passarouang, t. and fort on the N. shore of Java.
576 m. E. Batavia. Lon. 113° 10' E. Lat. 7" 36' S.
Passarowilz, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, near the
Morawa, 12 m. E. Semendria, 33 E. S. E. Belgrade,
Passau, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the Inu
and Danube. It was formerly the capital of a
bishopric, and is still a bishop's see. The fortifi-
cations are of considerable strength. 86 m. E. N.
E. Munich, 138 W. by N. Vienna. Lon. 13" 25' E.
Lat. 48" 36' N. Pop. 7,000. The bishopric of Pas-
sau comprised a tract of country lying between
Bavaria, Bohemia, and Upper Austria. Extent,
470 sq. miles. Pop. 60,000. It was secularized in
1803; and since 1815, the part lying on the west of
the Inn belongs to Bavaria, and the rest to Austria.
Passberg, or Pass, t. Austrian States, in Istria,
25 m. S. S. E. Trieste.
Passehendale, v. Netherlands, in West Flanders,
7 m. N. E. Ypres, 22 S. by W. Bruges. Pop. 2,600.
Passenheim, t. East Prussia, 73 m. S. by E. Ko-
nigsberg. Pop. 900.
Passeron Islands, small islands near the E. coast
of Africa. Lat. 11" 10' S.
Passewalk, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, at the con-
fluence of the Randow and the Ucker, 17 m. N.
Prenzlow. Pop. 3,200.
Passignano, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
8 m. S. E. Cortona, 38 N. W. Spoleto.
Passir, t. on the E. side of Borneo, 50 m. from
themouthof the river of the same name. A few
Chinese are settled here, who are in possession of
the principal part of the trade. Lon. 116° 10' E.
Lat. 1°57'S.
Passuma/i, districtof Sumatra, on the S.W. coast.
Passi/, V. France, on the Seine, 2J m. W. Pa-
ris, Pop. 3,000.
Pastaza, or Pastaca, r. Quito, which runs more
than 100 miles, and enters the Amazons, in lat. 48"
3' S.
Pasto, district of Popayan, in New Granada.
Pas/o,the capital, is 80 m. S.S.W. Popayan. Lon,
76" 46' W. I-at. 1° 15' N. Pop. 7,000.
564
PAT
F A T
Pasffovich, district at the S. extremity ol Aus-
trian Dalmatia, lyin^ between the gulf of Venice
and Monte Negro. The chief town is Buclua.
Pasumpsic,r.Vt. rises S.E. of Lake Meinphrema-
gog, and runs S. into the Connecticut, 15 or 20
miles above Newbury.
Paszio, t. Hungary, on the Zagyva, 40 m, N.
N.E.Pest.
Patagonia, or Land of Magellan, country, S.
America, bounded N. by Buenos Ayres, E. by the
Atlantic, S. by the straits of Magellan, and W. by
the South Pacific ocean ; extending from 63° to
75° W. Ion. and from 38" to 54° S. lat. The peo-
ple are reported to be of a gigantic stature, and
notwithstanding the rigour of the climate, to go
naked. That they are barbarous, is evinced by
the treatment of the few unfortunate Europeans
who have fallen into their hands. They differ in-
deed in manners, as they are divided into a great
variety of nations. Towards the straits they are
said to be perfectly savage ; on the frontiers of the
Spanish and Portuguese they greatly resemble the
Chilians. Some of the inhabitants seen by Com.
Byron, in the year 1764, he supposed to be about
seven feet in height. Capt. Wallis, in the year
1766, measured one of the tallest, and found his
height to be six feet seven inches ; but he says the •
s:reatestpart of them was from five feet ten to six
feet. Their complexion is a dark copper colour,
like that of the Indians in North America.
Patan, t. Hind, in Ajmcer, on the S. side of the
river Chumbul. Lon. 75° 50' E. Lat. 25° 17' N.
Patany, port on the S. coast of the peninsula of
Malacca, near the mouth of the gulf of Siam. Lon.
101° 40' E. Lat. 6" 50' N.
Patapsco, r. Maryland, which runs S. E. and
flows into Chesapeak bay, between North Point
and Bodkin's point, which last is in lat. 39° 10' N.
The river isnavigable to Fell's point at Baltimore,
14 miles, for ships drawing 1 8 feet water. About 8
miles above, at Elkridge landing, there are
falls.
Pa!ara, or Patera, place on the sea coast of Car-
amania, in A. Turkey. Lon. 29° 20' E. Lat. 36°
15' N.
Patatan, t. on the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
il6"5'E. Lat. 5° 50' N.
Patavirca. See Patavilca.
Patay, t, France, in Loiret, 12 m. N. N. W. Or-
leans. Pop. 1,000.
Palaz, jurisdiction of Peru, in the inlendancy
ofTruxillo. Caxamarquilla and Huamachucho
are the chief towns, both of little note, except for
the gold washing in the neighborhood.
Patchogue, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co.N. Y.
Patchow Islands, a group of islands on the coast
of China. The southernmost is in lon. 123° 52'
E. Lat. 24° 6' N.
Paichwary, t. Bengal, in Ranjeshy. Lon. 87"
42' E. Lat. 24" 27' N.
Patcoona, t. Bengal. Lon. 87° 2' E. Lat. 23° 3' N.
Pateeta, t. Hind, in Benares, 8 m. S. Chunar.
Pateley Bridge, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 ra. N.
W. Harrowgate.
Paterno, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 12 m.
W. by N. Catania.
Paternosters, Oreat, a cluster of shoals and islets
in the Eastern seas, about 120 miles long and 30
broad. Lon. 117° 10' to 119°10' E. Lat. 6°30' to
to 7° 42' S.
Paternosters, Little, cluster of 13 rocks in the
Eastern seas, between Borneo and Celebes.
Palery, district, Hind, in Berar, on the N. baok
of the Godavery. Lon. 77° 8' E. Lat. 19°18'N.
Patesville, p-v. Breckenridge co. Ken.
Pat gong, t. Bengal, in Rungpore. Lon. 88° 55'
E. Lat. 26° 18' N.
Path-Head, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, \ m. E.
Kirkaldy. Pop. 1,692.
Path-Head, v. Scotland, 11 m. S. Edinburgh.
Patitt, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean
by eleven mouths, in lat. 2° 10' N.
Patience, isl. in Narraganset bay, N. W. of Pru-
dence island, 2 miles long and 1 broad.
Patiensia, Strait of, strait between Gilolo island
and Bachian island.
Patiera, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Celebes,
in Bony bay. Lon. 120° 57' E. Lat. 3° 43' S.
Paligor, t. Russian Poland, 84 m. S. S. W.
Kiev.
Patincoor, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78° 35' E.
Lat. 9° 41' N.
Patmos, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, near
the coast of Asia Minor, 10 miles long, 5 laroad,
and 25 or 30 in circumference. It is chiefly cele-
brated as being the spot where St. John retired,
and where he wrote the Apocalypse. It produces
very little, and it is now cruelly laid waste by the
pirates who infest those seas. Lon. 26° 40' E. Lat.
37° 30' N. Pop. 3,000.
Patna, a celebrated city of Hind, and cap. of
Eahar, on the S. bank of the Ganges. It contains
some mosques and temples, but few of the houses
exceed one or two stories in height. The neigh-
bouring country produces the finest opium and
saltpetre, and great quantities of wheat and other
valuable grains ; also sugar and indigo. In 1763
the city was taken by the British. The houses of
the Europeans are not in the town, but in a sub-
urb called Banhypore, a mile or two to the west
of it. At the distance of 1 1 miles W. stands the
large militai'y cantonments of Dinapore. 250 m.
N. W. Calcutta. Lon. 85° 15' E. Lat. 25° 37' N.
Pop. estimated at 500,000.
Patoma, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Lena,
in lon. 116°a4' E. lat. 59° 53' N.
Patomack. See Potomac.
Paion, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 297.
Patook, or Puttock, r. Honduras, which runs into
the bay, in lon. 84° 25' \V. lat. 15° 55' N.
Patos, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic, in
lat. 28° 28' S.
Patras, or Baliabadra, s-p. Greece, in the N.
W. part of the Morea, at the entrance of the gulf
of Lepanto. The ti-ade is considerable, particu-
larly with Trieste, Corfu, and Zante. Here arc
resident consuls of England, France, and the prin-
cipal European states. 10 m. S, by W. Lepanto,
65 W. by N. Corinth. Lon. 21° 43' E. Lat. 38°
33' N. Pop. 10,000.
Patree, t. Hind, in Gujerat, and cap. of a district
of the same name. Lon. 71° 35' E. Lat. 22° 50' N.
Patrick, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop.
4,695. Slaves 724. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Patricks mills, p-v. Craven co. N. C
Patricksville, p-v. Guilford co. N. C.
Patricktown, t. Lincoln co. Maine, adjoining
Palermo. Pop. 138.
Patrimonio di S. Pietro, province, Italy, be-
longing to the States of the Church. It lies N. W.
of Rome, and is about 45 miles long and 35 broad.
Patrington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 20 m. E. S. E.
Hull. Lon. 6" 4' E/Lat. 53° 43' N. Pop. 1,016.
Patroclea. See Gaidronisi.
P A V
Patschkau, t. Prussian States, on the Neisse, 5
!n. S. Munsterburg. Pop. 2,200.
Pattan, or Putlun, district, Hind, in Gujerat,
about 24" N. lat.
Pattan, t. Hind, in Auningabad. Lon. 75° 38'
E.Lat. 19°29'N.
Pattan, or Putn, t. Hind, in NepauL Lon. 83°
40'E.Lat.27°31'N.
Pa«e, s-p. on the E. coast of Africa. Lon. 41°
24'E.Lat.0"12'S.
Patteeleah, city, Hind, in Delhi, district of Sir-
hind. It is the most flourishing town in the dis-
trict. Lon. 75° 33' E. Lat. 30° 18' N.
Patfensee, or Pattensen, t, Hanover, 6 m. S.
Hanover. Pop. 1,400.
Patterdak, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 8 m. N.
Ullswater, Pop. 319.
Patterson, p-t. Putnam co, N. Y, 22 m. S. E.
Poughkeepsie, 107 m. S. S. E. Albany. Pop.
1,446.
Patterson, p-t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic.
It is situated at the great falls of the Passaic, and
contains a bank, a printing-office, and 2 houses of
public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
Dutch Reformed. 15 m. N. Newark, 97 N. N. E.
Philadelphia, Pop. 292. It is well situated for a
manufacturing town, and a company was incor-
porated in 1791 for the purpose of encouraging
manufactures of every kind.
Patti, t. Sicily, 33 m. W. Messina. Lon. 15° 2'
E. Lat. 38° 10' N. Pop. 5,000.
Pattiary, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79° 25' E.
Lat.27°37'N.
Pattonsburg, p-v, Botetourt co. Va.
Pattur, or Puttugotta, t. Bengal, on the Ganges,
7 m. below Colgong.
Patucket. See Pawtucket.
Patucket Falls, on the Merrimack, between
Chelmsford and Dracut, a little above the mouth
of Concord river. The descent of the river here
is 28 feet. A canal 1^ miles long, is constructed
around the falls. The village of Patucket is
in Chelmsford. It contains a post-office and 2 cot-
ton manufactories, and a bridge is here thrown
across the river.
Patugoa, T. Brazil, which enters the Atlantic,
opposite the Isla Grande.
Paturages, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 4 m. S.
W. Mons. Pop. 3,500.
Patuxent, r. Maryland, which empties into the
VV. side of the Chesapeake, about 15 m. N. of the
mouth of the Potomac. It admits vessels of 250
tons to Nottingham, 46 m. from its mouth, and
boats to Queen Anne, 12 miles higher.
Patzau, or Patzow, t. Bohemia, 49 m. S. S. E.
Prague. Pop. 2,200,
Pau, t. in the S, W, of France, cap. of Lower
Pyrenees,/)n the Gave, 15 m. N. E. Aleron, 100
S. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0° 23' W. Lat. 43° 7 N. Pop.
9,000.
PaucarolJa, province of Peru, bounded N.E. by
the lake of Titicaca, N. by the province of Lampa,
W, by Moqueha, and S. by Africa and Pacajes.
Pop. 26,000.
Paucartambo, province of Peru, bounded N. W.
and W. by Calca and Lares, N. E. and E. by the
frontier of the Indians, and S. by that of Quispi-
canchi. It is 26 leagues from N. to S. and 7 broad.
Pop. 8,000. Paucartambo, the capital, is 33 m.
E. N. E. Cuzco. Lat. n'' 28' S.
Patia, a delegation of Austrian Italy, in the
government of Milan. Extent, 320 square miles.
Fen. about 117.000. Its surface is for tho most
PAU
565
part level, and of such fertility that it has beca
called the Garden of the Milanese.
Pavia, anciently Ticinum, or Papia, t. Aus-
trian Italy, cap. of a delegation of the same name,
on the Ticino, 4 m. above its junction with the
Po. Pavia is still surrounded with fortifications^
but they are falling to decay. The university is
said to be the most ancient in Europe, having been
founded by Charlemagne in 791. It is the see of
a bishop,' and is 18 m. b. Milan, 80 W. Mantua.
Lon. 9° 9' E. Lat. 45° 10' N. Pop. 23,237.
Pauillac, t. France, on the Gironde. Ships
destined for Bourdeaux, here put part of their car-
goes in lighters. 12 m. S. E. Lesparee, 28 N. by
W. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500.
Paving, t. France, in Lower Seine, 12 m. N. W.
Rouen. Pop. 2,000.
Paukputtun. See Adjodin.
Paula, fort, A. Russia, in Caucasus, 20 m. W.
Ekaterinograd.
Paulding, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, adjoining
Indiana, and formed, in 1820, in the Indian reser-
vation.
Paulee, or Pauleegur, called aiso Surrusgur, a
celebrated fortress and t. Hind, in Aurungabad,
district of the Concan. It is on the S. E. side of
Nagootan river, about 20 m. from Bombay. This
fortress was taken in February 1818,by the British
troops.
Paulee, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. It is one of the
greatest commercial marts in all Rajpootana,
Lat. not ascertained.
Paulhaguet, t. France, in Upper Loire, 9 m. S.
E. Brioude. Pop. 900.
Paulinskill, r, Sussex co. N. J. which runs into
the Delaware. It is navigable for small craft, 15
miles.
Paulizza, v. of the Morea, in Arcadia, built oa
tlie site of the ancient Phigaleia.
Pavlograd, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, 32
m. E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 35° 54' E. Lat. 47*
10' N.
PauloTt, r. Piedmont, which falls into the M^-
terranean near Nice.
Paulotskyt. Russia, 14 m, S, S. E. St. Peters-
burg.
Paulova, V. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the Le-
na, 16 m. N. Orlenga.
Pavlova-selo, t. Eu. Russia, in Niznei-Novgo-
rod, on the Oka. Pop. 6,000.
Pavlovsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Voronez, on the Don,
76 m. S. S. E. Voronez. Pop. 2,000.
Paulsburg, t. Coos co. N. H. 22 m. from Lan-
caster, 89 N. Concord.
Paulus Hook. See Jersey city.
Paumanean Islands, in the S. Pacific ocean,
from 25 to 50 leagues E. of Otaheite. The inhabi-
tants were proverbial for their cruelty, supersti-
tion, and abominable vices, but within a few
years they have made an open profession of Chris-
tianity.
Paungul, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 78°
20' E. Lat. 16°10'N.
Pauraiite, r. Venezuela, which empties itself
into the lake of Maracaibo, in lat. 10° 12' N.
Pausa, t. Saxony, 8 m, W. N. W. Plauen. Pop.
1,600.
Pausram, or Pauzdram, t. Austrian States, in
Moravia, on the Schwarza, 4 m. S. Brunn. Pop.
900.
Pautzke, or Putzig, t. West Prussia, 26 m. N.
N. W. Dantzic. Pop. 1,000.
566
PAY
Pawanghur, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74''
20' E. Lat.ie-'Sa'N.
Pau'iucket, r. which waters the S. W. part of
R. Island, and runs into Stonington harbour. In
the latter part of its course it is the boundary be-
tween Connecticut and R. Island.
Pawen, small isl. in the bay of Gonong Tellu, on
the E, coast of the island of Celebes. Lon. 122" 2'
E. Lat. 0" 18' S.
Pawlet, p-t. RuUand co. Vt. 39 m. W. Windsor.
Pop. 2,233.
Pawlet, r. which rises in Vermont, and runs into
Wood Creek in New- York.
Pawling, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 20 m. S. E.
Poughkeepsie, 105 S. Albany. Pop. 1,756.
Pau-7i Gamv, t. Hind, in Dowletabad, 22 m.
S. E. Perinda. Lon. 76° 12' E. Lat. 18° 14' N.
Pawiuckel, p-v. partly in North Providence,
R. I. and partly in Secklionk, Mass. finely situated
on Pawtucket river, at tlie falls, 4 m. N. E. Prov-
idence. It contains a bank and 2 churches. It is
one of the most extensive and flourishing manu-
facturing places in the United States. There are
in the town of IJorth Providence, and chiefly in
the village of Pawtucket, 10 cotton mills, 6 shops
for making machinery, 2 furnaces for casting, 1
slitting mill, 2 anchor shops, a cut-nail factory, 2
screw manufactories, 3 grain mills, 1 clothier's
mill, and 1 carding machine.
Pauiucket, r. which rises in Massachusetts,
where it is called tlie Blackstone, and running S.
E- into Rhode-Island, fiiih: into Providence river,
just below Providence. It has falls of about 50
feet, 4 miles from its mouth. Below the falls, the
river is called the Seekhonk.
Paicluxet, r. R. Island, runs into Providence
river, 5 miles below Providence. It abounds with
falls, which furnish fine situations for mill seats
and manufacturing establishments. There are
about 40 cotton factories on this river and its
branches.
Pawtuxet, p-v. and port of entry, R. I. partly in
Warwick, and partly in Cranston, at the mouth of
Pawtuxet river. It contains above 100 dwelling
houses, a church, an academy, containing usually
about 70 students, and a bank. Pop. 1,000. It is
distinguished for its manufactures. Here are 2
woollen factories, 3 cotton factories, a gin dis-
tillery, and 3 grain mills.
Paxaros, or Bird Island, small isl. near the S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 78° 24' W. Lat. 19° 56' N.
Paxoros, small islands near the coast of Chili.
Lat. 29° 40' S.
Paxo, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the en-
trance of the Adriatic, 6 m. S. Corfu, and 10 from
the coast of Albania. It is one of the seven islands
of the Ionian republic. Extent, 35 square miles.
It is inhabited by about 6,000 Greeks. Lon. 20°
21' E. Lat. 39° 21' N.
Paxton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 9 m. N. W.
Worcester, 48 W. Boston. Pop. 619.
Paxton, Lower, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,180.
Paxton, Middle, t. Dauphin co. Pa, Pop. 707.
Paxton, Upper, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop.
2,274.
Paxton. t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek, 15 m.
S. W. Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 510.
Pay amino, r. Quito, which runs S. 60 miles,
and enters the Napo, in lat. 1° 2' S.
Payana, lake, Eu. Russia, in Finland, 80 miles
long and 14 broad.
PEC
Payerne, t Swiss canton of Lucerne, 16 m. Wift 3
Freyberg. ~ "
Payho. See Peiho.
Pays de Vaud. See Vaud.
Paz, t. Mexico, in Valladolid, 120 m. N. N. W.
Mexico. Lon. 100" 28' W. Lat. 20° 59' N. Pop,
about 3,000.
Paz, La, city in a district of the same name, in
Buenos Ayres. It has a cathedral, four churches,
five convents, and three nunneries. It is a bish-
op's see, with very considerable revenues. 120
m. E. S. E. Arequipa, 288 S. E. Cuzco, 612 S. E.
Lima. Lon. 68° 25' W. Lat 17" 15' N. Pop.
20,000.
Paszano, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 19 m. N.
N. E. G irace. Pop. 1 ,000.
Peabody, r. N. H. which joins the Androscog-
gin, in Shelburne.
Peace River, or Unjigah River, rises on the
W. side of the Rocky mountains, in lat. 54°
24' N, and lon. 121° W. its source is only a few
miles from that of the Columbia river. After a
N. E. course of more than 1,000 miles, during
which it is increased by the accession of many
large rivers, it passes the Lake of the Hills, after
which it is called Slave river, and running through
Slave lake, and afterwards receiving the denomi-
nation of Mackenzie's river, it empties itself into
the Frozen ocean, in 70° N. lat. and about 135°
W. lon,
Peacham, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 19 m. S. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 1,30). It contains a church
and an academy.
Peachboltom, p-v. York co. Pa.
Peachtown, t. Tompkins co. N. Y,
Peage, t. France, in Drome, on the Isere, oppo-
site Romans, 11 m. N. E. Valence. Pop. 1,300.
Peaks of Otter, mountains, Bedford co. Va.
They are summits of the Blue ridge, and are con-
sidered the most elevated points of land in Vir-
ginia. The altitude of the eastern peak, measured
from its base, is nearly 4,000 feet. 30 m, W. by
N. Lynchburg.
Pearce Point, a low and sandy point on the E.
shore of Spencer's gulf. New Holland. Lon. 137°
21' E. Lat.34°28iS.
Pearl, r. Mississippi, which rises near lat. 33° N.
and, pursuing a S. course, falls into the Rigolets
that connect Lake Borgne with Lake Ponchartrain.
Its navigation is at present obstructed by logs and
drift wood. From lat. 31° to its mouth, it sepa-
rates Mississippi from Louisiana.
Pearl Islands, small islands of the gulf of Pana-
ma, 45 m. from the city of Panama.
Pearl Island, small isl. in the W. Indies. Lon.
79" 13' W. Lat. 14° 53' N.
Pearl Keys, islets in the Spanish Main, on the
Mosquito shore. Lon. 82° 45' W. Lat. 12° 26' N.
Pearson's Isles, cluster of small isles on the S.
shore of New Holland. Lon. 134" 13' E. Lat. 33°
57' S.
Pease, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 7 m.
E. St. Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 1,700.
Pec, Le, t. France, on the Seine, near St. Ger-
mains, 11m. W. Paris.
Peccais, fort, France, in Gard, about half a
mile from the sea, 11 ra. S. E. Montpelier, 26 S.
by W. Nimes.
Pechlam, t. Austrian states, on the Danube, 20
m. W. SL Polten. Pop. 800.
Peckelsheim, t. Prussian states, 18 m. E. S, E-
Paderborn. Pop. 1,200.
PEE
P E I
567
Peconory, settlement, Arkailsaw Territory, 20
m. from Cadron.
Pecora, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Sardinia.
LoH.8°2rE. Lat. 39°27'N.
Peddabalabaram, or Great Balipoor, t. and for-
tress, India, in xVIysore. Lon. 77" 47' E. Lat. 13°
17' N.
Peddapore, t. Hind, in the Northern Circars.
Lon. 82" 15' E. Lat. 17" 5' N.
Pedes, Great, r. S. Carolina, which rises in
jSforth Carolina, where it is called Yadkin river,
and running S. S. E. joins the Wakkamaw near
Georgetown. The united streams form VVinyaw
bay, which communicates with the Atlantic 12 m,
below Georgetown. The Pedee is navigable for
boats of 60 or 70 tons, about 200 miles.
Pedee, Little, r. S. Carolina, which unites with
the Great Pedee, 32 ra. above its mouth.
Pedena, or Biben, t. Austrian states, in Istria,
15 m. S. W. Fiume. Pop. 1,600.
Pederneira, s-p. Portugal, 18 m. S. W. Leyria,
IB N. E. Peniche. Lon. 8" 56' E. Lat. 39° 21' N.
Top. 1,100.
Pedir, t. Sumatra, on the W. coast.
Pedra Shoals, in the W. Indies, extend from lat.
17° 20' to 30" N. and from lon. 79° 9' to 79° 17' W.
Pedra da Gale, small isl. near the W. coast of Af-
rica. Lat. 21" 48' N.
Pedras Point, on the coast of Brazil, 7 leagues
E. S.£. from the strait of St. John's island, and
75 from Cape North,
Pedraza, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 21 m. N. E.
Segovia.
Pedro, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the W.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 47" 48' E. Lat. 14°
50' S.
Pedrogaon, or Pedra^on, t. Portugal, in Estra-
madura, 41 m. N. E. Thomar, 110 N. E. Lisbon.
Peebles-shire, or Ttceeddale, county, Scotland,
bounded E. and S. E. by Berwick and Selkirk
shires, S. by Dumfries-shire, W. by Lanarkshire,
and N. by Mid-Lothian, lies between 53° 25' and
35" 30' N. lat. Pop. in 1811, 9,935.
Peebles, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
Perbles-shire, on the N. bank of the "Tweed, 22 m.
S. Edinburgh. Pop. 2,200.
Peekskill, p-v. in Cortlandt, Westchester co. N.
Y. on the Hudson, near the mouth of Peekskill
creek, 40 m. N. New York.
Peel, or Peel Town, t. Eng. on the W. coast of
the Ideof Man, at the mouth of Peel river, chiefly
noted lor the ruins of its castle and cathedral. 12
m. W. Douglas. Lon. 4° 41' W. Lat. 54° 15' N.
Pop. 1,200.
Pcelas, isl. in the Eastern seas, is W. of Basilan,
which is at the S. W. extremity of Magindanao.
Peeling, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 52 m. N. Con-
cord. Pop. 203.
Peene, r. Germany, which falls into the Baltic
at Peenemunde, and is navigable as far as Dem-
min. At Demmin it forms the boundary between
Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
Peenemunde, v. Prussia, in Pomerania, at the
mouth of the Peene, 23 m. S. S. E. Stralsund.
Pcepee, t. Pike co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 19 m.
below Chillicothe.
Peeply. See Piply.
Peer, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 22 m. N. by
W. Maestricht, 32 N. Liege. Pop. 1,200.
Peer, small isl. in the eastern seas. Lon. 118°
20' E. Lat. 5° 18' S.
Pecrgaum. t. Hind, in Aurungabad, at the con-
fluence of the Beemah and Sursutty rivers. Lon.
75° 2' E. Lat. 18°32'N.
Peerpunchaul, range of mountains in Hindostan,
which forms the southern boundary of Cashmere.
Pegau, t. Saxony, on the river Elster, 14 m. S.
S. W. Leipsic. Pop. 2,300.
Pegnas, or Pennas, Cape, cape on the N. coast
of Spain, in Asturia. Lon. 5° 53' W. Lat. 43"
4.1' N.
Pegnitz, r. Bavaria, which joins the Rednitzat
Furth, where the united stream takes the name of
Regnitz.
PcgThitz, t. Bavarian states, 28 m. N. N. E. Nu-
remburg. Pop. 900.
Pegnon de Velez, fort on N. coast of Morocco, 40
m. E. Gemera, 68 W. Melilla.
Pego, t. Spain, in Valencia, 41 m. S. by E. Va-
lencia, and 12 W. Denia. Pop. 3,000.
Pegon, small isl. in the river Caya, on the S.W.
boundary between Spain and Portugal, 4 m. from
Badajoz.
Pegu, formerly a kingdom of Asia, but now a
province of the Birraan empire. It is bounded N.
by Arracan and Ava, E. by Siam, S. by Siam and
the sea, and VV. by the bay of Bengal. It contains
several ranges of mountains, but, generally speak-
ing, is level and fertile. Its chief produce is rice.
The principal ports are Siriam, Negrais, and Ran-
goon ; but since the conquest of the country by
the Binnans, the latter is the only one open to Eu-
ropeans. The Peguers are, generally speaking,
idolaters of the sect of Boodh.
Pegu, a very ancient city, and formerly capital
of the above kingdom. It was a fortified town, and
was supposed to contain 150,000 inhabitants. The
destruction of this city was caused by its capture
in 1757, by the Birman emperor Alompra, who
caused parts of the walls to be le^'elled, destroyed
the houses, and dispersed, or led into captivity all
the inhabitants. The magnificent temple of Shoe-
madoo, however, still exists as a monument of the
greatness and devotion of its ancient monarchs.
It is in a plain, on the E. bank of Setang river, in
10^96° 12' E. lat. 17" 40' N.
Pegunnock, r. New Jersey, a N. W. branch oi
the Passaic.
Pegypscot. See Pejepscot.
Peiho, r. China, which runs into the Yellow sea,
in lat. 39" 3' N. The country through which it
flows is a dead flat, and the tide is felt for 400 miles
up.
Peila, r. Prussian states, which falls into the
Weistritz, above Schwcidnitz.
Peilau, V. Prussian states, 3 ni. S. E. Reichen
bach. Pop. 1,700.
Peina, t. Hanover, on the river Fu^e, 20 m. E.
Hanover. Pop. 3,000.
Peinghce, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy
river. At this place ships of 400 tons burden have
been built, at the distance of 200 miles from tht-
sea. Lon. 95" 50' E. Lat. 18" 31' N.
Peipus, Lake of, or Tschudkoe Osero, lake, Eu.
Russia, about 50 miles long, and 35 broad. It
communicates by a strait with the lake of Pskov,
and with the gulf of Finland, by the river Na-
rova.
Peirah, t. Malacca, on the W. coast, 100 m. N.
W.Malacca. Lat. 3" 40' N.
Peisern, or Py^dry, t. Prussian Poland, on the
Wartha, 35 m. E. S.'E. Posen. Pop. 2,100.
Peitz, t. Prussia, 33 m. S. by W. Frankfort on
the Oder. 20 E. S. E. Lubbcn. Poo. 1.400.
^ P E K
Pejepscot, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the
Androscoggin, 30 m. N. Portland, 140 N. N. E.
Boston. Pop. 805.
Pekiangho, r. China, in Quangtong, which rises
on the S. side of the great range of mountains
which divides it from the province of Kingsee. It
forms part of the great navigable communication
between Peking and Canton.
Peking, or Peking a great city of Asia, capital of
the empire of China. It is divided into the Chi-
nese and Tartar cities. The Tartar city forms
properly the main body of Peking, being surround-
ed by the principal wall, which incloses an area
of fourteen square miles. The Chinese city has
a wall of its own, which incloses an area of about
nine square miles. The suburbs are also very
large. According to the best official information
which lord Ma.cartney could procure, Peking con-
tains a population of three millions.
Peking, like most other Chinese cities, is laid
out by the square and line. A street four miles
long and 120 feet broad, reaches from one gate to
the other, and is crossed by another of similar
length and breadth. The other streets are narrow,
and many of them can only be considered as lanes.
They are all unpaved, and covered with sand and
dust ; but they are kept very clean, and frequently
watered. The principal streets consist almost en-
tirely of rows of shops, which are painted, gilded,
and adorned with much magnificence. Sky blue
and green mixed with gold, are the prevailing
colours upon the walls. The regular form of the
streets, the flat roofs, and the various ensigns with
which they are decorated, give Peking very much
the appearance of a large encampment. The
streets are peculiarly crowded, in consequence of
the number of trades that are carried on in the
open air. The numerous moveable workshops
of tinkers and barbers, coblers and blacksmiths;
the tents and booths where tea, fruit, rice, and
other eatables, are exposed to sale ; the wares and
merchandize arrayed before the doors ; the troops
of dromedaries, laden with coals from Tartary ;
the wheel-barrows and hand-carts stuffed with
vegetables, leave only a very narrow space unoc-
cupied.
Peking, according to Chinese ideas, is strongly
fortified. It is surrounded with walls about thirty
feet high, and 25 feet thick at their base ; but the
breadth on the top, witlnn the parapets, does not
exceed 12 feet ; so that it has a considerable slope,
especially on the inside, and rises by stages like
the pyramids. It is surrounded with a ditch, and
defended by square towers, placed at the interval
of 70 yards, which is reckoned a bowshot. Each
tower projects about 40 feet from the line of the
wall, and has a small guard-house on its summit.
The body of the wall is composed of the earth dug
up from the ditch ; but it is faced on each side
with a mixture of brick and stone.
The imperial palace is an inclosure within the
the city, formed by what is called the Yellow
Wall. The space contained within it, about a
mile in length, and three-fourths of a mile in
breadth, is artificially formed into an imitation of
rude and romantic nature. The edifices destined
tor the accommodation of the emperor, are placed
on hills of different height ; while the loftiest sum-
mits are crowned with pavilions, kiosks, and other
buildings, destined for pleasure and refreshment.
The imperial palace of If uen-mien, situated with-
out the city, presents the same scene on a much
more ext^^nded scale. The grounds here ?ire at
PEL
least 10 miles in diameter, and comprise an extent
of about 60,000 English acres. Lon. 116° 28' E.
Lat. 39" 55' N.
Pelagosa, isl. of the Adriatic, W. of Ragusa, 16
m. S. W. Agosta. Lon. 16° 10' E. Lat. 42" 46' N.
Pelaighe, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78° 8' E. Lat.
25° 21' N.
Pelauda, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 76° 45' E.
Lat. 26° 36' N.
Pelcuda, small isl. of the Grecian archipelago,
about 9 m. S. E. Athens, 12 W. by S. Cape Co-
lonna.
Pelee, small isl. on the N. coast of France, near
Cherbourg.
Pelegrino, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 162 '
W. Lat. 14° S.
Pelegrino, Cape, cape on the W, coast of tht
island of Lesina, in the Adriatic. Lon. 16" 26' E.
Lat. 43° 40' N.
Pelew Islands, or Palaos, a cluster of islands ir.
the W. part of the Pacific ocean, between the Phi-
lippine and Caroline islands. In 1783, captain
Wilson, commander of the Antelope packet, in the
service of the East India company, was wrecked
on this coast. The inhabitants had been repre-
sented as inhuman and savage, but captain Wil-
son found them hospitable, friendly, and humane.
The islands are circled on the W. side by a reef oi
coral, which, in some places, extends five or six
leagues from the shore. None of the islands the
English visited had any kind of grain, nor any
quadruped whatever, except some brownish grey
rats, which ran wild in the woods, and three or
four meagre cats. Yams and cocoa-nuts are the
chief articles of sustenance. The islands, when
viewed from the sea, exhibit high rugged land,
well covered with wood ; the interior parts are in
many places mountainous, but the vallies are ex-
tensive and beantiful. The soil is in general rich.
Lon. between 134° 5' and 134° 40' E. Lat. between
5° 54' and 8° 12' N.
Pelham, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada.
Pelham, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 40 m. S, S.
E. Concord. Pop. 998.
Pelham, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 85 m. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,185.
Pelham, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on East river,
18 m. from New York. Pop. 267.
Pelican Island, small isl. Alabama, near the S
coast, E. of Dauphin island.
Pelican Islaml, small isl. near the N. E. coast oi
Antigua, Lon. 61° 24' W. Lat. 17° 14' N.
Pelican Island, small island near the S.W. coast
of Antigua. Lon. 61° 35' W. Lat. 17° 10' N.
Pelican Key, Great, small isl. near the S. coast
of Jamaica. Lon. 76° 48' W. Lat. 17° 49' N. Lit-
tle Pelican Key is N. of Great Pelican.
Pelicunda, t. Hind, in the Circars. Lon. 84" 10
E. Lat. 18° 33' N.
Pelitne, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflu-
ence of the Pelime with the Taudo. Lon. 63° 50'
E. Lat. 59° 20' N.
Peling, isl. in the Yellow sea, near the coast of
Corea, 10 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon, 124° 28'
E. Lat. 38° 24' N.
Peling Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E.
coast of Celebes, about 50 miles long, by 15 broad.
Lon. 124° 28' E. Lat. 38° 24' N.
Pelion, now called Petras, a celebrated moun-
tain of Greece, in Thessaly, S. of Ossa, on the
gulf of Volo.
Pellegrue, t. France, in Gironde, 12 m. N. N. Ei
La Reole, and 30 E- Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500.
P E M
PeUenbeck, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
3 m. E. Louvain.
Pellerin, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the
S. bank of the Loire, 17 m. E. by S. Paimboeuf, 11
W. Nantes. Pop. 1,500.
Pellew^s, Sir Edward, Group, cluster of islands
on the N. coast of New Holland, and the W. shore
of the gulf of Carpentaria. Lat. of Centre island,
15" 39' S.
Pelleiv, Cape, the N. extremity of North island,
in Sir Edward Pellew's group. Lon. 137" 2' E.
Lat. 16" 30i S.
Pellew Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Ame-
rica, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 212" 57"
E. Lat. 60" 51' N.
Pellissane, t. France, in Mouths-of- the- Rhone,
15 m. W. S. VV. Aix. Pop. 2,600.
Pello, mountain, Swedish Lapland. Lon. 23"
58'30"E. Lat. 66" 48' 16' N.
Pelhvorm, small isl. in Denmark, on the W. coast
ofSleswick. Area, 15 sq. miles. Pop. 3,000.
Peloponnesus. See Morea.
Peloso, Cape, cape on the S. coast of the island
of Zante. Lat. 37" 50' N.
Pelsocs, or Pleissnits, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. by
W. Kesmark, 45 N. Erlau. Pop. 2, 100.
Pelugosa, small isl. in the gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Italy. Lon. 1 8" 32' E . Lat. 42" 20' N.
Pelussin, t. France, in Loire, 6 m. S. W. Con-
drieu, 14 E. St. Etienne. Pop. 3,300.
Pemaquid, bay on the coast of Maine, containing
several small islands. Lon. 69" 30' W. Lat. 43"
45' N.
Pemaquid, Point, cape on the coast of Maine.
Lon. 69" 30' W. Lat. 43" 37' N.
Pemba, isl. near the E. coast of Africa, 14 leagues
long. Lon. 4 1" E. Lat. 6" S.
Pemba, province of Congo, in W. Africa.
Pemba, t. Congo, cap. of the above province, 75
S. St. Salvador.
Pemberfon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. W. S.W.
Wigan. Pop. 2,934.
Pembroke, one of the southern counties of Wales,
bounded E. by Caermarthenshire, N. E. by Car-
diganshire, N. and W. by the Irish sea, and S. by
the Bristol channel. Pop. in 1811, 60,615.
Pembroke, borough and t. S. VVales, in Pem-
broke CO. situated on a singular neck of land, di-
viding the small estuary of Down Pool, which
flows from Milford Haven. It was anciently for-
tified, and protected by a most magnificent castle,
the vast ruins of which still give it an appear-
ance of uncommon grandeur. Pop. 2,415. 30 m.
W. S. W. Caermarthen, 237 W. London. Lon. 5"
W. Lat. 51" 37' N.
Pembroke, p-t. Piockingham co. N. H. on t|ie E.
side of the Merrimack, 6 m. S. E. Concord. Pop.
1,153. It is connected with Concord by a bridge
over the Suncook. It contains 2 churches, and
many valuable mills.
Pembroke, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 23 m. S. S. E.
Boston. Pop. 2,051.
Pembroke, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 25 m. E. Buf-
falo.
Pembroke, Cape, Hudson's bay. Lon. 82" 19' W.
Lat. 62" 51' N.
Pemgur, t. Hind, in Khandeish, on the S. bank
of the Nerbuddah river. Lon. 76° 35' E. Lat. 22"
28' N.
Pemigewasset, r. N. H. the main branch of the
Merrimack. It rises among the White Moun-
tains, and after a S. course of 70 miles, is joined
by the Winnipiseogee, at Saoborntown.
72
PEN
569
Pemnagur, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 86° 43' E.
Lat. 26" 29' N.
Penq/iel, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e MinhOj
21 m. E. N. E. Oporto. Pop. 4,000.
Penajiel, t. Spain, in Valladolid, 36 m. E.S. E.
Valladolid. Pop. 3,600.
Penamacor, t. Portugal, in Beira, 30 m. E. N.
E. Castel-Branco. Pop. 2,500.
Penas, Punla de, cape, on the W. coast of the
isthmus of Darien. Lat. 7" 25' N.
Penautitr Pegre, v. France, in Aude, 3 m. N.
W. Carcassone. Pop. 1,300.
Pendennis, peninsula, Eng. in Cornwall, at the
mouth of Falmouth harbor. On a rock here, ele-
vated upwards of 300 feet above the sea, stands
Pendennis castle, which completely commands
the entrance to the harbor.
Peruliles, Punta de, cape, on the S. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 82" 18' W. Lat. 21" 46' N.
Pendleton, v. Eng. in Lancashire, which, with-
in the last 30 or 40 years, has become a large, pop-
ulous, and thriving suburb of Manchester.
Pendleton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. S. S. E.
Clitheroe. Pop. 930.
Pendleton, co. in the central part of Virginia.
Pop. 4,239. Slaves, 262. Chief town, Franklin.
Pendleton, district, in the N. W. part of S. C.
on Keowee and Savannah river. Pop. 22,897, in-
cluding 3,485 slaves. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Pendleton, co. in the N. part of Kentucky. Pop.
3,061, including 386 slaves. Chief town, Fal-
mouth.
Pendleton'' s creek, r. Geo. which runs into the
Ohoopee, 4 or 5 m. above Tatnall court-house.
Pene, Cape, the N. W. point of Sardinia, in the
Mediterranean.
Penella, t. Portugal, in Beira, 15 m. S. E. Co-
imbra. Pop. 2,600.
Penes, Le^, v. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone^
9 m. N. \V. Marseilles. Pop. 1,000.
Penficld, t. Charlotte co. New Brunswick, on
the bay of Fundy.
Perifield, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on lake Ontario,
20 m. N. W. Canandaigua.
Penguin Island, small isl. near the Cape of
Good Hope, a little N. of Table Bay.
Penguin Island, isl. near the S. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 56" 45' W. Lat. 47" 22' N.
Penguin Island, small isl. near the coast of New
Holland, at the entrance into Adventure bay.
Lon. 147" 33' E. Lat. 43" 21' N.
Peniche, t. Portugal, on a peninsula, 48 m. N.
N. W. Lisbon. Lon. 9" 23' 56'' W. Lat. 39" 21'
48" N. Pop. 2,800.
Penicl, or PenucI, in Sac. Geog. a place on the
E. side the Jordan, near tlie brook Jabbok.
Penigk,t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 10 m. W.N,
W. Chemnitz, 43 W. Dresden. Pop. 3,000.
Peniscola, t. Spain, on the coast of Valencia, 30
m. S Tortosa, 82 N. E. Valencia. Lon. 0° 29' 30"
E. Lat. 40° 22' 40" N. Pop. 2,200.
Penistone, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 m. N. W.
Sheffield, 178 N. by W. London. Pop. 515.
Penjsheher, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 68"
24' E. 'Lat. 35" 16' N.
Penkridge, t. Eng. in StaflTordshire, 6 m. S. Staf-
ford, 129 N. W. London. Pop. 923.
Penkun, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 17 m-.
S. S. W. Stettin. Pop. 1,100.
Penmaen Mavr, mt. Wales, in Caernarvon co.
Penman Head, cape, Scotland, on the N. coast
of Aber(Tf>en?hirp. Lon- 2" ^' W. Lat. 57" .'^7' N .
.^10
P E JSf
Penny t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 3,798.
Penny East, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 665.
Peen, West, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 947.
Pemi's creek, r. Pa. which runs into the Susque-
hannah, 4 m. below Sunbury.
Penn's JVeck, Lower, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop.
1,163. ^
Penn's J^eck, Upper, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop.
1 ,638.
Penna di Bili, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 11 m. S. VV. San Marino. It is the see of
a bishop.
Pennaflor, t. Spain, in Seville, on the Guadal-
quivir, 41 m. W. S. W. Cordova.
Pennagra, fort, India. Lon. 7 7" 55' E. Lat. 12°
14 N.
Pennar, r. India, which falls into the bay of
Bengal, in lon. 80° 13'E. lat. 14° 26' N.
Pennara?ida, t. Spain, in Segovia, 29 m. E. S. E.
Salamanca, Pop. 3,200.
Pennatore, or Pondera, s-p. India, in Travan-
»:ore. Lon. 7«° 55' E. Lat. 8° 25' N.
Penne, t. France, in Tarn, on the Aveyron, 22
m. W. by N. Albi. Pop. 2,000.
Pennemarc, v. France, in Finisterre, 20 m. S.
*V. Quiniper.
Pennes, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 9
m. N. W. Marseille?, 12 S. W. Aix. Pop. 900.
Pennington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. E.
by E. Newton-in-Makerfield. Pop. 2,124.
Pennington, or Pennytown, v. Hunterdon co.
N. J. 27 m. N. E, by N. Philadelphia.
Pennsborough, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 728.
Pennsbornugk, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on the E.
side of the Susquehannah.
Pennsborough, East, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop.
Pennsborough, West, t. Cumberland co. Pa.
Pop. 1,284.
Pennsburg, t Bucks co. Pa. on a creek of the
Delaware.
Pennsylvania, one of the U. States, bounded N.
by New- York, E. by New-Jersey, S. E. by Dela-
ware, S. by Maryland and Virginia, and W. by
part of Virginia and Ohio. It extends from 39°
42' to 47° 17' N. lat. and from 74" 32' to 80° 27'
"VV. lon. Its greatest length from E. to W. is 307
miles, and its average breadth, 160. Extent,
-16,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. Pop.
in 1749, about 220,000 ; in 1790, 434,373 ; in
1800, 602,545; in 1810, 810,091; in 1820,
1,046,844. Militiain 1821, 115,231.
The Alleghany mountains run across the State,
from S. W. to N. E. and there are many smaller
ranges on each side of the principal ridge, and
parallel with it. These mountainous tracts cover
all the central parts of the State. In the S. E. and
N. W. the country is either level or moderately
hilly. A great portion of tlie State is good land,
and much of it excellent. The richest tract is in
the S. E- on both sides of the Susquehannah. This
part of the State has long been settled, and is fine-
ly cultivated. The tract between Lake Erie and
Alleghany river has also a very superior soil, but
js as yet very thinly inhabited. Wheat is by far
the most important agricultural product and
grows here to great perfection. The next in val-
ue is Indian corn. Rye, barley, buck- wheat, oats,
hemp, and flax, are also extensively cultivated.
The most important mineral is coal, which is
found in abundance in the western part of the
State. The country around Pittsburg is one great
PEN
bed of coal, and the hills within sight of the towo
are full of that mineral. Iron ore also abounds in
the same vicinity, and in other places.
The inhabitants are of several different nations.
About one half are of English origin; one fourth,
German ; and an eighth, Irish. The remainder
are Scotch, Welsh, Swedes, and Dutch. The
language commonly spoken is the English. But
the Germans, Dutch, and Irish, retain their own
language, and many of them cannot speak English.
Out of 84 newspapers published in this State, 15
are in the German language. There are manj
different denominations of Christians in Pennsyl-
vania. A few years since, the PresbyterianS;
German Calvinists, German Lutherans, Friends,
and Baptists, had each nearly 100 congregations.
Besides these, there are Methodists, Episcopalians,
Scotch Presbyterians, Moravians, &:c.
The great mass of the population is in the south,
particularly in the S. E. near the banks of the
Susquehannah and Delaware rivers. The north-
ern half of the State, in 1810, did not contain
one-eighth part of the population. The popula-
tion increases with considerable rapidity, though
not so fast as in the western States.
The legislative power is vested in a senate and
house of representatives. The number of sena-
tors cannot be less than one-fourth, nor greater
than one-third of the number of representatives.
They hold their offices 4 years, and one-fourth of
them are elected each year. The number of rep-
resentatives cannot be less than 60, nor more than
100, and they are chosen annually. The governor
is elected for 3 years ; but is not eligible more than
9 out of any 12 years. The elections are made
on the 2d "Tuesday in October, and the legisla-
ture meets in December.
The principal literary institutions are the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia ; Jeffer-
son college, at Canonsburg ; Washington college .
at Washington ; and Alleghany college, at Mead-
ville. Dickinson college, formerly *a flourishing
institution, at Carlisle, and Franklin college, at
Lancastei', are not now in operation. The Mo-
ravians have flourishing schools at Bethlehem and
Nazareth, in the eastern part of the State. Pro-
vision has been made by the legislature for estab-
lishing an academy in every county.
There are good turnpike roads leading from
Philadelphia, in various directions. The principal
is from Philadelphia, through Lancaster, to Pitts-
burg. A diagonal road across the State, from Phil-
adelphia to the town of Erie on lake Erie, is con-
siderably ad%^anced, and a road from Philadelphia
through the eastern counties towards Sacket's har-
bor, on lake Ontario, is executed to the line of New
York'. These are in fact, military roads, the im-
portance of which may be felt in future wars. —
The legislature have recently appropriated a large
sum to the improvement of inland navigation.
In value and variety of manufactures, this is
the first State in the Union. The value in 1810,
was $33,691,111. Pennsylvania is well situated
for a manufacturing State. Her numerous rivers
abound with fine mill-seats, and the western parts
of the State furnish inexhaustible stores of fuel
for steam-engines. In 1816, there were more than
5,000 improved mill-seats in this State.
Most of the foreign goods consumed in this
State, Delaware, and the western part of New
Jersey, are imported at Philadelphia. Goods to
a large amount are also transported, in waggons.
PEN
P E R
571
3Yom Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and thence dis-
tributed through the western country. It is com-
puted that 10 waggons, on an average, leave Phil-
adelphia every day for Pittsburg, loaded with
merchandize, and the annual value of the mer-
chandize thus transported, is estimated at
$18,f)00,000. In 1815, the amount of revenue
paid by this State into the National Treasury, was
/JJ?, 142, 333, an amount greater than that of any
State, except New York. In amount of shipping,
Pennsylvania is the fifth State in the Union ; the
number of tons in 1816, was 102,474. The value
of exports from this State in 1820, was $5,743,549,
of which $2,794,670 was foreign produce.
Pennycuik, v. Scotland, 9i m. S. W. Edinburgh.
Pop. 500.
Peno, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Penobscot, co. Maine, on both sides of Penob-
scot river, bounded E. by Washington co. S. by
Hancock co. and W. by Kennebeck and Somerset
counties. Pop. 7,471. Chief town, Bangor.
Penobscot, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on
the E. side of Peoobscot bay, 10 ni. N. Castine,
240 N. E. Boston. It is a place of considerable
trade, and possessed in 1816, above 24,044 tons of
shipping. Lat. 44° 27' N.
Penobscot, the largest river in Maine, has two
principal branches. The western and longest
branch rises west of Moosehead lake, in the high-
lands which separate Maine from Canada, and
flowing east through Chesuncook lake, unites
with the eastern branch, about 60 miles north of
Bangor. After the junction, the river flows south,
and tails into the head of Penobscot bay. It is
aavigable for sea vessels to Bangor, 50 miles
from Owls head, at the entrance of the bay.
Penobscot Bay, a spacious bay on the coast of
Maine, at the mouth of Penobscot river, contain-
ing numerous islands and many fine harbors.
Penpoul, s-p. France, in Finisterre. It serves
as the harbor of St. Pol.
Penrith, t. Eng. in Cumberland co. 18 m. S.
Carlisle, 220 N. N. W. London. Lou. 2" 45' W.
Lat. 54" 40' N. Pop. 5,000.
Penryn, t. Eng. in Cornwall, at the head of a
creek which runs into Falmouth harbor, 2 m. N.
VV. Falmouth, 260 W, S. W. London. Lon. 5° 5'
W. Lat. 50° 10' N. Pop. 2,713.
Pensa, a government of Eu. Russia, between
Niznei-Novgorod and Saratov. Area, 16,500 sq.
miles. Pop. nearly 800,000. It lies between 53"
and 54" N. lat. ; its climate is mild, and the soil tol-
erably fertile.
Pensa, the capital of the above government, is
at the confluence of the Pensa and Sura, 460 m.
S. E. Moscow. Lon. 45° 38' E. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Pop. 10,000.
Pensaeola, s-p. Florida, on the W. side of Pen-
sacola bay, 9 m. above the fort at its entrance, 50
E. S. E. Mobile. It stands on a dry, sandy plain,
elevated 18 or 20 feet above the level of the wa-
ter, and is represented to be perfectly healthy at
all seasons of the year. The population in 1819,
was about 2,000, principally Spanish. Many of
the houses and public structures are spacious and
♦elegant, but wear the appearance of decay. Since
the cession of Florida to the U. States, emigrants
from various parts of the Union have resorted to
this place in great numbers, with the expectation
that its fine bay, and other natural advantages,
will render it a place of great trade. Lat. 30°
2'a' N. Lon. 87" W.
Pe.n=30ol5i bay is 15 mile? lon^, and from 3i to
6| broad, at the mouths of Escambia and Aliai-
rante rivers. It is completely landlocked, so that
vessels are perfectly safe from every wind. The
water is said to be sufficiently deep for vessels oi
the largest class. The bar at the mouth has four
fathoms of water over it. A fortification on Rose
island, and another on the main, opposite to it,
would effectually defend the entrance. On the
banks of the two rivers, which run into the bay,
there are said to be large quantities of live oak.
This bay is of more importance, as it is the only
commodious and safe harbor for large ships, be-
longing to the U. States, in the gulf of Mexico.
Pensford, t. Eng. in Somerset, 116 m. W. Lon-
don. Pop. 296.
Peniecosle, or Whitsunday Island, small isl. in
the Pacific, one of the New Hebrides.
Pentecose, r. Canada, which runs into the river
St. Lawrence, in lon. 66° 45' W. lat 49° 45' N.
Penthievre, Fort, France, in Morbihan, 15 m.
S. E. Lorient.
Penthir Zointe de, cape, on the N. W. cojist of
France. Lon. 4° 32' W. Lat. 48° 15' N.
Pentima, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 5 m. N.
W. Sulmona, 21 E. Alba.
Pentland Frith, strait, which separates the
mainland of Scotland from the Orkney isles. It
is only 12 miles over, but in it the sea runs with
impetuous force by the meetings of many tides.
This dangerous strait is the great thoroughfare
from the eastern to the western coasts of the king-
dom, and is the terror of the boldest sailors, and
the grave of thousands.
Pentland Skerries, small islands at the E. end of
the Pentland frith, on the largest of which is a
light-house, 4 m. N. E. Duncansby-head. Loij.
2°48'W. Lat. 58° 38' N.
Pentraeth, t. Wales, in Anglesey, 5 m. fr. Beau-
maris. Pop. 645.
Penuconda, or Bilconda, t. and fort, India, in
Mysore. Lon. 77° 40' E. Lat. 14° 1' N.
Penzance, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the N. W. side
of Mounts bay, remarkable for the mildness and
salubrity of the air. Till of late, llie town was
noted for smuggling. Pop. 4,022. 11 m. N. E. of
the Land's End, 27' S. W. Truro, 282 W. S. W.
London. Lon. 5" 32' W. Lat. 50" 7' N.
Penzing, v. Austria, W. of Vienna. Pop. 3,300.
Penzlin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 10 m. N. New Strelitz. Pop. 1,600.
Pcperi, small isl. on the N. E. coast of Greece,
at the entrance of the gulf of Salonica, opposite
to the peninsula of VMo, 18 m. E. by N. Scopelos.
Pepin Lake, U. S. an expansion of the river
Mississippi, below St. Anthony's falls. Lon. 92"
45' W. Lat. 43° 50' N.
Pcploud, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 76" 45' E,
Lat. 21° 42' N.
Pepong, 2 small islands near the coast of China.
Lon. 107° E. Lat. 23" 22' N.
Pepper Bnij, bay on the W. coast of Java, 30 va.
S. S. W. Bantam. Lon. 105" 40' E. Lat. 6" 24' S.
Pepperell, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 39 m. N. W.
Boston, Pop. 1,333.
Pepi/'s Islands. See Falkland Isles.
Pequannark, t. Morris co. N. J. bordering on
Bergen county. Pop. 3,853.
Pequannock, r. Fairfield co. Ct. which flows into
Long Island Sound, 5 m. S. W. Stratford river.
Peqxdgny, t. France, on the Somme, 9 m. W.
Amiens,'20 S. E. Abbeville. Pop. 1,300.
Pfra, or Pulo Pera, small i^l. in the Eastern.
572
PER
seas, at the entrance of the straits of Malacca,
Lon. 98" 36' E. Lat. 5° 64' N.
Pera, Cape, on the E. coast of the island of Ma-
jorca. Lon. 3" 31' 40" E. Lat. 39" 42' 12" N.
Pera Head, cape, New Holland, in the gulf of
Carpentaria. Lon. 141" 40' E. Lat. 12" 58^' S.
Peracora, v. Greece, 10 m. N. N. E. Corinth.
Peralada, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Llo-
bregat, 9 m. W. Rosas. Pop. 2,300.
Peralta, t. Spain, in Navarre, 1 1 m. S. W. Olite.
Lon. r 48' W. Lat. 42° 26' N.
Perambaucam, t. India, in the Carnatic, on the
S. side of Coortelair river, 14 m. N. E. Conje-
veram.
Perames, t. Bergen co. N. J. 21 m. N. N. W.
New York.
Peraslo, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 8 m. N. Cattaro.
Pop. 2,800.
Perault, v. France, in Herault, 3 m. S. E. Mont-
pelier.
Perce, imali v. Canada, in the district of Gaspe,
at the S. point of Malbay, containing 25 or 30
houses, principally inhabited by fishermen.
Percee Isle, small isl. Lower Canada, on the W.
side of the gulf of St. Lawrence, 13 m. S. Cape
Gaspe,
PercevaWs, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Perche, Le, formerly a province of France,
now included in the departments of the Orne,
and Eure-and-Loir.
Perche, or Col de la Perche, a mountain pass,
leading from Roussillon to Cerdagne, in Catalo-
nia, and guarded on the French side by a fort
called Mont Louis. It is in the department of the
Eastern Pyrenees.
Percipany. See Parcipany.
Percy, t. France, in La Manche, 15 m. b. St.
Lo, 16 N. Avranchcs. Pop. 2,900,
Percy, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada, on
the river Trent.
Percy Isles, a chain of islands in the Pacific
ocean, near the N. E. coast of New Holland, about
30 m. from the mainland, and extending from
21° 32' to 21° 43' S. lat. The largest is about
13 miles in circuit.
Perdamo, r. Quito, which enters the gulf of
Guyaquil, in lat. 3° S.
Perdido, r. which separates Florida from Ala-
bama. It runs g. and forms a considerable bay,
which communicates with the gulf of Mexico, 30
m. E. Mobile point, in lon. 87° 13' W.
Perea, small isl. near the coast of Bi-azil. Lon.
45° 2- \V. Lat. 2° 22' S.
Perebera, r. New Granada, which runs into the
Carribean sea, in lat. 11° 16' N.
Pirecop,?i. very ancient fortress in Eu. Russia,
on the isthmus which joins the peninsula of the
Crimea to the continent. The town has only 1,200
inhabitants. Large quantities of salt are found in
the vicinity. 67 m. N. by W. Akhmetschet. Lon.
33°42'E. Lat. 46° 9' N.
Perejaslavl, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 55 m. S.
S, E, Kiev. Pop. 6,00(>.
Perekmou, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the
Amour, 56 m. N. E. Stretensk.
Peremyschl, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, on the
Oka, 16 m. S. S. W. Kaluga. Lon. 33" 44' E, Lat.
54° 15' N. Pop. 1,400.
Perene, r. Peru, which rises about 40 m. N. of
Tarma, and after a S. E. course of above 100
miles, joins the Xauxa, to form the Ene.
Peres, or Constantine Perez, isl. on the coast of
Chili, near the harbor of Valdivia.
PER
Pereslavl-Saleskoe, t . Eu. Russia, in Vladimii%
88 m. N. E. Moscow. Lon. 37° 37' 45" E. Lat.
55" 15' 30" N, Pop. 4,000.
Perevoloczna, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
on the Dnieper, 112 m. N. W. Ekaterinoslav.
PergamtJM, t. Buenos Ay res, 100 m. from the
city of Buenos Ayres. Lon. 60° 43' W. Lat. 33°
53' S,
Pergamo, t. A. Turkey, about 15 m. up the
Gremalki, which falls into the gulf of Sandarie.
Lon. 27" E. Lat. 39° 11' N.
Pergamos, in Sac. Geog. See Pergamo.
Pergen, or Pergine, district of the Austrian
states, in Tyrol, 6 m. E. Trent. Pop. 7,000.
Pergola, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
32 m. W. Ancona. Pop. 3,000.
Perhuy, Poinie de, cape, on the W. coast of
France. Lon. 4° 33' W. Lat. 48° 17' N.
Periac, t. France, in Aude, 6 m. S. W. Nar-
bonne.
Periapatam, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 25'
E. Lat. 12" 21' N.
Perico, 3 small islands in the gulf of Panama,
2 leagues S. of the city of Panama, in lat. 8° 56' N.
Perigord, formerly a province in the S. W. of
France, now forming the department of the Dor-
dogne.
Perigueux, t. France, cap. of Dordogne, on the
lUe, 55 m. S. W. Limoges, 70 N. E. Bourdeaux.
Lon. 0° 43' E. Lat. 45° 1 1' N. Pop. 6,200.
Perim, small isl. in the straits of Babel Mandeb,
4 m. fr. the coast of Africa. Lon, 43° 50' E. Lat.
12° 36' N.
Perinaldo, t. Piedmont, 18 m. E. N. E. Nice.
Pop. 1,300.
Perinda, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76° 50'
E. Lat. 18° 33' N.
Peringary, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78° 40'
E. Lat. 9° 38' N.
Perkins, p-t. Huron co, Ohio, in which is San-
dusky.
Perkinsonville, p-v. Amelia co. Va.
Perkiomen, r. Montgomery co. Pa. which runs
into the Schuylkill, 10 m. above Norristown.
Perlak, t. Hungary, 12 m. E. Warasdin. Lon.
16" 35' 13" E. Lat. 46° 20' 40" N.
Perlas. See Pearl Islands.
Perleberg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg,
62 m. N. W. Berlin, 76 S. E. Hamburgh. Pop.
3,000.
Perm, a government of Russia, bounded W. by
Viatka, and E. by Tobolsk, extending from 56° to
62° N. lat. Area, 116,000 square miles. Pop.
1,10<1,000. It is in general a hilly country, cov-
ered with vast and impe!)etrable forests. The an-
nual export of metal is computed at 2,000 tons of
copper, and 70,000 tons of iron. In religion, the
inhabitants are partly Christians, partly Mahom-
etans, and in no inconsidenible degree Pagans.
Perm, chief place of the preceding government,
is on the river Kama. 910 m. E. by S. St. Peters-
burg, 720 E. N. E. Moscow. Lon. 56° 26' E. Lat.
58"1'N. Pop. 3,800.
Permacoil, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79"
52'E. Lat. 12°13'N.
Permera Rocks, rocks in the Eastern Indian sea,
near the coast of Canara. 20 m. N. Mangalore.
Lat. 13"10'N,
Pernalla, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 72° 53' E.
Lat. 20" 35' N.
Pernambuco, a province of Brazil, bounded N.
and E. by the Atlantic ocean, south by Bahia, and
E. by the desert territory. It is about 470 milw
PER
from N. to S. and about 370 from E. to W. It
abounds in sugar-cane, cotton and Brazil wood.
Pop. 1,100,000.
Pemambuco, or St. Antonio do Recife, t. Brazil,
and cap. of the province of the same name, is situ-
ated at the moutli of the river Bibiribe and Capi-
varibe, and consists of three divisions, Recife, St.
Antonio, and Boa Vista, connected together by
bridges. The division of Recife is nearest the sea,
on a long narrow neck of land. The harbour is form-
ed by a reef of rocks which run parallel with the
town, at a very small distance. The lower har-
bour, for vessels of 400 tons and upwards, is very
dangerous, as it is open to the sea ; and the beach
opposite to it is very steep. The port has two en-
trances, defended by two stone forts. Pemambu-
co is aothriving place ; and since the ports of Bra-
zil were thrown open to foreign commerce, it is
daily increaeing in opulence and importance. Pop.
32,000.
Pemau, or Perna-Ein, t. Eu. Russia, in Livo-
nia, on the gulf of Riga, 105 m. N. by E. Riga, 76
3. by W. Revel. Pop. 2,200.
Pemes, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m. S. Carpen-
tras, 14 E. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 3,500.
Pernicious Islands, cluster of islands in the Pa-
cific ocean, about 15 miles in circumference. Lon.
140''45'W.Lat. 16° S.
Perno, t. Eu. Ruisia, in Finland, on the gulf of
Finland, 8 m. W. Lovisa, 35 W. Fredericsham.
Lon. 16" 4' E. Lat. 60" 26' N.
Perols, Etang de, bay on the S. coast of France,
in Herault. Lon. 4° 2' E. Lat. 43" 32' N.
Peronne, L France, in Somme, on the right bank
of the Somme. It is a place of strength, both from
its situation and its fortifications. On the 26th
June 1815, it was stormed by a body of British. 30
m. S. W. Cambray, 28 E. Amiens. Lon. 2° 56' E.
Lat. 49" 55' N. Pop. 3,700.
Peros Banhos, small islands in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 72" 10' E. Lat. 5" 30' S.
Perosa, Lay t. Piedmont, 8 m. N. W..Pinerolo,
24 W. S. W. Turin. Pop. 2,300.
Peroic, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz, about 60 miles
from the E. coast. The fortress of San Carlos is
to the N. of the town. The Coffre de Perote to
the S.E. is of great height, and serves, along with
the volcano of Orisba, as a landmark to make the
port of Vera Cruz.
Perouges, t. France, in Ain, 22 m. S. Boui^.
Perpetua, Cape, cape on the N. VV. coast of
America. Lon. 235" 52' E. Lat. 44" 6' N.
Perpignan, t, France, in Eastern Pyrenees, on
the river Tet. It is a pLn.e of great strengtii, and
accounted one of the keys of the kingdom on the
side of Spain. Its trade consists in corn, wine,
wool, and iron. 38 m. S. Narbonne, 110 S. W.
Montpelier. Lon. 2" 54' E. Lat. 42" 42' N. Pop.
12,000.
Perquimans, co. in the E. part of N. C. Pop.
6,052, including 2,017 slaves. Chief town, Hert-
ford.
Perrecy. See Percey.
Perreux, t. France, in Loire, 3 m. E. Roannes,
7 m. S. Charlieu sur Loire. Pop. 2,600.
Perriers, t. France, in La Manche, 8 m. N. Cou-
tances. Pop. 2,500.
Perrington, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Erie
canal.
Perrosguirec, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 6 m.
N. Lannion, 40 N. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,500.
Perry, t. Washington co. Maine, on Passama-
.quoddy bay, 25 m. N. E. Machias.
PER
sia
Perry, p-t. Genesee co. (N. Y.) S. of Batavia.
Perry, co. Alabama.
Perry, co. Ken. formed in 1820 from Clay and
Floyd counties.
Perry, co. Ohio, formed in 1318. Chief town,
Somerset.
Perry, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, be-
tween Painesville and Madison.
Perry, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 580.
Perry, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Woos-
ter. Pop. in 1819, 415.
Perry, i. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Zanes-
ville.
Perry, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Gallipolis.
Perry, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Perry, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. Lancaster.
Perry, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. in 1815,
3,000. Chief town, Troy.
Perryopolis, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Yiohiog-
any. A newspaper is printed here.
Perrysburg, t. Wood co. Ohio, at the lower rap-
ids of the Maumee, 18 m. above its mouth, 36 W.
Croghansville, 140 N. W. Columbus.
Perrysrille, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Perrysville, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 7 m. from Pitts-
burg.
Perrysville, p-t. Mercer co. Ken.
Perrysville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on an eastern
fork of Mohiccon creek.
Perrysville, t. and cap. Bond co. Illinois, on the
Kaskaskia, 50 m. E. by N. St Louis.
Persah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° 40' E . Lat.
27" 10' N.
Persaim, or Bassein, t. Birman empire, in Pe-
gue,on the Irrawuddy,here called the Persaim riv-
er, and capable of admitting ships up to the town.
Lon. 95" E. Lat. 16" 50' N.
Persante, or Psante, r. Prussia, in Pomerania,
which falls into the Baltic, a little below Col-
berg.
Persauma, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° 32' E.
Lat. 26" r N.
Perse, or Prese, r. Eu. Russia, which fulls into
the Dwina, near Rockenhausen.
Persepolis, Ruins of. The remains of this an-
cient capital of Persia are 30 m. N. N. E. Schiras.
The majestic ruins which distinguish this site ap-
pear to be solely those of the great palace of Da-
rius, which was set fire to by Alexander, in a fit
of frenzy. This superb edifice has the walls
of three of its sides still standing. The front ex-
tends 600 paces from N. to S. while the side reach-
ing from E. to W. extends 390 paces. The col-
umns, staircases, images, and relievos are exceed-
ingly magnificent. •
Perserin, or Prisrendi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania, 45 m. E. by N. Scutari, 108 N. Joannina.
Pop. 16,000.
Pershore, t. Eng. in Worcester co. once famed
for its abbey, is on the N. bank of the Avon, 9 ra.
E. S. E. Worcester, 102 W. N. W. London. Lon.
2" 4' W. Lat. 52" 7' N. Pop. 1,500.
Persia, an extensive empire of Asia, whose lim-
its have been very variously defined. The region
which seems to be most properly considered ai
Persia, is bounded W. by the Euphrates and Ti-
gris, with the mountains of Armenia and Koordis-
tan ; N. by the Caspian and the mountains of Cau-
casus ; S. by the Persian gulf; E. by a vast sandy
and saline desert, which partly extends as far as
the Indus, partly rises into the lofty mountain re-
gions of Hindoo Coosh and Parapomisus. It has
been usual to extend Persia as far as the ladus ;
su
PER
buttKe mountainous countries of Cabul and Can-
dahar have been long entirely independent of her.
The southern sandy deserts of Mekran and Beloo-
chiatan are ?till more universally included in our
maps of Persia ; a division, however, which seems
to be made with little propriety.
The loftiest mountains of Persia are on its bor-
ders. The most remarkable is the immense chain
of Caucasus, which fills tlie interval between the
Black sea and the Caspian. Southwards from this
branch spread the mountains of Armenia and
Koordistan. These mountains, which are very
lofty, form the frontier between the Persian and
Turkish empires. From the highest part of them,
a great chain, under the name of Elwand or El-
bruz, makes a circuit round the southern shore of
the Caspian, leaving between itself and that sea a
very fertile plain. It is continued along the south-
ern frontier of Khorassan, and is supposed to unite
with the mountains of Parapomisus, and through
them, with the Hindoo Coosh and Himmaleh.
Chains of inferior height traverse the southern
provinces of Khusistan and Farsistan. The inte-
rior of Persia consists of an immense, dry, salt
plain. It is traversed, however, by many moun-
tains, either independent, or connected with the
great frontier chains, the streams descending from
which are usually lost in the sands, or formed into
lakes. These streams produce, however, all the fer-
tility which the empire can boast ; and when they
are abundant, render the plains through which tliey
flow, beautiful and luxuriant in an extraordinary
degree. That of Schiras is considered the boast
of Persia. The provinces on the Caspian, water-
ed from the great chains of Caucasus and Elbruz,
are of very remarkable fertility. The principal
cultivated productions are the vine, the mulber-
ry, and fruits of various kinds. A vast extent of
the empire, however, is abandoned to pasture, and
tenanted by wandering shepherds, like those of
Tartary and Arabia. The government of Persia
is in its principle entirely absolute. The reign-
ing king has always been judged the vicegerent of
the prophet, and entitled to the most implicit obe-
dience. No monarch has ever ruled with more
arbitrary sway than he who now fills the throne.
He is absolute master of the lives and properties
of his subjects. The wandering tribes, however,
are ruled by their own khans, who carry on all
the internal administration, and merely pay mili-
tary service when required. The military force
of the Persian empire, it is said, may by a great
effort, be raised to 150,000, or 200,000 men. It
consists entirely of cavalry, and receives no regu-
lar pay. The Persians are the most polite nation
in the east. They are also the most learned ; po-
etry and the sciences may even be considered as
their ruling passion. The whole Persian nation
are now Mahometans, of the sect of Sunnites, or
of the followers of Ali, who, on that ground are
viewed by the Turks with still greater abhorrence
than even Christians. The Persians themselves
are not an intolerant people ; they listen without
anger to the professions or arguments of those who
hold a different belief, and do not allow this cir-
cumstance to cause any interruption of social in-
tercourse. The Persians, to a considerable ex-
tent, are a manufacturing people. Those unri-
valled carpets, to which we give the name of
Turkey, are wrought in Persia. Silk is also a
great staple, either by itself, or mixed with cotton
and wool ; and they excel particularly in brocade
and embroidery. All estimates of the population
PER
of Persia are founded on the most vague conjec-
ture.
Persian Gulf, called also the sea of Ommon, an
extensive bay of the Indian ocean, which, stretch-
ing in a W. N. W. direction, divides Persia from
Arabia. It is about 600 miles long.
Persolem, or Pursoiem, t. Hind, in Orissa, and
cap. of a district of the same name.
Pertaf;ur, t. and fortress, Hiud. in Allahabad.
Lon. 82° 23' E. Lat. 25° 58' N.
Perth, CO. Scotland, bounded E. by Forfar, S.
E. by the frith of Tay and th« counties of Kinross
and Fife, S. by the Forth and the counties of Clack-
mannan and Stirling, S. W. by Dumbartonshire,
W. by Argyle, N. W. by Inverness, and N. by Ab-
erdeen. Extent, 5,000 square miles, or 4,068,640
acres. It contains 80 parishes, 26,404 inhabited
houses, and, in 1801, 136,366 inhabitants.
Perth, the capital of the above county, is on the
W. bank of the Tay. It has been the scene
of many important transactions recorded in Scot-
tish history. The salmon fishery on the Tay, near
this place, is very extensive. The staple manu-
facture at Perth is linen ; but, of late the cotton
manufacture has almost superseded it. Besides
these, here are extensive manufactures of leather,
boots, shoes, and gloves. The grammar school of
Perth has long been accounted one of the best in
Scotland. 39 m. N. Edinburg, 22 W. Dundee, 15
S. Dunkeld. Lon. 3° 27' W. Lat. 56° 22' N. Pop.
in 181 1, 17,248.
Perth, t. Up. Canada, on the river P»,ideau.
Perth-Amboy. See Jlmhoy.
Perthuis, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Can-
ada, 34 m. VV. Quebec.
Pertuis, t. France, in Vaucluse, 14 m. S. E.
Apt, 40 S. E. Avignon. Pop. 4,000.
Pertuis cfAntioche. See Antioche.
Peru, one of the viceroyalties of Spanish Ameri-
ca. It extends from the Rio Tumbez, in 3° 30'
S. lat. to the chain of Vilcanota, in 15° S. lat. It
is bounded N. by New Granada, E. by Brazil, S.
E. by B iienos Ayres, S. by the desert of Atacama,
which separates it from Chili, and W. by the Pa-
cific ocean. The Andes pass through the whole
length of the country parallel with the Pacific
ocean. There are two principal ridges, called
the eastern and western Cordillera. The coun-
try between them is an elevated plain or table
land, generally from 8,000 to 10,000 feet above
the level of the sea. The narrow tract between
the western Cordillera and the Pacific is a plain,
principally sandy and barren. The tops of the
Andes are covered with eternal snow, and the
low country on the coast is hot and unhealthy,
while the intermediate table land enjoys a uni-
form and delightful climate. Earthquakes are
common ; Lima has been repeatedly almost ruin-
ed by them. There are 70 gold mines, 700 silver
mines, and 4 of quicksilver, besides several of
copper and lead. 'The annual produce of the gold
and silver mines is more than $4,000,000. 'Phe
population, according to the last census, is
1,079,122, of which number 619,000 are civilized
Indians, and the rest are whites, negroes, mulat-
toes, and mestizoes. The Spanish settlements are
on the high table land between the mountains,
and on the sea coast. They do not extend east of
the Andes.
Peru trades with Europe, the East Indies, coast-
wise with Mexico, Gualimala, and Chili, and
over land with the provinces of the Rio de la Pla-
ta. Ita ox}>orts are chiefly gold and silver, wine,
PES
PET
575
jbraixly, sugar, pimento, Jesuit's bark, salt, viciflia
wool, and coarse woollens ; and it receives in re-
turn Europeangoods, live stock, provisions, tallow,
cacao, Paraguay tea, cocoa leaf, indigo, timber,
Gordage, pitch, and copper. Amid the recent
commotions in South America, Peru has remained
unshaken in its allegiance to the king of Spain.
Armaments have been filtod out by the Patriots of
Buenos Ayres and Chili, for the invasion of this
country, but hitherto (1820) without success.
Peru, Bennington co. Vt. 30 m. N. E. Benning-
ton. Pop. 239.
Peru, p-t. Berkshire co, Mass. 16 m. N. N. E.
Lenox. Pop. 912.
Peru, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y. on Lake Champlain,
140 m. JV. Albany. Pop. 1,933.
Pen-encheres, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. S. W.
.Mortagne, 14 N. E. Aleucon. Pop. 800.
Perugia, a delegation of Italy, in the States of
the Church, including the ci-devant Perugino. Pop.
182,000.
Pervgia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
capital of a delegation of the same name, near the
Tiber. It has manufactures of velvet and other
silk stuffs. The surrounding country is one of
the richest and finest in Italy. 30 m. N. N. W.
Spolcto, 8.J IV. Rome. Lon. 12" 22' E. Lat. 43" 6'
N. Pop. 16,000.
Pcruipe, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lat. 18° 20' S.
Peruwdz, i. Netherlands, in Ilainault, 12 m. N.
by E. Valencienne?, 18 W. by N. ftlons. Pop.
5,:>00.
Pciwez le Murrhts, t. N'etherlands, in South
Brabant, 12 m. N. Namur, 25 S. E. Brussels.
PerwuUum, t. Hind, in Golconda, on the S. bank
of the Kistna. Lon. 78" 40' E. Lat. ir>" 51' N.
PersHigno, t. Dalmatia, on thegulf ofCattaro, 3
m. N. W. Cattaro. Pop. 1,600.
Pesant, Point, the N. point of the island of
Banca.
Pesaro, t. Italy, in tlie States of the Church,
near the Foglia, 18 m. E. N. E. Urbino, 34 N. W.
Ancoiia. Lon. 12" 53' E. Lat. 45" 55' N. Pop.
10,000.
Pescara, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Citra, on the
Adriatic, at the mouth of the river Pescara. It
was formerly the see of a bishop, now removed to
Atri. 6 m. N. E. Chieti, 40 E. Aquila.
Pescara, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo, which has
its source in the Appennines, and falls into the
Adriatic at Pescara.
Pescarolo, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 9
m. N. E. Cremona.
Peschici, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 11 m. N. W.
Vieste. Pop. 1,600.
Peschiera, t. and fortress, Austrian Italy, near
the spot where the Mincio issues from the lake of
Garda, 15 m. W. Verona, 18 N. N. W. Mantua.
Lon. 10" 42' E. Lat. 45" T N. Pop. 2,500.
Pescia, t. Tuscany. It is the see of a bishop. 10
m. W. S. W. Pistoja, 20 E. N. E. Florence.
Peseta, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. S. Treviso.
Pescina, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, 34 m.
N. by E. Ponte Corvo.
Pesco Constanzo, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ci-
tra, 10 m. S. by E. Sulmona. Pop. 2,300.
Pcseguero, small isl. near the coast of Portugal,
Lon. 8" 52' W. Lat. 37" 40' N.
Pesenas, or Pezenas, t. France, at the conflu-
ence of the Peyre and the Herault, 14 m. N. E.
Beziers, 25 S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 7,000.
Pescnberg, t. Austria, on the Danube, opposite
Tpseom. W.Vienna.
Peshawux, Peshour, or Peishore, district, Af-
ghanistan, province of Cabul, formerly Bekram.
It is intersected by the Kameh or Cabul river. Al-
though the district is only 35 miles in circumfer-
ence, it is said to contain 300,000 inhabitants.
This district is the favourite residence of the Af-
ghan court during the winter.
PeshawuT, city, Afghanistan, and cap. of the
above district, is upwards of 5 miles in circumfer-
ence, and contains about 100,000 inhabitants. It
was at Peshawur that the honourable Mount Stu-
art Elphinston had his audience of Shah Sujaa, the
Afghan king, in the year 1809. Lon. 70° 37' E.
Lat. 33° 32' N. Pop. 100,000.
Peshua. See Mahratta Territory and Poonah.
Pesme, t. France, in Upper Saone, 22 m. W.
Besancon. Pop. 1,700.
Pessac, t. France, in Gironde, 3 m. S. W. Bour-
deaux. Pop. 1,400.
Pest, or Pesth, a palatinate of Hungary, on the
Danube. Area, 4,050 square miles. Pop. 362,000.
Pest, or Pesth, a large city, Hungary, on the E.
bank of the Danube, opposite Buda, from which it
is separated by a bridge of boats, three quarters of
a mile in length. It is the seat of the high courts
of justice, and the place of meeting for the diet
of Hungary. The university is richly endowed.
I'herc are 40 professors, and between 700 and 800
students. Tl>e manufactures are various, com-
prising silk, cotton, leather, jewellery, and music-
al instruments ; also tobacco, which is here a gov-
ernment monopoly. 130 m. E. S. E. Vienna. Pop.
42,000.
Petalnais, t. India, in Tinnevellv. Lon. 78° 15?
E. Lat. 9" 13' N.
Petapsco, See Palapsco.
Petittlan, Punta dc, cape on the W. coast of
Mexico. Lat. 17" 38' N.
Petchelee, province, China, in which is Peking,
the capital. It is on the Tartar frontier. Pop. ac-
cording to Sir Geoi^e Staunton, 38,000,000.
Petchelee, Gulf of. See Yellow Sea.
Petelinga, Punta, cape on the coast of Brazil.
Lon. 35° W. Lat. 5° 8' S.
Peterborough, city, Eng, in Northampton co. oa
the Nen. Of the public buildings, the cathedral
is by far the most remarkable. It is a noble struc-
ture, extending 470 feet in length, and about 200
in breadth. The chief trade of Peterborough con-
sists in coals, corn, malt, and timber. The stocking
manufacture also is carried on here to a considera-
ble extent. It sends two members to parliament.
Pop. 3,674 for the city, and 7,029 for the liberty of
Peterborough. 78 m. N. London. Lon. 0" 15' W.
Lat. 52" 35' N.
Peterborough, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. wa-
tered by the Contoocook. 29 m. S. W. Concord.
Pop. 1,537. It is one of the most considerable man-
ufacturing towns in the State, and contains, be-
sides other smaller manufactories, 5 cotton facto-
ries, a woollen factory, several grain mills, au oil
mill, and a fulling mill.
Pelerborough, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida
creek, 29 m. S. W. Utica, 122 W. Albany. Here
are a printing office, an arsenal, and extensive
cotton, woollen, and glass factories.
Peterhead, s-p. Scotland, Aberdeen co. on a pe-
ninsula and small island called Keith Inch, pro-
jecting into the German ocean, and forming the
most eastly point of land in Scotland. It has two
harbours, divided from each other by a causeway.
They are resorted to by wind-bound vessels froni
all parts of Europe. Thr ?hinping belonging tc^
576
PET
this port amounts to about 13,000 tons. 132 m,
N. Edinburgh. Lon. 1" 22' W. Lat. 57° 30' N.
Pop. in 1811,3,554.
Perterlingen. See Payerne.
Petersburg, St. a government in the N. W. of
Eu. Russia, at the E. extremity of the gulf of Fin-
land. Area, 18,000 sq. miles. Pop. 700,000. The
surface is in general level. The cold climate is un-
favourable to the culture of corn. Timber forms
the chief source of wealth, deals and masts being
the great articles of export.
Petersburg, St. the capital of the Russian em-
pire, is at the E. extremity of the gulf of Finland,
at the mouth of the river Neva. It is entirely a
modern city, having been commenced by Peter
the Great, in the beginning of the last century,
and has since been progressively extended and
embellished, particularly by the empress Catha-
rine H. vi'ho first made it the permanent abode of
the court. The form of Petersburg is nearly cir-
cular ; its diameter about four miles. The Neva,
flowing from east to west, divides it into two parts,
of which the larger and more populous is on the
south side of the river. On the land side, St. Pe-
tersburg is almost entirely open ; but the approach
by sea is guarded by the fort of Cronstadt, and in
the middle of the city is.a citadel. The site of this
capital is level, and low, and was formerly liable
to inundations.
The Neva, soon after entering St. Petersburg,
sends off a branch, and from the middle of the city
another branch, both to the northward. These
fall soon after into the sea, and form the insulated
tracts on which the northern part of the city is
built. The main stream flows through the middle
of the city, and has along its south side a quay three
miles in length, and embanked in all its extent
with a wall, parapet, and pavement of granite.
The southern part of the town is divided by canals.
No city in Europe can stand a comparison with
St. Petersburg in the width and regularity of its
streets. The squares are less numerous and spa-
cious than might have been expected in a city of
such recent erection. The streets are for the
most part paved with stone. The houses, origin-
ally of wood, are now of brick. One of the chief
difficulties in this city is to make a cellar, as in all
situations water is found at the depths of five or
six feet. Among the most conspicuous public
buildings, is the winter palace of the czar, a build-
ing of great extent, being 450 feet long, 350 broad,
and 70 in height. The number of booksellers'
shops in Petersburg is between 30 and 40; of
printing-houses about half as many. The publi-
cations are generally translations from the French,
English, or German. Tlic Petersburg university-
was established in 1819. There are inferior in-
stitutions in considerable number, such as schools
for medicine, surgery, navigation, mining; also
several military colleges and charity schools. Here
are also several academies, one of sciences, an-
other of the fine arts, and a third for promoting
a knowledge of the Russian history and language.
But most of the members of these associations are
foreigners, particularly Germans. Petersburg
contains several scientific collections, in particular
those of natural history and the arts. The manu-
facturing estaV)lishments are very various. Among
those undertaken by the government, are the
grand tapestry work, a large manufactory of aqua-
fortis, a mint, and assay oifice in the citadel, a
bronze work, a foundry of metal, a foundrv of can-
PET
non, and powder-mills. Of those belonging to m-
dividuals, are the manufactures of silk, cotton,
woollen, paper and cards, wax-cloth, snuff, tobac-
co, leather, watches, glass, printing types. Tho
commercial intercourse of St. Petersburg is im-
portant, from its extensive communication with
the interior, and its being the only great maritime
outlet in the gulf of Finland. The canal of Visch-
nei-Volotschok unites the Neva with the Wolga,
thus opening a slow but complete communication
between the Baltic and the Caspian, a distance ol
1,400 miles. The foreign trade of St. Petersburg
is almost wholly in the hands of foreigners. Thc^
principal exports are hemp and flax, leather ami
tallow, iron from the mines, and the skins of hare?
and foxes from the forests. To these are added
canvas, and other coarse linen. The value of the
annual imports into St. Petersburg is between
five and six millions sterling ; and that of the ex-
ports between four and five millions. The num-
ber of ships that enter the Neva annually varies
from 1,000 to 1,700, of which about half are Brit-
ish. 435 m. E. by N. Stockholm, 1,400 E. N. E.
London. Lon. 30° 18' 45" E. I>at. 59" 56' 23' N.
Pop. in 1817, according to census, 285,000; ol
whom 55,000 were in the land and sea service,,
and 25,000 were foreigners.
Petersburg, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 25 m. N. E
Albany. Pop. 2,039.
Petersburg, p-t. Adams co. Pa.
Petersburg, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the \V
side of the Susquehannah, 15 m. above Harris
burg.
Petersburg, borough and port of entry, Dinwid-
die CO. Virginia, on the S. E. bank of Appomattox
river, just below the falls, 12 miles from its mouth,
at the head of sloop navigation, 25 m. S. Richmond.
It carries on a large commerce in tobacco and flour,
and is the emporium of trade for a considerable dis-
trict in North Carolina, as well as for the southern
part of Virginia. The falls of the river at this
place afford fine situations for mills ; and there is
a canal around them, which opens the navig-ation
for 80 miles above the town. The amount of ship-
ping in this district, in 1815, was 5,912 tons. Pe-
tersburg contains a court-house, jail. Free iMa-
sons' hall, several tobacco warehouses and flour
mills, 2 banks, an insurance oftice, and 5 houses of
public worship, 2 for Baptists, and 1 each for Pres-
byterians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. The
borough comprehends, besides the town of Peters-
burg, the village of Blandford , in Prince George's
CO. and Powhatan, in Chesterfield co. Pop. in 1810,
5,668; in 1820, 6,328, of whom 3,1 17 were whites,
1,113 free blacks, and 2,098 slaves. Lon. 77'' 31'
W. Lat. 37M5'N.
Petersburg, p-t. Elbert co, Geo. on the Savan-
nah, at the junction of Broad river, 53 m. above
Augusta. Pop. 332.
Petersburg, t. Woodford co. Kentucky, on the
river Kentucky, 15 m. S. E. Frankfort.
Petersbjirg, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 14 m. E. N.
E. New Lisbon.
Petersfield, t. Eng. in Hants, 18 m. N. E. Ports-
mouth, 54 S. W. London. Lon. 0" 54' W. Lat.
50" 59' N. Pop. 1,200.
Petershagen, t. Prussian states, on the Weser, 6
m. N, Minden. Pop. 1,200.
Petersham, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, on
the S. side of Richmond hill, 10 m. W. S. W. Lon-
don. Pop. 406.
Pefemham, p-t. Worcerter co. Mass. 29 m. N.W.
PET
P F A
577
Worcester, 67 m. W. by N. Boston. Pop. 1,400.
Swift river, a branch of the Cliicknpee, runs
through the town. Petersham contains a variety
of manufactures. The town is handsomely built,
on elevated ground, commanding an exten^sive
prospect.
Peferslhall, v. Baden, 24 m. E. S. E. Slrasburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Peterslown, p-v. Monroe co. Va.
Pelersville, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
Peterswald, v. Bohemia, 20 m. S. by E. Dresden.
Pop. 1,500.
Peiamwaldau, t. Prussian states, 9 m. S. Schweid-
nitz. Pop. 3,000.
Peterwardein, or Peter-Vara, strong t. Austri-
an states, on the Danube. Pop. 3,700.
Petenvardein, in Hungary. See Nensatz.
Petherfon, Korlh, v. Eng. in Somerset, 8 m. N.
E.Taunton. Pop. 2,615.
Pelherton, South, t. Eng. in Somerset, 12 m. S.
E. North Petherton. Po)). 1,867.
Petkor, in Sac. Geog. place in Mesopotamia, on
the Euphrates, the dwelling place of Balaam.
Pelin, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 99°
27' E. hat. 2" 20' ,S.
Petit Goaves, t. on the N. coast of St Domingo,
on the bay of Leogane, 7 m. W. Grand Goave, 36
W. by S. Port-au-Prince. Lon. 72" 54' VV. Lat.
18''23'N.
Petit Port, on the W. side of Newfoundland isl-
and, 5i leagues N. Cape Ray. Lon. 59" 15' W.
Lat 47" 52' 30" N.
Petit Riviere, t. St. Domingo, 10 Leagues E. by
N. St. Marc. Lon. 72" 15' VV. Lat. 19" 8' N.
Petite JVation, seigniory York co. Lower Cana-
da, on the Ottawa.
Petite Pierre, t France, in Lower Rhine, 26 m.
N. W. Strasburg. Pop. 1,000.
Petite Riviere, r. Lower Canada, which runs
3. W. 15 leagues, and falls into the Ottawa.
Petkum, V. Hanover, in P!ast Friesland, on the
Ems, 3 ra. S. E. Embden.
Petlad, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73° E. Lat.
22° 27' N.
Petiahwad, t Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 74° 50'
E. Lat 23" 22' N.
Petoka, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash
from the N. E. 20 m. below Vincennes, after a
oourse of about 70 miles,
Petras. See Pelion, Mount.
Pelrei Bay, bay on the S. shore of New Hol-
land. Lon. 133° 15i' E. Lat 32" 33i' S.
Pelrdla, t Naples, in the Principato Citra, 11
in. E. Molise. Pop. 3,000.
Pctrie's Island, small isl. off the N. W. coast 6f
America. Lon. 229" 20' E. Lat. 54° 42' NT.
Pdrikau, t. Poland, 76 m. S.W. Warsaw. Pop.
i,700.
Peirikov, t Russian Lithuania, in Minsk, 130 m.
15. E. Novogrodek.
Petrinia, t. Austrian states, 35 m. E. Carlstadt.
Pop. 2,900.
Petronell^ t. Austrian states, 12 m. W. by S.
Presburgh. Pop. 2,000.
Petropaulouskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, 1 6
SB. S. S. W. Selenginsk.
Petropaulouskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Qufa, 52
la. E. N. E. Verchouralsk.
Petropaulouskoi, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the
jschim, 40 m. E. Ischim.
Petrorca, t. Chili, in Quillota, on the Longoto-
ina. Lat 31° 30' S.
Petrosavodsk, t. En. Russia, rap. of Olonetz, sit-
73
uatca on the W. bank of Lake Onega, 65 m. N. E.
Olonetz. Lon. 34" 23' 45" E. Lat 61" 47' 4" N.
Pop. 3,000.
Ptlrovsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, 52 m. S. Ja-
roslav. Lon. 40" 14' E. Lat. 56° 45' N. Pop,
1,000.
Petrovsk, t Eu. Russia, in Saratov, 40 m. N.W.
Saratov. Lon. 44" 54' E. Lat. 52" 40' N.
Petschanoi,. cape on the N. coast of A. Russia,
in the Frozen sea. Lon. 165° 14' E. Lat 75" 25' N.
Pelschau, t, Bohemia, 63 m. W. Prague, 113.
Carlsbad. Pop. 1,400.
Petschora, r. Eu. Russia, which rises in the Ott-
ral mountains, and falls into the Arctic ocean,
near Pustoserskoe, after a course of above 600
miles.
Petlapore, or Pettipore, t Hind, in the Circars,
Lon. 82-25' E. Lati7"5'N.
Pitlau, t Austrian states, on the Drave, 17 m.
E. S. E. Marburg. Lon. 15" 59' 26" E. Lat 46°
36'21"N. Pop. 1,200.
Pel fern, v. North Holland, on the German ocean>
10 ni. N. .•Vlkraaar.
Petllcottu, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79° 22' E.
Lat. 10" 21' N.
Peftini, small isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon*
24"37'E. Lat 44" 49' N.
Pettmes, or Potlmes, t. Bavaria, 10 m. S. by VV.
Neuburg on the Danube. Pop. 1,0C»0.
Pdforano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the
Pescara, 5 m. S. Sulmona.
Pelti/ Harbour, bay on the E. coast of Newfound-
land. Lon. 52" 20' W. Lat 47° 30' N.
Petu-orth, t. Eng. in Sussex, on a branch of tlie
Arun, 12 m. N. E. Chichester, 49 S. W; London,
Lon. 0° 36' W. Lat. 50° 59' N. Pop. 3,007.
Peua, cape on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 38° 36C
W. Lat 3° 36' S.
Pevensey, v. Eng. in Sussex, on a small river
which falls into Pevensey bay, 14 m. S. W. Hast-
ings. Pop. 2,459.
Peyaujig, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 15' E.
Lat. 27" 40' N.
Pei/erson''s Point, cape on the N. coast of Anti-
gua. Lon. 61" 32' VV. Lat. 17° 18' N.
Peyrat, t. FVance, in Upper Vienne, 25 m. E.
Limoges. Pop. 1,600.
Peyrehourade, t France, in Landes, at the con-
fluence of the Adour and the Gave de Pau, 13 ixu
S. Dax, 20 E. by N. Bayonne. Pop. 2,000.
Peyriac, t. France, in Aude, 15 m. £. by N. Car-
cassonne. Pop. 1,100.
Peyrolles, t. France, in Mouths-crf-tlie-Rhone,
on the right bank of the Durance, 12 m. N. Aix.
Pop. 1,800.
PeyrJisse, t. France, in Aveyron, 25 m. W. by
N. Rodez. Pop. 900.
Peytahn, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 82° 15' E.
Lat. 29° 4' N.
Peytonsburg, v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Peza, r. Eu. Russia, which flows from the Lake
Varzeskoi, and runs into the river Mezen, 12 m,
S. E. Ozokolskoi.
Pezenas. See Pesenas.
Pezo do Regoa, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montes,
on the Douro, 7 m. N. W. Lamego. Pop. 1,100,
Pfafers. See Pfeffers.
Pfaffendorf, v. Prussian states, 1 m.. N. Liegnitz.
Here the Prupsians, commanded by Frederick If.
obtained, in 1760, a signal victory over thie Austri-
an?, commanded by Laudohn.
PfaffenJiausen, t. Bavarisu 5 m. N. N. W. MJiJa
delheira. Pop. 3,000-
578
P H I
P H I
Pfaffcnlwfen, t. VVirtemburg, 18 m. N. Stut^
gai-d. Pop. 900.
Pfaffenhofen, v. Bavaria, 8 m. E. by S. Ulm.
Pop. 1,200.— There is another on Uie 11m, 24 m.
N. by W, Munich. Pop. 1,500.
Pfaffenhofen, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the
Inn, 14 m. W. Inspruck. Pop. 2,400.
Pfaffenhofen^ t. France, in LoAver Rhine, 9 m.
W. Hagenau. Pop. 1,200.
Pfalsel, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, at the confluence of the Saar and Moselle,
3 m. N. E. Treves. Pop. 900.
Pfedelbach, L Wirtemberg, 4 m. S. Oehringen.
Pop. 1,000.
Pfedenheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
24 m. N. W. Spire, 23 S. Mentz. Pop. 1,700.
Pfeffenheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m.
S.Colmar. Pop. 1,700.
Pfeffers, or Pfafers, v. Switz. in St. Gall, 4 m.
S. Sargans.
Pfefficon, t. Swiss canton of Zurich, 11 m. E.
Zurich. Pop. 2,700.
PJinz, small r. Baden, which falls into the
Rhine, a mile above Germersheim.
Pforlen, v. Prussia, 1 1 m. S. Guben, 67 N. N. E.
Dresden. Pop. 800.
Pfortzheim, t. Baden, at the junction of the
Wurni and Nagold, 17 m. E. S. E, Carlsruhe, 22
W. N. W. Stutgard. Lon. 8" 38' 15" E. Lat 48°
Si^lS'N. Pop. 5,400.
Pfreimd, t. Bavaria, on the river Nab, 1 1 m. E.
Amberg. Pop. 1,100.
Pfvllendorf, t. Baden, 19 m. N. by E. Constance.
Pop. 1,500.
Pfullingen, t. Wirtemberg, 9 m. E. by S. Tu-
hingen. Pop. 3,200.
Pfunds, V. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the Inn,
44 m. W. S. W. Inspruck.
Pfungsiadt, v. Germany, 5 m. S. S. E. Darm-
stadt. Pop. 2,100.
Pfijn, t. Switz. in Thurgau, 7 m. W. Con-
stance.
Phalasia, Cape, cape on the E. coast of the isl-
and of Negropont. Lon. 23" 48' E. Lat. 38°
51' N.
Phalsbourg, t. France, in Meurtlie, 30 m. N.W.
Strasburg. Pop. 2,900.
Pharsalia, or Pharsa, (&n.Pharsahis,) t. G reece,
in Thessaly. It lies adjacent to the plain so well
jknown for the decisive victory gained by Cajsar
over Pompey. 18 m. S. E. Larissa, 23 N. by W.
Zeitun. Pop. 5,00a
Pharsalia, p-t. Chenanjo co. N. Y. X. W. of
Norwich. Pop. 480.
Pheasants Isle, small isl. in the Bidassoa, the
river which separates France and Spain.
Phelps, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. E. Canan-
daigua. Pop. 3,4S0.
Phenice, or Phenicia, in Sac. Gcog. a province
of Syria, adjoining Palestine, and lying on the
Mediterranean. It was divided into two parts :
Maritime Phenicia, contained the cities of Accho,
Tyre, Sidon, Berytes, and Tripoli; the other part
of Phenicia was between Libanus and Antiliba-
nus, and contained the cities of Heliopolis andDa-
mascus.
Phervinterskoi, cape, Eu. Russia, on the E.
coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 77° 14' E. Lat. 77°
.30'N.
Philadelphia, in Sac. Geog. city of Lydia, in
Asia Minor, on the river Cayster, at the foot of
mount Tmolus.
Philadelphia, t. Rutland co. Vt. 36 m. N.W
Windsor. Pop. 205.
Philadelphia, co. Pa. bounded N. by Bucks co.
E. and S. E. by Delaware river, S. W. by Delaware
CO. and W> by Montgomery co. Pop. in 1820,
136,273.
Philadelphia, the largest town in Pennsylvania,
is on the VV. bank of Delaware river, which h
here seven-eighths of a mile wide, 126 miles from
the Atlantic ocean by the course of the bay and
river, and about 55 or 60, in a S. E. direction,
over land ; 300 S. W. Boston ; 90 S.W. New York^
100 N. E. Baltimore, 138 N. E. Washington. The
form of the ground plot of the proper city is an ob-
long, about one mile from N. to S. and two from
E. to W. lying in the narrowest part of the isthmus,
between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about
5 miles in a right line above their confluence.
The buildings now extend beyond these limit?,
and occupy a space exceeding 3 miles in length
from N. to S. and on High or Market street extend
from the Delaware to the Schuylkill. All the
houses built beyond the boundary line of the ob-
long city are said to be in the "liberties," as the
jurisdiction of the corporation does not extend to
that part of the town. Some of the streets in the
liberties are irregular, but the city is regularly
laid out in streets which cross each other at right
angles. Of these, there were originally 9 which
extended from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and
which were crossed by 23, running N. and S. The
number of squares in the original plan was 184;
but as several of tliem have been intersected by
new streets, their number now amounts to 304;
several of which are again intersected by lane;
and alleys. Broad street is 113 feet wide; High
street, 100; Mulberry street, 60; and the other
streets, in the original plan, 50 feet wide. The
streets are well paved with stones in the middle,
and have neat foot paths of brick ; and being fur-
nished with common sewers and gutters, are, in
general, kept very clean. Lamps, disposed at con-
venient distances, give light to all parts of the town
in the night. The houses are generally construct-
ed of brick, three stories high, pledn and neat,
without much ornament.
Philadelphia contained, in 1817, 57 places of
public worship, viz. 9 for General Assembly Pres-
byterians, 2 for Associate Reformed Presbyteri-
ans, 1 for Associate Presbyterians, 1 for Reformed
Presbyterians, 6 for Episcopalians, 6 for Quakers
or Friends, 5 for Baptists, 4 for Roman Catholics,
1 for Swedes, 2 for German Lutherans, 1 for Eng-
lish Lutherans, 1 for German Presbyterians, 2 for
Dutch Reformed Presbyterians, 1 1 for Methodists,
1 for Moravians, 1 for Unjversalists, 1 for Unitari-
ans, 1 for Jews, and 1 for Swedenborgians. The
other public buildings are the late state-house and
office?, 2 city court-houses, a county court-house,
an university, the Philosophical Society's hall, a
public library, an hospital, 3 dispensaries, an alms-
house, a jail, 10 incorporated banks, 2 dramatic
theatres, a medical theatre, the Washington hall,
a laboratory, an amphitheatre, four brick market-
houses, 3,000 feet long, a fish-market, a house of
correction, and 3 powder magazines. Steam-
engine houses have been erected, for supplying
the city with wholesome water from the Schuyl-
kill. The state-house was erected about the year
1753, and its architecture is admired. It now con-
tains Peal's museum, the largest collection of nat
ural curiosities in America. Adjoining it is an in-
closed square, ornamented with several rows of
P H I
iiees, so as to form a pleasant promenade. The
new bank of Pennsylvania, erected under the su-
perintendance of Mr. Latrobe, is a large and re-
markably elegant edifice of marble, of the Ionic
order, constructed after the model of the ancient
temple of Minerva, in Greece. The roof of the
first Presbyterian church is supported in front by
six pillars of the Corinthian order, and the build-
ing docs honour to the city.
The literary and benevolent institutions are
very numerous and respectable. The Philadel-
phia library originated with Dr. Franklin, and
was incorporated in 1742. The building belong-
ing to the library company is an elegant structure ;
aud in front of the edifice is a statue of Dr. Frank-
lin, of white marble, executed in Italy. The li-
brary contained, in 1817, more than 12,000 vol-
umes, and there are, besides, a museum and a
valuable philosophical apparatus. The library is
open to the public every day in the week, except
Sunday. The subscribers amount to nearly 1,000,
and each subscriber pays two dollars annually.
The Philadelphia Athenaeum was incorporated in
1815, and has a library of more than 2,000 vol-
umes. The academy of natural sciences, in-
corporated in 1817, has valuable collections in
the several departments of natural history, and
a library of about 2,000 volumes. The Amer-
ifcan Philosophical Society, formed in 1769, has
a library of 4,000 volumes. The Pennsylvania
Hospital, established in 1751, is the most res-
pectable institution of the kind in the United
States. It has a valuable anatomical museum, a
library of nearly 5,000 volumes, and usually about
200 patients, of whom nearly one half are luna-
tics. In 1816, a handsome building was erected
m ll>e neighbourhood of the hospital, to accom-
modate Mr. West's celebrated painting, repre-
senting Christ healing the sick. The profits re-
-sulting from the exhibition of the picture have
iifforded a handsome income to the hospital.
The University of Pennsylvania was formed out
of two institutions; one designated by the above
name, the »ther by that of the College, Academy
and Charitable Schools of Philadelphia. They
now constitute a very respectable seminary, incor-
porated in 1791, and embracing, at present, the
ibur departments of arts, medicine, natural sci-
ence, and law, in each of which lectures are given.
There are four professors in the department of
arts, 5 in that of natural science, 1 in the law de-
partment, and 7 in the medical department. The
medical department is one of the most flourishing
institutions of the kind in the world. It has about
500 students, from various parts of the U. States,
who expend annually at least 150,000 dollars in
the city.
Philadelphia is the first city in the United States
in the variety, extent, and excellence of its man-
ufactures. In 1810, the city and county contained
8 cotton manufactories, 23 carding machines, 102
hat manufactories, 20 nail manufactories, 10 gun
manufactories, 39 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 17
breweries, 7 paper mills, 27 siiufi" and tobacco
manufactories, 1 5 ropewalks, 24 brush manufacto-
ries, 3 glass v/orks, 14 marble yards, 7 umbrella
manufactories, 34 printing-offices, and numerous
ather manufacturing establishments. The porter
brewery rivals that of London. The whole value
of the manufactures for the city and county in
ISIO, was $16,103,869. In this city is the mint of
rhe United States, in which the national money is
•oined. Printing- i? carried on here more exten-
P H I
5-79
sively than in any other place in America. There
are 9 daily newspapers, 2 semi-weekly, and 4
weekly.
The commerce of Philadelphia is very exten-
sive. In amount of shipping, it is the fourth city
in the Union. The number of tons in 1816, waa
101,830. It imports foreign goods for the greatest
part of Pennsylvania, for Delaware, and half of
New Jersey ; and is contending with New York,
New Orleans, and Montreal, for the supply of the
western states. It is computed, that 10 waggons,
on an average, leave Philadelphia for Pittsburg,
every day, loaded with merchandize, and the an-
nual value of the goods thus transported has been
estimated at $18,000,000. The Delaware is nav-
igable as far as this city for a 74 gun ship, and for
sloops to Trenton, 35 miles further.
The environs of Philadelphia are pleasant and
well cultivated. Towards the north are Kensing-
ton, on the Delaware, well known for ship build-
ing ; Germantown, a long and populous village,
and Frankford, another village, both within 4 or 5
miles. The Country seats are numerous. To the
south is Darby, a small, pleasant town, above 7
miles distant ; and on the Schuylkill, a town called
Hamilton, near which is the botanical garden of
Messrs. Bartrams, In the west, on the same riv-
er, 18 acres of ground have been destined for a
public botanical garden. The bridge over the
Schuylkill, opposite to Market street, is a superb
structure. Pop. of the city and liberties, in 1790,
43,525; in 1810,92,247; in 1820, 108,116. Lon.
75M0'W. Lat.39° 37' N.
Philadelphia, p-t. Monroe co, Alabama,
Philates, or Filates, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania,
25 m. W. by S, Joannina. Pop. 2,000.
Philbert de Grand-Lieu, v. France, on the nor-
thern bank of the lake of Grand-Lieu, 15 m. S. by
W. Nantes. Pop. 2,000.
Philiaira, Philiatrea, or Filatra, t. Greece, in
the Morea, 2 m, from the sea, and 6 S. W. Arca-
dia.
Philip Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 m. S.
Norfolk island.
Philip Island, small isl. on the S. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 145° 25' E. Lai. 38" 33' S,
Philip IslaJids, 2 islands in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 140" 3' E. Lat. 8" 6' S.
Philip Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
143<^ 57' W. Lat. 16° 24' S.
Philip Port, an inlet on the S. coast of New
Holland, 30 miles long, and 36 broad. Lon. of
Point Nepean, the E. point of entrance, 144** 38'
E. Lat. 38" 18' S.
Philippe, Fort, fort of France, at the mouUi of
the small river Aa, below Gravelines.
Philhppeau, a bay of Labrador, in the gulf of
St. Lawrence, near the straits of Belleisle. Lon.
55° 40' W. Lat. 51" 20' N.
Philippeville, t. Netherlands, in Namur, 22 m.
S. by W. Namur, 30 S. E. Mons. Lon. 4° 32' 34'
E. Lat. 50° 11' 19" N. Pop. 1,200.
Philippi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, 8 m. from
the sea, and 80 E. by N. Salonica. The adjoining
plains are famous as the scene of a battle between
Cassius and Brutus on the one fiide, and Augustus
and Mark Anthony on the other.
Philippina, t. Mexico, in Guatimala. Lon. 91"
30' W. Lat 12" 50' N.
Philippine Bay, or Bahia de Corks, bay on the
S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83" 50' W. Lat. 22" N.
Phillippines, an archipelago in the Eastern seas,
consisting of a groat number of isiands of various
at P H O
sizes, on many of which the Spaniartis have estab-
lishments. They extend from 13° or 14" to W or
20° N. lat. The largest island is Luzon, or Luco-
bia ; to the south of which the principal islands are
Mindoro, Panay, Marindique, Negros, Masbate,
Zebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, and Magindanao.
The principal production is rice, which is the
chief food of the natives. The tobacco is excel-
lent, and is esteemed the best in Asia. The ex-
ports are birds' nests, cassia, gold dust, pepper,
rattans, sago, tortoise shell, wax, wild honey, am-
ber, marble, tar, brimstone, and many other arti-
cles of inferior note. These islands were first dis-
covered by Magellan in 1521. In 1570, a settle-
ment was effected at the mouth of the Manilla
river. The piratical cruizers from Magindanao
and Sooloo are constantly plundering the coast of
the Philippines, capturing vessels, burning towns,
and massacreing the inhabitants.
Philippines, JYew. See Pelew Islands.
Philippopoli, or Filibe, t. Eu. Turkey, in Mace-
don, on an island formed by the Marizza, 95 m.
W. N. W. Adrianople, 225 W. N. W. Constanti-
nople. Pop. 30,000.
Philipsburg, t. Germany, in Baden, near the
Rhine. It was once one of the strongest places in
Germany. 5 m. S. Spire, 14 N. Carlsruhe. Pop.
J, 100.
Philipsburghy t. Bedford co. Lower Canada, on
th« E. side of Missisque bay, about one mile from
the boundary line between Lower Canada and the
United States. It contains about 60 houses.
Philipstady t. Sweden, in Wermeland, 35 m. N.
E. Carlstadt.
Philipsthal, t. Germany, on the Werra, 38 m.
S. S. E. Cassel.
Philipsiown, t. Ireland, in King's co. 38 m. W.
Dublin.
Philistia, in Sac. Geog. See Palestine.
Phillips, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the W.
aide of the Kennebec, 40 ra. N. Norridgewock.
Phillips, r. N. Hampshire, which unites with
the Upper Amoonoosuc, in Piercy.
Phillips, t. Putnam co. N. Y. on the Hudson.
W. ofCarmel. Pop. 3,120.
Phillips, CO. Arkansaw Territory, in the N. E.
part, on the Mississippi and the St. Francis rivers.
Pop. in 1821, 1,196. The chief town is Helena,
situated on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the mouth
of the St. Francis.
Phillipsburg, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Phillipsburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Phillipsburg, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Dela-
ware, opposite Easton, 41 m. N. W. Trenton.
Phillipsburg, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio riv-
«r, opposite Wellsburg, Va. 7 m. S. Steubenville.
Phillipston, p-t. Worcester cO. Mass. 32 m. N.
W- Worcester. Pop. 830.
Phillipsloivn, t. Putnam co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, opposite West Point. Pop. 3,129.
Phillipsville, p-v. Feliciana co . Louisiana.
Philnkia, or Filoki, t. Eu. Turkey, on the E. side
of the gulf of Arta, 16 m. S. by E. Arta, 56 S. by
E- Joannina.
Phipps, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Ame-
rica, at the entrarire into Behring's bay. Lon.
140° W. Lat. 69° 36' N.
Phipsburg, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Ken-
aebec, 20 m. S. W. Wiscasset.
Phloka, V. Greece, in the Morea, 8 m. S. E.
Pyrgo.
Phoside, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. from Chao-
el-in-le-Frifch. Pop. 1.286.
PIC
Pkrijgiu, in Sac. Geog. a country of Asia Mi
nor, the capital of which was Troy. It was divided
into Phrygia Greater and Phrygia Less. Phrygia
Greater was situated to the E. between Bithynia,
Galatia, Lydia, and Mysia; Phrygia Less was sit-
uated to the W. lying on the Hellespont, at the
foot of Mount Ida.
Phijsgeah, v. Algiers, 15 m. from Constantina.
Piacenza, or Placentia, t. Italy, in Parma, in an
extensive plain, near the Po. Without being a
place of strength, it is surrounded by earthen
ramparts and defended by a castle. 32 ni. W. N.
W. Parma, 34 S. E. Milan. Lon. 9" 42' E. Lat.
45° 2' N. Pop. 20,000.
Piacenza, or the Piacentino, duchy of Italy, ia
the States of Parma, extending from the Appen-
nines to the Po. 36 miles long from N. to S. and
from 10 to 18 broad.
Piadena, t. Austrian Italy, 16 m. W. Mantua.
Pialapore, t. Bengal, in Dacca. Lon. 90° 8' E.
Lat. 23"^ 35' N>
Pialny, t. India, in Dindigul. Lon. 77° 37' E,
Lat. 10''28'N.
Plana de Greci, i. Sicily, 16 m. S. W. Palermo.
Pianella, i. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the
Pescara, 2 m. S. W. Chieti. Pop. 3,200.
Pianesza, t. Piedmont, 9 m. W. Turin. Pop.
2,000.
Piankatank, r. Va. which runs into the Ches£#
peake, opposite Guinn's island. It is navigable
8 miles for small craft.
Pianoza, small isl. belonging to Tuscany, be-
tween Elba and Corsica, anciently called Planau-
ta, and used by the Romans as a place of exile.
Lon. 10° 50' E. Lat. 42" 42' N.
Piasanskoi, Verschnti, v. Russia, in Tobolsk,
near the F'rozen sea, 460 m. N. Turuchansk.
Piasas, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis-
sippi.
Piasila, r. Mexico, Vt^hich enters the Pacific
ocean, in lat. 23i° N.
Piatra, t. Moldavia, on the Bistritza, 70 va.
S. W. Jassy.
Piave, r. Austrian Italy, which divides into
two branches, and runs into tiie Adriatic, N. E.
of Venice- It is navigable from Naventa, 86 miles.
Piave, t. Italy, in the duchy ol Modena, 30m. S.
by VV. Modena.
Piaw, Y. Mexico, which runs into the bay of
Honduras, in lon. 85" 50' W. lat. 15° 52' N.
Pittzida, r. A. Russia, which rises in Tomsk,
and after a course of 300 miles, runs into the Fro-
zen ocean, in lon. 87° 14' E. lat. 73" 30' N.
Piazza, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 37 m. W.
by S. Catania, 80 S. E. Palermo. Lon. 14° 22' E.
Lat. 37° 23' N. Pop. 13,500,
Pic de VEioile, Le, small isl. in the S. Pacific?
ocean, one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 168° 9' II
Lat. 14" 29' S.
Pic da Midi, Le, one of Uie highest mountains
on the French side of the Pyrenees, more than
9,500 feet above the level of the sea. It is 30 m.
S. Pau, 75 from Fontarabia.
Pica, r. Peru, which runs into Liie Pacific ocean,
forming a harbour at its mouth, in lat. 20° 12' S.
Picardy, formerly a province in the N. of
France, bounded by the English channel on the
W. and the Netherlands on the E. It now forms
the department of the Somme, and part of the de-
partments of the Oise, Aisne, and Pas de Calais.
Pichincha, a very lofty mountain and volcano
of Quito, in S. America, on the skirt of whioh
frtandj the capital. Lat 0° 1 1' S
P I E
P I K
581
Fick, r. Up. Canada, which runs into Lake Su-
perior, in Ion. 86°4'W.lat. 48° 28' N.
P ickauajj, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 9,260. Chief town, Circleville. Picka-
way plains, in this county, lie S. of Circleville.
They are 7 miles long and 3 broad, and are very
fertile. Here is a post-office.
Pickaway, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto,
7 m , below Circleville. Pop. 1,598.
P icke7isvilte, p-t. Pendleton co. S. C. on the Sa-
luda, 124 m. W. N. W. Columbia,
Pickering, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 26 m. N. E.
York, 223 N. by W. London. Lon. 0° 48* W. Lat.
54" 15' N. Pop. 715.
Pickering, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Lake On-
tario, E. of York.
Ptckersgil Cove, harbour in Christmas sound, 5
m. N. N. E. York Minster.
Pickersgil Harbour, port, New Zealand, on theS.
shore of Dusky bay. Lon. 166° 18' E. Lat. 4547' S.
Pickersgil). Island, small isl. near the S. coast of
the island of Georgia. Lon. 36° 42' W. Lat. 54° 47' S.
Pico,is\. near the W. coast of Africa,forming one
of the group called the Azores. It consists almost
entirely of one mountain rising to the height of
7,000 feet, while its sides are covered with vine-
yards. It yields annually about 5,000 pipes of wine.
P icOjOr Sierra de Pico,A mountain range of Spain,
''in Estremadura, which extends to the frontiers of
New ar.d Old Castile, and the province of Leon.
Picquet Berg, district in Africa, 90 m. N. Cape
Town.
Pictou, small isl. Nova Scotia, in the straits of
Norlhumberlancr, at the S. extremity of the gulf of
St. Lawrence, 8 m. S. St. John's island, 58 E. Bay
Verte. Lon. 62° 13' W. Lat. 45° 46' N,
Pictou, town. See Tinsmouth.
Picts'' JVall, a celebrated barrier in England,
raised by the Romans against the incursions of the
Picts and Scots, and of which sonic remains are
yet visible. It extended across the island, from
the Solway frith, by Carlisle and Newcastle, to
the mouth of the Tyne,
Pie di Litco, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
13 m. S. by E. Spoleto, 46 N. by E. Rome.
Piedmont, the principal province of the conti-
nental states of the king of Sardinia, forming
the N. W. portion of Italy, having France on the
\V. and Lombardy on the E. Extent, nearly
13,000 square miles. It is very fertile, the soil
consisting for the most part of a rich sandy loam,
which, with the aid of extensive irrigation, pro-
duces abundant crops. The plains yield wheat,
rye, barley, and maize ; and in the lower grounds
rice is cultivated to a great extent. The exports
consist of silk, partly raw and partly manufactur-
ed, wine, fruit, hides, wool and "butter. Pop.
1,750,000, who are all Catholics, with the excep-
tion of 20,000 Waldenscs.
Piedra, Punta, de, cape on the N. W. coast of
Yucatan. Lon. 91° 10' W. Lat. 21° 3' N.
Piedra Blanco, isl. off the coast of New Spain, at
the mouth of the Rio Grande de Santiago. Lon.
105"17' W.Lat.21°33'N.
Piedras, Punta de, cape on the S. coast of Cu-
ba. Lon. 84° W. Lat. 1 5° 50' N.
Pielis-Yerci, lake of Finland, 67 miles long, and
from 6 to 14 broad. It communicates with the
Lake Orovesi.
Pienzn, t. Tuscany, 45 m. S. Florence.
Pierce'' s Island, small isl. N. H. in Piscataqua
harbour. On this island is Fort Washington.
Pierced Islands. See Percee.
Piere^, t. Coos co. N. H. 90 m. N. Concord.
Pop. 211,
Piermont, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river. Pop. 877.
Pierpont, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 9 m. E. Jefferson.
Pierre, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 20 m. N»
Louhans, 21 N. E. Chalons. Pop. 1,500.
Pierre, Fonts, t. France, in Oise^ 9 m. S. E.
Compeigne. Pop. 1,300.
Pierre d''Oleron, t. France, on the island of Ole-
ron, 6 m. N. W. Oleron. Pop. 3,000.
Pierrefort, t. France, in Cantal, 8 m. E. Auril-
lac. Pop. 1,300.
Pierrelatte, t. France, in Drome, 14 m. S. by
W. Montelimart, 40 S. Valence. Pop. 2,800.
Pierreport, or Pierre pertiiis,cin artificial pass iu
Mount Jura, 8 m, N. VV. Bienne.
Pierreville, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on St. Francis river, 10 m. above its
mouth.
Pictola, V. Austrian Italy, the birth-place of
Virgil, 2 m. from Mantua.
Pietra, s-p. Genoa, 16 m. S. W. Savona. Pop.
1,700.
Pietra Mala, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 24 m. N. by
W. Florence.
Pietra JVera, small place of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, on the sea coast, 12 m. S. W. Nicotera, 22
N. by E. Reggio.
Pietra Santa, t. Tuscany, 6 m. S. E. Massa, 24
N. by W. Leghorn.
Piece di Sacco, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. E»
Padua. Pop. 5,100.
Picux, t. France, in La Manche, 9 nx, S. W.
Cherburg, 12 W. Valognes. Pop. 1,300.
Pigeon Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas,
near the coast of Canara. Lon. 74°'»6' E. Lat. 14°
2' n;
Pigeon River, r. Tennessee, which runs into
French Broad river, 34 m. above its mouth,
and 6 above the mouth of the Nolachucky. The
mouth of Little Pigeon river is 9 m. below.
Pigna, t. Piedmont, 9 m. N. E. Vintimiglia, 20
N. E. Nice. Pop. 2,300.
Pignan, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. W. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 1,500.
Pigtians, t. France, in Yar, 12 m. S. E. Brig-
nolles, 23 N. E. Toulon. Pop. 2,300.
Pignerol. See Pinerolo.
Pigot, Point, the N. point at the entrance into
Passage canal, in Prince William's sound- Lon.-
212°16i'E. Lat. 60°47°N.
Pig point, p-v. Ann-Arundcl co. Md.
Pigwacket, mt. N. H. in Coos co. lying between
Bartlett an d Chatham.
Pike, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y.
Pike, t. Alleghany co. N. Y.
Pike, CO, Pa. separated from Wayne county.
Pike, CO. Alabama. Pop. 2,618, including 54%
slaves.
Pike, CO. Mississippi, bordering on Louisiana,
Pop. in 1816, 2,618. Slaves, 540. Chief town,
Holmesville.
Pike, t. and cap. Bledsoe co. E. Tennessee, E.
S. E. Murfreesborough.
Pike, CO. Ohio, on i)oth sides of Scioto rircr. It
has Scioto county S. Ross E. and^'. and Highland
W- Pop. in 1815, 2,300. Chief town, Piketon.
Pike, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819, 525.
Pike, t. Perry co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Somerset.
Pike, t. Madison co. Ohio.
Pike, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 380.
Pike. CO. Indiana.
582
P I N
Pike, CO. Illinois, comprises the military bouii-
ty lands, lying between the Illinois and the Missis-
sippi. The seat of justice is at Colesville.
Pike, CO. Missouri.
Pikelnnd, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Schuylkill.
Pop. 1,001.
Pike Run, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1.693.
PikesvUle, p-v. Baltimore co. Md.
Piketon, p-t. and cap. Pike co. Ohio, on the Sci
oto, 19 m. below Chillicothe.
Pikeville, p-v. Rliea co. Ten.
Pilayay Paspai/a, or Cinti, a province of Bue-
nos Ayres, bounded N. by Tomina and Pomabam-
ba, E. by the Chiriguanos Indians, and W. and S.
by Porco and Chichas. Pop. 1'2,000.
Pilcomayo, r. S. America, in the viceroyalty of
Buenos Ayres, which rises in the Andes, near Po-
tosi, and running S. E. falls into the Paraguay by
two mouths below the city of Assumption, after a
course of about 900 miles.
Pilesgrove, t. Salem co. iV. J Pop. 1,756.
Pilgram^ t, Bohemia, 57 m. S. S. E; Prague, 23
L. Tabor. Pop. 2,500.
Pilgrims, small isl. Lower Canada, in the St.
Lawrence, 103 m. below Quebec.
Pilibeel, t. and fortress, Hind, in Delhi, and dis-
trict of Bareily, on the E. bank of the Gowrah.
Lon. 79° 45' E. Lat. 28° 39' iN.
Pilica, r. Poland, -which falls into the Vistula a
few miles from Czersk.
Pilica, t. Poland, 28 m. N, by W. Cracow. Pop,
1,900.
Pilkallen, t. East Prussia, 17 m. N. E. Gumbin-
nen. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat. 54° 45' N.
Pilkington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4i m. S. S.
W. Bury. Pop. 7,353.
Pillar, Cape, on the S. E. coastof Van Diemen's
Land. Lon. 148" 8' E. Lat. 43" 12' S.
Pillar, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Terra del
Fuego, forming the S. W. point of entrance into
the Straits of Magellan from the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat. 52° 45' S.
Pillau, s-p. E. Prussia, at the extremity of a
narrow peninsula, between the Baltic and the
Frische Haff. The town is open, but adjoining to
it is a regular fortress, considered the key to this
part of Prussia on the sea side. The harbour,
which serves as the port of Konigsberg, is commo-
dious, but has only 12 feet water. 22 m. W. S.
W. Konigsberg. Lon. 19° 52' E. Lat. 54° 33' N.
Pop. 3,000.
Pillere, t. Hind, in Golcondah. Lon. 79° 5' E.
Lat. 13°32'N,
Pilnifz, v. Saxony, on the Elbe, 4 m, E. S. E,
Dresden.
Pilseyi, a circle in Bohemia, adjoining Bavaria.
Area, 1,600 sqtmre mile?. Pop. nearly 170,000.
Pilsen, the chief town of tlir^ above circle, is at
the junction of the Misa and the Radbusa, on the
great road from Nurcmburg to Prague, 44 m.
S. Prague. The chief manufactures are wool-
lens, cottons, and leather. It is fortified.Pop. 7,400.
Pilsno, t. Austrian Poland, 60 m. E. Cracow.
Pop. 1,600.
Pilten, t. Russia, in Courlaud, 20 m. N. W. Gol-
dingen, 80 W. by N. Riga.
Pihcara, t. Hind, iu Ajmeer. Lon. 74° 25' E.
Lat. 25° 19' N.
Piment, Port, v. St. Domingo, 8 leagues E. by
S. Tiburon.
Pinagra, t. India, in Baramahal. Lon. 78° 8'
E.Lat. 12° 6' N.
P I N
Ptnang, Pulo. See Prince of Wales Inland,
Pinar, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of Majoi-
ca. Lon. 3° 13' E. Lat. 39" 53' N.
Pinas, Point, point on the coastof New Califor-
nia. Lon. 23;r 22' E. Lat. 36° 38' N.
Pinckney, t. Lewis co. N. Y. Pop. 439.
Pinckneyvilk, p-t. and cap. Union district, S. C.
on Broad river, 75 m. N. N. W, Columbia.
Pinckneyvilk, p-v. Wilkinson co. Mississippi,
about 5 m. E. of the Mississippi.
Pinczchcly, t, Hungary, 35 m. S. Stuhl-Weis-
semberg.
Pincsoiv, t. Poland, on tlie Nidda, 41 m. N. E.
Cracow. Pop. 1,800.
Pinda, s-p. Congo, in Africa. Lon. 13° 28' S.
Pindus, now Called Mez::ovo, chain of mountains
in the N. of Greece, extending from E. to W. and
separating Thessaly from Albania. Part of this
chain is of the height of 6,000 or 7,000 feet.
Pine, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 588,
Pine, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 397.
Pine bush, p-v. Ulster co. N.-^Y.
Pine, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Newfound-
land. Lon. 52° 20' W. Lat. 46° 42' N.
Pine Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the W. branch
of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. liy coming '"^jk.
Pine fiat, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Pine Grove, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,290.
Pine Grove Mills, p-v. Centre co. Pa.
Pine Hill, p-v. York district, S. C.
Pitie River, r. N, H, which flows into Ossipee
lake.
Pine river, r, which rises in Missouri, and flow-
ing S. about 200 miles, falls into White river.
Pine River, r. Missouri Territory, which falls
into the Mississippi in lon. 95" 30' W. lat. 46° N.
It is eighty yards wide at its mouth. It communi-
cates with the Lake Sane Sue, or Leech Lake.
Pinega, t. Eu. Russia, 78 m, E, by S. Archan-
gel.
Pinerolo, or Pignerol, t. Italy, in Piedmont, on
tlie Clusone, 22 m. S. S, W. Turin, Lon. 8° VJ'
E. Lat. 44° 37' N. Pop. 10,000.
Pines, Pines, or Pinas. See Pinos.
Pines, Island of, isl. in the Pacitic ocean.
Lon, 167° 38' E. Lat. 22" 38' S,
Pinevitle, p-v. Charleston district, S, C, 40 m .
from Charleston, Here is an academy.
Piney Luxembourg, t. France, in Aube, 12 m .
N.E, froyes. Pop."l,400.
Piney grove, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
PinJiel, t. Portugal, iu Beira, 7 m. N. E. Almei-
da, and 45 S. E. Lamego. Lon. 6° 44° W. Lat.
40" 33' N, It is a bishop's see. Pop. 1,600.
Pinkafeld, or Pinkafcy, t. Hungary, 10 m. W.
Stein-am- Anger, Pop. 1,700,
Pinnacle Island, isl. of the Pacific ocean. Lon.
186° 40' E, Lat. 60" 25' N. *
Pinnacle Point, point on the S. E. coast of Al-
ashka, Lon, 198" 5' E. Lat. 55° 10' N.
Pinne, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m, W. Posen-
Pop, 1,100.
Pinneberg, district of Denmark, in. the duchy of
Holstern, Area, 193 square miles. Pop. 40,000.
Its chief town, Pinneberg, is 8 m, N, W. Ham-
burgh.
Pinner, t. Eng. in Middlesex, 3 m. N, W, Har-
row on the Hill, Pop. 1,078,
Pinos, isl. of the Atlantic ocean, olTthe coast of
Darien, 115 m, E, S, E, Rio Velo. Lon. 77" 39'
W, Lat. 8° 57' N.
Pinos, isL near the S, coast of Cuba, from which
't. is separated by a channel 16 leagues long, and 6 ,
P I R
P I S
583
wkie. It is 42 miles long and 34 broad, Lon. 82"
45' W. Lat.iil''38'N.
Pinsk, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk. It is the
see of a bishop of the Greek church. 84 m. E.
Brzeze, 100 S. S. E. Grodno. Lon. 25" 33' E.
Lat. 50' 66' N.
Pinvekf, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 23 m. S.
by W. Nicopolis, 66 N. E. Sophia.
Piolone, or Plolcng, t. France, in Vauduse, 3
m. iV. W. Orange, 18 N. Avignon. Pop. 1,700.
Piomba, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, which
falls into the Adriatic, in lon. l^-" 9' E. lat. 42"
56' N.
Piontbino, principality of Italy, in Tuscany, be-
tween the provinces of Pisa and Sienna. Extent,
190 square miles. Pop. 18,000. Annual rev-
enue 8,000/.
Piombino, t. Italy, cap. of the preceding princi-
pality, is on a rocky promontory opposite the isl-
and of Elba. 40 m. S. by E. Leghorn, 60 S. W.
Florence. Lon. 10° 31' 2'' E. Lat. 42" 55' 27" N.
Fop. 4,000.
Piomat, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 26 m. N.
W. Riom, 30 N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,700.
Piontek, t. Poland, on the Bsura, 60 m. W. by
5. Warsaw. Pop. 1,000.
Pioria, lake, Illinois, an expansion of Illinois
river, 20 miles long and li broad, except at Little
Detroit, a strait ^ of a mile wide. At the foot of
the lake stands Fort Clark on the VV. bank.
Piossasco, t. Piedmont, 10 m. W. S. W. Turin.
Pop. 3,200.
Pipe creek, small r. Ohio, which falls into Lake
Erie in Sandusky bay.
Pipe creek, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Pipcrno, t. Italv, in the States of the Church, 9
m. N. N. W. Terracina, 38 S. S. W. Rome. '
Pipley, t. Hind, in Bengal, on the E. bank of
the Subanreeka river, about 10 miles from the
sea. Lon. 87" 25' E. Lat. 21" 42' N.
Pipleii, t. Hind, in Orissa, 30 in. S. Cuttack.
Piploud, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 76" 35' E.
Lat. 2r 44' N.
Pipriac, t. France, in Ille-and-Villaine, 14 m.
N. Redom, 28 S. W. Renncs. Pop. 1,600.
Piqiia, p-t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Mi-
ami, 130 m.from its mouth, 8 N, Troy, 69 W. Co-
lumbus.
Piquica, port of Peru, 85 m. S. W. Atacames,
Lat. 27" S.
Pira, r. New Grenada, which divides Santa
Martha from Rio del Hacha, and falls i«to the
Carribean sea, in lat. 11" 18' N.
Pirano, t. Austrian Illyria, on a narrow tongue
of laud which runs into the sea. 14 m. S. S. W.
Trieste. Lon. 13" 34' 34" E. Lat. 45° 29'' 22'' N.
Pop. 6,200.
Pirauschta. See Philippi.
Pirai/ii, parish of Paraguay, 26 m. S. E.Assump-
tion. Lon. 57" 15' W. Lat. 25" 29' S.
Piruyx, r. Peru, which enters the Guapay, 54
m. from Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Piremedi. See Argyro Castro.
Pirgo, or Pirgos, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on
the sek coast, 26 m. S. byE. Durazzo, 28-N. Av-
lona.
Pirhala, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 7r48'E.
Lat. 32° 25' N.
Piribebui, parish of Paraguay, 32 m. S. E.
Assumption. Lon. 57° 4' W. Lat. 25" 27' S.
Pirica, r. which rises in Guiana, and falls into
ihe Comewina. 20 tn. before ita junction with the
i^irinam
Piristina, or PrisHna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania. It is the seat of a Greek bishop. 1 18 m.
E. Ragusa, 64 N. N. W. Uscup. Pop. 10,000.
Piritu, province of New Grenada, bounded E.
by Venezuela. Its length of coast is 70 leagues.
Piritu, t. and cap. of a province in New Gren-
ada, 15 m. from Barcelona. Pop. 1,600.
Piritu, 2 small uninhabited islands off the coast
of Caraccas, between Cape Unare and Barcelona.
Lon. 65" 26' \V. Lat. 10° 10' N.
Piritz, t. Pomerania, 12 m. S. Stargard.
Pirjatin, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 78 m. E.
Kiev.
Pirmasenc, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
13 m. E. S. E, Deux Ponts, 35 W. Spire. Pop. ia
1820, 3,200.
Pima, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 9 m. S. E. Dres-
dAi. Pop. 3,800.
Pirnits, or Brtnitz, t. Austrinn states in Mora-
via, 43 m. W. Brunn, 5 S. S. E. Iglau. Pop.
2; 300.
Pirra, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 33 m. S. W.
Larissa, 40 S. E. Joannina.
Pirusai, r. Quito, which takes the name of Rio
Blanca, and joins the Guallabamba to form the
river Esm eraldas, in lat. 0° 27' N.
Pisa, city in the grand duchy of Tuscany, on
the Arno, in an extensive and richly cultivated
plain. 'Phe university of Pisa is one of the oldest
in Italy, and was long a distinguished nursery of
literature. It is still accounted the seat of Tuscan
education. It has 4 colleges with 40 professors.
The fortifications of Pisa consist of a wall and a
ditch, together with a castle and a modern citadel.
It is the see of an archbishop. It stands 8 miles
from the mouth of the river, 13 N. by E. Leghorn,
30 W. Florence. Lon. 10" 24' E. Lat. 43° 43' N.
Pop. 17,000.
Pisania, t. W. Africa, on the N. bank of the
Gambia, near its mouth. Lon. 13" 30' W. Lat.
13° 30' N.
Piscadore Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 192" 30' to 193° W. Lat. 11° to 11" 20' N.
Piscadorcs, or Fishers, 2 rocks on the coast ol
Peru. Lat. 16" 48' S.
Piscadores, rocks near the coast of Peru, 5 m.
N. N. VV. Callao. Lat. 12" 14' S.
Piscasick, r. N. H. wliich joins the Lamprey, in
Durham.
Piscataqua, r. N. H. which rises in the town of
Wakefield, and running S. S E. about 40 miles,
falls into the Atlantic below Portsmouth, formint:
during its whole course the boundary between
Maine and New-Hampshire. From its source to
the lower falls at Berwick, it is called Salmon fall
river ; thence to the junction of the Cochcco, a
western tributary, it assumes the name of Newich-
awannoc, and thence to the ocean it is called the
Piscataqua. The principal western branch is for-
med by Swamscot river which comes from Exeter ;
Winnicot river, which comes through Greenland
and Lamprey river, which divides Newmarket
from Durham, all of which meet in Great bay,
4 miles wide. The water, in its further progress,
is contracted into a less bay where it receives Oys-
ter river from the north, and at length falls into
the Piscataqua at Hilton's point. The tide rises
into all these bays and branches as far as the lower
falls in.each river, where convenient trading places
have been established which have communication
with Portsmouth by every tide. From Hilton's
point to the ocean, a distance of 7 miles, the river
h so ranid that it never freeze?.
584
P I T
P I T
Piscataquis, v. Maine, a large W, branch ot the
•Penobscot, which it joins 20 m. above Bangor.
Piscataquog, r. N. H. which runs E. S. E. and
joins the Merrimack, in Bethbrd.
Fiscaiaimy, t. Middlesex co. N. J. on the Rari-
tan, 3i m. N. E. New Brunswick, 74 S. W. Eliza-
bethtown. Pop. 2,475.
Piscatawaj/, p-t. Prince George co. Md. on tlie
Piscataway, 16 m. N. Port Tobacco, 18 S. Wash-
ington, 67 S. W. by S. Baltimore.
Piscataway, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac,
8 m. below Alexandria.
Piscinola, t. Naples, near the capital. Pop.
1,700.
Pisciotta, t Naples, in Principato Citra, 19 m.
W. Policastro. Pop. 2,700.
Pisco, s-p. Peru, with a good port. The road is
capacious enough to hold a royal navy. 118 m. S.
t^ima. Lon. 76" 9' W. Lat. 13° 46' S.
Piscopia, or Episcopi, t. Cyprus, supposed to be
on the site of the ancient Curias. Pop. 700.
Piscopi, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 16 m.
N. W. Rhodes. Lon. 27° 9' E. Lat. 36° 34' N. Pop.
700.
Piseck, t. Bohemia, 53 m. S. by W. Prague.
Pop. 3,900.
Pisgah, in Sac. Geog. a lofty summit of the
Abarim mountains, in the country of Moab, and
forming the S. boundary of the kingdom of Sihon.
Pisig, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon 125°
rE.Lat.2°20'N.
Pisino. See Mitterberg.
Pisogne, t. Austrian Italy, 19 m. N. by W.
Srescia. Pop. 2,000.
Pison, in Sac. Geog. r. which went out from
^den, and encompassed the land of Havilah.
Pisos, t. France, in Landes, 27 m. N. W. Tar-
tas. Pop. 1,600.
Pistoja, t. Italy in the grand 'duchy of Tuscany,
near the Ombrone. 14 m. N. N. W. Florence, 42
S. S. W. Bologna. Lon. 10° 58' E. Lat. 43° 57' N.
Pop. 10,000.
Pistokf, bay at the N. end of Newfoundland,
setting up from the straits of Belleisle, between
Cape Norman and Burnt cape, 3 leagues apart.
Pisucrga, r. Spain, which falls into the Duero
near Valladolid.
Pitcairji's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean,
without river or harbour, but with a fertile soil,
and fine climate. About 30 years ago it was set-
tled by the mutineers of the English ship Bounty,
who took with them several Otaheitan women,
and their descendants fonn a very interesting ^col-
ony. For a further account of this singular set-
tlement, see Quarterly Review, vol. 13. Lon.
133°21'W. Lat.25°2'S.
Piicaithly, or Pitkeathly, v. Scotland, in Perth-
shire, noted for its mineral waters.
Pitch landing, t. Hertford co. N. C, on Wicka-
pon creek, 25 m. N. W. Edenton. It exports an-
nually considerable quantities of tar, turpentine,
jtnd lumber.
Pileschi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wallachia, 50 m. N.
W. Bucharest.
Pilhea, s-p. Sweden, in West Bothnia, 115 m.N.
N. E; Umea. Lat. 65° 10' 30" N. Pop. 800.
Pilhea Lappmark, one of the divisions of Swe-
dish Lapland, extending along the river Pithea.
Pithiviers, t. France, in Loirct, 21 m. E. N. E.
Orleans, 23 N. W. Montargis.
Pithom, in Sac. Geog. a town of Egypt, called
^terwards by the Arabs Fayoum.
Pithyusx hk!:, a §;roup of islands- in the Medi-
terranean, of which the principal is Ivica. They
belong to Spain.
Pitigliano, t. Tuscany, 54 m. S. S. E. Sienna,
Pop. 2,000.
Pitlessie, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 4 m, W^. Cu-
par.
Piton Point, Great, the S. W. point of the isl-
and of St. Lucia, in the West Indies.
Pilschen, t. Prussian States, 50 m. E- Breslaw,
10 N. Creutzburg. Pop. 1,200.
Pitt, t. Allegany co. Pa. 4 or 5 m. from Pitts-
burg, Pop. 2,441.
Pitt, CO. N. C. Pop. 9,169, including 3,589
slaves. Greenville is the chief town.
Pitt, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of America,
in Dixon's Entrance. Lon. 132° 10' W. Lat. 54°
50' N.
Pitt, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New Geor-
gia. Lon. 158° 29' E. Lat. 8° 55' S.
Pill''s Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 193° 14' E. Lat. 11" 50' S.
Pitt's Straits, straits which separate the island?
of Salwatty and Battanta, at the W. extremity of
New Guinea, about 30 miles long, and 6 broad.
Pittari, Cape, cape of Italy, on the W, coast of
Calabria, in the straits of Messina. Lon. 15° 59' E.
Lat. 37° 59' N.
Pitten, or Putlen, t. Austria., 9 m. S.Ebenfurth-
Pop. 1,200.
Pittenweem, a royal burgh, and sea-port, Scot-
land, in Fife co. on the N. side of the frith of Forth,
24 m. N. E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2" 45' W. Lat. 56"
13' N.
Pitti, small isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon.
101° 29' E. Lat.2°N.
Pittshorough, p-t. and cap. Chatham co.N. C. It.
contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 40
or 50 houses. It has an elevated and healthy sit-
uation, and is much resorted to from the low coun-
try during the summer months. 36 m. S. W. Ra-
leigh, 54 N. N. W. Fayetteville.
Pittsburg, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada, on the
river St. Lawrence.
Pittsburg, city, and cap. Alleghany co. Pa. i;
advantageously situated in a plain, between thr
Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, at the poin*
where they unite to form the Ohio. By means oi
Alleghany rivers audits branches, Pittsburg has a
water communication with the western part of
New- York, and boats can approach within a few
miles of Lake Erie. By the Monongahela and a
good turnpike road, it is connected with Balti-
more, and by the Ohio it has an easy intercourse
with the western States. It is also connected witU
Philadelphia by an excellent turnpike road. These
advantages have made Pittsburg the centre of a
great commerce. At the s.ime time all the coun-
try around the city, including eight or nine coun-
ties, is one great bed of fossil coal, and the hills
and banks of the rivers within sight of the town,
are full of that mineral. Hence the city and its
suburbs are admirably situated for such manufac-
turing establishments as require the use of large
quantities of fuel. A great many such establish-
ments have accordingly been erected. Heje are
8 steam mills ; 5 glass-houses, in which every
kind of glass, from a porter bottle or window pane,
to the most elegant cut crystal glass is manufac-
tured, to the amount of 200,000 dollars annually ;
4 air furnaces ; 3 breweries ; numerous flour
mills, potteries, forges, blastfurnaces, rolling mills,
slitting mills, distilleries, and other mills and man-
ufactories, too numerous to b? particularized. The
P L A
585
umount of merchandize which passes through the
city in the course of a year, is estimated at
$20,000,000.
Pittsburg contains a court-house, jail, national
armory, 4 banks, 4 printing offices, and 8 houses
of public worship. The ground plan of the city is
nearly in the form of a triangle, at the confluenee
of the two rivers, and is now nearly filled with
houses. A suburb has been laid out on the Alle-
ghany, called the northern liberties, and another
on the Monongahela. There are 4 other villages,
which are virtually suburbs of Pittsburg : Alle-
ghany, upon a fine second bottom of Alleghany
river, opposite the city ; Lawrenceville, 2 miles
above, and upon the same side of the Alleghany
with the city ; Birmingham, on the left bank of
the Monongahela ; and a street running along the
left bank of Monongahela, opposite Pittsburg.
Two bridges connect the city with the opposite
banks of the Alleghany and Monongahela. Trav-
ellers are almost always disappointed on entering
this town ; and it is by no means a pleasant place
to a stranger. The constant "volumes of smoke
from the consumption of so much coal in the va-
rious manufactories, fill the air with a continual
cloud of coal dust. Pop. of the city and adjacent
villages estimated in 1815 at 12,000. 230 m. VV.
N. W. Baltimore, 297 W. by N. Philadelphia, and
about 2,000 by the course of the Ohio and Missis-
sippi above New Orleans, in 40° 31' 44" N. lat.
and 80° 8' W. Ion.
Piltsjield, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,050.
Pitlsfield, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 31 m. N. W.
Windsor. Pop. 338.
Pittsfield, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. pleasantly sit-
uated on the Housatonnuc, 6 m. N. Lenox, 38 E.
S. E. Albany, 40 W. Northampton, 137 W. Bos-
ton. It is a flourishing town, and contains a bank ;
3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregational-
Ms, and 1 for Methodists ; a printing office, from
which a weekly newspaper is issued ; an acade-
my, and several manufactories. Pop. 2,665.
Pittsfield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W.
Cooperstown. Pop. 745.
Pittsford, p-t. Rutland co. Vt, on Otter creek,
34 m. VV. Windsor. Pop. 1,936. Here is a valu-
able marble quarry.
Pittsford, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee
river.
Pittsgrove, p-t. Salem co. N. J. 30 m. S. Phila-
delphia. Pop. 1,991.
Pitlston, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the E.
side of the Kennebeck, 7 m. S. Augusta, 160 N. N.
E.Boston. Pop. 1,018.
Pittslon, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Pittston, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa.
Pitlstown, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 18 m. N. E.
Albany. Pop. 3,692.
Pittsylvania, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop.
17,172. Slaves, 6,312. Chief town, Danville.
At the court-house is a post-office.
Piura, cap. of a province of the same name in
Peru, 25 m. S. S. E. Payta, 208 N. N. W. Truxil-
lo, 480 N. N. W. Ijima, and 7 from the ocean. Lon.
80° 36' W. Lat. 5° 1 1' S. Pop. 7,000.
Piura, r. of the above province, which falls into
the gulf of Sechura, in lat. 5" 32' S.
Piusega, or Piubega, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m.
W. by N. of Mantua, 23 E. by N. Cremona.
Pizzighitone, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adda, at
its junction with the Serio, 11m. W. by N. Cre-
mona, 15 S. E. Lodi, 30 S. E. Milan.
74
Plabernek, t. France, in Finisterre, 7 m. N.
E. Brest. Pop. 3,300.
Platentia, in Italy. See Parma and Piacensa.
Placentia Bay, a spacious bay on the S. coast of
Newfoundland, which forms a good harbour, and
is greatly frequented by ships employed in the cod
fishery. Lon. 34" to 65° 10' W. Lat. 47° to 47°
50' N.
Placentia Lagoon, bay on the coast of Yucatan.
Lon. 89° 40' W. Lat. 18° 38' N.
Placer de Mraxes, isl. near the S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 80° 52' W. Lat. 21° 18' N.
Plain, t. Stark oo. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 655.
Plain, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 5 m. W. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819, 385.
Plain, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Colum-
bus. Pop. in 1819,215.
Plain du JVord, t. on the N. side of St. Domin-
go, 5 leagues W. by S. Cape Francois, 13 S. E. by
E. Port de Paix.
Piainfield, p-t. Washington co. Vt 8 m. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 543.
Plainjicld, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the Con-
necticut river, 42 m. N. W. Concord. Pop.
1,463. In 1813, an academy was established here*
called the Union academy, in which indigent
young men, designed for the office of clergymen,
are educated gratuitously in the studies prepara-
tory to a coliegial course. It has a principal and
an assistant, and alx)ut 100 students.
PMnJield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. W.
Northampton. Pop, 977.
Plainjidd, p-t Windham co. Ct. on the E. side
of the Quinebaug. Pop. 1,738. It contains a flour-
ishing academy.
Plainjield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. N. W.
Cooperstown. Pop. 2, 122.
Plainjield, p-t. Essex co. N. J.
Plainjield, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,439.
Plaisance, t. France, in Gers, on the Adour, 20
m. N. W. Mirande. Pop. 1,200.
Plaistow, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 22 m. S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 424.
Plan, t Bohemia, 73 m. W. Prague. Pop.
1,700.
Plan, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 34 m. 3.
W. Toulouse. Pop. 900.
Plancy, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. W. by N. Ar-
cis sur Aube. Pop. 900.
Planian, t. Bohemia, 8 m. W. Collin, 3 N. N.
E. Kaurzim.
Planies, small isl. of France, near the entrance
of the harbour of Marseilles. Lou. 5° 14' 7"E. Lat.
Lat 43° 11' 54" N.
Planitz, t. Bohemia, 8 m. E. Klattau. Pop.
900.
Plantaganet, t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on Ot-
tawa river.
Plantain Island, small isl. near the coast of W.
Africa. Lon. 12° 18' W. Lat 7°54'"N.
Plaquemines, parish, Louisiana, on botli sides
of the Mississippi, at its mouth. Pop. 1,549.
Plaquemines, fort, Louisiana, on the Mississip-
pi, 43 m. below New Orleans.
Plaquemines, r. Louisiana, an outlet of the Mis-
sissippi. It leaves the main stream 1 12 miles above
New-Orleans, and unites with the outlet Atchafa-
lava, 15 miles VV. of the Mississippi.
'Plasencia, t. Spain, in Estreraadura, 120 m. W.
by S. Madrid, 32 N. by W. TruxiUo. Pop. 4,800.
Piask. See Plonsk.
Plasscy, t Beng-al, in Nuddeah, on the E. baok
O&v
PL A
of Bag^rutty or Hoogly river. Lon. 88" 15' E.
Lat. ZSMS'N.
Plata, Cape, cape in the S. W. of Spain, at the
entrance into the straits of Gibraltar, in the At-
lantic. Lon. 5° 55' W. Lat. 36° 6' N.
Plata, Rio de la, r. S. America, formed by the
union of the Uraguay and Parana, near lat. 34°
S. It is a very broad river, being 150 miles from
Cape St. Maria, on one side of the entrance, to
Cape St, Anthony on the other. It continues of
this width as you ascend the stream, till you come
to Montevideo, when it suddenly diminishes to 80
miles, and at Buenos Ayres, which is 200 miles
from its mouth, it is about 30 miles broad. This
wide and noble expanse is, notwithstanding its
extent, deformed by rocks and sand-banks, and
rendered of dangerous navigation not only by its
shoals and shallows, but likewise by the impetu-
ous torrents of wind which sweep, at intervals,
over the vast plains of the Pampas, to the S. W.
of Buenos Ayres. See Paraguay, and Parana,
and Uraguay:
- Plata, la, or Chuquisaca, city, S. America, in
the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, and cap. of a
province of the same name, stands in a small plain,
in the neighbourhood of rich silver mines. It is
the see of an archbishop. Lon. 66° 46' W, Lat. 19°
30' S. Pop. 14,000.
Plata, La, or Sebastian del Oro, city. New Gra-
nada, 12 m. from the river Magdalena, 46 E. Po-
£iyan, 165 S. S. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 75° 46' W.
at. 2° 24' N.
Plata, small isl. in the gulf of Guayaquil, near
the coast of Peru. Lat. 1° 12' S.
Platata, ancient t. Greece, in Bceotia, 8 m. N.
Thebes.
Platamonay t. Thessaly, at its entrance into the
g^lf of Salonica, said to occupy the site of the an-
cient Heraclea. 22 m. N. E. Larissa. Pop.
2j000.
Platanal, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near
the coast of Darien. Lon. 80° 40' W. Lat. 9° 6^ N.
Plate, Port de, port on the N. coast of St. Domin-
go, 22 leagues W. Old Cape Francois.
Platte, La, r. Vt. which runs into Lake Cham-
plain at Shelburn.
Plalte, La, or Shoal River, r. N. America,
which rises in the Rocky mountains, and after an
easterly course of about 1,600 miles, falls into the
Missouri, 600 miles from the Mississippi. The
current is very rapid.
Plaite, Little, r. N. America, which falls into
the Missouri from the N. 349 miles from the Mis-
sissippi.
Plattekille, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
22 m. below Kingston. Pop. 1,936.
Platten, t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. N. E. Carlabad.
Pop. 1,350.
Plaltensee. ,See Balaton.
Platti, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 55° 20'
E. Lat. 5° 55' S.
Plattling, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 1 J m. N. E.
Landau in Bavaria. Pop. 900.
Platton, t. Jefferson co. Missouri.
Plattsburg, p-t. and cap. Clinton co. N. Y. on
the W. side of Lake Champlain, 63 m. S. of Mon-
treal, 112 N. Whitehall. Pop. 3,112. Lat. 44° 42'
N. The village is handsomely laid out at the
mouth of Saranac river, and contains a court-
house, jail, Presbyterian church, a printing of-
fice, and several mills and stores. This place is
rendered famous by the effectual resistance on
the 11th September, 1814, of 2.500 Americans
P L E
under General Macomb, to the British force of
14,000 men under Sir George Provost In the
bay before the town, at the same time, the Ameri-
can fleet under Commodore M'Donough, carry-
ing 86 guns and 820 men, captured the British
fleet under Commodore Downie, carrying 95 guns
and 1,050 men.
Plau, t. Germany, in Schwartzbui^-Sonder-
shausen, on the Gera, 15 m. S. by W. Erfurt. Pop.
1,000.
Plau, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
10 m. S. E. Goldberg Pop. 900.
Plane, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 27
m. W. Potsdam. Pop. 800.
Plauen, t. Saxony, with large muslin manufac-
tures and cotton printing worto. 75 m. W. S. W.
Dresden. Pop. 6,100.
Pleasant, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 13 m. S. W. Co-
lumbus. Pop. in 1819, 520.
Pleasant, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819.
575.
Pleasant, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, N. E. of Lan-
caster. Pop. 988.
Pleasant, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,246. Ilt^
contains Ripley, the seat of justice for the county.
Pleasant Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va.
Pleasant Grove, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Pleasant Level, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Pleasant River, r. Washington co. Maine, which
runs into the sea between Addison and Harring-
ton.
Pleasant Valley, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 7 m. S-
E. Poughkeepsie. Here is an extensive cotton
factory, 2 churches, 1 for Quakers and 1 for Pres-
byterians. It has considerable manufactures. Al-
so the name of a village in Essex co. N. Y.
Pleasant Valley, p-t. Fairfax co. Va.
Pleasinglon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. W. bv
S. Blackburn. Pop. 599.
Pleaux, t. France, in Cantal, 7 m. N. W. AtJ-
rillac. Pop. 2,600.
Pleidels/ieim, t. Wirtemberg, near Ludwigs^
burg. Fop. 1,250.
Plein River. See Desplanes.
Pleiyie Fougere, t. France, in Ille-and-Villaine,
31 m. N. by E. Rennes. Pop, 2,800.
Peisse, r. Saxony, which falls into the Saale be-
tween Halle and Merseburg.
Plelan, i. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 23 m. S.
W. Rennes. Pop. 3,100.
Plellenberg'' s Bay, bay on the Cape of Good
Hope, 400 m. E. Cape Town.
Plemet, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. S. St.
Brieux. Pop. 2,400.
Pleneuf, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N.
E. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,300.
Plesa, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 16 m. S.
Kostroma. Lon. 41° 14' E. Lat. 57° 15' N.
Pleschen, t. Prussian Poland, 17 m. N. N. W.
Kalisch. Pop. 1,900.
Plesovcse, or Pliessocz, t. Hungary, 21 m. S.
Neusohl. Lon. 19° 8' 45" E. Lat. 48° 26' 15" N.
Plesse. See Josephsladt.
Plesse, t. Prussian States, 32 m. E. S. E. Ratis-
bon. Pop. 2,300. Plesse, the principality of which
it is the capital, has an extent of 530 square miles.
Pop. 61,000.
Plessis les Tours, v. France, in Indre-and-Loire-
Pop. 1,000.
^ Plestin, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N.
E. Morlaix. Pop. 3,500,
Plettenberg, t. Prussian States, 13 m. S. S. W.
Arensbcrg. Pop. 1,300. -* :J0f!ffj..
P L U
PLY
58t
Pleumariin, t. France, in La Vienne, 25 m. N.
E. Poitiers. Pop. 1,100.
Pleurluii, t. France, in Ille-and-V^ilaine, 28 m.
N. W. Rennes. Pop. 1,900.
Pleyben, t. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. by E.
Quimper. Pop. 3,700.
Plinlimmon. See Snoicdon.
Plochingen, t. Wirtemberg, at the junction of
the Fils andNeckar, 13 m. E. S. E. Stutgard. Pop.
1,400.
Plock, one of the eight palatinates, into which
the kingdom of Poland was divided by the Russian
government in 1816. Area, 7,400 sq. miles. Pop.
320,000.
Pleck, or Plotsk, t. Poland, chief place of the
preceding palatinate, on the Vistula. It is a bish-
op's see. 55 m. W. N. W. Warsaw. Pop. 3,000.
Ploen, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 18 m. S. S. E.
Kiel, 22 N. by W. Lubeck. Pop. 2,000.
Ploermel, t. France, in Morbihan, 34 m. W. by
S. Rennes. Pop. 4,500.
Ploeuc, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N.
Loudeac. Pop. 1,100.
Plofelden, or Blaufeld, t. Wirteraberg, 17 m. S.
3. E. Mergentheim. Pop. 900.
Plogastel, V. France, in Finisterre, 34 m. S.
Brest. Pop. 800.
Plomb de Canial. See Canted.
Plombieres, t. France, in Vosges, 14 na. S. Epi-
nal. Pop. 1,000.
Plombieres, t. France, 4 m. N. E. Dijon. Pop.
1,100.
Plane, r. Prussia, in Pomerania, which falls in-
to the lake of Damm, near Damm.
Phnsk, t. Poland, 35 m. N. N. W. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,500.
Plouagaf, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. S.
E. Guingamp, 12 W. St. Brieux. Pop. 2,100.
Plouarc. See Douarnenez.
Plouay, t France, in Morbihan, 12 m. N. L'-
Orient. Pop. 3,700.
Pkuescat, t. France, in Finisterre, 20 m. N. W.
Morlaix. Pop. 2,200.
Plmgastel, t. France, in Finisterre, 7 m. E.
Brest. Pop. 4,000.
Plotiha, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 14 m. N.
W. St. Brieux. Pop. 3,100.
Plouha, Pointe dv, cape on the N. W. coast of
France, in the English channel. Lou. 2" 48' W.
Lat. 48" 41' N.
Plousec, Pointe de, cape on the N. W. coast of
France, in the English channel. Lon. 2° 52' W.
Lat. 48" 35' N.
Plouzevede, t. France, in Finisterre, 14 m. W.
Morlaix, Pop. 2,400.
Pluckemin, p-v. Somer/iet co. N. J.
Pludenz, t. Austrian States, in Tyrol, on the 111,
72 m. W. Inspruck, 44 S. E. Constance.
Plue, La. See Rainy Lake.
Plumartin, t. France, in La Vienne. Pop.
1,200.
Plumb, t. Allegany co. Pa. on Turtle creek. Pop.
1,174.
Plum Island, on the coast of Massachusetts, be-
tween Ipswich and Newburyport, 9 miles long and
1 broad, and separated from the main land by a
narrow sound, called Plum Island river, over
which there is a bridge. It consists principally
of sand blown into heaps, and crowned with bush-
es, bearing the beach plum. The island is a fa-
vourite resort in summer for parties of pleasure.
On the N. end are two light-houses, and several
houses have been erected ou the island by the Hu-
mane Society, and furnished with coaveniencea
for the relief of distressed mariners.
Plumb Island, isl. at the N. E. end of Long Isl-
and, N. Y. and annexed to Southhold, in Suffolk
CO. It contains about 800 acres, and supports 7
families. Plumb gut separates it by a strong cur-
rent, I of a mile wide, from the E. point of South-
hold.
Plume, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m. S.
E. Nerac. Pop. 2,700.
Plumstead, p-t Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware,
36 m. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,407.
Plymouth, t. Eng. in Devonshire, at the head
of Plymouth sound, which is formed by the rivers
Plym and Tamar, at their confluence with the
sea. The harbour is very secure, sufficiently ca-
pacious to contain about 2,000 sail of shipping, and
is altogether one of the finest in the world. It
consists of several divisions. Sutton Pool imme-
diately adjoin? the town. Catwater harbour is
formed by the estuary of the Plym. The Hamo-
aze is a magnificent basin at the mouth of the Ta^
mar, fitted with moorings of large iron chains, for
100 sail of the line. At the mouth of these har-
hours, the great bay of Plymouth sound forms an
excellent roadstead, which is now rendered se-
cure by tlie construction of the breakwater across
its entrance. This work, which has been going
on for years, and is not yet finished, is the great-
est of the kind ever undertaken in the kingdom.
It consists of a mole, or vast heap of stones, in the
middle of the sound, stretching across its entrance,
occupying nearly the half of its width, and leaving
a free passage for vessels both on the E. and W.
shores. The whole expence is estimated at
1,171,100/. ; and it was calculated that 2,000,000
tons of stone would be required to finish it. The
result has fully answered the expectations of its
projectors. In its present unfinished state, 200
sail of vessels of every description have here found
shelter, and 25 or 30 sail of the line may now ride
here at all times, in security. The dock yard of
Plymouth, and the various establishments connect-
ed with it, are perhaps the finest in the world. 43
m. S. W. Exeter, 216 W. by S. London. Lon. 4" T
W. Lat. 50" 23' N. Pop. in 1 81 1, 56,060.
Plymouth, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the W. side
of the Merrimack, 35 m. N. Concord. Pop. 937.
The courts of the county are held alternately here
and at Haverhill.
Plymouth, ibrmerly Saltish, t. Windsor co. Vt.
15 m. W. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 834. Here is a
remarkable cavern.
Plymouth, co. Mass. bounded N. by Norfolk co.
E. by the Atlantic, S. by Barnstable co. and Buz-
zard's bay, and W. by Bristol co. Pop. 35,169.
Plymouth, s-p. and cap. Plymouth co. Mass. and
the oldest town in New England, is 36 m. S. S. E.
Boston. It is an extensive township, being about
16 miles long, and 5 broad, and containing more
than 80 square miles. The principal settlement
is in the N. E. part of the township, and contains
more than two-thirds of the inhabitants. The
soil near the coast is generally good, but the resi-
due of the township is barren, and, notwithstand-
ing its antiquity, is yet a forest. The harbor is
spacious but shallow, and is formed by a long and
narrow neck of land called Salthouse Beach, ex-
tending southerly from Marshfield, and terminat-
ing at the Gurnet Head, and by a smaller beach
within, running in an opposite direction. There
is a breach in the inner beach which exposes the
shipping, even at the, wh?rvn9> daring an easterly
mB
POD
storm. The amount of sliipping in Plymouth
district, in 1815, was 21,263 tons, of which several
thousand were employed in the codfishery.
Plymouth contains' a court-house, jail, bank,
and 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Coiigrega-
tionalists, and 1 for Baptists. The first settlers of
New England landed at this place on the 22d
of December 1620, and the present inhabitants of
the town are principally descendants of the an-
cient stock. The rock on which their forefathers
first landed was conveyed, in 1774, from the shore
to a square in the centre of the town, and the an-
niversary of their landing is still celebrated. Pop.
4,228. Lon. 70" SO" W. Lat. 41° 68' N.
PlynunUh, p-t, Litchfield co. Ct. 24 m. W.
Hartford, 30 N. New Haven. It contains 3
churches, 2 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Congre-
gationalists. Pop. 1,882.
Plymouth, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. N. W.
Norwich, 107 W. Albany. Pop. 1,286.
Plymouth, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah, opposite Wilkesbarre. Pop. 785.
Plymouth, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 895.
Plymouth, p-t. and cap. Washington co. N. C.
on the S. side of the Roanoke, 5 m. above Albe-
marle sound, 20 S. Edenton. Amount of shipping
in 1816, 1,590 tons.
Plympion, Plympton Earls, or Plympton Mau-
rice, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. E. Plymouth.
Lon. 4° 2' W. Lat. 50° 23' N. Pop. 715.
Plympton, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 m. N. W.
Plymouth. Pop. 900.
Po, (an. Padv£, Eridnnus,) r. Europe, which
traverses the north of Italy from W. to E. It ri-
ses in Monte Viso, one of the Cottian Alps, passes
by Turin, and separating Austrian Italy from Par-
ma, Modena, and the States of the Church, dis-
charges itself by a number of mouths into tlie
Adriatic, about 30 m. S. Venice.
Pobassoo^s Island, small isl. off the N. coast of
New Holland. Lon. 136° 27' E. Lat. 1 1° 53|' S.
Pockeso, s-p. Axim, on the Gold coast of Africa.
Pocklingion, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 m. S. E.
York, 1 96 N. by W. London. Lon. O' 46' W. Lat.
53° 55' N. Pop. 1,539.
Poco de Panella, v, Brazil, On the river Capiba-
ribe, some miles W. Pernambuco.
Pocock's Island, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
118° 12' E. Lat. 6° 2' S.
Pocock, Point, cape on the E. coast of New
Zealand, 4 m. W. Cape Brett.
Pocokonlas, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on the N.
side of the Appomatox.
Pocomokt, r. on the eastern shore of Maryland,
which runs into the Chesapeak. It is navigable
a few miles.
Pocotaligo, p-v. Beaufort district, S. C. 64 m.
W. S. W. Charleston.
Podenda, v. Asia Minor, at the junction of the
Sihoun with the Adana, 33 ra. N. Adana.
Podensac, t. Erance, on the river Gironde, 18
m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,400.
Podgorodkoi, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, on the
Oural, 92 m. E. Orenbourg.
. Podgorza, t. Austrian states, in Galicia, on the
Vistula, opposite Cracow. Pop. 4,000.
Podgnrze, or Podgarise, r. Poland, which forms
the boundary between Austrian and Russian Po-
land, and falls into the Dniester.
Podiebrad, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 31 m. E.
Prague. Pop. 2,400.
Podlachia, one of the eight palatinates of the
new kingdom of Poland, lying between the Bu^
P O I
and the Vistula. Area, 5,620 sq, miles. Fop.
438,000.
Podluzacs, a tribe of Croats in the South of
Moravia.
Podolia, a government of Russia, adjacent to the
Austrian province of the Buckowine. Area,
20,400 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,330,000.
Podor, a French factory on the Senegal. Lon,
14°20'W. Lat. 17°1'N.
Poeston Kill, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hud-
son, S. of Troy. Near its mouth are high falls.
Poge, Cape, the N. E. point of Chabaquiddick
island, Mass. Lon. 70° 22' W. Lat. 41° 25' N.
Poggio Bonsi, t. Tuscany, 28 m. S. E. Florence.
Poggy, or J^assau Isles, islands on the W. coast
of Sumatra, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues,
between lat. 2° 18' and 3° 16' S.
Pohl, isl. of the Baltic, off the coast of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, nearly opposite Wismar. Pop.
1,200.
Poilly, t. France, in Loiret, 40 m. S. by E. Or-
leans. Pop. 1,200.
Poimel, Points de, cape, on the W. coast of
France. Lon. 3° 44' W. Lat. 48° 43' N.
Point, t. Northu mberland co. Pa. Pop. 431 .
Point aux Pins. See Landg^tard.
Point Chico, t. Arkansaw Territory, on the
Mississippi, at the confluence of Arkansaw river.
Point Coupee, parish, Louisiana, on the W. side
of the Mississippi. Pop. 4,539. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Point Coupee, t. in the above parish, on the W.
bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. above Baton
Rouge.
Paint de Galle, s-p. on the S. W. point of Cey-
lon. The harbor is good, and during the season
when the roadstead of Colombo is unsafe, ships
frequently wait at Point de Galle, till their car-
goes are ready. Lon. 80° 15' E. Lat. 6° N.
Point Gordwar, point of land which projects
into the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of Godavery
river. Lon. 82° 17' E. Lat. 16° 48' N.
Poiiit Harmar, the name of that part of Ma-
rietta in Ohio, which is on the S. side of the
Muskingum. It contains above 30 houses, a post-
office, and a steam-mill.
Point Palmiras. See Palmiras.
Point Pedro, t. Ceylon, at the N. extremity of
the island. Lon. 80° 25' E. Lat. 9° 52' N.
Point Pleasant, p-t. Mason co. Va. on the Ohio,
just above the confluence of the Kenhawa, 5 m.
N. E. Gallipolis.
Point Pleamnt, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 21 m. S. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815,
150.
Pointe du Lac, La Riviere de la, small r. Low-
er Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence, at
the N. E. extremity of lake St. Peter.
Pointe du Lac, or Tonnoucour, seigniory. Lower
Canada, in St. Maurice co. on the St. Lawrence,
8 m. W. Three-Rivers.
Pointe aux Peres, or Father Point, cape, on the
N. shore of the river St. Lavnrence, 160 m. below
Quebec.
Pointe aux Trembles, v. Lower Canada, on the
N. bank of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. above Que-
bec.
Pointy, t. Bengal, on the S. bank of the Ganges.
Lon. 87° 26' E. Lat. 25° 20' N.
Poire sous la Roche sur Yonne, t. France, in La
Vendee, 42 m. N. W. Fontenay. Pop. 4,200.
Poirino, t. Piedmont, 12 m. S. E. Turin. Pop.
5,000. :J^iM^t'i^^- '• •u'**^—'
POL
POL
589
Poissons, t France, in Upper Marne, 4 m. E. S.
E. Joinville, 14 S. E. Vassy. Pop. 1,800.
Poissy, t. France, on the Seine, 9 m. N. W.
Versailles. Pop. 2,500.
Poitiers, t, France, cap. of La Vienne. It is
celebrated for the victory of Edward the Black
Prince, over the French, on 13th September
1334. 85 m. S. S. W. Tours, 250 S. W. Paris.
Lon. 0'^ 20' E. Lat. 46° 36' N. Pop. 21,300.
Poitou, before the revolution, a province of
France, now divided into three departments : La
Vienne, the Deux Sevres, and La Vendee.
Poix, t. France, in Sorame, 17 m. S.W. Amiens.
Pop. 1,100.
Pokrow, t. Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, 62 m. E.
Moscow.
Pola, t. Austrian states, in Istria, on the gulf of
Venice. It was formerly a considerable city, and
is still a bishop's see. Pop. 900, not a tenth of
what it was in the time of the Romans. Its har-
bor, however, is excellent, and is sufficient to con-
tain a large fleet, 30 m. S. Capo d' Istria, 44 S.
Trieste. Lon. 14° 3' E. Lat. 45° 5' N.
Pola, or Oteivhei, one of the Navigator's isl-
ands, separated from Oyolava by a channel about
4 leagues wide. Lon. 172° 20' W. Lat. 13° 52' S.
Poland, formerly a large country of Europe,
bounded W. by Germany, E. by Russia, and S. by
Hungary, Walachia, and Moldavia. Including
Lithuania, it contains 284,000 square miles, and
15,000,000 inhabitants.— The partition of Poland
between Russia, Austria and Prussia, took place
at three distinct epochs, 1772, 1793, and 1795;
and the result of the whole was nearly as ioUows :
Sq. Miles. Population,
T'o Austria, - - 64,000 4,800,000
To Prussia, - - 52,000 3,500,000
To Russia, - - 168,000 6,700,000
284,000 15,000,000
At the peace of Tilsit (July 1807,) Bonaparte
stripped Prussia of the greatest part of her Polish
possecsions. Of these he gave a small portion to
Russia, and erected the rest into a new state, cal-
led the grand duchy of Warsaw, which he as-
signed to the king of Saxony. In 1809, after van-
quishing Austria in the field, he compelled her to
cede part of Galicia to Russia, and another part
to his new grand duchy. But all the arrange-
ments of Bonaparte were overturned by the dis-
astrous campaign of 1812: the Russians re-occu-
pied Poland ; and the congress of Vienna, while
it decreed to Austria and Prussia a partial restitu-
tion of their late cessions, confirmed to Russia all
the Polish and Lithuanian provinces acquired be-
fore 1795, conferring on her, in addition, the sove-
reignty of the central provinces, which constitute
the present kingdom of Poland. See next article.
Each of the three powers was enjoined by the
congress to give to its respective portion of Po-
land as free a constitution as circumstances should
permit.
The folio wing^ table shows how the territory and
population are at present divided between the
three powers :
Sq. Miles.
Population.
To Prussia,
29,000
1,800,000
To Austria,
30,000
3,500,000
Kingdom of Poland,
- 47,000
2,800,000
To Russia,
178,000
6,900,000
284,000 15,000,000
Poland, Kingdom of, the only portion of the
preceding country that still retains officially its
ancient name, comprises the chief part of ttelt
which, from 1807 to 1813, formed the duct^ of
Warsaw. It consists of the central provinces of
Poland, bounded all along its frontier by the re-
spective acqaisitions of Russia, Austria, and
Prussia. Area, 47,000 sq. miles. Pop. 2,800,000.
It is divided into the eight palatinates of Cracow,
Sendomir, Kalisch, Lublin, Plock, Masovia, Pod-
lachia, and Augustow. The exports coiisist of
corn, hemp, flax, cattle, timber, wax, and honey.
— This country, though subject to the same sove-
reign as Russia, is governed in every respect as a
separate monarchy. The regal dignity is vested
in the czar, represented by a viceroy, in whom,
and in a cabinet of ministers, the executive gov-
ernment resides. All ministers are accountable
to the senate. The senate consists of 30 members.
The chamber of representatives consists of 77
deputies from the provincial nobihty and gentry,
and of the members of th*> cabinet. The revenue
amounts to 900,000/. sterling. The military force
is considerable, particularly in cavalry. The re-
ligion of the majority is the Catholic. The Pro-
testants of different sects are also numerous; and
there are many members of the Greek church.
The Jews are computed to form a seventh of the
whole population.
Poland, Austrian. See Galieia.
Poland, Prussian. See Posen, Grand Duchy of.
Poland, Russian. See the governments of Fb/-
hynia, Podolia, Kiev, Poltava, and Charkov, in Eu--
ropean Russia; abo Lithuania.
Poland, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the W.
side of the Androscoggin, 30 m. N. Portland, 140
N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 850.
Poland, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Maho-
ning, 18 m. E. Warren. Pop. 827. It contains a
forge and furnace, and other mills.
Polar Regions. The regions within the arctip
circle have been rendered interesting from the
recent discoveries effected by the expeditions sent
out by the British government in search of a
north-west passage. The most successful of these
expeditions was that under command of Captain
Parry, who left England in the spring of 1819, and
passing through Davis' strait into Baffin's bay,
reached the western shore of that bay in lat. 74°
at a place which had been named by former voy-
agers, Lancaster Sound. But instead of a Soifnd,
Capt. Parry ascertained that it was a strait, lead-
ing directly into the long-sought-for Polar Sea.
It extends about 150 miles in a direction due east
and west, the shores bounding it to the north and
south being nearly parallel, at an average dis-
tance of 40 or 50 miles. To the now-ascertained
strait the name of Barrow's Strait was given. In
this the water was deep, and clear from ice ; but,
on entering the Polar Sea, the barrier of ice pre-
venting further progress westward, Capt. Parry
bent his course in a southerly direction, and en-
tered a large Sound or inlet, 25 miles in breadth.
Having sailed 120 miles down this inlet, the ships
were obstructed by ice, and returned to the west-
ern extremity of Barrow's Strait, where the ico.
was found broken up to such an extent that they
were enable to proceed westward, and the ships
pursued their course between the parallels of 74*
and 75*, passing a number of islands, one of which,
in about 104° W. lon. they named Byam Manin
Island. Proceeding still westward, a very large
island was discovered, extending from lon. 106*
to 114° W. and from lat. 74° SC to nearly 76" N.
^m
POL
This island was called, in honor of the first lord oi
the Admiralty, Melville island. The polar win-
ter now commenced, and the ships anchored in a
harbour on the south side of this island, where
they were imprisoned by the ice during a period
of 310 days. Having sailed again on the 6th of
August 1820, they reached the west extremity of
Melville's island, in Ion. 114° W. where, owing to
the immense and impermeable barriers of ice, fur-
ther progress became impossible, ami the ships re-
turned to England, Under the same enterprising
commander a new expedition has sailed to ex-
plore these regions.
Polcenigo, t. Austrian Italy, 23 m. N. Treviso.
Pop. 3,000.
Polch, or Polich, t. Prussian province of the
Lower Rhine, 17 m. W. Coblentz. Pop. 1,200.
Polder, s-p. on the Gold coast of Africa, in
Agoona.
Pole, Cape, point of the N. W. shore of Prince
of Wales archipelago, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 226" 21' W. Lat. 56° 3' N.
Polenz, r. Saxony, which falls into the Elbe, be-
low Schandau.
Poleschowitz, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 6
m. S. W. Hradisch. Pop. 1,500.
Poigar, t. Hungary, 33 m. E. Erlau, 32 N. N.
W. Debreczin. Pop. 4,000.
Poli, t. Italy, in the Compagna di Roma, 3 m.
N. Palestrina.
Policandro, small isl. in the Grecian archipe-
lago, E. of Milo, anciently called Phologandros.
It is about 20 miles in circuit. Pop. 1,200, chiefly
Creeks. Lon. 24° 59' E. Lat. 36° 37' N.
Policastro, t. Naples, 85 m. S. E. Naples. Pop.
400.
Policzka, t. Bohemia, 85 m. E. S. E. Prague.
Pop. 2,300.
Polignac, or Espales, t. France, in Upper
Loire, on the Loire, 6 m. N. Le Puy. Pop. 2,()(X).
Polignano, t. Naples, in Bari, on the sea coast,
19 m. E. S. E. Bari. Pop. 6,900.
Poligny, t. France, in Jura, 26 m. S. S. W. Be-
sancon. Pop. 5,400.
Polina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 16 m. W. by
N. Herat.
Polilz, s-p. Prussia, in Pomerania, 8 m. N. Old
Stettin. Pop. 1,200.
Polils, t. Bohemia, 25 m. N.N.E. Konigingratz.
Pop. 1,100.
Polizzy, t. Sicily, in tlie Val di Mazzara, 18 m.
S. E. Palermo. Pop. 4,900.
Polla, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra, 4 m. S.
Cangiano. Pop. 3,500.
PoUacra, Pxinta de la, cape, on the S. coast of
Spain. Lon. 2" 10' W. Lat. 36° 49' N.
Pollardsville, p-v. Greenville district, S. C.
Polle, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 20 m. S. Ha-
meln. Pop. 1,000.
Pollenza, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 30 m. S.
Turin.
Polling, t. Bavaria, 2 m. S. S. W. Weilheim.
Lon. 11° 9' E. Lat. 47° 48' 17" N. Pop. 900.
Pollockshaws, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, 2i
m. fr. Glasgow. Pop. 2,000.
Polloor, t. India, in the Carnatjc. Lon. 79" 15'
E. Lat. 12"30'N.
Polna, t. Bohemia, 70 m. E. S. E. Prague. Pop.
3,800.
Polnisch Freystadt. See Rackwitz.
Polo, or Pule, Cape, promontory on the E. coast
of Sardinia, at the S. extremity of the gulf of
Cagliari. Lon. 9° 20' F^ Lat. 39° 8' N.
POM
Poio, one oi the Philippine islands, off the W,
coast of Luzon. It is 25 miles long, by 13 broad.
Lat. 15° N.
Polo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 50 miles in
circumference. Lon. 122° 28' E. Lat 14° 55' N.
Polo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N.
coast of Samar. Lon. 121° 33' E. Lat. 12° 14' N.
Polo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S.
coast of Bool. Lon. 124° 5' E. Lat. 9° 40' N.
Polonne, t. Russia, in Volhynia, 115 m. W.
Kiev, 95 S. E. Luck.
Poloonshah, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 81°
10' E. Lat. 17" 35' N.
Pololzk, t. Eu. Russia, in Vitepsk, at the con-
fluence of the Polota and the Dwina. It is a bish-
op's see. Pop. 3,500. 73 m. W. by N. Vitepsk.
Poltava, cap. of the government of the same
name, Russia, stands on the river Vorskla, 737 m. S.
by E. Petersburg, 459 S. S. W. Moscow. Lon. 34°
14' E. Lat. 49° 30' N. Pop. 9,000.
Poltava, province of Russia, between the gov-
ernments of Cherson and Charkov. Area, 16,000
sq. miles. Pop. about 1,500,000.
Polynesia, a term applied to the numerous isl-
ands in the Pacific ocean, east of Australasia and
the Philippine islands, including the Sandwich,
the Society, the Marquesas, and others, from lon.
170° to 230° E. and lat. 35° N. to 50° S. ; an extent
of 5, 1 00 miles from N. to S. by 3,600 from E. to W.
Polzin, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 50 m. E. N. E.
Stargard, 36 S. S. E. Colberg. Pop. 1,700.
Pomabamba, province of Buenos Ayres. Pom-
abamba, the capital, is in lon. 64" 8' W. lat. 19"
55' S.
Pomard, v. France, in Cote d'Or, 2 m. S. W
Beaune. Pop. 1,100.
Pomares, t. France, in Landes, 15 m. S. W. St.
Sever. Pop. 1,500.
Pombal, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 16 m. N.
E. Leiria, 21 S. Coimbra. Pop. 3,800.
Pombo. See Pemba.
Pomegue, small isl. France, in the Mediterra-
nean. Ships from the Levant, bound for Mar-
seilles, perform quarantine here. Lon. 6° 23' E.
Lat. 43° 16' N.
Pomerania, province of the Prussian states, ly-
ing along the S. coast of the Baltic, from lon. 12"
29' to 18° 2' E. and from lat. 52° to 54° 44' N.
Area, 12,000 sq. miles. Pop. 670,000. Part of it
formerly belonged to Sweden ; but Prussia is now
in possession of the whole, as well as of the adja-
cent island of Rugen. It is almost entirely a flat
country. The exports consist of corn, cattle,
timber, wool, and wax ; also of dried fish.
Pomerelia, or Little Pomerania, a district of the
Prussian states, forming part of the government of
Dantzic.
Pomfrei, t. Windsor co. Vt. 17 m. N. Windsor.
Pop. 1,473.
Pomfref, t. Windham co. Ct. on the Quine-
baug, 40 m. N. E. Hartford, 30 W. Providence,
57 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,905. It contains one of
the largest cotton factories in the State.
Pom/ret, p-t. Chatauque co. N.Y. on lake Erie.
Pop, 1,342. In this town are the villages of Dun-
kirk and Fredonia.
Pomigliano d'Arco, t. Naples, near the capital.
Pop. 4,800.
Pomme, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa-
bash, 170 m. above Vincennes.
Pommerieiix, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m. S.
by W.Laval. Pop. 1,000.
Pommersfelden, v. Bavarian states, 17ni. S. W.
Bamberg.
PON
PON
591
Pomona, or Mainland, the largest of the Ork-
ney islands, in the middle of the group. Extent,
212 sq. miles, or 135,680 acres.
Pompeii, or Pompeia, ancient city of Italy, at
the foot of Mount Vesuvius, which was buried by
an eruption of that mountain in the year 79. The
volcanic matter covering Pompeii being little
more than an accumulation of ashes, about a fourth
part of the city has been cleared, and several
temples and columns, and numerous ancient build-
ings, have been discovered. 14 m. S. E. Naples.
See Herculanetim.
Pompey, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 11 m. S. E.
Onondaga, 146 ^V. Albany. Pop. 5,669. On
Pompey hill in this town, there iia place called by
the Indians, Bloody hill. Fragments of guns,
brass kettles, and other vestiges of a civilized peo-
ple, have been dug up here, and it is conjectured
that formerly a parly of Spaniards from the S. W.
penetrated to this spot, and were cut oft' by the
Indians.
Pompey West Hill, p-v. in the above township.
Pompiano, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. S. W.
Brescia,
Pomponesco, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 5 m.
S. E. Sabionetta.
Pompton, p-t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,060.
Ponarum, t. Indiu, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79°
Se'E. Lat. ir26'N.
Poncin, t. France, in Ain, on the river Ain, 13
m. S. E. Bourg. Pop. 2,700.
Pondah, t. and celebrated fortress. Hind, in Be-
japore, at the foot of the Western mountains, or
Ghauts. It commands the most frequented pass
leading from Goa and Soonda, into the interior.
Lon. 73' 56' E. Lat. 15° 23' N.
Pondi, small isl. in the Eastern seas, separated
from the E. point of Madura, by a channel a mile
wide. Lon. 1 14° 23' E. Lat. 6" 57' S.
Pondicherry, city on the sea coast of India, in the
Carnatic, and capital of the French establishments
in India, but is not considered of much commercial
or political importance. Lon. 79° 58' E. Lat. 1 1"
:i6' N.
Pondico, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago.
9. m. N. Negropont. Lon. 23° 29' E. Lat. 39°
10' N.
Pondimarka, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 83°
E.Lat. 17"37'N.
Pondong, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
S. E. coast of Siao. Lon. 125° 10' E. Lat. 2° 40' N.
Ponferrada, t. Spain, in Leon, 23 m. W. Astor-
ija. Pop. 2,20t>.
Pongfwu, or Piscadores, a cluster of islands in
the channel of Formosa, between 23° 10' and 23°
10' N. lat. and the westernmost in 119° 27' E.
lon.
Pongiraho, small r. Louisiana, which falls into
Lake Maurepas, 10 m. W. Madisonville.
Pons, t. France, in Lower Charente, 15 m. S.
iBaintes. Pop. 3,900.
Pons, or Copons, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the
river Scgre, 42 m. N. by W. Tarragona.
Ponfa Delgada, s-p. and cap. of St. Michael's,
one of the Azores. Pop, 8,000.
Poniac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 15 m. S.
S. Pau. Pop. 2,300.
Pontaillier, t. France, in Cote d'Or, on the Sa-
Dne, 20 m. E. Dijon. Pop. 1,200.
Pont a Mousson, t. France, in Meurthe, on the
IVloselle, 18 m. S. by W. Metz. Pop. 6,800.
Pontarlier, t, FVance, on the Doubs, not far from
Mount Jura, Being one of the most convement
passes to Switzerland, it is guarded by a castle, sit-
uated on an almost inaccessible rock. 40 m. S. E.
Besancon. Pop. 3,900.
Pontassieve, t. Tuscany, 10 m. E. Florence.
Pop. 900.
Pont Audemeer, t. France, in Eure, 25 m. W. by
S. Rouen. Pop. 5,200.
Pontaumur Landogne, t. France, in Puy de
Dome, 20 m. W. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,200.
Pontcharra, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. S. E.
Chamberry. Pop. 2,800.
Ponlchartrain, t. France, 9 m. W. Versailles.
Pop. 1,300.
Ponlchartrain, lake, Louisiana, about 35 miles
long from E. to W. and 25 broad, and generally
from 13 to 20 feet deep. It communicates with
LakeBorgne on the S. E., with Lake Maurepas on
the N, W. and with the city of New Orleans, by
Bayou St, John, on the S.
Pont Chateau, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 28
m. N. W. Nantes, Pop. 2,700,
Pont Croix, t, France, in Finisterre, 17 m. N.W.
Quimper. Pop, 1,100.
Pont de Beau Voisin, t. France, in Isere, divi.
ded into two parts, the one belonging to the Sar-
dinian States, the other to France, 45 m, E. Ly-
ons. Pop, 2,600.
Pont de Ce, t. France, on the Loire, 3 m. S. by
E. Angers. Pop. 3,000.
Pont de VAin, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. S. by E.
Bourg. Pop. 1,200.
Pont de VArche, t. France, on the Seine, at the
influx of the Eure, 12 m. S. Rouen. Pop. 1,500.
Pont de Monlevert, t. France, in Lozere, 9 m. E.
by N. Florae. Pop. 1,300.
Pont de Remy, t. France on the Somme, 20 m .
W. Amiens.
Pont de Sorgues, t. France, in Vaucluse, 6 m,
N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,300.
Po7it de Vaux, t. France, in Ain, 9 m. S. Ma-
con. Pop. 2,800.
Pont de Veyle, t. France, in Burgundy, on the
Veyle, 6 m, S. E, Macon, Pop, 1,400,
Pont du Chateau, t, France, in Puy de Dome,
on the AUier, 7 m. E, Clermont, Pop, 2,900.
Pont du Gard. See Gard, Pont du.
Ponte, i. Piedmont, 13 m. W. S. W, I vera. Pop.
3,600.
Ponle-con-o, t. Italv, in the States of the Church.
50 m, N. W, Naples,' 60 E. S, E. Rome. It is the
see of a bishop. Pop. 5,200.
Ponte de Barca, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e
Minho, 9 m.N. Braga.
Ponte de Lima, t. Portugqil in Entre Duero e
Minho, 41 m. N. Oporto. Pop. 2,000.
Ponte de Massinesso, t, Italy, in the duchy ol
Parma, 28 m, W. Parma.
Ponte d'Era, t. Tuscany, 16 m. E. N. E, Leg-
horn. Pop, 3,000.
Pont en Royans, t. France, in Isere, 22 m, S.W
Grenoble. Pop, 1,300.
Pontefract or Pomfret, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 23
m. S, S, W. York, 177 N. N. W. London. Lon.
1° 18' W. Lat. 53° 41' N. Pop. 3,605.
Ponte JVura, t. Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 7
m. S. E. Piacenza.
Ponteque, or Pontique, cape on the W. coast of
Mexico, 30 m. N. E. Cape Corrientes.
Ponte Stura, t, Sardinian states, in Montferrat,
at the junction of the Stura and the Po, 7 m. W,
byN.Casale. Pop. 1,400.
Ponte-Vedra, t. Spain, in Galicia, 14 m. N. Vi-
go Lon. 8° 14' W, Lat, 42° 34' N, Pop. 2,000.
592
PON
Pontevico, t. Austrian Italy, 18 m. S. Brescia.
Pop. 4,700.
Pont Farcy, t France, in Calvados, 34 m. S.
W. Caen. Pop. 1,000.
Pont Gibaut, v. France, in Puy de Dome, 12
m. W. by N. Clermont. Pop. 700.
Pont Gouin, t. France, on the Eure, 17 m. W.
Chatres. Pop. 1,400.
Ponttac, t. and cap. Oakland co. Michig;an
Territory, on the river Huron of St. Clair, about
25 miles above its mouth, and 25 W. Detroit.
The river is a beautiful stream, which, a few miles
above, issues from a chain of small lakes, and at
Pontiac is 4 rods wide. Here are erected a saw-
mill and a larg;e g^rist mill, 4 stories high. The
town was lately laid out, and as the lands in this
Territory are now brought into notice, Pontiac
has the prospect of a rapid growth.
Pontian Islands, small islands in the Mediterra-
nean, belonging to the kingdom of Naples, and sit-
uated opposite the coast of the Terra di Lavoro.
Pontiena, Dutch settlement on the W. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 109" 30' E. Lat. 3° S.
Pontine Marshes, The, an extensive marshy
tract of Italy, in the S. part of the Campagna di
Roma.
Pontivyy or Bourbon-la-Ville, t. France, in Mor-
bihan, 30 m. N. E. Lorient. Pop. 3, 100.
Pont VAbbe, t. France, in Finisterre, near the
sea, 12 m. S. W. Quimper. Pop. 3,900.
Pont VEveque, t. France, in Calvados, 26 m.
E. by N. Caen. Pop. 2,500.
Pont le Voye, t. France, near the Loire, 15 m.
E. Amboise. " Pop. 1,200.
Ponloise, t. France, on the Oise, 20 m. N. W.
Paris. Pop. 5,200.
Pontons, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. N. E. Dax.
Pop. 900.
Pontop, V. Eng. in Durham, 11 m. N. W. Dur-
ham.
Pontorson, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. S.
W. Avranches. Pop. 1,400.
Pontremoli, t. Tuscany, 40 m. S. W. Parma. It
is the see of a bishop. Pop. 2,500.
Pontrieux, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 9 m. N.
W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,100.
Pont St. Esprit, t France, in Card, on the right
bank of the Rhone, 38 m. N. E. Nimes. Pop. 4, 100.
Pont St. Maixence, t. France, in Oise, on the
river Oise, 24 m. E. by S. Beauvais. Pop. 2,900.
Pont St. Vincent, t. France, on the Moselle, 9
m.S. W. Nancy. Pop. 1,100.
Pont sur Seine, t. France, in Aubc, on the
Seine, 28 m. N. W. Troyes. Pop. 1,000.
Pont sur Sambre, t. France, dep. of the North,
on the Sambre, 35 m. S. E. Douay. Pop. 1,000.
Pont sur Vonne, t. France, on the river Yonne,
30 m. N. by W. Auxerre. Pop. 1,400.
Pont Vallam, t. France, in Sarthc, 9 m. S. Lc
Mans. Pop. 1,700.
Pontypool, t. Eng. in Monmouth co. on the
Avon, 15 m. S. W. Monmouth, 146 W. by N.
London. Lon. 3° 1' W. Lat. 51" 52' N. Pop.
about 2,000.
Pont y Prydd, v. Eng. in Monmouthshire, 10 m.
from Caerphilly.
Ponza, or Pontia, small isl. in the Mediterrane-
an, belonging to the Pontian group, and opposite
to Cape Circello. Its chief trade is in salt. 20 m.
S. by W. Terracina. Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat. 40'
58' N. Pop. 800.
Ponzone, t. Sardinian States, in Montferrat, 20
m. W. N. W. Genoa, Pod. 2,200.
POP
Foogxd, t Hind, in Mooltan, 24 m. N. W. Bika-
neer.
Poolange, small isl. in the Eastern seas, neaj'
the coast of Borneo. Lon. 117" 6' E. Lat. 3'
25' N.
Poolarum. See Pularum.
Poole, t. and seaport, Eng. in Dorsetshire. Tlie
harbour is one of the best in the English channel
for merchant ships. The principal business is the
Newfoundland fishery, in which about 1 40 ship?
are emploved. It sends 2 members to parliament.
40 m. W.'S. W. Winchester, 105 S. W. London.
Lon. 1" 59' W. Lat. 50° 43' N. Pop. 4,8 16.
PooWs store, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Poolesville, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C.
Pooley, hamlet, Eng. in VVestmoreland, 4 m.
from Penrith.
Poolseepore, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 82° 30' E.
Lat. 27° 28' N.
Poonah, city. Hind, in Bejapore, and capital of
the Mahratta chief called the Peshwa. In 1802,
a treaty of alliance was formed between the Pesh-
wa and the British, which lasted till 1817, when
hostilities commenced and the Peshwa was com-
pelled to resign his office and retire upon a pen-
sion to Benares. A rival chief was then placed
u{)on the throne, who is under the control of a
British resident. Lon. 74° E. Lat. 18° 30' N.
Poonakhn, t Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89" 45' E.
Lat. 27° 56' N.
Poonamalee, small district and t. India, in the
Carnatic, 10 m. S. W. Madrass. Lon. 80° 20' E.
Lat. 13" S.
Poonar, district and t. Hind, in Berar. Lon.
78°13'E.Lat. 20°9'N.
Poondy, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 84° 27' E.
Lat. 18° 40' N.
Poopooroo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the N. E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117" 54' E. Lat.
6" 18' N.
Poorbunder, s-p. and fort. Hind, in Gujerat.
Lon. 69° SO' E. Lat. 21° 37' N.
Poor Knights, islands in the Pacific ocean, near
the N. E. coast of New Zealand. Lon. 174" 42'
E. Lat. 35" 30' S.
Poomah, r. Hind, which falls into the Tuptcc,
20 m. below Boorhanpore.
Poorunder, or Poorundah, t. and fort. Hind, in
Bejapore, 17 m. from Poonah. Lon. 74" 5' E. Lat.
18° 16' N.
Pooricah, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 44' E.
Lat. 26° 28' N.
Pooshaiv, lake, Hancock co. Maine, 9 miles long
and 4 broad. It communicates by an outlet 15
miles long, with the Penobscot, on the W. side,
opposite Marsh island.
Pooshkur, or Phokur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, with
a temple dedicated to Brahma. 4 m. from the
city of Ajmeer.
Poote des JVids, t. France, in Mayenne, 26 m.
N. E. Mayenne. Pop. 2,800.
Pootellam, t. on the W. coast of Ceylon. Lon.
79" 51' E. Lat. 8° 5' N.
Pootoopootooa, one of the smaller Friendly isl-
ands, 18 m. N. Annamooka.
Paovaloor, t. India, in the Carnalia Lon. 79°
15'E. Lat. 11°6'N.
Popayan, a province and government of New
Grenada, in S. America, bounded N. by the Lla-
nos de Neiva, W. by Choco and the Pacific, E. by
Quixos, and S. by Atacames.
Popayan, cap. of the above province, on an ex-
tensive plain, 5,905 feet above the level of the sea.
P O R
iu the immediate vicinity of the great volcanoes of
Purace and Sotara. It is the seat of the royal
mint. 195 m. S. S. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 76° 31' W.
Lat. 2° 28' N. Pop. 25,000.
Pope, CO. Illinois, on the Ohio. Pop. in 1818,
1,975. Chief towns, Golconda and Constantia.
Paper, r. Austrian Poland, which falls into the
Vistula near Uyscie.
Poperingen, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders,
26 m. S. by W. Ostend. Pop. 9,000.
Poplar, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 4i m. E. by
S. St. Paul's cathedral, London. Pop. 7,708.
Poplar Grove, p-v. Newbury district, S. C.
Poplar Island, isl. in Chesapeake bay, belong-
ing to Talbot CO. Md. It is about 10 miles in cir-
cumference.
Poplar ridge, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Poplar Springs, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md. 27
m. W. Baltimore.
Poplar Town, or Trap, p-t. Worcester co. Md.
Poplin, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 462.
Popo, a country on the Slave coast of Africa,
about 24 miles in extent.
Popo, isl. in the Eastern seas, 50 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 130° 0' 15" E. Lat. 19° 14' S.
Poppi, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 25 m. E. S. E.
Florence. Pop. 1,800.
Poprad, V. Austrian empire, which rises in the
Carpathian mountains, passes by Kesmark and
Deutschendorf, in Hungary, enters Galicia, and
falls into the Dunajetz.
Porca, s-p. India, in Travancore. Lon. 76° 24'
E. Lat. 9" 23' N.
Porchov, t. Eu. Russia, 59 ra. E. by S. Pskov.
Pop. 1,200.
Porcho, province of Buenos Ayres, on the W.
of Potosi. Pop. 22,000. Porco, or Talavera de
Puna, the capital, is in lon. 67° 56' W, lat. 19° 40' S.
Porcos, or Puercos, isl. off the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 24° S.
Porcuna, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m. W. N.
W. Jaen.
Porcupine River, r. Missouri Territory, which
fells into the Missouri from the N. It is 1 12 yards
wide at its mouth.
Porcupine River, r. North-west Territory,
Trhich runs into Lake Superior, in lon. 88° W.
;at.47°N.
Pordenone, or Portenaa, t. Austrian Italy, 24 m.
W. S. W. Udina. Pop. 1,800.
Pore, San Joseph de, city, New Granada, 133
n, N. E. Santa Fe, 82 S. Pamplona. Lon. 72° 13'
W. Lat. 5° 40' N. Pop. 500.
Porentrui, or Brundrut, t. Switz. in Berne, 26
n. E. S, E. Bale. Pop. 2,100.
Poretschje, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensk©, 40 m.
^. N. W. Smolensko. Pop. 2,300.
Port, small isl. in the Mediterranean, belonging
'o the Ionian republic, 20 m. S. E. Cerigo, 30 N.
E. Candia.
Porlock, or Portlock, s-p. Eng. in Somersetshire,
on the S. shore of the Bristol channel, 14 m. N. by
W. Dalverton, 167 W. London. Pop. 633.
Pornic, s-p. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the
!iea coast, 27 m. W. by S. Nantes. Pop. 1,000.
Poro, small isl. among the Philippines, near the
W, coast of Leyta. Lon. 124° 20' E. Lat. 10"
35' N.
Poro Isle, isL off the S. W. coast of Sumatra,
33 miles long, by 8 broad. Lon. 29' 15' E. Lat.
2° 12' S.
Porofnushir. the second of the Kurile islands, in
75
P O R
o93
the Pacific ocean, 44 miles long, and 12 broad.
Lon. 156° 14' E. Lat. 51" 38' N.
Poros, (an. Sphceria,) small isl. Greece, in the
gulf of Egina, separated from the coast of Argohs
by a very narrow channel.
Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of York co.
Maine, 7 leagues N. by E. Cape Neddock, and 5
S. W. Wood island. Lon. 70° 23' W. Lat. 43*^
22' N.
Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia,
in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 71° 50' W. Lat.
52°56'S.
Porquerolles. See Porte Cross.
Porrudos, Rio de, or St. Lourenco, r. Brazil,
which falls into the Paraguay, 26 leagues below
the Cuiaba.
Porselon, or Porselouc, t. Siam, on a river which
flows into the gulf of Siam, Lon. 99° 46' E. Lat.
17° 48' N.
Port Addi. See Portendick.
Port Althorp, harbour on the N. W. coast of
King George the Third's archipelago, between
Point Lucan and Point Lavinia. Lon. 223° 55' E.
Lat. 58° 11' N.
Port Anna Maria, bay or harbour on the S.
coast of Sir Henry Martin's island, in the Pacific
ocean, 7 m. W. Point Martin. Lon. 139" 39' W.
Lat. 8° 30' S.
Port Antonio, harbour on the N. E. coast of Ja-
maica. Lon. 76" 5' W. Lat. 18° 5' N.
Port Bail, t France, in La Manche, 20 m. S.
Cherbourg. Pop. 800.
Port Barwell, a harbour on the N. W, coast of
America. Lon. 149" 40' W. Lat. 59" 40' N.
Port Blanc, or Addi, harbour in the Red sea,
on the coast of Egypt, 25 m. S. S. E. Cosseir.
Port Charles, harbour on the E. coast of New
Zealand, 6 m. E. Cape Colville.
Port Clarke, harbour on the W. side of Chris-
tian's sound, on the coast of Terra del Fuego, 4
m. N. N. E. York Minster.
Port Cox, bay on the N. W. coast of America,
60 m. S. E. Nootka sound.
Port Dalrymple, harbour on the N. coast of Van
Dieman's Land.
Port Daniel, harbour in Chaleur bay. Lon. 65"
W. Lat. 48° 10' N.
Port Dauphin, bay on the E. coast of the island
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60° 25' W. Lat. 46" 20' N,
Port Deposit, p-t. Cecil co. Md.
Port Dick, harbour on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 209" 45' E. Lat. 59" 13' N.
Port Discovery, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America, in the gulf Georgia. The entrance is
in lon. 237° 20' E. lat. 48° 7' N.
Port Dundas, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, one
mile from Glasgow.
Port Egvxont, a port on the N. W. coast of Falk-
land's islands. Lon. 55° W. Lat. 51° 27' S.
Port Elizabeth. See Elisabeth'' s bay.
Port Elisabeth, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. on
a branch of theTiver Maurice.
Port Essington, harbour of the Pacific ocean, on
the coast of New Cornwall. Lon. 230° 12' E. Lat.
54° 14' N.
Port Etches, bay on the S. W. of Hinchinbrook
island, at the entrance of Prince William's sound.
Lon. 213° 56' E. Lat. 60° 21' N.
Port Fran^ais, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer-.
ica. Lon. 137° 10' W. Lat. 58° 37' N.
Pwt Frederick, harbour on the N. side of Kin^
George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 224° 40' K
Lat. 58° 12' N.
5H
P O R
Port Galeres, port on the S. coast of the island ol'
Samos. Lon. 26" 54' W, Lat. 37° 44' N.
Port Gardner, harbour on the E. coast of Whid-
by's island, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 47'
E. Lat. 48° 2' N.
Port Genesee. See Charlotte.
Port Gibson, p-t. and cap. Clairbome co. Mis-
sissippi, 45 no. N. Natchez.
Port Glasgow, p-v. Seneca co. N. Y.
Port Gore, bay on the N. W. coast of America.
Lon. 150" 20' W. Lat. 59° 10' N.
Port Hannah, bay on the N. VV. coast of Amer-
ica, 40 m. S. E. Nootka sound.
Port Haivkesbury, bay on the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance into the straits of Juan
de Fuca. Lon. 124° 40' W. Lat. 48° 35' N.
Port Herbert, bay on the S. coast of Nova Sco-
tia. Lon. 64° 55' W. Lat. 43° 53' N.
Port Hood, bay on the W. coast of Cape Bre-
ton. Lon. 61° 16' W. Lat. 46° N.
Port Jackson, a bay and English settlement on
the E. coast of New Holland, 9 m. N. of Botany
Bay. The entrance is between two heads, which
are distant from each other one mile and three
quarters. Lon. of Cattle point, 151° 11' 49" E.
Lat 33° 51' 4?' S.
Port Lawrence, t. Monroe co. Michigan Terri-
tory, at the W. end of Lake Erie, on Maumee bay,
65 m. S. Detroit, 148 N. W. Columbus. It has a
good harbour, with sufficient depth of water for
vessels that navigate the lake, and it will proba-
bly become a place of importance.
Port Lawrence, t. Tompkins co. N. Y.
Port Louis, called during the revolution Port
^e la Liberia, s-p. France, in Morbihan, 4 m. S.
by E. L'Orient. Lon. 3° 21' 14" E. Lat. 47° 42'
47'' N. Pop. 2,700.
Port Louis, s-p. capital of the island of Mauritius,
©r the Isle of France, in the Indian sea, once the
chief settlement of the French in this part of the
world, and the rendezvous of the vessels with
which they infested the British trade. It is on the
W. side of the island. In 1817, it was almost en-
tirely burnt to the ground ; but has since been re-
built. Lon. 57° 32' E. Lat. 20° 10' S.
Port Louis, s-p. on the W. coast of the island of
Gaudaloupe. Lon. 61° 33' W, Lat. 16° 38' N.
Port Macquarrie, inlet on the E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 152" 53' E. Lat. 31° 25' S.
Port Mahon, s-p. of the island of Minorca. The
harbour has some shoals at the entrance, but in
the inside is one of the safest and most convenient
in the Mediterranean, with sufficient depth and
extent to hold a fleet of ships of war. Lon. 4° 5'
E. Lat. 36° 17' N.
Port Maurice, bay on the S. E. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 66° 15' W. Lat. 54° 44' N.
Port Morant, bay on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76° 2' W. Lat. 17° 54' N.
Port Mulgrave, or Admiralty Bay, harbour on
the N. W. coast of America, formetl by small isl-
ands on the E. side of Behring's Bay, near the
entrance. Lon. 220° 35' E. Lat. 59° 34' N.
Port JSTevile, bay in Johnstone's straits, on the
N. W. coast of America, Lon. 234° E. Lat 50"
31' N.
Port Orchard, bay within Admiralty inlet. Lon.
237° 36' E. Lat 47° 39' N.
Port Paix, t Hispaniola, on the N. shore. Lon.
73° 12' W. Lat. 19° 55' N.
Port Palliser, harbour on the N. E. coast of
Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 69° 37' E. Lat 49°
3'S.
P 0 R
Port Patrick, t. Scotland, in Wigtonshirc, oB
the coast of the Irish sea, being the nearest point
of Great Britain to Ireland. 75 m. W. Dumfries.
Port Penn, v. Newcastle co. Del. opposite
Reedy island, 50 m. below Philadelphia. See
Reedy Island.
Port Plate, harbour on the N. coast of Hispan-
iola. Lon. 71° 25' W. Lat 19° 45' N.
Port Praslin, bay on the N. coast of New Geor-
gia. Lon. 164° 50' E. Lat. 7° 25' S.
Port au Prince, s-p. Hispaniola, on the W.
coast. In 1770, great part of the town was de-
stroyed by an earthquake. The situation is low
and marshy, and the climate in consequence very
unhealthy. It is surrounded by hills, which com-
mand the town and harbour ; to the east is the
nobk plain of Cul de Sac, extending from 30 to
40 miles in length, by 9 in breadth. Pop. in 1790,
15,000. Lon. 73° 10' W. Lat 18° 35' N.
Port Razoir, a harbour on the S. W. coast of
Nova Scotia.
Port Republic, p-t. Rockingham co. Va. on the
S. branch of the Shenandoah.
Port Resolution, harbour on the N. side of Tan-
na island, one of the New Hebrides, Lon. 169"
45' E. Lat 19° 32' S.
Port Roseway, bay in the S. E. of Nova Scotia,
on which is the town of Shelburne. Lon. 65° 13'
W. Lat 43" 40' N.
Port Royal, or Porto Escondedo, small isl. and
harbour in "the bay of Campeachy, near the coast
of Yucatan. Lon. 92° 36' W. Lat. 18° 22' N.
Port Royal, s-p. Jeimaica, on the S. side of the
island, in which a thousand sail of ships could an-
chor with the greatest convenience and safety. It
once contained 2,000 houses ; but, in June 1692,
a dreadful earthquake buried nine-tenths of it
eight fathoms under water. They, however, re-
built the town ; but, about ten years after, it was
laid in ashes by a terrible fire, and in 1722, one of
the most dreadful hurricanes ever known reduced
it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Though once
a place of the greatest wealth and importance in
the West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets,
a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It still con-
tains, however, the royal navy-yard, the navy
hospital, and barracks for a regiment of soldiers.
The fortifications are kept in excellent order, and
are remarkably strong. 20 m. S.W. Kingston.
Lon. 77° W. Lat. 17° 50' N.
Port Royal, p-t. Caroline co. Va. on the S. side
of the Rappahannock. It is regularly laid out,
and contains about 150 houses. Rappaliannock
academy is situated about 2 miles W. of the town,
and has about 60 students. 22 m. S. E. Frede-
ricksburg, 80 fr. Washington.
Port Royal, p-t. Montgomery co. Tennessee.
Port Royal, t. Dearborn co. Indiana, on Lough-
crty's creek, 7 m. above its mouth.
Port Royal, s-p, of Martiuico. Lon. 61° 9' W.
Lat 1 4" 38' N.
Port Royal Island, isl. near the coast of S. Car-
olina, about 11 miles long, and 1 wide, on which
is Beaufort.
Port St. Julian, harbour on the E. coast of Pat-
agonia. Lon. 68° 44' W. Lat 49° 10' S.
Port St. Marie, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonnc,
on the Garonne, 70 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop.
3,700.
Port St. Mary\ (in Spain). See Puerto de
Santa Marie.
Port Salut, s-p. on the S. coast of Hispaniola, 1&
m. S.W. LesCayes.
P O R
Pm Sandwich, a harbour of the island of Mal-
IjcoUo, in the South Pacific ocean. Lon. 167° 57'
E. Lat. 16° 23' S.
Port Scrivan, harbour on the coast of Darien,
l^ood and secure when vessels are got in, but with
a dang^erous entrance.
P ort Seitan, port on the N. coast of the island
ofSamos. Lon. 26" 40' E. Lat. 37" 49' N.
Port-surSaone, t. Franco, in Upper Saone, 6
tn. N. VV. Vesoul. Pop. 1,900.
Port Snettisham, harbour on the- N. W. coast of
America, in Stephen's Passag^e, between Point
Styleman, and Point Hanmer.
Port Stephens, bay on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 207° 5 1' W. Lat. 32° 40' S.
Port Stephens, harbour on the S. coast of Pitt's
archipelago, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 230" 21'
E. Lat. 33° 28' N.
Port Stewart, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 228° 4' E. Lat. 55° 38' N.
Port Susan, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 55' E.
Lat. 48° 5' N.
Port Tobacco, p-t. and cap. Charles co. Md. on
,i small river of the same name, which runs into
the Potomac, 4 miles below, at Thomas's Point.
It contains an Episcopal church, a warehouse for
the inspection of Tobacco, and about 80 houses,
!n the vicinity are the celebrated cold waters of
Mount Misery. 52 m. S. S. W. Annapolis, 34 fr.
Washington.
Port Townshend, harbour in the gulf of Geor-
gia, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 237° 31'
E. Lat. 48" 3' N.
Port Fendre, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, on
a large gulf of the Mediterranean, 20 m. S, E.
Perpignan. Pop. 2,100.
Port Wells, harbour of Prince William's sound,
on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 60° 59' N.
Port William, p-t. and cap. Gallatin co. Ken-
tucky, at the conflux of Kentucky river with the
Ohio, 37 m. N. Frankfort. Pop. 120.
Port Yarroch, harbour of Scotland, on the W.
iiide of Wigton bay. Lon. 4° 24' W. Lat. 54°
49' N.
Portacamaro, t. Piedmont, 25 m. E. S. E. Turin.
Pop. 1,000.
Portadown, t. Ireland, in Armagh, 69 m. N. N.
W. Dublin, 16 N. Newry.
Portaferri/, t. Ireland, in Downco. at the en-
'rance of Strangford loch, opposite Strangford, 80^
31. N. N. E. Dublin.
Portage, co. in the N. E. part of Ohio, on Cu-
yahoga river. Pop. 2,995. Chief town, Ra-
venna.
Portage, t. Portage co. Ohio, 16 m. S. W. Ra-
renna.
Portage, or Carrying River, r. Ohio, which
runs into Lake Erie, 15 m. W. of Sandusky.
Portage des Sioux, t. St. Charles co. Missouri,
on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 6 m. above the
Vlissouri, 24 N. St. Louis.
Portage, Point, on the E. coast of New Bruns-
wick, forming the N. limit of Miramichi bay.
Partal dl St. Luis, t. Brazil, in Coyas, on the
■•iver Tocantin, 220 m. N. N. E. Villaboa. Lat.
13° 30' S.
Portalegre, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 96 m. E. by
JJ. Lisbon. Pop. 5,600. It is the see of a bishop.
Portaria, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 25 m. E.Phar-
lalia, 42 S. E. Larissa.
Portarlington, t. Ireland on the river Barrow,
partly in King's co, and partly in Queen's co. 31
P O R
595
m. N. Kilkenny, 36 S. W. Dublin. Lon. 7° 13' W.
Lat. 53° 9' N.
Portchester, v. Eng. in Southampton co. on the
N. side of Portsmouth harbour, 4 m. N. of Ports-
mouth.
Porte Cros, small isl. of France, belonging to
the Hieres group.
Portel, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, 13 m. N. N. W.
Mourao. Pop. 1,800.
Portendick, called by the Portuguese Porto
d'^Addi, s-p. W. Africa, on the coast of the Sahara,
120 m. N. from the mouth of the Senegal. Lat. 18°
6'N.
Porteole, t. Austrian states, 17 m. S. by E.
Trieste. Pop. 2,200.
Porter, t. Oxford co. Maine, 34 m. S. W. Pans.
Pop. 292.
Porter, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario,
N. of Buffalo.
Porter, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 6 mi
above Portsmouth.
Portete, harbour in the Carribbean sea, oQ
the coast of Caraccas. Lon. 71° 16' W. Lat.
12° N.
Portete, s-p. New Granada, 6 leagues E. Cape
la Vela.
Portezso, t. Austrian Italy, on the N.bank of the
lake of Lugano, 15 m. N. Como.
Portici, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on
the sea side, at the foot of mount Vesuvius. Be-
low the town of Portici lies buried the ancient city
of Herculaneum. 4 m. E. of Naples. Pop. 5,200.
Portland Isle, isl. or rather peninsula, Eng. m
Dorsetshire, in the English channel, opposite
Weymouth. It consists nearly of one continued
mass of freestone, of which vast quantities are ex-
ported to the metropolis and other places. Port-
land castle is of great strength, and completely
commands Weymouth road. 3 m. S. Weymouth,
133 S. W. London. Pop. 2,079.
Portland, t. Frontcnac co. Up. Canada.
Portland, p-t. and port of entry, Cumberland
CO. Maine, and capital of the state, is on a penin-
sula in Casco Bay, 54 m. N. N.E. Portsmouth, 118
N, N. E. Boston. The harbour is safe, easy of ac-
cess, and seldom frozen over, but is not large, and
requires considerable fortifications for its protec-
tion. A light-house was erected in 1790, on a
point of land called Portland Head, at the entrance
of the harbour. It is a stone edifice, 72 feet high.
The town is defended by Forts Preble and Scam-
mel, on opposite sides of the ship channel, and by
Fort Burrows at the east end of the town. Port-
land is by far the most considerable town of the
state in population, wealth, and commerce. It is
connected with an extensive and growing back
country, and exports lumber, beef, and fish in large
quantities. In 1815, it was the eighth town iu the
U. States in amount of shipping, the number of
tons being 30,411. Portland contains an elegant
court-house, an alms-house, 2 banks, an insurance
office, and 8 houses for public worship, 3 for Con-
gregationalists, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians,
1 for Methodists, and 1 for Friends. The town
was formerly included in Falmouth, and in 1775,
the principiil part of it was burnt by the British.
Pop. in 1810, 7,169; in 1820, 8,531.
Portland, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie,
9 m. from the head of Chatauque lake.
Portland, t. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, im-
mediately below Louisville. It was laid out partly
in 1814, and partly in 1817.
Portland Islands, small islandiWn the E. Indian
596
P O R
ocean, W. of New Hanover. Lon. 147" 18' 45" E.
Lat. 2° 36' S.
Portland Island, isl. near the E. coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 178° 12' E. Lat. 39° 25' S.
Portland Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's
islands. Lon. 164" 15' E. Lat. 10° 43' S.
Portland Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. of its entrance, 229° 42' E. Lat.
54° 42' N.
Portland Creek, small bay on the W. coast of
Newfoundland, 25 m. S. Pont Rich.
Portland Kay, small isl. near the S. coast of Ja-
maica, 2 m. E. Portland Point.
Portland Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76° 57' W. Lat. 17° 44' N.
Portland Point, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.
78°20'W. Lat. 58° 50' N.
Portlock. See Porlock.
PortlocWs Harbour, inlet on the W. side of King
George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 224° E.
Lat. 57" 44' N.
Pdrllogo, s-p. W. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon.
12°36°W. Lat. 8° 40' N.
Portnevf, barony, Hampshire co. Lower Cana-
da, on the St. Lawrence, 20 m. S. W. Quebec.
Portnevf, r. Lower Canada, which falls into
the St. Lawrence from the N. 35 m. above Que-
bec.
Porto, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, near
the mouth of the Tiber. It is the see of a bishop.
10 m. S. W. Rome. Lon. 12° 14' 25" E. Lat. 41°
46' 44" N.
Porto, L Austrian Italy, on the Adige, opposite
to Legnago.
Porto Bella, v. Scotland, on the frith of Forth,
2 m. S. E. Edinburgh.
Porto Bella, a noted seaport of South America,
on the N. coast of the isthmus of Darien, with an
excellent harbour. The climate of this city is bad
in the extreme. The population is inconsidera-
ble, being chiefly negroes and mulattoes, with
about thirty white families. 65 ra. N. Panama,
238 W. S. W. Carthagena. Lon. 79° 26' W. Lat.
10° 27' N.
Porto Bvfaleto, t. Austrian Italy, on the Liven-
za, 20 m. E. N. E. Treviso. Pop. 1,600.
Portu Cahello. See Cabello.
Porto de Cam, fort on the W. coast of Portugal,
6 m. N. N. W. Viana.
Porto Delphino. See Cerigo.
Porto Ercole, t. Tuscany, 30 m, N. W. Civita
Vecchia.
Porto Farina, s-p. Tunis. Lon. 10* 16' E. Lat.
36° 30' N.
Porto Ferrajo, the chief place of the island of
Elba, situated towards the W. coast of the island,
on a lofty point of land projecting into a bay. It
is a Ftrong place, and its harbour is commodious
and secure. It has acquired notoriety of late
years, as the residence of Bonaparte, from 4th
May 1814, to 26th February 1815, when he sailed
on his expedition to France. Lon. 10° 19' E. Lat.
42°49'N. I'op.3,0(m
Porto Fino, t. Sardinian states, 6 m. W. Chia-
rar-, J2S. E. Genoa.
Porto Greco, t. Naples, on the coast, 16 m. N.W.
Maifrevionia.
Porto di Lagoscuro, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, on the Po, 3 m. N. Ferrara.
Porto Longone, t. on the E. coast of the island
of Elba, 4 m. S. E. Porto Ferrajo. Pop. 1,500.
Porto Madera^barhouT on the E. coast of St.
Jago, one of the f5ape de Verd islands.
P O R
Porto Maggiore, t. Italy, in Ferrara, on the Ad-
riatic, 25 m. N. E. Bologna.
Porto Marin, t. Spain, in Galicia, on both sides
the river Minho, 45 m. E. St. Jago.
Porto Mauricia, t. Sardinian states, 56 m. S.W.
Genoa. Lon. 8° 3' E. Lat. 43° 55' N. Pop. 3,000.
Porto de Js'aos, harbour on the S. coast of Lan-
cerota, one of the Canary islands.
Porto JVovo, s-p. Benin, in W. Africa, where the
Portuguese have a factory. Lon. 1° 45' E. Lat.
6°24'N.
Porto JVoro, called by the Hindoos Parangui-
pet, or Fringypet, and by the Mussulmans, Moham-
ed Bunder, s-p. in the Carnatic. Lon. 79° 52' E.
Lat. 11°30'N.
Porto Paradiso, harbour on the E. coast of
Rhodes. Lon. 27° 45' E. Lat. 36° 25' N.
Porto Pin, s-p. Caramania, in A.Turkey. Lon.
33°54'E.
Porto Praya. See Praya.
Porto di Primaro, s-p. Italy, in the States of the
Church, at the influx of the Primaro into the Ad-
riatic. 9 m. N. Ravenna.
Porto del Principe, s-p. on the N. coast of the
island of Cuba, 300 m. S. E. Havannah.
Porto Re, t. Austrian states, on the Adriatic, 4
m. S. S. E. Buccari. Pop. 1,100.
Porto Rico, isl. in the W. Indies, belonging to
Spain, 60 m. E. Hispaniola ; about 140 miles long
from E. to W. and 36 broad from N. to S. It is
extremely fertile, and has a temperate climate.
Lon. 65° 30' to 67° 45' W. Lat. 18° to 18° 35' N.
Porto Rico, St. Juan de, cap. of the island of
Porto Rico, is on a peninsula on the N. coast of the
island, with a good harbour, defended by a citadel
and castle, populous, well built, and the see of a
bishop. Lon. 66° 20' W. Lat. 18° 30' N.
Porto Santo, isl. in the Atlantic, near Madeira,
15 m. in circumference. It has an excellent har-
bour. Lon. 16° 50' W. Lat. 33° N.
Porto de St. Pedro, s-p. Brazil, on the river
Iguay. Lon. 52° 6' W. Lat. 31° 55' S.
Porto Scus, or Porto Secco, t. Sardinia, near the
Capo di Cagliari, 36 m. W. Cagliari.
Poito Scgvro, a province of Brazil. Porto Segu-
ro, the capital, is on the sea coast. 92 m. S. Jorge,
286 N. N. E. Espiritu Santo. Lon. 39° 37' W.
Lat. 16° 7' S. Pop. 3,000.
Porto Tigani, port on the S. coast of the island
of Samos. Lon. 26° 54' E. Lat. 37° 44' N.
Porto de la Trinidad, port on the coast of New
Albion, in N. America. Lon. 236° 6' E. Lat. 4 1 "
3'N.
Porto Vecchio, t. in the island of Corsica, 33 m.
S. E. Aiaccio, 70 S. Bastia. Lon. 9° 16' 37" E.
Lat. 41° 35' 29" N. Pop. 1,300.
Porto Venere, s-p. Sardinian states, on the gulf
of Spezzia, 5 m. S. Spezzia. Lon. 9° 38' E. Lat.
44° 5' N. Pop. 700.
Portodal, or Porto d'.jQlly. See Portudal
Portcgruaro, t. Austrian Italy, at the confluence
of the Lemene and Reghena, 20 m. W. by S. Pal-
ma Nova. Pop. 4,000. It is the see of a bishop.
Pcrlopin, port of the Mediterranean, on the S .
W. side of Majorca, 2 m. S. Palma.
Portree, t. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, in the
island of Sky. Its harbour is capacious, with ex-
cellent anchorage, and well sheltered. Lon. 6° 7'
W. Lat. 57° 24' N.
Portsburgh, {Easter and Wester,) two suburbs
of Edinburgh, in Scotland.
Portsmouth, t. Eng. in Hants, and noted sea-
port in the English channcj, being the principal
P O R
rendezvous of the British navy. It is situated on
the W. side of the island of Portsea, at the mouth
of the bay termed Portsmouth harbour, and con-
sists of the old town of Portsmouth included with-
in its fortified walls, and the new town of Portsea.
Portsmouth is still the seat of the civil and military
establishments, but Portsea contains the vast es-
tablishments of the dock-yards. Portsmouth har-
bour excels decidedly every other in Great Bri-
tain for its capaciousness, depth, and security.
The largest ships may ride in it with safety in the
most violent storms, and without touching the
ground even at the lowest ebb. It is also capa-
ble, from its extent, of containing almost the whole
navy of England. Another capital advantage of
this harbour, is the neighbourhood of the famous
roadstead of Spithead, between Portsmouth and
the Isle of Wight, which is so spacious, that it can
contain 1000 sail of vessels in the greatest security.
The fortifications of the town are deemed impreg-
nable, and form, on the whole, the most regular
and complete fortress in Great Britain. Ports-
mouth dock-yard being the grand naval arsenal of
England, and the general rendezvous of the Brit-
ish fleet, is by far the largest in the kingdom, and
every attention has been paid to its extension and
improvement. During the war, upwards of 4,000
working men were employed in it, of whom 1,500
were ship-wrights and caulkers. Pop. of Ports-
mouth in 1811, 7,103 ; of Portsea, 31,365. Total
of the town and suburbs, 40,567. 72 m. S. W.
London. Lon. F6'W. Lat. 50" 47' N.
Porlsmouih, the largest town in New Hamp-
shire, and its only seaport, stands on the S. side of
Piscataqua river, about two miles from the sea.
It contains a court-house, jail, alms-house, female
asylum, athenaeum, academy, two market-houses,
5 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank, sev-
eral insurance offices, and 8 religious societies, 3
of CongrcgationaJists, 1 of Episcopalians, 1 of Bap-
tists, 1 of Methodists, 1 of Universalists, and 1 of
Sandemanians. This town has suffered severely
from fire. In Dec. 1802, 120 buildings were de-
stroyed; in Dec. 1806, 20, including St. John's
church; and in Dec. 1813, the fire swept over 15
acres, and destroyed 173 buildings. The parts
destroyed have since been rebuilt, and the appear-
ance of the town has been much improved.
The harbour of Portsmouth is one of the best in
the United States. It is landlocked on every side,
and perfectly safe, of sufficient depth for the larg-
est vessels at all times of the tide, and, owing to
the rapidity of the current, is never frozen. The
main entrance between the N. side of Great Isl-
and and the Kittery shore, is about a mile wide,
and 9 or 10 fathoms deep, and is well defended by
Fort Constitution and Fort M'Clary. The other
entrance, on the S. side of Great Island is called
Little Harbour, and the water here is shallow.
The harbour consists of two parts : the outer har-
bour is easy of access at all seasons of the year ;
but, owing to a very rapid tide in the narrows, a
large vessel cannot get to the inner harbour, ex-
cept with a fair wind ; and, for the same reason,
but few vessels can be safely moored there. There
is an island in the inner harbour, opposite the
town, on which is a United States' navy yard,
containing good timber docks, and all the con-
veniences for building ships of the largest class.
Several ships of the line have been built here.
Portsmouth is well situated for trade. The
amount of shipping owned here in 1315, was
30,411 tons. Pop. 6,934. 24 m. N. N. E. New-
buryport; 56 N. by E, Boston; 45 E. S. E. Con-
P O R
59t
cord ; 54 S. S. W. Portland. Lat. 43' 5' N. Lon.
70" 45' W.
Portsmouth, p-t. Newport co. R. I. on the N.
end of Rhode Island, 7 m. N. W. Newport. Pop.
1,795. Here is a coal mine.
Portsmouth, a pleasant, flourishing, and regu-
larly built t. in Norfolk co. Va. on the S. W, side
of Elizabeth river, opposite Norfolk, one mile dis-
tant from it. It contains a court-house, a jail, and
four churches, 1 each for Episcopalians, Baptists,
Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The courts
for the county are held here.
Portsmouth, s-p. Carteret co. N. Carolina, on
the N. end of Core-bank, near Ocrecoke inlet,
chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots.
Portsmouth, p-t. and cap Scioto co. Ohio, OQ
Scioto river, at its junction with the Ohio, 45 m.
S. ChilUcothe, 90 S. Columbus. It is well situa-
ted for trade, and contains a court-house, jail, and
bank.
Portsoy, s-p. Scotland, in Banffshire, on a point
of land projecting into the Moray frith, which
forms a safe harbour. 5i m. E. Cullen, 7i W.
Banff, Lon. 2" 36' VV. Lat. 57" 38' N.
Portudal, s-p. Baol, in W. Africa, on the Atlan-
tic, N. of the Gambia. Lon. 16" 56' W. Lat. 14"
36' N.
Portugal, kingdom, Europe, bounded by Spain
and the Atlantic, extends from 36° 56' la 42° 7'
N. lat. and from T 34' to 9" 30' W. lon. Its form
is oblong; its length from N. to S. 350 miles; its
average breadth about 120. The following was
the estimate of the extent and population in 1802 :
Provinces. Sq, miles. Pop.
Entre Douro Minho, 3,490 907,565
Tras los Montes, 5,450 318,605
Beira (central), 8,725 1,121,595
Estramadura, 9,855 826,680
Alentejo, 10,575 380,480
Algarva, 2,780 127,615
40,875 3,683,000
Several of the great mountain chains of Spain
penetrate into this country, intersect it from east
to west, and terminate in large promontories in the
Atlantic. The climate in Portugal is in gencfral
more mild and pleasant than in Spain. The pro-
ducts of the soil of Portugal arc very varied, from
the great variety of elevation. Wheat, barley,
oats, flax, hemp, are raised in the high grounds ;
vines and maize in those of warmer temperature ;
and rice in the iow grounds. The chief fruits are
olives, oranges, and lemons. Silk is made of very
good quality. For a long time past, the import
and export trade has been managed chiefly by
foreign merchants, particularly British, settled at
Lisbon and Oporto. The exports consist almost
entirely of raw produce, viz. wine, salt, and wool.
Of wine, the average value exported is nearly
2,000,000/. ; of salt, fully 300,000/. ; of wool, be-
low 100,000/. The imports are very various, viz.
corn, flour, fish, woollens, linen, cotton, lace,
hardware, hats, shoes, stockings, and manufac-
tures of almost every kind The religion of Por-
tugal is the Roman Catholic. There are two uni-
versities, one at Coimbra, and the other at Evora.
The revenue in Portugal and Brazil, is between
3,000,000/. and 4,000,000/. sterling; the public
debt, 12,000,000/. The naval force does not ex-
ceed 15 or 18 frigates. Portugal has, like Spain,
its Cortez or representative body, but they were
not assembled for more than 100 years previous to
the late revolution. On the removal of the royal
P o s
P O T
family to Rio Janeiro, the two councils of state at-
tended them, and the king was represented at Lis-
bon by a regency, the councils by committees.
Portugakle, t. Spain, on the coast of Biscay, 15
m. N. W. Bilbao. Lon. 2" 54' W. Lat. 43" 20 N.
Pop. 1,800.
Portuguezay r. S. America, in Veneznela, which
runs into the A pure.
Porzics, or Poritschen, t. Bohemia, 13 m. S. E.
Pilsen. Top. 80O.
Poschethon, or Possechon, t. Eu. Russia, in Ja-
roslav, 73 m. N. N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 1,700.
Poschega, palatinate of Sclavonia, lying be-
tween the Save and the Drave. Extent, 954 sq.
miles. Pop, 67,000.
Poschega, chief place of the above palatinate, is
on the river Orlova, 11 m. E. Gradisca, 160 S. by
W. Buda. Lon. 18° E. Lat. 45° 20' N. Pop.'
4,100.
Poschiavo, t. Switz. in the Grison country, 17
m.W.S.W. Bormio.
Posen, Grand Duchy of, a province of the Prus-
sian states, comprising that part of Poland which
■was restored to Prussia by the treaty of Vienna in
1815. It is bounded on the E. by the new state
called the kingdom of Poland, and on the S. and
W. by Silesia and Brandenburg. It lies between
lat. 51° 10' and 53° 32' N. and contains about
12,000 sq. miles, and a population of from 800,000
to 900,000. It is divided into the governments of
Posen and Bromburg.
Posen, Government of, one of the two govern-
ments into which the grand duchy is divided.
Area, 6,900 sq. miles. Pop. 545,000.
Posen, or Posnan, the capital of Prussian Po-
land, and a bishop's see, stands at the confluence
of the Proszna and the Wartha. It is surrounded
with a mound and ditch, and is built with tolera-
ble regularity. 144 m. E. Berlin, 166 W. War-
saw. Lon. 16° 33' 56" E. Lat. 54° 22' 39" N. Pop.
20,000.
Poseritz, v. Prussian states, in the island of Ru-
gen, 11 m. S. W. Bergen. Pop. 800.
Posey, t;o. Indiana, bordering on the Ohio and
the Wabash. Pop. 3,000. Chief town. Harmony.
Posing Bazin, or Pesojnck, t. Hvmgary, 11m.
N. N. E. Presburg. Pop. 3,700.
Positano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, on the
gulf of Salerno. Pop. 4,000.
Positra, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69° 17' E.
Lat. 22" 23' N.
Possagno, v. Austrian Italy, 20 m. N. N. W.
Treviso.
Po3sessio7i Bay, bay on the N. coast of the isl-
and of Georgia." Lon. 37° 18' W. Lat. 54° 5' S.
Possessioji Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan,
on the S. American shore. Lon. 69° 39' W. Lat.
52° 20' S.
Possession Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
4r40'E. Lat. 46" 30' S.
Possession Island, isl. near the N. point of New
Holland, 20 m. N. York Cape. Lon. 218° 21' W.
Lat. 10" 33' S.
Possession Point, cape on the N. W. coast of A-
merica, and E. coast of Cook's inlet. Lon. 209°
12' E. Lat. 61° 3' N.
Posscssio7i Point, cape on the 3. W. coast *f
New Holland. Lon. 118° 12' E. Lat. 35" 2' S.
Possneck, t. Germany, in Saxe-Cobourg, 53 m.
S. S. W. Leipsic. Pop. 3,000.
Po!=ta, Fort de, fort on the W. coast of Portugal,
5 m. N. Viana.
Postelberg, v. Bohemia, on the Eger, 6 m. N. E.
Saatz, 36 W. N W. Prague. Fop. IjOOO.
Postheny, Puschtin, or Pistian, t. Hungafjr^
Lon. 18° 8' 35" E. Lat. 48° 36' 8" N.
Post-hill, p-v. Morgan co. Geo.
Posthorse, isl. near the W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119° 18' E. Lat. 6° N. ■
Postiglione, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra,
15 m. VV. Cangiano. Pop. 1,900.
Postillions, chain of rocks in the Eastern seas,
about 60 miles long, from N. W. to S. E. Lon.
119" 18' to 119" 54' E. Lat. 6° 15' to 6° 48' S.
Potatoe River, r. Missouri, which falls into the
S. side of Osage.
Potenza, t. Naples, in the Basilicata. It is the
see of a bishop. 54 m. S. E. Benevento, 73 E.
Naples.
Poles, t. Spain, in Asturia, 30 m. W. S. W. San-
tillana.
Pott, t. G Uriel, in the W. part of Caucasus, on
the left bank of the Phasis, near its junction with
the Euxine. It is now in the possession of the
Russians. 80 m. W. S. W. Cotatis.
Polaka. See Petoka.
Potomac, r. U. States, which rises in the AUe^
ghany mountains, and during its whole course is
the boundary between Maryland and Virginia.
It falls into Chesapeake bay between Point Look-
out and Smith's point, by a mouth 7i miles wide.
It is navigable for ships of the greatest burden, 300
miles, to the city of Washington, 3 m. below the
head of the tide. The obstructions to the naviga-
tion above the city of Washington are, 1. Little
falls, 3 miles above the city, which descend 37
feet, and have been surmounted by a canal 2^
miles long, with three locks. 2. Great falls, 8^
miles further up, around which is a canal, one
mile long, descending 76 feet by 5 locks. 3. Sen-
eca falls, 6 miles above, which descend 10 feet.
4. Shenandoah falls, 60 miles further up, where
the Potomac breaks through the Blue Ridge. 5.
Houre's falls, 5 miles above the Shenandoah falls.
Canals have been dug around all these falls. The
whole descent of the Potomac, from the mouth of
Savage river to Cumberland, a distance of 31
miles, is 445 feet; from Cumberland to the She-
nandoah falls, 130 miles, it is 490 feet; at the
Shenandoah, 43 feet in 5i miles ; from the She-
nandoah to Great falls, 39 feet in 40 miles ; and
between the Great falls and tide water, 143 feet
in 12 miles ; making the whole descent, from the
mouth of Savage river, to tide water, 1,160 feet
in a distance of 219 miles.
Potosi, formerly Mine-au-Burlon, p-t. and cap.
Washington co. "Missouri, 60 m. W. S. W. St.
Louis, 45 W. St. Genevipve. It is in the centre
of about 40 lead mines, which lie within a circle
of 20 miles, and from which there has been made,
during 18 years, 9,360,000 lbs. of lead.
Potosi, a city, S. America, and cap. of a govern-
ment of the same name, in the viceroyalty of Bue-
nos Ayres, celebrated for the richest silver mines
in the world. It has a mint, six convents, two
nunneries, a college, and an hospital : and its in-
habitants are still chiefly concerned in the work-
ing of the mines, and consist of whites, mestizoes,
and Indians. The celebrated mines of Potosi are
in the same mountain on which the city is built.
This mountain is about 18 miles in circumference;
it is of a sharp (conical figure, rising to the height
of 4,360 feet above the plain. Above 300 mines
or pits are worked, but all of them irregularly.
Nothing can equal the ignorance with which the
mining is carried on. The mint of Potosi coined
in 1790, 299,246 piastres of gold, and 3,293,173 of
silver, or 886,620^. sterling. From the discovery
P O V
of the mines, in 1545, till 1803, they have^upplied
1,095,500,000 piasters, or 237,358,334/. sterling,
which has paid the royal duties ; and this only in-
cludes silver. 1,617 m. N. W. Buenos Ayres, 45
W. b. VV. La Plata. Lon. 67° 22' W. Lat. 19" 47'
S. Pop. variously estimated from 30,000 to
100,000.
Potosi, San Luis, a province of New Spain,
•which comprehends the whole of the N. E. part
of the kingdom. On the S. it is bounded by the
intendancies of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Guanax-
uato; on the E. by the gulf of Mexico; and on the
W. by Zacalecas and Durango. Extent, more
than 200,000 sq. miles. Pop. 334,000.
Potosi, San I^uis, t. Mexico, cap. of the above
intendancy. Lon. 100" 41' W, Lat. 22° N. Pop.
12,000.
Potro, r. Quito, which falls into the Amazons on
the S. in lat. 4" 44' S.
Potschinki, t. Eu. Russia, in Nischnei-Novgo-
rod, 1 17 m. S. S. E. Nischnei-Novgorod. Pop.
4,000.
Potsdam, a province of the Prussian states, in
Brandenburg, comprehending the districts for-
merly termed the Ucker Mark, the fTgirk of Pri-
egnitz, and the greatest part of the Middle Mark.
It lies between Pomerania and West Prussia on
the N. and the province of Saxony on the S. and
W. The city of Berlin, with a small district ly-
ing around it, forms a distinct government. Area,
about 8,000 square miles. Pop. 488,000.
Potsdam, the chief town of the above govern-
ment, is on the N. bank of the Havel. It is to
Berlin, what Versailles is to Paris, having been,
since the close of the 17th century, the occasional
residence of the court. It is surrounded by a wall
and ditch. The palace, on the bank of the
Havel, is a magnificent structure. Pop. about
17,000, exclusive of military. The palace of Sans
Souci, the favourite retreat of Frederick II., is
three-quarters of a mile to the N. W. of Potsdam.
15 m. W. S. W. Berlin, 61 E. N. E. Dresden. Lon.
12° 5' 1" E. Lat. 52" 24' 43" N.
Potsdam, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 90 m. W.
Plattsburg, 150 N. N. W. Albany. Pop. 928. The
village stands on Racket river, which has a fall
here, affording good mill seats.
Pottendorf, t. Austria, 21 m. S. Vienna. Pop.
2,000.
Pottenstein, t. Austria, 20 m. S. S. W. Vienna.
Pop. 1,900.
Potter, CO. in the N. part of Pennsylvania. Pop.
1,584. Chief town, Cowdersport.
Potter, t. Potter co. Pa. Pop. 29.
Potter, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 1,584.
Potter's Mills, p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Potterstown, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 5 m. E.
Lebanon, 22 N. W. New-Brunswick.
Pottiesville, p-v. Louisa co. Va.
Pottmes, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. N. E. Augsburg.
Pop. 1,000.
Potion, or Potten, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, 12
Bi. E. Bedford, 48 N. by W. London. Pop. 1,154.
. Potion, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties, Low-
er Canada, on Lake Memphramagog.
Pottsgrove, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,571.
Pottstoivn, t. and borough Montgomery co. Pa.
Potz-JVeusiedel. See Laitluifahi.
Pouance, t. France, in Msdne-and-Loire, 34 m.
N.W. Angers. Pop. 1,300.
Poverty Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Zeal-
and, in the S. Pacific ocean. Loa. 181° 36' W. Lat.
38" 42' P.
P o w
599
Poughkeepsie, p-t. and cap. Dutchess co. N. Y.
stands on the E. bank of Hudson river, 85 m. S.
of Albany, 75 N. of New- York. Fall creek, and
Wappinger's creek pass through the town, and
afford numerous sites for mills and manufacto-
ries. There are 5 landings on the Hudson, with
convenient store-houses and wharves, and the
trade is very extensive. At the village of Barne-
gat, in the S. W. part of the township, lime is
made, which has a high reputation. The village
of Poughkeepsie is on a plain nearly one mile E.
of the Hudson, and contained in 1812, an elegant
court-house and jail, an academy, 5 houses of pub-
lic worship, 2 printing offices, and 471 houses and
stores. Many of the old houses are of stone, but
those recently built are principally of wood or
brick. Pop. of the village, 2,981 ; of the town,
4,670.
Pougomo, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At-
lantic in lat. 9° N.
Pougues, t. France, in Nievro, 7 m. N. N. W.
Nevers. Pop. 1,000.
Pouillon, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. N. Dax.
Pop. 2,800.
Pouilly, t. France, on the Loire, in Nievre, 9 m.
S. Cosne, 22 N. by W. Nevers. Pop. 2,400.
Poujol, t. France, in Herault, 20 m. N. W. Be-
ziers. Pop. 1,000.
Poule, Cape, cape, Sardinia, forming the W,
point or limit of the gulf of Cagliari.
PouUney, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Poultney riv-
er, 37 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,904.
Poulton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 18 m. S. W.
Lancaster, 231 N. N. W. London. Pop. 3,390.
Poumaron River, r. Dutch Guiana, which en-
ters the Atlantic in lat. 7° 34' N. lon. 58° 47' W.
Poundridge, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 5 m. E;
Bedford. Pop. 1,249.
Poroa, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N. W. Co-
imbra.
Povoa, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the Ta ■
gus, 2 m. N. Lisbon.
Poussan, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. S. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 1,300.
Powally, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 77° 59'
E. Lat. 9° 39' N.
Poxcanghur, fort. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73"
39' E. Lat. 22° 31' N.
PoweWs Key, small isl. among the Bahamas;.
Lon. 77° 30' W. Lat. 26° 45' N.
PoiveWs Point, cape on the coast of N. Carolina,
at the entrance into Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 4
W. Lat. 36° 1' N.
PoweWs Point, cape of Virginia, in James riv
er. Lon. 76° 24' W. Lat. 37° 2' N.
Poioeli's River, r. which rises from Powell'.'-
mountain, in Virginia, passes into Tennessee, and
joins Clinch river 38 m. N. E. Kuoxville. It is
said to be navigable for boats nearly 100 miles.
Powells Valley, valley between Powell's and
Cumberland mountains, 80 or 90 miles long, and
from 10 to 18 wide, nearly equally divided be-
tween Virginia and Tennessee.
Powelton, p-t. Hancock co. Geo. on the Ogee-
chee, about 40 m. above Louisville, 15 N. Spar-
ta. It has a flourishing academy, and two church-
es.
Powhatan, co. Va. bounded N. by James river,
E. by Chesterfield co. S. by the Appomatox, atsO
W. by Cumberland CO. Pop. 3,073. Fbvps, 5.09r>
Chief town, Scottsville.
iPowitdsisk. See Pudetcih:
em
P R A
PRE
Pownal, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 18 m. N.
E. Portland.
Pownal, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 6 m. S. Ben-
nington. Pop. 1,655.
PownaVs Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labra-
dor. Lon. 61" 15' W. Lat. 57" 10' N.
Pouow, r. N. H. which rises in N. Hampshire,
and runs into the Merrimack in Massachusetts,
between Salisbury and Amesbury. Near its mouth
it falls, in the course of 50 rods, 100 feet. Many
mills are erected here, and the scenery is uncom-
monly romantic.
Poyais, t. Mexico, in Honduras, 110 m. W. N.
W. Secklong, 55 S. Cape Cameron.
Poysdorf, t Austria, 33 m. N. by E. Vienna.
Pop. 3,900.
Pozon, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
near the W. coast of Leyta. Lon. 124° 24' E. Lat.
10M3'N.
Pozzolengo, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. N. W.
Verona. Pop. 2,000.
Pozzol Formigaro, i. Italy, 2 m. N. Novi. Pop.
2,400.
Pozzuoli. See Puzzuolo.
Pracels, small islands in the Chinese sea, 60 m.
E. Cochin China. Lon. 110" to 111" E. Lat. 11"
40' to 16" 10' N.
Prachatitz, t. Bohemia, 76 m. S- by W. Prague.
Pop. 2,300.
Prachin, one of the circles into which Bohemia
is divided, in the S. W. corner of the kingdom.
Area, 1,820 square miles. Pop. 210,000. The
chief town is Piseck.
Prada, t. Austrian Italy, 3 m. S. Chiavenna.
Pradelles,t France, 18 m.S.Le Puy. Pop. 1,200.
Pradci, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 26 m.
W. by S. Perpignan. Pop. 2,400.
Prades, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 22 m. N. W.
Tarragona.
Prcestoe, s-p. Denmark, on the S. E. coast of
Zealand, 42 m. S. S. W. Copenhagen.
Praga, t. Poland, on the Vistula, opposite War-
saw, with which it communicates by a bridge of
boats.
Pragge, i. Birman empire, in Pegu. Lat. 17°
23' N.
Prague, the capital of Bohemia, is on both sides
of the Moldau, and surrounded by a moat and
earthen mound. It is the seat of the government
offices of Bohemia, and of the courts of justice, as
well as the military head quarters. It is also the
general rendezvous of the families of the nobility
and gentry. Of the population, computed at 85,000,
nearly 7,000 are Jews, and about 5,<>00 strangers.
The university is the oldest in Germany, having
been founded in 1348. The present number of
professors is about 40; that of students 900. The
public library contains above 100,000 volumes.
Linen, cotton, and silk, are manufactured exten-
sively at Prague. 144 m. N, N. W. Vienna, 75
S. S. E. Dresden. Lon. (of the observatory) 14° 25'
10" E. Lat. 50° 5' 23" N.
Prairie, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 5 m. S. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819, 690.
Prairie de laMadelaine. See La Prairie.
Prairie du Chien, settlement, North West Ter-
ritory, at the confluence of the Ouisconsin with
the Mississippi. It is built principally on the Mis-
sissippi, about 5 miles above the mouth of the
Ouisconsin. It was originally settled by the French,
who generally intermarried with the Indians, and
the present inhabitants, amounting to between 300
and 400, are almost entirely of mixed blood. In
the spring and autumn, numerous traders resori^
here, as well as Indians of different tribes engaged
in the fur trade. Above the settlement stands
J'ort Crawford, which is a strong fort, and well
garrisoned.
Prairie du Rocher, t. Randolph co. Illinois, 5 m.
from the Mississippi, 12 N, Kaskaskia. Pop. about
400,
Prallsville, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Pram Pram, s-p. on the Gold coast of Africa, 30
m. E. S. E. Accra.
Praslin, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. S. W. Bar sur
Seine.
Praslin, isl. in the Indian sea, one of the group
called the Sechelles. Lon. 55" 47' E. Lat. 4° 19' S.
Prasomisi, small isl. in Greece, near the en-
trance of the gulf of Salonica, 16 m. S. E. Scopelos.
Prassoude, small isl. of Greece, at the entrance
of the gulf of Salonica, 3 m. from the coast of Mag-
nesia.
Prasto, t. Greece, in the Morea, 16 m. N. by E.
Misitra.
Pratas, islets in the Chinese sea, 300 m. S. S. E.
Canton. Lon. 116"43'E. Lat. 19" 32' N.
Prato, tfTuscany, on the Bisenzio, 6 m. S. E.
Pistoja, 9 N. N. W. Florence. Pop. 10,500.
Prato, v. Svvitz. in Ticino, 21 m. S. by W. Lo-
carno.
Prato Vecchio, t. Italy, 23 m. E. Florence.
Prats de Molo, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees,
14 m. W. S. W. Ceret. Pop. 3,000.
Prattein or Bratieln, v. Switz. near Bale.
Pratisburg, t. Steuben co. N. Y.
Prattsrilk, p-v. Alleghany co. Md.
Pralz del Rey, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N.
Manresa.
Pratzen, v. Austrian state?, in Moravia, 3 m.,
W. Austerlitz.
Prausska, or Prasska, L Poland, on the Prosna,
50 m. S. by E. Kalisch. Pop. 800.
Praussnitz, t. Prussian Silesia, 18 m. N. Bres-
lau. Pop. 1,800.
Prauszka, or Praszka, t. Poland, 50 m. S. by E.
Kalisch. Pop. 800.
Pray a, s-p. and cap. of the island of Tercera,
one of the Azores. Pop. 3,000.
Praya, t. Ardra, on the slave coast of Africa, 30
m. N. E. Grand Popo.
Praya, Porto, cap. of St. Jago, one of the Capp
de Verd islands off the coast of Africa. The bay
is of easy access, and the anchorage safe. A fort
placed on the summit of a hill, commands the har-
bour. It is the residence of the governor-genera'
of the Portuguese settlements.
Preble, co. in the W. part of Ohio. Pop. in 18. <
5,335. Chief town, Eaton.
Preble, p-t. Cortlandtco. N. Y. 150 m. W. A.
bany. Pop. 1,080.
Prechac, t. France, in Gironde, 34 m. S. S. L.
Bourdcaux. Pop. 2,700.
Precigne, t. France, in Sarthe, 6 m. S. Sable,
14 W.by N. La Fleche. Pop. 2,100.
Precopia, Orkub, or Urkup, t. Eu. Turkey, 16
m. W. Nissa. Lon. 21" 20^ E. Lat. 43" 30' N. Pop.
6,000.
Precs, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 9 m. N. E. Kiel.
Pop. 3,100.
Predom. See Pridemost.
Pregel, r. East Prussia, formed by the junction
of the Angerap and the Pissa, which falls into the
Frische Haff, below Konigsberg. Near that city
it is above 300 feet in width, and of sufficient
depth to admit large vessels, were they not pre-,
vented catering by a bar at its mouth.
PRE
Preluka, s-p. Austrian states, in Istria, on the
.Adriatic, near Castua.
Premefi/, t. France, on the river Nievre, 14 m.
E. La Charite, 17 N. E. Nevers. Pop. 1,300.
Premislau, See Przemysl.
Prenn, t. Poland, 23 m. E. N. E. Marianpol.
Lon. 23" 59' 35" E. Lat. 53° 37' 23" N. Pop.
1,300.
Prenzlow, t. Prussian states, on the Ucker, 73
m. N. N. VV. Frankfort on the Oder, 56 N. N. E.
Berlin. Lou. 13° 53' E. Lat. 53" IT N. Pop.
8,000.
Preparis, the most northern of the Andaman
islands, in the entrance of the bay of Bengal. Lon.
93° 40' E. Lat. 14° 50' N.
Prerau, a circle of Moravia, bordering on Aus-
trian Silesia. Area, 1,210 square miles. Pop.
215,000. Prerau, the capital, is 13 m. S. E. Ol-
mutz, 140 E. S. E. Prague. Pop. 2,300.
Prerau, Old, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 18 m. E.
by N. Prague.
Presall, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5i m. N. by W.
Poulton. Pop. 589.
Presburg, or Posonyi-Varmegye, a palatinate of
Hungary, in the angle formed by the March and
the Danube, at their junction. Area, 1,740 sq.
miles. Pop. 2W,000.
Presburg, or Posony, a large t. Hungary, on the
N. bank of the Danube, on a hill of moderate ele-
vation, overlooking a vast plain. The Danube,
here nearly half a mile wide, is crossed by a flying
bridge. The fortifications have been demolished.
It was here that a treaty was concluded between
France and Austria, 26th December, 1805. 38
m. E. by S. Vienna, 107 W. xN. W. Pesth. Lon.
17° 10' E. Lat. 48° 8' N. Pop. 30,000.
Prescot, t. Eng. in Lancaster co. 8 m. E. Liver-
pool, 198 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 48' W. Lat.
53° 26' N. Pop. 3,675.
Prescolt, V. Up. Canada, in Greenville co. on
the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogdensburg.
Presque Isle. See Erie.
Presfjue Isle, r. N. W. Territory, which runs
into Lake Superior, between Montreal and On-
tanagon rivers. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth.
Presquis, Point de la, cape on the N. W. coast
of Hispaniola. Lon. 74° 4' W. Lat. 19° 52' N.
Pressas, or Praissas, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga-
ronne, 9 m. N. VV. Agen. Pop. 1,600.
Pressath, t. Bavaria, 21 m. N. Amberg. Pop.
1,500.
Pressigny, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 33 m.
S. Tours. Pop. 1,000.
Pressnits, or Brzeznicze, t. Bohemia, 22 m. W.
N. W. Saatz. Pop. 2,300.
Presteigne, borough t. Wales, in Radnor co. near
the S. bank of the Lug, 30 m. W. N. W. Worces-
ter. Lon. 2° 59' W. Lat. 53° 16' N. Pop. 1,114.
Preston, v. Scotland, in Haddingtonshire, 8 m.
E. Edinburgh.
Preston, borough t. in Lancashire, Eng. on the
Ribble, about 15 miles from its mouth. During
the last 20 or 30 years it has become the seat of
very extensive manufacturing establishments, and
has very rapidly increased. In 1790, the pop-
ulation was generally estimated at 6,000 ; in
1801, 11,887 ; in 1811, 17,065 ; and in July 1819,
21,958. 31 m. from Liverpool, 22 S. Lancaster,
214 N. W. London.
Preston, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 2 m. S. White-
haven. Pop. 3,261.
Pre'.fov^v-i. ^ew -London co. Ct. on the E. side
76
P R I
601
of the Quiiiebaug, 44 m. S. E. Hartford. Pop.
3,284.
Preston, L Chenango co. N. Y. 5 m. W. Nor-
wich, 115 W. Albany. Pop. 1,008.
Preston, co. Virginia, formed in 1818, of a part
of Monongalia county.
Preston, p-v. Harrison co. Va.
Preston-kirk, v. Scotland, in East Lothian, 5 m.
E. Haddington. Pop. 500.
Prcstonpans, t. Scotland, in Haddingtonshire,
noted for its salt-works. Here sir John Cope was
defeated in 1745, by the Highlanders. 8 m. E.
Edinburg, 9.i N. W. Haddington. Pop. 1,964.
Preston' sburg, t. Floyd co. Ken. Here is an
academy, incorpoi-ated in 1820.
Presumscut, small r. Cumberland co. Maine,
which is fed by Sebacook lake, and empties into
Casco bay.
Pretsch, t. Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg, on
the Elbe, 9 m. S. S. E. Wittenberg. Pop. 1, 100.
Prevesa, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, at the
entrance of the gulf of Arta. 45 m. S. by W. Jo-
annina. Lon. 20° 46' E. Lat.39"22'N. Pop.8,000,
chiefly Greeks.
Prevesa, Gulf of. See ^ria.
Preuilly, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 40 m.
N. by E. Tours. Pop. 1,700.
Prewald, t. Austrian states, in Carniola, 20 m.
E. N. E. Trieste.
Prexil, small isl. near the N. coast of Jamaica:.
Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat. 18° 27' N.
Preye, or Prye, s-p. of W. Africa, in Cantore.
Pres en Pail, t. France, 14 m. W. Alencon^
Pop. 2,300.
Priaman, t. Sumatra, on the W. coast Lon. 99"
43' E. Lat. 0° 36' S.
Pribilina, v. Hungary, 28 m. W. N. W. Kes-
mark. Pop. 1,000.
Price's Mills, p-v. Louisa co. Va.
Price's Store, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C.
Prickly Pear, small isl. near the N. coast of An-
tigua. Lon. 61° 30' W. Lat. 17° 18' N.
Pridemost, or Predom, v. Prussian states, 13 in»
S. E. Great Glogau. Pop. 900.
Priebus, or Prybus, t. Prussian states, in Lieg-
nitz, 15 m. S. W. Sagan. Pop. 800.
Priegnitz, or the Vormark, the former name of
a district of the marquisate of Brandenburg,
bounded by the Elbe on the S. W. and by the
grand duchy of Mecklenburg on the N. Its su-
perficial extent is about 1,300 square miles; its
population nearly 80,000. It is now included in
the government of Potsdam.
Priego, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 11 m. K. Luce-
na. Pop. 2,500.
Priestholm, small isl. in the Irish sea, near the
N. E. coast of the island of Anglesey, 5 m. N. 'E^.
Beaumaris, 14 N. W. Conway bay.
Prieto, Cape, cape in the N. of Spain, on the
coast of Asturias. Lon. 4° 53' W. Lat. 43° 38' N.
Priluki, t. Eu. Russia, in Poltava, on the river
Udai, 80 m. S. S. E. Czernigov, 128 W. N. W.
Poltava. Lon. 32° 44' E. Lat.51°3'N. Pop. 2,500.
Primeiras, small islands near the E. coast of
Africa. Lon. 35" 25' E. Lat. 17° 45' S.
Primkenau, t. Prussian states, 14 m. S. W. Great
Glogau. Pop. 1,000.
Primolano, t. Austrian Italy, 25 m. S. Treat.
Primorie, district, Austrian Dalmatia. Pop.
15,000. Chief town, Macarsca.
Prince's Island, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the.
N. W. extremity of Java, at the distance of about
two leagues. Loo, 105° 15' E. Lat. 6° 25' S,
602
P R I
Prince's hland, isl. off the W. coast ol Africa,
in the gulf of Benin, 90 miles in circumference.
Lon.7°10'E. Lat. rsO'N.
Princess Islands, 4 small islands in the sea of
Marmora, near the straits of Constantinople, 20
m. from Constantinople.
Prince ErnesCs Sound, inlet on the N. W.
coast of America, which branches off to the N. E.
from the Duke of Clarence's strait, and separates
the Duke of York's island on the S. E. from the
continental shore. It is from 1 to 6 miles broad.
Prince Edward, co. Upper Canada, is a penin-
sula, with some neighbouring islands, lying be-
tween the bay of Quinti and lake Ontario.
Prince Edward, co. Va. Pop. 12,409. Slaves,
6,996. At the court-house is a post-office.
Prince Edward^ s Islands. See iS^ John's.
Prince Frederick, t. Calvert co. Md. 3 m. S.
Huntington, 40 S. W. Annapolis.
Prince Frederick, parish, Georgetown district,
S.C.
Prince Frederick'' s Sound, inlet of the N. W.
coast of America. Lon, 225" 42' to 227" 20' E. Lat.
66" 52' to 57" 12' N.
Prince George, co. on the western shore of Md.
bounded N. E. by Anne Arundell co. E. by Cal-
vert CO. S. by Charles co. W. by the Potomac,
and N. W. by the district of Columbia, and Mont-
gomery co. Pop. 20,589. Slaves, 9,189. Chief
town, Upper Marlborough.
Prince George, co. Va. on the S. side of James
river. Pop. 8,050. Slaves, 4,486.
• Prince Ruperfs Head, cape on the W. coast of
Dominica. Lon. 61" 31' W. Lat. 15" 42^ N.
Prince of Wales' Archipelago, large isl. in the
Pacific ocean, 110 miles long from N. W. to S. E.
and from 30 to 40 broad. Lon. 226" 20' to 228" 26'
E. Lat.54"42'to56°21'N.
Prinze of Wales, Cape, the N. W. extremity of
the American continent, opposite East Cape, on
the shore of Asia. Lon. 191" 45' E. Lat. 65" 46' N.
Prince of Wales'' Foreland, cape on the E. coast
<rf Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 72" 22' E. Lat. 49"
39' S.
Prince of Wales'' Foreland, the S. point of New
Caladonia. Lon. 166° 57' E. Lat. 22" 29' S.
Prince of Wales' Fori, fort, N. America, on
Cliurchill river, belonging to the Hudson Bay
Company. Lon. 94" 7' W. Lat. 58" 47' N.
Prince of Wales'' Islands, islands, supposed to
extend from New Holland to New Guinea.
Prince of Wales'' Island, isl. in Pacific ocean,
€0 miles long. Lon. 151" 53' W. Lat. 15" S.
Prince of Wales' Isla7id, called also Pulo Pinang,
or Betel J^ut Island, isl. off the W. coast of the
Malay peninsula, from which it is separated by a
narrow strait, about two miles broad, which
forms the harbour, and affords excellent anchor-
age for the largest ships. A small detachment of
English troops from Calcutta, took possession of
the island in the name of his majesty, and for the
use of the East India company, on the 12th of Au-
gust 1786; and it has since rapidly increased in
population and importance. In 1805, the inhab-
itants of all descriptions were estimated at 14,000,
and have since been increasing. Here are to be
seen Britisli, Dutch, Portuguese, Americans,
Arabs, Parsees, Chinese, Chulias, Malays, Bug-
gesses, Birmans, Siamese, Javanese, &c. kc.
The liast India Company's ships bound to China,
touch here, and load large quanties of tin, canes,
rattans, sago, pepper, betel-nut, &c. for the Chi-
na market ; and in this small island now centres
P R I
the whole trade of the straits of Malacca and ad'
jacent islands. The value of the goods imported
from England, amounted in 1807, to 76,000/.; in
1810, to 38,253Z. The London Missionary Socie-
ty have two missionaries here. Lon. of the N. E.
point, 100" 19' E. Lat. 5" 25' N.
Prince William, t. York co. New Brunswick,
on the W. side of the river St. John.
Prince William, co. Va. on the Potomac. Pop.
11,311. Slaves, 5,220. Chief town, Haymarket,
Prince William, parish, Beaulbrt district, S.C.
Prince William'' s Islands, islands in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 179" E. Lat. 17" 19' S.
Pri7ice William's Sound, a great inlet of the
Pacific ocean, on the N. American coast, which
occupies at least a degree and a half of latitude^
and two of longitude. It requires the greatest
circumspection to navigate it, on account of the
rocks and shoals. Lon. 147" W. Lat. 20° to
61" N.
Prince William Henry'' s Island, isl. in the Pacif-
ic ocean, about 70 miles in circumference. Lon.
149"30'E. Lat. 1"32'S.
Princess Ann, p-t. and cap. Somerset co. Md. on
Manokin creek, 40 m. S. Cambridge. It is one of
the best built towns on the Eastern shore of Ma-
ryland. The public buildings are a court-house
and jail, a bank, and 3 churches, 1 for Presbyteri-
ans, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists.
Princess Ann, co. Va. on Chesapeake bay and
the Atlantic. Pop. 4,699. Slaves, 3,926. Chief
town, Kempsville.
Princess Royal's Harbour, a harbour on the S.
W. coast of New Holland, and W. part of King
George the Third's sound. Lon. 1 18° S' E. Lat.
35" 3' S.
Prince RoyaVs Islands, a group of islands on thr
W. coast of N. America, E. of Queen Charlotte'
islands, with a navigable channel between.
Princeton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 16 m. N.
Worcester, 52 W. by N. Boston. Pop. 1,062.
Wachusett mountain is in the N. part of the town.
It is 2,989 feet above the level of the sea.
Princeton, p-t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 7 m. W.
Schenectady. Pop. 826.
Princeton, p-t. N. J. partly in Middlesex co. and
partly in Somerset co. 11 m. N. E. Trenton, 16 S.
W. New Brunswick, 40 N. E. Philadelphia, 50 S.
W. New-York. Lat. 40° 22' N. Lon. 74" 35' W.
It is a pleasant town, and contains a College, a
Theological Seminary, a brick Presbyterian
church, and about 100 dwelling houses.
The college of New-Jersey in this place was
founded in 1738, and has always been one of the
most respectable and flourishing litereiry institu-
tions in the country. In 1820, it had a president^
who also instructed in the Holy Scriptures, the
Evidences of Divine Revelation, Moral Philoso-
phy, and Logick ; a vice-president, who was also
professor of languages and belles lettres ; a pro-
fessor of mathematics and mechanical philosophy ;
a professor of chemistry, experimental philosophy,
and natural history; 3 tutors, and 121 students
The college library contains about 8,000 volumes;
the philosophical apparatus is complete, and in-
cludes an elegant orrery, constructed by Mr. Rit-
tenhouse ; the cabinet of mineralogy and natural
history is valuable. The college edifice is styled
Nassau Hall, in honour of the Prince of Orange,
It is of stone, is 180 feet long, 52 broad, and 4 sto-
ries high, and contains a chapel and 60 rooms for
students. Besides the principal building, there
arc 2 wings, each 60 feet by 30, containing the li-
P R I
brary, lecitation rooms, &c. The wliolc number
of alumni of the college in 1815, was 1,423, of
whom 1,023 were then living. The necessary an-
nual expenses of each student, exclusive of clothes,
books, and pocket-money, amount to $225. The
requisites for admission into the freshman class,
are a knowledge of Caesar's commentaries, Sallust,
select parts of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Virgil, Cice-
ro's Orations, the Greek Testament, Graeca Mi-
nora, Clarke's or Mair's Introduction to the mak-
ing of Latin, Arithmetic, English grammar, and
Geography. The annual commencement is on
the last Wednesday of September. The fall vaca-
tion begins the day after commencement, and ex-
pires in 6 weeks. The spring vacation begins on
the first Thursday after the second Tuesday in
April, and expires in 4 weeks.
A Theological Seminary was established in this
place m 1812, by the General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church. It has 2 professors, one of
didactic and polemic Theology, the other of Eccle-
siastical history ; a partial provision has also been
made tor instruction in Oriental and and Biblical
Literature. The edifice for the accommodation of
the institution is an elegant stone building 150
feet by 50, four stories high, and containing rooms
for 100 students. The term of study is 3 years.
Tuition and the use of the library are afforded
gratis to all the students, and there are funds for
the support of the indigent. The number of stu-
dents in 1821, was 73. During the sessions of the
General Assembly of the Presbyterian church, and
the General Synod of the Associate Reformed
church in the spring of 1821, a plan v/as adopted
to effect a union of the two churches and of their
respective Theological Seminaries. The library
of the Associate Reformed Church's Theological
Seminary, now established in New- York, and con-
sisting of 4,000 valuable volumes, (which cost
$17,000,) according to this plan, is to be trans-
ferred to Princeton, and the funds of the two in-
stitutions are also to be united. Nothing is want-
ing to complete the union but the concurrence of
the Presbyteries of the Associate Reformed
church, of which there is little doubt,
Princeton, p-t. Caldwell co. Ken.
Princeton, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, G m. E. Hamil-
ton.
Princeton, p-t. and cap. Gibson co. Indiana, on
a handsome elevation 4 m. S. of the river Potoka,
28 S. V'incennes, 28 N. Evansville on the Ohio.
In 1818, it contained a court-house and jail, and
93 dwelling-houses.
Principato Citra, province in the central part
of the kingdom of Naples, having the Mediterra-
nean to the W, Extent, 2,400 square miles. Pop.
about 245,000. The capital is Salerno.
Principato Ultra, province of the kingdom of
Naples. Extent, 1,800 square miles. Pop.
358,000. The chief town is Avellino.
Pringle, Point, cape on the N. E. coast of Ker-
guelen's Land. Lon. 69° 14' E. Lat. 48" 48' S.
Prinkipo, the largest and most eastern of the
Prince's islands, a league from the coast of Asia
Minor. Lon. 28° 56' E. Lat. 40" 51' N.
Prionino, Cape, promontory of Spain, on the N.
coast of Galicia. Lon . 8° 1 5° W. Lat. 43'^ 28' N.
Prior'' s Leigh, t. Eng. in Salop, 3 m. W. N. W.
Shiffnal. Pop. 1,788.
Prioro, Cape, cape, Spain, on the N. coast of
Oalicia. Lon. 8° 22' W. Lat. 43° 34' 15" N.
Pripecz. See Prsipiec.
Prisrend, or Priirendi. See Perse,rin
PRO
803
Pritzerbe, t. Prussian States, in Braudenburg,
on the Havel, 8 m. N. N. E. Brandenburg. Pop.
900.
P ritzier'' s Harbour, bay on the N. side of Hud-
son's straits. Lon. 67" 10' W. Lat. 62° N.
Pritzwalk, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
63 m. N. W. Berlin, 14 E. N. E. Perleberg. Pop.
1,800.
Privas, t. France, cap. of Ardeche, on three riv-
ulets near the Rhone. 22 m. S. W. Valence, 28
S. S. W. Tournon. Pop. 3,000.
Probolingo, cap. of a district of Java, now
occupied by the British government.
Probus, V. Eng. in Cornwall, 3 m. W. Gram-
pound. Pop. 1,163.
Proby, Cape, the N. E. point of Howe's island,
one of Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 164° 31'
W. Lat. 11° 3 S.
Probu^s Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 175° 51' W. Lat. 15° 53' S.
Procida, isl. of the Mediterranean, off the coast
of Naples, 22 m. W. Naples. Lon. 13° 48' E. Lat.
40° 50' N. Pop. 12,000.
Proctor'' s Poini, cape off the S. coast of Antigua.
Lon. 61° 29' W. Lat. 17° 8' N.
Prodano, (an. Prote,) small isl. of Greece, off
the W. coast of the Morea, 16 m. N. by W. Nava-
rin. Lat. 37° 10' N.
Prodselten, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 17
m. S. S. E. Aschaffenburg;. Pop. 800.
Prokopia. See Precopia.
Prome, or Prone, city of the Birman empire, ou
the E. bank of the Irrawuddy river, in a feitile
plain. It carries on a considerable trade. Lon.
95° E. Lat 18° 50' N.
Proskurow, or Proskuirow, t. Russian Polanc^
in Podolia, 45 m. N. N. E. Caminiec.
Prospect, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the W.
side of the Penobscot, at its entrance into Penob-
scot bay, 15 m. N. W. Castine, 227 N. E. Boston
Pop. 1,300.
Prospect, p-t. Prince Edward co Va.
Prospect-hill, p-v. Fairfax co. Va. 14 m. VY.
Washington.
Pros})erous, v. Ireland, in Kildare, 5 m. N. N.
W. Naas.
Prossnitz, or Prostiegow, t. Austrian States, in
Moravia, 9 m. S. S. W. Olmutz. Pop. 7,000.
Prosto, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. S. Boraiio.
Proszna, r. which forms the boundary between
the Russian and Prussian Poland, and falls into the
Wartha at Peisern.
ProteclionlPort, harbour at the N. W. extremi-
ty of Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. of the
entrance, 226° 3.5' E. Lat. 56" 20' N.
Provence, formerly a province in the S. E. of
France, bounded E. by Italy, S. by the Mediterra-
nean. It now forms the departments of the Lower
Alps, the Var, the Mouths-of-the-Rhone, and part
of Vaucluse.
Providen, small isl. off the N. coast of Ceylon,
28 m. S. S. E. Trincomalee.
Providence, JS'ew, one of the Bahama islands, 35
miles long and 9 broad. It has a good harbour,
formed by Hog island on the N. and by the main-
land of New Providence on the S. Nassau, the prin-
cipal town, is situated along the S. side of the har-
bour, and is one of the most picturesque situations
in the W. Indies. Considerable trade has been of
late years carried on between the Bahama islands
and the U. States. Pop. in 1803, 1,758 whites,
817 people of colour, and 2,515 slaves ; total,
5,090. It is between lon. 77° 10' and 77° '38' W.
?at. 25° 3' N.
60#
PRO
p R tr
Providence, isl. in the W. part of the Carribe-
an sea, near the coast of Honduras.
Providence, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
127° W E. Lat. 4° 2' N.
Providence, small isl. in the Indian sea, Lon.
5r46'E. Lat. gMO'S.
Providence, Cape, promontory in the straits of
Magellan, on the S. American shore. Lon. 75°
29' W. Lat. 52" 58' S.
Providence, Cape, cape of Oonalashka. Lon.
166" 10' W Lat. 54° 5' N.
Providence, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon.
78° E. Lat, 5° 6' N.
Providence, Great and Little, small islands in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 135° 53' E. Lat. 0° 24' S.
Providence, co. Rhode-Island, bounded N. and
E. by Massachusett?, S. by Kent co. and W. by
Connecticut. Pop. 30,769.
Providence, p-t. and port of entry. Providence
CO. R. Island, the largest town in the State, and
the third in New-England in point of population,
stands on Providence river, just above the mouth
of the Seekhonk, 35 m. from the ocean, 30 N. by
W. Newport, 59 N. E. New-London, 74 E. Hart-
ford, 40 S. S. W. Boston. Lon. 7 1° 10' W. Lat. 41°
51' N, Pop. 10,071. The town is built on both
sides of the river, and the two parts are connected
by an elegant bridge. Merchant ships of the lar-
gest class ascend to this place.
Providence is one of the wealthiest and most
flourishing towns of its size in the United States.
The principal source of its prosperity is the cotton
manufacture, which was introduced about 15
years ago, and has increased with astonishing ra-
pidity. There are now more than 100 cotton fac-
tories in Rhode-Island and the adjacent parts of
Connecticut and Massachusetts, the business of
■which is transacted principally in Providence.
Among the manufacturing establishments within
the town, are 6 cotton factories, 2 woollen facto-
ries, 3 dye-houses, 5 distilleries, 3 rope-walks, 2
spermaceti works, and 10 jeweller's shop?, where
jewelry is manufactured principally for exporta-
tion. The commerce of the town has increased
with its manufactures. The amount of shipping
in 1819, was 19,000 tons, of which about 5,000
were employed in the East-India trade, and 5 or
6,000 in the coasting trade with the southern
States, connected principally with the cotton bu-
siness. About 10 vessels are constantly employed
in the exportation of cotton goods. Packets ply
regularly between Providence and Newport,
Bristol, and Warren.
The town contains a court-house, market-house,
town-house, theatre, jail, hospital, 7 banks, in-
cluding a branch of the U. S. Bank ; 6 insurance
companies. 4 printing-offices, from 3 of which
newspapers are issued ; a college, a public li-
brary, 3 academies, including the Friends'
boarding school, and 8 religious societies, 3 of
Congregationalists, 2 of Baptists, 1 of Episco-
palians, 1 of Friends, and 1 of Methodists, Sev-
eral of the churches are elegant edifices. Ma-
ny of the private houses are handsome. In Sep-
tember 1815, the town suffered severely from a
tremendous gale which forced the water in the
river many feet above the highest tides, and delu-
ged the town, destroying bouses and shipping to
an amount estimated at $1,500,000.
Brown University in this place is one of the
most flourisliing and respectable literary institu-
ticrs in the United States. It was originally es-
tablished at Warren in 1764, and was removed to
Providence in 1770. It has a president, 8 profea-
sors, viz. of mathematics and natural philosophy,
of law, of moral philosophy and metaphysics, ot
oratory and belles lettres, of anatomy and surgery,
of materia medica and botany, of the theory and
practice of physic, and ol chemistry. In 1819,
there were 3 tutors and 126 students. The libra-
ry contains more than 5,000 volumes, and the phi-
losophical apparatus is extensive and complete.
The college edifice is of brick, 150 feet by 46, four
stories high, containing 48 rooms for students, and
8 large rooms for public uses. Its site is elevated
and commands a fine prospect. The president
and a majority of the Trustees are required to be
of the Baptist denomination. There is a gram-
mar school connected with the University, con»
taining usually about 30 students.
Providence, North, p-t. Providence co. R. island,
4 m. N. of Providence. It contains 10 cotton fac-
tories, 2 furnaces, 1 slitting-mill, 2 anchor shops,
and several other manufactories. The village of
Pawtucket is in this town. See Pawtucket.
Providence River, R. Island, is formed by Wa-
nasquiatucket and Moshasuck which unite just
above Providence. It runs into Providence bay,
the northern arm of Narraganset bay, and is navi-
gable to Providence for ships of 900 tons.
Providence, i. Saratoga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. W.
Saratoga, 34 W. Albany. Pop. 1,694.
Providence, t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic,
W. of Newark. Pop. 756.
Providence, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 689.
Providence, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,492.
Providence, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
904.
Providence, Nether, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop.
594.
Providence, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop
561.
Providence, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop,
1,395.
Providence, p-t. Mecklenburg co. N.C
Prm-incetown, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. at the
extremity of the peninsula of Cape Cod, 3 m. S. E.
Race Point, 60 S. E. Boston, by water, 116 by
land. Its harbour, which is one of the best in the
State, o)5ens to the southward, and has dcptWof
water for any ships. The houses are one story
high, and set on piles, that the drivins: sands may
pass under them, otherwise they would be buried.
The inhabitants derive their subsistence from the
prosecution of the fisheries, and are dependent on
Boston and on the towns in the vicinity for every
vegetable production. They have a few cows,
which pick a scanty subsistence from roots and
beach grass. Pop. 936. Lat. 42° 3' N. Lon. 70°
9' W.
Provins, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 42 m.
W. by N. Troves, 60 S. E. Paris. Pop. 5,500.
Prudence, isl. in Narraganset bay, belonging to
Portsmouth, R. Island, 6 miles long. 2 m. S. W.
Bristol.
Pruna, Pnnia, cape of the island of Minorca,
Lon. 4° 17' E. Lat. 39° 49' N.
Prunes, Islands of, small isl. near the E. coast of
Madagascar. Lon. 49° 48' E. Lat. 18° S.
Prunlifiotcn, p-t. Harrison co. Va.
Prussia, or the Prussian States, kingdom, Eu-
rope, consisting principally of two territories, en-
tirely distinct and separate from each other, one
lying in the east, the other in the west of Germa-
ny. The eastern division is much the largest,
comprehending five-sixths of the whole, and is
bounded N. by the Baltic ; E. by Russia ; S. by
the Austrian dominions and Saxony ; W. by sev-
P R U
PUD
605
«ral small German States. The western division
lies on both sides of the river Rhine, and is boun-
ded W. by the Netherlands, and on all other sides
by small German States.
The extent, population, and revenue of the
provinces, was in 1817, nearly as follows :
Sq. miles. Population. Revenue.
East Prussia,
West Prussia,
Brandenburg,
Pomerania,
Silesia,
Posen,
Saxony,
Westphalia,
Cleves&Berg:,.
Lower Rhine,
15,115
10,000
14,939
12,363
14,861
11,251
8,492
7,565
3,638
6,432
;70,000
580,000
1,200,000
680,000
2,100,000
790,000
1,180,000
1,000,000
930,000
1,000,000
£1,150,000
1,700,000
1,400,000
360,000
760,000
580,000
1,050,000
Total, 1 104,656 10,330,0001 £7,000,000
The Swiss canton of Neufchatol (population
about 50,000,) acknowledg;es also the sovereignty
of the house of Brandenburg.
Wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes are generally
cultivated. Flax is an object of general culture
in Westphalia and Silesia. Silesia and Westpha-
lia have long been noted for the manufacture of
linens. Woollens are also made, more or less, in
almost every town or large village. Cotton works
are of recent introduction, and have been estab-
lished near the Rhine, at Berlin, at Erfurt, at El-
berfeld, and in particular quarters of Silesia. The
exports consist of linen, and, in a much less de-
gree, of woollens and hardware, with corn, wool,
timber, pitch, tar, potash, lintseed, tobacco, and
wax. The chief trade takes place with Great
Britain, whither Prussia sends her corn, and
takes in return both manufactures and colonial
goods.
The religion of the royal family of Prussia, and
of a majority of the population, is the Calvinist;
but Christians of all denominations are tolerated.
The relative number of different creeds is as fol-
lows :— Calvinists and Lutherans, 6,600,000—
Catholics, 3,600,000— Jews, 75,000— Anabaptists,
14,000 — Moravian brethren, 7,000 — Unitarians,
Pietists, and members of the Greek Church, 4,000.
The universities are 4 in number, viz. Berlin,
Halle, Breslau, Konigsberg.
The revenue amounts to about 7,000,000/.; the
public debt to abo\it 40,000,000/. sterling.
The army exceeds 150,000 men, a number far
too great for the resources of the country.
Prussia had formerly, like all governments
founded by the northern nations, a representa-
tive body, under the name of States. For many
years, however, the government has been abso-
lute, the sovereign having found means to conduct
the public business without the intervention of
States. The people are now anxiously waiting
for the re- establishment of a representative body
or parliament, and it is hard to describe the
degree of disappointment experienced by the
better classes of society in Prussia, at the succes-
sive delays and evasions of their court, which as
yet (1820) has done little more than new model
the departments of the executive branch.
Prussia, Proper, a great division of the Prus-
sian dominions, composed of the provinces of East
and West Prussia. East Prussia, or Ducal Prus-
sia, as it has frequently been called, lies between
19' 20' and 24" 15' E, Ion. and 52^' 32' and 56" 3' N.
lat. It is divided into the two governments of
Konigsberg and Gumbinnen. Two thirds of the
population are descendants of Swiss, French, or
German Protestants. Corn of all kinds, as well
as flax and hemp, are largely cultivated. West
Prussia is divided into the governments of Dantzic
and Marienwerder.
Pruszana, t. Eu. Russia, in Grodno, 53 m. N. E.
Brzesk.
Pruih, T. which rises in the palatinate of Mafw
marosch, in Hungary, flows through the Buko-
wine, forms the boundary between the Russian
and Turkish dominions in Moldavia, and falls into
the Danube below Galatz.
Pruym, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhinej 40 m. S. S. E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Pop.
1,100.
Prybus. See Priebus.
Przasznitz, t, Poland, 55 m. N. by E. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,000.
Przelautsch, t. Bohemia, 52 m. E. Prague.
Pop. 1,100.
Przemysl, a circle of Austrian Poland. Area,
1,420 square miles. Pop. about 212,000. Prze-
mysl, the chief town is on the San, 57 m. W. Lem-
berg, 122 E. Cracow. Pop. 7,400.
Przipiec, or Pripecs, r. Russian Poland, which
falls into the Dnieper, 40 m. above Kiev.
Przyrow, t. Poland, 54 m. N. by W. Cracow.
Pop. 1,100.
Psatho, s-p. Greece, in Lavadia, at the extrem-
ity of the gulf of Lepanto.
Psiloriti, (an. Ida,) mountain of Eu. Turkey, in
the island of Candia, covered with snow during
the greater part of the year.
Psiol, r. Eu. Russia, in Poltava, which falls into
the Dnieper.
Pskov, a government of Eu. Russia, between Li-
vonia and Smolensko. Extent, 22,000 square
miles. Pop. 700,000.
Pskov, the capital of the above government, and
the see of a Greek archbishop, is at the confluence
of the rivers Velikaja and Pskov. 224 m. S. S. W.
St. Petersburg. Pop. 7,000.
Plolemais. See ./lore.
Ptolemeta, t. on the coast of Barca, ancient
Plolemais. Lon. 20° 40' E. Lat. 32° 30' N.
Pubna, t. Bengal, on the N. bank of the Ganges.
Lon. 89° 12' E. Lat. 24° N.
Puch de Gontaud, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga-
ronne, 14 m. S. by E. Marmande, 22 N. W.
Agen. Pop. 1,400.
Puchacay, province of Chili, bounded N. by Ita-
ta, E. by Huilquilemu, S. by the river Biobio, and
W. bv the sea. It is 12 leagues long from N. to
S. and 23 from E. to W. Pop. 13,000.
Puchmary, t. Hind, in Kemaon. Lat. not as-
certained.
Puckholi, district. Hind, on the E.side of theln-
dus. Puckholi, the capital, is in lon. 72° 8' E.
lat. 33" 46' N.
Pucko, or Puckrow, t. Hungary, 22 m. N. by E.
Trentschin. Pop. 3,000.
Pucoiiloe, t. Bengal, in Dacca. Lon. 89° 55' E.
Lat. 24° 8' N.
Pundar, r. Hind, which rises in Ajmecr, and
empties itself into the gulf of Cutch, 30 m. S. W.
Janagur.
Pudenntz, or Powiedzisk, t. Prussian Poland, 16
m. E. N. E. Posen. Pop. 1,100.
Pudlein, or Podolin, t. Hungary, 9 m. N. N. E.
Kesmark. Pop. 2,100.
Pudoschn, t. Eu. Russia, in Olonetz, 65 m. E.
Petrozavodsk. Pop. 1,100.
606
P U E
Pudxey, t. Eag. in Yorkshire, 4 m. E. Bradford.
Pop. 4,697.
Puducotla, t. India, in Tanjore, 32 m. S. S. W.
Tanjore. Lon. 78^ 59' E. Lat. 10° 20' N.
Puebla de los Angeles, intendancy of New Spain,
bounded N. E. by Vera Cruz, E. by Oaxaca, S. by
the ocean, and W. by Mexico. Pop. 813,300.
Puebla, La, de los Angeles, t. Mexico, and capi-
tal of the intendancy of Puebla. After Mexico,
Guanaxuato, and the Havannah, it is the moit
considerable of the Spanish cities in the new-
continent. Its temples are sumptuous. It was
formerly celebrated for its fine manufactories of
delf-ware and pots. It is also famous for its manu-
factures of iron and steel, particularly swords,
bayonets, &c. 70 m. E. S. E. Mexico, 160 W. N.
W'. Vera Cruz. Pop. 67,800.
Puebla de la Barca, t. Spain, in Alva, 10 m. S.
W. Vittoria.
Pumte del Arcobispo, i. Spain, on the Tagus, 58
m. W . S. W. Toledo. Pop. 1,200.
Puente de Don Gonzalo, t. Spain, in Cordova,
15 m. W. Lucena. Pop. 4,800.
Puente d''Eume, t. Spain, in Galicia, 8 ra. N.
Betanzos.
Puente de la Reyna, t. Spain, in Navarre, 2 m.
S. S. W. Pampeluna. '
Puerco, Rio, r. Mexico, which joins the Rio
del Norte, 100 miles below the Presidio del Norte.
Puers, t. Netherlands, 10 m. W.by N. Mechlin,
12 S. by W. Antwerp. Pop. 4,000.
Puerto de los Angelos, harbour on the coast of
Mexico. Lat. 15" 50' N.
Puerto de los Aqi'ila^, s-p. Spain, iu Murcia, 10
m. from Lorca.
Puerto del Baylio Bucareli, bay on the W, coast
of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 226**
12' to 227° 5' E. Lat. 55° 14' to 55" 40' N.
Puerto de Bazan, bay on the S. W. coast of the
Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 227° 16' E.
Lat. 54° 49' N.
Puerto de Cabanas, harbour on the N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 83" 6' W. Lat. 23' 4' N.
Puerto Cubcllo. Sec Cabello, Porto.
Puerto Calvo, harbour on the coast of Brazil.
Lon. 34° 50' W. Lat. 9° 10' S.
Puerto del Canaveral, harbour on the S. coast of
Pitt's Archipelago. Lon. 230° 16' E. Lat. 53°
32' N.
Puerto de Calvallos. See J\'acho.
Puerto Claro, bay of the Pacific ocean, on the
coast of Darieu. Lat. 6° 52' N.
Puerto Cordova, bay on the E. coast of Prince
William's sound. Lon. 214° 13' E. Lat. 60° 37' N.
Puerto Cordova y Cordova, bay of the Pacific
ocean, on the S. side of the Prince of Wales's Ar-
chipelago. Lon. 227° 28' to 228° E. Lat. 54° 42'
to 55° 6' N.
Puerto Dfseada. See Desire. Port.
Puerto Escondido, harbour on the W. coast of
Mexico. Lat. 16° 12' N.
Puerto Falso, bay on the coast of New Albion.
Lon. 243° 6' E. Lat". 32° 45' N.
Puerto Gravina, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 214°
45' E. Lat. 60° 44' N.
Puerto, B.eal, t. Spain, in Seville, 5 m. E. Ca-
diz. It is the great depot of the salt made in the
tanks that surround the isle of Leon and bay of
Cadiz on the S. E. side. The annu?d quantity
made is estimated at above a million of tons, all
prepared by the heat of the sun. Pop. 10,000.
Puerto Rerilla Gigedo, bay of Prince William's
P U L
sound, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 213*
25' E. Lat. 60° 56' N.
Puerto, St. Martin del, city of Grenada, in St.
Juan de los Llanos, 30 leagues from Santa Fe.
Puerto St. Pedro, bay, Brazil, at the mouth of
Rio Grande. Lat. 31° 40' S.
Puerto St. Yago, s-p. Mexico, in Xalisco, 25 m.
S. Purification. Lon. 105° 46' W. Lat. 19° 30' N.
Puerto de Santa Maria, or St. Mary''s, s-p,
Spain, in Seville, at the mouth of the river Gua-
dalete, 5 m. N. E. Cadiz. Pop. 12,000.
Puerto de Valdes, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213"
56' E. Lat. 61° 7' N.
Pugantz, or Baka Banya, t. Hungary, 29 m. E.
Neutra, 73 E. N. E. Preslsurg. Pop. 2,400.
Puget, t. France, in Var, 18 m. N.E. Toulon.
Pugei Theniers, t. Piedmont, 22 m. N. W. Nice.
Pop. 1,000.
Puget, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, forming the W. point, at the entrance into
Port Bainbridge. Lon. 212° 9i' E. Lat. 59° 55' N.
Puget'' s Island, isl. about 5 miles long, in Co-
lumbia river, 24 m. from the mouth.
Pugefs Sound, inlet S. of Admiralty inlet, witli-
in Georgia's sound. Lon. 237° 25' E. Lat. 47"
10' N.
Puglia. See Apulia.
Pughtown, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Puika, or Poyk, r. Austrian lUyria, remarkable
for the space which it flows under ground.
Puisceley, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. W. Gail-
lac. Pop. 1,500.
Puiseaux, t. France, in Loiret, 38 m. N. E. Or-
leans. Pop. 1,800.
Puisserguier, t. France, in Herault, 9 m. W.
Beziers. Pop. 1,300.
Pujolis, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m.
N. byE.Agen. Pop. 2,100.
Pujolis, t. France, in Gironde, 28 m. E. Bour-
deaux. Pop. 2,000.
Pularum Isle, one of the smallest of the Banda
isles. Lon. 129° 45' E. Lat. 5" 35' N.
Pulaski, CO. Georgia, on the E. side of Oakmul-
gee river. Pop. 2,093, including 528 slaves.
Ciiief town, Hartford.
Pulaski, p-t. and cap. Giles co. Tennessee, on
Richland creek. Fop. 350.
Pulaski, CO. in the S. part of Kentucky. Pop.
6,897, including 468 slaves.
Pulaski, CO. Arkansaw Territory, on the river
Arkansaw. Pop. 1,936. Chief town, Cadron.
Pulaivay, t. Poland, on the V^istula, 27 m. \N .
N. W. Lublin.
Pullicat, s-p. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80°
25' E. Lat. 13°26'N.
Pullumnuire, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon.
78°50'>E. Lat.30"10'N.
Pulnmry, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 76° 3'
E. Lat. 19° 59' N.
Pulo Akat, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the N. E. coast of Ceram. Lon. 131" 3' E. Lat. 3°
6'S.
Pulo Ampal, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99° 29' E. Lat. 0°
44' S.
Puio'Anam, small isl. in the Eastern seas,
near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99° 27' E.
Lat. 0° 40' S.
Pulo Anna, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
131° 46' E. Lat. 4° 38' N.
Pulo Aru, small island in the straits of Malac-
ca. Lon. 100" 24' E. Lat. 2° 57' N.
P U I.
PUN
eoi
Pttlo Ay, small isl. in the Eastern seas, a little
to the W. of the Great Banda.
Pulo Ayer, small isl. near the W. coast of Su-
matra. Lon. 100° 12' E. Lat. 1° 1 1' S.
Pulo Babee, small isl. iu the straits of Sunda.
Lon. 106" 10' E. Lat. 5° 45' S.
Pulo Bali, or Hog Island, small isl. near the N.
coast of the island of Niaa. Lon. 97° E. Lat. 1"
27' N.
PtUo Bally, isl. in the Eastern seas, divided from
the island of Bachian by a channel 5 miles M'ide.
Lon. about 123° 30' W. Lat. 0" 30' S.
Pulo Baniack Isle, small isl. about 25 miles in
circumfierenoe, off the W. coast of Sumatra, be-
tween 2° and 3" N. lat.
Pulo Butu, is!, off the W. coast of Sumatra,
about 40 miles long and 12 broad. Lon, 97" 56' E.
Lat.0''20'N.
Palo Bava, small isl. in the Easterasfias, near
the S. coast of Nias. Lon. 97° 18' E. Lat. 0°
52' N.
Pulo Bintango, small isl. near the W. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 89° 47' E. 0" 58' S.
Pulo Brasse, isl. near the N. W. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 95" 30' E. Lat. 5° 39' N.
Pulo Bringen, small isl. near the W. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 100° 21' E. Lat. 1° 58' S.
Pulo Cannibaz Isle. See JVoesa Cambas.
Ptdo, Cape. See Polo, Cape.
Pulo Casse, isl. near the VV. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 99° 28' E. Lat. 0° 20' S.
Pulo Dammer, isl. in the Eastern seas, about
.?0 miles in circumference, near the S. coast of Gi-
lolo. Lon. 128° 22' E. Lat. 0° 58' S.
Pvdo Dalle, isl. near the VV. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 108° 59' E. Lat. 0° 8' N.
Pulo Doa, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 97° 33' E. Lat. 1" 18' N.
Pulo Dun, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon.97°E.Lat.2M6'N.
Pulo Een, or Fish Island, isl. in the Eastern
seas, oS the N. coast of Waygion. Lon. 130° 37'
l:. Lat. 0" 12' N.
Pido Ely, isl near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 98" 11' E. Lat. 1° 6' N.
Pulo Gasseb, isl. near the S. E. coast of Ceram.
Lon. 131° 13' E. Lat. 3° 29' S.
Pulo Gasses, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E.
coast of Oby. Lon. 128"20' E. Lat. 1" 37' S.
Pulo Goere, isl. near the N. coast of Sumatra.
liOn. 97"42'E. Lat.4°42'N.
Pulo Lalang, isl. in the straits of Malaca. Lon.
100° 9' E. Lat. 2° 25' N.
Pulo Laut, isl. in the Eastern seas, at the S. en-
trance of the Straits of Macassar, about 100
Djiles in circumference. Lon. 1 16° 24' E. Lat. 3°
45' S.
Pulo Minlaon. See Pulo Batu.
Pulo JVanei/, isl. near tlie N. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 95 ' 21 'E. Lat. 5" 18' N.
Pulo JViamo, or Ausquitto, island near the W.
roast of Sumatra. Lon. 99° 45' E. I^at. 1° 8' S.
Pulo Kye, small isl. in the Eastern seas, neAr
tae W. coast of Poggy. Lon. 99° 32' E. Lat. 2°
48' S.
Pulo Panjang, smajl isl. off the W. coast of Ja-
va. Lon. 104° 55' E. Lat. 1" 3' S.
Ptdo Penneu, or Orange Island, small isl. near
tie W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100° 2' E. Lat. 1°
SB'S,
i Pulo Pinang. See Prince of Wales'' Island.
Pulo Pisang, small isl. in the Eastern seas.
<on. 128° 49' E. Lat. 1° 2? 30" S,
Pulo Ron, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the S. E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128" 30' E. Lat. 0°
48' S.
Pulo Rondo, small islands in the Eastern seas,
N. of Sumatra. Lon. 95° 22' E. Lat. 5° 45' N.
P^do Roopat, isl. in the straits of Malacca, sepa-
rated by a narrow channel from Sumatra. Lon.
101° 9' E. Lat. r 58' N.
Pnlo Sabadda, small isl. near the W. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 99° .53' E. Lat. 1° 3' S.
Pnlo Sabuda, small isl. in tlie Eastern seas, 30
m. VV. New Guinea. Lon. 131° 48' E. Lat. 2"35'F.
Pulo Salanama, small isl. in the straits of Mal-
acca, near the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon, 98° 51'
E.Lat. 3°27'N.
Pulo Timoan, isl. in tlie Eastern seas. Lor.
104° 25' E. Lat. 3° N,
Pulo Timpalis, small isl. in the straits of Malac-
ra, near the N. E. coast of Sumatra, Lon. 97° 45'
E. Lat. 4° 27' N.
Pulo Toll, small isl, between Borneo aud Su-
matra. Lat. 0" 53' S.
Pulo Troosan, small isl. near the VV'. coast of Su
matra. Lon. 99" 58' E. Lat. 1° 6' S.
Pulo Tullong, small isl. in the straits of Malac-
ca. Lon. 100° 33' E. Lat. 4° 27' N.
Pido Varella, isl. in the straits of Malacca, 20
m. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99" 36' E.
Lat. 3° 47' xV.
Pulo Way, one of the Spice islands, 9 m. VV. Go-
rong Apee. Lon. 130° 26' E. Lat. 4° 9' S.
Pulo Way, island about 30 miles in circumfer-
ence, near the N. coast of Sumatra, 27 m. N.
Acheen. Lon. 95° 33' E. Lat. 5° 33' N.
Pulsnils, or Polsena, t. Saxony, 13 m. N. E.
Dresden. Pop. 1,300.
Pnltava. See PoHava.
Pultney, p-t, Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Crooked lake, 11 m. N. Bath, 232 VV. Albany.
Pop. 1,038.
Pv'Uney, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 10
m. S. E. St. Clairsville, 9 m. below Wheeling, Va
Fop. in 1815, 840.
Pultneyxille, p-v. in Williamson, N. Y. on Lakf-
Ontario.
Pultusk, or Pultovsk, t. Poland, on the Narew.,
34 m. N. N. E. Warsaw. Pop, 2, 100.
Pulwell, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77° 18' E. Lai .
28°11'N.
Puna, city, S. America, on the borders of Lake
Chucuito or Titicaca, in the neighbourhood ol
rich silver mines, 14 m. N. VV. Chucuito. Lon.
70^ 26' VV. Lat. 16° 20' S.
Puna, isl. district, and city, S. America, at the
mouth of the river Guayaquil. Lon. 70° 58' W.
Lat. 2" 50' S.
Punch Hall, p-v. Caroline co. Md.
Pwnrfa, or Ptmtfty, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon.
74° 3' E. Lat. 51" 20' N.— There is another place
of the same name in the Northern Circars. Lon.
84" 40' E. Lat. 18° 43' N.
Pimderpoor, or Pundepore,t. Hind, in Bejapore.
Lon. 72° 15' E.Lat. 17" 56' N.
Pundua, or Purruahi t. Bengal. Lcn. 88° 9' E.
Lat. 25" 9' N.
Pumganoor, t. and fort, Hind, in Golcondah,
Lon. 78° 42' E. Lat. 13° 19' N.
Pungoteague, p-v. Accomack co. Va.
Punhela, t. Portugal, at the confluence of the
Zezere and the Tagus, 8 m. VV. N. W. Abrantes.
Pop. 1,100.
Punitz, t. Prussian Poland, 45 m. S. Posen.
Pop. 1,400.
Punjab, or Five Rivers, an extensiTe regiou of
608
P U T
P Y L
Hindostan, in possession of the Seiks, principally
situated in Lahore, but including part of Moul-
tan. The five rivers which give name to this
country, are the Sutlege, the Beyah, the Rauvee,
the Chunaub, and the Behut or Jhylum.
Punna. See Pannah.
Punon, in Sac. Geog. t, Idumea, between Petra
and Zoar, famous for its mines.
Puntadas Baxas, cape on the W. coast of Afri-
ca. Lat. 5" 32' N.
Punla del Gada. See oPnta Del_gada.
Punta Mcwalonga, cape on the E. coast of Af-
rica. Lat. 17" S.
Punta de Monte Seca, cape, W. Africa, in Con-
go, at the mouth of the Zaire.
Punuga, t. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89" 23^ E.
Lat. 27" 23' N.
Purace, v. New Granada, in Popayan, on a
great plain among the Andes, at the height of
10,000 feet.
Purbeck, Isle of, district, Eng. in Dorset co. on
the English channel, nearly surrounded by the sea
and the river Frome. It has been long famous for
its stone, which is in great demand both for buil-
ding and paving.
Purchena, t. Spain, in Granada, 77 m. W. S.W.
Carthagena, 73 E. Granada. Pop. 3,000.
Purdie^s Isles, islets off the S. coast of New Hol-
land, opposite Point Bell. Lon. 133" 5' E. Lat. 32°
I6i' S.
Purfleet, v. Eng. in Essex, on the Thames, 20 m.
E. by S. London.
Purmerend, t. Netherlands, in North Holland,
11 m. N. Amsterdam. Pop. 2,400.
Purneah, district in the N. W. of Bengal. Pop.
1,500,000. Purneah, the capital, is on the E. bank
of the Seraw river. Lon. 88" 23' E. Lat. 25" 45' N.
Purysburg, or Purrysburg, t. Beauibrt district,
S. C. on Savannah river. It contains about 50 hou-
ses, and an Episcopal church. 20 m. above Sa-
vannah, 94 S. W. Charleston.
Pusa, or Poosa, t. Hind, in Bahar.
Pusambio. See Purace.
Pushaiv. See Pooshaw.
Pustosersk, t. Eu. Russia, in Archangel. Lon.
.51" 14' E. Lat. 67" 28' N.
Puteoli, in Sac. Geog. city, Italy, 8 m. from Na-
ples, 100 S. Rome.
Put-in-Bay, bay formed by the largest of the
Bass islands, near the W. end of lake Erie, 8 m.
N. W. by N. Sandusky bay. It has two entrances,
one from the east and the other from the west. It
.admits vessels of any draught, is sheltered from
every wind, and is the finest harbor, except that
of Erie, on the Lake. From this bay Commo-
dore Perry sailed on the memorable 10th Septem-
ber 1813, when he captured the British fleet. In
the island is a remarkable cave.
Putivl, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, on the river
Sem, 120 m. W. S. W. Kursk. Pop. 9,000.
Putnam, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. Wis-
casset.
Putnam, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Dutchess co.
E. by Connecticut, S. by West Chester co. and
W. by the Hudson. Pop. 10,293. Chief town,
Carmel.
Putnam, t. Washington co. N. Y. on lake Cham-
plain, 28 m. N. Sandyhill. Pop. 499.
Putnam, co. Geo. on the W. side of the Oco-
nee. Pop. 10,029, including 3,220 slaves. Chief
town, Eatonton.
Putnam, co. Ohio, foniied 1020, in the Indian
reservatjon.
Putnam, formerly Springjield, p-t. Muskingum
CO. Ohio, opposite Zanesville, with which it is
connected by a handsome bridge. Pop. 400. Here
is an academy.
Putney, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, 4§
m. W. London. Pop. 2,88 1.
Putney, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 33 m. below Windsor. Pop. 1,607.
Pulten, V. Netherlands, in Gelderiand, 23 m.
N. W. Utrecht. Pop. 2,300.
Puttershock, or Pietershock, t. Netherlands, in
South Holland, 10 m. S. by E. Rotterdam. Pop.
1,000.
Puttlitz, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 9 m. N. N>
W. Pritzwalk. Pop. 1,000.
Puttun. See JVehrwalla.
Putumayo, also called lea, r. S. America, which
rises in Quito, runs E. about 300 miles, when it
takes the name of lea, and, after a S. E. course of
about 200 miles, joins the river Amazons, in lon.
50" 40' W. lat. 3" 30' S.
Pufzig, or Pulzko. SeePautzke.
Puy, Le, t. France, cap. of Upper Loire, on
the Borne, 70 m. S. W. Lyons, 90 N. by W.
Nismes. Lon. 3" 53' E. Lat. 46" 25' N. Pop.
12,000.
Puybeliard, t. France, in La Vendee, 23 m. N.
W. Fontenay. Pop. 800.
Puycerda, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the river
Segre, 53 m. W. N. W. Gerona. Pop. 1,500.
P^ty dc Dome, a lofty mountain in the interior
of France, 2 m. W. Clermont-Ferrand.
Puy de Dome, depaitment in the central part of
France. Extent, 3,400 sq. miles. Pop. 543,000.
Clermont is the capital.
Puy Laurens, t. France, in Tarn, 26 m. E.
Toulouse. Pop. 5,100.
Puy Leveque, t. France, in Lot, 18 m. W. Ca-
hors. Pop. 1,600.
Puyloubier, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
12 m. E. Aix. Pop. 900.
Puy Miclan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6
m. E.' Marmande. Pop. 1,100.
Puy Mirol, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 7
ra. E. Agen. Pop. 1,300.
Puy St. Reparade, t. France, in Mouth-of-the-^
Rhone, 7 m. W. PeyroUes, 10 N. W. Aix. Pop,
1,500.
Puy la Roque, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne,
18 m. S. E. Cahors. Pop. 2,000.
Puzzuolo, or Pozzuoli, anciently Puteoli, a
celebrated t. Italy, delightfully situated on a
point projecting into the sea, nearly in the centre
of the fine bay of Puzzuolo, 7 m. W. Naples.
Pop. 1,000.
Pwllheli, s-p. Wales, 27 m. S. Caernarvon. Lat.
52°54'N. Pop. 717.
Pybus, Point, point on the W. coast of King
George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 226" 8' E.
Lat. 57° 18' N.
Pychma, r. Siberia, which falls into the Toura,
after an E. course of 300 miles.
Pye^s Islands, small islands near the N. W. cocist
of America. Lon. 210" 21' E. Lat. 59° 19' N.
Pyha, r. Finland, in East Bothnia, which falls
into the gulf of Bothnia, at Brahestadt.
Pyke, Point, cape on an island off the N. W.
coast of America. Lon, 212° 16' E. Lat. 39° 69' N.
Pylos, t. Greece, in the Morea, on the S. W.
coast, at the extremity of a bay, opposite Navarin.
Pylstart, or La Sola, isl. in the Pacifi« ocean.
Lon". 176° 59' W. Lat. 38" 22' S.
QUA
Pynacker, t. Netherlands, in S. Holland, 7 m.
N. N. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,200.
Pyramids, a rans;e of ancient and stupendous
Egyptian monuments, extending along the Nile,
opposite Cairo, for about 20 leagues. The base
of the largest is 693 English feet square, covering
an area of little more than 11 acres ; the perpen-
dicular height 499 feet.
Pyrenees, a range of lofty mountains which di-
ride France from Spain. The mountains are
highest towards Mont Perdu, about 100 miles
from the bay of Biscay. They attain there an
elevation of between 10,000 and 12,000 feet, and
contain glaciers, as in the Alps. The number of
passes, including paths for pedestrians, exceeds 50,
but the carriage roads hardly exceed 5 ; and of
these, the most frequented are from Jonquera to
Perpignan, from St. Sebastian to St. Jean de Luz,
and from Pampeluna to St. Jean dc Pied de Port.-
Pyrenees, Easlernr, department, France, bound-
ed by Spain on the S. and the Mediterranean on
QUE 609
the E. Extent, 1,650 sq. miles. Fop. 127,000-
Perpignan is the capital.
Pyrenees, Lower, department, France. Ex-
tent, 3,100 sq. miles. Pop. 383,000. Pauls the
capital.
Pyrenees, C^per, department, France. Extent,
1,800 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 200,000. Tarbes is
the capital.
Byrgo, V. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, on an el-
evated plain between Mount Olonos and the Al-
pheus,8m.N.W.Phloka.
Pyrgos, t. Greece, in the island of Santorin, 6
m. S. W. Scavo. Lon.25"38'E. Lat. 36° 26' N.
Pyrits, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 15 m. S. by W.
Stargard. Pop. 1,700.
Pyrmont, the chief town of a principality of
the same name, in Germany, 33 m. S. S. W.
Hanover. The principality contains 36 sq. miles,
•and 4,300 inhabitants, and belongs to prioce
Waldec.
Q.
Qtjackenbrtjck, t. Hanover, 26 m. N. Osna-
bruck, 44 S. W. Bremen.
Quade, Point, cape on the S. W. coast of Ce-
lebes. Lon. 119° 48' E. Lat. 5" 22' S.
Quadra and f^ancouver^s Island, on the N. W.
coast of America, between Queen Charlotte s
sound and De Fuca's straits.
Quadrant. See Cadron.
Quainton, v. Eng. in Buckingham co. 6 m. N.
W. Aylesbury. Pop. 848.
Quaker Hill, v. in Pawling, N. Y.
QuakerCoivn, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 33 m. N. N. W.
Philadelphia.
Qualla Moorha, r. and port on the W. coast of
Malacca, 18 m. S. Queda.
Qualuga, s-p. Whidah, in Africa, 18 m. N. W.
Kjabi.
Quanamora, t. W. Africa, on the river Sher-
bro. Lon. 10° 15' W. Lat. 7° 45' N.
Quang-ping, city, China, in Petchelee. Lon.
]14"29'E. Lat. 36" 47' N.
Quangsee, province, China, on the S. W. fron-
tier, bordering on Tonquin.
Quanglong, province in the S. of China, well
situated for trade. Among numerous other ports,
it contains Canton.
Quantico, r. Prince William co. Va. which
luns into the Potomac, 4 m. below Dumfries.
Quantico Mills, p-v. Somerset co. Md.
Quantong, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy
river, 25 m. from the frontiers of China. It is
frequented by Chinese merchants. Lon. 96° 55'
i:. Lat. 24° 2' N.
Quarante, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. N. W.
Narbonne. Pop. 1,400.
Quaranlola, t. Italy, in Modena, 20 m. N. by E.
Jlodena.
Quarlesinlk, p-v. Brunswick co. Va,
Quarnaro, bay of the gulf of Venice, between
I rtria and Dalmatia.
Quarnitz, t. Prussian states. 8 m. W. by S. Glo-
^au. Pop. 1,200
77
Quarre les Tonibes, v. France, in Yonne, 9 m. b.
byE.Avallon. Pop. 1,800.
QuMssitz, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, on the
river March, 22 m. S. S. E. Olmutz.
Quatre Bras, hamlet, Netherlands, in Namur,
7 m. W. Ligny, remarkable for the obstinate con-
flict between the British and French, on 16th June
1815.
Quatre Facardins, Les, 4 small islands in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 140° 30' W. Lat. 18° 40' S.
QuaunaJmac. See Cuemavacca.
Quebec, city, N. America, and capital of Can-
ada, situated on a promontory on the N. W. side
of the St. Lawrence, formed by that river and the
St. Charles. The ridge of land which termin-
ates in this promontory runs from E. to VV. and
separates the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles.
Its general breadth is from one to two miles. It
has cape Diamond, a bold promontory which rises
345 feet above the level of the water, on the N. ;
and across it, at the N. E. or lower end, the town
of Quebec is built. The fortifications extending
across the breadth of the peninsula, shut in the
ground on which the city stands, the circuit of
which is about 2| miles. From Cape Diamond,
the ridge slopes towards the north, till it reaches
the valley through which the St. Charles runs.
The town is divided into two parts, namely, the
Upper and Lower. The Upper town is separated
from the Lower by a line of steep rocks, which
runs from the cape towards the river St. Charles.
The Lower town is situated immediately under
cape Diamond. The communication from the
Lower to the Upper town is by a wiiiding street,
at the top of which is a fortified gate. The greater
proportion of the houses are built of stone, with
high sloping roofs. The principal public build-
ings are the castle of St. Louis, the Hotel Dieu,
the convent of the Ursulines, the monastery of
the Jesuits, now turned into barracks, the Protes-
tant and Catholic cathedrals, the Scots church,
the Lowpr town church, the court-house, the
610
QU £
QUE
£5eminary, the new jail, and the artillery barracks.
The castle of St. Louis, situated on the summit of
the rock, is a handsome stone building, seated near
the edge of a precipice, something more than 200
feet high, and surmounted by a spacious gallery,
whence there is a most commanding prospect.
In its present state, Quebec may rank as a for-
tress of the first consequence : the citadel, on the
highest part of Cape Diamond, presents a formi-
dable combination of powerful works, from
whence a strong wall, supported by small batte-
ries in different places, runs to the edge of the
precipice, along which it is continued to the gate-
way leading to the Lower town, which is defend-
ed by heavy cannon, and the approach to it up
Mountain-street, both enfiladed and flanked by
many guns of large calibre ; thence a line of de-
fence connects with the grand battery, a work of
great strength, armed with a formidable train of
iI4-pounders, and commanding the basin and pas-
sage of the river St, Lawrence, which is here only
a mile wide. — The basin of Quebec is very spa-
cious, being sufficient to contain 100 sail of the
iine. The depth of water is 28 lathoms. In 1759,
Quebec was taken by the English, under the com-
mand of the brave general Wolfe, who fell in the
engagement ; and by the peace in 1763, it was
ceded, with the rest of Canada, to the conquerors.
In 1776, the Americans made an unsuccessful at-
tempt against this city, with the loss of their com-
mander, general Montgomery. 180 m. N. E.
Montreal, 400 from the sea. Lon. ir 10' W. Lat.
46° 50' N. Pop. in 1815, according to Bouchette,
28,000.
Queckni, t. Birman empire, in Martaban. Lon.
97°45'E. Lat. 15° 35' N.
Queda, country, Asia, on the W. coast of tlie
peninsula of Malacca, between 5° 10' and T 30'
N. lat The principal produce of the country is
tin.
Quedlinburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Bude,
30 m. S. S. W. Magdeburg, 10 S. S. E. Halber-
stadt. Lon. 1 1" 7' 39" E. Lat. 5 1° 47' 58" N, Pop.
11,000.
Q^ueechy, r. Vt. which rises in Sherburne, and
runs into Connecticut river, 10 m. above Wind-
sor.
Queen Ann, co. on the eastern shore of Md.
bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware, S. E.
by Caroline co. S. by Talbot co. and W. by Ches-
apeak bay. Pop. 16,648. Slaves, 6,381. Chief
town, Centrevillc.
Queen .Inn, p-t. Prince George co. Md. on the
W. side of the Patuxent, 25 m. N. E. Washington,
39 S. by W, Baltimore.
Queenborougli, Eng. in Kent, in the isle of Shep-
pey, H m. S. Sheerness. Pop. 805.
Queen Catharine'' s Foreland, the N. E. point of
Terra del Fuego, at the E. entrance into the straits
of Magellan.
Queen Charlotte'' s Foreland, the S. E, extremity
of New Caledonia. Lon. 167° 14' E. Lat. 22"
15' W.
Queen Charlotte's Foreland, the S. W. point of
New Hanover, in the Eastern seas. Lon. 148° 27'
E. Lat. 2° 29' S.
Queen Cfiarlotte' s Island, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, about 6 miles long and 1 broad. Lon. 138°
4' W. Lat. 19° 18' S.
Queen Charlotte'' s Islands, a group of islands off
the W. coast of North America. Lon. from 131° to
183° 7' W. Lat. 52" to 54° 22' N.
Queen Charlotte- s Islands, a group of islands in
the Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Carteret,
in the year 1767, consisting of Egmont's island or
New Guernsey, Lord Howe's island or New Jer-
sey, and several others. Lon. 163° 30' to 165° 10'
E. Lat. 9° 50' to 11° 20' S.
Queen Charlotte's Sound, a bay at the N. end
of the southern island of New Zealand. The en-
trance is in lon. 184° 45' W. lat. 41" S.
Queen Charlotte^s Sound, inlet of the Pacific
ocean, between the continent of N. America and
the island of Quadra and Vancouver. Lon, 226"
40' to 228° E. Lat. 50° 32' to 51° 12' N.
Queen Elizabeth'' s Island, isl. in the straits of
Magellan, about 36 miles in circumference. Lon.
71° 13' W. Lat. 52" 54' S.
Queensbury, t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hud
son, 58 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1,948.
Queen's County, a county of Ireland, bounded
N. and W. by King's county, E. by Kildare and
part of Carlow, S. by Kilkenny, and S. W. b ■
Tipperary. Extent, 590 square miles. Pop. aboii
90,000.
Queens, co. Nova Scotia, on the S. side of th---
bay of Fuudy.
Queens, co. New Brunswick, on each side of
St. John' s river. Chief town, Gagetown .
Queen'' s County, co. N. Y. comprising the W.
part of Long Island. Pop. 19,336. Chief towns,
Jamaica and North Hempstead.
Queensdale, p-v. Robeson co. N. C.
Queensferry, a royal borough, Scotland, in Lin-
lithgow CO. on the frith of Forth, 9 m. W. Edin-
burgh. Lon. 3° 23' W. Lat. 56° N. Pop. 558.
Queenstown, t. Upper Canada, on the Niagara,
under the ridge called Queenstown Heights, op-
posite Lewistown, 7 miles below Niagara falls, at
the head of navigation. It is the depot of all the
merchandise and stores brought from Montreal
and Quebec, for the use of the upper province.
Queenstown, p-t. Queen Ann's co. Md. on the
E. side of Chester river, 6 m. S. W. Centreville,
20 E. Annapolis.
Queich, r. Bavaria, which falls into the Rhine
near Germersheim.
Queige, t. Sardinian States, in Savoy, 4 m. N.
E. Conflans. Pop. l,5iX).
Queuing, or KoueUing, city of China, cap. of
Quangsee. Lon. 109° 51' E. Lat. 25" 12' N.
Quels, or Queiss, r. Prussian States, which di-
vides Silesia from Lusatia, and falls into the Bo-
ber, above Sagan. Its banks were, in September
1813, the scene of obstinate fighting between the
French and Prussians, to the advantage of the
latter.
Quelpaert, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of the pe-
ninsula of Corea. Lon. 126" 35' E. Lat. 33'
14' N.
Quelus, V. Portugal, 10 m. N. W. Lisbon,
Qwemado, port of Peru. Lat, 14° 20' S.
Qvxmahoning, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,392.
Quemenes, isl. in the English channel, near the
coast of France. Lon. 4° 48' W. Lat. 48° 22' N.
Quercy, formerly a province in the south of
France. It now constitutes the chief part of the
department of the Lot.
Queretaro, city. New Spain, in the intendancy
of Mexico. 95 m. N. W. IWexico. Lon. 100° 11'
W. Lat. 20° 38' N. Pop. about 35,000.
Querfurt, t. Prussian Saxony, in Mersebur^, 15
m. W. Merseburg, 29 W. Leipsic. Pop. 2,500,
Querigut, t. France, in Arriege, 27 m. S. E. Ta-
rascon. Pop. 800.
Querimba, a range of islands extending along
QU I
the E. coast of Africa, to the S. of Cape Delgado.
Lon. 40" 58' E. Lat. 12° 20' S.
Querkeiness, or Kerkeiness, 2 small islanJs in
rhe Mediterranean, off the coast of Tunis. Lon.
ir 12' E. Lat. 34° 59' N.
Qvernmoor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. E. S. E.
Lancaster. Pop. 471.
^uesada, t. Spain, in Jaen, 15 m. E. S. E. Ube-
da. Pop. 2,800.
Q^uesan, small islands off the E. coast of China.
Lon. 120" 52' E. Lat. 29° 22' N.
Q,ue.inoi/, t. France, dep. of the North, 20 m. E.
by N. Cambray. Pop. 4,000. It was taken by
the Austrians in 1793, but retaken by the French
in 1794. — It is the name of another town, 6 m. N.
W. Lisle. Pop. 3,700.
Queslembert, t. France, in Morbihan, 12 m. E.
Vannes. Pop. 3,500.
(^uetiehou, t. France, in La Manche, 9 m. N.
E, Valognes. Pop. 1,400.
Q,uevattcamps, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 14
aft, N. W. Mons, 16 E. S. E. Tournay. Pop.. 1,000.
Q,ueyjos, Cape, cape of Spain, on the coast of
Biscay. Lon. 3° 31' W. Lat. 43° 30' N.
^ueyrasy or Qmerow, t. France, in Upper Alps,
14 m. S. E. Briancon, 20 E. Embrua.
Quiberon, t. France, in Morbihan, with two har-
bours defended by batteries. 12 m. N. Belle-
Isle, 24 S. S. E. L'Orient.
Quibletown^ v. Middlesex co.'N. J. 6 m, N. New-
Brunswick.
Qiiibo, small isl. on the outer part of the bay
of Panama. Lon. 71° 33' 30" W. Lat. 70° 27'
30" N.
Quicaro, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Veragua. Lon. 82° 42' W. Lat. 7°
54' N.
Q,uicksmid Bay, a bay on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 124° W. Lat. 45° 50' N.
Quicksand River, r. N. America, which falls
into the Columbia, about 200 miles from its
mouth.
(^uicourre, r. Missouri Territory, which runs
into the Missouri, 1,000 miles above its mouth.
Quiers. See Cfiieri.
Quielo, r. Austrian States, which falls into the
Adriatic at Citta Nuova.
Quievrain, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m. E.
N. E. Valenciennes, 13 W.S.W. Mons. Pop. 1,500.
Quifca, s-p. Peru, 40 m. W. S. W. Arequipa.
Lat. 16" 45' S.
Qwt//<7?i, t. France, in Aude, on the river Aude,
14 m. S. Limoux, 26 S. by W. Carcassonne. Pop.
1,200.
Quillebcmf, t. France, in Eure, on the Seine, 9
m. N. of Pont Audemer. Pop. 1,200.
Quillimancy, r. Africa, having at its mouth a
town of the same name. Lon. 40" 10' E. Lat. 3°
10' S.
%dllimane, t. Mosambique, in E. Africa, at the
month of theZambeze. Lat. 17° 37' S.
Quillota, province, Chili. Pop. 14,000. Qt«7-
Wa, the capital, is pleasantly situated on the bor-
ders of the river Aconcagua. Lon. 71° 18' W. Lat.
32° 50' S.
Quiloa, city and seaport, E. Africa, cap. of a
sountry of the same name. It is built on an island
close to the mainland. Lon. 39° 47' E. Lat. 8°
41' S.
Quilotiia, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa.
Lat. 13° S.
Quiltaon, one of the Laccadive islands, in the
Eastern seas. Lon. 72° 45' E. Lat. 12° N.
QUI 6U
Qwi'mper, or Kimper Corentin, t. France, in
Finisterre, 34 m. S. E. Brest. Lon. 4° 5' 45" W.
Lat. 47° 58' 29" N. Pop. 7,000.
Quimperle, t. France, in Finisterre, 12 m. N.
"W. L'Orient, 28 E. by S. Quimper. Lon. 3° 9' W.
Lat. 47° 39' N.
Quince Island, small isl. near the S. W. coast of
Ireland, 5 m. W. Galley Head.
Quinchac, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, be-
tween the island of Chiloe and the continent of
Chili. Lat. 43° 30' S.
Quincy, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 8 m. S. Boston.
Pop. 1,281.
Quindiu, high and craggy mountains in Ne.w
Granada, over which there is a passage between
the provinces of Popayan and Santa Fe. Lat. 4''
36' N.
Quinebaug, formerly Mohegan, r. which rise,?
in Sturbridge, Mass. and, running S. into Connec-
ticut, joins the Shetucket, 3 miles above Norwich
landing.
Quingey, t. France, in Doubs, 12 m. S. by W.
Besan9on, 13 N. Salins.
Quinnipiack, or East river, r. Ct. whicli runs^
S. and flows into tlie N. E. side of New Haven
harbour.
Quinson, t. France, in Lower Alps, 31 m. S.
Digne.
Quintavibert. See Questembert.
Quinlanar de la Orden, t. Spain, in La Mancha,
29 m. S. S. E. Ocana.
Quinte, a bay and harbour in the N. E. part of
Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kingston, 50
miles long, and from 6 to 12 miles broad.
Quintin, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 12 m. S.-
by W. St. Brieux. Pop. 4,000.
Quinto, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ebro, 27
m. S. E. Saragossa.
Quinto, V. Switz. in Ticino, 25 m. N. N. W,
Bellinzona.
Quinzano, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. N. Cremona,
Pop. 3,000.
Quiriquina, small isl. of the Pacific ocean, at
the entrance of the bay of Conception.
Quiros, Cape, cape on the E. coast of the island
of Espiritu Santo, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 84"
53' E. Lat. 15° 44' S.
Quirpon, isl. near the N. coast of Newfound-
land. Lon. 52° 22' W. Lat. 51° 40' N.
Quisanga, small s-p. E. Africa. Lat. 12° 20' S.
Quissac, t. France, in Gard, 20 m. W. by N.
Nimes. Pop. 1,400.
Quistello, t. Austrian Italy, on the right bank of
the Secchia, near its influx into the Po, 12 m. S. S.
W. Mantua.
Quita-Sueno, shoals on the coast of Mexico, op-
posite Cape Gracias de Dios, 45 miles long. Lou.
81° W. Lat. 14° 20' N.
Quito, Audience of, country, S. America, in
New Granada, hounded N. by the audience of
Santa Fe, E. by the Portuguese dominions, W. by
the Pacific, and S. by Peru.
Quito, the capital of the above country, is near-
ly under the equator, on the eastern slope of the
western branch of the Andes, 35 leagues from the
Pacific ocean. The volcanic mountain of Fichin-
cha is the basis on which this celebrated city rests.
The streets, except the four principal ones, are
very irregular, owing to the inequalities, of the
ground which are so great, that they entirely de-
prive the inhabitants of the use of wheel carriages.
The city contains seven parish churches, a uni-
versity, with numerous convents, nunneries, fee.
The population is estimatea at 70,000. The
612
R A B
whites make up one-sixth part ; tlie mestizoes a
third part ; the Indians one-sixth ; and casts of
different kinds one-third. Quito is so happily sit-
uated, that neither the heat nor cold are trouble-
some, tliough the extremes of both may be felt in
the neighbourhood. This equality is constant
throughout the whole year, the difference between
the seasons being scarce perceivable ; but to
coanterbalance this advantage, here are dreadful
tempests of thunder and lightning, and still more
dreadful earthquakes, which often surprise the in-
habitants in the midst of security. On the 4th of
February 1797, the country was shaken by a most
dreadful earthquake, the face of the whole district
was changed, and in the space of a second, forty
thousand persons were hurled into eternity. The
height of Quito above the level of the sea is 9,510
feet. Lon. 78° 10' W. Lat. 0° 13' S.
Quilia, Danish fort, at the mouth of the Rio
Volta, between the Gold and Slave coasts of Af-
rica. Lon. 0" 8' E. Lat 6° N.
R A C
Quivre, r. Missouri, in St. Charles co. which
flows into the Mississippi. It is navigable 150
miles.
Quixas and Macas, the most easterly province
of the audience of Quito, and kingdom of New
Granada, bounded N. by Popayan, and E. by Por-
tuguese Guiana.
Qworf, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan. Lon. 74" 6' W. Lat. 33"
33' S.
^uoin, island in the Eastern seas, N. of the Ni-
cobar islands. Lon. 93" 23' E. Lat, 9" 56' N.
^uoirij small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
W. coast of Madagascar. Lon, 48° 14' E. Lat,
14' S.
^uoja, country of Africa, in the interior from
Sierra Leone, between 8° and 10" W. lon. and 7"
and 9" N. lat.
Quondanga, t. Birman empire, on the Irrar
wuddy, 42 m. N. Prome.
R.
Raab, or Gi/ori Varmegye, county, Hungary, on
both sides the Danube, and of the river Raab.
Pop. 78,000. Raab, Gyor, or Nany-Gyor, the
capital, is in a fine plain, surrounded by the Dan-
ube, the Raab, and the Rabnitz. It is fortified
both by nature and art. It is a bishop's see. Pop.
11,000, of whom 5,000 are within the fortifica-
tions. The chief manufacture is of knives and
swords. 38 m. S. S. E. Presburg, 66 E. S. E. Vi-
enna. Lon. 17" 6' E. Lat 47" 41' N.
Raab, r. Austrian states, which falls into the
Danube, by three channels, near the city of
Raab.
Raagoe, small isl. of Denmark, on the N. coast
of the island of Laaland. Lon. 11*19' E. Lat.
54° 58' N.
Raasay, or Raasa, isl. of the Hebrides, between
the mainland of Scotland and the isle of Skye,
15 miles long by 2 broad. Lon. 6" W. Lat 57"
25' N.
Raase, t. Austrian states, 20 m. W. Troppau.
Pop. 1,800.
Rnbasteins, t. France, in Tarn, on the river
Tarn, 18 m. N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,000.
Rabat. See Sallee.
Rabbah, in Sac. Geog. the chiefcity of the Am-
monites, near the source of the river Arnon.
Rabbath Muab, the capital of the ancient coun-
try of Moab, situated in a mountainous country,
E. of the Lake Asphaltites. Its ruins still remain ;
particularly some walls aad marble pillars belong-
ing to a large Corinthian temple.
Rabbit Island, small isl. near the N. coast of
Scotland. Lon. 4" 14' VV. Lat. 58" 30' N.
Rabensburg, v. Austria, at the influx of thfe
Theya into the March, 15 m. N. N. E. Zisters-
dorf.
Rabenslein, t. Austria, 11 m. S. S. W. St Pol-
ten.
Rabnabad, isl. in the bay of Bengal, 15 miles
long, by 5 broad. Lon. 90" 26' E. Lat 22" N.
Rabnabad, t. Bengal, in Backergunge, on the
E. bank of one of the numerous branches of the
Delta of the Ganges. Lat. not ascertained.
Racanello, r. Naples, in Calabria Citra, falls
into the gulf of Tarento, in lon. 16" 42' E. lat. 49'
37' N.
Racca, t Diarbekir, on the E. bank of tlic Eu-
phrates, at the mouth of a small river named Be-
les, founded, according to Pliny, by Alexander
the Great. It was the favourite residence of Ha-
roim al Rashed. Lon. 38" 50' E. Lat 36" 5' N.
Raccoon, t Gallia co. Ohio, on Raccoon creek,
12 m. W. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 510.
Raccoon Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 6 m. below Gallipolis, after a course of 50
miles.
Raccoon mountain, Tennessee. It is pierced by
Tennessee river, at the place called the Suck.
Race, Cape, cape on the S. E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 52" 30' W. Lat 46" 46' N.
Race, Point, the N. W. extremity of Cape Cod,
Mass. 3 m. N. W. Provincetown. Lon. 70" 12' W.
Lat. 42" 4' N.
Race of Alderney, or Ras de Blanquert, a nar-
row strait of the English channel, between the
isle of Alderney and Cape la Hogue, in France.
Rachore, district. Hind, in Bejapore, on the
river Kistnah. Rachore, the capital, is pleasantly
situated on the S. bank of the river. Lon. 78° 6'
E. Lat 16" 20' N.
Rachour, t. Hind, in Gurrah Mundella. Lon.
80" 5' E. Lat 23" N.
Rachxmty, t. India, in Gurrumcondah. Lon. 78"
40' E. Ldtl4"2'N.
Racket, r. N. Y. which rises near the sources of
the Hudson, and flows N. into the St. Lawrence, 2
m. above St. Regis. In the town of Cookham, it
falls, in a short distance, 200 feet. It is navigable
20 miles, to Louisville.
Racketon, v. Louisville, N. Y. at the head of the
batteaux navigation on Racket river, 20 m. (roid
its confluence with the St Lawrence, 25 E. Og-
densburg.
RAG
Rackibirn Island, small isl. near the W. coast of
Ireland. Lon.8°42'W. Lat. 54" 40' N.
Rackoke, one of the Kurile isles, about 13 miles
long, and the same broad.
Rackwils, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. N. Frau-
atadt. Pop. 1,300.
Raconigi, or Raconis, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S.
Carignano, 20 S. Turin. Pop. 10,500.
Racz-Kevi, t. Hungary, 24 m. S. Pest.
Raczki, t. Poland, 13 m. S. E. Augustow. Pop.
800.
Radanagur, t. Bengal, in Burdwan, 2 m. fi'om
Keerpoy.
Radaune, r. W. Prussia, which falls into the
Mottlau near Dantzic.
Radbusa, r. Bohemia, which joins the Misa near
Pilsen.
Radeberg, t. Saxony, 8 m. N. E. Dresden. Pop.
1,800.
Raden, or Rahden, t. Prussian states, 16 m. N.
W. Minden. Pop. 1,500.
Radeponi, v. France, in Eure, 10 m. S. E.
Rouen.
Rades, t. Tunis, in Africa, 5 m. S.E. Tunis.
Rade vor dem Walde, t. Prussian states, 24 m. E.
Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,700.
Radicofani, or Forte Radicofani, t. Tuscany, 38
m. S. E. Sienna.
Radkersbi-rg, t. Austrian states, on an island in
the Muhr, 107 m. S. by W. Vienna, 36 S. S. E.
Gratz. Pop. 2,400.
Radmar, v. Austrian states, 20 m. W. N. W.
Leoben.
Radno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 80 m. N. by
W. Luck.
Radnor, county, Wales, bounded N. by Mont-
gomeryshire and Shropshire, E. by Herefordshire,
S. and W. by Brecknockshire and part of Cardi-
gan. Extent, about 500 sq. miles. Pop. 20,900.
Radnor, Kew, t. and borough, Wales, in Rad-
nor CO. on the Somergill, 7 m. N. W. Kingston,
155 W. N. W. of London. Pop. 1,917.
Radolfsell, t. Baden, on the Lake Constance.
Pop. 1,100.
Radom, t. Poland, 54 m. S. Warsaw, 110 N. E.
Cracow. Pop. 1,500.
Radoviste, or Radovich, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania, 60 m. N. by W. Salonica. Pop. 2,000.
Radstadt, t. Austria, 39 m. S. S. E. Salzburg,
102 E. Innspruck. Pop. 800.
Radymno, t. Austrian Poland, 7 m. E. S. E. Ja-
roslav, 10 N. by E. Przemsyl. Pop. 1,500.
Radzicjmv, t. Poland, 17 m. W. Brzesc. Pop.
900.
Radzionz, t. Poland, 20 m. N. W. Plock. Pop.
SOO.
Radzivihi; t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 7 m. N.
W. Brody in Galicia.
Radzyn, t. Poland, 38 m. N. Lublin. Pop.
1,000.
Rae, the ruins of, formerly an immense city of
Persia, immediately S. of Tehraun.
Raen, or Raun, t. Austrian states, on the Save,
28 m. S. E. Cilley.
Rafael Cape, cape on the E. coast of Hispaciola.
Lon. 69° 46' E. Lat. 19° 2' N.
Rafin, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 73° 20'
E. Lat. 1 8° 26' N.
Ragats, t. Switz. in St. Gall, 5 m. S. S. E, Sar-
gans.
Ragged Harbour, bay on the E. coast of New-
foundlaod. Lea. 52° 43' W. Lat 49° 45' N.
R A I
613
Ragged Island, small isl. among the Bahamas.
Lon. 77° 16' W. Lat. 22° 27' N.
Ragged Island, a small isl. in the Eastern seas,
near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 119° 30' E.
Lat. 11°24'N.
Ragged Point, cape on the E. coast of the island
of Borneo. Lon. 116° 40' E. Lat. 2° 13' S.
Ragged Point, cape on the N. coast of St. Chris-
topher. Lon. 62° 42' W. Lat. 17° 30' N.
Raggendorf, t. Austria, 14 m. N. N. E. Vienna.
Pop. 1,400.
Raggiolo, t. Austrian Italy, 16 m. E. by N. Gu-
astalla.
Ragland, r. Eng. in Monmouth co. 8 m. W.
Monmouth.
Ragnit, t. East Prussia, in Gumbinnen, on the
Memel, 6 m. S. E. Tilsit. Pop. 2,100.
Ragoegur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 77° 30' E.
Lat. 24° 23' N.
Raguhn, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau, 6 m.
S.Dessau. Pop. 1,100.
Ragusa, a circle of Austrian Dalmatia, includ-
ing the islands of Curzola, Lagosta or Agosta, Mi-
leda, Guipana, Mezzo, Calamata, and aiew others.
It is bounded by the Turkish frontier on the E.
and the Adriatic on the W. Area, about 700 sq.
miles. Pop. 60,000.
Ragitsa, the chief town of the above district,
and an archbishop's see, is on a peninsula in the
Adriatic, with two large and commodious har-
bours. It carries on a traffic with the Levant and
Italy. Pop. 10,000. 278 m. E. by N. Rome, and
94 S.E. Spalatro. Lon. 18° 11' 55" E. Lat. 42" i
36'30"N.
Ragusa, t. in the S. of Sicily, in the Val di Noto,
28 m. W. by S. Syracuse. Lon. 14° 52' E. Lat.
36° 17' N. Pop. 20,000.
Rahapa, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 119° 4' E. Lat. 4°
58' N.
i2a/ia<, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80° E. Lat.
25° 32' N.
Rahdunpore, or Radonpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat,
Lon. 71° 45' E. Lat. 24° N.
Rahmanie, t. Lower Egypt, at the junction of
the Nile with the canal of Alexandria. 42 m. E.
S. E. Alexandria.
Rahna, r. which rises in Swedish Lapland, and
falls into the gulf of Bothnia, near the town of
Rahna, in Sweden.
Rahoon, t. Hind, in Lahore, 4 m. W. of the Sut-
telege river. Lon. 75" 35' E. Lat. 31° 5' N.
Rahova, or Orava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania,
on the Danube, 36 m. W. Silistria.
Railway, p-t. Essex co. N. J. on the river Rah-
way, which runs into Staten island sound 4 miles
below. Pop. 1,779. 4 m, S. W. Elizabethtown.
Rai, r. Austrian Italy, which issues from lake
St. Croce, and falls into the Piave,
Rai. See Rae.
Raiatea, one of the Society islands, in the South
Pacific ocean. The London Society have mission-
aries here. See Society Islands.
Raibaug, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 52' E.
Lat. 16° 35' N.
Rain, t. Bavaria, 22 ni. W. Ingolstadt, 20 N.
Augsburg. Pop. 1,200.
Rain, t. Austrian states, on the Save, 26 m. S.
S.E. Cilley.
Rainangboon, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank
of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94° 46' E. Lat. 20°
26' N.
614
RAJ
Rainford, i. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. by E.
Prescot. Pop. 1,315.
Rainham, v. Eng. in Kent, 3 m. E. S. E. Chat-
ham. Pop. 877.
Rainham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie.
Rainow, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. N. E. by E.
Macclesfield. Pop. 1,595.
Rainy Lake, lake on the boundary between the
United States and the British possessions, in 48°
15' N. lat. and between 92° and 93° W, Ion. It
discharges itself through Rainy lake river into the
lake of the Woods.
Raini/ River, r. Illinois, joins Illinois river 250
miles above its entrance into the Mississippi.
Rain/, fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73° 45' E.
Lat. 18" 16' N.
Raiseen, district, Hind, in Malwah. Raiseen,
the capital, is in lon. 77° 47' E. lat. 23° 19' N.
Raisin, r. Michigan, which rises in marshes
near the S. boundary of the Territory, and run-
ning E. about 60 miles, flows into Lake Erie 12 m.
N. of Maumee bay. It is about oOyards wide at its
mouth, and is navigable for small craft 7 miles, to
Monroe. Here are rapids, above which the river
is navigable nearly to its source. The lands on
this river have lately come into notice, and settle-
ments are rapidly extending.
Raisnes, v. France, dep. of the North, 3 m. N.
Valenciennes. Pop. 2,000.
Rajahary, t. Bengal, in Dacca, on the W. bank
of the river Megna. Lon. 96" 21' E. Lat. 23°
25' N.
Rajahnagur, t. Bengal, in Dacca, on the E.
side of the Ganges. Lon. 93° 14' E. Lat. 23°
22' N.
Rajamundroog, t and fort, Hind, in Bejapore,
at the entrance into the river of Mirjee, Lon. 73°
30' E. Lat. 14° 30' N.
Rajamundry, district. Hind, in the Circars,
bounded N. by Cicacole, S. by Ellore, W. by the
territories of the Nizam, and E. by the bay of Ben-
gal. Rajamundry, the capital, and the residence
of the British civil establishment, is on the N.
side of the Godavery. Lon. 81° 54' E. Lat. 16°
S9'N.
Raj Chohan, district, Hind, in Gundwaneh, be-
tween 23° and 24° N. lat. Chief town, Sonehut.
Raje Ghur, t. Hind, in Malwah, on the W.
bank of the Sopra. Lon. 76° 27' E. Lat. 23°
56' N.
Rajeghur, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the W.
bank of Cane river. Lon. 80° 5' E. Lat. 24°
44' N.
Rajemal, or RaJemaJial, district, Bengal, on the
W. side of the Ganges, in about 25° N. lat.
Rqjemahal, a very ancient city of Bengal, on
the W. bank of the Ganges, at the foot of a range
of hills. Lon. 97° 53' E. Lat. 25° 2' N.
Rajetz, t. Hungary, Poj). 4,400. 116 m. N. E.
Vienna, Lon. 18° 38' 45" E. Lat. 49° 5' 35'' N.
Near the town are three warm baths.
Rajka, or Rakendorf, t. Hungary, 11 m. S. S. E.
Presburg. Pop. 2,300.
Rajoor, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 80° E. Lat.
19° 56' N.
Rajoora, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 77° 15'
E. Lat. 18" 38' N.
Rajpoor, or Rajapore, t. and fort. Hind, in Be-
japoor, on the shore of tfie Concan. Lon. 73° 25'
E. Lat. 16" 4.5' N.
Rajpoor, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 02" 50' E.
Lat. 24" 37' JV.
RAM
Rakokte. See Rackoke.
Rakonitz, one of the sixteen circles into whicii
Bohemia is divided. Area, 1,060 square miles.
Pop. 133,000. Rakonitz, the capital, is 26 m. W.
Prague. Lon. 13° 56' E. Lat. 50° 6' 36" N.
Rakosch, t. Hungary, 36 m. S. S. E. Vienna.
Rakow, t. Poland, 62 m. E. N. E. Cracow.
Rakoweena, harbour on the coast of Kamts-
chatka, in Avatsha bay, 3 m. S. St.-Peter-and-St.-
Paul.
Rakwits, t. Prussian Poland, 33 m. W. S. W.
Posen. Pop. 1,200.
Raleigh, t. Kent co. Upper Canada, extending
from Lake P'rie to the river Thames.
Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina, is in
Wake CO. 10 miles from the court-house ; 123 N.
W. Newbern, 60 N. Fayetteville, 24 E. Chapel
Hill, 140 S. S. W. Petersburg, 20 N. W. Smith-
field, the nearest point of navigation. It is a beau-
tiful town ; and contains a state-house, theatre,
bank, 2 academies, 2 houses of public worship,
and 3 printing offices. In the centre of the town
is Union Square, containing 10 acres, from which
extend 4 streets, which divide the town into four
quarters. In the centre of these quarters are 4
other squares, of 4 acres each. The four large
streets are 99 feet wide ; the others 66. The
state-house is a beautiful building of brick, 102
feet long, 56 broad, and 43 feet high, standing on
an elevation in the centre of union square. A
space in the state-house has been prepared for the
reception of a superb statue of Washington, exe-
cuted by the first artist in the world, at the ex-
pejise of the state of North Carolina. Pop. in
1816, 1,680, of whom 592 were slaves. Lon. 78°
48' W. Lat. 35° 44' N.
Ralphsville, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie,
at the mouth of the Ashtabula, 11 m. N. Jefferson,
Ram, t. and fort, Eu. Turkey, on the Danube,
opposite Uj Palanka, 40 m. E. Belgrade.
Ratn Head, cape, on the S. coast of Ireland, 4
m. E. Youghal bay. Lon. 7° 44' W. Lat. 51° 56' N.
Ram Head, cape on the S. E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 149° 35' E. Lat. 36° 56' S.
Rama, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 20 m. N. W. Mo-
star.
Rama, or Ramla, t. Palestine, in one of the
most extensive and fertile districts of the Holy
Land, 25 m. W. N. W. Jerusalem.
Ramada, or J^ew Salamanca, t. S. America, in
Santa iMartha, 90 m. E. Santa Martha. Lon. 72°
20' W. Lat. iriO'N.
Ramagiri/, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 33' E.
Lat. 12" 44' N.
Ramapo, or Ringwood, r. which rises in New
York, and flowing into New Jersey, joins the
Passaic.
Ramapo Works, p-v. in Hampstead, N. Y. on
Ramapo river, containing extensive iron works,
40 m. N. New York.
Ramos, Cape, cape on the coast of Malabar.
Lon. 73° 35' E. Lat. 15° 10' N.
Ramath, or Ramoth, in Sac. Geog. t. in Gilead.
Rambervillers, t. France, in Vosges, 14 m. N. E.
Epinal, 15 N. W. St. Die. Pop. 4,900.
Rambla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 17 m. S. by W.
Cordova. Pop. 5,000.
Rambouillet, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 30
m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 2,600.
Ramdroog, fort. Hind, in Bejapore. Lat. not
ascertained.
Rame, v. Eng. in Cornwall, near Moimt Edge-
R A M
RAN
QIB
cvmvb. Here is a promontory called Raiahead.
Lon. 4" 12' 29" W. Lat, 60° 18' 31" N. Pop. 978.
Ramcrgh, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 79° 32'
E. Lat. 18" 31' N.
Rameses, in Sac. Geog. a town and country in
Lower Ejcypt. The countrj'^ formed part of the
land of Goshen, and the town of Rameses corres-
ponds with the city Hieropolis.
Rametia, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 6 m.
W. Messina. Pop. 2,000.
Rarngerrt/y t. and fort, India, in Malabar, half
way between the Malabar coast and Paligaut-
chery.
Ramghauf, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank
pf the Ganges. Lon. 78° 22' E. Lat. 28° 12' N.
Ramgonga, r. Hind, which falls into the Gan-
ges, 10 m. N. Canouge.
Ramgunge, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80" 33' E.
Lat. 26" 37' N.
Ramgur, district, Hind, in Bahar. Chief towns,
Ramgur, Chittra, and Muckundgunge. Ramgur,
the capital, is on the N. bank of Dummoodah riv-
er. Lon. 85''43'E. Lat. 23° 38' N.
Ramgurry, fort, India, in Mysore, 20 m. S. W.
Chitteldroog.
RamilHes, or Ramelies, v. Netherlands, in South
Brabant. On 23d May 1706, the allied forces un-
«ler the duke of Marlborough, obtained here a sig-
nal victory over the French. 13 m. N. Namur, 26
S. E. Brussels.
Raniketvm, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74" 20'
E. Lat. 18° 41' N.
Ramla. See Rama.
Ramlosa, v. Sweden, in Schonen, 3 m. N. Hel-
singborg.
Rammekcns, fort, Netherlands, in the island of
Walcheren, on the Scheldt, 3i m. I'rom Middle-
burg.
Rammisser, t. Hind, in Khandeish, at the junc-
tion of the river Ghirah and Tuptee. Lon. 75° 21'
E. Lat. 21° 4' N.
Rammisseram Isle, isl. in the straits between
Hindostan and Ceylon, 11 miles long by 6 broad.
It contains a celebrated temple, with an image of
the demigod Ram, and the concourse of pilgrims
is very great. Lou. 79° 21' E. Lat. 9° 17' N.
Ramnad, t. Hind, and capital of a district of the
same name, in Marawar. Lon. 78° 49' E. Lat. 9°
24' N.
Ramnagiir, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the E.
bank of the Ganges, opposite Benares. Lon. 83° 1'
E. Lat. 25° 30' N.
Ramnode, t. Hind, in Malwab. Lon. 78° 5' E.
Lat. 25° 6' N.
Ramonchamp, t. France, in Vosges, on the Mo-
selle, 11 m. S. E. Remiremont Pop. 2,400.
Ramoo, t. Bengal, in Chittagong, on the high
road from Islamabad to Arracan. Lon. 92° 1 5' E.
Lat. 21° 27' N.
Ramos, or Lamos, r. W. Africa, which runs in-
to the Atlantic, 60 m. N. N. W. Cape Formosa.
Rampoor, city. Hind, and cap. of a district of
the same name, belonging to the British, on the
Soosey or Cossila river. Lon. 78° 58' E. Lat. 28°
50' N. — Ram being the name of one of the Hin-
doo demigods, there are innumerable places call-
ed after him.
Ramsay, Point, cape on the S. E. coast of the
island of Lewis. Lon. 6° 36' W. Lat. 57° 44' N.
Ramsbury, v. Eng. in Wilts. Pop. 2,095.
Ramsden, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance of Observatory inlet,
Lon. 230° 2' E. Lat. 54° 49' N.
Ramsey, t. Eng. in the isle of Man, 16 m. N.
Douglas. Lon. 4° 26' W. Lat. 54° 17' N. Pop.
1,610.
Raimey, t. Eng. in Huntington co. 11 m. N. N.
E. Huntingdon, 69 N. London. Lon.0"6'W. Lat.
52° 27' N. Pop. 2,390.
Ramsey, isl. Wales, on the coast of Pembroke-
shire, 4 m. S. S. W. St. David's. Lon. 6° 20' W.
Lat. 51° 53' N.
Ramsey'' s Ferry, p-v. Livingston co. Ken.
Ramsgate, seaport, Eng. in Kent co. noted for
its excellent artificial harbour, and also as a fash-
ionable resort for sea-bathing. It is on tlie E.
coast of the isle of Thanet, between the North
and South Forelands, and commands a delightful
prospect of the Downs and the British Channel.
The harbour was intended to afford security to
vessels in the Downs, that were driven from their
moorings by stress of weather, many vessels hav-
ing been lost for want of this accommodation. It
consists of two immense piers, extending from the
coast about 80O feet into the sea, and bending to-
wards each other, so as nearly to approach and
inclose a circular area of 46 acres, which forms
the harbour. The sums expended on it have
been estimated at between 600,OOOZ. and 700,0001.
5 m. S. Margate, 72 E. London. Lon. 1°25' E. Lat-
51° 20' N. Pop. in 1811, 4,221.
Ranai, or Oranai, one of the Sandwich islands
in the North Pacific ocean, about 9 m. W. Mo-
wee. Lon. 155° W. Lat. 20° 51' N.
Ranakburn Point, cape, Scotland, on the W.
coast of Kintyre. Lon. 5° 46' W, Lat. 55° 41' N.
Rancagua, province. Chili, between the rivers
Maypo andCachapoal, and between the Andes and
the sea. Pop. 12,000. It has mines of gold of
very fine quality. Rancagua, the capital, also
called Santa Cruz de Triana, is on the river Ca-
chapuel, 53 m. S. Santiago. Lon. 70° 42' W. Lat.
34° 18' S.
Ranee, r. France, in Cotes du Nortt, which falls
into the sea, at St. Malo.
Rancheria, settlement, New Gi-anada, 20 m. N.
E. Hacha. Lon. 72° 36' W. Lat. 11° N.
Ranchtria, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of V^eragua. Lon. 82° 16' W. Lat. T
50' N.
Ranchos, fort, Buenos Ayres, 55 m. S. Buenos
Ayres. Lon. 58° 16' 14" W. Lat. 35° 30' 30' S.
Rancon, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 23 m. N.
Limoges. Pop 2,000.
Randalstown, t. Ireland, in Antrim, 4 m. W. N.
W. Antrim, 38 S. E. Londonderry.
Randans, t. France, in Auvergne, 14 m. N. E.
Riom. Pop. 1,100.
Randazzo, t. Sicilv, in the Val di Demona, 23
m. N. Catania, 38 S.'E. Messina. Lon. 15° 4' E.
Lat. 37° 57' N. Pop. 12,000.
Randeradf, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 10 m. N. W. Juliers. Pop. 2,600.
Randers, t. Denmark, in North Jutland. It
stands on the river Guden, near the Baltic, and
is the second town in Jutland. Vessels can come
within 8 miles of the town. Pop. 4,600. 23 m.
E. Viborg, 20 N. by W. Aarhuus. Lon. 10° 3' 32'
E. Lat. 56° 27' 48'' N.
Randersacker, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 2m.S.
E. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,100.
Randier, t. Hind, in Gujerat, opposite to Sural,
on the N. side of Tupty river. Lon. 73° 3' E. Lat.
21° 16' N.
Randinl^l": "n}-'^^ ■-?. Lower Canada, formed
616
RAN
R A S
by the St. La^vTence, before it spreads out into
lake St. Peter.
Randolph, p-t. Orange co, Vt. on two branches
of White river, 36 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 2,255.
The village contains an academy, and a Congre-
gational meeting-house. Here is a large bed of
iron ore, and several iron works are erected.
Randolph, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S.Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,170.
Randolph, t. Broome co. N. Y.
Randolph, t. jMorris co. N. J. Pop. 1,271.
Randolph, co. in the N. W. part of Virginin.
JPop. 2,854. Slaves, 111. Chief town, Beverly.
Randolph, co. in the central part of N. C. Pop.
10,112. Slaves, 799.
Randolph. See Jasper co. Geo.
Randolph, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N.W.
Dayton. Pop. 936.
Randolph, p-t. Stark co. Ohio.
Randolph, co, Indiana.
Randolph, co. Illinois. Pop. 7,275. Cliief town,
Kaskaskia.
Random, t. Essex co. Vt. 58 m. N. Montpelier.
Random Island, small isl. in Trinity bay, near
the E. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53'' 40' W
Lat. 48" 15' N.
Randow, r. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
which falls into the Ucker, 3 m. S. Uckermunde.
Rangalore, t. and fort. Hind, in Northern Cir-
cars. Lon. 83° 20' E. Lat. 18" 20' N.
Rangamutty, district, Bengal. Rangamutty,
the capital, is in lon. 90° E. lat. 26° 9' N.
Rangamutty, t. Bengal, on the E. bank of the
Bhaggarutty river. Lon. 88" 18' E. Lat. 24° N.
Range, t. Madison co. Ohio.
Rangendingen, v. Germany, in Hohenzollern-
Hechingen, 7 m. E. Hechingen. Pop. 1,100.
Rangoon, city, and principal port of the Bir-
xnan empire, on the N. bank of the eastern branch
of the Irrawuddy river, 30 miles from its mouth.
The population is said to amount to 30,000, com-
posed of persons from all parts of the world, after
the Birmans and Peguers. The native Portu-
guese and Chinese are the most numerous ; the
latter are all carpenters, and obtain employment
in the dock- yards. The place is extremely com-
modious for the construction of ships. All kinds
«f European goods are imported here, and a va-
riety of cloths from different parts of India ; also
tea, sugar-candy, and porcelain from China. The
exports are chiefly wax, ivory, and timber. It is
the only port in the Birman empire with which
Europeans are allowed to trade. The American
Baptists have employed two Missionaries here,
but owing to the opposition of the Birman govern-
ment, it is supposed that they will be obliged to
leave the country. Lon. 'dQ" 9' E. Lat. 16" 47' N.
Ranguana, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88° 52' W. Lat.
16° 25' N.
Rankweil, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, 1 m. N.
Feldkirch. Lon. 9° 39' 33" E. Lat. 47° 15' 15" N.
Pop. 900.
Ranny Bednore, t. Hind. Lon. 75° 42' E. Lat.
14° 36' N.
Rannypore, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 79" 16'
E. Lat.'25° 13' N.
Ransom^ s bridge, p-v. Halifax co. N. C.
Rantampore, t. and fort, Hind, and capital of a
district in Ajmcer. Lon. 76° 25' E. Lat. 26° 2' N.
Ranu'orlh, v. Eng. in Norfolk, on the Bure, op-
posite Ludham, 9 m. from Norwich.
Ranzair, County of. See Barmftad/.
Ram VEtape, t. France, in Meurthe, at the
confluence of the Etape and the Meurthe, 34 m.
S. E. Nancy. Pop. 2,600.
Rapallo, t. Sardinian states, at the bottom of a
small gulf, 18 m. E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,500.
Rapel, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, in lat. 34° 8' S.
Raphoe, t. Ireland, in Donegal, 21 m. N. E. Do-
negal, 1 1 S. W. Londonderry.
Raphoe, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,814.
Raphoe Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
America, in Dean's Canal, on the coast of New
Hanover. Lon. 232° 55' E. Lat. 52° 43' N.
Rapid Ajin, r. Va. which joins the Raftpahan-
nock, 10 m. above Fredericksburg.
Rapid Plat, small isl. Up. Canada, in the river
St. Lawrence, in front of Williamsburg.
Rapid River, r. N. America, which runs into
Hudson bay.
Rapide, co. Louisiana, on both sides of Red
river. Fop. 2,200. Chief town, Alexandria.
Rapollo, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 55 m. E.
N. E. Salerno, 84 E. Naples. It is the see of i.
bishop.
Raposo, r. S. America, in Popayan, which en-
ters the Pacific ocean, in the bay of Buenaven-
tura, lat. 3° 48' N.
Rappahannock, r. Va. which rises in the Blue
Ridge, and running S. E. about 130 miles, enter?
Chesapeake bay between Windmill and Stingray
points, 30 miles south of the mouth of the Potomac.
It passes by Falmouth, Fredericksburg, Port Roy-
al, Leeds, Tappahannock, and Urbanna. It ha^
4 fathoms water to Hobb's hole, and is navigable
for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to Freder-
icksburg, 110 miles from its mouth. Measures
have been recently taken to improve the naviga-
tion above Fredericksburg.
Rappersweil, t. Switzerland, in St. Gall, at the
narrowest part of the lake of Zurich, 15 m. S. E,
Zurich, 21 S. W. St. Gall. Pop. 3,000.
Rapsiane, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, at the
foot of Mount Olympus, li m. from the right bank
of the Peneus, and 18 from Larissa. Pop. 4,000.
Rarce, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73" 30' E.
Lat. 15° 50' N.
Raren, or Raron, v. Swiss canton of the Valais,
21 m. E. Sion,
Raritan, r. N. J. formed by two branches which
unite in Somerset county. It rises a little S. of E.
and passing by New Brunswick and Amboy, falls
into Amboy bay at the south end of Staten island.
Sloops of 80 tons ascend to New Brunswick, 17
miles. It has long been in contemplation to con-
nect this river with the Delaware by a canal.
See N'eiv Jersey.
Raritan, t. Somerset co. N. J. on the Raritan,
12 m. N. W. Brunswick.
Ras, or Passage du Ras, strait, on the N. W
coast of France, between the island of Sains ano
the mainland, a little S. of Brest.
Ras el Khyma, t. Arabia, on the Persian gulf,
the capital of the Pirate coast. It stands on a
sandy peninsula, and is well fortified. The Brit-
ish destroyed the defences in 1809, but they were
afterwards repaired ; and a new expedition wa«
sent against the place a few years since. Lon.
55°30'E. Lat. 25° 49' N.
Ras at Mahbees, cape, Arabia, in the Red sea
L3t. 32° 18' N.
Ras Mohammed, cape, Arabia, in the Red sea
forming the S. point of the promontory of Sinai.
RAT
R A V
en
divides the head of that sea into two branches.
Lata?" 54' N.
Ras al J\''ashef, cape, Egypt, in the Red sea.
Lat. 23° 16' N.
Ras Roitze, cape, on the E. coast of Arabia.
Lat. 21" 55' N.
Ras Fire, cape, on the S. coast of Arabia, form-
ing the extremity of the bay of Curia Muria.
Lat. 17- 25' N.
Ras Za/rancj cape, Egypt, in the Red sea, 32
m. S. S. E. Suez.
Rasa, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa. Lat.
17° 8' S.
Rasay. See Raasay.
Rasclh, t. Bavaria, 2 m. S. S. E. Altdorf.
Rascians, or Raitzen, a numerous tribe, of Scla-
vonic descent, inhabiting the Bannat, Sclavonia,
and other parts of the south of Hungary.
Raseb, al, fortified pass in the mountains of
Great Bukharia, 165 m. E. Samarcaud.
Raseborg, s-p. Russia, in Finland, 30 m. S. E.
Abo.
Rasiculmo, cape on the N. coast of Sicily. Lon.
12"49'E. Lat. 38M8'N.
Rasnes, t. France, in Orne, 12 m. S. W. Ar-
gentan, 23 N. W. Alencon. Pop. 2,200.
Raspberry Island, small isl. on the N. W. coast
of America. Lon. 2.30" 3' E. Lat. 54" 3' N.
Rasselsteirv, v. Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, 1 m. from Neawied.
It has large iron works.
Rassovat, t. Ea. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m. N.
E. Dristra. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat. 44° 25' N.
Rasladt, t. Germany, in Baden, on the Murg,
aear the Rhine. It is the cliief town of the dis-
trict of the Murg, and the seat of one of the four
courts of justice of the grand duchy. 20 m. N.
N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 4,200.
Rastenberg, t. Germany, 15 m. N. by E. Wei-
mar. Pop. 900.
Raslenburg^ t. East Prussia, 55 m. S. S. E. Ko-
nigsberg. Pop. 2,200.
Rastico Harbor, Grand, bay in the gulf of St.
I^awrence, on the N. coast oi the island of St.
John. Lon. 62° 50' VV. Lat. 46° 25' N.
Rastrick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 ra. N. by W.
Huddersfield. Pop. 2,442.
Raszkow, t. Prussian Poland, 15 m. W. by S.
Kalisch. Pop. 900.
Rat Island, small isl. on the coast of Sumatra,
9 m. W. Fort Marlborough, Bencoolen. Lon.
101° 55' E. Lat. 3° 57' S.
Ratan, harbor, Sweden, on the W. coast of
the gulf of Bothnia. Lat. 63" 58' 43" N.
Ratcliff on Soare, v. Eng. in Nottinghamshire,
near the confluence of the Soare with the Trent,
8i m. S. W. Nottingham.
Ratclifft, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 2i m. E.
by S. St. Paul's cathedral, London, and within
the bill of mortality. Pop. 6,998.
Rathcormick, t. Ireland, in Cork co. 12 m. E.
Mallow, 14 N. Cork.
Ratheim, t. Prussian states, 12 m. N. N. E. Ju-
(iers. Pop. 900.
Rathtnau, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the
Havel, 42 m. W. Berlin, 43 N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Pop. 4,100.
RfUhlin Island, small isl. near the N. coast of
Ireland. Lon. 6° 6' W. Lat. 52" 20' N.
Ratlimines, v. Ireland, 1^ m. fr. Dublin ciutle.
Rnlibor, t. Prussian Silesia, on the left bank of
the Oder, which here becomes navigable, 87 m. S.
E Bre-lau. Pop. 3,500
78
Ratiborzicze, t. Bohemia, 46 m. S.-by E. Prague*
Pop. 800.
Ralisbon, an ancient city in the central part of
Germany, long known as the place of meeting for
the diet of the empire. It is in Bavaria, on the
S. bank of the Danube, opposite the influx of the
river Regen, from which its German name, Re-
gensburg, is derived. The majority of the in-
habitants are Catholics. It was long the see of au
archbishop, but in 1817, was reduced to a bisho-
pric. 63 m. N. N. E. Munich, 127 S. W, Prague.
Lon. 12° 3' 23" E. Lat. 49° 0' 43" N. Pop. 22,000.
Ratmansdorf, t. Austrian states, on the Save, 32
m. S. Clagenfurt.
RaloaUi, t. Ireland, in Meath co. 12 m. E. Trim,
12 N. W. Dublin.
Raischa, stroiig fort, Austrian states, on an isl-
and at the confluence of the Drino and the Save,
53 m. W. Belgrade.
Ratscha^h, t. Austrian states, in Carniola, on
the Save, 30 m. E. Laybach.
Raltelsdorf, t. Bavarian states, at the confluence
of the Ilz and the Maine, 9 m. N. Bamberg. Pop.
900.
Rattenbers;, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, 24
m. E. N. E.^nnspruck. Pop. 800.
Raltingen, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 4 m. x\, E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,800.
Raitolaw, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 72° 15'
E. Lat. 22" 3' N.
Rattray Head, promontory, Scotland, in Aber-
deenshire, 7 m. E. Kinnsfrd's Head, 7 m. N. Pe-
terhead. Lon. 1" 44' W. Lat. 57° 32' N.
Ratzehur, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 5S
m. S. by E. Coslin. Pop. 1,200.
Ratzeburg, principality in the north of Ger-
many, belonging to the grand duke of Mecklen-
burg-Strelitz, and adjacent to the territory of Lu-
bec. Extent, 136 square miles. Pop. 11,000.
Ratzeburg, t. Denmark, in the duchy of Lauen-
burg, on an island in a lake of the same name. 1 1
m. S. by E. Lubec. Pop. 2,000.
Raizkeve, or Raitzenmarkt, t. Hungary, on the
W. bank of the Danube, 17 m. S. W. Buda. Lon.
18°58'E. Lat. 47" 9' 30' 'N.
Ram, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Dan-
ube, 38 m. VV. Nicopolis, 45 E. by S. Vidin. Pop
2,000.
Rata, t. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, about
midway between Kerkesiehand Anna.
Raucourt, v. France, in Ardennes, 9 m. S. Se-
dan. Pop. 1,400.
Raudnits, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 23 m. N.N.
W. Prague. Pop. 1,100.
Ravello, t. Naples, 8 m. W. Salerno, 22 S. E. Na-
ples. Pop. 1,700. It is a bishop's see.
Raren, Point, the N. point at the entrance into
Wexford haven, Ireland, 4 m. E. Wexford. Lon.
6° 38' W. Lat. 52° 23' N.
Ravenna, a delegation or district in the east of
Italy, in the States of the Church, containing a
population of 124,000.
Ravenna, a largo and v/ell known town, Italy,
in the States of the Church, in a marshy district,
near the mouth of the Montone. It once had a.
considerable port, but it is now filled up with
mud, which has accumulated to such a degree,
that the city is now three or four miles from the
sea. It is the see of an archbishop, and the resi-
dence of a papal legate. 40 m. E. Bologna, 70
N. E. Florence. Lon. 12" Iff E. Lat 44° SS' N.
Pop. 12,000.
Ravenna, p-t. and cap. Portage co. Ohio, on th^
.018
KAY
Cuyahoga, 35 m. S. E. Cleveland, 140 N. E. Co-
lumbus. Here is a woollen manufactory.
Rave7isberg, a county of Prussian Westphalia,
which now forms part of the government of Min-
den. Area, 670 square miles. Pop. 90,000.
Ravemburg, t. Wirtemberg, 21 m. E. N. E.
Constance. Pop. 3,300.
Ravenglass, t. England, in Cumberland, at the
mouths of the Irt and the Esk, 24 m. S. Cocker-
mouth.
Ravenstein, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
on the Maese, 4 m. N. W. Grave, 18 E. N. E.
BoisleDuc. Pop. 1,500.
Ravenstondale, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 5 m.
S. S. W. Kirkby Stephen.
Ravey, the Hydraotes of the Greeks, r. Hind,
•which rises in Cashmere, and running S. W. pas-
ses Lahore, and joins the Indus, 20 m. below
Moultan, after a course of 500 miles.
Ravieres, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m. S.E. Ton-
uerre, 30 E. by S. Auxerre. Pop. 1,100,
RavUpandy, t. Hind, in Punjab, about halfway
between the Indus and the Jhylum or Hydaspes
rivers. Lat. not ascertained.
Ravitz, or Rawitsch, fortified t. Prussian Poland,
near the confines of Silesia. Pop. 8,000, of whom
1,200 are Jews. 55 m. S. Posen.
Raujeshy, extensive and valuable district of
Bengal, between the 24° and 25" N. lat. intersect-
ed in its whole length by the Ganges.
Ravmo, or Ranieac, s-p. Eu. Russia, in Finland,
on the gulf of Bothnia, 53 m. N. by W. Abo.
Lon. 2r 27' 5" E. Lat. 68" 8' N. Pop. 1,700.
Rauris, t. Austria, 35 m. S. Salzburg. Pop.
1,700.
Rausckenberg, t. Gerntany, in the electorate of
Hesse, 8 m. N. N. E. Marburg, 38 S. S. W. Cas-
iel. Pop. 1,200.
Rawa, t. Poland, 40 m. S. W. W^arsaw. Pop.
1,800.
Rawaady t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 72° 12' E.
Lat. 33° 5' N.
Rawak, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, off the
N. coast of W^aygiou. Lon. 131° 15' E. Lat. 0"
3'N.
Rawankrad, lake in the mountains of Thibet,
which gives rise to the river Suttelege.
Raway. See Rahway.
Rawcliffe, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. E. by N.
Snaith. Pop. 1,143.
Rawdon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. E. by N.
Bradford. Pop. 1,450.
Rawdon, t. Leiuster co. Lower Canada, 34 m.
N. Montreal.
Rawdon, t. Nova Scotia, 40 m. from Halilax.
Rawson, t. Hastings co. Upper Canada, W. of
Kingston.
Rawsonsville, t. Montgomery co. N. Y.
Ray, Cape, the S. W. point of Newfoundland.
Lon. 59° W^ Lat. 47° 32' N.
Raybaugh, district, Hind, in Bejapore. Ray-
faaugh, the capital, is in lon. 75° E. lat. 16° 46' N.
Raymond, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 24 m. N.
Portland. Pop. 826.
Raymond, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 898.
Rayne, or Rain, Old, t. Scotland, in Aberdeen-
shire, 24 m. W. N. W. Aberdeen.
Raynham, t. Bristol co. Mass. on Taunton river,
3 m. E. Taunton, 32 S. Boston. Pop. 1,154. Iron
ore of excellent quality is found here, and bar
iron, hollow ware, n^uls, &c. arc manufactured'
R E C
The first forge set up in America, was erected a*
this place in 1652, by James and Henry Leonard;
natives of England.
Razo, Cape. See Race, Cape.
Razor Island, small isl. off the coast of Brazil.
12 m. S. Rio Janeiro.
Re, isl. near the W. coast of France, opposite
La Rochelle, 12 miles long and 3 broad. Pop.
17,000. Lon. 1° 33' W. Lat. 46° 14' N.
Rea, r. Eng. in Worcester and Staffordshire?,
which runs into the Tame, near Yarnton Hall.
Reach, t. York co. Upper Canada, N. E. of
York.
Readjield, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 7 m. W.
Augusta. Pop. 1,396.
Reading, borough t. Eng. and cap. of Berk-
shire, on the Kennet, at its junction with the
Thames. It is advantageously situated for trade,
and exports 20,000 sacks of flour annually to tlie
metropolis. Pop. 12,000. 8 m. S. Henley-on-
Thames, 39 W. London. Lon. 0° 38' W. Lat
51°27'N.
Reading, i. Windsor co. Vt. 9 m. W. Windsor.
Pop. 1,565.
Reading, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. N.
Boston. Pop. including South Reading, 2,228.
Large quantities of shoes are manufactured here.
Reading, South, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 1 m.
N. Boston. It was formed from part of Reading,
in 1812.
Reading, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 60 m. S. W.
Hartford. Pop. 1,717.
Reading, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Seneca lake, 23 m. N. E. Bath. Pop. 1,210.
Reading, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 732.
Reading, p-t. and cap. Berks co. Pa. on tlic
Schuylkill, 54 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 44 S. W.
Bethlehem, 31 N. E. Lancaster, 54 E. Harris-
burg. It is a flourishing town, regularly laid out,
and inhabited chiefly by Germans ; and contains
a court-house, jail, an elegant church for German
Lutherans, a church for Calvinists, one for Ro-
man Catholics, and one for Friends. In the vi-
cinity are several fine mill seats, and the town is
famous for the manufacture of hats. Pop. 3,462
Reading, t. Butler co. Ohio.
Reading, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 789.
Reading, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Cin-
cinnati.
Reading, t. Perry co. Ohio, in which is Somer-
set, the county seat.
Readington, or Riddenton, t. Hunterdon co. N.
J. 17 m. N. W. New Brunswick. Pop. 1,797.
Readsborough, p-t. Clearfield co. Pa.
Readyville, p-t. Ruthei-ford co. Ten.
Reah, t. Syria, 36 m. S. S. W. Aleppo.
Realejo, t. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, on a bay
of the Pacific ocean, at the mouth of a river, both
of the same name, 18 m. N. W. Leon. Lou. 87'
60' W. Lat. 12° 45' N.
Realejo, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast oi" Popayan. Lat. 4° 16' N.
Realmoni, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. S. Albi, 14
N. Castres. Pop. 2,300.
Realville, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on
the Aveyron, 9 m. N. E. Montauban. Pop. 2,500.
Reamstown, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa.
Reaume, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the
S. side of the St. Lawrence, 53 m. N. E. Quebec-
Rebais, t. France, in Seine- and-Mame, 9 m.
N. E. Coulommiers. Pop. 1,300.
Recanali, (an. Recinelum,) t. Italy, in the Ec-
clesiastical State?, near the Musone, 4 m. S. W.
RED
RED
61S
Loretto, 13 S. Ancona. Lon. 13° 31' E. Lat. 43°
25' N. Pop. 4,000.
Recco, t. Sardinian states, on the sea coast, 10 m.
j E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,000.
j Recey sur Ource^ t. France, in Cote d'Or, 36 m.
i ??. W. Dijon. Pop. 800.
I Reche, t. Eng. in Cambridgeshire, 5i m. W. by
y.. Newmarket.
Rechecourf, t. France, in Meurthe, 12 m. S. W.
I Sarreburg,20 N.E. Luneville. Pop. 1,000.
Recherche Jlrchipelago, islands, stretching about
, 126 miles along the S. coast of New Holland, be-
' tween 33° and 34" S. lat.
\ Rechnits, t. Hungary, 7 m. S. S. W. Guntz.
i Pop. 2,200.
Rechieren, See Speckfeld.
I Recife. See Perna7)ibuco.
j Recinetum. See Recanati.
Reckem, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 8 m. N.
Maestricht. Pop. 900.
Reckenberg, t Saxony, 23 m. S. W. Dresden,
17 S. S.E.Freyberg.
1 ReckenitZf r, Germany, which forms the boun-
I dary between Mecklenburg and Pomerania, and
j falls, at Daragard, into a lake which communi-
cates with the Baltic.
Reckhcim. See Reckem.
Recklinghausen, t. Prussian states, on the Lippe,
\ 29 m. S. VV. Munster. Pop. 1,200. The county
I has an area of 264 square nules, with 27,000 in-
I habitants.
' RecoarOy v. Austrian Italy, 22 m. N. by W. Vc-
! rona.
I Recreation Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean.
I Lon. 148° W. Lat. 16° S.
I Rectortoivn, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Reculrer, v. Eng. in Kent, 8 m. N. E. Canter-
bury, Pop. 266.
Red Bank, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 943.
Red Bank, fort, Gloucester co. N. J. on the
river Delaware, 7 m. S. Philadelphia.
Red Bank, p-v. Colleton district, S. C.
Red Bay, bay, on the S. E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 56" 10' W. Lat. 51° 50' N.
Red Bluff, p-v. Claiborne co. Mississippi.
i Red Cedar Lake. See Cedar Lake, (Red).
' Red Deer Lake, a lake of North America. Lon.
1 12° W. Lat. 55° 10' N.
Red Deer River, r. North America, which has
its source in Etawwemah lake, and empties itself
into the N. end of Little Winnipeg lake. On this
river the North-west fur company have a fort.
Red Head, promontorv, of Scotland, in Angus-
shire. Lon. 2° 26' W. Lat. 56" 33' N.
Red Hook, p-v. in Rhinebeck, Dutchess co. N.
''f . on the Hudson, 47 m. S. Albany.
Red House, p-v. Caswell co. N. C.
Red Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55° 50' W. Lat. 43° 45' N.
Red Island, isl. near the W. coast of Newfound-
!and. Lon. 59° 10' W, Lat. 48" 35' N.
Red Lake, lake N. W. Territory, one of the
-ources of Red river. It is about 60 miles in cir-
»;umference. Lon. 95° W, Lat. 48° N.
Red Lion, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop.
J!16.
Red Point, cape on the E. coast of New Hol-
land. Lon, 150° 56' 7 " E. Lat. 34° 33' S.
Red River, r. N. America, formed by two bran-
ches which rise near the sources of the Missis-
sippi. The eastern branch issues from Red lake,
find running west about 150 miles, receives the
other branch from the south. The united stream
then flows north more than 100 miles, and re-
ceives the Assinniboin from the west, after which it
runs N. E. about 70 miles, and falls into lake Win-
nipeg at its southern extremity. At the point of
land formed by the junction of the Assinniboin and
Red river, in lat. 49° 40' N. and lon. 98° W. is a
trading establishment formed by Lord Selkirk, in
1812. It consists of about 300 families, Scotch and
Germans, who can furnish 600 men capable oX
bearing arms. A fort has been erected and fur-
nished with 20 cannon. There is another settle-
ment of about 50 families, mostly of mixed blood,
with two French Catholic priests, on Red river,
at the mouth of the Pembanon, within the limits
of the U. States, about 15 miles south of the line.
Red River, r. Canada, which runs into the Uta-
was, 60 m. W, Montreal.
Red River, r. which rises in Kentucky, and runs
into the Cumberland in Tennessee, a little below
Clarksville, after a course of 50 miles.
Red River, r. Ken. which runs W. and joins
Kentucky river, 9 m. above Boonsborough.
Red River, r. N. America, which rises in the
Rocky iMountains, in about lon. 106° W. and lat.
37° N. and after a S. E. course of more than 1200
miles, falls into the Mississippi in about lat. 31° N.
The navigation is interrupted in several places by
trees which have floated down in immense num-
bers, and choked up the channel.
Red River, Little, r. Arkansaw Territory, which
falls into the W. side of Wachitta, 200 m. above
its mouth. It is navigable 300 miles.
Red Sea, an extensive gulf, dividing Arabiafrom
Africa. It is 1,400 miles long, and extends from
12° to 30° N. lat. The navigation is very difficult
and dangerous, being almost constantly obstructed
by reefs and coral rocks. The harboui's are also
few in number. The principal are, Suez at its
northern extremity ; Cosseir, Souakin, and Mas-
suah, on the western shores ; and Yambo, the
port of Medina, Comfodah, Mocha, Loheia, and
Hodeida on the eastern or Arabian side.
Red Shoal, p-v. Stokes co. N. C.
Redburn, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 17 m. W,
by N. Hertford. Pop. 1,333.
Reddish, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4i m. S. E. by
S. Manchester. Pop. 532.
Reddygoodum, t. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 80° 41'
E, Lat. 16" 53' N.
Redes, r. S. America, which runs into the gulf
of Darien, in lon. 76° 40' W. lat. 7° 57' N.
Redjield, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. 35 m. N. Rome,
148 N, W. Albany. Pop. 362.
Redford, East. See Retford.
Redinha, t. Portugal, 15 m. S. by E. Coimbra,
Pop. 2,000.
Rednitz, r. Germany, which is joined by the
Pegnitz, near Furth, and forms tlie Regnitz. See
Regnilz.
Redon, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, on the
Vilaine, where it is joined by the Oust, and where
it becomes navigable for vessels of considerable
size. Pop. 4,000. Redon is an entrepot for the
merchandise of Rennes. 33 m. E. V^annes, 40 S.
VV. Rennes. Lon. 2° 5' W. Lat. 47° 49' N.
Redondesco, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. W. Man-
tua, 21 E. by N. Cremona.
Redondillo, or Redondela, t. Spain, in Galicia,
on the bay of Vigos, 47 m. W. S. W. Orense, 20
N. Tuy. Pop. 1,200.
Redondo, or 0 Redondo, t. Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, 14 m. E. N. E. Evora. Pop. 2,700.
&20 REG
Reehndo, rock between Monlserat and Nevis,
Carribee islands. Lon. 61° 35' W. Lat, 17" 6' N.
Redorulo, cape on the E. coast of S. America.
Lat 43° S.
Redruth, t. Eng. in Cornwall, in the midst of
rich tin and copper mines. 9 m. W. Truro. Lon.
5° W W. Lat. 50° 12' N. Pop. 5,903.
Redstone, t. Fayette co. Pa, Pop. 1,224.
Reedsborough, t. Bennington co. Vt. Pop. 410.
Reedstoivn. See Strong.
Reedy Island, isl. in the river Delaware, 3 miles
long, but narrow, 50 ra. below Philadelphia, 20
from Bombay Hook. There is a secure harbour
at Port Penn, immediately opposite, on the
Delaware shore, where piers have been erected
by the State of Pennsylvania. The principal
channel is on the E. side of the island.
Reedy River. See Saluda.
Rmf Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 50 m.
W. Sumatra, Lon. 101° 3' E. Lat. 4° S.
Reef Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near
the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 122° 48' E. Lat 0°
8'N.
Reel Foot, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Mississippi, about 35 m. S. of the Ohio.
Reepfuim, t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the river Eyre,
11 m, N. E. Dereham, 112 N. byE. London. Pop.
299. ^
Rees, t. Prussian states, near the Rhine, 11 m.
E. Cleves. Lon. 6° 22' 34" E. Lat 51° 45' 55" N.
Pop. 2,300.
Refah, t Egypt, 18 m. N.E. El Arish.
Rega, r, Germany, which forms the bouadary
between Brandenburg and Pomerania, and falls
into the Baltic near Treptow.
Regan, t. Kerman, in Persia, 89 m. E. Bumm.
Regana, cape on the W. coast ol' Majorca. Lon.
2°42'E. Lat 39° 23' N.
Regen, r. Germany, which unites with the Lit-
tle Regen, and falls into the Danube, near Ratis-
bon.
Regen, Circle of the, province, Bavaria, adja-
cent to Bohemia. Area, 3,800 square miles. Pop.
358,000, of whom the great majority are Catho-
lics. Ratisbon and Amberg are the principal
towns.
Regen, t. Bavaria, 49 m. E. by S. Ratisbon, 29
N. N. W. Passau. Pop. 1,000.
Regensberg, t. Switz. 7 ra. N. Zurich.
Regenstaxif, t. Bavaria, 9 m. N. Ratisbon. Pop.
1,200.
Regent's town, a town of liberated negroes in
W. Africa, in the colony of Sierra Leone. It was
set apart in 1813 for the reception of negroes de-
livered from slave-ships by the English cruisers.
In 1819, the number amounted to l,177,from more
than 20 different tribes, some of them barbarous
to an astonishing degree. Under the instructions
however of a misssionary from the Church Mis-
sionary Society, they have become civilized, in-
dustrious, and orderly in their behavior. A large
stone church has been built, a congregation of
1,000 or 1,200 negroes, from the town and neigh-
borhood, is usually collected on the Sabbath, of
which 250 are regular communicants. The
schools contain upwards of 500 scholars, and the
christianized negroes have formed a missionary
society, and contributed to its funds in one year
^133 from their scanty earnings.
Regenwaide, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, on the
wver Rega, 31 m, N. N. E. Stargard. Pop. 1,100.
Reggie, Regium Julii, t. Naples, and cap. of
Calabria Ultra, on the Faro di Messina, or strait
R E I
which separates Sicily from the mainland. It is
the see of an archbishop. 6 m. S. E. Messina in
Sicily, 33 N. by W. Nicotera. Lon. 16° 53' E. Lat
38° 6' N. Pop. 16,500.
Reggio, (an. Regium Lepide,) t. Italy, capital of
a small duchy of the same name, belonging to the
duchy of Modena. It is on the river Tessone, and
is surrounded with a rampart. It was the birth-
place of Ariosto. 12 m. W. N. W. Modena, 15
S. E. Parma. Lon. 10° 38' E. Lat. 44° 41' N. Pop,
13,000,
Reggiolo, t, Austrian Italy, 1 1 m, S, Mantua.
Regis, t. Saxony, on the Pleiss, 18 ra. S. Leipsic.
Regnitz, r. Bavaria, which is formed by the
confluence of the Rednitz and Pegnitz, at Furth,
and falls into the Maine, below Bamberg.
Regny, t. France, 12 m. S. E. Roanne. Pop,
1,450.
Regya, r. Algiers, which falls into the Mediter-
ranean, 16 m. E. Algiers.
Reliau, t. Bavarian States, 9 m. E. S. E. Hoff.
Pop. 1,100.
Rehburg, t. Hanover, 21 m. W. by N. Hano-
ver. Pop. 1,200.
Rehda, t. Prussian States, 25 m. W. N. W. Pa-
derborn. Pop. 1,200.
Reher, district. Hind, in Delhi. Reher, for-
merly the capital, is in lon. 78° 44' E. lat 29°
23' N.
Rehna, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
18 m. E. by S. Lubeck. Pop. 1,500.
Rehob, in Sac. Geog. t. of the tribe of Asher, in
the valley at the foot of mount Lebanon.
Rehoboth, in Sac. Geog. t. Assyria, en the Eu-
phrates, between Cercusium and Ana.
Rehoboth, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. on the E. side
of the Seekhonk, 15 m. W. Taunton, 37 S. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 4,866.
Rehoboth, hundred, Sussex co. Delaware.
Reichelsheim, t. Germany, 18 m. N. E. Nassau.
Pop. 800.
Reichenau, hi, in the lake of Constance, be-
longing to Baden. Pop. 1,400.
Reichenau, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 4 m.
S. VV^ Camenz. Pop. 3,200.
Reichenau, or Richnow, t. Bohemia, 18 m. E.
N. E. Konigingratz. Pop. 3,300.
Reichenbach, one of the four governments into
which PrussianSilesia was divided in 1815. Area,
2,500 square miles. Pop. 470,000.
Reichenbach, the chief town of the above gov-
ernment, is 1 1 m. S. E. Schweidnite, 30 S. W,
Breslau. Lon. 16° 36' E. Lat. 50° 39' N. Pop.
3,300.
Reichenbach, t. Saxony, 13 m. N. N. E. Plauen.
Pop. 3,300.
Reichenberg, t. Bohemia, on the Neisse. It is
the largest and most thriving town of Bohemia, af-
ter Prague. The value of the woollen, linen,
and stockings, annually made, is estimated at more
than half a million sterling. 52 m. N. N. E. Prague.
Pop. 12,000.
Reichenhall, t. Bavaria, on the Sala, 65 m. E. S.
E. Munich, 11 S. S. W. Salzburg. It has exten-
sive salt-works.
Reichenstein, t. Prussian States, 6 ra. E. Glatz.
Pop. 1,300.
Reichenstein, Lower, t. Bohemia, 3 m. W. S. W.
Berg-Reichenstein.
Reichenstein, Upper. See Berg-Reichenstein.
Reichenweyer, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m.
N. N. W. Colmar, 9 S. S. W. Schelestadt Pop.
1,750.
REM
REP
621
Reichshoferiy t. France, in Lower Rhine, 27 m.
N. Strasburg. Fop. 1,600.
Reicfistadt, t. Bohemia, 40 m. N. N. E. Prague.
Pop. 1,200.
Reichsthal, t Prussian States, 34 m. E. Breslau,
Pop. 1,000.
Reid's store, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Reid'i store, p-v. Moore co. N. C.
Reiffnitz, or Ribenza, t. Austrian States, in
Carniola, 4 m. N. VV. Gottschee.
Reigate. See Ryegate.
Reignier, t. Sardinian States, 9 m. S. E. Gene-
va. Pop. 1,300.
Reikianess, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of
Iceland. Lon. 22" 47' W. Lat. 63" 55' N.
Reillane, t. France, in Lower Alps, 14 m. E.
Apt Pop. 1,300.
Reims. See Rheims.
Rein, t. Prussian Lithuania, 12 m. S. S. E. Ras-
tenburg. Pop. 1,300.
Reinath, t. Switz. 5 m. S. Bale.
Reiners, t. Prussian States, 12 m. W. Glatz.
Pop. 1,600.
Reinsberg, or Rkynesberg, t. Prussia, in Bran-
denburg, 12 m. N. by E. New Ruppin, 45 N. N.
W. Berlin. Pop. 1,700.
Reismarkt, or Szerdahely, t. Transylvania, 32
m. W. Hermannstadt.
Reissen, or Rydzyn, t. Prussian Poland, 43 m.
S. by E. Posen. Pop. 1,300.
Reistertown, p-t. Baltimore co. Md. 15 m. N.
W. Baltimore.
Reith, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. W. by S.
Richmond. Pop. 1,394.
Reitti, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, 6 m. S. Fus-
?eu Bavaria.
Rejoicing, r. Illinois, which runs into the Wa-
bash between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe.
Reka, r. Austrian Illyria, which falls into the
gulfof Quarnero, at Fiume.
Rekek, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 128°
40' E. Lat. r 33' S.
Rekham. See Arrakan.
Remalard, t. France, in Orne, 15 m. S. E. Mor-
tagne. Pop. 1,700.
Rembertston, p-t. Sumpler district, S. C.
Remedies, city. New Granada, 89 m. N. W.
Santa Fe. Lon. 75° 10' W. Lat. 5° 42' N.
Remedies, J^uestra Senora de las, city. New
Granada, cap. of the province of the Rio del Ha-
cha. 73 m. E. by N. Santa Martha, 104 N. W.
Maracaibo. Lon. 72" 55' W. Lat. 11° 30' N.
Remich, t. Netherlands, on the Moselle, 12 m.
E, by S. Luxemburg. Pop. 1,600.
Remiremont, t France, on the Moselle, 14 m.
S. E. Epinal. Pop. 4,000.
Remissau, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 2 m. N. N.
E. Glauchau.
Remney, or Rumney, r. Wales, which falls in-
to the Severn a little below Cardiff.
Remont, or Romont, t. Switz. 11 m. S. W. Fri-
burg.
Remoulim, t. France, in Gard, 13 m. N. E.
Nimes. Pop. 800.
Rems, r. Wirtemberg, which runs into the
Neckar, 4 m. N. W. Waiblingen.
Rems and Fils, one of the twelve departments
of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. Area, 540 square
miles. Pop. 126,000. Chief town, Goppingen.
Remscheid, v. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, in the government of Dusseldorf. The vil-
lage is small, but the population of the environs
exceeds 7,000. It is one of the chief manufactur-
ing places in Westphalia, its hardware being well
known throughout the north of Germany. 2 m.
S. W. Lennep.
Remsen, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Black river,
35 m. N. Rome, 107 N. W. Albany. Pop. 489.
Renaison, t. France, in Rhone-and-Loirc, 6 m«
W. Roanne. Pop. 1,700.
Renaix, or Roiise, t. Netherlands, in Flanders,
7 m. S. Oudenarde, 22 S. by W. Ghent. Pop.
10,000.
Renapore, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76° 55'
E. Lat. 10"20'N.
Renchen, t. Baden, 10 m. E. Strasburg, 4 N. W.
Oberkirch. Pop. 2,000.
Rendezvous, Island of, isl. in the Indian ocean,
near the N. coast of Kerguelen's Land.
Rendezvous Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon-
duras. Lon. 88° 40' W. Lat. 16° 59' N.
Rendsburg, t. Denmark, 50 m. N. Hamburgh,
on the Eyder, at its junction with the Kiel. Pop.
4,500. Its chief manufacture is of pottery.
Renfrew, a county of Scotland, bounded E. by
Lanarkshire, S. by Ayrshire, and on the remain-
ing sides by the frith of Clyde. Extent, 241 sq.
miles. Pop. 92,596.
Renfrew, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Renfrew
CO. 6 m. W. Glasgow, 3 N. Paisley. Pop. 1,500.
Reninghe, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8
m. N. by W. Ypres. Pop. 2,000.
Renkum, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 8 m.
W. Arnheim. Pop. 1,100.
Rennes, t. France, cap. of the lUe and Vilaine,
is situated in an extensive plain, at the conflu-
ence of these two rivers. It has a small univer-
sity, an academy, college royal, a school of medi-
cine and surgery, and a drawing school. The
manufactures consist of sailcloth, blankets, hats,
thread, stockings, gloves, hardware, all of which
are exported. 80 m. N. Nantes, 220 W. Paris.
Lon. r 36' W. Lat. 48° 7' N. Pop. 25,904.
Reno, r. Italy, in the States of the Church,
which falls into the Po, opposite to Ferrara.
Rensselaer, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Washing-
ton CO. E. by Vermont and Massachusetts, S. by-
Columbia CO. and W. by the Hudson. Pop.
36,388. Chief towns, Troy and Lansingburgh.
Rensselaer, v. in Berlin, Rensselaer co. N. Y.
An extensive manufactory of window glass was
established here in 1805, 12 m. E. Albany.
RensselaerviUe, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 24 m. S.
W. Albany. Pop. 5,928.
Rentena, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 3 m. E. S. E.
St. Sebastian.
Renly, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, on the Aa,
14 m; S. W. St. Omer's.
Renwez, t. France, in Ardennes, 8 m. S. by E-
Rocroy. Pop. 1,200.
Reny, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, near the
confluence of the Pruth and the Danube, 35 m.
W. S. W. Ismail.
Reolle, t. France, on the right bank of the Ga-
ronne, 34 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 3,800.
Reounzeik, t. Birman empire, on the W. bank
of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 25' E. Lat. 17"
45' N.
Reparo, small isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lat.
29° 23' S.
Reposo, small isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lat.
19" 36' S.
Reppen, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 10 m. E.
Frankfort on the Oder. Pop . 2,300.
Repsypv Kohalom-Szek, district, Transylvania.
B^2
RET
Area, 210 square miles. Pop. 26,000, Reps,
or Kohalom, the chief place, is 16 m. N. P'ogaras.
Repton, V. Eng. in Derbyshire, 4 m. N. E. Bur-
ton on Trent. Pop. 1,648.
Repulse Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca. Lon.85° W. Lat. 66° 40' N.
Repulse Bay, bay on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 148" 33' W. Lat. 20° 36' S.
Requena, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 41 m. W. by N.
Valencia. Pop. 6,000.
Requisal, t. France, in Aveyron, 20 m. W. by
N. St. Afrique, 24 S. Rhodez. Pop. 3,000.
Resen, in Sac. Geo*, a town of Assyria.
i?es/id, t. Persia, capital of Ghilan, on the Cas-
jaan. Lon. 49" 50' E. Lat. 37° 20' N.
Resina, t. Italy, built partly on the site of the
ancient Herculaneum, 5 m. E. Naples. Pop.
7,800.
Resolution Island, one of the Society islands,
about 4 miles long. Lon. 141° 39' W. Lat. 17°
24' S.
Resolution Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, 60
miles in circumference, on the N. side of the en-
trance into Hudson's straits. Lon. 65° W. Lat.
61° 40' N.
Resoulalmd, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79° 47' E.
Lat. 26° 38' N.
Ressund, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 22 m. S. E.
Ostersund.
Restoration, small isl. off the E. coast of New
Holland. Lat. 12° 39' S.
Restoration Core, bay on the N. W. coast of
America, in Burke's canal. Lon. 127° 40' W. Lat.
52° 1' N.
Retford, or Redford, East, borough, Eng. in
Nottingham co. on the Idle, 30 m. N. Nottingham,
144 N. by W. London. Lon. 0° 56' VV. Lat. 53°
18' N. Pop. 2,030.
Rethel, or Retel Mazarin, t. France, in Arden-
nes, on the Aisne, 24 m. N. E. Rheims. Lon. 4°
27' E. Lat. 49° 50' N. Pop. 4,900.
Rethem, t. Germany, in Hanover, on the river
AUer, 32 m. N. N. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,000.
Reiiers, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 20 m. S.
W. Vitre, 21 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 3,000.
Retimo, or Rhetsmo, s-p. Turkey, in the island
of Candia, on the N. coast, about 40 m. W. of the
town of Candia. Lon. 24° 2 1' E. Lat. 35° 20' N.
Pop. 6,000.
Reiorbio, t. Sardinian States, 17 m. S. W. Pa-
via.
Retpoorah, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 78° 21' E.
Lat. 21° 19' N.
Retreat, Point, point of land in Lynn's canal,
on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 225° 12' E.
Lat. 58° 24' N.
Retteg, t. Transylvania, 35 m. N. by E. Clau-
senburg.
Rettenbach, v. Bavaria, 4 m. E. Ottobeuren.
Pop. 1,000.
Rcttins;hery, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 4' E.
Lat. 14° 5' N.
Retmari, isl. of the gulf of Finland, on the S. E.
extremity of which the town of Cronstadt is built.
Reiz, t. Bavaria, 26 m. N. N. E. Ratisbon. Pop.
900.
Retz, Reetz, or Reckau, t. Prussia, in Branden-
burg, 59 m. N. N. E. Custrin. Pop. 1,400.
Rets, or Roets, t. Austrian States, on the Theya,
44 m. N. N. W. Vienna. Pop. 2,200.
Retzat, circle, Bavaria, to the N. of the Dan-
ube. Area, 3,400 square miles. Pop. 520,000,
partly Catholics, but more Lutherans. Tlie can-
RE Y
ital is Anspach, but the largest town, Nurem-
berg.
Retsstatt, t. Bavaria, 5 ra. S. S. E. Carlstadt.
Pop. 900.
Revel, or Kolyvan, the capital of Estbonia, iu
Russia, is on a small bay of the gulf of Finland.'
It has an excellent harbour, well secured against
all winds, and well defended by fortifications-
The exports consist of corn, timber, hemp, and
spirituous liquors from the interior. The imports
are salt, sugar, coffee, and Britisli manufactures.
200 m. W. St. Petersburgh, 180 VV. by N. Riga.
Lon. 24° 39' E. Lat. 59° 26' N. Pop. 13,000.
Revel, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 30 m. S. E.
Toulouse. Pop. 3,800.
Reiello, t Piedmont, 9 m. N. W. Saluzzo. Pop.
5,000.
Revere, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on the
Po, 15 m. E. S. E. Mantua. Pop. 3,200.
Revigny aux Vaches, t. France, in Meuse, on
the Ornain, 9 m. N. VV. Bar sur Ornain. Pop.
1,700.
Revilla Gigedo, Island of, isl. on the W. coast of
N. America, 50 miles long, and 25 broad. Lon.
130° 27' to 131° 15' W. Lat. 55° 6' to 55° 55' N.
Reuilly, t. France, in Indre, 12 m. N. E. Issou-
dun, 20 W. Bourges. Pop. 1,700.
Revin, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse, 6
m. N. by E, Rocroy. Pop. 1 ,800.
Reus, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 miles from tli e
sea. It carries on a brisk trade, and has manu-
factures of silk, cottons, leather, hats, as well as of
brandy and liquors. 8 m. W. Tarragona. Pop.
20,000.
Reuss, a principality of the interior of Germa-
ny, divided into two parts, Reuss-Greitz, and
Reuss-Lobenstein, belonging to different branches
of the family of Reuss. Tifiey contain together
600 square miles. The religion is Lutheran.
Reuss-Greitz borders on the Prussian territories,
and contains only 154 square miles, and 22,255 in-
habitants, with a revenue of 13,000^. sterling.
Greitz or Graitz is the chief town. Reuss Loben-
stein borders on the Bavarian territories, and
contains 446 square miles, £2,205 inhabitants,
and a revenue of 29,000/. sterling. The principal
town is Gera.
Reuss, r. Switz. which rises in Mount St. Go-
thard, passes by Lucerne, and falls into the Aar,
near Bruck.
Reutlingen, t. Germany, in Wirtemberg, on
the Echetz, 19 m. S. by E. Stutgard. Pop. 8,300.
Revucra, t. Hungary, 13 m. N. Neusohl. Pop.
1,300.
Rewah, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 81° 25' E,
Lat. 24° 27' N.
Reuary, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76° 42' E.
Lat. 28° 13' N.
Rey. See Rae.
Rey, one of the Pearl islands, in the bay of Pa-
nama, 20 miles long and 10 or 11 wide. Lon. 79°
46' W. Lat. 8° N.
Reyde, fort, Netherlands, in Groningen, at the
entrance of( the Dollart, opposite Embden, 7 m.
E. S. E. Delfzyl.
Reyes, city of New Granada, 72 m. S. Santa
Martha. Lon. 73° 50' W. Lat. 10° 6' N.
Reyes, city of the Caraccas, in V-'enezuela, 40
m. S. S. W. Caraccas. - Lon, 67° 19' W. Lat. 9°
57' N.
Reyes, small isl. near the coast of Patagonia, at
the entrance of Port Desire. Lat. 47° 50" S.
R H E
R H I
623
Reynoldshurg, p-t. and cap. Humphreys co.
Ten.
Reynosuy t. Spain, in Old Castile, 35 m. N. W.
Friars. Pop. 1,500.
Reys, Point, or Cape de los Reys, promontory
on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 237° 24'
E. Lat. 38" 36' N.
Rezat. See Rttzat.
Resbach, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 8 m.
N.Wurzburg. Pop. 1,000.
Rhai/ader, or Rhayadergwy,t. Wales, in Radnor
CO. 18 in. N. W. Radnor. Pop. 446.
Rhea, CO. East Tennessee, on the W. side of
the river Tennessee. Pop. 2,304, including 214
slaves. Chief town, Washington.
Rheden, or Rkeeden, t. Netherlands, in Gelder-
land, 5 m. W. Doesburg, 6 E. N. E. Arnheim.
Pop. 3,400.
Rheenen, or Rhcnen, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht,
near the Rhine, 14 m. W. Arnheim, 22 S. E.
Utrecht. Pop. 2,200.
RJiegium. See Reggio.
Rhedit, or Rheyd,t Prussian province of Cleves-
and-Berg, 2 m. E. Gladbach. Pop. 3,600.
Rheims, or Reims, derived from Remi, city in
the N. E. of France, in Marne, on the small river
Vesle. It is surrounded with a ditch and earthen
mound, but tlie remaining fortifications of the city
were levelled in 1812. The cathedral is a vast
Gothic edifice of the 12th century, and one ol" the
finest specimens of that kind of architecture in
France. A university, founded here in 1547, is
now replaced by a royal college. The arch-
bishop of this ancient city is the primate of the
kingdom. The chief manufactures are of cottons
and woollens ; also of hats and stockings. 26 in. N.
N. W. Chalons sur Marne, 100 E. by N. Paris.
Lon. 4'^ 6' E. Lat. 49" 16' N. Pop 38,000.
Rheinau, t. Switz. in Thurgau, 5 m. S. S. W.
Schaffhausen. Pop. 800.
Rheina-Wolbeck, a small principality of Ger-
many, subject since 1815, to Prussia and Hano-
ver. It lies along the W. side of the Ems, and
has an area of 256 square miles, with 10,000 in-
habitants.
Rhei7ibach, or Rhynbach, t. Prussian province
ot Cleves-and-Berg, 20 m. S. Cologne. Pop.
1,200.
Rheinbergen, t. Prussian States, in Cleves, 8 m.
S. Wesel. Pop. 1,700.
Rhein-Bischoffsheim. See Bischofsheim.
Rheineck, t. Switz. in St, Gall, on the Rhine,
8 m. S. W. Bregnetz, 24 E. S. E. Constance.
Rheinfelden, t. Switz. on the Rhine, 9 m. E.
Bale. Pop. 1,200.
Rheinfels, or Rhinfeh, fort, Prussian grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, on an island in the
Lower Rhine, at St. Goar, between Coblentz and
Bacharach.
Rheingau, or Rhingau, district of Germany, in
the duchy of Nassau, on the N. bank of the Rhine,
about 12 miles long and 4 broad.
Rheiruiu, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 5 m. S.
Strasburg. Pop. 1,200.
Rheinihal, i. e. the Valley of the Rhine, a dis-
trict of the Swiss canton of St. Gall, lying along
the Rhine, from the lake of Constance to the lord-
ship of Sax. It is 16 miles long, and 4 broad.
Rheinsabern, t. France, in the Lower Rhine, 8
m. S. E. Landau. 15 N. E. Weissenberg. Pop.
1,000.
Rhe.nst, or Rers, t. Prussian States, on the
Tlhine, 5 m, ?. Coblentz. Fop. 1,000.
Rhieneck, principality of the Bavarian States.
Area, 24 square miles. Pop. 2,000.
Rhine, the greatest river in Europe, after the
Danube and the Wolga, rises in Switzerland, on
the N. E. side of Mount St. Gothard. Flowing to
the east, it passes the Grison town of Coire or
Chur, when it becomes navigable, and then holds
a northern course to the lake of Constance. Issu-
ing from the lake with a copious current, the
Rhine flows to the west, and receives the Aar, the
Reuss, and the Limmat, whose united stream
brings the tributary waters of the west and centre
of Switzerland. At Bale, it takes a northern di-
rection, and receives several rivers, of which the
chief are the Neckar and Maine on the side of
Germany, and the Moselle on that of France. Con-
tinuing its course to the N. it enters the kingdom
of the Netherlands, and turning to the W. divides
into two great branches, of which the southern
takes the name of Waal, receives the Maese, be-
comes like an arm of the sea, and flows into the
German ocean by Dort, Rotterdam, and William-
stadt. The northern, or less considerable branch,
is farther divided, first above, and afterwards be-
low Arnheim ; and the name of Rhine is finally
retained by a small slow flowing water, which
passes Utrecht and Leyden in its way to the sea,
or rather to the sands near Catwyk. From its
source to Mentz, this great river is called the Up-
per Rhine, and from Mentz to Holland, the Lower
Rhine. Its length is about 700 miles, and is nav-
igable with a few interuptions, from Coire in the
Grisons, to the German ocean. Of late, (1820,)
steam boats have been employed in the navigation
of the river.
Rhine, Circle of, a province subject to Bavaria,
at a considerable distance from the rest of that
monarchy, being situated W. of the Rhine, be-
tween Weissemberg on the S. and Worms on the
N. Its form is compact. Area, 1,800 square
miles. Pop. 308,000, of whom the majority are
Catholics. It contains mines of iron, quicksilver,
coal, and extensive pastures. The chief town^
are Landau, and Deux Ponts.
Rhine, a province of the grand duchy of Hesse,
situated N. of the Bavarian circle of the Rhine.
Area, 1,000 square miles. Pop. 155,000.
Rhine, Confederation of, a short lived associa-
tion, entered into by several German princes, in
1806, by which they separated themselves from
the empire, and formed a new political compact,
under the protection of France. The original
parties to this league were — Bavaria, Wirtem-
burg, Baden, Berg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau and
some smaller states. To these were afterwards ad-
ded Saxony, Westphalia, Mecklenburg, and all thr
lesser princes of the Wf^st and north of Germany.
Rhine, Louver, province of the Prussian State?,
composed of territories taken in 1814, from France
and the grand duchy of Berg, and assigned to
Prussia by the congress of Vienna. It is bounded
N. by the Prussian province of Cleves and Berg,
E. by Nassau and Hesse Darmstadt, S. by France,
and W. by Netherlands. It lies on both sides ot
the Rhine, between 49" 20' and 51° 8' N. lat. hav-
ingau area of 5,700 sq. miles, and 950,000 inhabi-
tants.
Rhine, Circle of the Lower, formerly one of the
ten circles of the German empire, now divided
among the states of Baden, Bavaria, Hesse-Darm-
stadt, Nassau, Prussia, and Hanover.
Rhine, Circle of the Upper, formerly a circle oi
the German empire, now divided among Bavaris
624
R H O
Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and other states.
Rhme,Loicer,{Bas Rhin,) department in tlie E.
of France, lying between the Rhine and the Vos-
ges mountains. Area, 1,900 square miles. Pop.
nearly 440,000.
Rhine, Upper, {Haul Rhin,) department in the
E. of France, lying directly S. of the department
of Lower Rhine. Extent, 1,700 square miles.
Pop. 320,000, all of whom are of German de-
scent.
Rhineheck, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 18 m. N. Poughkeepsie, 67 S. Albany. Pop.
4,486. It contains 3 churches for Dutch Reform-
ed and a Methodist church. In this town is the
village of Redhook. There are 4 landings on the
river in Rhinebeck. Here is a remarkable cav-
ern.
RJio, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. Milan.
Rhode Island, one of the U. States, bounded N.
and E. by Massachueetts ; S. by the Atlantic, and
W. by Connecticut. It is 49 miles long from N.
to S. and on its northern boundary, 29 broad, and
contains 1,580 square miles. Lon. IV 6' to 71" 52'
W. Lat. 41° 17' to 42" N. Pop. in 1790, 68,825 ;
in 1800, 69,122 ; in 1810, 76,931 ; in 1820, 83,059,
or 52 for each square mile.
The northern part of the State is hilly, and has
a thin and barren soil ; the rest of the state is
chiefly level. The islands and the country bor-
dering on Narraganset bay arc very fertile, and
celebrated for their fine cattle, and numerous
flocks of sheep.
Common schools are not supported by law in
Rhode-Isiand, as in the other New-England
States. Academies, however, are established in
all the principal towns, and private schools are
maintained during the winter months in almost
every part of the State, The Baptists are much
the most numerous religious denomination. The
number of Baptist congregations is 57 ; of Friends,
18; Congregationalists, 11; Episcopalians, 5;
Moravians, 1 ; Jews, 1.
The Legislature consists of a senate of 10 mem-
bers, and a house of representatives of 72 mem-
bers. The governor, lieutenant-governor, and
senators are chosen annually ; the representatives,
twice a year, in April and August.
In no State in the Union is so large a proportion
of the population and capital employed in manufac-
turing as in Rhode-Island. The principal article
is cotton goods, which are manufactured in large
quantities in Providence and the vicinity. There
are now more than 90 cotton mills in the State,
many of which are extensive establishments. The
other manufactures are woollen goods, iron, ar-
dent spirits, &c. The value of the manufactures
in 1810, was $4,106,074. The exports in 1820,
amounted to $1,072,762, of which nearly one half
was foreign produce. The amount of shi|>ping in
1819, was 39,044 tons. The amount of d uties on
foreign merchandize in 1815, was $233,024.
There were in 1819, 33 banks in this State ; 7
at Providence, 5 at Newport, 5 at Bristol, 3 at
Smithfield, 2 at Westerly, and 1 each at Warren,
Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Cranston, Gloucester,
Burrilville, Scituate, Coventry, Greenwich,
Wickford, and South-Kingston.
Rhode Island, isl. from which the above State
takes its name, is in Narraganset bay. It is 15
miles long, and on an average 3^ broad, contain-
ing about 50 square miles. Its climate and soil
are delightful ; The pnnimpr« are remarkably
RH Q
pleasant, and the winters milder than on tlie 6&ii'
tinent. It is a noted resort for invalids from
southern climates. Travellers have called it the
Eden of America.
Rhode River, r. N, Carolina, which runs into
the N. W, branch of Cape Fear river.
Rhodes, an extensive island of the Mediterrane-
an, near the coast of Asia Minor. In ancient
times, it was one of the most celebrated of the
states of Greece, and distinguished above all oth-
ers by its wealth, commerce, and naval power.
After the death of Alexander, it appeared in its
full glory, and not only dazzled the world by its
magnificence, but became illustrious by its war-
like exploits. This celebrated island is now re-
duced by the oppression of the Porte, and the ar-
bitrary exactions of its governors, to a state of the
most wretched poverty. The climate is delight-
ful, and the soil fertile and well watered, but the
oppression of the pacha, and the insecurity ol"
property, have rendered these gifts of nature of no
avail, and though it might become the granary ol'
the neighbouring islands, it is now obliged to im-
port a considerable proportion of the grain which
it consumes. The population is estimated by Sa-
vary at 7,300 families, of whom 4,700 are Turks,
2,500 Greeks, and 100 Jews, in all about 36,500
souls ; but Turner, a more recent traveller redu-
ces the number to 20,000.
Rhodes, a city, and capital of the island of the
same name, presents few vestiges of its ancient
grandeur. Statues, colossi, and paintings, have
all been destroyed or removed. There are no re-
mains of its magnificent temples and spacious por-
ticos. The inhabitants consist of 5,000 Turks,
and 1,000 Jews, no Greeks being allowed to set-
tle in the city. One half of the houses in the city
are in ruins, and one half of those in the suburbs
uninhabited. Rhodes has two good harbours,
separated only by a mole. The two extremities
are defended by towers, distant 800 feetfrom each
other ; while in the centre of the mole there is a
square tower, 120 feet high. Lon. 28" 12' 15" E.
Lat. 36° 26' N.
Rhodez, or Rodes, t. France, cap. of Aveyron,
32 m. N. N. E. Alby, 70 N. E. Toulouse. Lon,
2° 34' E. Lat. 44° 21' N. Pop. 6,500.
Rhodina. See Contessa, Gulf of.
Rhodosio. See Rodosto.
Rhoe, Mickle, one of the Shetland isles, on the
S. of the mainland. It is 24miles in circumference.
Rhone, a great river which rises in the centre
of Switzerland, only 5 miles from the source of the
Rhine, and flowing west, rolls its turbid waters in-
to the transparent lake of Geneva. Issuing from
that lake, the Rhone flows S. forming the bounda-
ry between France and Savoy, after wliich it
turns to the west and north, unti) reaching Lyons,
where it is joined by the Saone. It then turns to
the south, and discharges itself, by three mouths,
into the part of the Mediterranean called the gulf
of Lyons, after an entire course of 500 miles. 'The
navigation down its stream takes place with great
ease ; but the upward navigation can be perlbrm-
ed only by draught or steam,
Rhone, department in the S. E. of France,
bounded by the departments of the Saone-and-
Loire, the Ain, the Isere, and the Loire. Extent,
1 ,050 square miles. Pop. 330,000. Lyons is the
capital.
Rhone,Mou(hs of the, (Bouches du Rhone,) a de-
partment in the S. E. of France, bounded by the
Mediterranean and the departments of the Gard,
R I C
Vaucluie, and Var. Extent, about 2,000 square
miles. Pop. 293,000. Marseilles is the capital.
I Rhotas, district, Hind, in Bahar. Rhotas, the
capital, is on the W. side of the Jhylum or Hydas-
\ pes river. Lon. 72° 55' E. Lat. 31° 55' N.
! Rkotas, or Rotasgur, fort, Hind, in Bahar, on
) the top of a table mountain, on the N. side of the
Soane. Lon. 83" 58' E. Lat. 24" 38' N.
Rhuddlan, v. Wales, in Flintshire, in the vale
I of Clwyd. Its castle was once a place of great
strength. 3 m. from Dissert. Pop. 831.
Rhudtn. See Ruthen.
i Riaca, or Riaza, r. Spain, which runs into the
i Douro, at Roa.
i Rians, t. France, in Var, 24 m. N. W. Brig-
, xiolles, 36 N. W. Toulon. Pop. 3,200.
Riao, isl. in the Eastern seas, 25 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 128° 2' E. Lat. 2" 25' N.
Riazan, government, Eu. Russia, lying S. of
Vladimir, and E. of Moscow, extending from lat.
53° 40' to 55° N. Area, above 13,000 square
miles. Pop. about 1,000,000.
Riazan, the capital of the above government, is
on the Oka, 123 m. S. S. E. Moscow. It is the see
of a Greek bishop. Pop. 5,000.
Riba, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Tormes, 6 m. E.
! a. E. Salamanca.
j Riba de Sella, s-p. Spain, in Asturia, on the
I coast of the Atlantic, 40 m. E. N. E. Oviedo.
! Ribadavia, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho,
j 45 m. S. S. E. Santiago. Pop. 2,400.
j Ribadeo, t. Spain, in Galicia, 18 m. N. E. Mon-
j tJonedo. Pop. 2,000.
I Ribblc, r. Eng. whicji falls into the Irish sea be-
f iow Preston.
j Ribchester, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 5h m. N. N.
1 W. Blackburn. Pop. 2,762.
; Ribe, Ripen, or Rypen, t. Denmark, on the W^.
coast of Jutland, 80 m. S. Wiborg, 120 N. Ham-
burgh. Lon. 8° 46' E, Lat. 55° 21' N. Pop.
! 2,600.
Ribeauviller, or Rappolsweiler, t. France, in
Upper Rhine, 7 m. S. W. Schelestadt, 9 N. by W.
iColmar. Pop. 4,700.
i Riberia Grande. See St. Jago.
1 Riremont, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. St.
1 Quetin, 21 N. W. Laon. Pop. 2,400.
j Ribenza. See Reiffnitz.
\ Riberac, t. France, in Dordogne, 20 m. W. by
In. Perigueux. Pop. 3,000.
j Ribiers, t. France, in Upper Alps, 4 m. N. W,
!Si:iteron. Pop. 1,300.
I Riblah, in Sac. Geog. t. on the N. border of
'Palestine, in the province of Hamath.
S Ribnik, t. Prussian States, 13 m. E. Ratibor, 21
JN Teschen. Pop. 1,400.
II Ribnik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, 100 m. S.
Jassay, 112 W. Ismael. Lon. 27° 4' E. Lat. 45°
36' N.
Ribnik, t. Eu. Turkey in Walachia, on the
Aluta, 44 m. S. Hermanstadt, 180 S. W. Jassy.
jLon. 24° 8'E. Lat. 45° 19' N.
J Ribnilz, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
F'r, on abay of the Baltic, 12 m. N. E. Rostock,
cp. 1,900.
1 Rihtoa, V. Eng. in Cumberland, 4 m. E. Work-
I in;?ton, on the opposite side of the Derwent.
j Rica, Villa, city of Chili, 66 m. from the Pacif-
'i c ocean, 66 N. E. Valdivia. Lon. 72° 8' W. Lat.
39' 9' S.
Riceia, t. Naples, jn Molise. 15 m. E. Bojano.
Pop. 4,300,
79
R I C
625
Rice, Lake, lake of Canada, 6 m. N. Lake On-
tario, with a portage between them.
Riceborough, p-t. and cap. Liberty co. Georgin,
on Newport river, which is navigable for sloops
to this place. 32 m. S. Savannah.
Riceys, Les, t. France, in Aube, 8 m. S. Bar-,
sur-seine, 26 S. E . Troyes. Pop. 4,000.
Richard^s creek, r. Indiana, which enters the
Wabash on the N. side, 160 m. above Vincennes.
Richborough, v. Eng. in Kent, the famous Ru-
tupium of the Romans. The ruins of its castle af-
ford a more perfect specimen of Roman architec-
ture, than exists any where else in Britain. 2 m.
N. N. W. Sandwich.
Richelieu, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 35 m.
S. W. Tours. Pop. 3,200.
Richelieu, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of
the St. Lawrence.
Richelieu Islands, islands in the river St. Law-
rence, at the S. W. entrance of Lake St. Peter,
nearly 100 in number. Lon. 71° 7' W. Lat. 4^
52' N.
Richelieu river. See Sorel.
Richenburg, t. Bohemia, 10 m. S. E. Chrudim.
Richenveir. See Reichenweyer.
Richfield, p-t. Otsego co, N. Y. 13 m. N. W,
Cooperstown, 72 W. Albany. Pop. 2,079.
Richfidd,t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river.
5 m. S. W. Jefferson.
Richford, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Missisque river,
44 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 442.
Richhill, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 716.
Richhill, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E.
Zanesville.
Richland, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Lake Onta-
rio, 55 m. N. W. Utica. Pop. 947.
Richland, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,317.
Richland, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 434.
Richland, district, in the central part of S. C,
Pop. 9,027, including 5,238 slaves. Chief town,
Columbia.
Richland, r. Tennessee, which joins Ellc river,
after a course of 70 miles. It is navigable 12
miles to Pulaski.
Richland, p-v. Giles co. Ten.
Richland, co. in the N. part of Ohio. Pop,
in 1815, 3,000. Chief town, Mansfield.
Richland, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
3,000. In this town is St. Clairsville, the county
seat.
Richland, t. Clinton co.Ohio, 7 m. E. Wilming-
ton. Pop. 783.
Richland, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E,
Lancaster. Pop. 614.
Richland, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E.
Cambridge. Pop. 227.
Richlieu, or Chambly. See Sorel River.
Richmah's Island, small isl. on the coast of
Maine, 3 m. N. Portland.
Richmond, v. Eng. in Surry, on the S. bank of
the Thames, remarkable for the beauty of its
scenery, and for being the seat of a royal palace
during several centuries. It has an observatory,
and the rich scenery of Richmond and its vicinity
has attracted a number of families of distinction,
whose seats render the village and neighbourhood
remarkably gay and splendid. 9 m. W. S. W.
London. Pop. 5,219.
Richmond, borough t. Eng, in the West Riding
of Yorkshire, on a lofty eminence, on tlie N. bank
of the Swale. The town is on the N. declivity oi
the hill, and the castle crowns the summit.
The chief trade is corn and lead. 40 m, N. W.
626
R I C
R I D
York. Lon.IMS'W. Lat. 54" 24^\. Pop.3,05(j.
Richmond^ t. Uppei- Canada, on Lake Ontario,
W. of Kingston.
Richmond, t Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Cha-
leur bay.
Richmond, p-t. Chittenden co. V't. on Onion
river, 13 m. S. E. Burlington. Pop. 935.
Richmond, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 47 m. S. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,290.
Richmond, p-t. Berks co. Mass. 7 m. W. Lenox,
130 W. Boston. Pop. 1,041.
Richmond, p-t. Washington co. Rhode Island,
30 m, S. Providence. Pop. 1,330.
Richmond, co. N. Y. comprises Staten island.
Pop. 5,347. Chief town, Southfield.
Richrwnd, Ibrmerly Honeoy, t. Ontario co. N.
Y. 16 m. S. W. Canandaigua, 232 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,372.
Richmond, v. in Southfield, N. Y. in which are
the county buildings, [t contains a court-house
and jail, and 2 churches. 12 m. S. New York.
Richmond, p-t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 971.
Richmond, co. Va. bounded N. by Westmore-
land CO. N. E. by Westmoreland and Northum-
berland cos. S. E. by Lancaster co. and S. W. by
Rappahannock. Pop. 6,214. Slaves, 3,178. At
the court-house is a post-office.
Richmond, the metropolis of Virginia, is in Hen-
rico CO. on the N. side of James river, immedi-
ately below the falls, and directly opposite Man-
chester, with which it is connected by two bridges.
The situation is healthy, as well as highly pictu-
resque and beautiful. A part of the city is built on
the margin of the river; the rest upon Shockoe hill,
which overlooks the lower part of the city, and
commands an extensive and delightful prospect of
the river and adjacent country.
Richmond is finely situated for a commercial
and manufacturing city, being at the head of tide
■water, and having an extensive back country,
abounding with tobacco, wheat, and coal. The
James river company have rendered the river
navigable for batteaux for 220 miles above the
city. The canal around the Great Falls com-
mences about 7 miles above the city, and the whole
descent to the basin on Shockoe hill is 43 feet.
The basin is within the city, covering a space of
several acres, and around it are coal yards, lumber
houses, and landing places for the produce brought
down the river. The descent from the basin to tide
water is about 80 feet, and is effected by 13 locks.
The cost and expenses of the canal to the end of the
year 1815, have been estimated at $374,290; the
tolls received, up to the same period, $390,060 ;
and the dividends, $152,000. On the canal are
numerous mill-seats. In 1816, there were brought
down the canal, 14,562 hogsheads of tobacco,
178,846 bushels of wheat, 85,655 barrels of flour,
and 800,000 bushels of coal. The value of the
produce exported from Richmond and Manches-
ter is about $8,00<J,000 annually. The amount
of shipping belonging to this port in 1816, was
9,943 tons. James river is navigable for vessels
of 250 tons to Warwick, and for those of 125 to
Rockets, a mile below Richmond.
Richmond contains a state-house or capitol, a
houee for the governor, a spacious and elegant
court-house, a jail, alms-house, state prison, ar-
mory, 2 market-houses, a museum and academy of
fine arts, Lancasterian school, female orphan asy-
lum, 3 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank,
2 insurance companies, 4 tobacco warehouses, 7
bouses of public v/orship, 2 for Episcopalians, 2
ibr Methodists, and 1 each for Baptists, Friends,
and Jews ; and 1,400 private houses, 800 of brick,
many of them elegant, and 600 of wood. Among
the manufacturing establishments are a glass
house, sugar refinery, iron foundery, rolling and
slitting mill, nail manufactory, and cotton mill.
The state-house or capitol is built in a com-
manding situation on Shockoe hill. The design
was taken from La Maison Quar^e at Nimes, but
the execution falls greatly short of the original.
In the centre of a spacious hall, in the middle of
the building, stands a marble statue of Washing-
ton, executed in Paris. The Virginia Armory is
erected on the south side of the canal, about a
quarter of a mile above the basin. Here are man-
ufactured annually upwards of 4,000 stand of
muskets, 300 rifles, and 1,000 swords and pistols.
In the cannon factory have been cast upwards of
350 cannon. The state prison is of brick, in a
high and healthy situation, and cost the state
$135,402. The whole number of prisoners re-
ceived into it from April 1800 to December 1816,
was 721, of whom 179 were blacks. The monu-
mental church is an interesting edifice, built on
the ruins of the theatre which was consumed by
fire on the night of the 26th of December 1811,
during the rehearsal of a play, at which about 600
persons were present, of whom 66 white persons,
and 6 people of colour lost their lives ; among the
former were George William Smith, Esq. the gov-
ernor of the state, and many others of the first
respectability.
The growth of Richmond has been remarkably
rapid, hi 1 783, the population was less than two
thousand; in 1800, 5,739; !h 1810, 9,735; and ia
1817, 14,338. It is 150 miles from the mouth of
the river, 114 W. N.W. Norfolk, 25 N. Peters-
burg, 123 S. S. W. Washington city. Lat. 37" SC
N. Lon.77°31'W.
Richmond, co. in the S. part of N, Carolina.
Pop. 6,695, including 1,394 slaves. Rockingham
is the chief town. At the court-house, is a post-
oflUce,
i2ic^mon(^, CO. Georgia. Pop. 6, 189, including
3,436 slaves. Augusta is the chief town.
Richmond, p-t. and cap. Madison county, Ken.
Pop. 366.
Richmond, p-t. Ross co. Oiiio. See J^etv Rich-
mond.
Richmond, p-t. Jeflferson co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
Steubenville.
Richmond, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Richmondshire, district, Eng. in Yorkshire, of
which Richmond is the capital.
Richlenberg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 10 m. S.
W. Stralsund. Pop. 800.
Richtenschweil, t. Switz. on the S. side of the
lake of Zurich, 11 m. S. Zurich. Pop. 2,400.
Richwood, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Rickmansworlh, t. Eng. in Hertford co. 18 m. N.
W. London. Pop. 3,230.
Ricla, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon, 30
m. W. S. W. Saragossa.
Ridderkerk, v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
6 m. S. E. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,600.
Ride, v. Eug. in the Isle of Wight, opposite
Portsmouth, 9'm. N.E. Newport.
Ruleau River, r. Canada, which runs into the
Ottawas rivor. It has a perpendicular fall of 40
feet.
Ridge, p-v. St. Mary's co. Md.
Ridge, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C
Ridgeburg, p-t. Orange co. N. Y.
R I G
R I N
6-27
Rtdgefield, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 10 m. S. W.
Danbury, 55 N. E. New York. Pop. 2,103.
Ridgejidd, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Ridge road. See J\''eiv York., Slate of.
Ridgeville, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, 7 m. N. Leb-
aaon.
Ridgeville, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio.
Ridgeicay, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on the Erie
canal.
Ridlej/, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 991.
Riebeck's Casteel, division of the district of Dra-
kenstein, in the Cape of Good Hope, 60 m. E.
Cape Town.
Ried or Riedt, t. Austria, 18 m. E. Braunau, 18
m. S. Passau. Pop. 3,000.
Riedesel, small principality of Germany, in the
grand duchy of Hesse. Area, 70 sq. miles. Pop.
9,200.
Riedlingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 28
m. W. S.W. Ulm, 44 S. S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,500.
Riegel, t. Baden, 14 m. N. N. W. Freyburg.
Pop. 1,700.
Riehen, t. Switz. on the Rhine, 3 m. E. Bale.
Riela, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. N. E, Cala-
tayud.
Riesa, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 24 m. N. W.
Dresden. Pop. 1,100.
Riesenburg, or Prabudka, t. West Prussia, 12
m. E. Marienwerder. Pop. 2,400.
Riesengehirge, i. e. the GianVs Mountains, com-
prehends that part of the great Sudetic chain
which begins on the borders of Lusatia, and sep-
arates Bohemia and Moravia from Silesia.
Rietbcrg. See Rittberg.
Rieti, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on
the Velino, 25 m. S. S. E. Spoleto, 37 N. N. E.
Rome. Pop. 6,500. It is the see of a bishop. A
battle was fought here on the 7th of March 1821,
between the Austrians and Neapolitans, in which
the latter were defeated.
Rieli, district of the States of the Church, N.
E. Rome, Pop. 66,000.
Rieumes, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 23 m.
9. W. Toulouse. Pop. 1, 100.
Rieupeiroux, t. France, in Aveyron, 12 m. E.
by S. Villefranche. Pop. 1,800.
Rieux, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 28 m. S.
by W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,700.
Rieux, t. France, in Morbihan, on the \'^ilaine.
Pop. 2,200.
Riexingen, Upper, t. Wirtemberg, on the Enz,
12 m. N. N. W. Stutgard. Pop. 1,000.
Ries, t. France, in Lower Alps, 23 m. S. by W.
Digne, 40 N. E. Aix. Pop. 2,900.
Riga, Government of. See Livonia.
Riga, city, Eu. Russia, and cap. of Livonia, is
in a large plain on the Dwina or Duna, about
nine miles from the sea. It was, in a commercial
sense, the second city of Russia, until the rapid
increase of Odessa. Its port is both spacious and
safe. Without being a regular fortress, Riga has
considerable strength, having a citadel, and being
surrounded with an earthen mound and moat.
The entrance of the river is guarded by the for-
Iress of Diinamunde. The export trade is chiefly
managed by English and Scotch houses ; the prin-
:ipal articles are timber, flax, hemp, and corn.
The average number of vessels arriving yearly at
Riga is between 700 and 800 ; the computed value
of the ex-ports a million sterling, of which fully the
naif are sent to England and Scotland. The im-
ports are groceries of all kinds, printed cottons,
woollens, silks, and wine; also bay salt and fish.
J85 m. W. S. W. St. Petersburg, 235 S. S. E.
Stockholm. Lon.24''rE. Lat. 56° 5' N. Popi
36,000.
Riga, Gulf of, bay of the Baltic, between the
coasts of Courland, Livonia, and Esthonia. It is
sometimes called the gulf of Livonia.
Riga, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on the W. side of
Genesee river, 20 m. E. Batavia. Pop. 863.
Rigaud, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of Ottawas river, 35 m. W. Montreal.
Rignac, t. France, in Aveyron, 14 m. W. by
N. Rhodez. Pop. 2,000.
Rignac, t. France, in Charente, 3 m. S. Barbe-
sieux. Pop. 1,200.
Rignano, t. Naples, in the Capitauata, 18 m.
W. N. W. Manfredonia. Pop. 2,000.
Rigny le Feron, t. France, in Aube, 24 m. S. W,
Troyes.' Pop. 1,000,
Rigo, small isl, near the N. W. part of the isl-
and of Porto Rico, in the West Indies.
Rigolets, a channel or strait between the states
of Louisiana and Mississippi, which connects Lake
Ponchartrain with Lake Borgne. Pearl river
falls into it.
Rigolets de bon dieu, r. Louisiana, which branch-
es off" from Red river near Natchitochez, and re-
ceiving the waters of Saline lake and Black lake,
unites again with Red river 25 miles above Ale:i-
andria.
Ril, t. Darfur, in Central Africa, 60 m. S. S. B.
Cobbe.
Rilei/, t. Oxford 6o. Maine, 30 m. N. W. Paris.
Riley, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Hamilton.
Rimac, r. Peru, which flows into the sea in laii
12° 2' S.
Rimachuma, lake of Quito, 19 miles long from
N. to S. and 6 wide. It empties itself, on the west
side, into the river Pastaza, in lat. 4" 11' S.
Rima-Szecs, t. Hungary, 17 m. S. Gomer. Lom
20° 14' E. Lat. 48° 18' N.
Rima-Ssombath, or Gross-Steffelsdorf, t. Hunga-
ry, 14 m, E. S. E. Altsohl, on the Rima. Lon. 20°
2' 17" E. Lat. 48" 23' 16" N. Pop. 3,000.
Rimington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, i4i m. W. Si
W. Skipton. Pop. 596.
Rimini, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical states, on
the Marecchia, near its influx into the Adriatici
It had formerly a good harbour; but the sea has
now retired to the distance of a mile and a half;
It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. S. S. E. Ravenna,
50 N. W. Ancona, 150 N, Rome. Lon. 12° 32' E.
Lat. 44° 3' N. Pop. 8,000.
Rimmon, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Simeon^
on the S. border of Palestine. — Also, t. in the tribe
of Zebulun. — Also, a rock near Gibeah.
Rinmik. See Ribnik.
Rimonf, t. France, in Arriege, 7 m. N. E. St^
Girons, 18 W. Foix. Pop. 1,800.
Rimouski, seigniory, Cornwallis co. LowerCan-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence.
Rimpar, t. Bavarian states, 4 m. W. Wurzburg.
Pop. 1,000.
Rincadrolean Point, cape on the W. coast of
Ireland. Lon. 10° 13' W. Lat. 52° 44' N.
Rindge, or Ringe, p-t. Cheshire co. N.H.39m,
S. W. Concord, 55 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,226.
Ring Island, small isl. opposite Newburyport,
Mass.
Ringkioping, or Rinkoping, t. Denmark, in N.
Jutland, 52 m'^ N. by W. Ripen, 45 S. W. Wiborg
Lon. 8° 18' E. Lat. 56° 6' N.
Rincleben, t. Germany, belonging to Saxe-
Weimar, 6 m. N. Erfurt, 26 E. N. E. EiseDach*
Lon. IF 2' E. Lat. 51° 6' N.
62$ RIP
Ringo's Town^ p-v, Hunterdon co. N. J. 15 m,
N. W. Princeton.
Ringsheim, v. Baden, 2 m. W. by S. Ettenheim,
Pop. 1,100.
Ringstedl, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
30 ra. S. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 700.
Ritigicood, t. Eng. in Hampshire, on the Avon,
30 m. S. W. Winchester, 91 S. W. London. Lon.
r48'W. Lat.50''50'N. Pop. 3,269.
Rinteln, t. Germany, on the Weser, 30 m. W.
S. W. Hanover, 10 S. E. Minden. Pop. 2,700.
Riniimpore. See Rantampore.
Rinviel Point, cape, Ireland, on the W. coast of
Galway co. Lon. 9° 58' E. Lat. 53^ 36' N.
Rio Grande^ r. Zanguebar, in E. Africa, which
falls into the Indian sea, in lon. 41° 30' E. lat 2°
6'S.
Rio Grande. See Grande, Rio.
Rio Grande, province, Brazil, bounded by the
capitania of St. Paul's on tlie N. Matto Grosso on
the W. and the Spanish territories on the S. The
climate is very fine, and the soil so productive,
that this district may be called the granary of
Brazil. The wheat grown here is shipped to all
the ports on the coast. The other exports are
beef, tallow, and hides, to a great amount.
Rio Grande, the capital of tlie above province,
iS at the mouth of a river of the same name, in lat.
32° S. It is well defended, and carries on an ex-
tensive trade in the productions of the province.
Rio de Ouro, r. of the Sahara, in W. Africa,
which falls into the Atlantic, in lon. 16° W. lat.
23° 33' N.
Rio das Pedrus, r. W. Africa, which falls into
the Atlantic, in lat. 9" 10' N.
Rio del Rey, r. W. Africa, which falls into the
gulf of Benin, in about lon. 8° 5' E. lat. 4° 30' N.
Rioni, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 50 m. S. by
W. Moulins. Lon. 3° 6' E. Lat. 45° 51' N. Pop.
13,500.
Rions, t. France, in Gironde, 17 m. S. E. Bour-
deaux. Pop. 1,500.
Riopar, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 17 m. S. by W.
Alcaraz. Pop. 4,600.
Riou's Island, or Rooahooga, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, 24 miles in circumference. Lon. 130" 9'
W. Lat. 8° 54' S.
Ripa Limosani, t. Naples, 9 m. E. Molise. Pop.
3,100.
Ripa Transone, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 12 m. N. E. Ascoli. It is the see of a
bishop.
Ripley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Nyd,
4 m. N. W. Knaresborough, 211 N. by W. Lon-
don.
Ripley, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3i m. S. S. W.
Alfreton. Pop. 1,439.
Ripley, p-L Somerset co. Maine.
Ripley, p-L Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie,
■\V. of Maysville.
Ripley, p-t and cap. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio
tiver, 46 m. S. E. Cincinnati.
Ripley, co. Indiana. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Ripley, t. Bond co. Illinois, on Shoal creek, 20
m. E. Edwardsville, 10 W. Perryville.
Ripoli, L Spain, in Catalonia, 52 m. N. by E.
Barcelona, 15 N. Vique. Pop. 2,4f)0.
Ripon, or Rippon, t. and borough, Eng. in the
West Riding of Yorkshire, near the confluence of
the Ure and the Skell. It was once celebrated
for its manufacture of spurs. A navigable canal
comes near to the town, which communicates
R I V
with York, Hull,, &c. 23 m. N. W. York. Loa,,
r31'W. Lat. 54° 8' N. Pop. 3,633.
Ripton, Addison co. Vt. E. of Middlebury,
Ripton, p-v. in Huntington, Ct.
Rirouat VUaieti. See Croatia.
Ris, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. N. Thier--
Pop. 1,400.
Risano, t. Austrian Dalmatia, at the bottom oi
the gulf of Cattaro, 8 m. N. Cattaro. Pop. 1,800.
Rishborou^h Monks, t. Eng. in Buckingham co-
7 m. S. Aylesbury. Pop, 899.
Riscle, t. France, in Gers, on the Adour, 35 m.
W. Auch. Pop. 1,200.
Rishton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E. by E,
Blackburn. Pop. 1,084.
Rishworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, li m. from
Halifax. Pop. 1,211.
Rising Sun, p-t. Cecil co. Md.
Rising Sun, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana, on the
Ohio, 15 m. below the mouth ol the Miami, 18 m.
below Lawrenceburg, 18 above Vevay. The vil-
lage is pleasEintly situated, and contains 40 or 50
houses.
Ristigouche, seigniory, Gaspe co. Lower Cana-
da, at the head of Chaleur bay.
Ristigouche, r. which separates Lower Canada
and New Brunswick, and falls into Chaleur bay.
Rittberg, small principality of the Prussian
states, on the Ems. Area, 65 sq. miles. Pop.
about 12,000. Rittberg, or Rietberg, the chief
town, is on the Ems, 38 m. S. S. W. Minden, 9 N.
by E. Lippestadt. Pop. 1,400.
Ritsebuttel, the chief place of abailiwick, belong-
ing to the city of Hamburgh, 54 m. W, N. W.
Hambui^h, 1 S. Cuxhaven. Pop. 1,500.
Riva, t. Austrian Italy, on the Lake of Como,
6 m. S. Chiavenna.
Riva, or Reiff, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, 17
m. S. W. Trent. Pop. 3,100.
Riva di Chieri, t. Sardinian states, 10 m. E. bv
S. Turin. Pop. 2,300.
Rivalba, t. Piedmont, 10 m. N. N. E. Turiu-
Pop. 1,000.
Rivalta, t. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the
Mincio into the lake of Mantua, 5 m. W. Mantua.
Pop. 1,500.
Rivanna, r. Va. which runs into the N. side of
James river, at Columbia. It is navigable 22
miles for boats.
Rivara, t. Piedmont, 14 m. W. by N. Chivasso.
Pop. 1,200.
Rivarolo, t. Piedmont, 18 m. N. N. E. Turin,
Pop. 5,200.
Riudorm, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 11m. W. by
N. Tarragona. Pop. 2,400.
Rive de Gier, t France, in Loire, 12 m. N. E,
St. Etienne, 22 S. S. W. Lyons. Pop. 4,300.
Rivel de Lassemals, t. France, in Aude, 9 m. W.
N. W. QiiiUan. Pop. 1,000.
Rivello, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 10 m. E. by S.
Policastro. Pop. 5,400.
River, Haute, t. Sardinian states, near Cham-
berry. Pop. 5,000.
Riverhead, v. Eng. in Kent, i m. from Seven
Oalcs.
Riverhead, p-t. New London co. Ct.
Riverhead, p-t. and cap. Suffolk co. N. Y. on the
N. side of Long Island, 90 m. E. New York. It
contains a court-house, 4 churches, 3 for Congre-
gationalists and 1 for Presbyterians, and 4 parish-
es. Pop. 1,711; in 1820, 1,907.
Riven, t. France, in here, 8 m. N. W. Grenoble.
Pop. 1,400.
R O A
ROC
629
Rivesalles, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 6 m.
N.by W. Perpignan. Pop. 1,800.
Riviere des Huron, r. Lower Canada, which
ialls into the Sorel at Fort Chambly.
Riviere du Loup, seigniory, St. Maurice co.
Lower Canada, on Lake St. Peter, 22 m- W. Three
Rivers.
Riviere Quelle, seigniory, Cornwallia co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 77 m.
N. E. Quebec.
Riv-ere des Prairies, r. Lower Canada, which
divides the island of Montreal from Isle Jesus;
after which it joins the St. Lawrence.
Rivington, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. from
Bolton.
Rivoli, t. Italy, in Piedmont., 9 m. W. Turin.
Pop. 3,100.
Rivoli, small t. Lombardy, on the Adige, 12 m.
N. W. Verona.
Riviere du Loup, seigniory, Comwallis co. Low-
er Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 95
m. N. E. Quebec.
Rixieville, p-v. Ciilpeper co. Va.
Rizton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. E. by N.
Warrington. Pop. 886.
Rizeh, t. A. Turkey, on the Black sea, 45 m. E.
by N. Trebisond.
Rizzuto, Cape, promontory, Naples, on the coast
of Calabria. Lon. 17" 25' E. Lat. 38° 57' N.
Riask, t. Eu. Russia, 70 m, S. S. E. Riazan.
Pop. 900.
Ro, or Rho, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. N. W. Mi-
lan.
Roa, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the N. side of the
Douro, 25 m. N. Segovia. Pop. 2,500.
Roan, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 125°
3'E. Lat. 2° 19' N.
Roane, co. Tennessee, on the Tennessee river,
at the junction of the Clinch and Holston. Pop.
5,581, including 670 slaves. Chief town, Kings-
ton.
Roan\'i Creek, p-v. Carter co. Tennessee.
Roanne, t. France, on the Loire, 40 m. N. W.
Lyons. It is an entrepot for goods sent from the
E. and S. E. of France, to Orleans, Nantes, Paris,
&c. 30 m. N. Mont Brison. Lon. 4° 4' E. Lat.
46" 2' N. Pop. 7,000.
Roanoke, Little, r. Va. which runs into the
Staunton, 15 miles above the junction of the Dan.
Roanoke, isl. near the coast of N. Carolina, at
the entrance into Albemarle sound. The N. point
of the island is 7 m. W. of Roanoke inlet.
Roanoke Inlet, channel on the coast of N. Car-
olina, which leads into Albemarle sound. Lon. 76°
W. Lat. 35" 56' N.
Roanoke, r. formed by the Staunton and Dan,
the former of which rises in the Allegany moun-
tains in Virginia, on the west side of the Blue
Ridge, and the latter on the borders of N. Caroli-
na and Virginia. After their union near the south-
em boundary of Virginia, the river assumes the
name of Roanoke, and flowing S. E. falls into the
head of Albemarle sound. It is navigable to Hal-
ifax, near the foot of the Great Falls, 75 miles by
land from the mouth of the river, for vessels of 45
tons burden. At the Great Falls the river de-
scends 100 feet in a distance of 12 miles; but a
canal is now in progress around these falls, which
will open the navigation for batteaux as far as the
Junction of the Dan and the Staunton. The Dan
has been made navigable to Danville, and the
Staunton is navigable for some distance for boats
of 5 ton?. The lands on the Roanoke are among
iiie most productive in the United States. Its
products annually for exportation may be estima-
ted at $2,500,000, and when the full effect of the
improvements in its navigation is reaUzed, will
probably exceed $5,000,000. At present a great
portion of the produce is carried to Norfolk through
the Dismal Swamp canal, but efforts are now msik-
ing by the North Carolinians to secure this trade
to some port within the limits of their own state.
Roaring River, r. Tennessee, which runs into
the Cumberland, 12 m. below the mouth of Obed'e
river.
Roaring Water, r. Ireland, which runs into
Roaring Water bay, 5 m. W. S. W. Skibbereen.
Roaring Water Bay, bay on the S. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 9° 22' W. Lat. 51° 28' N.
Roatun. See Ruatan.
Robaree, rocks near the S. coast of Ireland, 3 no.
S. E. Galley Head. Lon. 8° 50' W. Lat. 51° 31' N.
Robben Island, or Seal Island, isl. of Africa, near
the Cape of Good Hope, at the entrance int»
False bay, 6 miles in circumference. Lon. 18° 20'
E. Lat. 33° 40' S.
Robbinston, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on Pas-
samaquoddy bay, 30 m. N. E. Machias. Pop. 365.
Robbstoivn, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Robe, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Corrib,
12 m. W. Ballingrobe.
Robecq, v. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 4 m. S. W.
St. Vincent. Pop. 2,'300.
Robel, t. Germany, in Me<:klonburg-Strelitz, 20
m. W. Strelitz, 28 W. S. W. New Brandenburg,
Pop. 1,800.
Robert Bay, bay in the island of Martinique
It is nearly two leagues deep, and is formed by
two points, on the E., La Rosa, and on the W., Lo,=r
Galeones.
Robert's Island, small isl. in the Florida stream,
Lon. 81° 33' W. Lat. 24° 42' N.
Roberts'' s Isles, 2 large islands in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 219" 47' E. Lat. 7" 53' S.
Robert'' s Store, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Robertson, co. West Tennessee, on the N. side
of Cumberland river. Pop. 7,270, including 1,601;
slaves. Chief town, Springfield.
Robertson, t. Allegany co. Pa. Pop. 899.
Robertville, p-v. Beaufort district, S. C.
Robeson, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,807.
Robesoji, CO. in the S. part of N. Carolina. Pop.
7,528, including 1,340 slaves. Lumberton is tbt-
chieftown.
RobiUante, t. Piedmont, 8 m. S. Coni.
Robinal, settlement, Mexico, 40 m. S. 9. W
Vera Paz. Pop. 800.
Robinhood^s Bay, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. £
E. Whitby.
Robin'' s Island, small isl. N. Y. at the E. end oi"
Long Island, belonging to Southold.
Robinson, t. Washington co. Pa.
Robinson's I-.land, small isl. in the Floridfi
stream. Lon. 81" 35' W. Lat. 24° 43' N.
Robion, r. France, in Isere, which falls into the
Rhone, near Montmelian.
RoMedo, t. Spain, in New Castile, 33 m. S. by
E. Ciudad Real, 57 N. by E. Jaen. Pop. 6,400.
Robles, r. New Granada, which unites with the
Honda and enters the Cauca, in lat. 2° 34' N.
Roca, archipelago of small islands on the coast
of Venezuela, in New Granada, about 23 mile?
from E. to W. and 10 from N. to S. liOn. 66° 45
W. Lat. 11° 55' N.
Roca de Ilheos, small isl. on the coa^t f>f Vene
zuela. Lat. irsi'N.
6d0
ROC
Roca Partido, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lou. 128" W. Lat. 16°35'N.
Rocab, 3-p. Hadramaut, in Arabia, on the Indian
ocean, 30 m. S. S. W. Sahar.
Rocamadour, t. France, in Lot, 22 m. N. Ca-
bors. Pop. 1,100.
Rocca^ t. Austrian Italy, on the La»o Ma^ffiore,
30 m. N. W. Milan.
Rocca, Cabo da, cape, Portugal, in Estremadu-
ra, the most westerly point of land in Europe. It
is often called the rock of Lisbon. Lon. 9° 29' 21''
W. Lat. 38" 46' 6" N.
Rocco de Meto, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 40
m, W. by S. Cosenza.
Rocco Ramola, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavo-
ro, 3 m. N. by E. Nola.
Rocca S. Casciano, t. Tuscany, 6 m. S. S. W.
Florence.
Rocca Secca, t. Jfaples, in Terra di Lavoro, 7
m, S. S. E. Arpino. Pop. 2,500.
Roccabruna, t. Piedmont, 3 m. E. N. E. Monaco.
Pop. 1,700.
Roccacontrada, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical
states, 24 m. E. S. E. Urbino.
Roccella, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the
sea, 6 m. N. by W. Mileto, 45 N. N. E. Reg-io.
Rocchetta^ t. Sardinian states, 10 m. S. E. Cham-
berry.
Roch, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 4i m. S. VV.
by S. Bewdley. Pop. 835.
jRoc/i, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Majorca.
Lon. 3" 5' E. Lat. 39" 40' N.
Rocha, t. Buenos Ayres, 35 m. N, B. Maldonado.
Lon. 54" 12' W. Lat. 34° 22' S.
Rochdale, t Eng. in Lancaster co. on the Roche,
at the foot of the Blackstone-Edge hills. It has
long been distinguished for trade and manufac-
tures. The chief articles are baizes, flannels, ker-
seys, coatings, and broad cloths. 11 m. N. by E.
Manchester, 194 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2" 10'
W. Lat. 53° 37' N. Pop. of the parish, 29,085 ;
ofthe town, 10,823.
Roche, La, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the
Ourthe, 33 m. S. Liege. Pop. 1,400.
Roche, t. Switz. in Vaud, 40 m. E. by N. Gene-
va, 3 N. x\. W. Aigle.
Roche, t. Savoy, 12 m. S. by E. Geneva. Pop.
2,300.
Roche. See Rocky River.
Roche VMeille, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 17
m. S. Limoges. Pop. 900,
Roche-Bernard, t. France, in Morbihan, on the
Vilaine, 25 m. S. E. Vannes, 45 N. W. Nantes.
Pop. 1,300.
Roche en Breme, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 6 m.
N. W. Saulieu. Pop. 1,700.
Roche-Chalais, t. France, in Dordogne, 34 m.
W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,000.
Roche-Chouart, t. France, in Upper Vienne,
22 m. W. Limoges, 34 N. E. Angouleme. Pop.
1,500.
Roche- Derrien, t. Prance, in Cotes-du-Nord,^ 9
m. E. Lannion. Pop. 800.
Roche-Guyon, t. France, on the Seine, 8 m. N.
by W. Mantes. Pop. 1,000.
Roche Millay, t. France, in Nievre, 12 m. S. E.
Moulins. Pop. 1,500.
Roche Pere, r. Missouri, which runs into the
Missouri, in Howard county.
Roche en Reignicr, t. France, in Upper Loire,
11 m. N.W. Ysseageaux, 14 N. Le Puv. Pop.
),500.
Rnrh4' anr Gov, See Bourbon Vendee.
ROC
Rochefort, t. France, in Lower Charente, on tii
Charente, 5 miles from its influx into the Atlantic;
It contains an arsenal, cannon foundry, and ex-
tensive magazines of naval stores. The harbour,
being one of the great naval stations of the king-
dom, is protected by five forts. It is formed by
the Charente, is secure, and capable, from it"
depth, of admitting vessels of great size. Thi
docks are very complete. 20 m. S. E. La R(
chelle, 100 N. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0° 57' W. La'
45° 56' N. Pop. 15,000.
Rochefort, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 18 m. S
W. Clermont. Pop. 1,400.
Rochefort, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m.
S. W. Angers. Pop. 2,400.
Rochefort en .Ardennes. See Roche, La.
Rochefort Samson, v. Fi'ance, in Drome, 12 m,
E. N. E". Valence. Pop. 1,000.
Rochefoucault, t. France, in Charente, 20 m.
N. E. Angouleme, 58 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,400.
Rochelle, La, t. France, cap. of Lower Cha-
rente, is on a plain at the bottom of a small gulf of
the Atlantic. Its fortifications, the work of the
famous Vauban, are in good condition, and con-
sist of 19 lai^e bastions, and 8 half moons, inclosed
by a moat and covered way. On the side of the
sea it has a massy wall, flanked with large antique
towers. The town is well built, the streets broad,
and the houses spacious. Its port stretches into
the interior of the town, like that of Marseilles,
and though not large, is secure. The trade of La
Rochelle is considerable. It exports wines, bran-
dy, flour, linen, and bay salt, 78 m. S. Nantes,
and 335 S. W. Paris. Lon. 1° 9' W. Lat. 46° 9
N. Pop. 17,500.
Rochemaure, t. France, in Ardeche, near the
Rhone, 6 m. N. W. Montelimart. Pop. 1,050.
Roche Perce, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Rochester, ancient city, Eng. in Kent, on the
Medway. On the E. it is connected by a contin-
ed range of buildings with Chatham, and on the
W. by the bridge over the river, with the village
of Strood. The chief public buildings are the
castle, the cathedral, the churches, the town-hall,
the bridge, and Watt's charitj'-house and dormito-
ries. The bridge over the Medway is thought su-
perior to any other in the kingdom, for heigh "^
strength, and elegance, except the London bridge
It sends two members to Parliament. 27 m. N.\\
Canterbury, 29 S. E. London. Lon. 0° 30' E. Lai
51° 23' N. Pop. 9,070, or, including Chatham,
21,722.
Rochester, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 25 m. N.
N. W. Hexham.
Rochester, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on the S.
side of Lake St. Clair.
Rochester, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 34 m. N. W.
Windsor, Pop. 911.
Rochester, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on Salmon
Fall river. Near the centre of this town is the
village of Norway Plains, containing a church,
court-house, and about 40 dwelling-houses. One
term of the court of common pleas is held here
annually. 18 m. N. Portsmouth.
Rochester, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. on Buzzard's
bay, 20 m. S. W. Plymouth, 48 S. Boston, Lon.
70°40'W, Lat, 41" 42' N. Pop, 2,954.
Rochester, t. Ulster co. N.Y. 14 m. S. W. Kings-
ston. Pop. 1,882,
Rochester, or Rochestervilk, p-v. Genesee co,
N. Y. at the falls ofthe Genesee river, 16 m. from
it? mouth. At this place the Erie canal strikes
the Genesee. It is a very flourishing village, and
ROC
ROE
631
•a place of considerable trade. A weekly news-
paper is published here.
Rochttla, t. Sardinian states in Montferrat, 3 m.
N. E. Cairo, 16 S. S. E. Acqui. Pop. 2,600.
Rochford, t. Eng. in Essex, 16 m. S. E. Chelms-
ford, 39 E. London. Pop. 1,214.
Rochlitz, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 28 m. S. S, E.
Leipsic. Pop. 2,100.
Rock, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 16 m. N. Cadiz.
Rockcastle, co. Kentucky.
Rock Fish, r. Va. which runs into James river
on the N.
Rock Hall, p-v. Kentco. Md.
Rock Hill, t. Bucks co. Pa, Pop. 1,508.
Rock Landing, v. Halifax co. N. C. at the head
of the great falls of the Roanoke, 12 m. above Hal-
ifax.
Rock River, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa-
bash on the N. side, 150 m. above Vincennes.
Rock River, Illinois. See Rocky River.
Rock Spring, p-v. Nelson co. Va.
Rockaway, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on Rockaway
river, a branch of the Passaic, 7 m. N. by W. Mor-
ristown.
Rockbridge, co. in the centra! part of Va. Pop.
10,318, including 1,724 slaves. Chief town, Lex-
ington. In this county is the famous natural bridge
over Cedar creek. See Cedar Creek.
Rockcastle, co. Kentucky. Pop. 1,731, includ-
ing 163 slaves.
Rockdale, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 401.
Rockenhausen, t. Bavarian province of the
Rhine, 13 m. N. by E. Kaiserslautern. Pop.
1,100.
Rockford, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Rockhall, p-v. Kent co. Md.
Rockingham, t. Eng. in Northampton co. on the
Welland, 84 m. N. by W. London. Pop. 230.
Rockbigham, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connec-
ticut river, 20 m. below Windsor. Pop. 1,954.
Rockingham, co. N. H. bounded N. by Strafford
CO. E. by Maine and the Atlantic, S. by Massa-
chusetts, and W. by Hillsborough co. Pop. 50, 175.
Chief towns, Portsmouth and Concord.
Rockingham, co. in the central part of Va. Pop.
12,753, including 1,491 slaves.
Rockingham, co. on the N. side of N. C. It is
watered by the Dan. Pop. 10,316, including
2,1 14 slaves. At the court-house is a post-office.
Rockingham, t. and cap. Richmond co. N. C. 6
m. E. of Pedee river, 74 from Hillsborough.
Rockland, co. N. Y. bounded N. W. by Orange
CO. E. by the Hudson, and S. W. by N. Jersey.
Pop. 7,758. Chief town, Clarkstown.
Rockland, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. Pop. 309.
Rockland, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,026.
Rockville, p-v. Montgomery co. Md,
Rockxille, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Rocky Hill, p-v. in Wethersfield, Ct.
Rocky Hill Mills, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
R.ocky Mount, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Va. 25
m. N. Martinsburg.
Rocky Mount, p-v. Nash co. N. C.
Rocky Mount, p-v. Chester district, S. C.
Rocky Mountains, a name given to that part of
the great American range which lies in the U.
States, and British America. They are a contin-
uation of the Cordilleras of Mexico, and termi-
aate on the Frozen ot ean, in about lat. 70" N. di-
viding the waters which fall into the Atlantic,
from those which flow into the Pacific ocean.
Rocky Ridge, p-v. Christian co. Ken
Rocky River, r. N. C. which runs into the Yad-
kin.
Rocky River, r. Ohio, which runs into lake
Erie, 10 m. W. Cleveland.
Rocky River, r. Indiana, which falls into the
Wabash from the E. 78 m . above Vincennes. Its
branches interlock with those of the main fork of
White river. It is 100 yards wide at its mouth,
and has several lai^e forks.
Rocky Rii'er, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into lake Michigan.
Rocky, or Rock River, or Roche, r. which rises
in the North-west Territory, runs through the N.
W. part of Illinois, and flows into the Mississippi,
160 m. above the Illinois, 400 above St. Louis, af-
ter a course of 200 miles. It is 300 yards wide at
its mouth.
Rocky Springs, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C.
Rocoux, V. Netherlands, in Liege, 2 m. N. W.
Liege.
Rocquigny, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. N.
N. W. Rethel. Pop. 1,200.
Rocroy, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. N. W.
Meziere's, 44 S. E. Mons. Pop. 2,900.
Roda, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. N. N. E.
Vique. Pop. 2,400.
Roda, La, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 20 m. S.
Alarcon, 22 S. E. San Clement. Pop. 2,400.
Rodach, t. Germany, in Saxe-Coburg, 6 m. W.
N. W. Coburg. Pop. 1,300.
Rodborough, t. England, in Gloucester, 1 m.
W. by S. Stroud. Pop. 1,628.
Rodbye, commonly called Roebye, s-p. Den-
mark, in the island of Laland, on an arm of the
Baltic, 12 m. S. E. Naskov. Pop. 800.
Rodden, r. England, in Salop, which falls into
the Terne, near Roddington.
Rodelheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 3
m. W. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 900.
Rodelsee, t. Bavarian states, 2 m. from Kitzin-
gen.
Rodemachern, or Rodemack, t. France, in Mo-
selle, 9 m. N. N. E. Thionville, 25 N. Metz. Pop.
1,000.
Rodenberg, t. Germany, 17 m. W. by S. Hano-
ver. Pop. 850.
Roder, r. Saxony, which falls into the Schwartz
Elster, 2 m. below Elsterwerda.
Rodez. See Rhodez.
Rodi, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 20 m. N. W.
Manfredonia. Pop. 3,000.
Rodman, t. Jeffei-son co. (N. Y.) S. of Water-
town. Pop. 1,277.
Rodney Point, point on the N. W. coast of Ame-
rica, forming the N. point of Norton sound, Lon.
166° 3' W. Lat. 64° 30' N.
Rodoni, cape on the coast of Albania, in the
Adriatic. Lon. 19" 16' E. Lat. 41° 55' N,
Rodosto, or Rodosdschig, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania, near the sea of Marmora, 55 m. N. E. Gal-
lipoli, 68 W. Constantinople. Lon. 27° 25' 16'' E.
Lat. 40° 58' 34" N. Pop. 16,000.
Rodostopos, hamlet, Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 12
m. N. Joannina.
Rodrigues Key, isl. on the coast of Florida, one
of the Tortugas. Lon. 81° 17' W. Lat. 25° N.
Roe, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs intfr
Lough Foyle, 2 m. N. W. Limavaddy.
Roebuck Island, small isl. N. Y. at the E. ex-
tremity of lake Ontario.
Roer, or Ruhr, 2 rivers of the Prussian states :
the one flowing through Lower Rhine, and Cleves-
and-Berg, passes by Duren and Juliers, aud falls
63)^
ROM
R O M
into the Maese ; the other joins the Rhine be-
tween Ruhrort and Duisburg.
Roeulx, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 8 m. E. N.
E. Mons. Pop. 2,500.
Rofrano, t Naples, in the Principato Citra, 12
Hi. N. N. W. Policaatro. Pop. 2,000.
Rogasen, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. N. by E.
Posen. Pop. 3,500.
Rogatichev, t. Eu. Russia, on the Dnieper, 54 m.
S. S. W. Mohilev.
Rogaa, V. Prussian Saxony, 14 ni. N. by E. Mag-
debur*. Pop. 800.
Rogersmills, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y.
Rogerstown, t. Missouri, 40 m. S. W, St. Louis.
Rogersiille, p-t. Pendleton district, S. C.
Rogersville, p-t. and cap. Hawkins co. Tennes-
see, on the Holston. It is pleasantly situated in
Carter's valley, and contains a court-house, a
bank, an academy, and a printing-office. In 1816,
a salt lick was discovered about 9 miles N. W. of
this place, from which it is expected the surroun-
ding country may be supplied with salt. 65 m.
E. N. E. Knoxville.
Roggenburg, t. Bavaria, 14 m, S. E. Ulm. Pop.
1,800.
Roggeveld, Upper, Middle, and Lillle, three dis-
tricts in the N. part of the territory of the Cape
of Good Hope.
Rogliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m. S.
by E. Cosenza. Pop. 3,400.
Rognes, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12
m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 2,000.
Rohan, t. France, in Moibihan, 30 m. N. Van-
nes. Pop. 1,500.
Rolianpore, t. Bengal, in Mouldah, on the E.
bank of the Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88° 26' E.
Lat. 24° 48' N.
Rohan- Rohan, t. France, in Two- Sevres, 6 m.
S. S. W. Niort. Pop. 1,900.
Rohilcund, properly Kuttaher, valuable district,
Hind, formerly belonging to the province of Delhi,
but now included in the district of Bareily. It is
situated between the Ganges and Gogra, and be-
tween 28° and 30° N. lat. It was ceded to the
British in 1801.
Rohitsch, t. Austrian states, in 21 m. E. Cilley.
Rohnstock, v. Austrian states, 2 m. from Jauer.
Rohr, t. Bavaria, 16 m. S. Ratisbon, 7 E. S. E.
Abensberg.
Rohra, v. Prussian Saxony, 2 m. E. Meinungen.
Pop. 1,000.
Rohrheim, or Great Rohrheim, v. Germany, 13
m. S. S. W. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,100.
Rohrsdorf Bober, v. Prussian states, on the So-
ber, 57 m. W. by S. Breslan. Pop. 1,600.
Rohrsdorf, Gross, v. Saxony, 11 m. N. E. Dres-
den. Pop. 2,000.
Roibon, t. France, in Isere, 22 m. W. N. W.
Grenoble. Pop. 2,300.
Roiselle, t. France, in Somme, 6 m. E. Peronne.
Pop. 1,200.
Rokitzan, or Rokyczany, t. Bohemia, 8 m. E.
Pilsen, 42 W. S. W. Prague. Pop. 2,300.
Rolland, isl. in the Indian sea, about 9 miles in
circumference. Lon. 68° 43' E. Lat. 48° 37' N.
Rolle, t. Switzerland, in Vaud, 18 m. N. N. E.
Geneva. Pop. 2,400.
Rolpah, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 82° 5' E.
Lat. 29° 22' N.
Rom, small isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of
Sleswick, 8 miles long and 2 broad. Pop. 1,500.
Lon. 8° 31' E, Lat. 55° 9' N.
Rom Islands, 2 small islands, N. Y. at the E.
end of Long Island, in Fisher's island sound, be-
longing to Southhold.
Roma, Campagna di. See Campngna.
Roma, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 127°20'E.
Lat. 7° 35' N.
Roniagna, province, Italy, in the States of the
Church, on the Adriatic, and bounded N. by the
Ferrarese. The capital is Ravenna.
Romagnano, t. Sardinian states, 20 m. N. Ver-
celli.
Romainville, v. France, 5 m. E. Paris. Pop.
1,000.
Roman, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, at the junc-
tion of the Moldava and Sereth, 45 m. W. S. W.
Jassy, 145 W. Bender.
Roman, Cape, cape on the coast of S. C. 21
leagues E. N. E. Charleston lighthouse. Lon. 79°
30' W. Lat. 33° 5' N.
Roman, Cape, cape on the coast of Florida, 20J
leagues N. VV. by N. Cape Sable.
Romania, Rumelia, or Rum-Ili, province, Eu.
Turkey, bounded N. by Serviaand Bulgaria; E.
by the Black sea ; S. by the sea of Marmora, the
Archipelago, and the Mediterranean ; and W. by
Albania. The whole of this fine country, com-
prising Thrace, Macedon, and ancient Greece, is
in a very backward state of civilization.
Romano, t. Austrian Italy, 26 m. E. Milan- Pop.
3,200.
Romano, t. Piedmont,j5 m. S. Ivrea. Pop. 2,000.
Romanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, on the
Volga, 34 m. N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2, 100.
Romanov, or Romanovka, t. Russia, in Minsk,
22 m. W. by N. Sluck, 65 S. S. W. Minsk.
Romanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, on the Vol-
ga, 16 m. \W. N. W. Jaroslav. Lon. 39° 40' E. Lat.
57" 46' N. Pop. 4,200,
Romans, t. France, in Drome, on the Isere, 1 1
m. N. E. Valence, 28 W. S. W. Grenoble. Pop.
6,500.
Romblon, or Romblino, one of the smaller Phi-
lippine islands, 30 miles in circumference. Lon.
121° 58' E. Lat. 12° 40' N.
Rome, a large and famous city of Italy, for-
merly the seat of the Roman empire, and the
capital of the world, is built chiefly on the left or
eastern bank of the Tiber, 15 m. from its mouth,
100 N. W. Naples, The space inclosed by walls,
approaches to the form of a square, and is about
13 miles in circuit, but a considerable portion of it
is covered with vineyards, corn fields, or villas,
the close population occupying little more than a
third of the space included within the walls. —
The streets of Rome have seldom any foot pave-
ment : a number of them are long and straight,
and not unfrequently terminated by an obelisk, a
fountain, and a church, but they are generally
narrower than those of Lordon. The houses are
partly of stone, partly of brick, and frequently
covered with stucco. The squares are small, but
numerous, and in general adorned with obelisks,
fountains, or other monuments. — The wall that
surrounded Rome in the time of the emperors, is
in many places in good preservation. Among the
ancient edifices is the Pantheon or Rotunda, a
structure distinguished equally for solidity and
elegance. Its beauty consists in its proportions.
A still more imposing object is the amphitheatre
of Vespasian, a structure of an oval form, 581 feet
long, 481 broad, and 1,616 in circumference, be-
ing the largest amphitheatre ever knowii. It has
been much dilapidated, but there remains euoqgh
ROM
of the great circular wall to form a most striking
and sublime object. Of the triumphal arches of
ancient Rome, the only one remaining entire is
the arch of Constantine, with its pillars, statues,
imd has reliefs, all of the finest marble. Trajan's
I pillar still stands on the spot where it was erected
; by that emperor, and is still covered with admi-
rable bas reliefs, representing his expedition
. against the Dacians. The pillar is of marble; its
) diameter at the base is 1 1 feet, at the top 10 ; its
i total height 133. — Of the ancient Roman roads,
' several, such as the Via Latina, the Via Vitellia,
I the Via Aureiia, still serve to ap})roach the Capi-
I tol. — Of the ancient aqueducts, there remain only
I three; yet their supply of water is extremely co-
pious. The sewers are now much obstructed by
I stones and earth. As to public baths, those great
; objects of Roman luxury, there remain of those
i of Caracalla little but the walls; but the baths of
! Titus are in better preservation. — Of the various
theatres and circuses of ancient Rome, hardly a
vestige remains.
i No city in Europe is superior to modern Rome
j in the number and magnificence of its churches.
1 The principal is that of St. Peter's, in which the
i arts of architecture, sculpture, and painting, are
; all displayed in the highest perfection. It was
t commenced in 1506, and no less than 18 successive
; Popes v/ere employed in its construction. The
most celebrated architects of modern times, Bra-
mante, Raphael, Michael Angelo, Vignola, Ma-
j derno, and Bernini, have displayed their talents
; on this vast undertaking, the total expense of
i which must have amounted to at least 12,000,000/.
j sterling. Entering a circular court formed by a
f vast colonnade, the spectator is struck by the ma-
1 jestic front of the building, extending 400 feet in
\ length, and rising to the height of 180. The eye
j is at the same time gratified with the majestic
I dome, riying from the central part of the roof of
the church, to a height which, reckoning from the
ground, is 424 feet. The interior of the church
corresponds perfectly with its outward grandeur.
Five lofty portals open into the portico, a gallery
extending across the width of the edifice, and re-
sembling in size a cathedral. This magnificent
entrance is paved with marble, covered by a gild-
ed vault, and closed at either end by statues. Op-
posite to the five ixjrtals are five doors, each lead-
ing into the church. On entering any of these,
:he spectator beholds the most spacious hall ever
constructed by human art, expanding in magnifi-
cent perspective, its length being above 600 Eng-
lish feet.
There are three palaces belonging to the Pope,
yjz. the Lateran, the Quirini, and the Vatican.
The Vatican was erected by difTerent architects
\t different eras, and forms not one, but an assem-
blage of edifices. Its extent is immense, and the
lumber of its rooms, great and small, is estimated
it 10,000. The palaces belonging to private fam-
ilies are numerous, and remarkable for their size
md internal decorations.
Rome is the seat of several seminaries ; a uni-
versity, a G'reek, a German, and a Jesuit college.
The Propaganda, or college for the diffusion of the
Christian faith, is on an extensive scale, contain-
ing a number of youths of different nations, and a
press for printing books in more than thirty lan-
guages ; but the fame of modern Rome lies not in
literature, but in the fine arts. It has long been a
resort for painters, sculptors, and architects, from
various couutric?. The private collections of pic-
BO
ROM"
633
turea, statues, and antiquities, are numerous and
extensive. — Of the libraries, by far the largest is
that of the Vatican : an immense collection, but
deficient in late publications. — Pop. in 1817,
131,000, of whom 9,000 were Jews. The num-
ber of Catholic inhabitants connected with the
church, as priests, monks, or nuns, is computed at
7,000 or 8,000.
Rmne t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 22 m. N. Augus-
ta. Pop. 505.
Rome, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y.on the Mohawk, 15
m. N. W. Utica, 108 W. N. W. Albany. Pop.
2,000. The courts of the county are held alter-
nately here and at Whitesboro'. Rome stands oa
the site of the celebrated Fort Stanwix. It is at
the head of boat navigation on the river, which is
here connected with Wood creek by a canal 1^
miles in length, navigable for boats of 15 tons.
The village contains about 200 houses and stores,
a brick courthouse and jail, a Presbyterian meet-
ing-house, a brick arsenal belonging to the State,
and an elegant stone arsenal belonging to the U.
States. The Erie canal runs about 80 rods west
of the village. Rome is situated at the meeting
of a number of important roads, and is a place of
considerable business.
Rome, t. Athens co. Ohio.
Romelsoe, small islands in the gulf of Botlinia.
Lon. 21° E. Lat. 64° 55 N.
Romen, or Romni, t. Eu. Russia, in Poltava, 100
m. N. N. W, Poltava, 112 E. S. E. Czemigov.
Romersladt, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 27
m. N. Olmutz. Pop. 1,000.
Romescamps, t. France, in Oise, 6 m. N. W.
Grand villiers. Pop. 1,100.
Romelta, t. Sicily, in the Val di Denaona, 5 ra.
N. W. Messina.
Romford, t. Eng. in Essex, 17 m. S. W. Chelms-
ford, 12 E. N. E. London. Pop. 3,244.
Romhild, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 17
m. S. S. E. Meinungen. Pop. 1,600.
Romilcy, or Romleigh, t. Eng. in Cheshire, near
Altrincham. Pop. 1,015.
Romilly, t. France, in Aube, 12 m. E. Nogent
sur Seine, 23 X. E. Troyes. Pop. 2,000.
RomiUy sur Andelle, t. France, in Eure, near
Pont del' Arche. Pop. 1,300.
Romishom, or Romanshorn, t. Switzerland, in
Thurgau, on the lake of Constance, 1 1 m. E. S. E.
Constance.
Romkala, the ruins of a large castle on the Eu-
phrates, 60 m. N. E. Aleppo.
Romney, JVetv, t. Eng. in Kent, one of the
Cinque Ports, on a rising ground in the centre of
Romney Marsh. Romney Marsh is an extensive
level of the richest pasture land in England. 71
m. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 56' E. Lat. 50° 59' N.
Pop. 850.
Romney, t. Keot co. Up. Canada, on lake Erie.
Rovmey, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Va. on the
W. side of the S. W, branch of the Potomac, 50
m. N. Winchester, 1 90 N. W. Richmond. It con-
tains a courthouse and jail, and about 70 dwel-
ling-houses.
Romoraniin, U France, in Loir-and-Cher, 25
m. S. E. Blois. Pop. 6,000.
Romrod, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22
m. iN. W. Fulda. Pop. 900.
Romsdal, district, Norway, in Drontheim.
Chief town, Christiansund.
Ramsey, or Rtimsey, t. Eng. in Hants, on the
Test, 8 m. N. N. W. Southampton, 74 W. by S.
London, Lon. 1° 31' W. Lat 50'59'N. Pop. 5,217
634
R O O
R OS
Romsoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Great Belt.
Lon. 10" 48' E. Lat. 55° 30' N.
Romulus, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the W. side of
Cayuga lake, 10 m. N. Ovid, 200 W. Albany.
Pop. 2,766.
Romsee, t. Netherlands, 5 m. from Liege. Pop.
1,000.
RoTia, small isl. in the Northern ocean, 16
leagues N. W. the Butt of Lewis. Lon. 6" W,
Lat. 58° 32' N.
Ronaldshay, JVorth, small isl. of the Orkneys, 2
miles long, 2 leagues N. of the isle of Sanday.
Ronaldshay, South, the most southern of the
Orkney islands, six miles long. Pop. 1,600.
Roncador, small isl. in the Carribean sea, 35
m, E. N. E. Old Providence. Lon. 80° 4' W. Lat.
13° 32' S.
Roncaglia, v. Italy, in Parma, on the Po, 8 m.
E. Piacenza.
Roncesvallcs, t. Spain, in Navarre, 14 m. N. N.
E. Pampeluna.
Ronciglione, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
12 m. S. Viterbo, 30 N. N. W. Rome.
Roncq, L France, in North, 8 m. N. Lisle. Pop.
2,900.
Ronda, t. Spain, in Granada, on the Guadiaro,
romantically situated on the top of a mountain.
The chief manufactures are leather and silk stuffs.
The environs are well cultivated and fertile. Pop.
of the town and suburbs, 20,000. 38 ni. W. by N.
Malaga, 48 S. E. Seville.
Ronde, Rhonde Island, or Redonda, one of the
Grenadines, dependant on the island of Grenada,
in the W. Indies. Lon. 61° 39' W. Lat. 12° 19' N.
Rondehaye, La, v. France, in La Manche, 6 m.
N. Coutances. Pop. 1,000.
Rondizone, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. N. E. Turin.
Pop. 2,500.
Ronne, or Ronde, t. Denmark, in the island of
Bornholm, 93 m. E. S. E. Copenhagen. Pop.
2,200.
Ronneburg, t. Germany, in Altenburg, belong-
ing to Saxe-Gotha, 12 m. S. W. Altenburg, 60 W.
Dresden. Lon. 12° 5' E. Lat. 50" 48' N. Pop.
2,600.
Ronnen, small isl. Denmark, near the N. W.
coast of Laaland. Lon. 11° 15' E. Lat. 56" 5' N.
Ron7iow, t. Bohemia, 7 m. S. E. Czaslau. Pop.
900.
Ronsberg, t. Bohemia, 24 m. W. N. W. Klattau.
Pop. 1,300.
Ronsdorf, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 14 m. S. S. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,400.
Rooderpore, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 79° 29' E.
Lat.29"l'N.
Roody Sand, or Waveren, a district in the terri-
tory of the Cape of Good Hope, situated behind
the mountains of Drakenstein. It abounds in
grain, pulse, fruits, and wine. 70 m. E. of Cape
Town.
Roog. See Baliic Port.
Roonay, t. Bengal, in Birbhoora. Lon. 87° E.
Lat. 24° 26' N.
Roopnagur, t. Hindostan, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75°
52' E. Lat. 26" 39' N.
Roopoor, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the S. E. bank of
the riv«r Suttelege. Lon. 75° 50' E. Lat. 31°
7'N.
Roosebecke, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8
m. N. Courtrai, 20 S. W. Ghent. Pop. 4,000.
Rooserille, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Roots, t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. S. Raveftfla.
Pop. in 1815, 400.
Roosseivdael, I. Netherlands, in North Brabant^
7 m. E, N. E. Bergen-op-Zoom. Pop. 4,600.
Roque, point on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 35°
45' W. Lat. 5" 3' S.
Roque d'' Jlntheron, t. France, in Mouths-of-thc-
Rhone, 15 m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 1,300.
Roquebrou, t. France, in Cantal, 14 m. W. An
rillac, 22 S. W. Mauriac. Pop. 1,300.
Roquebrune, t. France, in Var, 12 m. S. by E.
Draguignan. Pop. 1,700.
Roqv^brussanne, i. France, in Var, 16 m. N.
Toulon. Pop. 1,500.
Roquecort, L France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 20
m.N. E.Agen. Pop. 1,500.
Roquecourbe, t. France, in Tarn, S^m. N. N. E.
Castres. Pop. 1,500.
Roquefeuil, t. France, in Aube, 22 m. S. W. Li-
moux. Pop. 900.
Roquefort, t. France, in Landes, 14 m. N. E-
Mont de Marsan. Pop. 1,400.
Roquelaure, t. France, in Gers, 6 m. N. Auch-
Pop. 1,800.
Roquemaure, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. N. Avig-
non. Pop. 3,200.
Roquepic, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 65° 14
E. Lat. 9" 56' N.
Roquetaillade, fief, Buckingham co. Lowei
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 5 m.
S. VV. Three- Rivers.
Roque Timbaut, t. France, in Lower Garonne,
8 ra. N. E. Agen. Pop. 1,200;
Roquevaire, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
14 m. N. E. Marseilles, 15 S. by E. Aix. Pop.
3,100.
Roraas, t, Norway, in Drontheim, 67 m. S. S. E.
Drontheim. Pop. 3,000.
Rorgen, t. Prussian province of the Lojver
Rhine, near Aix-la-Chapelle. Pop. 3,000.
Rorschach, or Roschach, t. Switz. on the lake of
Constance, 6 m. N. E. St. Gall. Pop. 2,800.
Rosa, Mount, mountain, Switzerland, next to
Mont Blanc, the highest in Europe. It is between
the canton of the Valais and Piedmont, to the
east of Mont Cervin. Height, according to Saus-
sure, 15,600 feet above the level of the sea ; ac-
cording to sir George Shuckburgh, 15,240 feet.
Rosalgate, the E. point of Arabia. Lon. 60° 10'
E. Lat. 22" 20' N.
Rosani, cape, Eu. Turkey, on the coast of Ro-
mania. Lon. 24° 14' E. Lat. 40" 35' N.
Rosana, orRoscienie, i. Russia, in Grodno, 56 m.
S. by W. Novogrodek.
Rosaria, El, t. Mexico, in Sonora, 400 m. N. W.
Mexico. Lon. 106" 9' VV.Lat. 23°28'N. Pop. 5,600.
Rosario, t. Buenos Ayres, 75 m. S. Santa Fe.
Lon. 60" 51' W. Lat. 32" 56' S.
Rosario, r. New Grenada, in Carthagena,
which communicates with the Magdalena, and
with the Cauca.
Rosarno, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 5 m. S.
S. E. Nicotera, 30 N. by E. Reggio. Pop. 2,500.
Rosas, (an. Rhodia,) i. Spain, on the coast of
Catalonia, 22 m. N. E. Cerona. Lon. 3" 10' 13"
E. Lat. 43° 16' 6'' N. Pop. 2,600.
Rosate, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. S. W. Mi-
Ian.
Rosbach, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m. W. Lutzen,
9 S. S.W. Merseburg. It is remarkable for the
victory obtained by the Prussians, under Freder-
ick II. over the French, in November 1757. Pop.
500.
Rosbach, Upper, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darm
R O S
atadt, 10 m. N. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop.
1,000.
Rosbegh, Point, cape on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9" 52' W Lat. 52" 6' N.
Roschestvensk, t. Eu. Russia, 32 m. S, by W. St.
Petersburg.
Roschild, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
15 m. W. Copenhagen.
Roscof, t. France, in Finisterre, on the coast, 3
m. N. St. Pol de Leon. Pop, 2,500.
Roscommon, county, Ireland, bounded S. by Gal-
way, W. by Mayo, N. by Sligo, N. E. by Leitrim,
E. by Longford and Westmeath. It is a flat open
country, in some places sprinkled with rocks and
extensile bogs. Area, 541 square miles. Pop.
36,000.
Roscommon, t. Ireland, in the above county, 36
m. N. E. Galway, 68 N. x\. W. Dublin. Lon. 8°
3' W. Lat. 53" 35' N.
Roscommon, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y.
Ruse, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 335.
Rose's Island, small isl. of Florida, at the en-
trance into Pensacola bay.
Rose Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca. Lon. 146" 50' W. Lat. 58'' 35' N.
Roseau, or Charlotte Town, the capital of Dom-
inica, in the W. Indies, is on a point of land on
the S. W. side of the island, between two bays.
Lon. 61" 27' W. Lat. 15" 25' N.
Roseburg, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa.
Rosemarket, v. Wales, in Pembi-oke, 4 m. from
Haverford West.
Rose Mills, p-v. Amherst co. Va.
Rosenau, or Rosnau, t. Hungary, 9 m. N. E.
Gomer, 24 N. Caschau. It is the see of a bishop.
Pop. 3,200.
Rosenau, t. Transylvania, 7 m. S. W. Cronstadt.
Rosenberg, t. Hungary, on the Waag, 23 m. N.
by E. Neusohl. Pop. 2, 1 00.
Rosenberg, t. West Prussia, 11 m. E. Marien-
werder. Pop. 1,100.
Rosenberg, t. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 22 m. S.
Budweis. Pop. 1,200.
Rosenberg, t. Baden, 37 m. E. by N. Heidelberg.
Pop. 800.
Rosenberg, t. Prussian States, 24 m. E. N. E.
Oppeln. Pop. 1,400.
Rosenburg, Great, v. Prussian Saxony, on the
Saale, 16 m. S. S. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,000.
Rosendorf, v. Bohemia, 28 m. E. S. E. Dresden.
Pop. 1,000.
Roseness, cape on the S. coast of the island of
Pomona. Lon. 2" 42' VV. Lat. 58" 45' N.
Rosenfeld, t. Wirtemberg, 38 m. S. S. W. Stut-
gard. Pop. 1,000,
Rosengyn, one of tlie Banda isles, 7 m. S. E.
Lantore.
Rosenheim, t. Bavaria, on the Inn, 38 m. W.
Salzburg. Pop. 1,700.
Rosenthal, t. Bohemia, 20 m. S. Budweis. Pop.
1,200.
Rosenthal, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 12 m.
N.Marburg. Pop. 1,100.
Rosenthal, or Rozmital, t. Bohemia, 40 m. S. S.
W.Prague. Pop. 1,100.
Roses, Islands of, 2 small islands near the E.
coast of Africa. Lat. 17" S.
Roseto, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 13 m.
W. S. W. Lucera. Pop, 2,800,
Rosetta, a city of Egypt, situated near the mouth
of that branch of the Nile called by the ancients
the Bolbitine, but now the canal of Rosetta, The
, Egypt in carried on chiefly from
R O S
635
the port of Alexandria ; but Rosetta forms the me-
dium of communication between that city and
Cairo, Rosetta is better built than Alexandria :
the houses are not, as in most parts of Egypt,
composed of mud, but of brick. Compared with
other eastern cities, it has a neat and pleasing ap-
pearance, and is distinguished by the beauty of its
environs. The merchants residing at Rosetta are
chiefly Turks, and natives of Syria. A considera-
ble proportion of ths population consists of Copts.
Lon. 30" 28' E. Lat. 31" 24' N.
Roseville, p-v. Dela%vare co. N. Y.
Rosheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 14 m. W.
by S. Strasburg. Pop. 3,400.
Rosienie, t. Eu. Russia, in Wilna, 76 m. S. Mit~
tau, 100 N. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 41" 57' E. Lat.
55"30'N.
Rosieres, t. France, in Somme, 17 m. E. by S.
Amiens, Pop. 2,800.
Rosieres aux Salins, t. France, in Meurthe, on
the river Meurthe, 6 m. W. Luneville, 12 S. E.
Nancy. Pop. 2,200.
Hosiers, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. N.
W. Saumur, 18 S. E. Angers. Pop. 3,800.
Rosiers, Cape, the S. cape at the mouth of the
river St. Lawrence, in the district of Gaspe,
Lower Canada. Lon. 63" 40' W. Lat. 48° 56' N.
Rosignano, t. Sardinian States, 6 m. S. Casale,
Pop. 2,000.
Rosito, cape, Italy, on the E. coast of Calabria.
Lon. 16" 40' E. Lat. 40" 5' N.
Rosla, t, Prussian Saxony, 36 m, W, Halle, 10
S. S.E. Stolberg. Pop. 1,400.
Roslavl, t. ^u. Russia, in Smolensko, 60 ra. S.
S. E. Smolensk. Pop. 4,000.
Rostin, v. Scotland, in Mid-Lothian, remarkable
for an ancient chapel and castle. Roslin castle is
on a rock in a deep glen, and is accessible only by
a bridge of great height. 7 m. S. W. Edinburgh.
Rosmalen, v. Netherlands, in Nortli Bi-abant, 3
m. N. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,100.
Rosman^s,Y)-v. Belmont co. Ohio.
Rosmarinhal, t. Portugal, 8 m. W. Alcantara,
in Spain, 51 E. Abrautes.
Rosmarino, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 1 1
m. N. E. Mistretta.
Rosny, v. France, near the Seine, 3 m. W.
Mantes. It is the birthplace of the duke of Sully,
minister to Henry IV.
Rosoy, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 17 m.N.
E. Mel'un. Pop. 1,500.
Rosoy, t. France, in Aisne, 25 m. N. E. Laon,
Pop, 1,400,
Ross, county, Scotland, bounded N. by Suther-
land, E. by Cromarty and Moray frith, S. by In-
verness-shire, and W. by the ocean. Area, 2,070
square miles. Pop, 60,853.
Ross, t. Eng. in Hereford co. on the Wye. The
Man of Ross, celebrated by Pope, was John Kyrle,
who resided here, and spent his income in acts of
benevolence. 12 m. S, E, Hereford, 115 W, by
N.London. Lon, 2° 35' W. Lat 51" 54' N, Pop,
2,261.
Ross, s-p. Ireland, in Cork co, on a bay to which
it gives name, 25 m, S. W. Cork.
Ross, t. Alleghany co. Pa, Pop. 1,327.
Ross, co, Ohio, watered by the Scioto. Pop. in
1819, 18,200. Chief town, Chillicothe.
Ross, t, Greene co, Ohio.
Ross, t, Butler co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 8 m. be-
low Hamilton.
Ross, JVew, s-p, Ireland, in Wexford co. on the
Barrow, which is navigable to the town for vessels
^6^
ROT
of 400 tons. 17m. W. Wexford, 1 1 N. E. Water-
ford. Lon. 6" 58' W. Lat. 52" 22' N.
Rosmno, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 30 m. N.
E. Cosenza, 110 N. N. E. Reggio. Lon. 16° 44'
E. Lat. 39° 38' N. It is the see of au archbishop.
Pop. 7,000.
Rossberg, a mountain of the interior of Switzer-
land, near the E. bank of the lake of Zug. A part
of the mountain fell in 1806 and buried a village,
destroying more than 100 hunlan lives.
Ros.idorf, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 10
m. N. N. W. Meinungen. Pop. 900.
Rosiel, t. East Prussia, 51 m. S. S. E. Konigs-
berg. Pop. 2,300.
Rossena, t. Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 14 m.
a. S. E. Parma.
Rossie, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river
St. Lawrence, above Ogdensburg.
Rossleben, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut,
23 m. W. Merseberg. Pop. 1,100.
Rossville, p-v. York co. Pa.
Rossville, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the great Mi-
ami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 1,321.
Rossiille,t. New Madrid co. Missouri.]
Rossville, p-v. in the Cherokee nation. Ten. on
the S. side of Tennessee river, 4 m. below the
mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 S. S. W.
Washington, (Ten.)
Rosswein, or Ruspen, t. Saxony, on the Frey-
berg Mulda, 24 m. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,700.
Rostak, city of Ommon, in Arabia, 70 m. W.
Maskat.
Rostock, t. Germany, in the grjnd duchy of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Warnow, 8 miles
from its mouth. It is the largest place, and the
only seaport of consequence in the states of the
grand duke. It has a university with 20 profes-
sors, and about 170 students. Its chief export
is corn. The annual number of arrivals, great
and small, is about 600 sail. It was the birth-
place of marshal Blucher, and is 40 m. W. S. W.
Stralsund. Pop. 13,000.
Rostorf, v. Hanover, 3 m. S. W. Gottingen.
Rostov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, 40 m. S. S. W.
Jaroslav. Pop. 5,000.
Rostov, t. Eu. Russia, on the Don, between
Azov and Tschcrkask.
Roslrencn, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 25 m.
S. S. W. Guingamp, 33 S. W. St. Brieux. Pop.
1,500.
Rota, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the N. side of
Cadiz bay, 7 m. N. N. W. Cadiz. Pop. 6,000.
Rotai, or Roltc, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 27
m. S. W. Timor.
Rotas. See Rhotas.
Rotebro, t. Sweden, in Upland, 30 m. N. N. W.
Stockholm.
Rolenburg, t. Switzerland, 4 m. N. Lucerne.
Rotenburg, t. Hanover, 24 m. E. Bremen, 14 N.
N. E. Verden. Pop. 800.
Roth, t. Wirtembergr, 25 m. S. Ulm, 12 E. S. E.
Biberach. Pop. 900. '^
Rothbaek, v. Bavarian States, 3 m. N. W. Ait-
dorf.
Rotkberg. Sec Rougemonl.
Rothehuiie, v. Hanover, near Elbingerode. Pop.
700.
Roikenaeker, v. Wirtemberg, on the Danube,
14 m. above Ulm. Pop. 1,100.
Rothenberg, one of the twelve departments into
which the kingdom of Wirtemberg was divided
in 1810. It contains Stutgard, the capital of the
kingdom Area, 3*10 square mUes. Pop. 112,000.
ROT
Rothenbueh, t. Bavarian States, 13 m. E. by S.
Aschaffenburg. Pop. 800.
Rothenburg on the Tauber, t. Bavarian States,
28 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg, 18 W. N. W. Anspach.
Pop. 5,700.
Rothenburg, t. Prussian States, on the Neisse,
12 m. N. Gorlitz, 55 E. N. E. Dresden. Pop.
900.
Rothenburg, v. Prussian Saxony, on the Saale,
13 m. N. N. W. Halle. Pop. 800.
Rothenburg, t. Germany, in the electorate of
Hesse, on the river Fulda, 23 m. S. S. E. Cassel,
9 N. Hersfeld. Pop. 3,000.
Rothenfeld, t. Baden, on the Murg, 6 m. E. S. E.
Rastadt. Pop. 900.
Rotkenfels, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 15
m. W. N. W. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,400.
Rother, r. Eug. which forms the boundary for a
short way between Sussex and Kent, and falls in-
to the English channel at Rye.
Rotherham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near the con-
fluence of the Rother and Don. Here is an acad-
emy for the education of Protestant dissenters,
more particularly the Independents, proposing to
become clergymen. Here also are very exten-
sive iron and steel works, in which are manufac-
tured cannon of the largest calibre, and almost ev-
ery kind of cast iron articles. 6 m. N. E. Shef-
field, 160 N. N. W, London. Lon. 1" 22' W. Lat.
53°25'N. Pop. 2,950.
Rotherhiihe, parish, Eng. in Surry, on the
Thames, about a mile and a half E. of London
bridge, noted for its dock-yards. Pop. 12,114.
Rothesay, or Rothsay, royal burgh, Scotland, on
the N. E. coast of the island of Bute, at the bot-
tom of an extensive bay. It is extensively enga-
ged in the herring fishery.
Rothesay, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of A*
merica. Lon. 227° 46' E. Lat. 56° 37' N.
Rothe Sund, (Red Sound,) strait of the Baltic,
between the Danish islands of Falster and La-
land.
Rothewisch, v. Saxony, a few miles from Plauen.
Pop. 2,000.
Rothschen-salm, s-p. Finland, on the gulf of Fin-
land, 11 m. W. S. W. Fredericksham. Lon. 27"
I'E. Lat.60"27'5T'N.
Rothu'cil, Upper, v. Baden, 13 m. N. W. Frei-
burg. Pop. 1,100.
Rotlmell, V. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 4 m. N,
W. by W. Kettering, 78i N. W. by N. London.
Pop. 1,451.
Rothwell, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. by E.
Wakefield. Pop. 5,004.
Rotselar, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, '9
m. N. by W. Louvain. Pop. 1,600.
Rotte, r. Netherlands, in South Holland, which
falls into the Maese, at Rotterdam.
Rottel, r. Austria, which falls into the Danube,
near the castle of Ottersheim.
Rottenburg, t. Wirtemberg, separated by the
Neckar from Ehingen. Pop. 4,700.
Rotterdam, a large commercial city in Soutli
Holland, on the N. bank of the Maese, which here
resembles an arm of the sea, although nearly 20
miles from its mouth. Though not fortified,
it is surrounded by a moat, and entered by six
gates towards the land, and four towards the wa-
ter. It is traversed by the Rotte, a river, or rath-
er broad canal, which here joins the Maese. Rot-
terdam is intersected, •ven more than other towns
in HoUaxkl, by cnnah, almost all of which are bar-
R O V
dered with trees. The houses are rather conven-
ient thao elegant. Their height is four, five, or
six stories. The principal public buildings are
the exchange, the great church of St. Lawrence,
the town-house, the admiralty, the academy, the
theatre, and the extensive buildings of the East
India company. Erasmus was born here in 1467.
As a commercial city, Rotterdam has various ad-
vantages. Its broad and deep canals bring vessels
of large burden close to the doors of the merchants'
warehouses. It has in several respects greater ac-
commodation than Amsterdam, the Maese being
open, and the passage free from ice, earlier than
the Zuyder Zee, and a single tide sufficing to car-
ry vessels to the German ocean. During the late
wars in Europe, its commerce was greatly de-
pressed, but since the overthrow of Bonaparte it
has rapidly revived. 14 ra. S. E. Hague, 36 S. by
W. Amsterdam. Low. 4" 29' E. Lat. 51° 63' N.
Pop. 36,000.
Rotterdam, or Constantia, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y.
Roltingen, t. Bavarian state?, on the Tauber,
9 m. N. E. Mergentheim. Pop. 1.200.
Rottiveil, t. Wirtemberg, 46 m. S. S. W. Stut-
•ard, 42 N. W. Constance. Pop. 2,900.
Rotunda, small isl. in the Atlantic ocean, 3
leagues E. Granada. Lat. 1 1" 56' N.
Rou, or Pido Rou, smallish in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Malacca. Lon. 102" 10' E. Lat.
6° 43' N.
Rouad, or Ruad, (an. Aradus,) isl. offthe coast
of Syria, nearly opposite Tortosa. Lon. 36" 37' E.
Lat. 34° 51' N.
Rovado, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. W. N.W. Bres-
cia. Pop. 5,000.
Rouanne. See Roanne.
Rouans, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 20 m.
W. Nantes. Pop. 2,100.
Rovasio, t. Piedmont, 13 m. N. Vercelli. Pop.
2,500.
Roubaix, t. France, dep. of the North, 6 m. N.
Lisle, 12 N. W. Turnay, 24 N. Douay. Pop.
8,000.
Roubion, r. France, which falls into the Rhone
at Montelimart.
Roucif, t. France, on the river Aisne, 11 m. 6.
E. Laon. Pop. 90O.
Rouen, city, France, cap. of the Lower Seine,
on the right bank of the Seine, 70 miles from its
mouth, in a fertile and pleasant country. Among
the public buildings arc the. cathedral, built by
William the Conqueror, and said to be one of the
finest specimens of Gothic architecture in France ;
the church of St. Ouen, and that of St. Maclou.
Of the curiosities, the most interesting is the
bridge of boats over the Seine. Instead of piers,
it rests on 19 large barges, which fall and rise
with the ebb and flow of the tide. It is about to
be replaced by an elegant stone bridge, which is
already (1820) in a state of progress. Rouen is
one of the principal manufacturing towns in
France, especially in the article of cotton goods.
It has likewise manufactures of woollens, linens,
and in a smaller degree, of iron ware, paper, hat^,
and pottery. The annual value of all the manu-
factures is estimated at 2,000,000/. sterling, and
the number of persons employed, at 50,000. The
Seine at Rouen is from 500 to 800 feet in width,
and with the aid of the tide brings up vessels of
150 or 200 tons. 43 m. E. Havre, 80 W. N. W.
Paris. Lon. 1° 6' E. Lat. 49" 26' N. Pop. 87,000.
Roverbello, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. N. W.
tua.
ROW
est
ir
Rover edo, or Rover eith, t. Austrian states, and
chief place of a district in Tyrol, near the left
bank oi the Adige. 28 m. N. Verona, 12 S. by
W. Trent. Lon. 11° E. Lat. 45° 55' N. Fop.
6,000.
Rouergue, formerly a province in the S. of
France, now forming the department of the Avey-
ron.
Roversano, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
20 m. VV. Rimini.
Rouffach, or Ruffach, t. France, in Upper
Rhine, 9 m. S. W. Colmar, 23 N. Altkirch. Pop.
3,300.
Rouge, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 4 m. N.
W. Nantes. Pop. 2,200.
Rouge river, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into Detroit river, 5 miles below Detroit. It u
navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water, 4
miles, to the dock yard, thence for boats drawing
3 feet water, 8 miles.
Rougemont, t. France, in Doubs, 22 m. N. by
E. Besancon. Pop. 1,200.
Rougemont, v. Switz. in Vaud, 18 m. E. Vevay,
Rough Skelly, cape on the E. coast of Scotland.
Lon. T 28' W. Lat. 36" 36' N.
Rovigno, t. Austrian States, on the coast of Is-
tria, on a rock which projects into the sea, and
forms two good harbours. 40 m. S. Triest, 37 S.
W. Fiume. Pop. 10,000.
Ravigo, a delegation of Austrian Italy, separa-
ted by the Po from the States of the Church. Ex-
tent, 350 square miles. Pop. 63,000.
Rorigo, t. Austrian Italy, and cap. of the above
delegation, is on the Adigetto, a branch of the
Adige. 18 m. N N E. Ferrara, 35 S. S. W. Ve-
nice. Lon. 11° 48' E. Lat. 45° 4' N. Pop. 9,000.
Rouillac, t. France, in Charente, 14 m. N. W.
Angouleme. Pop. 1,200.
Roujan, t. France, in Herault, 4 m. N. E. Be-
ziers. Pop. 1,000.
Roulers, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, on
the Mandel, a small river which falls into the Lye.
12 m. N. N. E. Ypres, 18 S. Bruges. Pop. 8,500.
Round Island, isl. in Bristol bay, on the N. W.
coast of America. Lon. 200" 6' E. Lat. 58° 37' N.
Round Key, small isl. near the coast of Missis-
sippi, 3 m. N. Horn island.
Round Lick, p-v. Smith co. Tennessee.
Round Top, a peak of the Catskill mountains, in
New-York, 3,804 feet above the level of the sea-
Rounda, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 75° 47' E.
Lat. 20° 34' N.
Rovno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 115 m. N.
E. Lemberg. Pop. 3,300.
Rouse'' a Point, Lower Canada, the W. point at
tlie outlet of Lake Champlain through Sorel riv-
er, a little above the 45th degree of N. lat.
Roussillon, before the revolution a province iu
the south of France, now forming the department
of the Eastern Pyrenees.
Rov^iiUon, t. France, in here, 12 m. S. S. W.
Vienne. Pop. 1,500.
Routot, t. France, in Eure, 9 m. E. by N. Pont
Audemer. Pop. 1,100.
RouviUe, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana-
da, on the river Sorel, 19 m. E. Montreal.
Rouvray, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 47 m. W. by
N. Dijon. Pop. 800.
Rowan, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop. 21,543.
Slaves, 3,757. Chief town, Salisbury.
Rowe, t. Franklin co. Mass. 17 m. N. W. Green-
field, 103 W. N, W. Bostso. Pop. 839.
638
R S H
RUG
Rowley, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 15 m. N. Salem,
28 N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,682.
Rowley, King's, t. Eug. in Staffordshire, 2 m.
S. E. Dudley. Pop. 4,974.
Roxhorough, t. St. Ormont co. Up. Canada.
Roxborough, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the
Schuylkill, 7 m. N. W. Pliiladelpliia. Pep. 1,252.
Roxborough, p-t. and cap. Person co. N. C.
jRox6wrg/i, sometimes called Teviotdak, co. Scot-
land, bounded E. and S. E. by Northumberland,
S. by Northumberland and Cumberland, S. W.
and W. by Dumfries and Selkirk, and N. and N.
W. by Berwickshire. Extent, about 700 square
miles. Pop. 37,230.
Roxburgh, city, Scotland, in Roxburgh co. It
stood on a peninsula formed by the junction of
the Teviot and the Tweed, about a mile S. W.
of Kelso.
Roxbury, t. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. N. Windsor.
Pop. 686.
Roxbury, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 37 m. S. W.
Concord.
Roxbury, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 2 m. S. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 3,669. It was first settled in 1630, and
is divided into 3 parishes.
Roxbury, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 32 m. N. W. New
Haven, 46 S W. Hartford. Pop. 1,217.
Roxbury, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 22 m. E.
Delhi, 56 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,892.
Roxbury, t. Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. Trenton.
Pop. 1,563.
Roxbury, or Leverings, p-v. Philadelphia co.
Pa.
Roxbury, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 403.
Roxbury, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Roxo, cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0" 50' W. Lat. 37° 53' x\.
Roxton, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal,
Roxwell, t. Eng. in Essex, 4i m. W. N. W.
Chelmsford. Pop. 751.
Roy Barcily, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 81" 12' E.
Lat. 26° 10' N.
Royal, p-t. Sampson co. N. C .
Royal Isle, large isl. Lake Superior, about 40
miles long, and 13 wide. Lon. 89° W. Lat. 47°
52' N.
Royahtown, p-t. Lancaster co. Ohio.
Royalton, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on White river,
25 m. N. Windsor. Here is an academy. Pop.
1,758.
Royalton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 m. N. W.
Worcester, 70 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1 ,415.
Royalton, t. Niagara co. N. Y.
Royalton, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Lan-
caster.
Royan, t. France, in Lower Charente, at the
mouth of the Gironde, 14 m. S. by E. Marennes.
Pop. 2,700.
Roye, t. France, in Somme, 28 m. E. by S.
Amiens. Pop. 3,100,
Roypoor, t. Bengal, in Midnaporc. Lon. 87° E.
Lat. 24° 48' N.
Royston, t. Eng. in Hertford and Cambridge
counties, 22 m. S. by E. Huntingdon, 37 N. Lon-
don. Lon. 0° r W. Lat. 52° 4' N. Pop. 1,309.
Royton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4i m. S. by E.
Rochdale. Pop. 3,910.
Roznow, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 35 m.
E. Olmutz. Pop. 2,300.
Rshev-Volodimirov, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, on
both sides of the Wolga, which is navigable here.
144 m. W. N. W. Moscow, 278 S. S. E. St. Pe-
tersburg. Pop. 7,400.
Ruabon, v. North Wales, in Denbigh, 5 m.
from Wrexham. Pop. 1,137.
Ruatan, isl. in the bay of Honduras, 30 milea
long, and 9 wide ; naturally fortified by rocks and
shoals. Lon. 86° 45' W. Lat. 16° 23' N.
Rubicon, the ancient name of a river in the N.
E. of Italy, which flowed into the Adriatic to the
N. of Rimini, supposed to be modern Luso.
Rubiessou; t. Poland, 29 m. E. by N. Zamoski,
30 S. S. E. Chelm.
Rubio, cape of the Mediterranean, on the N.
W. coast of the island of I vica. Lon. r2rE. Lat.
39° 5' N.
Ruchibucto, settlement, on the N. E. coast of
New-Brunswick, about 50 m. from the S. point of
the province.
Ruckingen, t. Germany, in Hcsse-Cassel, 5 m.
E. Hanau.
Rudaw, t. East Prussia, 14 m. N. N. W. Konigs-
berg.
iii{rfe/s/arf/,t. Prussian states, 20m.W. Schweid-
nitz. Pop. 1,200.
Ruden, small isl. in the Baltic, on the coast of
Pomerania. Lon. 13° 48' E. Lat. 53° 40' N.
Ruden. See Ruthen.
Rudesheim, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine, 15 m. W. Mentz. Pop. 2,000.
Rudgeky, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, near the S.
bank of the Trent. 9i m. E. S. E. Stafford, 131
N. W. London. Pop. 2,213.
Rudig, t. Bohemia, 23 m. E. S. E. Carlsbad.
Pop. 800.
Rudkioping, t. of the island of Langeland, in
Denmark, on the W. coast. Lon. 10" 47' 45" E.
Lat. 54° 55' N. Pop. 1,100.
Rudolphsiverth. See J\feusladlel.
Rudolstadf, t. Germany, 22 m. S. E. Erfurt.
Pop. 4,000.
Rudolstadt, principality. See Schwarzburg'
Rudolstadt.
Rudraprayaga, t. Hind, in Serinagur, at the
confluence of the rivers Alcananda and Calygan-
ga. Lon. 79° 2' E. Lat. 30° 19' N.
Rudstedt, Great, v. Germany, in the grand
duchv of Saxe-Weimar, 12 m. W. N. W. Wei-
mar.' Pop. 800.
Rxie, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which runs
into the Severn, 3 m. S. Welshpool.
Rue, or Ruu; t. Swiss canton of Friburg, 10 m.
W. Gruyeres, 12 N. E. Lausanne.
Rue, r. France, in Auvergne, which falls into
the Dordogne, near Bart.
Rue, t. France, in Somme, 14 m. N. W. Abbe-
ville. Pop. 1,100.
Ruedock, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which
runs into the Dee a mile from Bala.
Ruel, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 2,500.
Ruffach, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 8 m. S.
Colmar, 27 N. N. VV. Bale. Pop. 3,300.
Ruffec, t. France, in Charente, 24 m. N. An-
gouleme, 34 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,100.
Ruffietux, t. Savoy, 20 m. N. Chamberry. Pop.
1,100.
Riijla, or Rafeo, (an. Alpheus,) well known r.
Greece, in the Morea, which falls into the gulf of
Arcadia, opposite the island of Zante.
Rujisco, s-p. Kayor, in Africa, N. of the Gam-
bia, 60 m. W. N. W. Amboule.
Rugby, t. Eng. in Warwick co. on the S. side
of the Avon, It has a grammar school, now call-
fl U N
efl the college, which has more than 300 students,
and funds which yield 2,000/. per annum. 19 m.
i E. N. E. Warwick, 85 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 15'
I W. Lat.52"'23'N. Pop. 1,805.
Rugen, isl. in the Baltic, opposite Stralsund, on
i the coast of Pomerania, about 30 miles long, and
! from 15 to 25 broad. Area, 360 square miles.
Pop. 28,000. It was long subject to Sweden, but
was acquired by Prussia, with the rest of Pome-
; rania, in 1814.
Rugenwald, t. Prussian Pomerania, 23 m. W.
Stolpe, 38 E. N. E. Colberg. Lon. 16" 23' 45" E.
Lat. 54° 22' N. Pop. 2,500.
Rugged Isle, small isl. near the S. coast of Ire-
land, 'Lon. 9" 2' W. Lat. 51" 30' N.
Rugles, t. France, in Eure, 25 m. S. by W. Ev-
reux. Pop. 1,600.
Ruhla, t. Germany, belonging to Saxe-Gotha
and Saxe-Weimar. 14 m. W. by S. Gotha, 5 S.
E. Eisenach. Pop. 2,500.
Rufdand, t, Prussian states, on the Elster, 28 m.
N. by E. Dresden. Pop. 1,500.
Rxdinoe, or Run, small isl. in the Baltic, off the
coast of Livonia, belonging to Russia, 34 m. E. by
N. Domesness.
Ruib, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 leagues
from Waygoo. Lon. 130" 20' E. Lat. 0" 4' N.
Ruinenvold, v. Netherlands, in Drenthe, 17 m.
N. N. E. Zwolle. Fop. 1,000.
Rule, r. Scotland, in Roxburghshire, which
falls into the Teviot at Manslees.
Rullzhcim, V. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
11 m. E. Landau. Pop. 1,500.
Rum, isl. of the Hebrides, 9 miles long, and
from 5 to 7 broad. Lon. 6° 17' W. Lat. 57° N.
Pop. 600.
Riem Key, one of the Baliama islands, 8 or 9
leagues E. of Long Island.
Rumbcke, t, Netherlands, in West Flandei-s, 20
m. S. S. W. Bruges. Pop. 6,000.
Rwnburg, t. Bohemia, 58 m. N. Prague, 35 E.
Dresden. Pop. 2,700.
Rumelia. See Romagna.
Rumford, formerly the name of Concord, N. H.
Rumford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. N. Paris.
Pop. 629.
Rumford Academy, p-v. King William co. Va.
Rumigny, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. S. W.
Rocroy. Pop. 800.
Rum- Hi. See Romagna.
Rumilly, t. Savoy, 19 m. N. Chamberrv, '7 W,
S. W. Annecy. Pop. 3,100.
Rumley, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio.
Rummel, r. Algiers, which- passes by Constan-
tina, and joins the Wed el Kibeer, 18 miles be-
low.
Rummelsburg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 33 m.
E. S. E. Coslin. Pop. 1,500.
Rumney, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 7 m. N. W.
Plymouth. Pop. 794.
Ruvipst, t. Netherlands, 7 m. E. by S. Ant-
werp. Pop. 2,000.
Rumuorth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3^ m. W.bv
S. Great Bolton. Pop. 768.
Runala, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 74' 20' E.
Lat. 21" 17' N.
Runcorn, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4 m. N. by W.
Frodsham. Pop. 2,060.
Rtingpoor, called also Takhut Koondy, district,
Bengal, bounded N. by the Bootan mountains,
and E. by tlie river Brahmapootra. Rungpore,
thp. capital, is on th? F. bank of the Gogynt rircr.
R U S
639
and carries on a considerable trade with Bootan,
Assam, and Calcutta. Lon. 89" 5' E. Lat. 25 "
47' N.
Rungpore, an extensive fortress which defends
Gergong, the ancient capital of Assam. Lon. 94'
40' E. Lat. 26" 55' N.
Ru7ikel, t. Germany, in Nassau, on the Lahn, 5
m. E. Limburg.
Runnode, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78" 15' E.
Lat. 25° 7' N.
Runnymcde, a meadow, Eng. 5 m. E. Windsor,
in Surry, celebrated for the conference held there
on the loth June, 1215, between king John and
the Barons of England, when the former was
compelled to sign magiui charta, and charta de fo-
resta.
Ruolo, t. Italy, duchy of Modena, 8 m. N. N. E.
Novellara.
Rupebnonde, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders,
on the Scheldt, 8 m. S. by W. Antwerp, 26 E. by
N. Ghent. Pop. 2,000.
Rupersdorf, or Hoken Rupersdorf, t. Austria, oa
the Sulzbach, 17 m. N. N. E. Vienna. Pop.
2,300.
Rupert, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 32 m. N. Ben-
nington. Pop. 1,630.
Rupert's Bay, bay on the W. coast of Domini-
ca. Lon. 61" 18' W. Lat. 15° 40' N.
Rupert'' s Head, cape on the W. coast of Domi
nica. Lon. 61° 19' W. Lat. 15" 41' N.
Rupnagur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 74" 5' E.
Lat. 26° 43' N.
Ruppin, JVew, t. Prussian province of Branden-
burg, 35 m. N. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12" 55' E. Lat-
52° 50' N. Pop. 4,600.
Ruremonde, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, at the
influx of the Roer into the Maese. 27 m. N. by
E. Maestricht. Lon. 5" 59' E. Lat. 51" 12' N. Pop.
4,300.
Rusa, t. Eu. Russia, 68 m. W, Moscow. Pop
2,400.
Ruscek, or Ruschuk. See Ruslschtik.
Rusciud, r. Persia, which falls into the Persian
gulf, 48 m. W. Ormus.
Rusk, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 140.
Ru^h, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 831.
Riuk Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Hock
hocking, 7 m. below Lancaster.
Rush Creek, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Lan
caster. Pop. 497.
Rushford, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y.
Rushville, p-v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. L.
Lancaster, 26 S. W. Zanesville.
Riiss, t. East Prussia, on the Niemen, 28 m. P.
by E. Memel. Pop. 800.
Russ, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near tin
W. coast of Nassau. Lon. 99° 48' E. Lat. 2" 53' S
Russbach. Great, t. Austria, 20 ra. N. Vienna
Pop. 1,900. '
Russell, t. Russell co. Upper Canada.
Russell, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 25 m. £.
E. Ogdensburg. Pop, 394,
Russell, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. Spring
field. Pop. 422.
Russell, CO. in the S. W. part of Va. Pop. 6,316,
including 386 slaves. At the court-house is t
post-oflice.
Russellville, p-t. and cap. Logan co. Kentuckv
It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acade
my, a meeting-house, two printing offices, and
about 170 houses. It is nearly equi-distant fron.
Gvren nnd Cnmb-jrland! rivsrs. 35 mile? fron.
640
R U S
each, and situated in a very fertile country. 200
m. S. W, Lexington, 85 S. Louisville, 180 S. W.
Frankfort. Pop. in 1810, 532; in 1820, 1,712.
Russelsheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
on the Maine, 6 m. E. Mentz. Pop. 1 , 100.
Russey, t. France, in Doubs, on the river Doubs,
34 m. E. S. E. Besan^on. Pop. 900.
Russi, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 8 m.
N. E. Faenza.
Russia, the most extensive empire in the world,
reaches from Ion. 18° E. to 160° W. and from 43"
to 78° N. lat. It includes one half of Europe, one
third of Asia, and a portion of America; and it is
bounded N. by the Frozen ocean ; S. E. by the Pa-
cific; S. by the Chinese empire, Persia, and Tur-
key ; W. by the Austrian, Prussian, and Swedish
dominions. The boundaries of Piussia have re-
cently been much extended in every part of the
west and south, encroaching; upon Lapland, Swe-
den, Poland, Turkey, and Persia. On the side of
Sweden, the river Tornca, which falls into the
head of the gulf of Bothnia, is now the boundary;
on the side of European Turkey, the Pruth and
the Danube. Between the Black sea and the
Caspian, the Russian empire now extends to the
rivers Bathus and Kur, the former of which, di-
viding Russia from Armenia, falls into the Black
sea, in about lat. 42° N. ; the latter, rising near
the Bathus in the mountains of Armenia, falls into
ihe Caspian below lat. 40". Russia, therefore.
Slow embraces the provinces of Georgia, Daghes-
tan. and Shirvan, taken from Persia, and Min^re-
lia and Imirctta, taken from Asiatic Turkey. The
whole empire, including the late acquisitions,
contains about 8,000,000 sq. miles, and 48,000,000
inhabitants. It is divided into 53 governments.
Geographers are not agreed on the boundary be-
tween European and Asiatic Russia, but it is
common to assign 38,000,000 inhabitants, and
2,000,000 square miles, to European Russia.
European Russia consists chiefly of immense
plains, covered in many parts with forests. Ow-
ing to the flatness of the country, the rivers have
few falls, and many of them are navigable for an
immense distance, opening very extensive inland
communications. A short canal connecting the
Neva with the head waters of the Volga opens an
inland water communication between the Baltic
and the Caspian, and it is supposed that 4,000 ves-
sels pass on this route annually between St. Pc-
tersburgh and Astracan.
The chief seaports of Russia are Cronstadt and
Riga on the Baltic, Archangel on the White sea,
and Odessa on the Black sea. The chief exports
are hemp, fla.x, leather, tallow, potash, wax, soap,
timber, pitch, tar, train oil, peltry, and iron in
bars. The imports are sugar, cofiee, cotton, and
other colonial goods. The annual value of the
imports varies from 10 to 15 millions sterling, and
that of the exports is nearly the same.
The established religion is that of the Greek
church, with a free toleration, hov/cver, of all
sects, even Mahometans. The number of Cath-
olics is estimated at 5,500,000; of Lutherans,
2,500,000; Mahometans, 3,000,000. The num-
ber of churches throughout the empire is nearly
20,000 ; that of priests about 68,000.
Russian literature is as yet in its infancy. The
professors, and higher teachers in the towns, are
foreigners, generally Germans.
The Russian government wa3 till lately an ab-
solute monarchy. The title of the sovereign is
omperor and au'^ocra.t of all the Russia?. Thf
RUT
present emperor has declared the Russian govern-
ment to be a constitutional monarchy, and has
given the senate the right of remonstrating against
any ukase or edict contrary to law.
The national debt is about 35,000,000i, ster-
ling ; the interest at 7i per cent, is 2,250,000/.
The total revenue of Russia is loosely estimated
at 15,000,000/. sterling.
The army, according to the return of 1819,
consisted of 778,000 men, exclusive of militia and
irregular troops of various descriptions; viz. in-
fantry, 565 battalions, 613,000 men; cavalry, 563
squadrons, 118,000 men; artillery, 47,000 men.
The naval force of Russia consisted, in 1820, of
30 ships of the line, 20 frigates, 15 sloops, and 200
galleys. The men fit for the duty of the navy,
who can be called forth in time of war, are be-
tween 30,000 and 40,000.
Rtissia, Black, formerly the name of a subdi-
vision of Lithuania, which now forms a part of
the government of Minsk, in European Russia.
Russia, Great, the former name of a large prov-
ince of European Russia, extending from the Fro-
zen ocean to about the middle of the course of the
Don. It is now divided into 19 governments.
Russia, Little, was that part of tlie empire
tliat lay to the south of Great Russia, and now
forms the governments of Czernigov, Cherson,
Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, and Poltava,
Russia, Red, formerly an independent duchy,
which formed the palatinates of Chelm, Belcz,
and Lemberg in Poland, and now belongs partly
to Russia, but more to Austria.
Rmsia, White, was a part of Lithuania, which
now forms the governments of Smolensk, iVlohilev,
Vitepsk, and a small part of that of Minsk.
Russia, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on West Can-
ada creek, 26 m. N. Herkimer. Pop. 1,381.
Russoolpore, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 74" 58' E.
Lat. 25° 57' N.
Russou, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85° W E.
Lat. 28° 3' N.
Russwyl, t. Switz. 9 m. W. by N. Lucerne.
Rust, t. Hungary, 31 m. S. S. E. Vienna, 4 E.
N. E. Oedenburg. Lon. 16° 28' 1 1" E. Lat. 47"
40'40"N. Pop. 1,100:
Rust, t. Baden, 20 m. N. N. W. Freyburg, 4
W. Ettenheim. Pop. 1,500.
Rust, small isl. in the N. sea, 70 m. from the
coast of Norway. Lat. 67° 5' N.
Ruslenberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 9 m. W. Heili-
genstadt.
Ru Stoir, promontory of Scotland, in Suther-
landshirc. Lon. 2° 4' W. from Edinburgh. Lat.
58° 13' N.
Rustschuk, or Rucreh, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulga-
ria, at the influx of the Cara Lom into the Dan-
ube. It has a cai-tle of considerable strength,
with a population of 24,000, composed of Greeks,
Turks, Arminians, and Jews. 40 m. E. Nicopoli,
55 W. Semendria. Lon. 25° 15' E. Lat. 43°
52' N.
Rusimrp, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the banks
of the Esk, H m. S. W. by W. Whitby. Pop.
1,498.
Ruthen, or Ruden, t. Prussian .slates, 20 m. S,
W. Paderborn. Pop. 1,600.
Rutherford, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop.
13,202, including 979 slaves.
Rutherford, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 10,265,
including 2,701 slave?. Chief town, .Miirfrees-
borough .
S A A
S A A
641
Rutherfordton, p-t. and cap. Rutherford oo. N.
C>. 45 m. S. Morgantown. Here is an academy.
Rulherglen, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Lanark
CO. near the Clyde, 2J m. above Glasgow. Pop.
1,630.
Ruthiriy t. Wales, in Denbigh co. near the
Clywd. 15 m. S. W.HoUywell. Lon.3''irW,
Lat. 53°7'N. Pop, 1,292.
Rutigliano, t. Naples, in Bari, 20 m. W. Mon-
opoli. Pop. 4,300.
Rutlamgur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75° 26'
E. Lat. 23" 46' N.
Rutland, county, Eng. bounded W. by Leices-
tershire, N. and E. by Lincolnshire, and S. E. and
S. by Northamptonshire. Area, 200 square miles.
Pop. 16,380.
Rutland, small isl. near the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 22' W. Lat. 54' 58' N.
Rutland, C9. Vt. bounded N. by Addison co. E.
by Windsor co. S. by Bennington co. and W. by
New- York and Lake Champlain. Pop. 29,486.
Rutland, p-t. and cap. Rutland co. Vermont, on
Otter creek, 55 miles from its mouth, in Lake
Champlaiii, 57 N. Bennington, 45 W. by N. Wind-
sor, 60 S. E. Burlington, 33 S. S. E. Middlebury.
Lat. 43° 35' N. Lon. 72° 51' W. In the centre of
the town is a high hill, on which is a pleasant vil-
lage containing the county buildings. Pipe clay
is found here, which has been wrought into cru-
cibles, that prove very durable.
Rutland, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. N. W.
Worcester, 52 W. Boston. Pop. 1,231.
Rutland, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river,
170 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,738.
Rutland, p-t. Gallia co. Ohio.
Rutland, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
340.
Ruiledge, p-t. and cap. Granger co. Ten. N. E.
of Knoxville.
Rutnagiry, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the sea
coast. Lon. 73" 3' E. Lat. 17" 1' N.
Ruttunpore, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82°
35' E. Lat. 22° 16' N.— There are several other
places of this name in Hindostan, but none other
of consequence.
Ruvo, t. Naples, in Bari, 6 m. S. Trani, 20 W.
Bari. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 3,300.
Ruysbelce, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 7
m. S. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 2, 100.
Ruysselede, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14
m. S. S. E. Bruges, 15 W. Ghent. Pop. 5,400.
Ryacotta, t. India, in Baramaul. Lon. 78° 17'
I?;, Lat. 12° 33' N.
Ryagudd, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 83° 27' E.
Lat. 19° 1' N.
Ryan, Loch, a bay of Scotland, in Wigtonshire.
Rybensk, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 56 m. N.
W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2,200.
Ri/choor, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 77° 17' E.
Lat. 15° 59' N.
Ryde. See Ride.
Rydroog, district. Hind, in Bijanagur. Rydroog
the capital, is in lon. 77° 2° E. lat. 14° 19' N.
Rye, t. and borough, Eng. in Sussex, and one of
the Cinque Ports, on the coast of the British chan-
nel, at the mouth of the Rother. 34 m. S. Ei
Tunbridge, 63 S, E. London. Lon. 0° 44' E. Lat.
51°57'N. Pop. 2,681.
Rye, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, 18 m. W.
Aarhuus.
Rye, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the coast, 4 m.
S. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,020.
Rye, p-t. West Chester co. N. Y. on Long Island
sound, 28 m. N. E. New- York. Pop. 1,278.
Rye, t Cumberland co. Pa. on the W. side of
the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,233.
Ryegate, borough t. Eug. in Surrey. It sends two
members to parliament. 16 m. E. Guilford, 51
S. London. Lon. 0° 13' W. Lat. 51° 14' N. Pop.
1,128.
Ryegate, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt on Connecticut
river, 22 m. E. Montpelier. Pop. 8 1 2.
Ryepoor, t. Hind, iu Guudwaneh. Lon. 82°
26' E. Lat. 21° 17' N.
Ryhk, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, at the conflu-
ence of the Sem and Ryla, 52m. W.S. W.Kursk.
It is a bishop's see. Pop. 4,600.
Rynabad, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89° 44' E.
Lat. 22° 42' N.
Rypen. See Ribe,
Ryppin, t. Poland, 32 m. E. by N. Thorn. Pop.
1,000.
Rysbergen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
6 m. S. by W. Breda. Pop. 1,200.
Ryssen, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 16 m. E.
N. E. Deventer. Pop. 1,500.
Rysu'ik, v. Netherlands, in Holland, 2 m, S. E.
Hague. Pop. 1,700.
Rzeczica, t. Russian Lithunia, on the Dnieper,
152 m. S. S. E. iMinsk.
Rzeszmv, one of the circles of Austrian Poland.
Pop. 225,000.
Rzeszow, t. cap. of the above circle, on the Wis-
loka, 70 m. W. Lemberg, 80 E. Cracow. Pop.
4,600.
Sa, or Sah, v. on the ruins of Sais, formerly
the metropolis of Lower Egypt, 18 m. S. S. E.
I"'aoua.
Saade, t. Arabia, the most important in the Sa-
ltan, or mountainous district of Yemen. It is the
residence of a chief, who assumes the title of
Imam, 368 m. N. N. E. Mocha.
Saalfeld, t. Germany, duchy of Saxe-Coburg,
en the Thuringian Saale. It was formerly the
thief town of a small principality of the house of
81
Saxe, but the family became extinct in 1749, ^0
m. W. S. W. Altenburg. Pop. 3,700.
Saalfeld, or Zellwald, t East Prussia, 67 m. S.
S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,300.
Saalfelden, t. Austria, on the river Salza, 28 m,
S. S. W. Salzburg. Pop. 1 ,000.
Saalnmnster, t. Germany, in Hesse -Cassel, on
the Kinzig, 24 m. S. S. W. Fulda. Pop. 1,350.
Saane, Sane, or Sarine, r. Switz. which iaih in-
to the Aar, 7 m. W, Bern.
642
^ A B
Saanen, in French Gessenai, t. Swiss canton of
Bern, 24 m. S. Friburg, 25 E. S. E. Lausanne.
Soar. See Sarre.
Saarbruck, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the river Sarre, 18 m. E. Luxemburg,
9 S. Treves. Pop. 2,700.
Saargemund. See Sarguemine.
Saar-Louis, i. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 11 m. N. W. Saarbruck, 34 E. Thionville.
Pop. 4,100.
Saar Union, t. France, on the Saar, in Lower
Rhine, 45 m. N. E. Nancy. Len. 7° 3' E. Lat. 48°
56 N.
Saats, circle, Bohemia, lying contiguous to the
Saxon frontier. Area, 820 square miles. Pop.
114,000. Saatz, the capital, is on the Egra, 89 m.
W. by N. Prague, 28 E. Carlsbad. Lon. 13° 35' E.
Lat. 50° 1 8' 35" N. Pop. 3,800.
Saba, isl. in the W. Indies, belonging to the
Dutch, 12 miles in circumference. 13 m. N. W.
St. Eustatius, 24 S. W. St. Bartholomew. Lon.
63M2'W. Lat. 17° 40' N.
Sabagan Islands, small islands in the Red sea.
Lon. 41° 54' E. Lat. 14° 55' N.
Sabi, or Xavier, t. Africa, in the kingdom of
Whidah, and residence of the sovereign before the
subjection of the country to the king of Dahomey.
It stands on the river Euphrates, about a mile from
the sea.
Sabia, a country of Eastern Africa, situated to
the south of Sofala, traversed by a river of the
same name, which falls into the Indian ocean,
in lat. 21" to 23° S.
Sabine, r. N. America, which forms the boun-
dary between Louisiana and the Spanish prov-
ince of Texas, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico,
250 m. W. of the Bahze. It is navigable 280 miles.
Near its mouth it expands into a broad lake, and
again contracts into a river.
Sabino, a province of the Popedom, bounded
by the duchy of Spoleto, the Neapolitan frontier,
the Tiber, and the Teverone. The capital is
Magliano.
Sabio, t. Austrian Italy, in the Bresciano, on the
Chiesa, 13 m. N. E. Brescia.
Sabioncello, or Sabioneira, peninsula of Aus-
trian Dalmatia, which has the islands of Curzolo
and Meleda on the S. and on the N. the island of
Lesina. 45 m, N. W. Ragusa. Lon. 17° 40' E.
Lat. 43° 15' N.
Sabionetta, t. Austrian Italy, in the Mantuan,
19 m. S. S. W. Mantua. Lon. 10" 30' 5" E. Lat.
44° 59' 47" N. Pop. 6,000.
Sablanceaux, fort, France, on the isle of Rhe,
dep. of Lower Charente. 15 m. S. by W. Saintes.
Sable, t. France, in Sarthe, at the junction of
the rivers Sarlhe and Erve. 40 m. S. W. Le
Mans, 27 S. E. Laval. Lon. 0° 15' W. Lat. 47° 51'
N. Pop. 3,100.
Sable, r. N. Y. which forms the boundary be-
tween Essex and Clinton counties, and flows into
Lake Champlain. Adgate's falls, in this fiver,
is in the town of Chesterfield. The river here
falls perpendicularly 80 feet. The banks ol the
river for a mile below are a regular wall of rock,
100 feet high.
Sable, isl. of the Atlantic, 90 m. S. E. Cape
Breton. Lon. 59° 50' W. Lat. 44° 15' N.
Sable, Cape, the S. W. point of Nova Scotia.
Lon. 65° 39' W. Lat. 43° 24' N.
Sable Point, point on the W. side of Newfound-
land. Lon. 57° 35' W. Lat. 50° 24' N.
Sables d' Olonne, Les, s-p. France, in La Ven-
SAD
dee. 45 m. S. Nantes. Lon. 1° 42' W. Lat. 46" 30'
N. Pop. 5,200.
Saboe. See Seboo.
Sabolcs, a palatinate in the east of Hungary,
bounded W. and N. by the great river The)rs?.
Extent, 2, 120 square miles. Pop. 135,000.
Sabon, isl. at the S. entrance of the atraits of
Malacca, 24 miles in circumference, separated
from Sumatra by a navigable channel. Lon. 103"
21' E. Lat. 0° 42' N.
Sabou, or Saivu, isl. in the Eastern seas, near
Timor, 10 leagues long.
Sabrao, isl. in the Eastern seas, 100 miles in cir-
cumference, separated from the island of Flore?=
by a narrow channel. Lon. 123° 20' E. Lat. 8*
8' S.
Sabres, t. France, in Landes, 18 m. N. N. E
Tartas. Pop. 1,800.
Sabrevois, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana-
da, on the river Sorel, 30 m. S. E. Montreal.
Sabugal, t. Portugal, in Beira, 7 m. W. N. W..
Alfayates. Pop. 1,400.
Sac, r. S. Africa, which falls into the Orange
river, 90 m. from its mouth.
Sacandaga, r. N. Y. which receives numerous
streams, and runs into the Hudson, 8 m. S. W. of
Lake George.
Sacarappa, p-v. Cumberland co. Maine.
Sacchetia, t. Austrian Italy, in the Mincio, 10
m. S. E. Mantua.
Sace, t. France, in La Manche, 13 m. S. E.
Avranches. Pop. 1,600.
Sachsa, t. Prussian Saxony, 26 m. E. by N. Got-
tingen. Pop. 1,150.
Sachsenhatisen. See Frankfort on the Maine.
Sachsenheim, t. Wirtemberg, 3 m. N. Mark
Groningen. Pop. 1,100.
Sacile, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. E. Ceneda, 31
W. Udina.
Sackct'' s Harbor, p-v. and port of entry in the
town of Hounsfield, JeflTerson co. N. Y. on Black
river bay, a branch of Hungry bay, at the E. end
of Lake Ontario. The harbor is perhaps the best
on Lake Ontario. It is well situated both for
shelter and defence, and is sufficiently deep f6r*
the largest vessels. Here are several ships of
war built during the late war, and among them
two ships of the line of the first rate. Very excel-
lent stone barracks stind upon the bank of the
bay, about 400 yards east of the village. 78 m.
N. Utica, 176 N. W. Albany. The shipping in
1816 amounted to 616" tons.
Sackingen, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 17 m. E,
Bale. Pop. 950.
Sackville, t. Westmoreland co. New-Brunswick,
on Chcgnecto basin.
Saco, r. which rises on the W.side of the White
mountains, in N. H. and running S. E. into Maine,
falls into the sea, between Saco and Biddeford.
It has falls 6 miles from its mouth, which obstruct
the navigation.
Saco, p-t. and port of entry, York co. Maine, on
the N. E. side of Saco river, at its mouth, 15 m.
S. W. Portland, 29 N. E. York, 103 N. N. E. Bos-
ton. It is well situated for trade and manufac-
tures. The principal village is at the falls in Sa-
co river, which furnish numerous sites for mills
and manufacturing establishments. Pop. 2,942.
Sacratif, cape of Spain, on the coast of Grana^
da. Lon. 3° 27' W. Lat. 36° 41' N.
Sacrificios, isl. of the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lon. 98° 6' W. Lat. 15" 40' N.
Sadava, t. Spain, in Arragon, 20 m, S. Sangues-
sa, 47 N. W. Sai-agossa.
SAG
' Sadberge, or Sadbergh, v. Eng. in Durham, 4
m. E. N. E. Darlington. Pop. 396.
Saddleback, mountain in Adams and Williams-
town, Mass. It consists of 2 summits ; the N. is
2,400, and the S. 3,000 feet above the valley be-
low. It is the highest land in Massachusetts.
SaddUhill, promontory on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 124° W, Lat 46° 25' N.
Haddh River, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,174.
Saddle River, t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on
Delaware river. Pop. 929.
Saddleworth, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. W.
Huddersfield.
Sadia, s-p. on the W. coast of Madagascar. Lat.
19° 3' S.
Sadras, t. Hind, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80° 16'
E. Lat 12° 27' N.
Satbye, s-p. Denmark, in Jutland, 30 m. N. E.
Aalbor-. Lon. 10° 33' 9 " E. Lat 57° 20' 2" N.
Pop. 400.
Sa.fad, or Saphet, (an. Japha,) v. Palestine, on
A hill overlookmg the W. coast of the lake of Ti-
berias. 65 m. S. W. Damascus.
Sa^, or Azqffi, s-p. Morocco, cap. of the prov-
ince of Abda. It was long the centre of Euro-
pean commerce, and the French had several fac-
tories here, which are now transferred to Mogo-
dor. Lon. 9° 5' W. Lat. 32° 20' N. Pop. 12,000.
Saffron Walden, t. Eng. in Essex, 27 m. N. W.
Chelmsford, 42 N. by E. London. Lon. 0° 14' E.
Lat. 52" 2" N. Pop. 3,403.
Sagadahoc, r. Maine, which joins the Andros-
coggin, in Rumford.
Sagadahoc, the name formerly applied to most
of that part of Maine which lies east of the Ken-
uebeck.
Sagamond. See Sangamoin.
Sagaji, t. Prussian States, on the right bank of
the Bober, 83 m. N. W. Breslau, 80 E. N. E. Dres-
den. Lon. 15° 22' 30" E. Lat 51° 42' 12" N. Pop.
4,700.
Saganaw Bay, a large bay of Michigan Terri-
tory, which sets up from Lake Huron between
Point aux Barques on the S. in N. lat. 44° 42' 6",
and Point au Sable on the north. The course of
the bay is nearly south ; it extends in length
about 60 miles, and is 30 miles wide at its mouth.
It is navigable for vessels of any burden, and its
numerous coves and islands afTord good harbours.
At its southern extremity it receives Saganaw
river, a large and deep stream, with bold shores.
The lands on this river are esteemed among the
most fertile in the territory of Michigan. They
are now occupied by bands of the Chippeway
and Ottaway Indiana, but have been recently sold
to the U. States, and will shortly be thrown into
market.
Saganeer, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° 50' E.
Lat 26° 40' N.
Saganeer, t Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 79° 18'
E. Lat 21° 34' N.
Saganian, r. Great Buldiaria, which falls into
the Oxus, at Termed.
Sagara, the ancient Helicon, a mountain of
Greece, a few miles N. of the gulf of Corinth.
Sagard, t. Prussian States, on the N. point of the
island of Rugen, 22 m. N. E. Stralsund. Pop.
700.
Sagalux, r. Ct. which runs into Long Island
sound, between Fairfield and Norwalk, forming a
harbour at its mouth.
Sagendago, a head branch of Hudson's river.
fts BBouth is about 20 milw W. of Fort ^nn.
S A H
d43
Sagh, or Ipoly-Sagh, t. Hungary, 22 m. N. by
W. Waitzen, 39 N. Buda.
Saghalien, called also Oku Jesso, or Upper Jesso,
and by the natives Tchoka, a large island at the E.
extremity of Asia, immediately N. of the large isl-
and of Jesso or Matsnlai. It is 450 miles long and
from 40 to 130 broad, and separated from the con-
tinent by a narrow channel, called the channel of
Tartary. Lat. 50" to 54" N. Lon. 144° to 147" E.
Saghalien River. See Amur.
Saghalien Oula-Hotun, fortified t. in the coun-
try of the Mantchou Tartars, on the Saghalien,
450 m. N. E. Peking.
Sag Harbor, p-v. and port of entry, in the
township of Southampton, Suflfolk co. N. Y. on the
great bay that divides the east end of Long Island,
1 10 m. E. of the city of New- York. It contains
135 dwelling houses, 15 stores, 2 rope-walks, 1
spermaceti candle factory, 3 extensive salt works,
and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte-
rians, and 1 for Methodists. It has a good harbor
and considerable trade. The shipping owned
here in 1820, was 5,735 tons, 2,262 of which was
employed in the whale fishery on the coast of Pat-
agonia and in the Pacific ocean ; 319 tons in the
cod fishery, and 3,140 in the coasting trade. The
whale fishery employs more than 200 men, and
produces annually 8,500 barrels of oil. Pop. in
1820, 1,296.
Sagne, v. Switz. in Neufchatel, 8 m. W. N. W.
Ncufchatel. Pop. 1,300.
Sagona, t. on the W. coast of Corsica, between
Calvi and Ajaccio.
Sagor, or Ganga Sagor, isl. Bengal, at the en-
trance of the Hoogly, or Bhagurutty river. A
society in Calcutta has lately taken a lease of this
island from the East India company, and has en-
gaged to clear and bring it into a state of cultiva-
tion in a few years. Its S. point is in lon. 88° 20'
E. Lat 21° 34' N.
Sagres, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 17 m. W. S. W.
Lagos, 116 S. Lisbon. Lon. 9° VV. Lat. 37° N.
Sagua Islands, small islands in the Spanish
Main, 15 m. from the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 78°
4' W. Lat. 9° 18' N.
Saguenay, large r. Canada, which falls into the
St Lawrence in lon . 69" 40' W. lat. 48° N. It ri-
ses from Lake St John, in 48" 20' N. lat. and 72°
30' W. lon. The banks of this river throughout
its course ai'e very rocky, and immensely high. Its
current is broad, deep, and uncommonly vehe-
ment.
Saguenay River, Little, r. Labrador, which runs
S. and empties into the St. Lawrence E. of the
Seven isles, in lon. 65" W. lat. 50" 18' N.
Sagur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78° 53' E,
Lat 23° 45' N.
Sagy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 30 m. N.
E.Macon. Pop. 2,100.
Sahagun, t. Spain, in Leon, 50 m. S. E. Leon.
Pop. 4,000.
Sahara, or the Great Desert, an immeHse ter-
ritory in Northern and Central Africa, lying be-
tween the states of Barbary on the N. and Soudan,
or the countries watered by the Niger on the S.
and stretching from the Atlantic on the W. with
few interruptions to the Nile on the E. being by
far the most extensive desert in tlie world. It
presents, almost throughout, the spectacle of a na-
ked burning plain of sand, destitute aUke of wa-
ter or vegetation, and unfit for the support of hu-
man life. It is only occasionally diversified by
«ases or i.slands, where the supply of water admits
eu
s A I
of a certain degree of verdure and cultivation.
With the aid of the camel, caravans of merchants
regularly cross these dreaiy wilds, in various di-
rections. Water is conveyed in goat skins cove-
red with tar, to prevent evaporation. At each of
tho oases, or spots afl'ording water, the caravan
stops for a few days to take in a supply. The
greatest evil which they haye to fear is when, in
consequence of a peculiarly dry season, one of these
springs happens to fail. Thus, in 1798, a caravan
from Morocco, consisting of 2,000 men, with 1,800
camels, entirely perished.
Saharunpore, district, Hind, in Delhi, between
the Jumna and Ganges, in about 31° N. lat. The
soil is extremely fertile, producing all kinds of
grain, sugar, indigo, cotton,and tobacco. In 1803,
the British became masters of this valuable dis-
trict. Saharunpore, the capital, is near the river
Jumna, in Ion. 77" 23' E. lat. 30° 15' N.
Sahlaydun, t. Birman empire, on the W. bank
of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94" 40' E. Lat. 1 8° 35' N.
Sai, t Bambarra, in Africa, 26 m. S. W. Sego.
Saiansk, t. Russia, in Kolivan, on the Enisei.
Lon. 92'' 14' E. Lat. 52° 24' N.
Said, or Sahid, a name applied to Upper Egypt,
comprehending the territory extending along the
Sf ile, from the vicinity of Cairo, to the frontier of
Nubia.
Saida, or SeidCf seaport, Syria, on the site of
the ancient Sidon, celebrated as the most ancient
of the Phenician cities. Although much decayed
from its ancient greatness, it retains still some im-
portance as the port of Damascus. The magnifi-
cent harbour, composed of vast moles stretching
out into the sea, is now entirely destroyed. The
French have a consul here, and five or six com-
mercial houses. The exports consist of corn,
silk, raw and spun cotton, particularly the last.
Lon. 33° 14' E. Lat. 33° 25' N. Pop. 7,000 or
8,000.
Saillans, t France, in Drome, 9 m. S. W. Die.
Pop. 1,500.
Saima, large lake, Finland, to the N. of Wil-
manstrand, 250 miles long.
Sain, isl. on the W. coast of France, at the S.
point of the bay of Brest, 3 m. W. Quimper.
Sains, v. France, in Aisne, 7 m. W. Vervins.
St. Abb'^s Head, cape, Scotland, in the German
sea, 14 m. N. N. W. Berwick. Lon. T 12' W.
Lat. 55° 50' N.
St. Adrian, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. E. Ghent.
St. Agata di Gothi, t. Naples, in Principato Ul-
tra, 15 m. W. S. W. Benevento.
St. Agnes, one of the Scilly islands, on which is
a light house. Lon. 6° 20' W. Lat. 49° 63' 30" N.
See SeiUy Islands.
St.Agreve, t. France, in Ardeche, 18 m. N. N.
W. Privas, 18 W. Tournon. Pop. 2,540.
St. Aignan, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 19 m.
S. Blois, 16 W. S. W. Romorantin. Lon. 1* 27' E.
Lat. 48° 15' N. Pop. 2,500.
St. Aignan, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 152° 56' E.
Lat. 10° 41' 19" S.
St. Albain, t. France, in Lozere, 4i m. E. St.
Chely, 15 N. N. W. Mendc. Pop. 2,100.
St.Alban, t. France, in Gard, with a mineral
Spring. 3 m. N. Alais.
67. Alban, t. Savoy, 6 m. W. Chamberry. Pop.
1,000. In its neighbourhood are considerable
iron mines.
St. Alban'' s, t. Eng. in Hertford co; 13 m. W. S.
W. Hertford. Lon. 0° 21' W. Lat 51° 46' N.
St. Alban's, t. Somerset co. Maine, 30 m. E.
Norrido-ewock.
SAI
St Alban'' s, p-t. and cap. Franklin cd. Vt. on
Lake Champlain, 23 m. N. Burlington. Pop.
1,609. The village contains a court-house and
jail, and an academy.
St. Albans, p-t. Licking co. Ohio.
St. Alban''s Head, a cape of England, on the
coast of Dorsetshire, in the English channel, 18 m.
E. Weymouth. Lon. 2° 10' W. Lat. 50° 4' N.
St. Alvaire, t. France, in Dordogne, 15 m. S.
Perigucux. Fop. 1,800.
St. Atnand, t. France, in Fuy de Dome, 7 m. S.
Clermont, 10 N. N. W. Issoire. Pop. 1,715.
St.Amand, t. Frsmce, in Nievre, 9 m. N. E.
Cosne, 7 S. St. Fargeau. Pop. 1,500.
St. Amand de Boueux, L France, in Charentey
9 m. N. Angouleme. Pop. 1,410.
St. Amand, t. France, in North, on the Scarp,
6 m. W. Conde, 18 S. E. Lille. Pop. 8,039.
67. Amand Mont Rend, t. France, in Cher, 21
m. S. Bourges, Lon. 2° 35' E. Lat. 46° 43" N. Pop.
5,080.
67. Amand de Vallhoret, t. France, in Tarn, 13
m. S. E. Castres. Pop. 2,015.
67. Amans, t. France, in Lozere, 9 m. N. Mende.
Pop. 3,380.
St. Amarin, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 15 m»
N. Besort.
St. Ambrose, isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat.
26° 17' S.
St. Ambroix, t. France, in Gard, 18 m. W. Pont
St. Esprit, 9 N. N. E. Alais. Pop. 2,250.
St. Anastasia, isl. near the E. coast of Florida,
18 miles long. Lon. 81" 36' W. Lat. 29° 48' N.
67. Andre, t. France, in Eure, 9 m. S. S. E. Ev-
reux.
St. Andre, t. Austria, 20 m. E. N. E. Clagenfurt,
32 S. E. Muhrau. Lon. 14" 32' E. Lat. 46° 47' N.
67. AndrS de Cuhac, t. France, in Gironde, 13
m. N. Bourdeaux. Fop. 2,580.
St. Andrl de Sangonis, t. France, in Herault, 4
m. E. N. E. Clermont. Pop. 1,400.
67. Andrea, isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 13"
43' E. Lat. 45" 8' N.
St. Andrea, t. Naples, in Otranto, 3 m. W. Ta-
rento.
67. Andreas, t. France, in Dordogne, 13 m. N.
Bourdeaux.
6^ Andreas Berg, t. Prussian States, in West-
phalia, in the llarz Forest, 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar.
St. Andreia, small, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon..
188° 14' E. Lat. 62° 25' N.
St. Andreto, r. Guinea, which runs into the At-
lantic in lon. 6° 20' W. lat. 4° 55' N.
St. Andreic, parish, Charleston district, S. C. oii
the Ashley, above Charleston.
St. Andrcw^s Islands, two islands in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 131° 18' E. Lat, 5° 18' S.
St. Andrew^, a city, Scotland, in Fife co. with
a safe and commodious harbour. Here is a uni-
versity, consisting of two distinct colleges, in one
of which the languages, philosopliy, and the sci-
ences, are taught ; and the other is reserved ex-
clusively for theology. A library common to
both, contains about 36,000 volumes. The num-
ber of students during the session 1816-17, amount-
ed to 175. 9 m. E. Cupar, 39 N. N. E. Edinburgh.
Lon. T 50' W. Lat. 56" 19' 33 ' N.
St. Angela, t. Naples, in Lavora, 9 m. S. E. Na-
ples.
67. Angela, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 60
m. N. Policastro.
St. Angela di Lombardi, t. Naples, in Principa-
to Citra, 6 m. N. W. Conza. ■ -*««*«;*« •
S A I
S A I
645
S(. Angela, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 10 m.
E. S. E. Teramo.
St. Angela, t. Naples, in Bari, 8 m. S. S. E. Bit-
letto.
St. Angeloj t. Naples, in Capitanata, 10 m. N.
N. E. Lauria. Pop. 11,500.
St. Angela, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m.
W. S. W. Cariati Vecchia.
St. Angela, t. Italy, in Milan, 6 m. S. S. W.
Lodi.
67. Angela, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 3 m. N.
E. Scalea.
St. Angela in Vado, t. Popedom, in the duchy
of Urbino, the see of a bishop. 12 m. S. W. Urbino.
Lon. 12" 28' E. Lat. 43° 43' N.
St. Angelon, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 13 m. S.
S. W. Matera.
St. Ann, t. Guadaloupe, on the S. coast. Lon.
6r27'W. Lat. 16° 21' N.
St. Ann, or Jinnimpig Lake, a lake of Canada.
It empties into James bay through Albany river.
Lon. 88° 15' W. Lat. 49° 30' N.
St. Ann. See Zarpana.
St. Anna, t. Italy, 6 m. S. W. Ravenna.
67. Anna, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Atrica, a little to the S. E. of St. Thomas.
St. Anna, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil, 20 m. N. E. Maranhao.
St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Ilheos, 20 m. S. W. St.
Jorge.
St. Anna. See Arrayal de St. Anna.
St. Anna, t. Buenos Ayres, 200 m. E. Corrien-
tes.
St. Anna-ter-Muyden, t. Netherlands, 2 m. W.
Sluys.
St. Annaberg, t. Germany, 14 m. S. Chemnitz,
38 S. VV, Dresden. Lon. 12° 58' E. Lat. 50°
30' N.
€t. Annaperg, t. Austria, 20 m. S. St. Polten.
57. Ann^s, port on the E. coast of the island of
Cape Breton. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 47° N.
St. Ann's, t. New-Brunswick, on St. John's
river, 3 m. S. Fredericktown. Lon. 66° 46' W.
Lat. 46° 2' N.
St. Ann's Bay, bay of the island of Jamaica.
Lon. 77° 3' W. Lat. 18° 58' N.
St. Ami's Bay, bay of Mexico, in the bay of
Campeachy. Lon. 94° 46' W. Lat. 18° 10' N.
St. Ann's Head, cape on the S. E. coast of the
island of Man, 5 m. N. E. Longness Point.
St. Anne, cape, Africa, on the coast of Guinea.
Lat. 7° 5' N.
St. Anne, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the St. Lawrence, at the confluence of
St. Anne river, 28 m. N. E. Three Rivers. It has
a village of about 30 houses.
St. Anne, or La Pocadiere, seigniory, Cornwal-
lis CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St.
Lawrence, 62 m. N. E. Quebec.
St. Anne, parish in Cote de Beaupre seigniory.
Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 18 m. N. E.
Quebec.
St. Anne. See Frederickton, New-Brunswick.
St. Aime''s River, r. Canada, which runs into
the St. Lawrence, 50 m. above Quebec.
St. Antheme, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 7 m.
E. Ambert, 7 S. W. Montbrison. Pop. 3,020.
St. Anthony" s Falls, falls in Mississippi river, in
lat. 44° N. The river has here a perpendicular
pitch of 40 feet, with a formidable rapid above and
below, making the whole descent in three-foufths
of a mile, 65 feet. The appearance is beautiful
and picturesque. In 1S05, the government of the
U. States purchased of the Indians a tract of land,
around these falls, 9 miles square ; and in 1819,
300 soldiers were sent to occupy it as a military
position. A fort has been erected on a high bluff
at the junction of the river St. Peter's with the
Mississippi, a spot which commands the navigation
of both rivers, and appears capable of being ren-
dered impregnable with little expense. The cli-
mate is delightful, and the rich bottom and prai-
rie lands which skirt the river yield corn, pota-
toes, and all the common garden vegetables in
rich abundance. As a military position it is of
great importance, being in the neighborhood of
many powerful Indian tribes, who have hereto-
fore been under the exclusive influence of the
British Fur companies. The garrison at the falls
will have a ready access into the heart of the
countries occupied by these tribes, by three dis-
tinct channels of communication ; by the Missis-
sippi, which is navigable towards the north, 600
miles above the falls ; by the St. Croix on the N.
E. which joins the Mississippi just below the falls,
and communicates with Lake Superior by a port-
age of half a mile ; and by the St. Peter's on the
N. W. which runs through the territory of the
Sioux, the most powerful of the Indian tribes, and
is navigable for several hundred miles.
St. Antiaco, (an. Enosis,) isl. 2 m. from the S.
W. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 8° 34' E. Lat. 39°
6'N.
St. Antoine Bay, or Lefebvre, seigniory, Buck-
ingham CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the
St. Lawrence, 15 m. S. W, Three Rivers.
<S/. Antonia, the most northerly of the Cape
Verd Islands. It is very elevated, some of the
mountains being constantly covered with snow.
On the N. side it has a good road for shipping,
Lon. 24° 58' W. Lat. 1 7° 2' N. Pop. about 4,000,
chiefly negroes.
67. Antonio, t. New Spain, cap. of Texas. Lon.
101° W. Lat. 29° 50' N. Pop. 2,000.
St. Antonis in der Heyde, t. Prussian States, 14
m. N. W. Dusseldorf, 16 E. N. E. Ruremond.
67. Artnand, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Can-
ada, on Misisque bay, 40 m. S. E. Montreal, Pop.
2,500.
6/. Arnould, t. F-rance, 27 m. S, S. W. Paris.
St. Asaph, t. Wales, in Flintshire, the see of a
bishop, 30 m. W. Chester, Lon, 3° 40' W. Lat.
53° 13' N. Pop. 1,520.
St. Astier, t. France, in Dordogne, 9 m. S. W.
Perigueux. Pop. 2,220.
St. Aubin, t. isle of Jersey, with a safe harbour
defended by a castle. 3 m. W, St. Helier. Lon. T
9'W. Lat, 48" 38' N,
St. Aubin d'Aubigne, t. France, in Ille-and-
Vilaine, 9 m. N. Rennes.
St. Aubin du Cormier, t. France, in Ille-and-
Vilaine, 10 m. N. W. Vitre.
St. Augusiin, mountain on the W. coast ofN.
America, at the entrance of Cook's river.
St. Augustine, sea-port and cap. of Florida^
is on the Eastern coast, opposite the inlet at the
north point of St. Anastatia island. It is regular-
ly laid out in the form of a parallelogram, the
streets intersecting each other at right angles.
The houses are generally two stories high, and
built of a species of stone peculiar to the country.
The situation is pleasant ; the supply of fresh wa-
ter abundant ; the atmosphere dry and healthful,
and well adapted to northern constitutions. In-
valids frequently resort hither for the benefit of
the climate. The soil in the neighborhood is
m
S A I
generally sandy, yet produces corn, garden vege-
tables, oranges and lemons in great perfection.
The harbor is good, but thei'c is a bar at its
mouth which at the lowest tides will not admit
vessels drawing more than 6 feet of water ; but
there is a roadstead outside of the bar which af-
fords anchorage for larger vessels. The town and
the entrance to the harbor are well defended by
a strong fort, built entirely of hewn stone, and
mounting 60 cannon. In the rear of the city,
and nearly encircling it, but at too great a dis-
tance to affect the climate, is an impenetrable
morass, on the margin of which are erected six
redoubts. Lat. 29° 45' N. Lon. 81" Sa W. Pop.
estimated at 5,000.
St. Augustine's Bay, bay on the W. coast of
Madagascar. Lat. 23° 30" S.
St. Augustine, cape on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
35°11'W. Lat. 8° 38' S.
St. Augustine'' s River, r. Labrador, which runs
into the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 59° 59' W.
Lat. 51° 15' N.
St.Austle, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 14 m. E. N. E.
Truro. Lon. 4° 38' W. Lat. 50° 21' N. Pop.
St. Barbara, t. Sardinia, 14 m. S. S.W. Cagliari.
St. Bamabe, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence.
St. Barthelemy, t. France, in Lot and Garonne,
8 m. N. Tonneins. Pop. 2,200.
St. Bartholomeo, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 m.
S. Volturara. Pop. 4,500.
St. Bartholomew, one of the Caribbee islands in
^e W. Indies, 15 miles in circumference. It is
very fertile in sugar, cotton, tobacco, and indigo.
It was ceded by France to Sweden in 1785. Lon.
■62°54' W. Lat. 17" 53' N.
St. Bartholomew, one of the new Hebrides isl-
ands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167° 23' E. Lat.
15° 41' S.
St. Baumc, t. France, 16 m. E. N. E. Mar-
seilles.
67. Beat, t. Franco, in Upper Garonne, on the
Garonne, 32 m. S. E. Tarbes.
iS7. Bee's Head, cape, Eng. in Cumberland. Lon.
3°32'W. Lat. 54° 27' N.
St. Bel, t. France, 10 m. W. Lyons.
6'^ Benedetto, t. Italy, 15 m. S. S. E. Mantua.
St. Benito, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of California, 20 m. N. W. Cerros.
St. Bertrand, Great, mountain of the Alps, be-
tween Switzerland and Piedmont, at the sources
of the Eurance and the Doria. Its highest peak
is. 11,006 feet above the level of the sea. Be-
tween the two main summits is one of the princi-
pal passes from Switzerland to Italy.
St. Bertrand de Cominges, t. France, in Upper
Garonne, 25 m. E. S. E. Tarbes.
St. Blain, fief, Surrey co. Lower Canada, on
th0 S. side of ttie St. Lawrence, 16 m. N. E. Mon-
treal.
St. Bonifacio, i. Italy, 15 m. E. Verona.
St. Bonnet de Bruyeres, t. France, in Rhone-
aod-Loirc, IBro. N. Villefranche.
St. Bonnet de Chavagne, t. France, in Isere, 4
jQ.S.'W. St. Marcelin.
St. Bonnet de Jorix, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 6 m. N. E.Charolles, 9 W. Cluny.
(S/. Boy, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. S. W. Bar-
<:elona.
St. Brances, t. Fran«e, in Indre-aad-Loire, 12
m. S. Toura.
S A I
St. Branchier, t. Switz. in the Valais, 12 m. iL
W. Sion.
St. Brelade's Bay, bay on the S. coast of the isl-
and of Jersey, 5 m. VV. St. Helier.
St. Briac, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 10 m,
N. Diannan.
St. Brice, i. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 7 m. N.
W. Fougeres.
St, Brice, t. France, in Seine and Oise, 9 m. N.
Paris.
St. Brice, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. E. Aux-
erre.
St. Brice, t. France, in Marne, 3 m. N. W.
Reims.
St. Bride^ Bay, bay of St. George's channel,
on the W. coast of Wales. Lon. 5° 23' W. Lat. 51°
48' N.
St. Brieux, city, France, cap. of the dep. of the
North coasts. It has a small harbour. 40 m. N.
VV. Rennes, 200 W. Paris. Lon. 2° 40' W. Lat.
48°22'N. Pop. 6,250.
67. Brisson, t. France, in Loiret, 4 m. S. Gien,
2 W. Briare.
6/. Buono, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 15 m-
N. E. Civita Borella.
St. Calais, t. France, in Sarte, 22 m. E. Le
Mans. Lon.0° 49' E. Lat. 47° 55' N.
67. Carlos, t. Caraccas, 85 m. S. W. Caraccas
Lon. 67° 47' W. Lat. 9° 25' N. Pop. 9,500.
St. Carlos de Monterey, the capital of New Cal-
ifornia, is on the bay of Monterey, in lat. 36° 15'
N. Pop. 700. The garrison consists of 60 or 80
soldiers, who are all expert horsemen.
St. Carlos, t. Cuba, 62 m. E. Havanna.
St. Cataldo, t. Naples, in Otranto, on the coast,
8 m. E. Lecce.
St. Catalina, isl. in the Pacific ocean, on the
coast of Chili. Lat. 46° S.
6/. Catalina, isl. in the Carribean sea. Lon. 81°
W. Lat. 13" 20' N.
St. Catherina, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Istria. Lon. 13° 44' E. Lat. 45° 9' N.
St. Catherina, isl. in the Mediterranean, near
Rhodes. Lon. 27° 33' E. Lat. 36° 5' N.
St. Catherine' s, isl. near the coast of Brazil,
about 8 leagues long from N. to S. and separated
from the mainland by a channel, in some places
not half a league in length. It has a fertile soil,
and produces rice, maize, coffee of excellent
quality, oranges, and a variety of other fruits.
The island with its dependencies contains about
30,000 inhabitants. Lon. 47" 15' W. Lat. 27°
10' S.
St. Catherine'' s, the principal town of the above
island, is on its E. shore ; and its port may be en-
tered by ships of 300 tons burden. Pop. 5,000.
St. Catherine's island, isl. off the coast of Geor-
gia, at the mouth of Newport river.
St. Catherine'' s Sou7id, on the coast of Georgia,
between St. Catherine and Ossabaw islands. Lon,
81°15'W. Lat. 31° 38' N.
67. Catherine de Fierhois, t. France, in Indre-
and-Loire, 13 m. S. Tours.
St. Catherine's Point, cape, on the S. coast of
the Isle of Wight. Lon. 1° 19' W. Lat. 50° 35' N.
St. Celerin, v. France, in Sarte, 9 m. W. La
Ferte Bernard.
St. Cere, t. France, 21 m. E. N. E. Gourdan, 30
N. E. Cahors. Lon. 1" 59' E. Lat. 44° 51' N. Pop.
3,798.
67. Chamas, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
18 m. W. Aix, 6 S. Salon. Pop. 2,500.
S A I
S A 1
641
St. .Chamond, t. France, iu Rhone-and- Loire,
22 m. S. S. W. Lyons. Lon. 4'' 36' E. Lat. 45°
28' N.
St. Charles, r. Canada, which runs into the St.
Lawrence, a little below Quebec.
St. Charles, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Can-
ada, on the river Sorel, 20 m. E. Montreal.
St. Charles, p-t. German coast co. Louisiana.
St. Charles, co. Missouri, on the N. side of Mis-
souri river, at its junction with the Mississippi.
St. Charles, p-t. and cap. St. Charles co. Mis-
souri, on the N. side of Missouri river, 21 miles
from its mouth, 18 N. W. St. Louis. It is a hand-
some and flourishing town, and contained in 1817,
about 1,000 inhabitants. It was originally settled
by the French, but there are now many American
settlers.
St. Charles Yamaska, seigniory, Richelieu co.
Lower Canada, 35 m. E. Montreal.
St. Cheli/ efAcpIier, t. France, in Lozere, 21 m.
N. N. VV. Mende, 15 S. E. St. Flour. Lon. 3° 21'
E. Lat. 44" 48' N, Pop. 2,013.
St. Christiana, t. Spain, in Galicia.
St. Christina, one of the Marquis of Mendoza's
islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 139° 7' E. Lat.
9° 55' S.
St. Christophe, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire,
15 m. N. N. W. Tours.
St. Christophe, t. France, in Isere, 6 m. S. W.
Grenoble.
St. Christopher's or St. KilCs, isl. in the West
Indies, belonging to the British, about 15 miles
long and 4 broad, and contains 43,726 acres, of
which about 17,000 acres are appropriated to the
growth of sugar, and 4,000 to pasturage. The
official value of the exports and imports amounted,
Imports. Exports.
In 1809, to £266,064 £132,845
1810, 253,611 89,362
Pop. in 1805, 1,998 whites and free blacks, and
26,000 slaves. Lon. 62° 49° W. Lat. 17° 19' N.
St, Christopher, r. Africa, which runs into the
Indian sea. Lat. 32° 20' S.
St. Christopher, isl. in the straits of Mozambique.
Lon. 43° 10' E. Lat. 16° 50' S.
St. Chrisioral, t. Brazil, in Bahia. It has a fine
and well defended port, 20 m. N. E. Sergippe.
Lon. 37° 30' W. Lat. 12° 40' S.
St. Chrisloval, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
152" 30' E. Lat. 6" 50' S.
St. Christovao, t. Brazil, near the coast, 20 m.
N.E. Sergipo. Lat. 11° 30' S.
St. Christovao, t. Brazil, 10 m. N. W. Rio Ja-
neiro.
St. Cire, t. France, 3 m. N. Lyons.
St. Clair, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, 34 m.
E. Quebec.
St. Clair, lake, N. America, between lake Hu-
ron and lake Erie, about 90 miles in circumfer-
ence. It receives the waters of lake Huron
through St. Clair river, and discharges itself into
lake Erie through Detroit river, 'fhe bottom of
the lake is said to be a perfect plain, the depth be-
ing invariably 21 feet, except near the shore.
St. Clair River, through which lake Huron dis-
charges its waters into lake St. Clair. It is about
40 miles long, and | of a mile wide, and is navi-
gable for large vessels, though there is a bar at the
mouth where vessels sometimes lighten. About a
mile below lake Huron, ou the W. bank of the
river, stands fort Gratiot.
St. Clair, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 3,080.
St. Clair, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,847.
St. Clair, co. Alabama.
St. Clair, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the Miami, op-
posite Hamilton.
St. Clair, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop,
in 1818, 4,519. Chief town, Cahokia.
St. Claire sur Epte, t. France, in Eure. 27 m. S-
E. Rouen.
St. Claire, isl. in the Indian sea, near the E.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 47° 10' E. Lat. 24"
54' S.
St. Clairs creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the W.
side of the Ohio, below Hamilton.
St. Clairsville, p-t. and cap. Belmont co. Ohio,
11 m. W. Wheeling, 70 E. Zanesville. It is situ-
ated on elevated ground, and contains a court-
house, jail, market-house, a bank, a printing of-
fice, and 3 churches, 1 each, for Presbyterians,
Quakers, and Methodists. Pop. in 1819,"675.
St. Clar de Lomagne, t. France, in Gers, 16 ra,
N. N. E. Auch. Lon. 0°5l' E. Lat. 43° 53' N.
St. Clare, t. Wales, 10 m. W. Carmarthen.
St. Claude, t. France, in Jura, 18 m. N. W. Ge-
neva. Lon. 5° 57' E. Lat. 46" 33' N. Pop. 2,600.
St. ClaiidCf t. France, in Loir and Cher, 6 m. N.
E. Blois.
St. Clement, t. France, in Correze, 6 m. N. W.
Tulle.
St. Clement, isl. in the English channel, 2m.S.
Penzance. Lou. 5° 35' W. Lat. 50° 6' N.
jS7. Clement de la Place, t. France, in Maine-
and-Loire, 7 m. N. W. Angers.
St. Clcmente, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 25 miles
in circumference. Lon. 241° 56' E. Lat. 33° N.
St. Cloxtd, t. France, in Charcnte, 18 m. N. N.
E. Angouleme.
St. Cloud, t. France, near the Seine, 15 m. W
Paris.
St. Coloma, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 m. E. S.
E. Cervera.
67. Columb Major, t. England, in Cornwall. Lon.
4° 47' W. Lat. 50" 27' >f . Pop. 2,070.
St. Columbano, t. Italy, 8 m. S. Lodi.
St. Come, t. France, in Aveyron, 15 m. N. E,
Rhodez.
St. Cornelius Munster, a princely abbey, Ger-
many, 5 m. S. E. Aix-la-Chapelle.
St. Cosmos, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the
coast of Friuli. Lon. 13° 25' E. Lat. 45° 46' N.
St. CouloWibe, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 4
m. N. E. St. iMalo.
St. Croix, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m.
S. W. Quebec.
St. Croix, r. Maine, called also Passamaquoddy
and Schoodic, runs into Passamaquoddy bay. It is
the boundary between the United States and New
Brunswick, from its mouth to its source.
St. Croix, r. North America, which runs into
the E. side of the Mississippi. It is 100 yards wide
at its mouth, and is connected, by a short portage,
with Boisbrule a river of lake Superior. It is
said to afford the most practicable communicatioc
between lake Superior and the Mississijipi.
Si. Cyprian, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the N.
coast, 20 m. N. Mondonedo. Lon. 7° 18' W. Lat.
43° 42' N.
St. Cyprian, t. Chili, on the coast of the Pacific
ocean, 'l60 m. S. Valdivia. Lon. 74° W. Lat. 42'
20' S.
St. Cyr, V. France, near Versailles.
St. Cyr, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 2 m. N
W. Tours.
St. David, t. Charlotte co. New Brunswick.
648
S A I
St. David, or Tegapainam, fort, Hindostan, on
the coast of Coromandel, 13 m. S. Pondicherry,
Latll''46'N.
St. Daricfs, t. Wales, in Pembroke, the see of a
bishop. It is near the sea, 48 m. W. Caermarthen.
Lat5r50'N. Pop. 1,816.
St. Denis, t. France, In Aude, 12 m. N. W. Car-
cassonne.
St. Denis, t. France, celebrated for its abbey, 5
m. N. Paris.
St. Denis, i. J''rance, in Loiret, 9 m. E. Orleans.
iS7. Denis, t. of the isl. of Bourbon, and resi-
dence of the governor. Lon. 55° 20' E. Lat. 21"
50' S.
St. Denis, fief, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 72 m. N. E.
Quebec.
St. Denis, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Can-
ada, on the river Sorel, 25 m. N. E. Montreal.
St. Didier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 24 m. N.
E. Le Pay. Pop. 3,200.
St. Didier, t France, in Upper Loire, 9 m. E.
S. E. Le Puy.
St. Die, t. France, in Loir-and-Chcr, on the
Loire, 10 m. N.E. Blois,
St. Diego, seaport on the W. coast of N. Amer-
ica, in New Albion. Lon. 243° 7' E. Lat. 32°
42' N.
St. Diego, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 25 m.
N. W. Santa Fe ; another, 90 m. S. E. Santa Fe.
St. Diey, t. France, in Vosges, 21 m. N. E. Re-
miremont. Lon. 7° 2' E. Lat 48" 17' N. Pop.
5,400.
St. Diomida, isl. Russia, in the Frozen ocean.
Lon. 135° 14' E. Lat. 78° 40' N.
St. Diomida, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
190° 14' E. Lat. 63° 15' N.
St. Dionysio, r. South America, which runs into
the Atlantic. Lat. 48° 20' S.
St. Disier, t. France, in Upper Marne, 157 m.
S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 5° 2' E. Lat. 48'' 37' N. Pop.
5,900.
St. Domingo. See Hispaniola.
St. Domingo, the capital of the Spanish part of
Hispaniola, is on tlie W. margin of tJie river Oza-
ma. Lon. 69° 60' W. Lat. 18" 28' N. Pop.
12,000.
St. Domingo, or Cacheo, r. Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic. Lon. 16° 20' W. Lat 12° 8' N.
St. Domingo Soriano, t. Buenos Ayres, at the
union of the Rio Negro and Uraguay, 80 m. N.
Buenos Ayres. Lat 33° 18' S.
St. Domino, one of the Tremiti islands, in the
Adriatic. Lon. 15" 25' E. Lat. 42° 8' N.
St. Donaci, t. Naples, in Otranto, 10 m. S. S. W.
Brindisi.
St. Donaf, t. France, in Drome, 6 m. N. E. Tain.
Pop. 1,600.
St. Edmund'' s Point, cape, Eng. on the coast of
Norfolk, in the German sea. Lon. 0° 28' E. Lat.
52° 58' N.
St. Egreve, t. France', in Isere, 6 m. S. W. Gre-
noble.
St. Elias, mountain on the W. coast of North
America, 17,850 feet above the level of the sea.
Lon. 144° W. Lat 60° 15' N.
St. Enimie, t. France, in Lozere, 10 m. S.
Mende, 9 W, Florae.
St. Erango, t. Naples, in Ban, 15 m. E. Gra-
vina.
St. Erasmo, isl. in the gulf of Venice, 4 m. N, E.
Venice.
S A 1
St. Espain, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, IGip.
S. S. W, Tours. Pop. 2,040.
St. Estevan de Gormas, t. Spain, in Old CastiiC;
on the Duero.
Si. Estevan del Rcy^ t. Chili, 30 m. N. E. La
Conception. Lon, 73" 3' W. Lat. 36" 45' S.
St. Etienne, seigniory, Dorchester co. Lower
Canada, on Chaudiere river, 20 m. S. Quebec.
St. Etienne de Baigorry, t. France, in Lowex-
Pyrenees. Pop. 6,200.
St. Etienne de Furand, t. France in Rhone-and-
Loire. Here is the greatest manufactory of fire-
arms in France. In the neighbourhood are rich
coal-mines. 27 m. S. S. W. Lyons. Lon. 4° 29' E.
Lat. 45" 26' N. Pop. 16,300.
.S7. Etienne de St. Geoirs, i. France, in Isere, 24
m. N. W. Grenoble, Pop. 1,450,
St. Etienne de Montluc, t. France, in Loire In-
ferieure. Pop. 4,120.
St. Eufemia, t. Naples, in Otranto, 2 m. N. N.
E. Alessano.
St. Ei(femia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 60 m.
N. N. E. Reggio. Lon, 16° 30' E, Lat, 39° 2' N,
St. Eustache, v. Lower Canada, 18 m. N. W.
Montreal.
St. Eustatius, or Euslatia, one of the Leeward
Caribbee Islands, in the West Indies. It rises out
of the ocean in the form of a huge pyramidal
rock, and is one of the finest and best cultivated
islands of all the Caribbees. Tobacco is its chiet
product. Pop, 20,000, of whom 15,000 are
blacks. It was taken by the English in 1801, but
restored to the Dutch in 1814. 9 m. N. W. St.
Christopher's, Lon. 63" 5' W. Lat 17^31' N.
St. Fargeau, t. France, in Yonne, 21 m. S, W.
Auxerre, 25 S. W. Joigny. Lon. 3° 10' E. Lat.
47° 38' N.
St. Faustino, t. New Grenada, 40 m, N. Pam-
plona. Lon. 71" 34' W. Lat 6" 55' N.
St. Felice, t. Italy, 17 m. N. N. E. Modena.
St. Felice, t. Spain^ in Leon, 12 m. N. N. W.
Cividad Rodrigo.
St. Felipe, t. Spain, in Valencia, 29 m. S. S. W.
Valencia. Lon. 0° 46' W. Lat. 39" N. Pop,
10,000,
St. Felipe, t. S, America, in Venezuela, 150 m,
W. Caraccas, 45 N. W. Valencia. Lat. 10" 15' N.
Pop. 6,800.
5/. Felipe, t. Mexico, on the Bravo, 40 m. S.
Santa Fe.
5/. Felipe, formerly St. Luis de Maragnon, t.
Brazil, and cap. of the jurisdiction of Maranhao.
Lon. 45° 36' W. Lat. 2° 30' S. Pop, 25,000.
St. Felipe, t. Cuba, 55 m. S, E, Ilavannah.
St. Feliu de Qiiixolo, seaport, Spain, in Catalo-
nia, 50 m. N. E. Barcelona. Lon. 2" 55' E, Lai,
41° 48' N,
St. Feliu, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 11 m. W. Ge-
rona,
St. Felix Isles, 2 isles in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Chili, Lon. 80° W W. Lat. 26° 10' S,
St. Felix, t. Brazil, on the Tocantins, 130 m. N.
E. Villa Boa. Lon. 49° 36' W. Lat. 15° 36' S.
St. Felix de Caramau, t France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 22 m. E, S. E, Toulouse.
St. Ferdinand, t. St. Louis co. Missouri, 14 m.
N. W. St Louis.
St. Ferme, t France, in Gironde, 27 m. S, E,
Bourdeaux.
St. Fernando, t. South America, in Tucuman,
150 m, W. St Jago de Esteros. Lon. 68" 16' W.
Lat 28" S.
S A 1
S A I
St. Fta(kragg, a small isJ. on the W. side of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20° 39' E. Lat. 63" 5^* N.
St. FUippa, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 10 m.
N. Nicotera.
Si. Fiorensa, seaport on the N. coast of the isl-
and of Corsica, 6 m. W. Bastia, Lon. 9P 37' E.
Lat. 42" 35' N. Pop. 1,500.
St. Firming t. France, in Higher Alps, 13 m. N.
Gap.
St. Flaviano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near
the Adriatic, 12 m. N. E. Teramo.
St. Florent, t. France, in Cher, 7 m. S. W.
Bourges.
St. Florent le Vkl, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 19 m. W. S. W. Angers.
St. Florentin, t. France, in Yonne, 24 m. S. S.
W. Troyes, 13 N. N. E. Auxerre. Pop. 3,000.
St. Flour, city, France, in Cantal. It is the see
of a bishop. 50 m. S. Clermont Ferrand. Lon. 3°
10' E. Lat. 45" 2' N. Pop. 5,300.
St. Foy, t. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 5 m. S.
W. Quebec.
St. Foy le Grand, t. France, in Gironde, on the
Dordogne, 36 m. E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0" 18' E.
Lat. 44" 50' N. Pop. 2,830.
St. Framburg, t. Franre, 3 m. S. S. E. Paris.
St. Framondo, t. Naples, in Principato Uitra, 6
m. N. Benevento.
.S^. Francis, r. Africa, which runs into the At-
lantic. Lat. 12" 50' S.
St. Francis, r. Lower Canada, which issues from
a considerable lake of the same name, and flows
into the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at its expan-
sion into lake St. Peter.
St. Francis, r. whicVi rises in Missouri, and after
a southerly course of 500 miles, joins the Missis-
sippi, in Arkansaw Territory. It is navigable
800 miles.
<S^ Francis, t. Arkansaw Territory, on the river
St. Francis. Lat. 35" N.
St. Francisco, i. Florida, 56 m. E. S. E. St.
Mark.
.S^. Francisco, r. Chili, which runs into the Pa-
cific ocean, lat. 52° S.
St. Francisco. See Francisco Rio.
St. Francisco, seaport on the W. coast of North
America. Lon. 237" 52' E. Lat. 37" 48' N.
St. Francisco, seaport, Brazil, in St. Paul. Lat.
26^ 15' S.
<S/. Francisco Bay, bay of the Indian sea, on the
coast of Africa. Lat. 32" 25' S,
St. Francisnlle, p-t. and cap. Feliciana co. Lou-
isiana, on the Mississippi, 30 ra. above Baton
Rouge.
St. Francois, seignory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the
confluence of the St. Francis river, 23 m. S. W.
Three-Rivers.
St. Fulgent, t. France, in Vendee, 9 m. S. S. E.
Montaigu. Pop. 1,650.
St. Gabriel, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Can-
ada, 10 m. W. Quebec.
St. Gall, canton, Switzerland, bounded by Aus-
tria and the cantons of the Grisons, Glarus,
Schweitz, and Zurich. Extent, 1,100 square miles.
Pop. 134,000, of whom three-fifths are Catholics,
and the rest Protestants. The government is
aristo-democratical ; the great council consists of
86 Catholics, and 66 Protestants. It furnishes to
the confederation of Switzerland 2,630 men, and
3,500/. sterhng.
St. Gall, t. Switz. the capital of the above can-
82
ton, is on the Steinach. It is well built, surround-
ed with walls and ditches, antl contains about 9,000
inhabitants, for the most part Protestants. Lo». 9**
21'37"W. Lat. 47" 25' 41" N.
St. Gallim, isl. near the coast of Peru. Lat»
14" S.
St. Oullo, t. Italy, 10 m. N. N. E. Brescia.
St. Galmier, t. France, in Rhone -and-Loire, IS
m. E. Montbrison, 10 N. St. Etienne,
St. Gaudcns, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on
the Garonne, 44 m. S. S. W. Toulouse. Lon. 0"
48' E. Lat. 43" 6' N. Pop. 4,200.
St. Geminiano, t. Tuscany, in Florence, 24 m.
S. Florence. Pop. 2,000.
St. Genest de Malisaut, i. France, in Rhone-and-
Loire, 6 m. S. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,000.
St. Genevieve, t. France, 6 m. W. Paris.
St. Genevieve, t. France, in Aveyron, 27' m. N.
Rhodez. Pop. 1,25a
St. Genevieve, co. Missouri, on the Mississippi.
St. Genevieve, p-t. and cap. St. Genevieve co.
Missouri, is in a handsome plain, on the second
bank of the Mississippi, about 1 mile from the
river, 21 below Herculaneum, 51 S. S. E. St Louis.
It contained in 1817, about 350 houses, an acade-
my, and 8 or 10 stores. It has considerable trade,
being the principal depot of the rich lead mine$
of Missouri, and the store-house whence the uiU
ners draw their supplies.
67. Gengou le Royal, t. France, in Saone-and ;
Loire, 11 m. N.Clunv, 20 N. N. W. Macon.
St. Genies, t. France, in Gard, 9 m, N. W.
Nismes, 10 S.W. Uzes.
St. Genies de Rivedolt, t. France, in Aveyron>
18 m. E. N. E. Rhodez. Lon. 3" 3' E. Lat. M"
28' N. Pop. 3,350.
5/. Genis, t. France, in Lower Charentc, 24 m.
S. Saintes, 12 S. Pons.
St. Genis, t. Savoy, 15 m. W.Chambery.
St. Genis la Val, t. France, 4 m. S. Lyons. Pop.
2,400.
St. Geoire, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. N. W.
Grenoble. Pop. 3,450.
St. Georg, t. Germany, at the conflux of the
Teya and March, 24 m. N. N. E. Presburg. Pop,
2,399.
-S^. Georg, t. Hungary, 7 m. N. N. E. Presbui^.
St. George, the largest of the Bermuda islands,
15 miles long and 3 broad. St. George is also the
name of the capital. Lon. 64" 32' W. Lat. 32°
40' N.
Si. George, t. and cap. of the island of Grenada,
formerly called Fort Royal, possessing one of the
best harbours in the English West Indies, which
has lately been fortified, Lon. 61" 31' W. Lat.
12" 4' N.
67, George, or St. Jorge, one of the Azore islands,
about 10 leagues long and 2 broad. It was rav-
aged by a terrible volcano in 1808. Lon. 28° W.
Lat. 38" 39' N.
67. George, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 20
m. S. S. W. Angers.
St. George, isl. in the.Grecian archipelago, 3 m.
E. Milo.
67. George, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, at
the entrance of the Gulf of Sandarlick. Lon. 26*
42' E. Lat. 38" 48' N.
St. George, isl. near the W. coast of Hindoostao,
4 m. from Goa.
St. George, t. Charlotte co. New Brunswick, OD
Passamaquoddy bay.
St. Georgp, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the E. si^l^
HSO
S A I
S A I
of a river of the same name, at its mouth, adjoin-
ing Thomastown, 38 m. from Wiscasset.
St. George, t. Chittenden co. Vt 8 m. S. E. Bur-
lington. Pop. 68.
. <S/. George, r. Florida, which runs into the St.
John, in Ion. 81° 47' W. lat 30° 35' N.
St. George Cape, and Islands, near the coast of
Florida, opposite the mouth of the Apalachicola.
67. George sur Loire, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 9 m. S. W. Angers. Pop. 2,350.
St. George d' Orque, t. France, 4 m. VV. Montpe-
lier.
St. Georges des Sept Votes, t. France, in Maine-
and Loire, 2 m. W. Roziers. Pop. 2,320.
St. George'' s Channel, that part of the Atlantic
ocean which lies between Ireland and Wales.
<S/. George'' s, p-t. New Castle co. Del. Pop. of
St. George's hundred 2,880.
St. George'' s, r. St. Mary's co. Md. which runs
into the Potomac, between Piney point and St.
Mary's river. Opposite its mouth is the island of
St. George.
St. George's bank, fishing bank off the coast of
Mass. It extends between lat. 41° 15' and 42° 22'
iV. and between Ion. 67° 50' and 68° 40' W.
St. George d''Albora, isl. in the Grecian Archi-
pelago. Lon. 23°20'E. Lat. 37" 28' N.
-S^ Georgen am See, t. Bavarian states, h m- N.
N. E. Bavreuth.
St. Germain, t. France in Aube, 3 m. S. W.
Troyes.
St. Germain, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 52 m. S. W.
Exeter. Pop. 2,139.
St. Germain, r. Illinois, which runs into the
Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison.
St. Germain les Belles Filles, t. France, in Up-
per Vienne, 16 m. S. S. E. Limoges. Pop. 2,050.
St. Germain Lambrons, t. France, in Puy de
Dome, 12 m. W. N. W. Brioud, 6 S. Issoire.
67. Germain en Laye, t. France, in Seine -and-
Oise, on the Seine. 'The forest in the vicinity is
one of the largest and finest in the kingdom. 12
m. W. Paris. Lon. 2° 10' E. Lat. 48° 54' N. Pop.
9,000.
St. Germain du Plain, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 6 m. S. E. Chalons-sur-Saone.
St. Germano, t. Naples, in Lavora, 48 m. N. N.
W. Naples. Lon. 13° 45 'E. Lat. 41° 33' N. Pop.
3,000.
St. Germano, t. Popedom, 13 m. E. N. E. Ur-
bino.
St. Germano, t. Piedmont, 4 m. E. St. Ja. Pop.
2,600.
St. Germano, t. on the W. coast of the island of
Porto Rico. Lon. 67° 40' W. Lat. 1 8° 20' N.
St. Germans, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 8 m. W. Ply-
mouth. Lon. 4° 10' W. Lat. 50° 25' N.
67. Gervais, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 9 m. S.
Montagu. Pop. 2,200.
St. Gervais, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can-
ada, 18 m. S. E. Quebec.
St. Gervaso, t. Italy, 15 m. S. Brescia.
67. Gery, t. France, in Lot, 5 m. N. W. Cahors.
St. Giacamo, Cape, Naples, in the Gulf of Ta-
lento. Lon. 17° 13' E. Lat. 39° 39' N.
St. Giaromo, t. Italy, 3 m. S. Verona.
St. Gilles, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, 18 m. S. Quebec.
St. Gilles les Boucheries, t. France, in Gard, 10
m. S. S. E. Nimes, 9 W. Aries. Pop. 5,050.
67. Gilles sur Fie, s-p. France, in Vendee, 9 m.
d. Challans.
St. Gillian, or St. Guislain. or St. Ghrslain, *.
Nellierlands. It is considered the Key of Mans
10 m. E. Conde, 3 W, Mons.
67. Gingo, or Gingoux, or Gingoulp, t. partly
in Savoy and partly in Switzerland, on the lake of
Geneva, 6 m. S. by W. Vevay.
St. Giorgio, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. W. Chirasso.
Pop. 6,000.
67. Giorgio, t. Naples, in Otranto, 4 m. E.
Tarento.
6/. Giorgio, t. Naples, in Otranto, 3 m. N. N.W.
Nardo.
67. Giorgio, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 3 m.
S. E. Benevento. Pop. 6,000.
St. Giorgio, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, G
m. S. E. Verona.
67. Giorgio, t. Italy, 11 m. N. Bologna.
St. Giovanni, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Piacenza.
St. Giovanni Rotondo, t. Naples, in Capitanata ,
10 m. N. W. Manfredonia. Pop. 4,500.
St. Girons, t. France, in Arriege, 21 m. W. Ta-
rascon, 42 S. Toulouse. Lon. 1° 13' E. Lat. 42"
a9'N.
St. Giuliano, t. Naples, in Otranto, 17 m. S. S.
W. Brindisi.
St. Giuliano, t. Italy, 7 m. S. E. Milan.
6/. Goar, or 67. Gower, t. Prussian states, on the
west side of the Rhine, 16 m. S. Coblentz, 46 E.
N.E. Treves. Lon. 7° 43' E. Lat. 50° 8' N.
67. Gobin, t. France, in Aisne, celebrated for
its manufacture of looking-glasses, some of which
are cast of an immense size. 4 m. S. La Fere, 6
E. Chauny.
St. Oondon, t. France, in Loiret, 28 m. S. E. Or-
leans.
St. Gonsalvo, t. Brazil, in St. Salvador, 40 m.
W. Sergipo.
St. Gothard, a chain of mountains of Switzer-
land, in the canton of Uri, the summit of which i?
Baid to be 9,075 feet above the level of the sea.
St. Gowen'sHead, cape on the S. coast of Wales,
in Pembroke. Lon. 5° W. Lat. 51° 33' N.
St. Gregorio, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, »
m. N. W. Cangiano.
St. Guillaume, t. France, in Isere, 15 m. S.
Grenoble.
6/. Heand, t. France, in Rhone-and-Loire, 27
m. S. W. Lyons. Pop. 2,700.
St. Helena, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, detached
from any group, 600 m. from Ascension island, the
nearest land; 1,200 from the coast of Africa, and
1,800 from S. America. Since 1815, the island
has attracted attention as the prison of Napoleon
Bonaparte. Since that time every thing has been
arranged with a primary view to his secure custo-
dy ; a governor has been appointed, whose princi-
pal office is to watch over his illustrious captive ;
and commissioners have, with the same view, been
sent by the other allied powers to reside there.
The access allowed to India ships has also been
limited, in order to prevent any danger which
might arise from the intercourse of strangers. St.
Helena is lOi miles long, by 6| broad, and about
28 in circumference. It presents to the sea,
throughout its whole circuit, nothing but an im-
mense wall of perpendicular rock, from 600 to
1,200 feet high, like a castle in the midst of the
ocean. Its aspect is still more bleak and dreary
than that of Ascension. In the interior, however,
are a number of fertile and beautiful vallies. The
loftiest eminence, called Diana's peak, situated
nearly in the centre of the island, is 2,700 feet
above the level of the sea. There are only four
openings in the great wall of rock which surrountl«
S A I
ihe island, by which it can be approached with
facility. These are strongly fortified. The cli-
mate of St. Helena is temperate and agreeable.
In the course of a year the thermometer at Plan-
tation house varied only from 61 to 73 degrees.
Governor Beatson estimates that there are in the
island 6,000 acres covered with soil, of which be-
tween 2,000 and 3,000 are fit for the plough. In
1809, the island contained 1,811 sheep, and 2,887
goats. The advantage of St. Helena as a place
of refreshment is confined exclusively to the re-
turning East India ships. Ships going out to India
cannot maice St. Helena. Lon. 5" 49' W. Lat. 15°
5'S.
Si. Helena, isl. off the coast of S. C. 13 miles
long and 3 broad. Between the island and the
mamland is St. Helena sound. Lon. 80° 36' W.
Lat. 32" 23' N.
at, Helena, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. com-
prising the islands Port royal, St. Helena, and
the adjacent smaller islands. Pop. in 1800,
2,970.
St. Helena, parish, Louisiana, on the N. side
of the Ibberville, bounded E. by St. Tammany
parish.
St. Helena, p-t. St. Helena parish, Louisiana.
St. Helen'' s, road, in the English channel, on the
N. coast of the Isle of Wight, which serves as a
rendezvous for tlie British navy.
St. Helier, t. and cap. of the island of Jersey, on
the E. side of the bay of St. Aubin, 4 m. E. St. Au-
bin. Lon. T 8' W. Lat. 48° 38' N. Pop. 6,460.
St. Hermogenes, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
152° W. Lat. 58" 20' N.
St. Hernin, t. France, in Finisterre, 4 m. S. W.
Carhaix.
St. Hilaire, t. France, 7 m. S. E. Paris.
67. Hilaire, t. France, in Channel, 9 m. S. E.
Mortain.
St. Hilaire, t. France, in Aude, 6 m. N. E. Li-
moux, 9 S. Carcassonne.
St. Hubert, t. Netherlands, 40 m. S. E. Namur.
Pop. 1,300. Lon. 5° 27' E. Lat. 50° 1' N.
St. Hyacinthe, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower
Canada, 23 m. E. Montreal.
St. Hi/polite, t. France, in Aveiron, 24 m. N.
Rhodez.
57. Hypolite, t. France, in Doubs, 4 m. N. E.
Besan^on. Lon. 6° 33' E. Lat. 47° 19' N. Pop.
3,000.
67. Hypolite, t. France, in Card, 34 m. W. N.W.
Nimes.' Lon. 3° 56' E. Lat. 43° 58' N. Pop.
5,100.
St. Hypolite, i. France, in Upper Rhine, 9 m.
N. Colmar. Pop. 1,700.
67. Ja, or 67. Ya, or 67. Agatha, t. Piedmont, on
the Naviglio, 18 m. E. Ivrea. Lon. 8° 8' E. Lat.
45" 22' N.
St. Jacques, t. France, in North Coasts, 14 m.
N. W. St. Brieuc.
67. Jugo de Veragua, t. Mexico, and cap. of Ve-
ragua, 1 10 m. S. W. Porto Bello. Lon. 81° 46' W.
Lat. 8° 40' N.
67. Jago, city and cap. of Chili, situated in a
beautiful plain, on the S. shore of the river Ma-
pocho. It contains a royal university, cathedral,
mint, and other public buildings, and has an ex-
tensive commerce. Its port is Valparaiso. 75 m.
S. E. Valparaiso, Lon. 76° 46' W. Lat. 33° 30' S.
Pop. 46,000.
St. Jago, one of the largest of the Cape de Verd
islands. It is about 60 miles in circumference,
fertile and well cultivated. The chief towns are
S A I
65i
St. Jago and Praya. Lon. 23° 40' W. Lat. 15°
4'N.
67. Jago, s-p. and once the cap. of the island of
St. Jago, and of all the Cape de Verd Islands, and
see of a bishop. The trade and seat of govern-
ment are now transferred to Porto Praya, 7 m. to
the N. E. and St. Jago is almost deserted.
67. Jago, t. Cuba, near the S. coast, with a
good harbour. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 75"*
32' W. Lat. 20° 15' N.
St. Jago de Compostella. See Compostella.
St. Jago del Estero, t. Buenos Ayres, on the
Dolce, 226 m. S. Salta. Lon. 63° 5' W. Lat 27'
46' N.
St. James, isl. with a fort, about 25 miles from
the mouth of the Gambia.
6;. James, t. France, in the Channel, 9 m. S..
Avranches. Pop. 2,500.
St. James, parish, Charleston district, S. C. on
the S. side of the Santee, 40 m. N. N. E. Charles-
ton.
St. Janni, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Naples. Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat. 39° 59' N.
St. Jaques, or St. Jacob, v. Switzerland, 1 m. E.
Bale.
St. Jean, fief, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada,
30 m. N. W. Three-Rivers.
St. Jean d''Angeli, t. France, in Lower Cha-
rente, 17 m. N. Saintes. Lon. 0° 25' W. Lat. 45"
59' N. Pop. 5,400.
St. Jean d''Avela, t. France, in Isere, 21 m. N»
N. W. Grenoble.
67. Jea7i des Baissants, t. France, in Channel,.
4 m. S. St. Lo.
St. Jean de Boumay, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. E,
Vienne. Pop. 2,900.
St. Jean de Braye, t. France, in Loiret, 3 m. E.
Orleans.
St. Jean de Brcuil, t. France, in Aveyron, 12 m.
E. S. E. Milhau. Pop. 2,150.
St. Jean de Cardonnet, t. France, in Lower
Seine, 6 m. N. W. Rouen.
67, Jean de port Joli, seigniory, Devon co. Low-
er Canada, on the S. side of the St Lawrence, 49
m. N. E. Quebec.
St. Jean de Gardonncnque, t. France, in Gard,
27 m. N. W. Nismes. Pop. 3,200.
St. Jean de Losne, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 15
m. S. E. Dijon. Lon. 5° 19' E. Lat. 47" 3' N.
6/. .Teande Lus, seaport, France, in Lower Py-
renees, 10 m. S. W. Bayonne. Lon. 1° 33' W.
Lat. 43° 23' N. Pop. 2,300.
St. Jean de Maurienne, t. Savoy. 27 m. S. E.
Chambery. Lon. 6° 16' E. Lat. 45° 16' N. Pop.
2,400.
St. Jean du Mont, t. France, in Vendee, 7 m.
W. S. W. Challans.
67. Jean Pied de Port, t. France, in Lower Py-
renees, with a citadel built on a rock, which com-
mands the great road over the Pyrenees. 12 m.
S. E. Bayonne. Lon. 1° 10' W. Lat. 43° 9' N.
Pop. 1,500.
St. Jean de Vertus, t. France, in Isere, 24 m. S.
S. E. Grenoble.
67. Jeromes Channel, inlet in the straits of Ma-
gellan.
67. Jerom's Point, cape on the coast of Patago-
nia, in the straits of Magellan.
67. Ig7iace, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Cana-
da, 8 m. N. W. Quebec.
67. Ignatio, t. Paraguay, 40 m. S. E. Assump-
tion.
St. Ignatio, t. Paraguay, 120 m. S. Assumption.
S A I
S A I
JSl. Ildefonso, L Spain, in 01d€astile, contaming
a royal palace, 6 m. S. Segovia, 40 N. by W. Ma-
Aid. Pop. 4,300.
St. Ildefonso' s Islands, near the S. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 73° 46' W. Lat. 55" 53' S.
SL Inigoes, p-t. St. Marys co. Md.
St. Joachim, parish, in Cote de Beaupre seign-
iory. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 22 m.
iSf.E. Quebec.
St. Joao, or Angra, r. Africa, which runs into
the Atlantic, in lat. 1° N.
St. Joao de Monte, t Portugal, in Beira, 12 m.
W. S. W. St. Viseu.
St. Joao de Pesqueira, t. Portugal, in Beira, ou
the Duero, 21 m. E. S. E. Lamego. Lon. 7° 1' W.
Lat. 41° 1' N.
St. Joao del Rey, i. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 80
m. S. W. Villarica.
St. Job, t. Hungary, 24 m. S. E. Dcbreczin.
Si. John, one of the Virgin islands, in the W.
Indies, 12 leagues E. Porto Rico. Lon. 64" 32'
W. Lat. 18" 7' N.
St. John, seaport on the W. coast of the island
of Antigua. Lon. 62'M' W. Lat. 17" 4'N.
iS^ John, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
s«a. Lat. srao's.
St. John, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, lat 19"aO'N.
St. John, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 153°
50' E. Lat 4° S.
St. John, cape, the E. point of Staten island.
Lon. 64° 7' W. Lat. 54° 46' N.
St. John, seftport on the S. E. coast of the island
of Tinos. Lon. 25° 15' E. Lat. 37° 32' N.
St. John, or Prince Edward^ s Island, isl. in the
gulf of St. Lawrence, to the W. of the island of
Cape Breton, and N. of Nova Scotia, about 100
miles long, and 30 in its mean breadth. It for-
merly belonged to the French. Charlotte's Town
is the capital. Lon. 63° W. Lat 46° 20' N. Pop.
5,000.
St. John, or Fort St. John, t and fort, Canada,
oin tlie W, side of the river Chamblee, 20 m. S. E.
Montreal, Lat 45^ 19' N, The British naval
force on lake Chaniplain had its principal station
here during the late war.
67. Johns, r. which rises in Maine, a litUe north
of Chesuncook lake, and after passing through 3
great lakes, runs north-east for some distance,
and then turning to the south-east enteis New
Brunswick, and empties into the bay of Fundy.
With the exception' of two short portages, it is
navigable for boats from its mouth to its source, a
distance of more than 300 miles.
Si. Johns, CO. New Brunswick, on the bay of
Fundy.
»' St. John's, city, New Brunswick, at the mouth of
the river St. Johns. It is on elevated ground,
handsomely laid out, and contains 5 churches, 1
each for Episcopalians, Scotch, Methodists, Bap-
tists, and Roman Catholics; and a city hall. The
tides rise here at times more than 30 feet, and the
harbor is open for navigation throughout the year.
St. John's, the capital of Newfoundland, is on
the S.-E. coast of the island. In 1815, it contain-
ed about 12,000 inhabitant. In February 1816,
a dreadful fire destroyed 117 houses. In Novem-
ber 1817, two still more dreadful conflagrations
laid waste nearly the whole of the town. Not less
than half a million sterling of property was de-
stroyed in a few hours. Lat. 47" 35' N.
St. John's, r. the principal river of East Fiori-
da. Its sources have not been exactly ascertained,
but are supposed to be between lat 26° and ^° N.
It runs north parallel with the Atlantic coast, ex-
panding into several lakes, particularly lake
George, which is 20 miles long and 15 wide, and
embosoms several islands. Within 20 miles of its
mouth, the river turns to tiie east, and falls into
tile Atlantic, near lat. 30" N. 36 m. S. St Mary's.
Its wtiole length is about 300 miles, and it is nav-
igable for vessels which can pass the bar at its
mouth, for 150 miles, to lake George. The bar
has 9 feet of water at low tide, and there is good
anchorage outside of the bar for large vessels. —
The lauds on this river are very fertile, and nu-
merous settlements extend along its banks.
St. Johns, r. Missouri, which flows into the S.
side of the Missouri, E. of Gasconade river.
St. John's Cape, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast
of the bay of Donegal, 14 m. W. Donegal. Lon.
8° 20' W. Lat. 54° 34' N.
St. John's Lake, lake of Canada, 108 m. N. N.
W. Quebec. Lon. 72° 25' W. Lat. 48° 25' N.
St. John's, r. which runs into the St. Lawrence,
in ion. 64° 10' W. Lat. 50° 20' N.
St. Johnsburg, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt 31 m. N.E.
Montpelier. Pop. 1,330.
St. Johnstown, t. Ireland, 6 m. N. E. Longford.
St. Johnsloion, t Ireland, 6 m. S. S. W. London-
derry.
St. Jorge, t. Brazil, on the coast. Lon. 22° 40'
W. Lat l4"4o'S.
St. Josef, t. Cuba, 125 m. W. S. W. Havanna.
St. Josef, t. California, 45 m. S. Loreto. Lon.
109" 48' W. Lat 23° 4' N.
St. Josef, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Patagonia. Lat. 44° 30' S.
St. Josef, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 27 m.
N. W. Santa Fc.
St. Joseph, t Africa, in Galam, ou the Senegal,
10 m. E. S. E. Galam.
St. Joseph, seigniory, Buckingham and Dor-
chester counties. Lower Canada, on Chaudiere
river, 33 m. S. E. Quebec.
St. Josephs, isl. in the straits of St. Mary's
which connect lake Superior with lake Huron. It
is about 75 miles in circumference, and is separa-
ted by a channel from Drummond's island at the
mouth of the river. On the S. point of the island
is the site of a British fort destroyed during the
late war, and near it an establishment of the N.
W. fur company.
St. Joseph's, r. Indiana, which joins the St Ma-
ry's, at Fort Wayne, to form Maumee river.
St. Joseph's, r. Michigan Territory, which rises
near the sources of Maumee river, and flows into
lake Michigan, near its S. extremity. It greatly
facilitates the trade between Detroit and Chicago.
St. Joseph, t. Florida, in a bay of the gulf of
Mexico, to which it gives name. Lon. 85° 34' W.
Lat 29° 48' N.
St. Jouan de I' Isle, t. France, in North coasts,
24 m. S. St. Malo. Lon. 2° 29' W. Lat 48° 12' N.
St.Joze, t. Brazil, on the Tapajos, 45 m. S.
Pauxis.
St. Jose, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 80 m. S. W.
Villarica.
St. Joze, t Brazil, in Goyas, 75 m. E. N. E.
Villa Boa.
St. Isabella, t. Brazil, 180 m. N. E. St Salvador.
Latino's.
St. Juan, seaport, Guatimala, in Nicaragua, 30
m. S, E. Leon. Lon. 87° 38' W. Lat 12° W N.
iJA «-.»••. 'It: ,«tf.:«.
'.«*; -^iii: r:^ ,^m *mm
S A I
S A I
653
'Si. Juan, t. East Florida, 12 m, N. St. Mark.
Si. Juan Batista, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
149" W. Lat. 26" S.
St, JuandeBitenavista, t. Cuba, on the N. coast.
I. on. 77^^ 57' W. Lat. 22" 2' N.
St. Juan de hs Remedies, t. Cuba, on the N.
coast. Lon. 79" 1 1' W. Lat. 22° 30' N.
St. Juan de Porto Rico, t. and cap. of the island
of Porto Rico, on the N. coast of the island, with
a good harbor, defended by a citadel. Lon. 66"
20' W. Lat. 18" 30' N.
St. Juan d^Ulua, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, at
the mouth of the river Vera Cruz. Here is a for-
tress to defend the entrance into the harbor of Ve-
ra Cruz.
St. Jves, seajwrt and borough, England, in Corn-
wall. It sends 2 members to parliament. 22 m.
N. W. Falmouth, 276 W. S. W. London. Lon. 5"
20' W. Lat. 50" 14' N. Pop. 4,078.
St. Ives, t. Eng. in Huntingdonshire, on the
Ouse, 7 m. E. Huntingdon, 59 N. London. Lat.
52° IT N. Pop. 2,426.
St. Julia de Orascapou, t. France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 21 m. E. S. E. Toulouse.
St. Julien''s Bay, a large bay on the E. coast of
Patagonia. Lat. 49" 10' S.
St. Julien, t. France, 9 m. N. N. E. Dijon.
St. Julien du Sauli, t. France, in Yonne, 10 m.
S. Sens.
St. Julien de Fouvantcs, t. France, 30 m. N. N.
E. Nantes.
St. Jwnien, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 15 m.
W.Limoges. Lon.0"59'E. Lat. 45" 53' N. Pop.
6,000.
St. Just, t. England, in Cornwall, 7 m. W. Pen-
zance.
St. Just, t. France, in Oise, 9 m. N. Clermont.
St. Just, t. France, in Aveyron, 6 m. S. S. E.
Sauveterre.
St. Justin, t. France, in Landes, 12 m. N. E.
Pont de Marsan.
St. Kiffi, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon,
24"10'E. Lat. 38" 43' N.
St. Kilda, isl. of the Hebrides, which gives
name to a group. It is 3 miles long and 2 broad.
60 m. W. S. W. Harris, 15 W, N. W. the north
point of South Uist. Lon. 8" 18' W. Lat. 55" 48'
N. Pop. in 1818, 108.
St. Kinosa, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon.
25"34'E. Lat. 36° 53' N.
St. Kitts. See St. Christopher.
St. Lambrecht, t. Bavarian province of the
Rhine, near Neustadt. Pop. 1,000.
St. Laurence, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Russia. Lon. 188" 18' E. Lat. 63" 48' N.
St. Laurent, t. France, 7 m. N. Rouen.
St. Laurent sur Othain, t. France, in Meuse, 12
01. N. Estain.
St. Laurent de la Salanque, t. France, in East
Pyrenees, 7 m. N. E. Perpignan.
St. Lawrence, r. one of the largest rivers of N.
America, which rises near the sources of the Mis-
sissippi, and passing through the great lakes Supe-
rior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, falls into the
gulf of St. Lawrence by a mouth 90 miles wide.
hi different parts of its course it is known by dif-
ferent names. From the sea to Montreal it is call-
ed the St. Lawrence ; from Montreal to Kingston,
the Cataraqui or Iroquois ; betAveen lake Ontario
and lake Erie, Niagara river ; between lake Erie
and lake St. Clair, the Detroit; between lake St.
Clair and lake Huron, the river St. Clair ; be
twecn, lake Huron and lake Superior, the straits
of St. Mary, fonning thus an uninterrupted con-
nection for 2,000 miles. It is navigable for ships
of the line 400 miles, to Quebec, and for ships
drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 580 miles.
<S7. Lawrence, Gulf of, a gulf at the mouth of
the river St. Lawrence, inclosed between New-
foundland, Labrador, Canada, New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, and the island of Cape Breton. It
is 350 miles long and 150 broad. Lon. 57" to 65"
W. Lai. 47° 51' N.
St. Lawrence, co. N, Y. Pop. 7,894. Chief
town, Ogdensburg.
St. Lazaro, t. New Mexico, 50 m. S. Santa Fe.
St. Leger, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 15 m.
N. W. Dourdan, 24 S. W. Paris.
St. Leger sur d''Heune,t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 9 m.. N. W. Chalons sur Saone.
St. Leo,t. Italy, in the Popedom, 12 m. N. N. VV.
Urbino. Lon. 10° 20' Lat. 43" 55' N, It is the see
of a bishop.
St. Leonard, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 10 m.
E. Limoges. Pop. 4,800. Lon. 1° 34' E. Lat. 45"
50' N.
St. Leonards, p-t. Calvert co. Md.
St. Leone, t. Sicily, 6 m. S. E. Girgenti.
St.Leonbard, t. Austrian Ulyria, on the river
Lavant, 104 m. W. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 14" 27'
E. Lat. 46° 53' N.
St. Leven's Point, cape on the S. W. coast of
England, near the Land's End. Lon. 5° 41 W.
Lat. 50" 4' N.
•S7. Liebault, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. W.
Troyes.
iS7. Lizier, t. France, in Arriege, 2 m. N. St-
Girons. Lon. 1" 13' E. Lat. 43" N. Pop. 1,100.
St. Llorens, t Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Sol-
sona.
St. Lo, t. France, dep. of the Channel, on the
Vire, 3^ posts E. Coutance*. Lon. 1" 1' W. Lat.
49" 7' N. Pop. 7,000.
St. Lorenzo, t. Paraguay, 270 m. S. E. Assump-
tion.
St. Lotiero, t. Naplee, in Principato Ultra, 15 m
E. N. E. Benevento.
St. Loubes, t. France, in Gironde, 1^ m. N. E.
Bourdeaux. Pop. 2,400.
-S7, Louis, isl. at the mouth of the river Senegal,
on the W. coast of Africa, occupied by the French.
Lon. 16" 8' W. Lat. 16" N.
67. Louis, s-p. on the S. coast of Hispaniola,
220 m. W. St. Dcrtningo. Lon. 74° 19' W. Lat. 18"
16' N.
St. Louis, seigniory, Huntingdon Co. Lower
Canada, on the S?*ide of the St. Lawrence, 8 m. S.
Montreal.
Si. Louis, CO. Missouri, on the S. side of the riv-
er Missouri, at its junction with the Mississippi,
67. Louis, p-t. and cap. St. Louis co. Missouri,
stands on the W. side of the Mississippi, 18 m. be-
low the mouth ofthe Missouri,35 below the mouth of
the Illinois, 200 above themouthof the Ohio, 1,200
above New Orleans, 50 N. N. W. Kaskaskia, 18 S.
W. Edwardsville. The bank of the river ascends
gradually from the landing to the rear of the town,
where it terminates in a plain which extends for
15 miles around, and consists of a stratum of rich
alhnial soil, bottomed on limestone rock. The
houses areprincipally builton three parallel streets, ^
which extend more than 2 miles along the river,
and rise each above the other.
No inland town in the world is more advanta-
geously situated for commerce than St. Louis. It
is near the point where several of the largest riv-
654
S A I
ers in America unite their waters. It is the nat-
ural depot for the vast and fertile regfions watered
by the Missouri, the Upper Mississippi, the Illi-
nois, and their numerous tributaries, rivers which
traverse the continent for thoOsands of miles in va-
rious directions, and along whose banks the tide
of population is now rolling with unexampled
rapidity. Measures have already been taken by
the government of the U. States to divert the fur
trade of the north-west regions and the Upper
Missouri, which has been heretofore engrossed by
British traders, and carried on through the lakes
and Montreal, into its natural channels, the Mis-
."isippi and Missouri, and whenever it is accom-
plished, St. Louis will be the centre of this profit-
able commerce. Intercourse by steam-boats is
how constantly maintained with the towns on the
Ohio and Mississippi, particularly with New Or-
leans.
St. Louis contains a court-house, jail, museum,
theatre, land-office, 2 banks, 3 houses of public
worship, 1 brewery, 2 distilleries, and several
mills and manufacturing establishments. The
town is now in a state of very rapid improvement.
Pop. in 1816, 2,000 ; in 1820, 4,598. Lat. 38° 36'
N. Lon. 89° 38' W.
St. Louis, r. N. W. Territory, which flows into
the W. end of Lake Superior. It is 150 yards wide
ot its mouth.
St. Louis bay. See Shieldsborough.
St. Louis de Maranham. See Maranham.
St. Louis, {Lake of,) a lake of Canada, at the
junction of the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence.
St. Loup, t. France, in Two Sevres, 9 m. N. N.
E. Partenay. Pop. 1,650.
St. Loup, t. France, in Upper Saone, 6 m. N.
W. Luxeuil. Pop. 1,900.
St. Lucar de Barrameda, s-p. Spain, in Seville,
at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, with a good
harbour, but difficult of access. In the road a
whole fleet may lie with safety. It is the key of
Seville. The chief trade is in salt 13 ra. N. Ca-
diz, 34 S. S. VV. Seville. Lon. 6" 27' W. Lat. 36°
45' N. Pop. 16,000.
St. Lucar de Guadiana, fortified t. Spain, in Se-
ville, on the Guadiana, 64 m. W. Seville. Lon.
T 25' W. Lat. 37° 30' N. Pop. 2,800.
<S/. Lucar la Mayor, t. Spain, 10 m. W. Seville.
St. Lucas, Cape, the S. point of the peninsula of
California. Lat. 24° 53' N.
St. Lu^e, a cluster of small islands in the Indian
sea, near the E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 47°
40' E. Lat. 24° 30' S.
iS^. Lucia, t. Sicily, 7 m. N. Messina.
St. Lucia, one of the Cape Verd islands. Lou.
24° 30' W. Lat. 16° 46' N.
St. Lucia, t.*Buenos Ayres, 140 m. N. Santa Pe.
St. Lucia, t. Brasil, in Goyas, on the Tocantins,
290 m. N. N. E. Villaboa. Lat. 12° 20' S.
St. Lucia, t. Buenoe Ayres, on the Parana, 1 10
m. S. Corrientes.
«S/. Lucia, t. Pern, 50 m. S. E. Arequipa.
St. Lucia, t. Quito, 35 m. N. N. W. Guaya-
quil.
St. Luciensteig, a narrow pass from the country
of the Grisons in Germany, 3 m. N. Meyenfeld.
St. Lucio, t. Tuscany, 14 m. E. S. E. Leghorn.
St. Luis, t. Buenos Ayres, 130 m. S. W. Cordo-
va. Lon. 67° 12' W. Lat. 32° 10' S.
St. Luis de Maranon. See St. Felipe.
St. Luis de Potest, city, Mexico, in the midst of
rich gold mines. 190 m. N. N. W. Mexico. Loo*
103° 6' W. Lat. 22° 25' N.
S A I
St. Luis dt Zacatecas, t. Mexice, cap. of Zaca
tecas, and see of a bishop, 240) m. N. N. W. Mex-
ico. Lon. 103" 46' W. Lat. 22° 50' N.
St. Lys, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m. g.
E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,200.
St. Macaire, t. France, in Gironde, on the Ga-
ronne, 24 m.S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,800.
St. Marcarius,{Desert of,) in Egypt, 50 m. N. N.
W. Cairo.
St. Maixent, t. France, in Two Sevres, 22 m.
W. S. W. Poitiers. Lon. 0° 7' W. Lat. 46° 25' N.
It has manufiictures of cotton caps and stockings.
Pop. 5,000.
St. Maxima, isl. of Russia, in the Frozen sea,
Lon. 133° 34' E. Lat. 71° 20' N.
5/. Malo, s-p. France, in Ule-and-Vilaine, ou
the island of Arron, joined to the continent by a
mole, at the head of which is a strong fort. The
harbour is large, and well frequented. 45 m. N.
Rennes, 225 W. Paris. Lon. 1° 56' W. Lat 48^
38' N. Pop. 10,000.
St. Mamef, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. N. W.
Nismes.
St. Mande, isl. in the English channel, near the
coast of France. Lon. 2" 59' W. Lat. 48° 51' N.
St. Marcel, t France, in Indre, 13 m. S. S. W.
Chateauroux
St. Marcel, t. France, in Ardeche, 24 m. S. Pri'-
vas, 4 N. St. Esprit.
67. Marcel, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 3 nj.
S. E. Clialons.
iS^ Marcel, t. France, 5 m. E. Marseilles.
St. Marcellin, t Fi-ance, in Loire, 9 m. S. S. E.
Montbrison, 10 W. N. W. St. Etienne. Pop.
1,500.
St. Marcellin, t. France, in Isere, 13 m. N. E.
Romans, 30 S. E. Vienna. Lon. 5° 27' E. Lat 45°
9' IV. Pop. 3,100.
St. Marco, cape on the W. coast of Sardinia
Lat. 39° 52' N. «
St. Marco, cape on the S. coast of Sicily. Lon.
13° 5' E.
St. Marco, t. Naples, in Otranto, 5 m. N. Lecce.
St. Marco, t. Naples, 12 m. N. N. E. Bene-
vento.
iS^ Marco, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m.
W. N. W. Bisignano. It is the see of a bishop.
Pop. 7,200.
St. Marco, t. Sicily, in the valley of Demona, 15
m. W.Patti. Pop. 3,000.
St. Marco, small island near the coast of Istria.
Lon. 13° 53' E. Lat. 44° 4' N.
St. Marcouf, two islands in the English channel,
aboHt 7 m. S. E. La Hogue. Lon. 1° 4' W. Lat.
49°31'N.
St. Marga, isl. of Hungary, in the Danube, 10
m. S. Buda.
St. Margaret, r. Canada, which runs into the
Saguenny, in lon. 69° 36' W. Lat. 48° 20' N.
67. Margaret'' s Bay, bay in the English chanr
nel, on the coast of Kent, 5 m. N. N. E. Dover.
67. Marguerite Island, isl. in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of France. Lon. 7° 7' E. Lat. 43^
31' N.
St. Marguerite, seigniory, St Maurice co. Low-
er Canada, on the St. Lawrence. It contains the
town of Three- Rivers.
St. Maria, Cape, the S. point of Portugal, is aa
island in lon. 7° 47' W. lat 36° 55' N.
67. Maria, t. Naples, 37 m. W. Naples.
6/. Maria, s-p. Sardinian states, in the gulf of
Spezza. Lon,&"42'E.Lat44"6^JS,
S A I
St. Maria, small isl.- near the coast of Chili.
Lat.37M0'S.
,S/. Maria, t. Mexico, 32 m. S. St. Liiis de Po-
tosi.
St. Maria, Cape, at the W. extremity of the isl-
and of Flispaniola.
St. Maria la Gorta, isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 149"W. Lat.27°30'N.
St. Maria di Leiicn, t. Naples, in Otranto, on the
sea coast, 18 m. S. Otranto.
St. Maria de Iguazu,i. Paraguay, 200 ra. E. As-
sumption.
67. Maria deDarien, t. S. America, cap.ofDa-
rien, on a river which runs into the bay of Pa-
nama. Lou. 78" W. Lat. 8° 4' N.
St. Maria del Gracia, t. Tuscany, 31 m. E. Flo-
rence.
5/. Marie, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 2 m.
W. Oleron.
St. Marie, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the St Lawrence, 21 m. N. E. Three-
Rivers.
St. Marie, seigniory, Buckingham and Dorches-
ter cos. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere, 25 m. S.
Quebec.
St. Marie de la Mer, t. France, in Eastern Py-
renees, near the coast, 9 m. E. N. E. Perpig-
nan.
St. Marie aux Mines, t. France, in Upper Rhine,
9 m. E. St. Diey. Here are manufactures of cot-
ton and linen. Pop. 4,000.
St. Maries, {La,) t. France, in the Mouths-of-
the-Rhone, 16 m. S. Aries. Lon. 5° 31' E. Lat.
43° 27' N.
<SY. Maries, r, Illinois, which runs into the E.
side of the Wabash, 18 m. above Vincennes.
67. Marinha, t, Portugal, 20 m. S. E. Oporto.
St. Marino, a small but independent republic in
the N. E. of Italy, surrounded on all sides by the
Papal dominions. It consists only of a mountain
2,000 feet in height, with a small tract lying along
its base ; the extent of the whole not exceeding 40
square miles. Pop. 7,000.
67. Marino, the capital of the above republic,
stands on the side of the mountain,and has 5 church-
es, 3 convents, and 3 small castles. 12 m. S. W.
Rimini. Lon. 12° 24' E. Lat. 42° 56' N. Pop.
6,000.
St. Mark, i. Hispaniola, in a bay on the W,
coast, 41 m. N. W. Port au Prince, 53 S. W. Cape
Francois. Lon. 72° 42' W. Lat. 19° 18' N.
St. MarWs r. which rises in Georgia, and pass-
itig into Florida, meets the sea in Appalachy bay.
67. Mars, i. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 9 m.
W. Tours.
67. Martha, s-p. cap. of a province of the same
name, in New Grenada, with a fine harbour, 100
m. N, E. Carthagena. Lon. 74° 8' W. Lat. 11°
30' N.
St. Marlha, province, New Grenada, bounded
on the N. by the Spanish Main, E. by Rio de la
Hacha, S. by Santa Fe, and W. by Carthagena.
St, Martin, t. France, 1 m. E. Boulogne.
67. Martin, t. Mexico, 9£i m. N. W. Zacatecas.
67. Martin, t. Spain, in Asturia, 44 m. W. Ovi-
edo.
67. Martin, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on tlie Due-
ro, 42 m. S. S. W. Burgos.
St. Martiji, one of the Scilly islands. Lon. 6°
14' W. Lat. 50° N.
67. Martin, isl. in the W. Indies, about 3 leagues
long and 4 broad, chiefly valuable for its salt pits.
Lon. 62° 5V W. L;.t. 18° 3' N.
S A I
655
St. Martin, t. Cuba, 130 m. S, W. Havannah.
St. Martyn, isl. in the Pacifi;c ocean, near the
coast of Peru. Lat. 1 1° S.
St. Martin dKiuxigny, t. France, in Cher, 6 m.
N. Bourges.
St. Martin d'Auxy, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 12 m. S. W. Chalons sur Saone.
St. Martin Le Beaux, t. France, in Indre-and-
Loire, 9 m. E. S. E. Tours.
St. Martin de Belleville, t. .Savoy, 5 ra. S. Mons-
tier, 32 S. E. Chambery.
67. Martin en Bresse, t. France, in Saonc-and-
Loire, 7 m. E. N. E. Chalons sur Saone, 4 S. Ver-
dun sur Saone. Pop. 1,400.
67. Martin, t. France, in Isere, 21 m. S. Gre-
noble.
St. Martin d' Eurias:e, t. France, in Isere, 5 m.
S. E. Grenoble. Popr 1,800.
67. Martin de Ri, t. France, in Lower Cha-
rente, on the N. coast of the Isle of Re, strongly
fortified. 9 m. W. N. W. La Rochelle. Lon. 1'
38' W. Lat. 46° 12' N. Pop. 3,000.
St. Martin de Toumon, t. France, in Indre, 7 m..
N. W. Le Blanc en Berry, 16 S. S. W. Chatilloa
sur Indre. Pop. 1,300.
67. Martin de Vallamas, t. France, in Ardeche,
21 m. S, W. Tournon, 16 N. W. Privas. Pop.
2,100.
67. Martinho, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. W.
Lamego.
St. Martina, t. Piedmont, 17 m. S. E. Acosta,
Pop. 2,000.
67. Martina, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 5 m.
N. W. Oppido.
St. Martins, t. St. Johns co. New Brunswick,
on the bay of Fundy.
67. Martins, p-t. Worcester uo. Md.
67. Martinsville, p-t, Attacapas district, Louis-
iana, on the Teche, 9 m. by land above New Ibe-
ria. Its public buildings are a court-house and
jail, market-house, an academy, and a Catholic
church.
6/. Man/, isl. in the E. Indian .sea, near the N,
W. coast "of Borneo. Lon. 114° 30' E. Lat. 6°
30' N.
St. Mary, isl. in the Indian sea, near the E. coast
of Madagascar. Lon. 50" 30' E. Lat. 16° 40' S.
67. Mary, or Bates Island, isl. near the E. coast
of Eng 6 m. N. N. W. Tyncmouth. Lon. 1° 11
W. Lat. 55° 6' N.
67. Mary, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa-
bash, 18 ni. above Vincennes.
67. Mary, one of the Azore islands. Lon. 25° 6'
W.Lat. 37°N.
67. Mary''s, co. Md. bounded N. by Calvert co.
E. by Chesa))eake bay, S. by the Potomac, and
W. by Charles co. Pop. 12,794, including 6,000
slaves. Chief town, Leonardstown.
St. Mary''s, r. which forms the boundary be-
tween Georgia and Florida. Its principal or
northern branch rises on the borders of Okefono
CO swamp. During the last 70 miles the course of
the river is S. E. and it falls into the Atlantic be-
tween Cumberland and Amelia islands. It has
21 feet water on the bar at high wfitei', and is nav-
igable for vessels drawing 14 feet for more than
70 miles.
67. Mary^s, p-t. and port of entry, Camden co.
Geo. on the N. side of St. Mary's river, 9 mile?
above its month. The harbor is safe, and vessels
drawing 21 feet water lie at the wharves of the
town. St, Mary's, i-; rogardod by military men a|
656
S A I
the key of Florida. It is 36 miles N. of the mouth
of St. John's river, and is the nearest market for
the produce of the country on its banks. It is
connected with Darien by an easy inland naviga-
tion of 70 miles. Amount of shipping in 1816,
498 tons. 80 m. by land S. Darien, 150 S. Savan-
nah. Lon. 8r40'W. Lat.30° 43' iN. Pop. 800.
67. Mary^s, r. which rises in Ohio in the same
tract of country where the Miami of the Ohio
and the branches of the Wabash take tlieir rise,
and after a northerly course of about 70 miles,
joins the St. Joseph's, fat Fort Wayne in Indiana,
to form Maumee river. It is navigable with boats,
at the times of high water, in its whole extent, 170
miles. There is a short portage from its head to
Loramie's creek, a branch of the Miami.
St. Mary''s, r. or straits, about 80 or 90 miles
long, which connect lake Superior with lake Hu-
ron. The fall or Sault de St. Marie is near the
head of the strait, in N. lat. 46" 31', 15 m. from lake
Superior, and 90 N. W. of the island of Mackinac.
The river here descends 22 feet 10 inches in 900
yards, and cannot be ascended at any season with
large vessels, but canoes and barges are towed up
along the bank without much difficulty or danger.
On the Canada side, at the foot of the rapids, is an
establishment of the North-west company. On the
American shore there is a village containing 15
or 20 buildings, and occupied by 5 or 6 French
and English families, and there was formerly a
French fort within half a mile of the rapids. The
Indians are drawn hither in great numbers by the
•Ad\'antages for taking the white-fish, which are so
abundant at the foot of the rapids, that a skilful
fisherman will take 500 in two hours. — As a mili-
tary and trading-post, the position of the Sault de
St. Marie is of the first importance, being at the
head of ship navigation on the great lakes, and
the grand thoroughfare of Indian communication
for the upper countries, as far as the Arctic circle,
all the fur trade of the north-west being compel-
led to pass through it. The government of the
U. States have resolved to occupy this post, and in
June 1820, obtained from the Chippeway Indians,
the cession of a tract of land 4 miles square, com-
mencing at the Sault, and extending 2 miles up
and the same distance down the river, with a
depth of 4 miles, including the portage, and the
site of the village and old fort, but reserving to
the Indians the right of fishing at the falls. The
lands on the banks of the river St. Mary are very
fertile.
St. Mm-v's Bay, bay on the S. coast of I^ew-
foundland!^ Lon. 54" 20' W. Lat. ST ^.
St. Mary^s Islands, cluster of small islands, in
the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 50" 20' N.
St. Mary''s Keys, rocks on the S. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 53° 55' W. Lat. 46M7' N.
St. Mary^s Key, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near
the coast of Florida. Lon. ^89" 12' W. Lat. 30°
11' N.
St, Mary''s River, r. Nova Scotia, which runs
into the sea, in lon. 61° W. lat. 45° 5' N.
St. Marsano, t. Naples, in Otranto, 12 ra. S. Ta-
rento.
St. Matkeo, t. Spain, in Valencia, 13 m. N. W.
Peniscola. Pop. 2,000,
5/. Matica, t. Russia, on the gulf of Finland, 20
m. N. E. Revel.
St. Mattheia, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
177° 10' E. Lat. 60° 20' N.
S A f
St. Matthew, isl. in the Atlantic, occopied by
the Portuguese. Lon. 13" W. Lat. 1° 45' S.
St. Matiheu; isl. in the Indian sea, near the coast
of Siam. Lon. 97° 52' E. Lat. 9° 35' N.
67. Matthias, isl. in the E, Indian sea, 90 miles
in circumference. Lon. 144" 30' E. Lat. 1° 50' S.
St. Maur, t. France, 6 ni. S. E. Paris'.
St. Maura, (an. LetKudia,) isl. in the Ionian sea,
on the west coast of Greece, a few miles N. of
Cephalonia, about 50 miles in circumference. It
produces great plenty of game, wine, oil, citrons,
pomegranates, almonds, and other fruits, and sea
salt is made here in abundance. It is one of the
seven islands constituting the Ionian republic.
The inhabitants are Greeks, subject to a bishop.
Lon. 20° 39' E. Lat. 39" 4' N. Pop. 20,000. St.
Maura, the capital, is a fortified town, with a good
harbor. Pop. 6,000.
St. Maurt, t. France, in Aube, 3 m. N. Troyes
67. Maure, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 18 m.
S. Tours.
67. Maurice, or St. Morizen, t. Switzerland, irv^
the Valais, 35 m. E. Geneva. Lon. 6° 52' E. Lat.
46° 15' N.
6/. Maurice, r. Lower Canada, which flows into
the N. side of the St. Lawrence, by three channels,
which give name to the town of Three-Rivers, on
its west bank.
St. Maurice, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side
of the St. Lawrence, between Warwick and
Hampshire counties. Chief town, Three-Rivers.
67. Maurice, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the river St. Maurice, 6 m. N. W,
Three- Rivers.
St. Maurice, t. France, in Isere, 24 m. S. Gre-
noble.
St. Mauriu, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 14
m.E. Agen. Pop. 1,800.
St. Mauro, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 22 m. S. E.
Acerenza. Pop. 2,800.
67. Mauro, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 3 m. W.
S. W. Rossano.
67. Mawes, borough t. England, in Cornwall,
on a neck of land opposite Falmouth.
St. Maximin, t. France, in Var, 20 m. N. Tou-
lon. Lon. 5° 55' E. Lat. 43° 28' N. Pop. 3,300.
67. Maximin, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. N. N. E.
Grenoble.
6/. Meen, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 9 ra.
W. Montfort. Pop. 1,400.
St.Menas, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 6
miles in circumference. Lon. 26° 30' E. Lat. 37°
33' N.
6/. Menehould, t. France, in Manie, with manu-
factures of dace, serge, and linen; 45 m. E. S. E.
Rheims. Pop. 3,400.
67. Menoux, t. France, in AUier, 7 m. W. Mou-
lins.
67. Mexias, r. Africa, which runs into the At-
lantic, lat. 1° 10' S.
67. Michael, v. Tyrol, on the Adige, 7 m. N.
Trent.
St. Michael, t. Italy, on the Tartaro, 20 m. E.
Mantua.
St. Micliael, isl. in the English channel. Lon.
4" 32' W. Lat. 50° 18' N.
St. Michael, borough t. England, in Cornwall, 8
m. N. E. Truro, 249 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4'^
52' W. Lat. 52" 22' N. Pop. 178.
St. Michael, t. Italy, 12 m. S. W. Mantua.
St. Michael, or San Miguel, island in the .Atlan-
tic, and the IjH-gest erf the Azores, about 60 miles
S A I
S A I
G57
ra circumference. The island was formerly vis-
ited with earthquakes, and the eruptions of volca-
noes. Boilin* springs are found in some parts of
the island. The ^own of Punta del Gada, where
the trade of the island is concentrated, is in Ion.
25" 42' W. Lat. 37" 47 N. Pop. about 90,000.
St. Michael, eeigfniory, Hertford co. Lower Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 14 m. E.
-Quebec. Pop. 1,700.
St. Michaels, p-t. Talbot co. Md.
St. Michaels, p-t. Washington co. Missouri, 30
m. S. W. St. Genevieve.
St. Mkkaels Hay, bay of Nova Scotia, on the
W. coast of the bay of Fundy.
St.MieliaeVs Bay, bay on the E. coast of Lab-
rador. I.on. 55° 40' W. Lat. 52" 55' N.
St. MichaeVs Mount, a hill in the English chan-
nel, near the coast of Cornwall, surrounded by
the sea at spring tides. 4 m. E. Penzance. Lon.
a" 20' \V. Lat. 50" 8' N.
St. Michael, Gulf of, bay on the coast of South
America, on the S. E. part of the gulf of Panama.
St. Michel, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the
city of Venice.
57. Michel, t. Italy, 14 m. N. \V. Verona.
St. Miguel, t. Guatimala, 50 m. E. Cu/.catlan.
St. MigneL, t. New Grenada, 85 m. E. Santa Fe
'ie Bogota.
St. Miguel, t. Paraguay, 360 m. E. Assumption.
<S/. Miguel, t. Nicaragua, on the N. W. coast of
Amapalla bay, 10 m. S. E. Leon. Lon. 88" 56'
tV. Lat. 13"35'N.
St. Miguel, t. Quito, 50 m. S. W. Quito.
St. Miguel, r. Brazil, which runs into the At-
fentic, in lat. 10" 8' S.
St. Miguel, i. Brazil, 15 m. E. St. Paul.
Si. Miguel, t New Mexico, 60 m. S. Santa Fe.
St. Miguel de Ribera, t. Peru, 62 m. W. S. W.
Arequipa.
St. Miguel de Tucuman, t. Buenos Ayres, in
Tucuman. It is the see of a bishop, and in the
vicinity are several silver mines. 760 m. N. N.
W. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 66" 30' W. Lat. 27"
25' S.
St. Mihiel, t, France, in Meuse, on the Meuse,
20 m. S. Verdun. Lon. 5" 37' E. Lat. 48° 54' N.
St. Miniato, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, the see
of a bishop, 20 m. W. Florence, 24 N. E. Leghorn.
Lon- 10" 49' E. Lat. 43" 44' N.
St. Mirana, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190°
34' E. Lat. 62" 35' N.
St. Monance, t. Scotland, in Fife co. 9 m. S. St.
Andrews, with a harbour on the frith of Forth.
St. Moritz, or St. Morizso, t Switz. in Grisons,
sontaining a famous mineral spring, 25 m. N. N.
E. Chiavcnna.
SU JVasaire, t France, in Var, 3 m. W, Tou-
!,on.
St. Neot''s, t. Eng. in Huntingdon co. on the
Ouse, 9 m. S. S. W. Huntingdon, 55 N. London.
Lon. 0" 16' V^. Lat. 52° 11' N. Pop. 1,988.
St. Mot's, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 7 m. E. Bodmin,
1J28 W. London. Pop. 1,041.
Si. Mcandro, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 m. E.
Lesina. Pop. 7,000.
St. J^ficholas, one of the Cape Verd islands.
3Lon. 24° 15' W. Lat. 16° 28' N. Pop. about
6,000.
St. Nicholas, Cape, the N. W.extremity of His-
jjaniola. Lon. 73" 27' W. Lat. 19"51'N.
St. Nicholas, r. Africa, which runs into the At-
;-^tic, in lat. 13° 50' S,
83
St. Nicholas, r. Africa, which runs into the At*^
lantic, in lat. 4" 40' N.
St. Nicola, t. Austria, on the Danube, 3 m. E.
N. E. Grein.
St. Nicolas, t. Paraguay, 230 m. S. E. Assump-
tion.
St. Nicolas, t. Mexico, 130 m. N. W. Durango.
St. Nicolas, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 12 m«
S. W. Antwerp, 15 E. Ghent. Pop. 11,500.
, St. Nicolas, t. Switz. 12 m. N. N. E. Berne.
St. Nicolas, t. on the N. W. coast of Hispaniola-,
in a bay formed by Cape St. Nicholas, which af-
fords an excellent harbor. Lon. 72° 25' W. Lat.
19°50'N.
St. Nicolas de la Grave, t. France, in Tarn-and-
Garonne, 15 m. W. Montauban. Pop. 2,300.
67. Nicolas de Redon, t. France, in Lower Loire.
1 m. S. Piedon, 15 N. W. Blain.
St. Nicolo, s-p. on the N. W. coast of the islanil
of Santonin. Lat. 36° 32' N.
St. Nicolo, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
near the coast of Natolia. Lon. 27° 18' E. Lat. 37'^
.20' N.
St. Ninian, t. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m. S<.
Sterling.
St. alalia, t. Spain, 18 m. N. W. Toledo.
St. Oluf, t. Sweden, 23 m. S. Christianstadt.
6/. Oiner, city, France, in Straits of Calais, on
the Aa, and strongly fortified. Here is a college
for the catholic clergy of England and Ireland,
with a library of 20,000 volumes. 24 m, S. E.
Calais, 160 N, Paris. Lon. 2" 15' E. Lat. 50" 45'
N. Pop. 20,000.
67. Oswald, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 n».
N. Hexham.
67. Ouen, t. France, 4 m. N. Paris.
St. Ours, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower.Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 30 m. N.
E. Montreal.
St. Pablo, r. Florida, which runs into the
St. John. Lon. 81" 50' W. Lat. 30° 34' N.
St. Palais, t. France, in Morbihan, on the isl-
and of Belleisle, with a harbour and castle. Pop.
2,500.
St. Palais, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on
the Bidouze, 30 m. W. Pau, 21 S. E. Bayonne.
Lon. 0° 50' W. Lat. 43" 19' N. Pop. 1,000.
67. Paolo, isl. near the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17" 6' E. Lat. 40" 42' N.
St. Panfaleo, t. Sardinia, 16 m. N. Cagliari.
St. Papoul, t. France, in Aude, 15 m. VV. N.
W. Carcassonne. Lon. 2° 7' E. Lat 43" 20' N.
67. Pardoux, t. France, in Two Sevres, 5 m. S.
S. W. Partenay.
6/. Pateme, t. France, in Morbihan, 6 m. S. W,
Vannes.
67. Patrick, t. Charlotte co. New-Brunswick,
on Passamaq noddy bay.
67. Patrick's, small isl. in the Irish sea, near
the E. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6° 5' W. Lat. 53°
36' N.
St. Patrick's Bridge, a chain of rocks near the
S. coast of Ireland, extending from the coast of
Wexford to the Saltee Islands. Lon. 6° 37' W.
Lat. 52" 10' N.
St. Patrick's Purgatory, small isl. Ireland, in
Lough Derg.
67. Pau, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 m. N. W.
Gerona.
6/. Paul, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 9 m. S-
E. Limoges. Pop. 1,500.
6/. Paul, t. France, in Tarn, 9 m. N. W. La
Caune.
658
S A I
Sl. Paul, a government of Brazil, to tlie west of
Rio Janeiro.
S(. Paul, t. New Mexico, at the conflux of the
two main branches of the Bravo.
St. Paid, t. Brazil, cap. of the government of
the same name. The neighbourhood formerly
abounded with gold mines, which are now ex-
hausted. Pop. 20,000. 190 m. W. Rio Janeiro.
Lon. 46" 56' W. Lat. 23" 30' S.
St. Paul, t. of the island of Malta, 6 m. N. W,
Malta.
St. Paul, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 61° 2' E.
Lat. 37" 51' S.
St. Paul, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 9 m.
N. E. the N. cape of the island of Cape Breton.
Lon. 60" 2' W. Lat. 47° 13' N.
St. Paul, r. Guinea, which runs into the At-
lantic, 5 m. N. Cape Mesurada.
St. Paul de FenouiUiac, t. France, in East Py-
renees, 18 m. W. N. W. Perpignan. Fop. 1,300.
St. Paul en Jarest, t. France, in Rhone and
I^oire, 18 m. S. S. W. Lyons.
St. Paul de Jarrat, t. France, in Arriege, 4 m.
N.N.E.Tarascon.
St. Pajtl Trois Chateaux, t. France, in Drome,
12 m. S. Montelimart, 13 N. Orange. Pop.
2,100.
St. Paul's, parish, Charleston district, S. C. 18
m. W. Charleston.
St. PauTs Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 57° 55' VV. Lat. 49° 50' N.
St. Paulien, t. France, in Upper Loire, 6 m. N.
N. W. Le Puy.
St. Pazanne, t. France, in Lower Loire, 12 m.
S. W. Nantes.
St. Pecaqus, t. Mexico, 45 m. N. Compostella.
Lon. 101° 30' W. Lat. 22" N.
St. Pedro, r. Africa, on the Ivory coast, which
tuns into the Atlantic. Lon. 6" 50' VV. Lat. 4"
50' N.
St. Pedro, t. Venezuela, on the S. coast of Lake
Maracaybo. 100 m. S. Maracaybo.
St. Pedro, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Terra Firma. Lat. 4" 2' N.
St. Pedro, one of the Marquis of Mendoza's isl-
ands, Lon. 138" 55' K. Lat. 9° 55' S.
St. Pedro, t. Florida, 44 m. E. S. E. St. Mark.
St. Pedro, and St. Pablo, v. Mexico, which runs
into the gulf of Mexico, in lon. 97" 56' W. lat. 20"
52' N.
Si. Pellegrino, seaport, Corsica, 21 m. S. E.
Bastia. Lon. 9° 33' E. Lat. 42*^ 23' N.
St. Peray, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Rhone,
opposite Valence.
Sl. Peter and St. Paul, seaport on the S. E.
coast of Kamtchatka. Lon. 158°43'E. Lat. 54° N.
St. Peter le Port, or Port St. Pierre, t. Eng. on
the S. E. part of the island of Guernsey, defended
by two castles. Lon. 2" 34' W. Lat. 49° 10' N.
St. Peter's Harbour, a bay on the N. coast of
the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Lon. 62° 20' W, Lat. 46" 25' N.
St. Peter's Point, cape on the W. coast of Dom-
inica. Lon. 61° 30^ W. Lat. 15" 36' N.
St. Peter's Haven, a harbour on the E. coast of
Labrador. Lat. 56" 31' N.
Sl. Peter's, lake. Lower Canada, an exjiansion
of the river St. Lawrence, 20 miles long, and 10
wide, which commences a few miles below the
town of Porel.
St. Peter's, r. a western branch of the Missis-
sippi, which join? it about 9 miles below the falb
S A I
of St. x\nthony, ifl lat. 44° N. after a S. E. course
of several hundred miles. It flows through the
centre of the territories of the Sioux Indians, the
most jjowerful Indian tribe in N. America, and is
navigable for more than 200 miles. The lands on
its banks are very fertile. On a high blufl", at
the junction of this river with the Mississippi, a
fort has been recently erected by the U. States,
See St. .Anthony's Falls.
St. Peters, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. on
Savannah river.
St. Philip, V. Monroe co. Illinois, on the Mis-
sissippi, 45 m. below Cahokia.
St. Philip's Islajid, isl. in the Atlantic ocean
Lon. 13° 25' E. Lat. 12" 22' S.
St Pierre, t. France, in the straits of Calais, 20
m. N. E. Boulogne. Pop. 2,700.
St. Pierre, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 55° 15' E.
Lat. 9° 8' S.
St. Pierre, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the W.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 1(.>9" 9' E. Lat. 1° 54' N.
67. Pierre. See St. Peters.
St. Pierre, small isl. near the coast of Newfound-
land. Lon. 56° 37' VV. Lat. 46° 30' N.
St. Pierre, s-p. and centre of commerce of the
island of Martinico, in a bay on the W. coast
Lon. 61" 10' W. Lat. 14° 43' N.
St. Pierre I'Es^lise, t. France, in Channel, 5 m.
VV. Barfleur, 8 E. Cherburg. Pop. 2,000.
St. Pierre le Moutier, t. France, in Nievre, 12
m. S. Nevers. Lou. 4° E. Lat. 46" 47' N. Pop,
2,000,
67. Pierreville, t. France, in Ardeche, 7 m. N.
VV. Privas. Pop. 1,500.
67. Pictro, (an. Hicracum,) isl. 7 m. from the S.
coast of Sardinia, 13 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon.
8" 24' E. Lat. 39° 15' N,
67. Pielro, isl, near the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17" 5' E. Lat. 40" 43' N.
67. Pictro Galatina, t. Naples, in Otranto, 6 m.
E. Nardo, 22 W. Otranto,
67 Pol, t. France, in Straits of Calais, 22 m. N.
VV. Arras. Lon. 2" 25' E. Lat. 50" 22' N. Pop.
3,000.
67. Polde Leon, t. France, in Finisterre, 34 m.
N. E. Brest. Lon. 3° 54' VV. Lat. 48° 40' N. Pop.
5,400.
67. Pollen, or St. Hypolyte, t. Austria, on the
Trasen, 26 m. VV. Vienna. Lon. 15° 36' E. Lat
48° 12' N.
67. Pons de Thomiercs, t. France, in Herault,
48 m. W. Montpellier. Lon. 2" 51' E. Lat. 43° 29
N. Pop. 4,700.
St. Pourcain, t. France, in AUier, 16 m. S.
Moulins. Pop. 3,000.
67. Prasseda, t. Italy, 12 m. N. E. Rome.
67. Prez, or 6/. Prex, t. Switz. on the N. coast
of the lake of Geneva, 8 m. S. W. Lausanne.
Sl. Priest, t. France, 6 m. S. E. Lyons.
67. Prix, t. France, 10 m. N. Paris.
67. Quenfin, t. France, in Aisne, on the Somme.
with manufactures of thread, linen, cambric,
lawn, gauze, and cottons. 22 m. S. Cambray, 45
S. Amiens. Lon. 3" 43' E. Lat 49" 51' N. Pop.
11,000.
67. Quentin, t. France, in Isere, 10 m. N. W.
Grenoble, Pop. 1,300.
67. Rafael, t. Caraccas,40 m. S. Caraccas,
67, Rafael, i. S, America, in Moxes, 210 m, E.
Santa Cruz dp la Sien-a La Nueva,
St. Ramhert de Joux, t France, in Ain, 16 m,
S, S. E. Bourg-en B»'esse, 27 N. E. Lyons. Lon.
5" 31' E. Lat. 45" 57' N. Pop. 2,300.
S A I
S A I
G5Ff
St. Ramhtrt sur Loire, t. France, in Rhone-and-
Loire, 7 m. N. W. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,400.
Si. Raphael, cape at the E. end of the island of
Hispaniola. Lon. 69" 8' W. Lat. 19" 16' N.
St. Regis, r. N. Y. which is formed by nume-
rous streams, and runs into the St. Lawrence a
little above 45° N. lat. in Canada.
St. Regis, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on the St. Law-
rence, at the mouth of St. Regis river.
Sf. Regis, Indian village, on the river St^ Law-
rence. The boundary line between the U. S. and
Lower Canada passes through this village.
St. Remi, t. Piedmont, at the foot of Mount St.
Bernard, 9 m. N. Aosta.
St. Remo, s-p. Genoa, with a good harbour in
the Mediterranean, 23 m. N. E. Nice. Lon. 7" 46'
E. Lat. 43" 47' N.
St. Remijy t. France, in Mouths-of-the- Rhone,
7 m. E. Tarascon, 9 S. Avignon. Lon. 4" 35' E.
Lat. 43" 47 N.
67. Renan, t. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. W.
Brest. Pop. 900,
5^. Reverein, i. France, in Nievre, 21 m. N. E.
Nevers.
St. Reyne, t. France, 27 m. W. N. VV. Dijon.
St. Ricquier, t. France, in Somme, 6 m. N. E.
Abbeville. Pop. 1,300.
St. Roche des Aanais, seigniory, Devon co.
Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Law-
rence, 56 m. N. E. Quebec.
iS7. Romain, t. France, iti Lower Seine,- 12 m.
E. by N. Havre de Grace.
St. Romain, t. France, 15 m. S. S. W. Lyons.
67. Romano, t. Italy, 18 m. S. W. Modena.
67. Rosa, t. New Grenada, 30 m. S. VV. Santa
Fe de Bogota.
67. Rosa, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the S.
coast of W. Florida, 36 miles long. Lon. 86" 50'
W. Lat. 30° 26' N.
67. Rosa Bay, bay in thegulf of Mexico, on the
S. coast of W. Florida. Lon. 86" 5' to 86" 32' W.
Lat. 30" 33' N.
St. Rose, t. Canada, 12 m. N. W. Montreal.
67. Saba, v. Palestine, 18 m. S. E. Jerusalem.
Sf. Sacrament, t. Buenos Ayres, on the left banic
of the La Plata, opposite Buenos Ayres, 90 m. W.
Monte Video.
67. Sadurni, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 13 m. W.
N. W. Barcelona.
St. Saen, t. France, 16 m. N. N. E. Rouen.
67. Salvador de Jujui, city, Buenos Ayres, 1 74
m. N. St. Jago del Estero. Lon. 66° 2' W. Lat.
23" 5' S.
St. Salvador, or Civdad de Bahia, city, Brazil,
at the entrance of All Saints' bay : the see of an
archbishop. It contains many religious houses,
and a large and magnificent college. It is large,
rich, and well built ; but the principal part of the
city stands on an eminence 400 feet in height,
which makes it necessary to have recourse to
cranes and other machines for conveying the
goods from the city to the port. The town is well
defended, and with a small expense miglit be ren-
dered impregnable, the east side being almost in-
accessible, and the rest well fortified both by na-
ture and art. The upper town is adorned with
several splendid structures, particularly the ca-
thedral, the palace of the governor, and that of
the archbishop, and the courts of justice, hos-
pitals, ond other public edifices. The commerce
''i the town is very extensive. The population is
3riou£ly estimated from 70,000 to 120,000, and is
composed of white?, Indians, mulattoes, and ne-
groes. Lon. 39" 30' W. Lat. 12" 45' S.
St. Salvador, or Banza St. Salvador, city, Afri-
ca, cap. of Congo, about 150 miles from the sea,
upon a high mountain. It has 12 churches, be-
sides the cathedral, which is built with stone. Pop.
about 40,000, of whom 4,000 are whites. Lon. 14"
32' E. Lat. 5" 45' S.
Si. Salvador, or Cuscatlan, t. Guatimala, 140
m. E. S. E. Guatimala. Lon. 90" 3' VV. Lat,
14" N.
67. Samuela, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190"
34' E. Lat. 62" 35' N.
57. Saphorin, t. Switzerland, on the N. coast of
the lake of Geneva, 3 m. W. Vevay.
St. Savin, I. France, in Gironde, 18 m. N. Bour-
deaux.
St. Sauslieu, t. France, 7 m. S. Amiens.
67. Scamegne, t. Naples, 12 m. N. N. E. Capua.
67. Sebastian, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, at the
mouth of the Gurumea. The harbour is well de-
fended, and the town is surrounded with walls.
A considerable trade is carried on in this place,
particularly in iron, steel, and wool. 22 m.W,
S. W. Bayonne, 33 N. N. W. Pampeluna. Lon.2''
4' W. Lat. 43" 10' N.
67. Sebastian, fort, Africa, on the Gold coast.
6/. Sebastian. See Janeiro, Rio dc.
St. Sebastian, isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lat.
23" 45' S.
St. Sebastian, t. S. America, at the entrance of
the gulf of Darien, 140 m. S. S. W. Carthagena.
Lon. 76" 40' W. Lat. 8° 19' N.
St. Secondo, t. Italy, 10 m. N. N. W. Parma.
67. 6'cr^, or 67. Serrolo, v. Austrian States, 6 m
E. Trieste.
St. Sever, t. France, in Landes, 9 m. S. S. W,
Mont de Marsan, 12 E. Tartas. Lon.0"3Q'\V.
Lat. 43" 46' N.
St. Severina, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, the
see of an archbishop, 93 m. N. E. Reggio. Lon,
14" 47' E. Lat. 39" 6' N.
St. Severino, t. Popedom, 30 m. S. S. W. Anco-
na, 83 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13" 18' E. Lat. 43"
10' N.
67. Seriero, or St. Severio, t. Naples, in Capi-
tanata: the sec of a bishop, 77 m. N. E. Naples.
Lon. 15" 54' E. Lat. 41" 44' N.
St. Simons, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of the Alatamaha, 15 miles long, and from
2 to 4 broad. The northern part is separated by
a small creek from the main island, and called
Little St. Simons. Between Little Simons and
Egg island, the southern branch of the Alatamaha
communicates with the ocean. The island is sep-
arated from the main land by a navigable river,
which communicates with the Alatamalia, and
flows into St. Simon's sound. Frederica stands
on this river on the west side of the island. Its
harbour is safe and deep, and being surrounded
with forests of timber, is well adapted for ship-
building. Frederica was built by Gen. Ogle-
thorpe, in 1734. The fortress is constructed of
tabby, and of such durable materials that it still
remains. Lon. 80" W, Lat. 31" 15' N.
67. Sorlin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 4 m.
N. W. Macon, 6 S. S. E. Cluny.
67. Stffano, i-A. near the S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 9" 42' E. Lat. 39" 13' N.
6/. Stephens, t. Charlotte co. New-Brunswick,
on the river St. Croix.
67. Stephens, parish, Charleston district, S. C\
660
8 A 1
SAL
$0 m. N. W. Chaiieston. Pinevillc acauerny is lu
this parish.
St. Stephais, p-t. and cap. Wafihingtou co. Ala-
l)ama, on the W. siJe of the Tombigbee, 80 miles
by land above Mobile, 120 by water; 250 S. by
W. Huntsville. The river is navigable to this
place for vessels drawing 4 feet water. A steam-
boat plies between St. Stephens and Ncm' Orleans.
Here are an academy, with two instructors, and
60 or 70 students; a printing office, and 250
houses. Pop.inlJil9, 1,000.
St. Suipict, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Can-
ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 24 m. N.
E. Montreal.
St. Susanna, or Sir fViUiam Draper's Island,
isl. in the Mergui Archipelago, near the coast of
Siam. Lat. 10° 32' N.
St. Susannt, t. France, in Mayenne, 16 m. E.
Laval. Lon.O" 16' W. Lat. 48° 6' .N,
St. Tammany, p-t. Mecklenburg co. Va. on the
N. side of the Roanoke, 42 m. from Halifax, N. C.
St, Tammany, parish, Louisiana, lying on the
W. side of Pear! river.
St. Teodcro, isl. near the N, coast of Candy, 8
m. N. W. Canea.
St. Theodosia, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon,
192° E. Lat. 62° 20' N.
St Thtoffry, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. S. Gren-
oble.
St. Thierry, t. France, in Marne, 4 m. N. W.
Reims.
67. Thomas, the principal of the Virgin islands,
in the W. Indies, about 18 miles in circumfer-
ence, belonging to the Danes. It abounds with
potatoes, sugar, and tobacco. It has a safe and
commodious harbour, and the trade is very con-
siderable. In March 1801, it was taken by the
British. Lon. 64° 50' W. Lat. 18° 22' N.
St. Thomas, isl. in the Atlantic, about 30 miles
in circumference, near the coast of Guinea, on
the equinoxial line. The climate is hot, moist,
and unwholesome, especially to Europeans. Rice,
millet, vines of the richest kind, melons, cucum-
bers, figs, and ginger, are reared in the utmost
perfection, with little labour or expense. The
ecclesiastical government is in the hands of the
bishop, who is a suffragan to the archbishop of
Lisbon. Lon. 6° 25' E.
St. Thomas, t. Hind, on the coast of Coroman-
del, 3 m. S. Madras.
67. Thomas, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Cana-
da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 34 m. N. E.
Quebec.
6^ Thomas, parish, Charleston district, S. C.
67. Thomas, t. Cuba, 30 m. W. S. W. Havau-
nah.
St. Tomas, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lat. 20° 10' N.
St. Tomas de Castile, t. Mexico, in Vera Paz,
at the mouth of the river Guanacos, 50 m. £. Ve-
ya Paz. Lon. 90° 26' W. Lat. 15° 46' N.
St. Tita, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190° 14'
E. Lat.63°51'N.
57. Trevier de Courtoux, t. France, in Ain, 6 m.
E. N. E. Pont de Vaux. Lon. 5" 10' E. Lat. 46°
28' N.
St. Tron, t. Netherlands, 14 m. N. W. Liege, 18
E. S. E. l-ouvain. Lon, 5° 16' E. Lat. 50° 40' N.
Pop. 5,801.
67. Tropez, s-p. France, in Var, on a bay of the
Mediterranean, 32 m. N. E. Toulon.
St. Vaast, t. France, in Charniel, with a small
harbour, 13 m. E. S. E. Cherburg.
St. Vattry, seaport, France, in Somme, on the
Somme, 9 m. N. W. Abbeville. Lon. 1° 16' E.
Lat. 50° 37' N.
67. Valery en Caux, t, France, m Lower Seine,
11 m, S. W. Dieppe. Lon. 0" 47' E. Lat. 49"
52' N.
St. Vallier, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 18 m. E.
Quebec.
67. Ubes. See Stetuval.
St. Veil, or 67. Veil am Pstaum. See Fiume.
St. Veil, t. Austrian States, in the kingdom of
Illvria, on the Glan, 8 m. N. Clagenfurt, 16 S,
Muhrau. Lon. 14° 6' E. Lat. 46° 47' N. Pop.
5,000.
St. Veil, t. Austria, 5 m. W. Vienna.
St. Ftnant, t. France, in the Straits of Ca-
lais, on the Lys, 6 m. N. N. W. Bethune, 6 E.
Aire.
67. Vincent, one of the Cape Verd Islands, about
30 miles in circumference. In the N. W. part of
the island is a bay, which is deemed the safest
harbour in all Ihe Cape Verd Islands. Lon. 25°
W. Lat. 16° 50' N.
St. Vincent, isl. in the West-Indies, about 40
miles long and 10 broad. It is owned by the Eng-
lish and the Charaibes, or rather a mixed race
descended from negroes and Charaibes. It con-
tains about 84,000 acres, of which 23,605 acres
are owned by the British, and about as much more
by the Charaibes. All the remainder is thought
incapable of cultivation. Pop. 18,000, of whom
1,600 are whites. Lon. 61° W. Lat. 13° 10' N.
St. Vincent, Cape, the S. W. point of Portugal.
Lon. 9° 5' W. Lat. 37° 2' N.
67. Vincent, s-p. Brazil, 150 m. W^. Rio Janei-
ro.
St. Vincent'' s Bay, bay on the N. coast of Terra
del Fuego, a little E. of Cape St. Vincent.
St. Via, i. Italy, 3 m. W. N. W. Verona.
St. Vit, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 25 m. S.
Aix-la-Chapelle, 40 N. Luxemburg. Lon. 6° 12'
E. Lat. 50° 18' N.
67. Urbaine, a Cistertian abbey, Swisserland, in
Lucerne, 25 m. N. N. VV. Lucerne.
67. Yriex, t. France, in Upper Vienne, on the
Ille, 19 m. S, Limoges, 30 N. E. Perigueux. Lon.
1° 17' E. Lat. 45° 30' N.
St. Zibio, t Italy, 1 1 m. S. E. Padua.
Saima, lake, Russia, 200 miles long, which
communicates through the river Voksa with lake
Ladoga.
Saintes, t. France, in Lower Charente, 42 m.
S. E. La Rochelle, 84 N. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0° 33'
W. Lat. 45° 45' N. Pop. 10,200.
Saintongc, before the revolution, a province of
France, now forming the department of the Lower
Charente.
■Saisy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 10 m. E.
Autun.
Sakan, r. Persia, which runs into the gulf of
Persia, near Bender Rigk.
Sahara, t. Egypt, 4 m. W. of the Nile, 10 S. Gi-
zeh.
Sakaria, r. Natolia, which runs into the Black
sea. Lon. 31° E. Lat. 40" 53' N.
Sakieh, t. Arabian Irak, 80 m. N. W. Bas-
sora.
Sakmansur, t. Turkish Armenia, 18 m. N. Er-
zerum.
Sal, or Salt, one of the Cape Verd Islands,
about 40 miles in circumference.
SAL
SAL
661
Sal, or Sola, t. Sweden, in Wcsteras, near a sil-
ver mine, 32 m. VV. Upsal. Lon. 16" 32' E. Lat.
SrSa'N. Pop. 2,000.
Sal Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 91° 30' W.
Lat. 50° 23' N.
Sal, Point, on the W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 239" 43i E. Lat. 34° 57' N.
Sala, La, t. Piedmont, 1 i m. W. Aosta.
Sala, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m. N.
Policastro. Pop. 5,500.
Salada, isl. iu the W. Indies. Lon. 64° 13' W.
Lat. 10" 58' N.
Saladillo, r Buenos Ayres, which running S. E.
falls into the sea near the mouth of the river Plata.
Salado, r. Buenos Ayres, which rises iu the An-
des, in lat. 24° S. and running S. E. joins the Pa-
rana at Santa Fe, in lat. 31° 40' S.
Salado, r. Chili, which falls into the Pacific, in
M.26''30'S.
Salahiah, fortress on the E. frontier of Egypt,
towards Syria.
Salaka, a harbour on the W. coast of the Red
sea. Lon. 37° 5' E. Lat. 20° 42' N.
Salamanca, province, Spain, bordering on Por-
tugal. Extent, 1,500 square miles. Pop. 210,000.
Salamanca, city, Spain, on three hills near the
river Tormes. It is surrounded by a wall, and
has 25 churches, 20 monasteries, 1 1 convents, and
a university. The university was fouuded in
1239, and had long a considerable reputation.
The number of professors at present is 60, the
number of students between 300 and 400. Pop.
13,600. A memorable battle was fought here be-
tween the British under lord Wellington and the
French under Marmont, iu July 1812. 153 m.
W. N. W. Madrid. Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat. 41°
21' N.
Salambria, (an. Peneus,') r. Greece, which dis-
charges itself into the gulf of Salonica, through
the well known Vale of Tempo, 25 m. E. by N.
Larissa.
Salame, isl. at the entrance of the Persian gulf,
near Cape Mussendoon. Lon. 56° 48' E. Lat. 26°
20' N.
Salamis, in Sao. Geog. See Famagusta,
Salanche, t. Savoy, 28 m. S. E. Geneva,
Salangari, isl. in the Eastern Sea?, near the W.
coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 31' E. Lat. 2" 15' N.
Salankemen, t. Austrian states, opposite the in-
lluxof the Theyss into th« Danube, 18 m. N. W.
Belgrade. Lon. 20° 30' E. Lat. 45" 10' N.
Salburg, t. Germany, on the Saal, 20 m. S. S.
W. Gera, 40 S. E. Erfurt. Lon. 11° 50' E. Lat.
.■i0°27'N.
Salces, v. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 9 m. N.
;?erpignan.
Saldanha Bay, -bay on the S. coast of Africa.
Lon. 17° 50' E. Lat 32° 54' S.
Saldanna, t. Spain, in Leon, 46 m. E. Leon, 38
:S. by W. Palencia, Pop. 4,000.
Saleclo, s-p. Tunis, 90 m. from Tunis.
Salem, in Sac. Geog. See Jerusalem.
Salem, t Hind. cap. of a district of the same
jiame in the Carnatic. Lon. 78° 18' E. Lat. 11°
44' N.
Salem, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 30 m. S. W.
Portsmouth, 36 S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,179.
Salem, t. Orleans co. Vt. on Lake Memphrama-
fjog, 49 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 58.
Salem, port of entry and cap. Essex co. Mass. the
second town in New-England in commerce,
wealth, and population, is built on a low peninsu-
^ formed by two small inlets of the sea, called
North and South rivers ; over the former of which
is a bridge 1,500 feet long, connecting the town
with Beverly ; the other separates it from Mar-
blehead, and forms the principal harbour. The
harbour is so shallow that vessels drawing more
than 12 feet v»rater must load and unload at a dis-
tance from the wharves, yet it is accessible to
ships ol war into safe anchorage, as the frigate
Constitution found in Uie late war when pursued
by a superior force. There are two forts for the
defence of the harbour.
The town contains a court-house, alms-house,
market-house, 3 banks, a museum belonging to the
East India Marine Society, an athenaeum contain-
ing more than 5,000 volumes, an orphan asylum,
and 11 beises of public worship, 6 for Congrega-
tionalists, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for
Friends, and 1 for Universalists. The streets are
crooked, and the houses generally built of wood,
but many of those recently erected ai*e handsome
edifices of brick.
The commerce of Salem is extensive. In 1816,
it was the sixth town ih the U. States, in amount
of shipping, the number of tons being 34,454, of
which nearly one half was employed in the India
trade. This trade has been prosecuted with great
spirit and success for many years, and has been a
source of much wealth to the town. A society
composed of masters and supercargoes of vessels
who have sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, or
Cape Horn, was incorporated in 1801, and now
consists of about 160 members. A museum be-
longs to the Society, composed of curiosities from
all parts of the world, and is visited by strangers
without expense. The inhabitants of Salem are
celebrated for enterprise, industry, and true re-
publican economy. Perhaps no city in the U.
States contains so much wealth in proportion to
the population. It is the oldest town in Massa-
chusetts except Plymouth, having been settled in
1626. Its Indian name was Naumkeag. 4 m. N.
W. Marblehead, 24 S. Newburyport, 14 N. N. E.
Boston. Lat. 42° 30' N. Lon. 70' 50' W. Pop. in
1810, 12,613.
Salem, t. New London co. Ct. 29 m. S. E. Hart-
ford.
Salem, p-t. Washington qo. N. Y. 18 m. S. E.
SandyhiU, 46 N. E. Albany. Pop. 2,833. The
courts of the county are held alternately here and
at SandyhiU. Salem village is on a plain in the
centre of the town, and contains a court-house and
jail, an academy, and 2 churches.
Salem, co. N. J. bounded N. by Gloucester co.
E. by Cumberland co. S. W. and W. by Delaware
river and bay. Pop. 12,791.
Salem, p-t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on Salem
creek, 3i m. from its confluence with Delaware
bay. The river is navigable to this place for ves-
sels of 50 tons. Salem contains a court-house and
jail, an academy and 4 churches, 1 each for Bap-
tists. Quakers, Methodists, and Episcopalians. 20
m. N. W. Bridgetown, 37 S. W. by S. Philadel-
phia.
Salem, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 316.
Salem, t Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 530.
Salem, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,518.
Salem, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 407.
Sakm, West, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 660.
Salem, p-t. Botetourt co. Va. 20 m. S. W. Fin-
castle.
Salem, p-t. Faquier co. V'a.
Salem, p-t. Stokes ce. N. C. on a tributary of the
rirer Yadkin, 35 m. N. E. Salisbury, The town
662
SAL
is built of brick, principally on one street, half a
mile in length, paved, and planted on each side
with trees. Here is a Moravian academy for
young ladies, under the care of the pastor and 12
matrons. Pupils resort here from all parts of the
Southern States. The buildings consist of a
church which is spacious and elegant, and 4 brick
edifices 4 stories high for the academy. They
stand in the centre of the town, on a square plant-
ed with trees, and intersected by fine gravel walks.
Several manufactures, particularly of potter's
ware, are carried on in this town.
Salem, co. S. C. in Sumpter district.
Salem, p-t. Salem co. S. C.
Salem, t. Baldwin co. Geo. on the W. side of the
Oconee, nearly opposite iVIilledgeville.
Salem, p-t. Livingston co. Ken.
Salem, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie,
16 m. N. E. Jefferson.
Salem, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
460.
Salem, p-t. Columbiana ^o. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
New Lisbon.
Salem, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Stcu-
benville.
Salem, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 145.
Salem, t. Monroe co. Ohio, on Oliio river, 9 m.
Woodsfield.
Salem, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Dayton.
Salem, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Musking-
um, 10 m. N. E. Zanesville.
Salem, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskin-
gum.
Salem, t. Washington co. Ohio, 11 ra. N. Mari-
etta.
Salem, p-t. and cap. Washington co, Indiana, 25
m. W. Jeffersonville, 34 N. Corydon. It is re-
cently settled, and contains about 40 houses, and
a handsome brick court-house.
Salem cross roads, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Salemi, t. Sicily, 38 m. S. W. Palermo. Fop.
8,000.
Saleniia, t. Syria, 100 m. S. S. E. Aleppo.
Salengore, a kingdom extending along the W.
coast of the Malay peninsula. It is governed by a
Mahometan prince. Lon. 101° 18' E. Lat. 23" 20- N.
Saler Moler, fortress, Hind, in Khandeish. Lon.
74' 15' E. Lat. 20" 40' N.
Salerno, city, Naples, and cap. of Principato
Citra, with a good harbour, and an nniversity. It
is the see of an archbishop. 28 m. E. S. E. Na-
ples. Lon. 14° 35' E. Lat. 40° 40' N. Pop.
10,000.
Saleyer, or Salayr, isl. in the Eastern seas, ofT
theS, extremity of the island of Celebes, about 40
miles long and nearly 8 broad. Lon. 120" 55' E.
Lat. 5° 45' S.
Salec, or Suletz, v. Switzerland, in St. Gall, on
the Rhine, 4 m. E. Sax.
Salford, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
838.
Salford, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
558.
Salibabo, isl. in the Eastern seas, 8 or 10 miles
in circumferenee. Lon. 128° 9' E. Lat. 4° N.
Salicelto, t. Piedmont, 16 m. E. Mondovi. Pop.
3,000.
Salina, or Snlini, one of the Lipari islands, in
the Tuscan sea, 15 miles in circuit. 25 m. N. by
W. Cape Bianco, in Sicily.
Salina, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 36 m. S. S. E.
SAL
Oswego, 130 W. Albany. This town embrace
Onondaga lake and the principal salt springs and
salt-works of the State. The village of Salma on
the S. E. side of the lake, contained in 1812, about
90 houses and 80 salt-works. The village of Liv-
erpool on the N. E. side of the lake, contained at
the same time about 80 houses and 35 salt-works.
Every gallon of water yields from 16 to 27 ounces
of salt, being much stronger than any other salt-
springs in the U. States. Tlie quantity manufac-
tured in 1810, was 435,840 bushels, and it may be
increased to an unlimited extent. Salina is con-
nected by a branch canal li miles long with tlie
great canal from Lake Erie to the Hudson.
Salina, p-t. Randolph co. Illinois.
Saline, r. Louisiana, which flows into the N.
side of Red river, 8 m. N. E. Natchitoches. The
saline on this river is a valuable salt flat, affording
an abundant supply of salt.
Saline, t. St. Genevieve co. Missouri.
Saline, r. Louisiana, which joins Black Lake
river, 8 m. N. E. Natchitoches.
Saline creek, r. Illinois, which runs into the
Ohio, 20 m. below the mouth of the Wabash. It
is navigable 30 miles. There are salt works be-
longing to the U. States, on this stream, 20 m.
above its mouth.
Salines, v. Missouri, on the Mississippi, 4 m. be-
low St. Genevieve, 9 from Kaskaskias. Here are
extensive salt works.
Salines, Point de, or Point Salinas, cape on the
S. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 71° 48' W. Lat. 18°
8' N.
Salini, one of the Lipari islands, 8 m. E. N. E.
Palermo. Lon. 15° 5' E. Lat. 38" 40' N.
Salins, t. France, in Jura. It is well built and
fortified. 22 m. S. Besancon. Lon. 5° 56' E. Lat.
46"57'N. Pop. 8,200.
Salisbury, city, England, in Wiltshire, on the
Avon. It is the see of a bishop. The cathedral,
which was founded in 1219, is the most elegant
and regular Gothic structure in the kingdom. Its
spire is the tallest in England, being 410 feet.
There are 88 bells, which are hung in a steeple by
itself. It is noted for the manufacture of bone
lace and cutlery. It sends 2 members to parlia-
ment. 91 m. E N. E. Exeter, 82 W. S. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 1°47' W, Lat. 51° 4' N. Pop. 8,243.
Salisbury/, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the W.
side of the Merrimack, 14 m. N. W. Concord.
Pop. 1,913. It contains 2 churches, ] for Baptists,
and 1 forCongregationalists, an academy, and va-
rious mills.
Salisbury, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek,
44 m. S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 700.
Salisbury, p-t. Essex co. Mass. on the N. side of
the Merrimack, 4 m. N. Newburyport, 30 N. N.
E. Salem. Pop. 2,047. It is divided into two
parishes, and below the junction of Povvow river
with the Merrimack, there is a flourishing village
where many vessels are built.
Salisbury, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the W. side
of the Housatonnuc, 47 m.N. W. Hartford, 60 N.
N. W. New Haven. Pop. 2,321. It contains 2
churches, 1 for Congregational ists, and 1 for
Methodists. Iron ore is found in abundance in this
town, and is thought to be equal for richness to
any in the United Slates. Here arc 3 forges, 2
blast furnaces, 1 anchor and screw manufactory,
a scythe manufactory, 2 shops with hammers for
the manufacture of gun barrels, &c. a button
manufactory, and some snicdler manufactories.
SAL
SAL
663
Salisbun/j Tp-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 21 m.N. E.
trtica. Pop. 1,252.
Salishunj, p-t. Orang^e co. N. Y.
I Sttlislmn/, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,S41.
Salisburi/, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on the Lehigh, 6 m.
S. W. Betlilehem. Pop. 933.
Salisbury^ p-t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 40.
Salisbury. Sec Smyrna, Delaware.
\ Salisbury, p-t. and port of entry, Somerset co.
I Md. at the forks of Wicomico river, 20 m. N. W.
Snowhill, 163 S. by W. Philadelphia. It contains
i 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Metho-
i dists, and about 80 houses; and carries on consid-
i crable trade in lumber.
I Salisbury, p-t. Rowan co. N. C. on Cane creek,
5 m. above its junction with the Yadkin, 34 S. W.
Salem, 120 W. Fayetteville. It is a flourishing
town, in a fertile country, and contains a court-
house and jail, and about 100 houses. In the
neighborhood of Salisbury is a remarkable wall of
stone, below the surface of the ground. It is 2 feet
(hick, and a pit has been sunk, by its side, 27 feet,
without reaching the bottom. Its course has been
traced between 200 and 300 feet. It is composed
of small irregular stones, strongly cemented, and
presenting an even and smooth surface.
Salisbury, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 325.
Salisbury, p-t. Wayne co. Indiana, 30 m. N.
Brookville.
Salisbury sound, a bay on the W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 136" W. Lat. 57" 30' N.
Saliserai, t. Grand Bukharia, the ancient ordi-
nary residence of the Khans of Zagatai, 60 m. E.
S. E. Termed.
Salla, La, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 43 m.
E. S. E. Salerno.
Salle, La, t. France, in Gard, 6 m. N. W. St.
Hypolite, 12 W. Alias. Pop. 2,010.
Salle pres Vihiers, La, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 4 m. W. Vihiers.
Sallce, or Sale, seaport, Africa, on the Atlantic,
in the kmgdom of Fez, at the mouth of the river
Sallce, was formerly capable of receiving large
ihips, but the sand has now so choked up the
ontrance, that ships of 200 tons cannot enter
it, till their guns and ballast are taken out. It is
a walled town, and has a battery which commands
(he road, and a redoubt which defends the en-
trance of the river. 42 m. W. Mequinez. Lon.
<i"40' W. Lat. 34° 3' N.
Sallecolakit, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the S.
W. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121° 25' E. Lat. 6"
4Q' N.
Salient, t. Spain, in Arragon, 13 m. N. Jaca.
Sallero, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
Lapland, Lat. 69° 20' N.
Salles, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. N. E. Ga-
1 !lac.
Salles, t. France, in Gard, 6 m. N. Alais.
Salles, t. France, in Charente, 5 m. S. Cognac.
Sallian, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur, near
trie Caspian sea.
Sallies, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 m. W.
Orthes, 1 1 N. St. Palais. Pop. 6,205.
Salloor, t. Hindostan, in the Cicacole, 45 m. W.
Cicacole.
Salloorgant, fort, Hindostan, in Cicacole, 38 m.
^V. Cicacole.
Salm, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 11 m. S.
^. E. Spa, 38 N. Luxemburg.
Salm, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 24 m. 'W, S.
^V. Strasburg, 38 N. E. Epinal.
H
-"g^ y?.^..' i^-F-?
Salm, r. Germany, which runs into, the Moselle,
8 m. below Treves.
Salmais, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 18 m, N. W.
Dijon.
Salmansiveiler, a princely abbey of Germany,
on a river which runs into the lake of Constance,
9 m. N. N. E. Constance, 24 E. Schaffhausen.
Salmedina, t. New Granada, 5 m. N. Porto
Bello.
Salmis, t. Russia, in Viborg, on lake Ladoga, 28
m. N. W. Olonetz.
Salmisch, r. Russia, which runs into the Sak-
marah, 16 m. N. Orenburg.
Salmon, r. Ct. which runs into Connecticut riv-
er in East Haddam.
Salmon Cove, harbor in Observatory inlet, on
the W. coast of America. Lon. 230° 21' E. Lat.
55" 20' N.
Salmtm creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the S.
end of Cayuga lake.
Salmon creek, r. N. Y. which runs into lake On-
tario, 4 m. N. Mexico point.
Salmon creek, r. N.Y. which runs into the St.
Lawrence, at Fort Covington, after a course of
about 70 miles. It is navigable for boats 8 mile?,
to French mills. About 16 miles from its mouth
are the falls. The river vmich is 15 or 20 rods
wide, after a rapid course for a mile, during which
the descent is about 30 feet, it falls perpendicu-
larly 110 feet, making the whole descent 140 feet.
For a mile and a half below, the banks are lofty
walls, more than 100 feet high, generally perpen-
dicular, but frequently shelving over the stream
several yards. At the foot of the falls, salmon are
caught in abundance.
Sahnone, in Sac. Geog. the E. cape of the island
of Crete, opposite Cnidus and Rhodes.
SaImo7i fall, a name applied to the Piscataqua,
from its source to the lower falls at Berwick.
Salmon river, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into the St. John, in lon. 67" 32' W. Lat. 47" N.
Salmujisier, t. Hesse-Cassel, in Fulda, 25 m. S,
W. Fulda. Pop. 1,000.
Salo, t. Austrian Italy, near lake Garda, 14 m.
N. E. Brescia. Pop. 5,000.
Salo, t. Finland, 26 m. S. E. Abo.
Salo, t. Buenos Ayres, 100 m. S. E. Rioja.
Salobrenna, t. Spain, in Grenada, near the
coast of the Mediterranean, with a strong castle,
4 m. W. Motril.
Salombo, a cluster of islands in the E. Indian
ocean. Lon. 1 13" 13' E. Lat. 5" 30' S.
Salomon Islands. See Solomon Islands.
Salon, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 18
m. W. N. W. Aix. Lon. 5" 10' E. Lat. 43" 38' N.
Salona, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on a river
which runs into a bay of the gulf of Lepanto, call-
ed the gulf of Salona, 22 m. N. W. Livadia. Lon.
22"31'E. Lat. 38" 48' N.
Salona, seaport, Dalmatia, in a small bay of the
Adriatic, 6 m. N. Spalatro. Lon. 16° 44' E. Lat.
43° 26' N.
Salonild, seaport, Eu.' Turkey, in Macedonia,
on a gulf to which it gives name. It was formerly
called Halia and Therma; but Cassander building
it anew, g-ave it the name of his spouse Thessalon-
tea. It is admirably situated for trade, and is alstj
distinguished for the stately remains of its ancieni
grandeur. The Christians here, were, in early
times, so considerable, that St. Paul addressed
them in two epistles. 272 m. W. Constantinople,
752 E. P. E, Ragi7=H. L^n. 23" E. Lat. 40" 40' N .
664
SAL
Salop. See Shropshire.
Salopar, t. Ceylon, 18 m. N. N. W. Trinkamaly.
Salori, t. Sardinia, 20 m. W. Cagliari.
Salomay, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 16 m.
N. W. Macon.
Saloun, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Cas-
pian sea, 20 m. N. W. Amol.
Saloipacki, isl, in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 131''
38' E. Lat.3°50'N.
Salpe, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 23 m. S. Man-
fredonia, 92 E. N. E. Naples.
Salpha, t. Hindostan, in Visiapour, 20 m. N. N.
E. Sattarah.
Salrico, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 40 m. VV. S. W.
Cape Corrientes. Lat. 20'* 2' N.
Salseda, t. Spain, in Galicia, 18 m. E. N. E.
Compostella.
Salsas, t. and fort, France, in Eastern Pyrenees,
9 m . N. Perpignan.
SalseUe, isl. near the VV. coast of Hindostan,
about 40 leagfues in circumference. It is fertile
in rice, fruit, and sugar. This island was former-
ly separated from Bombay by a narrow cliannel,
but is now connected with it by a causeway. It
is, to the East India company, a most desirable ac-
quisition, as the settlement of Bombay possessed
no territory beyond the small island on which it is
situated, and depended on foreign supplies for its
subsistence. Tauna, the principal town, is 25 m.
N. Bombay. Lon. 72" 50' E. Lat. 19" 12' N.
Salt sea. SeeDeadsea.
Salta, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 25 m. S. Serrain.
Salta, t. Buenos Ayres, containing 7 churches,
^nd 9,000 inhabitants. It is a place of great re-
sort, on account of the large quantities of corn,
meal, wine, cattle, salt, meat, fat, hides, and oth-
er commodities, which are sent to Peru. 50 m. S.
•St. Salvador, 165N. St. jMigueldeTucuman. Lou.
66° 30' W. Lat. 24° 40' S.
Saltaim, lake, Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 72° 14'
E. Lat. 56" N.
Saltash, seaport, England, in Cornwall, on the
Tamar, 5 m. N. W. Plymouth. Lon. 4° 6' W.
Lat. 50° 24' N.
Saltcoats, seaport, Scotland, in Ayr, on the frith
of Clyde, 22 m. 3. W. Glasgow, 10 N. N. W. Ayr.
Lon. 4" 37 W. Lat. 55° 41' N. Pop. 2,325.
Saltash. See Plymouth, Vt.
Salt Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the S. side
of the Scioto, 15 m. below Chillicothe.
Salt creek, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E.
Zanesville.
Salt creek, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Woos-
ter. Pop. in 1819,730.
Salt creek, t. Hocking co. Ohio.
Salt creek, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Cir-
cle ville.
Saltees, 2 islands in St. George's channel, near
tlie S. coast of Ireland, 10 m. W. S. W. Carnsore
point. Lon. 6° 37' W. Lat. 52° 8' N.
Salten, i. Norway, 260 m. N. Drontheim.
Saltfeel, seaport, England, in LiYicoln, 33 m. N.
E. Lincoln. Lat. 53° 22' N.
Saltjleet, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, On lake On-
tario.
Saltholm, isl. Denmark, 5 m. S. E. Copenhagen.
L on. 12° 46' E. Lat. 55° 58' N.
Saltholmen, isl. Denmark, near the coast of Zea-
land. Lon. 1 1° 23' E. Lat 54° 39' N.
Saltketchers. See Combahee.
Salt river, r. Kentucky, which is chiefly formed
by the union of three streams, Floyd's, Rolling,
and Beach forks, and flows into the Ohio, 20 m.
SAL
below Louisville. It is 160 yards wide at its
mouth, and is navigable 65 miles. On its banks
are innumerable salt licks.
Salt river, r. Missouri, which joins the Missis-
sippi, 103 m. above St. Louis, 73 above the mouth
of the Illinois. It is navigable 200 miles.
Salt spring, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Ohio, 10 m. below the mouth of the Wabash.
Saltpetre creek, r. Baltimore co, Md. which runs
into the W. side of Gunpowder creek, 14 m. N. E.
Baltimore.
Salto, t. New Grenada, 72 m. N. N. W. Santa
Fe de Bogota. Lon. 73° 50' W. Lat. 5° 15' N.
Salvadigo, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, near
the coast of Natolia. Lon. 26" 56' E. Lat. 37'
6' i\.
Salvages, uninhabited islands in the Atlantic
ocean, lying N. of the Canaries. They belong to
tlie Portuguese. Lon. 15° 54' W. Lat. 30" 4' N.
Salraignac, t. France, in Tarn, 21 m. N. N. E.
Toulouse.
Sahaterra, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 15 ra.
S. Santarem.
Salvaterra, t. Italy, 18 m. E. Cremona.
Sahaterra do Extrema, i. Portugal, in Beira, on
the borders of Spain. Lon. 6° 36' W. Lat. 39"
43' N.
Saluda, r. S. C. which runs S. E. and joins
Broad river, just above Columbia, to form the
Congaree.
Salum, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
in lat. 12° 45' N.
Salum, t. Tyrol, 10 m. N. Trent.
Saluzzo, t. Piedmont, at the foot of the Mari-
time Alps, near the Po. It is a bishop's see. 20
m. S. S. W. Turin. Lon. 7° 29' E. Lat. 44" 33' N.
Pop. 10,150.
Salicatty, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the N.
W. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 131° 15' E. Lat,
1° 6' S.
Salz, r. Germany, which runs into Werra, 2m.
S. Salz Uflen, in the county of Lippe.
Saltdalem, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruns-
wick. Here are great salt-works. 4 m. N. E.
Wolfenbutt^l.
Sals der Helden, t. Hanover, in Gottingen, with
a salt-work, 2 m. S. Einbeck, 8 N. Nordheim.
Salz-deffurt, t. Hanover, in Hildesheim, with a
salt-work, 8 m. S. E. Hildesheim. Pop. 1,000.
Salzhemmendorf, t, Hanover, with three salt
springs, 12 m. E. S. E. Hameen, 19 W. S. W. Hil-
desheim.
Salz Uflen, t. Germany, in Lippe-Detmold, 11
m. N. Detmold, 14 S. W. Minden.
Salza, Great, t. Prussian states, with two salt-
springs, 12 m. S. Magdeburg. Lon. 12° E. Lat.
52° N.
Salza, or Salzach, r. Germany, which runs into
the Inn, 5 m. N. N. E. Burkhausen.
Salzburg, city, Germany, formerly capital of
the archbishopric of the same name, now the chief
place in a quarter or district of Lower Austria,
is situated between three mountains, on the river
Salza, which runs through the city. It is well for-
tified. The mountain castle which stands on the
right side of the river, is very strong. Among the
public buildings are the archbishop's palace, a ca-
thedral, a university, and an amphitheatre. 68 m.
E. S. E. Munich, 140 W. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 13"
E. Lat. 47° 47' N. Pop. 16,300.
Salzburg, formerly an archbishopric and princi-
pality of Germany, of which the city of Salzburg
was the capital, 100 miles long from E. to W. and
SAM
SAM
665
V I irom N. to S. It now forms part of the Salz-
burg quarter in Lower Austria.
Salzkotlen, or SoUkoil, t. Prussian states, in
Westphalia, 6 m. S. W. Paderborn, 10 E. S. E.
Lippstatt. Lon. 8° 22' E. Lat. 51" 36' N. Pop.
1,100.
Salzliebenhall, or Salsgitter, t. Hanover, in Ilil-
desheim, 11 m. N. Goslar.
Salzola, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 m. E. S. E.
As col i.
Salsungen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, on
the VVerra, celebrated for its salt-ajirings, 7 m. N.
W. Schmalkalden. Pop. 2,300.
Salzivedel, or Soliicede.l, t. Prussian states, in
Saxony, on the Jetze. It has manufactures of
cloth, serge, &c 26 m. N. W. Stendal, 68 S. E.
Hamburg. Lon. 11" 20' E. Lat. 52° 40' N. Pop.
6,000.
Sama, or Schama, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast,
wher^ the Dutch have a fort.
Sama, or St. John^ r. Africa, which runs into
the Atlantic, in lon. 1"35' E. Lat. 4° 31' N.
Samaab Karb, isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 28°
16' .N.
Samad»im, t. Arabian Irac, on the Euphrates,
115 m. S. Bagdad.
Hamak, or Samahe, isl, in the S. W. part of the
gulf ot Persia. Lon. 48° 35' E. Lat. 26° 40' N.
Samalont, t. Egypt, on the W. side of the Nile,
14 m. S. Abu Girge.
Sninana, isl. near the E. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 69° 22' W. Lat. 19" 13' N.
Samanah, t. Hindostan, 25 m. W. N. W. Delhi.
Lon. 75°58'E. Lat. 30° 1' N.
Samar, or Samal, one of the Philippine islands,
120 leagues in circumference. The soil is ex-
tremely fertile, and easily cultivated. It produ-
ces rice, potatoes, cabbages, garlic, onions, mel-
ons, the Chinese oranges, lemons, &:c. The na-
tives were formerly Mahometans; but the mis-
sionary Jesuits converted them to the religion and
allegiance of Spain. Lon. 124" 15' to 125" 52' E.
Lat. 11" 15' to 12" 45' IV.
Samara, t. Russia, in Upha, at the union of the
rivers Salmisch and Sakmara, 12 m. N. Orenburg.
Lon. 55° 4' E. Lat. 53" N.
Samara, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, near the Volga,
76 m. S. S. E. Simbirsk. Lon. 49° 26' E. Lat. 53"
20' N.
Samarang, t. on the N. coast of Java, at the
mouth of a river of the same name. It is a forti-
fied town, and is the most considerable settlement
next to Batavia, in Java. 230 m. E. Batavia. Lon.
110"39'E. Lat. 6° 54' S.
Samarcand, city, Asia, and capital of a province
in Great Bukharia, called MawaralnaJir, or Sa-
marcand; supposed to be the Marakanda of the
ancients. It is not now so splendid as in times
past, yet is still very large, and well peopled. It
is fortified with strong bulwarks of earth. The
icademy of sciences in this city is one of the most
eminent among the Mahometans, and is re-
sorted to from all the neighbouring countries.
The province of Samarcand or Mawaralnahr,
is in the eastern part of Bukharia, and extends
to the borders of Kashgar, being about 500
nailes long from W. to E. and 450 from N. to S.
This country was formerly full of flourishing cit-
ies, most of which are at present ruined or fallen
to decay. Lon. 63" 20' E. Lat. 39" 45' N.
Samaria, in Sac. Geog. one of the three tetrar-
Aies into which Palestine was divided by the
Romans. It was situated between Judea and
84
Galilee, and comprised Ephrai'm, Issachar, and
part of Manasseh. Its capital, the city of Sa-
maria, stood on a mountain of the same name,
and was the seat of the kings of Israel.
Samata, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 7 m. N. W. Dea-
dera.
Samba, seaport. New Granada, 30 m. N. E.
Carthagena. Lon. 75" 16' W. Lat. 10" 40' N.
Sambacoong, isl. in tlie E. Indian sea. Lon. 1 17°
24' E. Lat. 4" 6' N.
Samballas, a numerous cluster of small islands
along the northern shore of the isthmus of Da-
rien. Lon. 78" 25' W. Lat. 9° 26' N.
Samballos Point, cape on the N. coast of the
isthmus of Darien. Lon. 79° 14' W. Lat. 9"
36' N.
Sambas, seaport of Borneo, and capital of the
kingdom of the same name, on the W. coast, much
frequented by the Chinese. Lon. 109" E. Lat. 2"
20' N.
Sambehng Islands, in the Indian sea, among the
Nicobar islands, Lon. 100° 36' E. Lat. 41° 20' N.
Samboangan, t. on the S. W. coast of Minda-
nao, Lon. 122° 1 r E. Lat. 6" 45' N.
Samborough, isl. near the S. coast of Nova Sco-
tia. Lon. 63" 32' W. Lat. 44" 30' N.
Sambre, r. which rises in France, in the depart-
ment of the Aisne, passes by Chatillon, Landre-
cy, Barlemont, Thuin, Charleroy, &:c. and joins
the Meuse at Namur.
Samburgh Head, cape, Scotland, at the S. E.
extremity of tiie island of Shetland. Lon. 1" 39 '
E. Lat. 39" 44' N.
Samen, t, Switzerland, in Berne, 24 m, S. Fri-
burg, 25 E. S. E. Lausanne.
Samira, or Scrramenrai, t. Arabian Irak, on the
Tigris, 70 m. N. N. W. Bagdad, 140 S. E. Mosul.
Lon. 43° 7' E. Lat. 34" 20' N.
Samisat, t. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, 70 m.
W. Ourfa. Lon, 37" 20' E. Lat. 37" 10' N.
Sammanger-Jioerd, bay on the coast of Norway,
12 m. S. Berghen.
Samo Poulo, isl. near the W. coast of the island
of Samos.
Samoeides, a people inhabiting the N. W. part
of Russia, towards the Frozen sea, part of whom
live in the j^overnment of Archangel, quite sepa-
rated from the rest of their tribe, 'fhey are all
very jioor, simple, and undesigning. Their taw-
ny complexion, long eyes, and puffed cheeks,
make them appear very disagreeable to strangers.
Their furs, which they dispose of to the Russians
for trifles, are the finest in the whole empire.
Samogitia, formerly a province of Poland,
bounded N. by Courland, E. by Lithuania, S. by
Prussia, and W. by Prussia and the Baltic. Ex-
tent, 8,000 sq. miles. It now belongs to Russia.
Samoria, t. Hungary, 8 m. S. E. Presburg.
Samos, r. Transylvania, which runs into the
Theyss, 12 m. N. Ested in Hungary.
Samos, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 24 miles
long and 10 wide, separated from Asia by a nar-
row strait, called the Little Boghas. It is the see
of a Greek bishop. All the mountains of this isl-
and are of white marble. The muscadine grapes
are the best fruit of the island. The silk of this
island is very fine. Their honey and wax are ad-
mirable. The principal harbor is that of Vati,
on the N. side of the island. Lou. 26" 50' E. Lat.
37" 43' N. Pop. estimated at 12,000.
Samotraki, isl. of the Mediterranean, 4 m. W.
Corfu.
Samotraki, or Samondraki, isl. u* the Grecian
66Q
S A N
archipelago. It has a spacious harbor. Lou. 25"
39'E. Lat. 40°18'N.
Sanipoo, small isl. near the S. coast of Java.
Loh. 112° 26' E. Lat. 8" 23' S.
Sampson, co. in the S. part of N. C. Pop. 6,620,
including 2,049 slaves. At the court-house is a
post-office.
Samptown, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 13 m. S. W.
Elizabethtown.
Samsoe, isl. Denmark, between North Jutland
and Zealand. Lon. 10" 30' E. Lat. 55" 56' N.
Samsoun, seaport, A. Turkey, on a bay of the
Black sea, 50 m. N. W. Tocat, 100 N. W. Sivas.
Lon. 36" 20' E. Lat 41" 4' N.
Samsoun Kalasi, t. Natolia, 16 m. N. N. W. Mi-
lets.
Samulcotta, t. Hindostan, in Rajamundry, 24 m.
E. Rajamundry.
Samuma, t. Hindostan, in Oade, 15 m. N. E.
Goorackpour.
Samura, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Caspian
sea, 15 m. S. Derbend.
San, r. Poland, which runs into the Vistnla, at
Sandomirz.
San, or Tanah, t. Egypt, 29 m. S. E. Damietta.
Lon. 32" 7' E. Lat. 30" 55' N.
San Giuliano, t. Sicily, in the valley of Mazara,
2 m. S. E. Trapani.
San Roque, t. Spain, in Seville, 3 m. N. Gibral-
tar.
Sana, city, Arabia, in Yemen, at the foot of
Mount Nikkum, on which are still to be seen the
ruins of a castle. Great quantities of grapes arei
dried here; and the exportation of raisins is con-
siderable. 128 m. N. N. E. Mocha. Lon. 44" 9'
E. Lat. 15" 21' N.
Sana, or Zana, t. Pera, 80 m. N. Truillo.
Sanajir, isl. in the Red sea, 408 m. N. N. W.
Jidda. Lon. 45" E. Lat. 27° 45' N.
Sanasbygotta, t. Bengal, 68 m. N. E. Parneah.
148 N. Moorghedabad. Lon. 88" 28' E. Lat. 26"
38' N.
Sanborniown, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the
point of land between Winnipiseogee and Pemi-
gewasset rivers, 20 m. N. Concord. It contains 3
churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregation-
aJists. Pop. 2,884.
Sancerre, t. France, in Cher, 12 m. N. E. Bour-
ges, 24 N. N. W. Nevers. Lon. 2° 55' E. Lat.47"
20' N.
Sancian, or Chang-tehuen-chan, isl. near the
coast of China, where the celebrated Francis
Xavier lies buried. 40 m. S. VV. Macao.
Sancoins, t. France, in Cher, 13 m. S. W. Ne-
vers, 25 S. E. Bourges. Lon. 3" E. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Sancoiy Head, the E. point of Nantucket island.
Lon, 69" 58' W. Lat. 41" 16' N.
Sand Island, small isl. near the east coast of
Madagascar. Lon. 50" 40' E. Lat. 12" 40' S.
Sanda, isl. near the W. coast of Scotland. Lon.
5"33'W. Lat. 55" 22' N.
Sandakan Bay, bay on the E. coast of Borneo,
ton. 1 18" 20' E. Lat. 5" 42' N.
Sandal, a lake of Russia, in Olonetz, about 24
miles long and 1 broad, 48 m. N. Petrozavodsk.
Sandarlik, t. Natolia, on the N. side of the gulf
of Sandarlik, 4 m. S. Pcrgamo. Lon. 26" 55' E.
Lat. 38" 56' N.
Sandau, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Elbfe, 48 m. N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Sanday, one of the Orkney islands, 12 miles
long. Lon. 2" 30' W. Lat. 59" 7' N.
Sandbach^ t. England, in Cheshire, 11 m. S. E.
SAN
Northwitch, 161 N. W. London. Lon. 2' 32' W.
Lat. 53" 12' N.
Sandbay, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis-
sippi, between the Illinois and Rock rivers.
Sandejioerd, seaport, Norway, in Christiana, 6
m. S. Tonsberg.
Sandel Bosch, or Sundana Island, isl. in the E,
Indian sea, about 80 miles from E. to W. and from
15 to 36 broad. Lon. 119" 33' to 120" E. Lat. 9"
35' to 10" 15' S.
Sander's, v. Fayette co. Ken. 2i m. from Lex-
ington.
Sanderson'' s Hope, cape on the coast of N. Amer-
ica, in Davis's straits. Lon. 67° W. Lat. 66°
20' N.
Sandersville, t. and cap. Washington co. Geo.
26 m. E. Milledgeville.
Sandford, p-t. York co. Maine, 20 m. N. York.
Sandgate, small place of England, in Kent, 1 1
m. S. Dover, 73 E. S. E. London. Lon. 1° 10' E.
Lat. 61" 15' N.
Sandgate, t. Bennington co. Vt. 20 m. N. Ben-
nington. Pop. 1,187.
Sandhamn, seaport, Sweden, where all vessels
to and from Stockholm are examined ; 10 m. E.
Stockholm.
Sandisjield, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. E.
Lenox. Pop. 1,648. It is now united to South-
field.
Sandiston, t. Sussex coi N. J. on the Delaware,
1 1 m. above Walpack. Pop. 703.
Sand lake, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 8 m. E. Al-
bany.
Sandoe, one of the Faroer islands, in the North
sea, about 10 miles long and 5 broad. Lon. 6° 40'
W. Lat. 61" 35' N.
Sandomir, or Sandomirz, t. Austrian states, in
Galicia, near the Vistula. Its delightful situation
rendered it the favourite residence of Casimirthe
Great, and other kings of Poland. It is well for-
tified, both by nature and art. 80 m. E. N. E.
Cracow, 95 N. W. Lemberg. Lon. 21" 50' E.
Lat. .50" 33' N.
Sandoran, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 12" 16' E. Lat. 63" 30' N.
Sandown, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 23 m. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 504.
Sandown Bay, bay of the English channel, oij.
the E. coast of the isle of Wight.
Sand's point, the N. extremity of Cow neck, in
North Hempstead, on Long Island, N. Y. Here
is a light-house.
Sandvliel, or Santvliet, t. Brabant, 11m. N. N.
W. Antwerp, 25 S. W. Breda.
Sandusky, r, Ohio, which after a N. W. course
of 80 miles, runs into Sandusky bay in lake Erie.
It is navigable throughout its course. The port-
age between this river and the Scioto is only 4
miles.
Sandusky bay, a large bay of Ohio, setting up
from lake Erie in a westerly direction, about 20
miles, having a width of 3 or 4 miles.
Sandusky, co. Ohio, around Sandusky bay, form-
ed in 1820, in the Indian reservation.
Sanduskrj, t. Sandusky co. Ohio, on Sandusky
river, opposite Croghansville.
Sandusky, city, Huron co. Ohio, on the S. shore
of Sandusky bay, 2 m. from lake Erie, 25 N. E.
Croghansville, 70 N. E. Columbus, 240 W. Buf-
falo. It is regularly laid out, and from its advan-
tageous position bids fair to become a place of im-
portance. The steam-boat touches at this placcj
on its passage betweea Buffalo and Detroit.
$ A N
Sandusky, Lower, and Upper. See Fort Ferret
and Fort Stephenson.
Sandwich, t. Eng. in Kent. It sends two mem-
bers to parliament. 14 m. N. Dover, 67 E. Lon-
don. Lon. r 20' E. Lat. 51" 16' N. Pop. 6,506.
Sandwich, t. and cap. Essex co. Up. Canada, on
Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit. It is built
principally on a single street, and contains 2
churches, 1 for Catholics, and 1 for Episcopa-
lians.
Sandwich, p-t. Stratford co. N. H. 41 m. N.
Concord. Pop. 2,232.
Sandwich, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. on the
coast, 12 m. X. W. Barnstable, 60 S. Boston. Pop.
2, 382, Here is an academy.
Sandwich Gulf, a lai-ge bay at the S. E. extrem-
ity of Florida.
Sajidicich Island, one of the New Hebrides,
about 80 miles in circumference. Lon. 168" 35'
E. Lat. 17° 40' S.
Sandwich Island, isl. near the W. coast of New
Ireland. Lon. 149" 15' E. Lat 3" 5' S.
Sandwich Islands, a cluster of islands in the
North Pacific ocean, discovered by Capt. Cook,
and Capt King in 1778. Thev lie between 18"
50' and 22° 20' N. lat. and between 154° 55' and
160° 15' W lon. They are extended in a direc-
[ tion W. N. W. and E. S. E. Owhyhee beiug the
I southeastern island, and Oneehow the northwcst-
I ern. The length, breadtli, sq. miles, and osti-
I mated population of each is given in the following
i table :
■population
150,000
65,000
$ A N
66'?
length.
breadth
sq. miles
97
78
4,000
48
29
600
11
8
60
17
9
110
40
9
170
46
23
520
33
28
520
20
7
80
1
*
6,000
20,000
36,000
60,000
54,000
10,500
uuinhab.
Owhyhee
Mowee
Taboorowa
Ranai
Morotoi
Woahoo
Atooi
Oneehow
Tahoora
Total 6,000 400,000
The following distances of the different islands
from each other are estimated from the nearest
parts of one island to the nearest parts of the oth-
er. Mowee is N. W. of Owhyhee, 30 miles :
Morotoi W. N. W. of Mowee, 10; from Owhy-
hee, 75 : Tahoorowa, S. W. of the southern part
of Mowee, 7 ; from Owhyhee, 38 : Ranai, W. of
Mowee, 9 ; and the same distance S. of Morotoi :
Woahoo, W. N.W. of Morotoi, 27; from Owhy-
hee, 130: Atooi, W, N. W. of Woahoo, 75 ; from
Owhyhee, 250 : Oneehow, W. S. W. of Atooi, 17;
from Owhyhee, 290 : Tahoora, little more than
a rock, S. W. of Oneehow, 23. The distance from
the eastern point of Owhyhee to the N. W. side of
Oneehow is about 390 miles.
The natives of these islands are generally well
made, and above the middle size ; their complex-
ion is rather darker than that of the Otaheiteans.
During the short time since they became ac-
quainted with Europeans, they have made the
most rapid improvement in civilization. Several
Europeans have settled in the islands, and com-
municated the knowledge of some of the useful
arts. The worship of idols, and the sacrifice of
human victims were formerly universally preva-
lent, and so deeply rooted were these pagan cus-
toms, that theh* convers.ion to Christianity was
pronoanced hopeless, A. most astonishing change,
however, has recently taken place. In 1819, the
go •-;rament and the people almost unanimously-
determined to abandon their idols, and to commit
them with all the monumsnts of idolatry to the
tlames. This wax done at Owhyhee; then at
Woahoo, and then at Atooi, without the least op--
position. Tamoree, king of Atoo', expressed a
strong desire that missionaries should come and
teach the people to read and write. The princi-
pal means which Providence used to bring about
this surprising revolution, was the continually re-
peated rumor of what had been done in the Society
islands, and the continually repeated assurance
of our sea-captains and sailors, that the whole
system of idolatry was foolish and stupid. Before
the news of this revolution reached America, the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions, had resolved to establish a mission in
these islands, and the missionaries had already
embarked at Boston. The whole number of per-
sons; constituting the mission was 22, viz. 2 or-
dained missionaries, 2 catechists and schoolmas^
ters, a farmer, a printer, and their wives and fam-
ilies, together with 3 natives of the Sandwich isl-
ands, who had been educated at the Foreign Mis-
sion school in Cormvall, Connecticut. Accom-
panying the mission also was George Tamoree,
son of the king of Atooi, who received his educa-
tion at the Foreign Mission school. Upon the ar-
rival of the missionaries at the islands they were
favourably received, and their prospects of use-
fulness are very encouraging.
Sandwich River, or Haiike''s River, r. Nova>
Scotia, which runs into Chebucto bay.
Sandwich Land, name given by Capt. Cook to
the most southevly. land in the S. Atlantic ooean;
otherwise called Southern Thnle. Lat, 59° 30' S,
Sandi/, t. Hind, in Oude, 45 m. W. S. W. Kai-
rabad. Lon. 81" 22' E. Lat. 27° 17' N,
Sandy, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 460.
Sandy Cove, lies N. W. of Cape Ann, Maag,
Lon. 70" SO' W. Lat. 42" 45' N,
Sandy Creek, r. Genesee co. N. Y. which rurfs
into Lake Otario in the town of Murray.
Sandy Creek, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop. 327.
Sandy Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into Nimis-
hillen creek, 5 miles above its junction with the
Muskingum.
Sandy Creek, r, Illinois, which runs into the
Ohio between Saline river and Fort Massac.
Sandy Fork, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va,
Sandy Hill, p-v. Kingsbury township, in Wash-
ington CO. N. Y. is a handsome compact village,
on a high sandy plain, on the E. bank of the Hud-
son, near Baker's falls, 52 m. N. of Albany. It is
near the point where the Champlain canal meets
the Hudson, and is a place of considerable trade.
The courts of Washington co. are alternately
held here and at Salem.
Sandy Hook, in INIiddleton, N, J. 25 m. S. New-
York. Lon. 74° 2' W. Lat. 40° 30' N. Here is a
light-house. Within the hook is a safe and ca|fflt-
cious harbour,
Sandy Hook, p-v, Culpeper co. ^^a.
Sandy Inlet, channel between two small islands
near the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 77"34'W.
Lat. 34° 29' N.
Sandy Island, isl. in the East Indian sea. Lon.
112°48'E. Lat 10" 40' N.
Sandy Island, small isl. near the W. coast of Su-
matra. ■ Lon. 100° 1 8' E. Lat, 1" 50' S.
esB
SAN
Sandi/ Islands, two small islands in the Chinese
sea. Lon. 116" 40' E. Lat. 10"^ 45' N.
^andy Lake, t, Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 403.
Sandy Lake, lake in N. W. Territory, about 12
miles in circumference, communicating with the
Mississippi by Sandy Laie river, which is 2 miles
long, 30 yards wide at its mouth, and boatable.
On the S. shore of the lake, near its outlet, is a
fort erected by the N. \V. Fur Campany in 1794,
and now in possession of the American S. W.
Company. The elevation of the lake above lake
Superior, is estimated by Schoolcraft at more
than 500 feet. It receives West Savannah river,
from which there is a portage of 6 miles to the
East Savannah flowing into St. Louis river. This
is the usual route of communication between the
Great Lakes and the Mississippi.
Sandy Point, the N. point of Nantucket island,
Mass. Lon. 70" VV. Lat. 41° 23' N.
Sandy Point, the S. E. extremity of Barnstable
CD. Mass. Lon. 69" 35' W. Lat. 41" 24' N.
Sandy River, r. Maine, which runs N. E. and
joins the Kennebeck in Starks, 6 m. above Nor-
ridgewock.
Sandy River, Kentucky. See Big Sandy,
Sandy Spring, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Sandy Spring, p-t. Adams co. Ohio.
Sandy Store, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Sncn, or Sana, or Same, r. Switz. which mm
into the Aar, 7 m. VV. Berne.
Saiien, or Gessenay, t. Switz. in Berne, 24 m.
S. Friburg, 23 E. S. E. Lausanne.
Sanford, t. York co. jMaine, 20 m. N. of York.
Pop. 1,492.
Sangaar, Straits of, narrow channel of the Pa-
cific ocean, between the island of Jesso and Japan.
Sangallan, small isl. and capte on the coast of
Peru. Lat. 13° 45' S.
Sangam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, on the Pen-
nar, 24 m. W. N. W, Nellore.
Sangam, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, on the right
bank ol the Godavery, 32 m. E. Kondur.
Sangama, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan-
tic near Cape Formosa.
Sangamoin, r. Illinois, which falls into Illinois
river from the E. It is navigable 150 miles.
Sangboy, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Min-
danao. Lon. 121" 40' E. Lat. 6" 52' N.
Sangerfield, t. Hancock co. Maine, on Piscata-
quis river.
Sangerfield, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 15 m. S. by
"VV. Utica. Pop. 1,324. Here is a printing office,
at which a weekly newspaper is published.
Sangcrsfiausen, t. Frusian States, in Saxony,
near the Hartz Forest, 44 m. W, Leipsic, 35 N.
Erfurt. Lon. 41" 25' E. Lat. 51° 20' N. Pop.
5,100.
SangerviUe, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 35 m. N.
W. Bangor.
Sanghin, t. France, in North, 5 m. S. E. Lille.
Sangir, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 24 miles
long and 8 broad. Lon. 125" 21' E. Lat. 3"
36' N.
Sangori, or Sancori, isl. in the gulf of Siam, 20
miles in circumference. Lon. 99" 54' E. Lat.
10° 16' N.
Sangro, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriat-
ic, in lat. 42" 18' N.
Sangutsa, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the river Ar-
agon, anciently called Iturissa, 11 m. S. S. W.
Pamplona, 51 N. W. Saragossa. Lon. 1" 25' W.
Lat. 42" 29' N.
SAN
Sajiguin, or Zanwjn, v. Africa, on the Grairv
coast. Lon. 9" 5' W. Lat. 5" 22' N.
Sanguinera, small isl. in the Grecian Archipe-
lago. Lon. 27° 10'" E. Lat. 36" 51' N.
Sanjalli, or Joally, kingdom, Africa, extending
30 miles along the N. side of the river Gambia.
Sankar, mountainous province of Thibet, be-
tween 79" and 81° E. lon. and 34" N. lat.
Sanne, or Senne, r. France, which runs into the
sea 3 m. from Dieppe.
Sanore, country, Hind, to the S. of Visiapour,
about 120 miles long, and 70 broad.
Sanore, t. and fort. Hind, on the left bank of the
Toom, 110 m. S. Visiapour, 200 N. N. W. Serin-
gapatam. Lon. 75" 50' E. Lat. 15" 40' N.
Sanquhar, t. Scotland, in Dumfries co. on the
Nith, 26 m. N. N. W. Dumfries, 45 S. S. E. Glas-
gow. Lon. 4° 2' W. Lat. 55" 25' N. Pop. 2,350.
Sansanding, t. W. Africa, in Bambara, on the
Niger, 25 m. N. E. Sego.
Sansego, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14° 36"
E. Lat. 44" 45' N.
Sansonate, or La Trinidad, s-p. Guatimala, 120
m. S. E. Guatimala.
San Souci, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
near Potsdam, where the king of Prussia has a
Santa, t. Peru, 210 m. N. N. W. Lima, 70 S. S,
E. Truxillo. Lon. 78" 48' W. Lat. 9" 3' S.
Santa, city, China, of the first rank, in Yun-
nan, 1,332 m. S. W. Peking. Lon. 107"36'E. Lat.
24° 40' N.
Santa Barbara, s-p. and Spanish settlement, on
the W. coast of N. America. Lat. 34° 24' N.
Santa Barbara de Timbiqui, t. New Grenada,
near the mouth of the river Plata, 30 m. N. W.
Barbacoa. Lat. 2" 12' N.
Santa Clara, one of the smaller Canary islands,
Lon. 13° 22' W. Lat. 29° 35' N.
Santa Cruz, s-p. Morocco, in Sus. It was long;
the centre of an extensive commerce, which is
now transferred to Mogadon TJie port is large
and very secure. Lon. 9" 30' W. Lat. 30" 28' N.
Santa Crus, s-p. on the S. E. coast of the island
of Teneriffe. Lon. 16" 30' W. Lat. 28° 30' x\.
Santa Cruz, r. Patagonia, which runs into the
Atlantic, in lat. 50° 25' S.
Santa Cruz, s-p. Cuba, 50 m. E. Havanna. Lon.
81" 5' W. Lat. 23" 11' N.
Santa Cruz, one of the Caribbee islands, in the
W. Indies, belonging to Denmark, 24 miles long,
and 9 broad. The soil is fertile, and highly cul-
tivated. Exports in 1810, 89,949/. Imports,
422,033/. Lon. 64° 35' W. Lat. 17° 45' N. Pop.
3,000 whites, and 30,000 slaves.
Santa Cruz, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 50
miles in circumference. Lon. 240° 43' E. Lat.
34° 7' N.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra la JVueva, t. and cap.
of a province, in the vicerovalty of Buenos Ayres.
Lon. 65" 10' W. Lat. 17" 30' S.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, province of the vicfe-
royalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Moxes,
E. by Chiquitos, S. by Chaco, and W. by La
Plata.
Santa Fe, province. New Grenada, named
from Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital.
Santa Fe, t. Buenos Ayres, at the conflux oi
the Salado with the Paraguay. Lon. 60° W. Lat.
31° 50' S'-
Santa Fe, t. Spain, in Grenada, 6 m. N. W.
Grenada, 35 S. Jaen.
Santa Fe, city, N. America, and cap. of NcwMex
SAO
ico ; tlie see of a bishop, and residence of a gov-
ernor, is on a small river which runs into the del
Norte. 1,131 m. N. N. W. Mexico, 1,020 N. W,
New-Orleans. Lou. 108° 48' W. Lat. 36° 50' N.
Pop 4,500.
Santa Fe d'Antioquia, t. New Grenada, in Po-
payan, on the river Cauca, 280 m. N. Popayan.
Lon. 74" 36' W. Lat. 6° 48' N.
Santa Fe de Bogota, city and cap. of New Gre-
nada, on a branch of the Magdalena. Lon. 74° 7'
W. Lat. 5° 24' N. Pop. 40,000.
Santa Maria, small isl. near the coast of Chili.
Lon. 73° 31' W. Lat. 37" 10' S.
Santa Maria, the most southerly of the Azore
inlands, in the Atlantic, about 30 miles in circum-
ference. Lon. 25° 9' W. Lat. 36° 57' N. Pop.
5,000.
Santa Maria. See St. Maria.
Santander, seaport, Spain, in Asturia ; the see
of a bishop. The harbor is lar^e and well fortifi-
«d. 73 m. N. Burgos. Lon. 3° 49' W. Lat. 43°
27' N.
SantaniUa, or Swan Islands, 2 small islands in
tile bay of Honduras. Lon. 83° 50' W. Lat. 17°
20' N.
Santaren, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
Tagus, defended by a citadel. It contains 13
churches, 13 convents, and several hospitals. 38
m. N. N. E. Lisbon, 24 S. W. Thomar. Lon. 8°
48' W. Lat. 39" 15' N. Pop. 8,000.
Santee River, the principal river of S. Caroli-
na, is formed by the union of the Congaree and
Wateree, about 25 miles S. E. of Columbia. It
runs S. E. and falls into the ocean by two mouths,
in lat. 33° 12' N. It is navigable at some seasons
to Morgantown, N. Carolina, on the Wateree
branch ; and on tlie Congaree, steam-boats as-
cend as far as Columbia. There is a canal, 22
miles long, connecting the Santee with Cooper
river, by which the produce of a large section of
this State, and of a part of N. Carolina, is carried
to the city of Charleston.
Santiago. See Composfclla.
Santillana, t. Spain, in Asturia, near the coast
of the bay of Biscay, 1 1 m. S. W, Santander, 82 E.
Oviedo. Lon. 4" 2' W. Lat 43° 23' N.
Santo Spiritu. See Spiritu Santo.
Sanlorin, or Santorini, isl. in the Grecian arch-
ipelago, (an. Thera, and Caliste,) 8 or 10 miles in
circumference. The trade of the island consists
principally in wine. In proportion to its extent
it is the richest and most populous island in the
iEgian sea. Lon. 23° 36' E. Lat. 36° 28' N.
Santos, t. and bav of Brazil, 35 m. S. S. E. St.
Pau. Lon. 46° 26' W. Lat. 24" S.
Saona, isl. near the S. coast of Hispaniola, 18
miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 69° 42' W. Lat.
18° 8' N.
Saone, r. France, which rises in Vosges, passes
by Chatillon, Auxonne, Verdun, Chalons, &c. and
joins the Rhone at Lyons.
Saone, (Upper,) a department of France, boun-
ied N. by Vosges, E. by Upper Rhine, S, by
Doubs and Jura, and W.by Cote d' Or and Upper
Marne. Vezoul is the capital.
Saon-and-Loire, a department of France,
bounded N. by Cote d'Or, E. by Jura, S. by Ain
and Rhone-and-Loire, and W. by Allier and Nie-
Tre. Macon is the capital.
Saorgio, t. Piedmont, on the summit of a rock,
yci a peninsula between the rivers Roia and Ben-
flola, 17 m. N. E. Nice, 6 S. Tenda. Pop. 4,000.
%tovktra, t. Thibet, 70 m. N. N. W. Sirina?ur.
S A R
669
Sapacvri, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 12°
25' W. Lat. 10° 45' N.
Sapadillas, 2 small islands near the coast of Ve-
raguay. Lon. 81° 55' W. Lat. 9° N.
Sapata, or Pulo Sapafa, isl. in the E. Indian
sea. Lon. 109" 10' E. Lat. 10° N.
Sapelo, small isl, off the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of the Alatamaha.
Saphey Tiie^, small isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88° 40' W. Lat. 17° 10' N.
Sapienza, 3 small islands in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of the Morea, opposite Modon. The
circumjacent sea is called the Sea of Sapienza.
Lon. 21° 34' E. Lat. 46° 53' N.
Sappar, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the W.
coast of Nassau. Lon. 99° 45' E. Lat. 2° 55' S.
Sappo, t. Africa, in Yani, on the S. side of the
Gambia. Lon. 14° 5' W. Lat. 13° 30' N.
Sapy, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
coast of Cumbava. Lon. 1 1 9° 18' E. Lat. 8° 33' S,
Sapy, Straits of, a narrow channel between the
islands of Cumbava andCommodo.
Sara bayou, r. Louisiana, which flows into the
Mississippi a little above Point Coupee.
Sar Louis, or Sar Libre, t. France, in Mo-
selle, on the Saare, 15 posts N. W. Strasburg, 6 E.
N. E. Metz. Lon. 6° 50' E. Lat. 49° 20' N.
Sarahville, t. and cap. Pope co. Illinois, on the
Ohio, 35 m. below Shawneetown, 1 10 from Kas-
kaskias.
Saragossa, or Zaragossa, city, Spain, and cap.
of Aragon, the see of an archbishop, is in a fertile,
plain on the Ebro. The city is large and hand-
some, the streets are long and broad, but dirty and
ill paved. It contains 17 large churches with 14
convents, besides smaller. The collegiate church
of Our Lady of the Pillar, is the most remarkable
edifice, both for its supposed miraculous image,
and also for its valuable treasure.?. This city is
rendered famous for its desperate resistance to the
French. It was forced to surrender January
21, 1809. 130 m. W. N. W. Barcelona, 160 N. E.
Madrid. Lon. 0° 48' W. Lat. 41° 44' N. Pop.-
42,000.
Sarak, small isl. in the Persian Gulf, 140 m. W.
OrmuE.
Saranac, r. N. Y. which runs into Lake Cham-
plain at Plattsburg, after a course of 65 miles.
Saransk, t. Russia, in Penza, 48 m. N. Penzi«.
Lon. 45" 14' E. Lat. 54" 15' N.
Saraput, t. Russia, in ViatkSi, 132 m. S. S, E,
Viatka. Lon. 62° 26' E. Lat. 56° 32' N.
Saraquino, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela-
go. Lon. 24" 4' E. Lat. 39" 27' N.
Saratoga, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties
of Warren, Washington, Rensselaer, Albany,
Schenectady, Montgomery, and Hamilton. Pop,
33,147. Chief town, Ballston.
Saratoga, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the W. side
of the Hudson, 12 m. N. E. Ballston, 31 N. Alba-
ny. It is memorable for the surrender of Bur-
goyne with his whole array consisting of 5,791 ef-
fective men, to General Gates, Oct. I7th 1777.
In 1818, the old town of Saratoga was divided.
The east part containing the celebrated battle
ground retains the original name o{ Saratoga. The
west part, containing the mineral waters, is called
Saratoga Springs. There is a post office in each
town.
Saratoga Springs, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 12 m.
W. of the Hudson, 7 N. N. E. Ballston, 32 N. Al-
bany. The celebrated mineral springs of Sarato-
ga are spread ovi: a tract of about 12 miles in ex ,
670
S A R
tent, la Saratoga co. and are called by a variety of
local names. The most noted are those of Ball-
ston and Saratov, which are superior to any
others in America. The names of the principal
springs in Sarato2:a are Rock Sprin?, Congress
Spring, and Columbia Spring. Rock Spring con-
tains carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, nmriate of
soda, super-carbonated lime, and a carbonate of
iron. These springs, during the summer months,
are the resort of the gay and fashionable, as well
as of invalids, from all parts of the United States.
Large houses for entertainment, with neat bathing
houses, are erected for the convenience of visi-
tors. The waters afford relief in many obstinate
diseases.
Saratoga, lake, in Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W.
Stillwater. It is 9 miles long and 2^ broad, and
■discharges its waters through the Fishkill into
Hudson river.
Saratov, t. Russia, and cap. of the government
of Saratovskoi. 392 m. S. E, Moscow, 732 S. E.
Petersburg. Lon. 45° 44' E. Lat. 51" 30' N.
Saratovskoi, government, Russia, bounded N. by
Tambov, Penza, and Simbirsk ; E. by Uphinskoi
and Caucasus ; S. by Caucasus and the country
of the Cossacs, and W. by Tambov and Veronez.
Lon. 40° to 52° E. Lat. 47" 40' to 53° N.
Sarburg, Sarreburg, or Sarbruck, t. France, in
Meurte, 33 m. E„ Nancy, 22 N. E. Luneville.
Lon. 7° 8' E. Lat. 48° 44' N.
Sarca, t. Tyrol, 15 m. W. Trent.
Sarchad, t. Syria, in the country beyond Jor-
<Ian, 45 ni. S. S. E. Damascus, 90 N. E. Jerusa-
lem.
Sardam, or Saenredam, s-p. Holland, supposed
to have the greatest magazines of timber for ships
and naval stores in the world 15 m. S. Alcraaer,
5 N. Amsterdam. Pop. 10,012.
Sardinia, isl. in the Mediterranean, about 140
miles long from N. to S. and 60 from E. to W. It
produces fruit of all sorts, and cattle in abundance,
but owing to its many morasses, the air is rendered
very unwholesome, and on this account it was that
the ancient Romans made it a place of banishment.
Extent, 9,200 square miles. Pop. 520,000. It
forms part of the kingdom of Sardinia. Cagliari
is the capital.
Sardinia, kingdom of, composed of the island of
Sardinia, Piedmont, including the county of Nice,
the Duchy of Montferrat, part of the duchy of Mi-
lan, Territory of the ci-de-vant republic of Genoa
and Savoy ; The whole containing 27,400 square
miles, and 3,994,000 inhabitants. The continen-
tal part is bounded N. by Switzerland, E. by Aus-
trian Italy and Parma ; S. by the Mediterranean,
and W. by France. The government is an abso-
lute monarchy, and the revenue is computed at
1,500,000/.
Sarecto, t. and cap. Duplin co. N. C. on the N.
E. branch of Cape Fear river, 130 m. above Wil-
mington. It contains a court-house and jail, and
about 20 houses.
Sarepta, t. Russia, in Saratov, 8 m. S. Tzaritzin.
The United Brethren have 3 Missionaries here.
Sarfend, or Sharfend, t. Palestine, 8 m» S. Sai-
da.
Sargans, t. Swisserland, and cap. of a small
county of the same name, 45 m. E. S. E. Zurich,
42 S. Constance. Lon. 9° 32' E. Lat. 47° 1' N.
Sargel, s-p. Africa. Lon. 2° 15' W. Lat. 36*
30' N.
Surgtiemine, t France, in Moselle, near the
S A R
Sarre, 3 posts S. W. Deux Ponts, 9i E. Metz. Lot,
7° 11' E. Lat. 49° 8' N.
Sari, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 25 m. S. W.
Feerhabad. Lon. 52° 58' E. Lat. 35° 35' N.
Sariena, t. Spain, in Aragon, 16 m. S.W. Bal-
bastro.
Sark, r. Scotland, is formed of two branches,
the White and Black, and runs into tlie Eden, 4
m. below Carlisle.
Sark, or iSerA;, small isl. in the English channel,
6 m, E. Guernsey, on which it is dependent. Lon.
2° 44' W. Lat. 49° 27' N. Pop. 3,000.
Sarlaf, t. France, in Dordogne, 30 m. N. W.
Cahors, 27 S. E. Perigueux. Lon. 1° 18' E, Lat.
44° 53' N. Pop. 5,924.
Sarny Buck, cape on the W. coast of Wales, 17
m. N. Aberystwith.
Sarnen, t. Switz. in Underwalden, 9 m. S; Lu-
cern.
Sarno, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of
of a bishop, 10 ra. N. W. Salerno, 16 E. N. E. Na-
ples. Lon. 14° 35' E. Lat. 40° 48' N.
Sarp, or Sarpen, t. Norway, in Christiansand,
10 m. W. S. W. Frederichstadt.
Sarre, or Saar, r. France, which runs into the
Moselle near Treves.
Sarre, r. Eng. in Kent, which runs into tho
Stour, forming the W. boundary of the island oi
Thanet.
Sarreburg. See Saarburg and Sarburg.
Sarsana, or Zarsana, t. and fortress, Genoa, on
the Magra, near which is a fort in the mountains
called Sarzanello. 45 m. E. S. E. G enoa, 60 N.
W. Florence. Lon. 9° 54' E. Lat. 44° 8' N.
Sarsina, or Zarsina, t. Italy, in Genoa, the see
of a bishop, 11m, W, S.W. Rimini, 127 N. Rome.
Sarskar, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21° 3' E. Lat. 62° 1 9' N.
Sart, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, (an. Sardis,) the
capital of Lydia. Here are many remnants of
massive buildings. It is at present inhabited by
some Turks and a few Greeks. 30 m. E. N. E,
Smyrna.
Sarta, one of the smaller Shetland islands. Lon.
2° 4' W. Lat. 60° 37' N.
Sarte, r. France, which rises in Orne, passes by
Alencon, Beaumont, le Mans, and near Angers ie
joined by the Mayenne, 4 m. below which, the
united streams join the Loire. It is navigable
from Le Mans.
Sarte, department of France, bounded N. by
Orne, E> by Eure-and-Loire, and Loire-and-Cher,
S. by Indre-and-Loire and Mayenne-and-Loire,
and W. by Mayenne. Le Mans is the capital.
Sartine Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 129° 18' W. Lat. 50° 56' N.
Sartoroe, small isl. near the coast of Norway.
Lon. 60" 17' N.
Sarvar, t. and fort, Htmgary, at the conflux of
the Raab and Gunfcz, 48 ra. S. S. E. Vienna, 37 S.
S. E. Presburg. Lon. 17° 9' E. Lat. 47° 30' N.
Sarvits, r. Hungary, which runs into the Dan-
ube near Mohacs.
Sarvitza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, 30 m. N.
E. Larissa. Lon. 21° 58' E. Lat, 40° 3' N.
Sarnm, (Old,) borough, Eng. in Wiltshire, an-
ciently a city of renown, though at present redu-
ced to one house, and some ruins and intrench-
ments. Two members are yet returned to parlia-
ment by the proprietors of lands. 2 m N. Salis-
burj'.
Sarun, circar, Hind, in Babar, boanded S. W.
S A V
S A V
671
by the Ganges, and W. and N. W. by Oade.
Chuprah is the capital.
Sarwerden, t. France, in Moselle, 34 m. N. W.
Strasburg.
Sas de Ghent, t. and fortress, Flanders, on a ca-
nal made from Ghent to the Scheldt, 25 m. W.
Antwerp, 10 N. Ghent.
Saseram, t. Hind, in Bahar, 75 m, S. W. Patna,
55 S. E. Benares. Lon. 84° 9' E. Lat. 24° 58' N.
Saskatchawine, or Sissiskatchwm,r. N. America,
is formed by the union of the North and South
branch, which rise in the Rocky mountams sev-
eral hundred miles apart. After their junction,
the river takes the name of Saskatchawine, and
flows into the N. W. part of Lake Winnipec. It
is 200 fathoms wide at its mouth. Cumberland
house stands on an expansion of this river, called
Sturgeon lake. On the S. bran h, 120 m. above
the fork is another fort called South branch fort.
Sasram, small isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the
coast of Camboja. Lon. 103" 48' E. Lat. 10° N.
Sassafras, r. which rises in Delaware, and flow-
ing W. into Maryland, separates Kent and Cecil
counties, and falls into Chesapeake bay.
SassafraSjV. Kent co. Md. on Sassafras river, 17
m. S. Elkton.
Sassari, city, Sardinia, on the Torres, 7 m. from
the sea. It is the see of an archbishop. 88 m. N.
N. VV. Cagliari, 54 N. Oristagni. Lon. 8° 50' E.
Lat 40" 45' N. Pop. 30,000.
Sasselo, t. Genoa, 10 m. N. Savona.
Sassenagey t. France, in Isere, 3 ci. E. Greno-
ble.
Sassenberg, t. Germany, 12 m. E. Munster.
Sasstiolo, t. Italy, in the duchy of Modena, on
the Secchia, with a castle. 7 m. S. S. W. Mo-
dena.
Satadoo, t. Africa, and cap. of a country on the
E. side of the Faleme, and S. W. of Bambouk.
Lon 9° 52' W. Lat. 12° 30' N.
Satalia, or Antalia, s-p. A. Turkey, in Cara-
mania, at the bottom of a gulf of the Mediterrane-
an, to which it gives name. It is strong and large.
The navigation of the gulf is considered as dan-
gerous. 134 m. S. Kiutja. Lon. 30° 20' E. Lat.
tJ7° N.
Satauket, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Sater, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, 45 m. S. W.
Geffle.
Salgong, or Satagovg, v. Bengal, on the river
lloogly, 4 m. N. W. Hoogly.
Salilla, r. Geo. which runs by Jefferson into St.
Andrew's sound, N. of Cumberland island.
Satilla, Little, r. Geo. which runs into the At-
lantic, between Turtle river and the Satilla.
Satriano, t. Naples, in Basilicata, the see of a
I ishop, 7 m. S. W. Acerenza.
Satriano, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 8 m. S.
oquillace.
Saitarah, t. Hind, in Visiapour, 77 m. W. Visia-
I our, 50 S. Poonah. Lon, 74° 8' E. Lat. 15° 46' N.
Saltimungulum, t. and fort, Hind. 33 ra. N. Co-
j iinbetore, 68 S. S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 12'
E. Lat. 11° 40' N.
Satumess, cape on the S. coa?t of Scotland.
Lon.3"38'VV. Lat. 54"57'N.
Suva, t. Persia, in Irak, 180 m. N. W. Ispahan,
is S. Casbin. Lon. 49° 10' E. Lat. 34° 54' N.
Savage, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, 21
Bi. above Fort Cumberland.
Savage Island, isl. in the South Pacific ocean, 33
iriles in circtinofercncc. Lon. 169° 37' W. Lat.
19" r a
Savage, Upper, id. near the S. shore of Hudson's
straits, about a quarter of a mile from the conti-
nent. Lon. 72° VV. Lat. 62° N.
Savage, Lower, isl. in Hudson's straits. Lon. 66°
20'W. Lat. 61°48N.
Savan Lake, lake oi N. America. Lon. 90° 15'
W.Lat. 50"20'N.
Savannah, r. U. S. which is formed by the unioO
of the Tugaloo and Kiowee, and running S. E. di-
vides S. Carolina from Georgia, and meets the At-
lantic in Tybee Sound, in lat. 32° N. It is navi-
gable for large vessels to Savannah, 18 miles, and
for boats to Augusta, 340 miles further. Above
the falls, boats can go 60 miles without obstruc-
tion.
Savannah, city and port of entry, Chatham co.
Georgia, on a high sandy bluff, 40 eet above low
water mark, on the S. W. bank o Savannah riv-
er, 17 miles from the bar at its mouth. Vessels
drawing 14 feet water can come up to the city ;
larger vessels receive their cargoes 3 miles below.
The city is regularly laid out, and c;ontains a court
house, jail, poor house, marine hospital, theatre,
exchange, academy, public library, 3 banks, in-
cluding a branch of the U. States bank, and 7 hou-
ses of public worship, 1 each for Presbyterians,
Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans,
Roman Catholics, and Jews. The academy is 180
feet by 60, and 3 stories high. The exchange is a
heavy gothic building, 5 stories high. The Pres-
byterian church is an elegant edifice of stone, re-
cently erected. The city is laid out in the form of
a parallelogram, and contains 10 public squares
at equal distances from each other, inclosed and
planted with trees. Trees are also planted on
the sides of most of the streets. Many of the hou-
ses recently erected are splendid edifices. There
is a fort on the F>. side of the city, and another at
Five Fathom Hole, on the river, 3 miles below
the town.
Savannah has heretofore been unHealthy on ac-
count of the large extent of lands in the vicinity
devoted to the wet cultivation of rice; but in 1817,
the inhabitants voted 70,000 dollars to the propri-
etors of these lands, as an inducement to abandon
the wet cultivation and adopt the dry mode. In
January 1820, a terrible fire laid a large portion
of the city in ashes. Savannah is the centre of
commerce for a large extent of country. In nine
months ending 30th June 1817, there were expor-
ted from this port 107,320 bales of cotton, 3,605
hhds. of tobacco, 11,228 tierces of rice, valued to-
gether at |9,966,503. The amount of shipping in
1816, was 12,776 tons. Pop. in 1810, 5,195 ; ia
1820, 7,520, of whom 3,868 were whites. 113 m.
S. W. Charleston, 127 by land, and 340 by wa-
ter S. E. Angu-ta, 158 E. S. E. Milledgeville.
Lon. 81° 10' W.Lat. 32° 8' N.
Savannah, r. N. W. Territory, which runs int6
the west side of St. Louis river. From its source,
there is a portage of 6 ni'los to the West Savannah
which flows into Sandy Lake. See Saiidy lake.
Savannah Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduraa,
Lon. 89" 50' W". Lat. 15° 58' N.
Savannah la Mcr, i. on the E. coast of Hispan-
iola.
Savannah la Mer, t. Jamaica, on the S. coast.
Lon. 78° 7' W. Lat. 18° 13' N.
Savary^s Island, isl. in the Gulf of Georgia.
Lon, 235° 54' E. Lat. 49" 67' N,
Saucon, Lower, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop,
1,974.
Saucon, Upper, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,456.
672
S A V
Saucona, p-t. Northampton co. Pa.
Save, r. Germany, which rises in the kingdom
of lUyria, 6 m. S. Villach, and running E. joins tlie
Danube at Belgrade.
Savenay, t. France, in Lower Loire, 18 m. N.
W. mutes. Lon. \° 47' W. Lat. 47" 22' N.
Saver7ie, or Zahern, t. France, in Lower Rhine,
18 m. W. N. W, Strasburj, 16 W. S. W. Hague-
nau. Lon. T 26' E. Lat. 48"' 45' N.
Saverndroog. See Savindroog.
SatigatucL See Sagaluck.
Saugei-ties, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
13 m. above Kingston, 52 S. Albany. Pop. 2,194.
Saugits, t. Essex co. Mass. 10 m. E. Boston.
Savigliano, t. Piedmont, in a plain, watered by
the Maria and Grana, 8 m. E. S. E. Saluzzo, 8 S.
W. Cherasco. Lon. 7° 40 E. Lat. 44° 35' N.
Savindroog, t. and fortress. Hind, in Mysore, on
the summit of a vast mountain or rock, which is
supposed to rise half a mile in perpendicular
height,from a base of8 or 10 miles in circumference.
On the 10th of December 1791, it was taken
by the British. 18 m. W. Bangalore, 47 N. E.
Seringapatam.
Savinton, p-t. Cecil co. Md.
' Saulieu, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 33 m. W. Di-
jon, 13 S. Semur en Auxois. Lou. 4" 17' E. Lat.
47°16'N. Pop. 2,887.
Saumer, r. Germany, which runs into the We-
ser, 9 m. above Polle.
Saumur, t. France, in Mayne-and- Loire, 21 m.
S. E. Angers, 33 W. S. W, Tours. Lon. 0° 3' W.
Lat. 47° 15' N. Pop. 9,636.
Sounder's Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, 8 or
10 leagues in circumference. Lon. 26° 44' W.
Lat. 57° 49' S.
Saundersville. See Sandersville.
Savona, t. Genoa, with fortifications, and a cita-
del standing on a high rock. The harbour has
been partly choked up to hinder the approach of
large ships. €0 m. W. S. W. Genoa, 60 N. E.
Nice. Lon. 8° 31' E. Lat. 44° 19' N. Pop. 16,000.
Savoj/, or Coffin Island, small isl. near the W.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 44° 22' E. Lat. 17°
30' S.
Savoy, a country of Europe, bounded N. by the
Lake of Geneva, E. by Swisserland and Piedmont,
S. by Piedmont and France, and W. by France. It
includes the duchy of Savoy, or Savoy Proper, the
duchy of Chablais, the duchy of Gene vois, the
lordship of Faucigny, the county of Tarantaise,
and the county of Maurienne. The greatest part
of the country is mountainous ; some of tlie
highest mountains are the Glaciers, and moun-
tains in Faucigny. In Savoy, every one spealcs
French, and most of the names of the towns and
villages are of that language ; but in customs and
disposition, the inhabitants have more of the Ger-
man in them. They are all Roman Catholics.
Extent, 3,800 square miles. Pop. 450,000. Sa-
voy recently belonged to PVance, but is now in-
cluded principally in the kingdom of Sardinia.
Chambery is the capital.
Savoy, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. N. E. Len-
ox. Pop. 711.
Sai'u, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 8 leagues
in length. The sea-coast, in general, islow; but
in the middle of the island there are hills of a
considerable height. Lon. 122° 30' E. Lat. 10"
35' S.
Sauxillanges, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 m.
E. hsoire, 15 W. Ambert. Pop. 2,066.
SAY
Sawbridgeworth, t. England, in Herts, 4 m. £■
Bishop's-Stortford, 26 N. London.
Saivpit, p-t. West-Chester co. N. Y.
Saxe-Cobourg, Saxe-Gotha, &c. See Cobourg.
Gotha, &c.
Saxe-Lauenburg. See Lauenburg.
Saxelen, or Saxlen, t. Switzerland, in Under-
walden, 12 m. S. S. E. Lucern, 43 E. S. E. Berne.
Saxenburg, isl. in the Atlantic ocean. Lon. 20°
W. Lat. 30° 45' S.
Saxenburg, or Sachsenburg, t. Austrian states,
on the Drave, 38 m. W. Clagenfurt, 34 S. W.
Muhrau. Lon. 13° 10' E. Lat. 46° 45' N.
Saxkiobing, seaport, Denmark, in the island of
Laaland, 16 m. E. Nascow.
Saxmundham, or Saxlingham, t. England, in
Suffolk, 20 m. N. E. Ipswich, 89 N. E. Loudon.
Lon. 1° 29' E. Lat 52° 14' N.
Saxons, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C.
Saxony, Kingdom of, in the east of Germany,
bounded N. by the Prussian states ; on the E. it
comes to a point; on the S. E. it is separated from
Bohemia by the Erzgebirgor Metallic mountains;
on the W. it is bounded by several small German
states. Extent, 7,476 square miles. Pop. accor-
ding to the official return in 1818, 1,200,000.
Revenue, 850,000/. sterling. Religion, Protestant.
The government is nearly absolute, but conducted
with moderation. The language and the litera-
ture of Saxony are the most distinguished in all
Germany, most of the writers who have refined
the language, having been born, or having resided
in the country. There are universities of great
celebrity at Leipsic and Jena. The manufac-
tures are thread, linen, laces, ribbons, glass, and
porcelain of remarkable beauty. Few countries
are so rich in minerals : the mountains on its
southern border producing silver, tin, bismuth,
manganese, cobalt, Sic. During the ascendancy
of Bonaparte, Saxony was much more extensive
than it is at present. After the addition of the
Grand Duchy of Warsaw, in 1807, it contained
56,970 square miles, and 4,363,000 inhabitants ;
but at the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, the king
was punished for his adherence to Bonaparte, by
being deprived not only of the duchy of Warsaw,
but of the northern half of his hereditary states,
which was added to Prussia. Saxony is now the
smallest kingdom in Europe.
Saxony, one of the provinces into which the
Prussian states were divided in 1815. It is sub-
divided into the governments of Merseburg, Mag-
deburg, and Erfurt. Extent, 8,492 square milee.
Pop. 1,180,000. Revenue, 760,000/. The prin-
cipal towns are Magdeburg, Naumburg, Merse-
burg, and Halle.
Saxony, Lower, formerly a circle of Germany,
bounded N. by the duchy of Sleswick and the
Baltic ; E. by the circle of Upper Saxony ; S. by
the circles of Upper Saxony and the Upper
Rhine ; and W. by the circle of Westphalia and
the Gerniansea.
Saxony, Upper, formerly a circle of GermaHy,
bounded by the circles of the tapper Rhine, Fran-
conia. Lower Saxony, the Baltic, Prussia, Silesia,
Lusatia, and Bohemia.
Saybrook, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the west
side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, opposite
Lyme, 40 m. S. E. Hartford, 18 W. New London,
34 E. New Haven. It is one of the oldest towns
in the country. Ship-building is carried on to a
considerable extent at the village of Pettipaug,
S C A
and the shad fisheries are a source of much wealth
to the town. There is an ivory comb-factory
here oa an extensive scale. There are 8 relig^ious
\;©cieties,4 of Con»regationalists, 2 of Baptists, 1
of Episcopalians, and 1 of Methodists. Pop. 3,926.
Sayda, t. Saxony, in tlie circle of Erzjebirg, 24
m. S. W, Dresden. Lon. 13" 23' E. Lat. 50°
39' N.
Sayn, t. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine, on the
Sayn, 6 m. N. Coblenz, 6 E. Andernach.
Sayn, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine,
5 m. below Coblentz.
Saypan, or St. Joseph, one of the Ladrone isl-
ands, in the E. Indian sea, about 20 miles in cir-
cumference. Lat. 14° 30' x^.
Scagen, or Scam, or Skagen, t. Denmark, at
the extremity of North Jutland, near a cape of
the same name, 18 m. N. Fladstrand. Lon. 10° 33'
E. Lat, 57° 46' N.
Scagen, cape on the N. coast of North Jutland.
Lon. 10° 31' E. Lat. 57° 46' N.
Scala, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of
a bishop, 1 1 m. W. S. W. Amaisi, 12 W, Salerno.
Scala, La, seaport of the island of Patmos. Lon.
26°23'E. Lat. 37° 30' N.
Scalanova, seaport, A. Turkey, in Natolia, 40
m. S. S. E. Smyrna. Lon. 27° 29' E. Lat. 37° 52'
N. Pop. about 10,000, of M^hom the majority are
Turks.
Scalea, La, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, near
the sea, 29 m. W. Cassano. Lon. 15° 59' E. Lat.
39° 51' N.
Scalpay, one of the Western islands of Scot-
land, about 6 miles in circumference. Lon. 5° 5'
W. Lat. 57° 20' N.
Scamachie, city of the Russian dominions, and
capital of Schirvan, in a valley, between two
mountains, about 24 miles from the Caspian sea.
The inhabitants are chiefly Armenians and Geor-
gians, who carry on considerable trade in silk and
calicoes. The town is also frequented by Jews,
Russian merchants, and the Circassian Tartars.
360 m. S. Astracan, 480 N. E. Diarbekir. Lon.
48°45'E. Lat. 40° 27' N.
Scandarella, or Scanderoon, v. Palestine, on the
coast of the Mediterranean, 6 m. from Tyre.
Scandarieh, t. Arabian Irak, on a canal between
the Tigris and Euphrates, 120 m. N. W. Bassora.
Scanderoon. See Ahxandretta.
Scandinavia, a name frequently given to that
part of Europe which comprehends Denmark,
Sweden, and Norway.
Scangero, or Icus, isl. in the Grecian archipe-
lago. Lon. 24° 15' E. Lat. 39" 20' x\.
Scar J^ose, cape, Scotland, on the N. coast of
Banflshire. Lon. 2° 46' W. Lat. 57° 40' N.
Scarborough, seaport, England, in Yorkshire, on
a rocky cliff, which is almost inaccessible. 'The
harbor is reckoned the best between Newcastle
and the Humber. Herrings are taken here in
great numbers. Large numbers of people flock
hither in the hottest months of the year, to drink
its waters, which are purgative and diuretic. 40
m. N. Hull, 21 n N. London. Lon. 0° 20' W. Lat.
54° 17' N, Pop. 7,607.
Scarborough, t. York co. Up. Canada, on lake
Ontario, E. of York.
Scarborough, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the
sea coast, 11 m. W. Portland.
Scarborough Shoal, shoal in the Chinese sea,
about 18 miles long from N. to S. and 6 broad. Lon.
117° 51' E. Lat. 15°9'x\.
Scarrfo?K/. t. En. Tnrkov, in Dalmatia : the see
85
S C H
673
of a Greek bishop, surrounded with walls, and
defended by two Ibrts. 28 m. N. Trau, 8 N. Se-
benico. Lon. 16° 20* E. Lat. 44° 28' N.
Scare, The, bay on the S. coast of Ireland, 5 m,
E. Waterford harbor.
Scariff, small isl. on the S. W. coast of Ireland,
5 m. W. Lamb's Head.
Scarpanto, isl. in the Mediterranean, 18 miles
long and 6 wide, subject to the Turks, but the
principal inhabitants are Greek Christians. Loo.
26° 50' E. Lat. 35" 44' N.
Scarpe, r. France, which runs into the Scheldt,
at Mortagne, 7 m. S. S. E. Tournay.
Scarsdale, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 24 m. from
New York. Pop. 259.
Schaagen, t. Prussian States, with a castle,
on a river which runs into the Curisch Haff, 10
m. N. Konigsberg.
Schahur. See Shabur.
Srhade, r. Germany, which runs into the Elbe,
opposite Blekede.
Schahhr, or SchdhJir, or Sahar, seaport, Arabia,
in Hadramaut, 18 m. N. E. Aden. Lon. 47° 50' E.
Lat. 14° 10' N.
Schaffhmtsen, t. Switzerland, and cap. of a can-
ton on "the N. side of the Rhine, near a celebrated
cataract. It communicates with the rest of Swit-
zerland only by a bridge across the Rhine. It is
one of the handsomest towns of Switzerland. The
famous bridge was burned by the French, in March
1799. 25 m. W. Constance, 44 E. Bale. Lon. 8°
35' E. Lat. 47" 40' N. Pop. 7,000.
Schnffhav.sen, or Sckaffouse, canton of Switzer-
land, on the N. side of the Rhine- Pop. without
including the town of Schaffhausen, is estimated
at 23,000. The religion is Calvinism.
Scaghticoke, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 11m. above Troy. Pop. 2,492. It con-
tains 3 churches, 2 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for
Presbyterians.
Schainfeld, or Mark Schainfelde t. Germany, 20
m. N. Anspach, 26 E. S. E. Wurzburg. Lon. 10 '
32' E. Lat. 49° 44' N.
Schalatskoi, cape on the N. coast of Russia, in
the Frozen sea. Lon. 169° 14' E. Lat. 68° 25' N-
Schalits, t. Bohemia, in the circle of Konigin-
gratz, 12 m. N. E. Konigingratz, 56 E. N. E.
Prague. Lon. 15° 51' E. Lat. 50° 18' N.
Schalkau, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 6
m. N. Coburg. Lon. 1 1° 8' E. Lat. 50° 23' N.
Schandau, t. Saxonv, in Meissen, on the Elbe, 4
m. E. Konigstein, 21 S. Stolpen. Pop. 1,000.
Schanis, or Schams, t. Switzerland, 10 m. N,
Glaris, 20 N.E. Schweitz.
Schantarskija, 3 islands of Russia, at the W.
extremity of the sea of Ochotsk. Lon. between
138° and 139° E. Lat. 55° 15' and 55° 30' N.
Schara, or Osara, t. Syria, near the W. coast of
the Euphrates, 160 m. E. S. E. Aleppo, 200 W. N.
W. Bagdad.
Scharedsje, or Zaka, isl. in the gulf of Persia,
about 30 miles in circumference. Lon. 54° 15' E.
Lat. 25° N.
Scharffenberg, t. Saxony, in Meissen, on the
Elbe, 4'm. S. E. Meissen.
Scharmbeck, t. Hanover, in the duchy of Bre-
men, 13 m. N. Bremen. Pop. 1,600.
Scharnitz, fortified t. Bavaria, near an impor-
tant pass over the mountains, 8 m. N. N. W. Inn-
spruck.
Scharsfeld, castle, Hanover, in Gottingen, on a
vast rock. 15 m. -S. Gosplar.
eT4
S C H
Schatsk, t. Russia, in Tambov, 96 m. N. Tam-
bov. Lon. 41° 34' E. Lat, 54° 22' N.
Schauenburg, t Germany, 8 m. S. E. Minden.
Schauaiburg-Lippe, principality, Germany, on
both sides of the Weser, bounded by Hanover,
the Prussian States, and Lippe-Detmold. It con-
tains 220 square mries, 24,000 inhabitants, and
has a revenue of 18,000/. sterling.
Schaumburg, t and castle, Germany, in the
duchy of Nassau, 25 m. VV. S. W. Wetzlar, 23 N.
N. W. Mentz,
Schech Sure, or Surde, small isl. in the Persian
gulf. Lon. 54° 30' E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Scheduan, isl. 8 miles long and 5 broad, in the
Red sea. Lat. 27° 35' N.
Scheer, t. Wurtemberg', on the Danube, 3 m. N.
W. Mengen, 44 S. Stuttgart. Lon. 9° 20' E. Lat.
48° 3' N. Pop. 1,200.
Scheibenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge-
birg, 4 m. N. E. Schwarzenburg, 18 S. Chemnitz.
Lou. 12° 49' E. Lat. 50° 27' N.
Scheibs, t. Austria, on the Erlebach, 20 m. S.W.
St. Polten, 44 VV. S. W. Vienna.
Scheld, r. which rises in France, about 8 m. N.
of St. Quentin, and flowing N. passes by Cam-
bray, Valenciennes where it becomes navigable,
Tournay, Ghent, Antwerp, &c. some leagues be-
low which it divides into two streams, the east
and west, the former passing by Berg op Zoom,
the latter by Flushing, and both run into the Ger-
man sea, west of the islands of Zealand.
Schellenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge-
birg, 6 m. E. Chemnitz.
Schellenberg, t. Bavaria, 5 m. N. N. E. Berch-
toldsgaden.
Schellin, t. Hungary, on the right bank of the
Waag, 20 m. N. Comorn.
Schelling, isl. in the North sea, belonging to
Holland, 5 leagues long, and one broad, 15 m. N.
of Harlingen, between Amelandt and Vlielandt.
Schellklingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Aach, 8
m. W. Ulm, 36 W. Augsburg. Lon. 9° 46' E. Lat.
48° 22' N.
Schdisburg, p-t. Bedford co. Pa.
Schemberg, t. Wurteraberg, 9 m. E. N. E. Roth-
weil, 28 S. S. W. Stuttgard.
Schemnits, t. Hungary. It is a large and popu-
lous town. In number of mine-works, it surpas-
ses all the other mine-towns in Hungary. The
gold and silver mines here have greatly declined,
yet they still produce a considerable quantity of
ore, and the workmen amount <o above 5,000. 80
ra. E. Presburg. Lon. 19° 13' E. Lat. 47° 30' N.
Pop. 22,241.
Schenck, or Schenkan Schans, a strong fortress of
Guelderland, situated in an angle of the Betuwe,
where the Rhine divides it into two branches, one
of which passing by Nimmegen, is called Wahal;
tlie other, which runs towards Arnheim, preserves
its own name. It completely commands the two
streams, and is considered as the centre of com-
munication between Germany and Holland. 3 m.
N. Cleves, 12 E. Nimmegen.
Schenectady, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties
of Montgomery, Saratoga, Albany, and Schoharie.
Pop. 10,247.
Schenectady, city, p-t. and cap. Schenectady co.
N. Y. on the Mohawk, 15i m. N. W. Albany.
The city, or part including the compact popula-
tion, is regularly laid out on a plain, ou the S. E.
side of the river, and contains about 500 houses,
principally of brick, a college, a bank, the coun-
ty buildings, and 4 houses of public wor'ihip, 1
S C H
for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for
Methodists, and 1 for Episcopalians. Here is an
elegant wooden bridge over tlie Mohawk. Pop.
of the township, 5,909.
Union college in this city was incorporated in
1794, and is a very flourishing institution. The
college edifices are finely situated on an elevated
spot of ground, and contain accommodations for
more than 200 students. The philosophical ap-
paratus is respectable. The library contains
about 5,000 volumes. The officers in 1820, were
a president ; 4 professors, 1 of moral philoso-
phy, 1 of mathematics, 1 of the Greek and Latin
languages, and 1 of the modern languages ; and 2
tutors. The number of students at the same pe-
riod was 245. The annual expense of a student,
including board, tuition, and books, is about $140.
The requisites for admission into the Freshman
class are a knowledge of Virgil's ^neid, Cicei'o'e
Select Orations, the Greek Testament, English
Grammar, and Vulgar Arithmetic. The Com-
mencement is on the 4th Wednesday in July, af-
ter which there is a vacation of 8 weeks. There
are two other vacations of 3 weeks each, one be-
ginning in December, the other in April.
Schening, or Skening, t. Sweden, on the Skena,.
17 m. W. Linkoping, 45 N. N. W. Calmar.
Scheningen, t. Germany, 16 m. N. Halberstadt,
18 E. S. E. Wolfenbuttel.
Schenkiirsk, t. Russia, in Archangel, 140 m. S.
S. E. Archangel. Lon. 42° 14' E. Lat. 62° 30' N.
Scheppenstadt, t. Germany, in the duchy of
Brunswick, 13 m. E. Wolfenbuttel.
Scherbro. See Skerbro.
Scherding, or Scharding, t Lower Austria, on
the Inn, with a large fortified castle, 6 m. S. Paa-
sau, 78 E. Munich. Lon. 13° 24' E. Lat. 48° 26' N..
Schirenberg, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg-
Sonderhausen, 5 m. S. W. Sonderhausen, 16 N.
N. W. Muhlhausen.
Schesburg, or Segesrar, t. Transylvania, 47 m.
E, S. E. Colosvar, 120 N. E. Temesvar. Lon. 24''
32^ E. Lat. 46° 24' N.
Schesslitz, t. Bavaria, 8 m. N. E. Bamberg, 26
W. Bayreuth.
Scf Leveling, v. Holland, 3 m. N. W. Hague.
Schibam, city, Arabia, in Hadramaut, 200 m.
E. S. E. Sana, 250 N. E. Aden.
Schiedam, seaport, Holland, on the canal,
which enters the Meuse a little below the town, 4
m. W. Rotterdam.
Schierke, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 6 m. S.
Wernigerode.
Srhievelbien, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
on the Rega, 30 m. N. E. Stargard, 112 N. E.
Berlin. Lon. 43° 45' E. Lat. 15° 44' N.
Schilda, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 7 m. W.
S. W. Torgau, 30 N. W. Meissen. Lon. 12° 56' E.
Lat. 51° 27' N.
Schildesche, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 2
m. N. W. Bielefeld.
Schile, t. iVatolia, on the S. coast of the Black
sea, 14 m. N. Ismid.
Schilu, or Chelow, or Chetou, t Persia, in La-
ristan, on the coast, 20 m. S. E. Konkun. Lon.
52°18'E. Lat. 27° 50' N.
Schippenheil, t. Prussian states, 34 m. S. S. E.
Konigsberg. Lon. 21° 7' E. Lat. 54° 7' N.
Schipunova, t. Russia, in Kolivan, 88 m. S. Ko-
livau. Lon. 81° 44' E. Lat. 53° N.
Schipiinskoi, cape on the S. E. coast of Kams-
chatka. Lon. 159" 44' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Schiras, city, Persia, and cap of Farsistan, one
S C H
S C H
675
of the largest cities in Persia, is situated between
the mountains, in a plain between 7 and 8 leagues
long and about 4 broad. The city, which is about
6 miles round, is not surrounded with walls, for
they have been suffered to fall to ruin ; but the 4
^ates, which remain entire, are large, strong, and
covered with iron plates. It contains 15 large
mosques, besides many smaller ones, 1 1 colleges,
14 bazars, and 13 caravanseras. Most of the
buildings of the city are now in ruins, and the
streets so narrow and dirty, that they are hardly
passable in rainy seasons. The public gardens at
Schinis, which are about 20, are extremely de-
lightful. The fertility of the country about Schi-
ras is very surprising. It produces the finest hor-
ses, the best pastures, and especially the grape
from which is made the wine of Schiras, esteemed
the best not only in Persia, but throughout the
■east. 160 m. S. Ispahan, 249 E. Bassora. Lon.
520 3Q. £^ ^^^ 29° 37' N. Pop. estimated at
40,000.
Schirvan, lately a province of Persia, now be-
longing to Russia, bounded N. by Dagestan, E.
and S. E. by the Caspian sea, S. W. by Erivan,
and W. by Georgia, about 150 miles long and 90
broad. The inhabitants are a mixture from the
neighbouring countries, with a great number of
vagabond Tartars, who chiefly subsist by robbe-
ries. The soil is extremely fertile, producing
great quantities of rice, wheat, and barley. Sca-
machie is the capital.
.Schlakenwald, or Slaickoiv, t. Bohemia, 3 m. S.
E. Elnbogen. Lon. 12" 50' E. Lat. 50" 7' N. Pop.
3,200.
Scfi/akenwerty t Bohemia, 9 m. N. E. Elnbogea.
Lon. 12° 55' E. Lat. 50" 16' N. Pop. 1,300.
Sc^/an, t. Bohemia, 14 m.N.W. Prague. Lon.
14° 15' E. Lat. 50° 15' N. Pop. 3,124.
Schlaming, or Schladming, t. Austrian states,
on the river Ems, 36 m. W. S. W. Rottenmann,
48 W. Judenburg.
Schlatteriy v. Switzerland, in Zurich, 2 m. W.
Dissenhofen.
Schlawa, t. Silesia, 12 m. N. Gros Glogau, Lon.
16" 8' E. Lat. 51" 44' N.
Schlawe, or Slmve, or Slag&, t. Prussian states,
in Pomerania, on the Wipper, 68 m. N. E. Star-
gard, 62 E. N. E. Cammin. Lon. 16" 23' E. Lat.
54"19'N.
Schleisheim, t. Bavaria, where is a royal pal-
ace, 8 m. N. Munich.
Sehleits, t. German}', in Reuss-Lobenstein,
17 m. W. S. W. Greitz, 17 S. S. W. Gera. Lon.
i 1° 50' E. Lat. 50" 30' N. Pop. 4,600.
Sehlenter See, lake in Holstein, 14 miles in cir-
cumference, 3 m. W. Lutkenburg.
Schlettstatl, or Schkstal, t, France, in Lower
Rhine, on the 111, 3^ posts N. Colmar, 5 S. S. W.
Strasburg. Lon. 7" 22' E. Lat. 48" 5' N.
Schleusingen, t. Germany, on the Schleufs, 19
m. N. N. E. Schweinfurt, 10 S. E. Smalkalden.
Schleyden, or SSchlieden^ t. Prussian states, in
Lower Rhine, 40 m. N. Treves, 25 S. VV. Cologne.
Lon, 6" 25' E. Lat. 50" 35' N.
Schtieben, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 25 m. S.
E. Wittenberg, 40 N. Dresden. Lon. 13" 36' E.
Lat. 50° 33' N.
Schlisselburg, t. Russia, on lake Ladoga, 32 m.
E. Petersburg. Lon. 48" 44' E. Lat. 60° N.
Srhlitz, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Fulda, 7 m. N. N. W. Fulda, 33 E. Giessen.
Schlosser, t. Niagara co. N. Y. The site of the
sld fort is on the E. side of Niagara river, 2 m.
above the falls. The portage around the falls ex-
tends from this place to Lewiston, 9 miles.
Schluchteren, t. Germany, in llesse-Cassel, 14
m. S. W. Fulda, 26 E. N. E. Hanau.
Schluisdau, t. Bavarian States, 7 m. S. Bam-
berg.
Schlvsselburg, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on the Weser, 13 m. N . E. Minden.
Schlusselburg, t. and fortress, Russia, near lake
Ladoga ; the fortress is situated on an island in the
river. The island on which Schlusselburg stands
is of an elliptical form, and about 175 fathoms
long and 75 broad. The walls which surround it
in almost all its extent, are built of stones and
brick. They are fifty feet high, and from 11 to 20
thick. 36 m. E. Petersburg. Pop. 3,128.
Scklusselfeld, t. Bavaria, 15 m. S. W. Bamberg,
38 E. Wurzhurg.
Schmalkalden. See Smalkalden,
Schmiedeberg, t. Silesia. Here are manufac-
tures of steel and linen. 7 m. S. S. E. Hirschberg,
22 S. S. W. Jauer. Lon. 15° 50' E. Lat. 50" 35' N-
Pop. 4,000.
Schmiedeberg, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 15
m. S. Dresden.
Schmogra, v. Silesia, 5 ra. N. N. E. Nambslau.
Schmolnitz, or Smelnitz, t. Hungary, celebrated
for its copper mines, 14 m. S. Kapstorf, 15 N. W.
Caschau.
Schmollen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, in the
principality of Altenburg, 6 m. S. Altenburg, 52
W. Dresden. Lon. 12° 20' E. Lat. 50" 50' N.
Pop. 2,700.
Schmolsin, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 16
m. S. E. Stolpen.
Schmutter, r. Germany, which runs into the
Danube, at Ingoldstadt.
Schnackcnburg, t. Hanover, in the principal ity
of Luneburg, on the Elbe, 10 m. N. N. W. See-
hausen.
Schneeberg, t Saxony, in the circle of Erzge'
birg, near the Mulda." It has manufactures of
thread, silk, gold, and silver lace. 7 m. N. W,
Schwarzenberg. Pop. 4,200.
Schneeberg, mountain, Austria, 12 m. S. Steyr.
Schodac, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the Hudson^
9 m. below Albany. Pop. 3,166. Here are two
landings on the river, Schodac landing and Cas-
tleton.
Schodac landing, p-v. Renssalaer co. N. Y.
Schodticein, or Schaidtwcin, t. Austria, with a
citadel built on a high rock, 32 m. S. Vienna.
Scoghr, or Shagr, t. A. Turkey, on the Orontes,
40 m. W. Aleppo^ 150 N. Damascus.
Schoenbnmn, Moravian settlement, Tuscara-
was CO. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 3 m. below New
Philadelphia.
Schogle, or Choug, t. Syria, on the Orontes, 20
m. S. E. Antioch.
Schoharie, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of
Montgomery, Schenectady, Albany, Green, Del-
aware, and Otsego. Pop. 1 8,945.
Schoharie, p-t. and cap. Schoharie co. N. Y. 32
m. W. Albany. Pop. 3,232. The village of Scho-
harie stands on the rich alluvial flats of Schoharie
creek, and contains a court-house and 2 churches,
and about 30 houses. Eight miles north is the
village of Esperance, where are a number of
mills.
Schoharie creek, r. N. Y. which rises in Wind-
ham, on the W. side of the Catskill mountains, and
flowing N. W. pierces these mountains, and pur-
euing a northerly course 40 miles, joina ihe M^-
^;
S C H
S C H
hawk, opposite Tripe's hill. This creeit has ex-
tensive alluvial flats of remarkable fertility.
Schokland, isl. in the Zuyder sea, near the coast
of Overyssel, about 3 miles long and 1 broad, 8
m. W. Vollenhoven.
Schomberg, or Ssumberg, t. Moravia, surround-
ed with walls, and defended by a citadel, 24 m. N.
Olmutz. Lon. 16° 49' E. Lat. 49" 52' N.
Schomberg, or Schmnsberg, t. Silesia, 20 m. S.
W. Schweidnitz, 25 N. W. blatz.
Schonait, t. Baden, on the Wisen, 20 m. N. E.
Bale, 12 N. Laufenburg.
Schonau, t. Baden, 5 m. N. E. Heidelberg.
Sckonau, t. Silesia, on the Katzbach, 12 m. W.
Jaur, 26 N. W. Schweidnitz. Lon. IS*" 55' E.
Lat. 50" 57' N, Pop. 1,000.
^ Schonau, t. Lnsatia, 5 m. W. Zittau.
Schonberg, t. Silesia, 6 m. S. E. Gorlitz. Lon.
15° 9' E. Lat. 51" 4' N.
Schonbnmn, t. Austria, on the Danube, 3 m. W.
Vienna.
Schonebeck, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, on the
Elbe, with some salt-works, 10 m. S, S. E. Mag-
deburg. Pop. 4,300.
Schoneck, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, 7 m. E.
Oeltnitz.
Schoneck, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. Dantzig;,
30 N, Culm.
Schonen, or Skonen, or Skania, province in the
S. of Sweden, bounded N. by Halland and Sma-
land, E. by Blekingen and the Baltic, S. by the
Baltic, and W. by the Sound which separates it
from Denmark.
Schonfeld, t. Bohemia, 18 m. Egra. Lon. 12°
48' E. Lat. 50° 5' N.
Schonflies, or Schoicenfliet, t. Prussian states, in
Brandenburg, 22 m. N. Custria, 50 N. E. Berlin.
Pop. 1,900.
Scho7igau. t. Bavaria, on the Lech, 8 m. S.
Weilhaim, 92 W. Salzburg. Lon. 10° 53' E. Lat.
48-45' N. Pop. 1,228.
Schonsee, or Kowalewo, t. Prussian states, 20 m.
S. E. Culm.
Schonwalde, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 8 nu
S. W. Dahme, 21 E. Wittenberg.
Schoodic. See St. Croix river, Maine.
Schoodic Lakes, a chain of lakes in Washington
CO. Maine; from which issues St. Croix river.
Schooly Mount, p-t. Morris co. N. J.
Schoonhoven, t. Holland, on the N. side of the
river Leek, 10 m. N. E. Dort, 13 S. W. Utrecht.
Schopfhim, or Schopfen, t. Baden, on the Viese,
14 m. N. E. Bale, 7 iN. Rheinfelden. Pop. 1,070.
Schorel, v. Holland, 5 m. N. N. W^. Alcmaer.
Schorndorf, t. Wirtemberg, on the Rems, 28 m.
N. N. W. Ulm, 16 E. Stuttgart. Lon. 9" 37' E.
Lat. 48° 45' N. Pop. 3,600.
Schorogalskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 60 m. S.
Selenginsk.
Schotlen, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 16 m. E. S. E.
Giessen, 26 N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop.
1,730.
Schouten's Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 120
miles in circumference. Lon. 136" 20' E. Lat. 0°
50' S.
Schouten's Islands, near the coast of New Hol-
land. Lon. 148° 9' E. Lat. 43" 12' S.
Schouwen, or Schotren, isl. at the month of the
Scheldt, N. E. of the island of Walchcren, 14 m.
from E. to W. and 5 from N. to S. Ziriczee is the
chieftown.
Schramherg, t. Wurtemburg, on the Schiltach,
10 m. N. W. Rothwell, 12 S. Freudenstadt. Lon
8°22'E. Lat. 48°11'N. Pop. 1,900.
Schraplau, t. Prussian States in Saxony, 6 m,
S. E. Eiszleben.
Schrattenthal,i. Austria, 33 m. N. N. W.Vienna.
Lon. 15° 51' E. Lat. 48° 40' N.
Sehriebershau, v. Silesia, celebrated for its glass-
houses. 7 m. S. W. Hirschberg.
Schrobenhausen, t. Bavaria, 21 m. N. E. Augs-
burg, 8 S. S. E. Neuburg. Lon. 1 1" 3' E. Lat. 48°
31' N. Pop. 1,500.
Schuliper Islands, 2 of the Laccadive Islands.
Lon. 71° 50' to 72° E. Lat. 10" to 10" 10' N.
Schulpe, or Schulpensiel, s-p. Holstein, on the
left bank of the Eyder, near its mouth. Lon. 9°
E. Lat. 54° 20' N.
Schunga, t. Russia, in Olonetz, on Onezskoe
Lake, 20 m. S. Povenetz.
Schunler, r. Germany, which runs into the
Ocker, 7 m. below Brunswick.
Schurgast, t. Silesia, 11 m. N.N. W.Oppeln, 10
S. E. Bricg. Lon. 17° 40' E. Lat. 50° 40' N.
Schussenried, a princely abbey of Germany, 6 m.
S. S. E. Buchau, 25 S. W. Ulm.
Schutt, or Schit, isl. of Hungary, formed by the
Danube, 30 miles long and 10 broad. The N. VV.
extremity is a little below Presburg.
Schutltnhofen, or Swce, or Sutchutz, t. Bohe-
mia, 65 m. S. S. W. Prague. Lon. 13" 28' E. Lat.
49" 12' N.
Schuyler, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. N. W,
Herkimer. Pop. 2,107.
Schuyler's, lake, Otsego co. N. Y. 4 m. E. Ot-
sego lake. It is 5 miles long and 1 broad, and dis-
charges its waters through Oak's creek into the
Susquehannah.
Schuylkill, r. Pennsylvania, which rises N. W.
of the Kittatinny mountains, and after a S. E.
course of 120^1165, falls into the Delaware, oppo-
site Mud Island, 6 or 7 miles below Philadelphia.
There are falls 5 miles above Philadelphia, and
others at Norristown. But these have been sur-
mounted, and a canal is now in progress c;onnec-
ting tlie 'Tulpehocen, which falls into the Schuyl-
kill just above Reading, with the Swataru, which
falls into the Susquehannali at Middletown. The
bridge over the Schuylkill in Philadelphia is a su-
perb structure.
Schuylkill, co. Pa. Chief town, Orwigsburg.
Schuylkill, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 353.
Schwabach, t. Bavaria, on a river of the same
name, 10 m. S. S. W. Nuremburg, 11 E. Anspach.
Pop. 6,588.
Schicabach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rednitz at Erlang.
Schicabmunchen, t. Bavaria, on the Sinekel, 11
m. S. Augsburg, 14 N. E. Mindelheim.
Sehwadorff, t. Austria, 9 m. S. E. Vienna.
Schwalm, r. Hesse, which joins the Eder near
Felsberg.
Schwalm, r. Germany, which runs into the Wip-
per, 2 m. E. S. E. Barmen.
Schwan, t. Mecklenburg, on the Warnow, 8 m.
S. Rostock. Lon. 12" 14' E. Lat. 53' 58' N.
Schwanden, t. Swisserland, in Glarus, 5 m. S.
Glarus.
Schwandorf, t. Bavaria, 20 m. N. Ratisbon, 13
S. S. E. Amberg.
Schwanbeck, t. Prussian Saxony, 5 m. N. E. Hal-
berstadt, 10 N. Quedlinburg. Pop. 1,800.
Schwannasladt, t. Lower Austria, on the Ager,
106 W. Vienna. Lon. 1.3° 43' E. Lat. 48° 3' N.
Schicansee, t Germany, 5 m. E. Erfurt.
S C H
s o
677
Schtcarfsa, or Schwarsawa, or Swarta, r. Mora-
via, which passes by Brunn, and runs into the Ig-
iau.
Schwartzback, r. Germany, which rises near
Darmstadt, and runs into the Rhine 2 miles above
its union with the Main.
Schwartzburg. See Schwarzburg.
Schtvartzenburg, t. Swisserland. The inhabi-
tants speak the German language, and are uni-
versally Protestants, 17 m. S. S. W. Berne, 10 S.
E. Friburg.
Sckwartzenfels^ t. Germany, 14 m. S. Fulda, 32
E. Hanau.
Sckwarzach, t. Baden, 8 m. W. S, W. Baden.
Schwarzau, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rednitz, 10 m. S. Nuremberg.
Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen, a principality of
Germany, almost surrounded by the Prussian do-
minions. It contains 500 square miles, and ac-
cording to the official return in 1818, 45,117 in-
habitants, with a revenue of 25,000/. sterling.
Arnstadt and Sonderhausen are the chief towns.
Schivarzburg-Rudolstadt, principality, Germa-
ny, lying S. E. of Schwarzburg Sonderhausen, and
almost surrounded by the territories of the house
ofSaxe. It contains 484 square miles, and ac-
cording to the official return in 1818, 53,937 in-
habitants, with a revenue of 22,000/. sterling,
Rudolstadt is the principal town.
Schwarzburg, t. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, 8 m.
W.Saalfeld.
Schwarsenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of the
Erzgebirg. In the neighbourhood are several
iron forges ; and mines which yield both tin and
lead. 48 m. S. W. Dresde'n, 18 S. Chemnitz.
Lon. 12° 38' E. Lat. 50" 34' N.
Schwartz, t. Upper Austria, on the Inn. Near
it is a mine of silver and copper, in which 1,000
men are employed. Here is likewise a good glass-
house. 14 m.E. N. E. Innspruck, 54 S. W. Sals-
burg. Lon. 1 1" 46' E. Lat. 47" 21' N. Pop. 7,450.
Schwedt, t. Brandenburg, on the Oder, 46 m. N.
E. Berlin. Lon. 14" 28' E. Lat. 53" 5' N. Pop.
4,200.
Schiveidnitz, city, Silesia, fortified with regular
and very strong works. 26 m. S. W. Breslau, 86
N. N. W. Olmutz. Lon. 16" 25' E. Lat. 50" 40' N.
Pop. 8,300.
Schweinfurl, or Suirford, t. Bavaria, on the
Maine, over which is a stone bridge. Its chief
trade is in cloth, linen, and feathers. 28 m. N. N.
E. Bamberg, 64 E. Franckfort-on-the-Maine.
Lon. 10" 25' E. Lat. 50" 5' N. Pop. 5,100.
Schweinitz, t. Prussian Saxonv, on the Schwartz
Elster, 10 m. S. S. E. Zahna, 12 E. Wiltenbefg.
Lon. 13° 8' E. Lat. 51° 47' N. Pop. 700.
Schiceitz, or Schwitz, canton, Swisserland, and
the fifth in order, bounded N. by Zurich, E. by the
baiiliwick of Gaster and the canton of Glarus, S.
by Uri, and W. by Lucerne, Zug, and Zurich ;
about 24 miles in length, and 18 in breadth. The
country is mountainous, intersected with fertile
vallies. The principal commerce is in cattle. The
inhabitants are Roman Catholics. Pop. 3 1,000.
Schiceitz, t. Swisserland, and cap. of a canton of
the same name, 16 m. E. S. E. Lucerne, 26 S. Zu-
rich. Lon. 8" 26' E. Lat. 46" 57' N.
Schwelm, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 22
m. N. E. Cologn, 22 E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,300.
Schwerin, city of the duchy of Mecklenburg, the
usual residence of the dukes of the Schwerin line,
is situated on a pleasant lake. The duke's palace
stands on an island in the lake, beinj; fortified and
communicating with the town, by means of a
bridge. 34 m. E. S. E, Lubeck, 40 E. N.E. Lau-
enburg. Lon. 11" 24' E. Lat. 53° 49' N. Pop.
10,000.
Schicerin. See Mecklenburg.
Schiverte, or Schivierte, t. Prussian States, in
Westphalia, 64 m. E. N. E. Dusseldorf, 38 N. N.
E. Cologn. Lon. 7° 32' E. Lat. 51° 24' N. Pop.
1,740.
Schivesnilz, r. Germany, which runs into the
Saal, near Kotzau,
Schwets, 1. Prussian States, on the W. side of the
Vistula, with a castle, 7 m. N. Culm.
Schivibusin, or Schiviebus, t. Prussian States, in
Brandenburg, 40 m. N. N. W. Gros Glogau, 30
E. Francfort on the Oder. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat.
52°20'N. Pop. 3,100.
Schwineraunde, t. Prussian States, on the E.
coast of the isle of Usedom, on one of the mouths
of the Oder, 14 m. N. N. E. Uckermunde, 12 E.
Usedom. Lon. 14° 12' E. Lat. 53" 56' N.
Schivinge, or Swinge, or Zwinge, r. Germany,
which runs into the Elbe. Lon. 9" 23' E. Lat. 53"
38' N.
Schwitz. See Schweilz.
Scichili, i. Sicily, in the valley of Noto, 30 m.
S. W. Syracuse. Lon. 14" 54' E. Lat. 36° 37' N.
Sciefames, v. Palestine, 12 m. W, Acre.
Sciali, or Skiati, small isl. in the Grecian Ar-
chipelago, 18 m. N. Negroponte. Lon. 23° 38' E.
Lat. 39" 26' N.
Sciglio, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on a rocky
promontory, anciently called Scylla, and celebra-
ted for ship wrecks. The ancient Scylla, or rock
so beautifully described by Homer, rises like a
round tower, and towards the sea presents a sharp
three forked cliff, in which are found the three
rows of teeth of Homer. Its form is striking and
inspires terror. 10 m. N. N. E. Reggio. Lon.
16° 2' E. Lat. 38" 14' N.
Scilly Islands, a cluster of islands at the entrance
of the Enghsh channel, situated due W. from the
Lizard Point, and seen in a clear day from the
Land's End. St. Mary's is the largest, containing
1,271 inhabitants. Its 'greatest length is 2^ miles.
The hills are rocky, rising in some places to a
great height, and abound in mineral ores. This
island is defended by a strong garrison, situated
upon the W.part of it. About a mile S. W. of the
S. part of St. Mary's Garrison, lies St. Agnes'
Island, upon which stands a very high and strong
light-house. Lon. 6" 0' to 6" 30' W. Lat. 49" 54'
to 50" 2' N.
Scilly Islands, islands or shoals, in tlie Pacific
ocean, extremely dangerous. Lon. 155° 30' W.
Lat. 16° 28' S.
Scio, or Chios, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
30 miles long, and from 10 to 18 wide. This island
is mountainous and bare of wood. The produc-
tions are wheat, barley wine, and oil. Oranges,
lemons, and bergamot-citrons are important arti-
cles of trade ; but the most considerable mer-
chandize is their silk, of tliis they make, one year
with another, 30,000 lbs. It is estimated that
500 looms are employed in the manufacture
of silk stuffs, and the trade of the various stuffs
manufactured at Scio is estimated at upwards of
6,000,000 livres. The other wares of the island
are wool, cheese, figs, and mastic. The turpen-
tine has been long in great estimation. In no isl-
and in the Archipt-lago nor in any country of Tur-
key are the lands better cultivated, commerce
more active, or industry greater than in Scio.
678
SCO
SCR
The iahabitanta are remarkably intelligent. Pop.
estimated at 110,000, principally Greeks. Not
more than 4,000 are Turks. Lon. 25° 54' E. Lat
38" 30' N.
Scio, s-p. and cap. of the isl. of the same name.
Its harbour, which is none of the best, is the i-en-
dezvous, of all shipping going or returning be-
tween Constantinople, Syria, and Egypt. It is a
well built town, and defended by a citadel, with a
considerable garrison. Pop. 30,000, viz. 3,500
Turks, 26,500 Greeks, and 100 Jews. Lon. 26°
0" E. Lat. 38° 23' N.
Scioto, r. Ohio, which after a southerly course
of 170 miles, falls into the Ohio, at Portsmouth. It
is navigable 130 miles, and is connected with the
Sandusky by a portage of 4 miles.
Scioto, CO. Ohio, on Ohio and Scioto rivers. Pop.
in 1815, 3,870. Chief town, Portsmouth.
Scioto, t. Ross CO. Ohio, on Scioto river, in
which is Chillicothe, the cotmty seat. Pop. in
1819, 3,245.
Scioto, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Scioto river.
Scioto, t. PickaAvay co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 12
m. above Circleville.
Scioto, t. Jackson co. Ohio.
Scioto salt springs, p-v. Ross co. Ohio.
Scipio, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Cayuga lake,
11 m.S. Auburn, 180 W. Albany. Pop. 7,100.
Here is an academy. In this town is the village
ofAurora.
Sciro, or Scyro, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
•about 60 miles in circumference. It is very
mountainous, but produces wiieat and barley suf-
ficient for the inhabitants. The wine and cheese
are excellent. The inhabitants collect large
quantities of wax and some mastic. Lon. 24° 33'
E. Lat. 38" 52' N. Pop. 1 ,500.
Scituate, s-p. and p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 20 ra.
N. Plymouth, 30 S. E. Boston. Pop 2,969.
Scituate, p-t. Providence co. R. I. 12 m. W.
Providence, 27 N. W. Newport. Pop. 2,568.
Hwe is an academy, a bank, a foundry of cannon
and bells, and several cotton factories.
Sckozou; or Skalschau, t. Silesia, in the princi-
pality of Tcschcm. Lon. 18° 43' E. Lat. 49° 48' N.
Sclavonia, a country of Europe, between the
rivers Drave and Danube on the N. and Save on
the S. ; bounded N. by Hungary, E. by the ban-
nat of Temesvar and Servia, S. by Servia and
Bosnia, and W. by Croatia ; about 150 miles long,
and from 25 to 45 broad. It is a fine, level, fruit-
ful country, where cultivated ; but having been
for many years a frontier province against Tur-
key, and subject to the ravages of the Christian as
w^ell as the Turkish armies, it has produced but
little corn or wine. The Rascians inhabit the eas-
tern division of the country ; and the natives in
general are a brave hardy race, soldiers from
their cradles. The ancient Sclavonia contained
many large countries ; some have extended it
from the Adriatic to the Euxine sea.
Scombraria, small isl. in the Mediterranean, at
the entrance into the harbour of Carthagena.
Scone, or Scoon, t. Scotland, in Perth co, on the
Tay, noted as the place of crowning the kings of
Scotland. 2 m. N. Perth.
Sconondoah, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y. on a small
creek of the same name, which runs into Oneida
creek.
Scoodic. See St. Croix river, Maine.
Scoonie, I. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 10 m. S. W. St.
Andrews, 24 N. N. E. Edinburg.
Scopia, or Useup. See Skopia.
Scopoio, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, Lon,
23° 52' E. Lat. 39° 26' N.
Scorf, r. France, in Morbihan, which runs into
the sea, 6 m. S. L' Orient.
Scotch Fir Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
America, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 236° 17'
E. Lat. 49° 42' N.
Scotch plwins, p-v. Essex co. N. J. on a N. E.
branch of the Raritan, 11 m. W. Elizabethtown.
Scotland, country, Europe, which united witli
England and Wales, forms Great Britain ; and as
a mark of distinction, is frequently called J^orth-
Britain. It is bounded S. E. by England, and on
all other sides by the sea. The length from N. to
S. is about 270 miles. Area, 30,238 square miles.
The coasts are intersected by innumerable lochs
and bays.
The Grampian hills which commence at Loch
Lomond, near the mouth of the Clyde, and run N.
E. completely across the country to Aberdeen on
the German ocean, are the natural boundary be-
tween the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland.
The country north of the Grampian hills, except
a small district on the eastern coast, consists of
barren hills and mountains, interspersed Avith nu-
merous lakes, and some fertile vallies. Scotland
feeds vast herds of cattle, and the hills are covered
with sheep. Grass, oats, and turnips are the prin-
cipal agricultural productions. Iron, coal, and
lead are the principal minerals.
The established religion is Presbyterian. The
establishment is divided into 15 Synods, which are
subdivided into 78 Presbyteries. They are all un-
der the government of the General Assembly.
The number of ministers connected with tlie es-
tablishment in 1803, was 9J6. Scotland is cele-
brated for its excellent system of education. There
is no country in Europe where the lower classes
are so universally taught to read and write.
There are universities at St. Andrews, Aberdeen,
Edinburgh and Glasgow. Scotland is represent-
ed in the British parliament by 16 peers and 45
commoners. The 16 peers are elected for every
new parliament by the whole body of the peerage
duly qualified to vote. The whole number of
Scotch peers in 1811 was 82. Pop. in 1811,
1,804,864.
Scotland neck, p-t. Halifax co. N. C.
Scotland society, p-v. Windham co. Ct.
Scot's Bay, bay, on the S. W. extremity of
Dominica. 4 m. S. Charlotte Town.
ScoCs Head, cape, at the S. extremity of Domi-
nica. Lon. 61° 24' W. Lat. 15° 20' N.
Scott, t. York CO. Up. Canada, N. of York.
Scott, t. Cortlandt co. (N. Y.) N. of Homer.
Scott, CO. in the S. VV. part of Va.
Scott, CO. Ken. Pop. 12,419, including 3,732
slaves. Chief town, Georgetown. At the court»
house is a post office.
Scottsborough, v. Baldwin co. Geo. about 10 m.
S. Milledgeville.
Scottsburg, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Scott^s Ferry, p-v. Albemarle co. Va,
Scott'' s Islands, cluster of islands in the Pacific
Ocean, near the N. W coast of the island of Qua-
dra and Vancouver. Lon. 231° 2' E. Lat, 50° 57' N.
Scottsville, p-v. Powhattan co. Va.
Scottsville, p-t. and cap. Allen co. Ken.
Scouzie Head, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast
of Caithness, 3 m. S. Duncansby Head. Lon. 2"
25' W. Lat. 58° 31' N.
Scriba, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on the W. side of
Oswego river at its mouth. The village of Oswe-
go is situated partly in this town.
SEA
S E D
e?^
Scriven, co. Geo. between Savannah and Oge-
chee rivers. Pop. 4,477, including 1,816 slaves.
Chief town, Jacksonborough.
Scroon, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. Pop. 689. It con-
tains 2 settlements, Dominick, 10 m. S. W. of the
head of Scroon lake, and Pendleton, 20 m. N. W.
Dominick.
Scroon, r. N. Y. the N. E. branch of the Hudson.
Scroon lake is an expansion of this river 8 miles
long and 1 broad, and ia 12 m. W. of the north end
of Lake George. Scroon river unites with the N.
branch of the Hudson 8 m. N. W. Caldwell.
Scudenes, or Scuteness, isl. near the coast of Nor-
way, 20 miles in circumference, 18 m. N. W.
Stavanger.
Scufflttoim, p-v. Laurens co. 9. C.
Scull campy p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Scutari, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on a lake to
which it gives name, 52 m. S. E. Ragusa, 448 W.
Constantinople. Lon. 19° 14' E. Lat. 42*" 27' N.
Pop. 20,000.
Scutari, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Bos-
phorus, opposite Constantinople.
Scutiock Point, cape, on the coast of Maine.
Lon. 67" 58' W. Lat. 44" 18' N.
Scylla. See Scigho.
Scyro. See Sciro.
Sea Wolves'' Island, isl. in the Gulf of St. Law-
rence, near the W. coast of Cape Breton. Lon.
61. W. Lat. 46" 21' N.
Seabrook, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the sea
coast, 6 m. N. Newburyport, 9 from Exeter. Pop.
774.
Seabrook. See Saybrook.
Senford, t. Eng. in Sussex. It is a cinque port,
and sends two members to parliament. 10 m. S.
Lewes, 59 S. London. Lon. 0" 7' E. Lat. 50° 46' N.
Seakonk, p-t. Bristol co. Maine.
Seakonnct point, and rocks, the S. extremity of
the eastern shore of Narraganset bay, R. 1. 6 m. E.
S. E. Newport.
Seahorse point , cape, on a peninsula in Hudson's
Bay. Lon. 82° 10' W. Lat. 64° N.
Seal, t. Pike co. Ohio, in which is Piketon, the
county seat.
Seal Island, near the S. W. coast of Nova Sco-
tia. Lon. 66" W. Lat. 43° 25' N.
Seal Island, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Maine. Lon. 68° 40' W. Lat. 43° 50' N.
Seal Islands, cluster of small islands, in the At-
lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67° 46' W.
Lat. 44° 45' N.
Seal Islands, cluster of small islands near the E.
coast of Labrador. Lon. 55° 10' W. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Seal Key, small isl. near the Musquito shore.
Lon. 82° 40' W. Lat. 12° 54' N.
Sealeote, t. Hind, in Lahore, 50 m. N. N. E. La-
hore. Lon. 73° 50' E. Lat. 31° 44' N.
Searcey''s,p-\. Montgomery co. Ten.
Searsburg, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. E. Ben-
nington.
Searsmont, t. Hancock co. Maine 25 m. W. Cas-
tine.
Seaton, or Port Seaton, s-p. Scotland, in Had-
dingtonshire, on the Firth of Forth, 5 m. W. N.
W. Haddington, 8 E. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 59' W.
Lat. 55° 58' N.
Seaton JVook, cape, Eng. on the E. coast of Dur-
ham, at the mouth of the Tecs, 5 m. S. S E. Har-
tlepool, 5 N. Tynemouth.
Seaton, r. Eng. which runs into the English
Channel, 3 m. E. Looe, in Cornwall.
Seaton Delaval, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 10
m. N. E. Newcastle. Lat. 55° 6' N.
Sebago, or Sebacook, lake, Maine, 18 m. N. Port-
land. Its extent, including Long pond, with
which it is connected on the N. is 30 miles, and its
waters are discharged through Presumpscut river
into the Atlantic.
Sebasticook, r. Maine, which joins the E. side of
the Kennebec, in Winslow.
Sebasticook, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 105.
Sebaate, t. Syria, the remains of the ancient city
of Samaria, once the capital of Israel. It is now
depopulated, and the greater part converted into
gardens. 84 m. N. N. E. Jerusalem.
Sebba Rous, or Seven Capes, a cape on the coast
of Algiers, Lon. 6° 32' E. Lat. 37" 8' N.
Sebeck, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 35 m. N. W.
Bangor.
Sebenico, s-p. Dalmatia, on the Kerka, near the
Adriatic, and one of the strongest towns on the
coast, with a large harbour, and defended by four
citadels. 29 m. N. Trau, 25 N. W. Spalatro.
Lon. 16° 15' E. Lat. 44° 30' N. Pop. 6,800.
Sebere, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, near
Naples. The water of this river supplies the
fountains and aqueducts of that city.
Sebese, or Pulo Bicie, small isl. in the Straits of
Sunda. Lon. 105° 27' E. Lat. 5° 50' S.
Sebnitz, t. Saxony, in Meissen, 20 m. E. S. E.
Dresden. Lon. 14° 25' E. Lat. 50° 59' N. Pop.
2,250.
Sebola, t. Portugal, in Beira, 21 m. N. N. W.
Bastel Branco, 30 VV. S. W. Guarda.
Seboo, or Subu, r. Africa, which passes by the
city of Fez, and runs into the Atlantic, a little be-
low Marmora.
Sebzvar, t. Persia, in Chorasan, 180 m. N. W.
Herat. Lon. 56° 12' E. Lat. 36° 1 1' N.
Secas, cluster of small islands in the Pacific
Ocean, near the coast of Veragua. Lon. 83° 16
W. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Seca, (La,) t. Spain, in Leon, 14 m. S. S. W.
Valladolid, 8 N. Medina del Campo.
Seccliia, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 3 m. N.
Quistello, in Mantua.
Sechien, t. Persia, in Kerman, on the N. coast
of the Persian Gulf, 141 m. S. Sirgian.
Sechura, t. Peru, in Truxillo, on the river Piu-^.
ra, about a league from the Pacific Ocean. The
inhabitants are all Indians, and consist of nearly
400 families, principally employed in fishing or
driving of mules. The Desert of Sechura is a
frightful waste of sand, extending thirty leagues.
180 m. N. N. W. Truxillo, 30 S. S. E. Payta.
Seckaii, t. Austrian States, 8 m. N. E. Juden-
berg.
Seckenheim, or Sohernheim, t. Baden, 4 m. E.
Manheim.
Seckingdon, v. Eng. in Warwick, 4 m. N. E.
Tamworth, 117 N. N. W. London.
Seckingen, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 4 m. W. Lau-
fenburg, 14 E. Bale. Lon. 8° E. Lat. 47° 34' N.
Second moon, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,245.
Secundarah, t. Hind, in Delhi, 28 m. S. E. Delhi,
68 N. Agra. Lon. 78° 7' E. Lat. 28° 22' N.
Secunderpour, t. Hind, in Benares, on the De»
wah, 35 m. E. N. E. Gazypour.
Seczeniaga, a town of European Turkey, in
Dobruz Tartary, on the Danube, 20 miles N. Kir-,
sova.
Sedan, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse ,
It 19 strongly fortified, and reckoned one of the key."
680
SEE
of France. 13i posts S. S. W, Lie^e, 30i E. N. E.
Paris. Lon. 5° 0' E. Lat. 49" 42' N.
Sedbergh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 1 m. N. Kendal,
271 N. London. Lon. 2° 36' W. Lat 54" 13' N.
Seddkscomb, v. En°;. in Sussex, 3 m. N. W.
Battel.
Sedger River, r. Patagonia, which runs into the
Straits of iVl agellan. The mouth is in the W. part
of Port Famine.
Sedgjield, t. Eng. in Durham, 9 m. S. E. Dur-
ham, 233 N. London. Lon. T 28' W. Lat. 54°
45' N.
Sedgley, t. Eng. in Stafford, 4 m. S. Wolverhamp-
ton, 124 N. W. London.
Sedgmoor, tract of land Eng. in Somersetshire,
memorable for the defeat of the Duke of 31on-
mouth, in 1685. It is between Somerton and
Bridgewater.
Sedgtcick, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the E.
side of Penobscot bay, 6 m. E. Castine. Pop. 1,352.
Sedre Passage, channel on the N. coast of Suma-
tra, between Pulo Nancy and King's Point.
Sedunova, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 12
m. N. Orlenga.
See Amol, small isl. near the E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118" 48' E. Lat. 5" 27' N.
See Bangog, small isl. near the E. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 1 J 8° 24' E. Lat 4" 1 8' N.
Seeassee, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120" 50' E. Lat 5" 25' N.
Seebergen, t. Germany, in the. duchy of Gotha.
Here is a celebrated observatory, erected by a
late duke. 4 miles E. S. E. Gotha,
Seebgunge, t. Hind, in Bengal, on the left bank
of the Ganges, 5 m. N. Boglipour.
Secburg, t Prussia, 55 m. S. Konigsberg. Lon.
20" 40' E. Lat 53" 31' N.
Seeching, or Scechy, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 4 m. S
Lynn, 98 N. London.
Seedy Mdelmoumen, t. Algiers, in Treme9en, on
the coast of the Mediterranean, with a good road
for ships, 4 m. S. W. Mejerda.
Seedy Abdullah, t. Morocco, on the coast of the
Atlantic, 30 m. N. Mogadon
Seedy Doude, t. Tunis, situated at the N. ex-
tremity of the peninsula of Dakkul, surrounded
with the ruins of the ancient Misua. 10 m. S. W.
Cape Bon, 150 N. E. Tunis.
Seedy Occuba, t. Africa, in Zaab, 15 m. S. E.
Biscara.
Seehausen, t. Prussian States, 40 m. N. W. Bran-
denburg, 62 W. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 11" 59' E.
Lat 52" 53' N.
Seekhonk, the name of Pawtucket river below
Pawtucket falls.
Seekhonk, t. Bristol co. Mass. on the E. side of
Pawtucket river, 19 m. S. W. Taunton, 38 S. S.
W. Boston. The village of Pawtucket is partly in
this town.
Seeland. See Zealand.
Seelburg, or Sehnpills, t. on the Dwina, 50 m. S.
E. Riga, 60 E. S. E. Mittau.
Seelmv, t. Brandenburg, 10 ra. W. Custrim, 34
E. Berlin. Pop. 1,500.
Seeneendoong, small isl. near the N. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 1 17" 44' E. Lat. 7° 48' N,
Seeparran, small isl. near the E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118" 23' E. Lat 4° 8' N.
Seer, t Arabia, in Ommon, and cap. of a princi-
pality, which lies along the Persian GulC It has
a good harbour,and is the seat of the schiech. The
prince makes some figure among the maritime
power? in these pail?. His navy is one of tJie
S E G
most considerable in the Persian Gulf. lOo m. W^
S. VV. Julfar. Lon. 54" 38' E. Lat. 25° N.
Seerd, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 55 m. E. Di-
arbek, 100 N. N. W. Mosul.
Sees, t. France, in Orne, on the Orne, 2i posts
N. Alen9on, 9 | S. Caen. Lon. 0" 15' E. Lat 48°
36' N.
Seeseen, t. Brunswick, 4 m. E. Gandersheim, 40
W. Goslar.
Seeskar, small isl. in the Gulf of Finland. Lon.
25" 11' E. Lat 60° 5' N.
Seetapoon, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. N. W. Islamabad.
Lon. 91° 48' E.^at 22" 37' N.
Seewah. See Siwa.
Seewee Bay. See Sewee.
Segeborg, t. Hoktein, 18 m. N. W. Lubeck, 28
N. E. Hamburg. Lon. 10" 19' E. Lat. 53° 58' N.
Pop. 850.
Segestan, province, Persia, bounded N. by Cho-
rasan, E. by Candahar, and Sablestan, S. by Me-
cran, W. by Kerman and Farsistan, anciently call-
ed Drangiana. Zareng is the capital.
Seglinge, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Finland. Lon. 20" 30' E. Lat. 60" 14' N.
Segna, s-]i. Morlachia, on the Adriatic, declar-
ed a free port, and erected into a bishopric, by the
Emperor Joseph II. in the year 1785. It is ill built,
and weakly fortified. Lon. 15" 3' E. Lat. 45" 4' N.
Pop. about 7,000.
Segni, t. Popedom, in the Campagria di Roma,
the see of a bishop, 16 m. W. Alatra, 25 S. E. Rome.
Sego, city, Africa, and capital of Bambarra, on
the Niger. According to Mr. Park, it consists,
properly, of four distinct towns ; two on each side
of the Niger, and all surrounded with high mud
walls : the houses are built of clay, of a square
form, with flat roofs ; some of them have two sto-
ries, and many of them are white-w^ashed. Moor-
ish mosques ai-e seen in every quarter. Pop. es-
timated by Mr. Park at 30,000. Lon. 2° 30' W.
Lat 14° 10' N.
Segonzac, t France, in Charente 6 m. S. E. Cog-
nac, 15 W. Augoulesme. Pop. 2,550.
Segorbe, i. Spain, in Valencia, on the river Mor-
viedro, the see of a bishop, 35 m. N. Valencia, 150
E. Madrid. Lon. 0" 39' W. Lat 39" 58' N. Pop.
6,000.
Segovia, city, Spain, in Old Castile, the ^ of a
bishop, surrounded with a wall, flanked with tow-
ers and a rampart It contains 27 churches, and
24 convents. The principal edifices are the ca-
thedral, and the castle of Alcazar. Segovia has
ever been famous for its wool, and formerly for its
manufactures. It has fallen from its ancient splen-
dour. The mint of Segovia was for some years
the only one in Spain. 73 m. E. Salamanca, 40
N. N. W. Madrid. Lon. 4° 1' VV. Lat. 41° 3< N.
Pop. 10,000.
Segovia, J^ueva, t. island of Lu^on, 250 m. N.
Manilla.
Segovia jVucra, t. Caraccas, 150 m. S. E. Vene-
zuela, 130 S. W, Caraccas. Lon. 68° 16' W. Lat.
8" 50' N.
Segra, r. Spain, which joins the Ebro, near Me-
quinez.
Segre, t. France, in Mayne and Loire, 18 m. N.
W. Angers.
SegvAri, isl. off the coast of Maine, in Casco bay.
Lon. 69° 20' W. Lat 43° 41' N. Here is a light
house.
Segundo, cape on the W, coast of Africa. Lon.
13° 20' Lat 3° 40' S.
Segurff. t, Spain, iu Arragon, 42 ra. S. Saragossa.
S E L
S £ L
681
Stgura, r. Spain, which rises in the mountains
of Murcia, and runs into the Mediterranean, 16 m.
S. S. W. Alicant.
Scgura, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. Rosma-
rilhal,
Sehaurunpour, t. Hind, and cap. of a circar, to
which it gives name, between the Jumnah and the
Ganges, 86 m. N. Delhi, 80 S. S. W. Siranagur.
Lon. 77" 15' E. Lat. 30° 4' N.
Seheslen, t. Prussian States, 54 ra. S. E. Kon-
igsberg.
Seida. See Saida.
Seidenberg, t. Silesia, 2 m, S. S. E. Gorlitz.
Heiks, a people of Asia, who first made their ap-
pearance in Lahore, as a religious sect, and have
iince found means to become masters of the subah
of Lahore, great part of Moultan, and the western
part of Delhi. Nanock, the founder of the Siek
nation, was born in the year of the Christian era
1469, during the reign of Sultan Beloul, at the
village of Tulwundy, about 6 miles W. of Lahore.
k is said they can bring an army of 100,000 men
into the field, all cavalry.
Sell, small isl. near the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5" 37' W. Lat. 56" 19' N.
Sejla. See Zeila.
Seiland, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 70" 20' N.
Sein, small isl. near the coast of France, in Fin-
isterre, 2 m. W. Point Raz, 28 S. S. E. Ushant.
Lon. 4" 42' W. Lat. 48" 2' N.
Seine, {La,) r. France, which rises in Cote
d'Or, passes by Chatillon sur Seine, Troyes, Paris,
Rouen, &c. and runs into the English Channel at
Havre de Grace.
Seine, (La,) t. France, in Var, on a tongue of
land which runs into the sea, 3 ra. S. Toulon.
Seine, Loteer, a de])artment of France, bounded
N. and W. by the English Channel, E. by Somme
and Oise, and S. by Eure and Calvados. Rouen
IS the capital.
jSmie and Marne, a department of France,
bounded N. by Oise and Aisne, E. by Mame and
Aube, S. E. by Yonne, S. by Loiret, and W. by
Loiret and Seine-and-Oise. Melun is the capital.
Seine and Oise, a department of France, bound-
ed N. by Oise, E.by Seine-and-Marne, S. by Loi-
ret, and W. by Eure, and Eure-and-Loire. Ver-
seilles is the capital.
Seinsheim, (Markl,) t. Germany, 18 m. S. E.
Wurzburg, 28 N. N. W. Anspach.
SeiT, in Sac. Geog. a mountain and country in
the S. borders of Palestine, on the shore of the
Dead Sea.
Seissen, t. Saxony, 18 m. S. S. E. Freyberg, 25
S. W. Dresden. Lon. 13° 27' E. Lat. 50° 35' N.
SeJKr, r. Syria, which rises a little N. of Antab,
and after a course of 30 miles loses itself in the
earth.
Sejur, t. Syria, 15 m. S. Antab.
Sekoohoom, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120° 20' E. Lat. 5° 5/ N.
Sela, in Sac. Geog. t. Arabia Petrsea.
Selame, islands near the Arabian coast, at the
entrance into the Gulf of Persia.
Seibitz, r. Germany, which runs into the Saal, 2
m. N. E. Lichtenberg.
Selboe, t. Norway, 40 m. S. E. Drontheim.
Selbi/, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ouse, famous
for thebirthof Henrvl. 15m. S. York, 182 N.Lon-
don. Lon. 1" 3' W."Lat. 53° 48' N. Pop. 3,363.
Scle, r. Naples, which runs into the Gulf of Sa-
lerno, in lou. 13° E. Jat. 40" 28' N.
86
Selefke, or Ilschil, (axi. Seleucia,) t. A.Turkey,
in Caramania, on a river which soon after emp-
ties itself into the Mediterranean, opposite the isl-
and of Cyprus, 110 m. S. Konieh. Lon. 33" 30'
E. Lat. 36" 40' N.
Selemie, t. Egypt, on the E. branch of the Nile,
43 m. N. Cairo.'
Selenga, r. which rises in Chinese Tartary, and
crossing the confines of Russia, runs into the Bai-
kal Lake, 50 m. W. N. W. Yerchnei Udinsk.
Selenginsk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the conflux
of the Selenga and the Chilok. It has a port with
10 cannon and a garrison. 84 m. S. E. Irkutsk,
274 W. Nertchinsk. Lon. 106" 44' E. Lat. 51° N.
Sslenti, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, at the
mouth of the river Selenti, 45 m. E. Alanieh, 65
W. Kiutaja. Lon. 29" 18' E. Lat. 39" 3' N.
Seleiicia, in Sac. Geog. There were several
cities of this name : one in Mesopotamia, on the
Tigris, commonly called Great Seleusia ; another
in Pisidia, between Antioch and Pergas ; another
the cliief city of Cilicia, near to Antioch and op-
posite the island of Cyprus, at the mouth of the
river Orontes.
Seliakinsko, an ostrog of Russia, in the govern-
ment of Tobolsk, on the Eniaei, 260 miles N. N.
W. Turuchansk. Lon. 85" 14' E. Lat. 69" 55' N.
Seligenstadt, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Main,
12 m. E. S. E. Franckfort on the Maine, 9 N. W,
Aschaffenburg. Lon. 8" 46' E. Lat 49" 59' N.
Pop. 2,350.
Selim. See Salem.
Selimabad, t. Hind, in Bengal, 12 m. S. S. E.
Burdwan. Lon. 87" 48' E. Lat. 23" 5' N.
Selimbria. See Seliiria.
Selimpour, t. Bengal, 24 m. N. W. Burdwan.
Lon. 87" 35' E. Lat. 23" 23' N.
Selingue. See Selenga.
5eim'sg/-ore,p- V.Northumberland co. Pa.
Selivria, or Selijnbria, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Ro-
mania, on the N. side of the Sea of Marmora, with
an old ruinous castle, 34 m. W. Constantinople.
Lon. 28" 12' E. Lat. 40° 52' N.
Selkakari, small isl. on the E. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 24° 54' E. Lat. 65" 36' N.
Selkirk, t. Scotland, and cap. of a county to
which it gives name, on the river Ettrick, 37 m. S.
Edinburgh, 359 N. London. Lon. 2° 52' W. Lat.
55° 35' N. Pop. 2,098.
Selkirkshire, co. Scotland, bounded N. by Pee-
bles and Edinburgh, E.by Ro.xburgh, S. by Dum-
fries, and W. by Dumfries and Peebles. It was
formerlyalso called the sheriffdom of /'rtrtcA; Foresty
from an extensive royal forest of that name. Pop.
5,889.
Sellempour, t. Hind, in Oude, 42 m. S. E. Goo-
racpour. Lon. 84" 12' E. Lat. 26" 15' N.
Seller'' s tavern, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Selles, t. France, in Loir and Cher, on the Cher,
14 m. S. W. Romorantin, 21 S. Blois.
SeUiiiagur, t. Hind, in Oude, on the left bank
of the Ganges, 60 m. W. Kairabad.
Selmas, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan, 75 m. W. S.
W. 'J^abris, 70 E. Van. Lon. 45" 20' E. Lat. 37"
45' N.
Selonda, small isl. near the N. coast of Cumba-
va. Lon. 1 17" 34' E. Lat. 8" 5' S.
Sclsea, or Selsej^, v. Eng. in Sussex, on a penin-
sula formed by an inlet of the sea, called Selsea
Harbour, 8 m. S. Chichester.
Selsea Bill, cape, on the S. coast of Eng. in Sus-
sex. Lon. 0° 50' \y. Lat. 50" 41' N.
eat
s E M
Sehertovm, or Ellicotsville, p-l, Adams co, Mis-
sissippi, 15 m. N. E. Natchez,
Sellers, or Meder Sellers, t. Germany, 21 m. N.
Mentz, SOE.Coblentz.
Seltschan, or Sedlezanyt *• Bohemia, 38 m. S.
frague. Lon. 14° 25' E. Lat. 49° 42' N.
iSe//2r, t. Erance, in Lower Rhine, on the Rliine,
22 m. N, N. E. Strasburg, 18 S. Landau.
Selva, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 35 m. N. E. Gerona. Lon. 3° 2'
E. Lat. 42° 20' N.
Selva, small isl. in the Gulf of Venice. Lon.
14° 5' E. Lat. 44° 38' N.
Selvig, t Denmark, on the W. coast of the island
of Samsoe. Lon. 10" 36' E. Lat. 55° 52' N.
Sem, r. Russia, which passes by Kursk, and
unites with the Deraa near Sosnitza.
Semana, t. Hind, in Delhi, 35 m. S. Sirhind.
ton. 75° 33' E. Lat. 29° 23' N.
Semao, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, about 24 miles
long from N. to S. and from 6 to 10 broad ; sepa-
rated from the S. W. end of the island of Timor, by
a narrow channel, called The Strait of Semao.
Lon. 123° 45' E. Lat. 10° 15' S.
Semar, r. Switz. which rises in Mount Cenis,
and falls into the Doria at Susa.
Semaue, or Semauat, t. Arabian Irak, on the Eu-
phrates, 170 m. N. W. Bassora, 115 S. E. Bagdad.
Lon. 45° 15' E. Lat. 31° 55' N.
Semegonda, t. Africa, in Wangara, on the Ni-
ger. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat. 15° 22' N.
Semendria, t. and fortress, Servia, on the S. side
of the Danube. It has been frequently taken and
retaken by the Turks and Hungarians. 20 m. S.
E. Belgrade, 50 S. Temcsvar. Lon. 20M1' E.
Lat. 44" 52' N. Pop. 10,000.
Seme7ijan; t. Grand Bukliaria, 70 m. W. Ande-
rab, 60 S. E. Balk. Lon. 66" 50' E. Lat. 36° 22' N.
Semennud, t. Egypt, on the E. bi-anch of the
Nile, 53 m. N. Cairo.
Semenov, t. Russia, in Niznei Novgorod, 36 ra.
N. Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 44°M'E. Lat. 55° 30' N.
Scminara, t. Napier, in Calabria Ultra. In
1783, it was destroyed by an earthquake. 17 m.
N. N. E. Reggio.
Seminoles, Indians, lately inhabiting extensive
districts in Florida. They are a branch of tlie
great Muscogee nation, the term Seminole mean-
ing wild, being applied by the Creeks to all the
Tagabonds of the nation. Tlieir number, a few
years since, was more than 6,000, but having be-
come troublesome neighbors on our southern bor-
ders, General Jackson was directed to suppress
their depredations. He slew their chiefs and
prophet, destroyed their cattle and provisions,
and burnt their towns in retaliation for their of-
fences. Where tlie remnants of these Indians now
are is not known. Sonie of them are settled about
St. Rose's bay in W. Florida, and others are scat-
tered in various places.
Semipolainoi, or Sempalaf, fortress, Russia, in
Kclivan, on the Irtisch, 248 m. S. Kolivan, 616 S.
E. Tobolsk. Lon. 80° 14' E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Semoy, r. France, which enters the Meuse near
Chateau Renard, in Ardennes.
Sempach, t. Switz. situated on a lake, to which
it gives name, 7 m. N. W. Lucerne, 24 S. VV. Zu-
rich.
Semphiropol, t. Russia, in Tauris, 60 m. S. Pere-
kop. Lon. 34° 10' E. Lat. 45° 8' N.
Sempronius, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Skene-
ateles lake, 14 m. S. £. Auburn, li>4 W. Albany.
Pop. 3,137.
SEN
Semrah, t. Hind, in Bahar, 38 m. N. Chuprah.
Lon. 84° 51' E. Lat. 26° 43' N.
Semur en Jiuxois, t France, in Cote d'Or, 30
m. W. N. W. Dijon, 48 S. W. Langres. Lon. A"
23' E. Lat. 47° 29' N.
Semur en Briennois, t. France, in Saone and
Loire, 2 m. E. Marcigny. Lon. 4° 10' E. Lat. 46*"
16' N.
Sena, or Marzali, t. Africa, in Mocaranga, on
the river Zambeze. Lon. 35° 20' E. Lat. 17° 35' S.
Senanh, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine in the tribe
of Judah.
Se-nan, city of China, of the first rank, in Koei-
tcheou, 845 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 107° E.
Lat. 27° 56' N.
Senamaribo, r. Guiana, which runs into the At-
lantic in lon. 54° 6' W. lat. 5° 30' N.
Senarpont, t. France, in Somme, 22 m. W.
Amiens, 15 S. Abbeville.
Sence, r. Eng. which runs into the Anker, near
Atherstone.
Seneca, lake, N. Y. from 6 to 15 m. W. of Cayu-
ga lake. It is 35 miles long and from 2 to 4 wide-
It receives the waters of Crooked lake from the
W. and discharges itself into Seneca river.
Seneca, r. N. Y. issues from the N. end of Sene-
ca lake, and running N. E. falls into Oswego river
at Three river point in Cicero, after a course of
60 miles. It recei\ es the streams which flow from
Cayuga, Owasco, Skeueateles and Onondaga
lakes. It affords considerable facilities for boat
navigation.
Seneca, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario,
E. by Cayuga co. S. by Tompkins co. and W. by
Ontario co. Pop. 16,609. Chief town, Ovid.
Seneca, p-L Ontario co. N. Y. on Seneca lake,
16 m. E. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,431. In this towa
is Geneva, which see.
Seneca falls, p-v. Seneca co. N. Y.
Seneca, co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, formed ia
1820, in the Indian reservation.
Seneca, fort, Ohio, on Sandusky river, 9 m. S.
Fort Stephenson.
Seneca, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Seneca, t. Monroe co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Woodsfield.
Seneca mills, p-v. Montgomf;ry co. Md.
Scnccaville, t. Morgan co. O.'iio.
Seneca creek, r. Md. which runs into the Poto-
mac 19 m. N. W. of Rock Creek.
Senef, t. Brabant, 13 m. N. W. Charleroy, 13
E. N. E. Mons.
Senegal, or Senegambia, country, Africa, be-
tween the Senegal and Gambia, in which are in-
cluded many kingdoms and states.
Senegal, r. Africa, formed by two branches, the
Kokro and the Bassing, which unite in about lat.
14" N. lon. 10° W. The united stream runs about
150 miles N. W. and afterwards W. till it finds
the ocean in lat. 16" N. Its whole length is more
than 1,000 miles. The French have extended
their factories 500 miles from its mouth. The
bar prevents the entrance of ships of 500 tons.
The head waters of this river approach within 40
miles of the Niger.
Senegal, isl. Africa, in the river so called, about
H miles long from N. to S. and ^ a mile from E. to
W. Lat. 16° 5' N.
Senetoso, cape, on the S. W. coast of Corsica, 20
m. S. W. Sarcena.
Senez, t. France, in Lower Alps, 14 m. S. S. E.
Digne.
Se.nftenberg,i. Prussian States, 32 m. N. E. Meis-
sen, 64S.S.E. Berlin. Lon. 14° l'E.Lat.51°31'N.
S £ R
Senglea, t. Malta, divided by a canal from \'it-
toriosa. Pop. 4,000.
Sengma, t. Africa, in Calbari, 5 m. N. Cape
Formosa.
Seningfiem, t. France, in straits of Calais, 9 m.
VV. St. Omer.
St7dis, t. France, 5J posts N. Paris. Lon, '2"
40' E. Lat. 49° 12' N.
Senn, t. A. Turkey, on the Tigris, 80 m. S. S. E.
Mosul.
Sennaary kingdom, Africa, in Nubia, on the
banks of the Nile, between Egypt and Abyssinia.
Sennaar^ city, Africa, and cap. of the above
kingdom, is on the W. side of the Nile. Mr.
Bruce says the ground whereon it stands, rises
just enough to prevent the river from entering the
town, in the height of the inundation. The town
of Sennaar is very populous, and contains many
good houses, all built of clay. The trade is not
great ; they have no manufactures, but the prin-
cipal article of consumption is blue cotton cloth
from Surat. The gold of Sennaar is esteemed
the purest and beat in Africa. Lon. 33° 30' E. Lat.
13° 34' N.
Sennerat, isl. near theW, coast of West Green-
land. Lon. 47° 35' W. Lat. 61° 28' N.
Senno?ie, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Naples. Lon. 11° E. Lat. 41° .3' N.
Seno, r. which runs into the S. branch of the
Fo, between Ferrara and the Adriatic.
Senones, t. France, in Vosges, 9 m. S. W. Sa-
lem, 33 W. S. W. Strasburg.
Sens, t. France, in Yonne, on the Yonne. Be-
fore the revolution it was the see of an archbish-
op. 24 posts N. N. W. Dijon, 13i S. S. E. Paris.
Lon. 3" 22' E. Lat. 48° 12' N. Pop. 8,575.
Sensaon, t. Africa, in Fez, 25 m. S. Tetuan.
Sensburg, t. Prussia, 66 m. S. Konigsberg. Lon.
2r23'E. Lat 53° 44' N.
Sentinel, Great, isl. in the Indian sea, 10 miles
in circumference. 20 m. S. W. Great Andaman,
Lon. 92° 40' E. Lat. 11° 36' N.
Sentinel, Little, small isl, in the E. Indian sea,
8 m. from the Little Andaman. Lon. 92° 23' E.
Lat. 10° 59' N.
Sepharvaim, in Sac. Geog. a town under the
Assyrian government, from which colonists were
sent to the country of Samaria. It is probably the
same as Siphora in Mesopotamia, on the Eu-
phrates.
Sephour)/, or Saffura, (an. Sephor, or Sephoris,)
t. Palestine, once the strongest town of the coun-
try, and capital of Galilee, 12 m. N. W, Tabaria.
Sepra, or Sippra, r. Hind, which joins the Cal-
lysind, and forms the Chumbul,
Sepulveda, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the river
Duraton, 28 m. N. E. Segovia.
Sera, t. Hind. 58 m. N, W. Bangalore, 55 N.
Seringapatam. Lon. 75° 54' E. Lat, 13° 28' N.
Seraglio, a district of Italy, S. of Mantua, in
which Augustus had some possessions ; called also
Virgilian Fields.
Serajo, or Bosna Serajo, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bos-
nia, on the river Bosna, It is the see of a bishop.
230 m. S. Vienna, 1 1 8 W. Belgrade. Lon. 18° E.
Lat, 44" 26' N.
Serampore, a Danish settlement, Hind, on the
W. bank of the Hoogly, 15 m, N. of Calcutta. It
is the chief station of the Baptist missions in India,
The missionaries arrived here in 1799, and have
ever since been engaged in preaching to the na-
tives, and in translating and printing the Holy
Scriptures, la 1818, more than 600 of the heathen
S E R
683
had embraced Christianity ; the whole Bible had
been translated and printed in five of the lan-
guages of India, and the New Testament in eight
more. At the same time 12 other versions of the
New Testament were in the press. One of the
languages in which the whole Bible is translated,
and the New Testament printed, is the Chinese,
which is spoken by more than 150,000,000 peo-
ple. The printing office is an extensive establish-
ment, and 10 presses are kept constantly employ-
ed.— The schools established by the missionaries
for the gratuitous instruction of children, con-
tained m 1819, nearly 10,0i)0 scholars. For a
number of years the missionaries have employed
native convei is in instructing their fellow-coun-
trymen with good success. A college for the edu-
cation of native preachers has been recently es-
tablished, and contained in 1819, 37 pupils. The
Rev, Mr. Ward, one of the missionaries, collected
in the year 1820, |25,000in Britain and Ameri-
ca towards completing this establishment, and the
missionaries contributed ;J1 1,000 towards the
same object out of the proceeds of their own la-
bor,
Serangan, isl. in the E, Indian sea, 15 miles
long, and 3 broad, Lon. 125° 20' E. Lat. 5'
25' N.
Serat, or Sertd, or Ssered, t. Hungary, on the
rirer Waag, 27 m. E. Presburg, 58 E. Vienna.
Seray, t. Hind, in Bahar, 11 m. N. Chuprah.
Lon. 84° 53' E. Lat, 25° 58' xN.
Seraya, t. Hind, on the right bank of the Jum-
nah, 42 m, S. E, Agra.
Seraya, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 m. S, Bettiah.
Lon, 84° 53' E, Lat, 26° 28' N.
Serbora. See Sherbro.
Serbori, Lake. See Dead Sea.
Sercelli. See Shershell.
Strchio, r. Italy, which runs into the Mediter-
ranean, 4 m. N, N. W, Pisa.
Serdao, (O,) t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S,
Sines, 30 W. N, W, Ourique.
Serdob, t, Russia, in Saratov, on the Donetz, 72
m. N, W, Saratov. Lon. 44" 64' E. Lat. 52"
30' N.
Serdobol, t, Russia, in Viborg, on the lake La-
doga, 60 m, N, N. E. Viborg. Lon. 30° 14' E, Lat.
61°45'N.
Serdze Kamen, cape on the N. E, coast of Rus-
sia, in the Frozen sea, Lon, 170° 25' E. Lat. 67°
3'N,
Serebrianka, gulf of Russia, on the W, coast of
Nova Zembla, Lon. 52° 14' E, Lat, 75° 25' N,
Sered, or Serf, t. Curdistan, on the Tigris, 75
m, S. E. Diarbekir, 280 N. N, W, Bagdad.
Seregippe. See Scrgipe.
Serena, (^La.") See Coquimbo.
Serene, small isl. in the Red sea. Lon, 39° 50'
E. Lat. 19° 30' N.
Serctkina, t, Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Angara,
24 m, E, S. E, Balaganskoi,
Seret, or Sereth. See Siret.
Serga, t. Russia, on the Volga, 40 m, S, .4stra-
cau,
Sergng, t, Russia, in Niznei Novgorod, 48 m.
S. E, Niznei Novgorod. Lon, 45° 20' E, Lat, 56°
50' N,
Sergiev, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Enisei, 72
m. N. Eniseisk,
Sergievsk, t. Russia, in Upha, 180 m. W, Upha,
Lon. 54° 44' E. Lat 54" N.
Sergines, t. France, in Yonne, 13 m. S, Provins,
9 N. Sens.
684
S K K
Sergipe, or Sergipe del Rey, t. Brazil, near the
coast of the Atlantic, on a river of the same name,
140 m. N. E. St Salvador. Lon. 38° 36' W. Lat.
11° 42' S.
Serignac, t. France, in Finisterrc, 10 m. N.
Carhaix, 10 S. Morlaix.
Serigni, seaport of Java, in the straits of Sunda.
Serigo. See Cerigo.
Serin, or Serain, r. France, which runs into the
Yonne, between Auxerre and Joiguy.
Serine, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, 44 m. S.
E. Saloniki.
Seringapatam, city, Hind. cap. of Mysore, on
an island in the Cauvery. In 1799, the British,
after a siege of a few days, toolc it by assault, with
military stores, treasure and jewels to the amount
of 1,143,216/. sterling. The fall of this city put
the whole kingdom of Mysore into the power of
the British. 215 m. W. S. W. Madras. Lon. 76°
48' E. Lat. 12° 33' N.
Seringham, isl. Hind, in the river Cauver, 4 m.
N. E. Tritchinopoli.
Serinpole, t. Africa, in Cayor, on the left bank
of the Senegal. Lon. 15° 50' W. Lat. 16° 50' N.
Serio, r. Italy, which runs into the Adda at Piz-
zighitone.
Serkeisk, t. Russia, in Kaluga, 44 m. W. S. W.
Kaluga. Lon. 34° 34' E. Lat. 54' 16' N.
Serkes. See Tserkesk.
Sermaises, t. France, in Loiret, 7 m. N. Pithi-
viers.
Sermatta, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 22 miles long,
and 6 broad. Lon. 129° 13' E. Lat. 8° 9' S.
Sermesok, isl. near the W. coast of West Green-
land. Lon. 47° 45' W. Lat. 61° 50' N.
Semitone, t. and castle, Italy, on a neck of land
running into Lake Garda, with a harbour. 16 m.
W. Verona.
Sermonetta, t. Popedom, on a mountain difficult
of access, 13 m. S. Veletri.
Serna, La, t. Spain, in Leon, 24 m. N. Palen-
cia.
Sermur, t. France, in Creuse, 6 m. S. S. W.
Auzance.
Sernanchella, t. Portugal, in Beira, 10m. S. S.
W. St. Joao de Pesquiera, 19 S. E. Lamego.
Scmetiy, t. Bengal, 30 m. E. S. E. Calcutta.
Sernst, t. Switz.in Glari?, 3 m. S. Glaris,
Seroglasorskaia, fort, Russia, in the government
of Caucasus, on the Volga, 24 m. N. W. Astra-
chan.
Seronge, t. Hind, in Malwah, 132 m. N. E. Ou-
gein, 192 S. Agra. Lon. 78° 4' E. Lat. 24° 5' N.
Serpa, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 12 m. S. W.
Mourao, 81 S. E. Lisbon.
Serpentara, small isl. near the E. coast of Sar-
dinia. Lon. 10° 2' E. Lat. 39" 18' N.
Serpho, ('an. Seriphus,) isl. in the Grecian arch-
ipelago, 36 miles in circumference. The moun-
tains are rugged and steep. Lon. 24° 34' E. Lat.
37° 10' N.
Serphant, v. Syria, supposed to be the ancient
Sarepta, 14 m. S. S. W. Said.
Serpuchov, t. Russia, in Moscow, 40 m. S. Mos-
cow. Lon. 37° 2' E. Lat. 55° N.
Serrae, t Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, the see
of a Greek archbishop, 36 m. E. N. E. Saloniki.
Serrain, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 40 m. S. W.
Mecca. Lon. 21° 5' N.
Serrana, or Pearl Island, small isl . in the Ca-
ribbean sea. Lon. 78° 50' W. Lat. 14° 50' N.
Serranilla Islands, cluster of small islands in
S E V
ihc bay of Honduras. Lon. 80° 10' W. Lat. 16"
10' N.
iserravalle, v. Tyi^olj 5 m. S. S. W. Roveredo.
Serracalle, t. Italy, 24 m. S. E. Mantua.
Serravalle, t. Austrian Italy, in the Trevisan.
It contains 30 churches, 2 monasteries, 2 nunne-
ries, and 5,000 inhabitants. 2 m. N. Ceneda.
Serres, t. France, in Higher Alps, 24 ra. W. S.
W. Gap, 18 N. N. W. Sisteron. Lon. 5° 8' E. Lat.
44° 26' N.
Serris, t. Hind, in Bahar, 15 m. S. E. Saseram.
Lon. 84° 26' E. Lat. 24" 51' N.
Sertam, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 24 m. N.
E. Thomar.
Serveretfe, t. France, in Lozere, 12 m. N. W.
Mende, 7 S. S. E. St. Chely d'Apcher.
Serug, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 12 m. S^
Ourfa.
Servia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by
Bosnia and Sclavonia, E. by Walachia and Bul-
garia, S. by Macedonia and Albania, and W. by
Bosnia and Dalmatia.
Servicres, t. France, in Correze, 13 m. S. E.
Tulle, 13 S. W. Mauriac.
Seseme Q,uian, r. Illinois, which runs into the
N. side of the Illinois, 190 m. above its mouth. It
is navigable for boats 60 miles.
Sesia, r. Italy, which rises in the Alps, and rum
into the Po, a little below Casal.
Seskar, small isl. in the N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23° 39' E. Lat. 65" 38' N.
Seskar, small isl. in the gulf of Finland. Loo.
28° 14' E. Lat. 59° 57' N.
Sestos, fort, Eu. Turkey, in Romania, opposite
Abydos, 24 m. S. S. W. Gallipoli. Lon. 26° 25' E.
Lat. 40° 6' N.
Sestos, r. which rises in tlie mountains of Sierra
Leone, and runs into the Atlantic, in lat. 5° 30' N.
Sestre-Kro, t. Africa, on the Grain Coast. Lon.
8°26' W. Lat. 5" 5' N.
Sestre, Grand, or Great Paris, t. Africa, on the
Grain coast. Lon. 8° 20' VV. Lat. 4° 16' N.
Se-icheou, city, China, of the fii-st i-ank, in Koei-
tcheou, 982 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 108° E.
Lat. 27° 10' N.
Set-ching, or Se-tchin, city, China, of the first
rank, in Quang-si, 1,100 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon.
105° 54° E. Lat. 24° 17' N.
Se-tchuen, province, China, bounded N. by
Chen-si, E. by Hou-quang, S. byKoei-tcheou,and
VV. by the kingdom of Thibet. The capital is
Tchin-tou.
Seteef, (an. Sitipha,) t. Africa, 50 m. S. W.
Constantina. Lon. 5° 36' E. Lat. 35° 58' N.
Setines. See Jlthens.
Setledge, See Sutelege.
Selte, t. Africa, and cap. of a country of the
same name, in Loango, on the river Sette, 160 m.
N. Loango.
Settia, t. island of Candia, anciently called
Cylhceum. It is the see of a bishop. 44 m. E. S.
E. Candia. Lon. 26° 3' E. Lat. 35° 3' N.
Settle, t. Eng. in York, ou the Ribble, 59 m. W.
York, 235 N. London. Lon. 2° 12' W. Lat. 54°
8'N.
Seluval, or St. Ubes, a strong seaport of Portu-
gal, in Estremadura, in a bay of the Atlantic, at
the mouth of the Sandao, with a good harbour and
considerable trade. 15 m. S. S. E. Lisbon. Lon.
8°53'E. Lat. 38° 29' N. Pop. 12,000.
Sevastopol, seaport, Russia, on the Black sea,
S E V
with an excellent harbour. 80 m. S. Pereltop.
I,on. 33° 24' E. Lat. 44° 45' N.
Seudre, r. France, which runs into the sea op-
posite the isle of Oleron, in Ion. 1° 5' W. lat. 45°
49' N.
Seve, t. France, in Seine and Oise, celebrated
for its manufacture of china, li posts S. W. Pa-
ris, 1 i N. E. Versailles.
Seven, r. Eng. in Yorkshire, which runs into the
Derwent.
Seven Brothers, small islands near the N. coast
ofHispaniola. Lon. 72° 35' W. Lat. 19° 53' N.
Seven Islands, islands N. of Spitzbergen. Lon.
20° VV. Lat. 80° 48' N.
Seteri Islands, small islands in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 105° 21' E. Lat. 1°9'S.
Seven Islands, small islands in the English
channel, near the coast of France. Lon. 3° 23' W.
Lat. 48° 54' N.
Seven Islands. See Ionian Islands.
Seven Islands, small islands near the coast of
Canada, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 66° 5'
W. Lat. 50" 10' N.
Seven Islands'* Bay, bay of Canada, on the N.
side of the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 66" 25' W.
Lat. 50° 5' N.
Seven Rocks^ Point, cape in the English chan-
nel, on the coast of Dorsetshire, 3 m. S. W. Lyme
Regis.
Sevenheads, rocks on the S. coast of Ireland, 7
m. S. W. the Old Head of Kinsale.
Sei^ennes, or Cevennes, mountains, France,
crossing the department of the Lozere, particu-
larly memorable as being the strong hold of the
Protestants in the 17th century.
Sevenoaks, t. Eng. in Kent, near the river Da-
rent, 7 m. N, W. Tunbridge, 23 S. E. London.
Lon. 0° 11' E. Lat. 31° 14' N.
Severac le Chateau, t. France, in Aveiron, 36
m. N. Lodeve, 21 E. Rhodez. Lon. 3° 9' E. Lat.
44° 19' N.
Severia, or Sietveirs, t. Austrian Poland, 4 m.
N. W. Cracow.
Severin, or Szoreny, t. Walachia, on the Dan-
ube, 6 m. W. Csernitz, 12 E. Orsova.
Severn, r. Eng. which rises in Montgomery-
t-hire. It passes by Shrewsbury, Bewdley, Wor-
cester, Tewkesbury, and Gloucester, and falls
into the Bristol Channel. A communication be-
tween this river and the Thames, the Trent, the
Dee, and the Mersey, and other rivers, has lately
been opened by different canals.
Severn, r. N. America, which rune into Hud-
son's bay. Lon. 88° W. Lat. 56" N.
Severn, r. Upper Canada, which runs from lake
Simcoe to lake Huron.
Severn, r. on the western shore of Md. which
passes by Annapolis, and falls into the Chesapeake
2 miles below.
Severndroog, seaport, Hind, in Concan, 68 m.
S. Bombay, 70 W. S. W. Poonali. Lon. 72° 50'
E. Lat. 17° 55' N.
Sevier, co. East Tennessee, on French broad
river. JPop. 4,595, including 294 slaves.
Sevierville, p-t. and cap. Sevier co. East Ten-
nessee, on a branch of French broad river, 30 m.
S. E. Knoxville.
Seville, or Sevilla, province, Spain, bounded N.
by Estremadura and Cordova, E. by Grenada, S.
by the straits of Gibraltar and the Atlantic, and
W. by the Atlantic and Portugal.
Seville, (an. Hispalis,) city, Spain, cap. of a
province, and in the time of the Moors, of a king-
S E Y
685
dom ; the see of an archbishop. It is on the Gua-
dalquivir. The Gothic kings resided here before
they removed their court to Toledo. Ferdinand,
the third king of Castile, after a year's siege,
forced Seville to open its gates to him ; at this
time it is said to have contained 600,000 inhabit-
ants. 300,000 Moors left the city upon the ca-
pitulation, yet it still enjoyed the rank of one of
the most considerable cities in Spain. Its most
brilliant epocha was after the discovery of Ameri-
ca, when all the new found treasures were
brought hither, and merchants from all parts
came to open houses of commerce ; but in the
course of a few years it fell from the highest
pitch of grandeur to solitude and poverty, by the
danger and embarrassments in the navigation of
the Guadalquivir. The superior excellence of
the port of Cadiz caused it to decline. Seville is
in a vast plain, of a circular form, and surround-
ed with walls, flanked with towers. It contains
29 parish churches, 77 convents, 24 hospitals, 24
squares, and an university. The cathedral is
the largest Gothic building in Spain; and by
some supposed to be the largoet church in the
world, next to St. Peter's at Rome. The royal
palace, called Alcacai', stands near the cathe-
dral, and is very spacious. Lon. 6° 8' W. Lat.
37°12'N. Pop. 80,268.
Severe Mortoise, r. France, which runs into the
sea, 7 m. W. Marance.
Sever, or Sevre Kantoise, r. France, which runs
into the sea opposite Nantes.
Severs, (Two,) department, France, bounded
N. by Maine and Loire, E. by Vienne, S. by Cha-
rente and Lower Charente, and W. by Vendee ;
Niort is the capital.
Sevrihisar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, at the
conflux of the Sevri and Sakaria. 60 m. W. An-
gura, 30 S. Boli. Lon. 32° 2' E. Lat. 39° 53' N.
Geurre, t. France, in Cote d'0r,21 m. S. Dijon,
6 S. St. Jean de Losne. Lon. 5° 12' E. Lat. 46"
58' N.
Sevsk, t. Russia, in Orel, on the Sev. 56 m. S.
W. Orel. Lon. 34° 44' E. Lat. 52° 15' N.
Scwa Bay. See Boni Bay.
Sm-ad, province of Candahar, on the VV. side
of the Indus.
Seican, or AlUgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar, 32 m.
N. N. W. Chuprah. Lon. 84° 32' E. Lat. 26°
11' N.
Sewee Bay, or BulVs Harbor, on the coast of
S. C. between cape Roman and Charleston har-
bor.
Seu-ickly, r. Pa. which runs into the Youghiog-
any, 9 miles above its junction with the Mononga-
hela.
Seicickly, JVew, t Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 878.
Sewickly, North, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,323.
Sexton'' s River, r. Vt. which runs into the Con-
necticut, 1 m. below Bellows Falls.
Seychelles, isl. in the Indian ocean, N. E. of
Madagascar, 72 miles in circumference. Lon. 55°
35' E. Lat. 4° 34' S.
Seyde. See Saide.
Seydeivitz, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe
near Pirna.
Seyer Oi, isl. of Denmark, in the Cattegal,
about 8 miles long, and hardly one broad, 5 m.
from Zealand. Lon. 11° 11' E. Lat. 55° 53 N.
Seylone, t. Hindostan, in Oude, 15 m. S. E. Ba-
relly.
Scyman, isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 57° 30' E.
Lat. 15° 20' N.
686
S H A
Seymore, i. Northumberland co. Upper Canada,
ou 1 rent river, W. of Kingston.
iSeyssd, t. France, in Ain, on the Rhone, 15 m.
E. St. Rambert, 13 N. Belley.
Sezanne, t. France, in Marne, 30m. S. W. Cha-
lons sur Marne. Lon. 3° 48' E. Lat. 48" 42' N.
Sezulfe, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 7 m.
N. E. Mirandela.
Sezza, t. Popedom, 35 ra. E. S. E. Rome.
Sezza, t. Naples, 29 m. N. N. W. Naples, 72 S.
E. Rome. Lon. 13° 34' E. Lat. 41" 19' N.
Sfax, or El Sfakusse, t. Tunis, 45 m. S. S. E.
Gairoan. Lon. 10" 56' E. Lat. 34° 49' N.
Sgigala, or Slora, (an. Rusicada,) t. Algiers,
near the Mediterranean, 30 m. W. Bona. Lon.
6" 40' E. Lat. 36° 48' N.
Sgigatchee, or Shigatchee Jeung, t. Thibet, 130
m. W. S. W. Lassa. Lon. 88° 52' E. Lat. 29°
5'N.
Shaalbon, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe
of Dan.
Shab, t. Africa, in Nubia, 400 m. S. S. W.
Cairo. Lon. 30° 30' E. Lat. 23° 35' N.
Shabak, seaport of Nubia, in the Red sea. Lat.
18° 56' N.
Shabur, t. Egypt, on the W. branch of the Nile,
50 m. N. N. W. Cairo, 48 S. E. Alexandria. Lon.
31° E. Lat. 30° 47' N.
Shackleford, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va.
Shade, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 m.
S. of the Hockhocking.
Shaduan, small isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 33°
68' E. Lat. 27° 28' N.
Shafleibury, or Shaston, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire.
It is a borough town, and sends two members to
parliament. 28 m. N. E. Dorchester, 102 W. S.
W. London. Lon. 2" 2ff W. Lat. 51° 2' N. Fop.
2,633.
Shaftsbury, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 6 m. N.
Bennington. Pop. 1,973. Here is an academy.
Shagr, t. Syria, in Aleppo, 140 m. N. Damas-
cus, 40 W. Aleppo. Lon. 36° 25' E. Lat. 35°
45' N.
Shahabad, t. Hind, in Oude, 45 m. W. Kaira-
bad. Lon. 80° 20' E. Lat. 27" 40' N.
Shahjehanpour, t. Hind, in Malwah, 20 m. N. E.
Ougein, 196 S. Agimere, Lon. 76° 18' E. Lat. 23°
26' N.
Shahjehanpour, t. Hind, in Oude, 30 m. S. E.
Fyzabad. Lon. 82° 40' E. Lat. 26° 26' N.
Shahjehanpour t. Hind, in Bahar, 14 m.S. S. E.
Patna. Lon. 85° 30' E. Lat. 25° 24' N.
Shahjole, circar of Bengal, bounded N. by Rau-
jeshy, E. by Mahmudshy, S. by Jessore, and W.
by Kishenagur, about 30 miles long, and from 5
to 10 broad.
Shaigi, t. Nubia, on an island in the Nile, 130
m. E. Dongala. Lon. 50" 45' E. Lat. 20° 20' N.
Shaima, t Persia, in Mecran, on the sea coast,
200 m. W.S. W.Kidge.
Shaisar, t. Syria, in Damascus, on the Oron-
tes, 20 m. N. Hamah.
Shakerstown, t. Mercer co. Ken. Pop. 298.
Shakertown, t. Knox co. Indiana, on the Wa-
bash, 18 m. above Vincennes. It is settled by the
Shakers, and consists of 8 or 10 large log-houses,
containing 200 inhabitants, who live together in 4
families.
Shakespeare Cliff, or High Cliff, lofty clifT on
the E. coast of Eng. in Kent, 4 m. S. Dover.
Shalberis, circar of Hind, bounded N. by Gora-
got and Bettoor.'ah, E. and S. by Bettooriah, and
W. by Bettooriah and Diuagepoar; about 18
S H A
miles from N. to S. and nearly the same from E.
to W. Carree is the chief town.
Shalem, in Sac. Geog. See Jerusalem.
Shalersville, t. Portage co. Ohio, 3 m. N. Ra-
venna.
Sham, El. See Damascus.
Shambles, or Shingles, bank of sand in the Eng-
lish channel, near the coast of Dorsetshire, 4 m.
E. by S. Portland Bill, with 14 feet at low water.
Shamburg, t. Washington co. Mississippi.
Shamokin, r. Pa. which runs into the Susqua-
hannah, 1 m. below Sunbury.
Shandaken, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. 15 m. W.
Kingston. Pop. 1,002.
Shaiiesville, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Shannon, r. Ireland, which rises from Lough
Clean, and after a course of 150 miles, runs into
the Atlantic, betv/sen Kerry Head and Lean Cape.
Shunk^s Island^ isl. in the Pacific ocean, about
15 miles from E. to W. and 18 from N. to S. Lon.
163° E. Lat. 28° S.
Shap, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 16 m. N. Ken-
dal, 273 N. London.
Shapinsha, one of the Orkney islands, 6 miles
long, a little N. of the E. part of Pomona. Lon. 2°
44' W. Lat. 58° 55' N. Pop. 744.
Shapleigh, p-t. York co. Maine, 33 m. N. W.
York. Pop. 2,362.
Shapoota Hills, mountainous ridge, Hind, be-
tween the Nerbuddah and Taptee, 60 m. E. Su-
ral.
Shaps, isl. in the Chesapeake, 27 m. S. S. E.
Annapolis. Lon. 76° 25' W. Lat. 38° 46' N.
Sharm el Kiman, harbour in the Red sea, on
the coast of Eg>'pt. Lat. 24° 44' N.
Sharmak, seaport, Africa, on the Gold coast, 13
m. W. Commeudo.
Sharon, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 33 m. S. Con-
cord. Pop. 446.
Sharon, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 22 m. N. Windsor.
Pop. 1,363.
Sharon, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. S. Dedham,
17 S. W. Boston. Fop. 1,000.
Sharon, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the W. side
of tiie Housatonnuc, 47 m. W. Hartford. Fop.
2,606. It contains an academy. The village is
pleasantly built, and consists of 50 or 60 houses,
with 2 churches.
Sharon, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 16 m. W. Scho-
harie, 45 from Albany. Pop. 3,751.
Sharon, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Sharon, t Portage co. Ohio, 8 m. N. E. Raven-
na. Pop. in 1815, .300.
Sharon, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 9 m. N. Colum-
bus. Fop. in 1819, 1,060.
Sharpsbiirg, p-t. Washington co. Md. 2 m. from
the Potomac, 9 N. N. W. Williamsport. It con-
tains a church, and 250 houses.
Skarpsbnrg, t. Haaiilton co. Ohio.
Sharptown, p-t. Salem co. N. J.
Skat ul Arab, t. formed by the united streams
of tlie I'igris and Euphrates, near Corna, which
empties itself into the Persian gulf.
Shavoya, province of Morocco, to the S. of Fez,
andW.ofTedla.
Shaur, small isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 34" 58' E.
Lat. 27° 20' N.
Shawns Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
at the entrance of Cook's Inlet. Lon. 207° 16' E.
Lat. 59° N.
Shawanese, t. Kent co. Upper Canada, on St.
Clair river.
Shawangunk, p-t Ulster co. N, Y. 17 m. W.
SHE
SHE
687
Nevpburgh, 26 S. \V. Kingston. Pop. 3,062. It
contains '2 churches for Dutch Reformed.
Shau'gunge, t. Hind, in Oiide, on the left bank
of Dewah, opposite Fyzabad,
Shaicmgunge, t, Bengal, 18 m. W. Rungpour.
Lcn. 88" 46' E. Lat. 25° 27' N.
Shawnawas, t. Hiad. in Moultan, 70 m. N. E.
MoaUaji. Lou. 77° 38' E. L;.t. 30° 40'N.
Sfiatmuetoun, p-t. Gallatin co. Illinois, on the
N. bank of the Ohio, 12 m. below the mouth of the
Wabash, 12 S. of the salt works belong ng to the
U. States, on Saline creek. L-.d. ST 61' N. It
contains a bank, land office, and printing office.
The inhabitants are supported princnally by the
profits of the salt trade.
Shawpour, t. Bengal, 30 m. S. Calcutta. Lon.
83^' .26^ E. Lat. 22" 5' N.
Shawpour, t. Hind, in Surgooja, 135 m. S. S. E.
Allahabad. Lon. 83° 25' E. Lat. 23° 35' N.
Shau'shesn, r. Mass. which runs into the Mer-
rimack in Andover.
iShayihar, (aa. Larissa,) t. Syria, on the Oron-
tes, 10 m. N. Hamah.
Shazadubxd, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the right
baiiKofthe Ganges, 5 m. S. E. Carrah, SON. W.
Allahabad. Lon. 81° 41' E. Lat. 25" 42' N.
iihazadvour, t. Hind, in Bengal, 25 m. S. E.
Nattore. Lon. 89° 43' E. Lat. 24° 12' N.
Shearpour, t. Bengal, on the Burhampootra, 82
N. N. W Dacca. Lon. 89° 55' E. Lat. 24° 53' N.
Shtd'.ac, harbour on the N. E. coast of New-
Bruiiswick, about 30 m. N. E. Bay de Verte, at
the S. L. extremity of the province.
Sheduan, isl. in the Red sea, 9 miles long, and
6 broad. Lat. 27° 34' N.
Slieep Island, small isl. near the coast of Wales.
Lon. 5" 9' W. Lat. 51° 38' N.
Sheep Island, isl. near the N. coast of Ireland,
6 m. W. N. W. Fairhead. Lon. 6° 11' W. Lat.
55° 15' N.
Skeepscot, r. Lincoln co. Maine, which flows
into the Atlantic, E. of Kennebeck river. It is
navigable 20 miles.
Sheepliaven, bay on the N. coastof Ireland. Lon.
7" 45' W. Lat. 55" 12' N.
Sheepsheud, cape on the S. coast of Ireland, be-
tween Bantry Bay and Dunmannus bay. Lon. 9°
45' W. Lat. 51° 29' N.
Sheepshead, t. England, in Leicestershire, 5 m.
W. Loughborough.
Sheergoity, t. Hind, in Bahar, 68 m. S. S. W.
Patna. Lon 84° 56' E. Lat. 24" 30' N.
Skeergur, t. Hind, in Malwa, 30 m. N. W. Ra-
fCoogur, 108 i\. N. E. Ougein. Lon. 77° E. Lat.
i!4°40'iN.
Sheerncss, t. England, in Kent, at the N. point
of Sheppey island, where the Medway joins the
Thames. It is regularly fortified. Here is a
yard for building ships, with a dock for repairing
irigates. 3 m. N. Queenborough. Lon. 0° 15' E.
l-at. 51°26'?J. Pop. 4,422.
^heerpour, t. Hind, in Bahar, 43 m. S. S. W.
j'atna. Lon. 85° 10' E. Lat. 24° 55' N.
Shrjfldd, t. England, in Yorkshire. It has been
noted lor several hundred years for cutlers' and
smith's manufactures, particularly for files, and
irnives, or whittles; for the last of which, espe-
< ially, it has been a staple for above 300 years.
3 fere are about 600 master cutlers, who employ
aot less than 40,000 persons in the iron manufac-
tures. By means of the river Don, which is nav-
igable within 2 or 3 miles of the town, it receives
iron from Hull, and conveys thither its manufac-
tures for exportation to America and the West
Indies, as well as various parts of Europe. Its
zicigiibourhood abounds with coal. There are
also at Sheffield lead works, and a silk mill. The
Sheffield manufactures extend several miles over
the country. 31 m. S. Leeds, 131 jN. London.
Lon, 1° 3.^' W. Lat. 53' 35' N. Pop. 35,480.
Sheffield- t. Suubury co. New Brunswick, on the
E. side of the river St. John.
Sheffield-, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 35 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 388.
Sheffield, p-t Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. Le-
nox, 30 S. E Hudson, N. Y. 125 W. Boston. Pop.
2,439. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, which
affords good mill seats. Here is a quarry of mar-
ble of a superior quality.
Shefford, t. Eng. in Bedford co. near the Ouse,
9 m. S.S. E. Bedford, 41 N. N. W. London. Lon.
0"19' W. Lat. 52° 3' N.
Shefford, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal. Pop. 500.
Shehoun, t. Syria, anciently called Cappareas,
18 m. N. Hamah.
Shehrban, or Sherehan, t. Arabian Irak, on the
Diala, 50 m. N. Bagdad, 150 S. S. E. Morul. Lon.
44° 5' E. Lat. 34" 8' N.
Sheikpour, t. Hind, in Bahar, 18 m. E. Bahar,
Lon. 86" 3' E. Lat. 25° 9' N.
Shek Abdalla, v. Syria, 20 m. S. E. Aleppo.
Shek Eredi, or Haradi, t. Egypt, on the E. side
of the Nile, 8 m, N. N. E. Achmim.
■ Shekoabad, t. Hind, in Dooab, 60 m. W. Ca-
noge, 30 E. Agra. Lon. 79" 2' E. Lat. 27° 9' N.
Shelan, t. PersJ-?, in Farsistan, near the Persian
gulf, 75 m. S. S. \V. Jarom.
Shelburn, or Port Rosev-ay, seaport. Nova Sco-
tia, on the S.E. coast, 90 m. S. W. Halifax. Lon.
63" 15' W. Lat. 43° 50' N.
Shelburne, t. Coos co. N. H. 78 m. N. Conconf.
Pop. 176.
Shelburne, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on lake
Champlain, 7 ra. S. Burlington. Pop. 987.
Shelburne, t. Franklin co. Mass. 4 m. W. Green-
field. Pop. 961.
Shelby, co. Alabama, on the Coosa.
Shelby, co. in the N. part of Ken. Pop. 14,778,
including 3,114 slaves.
Shelby, p-t. Bath co. Ken.
Shdby, CO. Ohio, on the Miami.
Shelbyville, p-t. and cap. Bedford co. West Ten-
nessee, on Duck river, 50 m. S. S- E. Nashville.
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and printing-
office.
Shelbyville, p-t. and cap. Shelby co. Ken. on
Brashan's creek, 12 m. above its junction with
Salt river, 22 m. W. Frankfort, 30 E. Louisville.
It contained in 1819, a brick court-house and jaiJ,
a printing-office, an academy, 2 churches, 175
dwelling-houses, and 1,250 inhabitants.
Sheldon, formerly Ihmgerford, p-t. Franklin co.
Vt. oil Missisqne river, 32 m. N. Burlington. Poii.
883.
Sheldon, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. W. Ba-
tavia, 270 W. Albany. Pop. 1,415.
Shele, r. Eng. in Northumberland, which runs
into the Tyne, near its head.
Shelford, t. Eng. in Bedford, 9 m. S. Bedford, 41
N. London.
Shell Island, small isl. near the coast of North
Carolina, in Pamlico sound. Lon. 76° 30' W. Lat.
34"50'N.
Shell Key, small isl. in thegulf of Mexico. Lon.
89" 15' W. Lat. 29" 48' N.
688
SHE
S H I
Sheila, t. Africa, in Morocco, 4 m. E. Salee.
Shellack Point, cape, Eng. on the Isle of Man,
forming the N. part of Ramsay bay.
Shelldrake River, r. Canada, which runs into
the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 64° 50' W. Lat.
50° 30' N.
Shelldrake, r. Michigan Territory, which run?
into lake Superior, 24 m. W. Point Iroquois.
Shellijf, r. Africa, the most considerable river of
Algiers, which rises in Sahara, and runs into the
Mediterranean, in Ion. 0° 24' E. lat. 36° 10' N.
Shellness, cape, at the E. end of the island of
Sheppey. Lon. 0" 50' E. Lat. 51" 22' N.
Shelter Island, isl. off the E. end of Long Isl-
and, N. Y. 100 m. E. New York. Shelter island
constitutes a town, and belongs to Suffolk county.
Pop. 329; in 1820, 391.
Shelionborough, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Shelton' s store, p-v. Goochland co. Va,
Shenandoah, r. Va. which rises in Augusta co.
and after running a N. E. course of about 200
miles, joins the Potomac, in lat. 38° 4' N. just be-
fore the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. It
is composed of four branches, South, Middle,
North, and Shenandoah rivers. It is navigable
about 100 miles, and traverses the richest part of
the State,
Shenandoah, co. V^a. inclosed by Frederick,
Culpeper, Madison, Rockingham, and Hardy
counties. Pop. 13,646, including 1,038 slaves.
Chief town, Woodstock.
Shenandoah fork, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Shenango, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 679.
Shenango, L Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 727.
Shenango, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 634.
Shenevas creek, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs
into the E. side of the Susquehannah.
Shenley, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. Quebec.
Shepaug, r. Ct. which runs into the Housaton-
nuc, in Southbury.
Shepham, in Sac. Geog. a place in the E. part of
the tribe of Judah.
Shephard''s Islands, small islands of the New
Hebrides. Lon. 168° 40' E. Lat. 17° S.
Shepherdstown, p-t. Jefferson co, Va. on the S.
side of the Potomac. Its situation is healthy and
agreeable, and the neighbouring country is fertile
and well cultivated. Pop. in 1800, 1,033, mostly
of German descent. 10 m. E. by S. Martinsville,
73 from Washington.
Shepherdstown, v. Belmont co. Ohio.
Shepherdsville, p-t. Bullet co. Ken. on Salt river,
5 m. from Bairdstown. Pop. 100.
Sheppey, isl. Eng. in Kent, formed by the
Thames, which passes on the N. and the Medway
which bounds it on the W. by the main stream,
and on the S. by the East Swale. It is 21 miles in
compass, and yields plenty of corn, but is in want
oi wood,
Shepten Mallet, t. Eng. in Somerset co. consid-
erable for its manufactures of woollen cloth, in
which about 4,000 hands are daily employed ; 5
m. E. Wells, 114 W. London. Lon. 2° 35' W.
Lat. 51" 10^ N. Pop. 4,638.
Sheravend, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on the the Cas-
pian sea, 20 m. S. Astara.
Sherbom, t. England, in Yorkshire, at the con-
flux of the Werk and the Ouse, 16 m. S. York, 181
N. London. Lon. 1° 10' W. Lat. 54° N.
Sherborn, t. England, in Dorsetshire, 18 m. N.
N. W. Dorchester, 118 W. S. W. London. Lon.
2" 41' W. Lat. 50° 58' N. Pop. 3.370. "
Sherbro, isl. on the coast of W. Africa, 22 miles
long by 12 broad, in about lat. 7° N. a little S. of
Sierra Leone, It is flat and sandy, but covered
with a luxuriant growth of trees, and produces
rice, corn, yams, sweet potatoes, cocoa nuts, or-
anges, with coffee, indigo, and cotton. It lie*
about 7 miles from the main, and forms with it a
bay or sound oi the same name. The banks of
the bay are low, and some places are occasionally
overflowed by the tide.
Sherburne, formerly Killington, t. Rutland co.
Vt. 22 m. W. S. W. Windsor. Pop. 116. Kil-
lington peak, in this town, is one of the highest
summits of tlie Green mountains.
Sherburne, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 20 m. S. W.
Boston. Pop. 770.
Sherburne. See JVanluclceL
Sherburne, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. on Chenango
river, 11 m. N. Norwich, 98 W. Albany, 33 S. W.
Utica. Pop. 2,428. It contains 2 churches for
Congregationalists, a printing-oflice, and nume-
rous mills and manufactures.
Sherburne mills, p-v. Fleming co. Ken.
Sheret, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, 30 m. S. W.
Trebisond.
Sherezur, or Shehrsour, or Scherezur, t. Kur-
distan, 150 m. N. Bagdad, 370 E. S. E. Diarbekir.
Lon. 44" 25' E. Lat. 35° 46' N.
Sheril, t. A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu-
phrates, 20 m, E, Anah.
Sheriffmuir, or Sheriff Moor, plain of Scotland,,
near the Grampian mountains, in Perthshire.
Sherilla, t. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 6" 25' W.
Lat' 14° 29' N.
Sher^nan, t. Fairfield co. Ct 60 m. S. W. Hart-
ford. Pop. 949.
Sherrard''s store, p-v. Hampshire co. Va.
Sherrington, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Canada,
25 m. S. Montreal.
Shershell, t Africa, in Algiers, supposed to be
the ancient Jol, or Casarea. In 1730, it was en-
tirely thrown down by an earthquake. The ru-
ins upon which this town was situated, are not
inferior in extent to those of Carthage. Lon. T
30' E. Lat 36° 35' N.
Sheshequin, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa.
Shetland Islands, a collection of islands in the
Atlantic ocean, to the N. of Scotland. They are
reckoned to be 46 in number, besides 40 smaller
called Holms. Only one, called Shetland, or Main-
land, is of any considerable size. They are in
general rocky and barren, and many of them with-
out inhabitants. Shetland, the principal island,
is about 70 miles long, and has some safe and com-
modious harbors, capable of receiving vessels of
the largest size. Lerwick is the capital. The
other chief islands arc Bressay, Wallsey, Yell,
Fitlar, and Unst. In 1801, the population of the
Shetland islands was 22,379, chiefly employed in
agriculture and fishing. Lon. )° 43' to 2° 13' W.
Lat, 59° 45° to 61" 10' N.
Shetucket, r. Ct. which is formed by the union
of Willomantic and Mount Hope rivers. It run?
S. E. and after receiving the Quinebaug, joins
Norwich river to form the Thames.
Shevagunga, t. Hind, in Mysore, 25 m. N. W.
Bangalore, 40 N. Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 13' E.
Lat 13° 6' N.
Shiant Islands, small islands, among the West-
ern islands of Scotland, 6 m. from the S. E. coast
of Lewis. Lon. 6° 20' W. Lat. 57° 53' N.
Shibkah, an extensive salt pkin of Algiers, 10
TO. S. Oran.
S H
S tt R
669
ISJiiflds, Nortfif t. Eng. in Northumberland, on
the N. side of the Tyne. Upwards of 400 vessels
are loaded annually at this port. 7 m. E. N. E.
Newcastle, 279 N. London. Lou. 1" 23' W. Lat.
55° 6' N. Pop. 7,699.
Shields, Soul/i, of Shields, v. Eug. in Durham,
on the S. side of the Tyne. Though only a vil-
lage, it is very populous, and participates in the
trade of Newcastle. At this place, also, are ma-
ny ships built It is famous for its salt-works. Lon.
1° 24' W. Lat. 55" 4' N. Pop. 9,000.
Shieldsborough, t. Hancock oo. Mississippi, on
the bay of St. Louis, 40 m. N. E. New Orleans.
The bay is navigable for vessels drawing 7 feet
water. Shieldsborough is a pleasant and healthy
place, and is much resorted to by the citizens ol
New Orleans during the hot months. Here is an
incorporated college.
Shijfnal, t. Eng. in Salop, 17 m. E. Shrewsbury,
136 N. W. London. Lon. 2" 24' W. Lat. 52° 43' N.
Shihon, in Sac. Gcog. city, Palestine, in the
tribe of Issachar, near the foot of Mount Tabor.
Shillay, small isl. near the W. coast of the island
of Lewis, 5 m. W. S. W. Toe Head. Lon. 7° 14'
W. Lat 54° 48' N.
Shiihik, t. Africa, in Sennaar, on the Bahr el
Abiad, 50 m. W. Sennaar.
Sfiiloah, in Sac. Geog. See GiJion.
Skilofi, in Sac. Geog, city of Palestine, in the
tribe of Ephraim, 10 m. S. Shechem, 25 N. Jeru-
salem. It was the place of the Tabernacle for
more tlian 300 years.
Shimuskir, one of the Kurile islands, in the
Pacific ocean, 52 miles long and 12 broad. Lon.
152" to 153° E. Lat. 63° 20' to 54° 10' N.
Shinar, in Sac. Geog. a province of Babylon.
SItingUs. See Shambles,
Shingle Shoal, shoal in the English channel,
near the coast of Hampshire. Lon. 1° 26' W.
Lat. 50° 38' N.
Ship Cvtc, cove in Queen Charlotte's sound, in
the S. island of New Zealand. It is not inferior
to any in the sound, either for convenience or
safety. Lon. 175° 6' E. Lat. 41° 10' S.
Ship Island, is}, in the gulf of Mexico, near
die coast of Florida. Lon. 88" 48' W. Lat. 30°
5'N.
Ship Point, cape on the coast of North Caro-
lina. Lon. 76° 30' W. Lat 35° 59' N.
Shipley, t. England, in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. Brad-
ford.
Sfiippensbiirg, p-L and borough, Cumberland
CO. Pa. on a branch of Copedogwinit. It contains
about 200 houses chiefly built of stone, and three
churches, 1 each for Seceders, Germans, and
Methodists. Pop. 1,159. 21 m. N. by E. Cham-
bersburg, HOW. Pliiladelphia.
Shippigan Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Law-
rence, on the S. side of Chaleur bay.
Shippingporlf t. Jefferson co. Kentucky, on the
Ohio, 2 miles below Louisville, at the foot of the
rapids, on a beautiful plain. It is the natural
harbor and landing place for all vessels ascending
the Ohio. During three-fourths of the year they
of necessity stop here, which they can do with
perfect safety, as there is a basin immediately iu
front of the town, capable of containing any num-
ber of vessels, of any burden. The town is regu-
larly laid out and rapidly improving. Here are
a ship-yard, rope-walk, and an extensive flour-
mill. Pop. in 1819, 600.
Shipton., i. Buckin2:ham CO. Lower Canada, on
87
the river St. Francis, 48 m. S. by E. Three Rivera.
Pop. 1,000.
Shipton upon Siour, t. Eng. in Worcester, on
the Stour, 1 1 m. S. S. E. Stratford upon Avon, 83
N. W. London. Lon. 1° 30' W. Lat. 52° 5' N.
Shircoate, t. England, in Yorkshire, 1 m. S.
Halifax.
Shirink, one of the Kurile islands. Lon. 138°
3' E. Lat. 50" 40' N.
Shirley, p-t Middlesex co. Mass. 41 m. W. N.
W.Boston, Pop. 814.
Shirley, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 862.
Shirleysburg, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa.
Shiran, or Schiron, t. Thibet, 120 m. N. Cat-
mandu. Lon. 85° 5' E. Lat. 30° 10' N.
Shiver'' s mills, p-v. Warren co. Geo.
Shiumla, t. Bulgaria, 62 m. E. Varna. Lon.
26° 27' E. Lat. 43° 10' N.
Shizar, t. Syria, in Aleppo, 15 m. S. E. Famieh.
Shoal creek, r. Illinois, which runs into Kaskas-
kias river on the N. It is navigable for boats 30
miles.
Shoalness, alow cape on the W. coast of North
America. Lon, 198" 12' E. Lat 60" N.
Shoal Inlet, channel between two small islands,
on the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 77° 58' W.
Lat. 34° 6' N.
Shoals, hies of. See Isles of Shoals.
Shoalwater Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 124° 10' W. Lat 46° 50' N.
Shoccoe springs, in Warren co. N. C. much re-
sorted to for the mineral waters. Here is an
academy.
Shoe, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Waygoo. Lon. 130" 53' E. Lat. 0" 1' S.
Shoebury Mis, cape, England, on the S. coast
of Essex, at the mouth of the Thames, 5 m. N.E.
theNore. Lon. 0"45'E. Lat 51" 32' N.
Shoggle, or Choug, t, Syria, on the Orontes, 20
m. S. E, Antioch.
Sho!cet, t. Syria, in Damascus, on the Orontes^
22 m. S. Antakia, 140 N. Damascus.
Shooting Point, cape, Scotland, on the S. coast
of Fifeshire.
Shophan, in Sac. Geog. city of Palestine, in the
tribe of Gad, a little E. of the sea of Tiberias,
Shore of Muchul, cape, Scotland, on the east
coast of Kincardine, 3 m, N, Stonehaven.
Shoreham, J^ew, seaport, Eng, in Sussex, on the
sea coast, with a haven into which vessels can en-
ter with the tide. The sands of this harbor are
frequently shifting. It sends two members to par-
liament The chief trade is ship-building. 10
m, W, Brighthelmstone, 56 S, London. Lon. 0°
16' W. Lat. 50" 50' N. Pop. 799.
Shoreham, p-t Addison co. Vt on lake Cham-
plain, 49 m, S. Burlington. Pop. 2,033. Here is
an academy,
Shorehaven, seaport on the S, coast of the island
of Stromoe. Lon. 11° 7' E. Lat 61° 40' N.
Short creek, t. Harrison co, Ohio, 4 m, E, Cadia.
Shott, a large valley or plain, Africa, in the
country of Sahara, on the borders of Algiers, 50
miles long and about 12 broad, 100 m, S. W. Con-
stantina.
Shoulder'' s hiU, p-v. Nansemond co. Va.
Shoumshu, one of the Kurile islands, in the Pa-
cific ocean, 44 miles long and 20 broad. Lon. 156°
14' E. Lat 51" 15' to 52" N.
Showoor, t. Hind, in Mysore, 15 m. S. Sattimun-
gulam, 20 E. Vellady,
Shrewsbury, t England, and capittd of Shrop-
690
S I A
shire, on the rircr Severn, originally built by the
Britons in the sixth century. Every Thursday is
the market for Welch cottons, friezes, and flannels,
of which here are sold as much as come to l,0O0i.
a week. About 20 vessels are constantly em-
ployed on the river Severn, between Shrewsbury,
Gloucester, and Bristol. 41 m. S. Chester, 160 N.
W. London. Lon. 2° 49' W. Lat 52" 44' N. Pop.
16,606.
Shrewsbury, p-t. Rutland co. Vt 22 m. W.
Windsor. Pop. 990.
Shrewsbury, p-t Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. E.
Worcester, 38 W. Boston. Pc^. 1,210.
Shrewsbury, p-t. Monmouth co. N. J. on the sea
coast It is separated from Middletown by North
river, which is navigable a few miles, 15 m. N. E.
by E. Monmouth court-house, 14 S. E. Middle-
town point, 79 E. N.E.Philadelphia. Pop. 3,773.
It contains 3 churches, 1 each for Episcopalians,
Presbyterians, and Quakers. Much genteel com-
pany resort here from Philadelphia and New
York during the summer.
Shrewsbury, p-t. York co. Pa. Fop. 1,792.
Shrewsbury, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 294.
Shrewsbury, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va.
Shrapshire, or Salop, co. England, bounded N.
by Flintshire and Cheshire, E. by Staffordshire, S.
by Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Radnor-
ihire, and W. by Montgomeryshire and Denbigh-
shire. Pop. 194,298.
Shuarif, small isl. in the Red sea, near the coast
of Africa. Lat 24° 22' N.
Shuna, small isl. near the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5° 33' W. Lat 56° 13' N.
Shunem, in Sac, Geog. city of Palestine, in the
tribe of Issachar, 5 m. S. Mount Tabor.
Shupare, t. Candahar, 45 m. N. Attock.
Shur, in Sac. Geog. t. on the borders of Egypt
and Palestine, which gave name to the wilder-
ness around it.
Shushan, in Sac. Geog. See Tostar.
Shutesbury, t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. S. E.
Greenfield, 90 W.N. W.Boston. Pop. 939. Here
is a medicinal spring.
Sial, small isL near the coast of Egypt, which
forms a harbor in the Red sea. Lon. 33° 2' E. Lat.
24°30'N.
Swm, country, Asia, bounded N. by Ava, E. by
Cambodia and Laos, S. by the gulf of Siam and
Malacca, and W. by the bay of Bengal ; about
800 mUes from N. to S. and 200 to 350 broad. The
kingdom of Siam is divided into Upper and Low-
er. It is in most places covered with woods. The
most profitable trees are those which produce
cotton, oil, and varnish. Their varnish is very
good. Siam is at present inhabited chiefly along
the rivers. The population has been variously
estimated from 2,000,000 to 8,000,000. The re-
ligion of Siam is nearly the same with that of Laos.
The kings are perfectly despotic. Juthia or Siam
is the capital.
Siam. See Juthia.
Siam, Gulf of, a large bay of the E. Indian sea,
between Cambodia and the peninsula of Malacca,
Siam being to the N.
Siang-yang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, on the river Han, 530 m. S. S. W.
Peking. Lon. 111° 39' E. Lat. 32° 5' N.
Siao, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 30 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 125° 5' E. Lat, 2° 44' N.
Siara, or Seara, t Brazil, and capital of a dis-
trict, so called from a river of the same name
which runs into the ocean, in lat 3° 30' S. The
S I c
town and its trade are not considerable. Lon. 3S*
46' W. Lat 3° 15' S.
Siarman, i, Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Cas-
pian sea, 12 m. E. S. E. Fehrabad.
Sias, r. Russia, which runs into lake Ladoga,
near Siaskoi.
Siaskoi, t Russia, in Petersburg, near lake La-
doga, 24 m. N. E. Nova Ladoga.
Sibaba, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122° 25' E. Lat. 6"
36' N.
Sibaldes isl. near the coast of Patagonia. Lon.
59° 35' W. Lat. 50° 53" N.
Siberia, country, Asia. The name of Siberia,
or Sibiria, was originally applied, and still prop-
erly belongs only to the S. part of the government
of Tobolsk : but, in a more extensive sense, it in-
cludes the whole of Asiatic Russia, excepts or 10
provinces in the S. W. around the Caspian sea.
This country is made up of vast plains, covered
with almost perpetual snow, and pen/aded by
enormous rivers, which, under masses of ice, pur-
sue their dreary way to the Arctic ocean. 'These
plains are called stepps, and are principally sandy
and barren. In the northern half of Siberia,
where the winters are long and severe, there are
no trees, but in the south, along the Altay moun-
tains, there are immense forests. The reindeer
is found in most parts of Siberia, and performs the
office of the horse, the cow, and the sheep. Bea-
vers live in the great rivers, and seals inhabit the
shores of the Frozen ocean. Wolves, foxes, bears,
and sables are hunted for their skins. The in-
habitants are of three classes, the Aborigines or
ancient inhabitants, Tartars, and Russians. The
two first live in tribes, and wander over the coun-
try. They are principally Pagans, but missiona-
ries have recently been sent to this country from
Great Britain, and are stationed at Astrakan,
Orenburg, Irkutsk, and other places. This im-
mense country is under the dominion of Russia,
but the tribes are at such a distance from the cap-
ital, that the emperor has little control over them,
and they are fdmost independent. The chief
mark of subjection is the annual tribute. Con-
siderable trade is carried on between Siberia and
European Russia on one hand, and with China on
the other. The principal article furnished by Si-
beria is furs. Pop. about 2,000,000.
Sibiakova, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
28 m, N. Tara.
Sibmah, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe
of Reuben, remarkable for its vineyards.
Sibnibas, t. Hind, in Bengal, 10 m. E. N. E.
Kishenagur. Lon. 88° 50' E. Lat. 23"25*N.
Sibraim, in Sac. Ge<^. t Syria, between Da-
mascus and Hamath.
Sibu, one of the Philippine islands, about 240
miles in circumference. Sibu, or Zibu, the capi-
tal, contain* 5,000 houses. Lon. 123° 44' E. Lat.
10° 35' N.
Sibuyan, one of the Philippine islands, 36 miles
in circumference. Lon. 122" 22' E. Lat 12°36'N.
•Sicca, La, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Naples. Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat. 39*
58' N.
Siccacollum, city. Hind, in Condapilly, on the
Kistnah, 35 m. S. S. W. Ellore.
Siehlan, r. Russia, which runs into the Ochots-
koi sea, in lon. 152° 14' E. lat. 59° 28' N.
Siciiy, isl. in the Mediterranean, formerly, if
we may credit the ancients, joined to Italy, frtan
which it is now separated by the straits of Mes-
S I E
S I G
691
sina, about 7 miles across. It is the largest island
in the Mediterranean, being about 156 miles long
and 85 broad. Sicily, on account of its form be-
ing somewhat triangular, was called Trinacria,
or Triquetra. The ancient name of this island
was Sicania, from its inhabitants the Sicanii. It
has a hot climate, and a fertile soil, producing
grain in abundance, wine^ fruits of various kinds,
oil, honey, saffron, and sugar. Including the Li-
pari islands, its area is 12,600 &q. miles, and its
population 1,655,000. It is divided into 3 prov-
inces : viz. Val di Mazara, Val di Demona, and
Val di Noto. The religion is Roman Catholic.
It forms with Naples the kingdom of the Two
Sicilies.
Sicion, isl. in the Indian sea, near the coast of
Africa. Lat. 12° 35' S.
Siclos, t. Hungary, with a castle, 12 m. S. Funf-
kjrchen, 64 S E. Canischa.
Sidanier, kingdom of Java, on the S. coast.
Sidari, or Sidero, cape, the N. extremity of the
island of Corfu. Lon. 19° 52' E. Lat. 3T 53' N.
Sideling Hill, a range of hills in the N. W.
part of Maryland, which extend between Alle-
ghany and Washington counties.
Sidin, or Faiisa, r. A. Turkey, which runs into
the Black sea, at Vatisa.
Sidmouthy seaport, Eng. in Devonshire, at the
mouth of a small river, on the English channel,
14 m. S. E. Exeter, 158 W. S. W. London. Lon.
3° 22' W. Lat. 50° 38' N.
Sidney, t. of the island of Cape Breton, 20 m.
N. Louisburg.
Sidney Cove. Sec Sydney Cove.
Sidney, t Hastings co. Upper Canada, on lak«
Ontario.
Sidney, p-t Kennebeck co. Maine, on Kenne-
beck river, 8 m. N. Augusta.
Sidyiey, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 25 m. W. Del-
hi, 95 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,388.
Sidon. See Saida.
Sidra, Gulf of, large bay of the Mediterranean,
on the coast of Tripoli, anciently called Syrtis.
Lon. 15° 30' to 19° 30' E. Lat. 30° 30' to 32° 30' N.
Seig, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, 2
m. below Bonn.
Siegen, t. Germany, 37 m. E. Bonn, 34 N. W.
Wetzlar. Lon. 8° 8' E. Lat. 50° 48' N.
Sitgstadf, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 58 m. N.
Christiania.
Sienna, or Siena, city, Italy, in Tuscany. The
district, called Siennese, or Terriiorio di Sienna,
was once a free republic. The city is pleasantly
built on three hills, in a healthy situation. It is
the see of an archbishop, and the cathedral is a
fine Gothic building. Near the cathedral is the
archbishop's palace, and opposite to it a large and
well-endowed hospital. The university was foun-
ded by Charles V. Many nobility reside here ;
and it is generally allowed, that the Italian lan-
guage is, in no part of Italy, spoken with greater
purity. 54 m. S. Bologna, 79 N. N. W. Rome, 27
S. Florence. Lon. 1 1° 16' E. Lat. 21° N. Pop.
15,130.
Siennoi, t. Russia, in Mohilev, 60 m. N. N. VV.
Mohilev. Lon. 29° 44' E. Lat. 54° 3^ N.
Sier, T. France, which runs into the Rhone,
near Seissel.
Sierck, t. France, in Moselle, 9 m. N. N. E.
Thionville, 21 S. S. W. Treves.
Sierra, the eastern part of New Castile, so call-
ed from its mountains. The word Sierra is a gen-
eral name for mountain in Spain.
Sierra d^Adriana, mountains of Spain, in Gui-
puscoa, 18 m. S. Tolsa.
Sierra Cava, small isl. near the E. coast of Sar-
dinia. Lon. 10° E. Lat, 39" 46' N.
Sierra di Gador, mountain of Spain, in Grena-
da, 12 m. from Almeria.
Sierra Leone, a country on the west coast of
Africa, lying between 7" and 10° N. lat. A river
of the same name passes through it nearly in the
centre. The lands on this river, for a considera-
ble distance, are very fertile, producing cotton^
rice, sugar, and most of the tropical fruits. A
colony was planted here by the British in 1791,
for the purpose of cultivating the productions
suited to the climate, and opening a trade with
the interior. The first settlers were about 500 in
number, principally blacks, who were increased
in 1792, by 1,200 free negroes from Nova Scotia.
The first colonists sufiered from sickness, and in
1794, the settlement was destroyed by the French,
but it was afterwards re-established, and in 1809,
contained 1,500 persons ; since which it has been
very flourisliing, and is now the most important
English colony in Africa, except the Cape of Good
Hope ; the number of inhabitants in 1818,
amounting to 10,014, of whom only about lOO
were Europeans. The population consists almost
entirely of Africans, rescued from the holds of
slave ships, and who, when they were introduced
into the colony were at the lowest point of mental
ami moral depression. They now exhibit a very
gratifying proof of the susceptibility of the Afri-
can character for improvement and civilization.
From savages and gross idolaters, many of them
have been converted into enterprising traders,
skilful mechanics, and industrious fanners, sup-
porting themselves and their families in comfort,
and performing respectably the social and even
religious duties. They discharge the duties of
jurors, constables, and other offices with much
propriety, and are a fine example of a communi-
ty of black-men living as freemen, enjoying the
benefits of the British constitution, regularly at-
tending public worship ; and gradually improving
by means of schools and other institutions in
knowledge and civilization. This happy change
has been effected by the blessing of God on the la-
bours of English missionaries. The number of
missionaries in the colony in 1819, was 17, and
the number of children in the schools at the vari-
ous settlements was 2,104. The chief town is
Freetown. See Freetoum and Regent's town.
Sierra Leone, r. Africa, which runs into the At-
lantic ocean, in lon. 12° 30' W. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Sierra Moreno, chain of mountains of Spain, be-
tween the provinces of Cordova and Jaen to the
S. and Estremadura and La Mancha to the N.
Siersberg, t. France, in Moselle, 4 m. N. N. W.
Sar Louis, 6 N. N. E. Bouzonville.
Sigagik, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the sea
coast, 14 m. S. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26°51' E. Lat.
38" 18' N.
Sigean, t. France, in Aude, 9 m. S. Narbonne,
19 N. Perpignan.
Sigenburg. See Siegenburg.
Sigg, or Sikke, r. Algiers, which, united with
the Habrah, forms the Muckdah, or Makerra.
Sigmaringen, t. Germany, on the Danube, 44
m. S. Stuttgart, 26 N. Constance. It is the chief
town of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigma-
ringen, which contains 35,560 inhabitants, and has
a revenue of 30,000/. sterling. Lop. 9° 16' E,
Lat 48° 2' N. Pop. 3,0«0.
e^
s I L
Sigrutu, t Switz, in Berne, 12 m. S. K. Berne.
Sigtuna, t. Sweden, on a creek of the Malar
lake, anciently one of the chief cities of the king-
dom, 10 m. N. Stockholm.
Siguencaf city, Spain, in Old Castile, the see of
& bishop, with an university, founded in 1441, 3
churches, 3 convents, 2 hospitals, and a strong
castle. 56 m. N. E. Madrid, 80 S. S. E. Burgos.
Lon. 2" 57' W. Lat. 40" 58' N. Pop. 7,000,
Sihon, or Oihon, or Amu, t. Asia, which rises in
Bukharia, and runs into the lake Aral ; formerly
it emptied itself into the Caspian sea.
Sihon, or Sharokie, name given to the river
Sirr, in part of its course.
Si-kiang, or JVest Rivera r. China, which runs
into the sea, S. of Canton. .
Sikino, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, long
celebrated for its wine, about 20 miles in circum-
ference. Lon. 25° 10' E. Lat. 30° 43' N.
Sikovoe, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
l3r51'E.Lat. 7»12'S.
Silading, email isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124° 25' E. Lat. 1"
21' N.
Silbtrberg, t Silesia, 10 m. N. Glatz, 16 W.
Munsterburg. Lon. 16° 26' E. Lat. 50° 24' N.
Pop. 1,700.
Silchester, (an. Vindonum,) v. Eng. in Hants,
10 m. S. W. Reading, 48 W. London.
SilCi r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic, op-
posite the island of Torcello.
Sikby, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 8 m. N. Lei-
cester.
SUesia^ a province of the Prussian States, boun-
ded N. by the province of Posen, E. by the new
kingdom of Poland, S. by Austrian Silesia, S. W.
by Moravia, and W. by Saxony. It contains
14,861 square miles, and 2,100,000 inhabitants,
and yields a revenue of 1,400,000/. On the S. W.
Silesia is environed by a chain of hills remarkable
for their height and extent The parts bordering
on Poland and the mountainous districts are not
fertile, but the rest of the province produces
wheat rye, barley, oats, and flax in abundance.
The principal manufacture is linen, for which the
province has long been noted. The exports are
madder, mill-stones, linen, thread, yarn, &c.
The inhabitants are of various religious sects.
Silhtt, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by Bootan,
and E. by Meckley.
Silhef, t. and cap. of the above circar, 200 m. E.
N. E. Moorshedabad, 106 N. E. Dacca. Lon. 91*
67' E. Lat 24° 52' N.
Silirw, small isl. among the Philippines, near
the N. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121" 40' E. Lat.
9° 2' N.
Silkeburg, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, 18 m.
W. Aarhuus.
Sillebar, or Cellebar, s-p. on the W. coast of Su-
matra, 30 m. S. S. E. Bencoolen.
Silla, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the right bank
of the Niger, 75 m. N. E. Sego. Lon. 1° 34' W.
Lat. 14° 48' N.
Sille le Gillaume, t. France, in Sarte, 18 m. N.
W. Lc Mans, 18 S. S. W. Alencon. Lon. 0° 3' W,
Lat. 48° 1 2' N.
Sillee, circar of Bengal, bounded N. by Ram-
grur, E by Pachclc, S. by Tomar, and W. by Nag-
pour. Sillee, the capital, is 25 m. S. E. Ramgur.
Lon . 85° 56' E. Lat. 23° 22' N.
Silhry, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada,
on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 3 m. S. W,
Quebec.
S I M
Silkwood, small isl. near the coast of Nor
30 m. N. N. W. Bergen.
Silsden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. Skipton.
Sihoe, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, 5 m. S. Ampthill,
41 N. London.
Silver bluff, in S. C. on Savannah river, about 30
feet high, extending about 2 miles on the river,
and about 1 mile wide. Here are vestiges of an-
tiquity.
Silver creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into the
Ohio below Clarksville. Copperas is found in
large quantities on its banks.
Silver creek, t. Green co.Ohio.
Silver lake, p-v. Susquehannah co.Pa.
Silves, t. Portugal, in Algarve, on a river of the
same name, 15 m. E, N, E. Lagos, 39 W. Tavira.
Lon, 8" 21' VV. Lat. 37° 10' N.
Silum, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14'' 50"
E. Lat. 44" 39' N.
Si7nnncas, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Pisuerga, 8
m. S. W. Valladolid.
Simara, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
24 m. E. Mindanao. Lon. 121° 40' E. Lat. 12°
51' N.
Simbani, country, Africa, between Woolly to
the N. W. Foota "Torra to the N. Eondou to the
N. E. and Tenda to the S. W.
Simbirsk, t. Russia, and cap, of a government,
on the Volga, 380 m. E. S, E. Moscow. 680 S. E.
Petersburg. Lon. 48° 30' E. Lat. 54° 25' N.
Simbirskoe, a government of Russia. Lon. 45^
to 51" E. Lat, 52" 20' to 55" 30' N.
Simcoe Lake, lake of Upper Canada, communi-
cating with Lake Huron, through the river Severn.
Simcoe, co. Home district. Up. Canada, extend-
ing from Lake Simcoe to Lake Huron.
Simi, or Symi, isl. in the Mediterranean, 6 m.
N. Rhodes. Lon. 37" 34' E. Lat. 36" 36' N.
Simmen, or Siben, r. Swisserland, which rises
in the mountains between the Valais and the can-
ton of Berne, and runs into the lakeofThun, 4 m.
N. N. W. Spietz.
Simmem, t. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
26 m. S. S. W. Coblentz, 36 W. Mentz. Lon. 7"
33' E. Lat. 60° N. Pop. 1,600.
Simmem, or Simmer, r. Germany, which mnt
into the Nahe, 3 m. E. Kirn.
Simmon'' s island, small isl. on the coast of S. C.
at the S. end of Johns island.
Simogu, i. Hind, in Mysore, on the Tumbadra,
93 m. N. W. Seringapatam, 86 N. N. W, Feriapa-
tam. Lon. 75° 30' E. Lat. 13° 21' N.
Simon's bay, bay on the coast of Africa, in the
Cape of Good Hope, Lat. 34° 12' S.
Simontomya, or Simon Thnm, t. Hungary,
with a strong castle, 32 m. S. S. W. Buda, 85 S.
S. E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 25' E. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Simplon, mountain, Swisserland, over which is
a passage from the Vallnis to Milan. Its height is
6,597 feet. 31 m. E. Sion.
Simpson, t, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
St. Francis river, 30 m. S. Three Rivers.
Simpson, co. Kentucky.
Simpson's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 169° 20' E. Lat. 8" 26' S.
Simpsonville, p-v, Montgomery co. Md.
Simsat, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 54 m. W.
Diarbekir, 80 S. E. Sivas.
Simsbury, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 12 m. N. W.
Hartford. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congre-
gationalists and 1 for Episcopalians. Pop. 1,866.
Sijrttkala, Ost$:r and Wester, 2 small islands in
S I N
the Baltic, E. of Aland. Lon. 20" 8' E. Lat. 60"
21' N.
Sin, or Barbesin, kingdom of Africa, which ex-
tends about 21 miles along the coast of Senegal .
Joal is the capital.
Sinaab, t. Algiers, in Tremccen, on the E. side
of the Shelliff, 72 m. S. VV. Algiers, 45 E. Musty-
gannim.
Sinai, mountain of Arabia, 150 m. E. S. E.
Suez. It consists of two summits ; the lower of
Western summit is called Horeb, and the Eastern
is properly called Sinai.
Si-nnn, r. Algiers, which joins the Wed el Mai-
lab, about 5 m. before it runs into the sea.
Sincapoura, or Siticapura, isl. with a town of
the same name, near the S. coast of Malacca,
which gives name to the Straits of Sincapoura.
Lon. 103" 30' W. Lat. 1" 2' N.
Sinclair. Se^ St. Clair.
Sindangan Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of Min-
danao. Lon. 123" 5' E. Lat. 8" 15' N.
Sinde. See Indus.
Sinde, v. Hind, which rises about 20 m. W.
Bilsah, and runs into the Jumnah, at Putterahee.
Sindeljingen, t. Wurtemberg, 6 m. S. W. Stutt-
gard, 30 E. Baden. Lon. 8" 52' E. Lat. 48" 4 1' N.
Pop, 3,100.
Sinderingen, t. Wurtcmburg, on the Kocher,
12 m. N. E. HeilbroD, 6 N. Ohringen. Lon. 9"
33' E. Lat. 49" 16' N.
Sindourcotty, t. Thibet, on the left bank of the
Ganges, 48 m. S. Gangotri.
Sindy, country, Asia, on the E. side of the In-
dus, from its mouth to the frontiers of Moultan,
300 miles long and 160 broad, in the widest part.
On the N. E. lie the territories of the Seiks, on the
N. those of the king of Candahar ; on the W. is
Mecran, a province of Persia ; on the E. is a san-
dy desert which extends from the territory of
Cutch to the confines of Moultan.
Sinepuxent, a long and narrow bay on the S. E.
coast of Maryland, separated by a number of isl-
ands from the Atlantic. Sinepuxent inlet is in lat.
38" 10' 30'' N. 12 m. E. Snowhill.
Sines, s-p. Portugal, in Estremadura, 39 m. S.
Steuval. Lon. 8" 51' W. Lat. 37" 46' N.
Sing, t. Dalmatia, on a rock almost inaccessi-
ble on 3 sides, and on the fourth, fortified with a
thick wall. 16 m. N. Spalatro, 8 N. Clissa.
Sin-gan, city, China, in Chen-si. Next to Pe-
king it is the largest and finest city of China. For
iscveral ages it was the seat of the Chinese empe-
ifors, and is yet very populous, and a place of great
txade, especially in mules, which they send to Pe-
king. The walls are well fortified with towers,
and surrounded with a deep ditch. 510 m. S. W.
Peking. Lon. 108" 29' E. Lat. 35" 14' N.
Singboon, circar. Hind, bounded N. and E. by
Bengal, S. by Mohurbunge, W. by Bahar.
Singinging, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
;-he E. coast of Nassau. Lon. 100" 2' E. Lat. 3"
.•>0' S.
Singiliet; t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Volga,
;>4 m. S. Simbirsk. Lon. 48" 34' E. Lat. 54" 1' N.
Singleton'' s, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Singon, isl. near the coast of Sweden, at the en-
trance into the gulf of Finland. Lon. 18" 20' E.
Lat.60°ll'N.
Singor, s-p. Asia, in Siam, on the coast of Ma-
Jacca. Lon. 101" 14' E. Lat. 6" 40' N.
Sing-sing, v. in Mount Pleasant, N. Y. on the
Hudson. The river is here 3 miles wide. Sing-
S I P
693
sing has a good landing, and some shipping, and is
well situated for trade.
Si7ig-hing, small isl. near the coast of China.
Lon. 121" E. Lat. 31" 32' N.
Si7i-hoa, s-p. Cochin-China. Lon. 88" 14' E.
Lat. 17" N.
Sinia^ r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, 52
m. N. Berezov. Lon. 66" 14' E. Lat. 65" N.
Sinjar, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 140 m. S. E.
Diarbekir, 210 N. N. W. Bagdad. Lon. 41" 35' E.
Lat. 36" 17' N.
Sinigagiia, s-p. Popedom, on the Adriatic, at
the mouth of the Nivola. It contains 4 churches
and 6 convents. 28 m. E. S. E. Urbino. Pop.
12,000.
Sinkel, s-p. Sumatra, near the W. coast. Lon.
97' E. Lat. 2" 8' N.
Sinking spring, or Middletovm, p-v. Highland
CO. Ohio, 38 m. S. W. Chillicothe.
Sinn, r. Germany, which runs into the Maine,
near Germunden.
Sinno, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
inlon. 16"40'E. lat. 40"N.
Sino, t. Africa, on the Grain coast, 30 m. S. E.
Sanguin.
Sinob, or Sinope, s-p. A. Turkey, near the coast
of the Black sea, on the isthmus of a peninsula. It
has 2 good harbours and a dock-yard for buildng
ships. 280 m. E. Constantinople. Lon. 35° E.
Lat. 41° 6' N. Pop. 60,000,
Sinon, r. Persia, in Mazanderan, which runs in-
to the Caspian sea, 5 m. E. Fehrabad.
Sintzheim, t. Baden, 13 m. S. S. E. Heidelberg,
18 m. E. Spire. Pop. 2,158.
Sio, t. Africa, on the coast of Zanguebar, 10
m. N. W. Ampaca.
Sioe, small isl. Denmark, near the W. coast of
Langeland. Lon. 10" 42' E. Lat. 54" 58' N.
Sion, t. France, in Lower Loire, 9 m. W. Cha-
teaubriant.
Sion, mountain of Asia, situated to the S. of Je-
rusalem, of much celebrity in sacred history.
Sion, or Sitten, t. Switzerland, and cap. of the
Valais, on a river of the same name, which soon
after runs into the Rhone. It is the see of a bishop,
and contains 6 churches, with some convents, a
college, and 3 palaces of the bishop. 48 m. E. Ge-
neva, 48 S. Berne. Lon. 7" 9' E. Lat. 46" 1 1' N .
Sioree, t. Bengal, in the district of Birbhoom,50
m. S. W. Moorshedabad, 56 from Cutwa. It is
one of the stations of the Baptist Missionary Soci-
ety.
Sioule, r. France, which runs into the AUier, 2
m. N. St. Pourcain.
Sioux, Indians, the most powerful tribe in N.
America. They consist of seven independent
bands, each under its own chief; but they arft
united in a confederacy for the protection of their
territories, and send deputies to a general coun-
cil of chiefs and warriors, whenever the concerns
of the nation require it. They inhabit with tri-
fling exceptioas all the country between the Mis-
sissippi and Missouri rivei-s, south of N. lat. 46*.
Their country also includes large tracts south of
the Missouri and east of the Mississippi. They
are brave, spirited, and generous, with proud no-
tions of their origin as a! tribe, and their superior-
ity as hunters and warriors, and with a predomi-
nant passion for war. Their number was stated
by the late General Pike at 21,675, of whom 3,800
were warriors.
Sip, or Fort EHssAeih^ fortress of Servia, on the
S I R
S I X
S. side of the Danube : at a small distance farther
lies the Demikarpi, that is the iron-gate, com-
monly called Cataractae Danubii, 4 m. E. Orsova.
Sipavend, t. Persia, in Mekran, 210 m. N. N.
W. Kidge, 310 S. S. W. Candahar.
Siphanto, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, an-
ciently Siphnos, 30 miles long and 6 broad, is one
of the most fertile and best improved in the Archi-
pelago. The chief articles of commerce are cal-
licoes, figs, onions, wax, honey, oil, and capers.
Lon. 24' 46' E. Lat. 36" 59' N. " Pop. 6,000.
Sipias, t. Mingrelia, on a river wich runs into
Ihe Black «ea, 200 m. W. N. W. Teflis, 220 N. N.
W. Erivan.
Sipsey, r. Alabama, which runs S. W. and joins
the "rombigbee, 40 ra. N. ol the mouth of Alabama
fiver.
Sir, or 5tVr, r. which rises in the mountains of
Tartary, and runs into the Lake of Aral, in lat.
45" 10' N.
Sir Charles Hardy's Island, isl, in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 154" 6' E. Lat. 4" 38' S.
Sir Charles Hardy^s Islands, small islands in the
Pacific ocean.. Lon. 217" W. Lat. 1 1" 55' S.
Sir Henry Martin's Island, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, about 16 leagues in circumference, called
by the natives JS'ooaheva. Lon. 220" E. Lat. 8"
51" S.
Sir Charles Saunder'^s Island, or Tapooamanoo,
isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 150" 40' W. Lat.
17"28'S.
Siradia, i. Prussian States, in Posen, late capital
of a palatinate in Poland, of the same name, on the
Warta, with a castle, 100 m. N. N. W. Cracow,
110 S. W. Warsaw. Lon. 18" 45' E. Lat. 51"
31' N.
Siraf, t. Persia, in Laristan, on the N. coast of
the Persian gulf, 30 m. S. W. Lar. Lon. 53" 50'
E. Lat. 26° 44' N.
Sirajepour, t. Hind, in Allahabad, 10 ra. E. Co-
rah. Lon. 80" 58' E. Lat. 26" 9' N.
Siran Losa, lake of Thibet, about 18 miles in
circumference, 18 m. W. Lake Tenckri.
Sire, t. Abyssinia, and cap. of a province of the
same name. The province is about 25 miles
square, and considered as part of Tigr^. Lon. 38°
lO'E. Lat. 14"5'N.
Siret, r. Moldavia, which runs into the Danube,
4 m. S. Galacz.
Sirgian, or Kerman, t. Persia, in Kerman, cel-
ebrated for its beautiful potter)', and manufacture
of stuff. 150 m. E. Chiras, 280 S. E. Ispahan.
Lon. 56" 50' E. Lat. 29" 40' N.
Sirgune, r. Prussia, which runs into the Frisch
Haff, below Elbing.
Sirhind, circar, Hind, between Delhi and La-
bore. Sirhind, the capital, is 140 m. S. E. La-
hore, 148 N. W. Delhi. Lon. 76" 7' E. Lat. 30°
42'N.
Sirian, s-p. Pegu, 72 m. S. Pegu, 116 E. Per-
saim. Lon. 96" 50' E. Lat. 1 6° 54' N.
Siri7iagur, t. Thibet, cap. of a district on a
branch of the Ganges, 150 m. N. E. Delhi. Lon.
79° 13' E. Lat. 30" 22' N.
Sirinagur, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. N. E. Calcutta.
Lon. 88° 48' E. Lat. 23" 7' N.
Sirius, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 18 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 162" 30' E. Lat. 10" 52' S.
Sirmium, or Sirmich, t. Sclavonia, 40 m. N. W.
Belgrade.
Sirouy, circar, Hind, in Agmere, on each side
of the river Puddar. Chief towns, Sirowy and
Jalotur.
Sirpy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 30 m. S. E. Chittle-
droog, 65 N. Seringapatam.
Sirr. See Sir.
Sisolk, (JJsi,) t Russia, at the union of the riv-
ers Vim and Vitchegda, 120 m. N. E. Ustiug, 320
N. E. Vologda. Lon. 49" 40' E. Lat. 61" 55' N.
Sister Island, Eastern, Middle, and Western, 3
small islands in Lake Erie, near the mouth of
Maumee bay, 18 m. S. E. by S. Amherstburg. The
largest of them contains about 20 acres.
Sisleron, t. France, in Lower Alps, on the Du-
rance, with a small citadel on a rock, 15 m. N.W.
Digne, 30 N. E. Apt. Lon. 6° 1' E. Lat. 44" U'
N. Pop. 3,891.
Sisters, 2 small islands in the Red sea. Lon. 39"
15' E. Lat. 19" 30' N.
Sistersville, p-v. Tyler co. Va.
Sistora, or Ssislo, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on
the right bank of the Danube, 25 m. E. Nicopoli.
Lou. 24° 44' E. Lat. 43" 45' N.
Siszek, t. Croatia, at the conflux of the Save and
Kulpa, fortified with a wall and moat. 48 m. S.
Varasdin, 40 E. Carlstadt. Lon. 16° 44' E. Lat.
45°38'N.
Sitang, r. Hind, one of the branches of the Pe-
gu, which runs into the bay of Bengal.
Sitenskoi, t. Russia, in Novgorod, near the II-
men, 20 m. W. S. W. Krestzei.
Sitpour, t. Hind, in Moultan, on the Indus, 30
m. N. W. Moultan.
Sittart, t. France, in Roer, 12 m. S. Ruremond,
18 W. Juliers.
Sitter, r. Switz. which joins the Thur, 9 m. W.
St. Gal.
Sittinghurn, t. Eng. in Kent, 16 m. W. S". W,
Canterbury, 40 E. London. Lon. 0° 45' E. Lat.
51"21'N.
Sivas, (an. Sebaste,) city, A. Turkey, and cap.
of a government to which it gives name, the resi-
dence of a pacha. It is surrounded with walls,
and defended by a castle. 375 m. E. Constanti-
nople. Lon. 37° E. Lat. 38° 55' N.
Siuf, or Osiot, or Sciot, t. Egypt, 2 miles W.
from the Nile, the see of a bishop. It is large,
populous, and well-built. In a mountain abovd-
Siut are several remarkable spacious caverns,
adorned with hieroglyphics and emblematical fig-
ures. 162 m. S. Cairo. Lon. 31° 38' E. Lat. 27°
25' N. Pop. about 25,000.
Siwah, or Siouah, t. Africa, in Tripoli, on the
frontiers of Egypt, supposed to be the ancient
Mareotis. It is in a fertile spot, 6 miles long and
4 broad. A large portion of this space is covered
with date trees : there are also pomegranates,
figs, olives, apricots, wheat, rice, and plantains.
Mr. Brown found here the remains of an ancient
Egyptian building ; it was a single apartment,
built of huge stones, similar to those of the pyra-
mids. The length was 32 feet, the height about
18, and the breadth 15. Here are some apart-
ments cut in the rock, which have the appearance
of places of sepulture. On this spot it is gener-
ally supposed the celebrated temple of Jupiter
Ammon stood. 240 m. W. Cairo. Lon. 26° 35'
E. Lat. 29" 10' N.
Six JVations, a confederacy of Indian Nations,
so called by the British and Americans. The
French call them Iroquois. Formerly they were
called the Five Nations, five only being joined in
that alliance. These six nations are the Mohawks,
Oneidas, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, and Tus-
caroras. The latter joined the confederacy near-
ly 100 years ago. The whole number of the Six
S K I
Nations is about 5,000. Their villages are prin-
cipally in the western parts of New- York. The
Mohawks reside on Grand river, in Upper Canada,
The Cayugas also are principally within the Brit-
ish line.
Sixt, t. France, in Ulc-and-Vilaine, 6 m. N. Re-
don, 24 S. S. W. Rennes.
Sizandro, r. Portug^al, which runs into the At-
! lantic, in Ion. 9" 19' W. Lat. 39" 2' N.
i SizeboH, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on a point
j of land which projects into the Black sea. It is
! the see of a Greek archbishop. 14 m. E.Burgos,
i 105 N. N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 2T 44' E. Lat
42<'30'N.
Sizran, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Volga, 27
m. S. Simbirsk. Lon. 48" 14' E. Lat 63" 10' N.
Sizun, t. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. S. E. Lan-
derneau, 6 S. Landivesiau.
Skarroe, small isl. of Denmark, near theS. coast
of Fyen, 6 m. S. Svenborg. Lon. 10-29' E. Lat.
55° 1' N.
Skagen, promontory of Iceland, which projects
from the N. coast, about 20 miles. Lon. 45° 5 1'
E. Lat. 66° N.
Skale, small isl. on the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5'' 23' W. Lat. 55° 54' N.
Skalerund, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 5° 23' W. Lat 55° 54' N.
Skaloe, small isl. of Denmark, near the coast of
J.aaland. Lon. 1 1° 23' E. Lat. 55° N.
Skandcrborg, t. Denmark, in North Jutland.
10 ra. S. S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 9° 54' E. Lat. 56"
55' N.
Skano, t Sweden, in Schonen, 20 m. S. S. W.
Lund. Lon. 12" 34' E. Lat. 55° 24' N.
Skara, t. Sweden, the most ancient town of the
country, and formerly capital of the kingdom of
Gothland. It was totally destroyed by fire in
1719. 50 m. E. Uddevalla. Lon. 13° 30' E. Lat
58° 24' N. Pop. 400.
Skedaway, small isl. off the coast of Georgia,
about 10 m. S. Savannah.
Skeldnessy cape, Scotland, on the S. W. coast of
Shetland. Lon. 1° 48' W. Lat. 60" 12' N.
Skeleflea, r. Swedish Lapland, which runs into
the gulf ofBothnia, alittle S. E. of Pitea.
Skell, r. Eng. which runs into the Ure, neai-
Rippon, in Yorkshire.
Skeiligs, 2 small islands off the S. W. coast of
Ireland, 6 m. S. W. Bolus Head. Lon. 10° 23' W.
Lat 51° 42' N.
SkeneMteles, lake, principally in Onondaga co.
N. Y. about 15 miles long and 1^ wide. It dis-
charges its waters through an outlet 10 miles long
into Seneca river.
Skeneateles, p-v. in Marcellus, Onondaga co.
N. Y. at the outlet of Skeneateles lake, 7 ra. E.
Auburn, 163 W. Albany. It contains about 100
liOuses,and a handsome Presbyterian church, and
is a flourishing place.
iikenectada. See Schenectady.
Skenesborough. See V/kitehalL
Skerry, small isl. with a light-house, near tlie
N. W. coast of Anglesea, in the Irish sea. Lon.
<l°40'W. Lat53'30"N.
Sker Point, cape on the coast of Wales, in the
Bristol channel, Lon. 3° 42' W. Lat 51° 27' N.
Skerat, rock near the ^V. coast of Skye. Lon.
6°40' W.Lat57°24'N.
Skethye, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which
runs ;nto the''Irish sea, 4 ni. N. N. W. Barmouth.
SkiddaWf mountain, Eng. in Cumberland, 3,000
SLA
635
feet above the level of the sea. 3 m. N. Kes-
wick.
Skiffi, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago..
Lon. 24" 13' E. Lat 38° 44' N.
Skillo, Cape, on the E. coast of Greece. Lon.
23° 36' E. Lat 37° 26' N.
Skilskioer, s-p. Denmark, in the island of Zea-
land, in a bay which communicates with the Great
Belt 48 m. S. W. Copenhagen, Lon. 1 1° 27' E,
Lat. 55° 16' N.
Skilugrund. small isl. on the E. side of the gulf
ofBothnia. Lon, 20 ' 50' E. Lat. 63" 55' N.
Skinnersville, p-v. Washington co. N. C. \^;
Skinosa, desert isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
5 m. S. Naxia. Lon. 23° 32' E. Lat 36° 53' N.
Skion, t Sweden, near the gulf of Bothnia, 30 m.
S. Heruosand.
Skipness Point, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast
of Kintyre, 22 m. N. Cambletown. Lon. 5° 24'
W. Lat. 55" 49' N.
Skippak, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 902.
Skipton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. N. Halifax,
219 N. London. Lon. 2° 44' W. Lat. 53° 56' N.
Skiringlass, small isl. near the W. coast of Scot-
land. Lon. 5" 10' W. Lat. 58° 2' N.
Skodny, t. of Silesia, in the principality of Op-
peln. Here is a royal foundry for casting bombs.
10 m. S. Oppeln.
Skokam, small isl. near the W. coast of Wales.
Lon. 5° 17' W. Lat 5 1° 42' N.
Skomar, ,small isl. near the W. coast of Wales.
Lon. 5° 17' W. Lat 51" 41' N.
Skongen, t. Norway, on the coast, 26 m. N. N.
Drontbeini,
Skonondoah. See Sconondoah.
Skopia, or Uskup, t. Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia,
on the Varda, the see of an archbishop, 54 m. N.
Akrida, 56 S. S. W. Nissa. Lon. 21° 2' E. Lat 42*
40' N.
Skunpernong, r. N. C. connected by a canal
with the lake in Dismal Swamp.
Skutlock kills, in Hancock co. Maine, N. N. E,
of Gohlsborough iiarbour. They are 5 in num-
ber, appear round at a distance, and serve as
land-marks in sailing into the harbour.
Skye, small isl. near the W. coast of Scotland, and
one of the largest of those called the Western Isl-
ands, being 47 miles long from N. to S. and from
12 to 20 broad. Lon. 6" 10' W. Lat 57° IB' N
Pop. 14,470.
Slablown, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m. from
Burlington.
Slade Point, cape on the N. E. coast of New
Holland, 15 m. S. E. Hillsborough.
Slagtlse, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
42 m. W. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11° 29' E.
Lat 55° 26' N.
Slaighthuaite, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. W.
Huddersfield.
Slane, v. Ireland, in Meath, on the left bank of
the Boyne, 3 m. W. Drogheda.
Slangerup, t. Denmark, in the island of Zea-
land, 16 m. N. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 12° 10' E,
Lat 45° 51' N.
Slaperdike, v. Holland, 7 m. N. Alcmaer.
Slatt-iron-works, p-v. Bath co. Ken.
Slativa, t Walachia, on the E. side of the Al-
aut, 2 m. N. E. Brancovani, 50 W. Bucharest.
Slave Coast, a country in Africa, bordering on
the Atlantic, between the Gold Coast and Be-
nin.
Slave Lake, N. America, lying between lat. 60"
30' and 63° N. and between ion. 110° and 119" W,
696
S L U
It is 270 miles long and 1,000 in circumference.
It receives the waters of Athapescow lake from
the south through Slave river, and discharges it-
self at its N. W. extremity through M'Kenzie's
river into the JVozen ocean.
Slave river, r. N. America, which forms the out-
let of Athapescow lake, and running N. falls into
Slave lake.
Slavensk, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Dnieper, 48 m. S. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 34° 44'
E. Lat. 47", 24' N.
Slaughter creek, r. Md. on the Eastern shore of
the Chesapeake.
Slawkow t. Austrian Poland, in the palatinate of
Cracow, 25 m. N. W. Cracow.
Sleaford, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 17 m. S. Lincoln,
115 N. London. Lon. 1° 24' W. Lat. 53" N.
Slebeze, or Slybzc, small isl. in the Straits of Sun-
da. Lon. 105" 24' E. Lat. 5° 64' S.
Sledge Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
N. W. coast of America, about 12 miles in circuit.
Lon. 166° 3' W. Lat. 64" 30' N.
Sleswick, {Duchy of,')a. province of Denmark,
bounded N. by Jutland, E. by the Baltic, S. by
Holstein, and W. by the North sea ; about 72
miles long and from 30 to 56 broad. The country
is level and well supplied with corn, cattle, and
fish. The inhabitants are a mixture of Danes,
Saxons, Frischians, and Hollanders. It contains
several towns, and 1,500 villages. Sleswick is the
capital.
Sleswick, city, Denmark, and cap. of the above
duchy, oa.the river or gulf of Sley It is at pres-
ent no longer a port ; the Sley being choked up
with sand. 60 m. N. Hamburg. Lon. 9" 34' E.
Lat. 54° 33' N. Pop. 5,629.
Slickenborch, t. Netherlands, on the Linde, 28
m. S. Lewarden, 20 S. E. Staveren.
Sliebb-bloom, mountains of Ireland, between
King's and Queen's counties.
Stigo, t. Ireland, in Sligo co. at the mouth of a
river, which runs from Lough Gill into Sligo bay,
and is navigable for vessels of 200 tons up to the
quays. The trade is considerable. 66 m. N. N.
E. Galway, 94 N. W. Dublin. Lon. 8° 20' W.
Lat. 54° 16' N. Pop. 9,000.
Stigo, CO. Ireland, in the province of Connaught,
bounded N. by the sea, E. by Leitrim and Ros-
common, and S. and W. by Mayo.
Slipper Island, small isl. in the Eastern Indian
Sea- Lon. 93° 30' E. Lat. 14° 8' N.
Slippery rock, r. Pa. which runs into Beaver
creek.
Slippery rock, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 658.
Slippery rock, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 789.
Slitle, r. Scotland, which runs into the Tiviot,
aear Hawick, in Roxburgshire.
Sloanesnlle, p-v. Schoharie co. N. Y.
Slobodskoi t. Russia, in Viatka, 20 m. N. N. E.
Viatka. Lon. 50° 44' E. Lat. 58° 40' N,
Slokurn's Island, one of the Elizabeth islands
Mass. 5 miles in circuit.
Slooten, or Sloleii, t. in Netherlands, in Fries-
land, near a large lake called Slooter-Meer, 10 m.
S. Bolswaert, 10 E. Staveren. Lon. 5° 35' E. Lat.
52° 55' N. Pop. 2,616.
Sluck, or Sluckz, t. Lithunia, in Novogrodek, 68
m. E. S. E. Novogrodek, 254 E. Warsaw. Lon.
ar 33' E. Lat. 52° 50' N.
Sluys, or Ecluse, s-p. Flanders, and formerly
one of the best ports on that coast, but now capa-
f Jle of receiving small vessels only. It is furnish-
S M I '
ed with sluices, by means of which they can lay
the whole country under water. 18 m. N. E. Os-
tend, 8 N. Bruges. Lon. 8° 14' E. Lat. 51" 20' N.
Slyme Head, cape, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10° 14' W. Lat. 53° 23' N.
Smalund, or Smoland, a province of Sweden,
about 100 miles long, and 60 broad. The princi-
pal towns are Calmar, Wexio, and Jonkioping.
Smalkalden, or Schmalhalden, t. Germany, in
Hesse-Cassel, in the province of llenneberg, on
a river of the same name. Near it are salt-pits,
and mines of iron and steel. The Protestant prin-
ces held meetings here, in 1529, 1530, 1531, 1533,
1535, 1540. 27 m. N. N. E. Schweinfurt, 12 N.
N. E. Hildburghausen. Lon. 10° 40' E. Lat. 50"
47' N. Pop. 5,700.
Small Key, small isl. in the Indian Sea. Lon.
247° 16' W. Lat. 10° 37' N.
Smalls, (The') rocks in the Irish Sea, on which a
light-house is erected, 15 m. S. W. St. David'*
Head. Lon. 5° 33' W. Lat. 51° 44' N.
Smarden, t. Eng. in Kent, 26 m. E. S. E. Tun-
bridge, 56 E. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 41' E. Lat.
51° 9' N.
Smells, r. Prussia, which runs into the Curish
Haff, 2 m. S. Memel.
Smerwick, v. Ireland, in Kerry, which gives
name to a place called Smerwik Harbor. Lon. 10
16'W. Lat. 52°11'N.
Smethport, p-t. and cap. McKean co. Pa. 45 m
E. Warren.
Smirsilz, i. Bohemia, 6 m. N. E. Konigingratz,
47 E. N. E. Prague. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat. 50° 14' N.
Smilh, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,646.
Smith, CO. West Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. Pop. 11,649, including 2,201 slaves. Chief
town, Carthage.
Smith, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 8 m. S. St. Clairs-
ville. Pop. in 1819, 775.
Smith'' s Inlet, a bay on the W. coast of N. Amer-
ica. 1"he entrance is nearly closed by rocky islets.
Lon. of the entrance, 232° 12' E. LaL 51° 20^ N.
Smith's Island, large and lofty isl. in the Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 161° 54' E. Lat. 9° 44' S.
Smith's river, r. N. H. which runs into the Pemi-
gewasset in New-Chester.
Smiths river. See Staunton river, Va.
Smiths Sound, bay on the E. coast of New»-
foundland, bounded by Cape Bonavista.
Smithfield, p-t. Providence co. R. I. on Pawtuck-
et river, 9 m. N. W. Providence. Pop. 3,828. It
contains 4 churches, 2 of which belong to tlie Qua-
kers, and 3 Academies. Lime of an excellent
quality is made here in abundance, and exported
to the Southern States. Here are also 9 cotton
factories containing together 11,000 spindles; a
gun factory and several other factories.
Smilhjicld, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. W. S.
W. Utica. Pop. 2,651. It contains the village of
Peterborough.
Smithfield, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,084.
Smithfield, p-t. Fayette co. Pa.
Smitfifield, p-t. Bradford co. Pa.
Smithfield, Lower, t. Northampton co. Pa. Fop.
1,236.
Smithfield, p-t. Isle of Wight co. Va. on Pagan
creek which empties into James river, and is navi-
gable for vessels of 20 tons. 30 m. W. N. W. Nor-
folk, 85 S. E. Richmond.
Smithfield, p-t. and cap. Johnson co. N. C. in
a beautiful plain on the E. side of the Neuse. It
contains jajS8llCt::^9ase and jail, and is a place of
S M Y
S O A
697
Eome trade. Near the centre of the town is an
Indian burying place, originally 16 feet high and
30 in diameter. 25 m. S. E. Raleigh, 100 N. W.
Ncwbern.
Smithjitld, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 13 m. E.
Cambridge.
Smithjield, p-t. Jefferson co. Oliio, 12 m. S. W.
Steubenville. Pop. in 1815, 500. Here is a bank.
Smithland, p-t. Livingston co. Ken. on the Ohio,
3 m. below the mouth of Cumberland river. Pop.
99.
Smith's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, off the
Eastern shore of Virginia, it is 2 miles from the
main land, with a channel of 2 or 3 fathoms depth
between.
Smitk's Island, small isl. off the coast of N. C. at
the mouth of Cape Fear river.
Smith'' s borough, p-v. Tioga co. Pf. Y.
Smith'' s ferry, p-v. Ohio co. Ken.
Smith's point, the S. cape at the mouth of Po-
tomac river.
Smith's store, p-v. Spartenburg district, S. C.
Smithlown, p-t. Suffolk co. Long-Island, N. Y
It is situated on the Sound, 53 m. E. New- York.
It has some shipping, employed chiefly in trading
with New- York. Pop. 1,592; in 1820, 1,907.
Smithtown, t. Howard co. Missouri.
SmithvUle, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 13 m. S. W.
Norwich. Pop. 995.
SmithvUle, p-t. Brunswick co. N. C. near the
mouth of Cape Fear river, 30 m. below Wilming-
ton. It has a convenient harbour with a good
depth of water. Here is an academy.
Smockvilk, p-v. Jefferson co. Indiana.
Smolen, isl. in the North Sea, on the coast of
Norway, 25 miles in circumference. Lon. 8" 26'
E. Lat. 63° 24' N.
Smolensk, t. Russia, and cap. of a government,
on the Dneiper. It is a bishop's see; and its com-
merce is very considerable. It is famous in histo-
ry, as the subject of many disputes between the
Poles and Russians. It is built on two hills, with
a valley and the river between ; and surrounded
with walls 30 feet high, and 15 thick. The prin-
cipal articles of trade are flax, hemp, timber,
masts, plank, honey, wax, hides, and Siberian
furs. A battle was fought here in August 1812,
between the French and Russians, in which the
latter were defeated, and burnt the city to prevent
its occupation by the enemy. 420 m. E. N. E.
Warsaw, 180 W. S. W. Moscow, 328 S. S. E. Pe-
tersburg. Lon. 32" 18' E. Lat. 54° 40' N. Pop.
12,000.
Smolenskoe, government, Russia, bounded N. by
Psovskoe, and Tverskoe, E. by Moscovskaia, and
Kaluzskoe, S. by Orlovskoe, and Novgorod Siever-
?koe, and W. by Polotzskoe and Mogilevskoc.
Smolensk is the capital. Lon. 31" to 36" E. Lat.
53° 20' to 56° 15' N. Pop. 1,058,700.
Smyrna, or Ismir, a city and seaport, A. Tur-
key, in Natolia, on a gulf of the Mediterranean
which is capable of containing the largest navy ia
the world. The commodiousness of its harbor has
rendered it the common rendezvous of the great-
est merchants in all the four parts of the world.
The whole town is a continual bazar, or fair,
where all the best commodities of Asia and Europe
are bought and sold at cheap rates. Tiie territo-
ry about Smyrna is very fertile, Avith fine olive-
trees and vines. The European consuls live here
in great state and magnificence. The total value
of exports from Smyrna to London amounted, on
an average of the vears 1785, 1786, and 1787, to
88
463,349/. sterling, and from London to Smyrna, to
423,,548/. In 1790, 1791, and 1792, the exports to
London amounted to 779,610Z. and the imports
from thence to 848,280/. The city contains 19
mosques, 8 Jewish synagogues, 2 churches for
Greeks, and 1 for Armenians. "The Christian Eu-
ropeans are called Franks, and occupy, with few
exceptions, one street bearing their name. This
city suffered by a very extensive and devouring
fire on the 6th of August, 1763. 176 m. S. S. W.
Constantinople. Lon. 27° 8' E. Lat. 38° 28' N.
Pop. 130,000, of whom 70,000 are Turks, 30,000
Greeks, 15,000 Armenians, 10,000 Jews, and
5,000 strangers and Franks.
Smyrna, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Nor-
wich, 105 W. Albany. Pop. 1,334.
Smyrna, formerly Duck creek, or Salisbury, p-t.
Kent CO. Del. on Duck creek, 10 m. above its
mouth, and 12 N. W. Dover. It contains a bank
and an academy.
Smythsborough, p-v. Somerset co. Pa.
Snaasen, lake of Norway, 24 miles long, and 3
wide, 54 m. N. N. E. Drontheim.
Srutjield, mountain in the Isle of Man ; from the
top of which thei'e is a fair prospect of England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
Snaith, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, at the conflux of
the Don and Aire, 24 m. S. York, 174 N. London.
Lon. 1° 4' ^V. Lat. 53° 36' N.
Snake Islands, small islands in the Indian Sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 6° 20' S.
Sna7-es, a cluster of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
The largest, 9 m. in circuit, is in lon. 186" 20' E.
lat. 48" 3' S.
Snarnvier, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 25 ro. S. S.
W.Ara1)kir.
Snead's tavern, p-v. Fluvanna co. Va.
Sneeck, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, surround-
ed with ditches and ramparts, 38 m. W. S. W,
Groningen, 13 S. Lewarden. Lon. 5° 35' E. Lat.
52° 4' N. Pop. 4,893.
Sneedsborough, p-v. Richmond co. N. C.
Sneime, t. Persia, in Irac, 67 m. W. N. W.
Hamadan.
Snettisham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 13 m. N. Lynn,
11 1 N. N. E. London. Lon. 0° 30' E. Lat. 52" 53' N.
Sniabar, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Snialyn, t. Austrian States, on the Pruth, 96 m.
N. Lemberg, 250 E. S. E. Crakow. Lon. 25° 52'
E. Lat. 48° 33' N.
Snicker' ferry, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Snicker' s gap, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Snowdon, mountain of Wales, in Caernarvon-
shire, 3,500 feet above the level of the sea.
Snow hill, p-t. and cap. Worcester co. Md. at
the head waters of the Pokomoke, 20 m. E. Prin-
cess Ann. The public buildings are a court-house
and jail, a bank, an Academy, and 3 churches, 1
each for Presbyterians, Methodists, and Episco-
palians. It is a place of considerable trade.
Amount of shipping in 1816, 7,364 tons. Here is
a large steam factory which is in «ucces9ful ope-
ration.
Snowhill, p-v. Greene co. N. C.
Snug Comer Cove, bay of the Pacific Ocean, on
the E. side of Prince William's Sound. Lon. 146°
30' W. Lat. 60" 50' N.
Soak, or Souiak, t. Arabia, in Mascat, on the E.
coast, 5 m. N. W. B urka.
Soalterpour, t. Bengal, 20 m. E. Rangamatty.
Soana, t. Tuscany, the see of a bishop, 65 m. S.
Florence.
Soane, r. Hind, which runs into the Ganges near
Patna.
698
SOD
S O H
Soangur, t. Hind, in Guzerat, 50 m. S. Sarat,
13 W. Noopour. Lon. 73° 33' E. Lat. 21° 10' N.
Soank, r. Hind, which runs into the Bramnee
near Kroud in Orissa.
Soapi/ Rock, I'ock in the English Channel, 4 m.
N. W. Lizard Point,
Soar, or Sour, (an. Leire,) r. Eng. which runs
into the Trent, 3 m. N. N. E. Kegworth.
Soar, fort. Hind, in Bahar, 23 m. N. Durbunga.
Lon. 86^' 5' E. Lat. 26° 30' N.
Sobieslau, t. Bohemia, 10 m. E. Bechin, 48 S. S.
W. Czaslau. Lon. 14° 34' E. Lat. 49° 18' N.
Sobotka, t. Bohemia, 33 m. N. Prague. Lon. 15°
11' E. Lat. 50° 24' N.
Socho, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the plains
of the tribe of Judah.
Societi/ hill, p-v. Darlington district S. C.
Societi/ Islands, a cluster of islands in the South
Pacific Ocean, lying between lat. 16° 10' and 16°
55' S. and between lon. 150° 57' and 152° W.
The name, Society Islands, is sometimes given to
the 9 following, viz. Huaheine, Raiatea, Otaha,
Borabora, Marua.Tetaroa, Tapuamanu, Otaheite
and Eimeo, but the four last are more properly
railed Georgian islands. The inhabitants, cli-
mate, and produce are similar in many respects,
to those of Otaheite, from which island they are
not above fifty leagues distant towards the N. VV.
They abound with hogs, fowls, plantains, and
yams. For an account of the abolition of idolatry
and introduction of Christianity in these islands,
see Otaheite.
Society land, i. Hillsborough co. N. H. 22 m. S.
W. Concord.
Socoa, s-p. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 m. S.
S. W. Bayonne. Lon. 1° 36' W. Lat. 43° 24' N.
Saconey, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C.
Soconusco, or Gnevctlan, t. Guatimala, on a riv-
er near the Pacific Ocean, 460 m. S. E. Mexico.
Lon. 94° 36' VV. Lat. 15° 28' N.
Socorro, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, 20 miles in
circumference, 200 m. W. from the coast of Mexi-
co. Lon. 120° 40' W. Lat. 18" 40' N.
Socos, small isl. in the Atlantic near the coast of
Africa. Lat. 29° 45' S.
Socotara, or Socotra, isl. in the Arabian Sea, 25
leagues from Cape Guardafui, about 24 leagues
long, and 16 broad. It has been very variously
und contradictorily described by different authors.
It is agreed, however, that the island is populous
and fruitful. Most of the inhabitants are Maho-
metans, styling themselves Ai'abs. It produces
aloes, fi-ankincense, amber-gris, rice, dates, and
coral. Lon. 54" E. Lat. 12" 15' N.
Sodburi/, {Chipping,) t Eng. in Gloucester, 1 1
m. N. E. Bristol, 1 12 W. London. Lon. 2° 26' VV.
Lat. 51° 36' N.
Soden. v. Germany, 20 m. W. N. VV. Frankfort
on the Maine.
Soderhamn, s-p. Sweden, at the mouth of a river
near the Gulf of Bothnia. The trade is considera-
ble in ai-ms, linen, butter, timber, flax, Sic. 20
ni. N. Geffle.
Soderkioping, t. Sweden, on a navigable river,
10 m. S. S. E. Nordkioping, 125 N. Stockholm.
Lon. 16° 54' E. Lat. 61° 18' N.
Soderon, small isl. near the coast of Sweden, in
the Alands Haf. Lon. 8'^ 14' E. Lat. 60° 15' N.
Sodertelge, or Soder Telge, t. Sweden, between
the sea and the Maeler Lake. Here is a manu-
facture of worsted and silk stockings. 16 m. \V,
S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 18° 28' E, Lat 59° 8' N,
Sodmere Point, cape on the S. coast of the Isle
of Wight. Lon. r 16' W. Lat. 50° 38' N.
Sodom and Gornmorrah, in Sac. Geog. two ©f
the four cities in the vale of Siddim, which were
sunk in the Dead Sea.
Sodus, bay, N. Y. in Lake Ontario. It is the
best harbor on the S. shore of the Lake. It is 6 or
7 miles long and from 2 to 4 wide, and of sufficient
depth for vessels of great burden. The entrance
is I of a mile wide, and at present is obstructed by
a bar with only 7 feet water. It is calculated
however that the bar can be removed with a small
expense. Little Sodas bay is 12 m. E. of this bay.
Sodus, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario,
25 m. N, E. Canundaigua. Pop. 1,957. It con-
tains 2 churches, 1 for Presbyteriani and 1 for
Baptists.
Soeborg, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
9 m. VV. N. VV. Helsingoer.
Soest, t. Prussian States, in Cleves-and-Berg,
formerly one of the Hanse towns. It is of large
extent, and contains several churches. 22 m. £.
Dortmund, 27 S. E. Munster. Lon. 8° 1 1' E. Lat,
51°33'N. Pop. 5,372.
Sofala, or Zofala, or Quiterve, country, Afri-
ca, bounded N. and VV. by the states of Mo-
caranga, E. bv the Mozambique Channel, S. by
Sabia; about 350 miles from E. to W. and 120
from N. to S. It extends about 50 leagues along
the coast. The inhabitants are a mixture of Ma-
hometan Arabs, idolatrous Caffres, and bad Por-
tuguese Christians. From the mines of Sofala,
gold is said to be yearly extracted to the value of
1,166,666/. sterling. These riches are divided be-
tween the Portuguese, tlie Arabians of 2iiden and
Mecca, and the native traders of Quiloa, Momba-
sa, and Melinda. Sofala, the capital, has beea
fortified by the Portuguese. The natives of Sofa-
la are for the most part black, with short curled
hair, there being but very few tawny or brown
among them. Many learned men venture to af-
firm that it was from the mines of this country
Solomon had his gold which is so highly commend-
ed by the sacred historians, and that the kingdom
of Sofala is the celebrated Ophir, the gold being
allowed to be the purest and finest in all Africa.
Lon. r33° to 36° E. Lat. 19" to 22° S.
Sofala, t. Africa, in the country of the same
name. Lon. 36° E. Lat. 19° 22' S.
Sofala, r. Africa, which runs into the sea. Lat.
19° 22' S,
Sofia. See Sophia.
Sogd, r. Asia, which rises 100 m. N. E. Samar-
cand, and loses itself in a lake, 30 m. S. W.
Bukhara.
Soglio di Bari, isl. near the coast of Naples, in
the Gulf of Tarento, 11 ra. VV. Alessano.
Sogne Bay, wide river of Norway, which runs
into the North Sea. Lon. 5' 20' E. Lat. 61° 2' N.'
Sogno, or Sango, or Sonho, province of Africa,
in Congo, on the S. side of the Zaire, along the
coast of the Atlantic.
Sogno, t. Africa, and cap. of the province d
Sogno, with about 400 houses, on a creek or small
river, about a mile from the Zayre.
Sohagepour, t. Hind, and capital of a district in
Allahabad, 120 m. S. Allahabad, 250 S. \V. Pat-
na. Lon. 81° 54' E. Lat. 23° 30' N.
Soham, t. Eng. in Cambridge, on the river Cam,
called ^ho Monk's Soham, 10 m. N. VV'. Newmark-
et, 70 N. London. Lon. 0° 12' E. Lat. 52° 20' N.
Sohar, t. Arab-a, in Oman, 44 m. N. W. Mas»
cat. Lat. 24° 17' X
SOL
S O M
699
Soiatoi, small isl. of Russia, in the Caspian Sea,
148 m. S. E. Astrachan. Lon. 50° 14' E. Lat. 44*"
40' N.
Soifrnies, t. Netherlands, in Hainaut, on the
Senne, near a forest to which it gives name, 6 m.
N. N. E. Mon3. Pop. 4,445.
Soissons, city of France, in Aisne, on the Aisne.
Before the revolution it was the see of a bishop,
and caoital of a district, called Soissonrtois. 6i
posts N.' W. Rheims, 12i N. N. E. Paris. Lon. 3"
10' E. Lat. 49° 23' N. Pop. 7,229.
Soito de Rebordoins, t. Portu^l, in Entre Due-
ro e Minho, 6 m. N. Barcelos.
Soko, district, Africa, on the Gold Coast, ex-
tending about a league along the coast.
Sol Galiczk, t. Russia, in Kostrom, 96 m. N. N.
E. Kostrom. Lon. 42" 24' E. Lat. 59° N.
Sol f^itckegodsk, t. Russia, on the Vitchega, 36
m. N. Ustiug. Lon. 46° 14' E. Lat. 61° 30' N.
Solander^s Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, near
the S. coast of New Zealand. It is a barren rock,
about a mile in circuit. Lon. 192° 49' W. Lat. 46"
31' S.
Solano, small isl. near the coast of Peru. Lat.
12° 20' S.
Solanta, t. Sicily, which gives name to a cape
and a bay, 8 m. E. Palermo. Lon. 13° 36' E. Lat.
38° 9' N.
Soldau, or Detadorf, t. Prussia, 100 m. S. Kon-
igsberg;, 68 E. Culm. Lon. 20° 4' E. Lat 53° 2' N.
Soldin, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on a
lake to which it gives name, about 6 miles long,
32 m. N. Francfort on the Oder, 58 N. E. Berlin.
Lon. 1 4° 59' E. Lat. 5.3' 2' N. Pop. 3,400.
Solea, or Soli, t. Cyprus, 30 m, N. N. E. Baffa.
Solebay. See Soulhwold.
Solebury, t, Berks co. Pa. on the Delaware, op-
posite Amwell, N. J. Pop. 1,669.
Solenoc, t. Russia, in Kolivan, J 04 m. S. Koli-
van. Lon. 80° 54' E. LaL 52° 45' N.
Solenor, lake of Russia, 60 miles long, and 20
broad, between Lake Aral and the Caspian Sea.
Lon. 56° 14' E. Lat. 43° 50' to 44" 50' N.
Soleure, or Solothume, t. Switzerland, and cap.
of a canton of the same name, on the river Aar.
ft is at the foot of Mount Jura, in a fertile and
pleasant plain, is well fortified, and contains six
churches, an abbev, a convent, and an arsenal. 26
m. S. S. W. Bale, 18 S. Berne. Lon. 7° 19' E. Lat.
47° 14' N. Fop. 5,000.
Soleure, canton, Switzerland, between Berne
ind Bale, about 33 m. long, and from 12 to 24
iroad. Almost all the inhabitants are Roman
Catholics. Pop. 43,610.
Solfatara, a mountain abounding with sulphur,
:ntuated to the S. of the city of Naples.
Solfatara, or Logo di Bagni, a lake of Italy, in
Campagna di Roma. The water is chalky and
iulphureous ; towards the surface scarcely luke-
warm, but deeper, hot, and continually boiling.
11 m. S. E.Rome.
Solfwitzbnrg, or Solvesborg, or Sylvisborg, s-p.
Sweden, almost environed by the Baltic. It has a
larbor, with a ruinous castle. 33 m. W. S. W.
Carlscrona. Lon. 14° 26' E. Lat. 56° 9' N.
Solianoi, fort, Russia, in Kolivan, on the Irtisch.
Lon. 75° 14' E. Lat. 54° 20' N.
Soliamkoi Stanits, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the
Lena, 16 m. N. E. Olekminsk.
Solihull, t. Eng. in Warwick, 7 m. S. E. Bir-
mingham, 108 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 46' W.
Lat. 52° 25' N.
Solikamsk, t. Russia, in Perm, on the Kama, fa-
mous for its salt-works, 112 m. N. Perm. Lon. 56'"
15' E. Lat. 59° 36' N.
Soliman, t. Tunis, 20 m. E. S. E. Tunis.
Solimun, {Bay of,) bay, on the W. coast of Afri-
ca, in the Strait of Babel Mandeb. Lat. 12° 3' N.
Solingen, t. Germany, on the Wipper, 12 m. E.
S. E. Dusseldorf, 14 N. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 2' E.
Lat. 51° 8' N.
Solio, r. Naples, in Calabria, which runs into
the Mediterranean, in lon. 16° 6' E. lat. 39° 40' N.
Solitaire Island, small isl. in the Pacific Ocean,
25 m. S. Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 68° 6' E. Lat.
49° 49' S.
Solitary Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean. Lon.
178° 20' W. Lat. 10° 4' S.
Solitary Islands, small islands near the E. coast
of New Holland. Lat. 30° 8' S.
Sollam Moss, or Solway Moss, a tract of country,
Eng. in Cumberland, to the N. of the Elk, con-
taining about 1,000 acres. Before the union of
the two kingdoms it was debateable ground, the
inhabitants on both sides contending for it.
SoUapoiir, t. Hind, and cap. of a circar, on the
Kistnah, 120 m. S. E. Visapour, 110 S. W. Hy-
drabad. Lon. 77" 10' E. Lat 16° 22' N.
Solms, a principality of Germany, now included
principally in the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
Solmsbach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Lahn, 2 m. N. E. Braunfels.
Solombol, isl. of Russia, in Archangel, in the
river Dwina, 5 versts above Archangel.
Solomon^s Islands, islands in the Pacific Ocean,
situated E. of Papua, also called Arsacides.
Solomonstoivn, Indian village, Ohio, on the Mi-
ami, 17 m. S. Fort McArthur.
Solon, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the E. bank
of Kennebeck river, 18 m. N. Norridgewock, 44
W. by N. Hallowell.
Solon, p-t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 10 m. E. Homer,
132 VV. Albany. Pop. 1 ,270.
Saloon, small isl. in the Indian Sea, 25 m. from
Samar. Lon. 125° 42' E. Lat. 10° 55' N.
Solor, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, 70 m. in circum-
ference, separated from the E. coast of the island
of Flores by a narrow channel, called the Straits
of Flores. Lon. 123° 17' E. Lat, 8" 33' S.
Solothurn. See Soleure.
Solotkova, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Ilmin, 60
m. S. W. Orlenga.
Soloretskai, small isl. of Russia, in the White
Sea. Lon. 30" 14' E. Lat. 64° 53' N.
Solre le Chateau, t. France, in North, 6 ni. N. E.
Avesnes, 7 S. E. Maubeuge.
Solsona, or Salsona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, the
see of a bishop, 97 m. E. Saragossa, 48 N. N. W.
Barcelona. Lon. 1° 22' E. Lat. 42" 2' N.
Sollau, t. Hanover, in the principality of Lune-
burg, 29 m. N. N. W. Zell, 29 W. S.W. Lune-
burg. Lon. 9" 55' E. Lat. 53° 4' N. Pop. 1,51 9.
Soltkott, t. Germany, famous for its salt works,
6 m. S. W. Paderborn.
Solway Frith, large bay or arm of the sea be-
tween Scotland and the N. W. part of the county
of Cumberland. The mouth is in lon. 3° 26' W.
Lat. 54° 53' N.
Sombernon, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 13 m. VV.
Dijon.
Somers, t. Tolland co. Ct. 22 m. N. E. Hartford,
12 S. E. Springfield. Pop. 1,210.
Somers, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. N. E.
New- York. Pop. 1,782. It contains a pleasant
village, which is the principal cattle market for
'mm
s o M
the city of New -York. Here is a printing-offic*,
from which a weekly paper is issued.
Somers, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Somen Islands. See Bermudas.
Somersetshire, county, Eng. bounded N. by the
Bristol channel, and Gloucester co, E. by Wilt-
shire, S. E. by Dorsetshire, and S. and S. W. by
Devonshire. Pop. 303,180.
Somerset, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 40
m. S. by Quebec.
Somerset, co. Maine, on both sides of the Penob-
scot, bounded E. by Penobscot co. S. by Kenne-
beck CO. and W. by Oxford co. Pop. 12,910.
Chief town, Norridgewock.
Somerset, t. Windham co. Vt. 42 m. S. W.
Windsor. Pop. 199.
Somerset, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. on Taunton riv-
er, 13 m. S. Taunton, 42 S. Boston. Pop. 1,199.
Somerset, co. N.J. on Raritan river, bounded N.
by Morris co. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. S.
by Middlesex CO. and W. by Hunterdon co. Pop.
14,728. Chief town, Boundbrook.
Somerset, co. in the S. part of Pa. Pop. 11,284.
Somerset, p-t. borough, and cap. Somerset co.
Fa, 35 m. W. Bedford, 60 S. E. Pittsburg. Pop.
1,648.
Somerset, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,500.
Somerset, co. Md. bounded N. by Delaware, E.
by Worcester co. S. and W. by the waters of
Chesapeake bay, and N. W. by Dorchester co.
Pop. 17,195, including 6,795 slaves. Chief town,
Princess Ann.
Somerset, p-t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken. 12 m.
S. B. E. Stanford.
Somerset, p-t and cap. Periy co. Ohio, 18 m. S.
W. Zanesville. It contains about 60 dwelling-
houses.
Somerset, I. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
520.
Somerset, t. Jefferson co. Ohio.
Somersworth, t Strafford co. N. H. on the Pis-
cataqua, 1 1 m. N. Portsmouth. Pop. 878.
Somerlon, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 13 m. S.
WeUs, 123 W. London. Lon. T 43' W. Lat. 51"
S'N.
Somerville, p-v. Somerset co. N. J.
Somervilk, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Somerville, t. and cap. Clarke co. Alabama.
Sotnevoire, t. France, in Upper Marne, 15 m. H.
St Dizier.
Somino, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger.
Lon. 4° 48' W. Lat. 13° 11' N.
Somma, t. Naples, 10 m. E. Naples.
Somma, t. Popedom, 4 m. S. Spoleto.
Somme, r. France, which rises in Aisne, passes
by St. Quentin, Bray, Amieus, and Abbeville,
and runs into the English channel, 5 m. W. N. W.
St. Valery.
Somme, department of France, bounded N. by
the Straits of Calais, E. by Aisne, S. by Oise,
and W. Lower Seine and the English channel.
Amiens is the capital.
Sommeary, t. Persia, in Mekran, at the mouth
of a river which runs into the Arabian sea.
Sommerda, or Sommern, t. Saxonv, 11m. N. N.
E. Erfurt, 12 N. W. Weimar.
Sommerdyck, or Sommehdyke, or Zomerdyck, t.
Netherlands, and chief town of the island of Over-
flakee, 20 m. W. S. W. Dort, 10 W. Willemstat
Somerfeld, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
15 m. S. Crossen, 72 S. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,900.
Smnmershaxuen, t. Germany, on tlie Maine, 4
SON
m. S. Wurzbarg, 41 W. S. W. Bamberg. Lon;
10° 3' E. Lat 49" 45' N.
Sommieres, t. France, in Gard, 12 m. S. W.
Nismes, 15 N. E. Montpellier. Lon. 4° 11' E. Lat.
43" 47' N.
Somorrostro, t. Spain, in Biscay, on a bay of the
Atlantic. Here is a famous iron mine, which has
all the appearance of being alluvial, places that
had been worked centuries ago, being replete
with new ore. It h generally allowed that no
iron in Europe is so easy to fuse, or so soft as that
of Somorrostro. 13 m. N. W. Bilbao. Lon. 3° 7'
W. Lat 43° 19' N.
Soncino, t. Italy, on the Oglio, 8 m. E. N. E. Cre-
ma, 20 N. Cremona. Pop. 3,876.
Sonderborg, seaport, Denmark, on the S. coast
of the island of Alsen, with a royal palace, and
one of the best harbours in Denmark, 1 6 m. E. N.
E.Flensborg. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat 54" 57' N. Pop.
2,690.
Sondershausen, t. Germany, in the principality
of Swarzburg-Sondershausen, on the Wipper. On
an eminence without the town stands tlie palace,
where the ruling prince of the Sondershausen
line usually resides. 20 m. N. E. Mulhausen, 26
N. Erfurt Lon. 10° 57' E. Lon. 51° 22' N. Pop.
3,100,
Sondre Grvnd, or Bottomless, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, about 20 leagues in circumference. Lon.
148° W. Lat. 15" S.
Sondrio, or Sanders, t. Italy, on a small river
which runs into the Adda, 15 m. E. Chiavenna, 22
W. S, W. Bormio. Lon. 9° 50' E. Lat. 46" 6' N,
Pop. 3,515.
Sonepour, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the Mahanada,
38 m. S. Sumbulpour, 30 W. Boad. Lon. 83" 40'
E. Lat 20° 47' N.
Song-Kiang, city of China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-nan, near the sea, 560 m. S. Peking. Lon.
120" 44' E. Lat. 31° N.
Songia, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100°
30' E. Lat 2° 18' N.
Sonho, or Songo, or Sogno, a province of Con-
go, on the S. side of tlio Zayre, and on the W.
bounded by the Atlantic. It is large and popu-
lous. The chief trade is in slaves and elejihants'
teeth. The inhabitants profess themselves chris-
tians of the church of Rome.
Sonho, t. Congo, and cap. of the above prov-
ince, on a small river, about a mile from the
Zayre. Lon. 13° 30' E. Lr.t. 7" 30' S.
Sonneherg, t Austria, 22 m, N. W. Vienna.
Lon. 16° 2' £. Lat. 48° 29' N.
Sonneburg, t. Prussian States, on a small river
which runs into the Warta, 10 m. E. S. E. Cos-
trin. Lon. 14" 58' E. Lat. 52° 37' N.
Sonrienburg, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nas-
sau, 2 m. N. E. Wisbaden.
Sonnenhurg, t Prussian States, in Branden-
burg, on the Lenza, 7 m. E. Custrin, 18 N. N. E.
Frankfort on the Oder, Lon. 14" 58' E. Lat 52"
37' N.
Sonnenstein, fortress. Saxony, in Meissen, near
Pima.
Sonnewalde, t. Prussian States, in Branden-
burg, 10 m. S. Luckau, 48 S. Berlin. Lon. 13" 38'
E. Lat 51° 40' N. Pop. 700.
Sonora, an intendency of Mexico, on the E.
coast of the gulf of California. Area, 146,035 sq.
miles. Pop. in 1803, 121,400.
Sonthofen, or Sunthofen, t. Bavaria, in Upper
Danube, 56 m. S. Augsburg, 18 W.Fuessen. E^[)p.
2,400.
S O R
Sontra, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Wohra, 28 m. S. Cassel, 22 W. S. W. Mulhausen.
Lon. 9"' 58' E. Lat. 31° 5' N. Pop. 850.
Sonwary, t. Hind, in Gugerat, 21 m. S. Surat
Sooha, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger.
Lon. 4" 52' W. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Sooloo, one of the Philippine islands in the E.
Indian sea, about 30 miles long, and 10 broad,
containing 60,000 inhabitants, who are Malays.
The island produces a great variety of fruit, and
the teak tree is found in great abundance. Many
Chinese live on the island, and carry on great
trade. At Sooloo, and many neighbouring islands,
the pearl fishery has been carried on for ages, and
is the principal source ol their wealth. The do-
minions of Sooloo extend over the principal part
of the archipelago of islands between Borneo and
Mindanao, called the Sooloo Archipelago, and
even on the N. coast of Borneo. Their religion is
Mahometan. The English East-India company
have an agent in this island. Lon. 119° E. Lat.
6°N.
Sootiam, or Surinam^ t. Hind, in Delhi, 136 m.
W. N. W. Delhi. Lon. 73° 31' E. Lat. 29° 57' N.
Soonamooky, t. Bengal, 13 m. N. Bissunpour.
Lon. 87° 33' E. Lat. 23° 18' N.
Soonda, country, Hind, between Canara and
Concan, about 40 miles from N. to S. and 30 from
E. to VV.
Soopour, i. Hind, in Oude, 46 m. N. N. E. Goor-
acpour. Lon. 84° 13' E. Lat. 27° 20' N.
Soar, or Shoor^ name given to the river Indus,
between Attock and Moultan.
Soorangur, t. Hind, in Orissa, near the river
Mahanada, 200 m. E. Nagpour, 275 W. Calcutta.
Soorma, r. Asia, which runs into the Burram-
pooter, near Sunerampour, in Bengal.
Sooroot, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 108" 36'
E. Lat. 2° 45' N.
Soorore, circar of Bengal, bounded on the N.
E. and S. by Cossimpour and Dinagepour, and on
the W. by Rajemal. Bydell is the chief town.
Soory, t. Bengal, 7 m. E. Nagore. Lon. 87° 38'
E. Lat. 23° 53' N.
Soosoohoonam, kingdom, Java, on the S. side of
the island, formerly extending to the N. coast. Jo-
lo is the capital.
Soothill, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. W. Wake-
field.
Sooty, t. Bengal, 27 m. N. Moorshedabacl. Lon.
88° 1 1' E. Lat. 24° 25' N.
Sophia, or Sojia, city, Eu. Turkey, and cap. of
Bulgaria, the see of a Greek archbishop. 280 m.
W. N. W. Constantinople, 164 W. N. W. Adrian-
ople. Lon. 23° 14' E. Lat. 42" 56' N. Pop.
46,000.
S(yphiai, t. Russia, 16 m. S. S. E. Petersburg.
Sophiasburg, t. Prince Edward co. Upper Can-
ada, on the bay of Quint.
Sophienberg, t. Denmark, in the island of Zeal-
and, 13 m. N. Copenhagen.
Soppau, t. Silesia, 5 m. N. Jagerndorf.
Sora, t. Naples, in Lavora, the see of a bishop,
31 m. N. N. W. Sezza, 60 N. W. Naples. Lon.
13° 36' E. Lat. 41° 47' N.
6'ar, or Sohr, v. Bohemia, 6 m. S. W. Traute-
sau.
Sorau, or Zyory, t. Silesia, 18 m. E. Ratibor, 21
N. Teschen. Lon. 18° 40' E. Lat. 50° 1' N. Pop.
3,500.
Sorow, or Zarorv, t. Prussian States, in Bran-
denburg, 25 m. S. S. E. Guben, 8 W. Sagan. Lon.
15"" 10' E. Lat 5 1° 37' N. Pop. 3,500.
SOT
701
Sorboe, small isl. near the coast of Norway.
Lat. 59° 5' N.
Sorbon, or Sorbonne, v. France, in Ardennes, 6
m. N. Rethel.
Sorcery'' s Island, small isl. off the W. coast of Af-
rica, near the mouth of the river Grande.
Sorde, or Sordes, t. France, in Landes, 9 m. E.
Bayonne, 4 S. Dax.
Sore], seigniory, Richelieu and Surrey coun-
ties, Lower Canada, at the confluence of the riv-
er Sorel with the St. Lawrence, 40 m. N. E.Mon-
treal. The town of Sorel, or William Henry, is
regularly laid out ; the streets intersect each oth-
er at right angles, leaving a central square of
more than 500"feet on each side. It contains about
150 dwelling-houses, and 1,500 inhabitants.
Sorel, Richelieu, or Chambly, r. Lower Cana-
da, forming the outlet of lake Champlain. It
flows north, and joins the St. Lawrence at Sorel,
40 miles below Montreal. It is remarkable for
being narrower at its mouth than at its source.
At its mouth it is 250 yards wide, which it pre-
serves up to the basin of Chambly ; from Cham-
bly to the isle du Portage it is 500 yards wide ;
beyond this it spreads to double that width, and
continues to widen still more up to St. John's,
whence there is a ship navigation to the towns on
lake Champlain. From Lake Champlain to the
basin the current is strong, and in some places
broken by rapids, and the ascent is laborious.
From the basin to the St. Lawrence, the current
is regular and gentle. Numerous boats and rafts,
loaded with pot and pearl ashes, and flour, are
continually descending this river in summer.
Sorento, or Sorrento, seaport, Naples, in Prin-
cipata Citra ; the see of an archbishop. It is on
a hill, rising from the sea-shore, between two
lofty mountains. It was anciently adorned with
several magnificent temples, among which were
those of Juno, Diana, and Hercules. The situ-
ation of the town is delightful. It was the native
place of the renowned Torquato Tasso. 15 m. S.
Naples. Lon. 14° 24' E. Lat. 40" 40' N. Pop. 4,124.
Sorgue, r. France, which runs into the Rhone
by several mouths, near Avignon.
Soria, t. Spain, in Old Castile, near the source
oftheDuero. 116 m. N. N. E. Madrid, 70 W.
Saragossa. Lon. 2" 25' W. Lat. 41° 47' N.
Soroe, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 8
m. W. Slaglese, 35 S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11°
30' E. Lat. 55° 27' N.
Soroe, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat.
70° 30' N.
Sorsele, t. Swedish Lapland, 105 m. W. Pitea.
Lon. 17° 20' E. Lat. 65° 33' N.
Sort, seaport, Africa, in Tripoli, on the gulf of
Sidra. Lon. 16" 55' E. Lat. 30° 28' N.
Sosnitza, t. Russia, 32 m. S. S. W. Novgorod
Sieverskoi. Lon. 32° 46' E. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Sosnovskoi, t. Russia, in Kolivan. Lon. 85° 44'
E. Lat. 55° 50' N.
Sospello, t. Sardinian States, the see of a bish-
op, 10 m. N. E. Nice, 7 N. W. Vintimiglia. Pop.
2,990.
Sosti, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 10 m. S.
Squillace.
Sosva, r. Russia, 'which runs into lake Phelim,
in lon. 63° 54' E. lat. 59° 15' N.
Sosznizowits, or Saszinkowits, t. Silesia, 35 m.
S. E. Oppeln, 17 N. E. Ratibor. Lon. 18° 28' E.
Lat. 50° 14' N.
Sotello, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 30 m. S, Bur-
gos.
702
SOU
Sottttille, t. France, on the S. side of the Seine,
3 m. S. Rouen.
Souady, or Sohar, small isl. in the Arabian sea,
near the coast of Oman. Lat. 24° 14' N.
Soudah, desert, Africa, between Tripoli and
Fezzan.
Soudan. See Negroland.
Sovel^ small isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
coast of Ton quin. Lon. 105" 42' E. Lat. 11° 2' N.
Soulaines, t. France, in Aube, 27 m. E. Troyes.
Soulange, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada,
on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 28 m. W.
Montreal.
Soulls, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 8 m. N. N.
E. Haguenau.
Soumensao, t. France, in Lot-and- Garonne, 7
m. N. W. Lausun. Lon. 0" 27' E. Lat. 44° 41' N.
Sound, or Oresound, the strait, or narrow sea
between Denmark and Sweden, through which
vessels pass out of the North sea into the Baltic.
Soune, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 10" 57' N.
Souprosse, t France, in Landes, 6 m. S. E.
Tartas. 10 S. W. Montde Marsan.
Sour. See Hamza Burg,
Sour, r. Germany, which runs into the Mo-
selle, 3 m. above Treves.
Soura, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
Soure, 7 m. S. S. E. Montemor o Velho.
Sourahaya, t. on the N. coast of Java, on a riv-
er navigable up to the town for vessels of 100 tons
burthen. The Chinese formerly carried on a
considerable trade here. Lat. 7° 1 1' S.
Souri, t. Persia, in Laristan, on the Persian
gulf, 38 m. S. W. Ormus.
Sousel, t. Portugal, in Aleatejo, 6 m. N. N. W.
Estremoz.
Sou-lcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-nan, on a river which communicates with
the lake Tai. It is one of the most beautiful and
agreeable cities of the whole empire. The bro-
cades and embroideries made here are in great
request throughout China. 562 m. S. S. E. Pe-
king. Lon. 120° E. Lat. 31" 22' N.
Souler, r. Missouri, which runs into the N. side
of Missouri river.
Souihttker Ledge, reef of rocks near the S. coast
of Labrador. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 50° 5' N.
Southam, t. Eng. in Warwick, 10 m. E. War-
wick, 83 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 22' W. Lat. 52°
18' N.
South Amboy, t. Middlesex co. N. J. at the
mouth of Raritan river, opposite Amboy. Pop.
3,071.
Southampton, seaport, Eng. in Hants, at the un-
ion of two rivers, which run into a bay of the
English channel, called Southampton Water.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade
with Portugal for wine and fruit, as likewise with
the islands of Guernsey and Jersey. Here are
manufactures of silk and carpets. It sends two
membei-s to the British parliament. Packets sail
regularly in time of peace, from Southampton to
Cherburg. 23 m. S. E. Salisbury, 75 S. W. Lon-
don. Lon. r 24' W. Lat. 50° 54' N. Pop. 9,617.
Southampton Water, or Trissanton Bay, bay of
the English channel, on the coast of Hampshire,
Eng. Lon. 1° 1' W. Lat. 50" 48' N.
Southampton, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 16 m. S.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 427.
Southampton, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. S. W.
Northampton. In this town there is a lead mine,
SOU
the ore of which is rich, yielding from 50 to 60
per cent of pure metal. Pop. 1,171.
Southampton, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long Island, N.
y. 98 m. E. New York. It is divided into 4 parish-
es, Westhampton, Southampton, Bridgehampton,
and Sag harbor, in each of which is a post office.
Pop- 3,899; in 1820,4,318.
Southampton, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 700.
Southampton, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,060.
Southampton, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 932.
Southampton, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 739.
Southampton, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 455.
Southampton, co. in the S. E. part of Va. in-
closed by N. Carolina, and the counties of Sussex,
Surry, Isle-of- Wight, Nansemond, and Greens-
ville. Pop. 13,497, including 6,406 slaves. Chief
town, Jerusalem.
South Bay, an arm of lake Champlain, which
extends from the S. end of the lake in a S. W. di-
rection.
South Bay, bay on the S. coast of Long Island,
between Hempstead and Southampton.
South Berwick. See Bencick, South.
Southborough, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. E.
Worcester, 28 W. Boston, Pop. 926.
Southbridge, t. Worcester co. Mass.
South Brimjield, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 19 m.
E. Springfield. Pop. 645.
Southbury, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. on the E.
side of the Housatonnuc, 40 m. S. W. Hartford.
Pop. 1,413. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Con-
gregationalists, and 1 for Methodists.
South Cape, cape on the S. extremity of New
Holland. Lon. 146° 56' E. Lat 43° 42' S.
South East, p-t. Putnam co. N. Y. 18 m. E.
West Point. Pop. 1,887.
South End, v. Eng. in Essex, 42 m. E. Lon-
don.
Southern States, the part of the United States
which lies on the Atlantic, S. of Potomac river :
viz. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Geoi^ia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Lou-
isiana.
South-Esk, r. Scotland, which runs into the
German sea a little below Montrose. Lon. 2" 25'
W. Lat. 56° 40' N.
South Farms, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct.
Soutbjitld, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 26 m. S. E.
Lenox. Pop. 147. Sandisfield is now united
with it.
Southjield, t. and cap. Richmond co. N. Y. on
the S. side of Staten Island, 12 m. S. New York.
Pop. 1,007. In this town are the fortifications for
the defence of New York. It contains also the
village of Richmond, the capital of the county.
South Frankfort. See Frankfort, Kentucky.
South Gasconade, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
South-Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the
E. bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. S. E. North-
ampton, 12 N. Springfield. Pop. 902. The ob-
structions to the navigation of the Connecticut at
this place, have been surmounted by a wooden
dam across the river, 1,100 feet long, and 4i feet
high, and a canal 712 perches long, and 17 feet
wide at the bottom, with 5 locks near the lower
end, overcoming a fall of nearly 50 feet. About
one third of the whole length of the canal is cut
through a solid rock ten feet deep, and near the
locks ifor a distance of 300 feet, to the depth of 40
feet.
South Haven Point, promontory on the coast of
Dorsetshire, in the English channel, at the en-
trance into Pool harbour.
sou
South Head, cape on the N. E. coast of New-
Holland. Lon. 108° 17' W. Lat. 24° 2" S.
South Hero, p-t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on Grand
Isle in Lake Champlain, 12 m. N. \V. Burlington.
Pop. 826.
South Hill, p-v. Muhlenburg co. Va.
Southington, p-v. Hartford co. Ct. 18 m. S. W.
Hartford/ 21 N. New-Haven. Pop. 1,807. It
contains 3 churches, 1 each for Congregational-
ists, Episcopalians, and Baptists.
Southington, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 9 m. N. W.
Warren.
South Island, isl. in the Indian sea, near the E.
coast of Madae:ascar. Lon. 50° 20' E. Lat. 17° S.
South Island, isl. in the strait of Saleyer, near
iheS. coast of the island of Celebes. Lon. 120° 51'
E. Lat. 5° 45' S.
South Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
S. W. coast of the island of Boutton. Lon. 122°
50' E. Lat. 5" 42° S.
South Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 141°
20' E. Lat. 24" 22' N.
South Kingston, p-t. and cap. Washington co.
R. I. on the sea-coast, at the entrance of Narra-
ganset bay, 30 m. S. W. Providence. Pop. 3,560.
In this town is the village of Little Rest.
Southminster, t. Eug. in Essex, 11 m. S.E. Mai-
don.
Southmolton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the river
Mole, which runs into the Tau, 1 1 m. E. Barnsta-
ble, 186 W. London. Lon. 4° W. Lat. 51° 3' N.
South Mountain. See Blue Ridge.
Southold,t. Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie.
Southold, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long-Island, N. Y.
100 m. E. New York. It includes the islands.
Plumb, Great and Little Gull, Fisher's, Rom,
and Robbin's. It is divided into three pai'ishes,
Cutchoque, Southold, and Oyster Ponds. Pop.
2,613 ; in 1820, 2,954.
South Point, cape at the S. extremity of Bar-
badoes. Lon. 56° 23' W. Lat. 13" N.
South ^uay, p-v. and port of entty, Nansemond
CO. Va. Amount of shipping in 1816, 90 tons.
South River, r. Md. which runs into Chesa-
peake bay 6 m. S. Annapolis.
South Salem, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m.
N. by E. New York. Pop. 1,566.
South- Sea Castle, fortress, Eng. in Hants, about
a mile from Portsmouth.
South West Cape, cape on the S. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 146° 7' E. Lat. 43° 37' S.
South West Point. See Kingston, Tennessee.
Southwark, or the Borough of Southwark, Eng.
in Surry, on the right side of the Thames, oppo-
site the city of London, to which it may be con-
sidered as a suburb. It contains 4 parishes, and
was governed by its own bailiffs till the year 1327.
There are several prisons in Southwark, and two
hospitals; that of St. Thomas and Guy's. Ship-
building is carried on here to a great extent, and
there are a vast number of iron founderies, glass-
houses, &c. in the vicinity. It sends two mem-
bers to parliament. Pop. in 1801, 67,448.
Southwell, t. Eng. in Nottingham co. 12 m. N.
E. Nottingham, 135 N. London. Lon. 0° 5i5' W.
Lat. 58° 5' N. Pop. 2,674.
Southwick, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 9 m. S. W.
Springfield. Pop. 1,229.
Southwold, seaport, Eng. in Suffolk, on a point
of land at the mouth of the river Blythe, in a bay
of the German ocean. It is fortified with two
batteries. The bay, vulgarly called Soiebay, is
SPA
703
remarkable for the famous fight in the year 1666,
between the English fleet of 114 men of war and
frigates, and the Dutch fleet of 103 men of war,
in which the latter were defeated. 35 m. N. E.
Ipswich, 104 N. E. London. Lon. 1° 39' E. Lat.
52°20'N. Pop. 1,054.
Southwold, t. Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie.
Sow, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 3 m. E.
Stafford.
Sow, r. Eng. which runs inio the Avon, 4 m. N.
Warwick.
Sow and Pigs, rocks in the German sea, near
the E. coast of England, 3 ra. E. N. E. Blythe,
Lon. 1°12' W. Lat. 55° 9' N.
Sowerby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Hali-
fax.
Sowhegan, r. N. H. which joins the Merrimack,
in the town of Merrimack.
Soyland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3m.S. S. W. Hal-
ifax.
Soyolla, isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 59° 38' E. Lat.
14° 2' N.
Soz, T. Russia, which runs into the Dnieper, 16
m. S. Bilitzi.
Spa, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on a small river
which runs into the Ourte, and is celebrated for
its mineral waters. During the water-drinking
season, the town is furnished like a fair with a
variety of toys, &c. There are beautiful and
healthful rides on every side, with great variety
of pleasant and romantic walks. For evening di-
versions there are public rooms for assemblies ev-
ery night, and balls two or three times a week.
16 m. S. E. Liege, 21 E. Huy. Lon. 5° 50' E. Lat.
50°31'N. Pop. 2, 106.
Spafford, t. Onondago co. N. Y. on Skeneateles
lake, 13 m. S. Onondaga.
Spain, a country, Europe, bounded N. by the
Atlantic ocean, E. by France, from which it is
separated by the Pyrenees ; S. E. and S. by the
Mediterranean, the straits of Gibraltar, and the
Atlantic ; and W. by Portugal and the Atlantic.
Its greatest extent from N. to S. is 460 miles ;
from E. to W. in the northern part, about 520. It
is at present divided into fourteen provinces, Na-
varre, Biscay, and Asturias to the N. ; to the W.
are Galicia and Estremadura ; to the S. Upper
and Lower Andalusia ; to the E. Valencia, Ara-
gon, and Catalonia ; and in the middle, Leon and
Old and New Castile. Area, 148,000 sq. miles.
Pop. 10,400,000. The soil in many parts is fer-
tile, especially in the provinces on the Mediter-
ranean, and produces the olive, the vine, figs,
lemons, and various kinds of grain in abundance.
The northern and central provinces contain mil-
lions of merino sheep. The principal manufac-
ture is silk. The exports are silk, wool, wine",
figs, raisins, lemons, &c. The imports are gold
and silver from Mexico and Peru, hardware fi-oni
England, and fish from Newfoundland. The gov-
ernment till recently was an absolute monarchy.
The king is now limited by the cortes, or states
of the kingdom. The navy in 1808, consisted of
218 sail, of which 42 wore of the line.
The Spaniards are bigoted Catholics. The in-
quisition was in full force for three centuries, but
has recently been abolished. In 1764, the num-
ber of cathedrals was 108 ; monasteries 2,052,
containing 67,777 monks; nunneries 1,028, con-
taining 34,651 nuns; colleges 312; hospital?
2,008. By a decree of the government in 1820,
however, all the monasteries of the order of friars.
704
SPA
S P I
and of canonical congregations, all the eonveats
and colleges of the military orders, and hospital-
lers of whatever class, were suppressed, and their
revenues appropriated to the suppoi't of the pub-
lic credit.
Spaitla, (an. Sufetela,) t. Africa, in Tunis, one
of the most remarkable places in Barbary, for
the extent and magnificence of its ruins, 110 m.
S. W. Tunis, 120 S. S. E. Bona. Lon. 9" 10' E,
Lat. 35° 10' i\.
Spalalro, seaport, Dalmalia, on a peninsula;
the see of an archbishop. The harbor is large
and deep, and well frequented by foreign vessels.
Lon. 16" 45' E. Lat 43" 22' N.
Spalding, t. England, in Lincolnshire, on the
Welland, which is navigable for vessels of 50 or
60 tons to the town ; 23 m. E. Lynn, 100 N. Lon-
don. Lon. 0" 7' VV. Lat. 52" 47' N.
Spaltnadori, small isl. in the Grecian archipe-
lago, between the island of Scio and the continent
of Asia. Lon. 26" 7' E. Lat. 38° 36' N.
Spalt, t. Germany, 16 m. E. S. E. Anspach.
Lon. 10" 52' E. Lat. 49° 7' N.
Spandau, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, on
the Havel, at its union with the Spree. In 1 806,
it was taken by the French. 1 1 m. N. E. Pots-
dam, 8 W. Berlin. Lon. 13° 11' E, Lat. 52°33'N.
Pop. 6,000.
Spangenbergy t. Hesse-Cassel, 17 m. S. E. Cas-
sel, 17 E. Fitzlar. Lon. 9° 36' E. Lat. 51° 8' N.
Pop. 1,200.
Spanish Bay, bay on the N. coast of the island
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60" 10' W. Lat. 46° 15' N.
Spanish groves, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Spanish Main, that part of the Atlantic ocean,
which washes the N. part of South America,
from the Leeward islands to the isthmus of Da-
rien. The term is also applied to the coast.
Spanish Point, cape on the N. E. coast of the
island of St. Vincent. Lon. 61° 12' W. Lat. 13°
24' N.
Spanish Town, or St. Jago de la Vega, seaport
of Jamaica, capital of the island, on the river Co-
bre, 6 m. from the sea. Lon. 76" 44' W, Lat. 18°
1' N. Pop. 5,000.
Spark^s island, small isl. in the bay of Hondu-
ras, at the mouth of the river Roman. Lon. 86°
5' W. Lat. 15" 54' N.
Sparta, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W. Ca-
nandaigua. Pop. 1,397.
Sparta, p-t. Sussex co. N. J.
Sparta, p-t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo. 25 m. N.
E. Milledgeville, 64 S. W. Augusta. Pop. 314.
It contains a court-house and jail, a Methodist
church, and 2 academies.
Sparta, p-t. and cap. White co. West Tennessee.
Spartanburg, district, S. C. Pop. 14,259, in-
cluding 2,391 slaves.
Spartanburg, p-t. and cap. Spartanburg dis-
trict, S. C. 35 m. N. E. Greenville.
Spartavento Cape, Italy, at the S. E. extremity
of Calabria Ultra. Lon. 16° 48' E. Lat. 37° 57' N.
Spartel, Cape, (an. Ampelusia,') Africa, the S.
oape at the entrance of the straits of Gibraltar.
Lon. 5° 57' W. Lat. 35" 46' N.
Spask, t. Russia, in Kazan, on the Volga, 40 m.
S. Kazan. Lon. 49" 14' E. Lat. 55" N.
Spask, t. Russia, in Tambov, 92 m. N. N. E.
Tambov. Lon. 42" 58' E. Lat. 54° 2' N.
Spask, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oka, 32 m.
E. S. E. Riazan. Lon. 39" 50' E. Lat. 54° 32' N.
Spaskoi, t. Russia, in Kolivan. Lon. 86° 14' E.
Lat. 55° 38' N.
Spean, r. Scotland, which forms a communica-
tion between Loch Laggan and Loch Lochy.
Specia, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, at the
entrance of the gulf of Napoli. Lon. 23" 23' E.
Lat. 37° 15' N.
Speckfeld, t. Germany, 26 m. S. W. Bamberg,
18 E. Wurzburg.
Speckhaven, harbor on the W. coast of West
Greenland. Lon. 49° 40' W. Lat. 64" N.
Speedsville, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y.
Speedwell nulls, p-v. Barnwell district, S. C.
Speicher, v. Switzerland, in Appenzell, 8 m. N.
W. Appenzell.
Speigletown, v. in Schaghticoke, N. Y.
Speight's Town, seaport, Barbadoes, on the W.
coast, near the N. part of the island, Ibrmerly
much frequented; but most of the trade is now
removed to Bridge Town. Lon. 58° 31' W. Lat.
13" 15' N. Pop. 5,000.
Spello, t. Popedom, anciently Hispellum, and
Colonia Julia Hispella, 10 m. S. W. Nocera.
Spencer, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 12 m W. Wor-
cester, 51 W. Boston. Pop. 1,453.
Spencer, p-t. and cap. Tioga co. N. Y. 50 m. S.
E. Bath, 45 W. Chenango, 190 W. by S. Albany.
Pop. 3,128.
Spencer, co. Indiana.
Spencer, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Spencertmm., p-t. Columbia co. N. Y.
Spene, or Speenham Land, t. England, in Berk-
shire, a suburb of Newbury, to which it is joined.
Spey, r. Scotland, which rises in the loch of that
name, and runs into the North sea, in the frith of
Murrav, 3 m. N. W. Fochabers, in lon. 2° 59' W.
lat. 57° 40' N.
Speymouth, t. Scotland, in Murray, on the left
bank of the Spey, 3 m. from the frith of Murray,
8 E. Elgin.
Spezza, or Spetia, seaport, Sardinian states, on
a gull of the Mediterranean, to which it gives
name, 33 m. S. E. Genoa, 35 N. N. W. Pisa. Lon.
9" 40' E. Lat. 44° 9' N. Pop. 4,000.
Spicheroeg, small isl. in the German sea, near
the coast of Friesland. Lon. 7° 32' E. Lat. 52"
43' S.
Spiegelberg, t. Hanover, 21 m. S. W. Hanover,
10 E. Hameln.
Spielberg, t. Germany, 13 m. S. S. E. Anspach.
Lon. 10° 13' E. Lat. 49" 3' N.
Spiets, t. Switz. in Berne, 25 m. S. S. E. Berne,
27 S. E. Friburg. Lon. 7° 33' E. Lat. 46° 41' N.
Spilsby, t. Ecgland, in Lincoln, 17 m. N. Bos-
ton, 132 N. London. Lon. 0° 5' E. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Spinalonga, seaport, of Candia, with a good
harbor, 30 m. E. Candia. Lon. 25° 42' E. Lat.
35° 13' N.
Spire, city. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, on the
Spirebach, which runs into the Rhine, about 500
paces below. It contains a cathedral, 3 collegiate
churches, and several convents, besides two Lu-
theran churches. 12 m. S. W. Heidelberg, 50 N.
N. E. Strasburg. Lon. 8" 30' E. Lat. 49° 18' N.
Pop. 6,000.
Spiritu Santo, or Espiritu Santo, seaport of
Brazil, in the government of Rio Janeiro, on the
S. side of a large bay, about 3 leagues from the
ocean. Lat. 20" 8' S.
Spiritu Santo, r. Mexico, which runs into tlie
Pacific ocean, in lon. 106" 40' W. lat. 23° N.
Spiritu Santo Bay, called also Tampa y Bay, and
Hillsborough Bay, a large bay on the W, coast of
Florida. Lon. 82" 45' W. Lat. 28" N.
Spiritu Santo Islands, or ^ndron, inlands to the
S P R
S P R
705
S. W. of the Bahamas ; the largest about 40 miles
long and 8 broad. Lon. 77° to 78" 15' W. Lat.
24" to 25" 12' N.
Spithead, a road for the navy of England, be-
tween Portsmouth and the isle of Wight.
Spitzbergen, or East Greeiiland, isl. in the Fro-
zen sea. The sun never sets for three months,
June, July, and August ; for the rest of the year
it is hardly seen, light being chiefly produced by
the Aurora Borealis. On the coasts are found
whales, sea-dogs, sea-cows, and sea-lions, with
other marine and amphibious animals. It is unin-
habited, but the coasts are frequented for the pur-
pose of catching whales. Lon. 6" to 16" E. Lat.
76° 30' to 79" 40' JNf.
Splitrock, p-v. Essex co. N. Y. See Essex, N. Y.
Spoleto, city of the Popedom, and capital of
Umbria, or the duchy of Spoleto, the see of a bish-
op, and contains 22 churches, 21 convents, and 17
hermitages. Here are several ruins, the chief of
which are a triumphal arch, an aqueduct, and au
amphitheatre. 90 m. S. Florence, 53 N. Rome.
Lon. 12° 48' E. Lat. 42° 45' N. Pop. 7,000.
Spoleto, Duchy of, a province of the Popedom,
bounded N. by the Perugiano and the duchy of
Urbino, E. by the marquisate of Ancona, S. by
Abruzzo Ultra and the Sabina, and VV. by the Or-
vietan and Patrimonio. It was anciently called
Umbria.
Sponheim, t. Germany, 27 m. W. Mentz, 46 E.
Treves. Lon. 7° 40' E. Lat. 49° 54' N.
Sponheim, or SpanJieim, formerly a county of
Germany, between the Rhine and the Moselle.
The principal towns were Cruetznach, Sponheim,
and "Traarbach.
Spoon, r. Illinois, which runs into the Illinois
from the N. W. 130 miles above its mouth. It is
navigable for small craft 150 miles.
Sparling's Island, small isl. near the coast of
New Zealand, N. E. of Gable End Foreland.
Sporlivoi, Js'os, cape, Russia, on the S. coast of
Nova Zembla. Lon. 60° 34' E. Lat. 70° 30' N.
Spotico, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 6 m.
W. S. W. Paros. Lon. 25° 12' E. Lat. 36" 59' N.
Spotland, t. England, in Lancashire, 1 m. N.
Rochdale.
Spolswood, V. Middlesex co. N. J. near the W.
side of South river, which runs into the Raritan.
It is well situated for manufactures, and contains
a powder-mill and 2 snuff-mills. 9 m. S. E. Bruns-
wick, 10 W. by S. Middletown point.
Spotsylvania, co. Va. inclosed by the Rappa-
hannock, and the counties of Caroline, Hanover,
Louisa, and Orange. Pop. 13,296, including
7,135 slaves. At the court-house is a post-oSice.
Spotted Island, isl. off the coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55° 20' W. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Spotted tavern, p-v. Stafford co. Va.
Spread Eagle, p-v. Delaware co. Pa.
Spree, f>r Sprehe, r. which rises on the frontiers of
Bohemfla, and after passing by Berlin, joins the
Havel at Spandau.
Sprcmberg, or Sprehemherg, or Grodk, t. Prussian
states, in Brandenburg, on the Spree, 29 m. S. S.
W. Guben, 42 N. N. E. Dresden. Lon. 14° 25' E.
Lat. 51" 32' N. Pop. 2,100.
Spremont, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 13 m. S. E.
Liege, 5 N. W. Spa.
Sprigg, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,664.
Spring, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,550.
Spring, r. Missouri, which runs into the west
side of the Big Black, a branch of White river.
Spring creek, r. Vigo co. Illinois, which runs into
89
the E. side of the Wabash, above Fort Harrison.
Springe, or Hallerspringe, t. Hanover, iu Ca-
lenberg, 12 m. E. Hameln. Pop. 1,300.
Springfield, t. Kings co. New Brunswick, on
Belleisle bay.
Springjield, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 29 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 814.
Springjield, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on Connecti-
cut river, 13 m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,556.
Springfield, p-t. and cap. Hampden co. Mass.
on the E. side of Connecticut river, 18 m. S.
Northampton, 24 N. Hartford, 47 W. S. W. Wor-
cester, 87 W. Boston. Pop. in 1820, 3,970. It ia
a beautiful and flourishing town, and contains a
court-house, jail, bank, the principal armory of
the United States, and 2 Congregational church-
es, with many spacious and elegant private hous-
es. A flourishing inland trade is carried on, and
here are several manufacturing establishments,
among which are an extensive manufactory
of paper of a very superior quality, and a large
establishment for the manufacture of hollow ware.
There is a bridge over the Connecticut, at this
place, 1,234 feet long, and 30 feet broad. It was
partly carried away in 1818, by a freshet, but has
since been rebuilt.
The situation of the armory is remarkably
pleasant and healthy, being a perfectly level
elevated plat, situated about half a mile east
of the village. The buildings are arranged on
a huge square, and consist of one brick edifice
204 feet by 32, 2 stories high, occupied by lock
filers, stockers, and finishers ; a brick forging shop,
150 feet by 32 ; a brick building 60 feet by 32,
2 stories high, the second story forming a large
and spacious hall devoted to religious worship ; a
brick building 100 feet by 40, and 2 stories high,
used as a depository of arms ; and numerous
smaller stores and shops, for the accommodation
of the establishment.
The water works are situated on Mill river,
about 1 mile south of the arsenal, in 3 different
sites, called the Upper, Middle, and Lower Water
shops, the whole comprising 5 workshops, 28 for-
ges, 10 trip-hammers, 18 water-wheels, 9 coal-
houses, 3 stores, and 5 dwelling-houses, and ex-
hibiting the greatest assemblage of mills, and
other water- works, to be found in the State.
In this establishment are employed from 240 to
250 workmen, who complete, on an average,
about 45 muskets daily, and the number may be
increased to almost any extent. The water priv-
ileges already owned by the United States will
warrant the extension to 30,000 stands annually.
From 1795 to December 1817, there had been
completed in this manufactory, 128,559 new mus-
kets, and 1,202 new carbines, and 45,790 muskets
had been repaired. The wliole expenditure du-
ring the snme period, including the first cost of
the establishment, was $1,820,120.
Springfield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. N. Coop-
erstown, 58 W. Albany. Pop. 1,846. It contains
3 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Congrega-
tionalists, and Baptists.
Springfield, t. Burlington co. N. J. 10 m. from
Burlington, 18 from Trenton. Pop. 1,500. It
contains 3 meeting-houses for Quakers, and an
academy.
Springfield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 15 m. S. W.
New York. Pop. 2,360.
Springfield, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,287.
Sprins field, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 541.
Springfield, t. Huntingdon co. Fa. Pop. 751.
im
s Q u
Springjield, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop. 813.
Springjield, t. Montgomery co. Pa. N. of Ger-
mantown. Pop. 550.
Springjield, p-v, Hampshire co. Va. on the S.
branch of the Potomac, 10 m. N. E. Romney, 60
W. N. W. Wmchester.
Springjield, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Springjield, t. and cap. Effingham co. Geo.
Springjield, t. St. Helena parish, Louisiana, 30
m.N. WTMadisonviUe.
Springjield, p-t. and cap. Robeson co. West
Tennessee, on Sulphur fork, 25 m. N. Nashville.
Pop. 200.
Springjield, p-t. Washington co. Ken. 30 m. N.
W. Danville. Pop. 249. Here is a bank. Two
miles from Springfield, is a college under the di-
rection of the Catholics. The college building
is of brick, 2 stories high.
Springjield, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Ohio, 13 m.
S. Urbanna. Pop. in 1819, 1,695.
Springjield, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Springjield, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 7 m. N. W. Gal-
lipolis. Pop. in 1815, 300.
Springjield, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 m. N.
Cincinnati.
Springjield, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 18 m. W.
Steuben ville.
Springjield, t. Montgomery co. Ohio.
Springfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. S. W.
Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 400.
Springjield. See Putnam, Ohio.
Springjield, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Springjield, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, op-
posite Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,353.
Springhill, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the E. side of
the Monongahela, 16 m. S. W. Union. Pop.
1,837.
Springhill, p-v. Fauquier co. Va.
Springhill, p-v. Louisa co. Va.
Springhill, t. Clarke co. Indiana. Pop. 1,114.
Springplace, Moravian settlement among the
Cherokees, 35 m. S. E. Brainerd, 129 N. W. Ath-
ens, Geo.
Springtoum, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.
Springville, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa.
Springvilk, t. Clarke co. Indiana. Pop. 1 ,222.
Springwaier, t. Ontario co. N. Y.
Sprod, small isl. Denmark, in the Great Belt, 8
m. N. W. Corsoer. Lon. 10° 59' E. Lat. 55° 22' xV.
Sprottau, t. Silesia, on a river of the same name,
at its conflux with the Bober, 21 m. W. S. W. Glo-
gau, 9 E. S. E. Sagan. Lon. 15" 32' E. Lat. 51"
32' iV. Pop. 2,600.
Spry Harbor, bay on the S. E. coast of Nova
Scvtia. Lon. 62° 40' W. Lat. 44° 42' N.
Spurn Head, cape, England, at the S. E. ex-
tremity of Yorkshire, at the mouth of the Hum-
hcr, on which is a light-house. Lon. 0° 18' E.
Lat. 53° 38' N.
Squam Harbor, harbor of Mass. N. E. of Cape
Ann. Lon. 70° 36' \V. Lat. 42° 40' N. See
Gloucester.
Squam lake, N. H. about 6 miles long and 5
wide, which discharges its waters through Squam
river, into Pemigewasset river.
Square Handkerchief, cluster of islets and rocks
in the Atlantic. Lon. 69" W. Lat. 21" N.
Square Island, isl. near the coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55° 32' W. Lat. 52° 54' N.
Squillacc, seaport, Naples, in Calabria Ultra,
near a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it
gives name ; th^ see of a bishop ; 33 m. S. S. E.
S T A
Cosenza, 49 S. Rossano. Lon. 16° 44' E, Lat. 38'
48' N. Pop. 2,000.
Srednei, isl. in the Frozen ocean. Lon. between
154° and 155° E. Lat. 72" 50' N.
Staaten Land. See J^ew Zealand.
Staatsburg, p-v. Duchess co. N. Y. 10 m. N.
Poughkeepsie.
Stablo, or Stavelo, t. Netherlands, on the river
Rechte, with considerable trade in cloth and
stuffs, and particularly in tanning leather, 20 m.
S. Aix la Chapelle, 7 E. S. E. Spa. Pop. 9,741.
Stackpole Head, cape on the S. coast of Wales.
Lon. 4" 57' W. Lat. 61° 42' N.
Stacks of Burgh, rocks near the E. coast of
Scotland, 1 m. W. Duncansby Head. Lon. 2" 57'
W. Lat. 58° 23' N.
Stacks of Duncansby, rocks in the North sea,
near the E. coast of Scotland. Lon. 2° 57' W.
Lat. 58° 36' N.
Stade, t. of the duchy of Bremen, with a strong
fort, on a small river, about a mile from the Elbe,
formerly the capital of a county, and resideaca of
the counts, 34 m. W. Hamburg, 42 N. N. E. Bre-
men. Lon. 9° 21' E. Lat. 53° 42' N. Pop. 6,200.
Staden, r. Germany, which runs into the Nidda,
10 m. N. Francfort on the Main.
Staden, t. Germany, 20 m. N. E. Francfort on
the Main, 14 m. N. Hanau.
Stadt Loen, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 23
m. W. Munster. Lon. 6° 54' E. Lat. 52° 6' N.
Stadt-am-Hof, t. Bavaria, in Regen, on the
Danube, opposite Ratisbon, to which it is joined
by a bridge. Pop. 1,643.
Sladlberg, or Marsbcrg, t. Prussian states, in
Westphalia, on the Dimel, 8 m. E. N. E. Brilon,
20 S. Faderborn. Pop. 2,300.
Stadtkagen, t. Germany, in tlie principality of
Schauenburg-Lippe. It contains a palace of the
prince of Schauenburg-Lippe. 8 m. E. Mindeu.
Lon. 9° 20' E, Lat. 52" 18' N. Pop. 1,550.
Stadtland, small isl. near the coast of Norway,
Lon. 5° 50' E. Lat. 62" 10' N.
Stadt Sleinach, t. Bavaria, in Lower Maine, 7
m. N.E.Culmbach. Pop. 1,123.
Sfaebroeck. See Georgetmcn, Guiana.
Stafarda, t. and abbey. Piedmont, 3 m. N. Sa-
luzzo.
Slaffa, one of the smaller Hebrides, or Western
islands of Scotland, celebrated for its stupendous
basaltic columns, 6 m. W. Mull. Lon. 6° 19' W.
Lat. 56° 27' N.
Staffelstein, t. Bavaria, in Lower Main, on the
Lauter, 16 m, N. N. E. Bamberg, 4 S. W. Lich-
tenfels. Lou. 1 1° 3' E. Lat. 50° 8' N. Pop. 1,218.
Staffora, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 8 ra.
W.S. W. Pavia.
Stafford, t. England, in Staffordshire. It is the
county town, and contains 2 churches, and a
county infirmary. It is on the river Sow, near a
navigable canal, which extends through several
counties. It sends two members to parliamwit. 17
m. N. E. Litchfield, 135 N. W. London. Lon. 2°
8' W. Lat. 52° 48' N. Pop. 4,898.
Staffordshire, county, England, bounded N. E.
by Derbyshire, E. by Leicestershire, S. E. by
Warwickshire, S. by Worcestershire, W. by
Shropshire, and N. W. by Cheshire. The mines
of Staffordshire are rich and extensive : thjsc oi
coal are supposed to occupy a space of 50,000
acres ; iron ore also is found in large quantities.
Pop. 295,158.
Stafford, p-t. Orange co. Vt.
Stafford, p-t, Tolland co. Conn. 26 m. N. £.
S T A
S T A
707
Hartford, 74 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,355. It
has 5 religious societies, 2 of Congregationalists,
i of Baptists, 1 of Methodists, and 1 of Univer-
salists. The town is celebrated for its iron manu-
factures. Here are 2 furnaces, each of which
yields annually about lUO tons of hollow ware
and other casting;s. There are also 2 cotton fac-
tories, and a manufactory of clocks. The mine-
ral springs in this place are found useful in the
dropsy, gout, rheumatism, piles, ulcers, scorbu-
tic, scrofulous, and cancerous complaints. The
accommodations for visitors are convenient and
extensive, and it is estimated that from 600 to 900
persons annually resort hither.
Stafford, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 1,239.
Stafford, co. Va. bounded N. by Prince William
CO. E. by the Potomac and Prince George co. S.
by the Rappahannock, and W. by Culpeper and
Faquier counties. Pop. 9,830, including 4,195
slaves. Chief town, Falmouth. At the court-
house is a post-office.
Staffurth, t. Germany, 21 m. S. S. W. Magde-
burg.
Stags, rocks on the S. coast of Ireland, at the
entrance into Cork harbor. Lon. 8° 15' W. Lat.
Sl° 48' N.
Stngno, seaport on the Adriatic, 30 m. N. W.
Ragusa. Lon. 17" 59' E. Lat. 43" 30' N.
StagviUe, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Slain, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube. It lies
near Crems, and is governed by the same magis-
trates. 3^1 m. E. S. E. Weitra, 32 W. N. W. Vi-
enna. Pop. including Crems, 3,563.
Staindrop, t. England, in Durham, 12 m. N. W.
Darlington, 243 N. London. Lon. 1° 51' W. Lat.
64° 41' N.
Stainland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. Hal-
ifax.
Stalbridge, t. England, in Dorset, 10 m. E.
Sherborn, 111 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2° 31' W.
Lat. 50° 38' N.
Slalimene. See Lemnos.
Stalluponen, or Stallupehonen, t. Prussian states,
33 m. S. E. Tilsit, 80 E. Konigsberg. Lon. 22°
68' E. Lat. 54° 33' N.
Stalowitz, t. Russia, in Minsk, 10 m. from Pinsk.
Stamford, t. England, in Lincoln co. on the
Welland, which is navigable for barges. Here
subsists the custom of Borough English, by which
the younger sons inherit the lands and tenements
of the father dying intestate. It sends two mem-
bers to parliament. Pop. 4,022. 40 m. S. Lin-
coln, 96 N. London. Lon. 1° 27' W. Lat. 52°
40' N.
Stamford, t. Bennington co. Vt. 9 m. S. E. Ben-
nington. Pop. 378.
Stamford, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island
sound, 42 m. S. W. Nev/ Haven, 43 N. E. New
York. Pop. 4,440. It has a harbor with 8 feet
water, and owns some shipping. It contains 7
churches. The village of Stamford is pleasantly
situated on Mill river, and contains about 60
houses, some of which are large and elegant.
Stamford, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. E. Del-
hi, 50 W. Catskill. Pop. 1,658. It contains 2
churches, 1 for Scotch Seceders, and 1 for Episco-
palians, and numerous mills and manufactures.
Stampalia, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, about
16 miles long and 5 broad, 60 m. W. Rhode?, 90
N. Candia. Lon. 26" 16' E. Lat. 36° 40' N.
Stamping grounds, p-v. Scott co. Ken.
Staiiardaville., p -v. Orange co. Va.
Stanbridge, t. Bedford co. Lower Canada, S. E
Montreal.
Slanchio, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, an-
ciently Cos or Coos, 70 miles in circumference,
and about 12 m. from the continent of Asia. The
country is for the most part level. It abounds
With cypress and turpentine trees. The win6
produced here was famous among the ancients for
a purgative quality. It has one considerable town,
with a harbor defended by a castle. It is the see
of a bishop. Lon. 26° 56' E. Lat. 36" 46' N. Pop.
8,000, Greeks and Turks.
Stanchio, bay, A. Turkey, on the S. W. coast of
Natolia, opposite the island of Stanchio. Lon. 27°
14' E. Lat. 36" 48' N.
Standia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, in a small
bay of the gulf of Saloniki, 15 m. N. Larissa, 56
S. S. E. Edessa.
Standia, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 10 m.
N. Candia. Lon. 25° 9' E. Lat. 35° 26' N.
Standia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the W.
coast. Lon. 27" 18' E. Lat. 36° 54' N.
Standish, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on Saco
river, 21 m. N. W. Portland.
Standon, or Standlow, t. England, in Herts, 8
m. N. E. Hertford, 26 N. London.
Slants, or Staiyies, t. England, in Middlesex, on
the Thames, on the borders of Surrey, 6 m. E. S.
E. Windsor, 17 W. London. Lon. 0°25' W. Lat.
51" 28' N. Pop. 1,7.50.
Stanfalin. See Stampalia.
Stanfold, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 30
m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Stmifird, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 18 m. N. E.
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,335. It contains 3 church-
es, 1 each for Quakers, Baptists, and Methodists.
Stanford, p-t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ken. on a
handsome plain, 10 m. S. S. E. Danville. It con-
tains a court-house and jail, and about 100 houses.
Stangskar, small isl. in the gulf of Finland.
Lon. 26° 15' E. Lat. 59" 45' N.
Stanhope, t. England, in Durham, 17 m. W.
Durham, 264 N. London. Lon. 1" 58' W^. Lat.
54° 50' N.
Sfanisiow, t. Austrian Poland, 66 m. S. S. E.
Lemberg, 150 N. W. Jassy.
Sta7iley, t. England, in Yorkshire, 2 m. N.
Wakefield.
Stanley St. Leonard, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 13
m. S. Gloucester, 107 W. London. Lon. 2° 18' W.
Lat. 51" 47' N.
Siamrardsrille, t. Orange co. Va. 23 m. N. by
W. Charlottesville, 95 N. W. Richmond.
Stansjield, t. England, in Yorkshire, 9 m. W.
Halifax.
Stnnstead, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, on
the E. side of lake Memphramagog, S. E. of Mon-
treal. Pop. 2,500.
Stanton, t. England, in Lincoln, 17 m. E. N. E.
Lincoln, 146 N. London.
Stantonsburg, p-v. Newcombe co. N. C.
Stantz, t. Switz. in Unterwalden, on the Lake
of Lucerne, 8 m, S. E. Lucern, 42 E. Berne.
Lon. 8" 10' E. Lat. 46" 51' E.
Stapodia, or the Brothers, 2 islets in the Gre-
cian Archipelago, 6 m. E. Mycone. Lon. 36° 42'
E. Lat. 37" 32' N.
Stara Rusa, t. Russia, in Novgorod, near Lake
llmen, 56 m. S. Novgorod. Lon. 31° 50' E. Lat.
57" 40' N.
Stargard, or Slarogard, t. Prussian States, on
the Fers, 20 m. S. Dantzig, 32 N. Culm. Lon. 18°
20' E. Lat. 53" 57' N. Fop. 2,778.
70S
S T A
Stargard, or Old Stargard, t. in the Grand
Duchy of Mecklenbut^-Strelitz, 55 m. S. E. Gus-
tro, 63 S. Strdlsund. Lon, 13" 17' E. Lat. 53° 30'
N. Pop. 1,000.
Stargard^ or J^ew Stargard, t. Prussian States,
in Pomerania, on the Inna, by which it has a free
communication with the Baltic. It is large and
well built. Near the town is a noble college,
founded in 1631. 74 m. N. E. Berlin, 44 N. Cus-
trin. Lon. 15° 20' E. Lat. 53" 28' N. Pop. 7,200.
Starikilia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Uobruzza, on a
branch of the Danube, 6 m. E. Ismail.
Starifiza, t. Russia, in Tver, on the Volga, 44
m. S. W. Tver. Lon. 35° 14' E. Lat. 56° 24' N.
Stark, CO. Ohio, on the W. side of Columbiana
county. Pop. in 1815, 0,625; in 1819, 10,180.
Chief town, Canton.
Slarks, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne-
beck, 7 m. W. Norridgewock.
Slarksborough, p-t. Addison co. Vt. 28 m. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 726.
Starodub, t. Russia, in Novgorod Sicverskoe, 44
m. N. Novgorod Sicverskoe, Lon. 33" 44' E. Lat.
52" 35' N. Pop. 4,000.
Starr, t. Athens co. Ohio.
Starr, t. Hocking co. Ohio.
Start Point, cape, Eng. on the S. coast of De-
vonshire, 9 m. S. Dartmouth. Lon, 3" 38' W.
Lat. 50° ll'N.
Startzova, bay of the Frozen ocean, on the coast
of Russia. Lon. 40" 14' E. Lat. 68° 1 6' N.
Starregai Point, cape on the S. W. coast of Ja-
maica. Lon. 77" 45' W. Lat. 17" 58' N.
Stasfurt, t. Prussian States, in Saxonv, 20 m. S.
Magdeburg, 21 E. Halberstadt. Lon,' 11° 45' E.
Lat. 51° 53' N. Pop, 1,600.
Stasida, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 8 m, N.
W, Scarpanto. Lon. 26° 44' E. Lat. 35° 53' N.
Slaten Island, isl. N. Y. constituting the county
of Richmond. It is 14 miles lotig, 8 wide, and lies
9 m. S. W. New- York city. It is separated from
Long Island by the Narrows, and from the Jer-
sey shore by a nsurrow strait called Staten Island
Sound. Pop. 5,347. The Quarantine Ground
for vessels entering the port of New-York is on
this island.
Staten Land, island at the extremity of S,
America, about 36 miles long and 15 broad, sepa-
rated from Terra del Fuego by the Strait of Le
Maire. It is barren and desolate, composed of in-
accessible rocks, without the least mixture of earth
or mould between them. Lon. 65° W, Lat, 54°
40' S.
Statesborough, t, and cap. Bulloch co, Geo,
Statesburg, p-t. and cap. Claremont co. S. C. on
the E. side of Beach creek, a tributary of the VV^a-
teree. It contains a court-house and jail, and 30
houses. 30 m. S. Camden.
Statesville, p-t. and cap. Tredell co. N. C. It
contains a court-house and jail, an academy, a
church, and about 50 houses. 24 m. S. W. Salis-
bury.
States of the Church, or Popedom, the name giv-
en to the dominions of the Pope, in Italy, bounded
N. by Austrian Italy, E. by the Adriatic and part
of the kingdom of Naples, S. by the Mediterrane-
an, and W. by the Mediterranean, Tuscany, and
Modena. They are composed of several states or
provinces, viz. the Bolognese, duchy of Ferrara,
Romanga, duchy of Urbino, Marquisate of Anco-
na, county of Castello, territory of Perrugia, the
Orvietan, duchy of Spoleto or Umbria, Sabina,
duchy of Castro, Patrimouio or Patrimony of St.
S T E
Peter, and Campania or Campagna di Roma. Ex-
tent, 14,500 square miles. Pop. 2,346,000. 'Over
this country the Pope is the temporal as well as
the ecclesiastical prince. The ecclesiastical
power is claimed by the popes, as successors of St.
Peter over all the Christian churches, and is ac-
knowledged by all Roman Catholic states ; but
this submission is different in different countries.
The temporal power has risen from the grants of
successive emperors of Rome and German}', as
likewise from other princes. He is elected by the
cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals
are the pope's council, and his ministers, the chiefs
of the tribunals, and the princes of the church.
The court of Rome is numerous and brilliant ;
the principal offices are occupied by cardinals.
Rome is the capital.
Stavanger, s-p. Norway, in Christiansand, on a
bay of the North sea, 86 m. S. Bergen, 85 N. W.
Christiansand. Lon. 5" 44' E. Lat. 58" 56' N.
Stavenhagen,t. Mecklenburg, 24 m. E. Gustrow,
16 N. W. New Brandenburg. Lon, 12° 34' E.
Lat. 53" 40' N. Pop. 1,400.
Staveren, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, It was
anciently a very rich, powerful, and populous
city, with the best harbour in that country, but it
is now reduced very much, the harbour being
choked up. 40 m. N. Amsterdam, 75 W, S. W.
Emden. Lon. 5" 16' E. Lat. 52" 56' N,
Starem, or Fredericksrom, t. Norway, in Agger-
huus, 3 m. S. Laurvig.
Staunton, r. Virginia, one of the principal
branches of the Roanoke. It rises on the west side
ftf the Blue Ridge, and here has the name of Roan-
oke, but after its passage through the Ridge, it
takes the name of the Staunton, whichit preserves
till its confluence with the Dan, near the southern
boundary of Virginia, where it resumes the name
of Roanoke. It is navigable for some distance for
boats of 5 tons.
Staunton, p-t. and cap. Augusta co. Virginia, 95
m. S. W. Winchester, 183 VV. S. W. Washington,
120 N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house,
jail, academy, 3 churches, and about 1,500 inhab-
itants.
Staunton, t. Miami co. Ohio, on Miami river,
1 m. E- Troy.
Stauntoii's Island, small isl. near the E. coast of
China. Lon. 122" 13' E. Lat. 35° 47' N.
Stavres Hoved, cape, Denmark, on the E. coast
of the island of Fyen, Lon. 10° 46' E. Lat. 55°
29' N.
Stavropol, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Volga,
44 m. S. S. E. Simbirsk. Lon. 48° 58' E, Lat 53°
44 'N.
Stavropol, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Volga,
88 m. W. N. W, Ekaterinograd. Lon. 41° 50' E,
Lat. 44° 56' N.
StatYos, or Stauros, (an. Sfagira,) t. Eu. Tur-
key, in Macedonia, on the gulf of Contesa, 46 m.
E. S. E. Saloniki.
Steadmansville, p-t. Athens co. Ohio.
Steckenits, r. which rises in the territory of Lu-
beck, and runs into the Elbe at Lauenburg.
Steege, s-p. Denmark, on the island of Moen, 38
m. S. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 15" 20' E. Lat. 55°
3' N.
Steel Point, cape on the cosistof Labrador. Lon.
62°W\Lat.58"40'N.
Steembergen, t. Brabant, 25 m. N. Antwerp, 5
N. Berg-op-Zoom. Lon. 4" 1 1' E. Lat. 51" 37' N.
Steenkirk, or Steenkerque, v, Netherlands, in
Hainault, on the Souneque, where a bloody battle
S T E
S T E
709
■was fought between the allies, commanded by
William III. king of England, and the French un-
der the Duke of Luxemburg, the 24th of July
1692, in which the latter were victorious. 3 m.
N. W, Braine le Comte, 13 x\. Mons.
Steenrorde, t. France, in North, 4 m. E. Cassel,
low. Ypres. Pop. 3,182.
Steenwi/ck, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
Aa, 55 m. S. W. Emden, 41 N. Zutphen. Lon.
6° E, Lat. 52° 48' N.
Steepholm, small isl. in the Bristol Channel,
mid-way between England and Wales. Lon. 3°
7' W. Lat. 51" 19' N.
Sleep rocks, ledge of rocks on the W. bank of the
Hudson, extending from Tappan sea, S. 12 or 13
miles.
Steep point, cape on the S. coast of Java. Lon.
107° 3' E. Lat. 7° 32' S.
Stein, t. Austria, on the Drave, 2 m. S. Clagen-
furt.
Stein, t. and fortress, Baden, on the Rhine, 4 m.
N. Worms.
Stein, or Kamnetz, t. Austria, 10 m. N. Lay-
bach, 144 S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 32° 20' E. Lat.
46° 22' N.
Stein am Rein, t. Swisgerland, in Zurich, on the
N. side of the Rhine, at the west extremity of
Lake Zell, with a bridge over the river. 10 m. E.
Schaffhausen, 13 W. Constance. Lon. 8° 50' E.
Lat. 47° 39' N.
Steinach, r. Switz. which runs into the lake of
Constance, 2 m. W. Roschbach.
Steinach, or Stadt Steinach, t. Bavaria, 30 m. N.
E. Bambersf, 15 N. N. W. Bayreuth. Lon. 11"
37'E.Lat. 50° 11' N.
Steinach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Neckar, near Niirtingen.
Steinach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Maine, 1 m. S. Zeulen.
Steinam Anger, or Ssombath Hchj, t. Hungary',
48 m. S. Vienna, 43 S. S. W. Prcsburg. Lon. 16°
58' E. Lat. 47" 30' N.
Steinau, t. Silesia, on a small river near the
west side of the Oder, 10 m. W. N. W. Wohlau, 20
S. E. Gross Glogau. Lon. 16" 25' E. Lat. 51° 22'
N. Pop. 2,100.
Steinau, or Stzi/nawa, t. Silesia, 22 m. S. S. W.
Oppeln, 9 E. Neisse. Lon. 17° 18' E. Lat. 50°
18' N.
Steinau, t. Hesse-Cassel, 16 m. S. W. Fulda, 23
E. N. E. Hanau. Pop. 1,300.
Steinbach, t. Hesse-Cassel, 5 m. E. Smalkalden.
Pop. 2,000.
Steinbach, t. Baden, 5 m. W. S. W. Gerspach,
38 W. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,653.
Steinberg, t. Saxony, 14 m. S. S. E. Freybcrg.
Steinea, t. Switz. in Thurgau, 4 m. N. E. St.
Gal.
Steinfurt, or Burg Steinfurt, t. Prussian States,
n Westphalia, on the Aa, 17 m. N. W. Munster,
:) S. Bentheim. Lon. 7° 15' E. Lat. 52° 15' N.
Pop. 2,250.
Steinfurt, or Drensteinfurt, t. Germany, 11m.
3. Munster. Lon. 8° 32' E. Lat. 51° 48' N.
Steinhausen, t. Switzerland, at the N. end of
'.he lake of Zug, 2 m, N. W. Zug, 13 S. Zurich.
Steinheid, t. Germany, in the principality of
Coburg, 9 m. N. N. E. Coburg.
Steinheim, or Ober Stei7ihei7n, t. Germany, on
the Main, 2 m. S. Hanau, 28 E. Mentz.
Steinhude, t. Germany, in Schauenburg Lippe,
<m the S. side of Steinhud«r Mcer, 13 m. N. W.
"Hanover.
Steinhuder Meer, lake, Germany, 6 miles long
and 2 broad, 12 m. N. W. Hanover.
Slei7ikurst, t. Holstein, with a castle, 25 m. E.
N. E. Hamburg, 15 S.W. Lubec.
SteinkopJ^, a Missionary station of the London
Society in South Africa, in Little Namaqualand,
formerly called Byzondermeid.
Stekboren, t. Switzerland, on the S. side of the
lake of Zell, 7 m. W. Constance.
S/eZ/m6osc/i, a settlement near the Cape of Good
Hope, in S. Africa, at the foot of a range of lofty
mountains. It is one of the stations of the Lon-
don Society. 26 m. N. E. Cape-Town.
Stenay, t. France, in Meuse, on the Meuse, 21
m. N. N. W. Verdun, 15 N. E. Grandpre. Lon.
5° 16' E. Lat. 49° 30' N. Pop. 3,599.
Stendal, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, contain-
ing 4 churches, with considerable manufactures.
28 m. W. N. W. Brandenburg, 56 W. Berlin.
Lon. 12" E. Lat. 52" 36' N. Pop. 5,000.
Stenosa, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago. Lon.
25°55'E. Lat. 37°5'N.
Steiiskar, small islands on the W. side of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 21" 30' E. Lat. 65° 12' N.
Stephanowse, or Stephanestii, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Moldavia, at the conflux of the Pruth and the Bas-
zeu, 40 m. N. Jassy, 116 N. W. Bender. Lon.
27° 39' E. Lat. 47° 53' N.
Slephante,t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the coast
of the Black Sea, 18 m. N. Sinob.
Stephen's Passage, strait between Admiralty
Island and the continent of America, extending
about 70 miles north. Lon. 226° 35' E. Lat. 57"
29' N.
Stephen's Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about
24 miles in circumference. Lon. 229° 30' E. Lat.
54"11'N.
Stephen's Island, isl. in the N. W. part of Cook's
Straits, in New Zealand. Lon. 185° 6' W. Lat.
40° 36' N.
Stephen's Islands, 2 small islands, in the E. In-
dian sea. Lon. 138" 39' E. Lat. 0° 22' S.
Stephentown, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 22 m. S.
E. Albany. Pop. 2,567.
Sterling, t. Franklin co. Vt. 24 m. E. Burling-
ton. Pop. 122.
Sterling, t. Worcester co. Mass. 12 m. N. Wor-
cester, 44 W. Boston. Pop. 1,472.
Sterling, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 44 m. E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 1,101. Here is an academy, and
one of the largest cotton factories in the State,
containing 1,600 spindles.
Sterling, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Sterlingrille, p-v. Granville co. N. C.
Sternberg, t. Moravia, 9 m. N. N. E. Olmutz.
Lon. 17" 13' E. Lat. 49° 40' N. Pop. 4,250.
Slernberg,t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 24
m. S. E. Custrin, 66 E. S. E. Berlin. Lon. 15° 17'
E. Lat. 52° 23' N. Pop. 800.
Sternberg, t.Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, on a lake, 16 m. S. E. Wisnar. Pop. 1,560.
Sternen, t. Switz in Schweitz, 4 m. N. W. '
Schweitz.
Sternstein, t. Bavaria, with a ruined citadel, 17
m. N. Nabburg, 20 N. E. Amberg.
Stert Point, cape, Erig. in the British channel,
on the N. coast of Somerset, 10 m below Bridge-
water. Lon. 3° W. Lat. 51° 10' N.
Sterzingen, t. Tyrol, celebrated for its manu-
facture of sword blades, 10 m. N. W. Brixen.
Stettin, (New,) t. Prussian States, in Pomera-
nia, in the midst of lakes, 64 m. E. N. E. Stargard,
710
S T I
S T O
46 S. E. Colbcrg. Lon. 16° 38' E. Lat. 53* 42' N.
Pop. 1,900.
Stettin, or Old Stettin, t. Prussian States, in
Pomerania, on the Oder. It is large, handsome,
and well fortified, with several manufactures, and
carries on a great trade. 14 m. W. N. W. Star-
gard, 85 N. N. E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 44' E. Lat.
53° 29' N. Pop. 22,000,
Steuben, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 35 m. W.
Machias. Pop. 552.
Steuben, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Ontario co.
E. by Tompkins and Tioga cos. S. by Pennsylva-
nia, and W. by Alleghany co. Pop. 7,243. Chief
town, Bath.
Steuben, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. N. Utica.
Pop. 1,105. The principal part of this town was
granted to the Baron Steuben for his services in
the Revolutionary war, and here his remains are
interred.
Steubenville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ohio, is
on the W. bank of Ohio river, in the midst of a
fertile and populous country, abounding also with
coal and iron ore. It was regularly laid out in
1798, and has very rapidly increased. In 1810, it
contained 800 inhabitants; and in 1817, more
than 2,000, with 3 churches, 2 banks, an acade-
my, a spacious market-house, a woollen factory,
cotton factory, an air foundery, paper-mill, and
several other mills and manufactuiMng establish-
ments. 38 m. W. Pittsburg, 25 N. E. St. Clairs-
ville, 150 E. N. E. Columbus. Lat. 40° 25' N.
Stevenage, t. Eng. in Herts, 11 m. N. N. W..
Hertford, 31 N. London. Lat. 51° 55' N.
Slevensburg. See Newtovm, Va.
Stevensbu rg, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Stevenston, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 3 m. N. N.
W. Irvine.
Stevensville, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va.
Stevenswaert, or Fort St. Etienne, fort, Nether-
lands, on the E. side of the Meuse, 30 m. N. Liege,
7 S. Ruremonde.
Stewart, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 4,262, in-
cluding 778 slaves.
S/ewar/'s Islands, small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 163° 18' E. Lat. 8" 26' S.
Slewartslown, t. Ireland, in Tyrone co. 5 m. N.
N. E. Dungannon.
Stewartstown, or Stewartoivn, t. Scotland in
Ayrshire, 7 ra. N. E. Irvine, 14 N. N. E. Ayr.
Stewartstown, p-t. Coos co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river, 1 15 m. N. Concord. Pop. 176.
Steyll, t. Germany, 2 m. S. E. Essen, 16 N, E,
Dusseldor. Lon. 7° E. Lat. 51° 22' N.
Steyning, t. Ettg. in Sussex, 10 m. N. W, Bright-
helstone, 50 S. London. Lon. 0° 12' W, Lat, 50°
54' N.
Steyr, t. Lower Austria, on a small river near
its conflux with tlie Ens, Avith extensive manufac-
tures of iron and steel, 80 m. W, Vienna, 44 S,
E. Passau. Lon. 14° 22' E. Lat. 48° 17' N. Pop.
10,000.
Steyregg, t. Austria, on the N side of the Dan-
ube, 84 m. W. Vienna, 36 E. S. E. Passau. Lon.
14° 25' E. Lat. 48° 17' N.
Stickhttuscn, t. and citadel, Hanover, 18 m. E.
S. E. Emden. Lon. 7" 10' E. Lat. 63" 14' N.
Stigsio, t. Sweden, in Angermanland, 8 m. W.
Hernosand.
Stilaro, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Squillace. Lon. 16° 5ff E. Lat. 38° 21' N.
Stilt, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, Lon. 22°
49 E. Lat. 37° 26' N.
Still valley, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Stillwater, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 12 m. E. Ballston, 22 N. Albany. Pop. 2,493.
At this place a battle was fought, 7th Oct. 1777,
between the British, under Gen. Bnrgoyne, and
the Americans, under Gen. Gates, in which tlie
British were defeated.
Still water, p-v. Sussex co. N. Y.
Still water, r. Ohio, which runs into the Musk-
ingum, 8ra. below New Philadelphia.
Stilo, t. Eu. Turkey, on the E. coast of Morea.
Lon. 23" 4' E. Lat. 36" 55' N.
Stilton, v. Eng. in Huntingdon, 14 m. S. Stam-
ford, 75 N. London.
Slinos, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 6 m. 3.
Naxia. Lon. 25° 33' E. Lat. 46° 52' N.
Stiria, in the old division of the Austrian em-
pire, a duchy, bounded N. by the ai'chduchy of
Austria, E. by Hungary, S. by Cai-niola, and W.
by Carinthia. In the modern division, Inner Aus-
tria embraces nearly the same country that was
formerly called Styria. See Austria, Inner.
Stirli7ig, t. Scotland, and cap. of a county to
which it gives name, on the right bank of tlxe
Forth, on an eminence which terminates in a
rock. The carpet manufacture flourishes, and
the cotton manufacture also begins to take place
here. Stirling castle was often the residence of
the kings of Scotland, Only small vessels can
come up to the town. 23 m. N. E. Glasgow, 36
N. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 57' W. Lat. 56" 7' N,
Pop. 5,820.
Stirlingshire, county, Scotland, bounded N. by
Perthshire and Clackmanshire, E. by the Forth
andTcounty of Linlithgow, S. by Dunbarton, and
W. by Loch Lomond. Pop. 58,174. Chief towns,
Stirling and Falkirk.
Stobi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, 42 m, N,
Edessa, 65 N. N. W, Saloniki.
Slobrcz, s-p. Dalmatia, 4 m. E. Spalatro.
Stock, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Ca-
diz.
Stockach, t. Germany, in Baden, 15 m. N, W.
Constance, 15 N. E. SchafThausen. Lon. 9° 1' E.
Lat. 47° 52' N. Pop. 1,153.
Stockach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Lake of Constance, 5 m. S. E. Stockack.
Stockbridge, t. Eng. in Hants, 15 m. E. Salisbu-
ry, 67 W. S. W. London. Lon. 1° 27' W, Lat, 51°
7'N,
Stockbridge, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 26 m. N. W,
Windsor. Pop. 700.
Stockbridge, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. is a pleas-
ant town, on the Housatonnuc, 6 m. S. Lenox, 12
S. Pittsfield, 130 W. Boston. Pop. 1,382.
StockdaWs Harbour, bay of the Pacific ocean, in
Prince William's sound, on the N. V^. coast of
America. Lon. 148° W. Lat. 60° 50' N.
Stockden's valley, p-v. Cumberland co. Ken.
Stockerau, t. Lower Austria, on the left bank of
the Danube, 12 m. S. Sonneberg. 13 N. W. Vi-
enna. Pop. 1,430.
Stockholm, city and cap. of Sweden, situated on
seven islands, between the Baltic and the Malar
Lake. The harbour is of sufficient depth to re-
ceive the largest vessels up to the quay. At the
extremity of the harbour several streets rise one
above another, in the form of an amphitheatre,
with the palace, a magnificent building, at the
summit. Except in the suburbs, where are some
houses of wood, the buildings for the most part are
o^ stone, or of brick stuccoed white, and most of
tliem built on piles. A communication is formed
S T O
S T O
711
between the several parts of Stockholm, by means
of 12 bridges. The Royal Academy of Sciences
at Stockholm was incorporated in 1741. Here
are manufactures of glass, china, woollen, silk,
linen, &c. Lon. IT 40' E. Lat. 59" 20' N. Pop.
75,517.
Stockholm, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 30 m. E.
Ogdensburg. Po^). 307.
Stockholm, p-t. Morris co. N. J.
Stockport, or Slopford, t. Eng. in Chester co. on
the Mersey, with considerable cotton manufac-
tures. 7 m. S. E. Manchester, 175 N. N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 2° 18' W. Lat. 53° 28' N. Pop. 17,475.
Siockstadt, t. Germany, on the Maine, 3 m. W.
Aschaffenburg, 15 S. E. Francforton the Maine.
Stockton, s-p. Eng. in Durham, on the Tees,
about 10 miles from the German sea. It has a
considerable manufacture of sail-cloth. 22 m-
S. E. Darham, 240 N. London. Lon. 1" 21' VV.
Lat. 54" 40' N. Pop. 4,229.
Stoddard, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 29 m. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 1,139.
Sioddertuville, or Armstead, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa.
Stogumber, or Stoke Gomer, t. Eng. in Somerset,
12 m. N. W. Taunton, 152 W. London.
Stoke upon Trent, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 154
m. N. N. W. London.
Stoke, V. Eng. in Nottingham, near the Trent,
5 m. S. Newark, 120 N. London.
Stoke, t. Buckingham co. Lov/er Canada, on St.
Francis river, 60 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Stokes, CO. in the N. W. part of N. C. Pop.
11,645, including 1,746 slaves. Chief towns,
Germantown and Salem.
Stokes, t. and cap. Montgomery co. N. C. near
the Yadkin. It contains a court-house and jail,
and about 20 houses.
Stokes, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 267.
Stoke'' s Bay, bay, Eng. on the S. coast of Hamp-
shire, between Portsmouth Harbour and South-
ampton river, S. of Gosport.
Stokesly, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 28 m. W. Whit-
by, 239 N. London. Lon. 1" 4' W. Lat. 54"
30' N.
Stolatz, t. Eu. Tui-key, in Servia, on the Mora-
via, 30 m. N. N. W. Nissa.
Stolberg, t. Saxouv, in the circle of Erzgebirg, 8
ro. S. W. Dresden. " Lon. 12° 42' E. Lat. 50° 40'
N. Pop. 1,940.
Stolberg, t. E*russian States, in Saxony, cap. of
Fw country to which it gives name, 40 m. N. Er-
lurt, 37 E. Halle. Lon. 1 T 5' E. Lat. 51" 29' N.
i'op. 300.
Stolhovcn, t. Germany, near the Rhine, 16 m.
N. N. E. Strasburg, 42 VV. Stutgard. Lou. ii° 7'
E. Lat. 48" 45' N.
Stolpe, r. whi<-h rises in Pomerania, and runs
into the sea, 27 m. W. Dantzic.
Stolpe, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, on a
liver of the same name, which here begins to be
navigable. 80 m. N. E. Stargard, 65 W. Dant-
7ick. Lon. 16" 43' E. Lat. 54" 25' N, Pop. 4,400.
Stolpe, t. Prussian States, 38 m. N. E. Berlin.
Lon. 14" 14' E. Lat 52" 58' N.
Stolpemunde, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania,
en the coast of the Baltic, at the mouth of the
F.tolpe, 10 m. N. Stolpe. Lon. 16° 33' E. Lat. 54°
^;2' N. Pop. 300.
Stolpen, t. Saxony, in Meissen, with a citadel.
fl3 m. W. N. W. Zittau, 14 E. Dresden. Lon. 14°
I' E. Lat. 51° 5' N. Pop. 1,080.
Stolzenau, t. Hanover in the county of Hova, oh
the Weser, 8 ra. S. S. VV. Nienburg.
Stom, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 7 m. N. Stafford,
140 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 10' W. Lat. 52°
54' N.
Stone, small isl. Scotland, in the Frith of Forth,
8 m. S. E. Dumfermline.
Stone Arabia, v. in Palestine, N. Y. on the N.
side of the Mohawk, 52 m. W. Albany.
Stone fort, p-v. Franklin co. Ten.
Stoneham, t. Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the
N. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. Quebec.
Stoneham, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m. N. Bos-
ton. Pop, 467.
Stonehaven, or Stonehive, t. Scotland, in Kincar-
dine, on a bay of the German ocean, 15 m. S. Ab-
erdeen, 22 N. N. E. Montrose. Lon. 2" 12' W,
Lat 56° 55' W. Pop. 1,110.
Stoneham, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 4 m. N. South-
ampton.
Stonehouse, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 2 m. N.
N. VV. Stroud.
Stonehouse, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 1 m. from
Plymouth.
Stone lick, r. Ohio, which runs into the East
fork of the Little Miami, in Clermont county.
Stone lick, t. Clermont co. Ohio.
Stone Mountains., or Rock Mountains, Geo. near
the sources of the Oakmulgee and the Chatahoo-
chee, 50 m. S. Hog mountain, 150 S. E. Lookout
mountain. It rises from the plain to the height of
900 feet, and is about 10 miles in circumference
at its base.
Slonehenge. See Amcsbury, Eng.
Stonesborough, p-v. Green co. Ken,
Stone's river, r. Tennessee, which runs N. W.
and joins the Cumberland, 6 m. N.E. Nashville.
Stonesville, p-v. Greenville co. S. C.
Stoney point, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Stoney point, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C.
Stonington, p-t. and borough. New London co.
Conn, in the S. E. corner of the State, 12 m. E.
New London, 55 S. E. Hartford, 62 E. New Ha-
ven. Pop. 3,043. It contains a public arsenal
belonging to the U. States, 2 woollen factories, a
cotton factory, an academy, and 2 houses of pub-
lic worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Baptists. There are 10 or 15 vessels employed
from this town in the fisheries, and the amount of
shipping owned here is about 1,100 tons, Ston-
ington borough was incorporated in 1801, and is
situated on a narrow point of land about half a
mile long which runs out into Long Island sound.
It is celebrated for its successful resistance to the
bombardment of a British squadron in August
1814. Pop. of the borough 804.
Stono inlet, S. C. separates James and John's
islands, and flows into the Atlantic.
Stony creek, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 943.
Stony creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mia-
mi from the E. above Piqua.
Stony Mountains. See Rocky Mountains.
Storhamnen, small isl. of the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 17°13'E. Lat. 61° 32' N.
Siorholmen, small isl. of the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 17° 42' E, Lat. 62° 33' N,
Storko, isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of
Sweden. Lon. 15° 34' E. Lat. 56" 5' N.
Storkow, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 26
m. VV. S. W. Frankfort on the Oder, 24 E. S. E.
Berlin. Lon. 14° 55' E. Lat. 52" 15' N. Pop.
1,100.
Storm Bay, bay on the S. coast of New Holland,
between South Cape and Tasman's Head.
Stornaway, seaport, Scotland, and capital of
712
S T R
the island of Lewis, on a bay, with a harbor, safe,
spacious, and easy of access. Several of the mer-
chants are eng^aged in tlie fishing trade. Lon. 6°
19' W. Lat. 58° 18' N. Pop. 3,500.
Storsio, lake, Sweden, in Jamtland, which com-
municates with the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 14" 10'
E. Lat. 63" 10' N.
Storsknr, 2 small islands on the east side of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20<' 32' E. Lat. 63" 7' N.
Siort, r. England, which runs into the sea, 2 m.
N. E. Hoddesden.
Siortford Bishop'' s. See Bishop Slortford.
Stotjield Head, cape, Scotland, on the coast of
Murray. Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat. 57" 42' N.
Sloughton, p-t, Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. S. E.
Dedham. Pop. 1,134.
Stour, r. England, which forms the boundary
between the counties of Essex and Suffolk, and
runs into the German sea, at Harwich.
Stour, r. England, which runs into the English
channel at Christchurch in Hampshire.
Stour, r. England, in Kent, which runs into the
sea at Sandwich.
Stour, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 4 m.
S. Kidderminster.
Stour Head, cape, Denmark, on the N. W. coast
of the island of Funen. Lon. 9" 48' E. Lat. 55"
37' N.
Stourbridge, t. England, in Worcestershire, on
the river Stour, 23 m. N. Worcester, 124 N. W.
London. Lon. 2* 2' W. Lat. 52" 38' N.
Stourport, t. England, in Worcestershire, 11m.
N. Worcester, 126 N. W. London.
Stouts, V. Washington co. Missouri.
Slow, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 15 m. N. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 650.
Stow, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. W. Boston.
Pop. 885.
Stow, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga,
11 m. W. Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 400.
Slow creek, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,039.
Stow on the Would, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m.
E. Gloucester, 84 W. London. Lon. 1" 42' W.
Lat. 51" 56' N.
Stow Market, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Orwell,
13 m. N. N. W. Ipswich, 75 N. N. E. London.
Lon. r 1' E. Lat. 52" 13' N.
Stowe, V. Eng. in Buckingham, 2 m. N. N. W.
Buckingham.
Stowey, or Xether Stowey, t. Eng. in Somei-set,
12 m. N. Taunton, 145 W. London.
Stoyeslown, p-t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 170.
Strabane, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, 40 m. N. W,
Armagh, US. S. W. Londonderry. Lon. 7° 19'
W. Lat. 54" 50' IV.
Strabane, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,395.
Stradbrook, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. N. E. Eye.
Strafford, co. N. H. bounded N. by Coos co. E.
by Maine, S. by Rockingham co. and W. by Graf-
ton CO. Pop. 41,595. Chief towns, Dover and
Gilmantown.
Strafford, p-t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 339.
Strafford, t. Orange co. Vt. 29 m. N. Windsor.
Pop. 1,805. In this town is a mine of copperas
12 m. from Dartmouth college, which has yielded
with little labour, 100 tons of copperas in a year.
Straight creek, r. Ohio, which flows into the
Ohio, in Brown county.
Straits of Calais. See Pas de la Calais.
Strakonitz, t. Bohemia, 54 m. S. Prague. Lon.
13" 50' E. Lat. 49" 17' N. Pop. 3,300.
Stralsund, city, Prussian states, in Pomerania,
on the side of a strait which passes between the
S T R
continent of Pomerania and the island of Rugen .
It is very strong, being so surrounded by the sea
that it is accessible only over bridges, and has be-
sides very good fortifications. It was formerly one
of the principal Hanse towns. 113 m. N. Berlin,
120 N. E. Hamburgh. Lon. 13" 8' E. Lat. 54°
20' N. Pop. 13,500.
Stramberg, t. Moravia, 30 m. E. Prerau. Lon.
18"11'E. Lat. 49" 32' N.
Strangford, t. Ireland, in Down co. 6 m. E.
Downpatrick. Lon. .5" 28' W. Lat. 54" 21' N.
Strangford Lough, large bay of Ireland, ia
Down CO. extending from Killard Point in the
Irish sea, to Newton, about 17 miles from S. to N.
Stranrawcr, or Stranaer, t Scotland, in Wigtoo
CO. It is a royal burgh. 74 m. W. N. W. Dum-
fries, 126 S. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4° 58' W. Lat.
55"1'N. Pop. 1,722.
Strasburg, city. Franco, and capital of Lower
Rhine, at the conflux of the 111 and the Brusch,
about a mile from the left bank of the Rhine. Be-
fore the revolution it was the capital of Alsace,
and the see of a bishop. It is well fortified with
a citadel by V'auban. It has six gates and 200
streets, but for the most part very narrow. There
are 8 bridges across the 111, and one of wood 3,900
feet long, over the Rhine, which in the middle is
supported by an island, on which is a strong castle.
Strasburg has an university, governed by twenty
professors, who are Lutherans, and another of
Roman Catholics. The military hospital is a hand-
some building, and the city infirmary will re-
ceive 800 patients, besides which there are two
houses of orphans, a foundling hospital, and nu-
merous other charitable institutions. From its
situation, Strasburg is a place of considerable
commerce ; here are manufactures of tobacco,
china, steel, lace, carpets, cloth, leather, &;c. 75
■posts E. Paris. Lon. 7" 49' E. Lat. 48" 35' N.
Pop. 49,056.
Strasburg, t. Prussian slates, 30 m. N.E. Thorn,
35 E. Culm.
Strasburg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg,
12 m. N. Prenzlow, 56 N. Berlin. Lon. 13° 44' E.
Lat. 53" 32' N. Pop. 2,900.
Strasburg, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. 8 m. S. E. Lan-
caster, 58 W. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,710.
Strasburg, p-t. Shenandoah co. Pa. 12 m. N. N.
E. Woodstock.
Stratford upon Avon, t. England, in Warwick
CO. on the A\on, chiefly celebrated as the native
place of Shakspeare ; 8 m. S. S. W. Warwick, 94
N. W. London. Lon. 1" 44' W. Lat. 52° 11' N.
Pop. 2,842.
Stratford Fenney, t. England, in Buckingham
CO. 12 m. E. Buckingham, 45 N. W. London.
Lon. 0° 49' W. Lat. 51" 54' N.
Stratford, Stoney, t. England, in Buckingham, 8
m. N. E. Buckingham, 52 N. E. London. Lon. 0"
44' W. Lat. 52' N. Pop. 1,653.
Stratford, v. England, in Essex, 4 m. E. Lon-
don.
Stratford, p-t. Coos co. N. H. on Connecticut
river, 98 m. N.Concord.
Strafford, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the west side
of the Housatonnuc, at its mouth, 13 m. S. W.
New Haven. Pop. 2,895. It contains an acade-
my, and 4 churches, 2 for Congrej^ationalists, 1
for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. In this
town is the borough of Bridgeport.
Stratford, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 m. N. W.
Johnstown. Pop. 353. -jr-^'.-
S T R
Stmlford Bow, v. England, in Middlesex, on the
right tank of the Lea, 3 m. E. London,
Stratford River, a name given to the Housaton-
nuc, below the junction of the Naugatuck.
Stratham, t. Rockingham co, N. H. 7 m. S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 876. It has 2 churches, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Congregationalists.
Strathaven, t. Scotland, in Lanerkshire, 6 m. S.
Hamilton, 10 VV, Lanerk.
Strathy Head, cape, Scotland, on the N. coast
of Sutherland, 31 m. E. Cape Wrath. Lon. 3"
50' W. Lat.58''33'N.
Slratonisi, 3 small islands in the Grecian ar-
chipelago, 10 m. S. Specia. Lon. 23° 25' E. Lat.
37° 16' xN.
Stralti, or j3gioi Stratti, small isl. in the Grecian
archipelago. Lon. 2^ 12' E. Lat. 39" 35' N.
Stratton, t. England, in Cornwall, 15 m. N. N.
W. Launceston, 221 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4"
25' W. Lat. 50^' 33' N.
Stratton, t. Windham co. Vt. 38 m. S. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 265.
Straubing, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, with a
castle. It contains a collegiate church and lour
convents. 43 m. N. W. Passau, 60 N. N. E. Mu-
nich. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat. 48° 47' N. Pop. 6,200.
Straviko, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Black sea, 40 m. S. E. Ismail.
Straitssberg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg,
13 m. S. E. Bernau, 20 E. Berlin. Lon. 13° 55' E.
Lat. 52° 37' N. Pop. 3,600.
Strawberry plains, p-v. Knox co. Ten.
Strawberry, r. Missouri, a branch of Big Black
river, which it joins on the W. side.
Strawntown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.
Strebemich, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 70 m. W.
Belgrade.
Strehla, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 14 m. N. W.
Meissen, 21 N. W. Dresden.
Strehlen, t. Silesia, 16 m. W. S. W. Brieg, 20
S. Breslau. Pop. 3,000,
Streitberg, t. Germany, 30 m. S. W. Bayreuth,
14 E. S. E. Bamberg. Lon. IT 10' E. Lat. 49°
49' N.
Strelford, t. England, in Lancashire, 4 m. S. W.
Manchester.
Strelitz, or Great Strelits, t. Silesia, 14 m, S, E.
Cppebi, 20 N. Ratibor. Lon. 17° 15' E. Lat. 50°
27' N. Pop. 1,180.
Strelits, or Old Strelitz, t. Germany, in Meck-
lenburg, which gives name to a branch of the
house of Mecklenburg, called Mecklenbui^-Stre-
litz; 50 m. W.Stettin. Lon. 13° 18' E. Lat. 53°
22' N.
Strelitz, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, 10 m. N.
Perth.
Strengnas, or Sirengenas, t, Sweden, on the
Malar lake, the see of a bishop. It has a cele-
brated gymnasium or seminary. 32 m. W. Stock-
holm. Lon. 16" 55' E. Lat. 59° 20' N.
Sretensk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 52 m. E. N. E.
Nertchinsk, 492 E. Irkutsk, Lon. 118° 14' E. Lat.
5l°22'N.
Stretford, t. England, in Lancashire, 4 m. S. VV.
Manchester.
Stretham, v. England, in Surry, 7 m. S. London.
Streigau, t. Silesia, 9 m. N. W. Schweidnitz, 8
S. E. Jaucr. Lon. 16° 22' E. Lat. 50" 50' N. Pop.
2,900.
Strimon, or Emboli, r. Eu. Turkey, in Roma-
nia, which runs into the gulf of Conts'^a. 6 m. S.
I'mboli.
90
S T U
713
Strivali, 2 rocky islands in the Mediterranean,
26 m. S. Zante. Lon. 21° 12' E. Lat. 37° 29' N.
Slroemsholm, t. Sweden, in Westmannland, 54
m. S. W. Upsal. Lon. 16° 14' E. Lat. 59° 30' N.
Stroma, isl. in the North sea, near the N. coast
of Scotland, in the Pentlane Frith, 3 m. N. W.
Duncansby Head. Lon. 2° 58' W. Lat. 58°
35' N.
Stromberg, t. Germany, 20 m. S, E. Munster.
Lon. 8" 15' E. Lat. 51° 45' N.
Stromboli, or Strongoli, one ol the Lipari islands,
anciently Strongyle, 12 miles in circumference.
On it is a volcano. 28 m. N. W. Cape Vaticano.
Lon. 15° 30r E. Lat. 38° 43' N.
Slromness, seaport, Scotland, situated on the S.
W. coast of the island of Pomona, with a harbor
which affords safe anchorage. 10 m. W. Kirkwall.
Lon. 3° 9' W. Lat. 58° 51' N. Pop. 1,344.
Stromoe, tlie largest of the Faroer islands, in the
Northern ocean, 30 miles long and 10 broad, Lon,
7" W. Lat. 62" 10' N.
Slromsoe, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 18 m. S. W.
Christiania. Lon. 10° 16' E, Lat. 59" 44' N.
Stromstadt, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, on the
coast of the North sea, 43 m. N. N. W. Uddevalla.
Lon. 1 1" 4' E. Lat. 58° 56' N.
Strong, formerly Reedstown, p-t. Somerset co.
Maine, 24 m. N. W. Norridgewock.
Strongilo, small isl. in the Grecian archipela-
go, 6 m. S. W. Paros. Lon. 25° 10' E. Lat. 37° N.
Strongoli, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, the see
of a bishop, 16 m. S. S. E.Cariati Vecchia, 47 E.
Cosenza. Lon. 17° 17' E. LaL 39° 15' N.
Stronsa, one of the Orkney islands, about 6
miles long from N. to S. and almost as broad from
E. to W. Lon, 2° 30' W. Lat. 58" 39' N. Pop.
924.
Strontian, v. Scotland, in Argyleshire, cele-
brated for the fossil called Strontites. Lon. 5° 38'
W. Lat. 56" 40' N.
Stroppen, t. Silesia, 24 m. W. N. W. Oels, 18
N. W. Breslau. Lon. 16° 49' E. Lat. 51° 22' N.
Pop. 970.
Stroud, r. England, which runs into the Severn,
5 m. S. Gloucester.
Stroud, t. England, in Gloucester co. on the
Frome, which is here called Stroud-water, and
particularly celebrated as a menstruum in dying
broad-cloths in scarlet and other grain colours, 1 1
m. S. Gloucester, 102 W. London. Lon. 2" 15' W.
Lat. 51" 47' N. Pop. 5,321.
Stroud,, t. England, in Kent, adjoining Roches-
ter, from which it is separated by the Med way.
Stroudsburg, p-t. Northampton co. Pa.
Stroudwater. See Casco Bay.
Stroudwater. See Westbrook.
Strumble''s Head, cape, Wales, on the N. coast
of Pembroke. Lon. 5° 10' W. Lat. 52° N.
Stniys Bay, bay on the S. coast of Africa. Lat.
34° 33' S.
Strynkaly, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic,
between jEroe and Langeland. Lon. 10" 36' E,
Lat. 54" 54' N.
Strynoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, 2 m.
from the W. coast of Langeland. Lon. 10° 38' E.
Lat. 54" 54' N.
Stuart, CO. West Tennessee. Pop, 4,262, in-
cluding slaves. Chief town, Dover.
Stuartsburg, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Sluart^s Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance of Bute's canal, in the
gulf of Georgia. Lon. 236" 9' E. Lat. 50° 21' N-
714
SUB
SUE
Sttutrt''s lake, North America, on the W. side of
ihe Rocky mountains. Lon. 125° W. Lat.54°30'
N. It is said to be 300 miles in circumference,
and discharges its waters through Frazer's river,
into the gulf Georgia. At its E- end is a port of
the N. W. company.
Sludland Bay, bay of the English channel, 6 m.
S. Pool. Lon. V 58' VV. Lat. 50" 37' N.
Studley, t. England, in Warwickshire, on the
Arrow, 6 m. N. W. Stratford upon Avon.
Sluhlingen, t. Baden, 22 m. N. Zurich, 30 W.
Constance. Lon. 8" 26' E. Lat. 47° 48' N. Pop.
928,
Stiihl Weissenburg, or Szekes Fcjervar, t. Hun-
gary, a royal free town, and see of a bishop. This
town is strong in its situation, and had formerly
<;onsiderable works, which were dismantled in
1702. It was once the place for the coronation of
the kings, but at present the town is extremely
decayed. 84 m. S. E. V'ienna, 24 VV. Buda. Lon.
17" 50' E. Lat. 47° 17' N. Pop. 12,248.
Slukeli/, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal. Pop. 250.
S/mn, t. Prussia, 7 m. S. Marienburg. Lon. 18°
52' E. Lat. 53° 53' N.
Stutnpstoun, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on a branch of
the Little Swetera, 24 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg.
Slura, seaport, on the S. W. coast of the island
o( Negropont. Lon. 24" lo E. Lat. 38° 8' N.
Stura, r. Italy, which rises in Mount Cenis, and
runs into tlie Po, at Turin.
iSturbridge. See Stourbridge.
Sturbridge, p-t. Worcester co, Mass. 21 m. S. S.
W. Worcester, 58 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,927.
Sturgeon'' s bay, a large bay of Michigan Terri-
tory, which sets up to the south from Green bay.
U is 15 miles long and 6 wide. From its head
there is a short portage to lake Michigan.
Sturgeon lake, lake, North America, about 40
miles long and from 1 to 5 broad. Lon. 91" 25' W.
Lat. 49° 30' N.
Sturminster Marshal, t. England, in Dorset, 4
m. E. Sturminster Newton.
Sturminster JVeirfon, t. England, in Dorsetshire,
on the river Stour, 9 m. N. W. Blandlbrd, 111 W.
London. Lon. 2° 26' W. Lat, 50' 58' N.
Stuttgard, or Stuttgart, the capital of Wurtera-
berg, and residence of the king, situated in a de-
lightful country, on the Nasedbach, about 2 miles
from the Neckar. It is the see of a bishop. The
streets are large and strait, and the bouses hand-
some. The ro^al palace is a magnificent build-
ing. Stuttgart contains an academy of painting,
f^culpture, and architecture, and manufactures of
stuffs, silk Etockinofs, and ribbons. 40 m. N. W.
{Jim, 40 S. S. E. Heidelberg. Lou. 9' 18' E. Lat.
48° 45' N. Pop. 22,000.
Styria. See Stiria.
Suaketn, or Suaquem, isl. in the Red sea, near
the coast of Nubia, with a seaport of the same
name. The island is in :i bay, the entrance of
which is narrov.', and well secured from every
wind, with five, six, and seven fatlioms water.
It belongs to the Turks, and is governed by a pa-
cha. The trade is very considerable, with both
the coasts of Africa, the East Indies, Arabia, and
Egypt. By nature the shoals, rorks, and sand-
banks render it secure from the attack of an en-
emy by sea, and it is well fortified by art. Lon.
33" E. Lat. 19° 20' N.
Subarkan, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Euphrates, 75 m. E. S. E. Kerkisieh.
Sublcrmookyj r. Bengal, which runs into the bar
of Bengal, in lon. 88° 32' E. Lat. 21" 35' N.
Succadana, t. Borneo, and capital of the king-
dom of the same name. Lon. 109° 56' E. Lat. 0*^
56' S.
Success, t. Coos co. N. H. 86 m. N. Concord.
Success Bay, or Good Success Bay, bay on the
S. E. coast of Terra del Fuego, in the straits of Le
Maire. Lon. 65° 27' W. Lat. 54" 50* S.
Succoof, t. Nubia, on the Nile, 160 m. N. Don-
gola. Lon. 31° 40' E. Lat. 22° N.
Suchitepec, or 67. Antonio de Suchitepec, t, Gua-
timala, on a river which runs into the Pacific
ocean, 60 m. W. N. W. Guatimala. Lon. 93° 36'
W. Lat. 14" 44' S.
Suck, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shannon .
6 m. S. E. Balinasloe.
Suck creek, r. Tennessee, which joins Tennes-
see river, 70 m. below the mouth of the Hi-
Suckasunny, p-t. Morris co. N. J.
Sucsava, or Suchzow, t. Bukovina, on a river of
the same name, formerly a flourishing city, but
now much declined. 84 m. N. W. Jassy, 130 N.
E. Colosvar. Lon. 25° 58' E. Lat. 47° 57' N.
Pop. 2,640.
Suda, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Candia, 8 m. E. Canea. Lon. 24° 6' E.
Lat. 17° N.
Sudak, seaport, Russia, in Tauris, on the Black
sea, 20 m. S. W. Theodosia.
Sudbury, t. Eng. in Suffolk Co. on the N. side of
the Stour. The trade is considerable, and much
assisted by the Stour. It sends two members to
parliament. 59 m. S. S. W. Norwich, 56 N. E.
London. Lon. 0° 15' E. Lat. 52" 3' N. Pop.
3,471.
Sudbury, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 43 m. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 754.
Sudbury, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 ra. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,287.
Sudermannland, or Sudermania, province in the
old division of Sweden, bounded N. by Malar
lake, E. and S. E. by the Baltic, S. W. by East
Gothland, and W. by Nericia. Nykioping was
the capital.
Suderoe, one of the Faroer islands, in the North
Atlantic ocean, remarkable fora dangerous whirl-
pool near it.
Siidler^s cross-roads, p-v. Queen Anne co. Md.
Sudogda, t. Russia, in Vladimir, 28 m. S. E.
Vladimir. Lon. 40° 54' E. Lat; 55" 40' N.
Sudza, t. Russia, in Kursk, 40 m. S. W. Kursk.
Lon. 35' 14' E. Lat. 51° 20' N.
Suemez, Island of, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
226" 50' E. LaL55" 16' N.
Svelmoe, small isl. Denmark, near the S. coast
of the island of Funen. Lon. 10" 20' E. Lat. 55*'
8' N.
Svenborg, fort, Sweden, built on small rocky-^
islands, in the gulf of Finland, 3 m. from Helsing-
fors.
Svenborg, seaport, Denmark, in the island ot
Funen, 22 m. S. S. E. Odensee. Lon. 10° 37' E.
Lat. 55" 9' N.
Suez, t. Egypt, on a point of land, in the form
ol a peninsula, on the W. coast of the Red sea.
D'Anville supposes that here stood the ancient
Arsinoe. It is not surrounded with walls; but
the houses are built so closely top:ether, that there
are only two passages into the city, of which that
nearest to the sea is open, the other .»hut by a vei';
S U I
insufficient gate. Fish is the only article of pro-
vision plentiful here. The only water fit for
drinking comes from the wells of Naba, more than
f) miles from Suez. Several vessels are annually
employed in the navigation between this port and
Jidda. The commerce of Cairo with Suez is
carried on by means of caravans. 60 m. E. S. E.
Cairo. Lon. 32" 25' E. Lat. 30° N.
Sufange ul Bahri, narrow isl, in the Red sea,
near the coast of Egypt. Lon. 33° 56' E. Lat.
27° N.
Sufferdam, or Siiferdon, t. Hind, on the coast of
Concan, 15 m. S. Choule.
Suffidd^ p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the W. side of
Connecticut river, 17 m. N. Hartford, 10 S.
Springfield, Massachusetts. Pop. 2,680. It con-
tains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1
for Baptists.
Suffidd, t. Portage CO. Ohio, 11m. S.W.Ra-
venna. Pop. in 1815, 300.
Suffolk, county, Eng. bounded N. by Norfolk,
E. by the German sea, S. by Essex, and W. by
Cambridgeshire. Area, about 800,000 acres.
Pop. 234,211. Ipswich is the county town.
Suffolk, CO. Mass. comprises the towns of Boston
and Chelsea. Pop. 34,381.
Suff'olk, CO. N. Y. comprising the W. part of
Long Island. Pop. 21,113; in 1820,24,756. Chief
town, River Head.
Suffolk, p-t. and cap. Nansemond co. Va. on
Nansemond river, which is navigable to this place
for vessels of 250 tons. Suffolk contains a court-
house and jail, and about 50 houses. 28 m. W. by
S. Portsmouth, 83 E. S.E. Petersburg, 110 S. E.
Richmond.
Sugar Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E.
branch of the Susquehannah.
Sugar Creek, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
355.
Sugar Creek, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Woos-
ter. Pop. in 1819, 570.
Sugar Creek, t. Green co. Ohio.
Sugar Creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Musking-
um at New Philadelphia.
Sugar Loaf, cape on the W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 12" 5' S.
Sugar Loaf, t. Luzerne co. Pa.
Sugarloaf Point, cape on the W. coast of the
northern island of New Zealand. Lon. 185° 8' W.
Lat. 29° 3' S.
Sugar River, r. N. H. which runs intotlie Con-
necticut at Claremont. It is the outlet of Suna-
pee lake.
Sugenheim, t. Germany, 20 m. N. Anspach, 24
f-j. W. Bamberg. Lon. 10° 31' E. Lat. 49° 40' N.
Sugoully, t. Hind, in Bahar, 10 m. E. S. E.
Bettiah. Lon. 84" 44' E. Lat. 26° 43' N.
Sugnlmessa, or Sigilmessa, or Segilmessa, t. Mo-
rocco, cap. of a district, and at one time cap. of a
kingdom to wliich it gave name, now called Taji-
Itt. 72 m. E. Tafilet. Lon. 3° 18' W. Lat. 31°
26' N.
Suhla, t. Germany, 7 m. S. E. Smalkalden.
Lon. 10° 58' E. Lat. 50° 40' N. Pop. 6,100.
Suklingen, t. Hanover, in the county of Hoya,
14 m. S. W. Hoya. Pop. 1,350.
Sujatpour, t. Hind, in Bengal, 62 m. N. E. Dac-
ca. Lon. 91° 25' E. Lat. 24° 20' N.
Srijazk, t. Russia, in Kajan, at the union of the
river Svijaga with the Volga. 20 m. W. Kazan.
Lon. 48° 34' E. Lat. 55° 45' N.
Suilliat, T. Eng. in Gloucester, whjch yiuis into
1 he A voB, near Tewkesbury. -i^i
S U L
715
Suilly, small isl. in the Bristol channel, near
the coast of Wales. Lon. 3" 11' W. Lat. 51°
23' N.
Suippe, t. France, in Marne, on a river of the
same name. 15 m. W. St. Menehould, 12 N. Cha -
Ions sur Marne.
Suippe, r. France, which runs into the Aisne,
6 m. N. E. Roucy.
Suir, r. Russia, which forms a communication
between lakes Ladoga and Onezskoe.
Suirc, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea in
Waterford harbor.
Sukana, or Sukna, t. Syria, 140 m. S. S. E. Alep-
po.
Sulau, or Zulauf, t. Silesia, 17 m. N. N. W
Oels, 18 N. E. Wohlau. Lon. 17° 10' E. Lat. 51
30' N. Pop. 920.
Suldingen, r. Germany, which runs into the
Weser, 4 m. S. Bahrenburg.
Sulen, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine,
7 m. above Cologne.
Sule7i Islands, small islands near the coast of
Norway. Lon. 4° 45' E. Lat. 61° 5' N.
Suliago, or Suriago, islands in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 125° 27' to 128° 30' E. Lat. 9° 24' to 10'
32' N.
Suliago, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 126° 27'
E. Lat. 9° 27' N.
Stdiskar, or Bara, small isl. in the North sea, 45
m. from the N. W. part of Scotland. Lon. 5° 53'
W. Lat. 58° 44' N.
Sullane, r. Ireland, which runs into the Lee, 1 "»
m. W. Cork.
Sullivan, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on French-
man's bay, 30 m. E. Castine.
Sullivan, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 35 m. S. W.
Concord. Pop. 516.
Sullivan, co, N. Y. inclosed by the counties of
Delaware, Ulster, and Orange, and by Delaware
river. Pop. 6,103. Chief town, Thompson.
Sullivan, p-t. INTadison co. N. Y. on Oneida lake.
Pop. 1,974. In this town is abundance of gyp-
sum.
Sullivan, co. East Tennessee, on Holston river.
Pop. 6,847, including 773 slaves. Chief town,
Blountsville.
Sullivan, co. Indiana, on the Wabash. Chief
town. Fort Harrison.
Sullivan Island, small isl. on the N. side of
Charleston harbor, 6 m. below the city. It is
much resorted to by the citizens of Charleston
during the summer months.
Sulm, or Sulmbach, r. Germany, which runs
into the Neckar near Neckar's Ulm.
Sulmnna, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, the see
of a bishop. 21 m. S. Civita Chieta, 72 N. Naples.
Lon. 13° 59' E. Lat. 42° 3' N. Pop. 6,000.
Sulphur Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 5 miles
long. Lon. 141° 12' E. Lat. 24° 48' N.
Sulphur Spring, r. N. Y. which joins Tonne-
wanta creek in Clarence, Niagara co.
SuUan Hisar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, once a
strong place, 52 m. S. E. Milets, 23 E. Sclavonia.
Lon. 28° 4' E. Lat. 37° 51' N.
Sultanabnd, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by
Rajemal and Awmore, E. by Raujeshy, S.by Bir-
boom, and W. by Birboom and Hendooa.
Suitania, t. Persia, in Irak, formerly one of the
largest cities in Asia. The streets are now de-
serted, and the inhabitants scarcely amount to
6,000. 250 m. N. N. W. Ispahan. Lon. 48° 26' E.
Lat. 36° 28' N.
SuUanponr, t. Hind, in Lahore, 62 m. S. E. La-
716
SUM
hore, 228 N. W. Delhi. Lon. 73' 50' E. Lat. 30"
25' N.
Sulianpour, t. Hind, in OuJe, 50 m. N. Allaha-
bad, 32 S. Fyzabad. Lon. 82" 24' E. Lat. 26° 18' N.
Suite, or Sulse, t. Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, with
some salt works. 23 m. E. Rostock. Lon. 12° 40'
E. Lat. 54° 8' N. Pop. 1,600.
Sultzburg, t. Baden, 20 m. N. N. E. Bale.
Suls, t. Wurtember^, near the Neckar, with salt
works. 12 m. S. E. Freudenstadt, 12 N. Roth-
well. Lon. 8" 40' E. Lat. 48° 18' N. Pop. 2,200.
Siilza, t. Saxe-Weimar, on the Ilm, 14 m. N.E.
Weimar, 9 S. E. Naumburg. Lon. 11°42'E. Lat.
51° 6' N.
Sulsbach, t. Bavaria, 48 m. N. N. E. Ingolstadt,
35 N. N. W. Ratisbon. Lon. 11° 45' E. Lat. 49°
30' N. Pop. 3,200.
Sulsburg, Ober, t. and citadel, Bavaria, 29 m.
W. N. W. Ratisbon, 2 S. E. Freyenstatt. Lon. 11°
20' E. Lat. 49° & N.
Sumany Town, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. 33 m.
N. M'. Philadelphia.
Samasinta, r. Mexico, which runs into the bay
ofCampeachy. Lon. 92° 40' W. Lat. 18"20'N.
Sumatra, a large isl. in the E. Indian sea, and
most westerly of those called the Islands of Sunda,
about 700 miles long from N. W. to S. E. and 180
broad. The equinoxial line passes nearly through
the centre. It is separated from the continent of
Asia by the straits of Malacca, and by the straits
of Sunda, from the island of Java on the B. A
ridge of mountains extends through its whole
lengtn. Mount Ophir, the highest summit, 13,482
feet above the Irvel of the sea. Between these
mountains are extensive plains, considerably ele-
vated above the level of the ocean, which are the
best cultivated and most populous parts of the isl-
and. The heat of the climate is not so great as
might be expected ; the thermometer at the most
sultry hour generally fluctuating between 82° and
83°; at sun-rise it is usually as low as 70°. The
soil of the island is generally a stiff reddish clay,
covered with a stratum or layer of black mould of
no great depth. On this is naturally a strong and
perpetual verdure. For many ages Sumatra has
been famous for its gold, which seems at present,
however, nearly exhausted. There are also mines
of copper, iron and tin, salpetre, sulphur, coal,
ivory, coffee, cotton, betel-nuts, tobacco, rice,
cotton, and especially pepper, are also among the
productions of the island. The religion is pagan-
ism, and the inhabitants are cannibals. In 1818,
a Baptist missionary established himself in this
island, with a printing press.
Sumbara. See Cumbava.
Sumhul, t. Hind, and cap. of a district in Oude,
45 m. W. N. W. Bereillv, 65 E. Delhi. Lon. 78°
55' E. Lat. 28° 30' N.
Sumbulpour, or Sumelpour, t. Hind, and cap. of
a circar in Orissa, 144 m. W. N. W. Cattack, 280
W. Calcutta. Lon. 83° 40' E. Lat. 21° 25' N.
Sumene, t. France, in Gard, 4 m. E. Le Vigan,
18S. W.Alais.
Sumi, t. Russia, in Charkov, 68 m. N. N. W.
Charkov. Lon. 35° 4' E. Lat. 50° 54' N.
Summaro, small isl. in the Baltic, S. E. of Aland.
Lon. 20" 5' E. Lat. 59° 58' N.
Summer/ield, pt. Guilford co. N. C.
Summei-kioum, t. Birmah, on the Irawuddy, 60
m. S. S. W. Ava.
Summers Islands. See Bermuda
Summit, t. Schoharie co. N. Y.
Sumner, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. N. E. Pa-
ris. Fop. 611.
SUN
Sumner^ co. West Tennessee, on the N. side of
Cumberland river. Pop. 13,792, including 3,734
slaves. Chief town, Gallatin.
Sumpter, district, S. C. Pop. 19,054, including
11,638 slaves.
Sumptersi-ille, p-t. Claremont co. S. C. Lode-
bar academy is 10 miles from this place.
Sumrah, t. Syria, 18 m. N. E. Tripoli.
Sunapee, lake, N. H. on the borders of Hills-
borough and Cheshire counties, 1 1 miles long, and
li wide, and discharges its waters through Sugar
river into the Connecticut. It is on the height of
land between the waters of the Connecticut and
those of the Merrimack. It is in contemplation to
connect these two rivers by a canal from the
Merrimack to this lake.
Sunbury, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames ;
16m.W. S.W.London.
Sunbury, co. New Brunswick, on the bay of
Fundy, at the mouth of St. Johns river, bounded
N. W. by York co. N. E. by Northumberland co.
S. E. by Queen's co. and S. W. by Charlotte co.
Sunbury, bor. p-t. and cap. Northumberland co.
Pa. on the E. side of Susquehannah river, just be-
low the junction of the E. and W. branches, 2 m.
S. of Northumberland, 56 N. Harrisburg. It is
regularly laid out, and contains a court-house,
jail, Presbyterian, and Lutheran church. Pop.
790.
Sunbury, p-t. Gates co. N. C.
Sunbury, p-t. and port of entry, Liberty co.
Geo. between Midway and Newport rivers, at the
headofSt. Catherine's sound, 40 m. S. Savannah.
It is a pleasant and healthy place, and is resorted
to ill the summer months by the planters of the
adjacent country. In 1788, an academy was es-
tablished here, which is a flourishing and highly
respectable institution. The average number of
students is 100.
Sunbury, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Suncook, r. N. H. which joins the E. side of the
Merrimack, in AUenstown, 7 m. below Concord.
Sunda Islands, a name given to several islands
in the E. Indian sea, of which Sumatra, Borneo,
and Java are the chief.
Sunda, (^Straits of,) a strait of the E. Indian sea,
between the islands of Sumatra and Java.
Sundal, t. Norway, in Drontheim, on the Dri-
va, 66 m. S. S. W. Drontheim.
Sundeep, or Su7idiva, isl. at the mouth of the
Burrampooter, about 100 miles in circumference.
Lon . 9 r 33' E. Lat. 22° 28' N .
Sunderbunds, a large tract of country of Hin-
doostan, intersected by the Mouths of the Ganges,
in the S. part of the country of Bengal. It is com-
pletely enveloped in woods, and infested with ty-
gers. Here salt is made in quantities equal to the
the whole consumption of Bengal and its depen-
dencies.
Sunderdoo, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Hindoostan, 36 m. N. N. W. Goa. Lon.
73°20'E. Lat. 16° 3' N.
Sunderhamn. See Soderhumn.
Sunderkioping, See Soderkioping.
Sunderland, seaport, Eng. in Durham, at the
mouth of the Wear. 'The harbour is too shallow
for large vessels. It has been greatly enriched by
the coal trade and its salt pans. 13 m. N. E. Dur-
ham, 270 N. London. Lon. 1° 22' W. Lat. 54" 59'
N. Pop. 12,289.
Sunderland, t. Bennington co. Vt. 15 m. N. E.
Bennington. Pop. 575.
Sundsrland, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. on the E.
SUP
iide of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Greenfield,
Pop. 551.
Sunderland Point, cape, Eng. at the mouth of
the river Lune, 5 m. S. S. W. Lancaster.
Sunderland Point, cape, Engf. in the German
sea. Lon. V44' W. Lat. 52° 27' N.
Sundershausen. See Sondershausen.
Sundira. See Sundeep.
Sundsio, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 10 m. S. S. E.
Ostersund.
Sundi, province of Africa, in Congo, on the
river Zaire.
Sundswall, seaport, Sweden, in Medclpad, on
the gulf of Bothnia, 20 m. S. Hernosand, 185 N.
Stockholm. Lon. IT 5' E. Lat. 62° 47' N.
Sunerampour, t. Bengal, 40 m. N. E. Dacca.
Lon. 91° 9' E. Lat. 24° 2' N.
Sunergong, or Sunnergaum, or Sonergong, t.
Bengal, on one of the branches of the Burrampoo-
ter, 14 m. S. E. Dacca.
Sunjish, t. Pike co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 4 m.
below Piketon.
Sunjish Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 30 m. below Wheeling.
Sunk Island, isl. Eng. on the river Humber,
about 2 miles long. 10 m. N. W. Spurn Head.
Sicnkar, r. Hind, which runs into the bay of Ben-
gal, in lon. 90° 58' E. laL 22° 5' »V.
SuTikersur, t. Hind, in Bahar, 38 m. N. Hajy-
pour. Lon. 85° 25' E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Sunnanskar, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 21° 8' E. Lat. 61° 25' N.
Sunnoul, t. Hind, in Bahar, 13 m. S. Bettiah.
Lon. 84° 49' E. Lat. 26° 33' N.
Sunning, v. Eng. on both sides of the Thames,
partly in Berkshire, and partly in Oxfordshire, 5
m. E. Reading, 35 W. London.
Sunning-Hill, v. Eng. in Berkshire, 8 m. E.
Wokingham, 24 W. London.
Superg I, or Sune.rgue, a religious foundation of
Piedmont, on a high hill, 3 m. N. N. E. Turin.
Superior, Lake, the largest lake in N. America,
and supposed to be the largest body of fresh water
on the globe, lies on the boundary line between
the U. States and the British possessions, and ex-
tends from 84° 40' to 92° W. Ion. and from 46° 30'
to 49° N. lat. Its greatest length from E. to W.
is 490 miles, and its circumference 1 ,700. It has
a number of large and well wooded islands, the
principal of which are Maurepas, Phillipeaux, the
island of Yellow Sands, and Isle Royal, the last of
which is said to be 100 miles long, and 40 broad.
The country on the north and east of lake Supe-
rior is said to be mountainous and barren, and the
coasts are an embankment of rock from 300 to
1,500 feet high. The southern coast is very ele-
vated, in some places sandy, but generally rocky
and sterile, yet abounding with copper, iron and
lead, which promise to become important items in
the future commerce of the country. It is dan-
gerous of navigation, being subject to fogs, mists,
and storms, which often prove disastrous to ca-
noes ; yet it presents two harbours for vessels
which are rarely equalled ; viz. Grand Isle and
Chegoimegon bay ; the former being perhaps the
most capacious, deep, and completely land-locked
of any in America. The lake abounds with fish,
and some of the trout weigh 50 pounds, but it is
not a favourite resort of water fowl. The waters
of the lake are discharged at its S. E. corner,
through the straits of St. Mary into lake Huron.
Supine, t. Naples, 13 m. S. S. E Molise.
Supply^ s Passage, channel of the Pacific ocean,
S U R
717
between Sirius island and Queen Charlotte's isl-
and.
Sur, or Sour, t. Syria, in the Pachalic of Saida,
or Acre, the remains of the ancient and celebrated
Tyre, on a peninsula which projects from the
shore into the sea, in the form of a mallet with an
oval head. This head is a solid rock, covered with
a brown cultivable earth, which forms a small
plain of about 800 paces long by 400 broad. Tyre
was founded by the Sidonians, even prior to the
time of Joshua. It was comprehended in the
tribe of Asher, though the Israelites were never
completely masters of it. There were two cities,
the oldest of which was called Palatums, and the
other simply Tyre. The former was on the con-
tinent, and the other on an island. Nebuchadnez-
zar took it, and destroyed it ; but it is not known
whether the city razed by that prince was Paloe-
tyrus, or the new Tyre. The prophets had fore-
told its destruction and revival ; but as Ezekiel had
expressly announced that the ancient city would
never rise from its ruins, the most judicious writ-
ers agree in thinking that the total destruction of
Tyre concerned the first, and its revival the sec-
ond. However this may be, this second Tyre con-
tinued to be famous, and celebrated by its naviga-
tion and commerce. Syria and Phoenicia had
been some time under the power of Alexander the
Great, when he made preparations for the con-
quest of this place. Built in an island, it was sep-
arated from the continent by an arm of the sea
half a mile broad. The conqueror made several
unsuccessful attempts to take it ; but he at length
determined to fill up the strait, and unite the isl-
and to the continent. The city was taken in the
seventh month after it had been besieged. The
sacred scriptures reckon amongst the number of
the illustrious men of Tyre, king Hiram, the
friend of David and Solomon, who granted the ce-
dars of Lebanon for building, the Temple of Jeru-
salem. Two famous councils were held at Tyre :
the first in 335, the other in 448. It now con-
tains about 3,500 inhabitants. Relics of ancient
Tyre are every where to be seen. Numerous
and beautiful columns lie along the beach, or half
buried in the sand, and the broken aqueduct and
other ruins appear in its vicinity. 18 m. S. S. W.
Saida, 80 N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35° 13' E. Lat 33°
13' N.
Sura, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu-
phrates, 55 m. S. Rahabeh.
Sura, t. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates, 150 m.
N. N. W. Bassora, 160 S. Bagdad.
Sura, r. Norway, in Drontheim, which runs in-
to the North sea, opposite Christiansand.
Sura, r. Russia, which runs into the Volga, near
Vasil.
Surajepour, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Ganges,
25 m. N. N. W. Furruckabad.
Suran, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka,
32 m, N. E. Sclobodskoi.
Sural, city, Hind, in Guzerat, in a large and
fertile plain, on the S. bank of the Taptee. On
the land side it is encompassed with two brick
walls, which divide it into the Inner and the Out-
er Town. The citadel stands within the inner,
on the shore of the Taptee, and is divided by
trenches from the town. The squares are large,
and the streets spacious. Ships cannot enter the
harbour, because the Taptee is fall of sand-banks.
A large portion of the inhabitants are Moors, that
is Arabs, Persians, Monguls, and Turks, profess-
ing Mahomedanism, but retaining some Pagan
718
S U R
rites. All people of distinction speak and write
the Persian language. Suratis celebrated as the
port whence the Mahomedans of India embark on
their pilgrimage to Mecca. The great trade car-
ried on at Surat renders it the store-house of the
most precious productions of Hindoostan. Hither
is brought from the interior an immense quantity
of goods, which the merchants carry in their ships
to the Arabic gulf, the Persian gulf, the coast of
Malabar, the coast of Coromandel, and even to
China. The provinces near this city are full of
manufactures of all sorts. There are 3 English
missionr^ries here, with a printing establishment,
and the printing of the New Testament in the Gu-
zeratte language has commenced. 112 m. S. Ame-
dabad, 200 VV. N. W. Aurungabad. Lon. 72'^ 49'
E. Lat. 21" 12' N. Pop. estimated at 500,000.
Surat Passage, channel of the E. Indian Sea,
between the N. part of Sumatra, and Stony Island,
Lat. 3° 32' N.
Surazsk, t. Russia, in Novgorod Sieverskoi, 72
m. N. N. W. Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon. 32° 22'
E. Lat. 54° N.
Suren, r. Switz. which runs from the lake of
Sempach, into the Aar, 2 m. N. E. Arau.
Surgooja, t. Hind, and capital of a circar, in
Orissa, 180 m. S. S. W. Fatna, 276 W. Calcutta.
Lon. 83° 31' E. Lat. 23" 6' N.
Surguinerville, p-v. Hawkins co. Tennessee.
Surgut, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Oby, 284
m. N. N. E. Tobolsk. Lon. 73° 14' E. Lat. 61°
22' N.
Surinam, country, S. America, and part of Gui-
ana, bounded N. by the Atlantic, E. by the river
Maroni, S. by a country of Indians, and W. by the
river Corentyn ; about 150 m. from E. to W. and
60 from N. to S. The principal rivers are the
Surinam, from which the colony takes its name,
the Corentyn, the Copenarae, the Seramica, aiid
the Marawina. The first only is navigable. The
banks of all the rivers are inhabited by Europe-
ans, and planted with sugar, cocoa, cotton, and
indigo. Though situated, like Guinea, under the
torrid zone, the heats are much more supportable
than those on that part of the African coast. The
scorching rays of the sun are daily tempered by
cooling breezes from the sea. In general, the soil
is abundantly fruitful ; the earth during the whole
of the year is adorned with continual verdure, the
trees loaded at the same time with blossoms and
ripe fruit, and the whole presenting to the view
the delightful union of spring and summer. The
principal animals of prey are tigers; apes are
abundant, as likewise parrots, scorpions, a great
variety of insec;ts and serpents of an amazing size.
The rivers abound with alligators, and in the Sur-
inam, is found that wonderful fish the electrical
eel. This colony is the only part of South Ameri-
ca, at present belonging to the Dutch. Pop.
6,000 whites, and 75,000 slaves. Paramaribo is
the chief town. Lon. 53" 40' to 66° 25' W. Lat. 4°
45' to 6° N.
Surinam, r. S. America, in Guiana, which af-
ter a winding course of about 150 miles, from S.
to N. falls into the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 6° 25' N.
lon. 55" 40' W. It is navigable for large vessels,
above 90 miles.
SuTov, or Soroc, isl, off the coast of Norway, 44
miles lona:, and 8 broad. Lon. 22" 14' E. Lat. 70"
34' N.
Surroopour, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by
Rungpour, E. bj Rnngpour and Goragot, S. by
S U S I
Goragot and Dinagepour, and W. by Dinagepotfil^l^
Shaumgunge is the chief town.
Surn/, county, Eng. bounded N. by the Thames,
which divides it from Middlesex, E. by Kent, S.
by Sussex, W. by Hampshire, and N. W. bv Berk-
shire. Pop. 323,851.
Surri/, CO. Lower Canada.
Surry, p-t. Hancock co, Maine, 18 m. N. E.
Castine. Pop. 360.
Surrj/, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 40 m. S. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 564.
Surry, CO. Va. on the S. side of James river,
bounded N. by Charles-city and James-city cos.
E. by Isle -of- Wight, Southampton and Sussex cos.
and W. by Sussex and Prince George cos. Pop.
6,855, including 3,440 slaves. It contains a court-
house and jail of brick, 8 churches, 3 for Episco-
palians, 3 for Methodists and 2 for Baptists.
Surry, CO. in the N. VV. part of N. C. Pop.
10,366, including 1,469 slaves.
Sitrsee, t. Switz. in Lucerne, 13 m. N. W. Lu-
cerne, 26 E. Soleure. Lon. 7" 55' E. Lat. 47° 5' N.
Surseff, t. Africa, in Tunis, 8 m. W, El Medea,
38 E. Cairoan.
Sursooti/, fort, Hind. 114 m. N. W. Delhi. Lon.
75° 35' E. Lat. 29° 15' N.
Sursooty, r. Hind, in Guzerat, which runs into
the Indian Sea, 40 m. S. W. Junagur.
Sursooty, r. Hind, which joins the Caggar, 105
miles N. W. Delhi. This is one of the seven sa-
cred rivers of the Hindoos.
Sitrlai7iville, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of the Channel, 13 m. W. Valognes, 12 S. S.
W. Chcrburg.
Survnga, or Suisja, s-p. Japan, in the island of
Niphon, and the capital of a province of the same
name, once the residence of the emperors. It has
now fallen to decay. 170 m. E. Msaco.
Sus, r. Morocco, which runs into the Atlantic,
near Santa Cruz. It gives name to a province
which it bounds on the south.
Sur, or Sous, or Suz, country, Africa, in Mo-
rocco, bounded E. by Darah, S. by Nun, and W.
by the Atkmtic. Its wealth consists in cattle,
camels, indigo, alum, calamine, and red copper.
The principal towns are Tarudant, and Aguadir.
Susa, t. Africa, in Tunis, nf;ar the E. coast, one
of the most considerable towns of the Tunis'^ans,
24 m. E. Cairoan, 54 S. Tunis. Lon. 10" 3 E. Lat.
35" 46' N.
Susa, t. Persia, in Chorasan, 130m. S. E. Neisa-
bour. Lon. 59" 59' E. Lat. 36" 16' N.
S^tsa. See Tostar and Suza.
Susannah, v. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Ohio
river, 12 m. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 50
Susounder, t. Hind, in Bahar, 35 m. W. S. W.
Avrah. Lon. 84° 13' E. Lat. 25° 22' N.
Susqutkannah, river, one of the largest rivers in
the United States, ir, formed by the union of two
principal branches, the eastern and western.
The Eastern branch rises in Otsego lake, (N. Y.)
and running S. W. receives the Tioga near the
Pennsylvania boundary. It then flows first S. E.
and then S. W. till it receives the Western branch
at Northumberland, after which the course of the
river is first S. and then S. E. till it falls into the
head of Chesapeake bay near the N. E. corner of
Maryland. During the last 50 miles of it* course
the navigation of the river is obstructed by an al-
most continued series of rapids, but further up, to
the union of the two branches, there is no obstruc- •
tion which cannot be surmounted at a moderate
s u z
SWA
71»
wtpense. The navigation of the river i3 good for
export trade, and immense quantities of lamber
in the form of boards, scantling, shingles, &c. con-
tinually descend it to Baltimore.
Smquehannah, co. in the N. part of Pa. Chief
town, Montrose.
Sussex, county, Eng. bounded N. by Surry and
Kent, N. E. by Kent, S. E. and S. by the English
Channel, and W. by Hampshire. Pop 190,083.
Sussex, t. King's co. New Brunswick, on Ken-
nebecasis bay.
Sussex, CO. N. J. bounded N. E. by New-York,
N. W. by Delaware river which separates it from
Pennsylvania, S. E. and S. by Bprgen, Morris, and
Hunterdon counties. Pop. 25,549. Chief town,
Newtown.
. Sussex, CO. Delaware, bounded N. by Kent co.
E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic, S. and W.
by Maryland. Pop. 27,750, including 2,402 slaves.
Chief towns, Georgetown and Lewistown.
Siissex, CO. Va, bounded N. E. by Surry co. S.
E. by Southampton co. S. W. by Greenville co.
and bv Dinwiddle and Prince George cos. Pop.
11,362, including 6,640 slaves. At the court-
house is a post office.
Susser. See Tostar.
Suialary, t. Hind, in Bengal, 65 m. S. Dacca.
Lon. 90" i9' E. Lat. 22° 40' N.
Sutelege, or Sctlegc, or SutkJ, r. Hind, which
rises in the mountains of Thibet and falls into the
Indus near Veh.
SiUer Point, cape, Eng. on the coast of Durham.
Lat. 55° 2' N.
Sutherland Point, the S. point at the entrance
into Botany Bay, New Holland.
Sutherlandshire, county, Scotland, bounded W.
and N. by the sea, E. by the county of Caithness,
S. E. by the Frith of Dornoch, and S. and S. W. by
the county of Ross. Pop. 2;i,6'^9.
Suthiali, t. Abascia, on the Black Sea, 20 m. S.
VV. Mamak. Lon. 38" E. Lat. 43° 21' N.
Sutlej. See Sutelege.
Sufors, the two capes at the entrance of the bay
of Croma.rty, Scotland, li miles apart.
Sulri, t. Popedom, tlie see of a bishop, 22 m. N.
W. Rome, 12 S. Viterbo. Lon. 12° 15' E. Lat.
42° 13' N.
Sudan, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. Hull.
Sutton, L Eng. in Cheshire, 2 m. from Stockport.
Sutton, t. Bedfoi-d co. Lower Canada, S. E.
Montreal. Pop. 1,200.
Sutton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 20 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,328.
Sutton, Vt. See Billimead.
Sutton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass 9 m. S. Worces-
ter. Pop. 2,660. See Millbury.
Sutton in AshH.eld, t. Eng. in Nottinghamshire,
3 m.S.W^ Mansfield.
Sutton Colejleld, t. Eng. in Warwick, 7 m. N.
Birmingham, 111 N. W. London. Lon. 1° 48' W.
Lat. 52° 34' N.
Sutton St. Mary, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 5 m.
E. Holbcach.
Sawarruw Islands, cluster of small islands in the
S. Pacific Ocean, discovered in 1814, by the com-
mander of a Russian ship. They are uninhabit-
ed. Lat. 13° 13' 15" S. Lon. 163" 31' 4" \V. being
about midway between Navigator's and the So-
ciety islands.
Suza, city, Piedmont, on the river Dora Ripa-
ria, at the foot of the Alps, anciently called Secu-
iium, or Segusium, or Segussina. It has frequent-
ly been sacked by armies which have passed &m\
repassed from France into Italy : being situated
on the frontiers of France and Savoy. It is at
present small and poor, with single walls, but de-
fended by a citadel with a strong garrison. 23 m.
W. N. W. Turin, 19 N. E. Briancon. Lon. T
10' E. Lat. 45° 8' N.
Susdal, t. Russia, in Vladimir, on the Nerl,
the see of a bishop, 24 m. N. N. E. Vladimir. Lon.
40° 44' E. Lat. 56° 16' N.
Suze, r. Switz. which runs into the lake of Bi-
enne, 1 m. below Bienne.
Sivabia, formerly a circle of Germany, bounded
N. by the palatinate of the Rhine and Franronia,
E. by Bavaria, S. by Switzerland, the Lake of
Constance, and the Tyrolese, and W. by France.
Sivaffhatii, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 15 m. S. E. Lynn,
94 N. N. E. London. Lon. 0° 41' E. Lat. 52" 39' N.
Swale, {East and West,) the two branches of the
Medway; the East Swale branches off to the
right, and runs S. to the island of Sheppey, and
joins the Thames, below Shelness. The West
Swail, or main stream proceeds due N. and joins
the Tiiames at Sheerness.
Sicale. r. Eng. in Yorkshire, which runs into the
Ou!3e, near Boroughbridge.
Swallow Harbor, harbor in the straits of Magel-
lan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 74°
35' W. Lat. 53° 29' N.
Swalloto Island, one of those called Queen Char-
lotte's Islands, about six leagues in length. Lon.
165° 58' E. Lat. 10° 8' S.
Swallow Point, cape on the N. coast of the isl-
and of Egmont. Lon. 164° 26' E. Lat. 10° 42' S.
Swalley, s-p. Hind, on the coast of the Gulf of
Cambaya, 15 m. W. Surat. Lon. 72° 32' E. Lat.
21° 10' N.
Swalm, r. Netherlands, which runs into the
Meuse, 5 m. below Ruremond.
Swamscot. See Exeter river.
Swan, t. Hancock co. Maine, 15 m. N. W. Cas-
tine.
Swan Island, Maine, divides the waters of Ken-
nebeck river from the chops of Merrymeeting
bay. It is 7 miles long, and has a navigable chan-
nel on both sides.
Swannagc, or Swanwich, v, Eng. in Dorset, at
the S. E. extremity of the Isle of Purbeck, 6 m. S.
W. Corf Castle, 122 W. London. Lon. 2° 4' W.
Lat. 50° 34' N.
Swan river, r. N. America, which runs into Lit-
tle Winnipec Lake. It is navigable to the fort, 12
miles from its mouth.
Su-an river, r. N. Amoi'ica, which runs into the
E. side of the Mississippi. It rises in Swan lake,
and is about 60 miles long.
Swansborough, p-t. and cap. Onslow co. N. C.
on White Oak river, 40 m. S. W. Newbern. Pop.
100.
Swansea, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. situated
on a bay in the Bristol Cliannel, at the mouth of
the Tawy, for which reason it is called Abcr-Tau.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade iu
coals, pottery, and smelting of copper and lead
ores. Pop. 6,009. 55 m. E. Haverfordwest, 205
W. London. Lon. 3° 59' W, Lat. .51° 43' N.
Swansey, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 44 m. S. \N..
Concord." Pop. 1,400.
Swansey, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. S. Taunton .
Pop. 1,839.
Stvanton, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, 28 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 1,657.
Swantown, t. Kent'co. Md, 3 m. S. V. Genr,?^-
tov/n.
720
S W E
Swanville, t Hancock co. Maine, on the VV.
side of Penobscot river.
Swarlsluys, fortress, Netherlands, on the river
Vecht, 28 m. W. Covorden, 33 N. Zutphen.
Swutara, r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehan-
nah at Middletown.
Swatara, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,291.
Hweasysville, p-t. Adanis co. Mississippi.
Siceden, country, Europe, bounded N. by Nor-
wegian Lapland. E. by Russia, the gulf of Bothnia
and the Baltic, S. by the Baltic, and W. by the
Scaggerac and Norway. In 1800, Sweden con-
tained 288,160 sq. miles, and 3,182,139 inhabit-
ants. In 1808, Finland, containing 99,627 sq.
miles and 834,838 inhabitants was ceded to Rus-
sia. In 1814, Norway, with 161,000 sq. miles and
930,000 inhabitants was added, making the whole
extent of the Swedish dominions at present inclu-
ding Norway, about 350,000 square miles, and
the population, 3,300,000. The established reli-
gion of Sweden is Lutheran. The revenue was
stated by Hassel in 1809, at $6,660,000, and the
debt at about $14,500,800. The navy in 1808,
consisted of 20 ships of the line, 16 frigates, and 22
smaller vessels, manned by 1,500 marines and
7,200 seamen. The army in 1808, consisted of
43,275 men. It is situated between 10° and 25"
E. Ion. and 55° and 70° N. lat. The winter is
long, dry, and exceedingly cold ; the summer
short and hot. The Swedes experience a rapid
change from the former of these seasons to the lat-
ter ; spring and autumn being almost unknown.
During the long nights of winter, the moon, the
aurora borealis, and the reflection of the snow,
produce a mild and agreeable light. In summer,
the sun remains so long above the horizon, that
the night consists only of a slight twilight. The
pure and sharp air which the Swedes breathe,
renders them vigorous, and preserves them from
epidemical diseases. They often attain to a very
great age. The pine and the fir are the principal
forest-trees. Sweden is rich in iron and copper,
and has abundance of lead, marble, alum, lime-
stone, coal, vitriol, curious petrifat-tions, porphy-
ry, amethysts, loadstone, slate, talc, quicksilver,
sulphur, mother of pearl, and in some places
silver. The soil of the plains and vallies which
lie between the hills and mountains, is very proper
for cultivation ; and commerce and navigation
are greatly assisted by numerous rivers, bays, and
lakes.
Sweden, or Loi-cl, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m.
S. W. Paris.
Sweden, t. Genesee co. N. Y.
Swedesborough, p-t. Gloucester co. N. J. on Rac-
coon creek, 3 m. above its mouth, 20 S. Philadel-
phia.
Sicedong, t. Burmah, on the left bank of the
Ava, 10 m. N. E. Pegongmew.
Sweepstake'' s Foreland, cape in the Straits of
Magellan. Lon. 7 1" 24' W. Lat. 52" 40' S.
Sweet Springs, p-v. Monroe co. Va. 30 m. E. by
N. Greenbriar, 93 W. Staunton. The mineral
springs are much resorted to in the summer.
Sweet ivater creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
Bear creek.
Siceiny, t. Africa, in Dar Fur, 45 m. N. Cobbe.
Sweioe, small isl. in the Caspian Sea, separated
from the W. coast by a narrow channel, called the
Straits of Apsheron. This island is the place in
which black and dark grey naphtbi is chiefly
found. 25 m. E. Bachu.
S V B
Swelly, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs into
the Foyle, 3 m. N. Liflbrd.
Swift, r. Eng. which runs into the Avon, near
Rugby, in Warwickshire.
Swift, r. N. H. which runs into Saco river, in
Conway.
Swilly, small isl, 13 m. S. of the South Cape of
New Holland. Lon. 147° 6' E. Lat. 43° 55' S.
Swindon, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 10 m. N. Marl-
borough, 84 W. London. Lon. V 4&' W. Lat. 51'
33' N.
Swineshead, v. Eng. in Lincoln, 8 m. E Sleaford.
Swinesund, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 5 m. S.
W. Frederickshall.
Swineford, (King''s,) t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 4
m. S. Wolverhampton.
Swineford, (Old,) t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 2
m. E. Stourbridge.
Sicinton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Don, 9 m,
S. W. Doncaster, 165 N. London.
Su'isserland, or Switzerland, or Helvetia, coun-
try, Europe, bounded N. by Baden and Wurtem-
berg, E. by Austria, S. by Austrian Italy, S. W.
by Savoy, and N. W. by France. It formerly
consisted of 13 cantons, viz. Berne, Zurich,
Bale,Schaffhausen, Lucerne, Underwalden, Uri,
Schweitz, Friburg, Zug, Soleure, Claris and
Appenzel. In 1803, the constitution underwent
a considerable change, and the country was
formed into 19 cantons. The new cantons were
Aargau, formed from a part of the canton of Berne,
Grisons, St. Gall, Tesin, Thurgau and Vaud. In
1815 three more new cantons were added, viz,
Valais, Geneva and Neufchatel, making the pres-
ent number 22. Extent, 18,000 square miles.
Switzerland, especially in the south, is compos-
ed of high mountains and deep vallies, interspersed
with beautiful lakes, and abounds with the wildest
and most picturesque scenery. The Alps run
along the whole southern boundary, and their
summits and ridges are covered with glaciers or
fields of ice of vast extent and magnificence.
These immense masses often reach down the sides
of the mountains, even to the borders of the culti-
vated vallies, and resting in an inclined position
sometimes slide down the declivity, and in a mo-
ment overwhelm the villages below.
The Swiss are a people of simple manners, in-
dustrious, brave, well educated, fond of liberty,
and strongly attached to their country. The pop-
ulation is about 2,000,000. The cantons are in-
dependent republics, but for the common security
united in a confederacy, governed by a general
diet. The military force in 1809, was 15,023
men, and there were then from 20 to .30,000 Swiss
soldiers in foreign countries. In 1815, the cantons
raised an army of 30,000 men. The inhabitants
are either Calvinists or Catholics. The cantons
of Berne, Aargau, Bale, Schafi'hausen, Zurich,
Vaud, Grisons, and three fourths of Glarus, two-
thirds of Appenzel, and Thurgau are Calvinistic;
the remainder are Catholic.
Switzerland, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop. in
1815,3,500. Chief town, Vevay. It was originally
settled by a company ot Swiss from the Pays de
Vaud in Switzerland. The inhabitants are exten-
sively occupied in the culture of the vine. The
average proceeds of this culture are estimated at
250 gallons of wine per acre. See Vevay.
Swords, t. Ireland, 7 m. N. Dublin.
Syberg, or Sieberg, t. Germany, at the conflu-
ence of the Ruhr and Lenne, 3 m. S. W. Schwiert.
TAB
TAB
721
Si/bithead, tupe on the W. coast of Ireland, in
K^rry, 8 tn. W. N. W. Dingle. Lon. 10" 18' VV.
Lat. 52"11'N.
Sycamore, t. Hamilton co. Ohio.
Sycamore grore, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Sydney Bay, bay on the S. coast of Norfolk isl-
and, in the Paciac ocean. Lon. 168° 2' E. Lat. 29°
5'N.
Sydney Cove, a creek or harbour within Port
Jackson, on the E. coast of New Holland. The
town of Sidney on this cove is the capital of the
British colony of New South Wales. It is a flour-
ishing settlement, containing 7,000 inhabitants, a
bank, with a capital of 20,000Z. and several schools
and charitable institutions. It is perfectly secure
from all winds. Lon. 150" 20' E. Lat. 32" 53' S.
Sydonaia, t. Syria, 12 m. N. E. Damascus.
Syene, or Assuan, city, Egypt, on the E. side of
the Nile. In this town, situated under the tropic,
according to the report of Strabo, a well was sunk
which marked the summer solstice, and the day
was known when the stile of the sun-dial cast no
shade at noon : at that instant the vertical sun
darted his rays to the bottom of the well, and his
image was reflected on the water. Syene is at
present a miserable place, Avith a small fort. The
remains of the ancient town are on an eminence
to the S. Columns and pillars of granite scattered
here and there denote its situation. Here is an-
cient building, perhaps the observatory of the an-
cient Egyptians. 375 m. S. Cairo. Lon. 49° 48'
E. Lat. 24° N.
Sylt, isl. Denmark, in the North sea, 12 m. from
the W. coast of Sleswick, 40 miles in circumfer-
ence. Lon. 8" 20' W. Lat. 8° 20' E. Lat. 54° 55'N.
Symia, (an. Syme,) small isl. in the Grecian Ar-
chipelago. Lon. 27° 34' E. Lat. 36° 38' N.
Symmes creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of the Guyandot.
Synder Head, cape, Denmark, on the E. coast
of Sleswick. Lon. 9° 39' E. Lat. 55° 1 1' N.
Syra, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 12 m. S.
Andros. Lon. 24° 52' E. Lat. 37° 27' N.
Syracuse, s-p. Sicily, in the valley of Noto, and
formerly a superb city, and flourishing republic ;
but war, tyranny, and earthquakes have nearly de-
stroyed it. Of four grand quarters of which the
city was composed, only one, Ortygia, which was
the smallest, now remains ; the other parts are
covered with ruins, intermixed with vineyard?.
fields, and gardens. It is however the see of a
bishop, and has a good harbour. When Syracuse
was besieged by the Piomans, under Marcellus, it
was defended by the ingenuity of the celebrated
Archimedes, who framed such engines of war as
quite disconcerted the measures of the Romans ;
and to his genius alone it was owing, that the city
held out nearly three years against the utmost ef-
forts of a consular army. 71 m. S. Messina, 115 S.
E. Palermo. Lon. 16° 14' E. Lat. 35° 5' N. Pop.
17,000.
Syre, r. Norway, which rises near the mountain.
Lang, runs through the vale of Syre into the lake
of Lunde, and afterwards discharges itself into
the sea, 20 m. W. Syre.
Syria, province, A. Turkey, lying along the
eastern coast of the Mediterranean, and extending
E. to the desert of Arabia. It lies between 31"
and 37" N. lat. The country consists in a great
measure of mountains, which distribute themselves
in various directions, from one leading branch.
Syria unites different climates under the same
sky, and collects, within a narrow compass, pleas-
ures and productions, which nature has elsewhere
dispersed at great distances. It produces, wheat,
rye, barley, beans, and the cotton plant ; indigo,
tobacco, the olive-tree, the white mulberry-tree,
and the vine. Syria is divided into five governments,
or pachalics, viz. the pachalic of Aleppo, Tripoli,
Damascus, Acre, and Palestine ; the whole of
which yields a revenue estimated at 312,500^
sterling. All the troops of the five pachalics uni-
ted amount to no more than 5,700 men.
Syston, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 6 m. N. N. E.
Leicester.
Szalgen, (Island of Serpents,) small isl. in the
Black sea, near the mouth of the Danube. Lon.
30°54'E. Lat. 45°25'N.
Ssamaili, t, Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on the
Dniester, 45 m. S. VV, Bender.
Szeben, t. Hungary on the Tareza, 30 m. N,
Caschau, 48 N. W. Ungvar. Lon. 29° 49' E. Lat.
49° N.
Szeben. See Hermanstadl.
Szekely, or Szekely-hid, t. Hungary, 7 ra. N. N.
W, St. Job, 18 E. S. E. Debreczyn.
Szeksard, t. Hungary, on the Sarvitz, 18 m. N
E. Funf kirchen.
SzpJitze, t, Hungary, 5 m, W. Chaschau.
Taaf. See Tave.
Taaif, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas,60ni. S. E. Mecca.
TaanaOi shiloh, in Sac. Geog.t. Palestine, 10 m.
E. Shechem.
Taos, or Tacts, city of Arabia, in Yemen, 48 m.
E. N. E. Mocha, Lon. 44° 10' E. Lat. 13" 33' N.
Taasinge, isl. of Denmark, 16 miles in circum-
ference, between the islands of Funen andLange-
land. Lon. 10° 37' E. Lat. 55° N.
Taawirry, isl. on the E, side of the inland of Ota-
heite.
Tab, r. Per.sia, which separates Chu«^istan from
91
Farsistan, and runs into the Persian gulf, near
Chintz.
Tuba Islands, 4 small islands near the E, coast
of Borneo. Lon. 118° 12' E. Lat. 2" 6' N,
Tabago, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast
of Mexico, about 3 miles long and 2 broad. 18 m.
S. Panama. Lon. 80° 9' W. Lat. 8" 40' N.
TabajarM, t Africa, in Woolly, 12 m. VV, S, W.
Medina.
Taballar Point, cape on the E. cojrst of Borneo.
Lon. 117" 4' E, Lat. 2° 12' N.
722
TAB
Tabarca, t. Africa, in Tunis, at the mouth of the
Zaine, 60 m. N. W. Tunis.
Tambarca, or Tabaquer, isl, in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coast of Africa, at the mouth of the
Zaine. It is defended by a small castle. Lon. 9''
Hi' E. Lat. 36'' 55' N,
Tabaria, or Taberayan, or Tabarieth, ancient-
ly Tiberias, t. Palestine, on the W. bank of a lake,
called in the scriptures the Lake of-Gcnnesarelh^
or the Sea of Tiberias, and at the foot of a high
and sharp mountain, surrounded with walls ex-
cept towards the water. This town was long the
capital of Galilee, and after the destruction of Je-
rusalem for some time the residence of the high-
priest. 16 m. S. Safad, 45 N. Jerusalem.
Tabas Kihki, or Tabaskili, t. Persia, in Chora-
san, 130 m. S. W. Herat, 290 E, Ispahan. Lon.
S?" 50' E. Lat. 33° N.
Tabasco, r. N. America, which runs into the
bay of Campeachy. Lon. 93° 40' W. Lat. 18° 15' N,
Tabasco, t. Mexico, and formerly capital of a
province to which it gives name, called also by the
Spaniards A'uestra Sennora de la ViUoria. It
stands on an island, at the mouth of the river Gri-
jalva which divides itself, near the sea, into two
branches, of which the western falls into the river
Tabasco. The island on which the town of that
name is built, is about 12 leagues long, and 2i
broad. Lon. 93" 46' W. Lat. 18° 20' N.
Tabasseraii, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 20 m. W.
Derbend.
Tabbajee, t. Africa, in Neola. Lon. 1 1° 8' W.
Lat. 13" 32' N.
Tabenne, isl. in the river Nile, between Dende-
ra and the ruins of the ancient Thebes.
Taberg, t Sweden, in Smaland, 8 m. S. Jonkio-
ping.
Tabernas, t. Spain, in Grenada, 13 m. N. N. E.
Almeria.
Tabinihintac, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into the sea on the N. E. coast, 9 m. from Mirami-
chi river. Here is a thriving settlement.
Tablas, one of the Philippine island?, about 25
miles long from N. to S. Lon. 121° 40' E. Lat. 12°
30' N.
Table Bay, bay of S. Africa, on the west coast,
formed by three lofty mountains. Lon. 18° 15' E.
Lat. 33" 50' S.
Table Island, small isl. near the coast of Spits-
riergen. Lon. 20° 30' E. Lat. 80° 67' N.
Table Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 167° 7' E. Lat. 15" 38' S.
Ihble Ishmdy small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the island of Paraguay. Lon 118" 2' E. Lat. 9°
15' N.
Table Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
93° 32' E. Lat. 14" 8' N.
Table Mountain, mountain of Africa, near the
Cape of Good Hope.
Table mountain, in Pendleton district, S. C.
west of Saluda river, and 4 m. from the N. boun-
'?ary of the State. It is 3, 168 feet higher than the
surrounding country, and 4,300 above the level of
the sea. On one side is a perpendicular precipice
oi solid rock 900 feet high.
TablicT, Le, t. France, in the department of tJie
Vendee, 6 m. S. S. E. La Roche sur Yon, 9 N. W.
Lucon,
7h.bo, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Tabo Dime, s-p. Africa, on the Ivory coast, 90
m. from Cape Palmas.
Taboa, t, Portugal, in Beira, on the Mondego, 9
m.S. Viseu.
T A F
Tabocana, t. Africa, in Quoja. Lafi 5° 55' P*.
Tabocuru, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, in lon. 45° 30' W. Lat. 2" 40' S.
Taboga, See Tabaga.
Taboo, t. Africa, and cap. of a country to the E
of the Sahara. Lon. 12° 10' E. Lat. 24° N.
Tabor, or Hradistie Hory Tabor, (i. e. The
Camp of Mount Tabor,) t. Bohemia. By reason
of its situation on a mountain, and the river Luz-
nice, it is naturally strong. 10 m. N. E. Bechin,
28 S. Prague. Lon. 14° 28' E. Lat. 49° 27' N.
Pop. 3,226.
Tabor, mountain, Palestine, mentioned in Scrip-
ture, 48 m. N. Jerusalem.
Tabris. See Tauris.
Tabuk. See Tahuk.
Tacalea, t. New Granada, at the conflux of the
Cauca and the Magdalena, 85 m. S. E. Carthage-
na, 20 N. W. Mompox.
Tacames, or Atacames, a jurisdiction of New-
Grenada, situated N. of Guayaquil, and W. of the
Andes.
Tacamas, s-p. New Grenada,, in a bay of the Pa-
cific ocean, to which it gives name, 110 m. N. W.
Quito. Lon. 62° W. Lat. 0° 52' N.
Tacazzi, r. Africa, and, next to the Nile, the
largest in Abyssinia. It rises about 150 m. E.
Gondar, and joins the Nile at Ilak, ia Nubia. Lat.
17°45'N.
Tachan, small isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
coast of Cochia-china. Lon. 109° 14' E. Lat. 12'
35' N.
Tachan, cr Tachmv, t. Bohemia, 34 m. W. PU-
sen, 72 W. 3. W, Pn^ue. Lon. 12° 40° E. Lat.
49° 47' N. Pop. 2,800.
Tackumhraet, (an. Siga^ or Sigeicm,') t Alricay,
on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the mouth
of the river Tafna, 44 m. S. W. Oran, 15 N. N. W
Tlemsan. Lon. 0° 55' W. Lat. 35" 30' N,
Tackramah, t. Africa,, on the Gold coast. Lon.
3° 10' W. Lat. 4" 52' N.
Taepoy, t. Thibet, and capital of a district, 126
m. S. E^ Lassa, 152 N. N. W. Ghergong. Lon,
92° 52' E. Lat. 27° 53' N.
Tacsli, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the-
Danube, near Kilia, in Bessarabia.
Tademeri. t. Hind, in Mysore, 100 m. N. E.
Chittledroog, 140 N. N, E. Seringapatam. Lon.
78" E. Lat. 14° 35' N.
Tadcaster, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river
Werf, 9 m. S. W. York, 188 N. London. Lon. 1°
10' W. Lat. 53° 53' N.
Tadivan, or Taduan, t. Persia, in Faristan, 60
m. S. Schiras.
Tadmor. See Palmyra.
Tadousac, t. Lower Canada, at the mouth of the
Saguenay, on the left side of the river St. Law-
ence, 100 m. N. E. Quebec. Lon. 69° 40' W,
Lat. 48° 5' N.
Tadoun, or Tadivan, t. A. Turkey, in Arme-
nia, on the W. coast of the Lake oi Van, 120 m.
S. S. E. Ercerum, 15 E. N. E. Betlis.
Tafale, r. Africa, which runs into the sea, be-
tween the rivers Senegal and Nunez.
Tafalisga, t. Africa, in Jaaga, at the union of the
Falema with the Senegal. Lon. 10° 12' W. Lat.
14" 42' N.
Tafalla, t. Spain, in Navarre. It has an uni-
versity. 15 m. N. W. Sanguesa, 15 S. Pamplona.
Lon. 1° 43' W. Lat. 42° 35' N.
Tafara. t. Africa, in Baoibarra. on the Niger,
nSm. S.'W. Sego. ■^'■^rc; - ■
I
T A H
Tafedalat, t. Africa, in Sahara, 200 m. N. Tom-
Ductoo. Lon. 2° 15' E. Lat. 1 9" 40' N.
Tajilet, kingdom, Africa, forming part of the
empire of Morocco. It extends along the E. side
of Mount Atlas, Dates constitute the wealth of
the people. The town of Tafilet, after which the
kingdom was named, is 140 m. E. S. E. Morocco.
Lon. 6" W. Lat. 31" 20' iN.
Tajilet, r. Africa, which rises in Mount Atlas,
and loses itself in a lake, 140 m. S. Tafilet.
Tagai, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, 48 m. W. Sim-
birsk. Lon. 47° E. Lat. 54° 20' N.
Taganrock, t. and fort, Russia, on the sea of
Azoph, 32 m. W. N. W. Azoph. The town is now
rapidly recovering from the ruined state in which
it was left by the Turks, and in 1808, contained
between 8,(X)0 and 10,000 inhabitants. It enjoys
great advantages for commerce from the facility
of its communication with the interior, and is a
very important commercial port. The principal
articles of export are wheat, tallow, bees-wax,
wool, hemp, wine, coal, isinglass, fish, hides, iron,
and canvass. In 1817, 387 vessels sailed from Ta-
ganrock with cargoes destined to Constantinople,
the Archipelago, and the Mediterranean. The
inhabitants are from many different nations.
Tagavasl. See Tagoast.
Tagasee, t. Africa, 260 m. S. Mourzouk. Lon.
12° 55' E. Lat. 23" 32' N.
Taghmon, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 7 m. W.
Wexford.
Tagiah, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi-
terifanean, 24 m. E. Oran.
Tagioura, t. Africa, 10 m. E. Tripoli.
Tagliacozzo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18 m.
S. W. Aquila, 33 E. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13° 19' E.
Lat. 42° 4' N.
Tagoast, or Tagaost, or Tagavast, t. Africa, in
Sus, 140 m.S. W. Morocco. '
Tagolande, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 125"
ff E. Lat. 2° 18' N.
Tagou-Zainah, the towns of Taggah and Zai-
nah, in Algiers, are contiguous towns. 50 m. S.
W. Constantia.
Tagua, t. Africa, 250 m. N. E. Bornou. Lon.
27° 20' E. Lat. 19° 10' N.
Tagus, or Ta.jo, r. Spain, which rises in the
mountains of Molina, which separate the kingdom
of Arragon from Old Castile, passes by Aranjuez
and Toledo, crosses Castile and^Estremadura, and
enters Portugal at Montalvao. It then passes by
Abrantes, Santarem, &c. and runs into the Atlan-
tic about 10 miles below Lisbon. This river is
navigable but a little way above Lisbon on ac-
count of rocks, and its current is broken by many
cataracts.
Tagifpeel, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 117° 54' E. Lat. 6° 29' xN.
Ta-hooroim, one of the smaller Sandwich isl-
ands, 9 m. from the S. W. part of Mowee. Lon.
199° 30' E. Lat. 21° 40' N.
Tahpenes, in Sac. Geog. or Daphene, frontier
town of Egypt, next to Syria.
TahrU,i. Persia, in Farsistan, on the coast of the
Persian gulf, 12 m. E. S. E. Konkum. Lon. 52°
20' E. Lat. 27° 45' N.
Tahta, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 32 m. S. Siut, 187
S. Cairo. Lon. 31° 22' E. Lat. 26° 57' N.
Tahuk, or Tabuk, t. Arabia, in Nedsjas, 176 m.
3. S. E. Jerusalem, 260 N. Madian.
T A I.
723
Taibeh, t. Syria, 83 m. E. S. E. Alpppo, 40 N,
Palmyra. Lon. 38" 45' E. Lat. 35" 10' N.
Taillebourg, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6
m. N. Saintes, 7 S. S. W. St. Jean d' Angcly.
Taimurskaia, bay, Russia, in the Frozen ocean,
Lon. 94° 10' to 98" 10' E. Lat. 75° to 77" N.
Tain, t. France, in Drome, 9 m. W. N. W. Ro-
mans, 9 N. Valence. Pop. 1,410.
Tain, t. Scotland, in Ross co. on the Frith of
Dornoch. It is a royal burgh. 11 m. N. Cro-
marty, 189 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 37' W. Lat.
57°47'N. Pop. 2,277.
Tajo. See Tagus.
Tai-oiian, city and seaport on Uie W. coast ot
the island of Formosa, of which it is the capital.
The streets are almost all lined with shops of silk,
china ware, and other commodities. It has nei-
ther fortifications nor walls. The harbour is shel-
tered from every wind. Lon. 113° E. Lat. 23"^[,
Tai-ping, city, China, of the first rank, in
Quang-si, 1,175 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 106"
34' E. Lat. 22" 25' N.
Tai-tcheou, city,. China, of the first rank, in
Tche-kiang, 722 m. S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 121" 2'
E. Lat. 28° 55' N.
Taite. See Otaheite.
Tai-tong, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chan-si, in a mountainous country, exposed to
the incursions of the Tartars. It is well fortified.
155 m. W. Peking. Lon. 112° 44' E. Lat. 40° 5' N.
Tajuna, r. Spain, which runs into the Xarama,
a little before its junction with the Tagus.
Takmitzskaia, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir-
tisch, 36 m. S. Tara.
Taconnack, mountain in Berkshire co. Mass. S,
of Great Barrington, about 3,000 feet above the
level of the sea.
Talagos, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 13° 40
W. Lat. 10° 20' N.
Talavera la Real, t. Spain, in Estrcmadura, 13
m. S. E. Badajoz.
Talavera la Reyna, t. Spain, in New Castile, on
the Tagus, 35 m. W. Toledo.
Talaveruela, or Talavera de Badajoz, t. Spain,
in Estremadura, on the Guadiana, 9 m. E. Bada-
joz.
Talbert Port, v. Upper Canada, on lake Erie,
with a fine harbor, 120 m. from fort Erie.
Talbert" s Island. See Talbot Island.
Talbot, CO. Md. on the eastern shore of the
Chesapeake, bounded N. by Queen Anne co. E.
by Caroline and Dorchester counties, S. by Dor-
chester CO. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop.
14,230, including 4,875 slaves. Chief town,
Easton.
Talbot, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Florida, 8 miles long, and 2 wide. Lon. 81° 42' W.
Lat. 30° 36' N.
Talcan, t. Asia, in Tokaristan, 100 m. S. E,
Termed. Lon. 67° 9' E. Lat. 36° 45' N.
Talcaguano, seaport of Chili, 6 m. from Con-
ception. Lon. 73" 6' E. Lat. 36" 42' N.
Talgarth, t. Wales, in Brecknock, 8 m. N. E.
Brecknock, 160 W. London.
Ta-li, city, China, of the first rank, in Yun-
nan, 1,205 m. S. W. Peking. Lon. 100° E. Lat.
25° 45' N.
Talihou, isl. with a lazaretto, on the coast of
France, 3 m. N. La Hogue. Lon. TO' W. Lat.
49° 36' N.
Talissc, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
124
T A M
TAN
N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124° 50' E. Lat. 1"
40' N.
Talluda, t. Hind, in Golconda, 15 m. N. N. W.
Calloor.
Tallano, t. Corsica, 30 m. S. S. W. Corte, 24 N.
Bonifacio. Lon. 9° 11' E. Lai. 41" 33' N.
Tallapoosa^ r. Alabama, which unites with the
Coosa, 3 miles below fort Jackson, to form the Al-
abama. It IS navigable 35 miles to the falls.
I'allara, t. France, in Higher Alps, on the Du-
rance, 9 m. S. Gap, 15 N. Bisteron.
Tallevejide, t. France, in Calvados, 2 m. S. W.
Vire.
Tallika, t. Africa, in Bondou, 70 m. W. S. W,
Fatteconda. Lon. 11" 40' VV. Lat. 13° 56' N.
TaUmadge, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 11 m. S. W.
Ravenna. Here is an academy, a furnace, forge,
and various mills.
Tallow, t. Ireland, in Waterford, 23 m. W. N.
W. Corlc, 32 W. S. W. Waterford.
Talmai/, t. France, in Cote d'Or, at the union
of the Vigenne and the Saone. 18 m. N. E. Di-
jon. ,
Talmond, seaport, France, in Lower Charente,
on the Gironde, 14 m. N. Bourdeaux.
Taloo Harbor, harbor on the N. coast of Eimeo,
one of the Society Islands. Lon. 210" E. Lat. 17"
30' S.
Talovka, r. Russia, which uniting with the An-
alik, runs into the Irgis, 32 m. E. Volsk.
Tamaboo, small isl. near the W. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 109" 21' E. Lat. 0" 7' N.
Tamalameque, t. New Grenada, on the Magda-
lena, 160 m. S. St. Martha, 190 S. W. Maracaybo.
Lon. 73" 56' W. Lat. 8" 40' N.
Taman, the strait or channel, which forms a
communication between tlie Black sea and the
Sea of Azoph.
Tamanah, seaport. Hind, on the coast of Mala-
bar, 54 m. N. Goa. Lon. 73" 15' E. Lat. 16" 30' N.
Tamar, r. Eng. which divides Devonshire from
Cornwall, and runs into the sea below Plymouth.
Tamar, in Sac. Geog. place in the S. border of
Palestine.
Tomara Isles, or Islands of Idols, near the coast
of Sierra Leone. Lat. 8" 40' N.
Tamaraca, or Tamarica, or Ilamarica, a district
of Brazil, in the jurisdiction of Pernambuco. It
has its name from an island on the coast, near the
mouth of the river Tamaraca. The capital, called
J^oslra Segnora de Cmiceizao, or da Tamaraca,
stands at the mouth of the river of the latter
name.
Taniarara, r. Brazil, which runs into the At-
lantic, in lat. 7" 52' S.
Tamaril, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 2 m. N. E. Tar-
ragona.
Tamatamque, or Villa de las Palmas, t. ^few
Grenada, on the river St. Martha, 25 m. S. Tene-
riffe.
Tamba Awra, or Tatnbaoura, t. Africa, in Bam-
bouk, 108 m. S. E. Gallam.
Tamhopalla, t. Peru, at the mouth of the Nom-
bre de Dios. 48 m. S. Arequipa. Lat. 17" 10' S.
Tambov, city, Russia, the see of a bishop. £28
Bi. S. E. Moscow, 572 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 41"
4' E. Lat. 52" 48' N.
Tamborskoe, government of Russia, bounded N.
hy Vladimir; E. by Nizegorod, Penza, and Sara-
tov ; S. by Saratov ; and W. by Riazan and Voro-
nez ; about 200 miles long, and from 80 to 100
broad. Lon. 38" 30' to 48" E. Lat. 5 1" 36' to 55"
20' N.
Tambro, r. Spain, which runs into tlie Atiantji;,
near Muros.
Tame, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames, at
Dorchester, in Oxfordshire.
Tame, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 7 m.
above Burton.
Tame. See Thame.
Tism/Jico, seaport, Mexico, in a bay of the gulf
of Mexico, 30 m. S. E. Panuco. Lon. 98" 36' W.
Lat. 22" 40' N.
Tampisco, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacif-
ic ocean, in lat. 10°38'N.
Tamworlh, t. Eng. at the conflux of the Anker
and Tame, partly in Warwickshire, and partly in
Staffordshire, 7 m. S. E. Litchfield, 114 N. W.
London. Lon. 1" 41' W. Lat. 52" 38' N.
Tamworlh, p-t. Strafford co. N, H. 44 m. S. Con-
cord. Pop. 1,134.
Tanach, or Taanach, in Sac. Geog. t. in the
tribe of Manasseh, on this side of Jordan.
Tanaeim, or Tenaiem, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 30
m. S. E. Sana.
Tanak Point, cape on the N. coast of Java. Lon.
108" 36' E. Lat. 6" 24' S.
Tanakaka, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Ce-
lebes. Lon. 119" 42' E. Lat. 5" 30' S.
Tanalitzkaia, fort, Russia, in Upha, at the con-
fluence of the Urdasim and Ural, 120 m. E. Oren-
burg.
Tanaro, r. Italy, which passes by Coni, Cheras-
co. Alba, Asti, Alexandria, &c. and joins the Po,
3 m. E. Valenza.
Tancos, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, at the
conflux of the Zezareand the Tagus. 21 m. N. E.
Sautarem, 9 S, Thomar.
Tanda, or Tanrah, t. Hind, for a short time tin;
capital of Bengal. It is very near to the site of
Gour, on the road leading from it to Rajemal. It
is now deserted.
Tandla, t. Hind, in Mvilwah, 150 ra. N. E. Snrat.
Lon. 74° 30' E. Lat. 23" 5' N.
Taneytown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 27 m. N. by
E. Frederickfown, 71 from Washington. It con-
tains a number of mills, and some iron works, 2
churches, and about 100 houses.
Tangala, small isl. near the S. coast of Java.
Lon. Ill" 45' E. Lat. 8" 20' S.
Tangermunde, t. Prvissian States, in Saxony, 24
m. N. Magdeburg, 51 W. Berlin. Lon. 12° 2' E.
Lat. 52" 32' N. Pop. 3,250.
Tangli.oo, or Tenhoa, t. Tonquin, on a small riv-
er near the W. coast ol the gulf of Cochin China.
Lat. 19" 40' N.
Tangier s, (an.Tingis, or Tinjia, t. Fez, at the
W. entrance of the straits of Gibraltar. The sit-
uation is favourable to Moorish pirates, who from
this, the narrowest part of the strait, may easily
surprise merchant ships, that are incapable of de-
fence. The bay of Tangiers is not safe when the
wind is in the west. 108 m. N. N. W. Fez, 38 W.
S. W. Gibraltar. Lon. 5° 50' W. Lat. 35° 42' N.
Tangipao, r, Mississippi, which runs into lake
Pontchartrain, 10 m. N. E. Manchac.
Tongolofango, seaport, Mexico, in Guaxaca,
lOOm.'S.E. Guaxaca. Lon.97°36'W. Lat. 16"
8'N.
Tangouzlic, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 70 m. E.
S. E. Smyrna.
Tangulaw, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito shore. Lon. 83° 55' W. Lat. iS
35' N.
Tangul. See Thibet.
TAP
TAR
725
Tanila, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of
Mexico, in Ion. 95° 6' W. lat. 18° 10' N.
Taninge, t. France, in Leman, 24 m. S. E. Ge-
neva, 26 N. E. Annecy.
Tanjore, country. Hind, included in the Carna-
tic, bounded N. and W. by part of the Carnatic,
and E. and S. by the gulf of Bengal.
Tanjore, t. Hind, and cap. of a country to which
it gives name, situated in a plain between two
branches of the Cauvery. The English Chris-
tian Knowledge Society made this city one of their
missionary stations in 1766, and there is at pres-
ent one missionary here, assisted by Snative priests.
176 m. S. E. Seringapatam, 156 S. S. W. Madras.
Lon. 79M0'E. Lat. 10° 46' N.
Tankrowal, t. Africa, in Kaen, near the river
Gambia. Lon. 14° 27' W. Lat. 13" 10' N.
Tanna, isl. in the Pacific ocean, and one of those
called J^ew Hebrides, about 22 miles long, and 10
broad. Lon. 169° 4^1' E. Lat. 19° 32' S.
Tanna, t. Hind, in the island of Salsette, on the
E. coast, 25 m. N. E. Bombay. Lon. 72° 53' E.
Lat. 19° 13' N. See Bombay.
Tanna, or Thann, t. Germany, in Reuss-Lo-
benstein, 17 m. S. W. Greitz, 20 S. Gera. Lon. 11°
57' E. Lat. 50" 25' N.
Tanna Belloo, small isl. near the E. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 11 8° 21' E. Lat. 4" 52' N.
Tanna Mera, small isl. near the E. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 117° 5' E. Lat. 3° 45' N.
Tannaser, t. Hind, in Delhi, 45 m. N. E. His-
sar, 62 E. S. E. Sirhind. Lon. 76" 20' E. Lat. 29"
31' N.
Tannenberg, t. Prussia, 6 m. S. S. W. Hohen-
stein, 15 S. E. Osterrod.
Tanner^ s Creek, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Ohio, 2 m. below Lawrenceburg.
Tanore, t. Hind, in Calicut, 25 m. S. g. E. Cali-
cut. Lon. 75° 54' E. Lat. 10° 58' N.
Tanot, r. Wales, which runs into the Severn, 7
m. below Welsh Pool.
Tanquanemon, r. Michigan Territory, which
runs into Lake Superior, about 30 miles W. of St.
Mary's river. It is 60 yards wide at its mouth,
and boatable more than 20 miles.
Tantalam, or Lignr, isl. at the entrance of the
g-nlf of Siam, 130 miles in circumference. Lon.
100° 50' E. Lat. 8° 10' N.
Tantallan Castle, ancient fort, Scotland, in Ber-
wick, on a rock overhanging the sea, 2 m. N. Ber-
wick.
Tan-tumqueri, t. Africa, on the Gold coast. Lon.
r54'W. Lat. 5° 20' N.
Tooneroa. See Poverty Bay.
Taoo Island, one of the Friendly islands, 24 miles
j.i circumference.
Taormina, t. Sicily, in the Valley Demona, on
tiie E. coast, on a rocky hill, and much celebrated
f )r its marble and excellent wine. 27 m. S. S. W.
Messina, 24 N. N. E. Catania. Lon. 15° 23' E.
Lat. 37° 51' N. Pop. 3,000.
Taouka, one of the Society islands. Lon. 145° 9'
"SV. Lat. 14" 30' S.
Taparica, isl. at the entrance of All Saint's bay,
on the coast of Brazil. Lat. 13" S.
Tapiau, t. Prussia, on the Pregel, 20 m. E. S. E.
iConigsberg. Lon. 21° 13' E. Lat. 54° 36' N.
Tapoor, t. Hind, in Mysore, 83 m. E. S. E. Se-
ringapatam.
Tappahannock, p-t. port of entry, and cap. of
Essex CO Va. on the S. W. bank of the Rappa-
hannock, 54 m. N. E. Richmond, 67 from Wil-
liamsburg, 117 from Wa^-hington. It is rrgnlnrly
laid out on a fertile plain, and contains about 100
houses, a court-house and jail, and an Episcopal
church. Pop. 600. Amount of shipping in 1816,
7,285 tons.
Tappanooly, seaport of Sumatra, on the W.
coast. Lon. 98° 12' E. Lat. 1°40'N.
Tappan Sea, an expansion of Hudson river, N.
Y. opposite Orangetown, 35 m. above New York.
It is 10 miles long, and 4 wide.
Tappvjah, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Judah.
Another, on the borders of Ephraim and Manas-
seh.
Taptee, r. Hind, which runs into the gulf of
Cambay, 12 m. below Surat.
Tapui-tapera, t. Brazil, on the coast, 15 m. N.
W. St. Luis de Marannon.
Tar, or Pamlico, r. N. Carolina, formed by sev-
eral branches, which rise in the northern part of
the State, It pursues a S. E. course, and passing
by Tarborough, Greenville, and Washington, falls
into the western extremity of Pamlico sound. Its
whole length is about 180 miles, and it is naviga-
ble for vessels drawing 9 feet water, to Washing-
ton, 40 miles, and for boats carrying 30 or 40
hogsheads, to Tarborough, 50 miles farther.
Tara, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch, 220
m. E. S. E. Tobolsk, 264 W. N.W. Kolivan. Lon.
74° 43' E. Lat. 57° N.
Taransa, one of the western islands of Scotland.
Lon. 6° 59' W. Lat. 57° 52' N.
Tarapaca, t. Peru, in Arequipa, on a river which
runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 20° 10' S.
Tarare, t. France, in Rhone and Loire, 18 m.
W. N.W. Lyons, 13 W. S. W. Villefranche.
Tarascon, t. France, in Mouths of the Rhone, on
the Rhone, with a castle. It is opposite Beaucaire,
with which it communicates by a bridge of boats.
3 posts E. Nismes, 10 N. W. Aix. Lon. 4° 44' E.
Lat. 43° 48' N . Pop. 1 1 , 320.
Tarascon, city, France, and cap. of Arriege, on
the river Arriege, 48 m. S. Thoulouse, 32 S. W.
Carcassonne. Lon. 1° 41' E. Lat. 42" 50' N. Pop.
1,357.
Tarasova, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 12
m. S. Tutura.
Taraz, or Turkestan, city, Asia, and cap. of
Turkestan, on a small river which runs into the
Sir, 250 m. N. Samarcand. Lon. 69° 42' E. Lat.
44" 45' N.
Tarasona, t. Spain, in New Castile, 15 m. S.
Alarcon.
Tarazona, city, Spain, in Aragon, the see of a
bishop, 43 m. N. W. Saragossa, 135 N. E. Madrid.
Lon. 1" 43' W. Lat. 42" N. Pop. 8,000.
Tarbat, t. Scotland, in Cromarty, 6 m. E. Tain.
Tarbet J\''ess, cape, Scotland, on the coast of
Ross-shire, between the friths of Dornoch and
Murray. Lon. 3" 40' W. Lat. 57° 50' N.
Tarbe, city, France, and cap. of Upper Pyre-
nees, on the Adour, 7i posts S. Auch, 96i S. W.
Paris. Lon. 0" 8' E. Lat. 43" 14' N. Pop. 6,777.
Tarbido or Maraszo, r. Naples, which runs into
the Mediterranean, 13 m. S. VV.Cosenza.
Tarborough: p-t. Edgecombe co. N. C. on the
W. side of 'Tar river, 85 m. above its mouth^37 S.
Halifax, 112 S. by W. Petersburg. It contains a
court-house, jail, and academy. Pop. 600. Large
quantities of tobacco, pork, beef and Indian corn,
are collected here for exportation.
Tardoirc, or Tardouere, r. France, which runs
into the Charente, near Hochefoucault.
I'aref, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 25 m. N. E. Me-
dina.
726
TAR
Tarent, r. Eng. which runs into the Stour, 3 m.
S.E.Blandford.
Tarentaise, County of, province of Savoy, boun-
ded N. by the lordship of Faucigny, E. by the
duchy of Aosta, S, by the county of Maurienne,
and W, by the duchy of Savoy.
Tarento, city, Naples, in Otranto, the see of an
archbishop, on a small peninsula, which projects
into a bay of the Mediterranean to which it gives
name. It was anciently the capital of a celebra-
ted republic. The inhabitants employ themselves
principally in fishing. It had once an excellent
harbor, but it is now so shallow as only to admit
fishing boats. 60 m. W. N. W. Otranto, 140 E.
Naples. Lon. 17° 10' E. Lat. 40" 45' N. Pop.
18,457.
Tarfokirat, t. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 22 m. W. Melilla.
Targa, seaport, Africa, in Fez, 90 m. S. E. Tan-
giers.
Tariffa, seaport, Spain, in Seville, on a bay to
which it gives name, on the N. side of the straits
of Gibraltar, fortified with old walls and towers,
with a castle, 27 m. S. S. E. Medina Sidonia. Lon.
5° 41' W. Lat. 36" 3' N. Pop. 4,000.
Tarija, jurisdiction. South America, in Buenos
Ayres. St. Bernardo de Tarija is the chief town.
Tarija, r. Buenos Ayres, which runs into the
Vermejo, in the province of Tucuman.
Taricu, or Tarkoii, or Tarki, t. Asia, in Dages-
tan, on the W. coast of the Caspian sea, 260 ra. S.
Astrachan.
Tarleion, p-v. Pickaway co. Ohio, 17 m. N. E.
Chillicothe.
Tarma, a jurisdiction of Peru, with a tempe-
rate climate and fertile soil. Tarma, the capital,
is 85 m. E. Lima. Lon. 75" 50' VV. Lat. 11" S.
Tarn, r. France, which joins the Garonne,
near Moissac, in the department of the Lot.
Tarn, a department of France, bounded N. and
N. E. by Aveyron, S. E. by Herault, S. by Aude,
and W. by Upper Garonne and Lot. Castrcs is
the capital. Pop. 295,885.
Tarna, t. Sweden, ia Umea, 145 m. N. W.
Umea.
Tarnac, t. France, in Corrcze, on the Vienne,
25 m. N. Tulle, 25 E. Limoges.
Tarnopol, t. Austrian Poland, 72 ra. E. Lem-
berg. Lon. 25" 40' E. Lat. 49° IW N.
Tarnow, t. Austrian Poland, 52 m. S. W. Sando-
mir, 40 E. S. E. Cracow. Lon. 20" 53' E. Lat. 49"
66' N.
Tamowilz, t. Silesia, near which is a silver
mine, 6 m. N. Ober Beuthen, 31 S. E. Oppeln.
Lon. 18" 47' E. Lat. 50'^ 25' N. Pop. ],500.
Taro, r. which rises in the southern part of the
duchy of Parma, and runs into the Po, 9 m. E.
Busseto.
Tarpaulin cove, on the coast of Mass. 3 leagues
N. N. W. Holmes' hole, in Martha's Vineyard.
Tarpoley, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 11 m. S. E. Ches-
ter, 178 N". W. London. Lon. 2° 53' W. Lat. 53"
13' N.
Tarragona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on a rising
groujad on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the
mourn of the river Francoli, and one of the most
ancient cities in Spain. It was formerly very
populous and splendad, but there are now few re-
mains of its ancient grandeur. The harbor is-
dangerous, and not muc!i frequented. It is, how-
ever, the see of an archbishop. Pop. 7,500. 98
m. E. S. E. Saragossa, 38 W. S. W. Barcelona.
Lon. 1" 33' E. Lat. 41" 8' N.
T A S
Tarrary circar of Hind, in Allahabad, about 35
miles long and 12 broad.
Tarrega, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Cervera,
5 m. W. Cervera, 30 N. Tarragona. Lon. 0° 19'
E. Lat. 41" 36' N.
Tarring, t. Eng. in Sussex, 17 m. W. Bright-
helmstone, 57 S. London. Lon. 0" 23' W. Lat.
50" 29' N.
Tarshish, in Sac. Geog. (an. Tartessm,) city
and country of Spain, the most celebrated place
of trade in the West, for the Phoenicians and
Hebrews. Silver, iron, tin, and lead were brought
thence to Tyre.
Tarsus, seaport, A. Turkey, at one time the
capital of Cilicia; and in the time of St. Paul the
inhabitants enjoyed the privileges of Roman citi-
zens. It is now inhabited by "Turks, Greeks, and
Armenians. It is large, and is surrounded with a
double wall. St. Paul was a native of this city.
It is 3 miles from the coast, 25 W. Adana, 105 W.
Alexandretta. Lon. 34° 37' E. Lat. 37" 1' N.
Tarlary. This word in its most extensive sense,
contains all that vast country of Asia, which lies
between the Frozen sea, to the north, and Persia,
Hindoostan, and China, to the south, and includes
a great variety of nations, to which is applied the
general name of Tartars or Tatars, with a par-
ticular one often apjilied from their local situation.
Tartary may be divided into three parts, viz.Chi-
nese Tartary, Independent Tartary, and Russian
Tartary. Chinese Tartary is bounded N. by Si-
beria, E. by the gulf of Kamtschatka and the sea
of Japan, S. by China and Thibet, and W. by In-
dependent Tartary. The principal tribes who
wander over this vast region, are the Mon,o:uls
and the Mandshurs. The Eluts and the Kalkas
arc branches of the Monguls. Independent Tar-
tary includes all the country between Chinese
Tartary and Ihe Caspian sea. It is inhabited
principally by the Kirghises in the north, and the
Usbecks in the south. It enjoys a fine climate and
fertile soil. For Russian Tartary, see Siberia.
Tartas, t. France, in Landes, 36 m. N. E. Bay-
onne, 15 W, S. VV. Mont de Marsan. Lon. 0" 44'
W. Lat. 43" 50' N. Pop. 3,212.
Tartaskoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the union of
the Om and the Tartas, 40 m. W. S. VV. Kainsk.
Tarudant, t. Africa, in Sus, almost at the ex-
tremity of the empire of Morocco. It was form-
erly the capital of a small kingdom. 110 m. S. S.
W. Morocco, 43 E. S. E. Santa Cruz. Lon. 8"
35' W^. Lat. 30" 20' N. Pop. 25,000.
Tarvis, or Tarwis, t. Austrian states, 46 m. N.
N. VV. Trieste, 28 VV. S. VV. Clageofurt. Lon..
15°33'E. Lat. 46" 34' N.
Tarusu, t. Russia, in Kaluga, on the Oka. Lon.
36"34'E. Lat. 54" 52' N.
Tasco, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan, 90 m. S. E.
Mechoacan, Lon. 101" 36' V\^ Lat. 19° 5' N.
Tashkund, or Taschkund, or ^l Shash, t. Tur-
kestan, on the Sir, 210 m. N. Samarcand. Lon.
64"48'E. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Tasievskci, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tasie-
va, 820 m. E. Tobolsk, 448 E. N. E. Kolivan.
Lon. 94" 14' E. Lat. 57° N.
Tasman's Head, cape on the coast of V^an Die-
men's Land. Lon. 147" 28' E. Lat. 43' .33' N.
Taspour, t. Hind, in Bahar, 27 m. E. Hajypour.
Lon. 85" 51' E. Lat. 25° 52' N.
Tassasudon, or Tassey Sedddn, t. Asia, and cap-
ital of Bootan, 206 ra. .S. W. Lassa, 242 N. E. Pat-
na. Lon, 89" 12' E. Lat. 27" 45' N.
T A V
T A U
727
Tasso, small isl. on the W. coast of Africa, at
the mouth of the river Sierra Leone.
Tasso. See Thmo.
Tata, or Dotis, t. Hungary, built in the midst of
water and swamps, with a castle, 20 m. W. Gran,
18 S. Raab.
Tartarskoi, fort, Russia, in Kolivan, on the E.
dde of the Irtisch. Lon. 85° 34' E. Lat. 53°
44' N.
Tate,t. Clermont co. Ohio, S. of Williamsburg.
Taliaiiskaia, fort, Russia, in Saratov, on the
Volga, 12 m. S. E, Tzaritzin.
Tatischeva, fort, Russia, in Upha, on the Ural,
98 m. W. Orenburg.
Tainall, co. Geo. on the N. side of the Alata-
maha. Pop. 2,206, including 542 slaves.
Talta, city, Asia, in Sindy, supposed to be built
on the site of the ancient Pattala, on the Indus.
This city, was, in the I7th century, very exten-
sive and populous, with a great trade ; possessing
manufactures of silk, wool, cotton, and cabinet-
ware. It is now much reduced. 136 m. W. N.
W. Amenabad, 340 S. S. W. Moultan. Lon. 67°
38' E. Lat. 24° 54' N.
Tattah, t. Africa, 150 m. S. S. E. Morocco.
Lon. 6° 15' W. Lat. 28° 25' N.
Tatlenhall, t. En-, in Staffordshire, 2 m. W.
Burtou upon Trent.
Tallcrshall, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 20 m. S.
Louth, 127 N. Loudon. Lon 0° 11' W. Lat. 52°
25' N.
Tattuhl, (an. Tadutli,) t. Algiers, 25 m. S. Con-
stantina.
Tavui, isl. in the Indian sea, near the coast of
Siam. Lon. 97° 52' E. Lat. 13° N.
Tavai Poenatmnoo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, be-
ing the most southerly of tlie two which ibrm New
Zealarjd, and separated from the northern island
by a channel called Cook's straits. It is about
500 miles long fronn S. W, to N. E. and from 55 to
140 broad. Lou. 184" 4o to 193° 18' W. Lat. 40°
36' to 47° 20' S.
Tavasthus, or Kronehoriiy t. Russia, in Finland,
with a castle well fortified, 80 m. N. N. E. Abo.
Lon. 24" 15' E. Lut.61° 1' N.
Tauber, r. Germany, which runs into the Maine,
at Wertheim.
Taucha, t. Saxony, 6 m. N. E. Leipsic, 7 S. S.
W. Eulenburg. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat. 51° 22' N.
Fop. 1,100.
Taucael, or Tuchel, t. Prussian states, 44 m. S.
S. W. Dantzig, 10 S. E. Schlochau.
Tarda, r. Russia, which runs into the Tobol, 40
m. S. Tobolsk.
Taudeny, t. Africa, in the Sahara, 270 m. N. N.
\V. Tombuctoo. Lon. 1° 25' W. Lat. 21° 15' N.
Tare, or Taff, r. Eng. which runs into the Se-
vern, below Cardiff.
Taverna, i. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15 m. N.
S^uillace.
Tavernes, t. France, in Var, 3 m. N. Barjols.
Tavjepour, t. Bengal, 60 m. S. S. W. Calcutta.
I. on. 87° 45' E. Lat. 21° 52' N.
Taujepour, t. Bengal, 32 m. E. Purueah. Lon.
33° 11' E. Lat. 25° 48' N.
Taujepour, t. Hind, in Bahar, 15 m. N. Chup-
j-ah. Lon. 81° 50' E. Lat. 26° 2' N.
Tavira, or Tavila, seaport, Portugal, in Al-
garve, 1)1 m. S. S. E. Lisbon, 12 W. Castroma-
i-in. Loa. 7° 35' W. Lat. 37° 7' N. Pop. 4,770.
TavUtock, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m, N. Ply-
mouth, 206 W. S. W. London. Lon, 4° 13' W.
Lat. 50" 36' N. Pop. 4,723.
Taule, t. France, in Finisterre, 3 m. N. W. Mor-
laix, 6 S. S. E. St. Polde Leon.
Taumaco, t. Greece, in Thessaly, 30 m. S. La-
rissa.
Taumago, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 25
miles in circuit. It produces bananas, cocoa-
trees, palms, sugar-cane, and also many kinds of
nutritious roots. Lon. 169" 25' E. Lat. 10° S.
Taume, r. England, which runs into the Mersey
at Stockport.
Taunda, t. Hind, in Oude, 50 m. S. E. Fyzabad.
Lon. 82" 53' E. Lat. 26° 32' N.
Taunton, t. Eng. in Somerset co. The woollen
manufacture formerly flourished in this town, but
of late years it has decayed. A silk manufacture
was introduced here in 1780. Taunton is an an-
cient borough, and has returned members to par-
liament from the year 1294. Pop. 6,997. 31 ra.
N. E. Exeter, 140 W. London. Lon. 3" 16' W.
Lat. 50° 59' N.
Taunton, r. Mass. which rises in Plymouth co.
and running S. VV. empties into Narraganset b.ay.
It is navigable for small vessels to Taunton, 20
miles.
Taunton, p-t. and cap. Bristol co. Mass. on the
W. side of Taunton river, 21 m. E. Providence,
36 S. Boston. It is a pleasant town and contains
a court-house, jail, academy, bank, 2 cotton fac-
tories, a paper-mill, 5 religious societies, 2 of Con-
gregation alists, 2 of Baptists, and 1 of Friends.
The manufacture of iron has long been carried
on in this town, and there are at present 1 furnace,
1 nail manufactory, and 3 rolling and slitting mills
in operation. Pop. 3,907.
Taunton Dean, valley, Eng. extending about
30 miles long, in Somerset.
Taurida, or Tavricheskaia, {the province ofTau'
ris,) government of Russia, bounded N. by Eka-
terinoslav, E. by Caucasus, S. by the Black sea,
and W. by Cherson, from which it is separated by
the Dnieper. It has a fine climate and fruitful
soil, and includes the peninsula of the Crimea.
See Crimea.
Tauris, or Tabris, city, Persia, in Azerbijan,
situated in a plain at the foot of a mountain. It
has neither walls nor fortifications. Through it
passes a little river called Spingtcha, which some-
times swelling, carries away the houses on its
banks. Here are many magnificent structures ;
the bazars are crowded with people, and filled
with vast quantities of merchandize. There are
said to be 300 caravanseras, which are so spacious
that 300 persons may lodge in each; and thft
mosques and baths are answerable to the gran-
deur of the other buildings. The largest square
at Tauris is sufficiently spacious to contain 30,000
men in order of battle. The commerce of this
city extends not only over all Pei-sia, but into
Turkey, Russia, Tartary, the Indies, and to the
Black sea. 180 m. 8. S. E. Erivan, 402 N. N. W.
Ispahan. Lon. 46° 31' E. Lat. 38° 20' N. Pop.
estimated by Morier in 1808, at 250,000.
Taurus, a mountain of Asia, which is said to
extend from the sea coast, opposite Rhodes, to the
extremities of Tartary and China, under differ-
ent names.
Toms, or Domazlitz, t. Bohemia. 26 m. S. S. W.-
Pilsen, 63 S. W. Prague. Lon. 12° 52' E. Lat. 49°
25' N. Pop. 3,010.
Tauste, t. Spain, in Arragon, 25 m, N. W. Sara-
gossa. Pop. 3,200.
Tauves, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 15 m. W
Besse. 24 S. W. Clermont. Pop. 2,110,
728
T C H
Taiy, r. Eng. which joins the Tamur, 2 m. be-
low Saltash.
TavB^ r. Eng. which runs into the Bristol chan-
nel, below Appledore, forming a large bay at its
mouth, called Barnstaple Bay.
Tawally, one of the Molucca islands, 25 miles
long from N. to S. and from 5 to 9 broad. Lon.
127" 14' E. Lat. 0°21'S.
Tawandec, r. Pa. which runs into the E. branch
of the Susquehannah, 12 m. S. E. Tioga point.
Tawandee, i. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 788.
Tawton, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. S. Barn-
staple.
Tawy^ r. Wales, which runs into tlie sea at
Swansea.
Tay, r. Scotland, which passes through Loch
Tay, and runs into the German sea below Perth,
forming a large bay at its mouth, called The
Frith of Tay. Lon. 2° 50' W. Lat. 56° 25' N.
Tay, r. Ireland, in Waterford, which runs into
the sea, 7 m. W. N. W. Dungarvan bay.
Taya, r. Austria, which joins the Marsch, 4 m.
N. N. E. Hockenau.
Taylorsville, p-v. Shelby co. Ken.
Tazewell, co. in the S. W. part of Va. Pop.
3,007, including 328 slaves.
Tasewell, p-t. and cap. Clairborne co. E. Ten-
nessee, 35 m. N. Knoxville.
Tavoskaia, gulf, Russia, joined to the Obskaia
gulf, about 140 miles long and 3 broad. Lon. 76°
to 80° E. Lat. 67° 40' to 69' N.
Tchabischi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Amur,
40m. N.N. E. Stretensk.
Tchagodo, t. Russia, in Novgorod, 240 m. N. E.
Novgorod, 88 N. N. W. Vologda. Lon. 38° 44' E.
Lat. 60° 30' N.
Tcliagodo, r. Russia, which runs into the Molo-
ga, 16 m. N. Estiuzna.
Tchaia, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena,
Dear Tchamska, in Irkutsk. Lon. 109° 34' E. Lat.
58° 5' N.
Tchang-tcha, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, on the Heng river, 742 m. S. Peking.
Lon. 112" 25' E. Lat. 28" 11' N.
Tchan-te, city, China, of the first rank, in Ho-
nan, 255 m. S, S. W. Peking. Lon. 114° E. Lat.
36° 6' N.
Tchani, lake, Russia, in Kolivan, 200 miles in
circumference, 100 m. VV. N. W. Kolivan.
Tcharonda, t. Russia, in Novgorod, on the Sula,
188 m. E. N. E. Novgorod. Lon. 37" 34' E. Lat.
59°40'N.
Tchastija. isl. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena,
112 m. N.E.Kirensk.
Tche-kiang, province, China, bounded N. and
N. W. by Kiang-nan, E. by the sea, S. by Fokien,
and S. VV. by Kiang-si, about 200 miles long from
N. to S. and "from 120 to 180 broad.
Tchenbar, t. Russia, in Penza, 80 m. W. S. W.
Penza. Lon. 43° 30' E. Lat. 52° 52' N.
Tchcng-te, isl. in the Eastern sea, near the S.
coast of Corea, 10 miles long and 6 broad. Lon.
128° 37' E. Lat. 34° 20' N.
Tchernisov, t. Russia, and capital of a govern-
ment, on the Desna, 344 m S. S. W. Moscow,
520 S. Petersburg. Lon. 31° 14'E. Lat. 51°24'N.
Tchemikeh, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 24 m. N.
Amasia. Lon, 36° 38' E. Lat. 40° 26' N.
Tchemoiyar, t Russia, in SHratov, 200 m. N. W.
Astrachan, 296 E. N. E. Azoph. Lon. 46° 4' E.
Lat. 47° 54' N.
Tcheskaia, gulf in the Frozen ocean, on the N.
coast of Russia. Lon. 45° to 47° E, Lat. 66° 50^
to 77° 40' N.
TEC
Tchesme, t Asia Minor, on the W. shore of the
peninsula of Erythroe, opposite the island of Scio,
on the ruins of Cyssus, at the head of a spacious
road.
Tching-kiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiangnan, on the S. side of the Yang-tse, 470 m.
S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 118° 55' E. Lat. 32° 14' N.
Tching-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, 765 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 109°
40' E. Lat. 28° 23' N.
Tching-ling, city, China, of the first rank, in
Pe-tche-li, 137 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 114° 20'
E. Lat. 39" 9' N.
Tching-tou, city, China, of the first rank, in Se-
tchuen, formerly the residence of the emperors,
8 10 miles S. W. Peking. Lon. J 03° 44' E. Lat. 30°
40' N.
Tchiuna, r. Russia, which runs into the Tun-
guska, 56 m. S. E. Eniseisk, Lon. 94° 34' E. Lat.
57° 54' N.
Tchong-king, city, China, of the first rank, in
Se-tchuen, one of the most commercial cities of
the province. It is at the confluence of two large
rivers, 750 miles S. W. Peking. Lon. 106° 19' E.
Lat. 29° 42' N.
Tchudskoi,\^e, Russia, between the govern-
ments of Petersburg and Riga : about 64 miles
long, and from 8 to 24 broad. Lon. 27" to 27° 28'
E.Lat. 58°to59°10'N.
Tchukotskija, the most eastern province of Rus-
sia, in Irkutsk. Lon. 157° to 159° E. Lat 63° to 73^
20' N.
Tchvkotskoi, cape of the N. E. extremity of Si-
beria, at the entrance of the straits which divide
Americafrom Asia. Lon. 199° 14' E.Lat. 66° 15' N.
Tci-nan, or Tsi-nan, city, China, of the first
rank, in Chan-tong, S. of the river Tsing-ho^ or
Tsi, 235 m. S. Peking. Lon. 116° 46' E. Lat. 36°
46' N.
Tcin-tcheoii, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chang-tong, 230 m. S. S. E. Peking. Lon. \W
20' E. Lat. 36° 46' N.
Tcilcicar Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary, built to
guard the frontiers of the Chinese empire from the
Russians, 355 m. N. E. Peking. Lon. 123° 30' E.
Lat. 47° 25' N.
Tea, r. Eng. in Buckingham, which runs into
the Ouse, near Stony Stratford.
Teaches, small isl. off the coast of Northumber-
land CO. Va.
Teaki, isl in the Mediterranean, 20 miles long,
and four broad, anciently called Ithaca. Lon. 21"
40^ E. Lat. 38° 47' N.
Tease's valley, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va.
Tebesta, t. Africa, in Tunis, on the borders of
Algiers, where are found several beautiful ruins^
130 m. S. S. W. Tunis.
Tebiqnari, r. S. America, which joins the Iquay,
to form the Rio Grande, in lat. 30" 55° S.
Teceut, or Techeil, t. Africa, in Sus, 150 m. S.
W. Morocco.
Teche, r. Louisiana, which joins the Atchafa-
laya, 15 m. above its entrance into the Gulf of
Mexico. It is navigable 45 miles, to New Iberia.
Teck, an ancient castle of Wurtemburg, 12 m.
S. E. Stuttgart.
Tecklenburg, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia,
formerly capital of a county to which it gave
name, 7 m. S. W. Osnabruck. Lon. 7" 35' E. Lat.
52° 15' N. Pop. 1,000.
Tecklenburg, formerly a county and principali-
ty of Germany, bounded N. and E. by the bish-
oprick of Osnabruck, and S. and W. by the bish-
oprick of Munater ; about 20 miles long, and 10
T E I
T E M
729
broad. It is now included in the province of
Westphalia, in the Prussian States.
Tecoantapeque, seaport t. Mexico, ICO ra. S. E.
Acapulco. Lon. 99° 10' W. Lat. 16" 2' N.
TtcrLl, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the W. side
of the Tigris, 120 m. S. Mosul, 90 N. N. W. Bag-
dad. Lon. 42" 37' E. Lat. 34" 37' N.
Teculet, t. Africa, in Morocco, near the coast
of the Atlantic, 15 m. E. Mogador, 99 N. W. Mo-
rocco.
j Tedburi/, or Tetbury, t. Eng. in Gloucester, on
the Avon, 20 m. S. Gloucester, 99 W. London.
Lon. 2" 11' W. Lat. 51" 47 N.
Tedford, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 6 m. N. E.
Horncastle.
Tedif, t. Syria, 21 m. E. Aleppo.
Tedltt, or Tadila, province of Morocco, which
'extends along the E. side of the Atlas to the bor-
ders of Fez and Algiers.
Tednesf, or Tedoest, t. Africa, in Morocco, 40 m.
N. E. Mogador, 90 W. N. W. Morocco.
Teebakan, small isl. near the N. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 117" 39' E. Lat. 7" 52' N.
Teerrau'hilie, the S. VV. point of the northern-
most island of New Zealand. Lon. 184° 12' E. Lat.
41°2rS.
Tees, r. Eng. which runs into the German Ocean,
10 m. below Stockton, in lat. 54" 42' N. It forms
a boundary between the counties of York and
Durham,
Teesta, or Yo Sanpoo, r. Asia, which runs into
the Ganges bv tv/o streams ; one 25 miles N. tlie
other 80 E. S.E. Moorshedabad,
Tefee, t. Brasil, in Para, on the Amazon, 220 m.
W. Fort Rio Negro.
Tefessad, or Tfessad, t. Algiers, 32 m. S. S. W.
Algiers. Lon. 2" 54' E. Lat. 36° 32' N.
Teflis, t. Asia, cap. of Georgia, and see of a
bishop, situated at the foot of a mountain, on the
river Kur. It is surrounded with strong walls,
except towards the river; and has a large fortress
at the declivity of the mountain. It contains 1
Roman Catholic, 13 Greek, and 7 Armenian
churches, and is the residence of the Russian gov-
ernor, 100 m. N. N. E. Erivan, 225 N. E. Erze-
rum. Lon. 45" 20' E. Lat. 42° 20' N. Pop. about
15,000.
Tefza, t. Morocco, 70 m. N. E. Morocco. Lat.
31" 40' N.
Tegadoo Bay, bay on the E. coast of the most
northern island of New Zealand. Lon. 181" 14'
W. Lat. 38" 10' S.
Tegasn, t. Africa, in Zenhaga ; 300 m. from the
Atlantic, and 400 S. Cape Non. Lat. 22" 20' N.
Tegerby, or Teigarea, t. Africa, in Fezzan, 68 m.
S. Mourzouk. Lon. 15" 5' E. Lat. 26" 17' N.
Tegern, t. Bavaria, 28 m. S. S. E. Munich.
Teglio, t. Italy, in the Valteline, 20 m. E. N. E.
Morbegno, 20 S. VV. Bormio.
Tegoma, t. Africa, in Asoudan, 50 m. S. .\gades.
Lon 12° 30' E. Lat. 19" 10' N.
Tehama, a sandy belt which surrounds the pen-
insula, of Arabia, beginning at Suez, and extend-
ing to the mouth of the Red sea. Its breadth va-
ries ; it is however generally about two days jour-
ney from the sea shore to the rise of the hills. It
bears every mark of having bieen anciently a part
of the bed of the sea.
Teignttiouth, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, on the
English Channel, at the mouth of the Teign, 15
m. S. Exeter, 1 18 VV. S. VV. London. Lon. 3° 29'
W. Lat. 50° 28' N. Pop. 2.0f!O.
92
Teinitz, t. Bohemia, 26 m. S. W. Pilsen, 68 S.
W. Prague. Lon. 12° 57' E. Lat. 49° 30' N.
Teinitz, t. Moravia, 27 m. S. S. E. Brunn.
Teisback, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 1 ra. VV. Din-
gelfingen, 13 E. N. E. Landshut,
Ttilli, r, Scotland, which runs into the Forth,
2 m. above Stirling.
Teketanoak, or Ci/pnis creek, r. Alabama, which
flows into the N. side of Tennessee river, below
Florence.
Tckoa, V. Palestine, built by Rehoboam king of
Judah. It was the native place of the prophet
Amos, 9 m. S. Bethlehem.
Telabib, in Sac. Geog. probably the same as
Thelabba, a country of Mesopotamia, between
lon. 53° and 54° E. lat. 36° and 37° N.
Telanise, r. Asia, which forms the N. boundary
of the kingdom of Queda, separating it from Low-
er Siam, and runs into the sea, in lon. 99° 42' E.
lat. 6° 55' N,
Telese, t. Naples, in Lavora, the see of a bishop,
18 m. E. N. E. Capua, 12 N. VV. Benevento. Lon.
14° 32' E. Lat. 41° 12' N.
Telelzkoi, or AUinskoi, lake of Russia, in KoH-
van ; 52 m. long, and 10 wide, 120 m. S. E. Biisk.
Lon. 87" 14' E. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Telfair, co. Geo. on the N. side of the Oakmul-
gee. Pop. 744, including 218 slaves. At the
court-house is a post office,
Telget, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 5 m.
E. S. E. Munster.
Tell, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. i m. from Waterloo.
Telles, s-p. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 120 m. E. S. E. Tangiers.
TelUchery, city. Hind, on the coast of Malabar,
belonging to the English, and defended by lines.
The situation of the town is beautiful and healthy :
pepper is the great article of trade. It is one of
the stations of the English Church Missionary So-
ciety. 48 m. N. N. W. Calicut, 246 S. S. E, Goa.
Lon. 7.5° 20' E. Lat. 1 1° 15' N.
Tellico, p-t, Blount co. Tennessee, on tlie N.
bank of Tennessee river, at the confluence of Tel-
lico river, 50 m. S. VV, Knoxville.
Telligl, t. Germany, in the bishopric of Mun-
ster, witli a rich abbey, on the Ems, 3 m, from
Munster.
Tello, t. on the W. coast of Celebes, and cap. of
a kingdom. Lon. 120" 2' E. Lat. 5° S.
Teltow, t. Prussian States, ni Brandenburg, 10
m. S. Berlin. Lon. 13" 15' E. Lat. 52' 23' N.
Teyne, or Team, r. Eng. which runs into the
Severn, 2 m. below Worcester.
Temes, r. Hungary, which runs into the Dan-
ube, opposite Belgrade.
Temesvar, t. Plungarj', on the river Beg, which
forms a morass round it. It is strongly fortified,
and is the capital of a bannat, the residence of a
governor, and the see of a Greek bishop. The
fortress is a castle with walls nine feet thick, and
requires a garrison of 14,000 men. The bannat
of Temesvar contains about 450,000 inhabitants.
52 m. N. N. E. Belgrade, 250 S. E. Vienna. Lon.
21° E. Lat. 45" 49' N. Pop. 10,097.
Temissah, t. Africa, in Fezzan, where the cara-
vans from Bornou, Tombuctou, and Mourzouk,
usually stop, to provide stores. 80 m, E. Mour-
zouk, 12 E. Zuela.
Tempelburg, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania,
19 m. VV. New Stettin, 40 E. Stargard. Lon. 16"
12' E. Lat. 53° 29' N. Pop. 1,800.
Temple, t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 40 ra. N. W,
Augnpta. Pop. 482;
730
TEN
Temple, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m. B.
Concord. Pop. 941.
Templeton, t. York Co. Lower Canada, on Otta-
wa river, N. W. of Montreal.
7'emplelon, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 27 m. N.
W. Worcester, 60 W. N W. Boston. Pop. 1,205.
Templin, t. Prussian States in Brandenburg, be-
tween the Bodensee and Dolgensee. It carries on
a large trade in timber. 15 ra. S. W. Prenzlow,
34 N.Berlin. Lon. 13° 34' E. Lat. 53'^ 5' N. Pop.
2,600.
Temsena, province, Morocco, on the coast of the
Atlantic, to the south of Bailee.
Tenasserim, t. Lower Siam, 44 m. S. E. Mergui.
Lon 98" 50' E. Lat. 1 1" 35' x\.
Tenasserim, isl near the coast of Siam. Lon.
97" 20' E. Lat. 12° 28' N.
Tenbury, or Tembury, t. Eng. in Worcester-
shire, situated on the Teme, 19 m. N. W. Worces-
ter, 130 N. W. London. Lon. 2" 26' W. Lat. 52°
21' iN.
Tenby, or Tenbigh, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke, at
the head of a small bay, called Tenby Road, 12 m.
E. Pembroke, 233 W. London. Lon. 5" 8' W. Lat.
61° 38' N.
Tench's Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean. Lon.
150° 31' E. Lat. 1° 39' S.
Tenda, t. Africa, cap. of a country of the same
name, on the right bank of the Gambia. Lon. 1 1°
65' W. Lat. 13° 2' N.
Tenda, t. Piedmont, situated at the union of the
Roia and Brogna, 22 m. N. E. Nice, 17 S. Coni,
Tenedos, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, about
20 m. in circumference, near the coast of Asia, and
the Dardanelles. Us position near the mouth of
the Hellespont has always made it important.
Vessels bound to Constantinople find shelter in its
ports. The principal article of export is wine.
The town of Tenedos contains 6,000 inhabitants.
Lon. 26° E. Lat. 39° 53' N.
Tenember, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, 12 miles
long and 3 broad. Lon. 132° 45' E. Lat. 6° 30' S.
Tenen, or Knin, t. Dalmatia, on the borders of
Bosnia, and the see of a bishop, 48 m. S. Bihacs.
Teneree,v. Syria, in Aleppo, 10 m. N. Shogle.
Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands, the second
in dignity, but the first probably in wealth, and
fertility. The form is triangular, extending itself
into three capes, the nearest being about eighty
leagues from the coast of Africa. The celebrated
peak of Teneriffe is 12,176 feet above the level of
the sea. Although the top appears sharp, yet it is
flat for the extent of an acre of ground, in the cen-
tre of which is a dreadful volcano, which frequent-
ly brealfs out into flames, so violent as to shake
the whole island. Smoke constantly issues from
the mountain, near its summit, but no eruption
has occurred since 1704, when the port of Garra-
chico was destroyed, and the harbor filled by the
lava. The island is divided in the middle of a
ridge of mountains, which have been compared to
the roof of a church, the peak forming the spire or
steeple in the centre. A large part of the island
is rocky, but the remainder produces wheat, rye,
barley, and the vine. See Canaries. Lon. of the
Peak, according to Capt. Cook, 16° 43' 33" W. Lat.
28° 18' N.
Teneriffe, t. S. America, in Caraccas, 80 m. S.
S. W. St. Martha, 70 S. E. Carthagena, Lon. 74°
30' W. Lat. 10" 2' N.
Tenna, r. which runs into the Adriatic, 4 m. E.
N. E. Fermo.
Tennessee, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ken-
TEN
tucky ; E. by North Carolina ; S. by Georgia, Al-
abama, and Mississippi ; and W. by Mississippi
river, which separates it from Arkansaw territory.
It lies between 35° and 36° 30' N. lat. and betwpen
81° 30' and 90° 10' W. lon. It is 430 miles long,
104 broad, and contains 40,000 square miles, or
25,600,000 acres. Pop. in 1790, 35,691 ; in 1800,
105,602; in 1810, 261,727, of whom 44,535 were
slaves, and 1,317 free blacks ; and in 1820, 422,505.
The number of militia in 1821, was 36,146.
The Cumberland mountains run from S. W, to
N. E. through the centre ol the state, and divide
it into East Tennessee and West Tennessee.
East Tennessee is intersected by mountains, but
the vallies between the ridges are fertile. West
Tennessee is partly level and partly hilly, and
contains much fertile soil, particularly on the
banks of the rivers. The principal productions
are cotton, tobacco, wheat, hemp, and Indian
corn. The three first are exported in large quan-
tities. The usual route to a market is down the
Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the Ohio,
and thence down the Ohio and Mississippi to New-
Orleans. This course is very circuitous, and it is
expected that a road or canal will soon be formed,
connecting Tennessee river with some of the
branches of the Tombigbee, which will shorten
the distance to the Gulf of Mexico more than one
half. Cattle are raised in large numbers in East
Tennessee, and sent to the seaports on the Atlaif-
tic. Foreign goods imported into the state have
hitherto been brought from Philadelphia and Bal-
timore to East Tennessee in waggons; and to
West Tennessee, principally in waggons as far as
Pittsburg, and thence by water down the Ohio
and up the Cumberland.
The climate of Tennessee is generally healthy.
The season of vegetation commences 6 or 7 weeks
sooner than in New-Hampshire, and continues as
much later. Snow falls seldom, and does not lie
long. Ten inches is a deep snow, and 10 days an
extraordinary term for its duration. Cumberland
river has been frozen but 3 or 4 times since the
settlement of the country. The western part of
the state, included between Tennessee and Missis-
sippi rivers, was recently in possession of the
Chickasaws, but has been ceded by them to the
United States. The Cherokees own a large sec-
tion in the S. E. corner of the state, on both sides
of Hiwassee river.
The legislature consists of a senate and house of
representatives, the members of which, together
with the governor, are chosen biennially in Au-
gust. The principal denominations of Christians
are Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians.
There are nominally 4 colleges in the state ; 1 at
Greenville, 1 at Knoxville, 1 at Nashville, and 1
in Washington county.
Tennessee, r. U. States, formed by several
branches which rise in the western parts of Vir-
ginia and the Carolinas, and unite a little west of
Knoxville. It runs S. W. through the state of
Tennessee into Alabama ; it then turns and runs
N. W. through Tennessee into Kentucky, and
empties into the Ohio near its mouth. Its course
resembles the letter V. It is navigable to the
Muscle Shoals, 259 miles, at all seasons of thfc
year. Here it spreads out, and becomes so shal-
low, that it is difficult for boats to pass, when the
water is low. Above the shoals there is no ob-
struction for 250 miles, till you come to the Suck
or Whirl, where the river breaks through the
Cumberland mountains. The river is here com-
T E R
T E R
731
jSf^ssed to a width of about 70 yards. Just as it
enters the mountain, a large rock projects from
the northern shore, which causes a sudden bend
I in the river; the water is thrown with great
i violence and rapidity against the southern shore,
j whence it rebounds around the point of the rock,
and produces the whirl. Boats ascend and de-
scend tlie whirl wihout much danger or difficulty.
Tennessee, ridge, mountains of Tennessee which
separate- the waters of the Tennessee and Cum-
berland rivers.
Tennis, t. Egypt, on an island in a lake of the
same name, 28 m. S. E. Damietta. Lon. 32° 14'
E. 3r2'N.
Tennis, or Tniss, s-p. Algiers, at the mouth of a
river which runs into the Mediterranean opposite
a small island, 24 m. W. Shershell, 1 10 W. Algiers.
Lon. r 10' E. Lat, 36° 33' N.
Tensaw, r. Alabama, the eastern outlet of Mo-
bile river. It leaves the main stream 7 m. below
Fort Stoddert, and flows into Mobile bay 6 m. E.
of the western outlet.
Tensaw, p-t. Washington co. Alabama, near
Mobile bay.
Tensaw, r. Louisiana, which joins theWachitta
on the E. at the opposite mouth of the Ocatahoola,
Tenremonde. See Dende.rmonde.
Tenstadt, t. Prussian States, Saxony, 11 m. N,
W. Erfurt, 14 E. Mulhausen. Lon. 10° 55' E.
Lat 51° 8' N. Pop. 2,300.
Ten-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chan-tong, on the sea shore, with a convenient
harbor, 250 m. S. E. Peking. Lon. 120" 44' E.
Lat. 37° 48' N.
Tenterden, t. Eng. in Kent, remarkable for its
lofty steeple, 26 m. E. S. E. Tunbridge, 56 S. E.
London. Lon. 0° 41' E. Lat. 51° 4' N. Pop. 2,786.
Teoatzinco, t. Mexico, in TIascala, 20 m. E.
Tlascala.
Tepiru, t. Buenos Ayres, 18 m. N. W. St. Yago
del Estero.
Tepkas, Russian settlement in N. America, on
Beering's Strait. Lon. 1 12° 4' E. Lat. 66" N.
Teplitz, t. Bohemia, 14 m. W. N. W. Leitmeritz.
Tequendamah falls. See Bogota, Rio, de.
Ter, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediterra-
nean, 20 m. E. Gerona.
Teramo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; the see
of a bishop, 22 m. N. N. E. Aquila, 108 N. Naples.
Lon. 13° 49' E. Lat. 42" 37' N.
Terank, t. Egypt, on the W. branch of the Nile,
18 m. N. W. Cairo, 48 S. Faoua. Lon. 30° 45' E.
Lat. 30° 30' N.
Tercera, or Terceira, one of the Azores Islands,
64 m. in circumference. The only tolerable port
is the harbor of Angra. The island is pleasant
healthy and fertile, producing excellent vines,
wheat, lemons, oranges, &c. Lon. 27° 6' W. Lat.
38° 45' N.
Tirchiz, or Tcrshiz, t. Persia, in Chorasan, for-
merly a celebrated fortress, 120 m. W. N. W. He-
rat. Lon. 57" 12' E. Lat. 35° N.
Tergovilz, or Tergovista, t. and cap. of Walla-
chia, 64 m. S. E. Hermenstadt, 180 E. N. E. Bel-
grade. Lon. 25° 29' E. Lat. 45° 3' N. Pop. 5,000.
Terki, or Terek, or Turk, r. Russia, which runs
into the Caspian Sea, near Turkin.
Terki. See Turkin.
Termed, or Tarmad, t. Grand Bukharia, at the
union of two large rivers, whose united streams
form the Jihon, 130 m. S. Samarcand, 50 N. Balk.
Lon. 65° 48' E. Lat. 37° 30' N.
Termeh, or Karmili, r. A. Turkey, which runs
into the Black Sea, 30 m. N. E. Samsoun.
Termination Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, on
the S. VV. coast of Psew Holland. Lon. 122° 8' E.
Lat. 34" 32' S.
Termini, t. Sicily, on the N. coast, celebrated
for its warm baths, 18 m. E. Palermo. Lon. 13°
45' E. Lat. 38° 5' N. Pop. 10,000.
Termini. See Termoli.
Termoli, or Termini, t. Naples, in Capitanata ;
the see of a bishop. 57 m. VV. Vieste, 84 N. N. E.
Naples. Lon. 15° 5' E. Lat. 42° 2' N.
Tern, r. Eng. which runs into the Severn, 7 m.
below Shrewsbury.
Temate, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, and the prin-
cipal of the Moluccas or Spice Islands, of a circu-
lar form, and about 18 m. in circumference. In
the centre is a lofty volcanic mountain. The pro-
ductions are cocoa-nuts, bananas, yams, oranges,
and other fruits ; but the principal arficle of com-
merce is cloves. Lon. 127 " 10' E. Lat. 0° 50' N.
Ternay, Bay of, bay on the E. coast of Chinese
Tartary. Lon. 137° 29' E Lat. 45° 13' N.
Terneuse, t. Flanders, on the W. branch of the
Scheld, called the Hondt, 12 m. S. E. Flushing, 25
W. N. W. Antwerp.
Temiy (an. Interamnium,) t. Popedom, in the
duchy of Spoleto, between two arms of the Nera.
It is well built, and the see of a bishop. 14 m. S.
S. W. Spoleto, 40 N. Rome. Lon. 12° 37' E. Lat.
2° 34' N. Pop, 7,000.
Ternova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 95 m. E.
Sophia, 200 N.W.Constantinople. Lon. 25° 24'
E. Lat. 43" N.
Ternova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, on the Pe-
neus, 5 m. W, N. W. Larissa.
Terra Australis del Espiritu Santo, isl. in the
Pacific ocean, and the most westerly as well as
the largest of those called J^etc Hebrides, 60 miles
long and 30 broad. Lon. 166° 45' to 167'^ 32' E.
Lat. 14° 40' to 15° 40' S.
Terra Firma, a niune formerly applied to the
country now called New Granada, in the N. W.
part of South America.
Terra del Fuego, '■'■the land ofjire,''^ isl. sepa-
rated from the southern extremity of America by
the straits of Magellan. The country is dreary
and uncomfortable, consisting of a chain of stu-
pendous rooks, continually covered with snow.
Lon. 51° 20' to 58" W. Lat. 52° 30' to 55" 35' S.
Terra Jirma of Mingan, seigniory, extending
from Cape Cormorant, in Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, along the Labrador channel, to
Goynish river in Labrador.
Terra Mngellanica. See Patagonia.
Terracina, (an. Anxur,) t. Popedom, in the
Campagna di Homa, situated in a very fruitful but
marshy country. It had once a harbor, which is
now choked up. 20 m. W. Sezza, 47 S. E. Rome,
Pop. 9,000.
Terra J^ova, seaport, Sicily, in a gulf or bay of
the Mediterranean, 50 m. W. Syracuse, 14 E. S.
E. Alicata. Lon. 14" 10' E. Lat. 37° N. Pop.
7,500.
Terra J^uova, t. Sardinia, on a bay of the Medi-
terranean, 57 m. E. N. E. Sassari, 102 N. Cagliari.
Lon. 9° 40' E. Lat. 40° 52' N.
Terrasson, t. France, in Dordogne, 18 m. N. E.
Montignac, 25 E. Perigueux. Lon. 1° 22' E. Lat.
45° 7' N.
Terre aux Boeufs, settlement, Louisiana, just
above the English turn, in the river Mississippi.
Terre bonne, seigniory, Effingham co. Lewei"
t^
T E T
T H A
Canada, on St. Jean river, 15 m. N. W. Mon-
treal.
Ttrre Haute, settlement, Vigo co. Indiana, on a
tract of high prairie land, on the E. bank ol" the
Wabash, 3 m. below Fort Harrison. Here is a
post-office.
Terressn, one of the Nicobar island?, about 15
miles long. Lou. 93° 36' E. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Terriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 24 m. N.
Trichinopoli, 87 S. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 78"
45' E. Lat. ir 12'N,
Terryville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Tertri/, v. France, in Aisne, 9 ni. \V. St. Quen-
tin.
Teruel, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the conflux of
the Guadalaviar and the Alhambra; the see of a
bishop ; 72 m. S. Saragossa, 134 E. Madrid. Lon.
1" VV. Lat. 40° 32' N. Pop. 5,200.
Tescheyi, or Teissin, t. Austrian Silesia, which
gives name to a circle. It is on the Elsa, partly
in a valley and partly on a hill, and surrounded
by a morass ; 26 ra. S. E. Ratibor, 30 E. Troppau.
Lon. 18° 41' E. Lat. 49° 43' N. Pop. 5,379.
Tesegdelt, t. Morocco, 80 m. VV. N. W. Morocco,
20 S. Mogador.
Tesijio, r. Italy, which rises in Mount St. Go-
thard, and passing through lake Maggiora, falls
into the Po, at Pavia.
Tesino, or Tessin, t. Tyrol, 24 ra. N. E. Trent,
29 S. E. Bolzano.
Tesoro, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the
coast of South America. Lon. 75° 46' W. Lat.
10" 8' N.
Ttst or Tese, r. Eng. which runs into Southamp-
ton Water.
Testa di Moro, small isl. near the E. coast of
Sardinia. Lon. 9° 53' E. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Testigos, Los, small islands, 10 leagues from the
continent of South America. Lon. 62° 5' W. Lat.
ll'-'25'N.
Tel, r. France, which runs into the Mediterra-
nean, 7 m. E. Perpignan.
Tetbury. See Tedbury.
Ttte de Buck, La, t. France, in Gironde, on the
S. side of a large bay, called The Harbor of Ar-
cachon, the entrance oi which is dangerous ; 30
Ol. S. W. Bourdeaux.
Ttihuroa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, subject to
Otaheite, 24 m. N. W. Point Venus. Lon. 149°
3«.)' W. Lat. 17° 4' S.
Teton, r. Missouri Territory, which flows into
the Missouri. Its mouth is 1,263 miles from the
Mississippi.
Telriim, t. Russia, in Archangel, near the White
sea, 100 m.N. N. W. Archangel.
Tctschin, or Tetsin, or Dietschin, t. Bohemia,
on the E'iie, 40 m. N. Prague. Lon. 14° 17' E.
Lat. 50° 46' N.
Tettenhal, or Telnal, v. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2
m. N. W. Wolverhampton.
Tetinans:, t. Wurtemberg, 8 m. N. Liudau, 18
E. N. E. Constance. Po}). 1,.300.
Tettua Molv, cape on the E. coast of New Zea-
land, the N. E. point of Poverty bay. Lon. 181°
30' W. Lat. 38" 36' N.
Tetuan, or Telieget, or Teleiven, t. Africa, on the
coast of Fez, about lialf a mile from the Mediter-
ranean, inhabited bv Moors and Jews, 30 m. S. E.
Tangicrs. Lon. 5° 20' W. Lat. 35° 30' N. Pop.
5,000.
Telyan Head, cape on the W. coast of the island
of Mindanao. Lon. 124° 36' E. Lat. 7' 20' N.
Teuchem, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, in Thu-
vingia, 18 m.S. W. Leipsic, Pop. 700.
Teuffen, t. Switzerland, in Appenzel, 6 m. N.
N. VV.' Appenzel, 4 S. S. E. St. Gall.
Tevjing, or Tauzim, t. Bohemia, 22 m. N. W,
Pilseu. Lon. 13° 5' E. Lat. 50" 2' N.
Teupitz, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. Berlin. Lon.
13°30'E. Lat, 52° 5' N.
Teurert, or Tevrert, t. Fez, on the borders of Al-
giers, 40 m. E. N. E. Teza. Lon. 3° 30' W. Lat.
34° 2' N.
Teuschnitz, t. Bavaria, 34 m. N. E. Bamberg,
12 N. Culmbach. Lon. 11° 30' E. Lat 60° 23' N.
Pop. 714.
Tewkesbury, t. England, in Gloucester, at the
conflux of the Severn and the Avon. Near this
town was fought a most bloody battle between the
parties of York and Lancaster, which put a final
period to the power of the latter. Tewkesbury
is at present chiefly distinguished for its manufac-
ture of stockings. It sends two members to par-
liament. 1 1 m. N. E. Gloucester, 104 W. Lon-
don. Lon. 2° 9' W. Lat. 52° 2' N. Pop. 4,820.
Teicksbnry, t. Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the
N. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. Quebec.
Tewskbury, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 23 m. N.
Boston. Pop. 943.
Tewksbury, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 1,308.
Texas, country, North America, bounded E. by
Louisiana; S. E. by the gulf of Mexico; W.and
S. VV, by the Rio del Norte ; N.and N. E. by Red
river. Its greatest length is 800 miles, its great-
est breadth 500, and its area 240,000 square miles.
According to the late treaty, it is wholly included
in the Spanish dominions. The air is pure, se-
rene, and healthful. Though taken as a whole it
cannot be considered a fertile country, yet there
are many fine tracts. Red river and several other
streams will probably admit of settlements through
their whole extent.
Texel, or Tessel, isl. Holland, about 11 miles
long and 6 broad, at the mouth of the Zuyder
Zee, with a capacious and good harbor, and a fort
which commands the entrance ; besides a town of
the same name, it contains 6 villages : the land is
fertile in pasture, and the whole well secured with
dykes of prodigious strength and height. Near
this island was the celebrated sea-fight, between
the fleet of Holland, under Admiral Martin Har-
pertz Tromp, and that of England, under Admi-
ral Blake, in 1653, in which Tromp was killed.
Lon. 4" 40' E. Lat. 53" 5' N.
Teya, r. Austria, which passes through a part of
Moravia, and runs into the Marsch, 11 m. N. E.
Zistcrsdorf.
Tey}i, t. Bohemia, 12 ra. W. N. W. Jung Bunt-
zel.
Teza, t. Fez, 50 ra. N. N. E. Fez, GO S. E. Te-
tuan. Lon. 4° 15' W. Lat. 34° 5' N.
Tezcuco, t. Mexico, 15 m. E. Mexico.
Tezzoute, t. Algiers, sup}!oscd to be the Lambe-
sa of the ancients. The ruins extend nearly 3
leagues in circumfei'ence. 70 m. S. S. W. Con -
stantina, 140 S. E. Algiers. Lon. 5" 58' E. Lat.
35° 24' N.
Thainee, (an. Thena, or Tfie?i(e,) t. Tunis, on
the coast, 50 m. S. S. W. El Medea, 69 S. S. E.
Cairoan.
Thais, t. France, 6 m. S. S. E. Paris.
Thabnessing, or Thalmessinsen. t. Germany, 3)
m. S. E. Anspach, 12 N, Aichstat^. Lon. 11° 10'
E. Lat. 49° 1' N.
THE
T H I
733
Thame, or Tame, t. England, in Oxford, on the
river Tame, which is navigable for barges, 13 m.
E. Oxford, 45 N. W. London. Lon. 0" 53' E. Lat.
5r 45' N.
Thames, r. England, which rises about 3 miles
S. from Cheltenham, and passing by Lechdale,
Oxford, Abingdon, Alarlow, Windsor, Staines,
Kingston, Richmond, Brentford, Westminster,
London, Greenwich, Woolwich, Grovesend, kc.
falls into the German ocean. The tide runs as
far up as Richmond, about 70 miles from the sea.
Large merchant ships go up to London, and bar-
ges as lar as Lechdale.
Thames, r. Upper Canada, which runs into lake
St. Clair, in lon. 82" 10' W. Lat. 42° 45' N.
Thames, r. Conn, is formed by the union of
Shetucket and Norwich rivers, at Norwich land-
ing, and running S. 14 miles, empties into Long
Island sound at New London. It is navigable for
sea vessels to Norwich.
Thamsbruck, or Thomasbruck, t. Prussian states,
in Saxony, 8 m. S. E. Mulhausen, 16 W. N. W.
Erfurt. Lon. 10° 42' E. Lat. 51° 5' N. Pop.
1,050.
Thanet, Island of, isl. Eng. at the S. E. part of
the county of Kent, divided from the rest of the
county by the river Stour. The principal towns
are Margate and Rarasgate,
Thannkaiisen, or Tamiliausen, t. Germany, 22
m. E. Ulm. Lon. 10° 28' E. Lat. 48° 15' N.
Thanwald, t. Silesia, 13 m. N. W. Breslau.
Thaso, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, in the
gulf of Contesa, formerly famous for its rich gold
mines. Lon. 24" 4G' E. Lat. 40° 34' N.
Thatcham, t. Eng. in Berkshire, 4 m. E. New-
bury, 52 W. London.
Thatcher'' s Island, small isl. off the coast of
Mass. 1 m. E. Cape Ann.
Thaxted, t. Eng. in Essex, 6 m. W. Dunmow,
43 N. xN. E. London. Lon. 0° 20' E. Lat. 31°
58' N.
Theakiki. See Kankakee.
Theano, or Tiano, t. Naples, 15 m. N. Capua.
Thebaid. See Said.
Thebes. See Thiva.
Thedinghausen, t. Germany, in Brunswick, 12
m. N. N. W. Hoya. Pop. 1,500.
Themar, t. Germany, in Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld,
on the Werra, 12 m. S. E. Meinungen. Pop.
1,300.
Thenezay, t. France, in Two Sevres, 10 m. N.
E. Partenay, 7 S. E. Airvault.
Thengen, t. Germany, 22 m. N. W. Constance,
8 N. Schaffhausen.
Theodosia, or (Jaffa. See Caffa.
Tlieopolis, a station of the London Missionary
Society, in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope,
60 m. N. E. Bethelsdorp, 560 E. Capetown. It is
exposed to the depredations of the Caffres.
Therasia, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago,
separated from the N. W. coast of Santorin by a
narrow channel, 3 m. N. St. Nicolo.
Thermia, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 12
miles long and 6 broad, so called from its abound-
ing with hot springs. It produces large quanti-
ties of barley, wine, figs, honey, wax, fine silk,
and cotton. The Greek Christians in this island
are computed at 16,000. Lon. 24° 32' E. Lat. 37°
20' N.
Therouanne, t. France, in straits of Calais, on
the Lys, 6 m. S. St. Omer, 4 W. Aire.
Thessalon, r. Canada, which runs into lake Hu-
ron, in lon. 82° 28' W. lat. 46° 0' N.
Tliessalonica, in Sac. Geog. See Saloniki.
Thessaly, or Janna, province, Eu. Turkey,
bounded N. by Macedonia, E. by the Archipelago,
S. by Livadia, and W. by Livadia and Epire : an-
ciently called Thessalia, Pelasgia, and PyrrheUf
and now by the Turks Janna. It was sometimes
annexed to Macedonia, and sometimes divided
from it. Among its celebrated mountains, the
most remarkable are Olympus, Pelion, and Ossa.
Here also are the plains of Pharsalia, and the de-
lightful valley of Tempe. The country is fertile,
producing oranges, citrons, lemons, pomegranates,
grapes, figs, and melons.
Thetford, t. England, situated on the Lesser
Ouse, partly in Norfolk and partly in Suffolk. Its
chief manufacture is woollen cloth. It returns 3
members to parliament. 29 m. S. W. Norwich,
80 N. E. London. Lon. 0° 45' E. Lat. 52° 25' N.
Pop. 2,450.
Thetford, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45
m. S. Quebec.
Thetford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 28 m. above Windsor. Pop. 1,735.
Theux, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. W. Spa.
Theysse, r, which rises in the E. part of Hun-
gary, and runs into the Danube, 19 m. N. W. Bel-
grade.
Thibet, country, Asia, extending from the
source of the Indus to the borders of China, and
from Hindoostan to the deserts of Cobi, 1,500 miles
long from E. to W\ Little Thibet, which is situ-
ated between Thibet and Cashgar, is not connect-
ed with this country. Thibet is governed by the
grand lama, who is sovereign pontiff of the great-
er part of Chinese and Independent Tartary.
The great lama resides near the city of Lassa,
and receives the adoration of the natives, as well
as of numberless foreigners, who undertake long
and painful journies to pay him homage. Besides
the great lama, who is the head of religion, and
sovereign of Thibet, there are other princes, who
have cities, and many subjects under them. Thi-
bet is now ranked among the tributary dominions
of the emperor of China. The exports are gold
dust, diamonds, pearls, coral, musk, woollen cloth,
lambskins, roclc salt, tincal, fine goat's hair, and
shawls.
Thiel, or Tiel, city, Netherlands, in Gueldcr-
land, on the N. side of the Wahal, in a small isl-
and, 18 m. N. N. E. Bois le Due, 5 W. Nimmegen ,
Pop. 3,731.
Thielle^ r. Switzerland, which runs into the
Aar, 3 m. below Buren.
Thiers, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome. Here are
manufactures of cutlery, playing cards, paper,
thread, &c. 21 m. S. E. Gannat, 20 E. Clermont.
Lon. 3° 38' E. Lat. 45° 52' N. Pop. 10,605.
Thionville, t. France, in Moselle, on the Mo-
selle, 3i posts N. Metz, 39i E. N. E. Paris. Lon.
6° 15' E. Lat. 49° 21' N. Pop. 5,413.
Thirlwal Castle, a boundary fortress between
England and Scotland, on the Pict's Wall, 3 m.
N. W. Haltwesel.
Thirsk, or Thriish, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 41 m.
W. Scarborough, 230 N- London. Lon. 1° 23' W,
Lat. 54° 13' N.
Thirsty Soimd, inlet on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 210° 18' W. Lat. 22° 10' S.
Thirstonland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. Hud-
dersfield.
Thirtymile, or Dead River, r. Maine, which runs
into the Androscoggin, in Livermore.
T/uro, or Stibes^ Can. Thebu^,) t. Eu. Turkey,
734
T H O
T H U
in Livadia, situated on a rising ground between
two small rivers, 28 m. W. N. W. Athens, 32 S. E.
Livadia. Lon. 23° 34' E. Lat. 38° 25' N. Pop.
4,500.
Thizy, t. France, 27 m. N. W. Lyons,
Thoco, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, near the
coast of Greece. Lon. 23° 21' E. Lat. 37° 20' N.
Thomar, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 63 m. N.
E. Lisbon, 42 S. Coimbra. Lon. 8° 8' W, Lat.
39"34'N.
Thomases Creek, r. S. Carolina, which runs into
the Great Pedee, 1 m. from Chatham.
Thomastown, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 16 m. N.
Waterford, 8 S. S. E. Kilkenny.
Thomastotvn, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the W.
side of Penobscot bay, at its entrance, 36 m. E.
Wiscasset, 83 E. N. E. Portland, 203 N. E. Bos-
ton. It is a flourishing town, and exports large
quantities of lime and lumber. Limestone is
found in large quantities, and between 30 and 40
lime kilns have been erected. There are two
churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap-
tists. Pop. in 1820, 2,551.
Thompson, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 46 m. E. N.E.
Hartford. Pop. 2,467.
Thompson, t. ami cap. Sullivan co. N. Y. 34 m.
from Newburgh, 22 from Delaware rivft-. Pop.
1,300.
Thompson'' s creek, r. Feliciana district, Louis-
iana, which runs into the Mississippi, 7 m. below
Point Coupee.
Thompson'' s salt-works, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio.
Thompsonloum, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa.
Thonnaustauff, t. Bavaria, near the Danube,
3 m. from Katiisbon.
Thonon, or Tenon, t. Savoy, on the lake of Ge-
neva, 18 m. N. E, Geneva. Lon. 6° 32' E. Lat.
46°18'JS.
Thorn, city, Prussia, on the Vistula. It is de-
fended by a iine double wall and moats. It was
formerly strong' y fortified, and was a place of very
considerable trade, and one of the principal of
the Hanse towns. But it has now declined, the
river having become so shallow Uiat ships of bur-
den cannot come up to the city. 70 m. S. Dant-
zic. Lon. 18° 30' E. Lat. 52° 55' N. Pop. n,37\.
Thorn, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, '^l m. S. York, 166
N. London. Lon. 1° W. Lat. 53 40' N.
Thorn, t. Perry co. Ohio, 6 m. N. W. Somerset.
Thornbury, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 12 m. N.
Bristol, 121 W. London. Lon. 2° 33' W. Lat. 5 1°
40' N.
Thornconib, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 2 m. N. E.
Axminster.
Thornhill, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. W. Wake-
field.
Thorney Abbey, t. Eng. in Cambridge, 6 m. N.
E. Peterborough, 87 IST. London.
Thomey Island, small isl. in r. bay of the Eng-
lish channel, near the coa?^ of Sussex, 7 m. S. W,
Chichester.
Thornton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Brad-
ford.
Thornton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 12 m. N. Stetle.
Thornsburg, p-v. Spottsylvania co. Va.
Thornton, t. Grafton co. N.H. 45 m. N. Con-
cord. Pop. 794,
Thornton's Gap, p-v. Culpepper co. Va.
Thornville, p-t. Perry co. Ohio, 9 m. N. W.
Somerset.
Thorold, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on Chip-
peway rivf r.
7%oroe, small isl. of Denmark, ia the Little Belt,,
near the island of Funen. Lon. 9° 53' E. Lat 55"
15'N.
Thorp Arch, v. Eng. io Yorkshire, 3 m. S. E.
Wetherby.
Thorshaven, s-p. of the island of Stromoe, and
capital of all the Faroer islands.
Thmiars, i. France, in Two Sevres, 31 m. W.
Poitiers, 39 N. Niort. Lon. 0° 8' W. Lat. 46° 58'
N. Pop. 2,03,5.
Thousand Islands, small islands in the Straits of
Sunda. Lon. 106° 33' E. Lat. 5" 33' S.
Thousand Islands, small islands in the river St.
Lawrence, a little below Lake Ontario.
Thrapston, t. Eng. in Northampton, 18 m. N.E.
Northampton, 75 N. London. Lon. 0° 32' W.
Lat. 52° 25' N.
Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the Indian sea,
near the E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 51° 10' N.
Lat. 13° 20' S.
Three Brothers, 3 small islands iu the E. Indian
sea. Lon. 132° 15' E. Lat. 5° 30' S.
Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the Atlantic,
near Prince's Island. Lon. 7° E. Lat. 1° 32' N.
Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the E. Indian
sea, near the W. coast of Amboyna. Lon. 128° 18'
E. Lat. 3° 39' S.
Three Brothers, small islands near the S. W.
coast of Celebes. Lon. 1 19" 38' E. Lat. 5° 25' S.
Three Kings, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
N. coast of New Zealand. Lon. 172° 12" E. Lat.
34° 12' S.
Three Rivers. See Trois Riviers.
Three Sisters, 3 small islands on the W. side of
Chesapeake bay, N. of Parker's island.
Tlir^'shold Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 132° E. Lat. 0" 37' S.
Thrum Cap Island, small island in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 139° 48' W Lat. 18° 35' S.
Thrushel, r. Eng. which runs into the Tamer,
opposite Launceston.
Tfiuin, t. Netherlands, on the Sambre, 14 m. S.
E. Mons, 48 W. S. W. Liege. Lon. 4" 21' F^ Lat.
50° ^0' N. Pop. 2,706.
Thule, (Southern,) a part of Sandwich Land, in
thft Atlantic ocean, and the most southerly land
yet discovered. Lon. 27° 45' W. Lat. 59° 34' S.
Thum, t. Saxonv, 7 m. S. Chemnitz, 36 W. S.
W. Dresden. Lon. 12" 50' E. Lat. 50° 37' N.
Thun, t, Swisserl-.md, in Berne, 20 m. S. E.
Berne. Lon. 7° 31' E. Lat. 46° 44' N.
Thun, lake, Swis?prland, in Berne, 12 miles
lon?. 15 m. S.S.E. Berne.
Thvnder boy, larn-c bay of Michigan Territory,
on the W. coast of Lake Huron, N. of Saganaw
bay.
Thungen. See Tifngen.
Thunoe, small i>^l. Denmark, between the coast
of .Tii+lard, and the island of Samsoe. Lon. 10°
•27" T:. Lat. 65^SR'N.
Th^n; r. Sv -^ c. which runs into the Rhine, 7 nl.
S. S. W. i-n-'V :.^^-en.
Thurgau, cauian, Swisserland, bounded N. by
Germany and the Lake of Coi-stincc, E. by the
Lake of Constance, S. by St. Gr.l', and W. by Zu-
rich, and Scaffhausen. Pop. 74,000. About one
third of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, and
the rest Calvinists.
Thurimria, formerly a circle of Saxony, lying
between the Saale and the Werra.
ThvrJe.i, t. Ireland, in Tippcrary, 20 m. W. Kil-
kenny, 10 N. Cashel.
T I C
T I L
735
Thurlmere, lake, Eng. in Cumberland, from
\vhence a river runs to the Derwent, 3 m. S. E.
Keswick.
Thurlow, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Ontario, W. of Kingston.
Thurlow's Island, isl. in the Pacific, near the
coast of N. America, about 24 miles long. Lon.
233° 35' E. Lat. 50" 24' N.
Thurman. See Athol, N. Y.
Thurnau, t. Germany, 21 m. E. N. E. Bamberg.
Lon. \r 26' E. Lat. 50" 2' N.
Thurotz, r. Hungary, which runs into the Waag,
12 m. N. St. Martin.
Thurso, s-p. Scotland, on the N. coast of Caith-
ness, in Dunnet Bay. 42 m. N. N. E. Dornock.
Lon. 3° 22' W. Lat. 58° 31' N.
Thus, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian
sea, 40 m. N.W.Zaweh.
Thwart the Way, isl. in the Straits of Sunda.
Lon. 105° 43' E. Lat. 5° 55' S.
Thwart the Way, isl. in a bay on the coast of
j^ew Guinea. Lon. 136° 54' E. Lat. 2° 15' S.
Thyatira, in Sac. Geog. See Akhisar.
Tiagnanuco, t. Buenos Ay res, 36 m. N. W. La
Paz.
Tiang-potao, isl. of Corea, about 30 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 124° 52' E. Lat. 37" 20' N.
Tiano, small, isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 68" 42' N.
Tiaoyu-su, small isl. in the Chinese sea, belong-
ing to those called Lieou-kieou. Lon. 123" 37' E.
Lat. 25° 55' N.
Tibaens, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
4 m. W. Braga.
Tibbermuir, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 4 m. W.
Perth.
Tibbo, a people of Africa, inhabiting the coun-
try to the W. S. and E. of Fezzan.
Tiber, r. Italy, which rises from the Appennine
mountains, passes by Rome, and runs into the
Mediterranean, in lon. 1 1" 8' E. Lat. 41° 47' N.
Tiber creek. See Goose creek.
Tiberias. See Tabria.
Tiboulen, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of France. Lon. 6° 24' E. Lat. 43°
15' N.
Ttburon, Cape, S. America, at the entrance of
tlie gulf of Darieu. Lon. 77° 10' W. Lat. 9°
25' N.
Tiburon, small isL in the Pacific ocean. Lat
14° S.
Tiburones, or Main Cape Reef, 2 small islands
near the coast of Honduras. Lon. 82° 8' W. Lat.
15° 10' N.
Ticao, one of the Philippine islands, about 25
miles long and 3 to 8 broad. Lon. 123° 34' E. Lat.
12° 39' N.
Tichjield, v. Eng. in Hants, on a river which
runs into the Southampton Water, 8 m. N. W.
<losport, 74 S. W. London.
Tickfali, r. Louis-iatia, which flows into Lake
Maurepas, 4 ra. N. ol Uie mouth of Amite river.
Tickle Ilarboxir, harbour on the E. coast of New-
foundland.
Tickill, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 44 m. S. York, 155
N. London. Lon. 1° 12' W. Lat. 53° 27' N.
Tirmderoga, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake
Champlair. Pop. 985. The fortres" of Ticonde-
roga so cei«brated in the history of American
wars, was built on a tongue of land of considerable
elevation, at the confluence of Lake George creek
with f^ake Champlain, 15 m. S. Crown Point, 24
N. Whitehall, in N. hit. 43" 50'. On three sides it
is surrounded by water, and about half of the other
side is occupied by a deep swamp. Mount Inde-
pendence, often mentioned in connection with Ti-
conderoga, lies on the E. side of Lake Champlain,
about 2 m. S. E. of the fort. Mount Defiance is
on Lake George creek, and most completely com-
mands Ticonderoga, which is far below, and with-
in fair cannon shot. The remains of the fortifica-
tions are still conspicuous, and the old stone bar-
racks, erected by the French, are in part stand-
ing.
Ticoo Islands, cluster of small islands near the
W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99° 13' E. Lat. 0°
6' S.
Ticos, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 124" E. Lat. 14° 10' N.
Tide, or Tidi, r. Eng. which runs into tlie Ha-
moaze below Saltash.
Tider, or Ner, small i.sl. in tlie Atlantic, near
the coast of Africa. Lat. 19° 30' N.
Tideswall, or Tideswell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire,
32 m. N. N. ^^\ Derby, 158 N. London. Lon. 1,°
39' W. Lat. 53° 20' N.
Tidla, r. Sweden, which runs into the Wenner
Lake, near Mariestadt.
Tidor, or Tidore, isl. in the E. Indian sea, and
one of the Moluccas, 15 ra. S. E. I'ernate. Lon.
127° 19' E. Lat. 0" 42' N.
TicUenhead, cape, Ireland, on the N. side of the
entrance into Donegal bay, and the S. W. extremi-
ty of Donegal co. 25 m. W. Donegal. Lon. 8"25'
W. Lat. 54" 40' N.
Tiellen Harbour, bay on the N. side of Donegal
bay, 7 m. E. S. E. Tiellen Head.
Tienen. See Tirlemont.
Tiengen, or Thiengen, or Thungen, t. Germany,
on the Wutach, 29 m. E. Bale, 36 W. Constance.
Lon. 8" 17' E. Lat. 47" 42' N.
Tieiar, r. Spain, which runs into the Tagus, near
Talavan.
Tieffesh, or Tifas, (an. Thevesle,) t. Algiers, 40
ra. S. Bona. Lon. 7° 40' E. Lat. 36° 20' N.
Tijffin, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,529.
7\ga, small isl. in tlie E. Indian sea, near tha N.
W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 112° 14' E. Late"
25' N.
Tigaon, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N. W.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 128° 48' E. Lat. 6° 10 N.
Tiger, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the
coast of Darien. Lon. 77" 30' W. Lat. 8" 35' N.
Tigre, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, at the en-
trance into Amapalla bay. Lon. 88" 44' W. Lat.
13° 10' N.
Tigre, province, Abyssinia, about 200 mUes
long and 120 broad. All the merchandize desti-
ned to cross the Red Sea must pass through this
province,
Tigris, r. Asia, which rises in the mountains of
Armenia, passes by Diarbekir, Mosul, and many
other cities and towns, and joining the Euphrates,
both together run into the Persian gulf, below
Bassora. It is navigable for boats to Diarbekir.
Tiis, or Tiz, t. Persia, in Mecran, at the mouth
of the Kurene, 75 m. S. Kidge. Loa. 60° 24' E.
Lat. 25" 25' N.
Tila Alatv, one of the Lipari islands, 6 m. S. S.
W. Stromboli.
Tilbury,iort, Eng. on the N. side of the Thames,
in Essex, opposite Gravesend, 28 m. E. London.
Tilbury, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending from
Lake Erie to Lake St. Clair.
Tilghman's island, Md. on the eastern shore of
the Chesapeake, at the mouth of Choptank river-
736
T I N
T I O
Till, r. Eng. in Northumberland, which runs in-
to the Tweed, 2 m, N. E, Coldstream.
Ttllanjong, one of the Nicobar Islands, in the
Indian sea. Lon. 94° 9' E. Lat. 8" 40' N.
Tille, (La,) r. France, which runs into the Sa-
one, 3 m. below Auxonne.
Tillipally, t. in the district of Jaffna, in the
northern jart of the island of Ceylon, 10 m. N. of
the town of Jaffna. It is one of the stations of the
Amer.can Board of Commiss"ioners for Foreign
Missions. See Ceylon.
Tilly, or 67. Antoi-ne, seigniory, Buckingham
CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Law-
rence, 15 m. S. W. Quebec.
Tilsit, t. Prussia, large, rich, and commercial.
The river Alemel, which runs along the N. side of
the town, opens a very advantgeous trade with
Konigsberg. In 1807, it was taken by the French ;
soon after which a peace was made between
France, Russia, and Prussia, called the Peace of
Tilsit 50 m. N. E. Konigsberg, 50 S. S. E. Me-
mel, Lon. 22° 8' E. Lat. 55° 8' N. Pop. 8,656.
Timbo, t. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 9°
20' W. Lat. 5° 28' N.
Timbuctoo. See Tombuctoo.
Timelfioerd, bay of the North sea, on the coast
of Norway, 32 m W. Romsdal.
Timerycotta, t. Hind, in Golcondah, 54 m. S. E.
Hydrabad, 95 W. Masulipatam. Lon. 79° 26' E.
Lat. 15° 20' N.
Timmiskamain Lake, lake in Canada. Lon. 80°
40' W. Lat. 47° 30' N.
Timhxih, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe
of Judah.
Timoan, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 104°
25' E. Lat. 2° 58' N.
Timor, isl. in the Indian sea, about 120 miles
long and 33 broad. The principal productions
are sandal wood and wax. Lon. 124" to 126° 21'
E.Lat. 7" 16' to 10°24'N.
Timor Laut, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 60 miles in
circumference. Lon. 132° 16' E. Lat. T 25' S.
Tinchebray, t. France, in Orne, 10 m. N. Dom-
front, 22 W. Falaise.
Tine, or Tyne, r. Eng. which rises on the bor-
ders of Scotland, and passing by Newcastle, falls
into the German sea, at Tinemouth.
Tinea, r. Piedmont, which rises in the Alps, and
runs into the Var, 12 m. N. Nice.
Tineh, t. Egypt, between the S. extremity of
Lake Menzaleh and the Mediterranean, near the
ancient Pelusium, and on a canal formerly called
the P elusion mouth of the Nile. 80 m, N. N. E.
Cairo, 65 N. Suez. Lon. 38' 45' E. Lat. 30''
48' N.
Tineh, t. Africa, in Tripoli, on a river which
runs into the gulf of Sidra. Lon. 19° 12' E. Lat.
30° 5' N.
Tinemouth, s-p. Eng. in Northumberland, at the
mouth of the Tine, on the German sea. It has
aeveral salt works ; but its greatest article of trade
is coals, of which upwards of 770,000 chaldrons
are sent to London. 9 m. E. N. E. Newcastle, 280
N.London. Lat. 54° 54' N. Pop. 5,334.
Tineto, small isl. near the coast of Genoa, at the
entrance of the gulf of Spetia, 8 m. S. Spetia. Lon.
9° 42' E. Lat. 44-^2' N.
Tinerelly, or Palamcotta, city, Hind, and cap. of
a province in the Carnatic,74 m. S. S. W. Madu-
ra, 148 S. S. E. Coimbetore. Lon. 77° 4G' E. Lat.
8° 42' N.
Tinevelly, province, Hind, bounded N. by Ma-
dura, E. and S. by the Gulf of Manara, and W. by
Travancore, from which 'it is separted by the
Ghauts, 150 ra. long by 50 broad. Pop. 700,000,
of whom it is said 175,000 are Brahmins, 30,000
Roman Catholics, and 4,000 Protestants. The
Tamul language is spoken here in great purity.
The Protestants have 27 churches in this district,
and there are several Missionary stations of the
Christian Knowledge, and Church Missionary So-
cieties. The coast has long been celebrated for
its pearls. It was formerly in possession of the
Portuguese.
Tingano, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chi-
nese sea, in lon. 103° 9' E lat. 5" 27' N.
Tingi, cluster of small islands in the Chinese
sea, near the E. coast of Malacca. Lon. 104° 21'
E. Lat. 2° 23' N.
Tingo, or Tenna, r. Italy, which runs into the
Adriatic, 3 m. N. Fermo.
Tingoran, small isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
coast of Malacca. Lon. 103° 33' E. Lat. 4° 8' N.
Tingwalla, isl. Sweden, in Wenner Lake,
whereon the town of Carlstadt is built.
Tinian, one of the Ladrone islands, in the Pacif-
ic ocean, about 42 miles in circumference. It
produces cotton, indigo, and the tropical fruits in
abundance. Lon. 146" E. Lat. 15° N.
Tinicun, t, Delaware co. Pa. on the Delaware.
Pop. 249.
Tinker's island, one of the Elizabeth islands, off
the coast of Mass. 8 m. from the main land.
Tinmouth, t. Rutland co. Vt. 31 m. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,001.
Tinne, t. Africa, on the N. side of the Niger,
130 m. W. S. W. Tombuctou.
Tino, small isl. near the coast of Genoa, at the
entrance of the gulf Spetia, 8 m. S. Spetia. »Lon.
9° 42' E. Lat. 44" 3' N.
Tino, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, about 60
miles in circumference. It produces melons, figs,
and grapes; but the chief riches are its silk. Lon.
25° 7' E. Lat. 37° 36' N. Pop. 23,000 Greeks.
Tinslcysville, p-v. Goochland co. Va.
Tinto,'r. Spain, in Seville, which owes its name
to the waters being tinged of a yellow colour. It
falls into the Atlantic at the town of Huelva.
Tintwistle, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 10 m. N. E.
Chester.
Tioga, a large Western branch of the Susque-
hannah. It rises in Pennsylvania, and running N.
E. into New- York, receives the Conhocton, at
Fainted Post, then turning S.E. it re-enters Penn-
svlvania, and meets the Eastern branch of the
Susquehannah at Tioga point. It affords good
navigation for boats.
Tioga, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Tompkins co.
E. by Broome co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by
Steuben co. Pop. 7,899. Chief town, Spencer.
Tioga, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Susquehan-
nah, 13 m. S. W. Binghampton, 170 from Albany.
Pop. 500.
Tioga, CO. Pa. bounded N. by New- York. Pop.
1,687. Chief town, Wellsborough.
Tioga, p-t. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 803.
Tioga point. Sec Athens, Pa.
Tiookea, one of King George's Islands, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 144° 66' W. Lat. 14° 27' S.
Tiom, isl. in the North sea, near the W. coast
of Sweden, 25 miles in circumference. Lon. 11°
29' E. Lat. 58° N.
Tiomebierg, small isl. in the Baltic, near the S.
coast of Laland. Lon. 1 1° 18' E. Lat. 54° 42' N.
Tiomeholm, small isl. in the Baltic, near the S.
roast of Laland. Lon. 1 1° 37' F.. Lat. 54" 39' N.
T I T
T O B
737
Tiougnioga creek, N. Y. rises in Onondaga co,
and after a course of 53 miles, joins the Chenan-
go, in Broome co.
Tipera, or Tipra, formerly Jagenagur, country
of Asia, annexed to Bengal, bounded N. by Silhet,
E. by Ava, S. by Chittigong, and W. by Dacca.
Lon. 110" E. Lat. 24*= 20' iN.
Tiphsah, in Sac. Geog. t. on the W. bank of the
Euphrates, which was the extreme northern lim-
it of the empire of Solomon.
Tippal, r. Eng. in Northumberland, which runs
into the Tyne, near Haltwhistle.
Tippecanoe, r. Indiana, which enters the Wa-
bash from the N. 140 m. above Vincennes. On the
I banks of this river a severe battle was fought,
I November 1811, between the United States troops
I and the Indians, in which the former were victori-
ous.
Tipperary, t. Ireland, 20 m, S. E. Limerick, 9
W. Cashel.
Tipperary, county, Ireland, bounded N. E. by
King's county, E. by Queen's county and Kil-
kenny, S. by Waterford, and W. by Limerick,
Clare, and Galway, 52 miles long, and from 12 to
31 broad. Pop. 169,000.
Tipra. See Tipera.
Tipsa, t. Algiers, on the borders of Tunis, 85 m.
S. E. Constantia, 80 S. Bona. Lon. 8° E. Lat. 35°
27' N.
Tiraght, isl. in the Atlantic, near the W. coast
[ of Ireland, 8 m. S. W. Dunmore Head.
I 7\rano, t. Italy, on the Adda, 24 ^m. E. N. E.
j Morbegno, 18 S. W. Bormio.
I Tireboli, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Black sea,
' at the mouth of a river of the same name, 20 m.
I N. E. Keresour.
I Tiree, or Ttry, one of the Hebrides or Western
! Islands of Scotland, 10 miles long. Lon. 6" 48'
! W. Lat. 56" 32' N. Pop. 2,416.
i Tireh, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 32 m. S. S. E.
I Smyrna, 25 N. E. Scalanova. Lon. 27" 40' E. Lat.
I 38" 8' N.
i Tirka, t. Africa, on the N. side of the Niger, 120
I m. E. Ghana. Lon. 14" 30' E. Lat. 15" 20' N.
\ Tirlemont, t. Netherlands, in Brabant, on the
I Geete. It has been a very flourishing and popu-
' lous city, and many vestiges of its grandeur are
I yet visible, but it has suffered much by war and
I other calamities. 9 m. S. E. Louvain, 24 W. N.
W. Liege. Pop. 7,788.
Timau, t, Hungary, 20 m. E. N. E. Presburg,
50 E. Vienna. Lon. 17" 44' E. Lat. 48" 24' N.
Tirna, r. of Hungary, which runs into the Dan-
ube, a few miles below Presburg.
Tirna, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Chili. Lat. 38" 30' N.
Tirsah, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Ephraim.
It was the residence of the kings of Israel, during
the period between the reign of Jeroboam and
that of Omri.
Tisbury, t. Dukes co. Mass. on the N. side of
Martha's- Vineyard island, 3 m. from Chilmark.
Pop. 1,202.
Tishbek, in Sac- Geog. t Palestine, in the tribe
of NaphtaJi.
Ti$mana, r. Walachia, which runs into the Syl,
15 m. S. Tergosyl.
Tit, t. Morocco, near the Atlantic ocean, 8 m.
S. W, Mazagan, 140 N. W. Morocco.
Titalya, t. Thibet, in the northern part of Rung-
bore, on the borders towards Nepaul. It is a
British military station.
Titchvin. t. Rii'isia, in Novgorodj on the river
93
Sias, 84 m. N. N. E. Novgorod. Lon. 33" 1^ E.
Lat. 59° 52' N.
Titicaca. See Chucuito.
Titisighe, s-p. Guriel, with a good harbour, on
the Black sea. It is also called Pghino, 10 m. S.
Puti.
Titisness, small isl. near the coast of Lapland, at
the entrance of a bay called Titsfiord. Lon. 67"
36' N.
Titlis, mountain of Switz. in Uri, one of the
highest in Switzerland, 1 1 m. S. S. W. Altorff.
Tilschein, New, or Kowi Giesi, t. Moravia, 25
m. VV. S. W. Teschen. Lon. 18" 10' E. Lat. 49°
32' N.
TiJlmaning, or DiUmaning, t. Bavaria, on the
Salza, 20 m. N. N. \V. Salzburg, 80 N. N. W.
Lanffen. Lon. 12" 44' E. Lat. 48° 1' N. Pop.
2,181.
Titul, t. Hungary, on the Thcysse, 24 m. N. W.
Belgrade.
Tiverton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Ex,
where it is joined by the Lowman. Here is a cel-
ebrated free-school. 14 m. N. Exeter, 161 W.
London. Lon. 3" 40' VV. Lat. 50° 53' N. Pop.
6,732.
Tiverton, p-t. Newjwrt co. R. I. 13 m. N. E.
Newport, 24 S. E. Providence. Pop. 2,837.
Tiuhohn, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat,
4 m. N. N. E. Fladstrand.
Tiriof, r. Scotland, which runs into the Tweed,
at Kelsoe. The valley which it waters is called
Tiviotdale.
Tiuki Karagan, cape on the E. side of the Cas-
pian sea, 156 m. S. E. Astracean. Lon. 50" 14'
E. Lat. 44" 20' N.
Tinmen, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the union of
the Pischma and the Tura. It contains 8 church-
es, a convent of nuns, and 500 dwelling houses.
112 m. W. S. W. Tobolsk, 320 E. N. E. Upha.
Lon. 65" 14' E. Lat. 57" N.
Tivoli, (an. Tibur,) t. Popedom, in the Campag-
na di Roma, on a rocky mountain, near the river
Teverone, which falling headlong about 50 feet
down the rock, forms a noble cascade. It is the
seeof a bishou. 15 m. E. N. E. Rome. Lon. 12"
46' E. Lat. 41" 58' N. Pop. 10,000.
Tiuranen, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 24" 46' E. I-at. 65" 38' N.
Tiuters, isl. of Russia, in the gulf of Finland, 80
m. E. N. E. Revel. Lon. 27" 14' E. Lat. 59" 40' N.
Tivy, r. Wales, which runs into the sea, 5 m^
below Cardigan.
Tiz. See Tiiz.
Tlascala, t. Mexico, and anciently the capital
of a province to which it gave name, situated on a
river, which runs into the Pacific ocean. When
the Spaniards first arrived, it is said to have con-
tained 300,000 inhabitants. 20 m. N. Puebla de
los Angelos, 70 E. Mexico. Lon. 98" 30' W. Lat.
19"45'N. Pop. 4,000.
Tlemsan, or Ttlemsam. See Tremecen.
Tletsch, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch, 72
m. E. S. E. Tobolsk.
Tob, in Sac. Geog. a country on the E. side of
the Jordan.
Tobn, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
W. coastof Aroo. Lon. 135" 9' E. Lat. 5" 8' S.
Tobacco Kei), small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 88° 35' VV. Lat.
16" 45' N.
Tobago, one of the C'Aribbee Islands, in the W.
Indies, about 30 miles long and 9 broad. It lie?
738
TOD
T O L
out of the tract of those hurricanes that prove so
fatal to the other West-India islands. The soil is
in general rich and black, and yields in abun-
dance all the usual West-India productions. The
island belongs to the Britisli, and contained in
1805, 16,500 inhabitants, of whom 900 were
whites, and the rest blacks, principally slaves.
The Wesleyan Methodists have two missionaries
in this island. Lon. 60" 30' W. Lat. 11° 16' N.
Tobak, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on Lake
Jalpug, 34 m. N. N. W. Ismael.
Tobol, r. Russia, which joins the Irtisch at To-
bolsk.
Tobolsk, city, Russia, and cap. of a government,
at the conflux of the Irtisch and Tobol. It is the
see of an archbishop, and was heretofore the capi-
tal of all Siberia. About one-fourth of the inhab-
itants are Tartars ; the rest are Russians, whose
ancesters were banished hither for their crimes,
or such as are exiles themselves. The commerce
of the city is flourishing, all the Chinese caravans
being obliged to pass through the town ; and all
the furs furnished by Siberia being forwarded
from this city to Moscow. 1,000 m. E. Moscow,
1,172 E. Petersburg. Lon. 68" 14' E. Lat. 57° N.
Pop. 15,000.
Tobolskoi, government Russia, extending from
lon. 59° to 108° E. lat. 55° to 78" N. Tobolsk is
the capital.
Toby, t Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 611.
Toby^s Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E. side
of Alleghany river, 20 m. below Franklin. It is
navigable for batteaux, and there is a short port-
age to the W. branch of the Susquehannah.
Tocaigh, bay on the W. coast of the island of
Owhyhee. Lon. 204° 4' E. Lat. 20° 3' N.
Tocantin's River, r. Brazil, which falls into the
Atlantic near the mouth of the Amazon, after a
northerly course of 1,500 miles.
Tocat, or Tokaf, city, A. Turkey, on the river
Tosanlu, almost surrounded with mountains,
which afford quarries of marble. It is the resi-
dence of a cadi, a waiwode, and an aga, com-
manding a thousand janizaries. The inhabitants
consist of 20,000 Turkish families, 4,000 Arme-
nians, and about 400 families of Greeks. Here
are manufactures of silk and yellow Turkey
leather, but the chief trade is in copper vessels,
kettles, and candlesticks, which are sent to Con-
stantinople, Egypt, &c. Tocat may be consider-
ed as the centre of trade of Asia Minor. The car-
avans from Diarbek arrive in 18 days, from Bur-
sa in 20, from Smyrna in 27. 40 m. N. W. Sivas,
260 E. Constantinople. Lon. 36" E. Lat. 39"
35' N.
Tocayma, t. New-Grenada, on the Bogota, 170
m. N. E. Popayan, 30 W. Santa Fe de Bogota.
Lon. 73° 19' W. Lat. 4° 10' N.
Tockoa Falls, in a small creek of the same name,
which runs into the Tugaloo in Franklin co. Geo.
The water which is collected in a fine basin above
the falls, flows through a fissure 20 feet wide in
the rock, and falls perpendicularly 187 feet, ex-
panding and taking the shape of fine rain, before
it reaches the bottom.
Tockholes, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. IV. E.
Chorley.
Tocrur, t. Africa, in Nigritia, on the N. side of
the Niger, 270 m. E. N. E. Tombuctou. Lon. 6°
5'E. Lat. 16° 32' N.
Tod Head, cape on the E. coast of Scotland, in
Kincardine, 5 m. S Stonehaven. Lon. 2° 11' W.
Lat. 66" 51' N.
Todd, CO. Kentucky.
Todd^s Fork, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side
of Little Miami river, 5 m. above Deerfield.
Todenhausen, v. Germany, near the left bank
of the Weser, 3 m. N. Minden.
Todi, t. Popedom, near the Tiber, the see of a
bishop, 18 m. W. Spoleto, 53 N. Rome. Lon. 12'
18' E. Lat. 42° 47' N.
Todos Santos. See ^11 Saints.
Toe Head, cape, Scotland, on the S. W. coast
of the island of Lewis, 42 m. S. W. Stornaway.
Lon. 7° 5' W. Lat. 57" SO* N.
Toe Head, cape of the S. coast of Ireland, in
the county of Cork. Lon. 9" 9' W. Lat. 51° 27' N.
Tofta, small isl. in the Baltic, E. of the island of
Aland. Lon. 20" 7 ' E. Lat. 60° 13' N.
Toggenburg, county, Switzerland, dependent on
the abbey of St. Gal, bounded N. by the territory
of St. Gal, E. by Appenzell, S. by the county of
Sargans and the territory of Gaster, and W. by
Zurich.
Toissey, t. France, 24 m. N. Lyons.
Tokay, t. Hungary, at the conflux of the Theyse
and Bodrog, celebrated for its wine. 98 m. N. W,
Colosvar, 145 E. Presburg. Lon. 20° 57' E. Lat
48° 10' N. Pop. 2,800.
Token Besseys, small islands in the E. Indian sea,
Lon. 123° 36' E. Lat. 6° S.
Toki-tao, small isl. near the coast of China.
Lot). 120" 39' E. Lat. 38° 7' N.
Tol Peden Penwitk, cape, Eng. on the S. coast
of Cornwall, 3 m. S. E. Land's End. Lon. 5" 36'
W. Lat. 50° 4' N.
Tolago Bay, bay on the N. E. coast of the north-
ern island of New Zealand, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 181° 15' W. Lat. 38° 22' S.
Toledo, city, Spain, in New Castile, on the Ta-
gus, the see of an archbishop, and an university.
Toledo was formerly famous for the exquisite tem-
per of the sword-blades made there. Two centu-
ries ago the city contained more than 200,000 in-
habitants, but now scarcely 30,000. 32 m. S. S.
W.Madrid. Lon.4°18'W. Lat. 39° 56' N.
Tolen, isl. Netherlands, in the east branch of
the Scheld. It contains two towns, Tolen and St.
Martyn's Dyck, and several villages. Tolen,
the capital, is fortified with seven bastions, and a
fort, so that it is now one of the strongest frontier
towns of Zealand. 4 m. N. W. Berg-op-Zoom.
Lon. 3° 58' E, Lat. 51" 36' N.
Tolentino, t. Popedom, on the Chiento, the see
of a bishop, 18 ni. W. Fermo, 28 S. S. W. Ancona
Lon. 13° 18' E. Lat. 43° 10' N.
Tolfa, t. Popedom, 25 m. N. W. Rome, 5 N. E.
Civita Vecchia.
Tolhuys, t. Netherlands, on the Rhine, 6 m. W.
S. W. Emmerick.
Tolkemit, t. Prussia, on the Frisch Haff, 12 m.
N. E. Elbing, 44 S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 19° 33'
E. Lat. 54° 18' N.
Tolland, t. Hampden co. Mass. on the W. side
of Connecticut river, 20 m. W. S. W. Springfield.
Pop. 798.
Tolland, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachusetts,
E. by Windham co. S. by Middlesex co. and W.
by Hartford co. Pop. 13,779.
Tolland, p-t and cai>. Tolland co. Ct. 17 m. N
E. Hartford. Pop. 1,610. It contains a court-
house, jail, and Congregational church.
Tolmezo, t Italy, with a castle, on the Taja-
mento. 12 m. N. W. Gemona, 15 N. W. Friuli.
Lon. 12° 52" E. Lat. 46" 23' N.
TOM
Tolmino, t. Austrian states, 12 m. N. Goritz.
Lon. 13" 47' E. Lat. 46° 12' N.
Tohia, t. Hungary, on the Danube, 50 m. S.
Buda, 120S.E. Presburg.
Tolo Bay, large bay on the E. coast of the isl-
and of Celebes. Lon 121" 18' to 123° E. Lat. 1° 30'
to 3" 5' S.
Tolometo, seaport, Africa, in Tripoli, anciently
called Ptolemias. Lon. 20'^ 40' E. Lat. 32"^ 30' N.
Tolon, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 23"
E. Lat. 37" 35' N.
Tolones, one of the smaller Philippine islands.
Lon. 124" 57' E. Lat. 12" 50' N.
Tolosa, or Tolosetta, t. Spain, and cap. of Gui-
pusco, celebrated for its sword blades. 7 m. S. St.
Sebastian, 60 E. S. E. Bilboa. Lon. 2" 7' W. Lat.
rJ°12'N.
Tolour, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 14 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 126° 28' E. Lat. 4° 12' N.
Toipas, r. Russia, which runs into the Schugor,
in lon. 58° 22' E. Lat. 63" 40' N.
Tolu, seaport, Nt w Grenada, 50 m. S. E. Car-
thagena. Lon. 75" 2r/ W. Lat. 9° 45' N.
ToiTi, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, 32 m.
W. N. W. Tomsk. Lon. 84° 14' E. Lat. 56°
40' N.
Tamar, circar of Bengal, bounded N. by Sillee,
E. by Pachete, S. E. by Singboom, and W. by
?ifagpour. Totnar, the capital, is 145 m. W. Cal-
cutta. Lon. 85° 53' E. Lat. 23° 10' N.,
To'rhar. See Thomar.
Tombali; Point, cape on the W. coast of Africa.
Lon. 4" 56' W. Lat 10" 48' N.
Tombigbee, or Tonibeckbee, r. Alabama, which
rises in the northern part of the State, and flowing
south, joins the Alabama about 70 miles from the
gulf of Mexico, to form the Mobile. It is naviga-
ble for large vessels to FortStoddert, 44 miles, and
at some seasons to St. Stephens. It is about 450
miles long, and navigable for boats to the junction
of the Black Warrior.
Tombstone., p-v. Bertie co. N. C.
Tombv.ctou, city, Africa, and capital of a rich
and populous kingdom, supposed to have been
built in the 13th century. The caravans of Tri-
poli, Fez, and other parts of Africa, trade to this
city. The houses are said to have been formerly
magnificent, but at present only built of wood,
and covered with straw or turf, except a magnifi-
cent mosque of stone, and the royal palace. The
population has been estimated at 60,000. The
country abounds in millet, wheat, and barley, and
is well watered by a number of wells and springs :
cattle are numerous, and milk and butter in great
plenty. The dearest article is salt, which is pur-
chased from Tegaza. Cloth and other European
manufactures and produce are sent to Tombuc-
tou by the Caravans, and exchanged for ivory,
slaves, sena, gold-dust, dates, ostrich feathers, &c.
brought from the interior of Africa. The king of
Tombuctou is despotic; his general guard con-
sists of 3,000 horsemen, well armed with bows
and poisoned arrows, besides a number of foot.
Tombuctou is said to contain a great number of
ingenious mechanics. It is situated near the Ni-
ger. Lon. 1" 30' E. Lat. 16° 30' N.
Tome, small isl. near the W. coast of France.
Lon. 3" 24' W. Lat. 48" 50' N.
Tomina, a government of Buenos Ayres. To-
mina, the chief town, is 60 m. E. N. E. La Plata.
Lon. 65" 46' W. Lat. 19° 10' S.
Tomoguy, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 2 miles in
circumference. Lon. 127" 4' E. Lat. 0° 15' S.
TON
739
Tompkins, co. N. Y. formed in 1817, from part
of Seneca and Cayuga counties. Chief town,
Tompkins, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 27 m. S. W.
Delhi, 100 from Albany. Pop. 896. It contains
the village of Deposit.
Tompkinsville, p-v. Barren co. Ken.
Tom's Creek, r. N. J. w^hich separates Dover
from Shrewsbury.
Tom Shot Point, cape on the coast of Africa.
Lon. 7" 40' E. Lat. 4" 40' N.
Tomsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tom. It
contains above 2,000 houses, and is defended by
14 pieces of cannon. The inhabitants carrj' on a
considerable trade; all caravans going to and
from China pass through this town. Here are all
kinds of tradesmen and artificers. 540 m. E. To-
bolsk, 161 N. N. E. Kolivan. Lon. 85" 14' E. Lat.
56° 30' N.
Toncat, or Tunkat, or Tangut, t. Turkestan,
near the river Sir. 250 m, N. E. Samarcand. Lon.
64° 15' E Lat. 43" 10' .N.
Tondem, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, with consid-
erable trade in corn, cattle, and fine lace. 22 m.
S. Rippen, 37 N. W. Sleswick. Lon. 8° 50' E. Lat.
54° 59' N. Pop. 2,584.
Tondray, one of the Shetland islands, 6 miles in
circumference, near the W. coast of Shetland.
Lon. 1" 30' W. Lat. 60" 9' N.
Tondy, t. Hind, in Marawar, on the sea coast,
35 m. S. S. E. Trumian, 65 S. Tanjore. Lon. 79°
2' E. Lat. 9° 42' N.
Tone, r. Eng. which runs into the Parret, be-
tween Langford and Bridgewater.
Tong, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. E. Brad-
ford.
Tong, a city of China, of tTve second rank, in
Pe-tche-li, on the Pay-ho, 10 m. E. Peking. Lon.
116" 20' E. Lat. 40" 56' N.
Tonga Islands, a name given to the Friendly
islands in the South Pacific Ocean, including the
island of Vavaoo. See Friendly Islands.
Tongatabnn Island, one of the Friendly Islands
in the S. Pacific ocean, about 60 miles in circuit.
The island is low, but has the appearance of great
fertility, producing plantains, bread-fruit, yams,
&c. in abundance. Lon. 185° 14' E. Lat. 21° 9' S.
Tonga, t. Eng. in Lancashire, near Manches-
ter.
Tongeren, or Tongres, t. Netherlands, in Liege.
This town is ancient, and was formerly governed
by dukes. 9 m. N. N. VV. Liege. Lon. 5" 28' E.
Lat. 50" 46' N. Pop. 2,973.
Tong-gin, a city, China, of the first rank, in
Koei-tcheou, 850 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 108"
37' E. Lat. 27" 39' N.
Tongoy, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocoan, in lat. 30° 10' S.
Tong-tchouen, city, China, of the first rank, in
Sc-tchHcn, 1,000 m. S. W. Peking. Lon. 103° 2' E.
Lat. 26° 20' N.
Tongue, t. Scotland, on the N. coast of Suther-
land, on a bay called the Kyle of Tongue. Lon, 4"
14' W. Lat. 58" 27' N.
To7igue Island, small isl. in the Mergui archipe-
lasro. Lat. 9"52'N.
Tonhof, lake of Norway, in Aggerhuus, 55 m
N. W, Christiania.
Tonikaky, isl. in the E. Indian ocean, near the
N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 99° 31' E. Lat. 5"
31' N.
Tomuins, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 13|
740
TOP
TOR
posts S. E. Bourdeaux, 20i N. N. W. Toulouse.
Lon. 0''24'E. Lat. 44"23'N.
Tonnerre, t. France, in Yonne, 18 m. E. N, E.
Auxerre, 27 S. S. W. Troyes. Lon. 4° 3' E. Lat.
47° 51' N. Pop. 4,040.
Tonnerre, mountain, Germany, 15 m. N. W.
Worms.
Tontuwania Creek, N. Y. rises in Genesee co.
and after a course of 90 miles, runs into the Niag-
ara, 10 m. below Black rock. It is a deep slug-
gish stream, boatable 30 miles. The Erie canal
strikes it 1 1 miles from its mouth, and the channel
of the river thence to its mouth, forms the canal
route.
Tonningen, seaport, Denmark, in Sleswick, on
a peninsula formed by the Eider. 57 m. N. N.
W. Hamburg, 24 W. S. W. Sleswick. Lon. 9" E.
Lat. 54° 23' N.
Tonnomaia, one of the smaller Friendly islands,
11 m. S.Annamooka.
Tonquin, country, Asia, bounded N. and E. by
China, S. by the bay of Tonquin, and Cochin Chi-
na, and W, by Laos, about 350 miles long, and 220
broad. The climate is mild and temperate, the
country is low and flat, and rice is the principal
production. Towards China, Tonquin is defend-
ed by an iinpenetrablc ridge of mountains, which
are covered with vast forests. The country is
very populous. The religion is the same M'ith
that of the Chinese, Christianity was planted
here in the year 1626, by the Jesuits, and above
80,000 were converted before 1639, but the perse-
cution of the government prevented their in-
crease.
Tonsberg, seaport, Norway, in Aggerhuus, on a
bay of the Baltic, 42 m. S. Christiauia. Lon. 10°
12' E. Lat. 59° 23' N.
Tonvore, cape, Scotland, on the N. W. of tlie
island of Hay. Lon. 6° 27' W. Lat. 55° 5 1 ' N.
Tonya's Islands, cluster of small islands in the
E. Indian sea, near the S. W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119° E. Lat. 5° 31' S.
Toobigan, small isl. in the Sooloo archipelago.
Lon. 120° 44' E. Lat 6° 14' N.
Toobonai Island, one of the smaller Society isl-
ands, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 210" 37' II.
Lat. 23° 25' S.
Toofoa, one of the Friendly islands, visible from
Annamooka.
Toolen, or TuUen, (i. e. the Isle of Seals,) small
isl. in the Caspian sea, near the W. coast. Lat. 44°
14' N.
Tooliapnvr, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 144 m. N.
W. Hydrabad. Lon. 76° 35' E. Lat. 18° 20' N.
Toom, r. Hind, which runs into the Tungeba-
dra, 15 m. S. E. Sanore.
Toone, r. Ireland, which runs into the Lee, 15
m. W. Cork.
To(Kima, one of the small Japanese islands, near
the N.W. coast of Niphon. Lon. 140° 40' E. Lat.
40° 40' N.
Top, lake of Russia, in Olonetz, 44 miles long,
and 8 broad. Lon. 30° 14' E. Lat. 61° N.
Topayas, r. Brazil, which runs into the river
Amazon, in lon. 57° 6' W. Lat. 2" 30' S.
Topel, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Egra,
near Carhbad.
Topers Haf, small isl. in a bay on the N. coast
of New Guinea. Lon. 135"33' E. Lat. 3° 5' S.
Topeiina, t. Mexico, at the mouth of a river
Bear the Pacific ccan. 50 m. N. W. Zacatula.
Lon. 103° 44' W. Lat. 18° 56' N.
Tophe!, in Sac. Geog. place in the valley of
Hinnom, near Jerusalem, famous as the seat of
worship of the idol Moloch.
Topi, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
N. coast of Elba. Lon. 11° 30' E. Lat. 42° 51' N.
Topino, r. Italy, which runs into the Tiber, 5
m. S. Perugia.
Toplitz, t. Bohemia, 40 m. N. W. Prague. Lon.
13° 51' E. Lat. 50° 37' N. Pop. 2,350.
Tojisjidd, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m. N. Salem.
Pop. 815.
Topsham, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the river
Ex, and the port town to the city of Exeter. 4 m.
S. Exeter, 170 W. S. W. London. Lon. 3° 24' W.
Lat. 50° 38' N. Pop. 2,871.
Topsham, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, opposite Brunswick, 27 m. W. Wiscasset.
Pop. 1,271. The courts of common pleas are held
here. Here are a great number of mills and man-
ufactories, erected at the falls of the river.
Topsail Inlet, channel between two small isl-
ands on the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 77° 48' W.
Lat. 34° 18' N.
Tor, a seaport of Arabia, on the coast of the
Red sea, formerly a place of consequence, but at
present in a ruinous state. The monks of Mount
Sinai have a convent here. Lon. 33° 37' E. Lat.
28° 10' N.
Tor Point, or Hope's J^ose, cape, Eng. on the
coast of Devonshire, forming the N. point of Tor-
bay.
Toral, El, seaport of Chili. Lat. 27° 55' S.
Torbay, bay in the English channel, on the E.
coast of Devonshire, a celebrated rendezvous for
the English navy, as a defence from westerly
Avinds. Lon. 3° 33' W. Lat. 50" 24' N.
Torbay, bay on the E. coast of Newfoundland,
Lon. 52" 20' W. Lat. 47° 48' N.
Torbay, t. on the S. coast of Nova Scotia. Lon.
6l°15'W. Lat. 45° 8' N.
Torbia, t. Italy, 7 m. E. Nice.
Torbole, t. Tyrolese, on the N. E. coast of lake
Garda, 17 m. N. Garda, 17 W. S. W. Trent.
Torcello, isl. in the gulf of Venice, with a town
of the same name, the see of a bishop, 3 m. N.
Venice. Fop. 9,000.
Torcola, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 16° 54'
E. Lat. 43° 27' N.
Tarda, or Torenbtirg, t. Transylvania, famous
for its salt works, 15 m. W. N. W. Clausenburg,
48 N. W. Hermanstadt. Lon. 23° 24' E. Lat. 46°
42- N.
Tordera, r. Spain, in Catalonia, which runs in-
to the sea, near Blanes.
Tordesillas, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Duero, 13
m. S. W. Valadolid.
Tordino, r. Naples, which crosses Abruzzo Ul-
tra, and runs into the Adriatic, in lon. 14° E. Lat.
42° 40' N.
Toree, t. Hind, and cap. of a circar of the same
name, in Bengal, 210 m. W. Calcutta, 120 S. Pat-
na. Lon. 84° 53' E. Lat. 22° 37' N.
Torello, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. N. Vique.
Torgau, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Elbe, 28 m. E. N. E. Leipsic, 30 N. W. Meissen.
Lon. 13" 3' E. Lat. 51° 32' N. Pop. 5,000.
Torgel, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 65° 30' N.
Toriesdalc Head, cape on the N. coast of Scot-
land. Lon. 4° 10' V^. Lat. 58° 30' N.
Torin Rocks, cluster of rocks near the S, W\
coastof the island of Mull. Lon. 6° ^8' W. Lat.
66° 16' N.
TOR
Torisa, r. En. Turkey, which runs into the Ma-
riza, at Adrianople.
Tormes, r. Spain, which enters the Duero, a few
leagues below Miranda de Duero,
TomarsvJc, isl, near the W. coast of West
Greenland. Lon. 47° 30' W. Lat. 61° 50' N.
Tomea, r. Sweden, which runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, at Tornea, 15 m. S. S. E. Ulea.
Tomea, or Torne, t. Sweden, on a small island
at the mouth of the river Tornea, near the gulf
of Bothnia. A considerable trade is carried on
here, between the Swedes and Laplanders, Rus-
sians and Norwegians. Lon. 24" 2' E. Lat. 05"
48' N.
Tornese, cape on the coast of the Morea, 8 m.
S. S. E. Chiarenza.
Torness, cape on the S. coast of the island of
Stronsa. Lon. 2" 29' W, Lat. 58° 56' N.
Toro, isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of Swe-
den. Lon. 17° 40' E. Lat. 58° 49' N.
Toro, II, small isl. near the S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 8° 34' E. Lat. 39° N.
Toro, t. Spain, in Leon, on the summit of a hill
above the Duero, over which is a bridge of 22
arches. It is the see of a bishop. 17 m. E. Za-
mora, 105 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5° 37' W. Lat. 41"
45' N. Pop. 6,600.
Torom, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, 24
m. E. Surget.
Toron, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, on a neck
of land between the gulf of Monte Santo and the
gulf of Cassandra, 60 m. S. E. Saloniki. Lon. 23°
54' E. Lat. 40° N.
Toronto, t. York co. Upper Canada, on lake On-
tario, W. of York.
Torpichen, t. Scotland, in Linlithgowshire, 2 m.
S. Linlithgow.
Torre del Acri, or Agri,t. Naples, in Basilicata,
on the coast of the gulf of Tarento, 25 m. S. S. E.
Matera.
Torre del Greco, t. Naples, in Lavora, 5 m. S. E.
Capua.
Torre de Moncorvo, t. Portugal, in Tras los
Montes, 42 m. S. S. W. Braganca, 27 N. E. Mi-
randela, Lon. 6° 44' W, Lat. 41° N.
Torre d'Oglio, t. Italy, 11 m. S. S, W.Mantua.
Torre Rosso, t. Naples, 10 m. N. Tarento.
Torre de las Salinas, t. Spain, in Valentia, near
the coast of the Mediterranean. Here are the
largest salt-works in Spain. 20 m. S. E. Origuela,
37 N. N. E. Garthagena.
Torre Felha, fort, Portugal, on the S. side of
the Tagus, 3 m. S. Lisbon.
Torredal, r. Norway, which runs into the sea,
near Christiansand.
Torrella de Mongri, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on
the N. side of the Ter, near its mouth, 18 m. E.
Gerona.
Torres, t. Spain, in Grenada, on the coast of the
Mediterranean, 9 m. E. Velez Malaga.
Torres Islands, cluster of islands, in the Indian
Sea, near the coast of Siam. Lon. 96° 50' to 97°
E. Lat. 11° 25' to 11° 48' N.
Torres Vedras, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 21
m. N. Lisbon.
Torrimore Head, cape, Scotland, on the E.
coast of the island of Skye. Lon. 6° 2' W. Lat.
57° 22' N.
Torrin-beg, rock, on the S. W. of the island of
Mull. Lon. 6° 20' W. Lat. 56° 19' N.
Torringford, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct
Torrington, (Great,) t. Eng. in Devonshire, on
the Towridge, 10 m. S. W. Barnstaple, 194 W. S.
T O S
741
W. London. Lon. 3° 58' W. Lat. 51° 5' N. Pop.
2,034.
Torrington, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 23 m. N. W.
Hartford, 7 N. E. Litchfield. Pop. 1,586. Here
is one of the largest woollen factories in the State,
employing 40 workmen.
Torrington Bay, or Bedford's Bay, bay on the
S. coast of Nova Scotia, 3 m. N. Halifax.
Torryburn, s-p. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the
Frith of Forth.
Torso, small isl. on the E. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22° 14' E. Lat. 63° 37' N.
Tortola, one of the Virgin Islands. The chief
productions are sugar and cotton. Lon. 64° 20' E.
Lat. 18° 20' N. Pop. in 1805, 10,500, of whom
9,000 were slaves.
Tortona, t. Piedmont, on the Scrinia, with a
good citadel, situated on an eminence. This place
has often been taken and retaken during the wars
in Italy. 9 m. E. Alexandria, US. Lumello.
Lon. 8° 52' I-:. Lat. 44° 53' N. Pop. 8,480.
Tortosa, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near the Ebro,
about 15 miles from its mouth ; the see of a bishop.
The most remarkable buildin^js are the cathedral
and the castle. 81 m. S. E. Saragossa, 77 S. W.
Barcelona. Lon. 0° 26' E. Lat. 40° 47' N. Pop,
10,700.
Tortosa, s-p. Syria, in the pachalic of Tripoli,
anciently called Antaradus and Orthonia. It is on
the sea, and about three quarters of a mile in cir-
cumference. At the N. W. corner there are re-
mains of a castle, and the present town is within
the walls of it, which are strong, and built of large,
hewn stone, and at least 50 feet high, 35 m. N.
Tripoli, 42 S. Ladikia. Lon. 35" 58' E. Lat. 34"
55' N.
Tortosa, r. Syria, which runs into the Mediter-
ranean, between Antioch and Tripoli.
Tortue, r, Illinois, which runs into the Wabash,
between fort Harrison and Tippecanoe,
Toriuga Salada, isl, in the Caribbean Sea, about
36 m, in circumference. It is principally valuable
for its salt-ponds. The turtles come into the sandy
bays to lay their eggs, and hence the island has
its name. Lon. 64° 30' W, Lat. 11° 7' N.
Tortuga, isl. about 6 m. from the N. coast of
Hispaniola, 40 m. in circumference. Lon. 72° 40*
W. Lat. 20° 5' N.
Tortugas Point, the S. point of the port of Co-
quimbo, on the coast of Chili. Lat. 29° 37' S.
Tortugas Shoals, in the Gulf of Mexico, near
the S. coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 50' W. Lat. 24°
36' N.
Tortugas, Dry, shoals in the Florida stream, at
the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82'' 25'
W. Lat. 24° 40' N.
Toriugilla, small isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon.
76°20'W. Lat. 8"45'N.
Torlura, or Tantur, t, Palestine, on the coast of
the Mediterranean, called in scripture Dor, Dora^
and J^ephath. Joshua took it from the Caaaan-
ites, and it fell to the tribe of Manas.sch, It is at
present a village only. 15 m. S. Acre. Lon. 34°
2' E. Lat. 32" 35' N.
Tory, isl. in the Atlantic Ocean, 7 m. N. from
Bloody {■'arland Point, on the N. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 7' W. Lat. 55° 16' N.
Tosa, s-p. Spain, in Catalonia, 23 m. S. S. E.
Gerona. Lon. 2° 48' E. Lat. 41° 43/ N. Pop. 2,400.
Tosanlu, r, Natolia, which waters the city of
Tocat, and afterwards joins the Jekil-ermak. It
was anciently called Lyctis,
Toscanella, t Popedom, the .«ee of a bishop, 9 m.
742
T O U
W. S. W. Viterbo, 22 N. Civita Vecchia. Lon.
ir52'E.Lat. 42"24'N.
Toscolano, t. Italy, on a small river which runs
into Lake Garda, 6 m. E. N. E. Salo. Pop. 2,300.
Tosino, r. Italy which runs into the Adriatic.
Lon. 13° 33' E. Lat. 42° 57' N.
Tosna, r. Russia, which, runs into the Neva,
near Pella, in the government of Petersburg.
Toss, r. Switz. which runs into the Rhine, 2 m.
S. E. Eglislau, in Zurich.
Tostar, or Suster, t. Persia, and cap. of Chusis-
tan, on the Sable, where the king;s of Persia had a
magnificent palace, and kept their archives. It is
in scripture called Shuskaii, and the river is nam-
ed Ulai. At present thei-e are some manufactures
of silks, stuffs, and rich cloth. 150 m. S. W. Ispa-
han. Lon. 48" 48' E. Lat. 32° N. Pop. 15,000.
Tola Island, or Island of Plantains, isl. of the
Atlantic, near the coast of Africa, at the mouth of
the Sherbro.
Tolma, t. Russia, in Vologda, 92 m. N. E. Vo-
logda. Lon 42" 34' E. Lat. 60° 10' N.
Totness, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Dart,
about 12 m. from the English Channel, It is an
ancient borough, sending two members to parlia-
ment. 23 m. S, Exeter, 196 W. S. W. London.
Lon. 3" 46' W. Lat. 50° 25' N. Pop. 2,225.
Totoral, small isl. in the Pacific Ocean, near the
coast of Chili. Lat, 29° 20' S.
Toltenkam, i, Eng. in Middlesex, 5 m, N. E.
London.
Tottington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, near Roch-
dale.
Toucques. s-p, France, in Calvados, 6 m. S. W.
Honfleur.
Touc]j, t. France, in Yonn*-, 12 m. W. S. W.
Auxerre, 10 N. E. St. Fargeau.
Toul, t, France, in Meurte, on the Moselle, and
regularly fortified, 12 m. W. Nancy, 9 S, Metz.
Lon. 5" 59' E. Lat. 48° 41' N. Pop. 6,949.
Toulomba, t. and fort. Hind- in Moultan, on the
Rauvee, 50 m. N. E, Moultan, Lon. 72° 25' E,
Lat. 30° 59' N.
Toulon, city and s-p, Frnnce, and cap. of the
Var, strongly fortified. The old and new harbor
lie contiguous, and, by means of a canal, commu-
nicate with one another, both having an outlet in-
to the spacious outer harbor, which is naturally
almost of a circular figure, very large, and sur-
rounded with hills. The entrance on both sides
is defended by a fort, with strong batteries. The
new harbor, which is a work of Louis XIV. is well
defended by batteries, and round it stands the ar-
senal, containing spacious working houses for
blacksmiths, joiners, carpenters, locksmiths, carv-
ers, &c. The rope-house is built wholly of free-
stone, and is 320 toises long. The general maga-
zine here contains an immense quantity of all
kinds of stores. 7J posts E. Marseilles, 105:J S. S.
E. Paris. Lon. 6" E. Lat. 43° 7' N. Pop. 29,760.
Toulon en Charollois, t. France, in Saone and
Loire, 16 m. N. W. Charolles. Lon. 4" 13' E.
Lat. 46° 41' N.
Toulouse, t. France, and rap. of Upper Garonne,
on the Garonne. In the 6th century, it was the
capital of the kingdom of the Goths. Before the
revolution, it was the capital of Languedoc and
see of an archbishop. Its trade is inconsiderable.
The University here was founded in 1228. Here
is also an academy of the sciences and liberal arts.
A little below the city, the celebrated canal of
Languedoc joins the Garonne, which here be-
comes navigable. 34 posts S. E. Bourdeaux, £'5i
TOW
S. Paris, Lon. 1° 32' E. Lat. 43° 35' N. Pop.
50,171.
Toum, t. Syria, 6 m. N, E. Damascus.
Touna, or Sheik Abdaltah, small isl. of Egypt,
in Lake Menzaleh, 3 m. W. Tennis.
Tounsc, r. Hind, which runs into the Ganges,
20 m. below Allahabad.
Tour de Cordovan, fort, on the coast of France,
in Gironde, at the mouth of the Garonne, whose
summit is 300 feet above the level of the sea, Lon.
1° 4' W. Lat. 44° 35' N.
Tbur du Pin, (La,) t. France, in Isere, on a
branch of the Rhone, 27 m. S. E. Lyons, 23 N, N.
W. Grenoble. Lon, 5° 32' E, Lat. 45° 34' N. Pop,
3,099.
Tour de Rosel, cape of the island of Jersey, 5 m.
N. N. E. St. Helier.
Tour de Roussillon, (La,) t. France, in Eastern
Pyrenees, on the Tet, 3 m. E. Perpignan.
Tour la Ville, t. France, in Channel, celebra-
ted for its manufacture of glass ; almost joining to
Cherburg. Pop. 3,406.
Touraine, before the revolution a province of
France, bounded E. by Orleannois, S. by Berry
and Poitou, W. by Anjov, and N. by Maine.
Tours was the capital.
Toumai/, city, Netherlands, in Flanders, on the
Scheldt, considered the most ancient town of Bel-
gic Gaul, being Ibunded 600 years before Christ,
and anciently the capital of the Nervij. It is the
see of a bishop. The city has often been taken
and laid waste in the different wars between the
French, English, and Flemings. 3 posts E. Lille,
31 N. Paris. Lon. 3° 25' E. Lat. 50° 35' N. Pop.
21,349.
Tournon, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 12 m,
E. Villeueuve d' Agen, 19 N. E. Agen. Pop. 7,817.
Tournon, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Rhone,
22 m. N. N. E. Privas, 9 N. Valence. Lon. 4° 54'
E. Lat. 45° 4' N. Pop. 3,300.
Tournus, t. France, in Saone and Loire, on the
Saone, .3 posts S. Chalons sur Saone, 2| N. Macon.
Lon. 5" E. Lat. 46° 34' N. Pop. 4,615.
Tours, city, France, and cap. of Iiidre and
Loire, on the Loire. Before the revolution it was
the capital of Touraine, and see of an archbishop.
Pop. 22,000. 47 posts N. E. Bourdeaux, 29^ S.
S. W. Paris. Lon. 0° 16' E. Lat. 47° 25' N.
Tourlerelles, small islands in the Indian Sea,
near the coast of Africa, Lat. 1 1° 50' N.
Tourrcs, t. France, in Var, 4 ra. S. E, St, Maxi-
min. Pop. 2,722.
Tou-yun, city, China, of the first rank, in Koei-
tcheou, 955 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 107° 2' E.
Lat. 26° 12' N.
Toua, r. Wales, in Caermarthen, which runs
into the Tave, at St. Clare.
Toicumensing, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 488.
Touan Head, cape, Eng. on the N. W. coast of
Cornwall. Lon. 4" 57' W. Lat. 50° 26' N.
Towar, small isl. near the N. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 124" 25' E. Lat. 1" 18' N.
Towcester, t. Eng. in Northampton, 9 m. S. S.
W. Northampton, 60 N. W. London. Lon. 1°
W. Lat. 52" 9' N. Pop. 2,245.
Towerhill, v. in South Kingston, R. 1. 10 m. W,
Newport,
Tower Island, small isl, in the E, Indian Sea.
Lon. 124° 44' E. Lat. 9° 2' S.
Townsend, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada. It
contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Methodists.
T R A
Tow7isend, t. Windham co. Vt. 32 m. S. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,113.
Townsend, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 44 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 1,246.
Towridgc, r. Eng. which joins the Taw near Ap-
pledore, in Devonshire.
Towton, V. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. E. Tad-
caster, 185 N. London.
Towi/, r. Wales, which runs into the bay of
Caermarthen, 6 m. below Caermarthen.
Tom/n, or Town, Merionydd, t. North- Wales,
in Merioneth co. close to the shore of the Irish Sea,
12 m. W. Machynlleth. Pop. 2,092.
Toxteth Park, t. Eng. in Lancashire. 3 m. S. E.
Liverpool.
Traarbach, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine,
on the Moselle, 34 m. S. W. Coblentz, 20 E. N. E.
Trebes. Lon. 7° 5' E. Lat. 50° N. Pop. 700.
Tracada, v. on the N. E. coast of New- Bruns-
wick, 12 m. N. E. Miramichi bay.
Tracaduche, or Carleton, settlement on the N.
side of Chaleur Bay, in Lower Canada.
Trachenberg, or Straburck, t. Silesia, 14 m. W.
S. W. Militsch, 23 N. W. Oels. Lon. 16° 50' E.
Lat 51° 28' N. Pop. 1,900.
Trachonitis, in Sac. Geog. a province in the
country E. of the Jordan, between Palestine and
Coelo-Syria, and bordering on the desert of
Arabia.
Tracy'' s landing, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md.
Trader's hill, or Fort Alert, on the N. bank of
St. Mary's river, Geo. 40 m. above St. Mary's.
Traeth Bichan, bay of the Irish Sea, on the W.
coast of Wales, 2 m. N. Harlech,
Traeth Mawer, bay of the Irish Sea, on the W.
coast of Wales, 4. ra. N. Harlech.
Trafalgar, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Andalu-
sia. Lon. 6° 8' W. Lat 36° W N. Off this cape,
on 21st Oct. 1805, was obtained the celebrated
victory of the British fleet commanded by Lord
Nelson, over the combined fleets of France and
Spain. Nelson lost his life in the action.
Trafalgar, t. York co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Ontario, S.W. of York.
Trafaria, fort, Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
S. side of the Tagus, 6 m. S, W. Lisbon.
Tragonisi, or Dragonisi, isl. in the Grecian Ar-
chipelago, 2 m. W. Myconi. Lon. 25° 30' E. Lat.
37° 27' N.
Trajanopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the
Mariza, the see of a Greek archbishop, 40 m. S.
Adrianople, 1 15 W. Constantinople. Pop. 15,000.
Trajetto, t. Naples, in Lavora, near the mouth
of the Garigliano, the see of a bishop, 6 m. S. W.
Sezza, 28 N. W. Capua.
Train, La, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into Lake Superior, affording a good route of com-
munication between this lake and Lake Michigan.
Traina, t. Sicily, in the valley of Demona, on a
river of the same name, 56 m. S. E. Cefalu. Pop,
6,316.
Traitor'' s Islands, a cluster of small islands, in a
bay of New Guinea. Lon. 137° E. Lat. 1° 12' S.
Traitor'' s Island, one of the Friendly islands in
the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 173° 48' W. Lat. 15°55'N,
Traitor'' i Island, or KeppeVa Island, isl. in the
Pacific Ocean. Lon. 172° 33' to 175° 13' W. Lat.
15° 53' S.
Tralee, t. Ireland, and cap. of Kerry co. 50 m. S.
W. Limerick, 45 N. W. Cork. Lon. 9° 35' W.
Lat. 52° 16' N.
T R A
743
TraZieJorg-, s-p. Sweden, 19 m. S.Lund. Lon.
12° 54' E. Lat. 55° 20' N.
Tra los Monies. See Tras los Monies.
Tramin, t. Tyrol, on a branch of the Adige, 8
m. S. S. W. Bolzano.
Tramutul, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 13 m. S. S.
E. Potenza. Pop. 4,018,
Trancoso, t. Portugal, in Tra los Montes, 9 m.
W. Pinhel.
Trangano, t, Asia, in Johore, near the sea, 1 10
m. N. Pahang. Lon, 103" 5' E. Lat. 5° 30' N.
Trani, city, Naples, and cap. of Bari ; the see
of an archbishop, 21 m. W. Bari, 104 E. N. E. Na-
ples. Lon. 16° 28' E. Lat. 41° 19' N. Pop. 13,787.
Tranquehar, s-p. Hind, in Tanjore, on the coast
of Coromandel, with a harbor, at the mouth of one
of the branches of the Cauvery, defended by a for-
tress, erected by the Danes, in 1621. This town
has been a station of the Danish Mission College
since the year 1705. There are at present two
missionaries here supported by the king of Den-
mark. The English Church Missionary Society
have also one missionary here, and schools con-
taining about 1,600 scholars. The territory be-
longing to the town is considerable, and is full of
populous villages. 56 m. S. Pondicherry, 145 S.
by W. Madras. Lon, 79° 54' E. Lat. 1 1° 1' N.
Tranquillo, cape at the S. end of the island of
Rhodes. Lon. 27° 28' E. Lat. 36° 2' N.
Transylvania, {Principality of,) country, Eu-
rope, bounded N. by Hungary, Poland, and Mol-
davia ; E. by Moldavia ; S. by Walachia and the
bannat of Temoswar, and W, by Hungary. The
form is nearly oval, about 400 m. in circumfer-
ence. It is surrounded on all sides by lofty moun-
tains, and is itself mountainous and woody. The
air is generally warm, but more wholesome than
that of Hungary ; the soil is fertile, abounding in
corn, wine, cattle, and rich pastures ; among the
minerals are gold, silver, copper, iron, quicksil-
ver, cinnabar, antimony, sulphur, vitriol, rock-
salt, salt-petre, ochre, &;c. The inhabitants are
composed of different nations : Hungarians, Sikli
or Scythian Huns, Saxons, Walachians, Armeni-
ans, Rascians, Bulgarians, and Greeks. The gov-
ernment is aristocratical, and, since the year 1722.
rendered hereditary to the princes and princesses
of the house of Austria. The inhabitants, with
respect to religion, are Catholics, Calvinists, and
Lutherans. Pop. 1,600,000.
Transylvania, t. Jefferson co. Ken. at the mouth
of Harrod'g creek, 8 m. above Louisville, 35 from
Bairdstown.
Transylvania University. See Lexington, Ken.
Trap, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa, 26 m, N. W.
Philadelpiiia.
Trap, v. Somerset co. Md. at the head of W^i-
comico creek, 7 m. W. Salisbury, 6 N. Princess
Ann,
Trap. See Poplar town.
Trappe, p-t. Talbot co. Md. 6 m. S. E. Oxford.
Trapani, (an. Drefanum,) s-p. Sicily, with a
good harbor, defended by a fort. Here is a good
pearl fishery on the coast, and in the neighbor-
hood a considerable salt-work. 43 m. W. S, W.
Palermo, 72 N. W. Girgenti, Lon, 12° 30' E. Lat
38° .5' N. Pop. 17,000.
Trapolissa, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 30 m.
N. Misitra, 30 S. S. W. Corinth. Lon. 22° 26' E
Lat. 37° 40' N.
Tras los Montes, or Tra los Montes, province,
Portugal, bounded N, and E. by Spain, S. byJBei-
744
T R E
T R E
ra, from which it is separated by the Duero, and
W. by the Entre Duero e Minho. Pop. 308,984.
Trasen^ r. (jermany, which runs into the Dan-
ube, 8 m. below Mauttern.
Trasmaur, t. Austria, on the Trasen, with a cit-
adel, 12 m. W. Tulln, 6 N. St. Polten.
Trasp, a citadel and lordship on the borders of
Tyrol, 27 m. N. Bormio.
TraUf or Troghir, t. Dalraatia, on a piece of
land which was formerly a peninsula, but now
separated from the continent by a canal. The
harbor is deep enough for the largest ships. 12
miles W. Spalatro. Lon. 16" 30' E, Lat. 43" 30' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Travancore, city, Hind, and cap. of a country of
the same name, 108 m. S. S. W. Madura, 254 S.
Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 14' E. Lat. 8° 22' N.
Travancore, country. Hind, extending along the
southern part of the coast of Malabar. It is in-
habited by various religious denominations, but is
rendered peculiarly interesting as the residence
of the Syrian Christians, who, though wholly un-
connected with the rest of the Christian world,
have stood for ages a bright monument of the
truth of Christianity, in the midst of the darkest
scenes of idolatry and wickedness. The Syrian
churches extend, from north to south, more than
150 miles, and from east to west, at least 30. —
They were visited by the late Dr. Buchanan, who
manifested a strong interest in their welfare, and
commenced a translation of the New Testament
into the Syrian language, which since his death
has been completed and published, and copies of
it have been distributed to each of the churches.
Several missionaries have been sent to this station
by the English Church Missionary Society, and a
College has been established near Cotym, more
particularly for the education of priests for the
Syrian churches. The college is under the direc-
tion of the missionaries, and has been very liber-
ally endowed, both with money and land, by the
Rannee or princess of the country, and promises
to be of great benefit to the people. The number
of students in 1820, was 25.
Travthburg, or Trauenburg, t. Germany, 12 m.
E. Wangen, 10 W. S. VV. Kempten.
Trare, r. Germany, which runs into the Baltic,
about 10 m. N. E. Lubeck. Lon. 10° 55' E. Lat.
54° N.
Traveller'' s repose, p-v. Greenbriar co. Va.
Traveller'' s rest, p-v. Greenville co. S. C.
Travemunden, seaport on the Baltic, at the
mouth of the Trave, belonging to the city of Lu-
beck, and defended by a small fortress, 8 m, N. E.
Lubeck. Lon. 10'^ 51' E. Lat. 54° N.
Travendal, t. Holstein, on the Trave, 2 m. S. W.
Segeborg.
Traverse Islands. See Grand Traverse.
Traun, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
about 3 m. below Steyregg.
Traun, r. Bavaria, which enters the Alza, 4 m.
N. Chiemsee.
Traunstein, t. Bavaria, on the Traun, with con-
siderable salt-works, 18 m. W. Salzburg. Lon.
12° 35' E. Lat. 47° 51' N. Pop. 2,500.
Trautenau, t. Bohemia, 21 m. N. Konigingratz.
Lon. 15° 48' E. Lat. 50° 27' N. Pop. 2,420.
Trayaguera, t. Spain, in Valencia, 80 m. N. E.
Valencia, 23 S. W. Tortosa.
Treadhaven, or Thirdhaven, r. Md. which runs
into the Choptank.
Treasurj/ Islands, cluster of islands among Solo-
mon's islands. Lon. 155° 34' to 156° E. Lat. C
38' to 7° 30' S.
Trebbin, t, Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 20
m. S. S. W. Berlin, 10 S. S. E. Potzdam. Lon. 13°
6' E. Lat. 52° 10' N.
Trebenits, t. Bohemia, 28 m. N. Prague.
Trebentschikov, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the
Ural, 64 m. N. Guriev.
Trebia, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 2 m. W
Piacenza.
Trehigno, t. Dalmatia, 10 m. N. E. Ragusa.
Trebisaccia, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the
coast, 10 m. N. E. Cassano.
Trebisond, or Tarabosan, city, A. Turkey, with
a harbor, on the Black sea, founded by a Greek
colony of Sinope, descended from the Milesians.
Its walls are almost square, high embattled, and
built of the ruins of the ancient edifices. The
town is large, and not well peopled. The castle
is on a flat rock, and its ditches are cut in the
rock. The suburbs are chiefly inhabited by
Greeks and Armenians. Trebisond has consider-
able trade. Caravans from the interior of Persia
and the borders of the Caspian sea, bring a va-
riety of articles, which are exported to Constan-
tinople and Odessa. The exports are figs, wine,
ebony, cotton, India goods, Persian silks and car-
pets, &c. 170 m. N. N. E. Sivas, 220 E. N. E.
Erivan. Lon. 39° 40' E. Lat. 41° 1' N.
Trebitsch, or Trebitz, t. Moravia, on the Iglawa,
20 m. S. E. Iglau, 27 W. Brunn. Lon. 15" 50' E.
Lat. 49° 14' N. Pop. 3,700.
Trebnitz, t. Silesia, 12 m. N. Breslaw, 13 W.
Oels. Lon. 17° 2' E. Lat. 51° 18' N. Pop. 2,500.
Trebsen, t. Saxony, on the Muldau, 26 m. W.
Meissen, 14 E. Leipsic. Lon. 12° 40' E. Lat. 51°
16' N.
Tree Island, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 17° 10' N.
Tree Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 105° 51' E. Lat,
3" 50' S.
Tree Island, small isl. near the W. coast of Su-
matra. Lou. 100" 15' E. Lat. 1°58'S.
Tree Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Ava. Lon. 94° 15' E. Lat. 18° 12' N.
Treffen, r.Carinthia, which runs into the Drave,
6 m. below Villach.
Treffort, t. France, in Ain, 7 m. N. E. Bourg en
Bresse, 12 N. W. Nantua. Lon. 6° 27' E. Lat.
46° 16' N. Pop. 2,293.
Treffurt, t. Germany, 10 m. W. S. W.Muhlhau-
sen, 32 W. Erfurt.
Treffurt, t. Germany, near the Werra, 36 m.
E. S. E. Cassel, 35 S. S. E. Gottingen. Lon. 10°
isr E. Lat. 51° 8' N.
Trefumel, t. France, 6 m. S. Dinan, 21 E. S. E.
Lamballe.
Tregnnnon, t. Wales, in Cardigan, oa the Tivy,
15 m. S. S. E. Aberystwith, 197 W. London. Lon.
3° 58' W. Lat. 52° 14' N.
Tregony, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the river Fale,
navigable for barges from Falmouth, 7m. E. Tru-
ro, 256 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4° 46' W. Lat.
50" 16' N.
Treguier, seaport, France, in North Coasts, on
a peninsula, near the English channel, 9 m. N. E,
Lannion. Lon. 3° 8' W. Lat. 48" 47' N. Pop.
2,545.
Treignac, t. France, in Correze, 16 m. N. TwUe.
Pop. 2,591.
Tremblade, t. France, in Lower Charente, 3 m.
S. Mavennes, 21 W. Saintes. Pop. 2,500.
T R E
T R E
745
Dremblay, fief, Kent co. Lower Canada, on the
3. side of the St. Lawrence, 7 m. E Montreal.
Tremtcen, or Tlemsan, city, Algiers, and capi-
tal of the western division, which is governed by
a bey or viceroy, situated on a rising ground, be-
low some rocky precipices, from which issue a
number of springs. Most of the wails of Tre-
mecen have been built, or rather moulded iu
frames. 50 ra. S. W. Oran, 220 S. W. Algiers.
Lon. 0° 28' W. Lat. 35° 1' N.
Tremiti, 3 small islands in the Adriatic, near
the coast of Naples : Capraria, St. Donino, and
Tremiti or St. Nicolo. Lou. 15" 34' E. Lat. 42"
10' N.
Tremitus, t. of the island of Cyprus, 12 m. W.
S. W, Nicosia.
Trernsbullel, t. duchy of Holstein, 20 m. E.
Hamburg, 20 W. S. W. Lubeck.
'Trenches'' island. See Hilton Head.
Trtncsin, t. and castle, Hungary, near the
Waag, on a rock, defended by a very strong castle,
20 m. N. N. W. Topoltzan.
Trent, city, Upper Austria, in Latin, Triden-
tum, and in German, Trient. It is on the Adige
or Etsch, in a very fruitful valley surrounded with
high hills. The houses are strongly built of mar-
ble dug out of the neighbouring mountains. Be-
sides the cathedral, there are 3 parish churches,
a college, and some convents. 55 m. N. Mantua,
65 N. W. Venice. Lon. ITS'E. Lat. 46" N.
Pop. 7,640.
7rcn/, ibrmerly a princely bishopric of Ger-
many, situated in the Tyrolese.
Trent, r. England, which rises in the N. W.
part of Staffordshire, and running N. E. joins the
Ouse, and the two streams form the Humber. Ca-
nals are made to open a communication between
this river and various parts of the kingdom. The
Trent is of itself navigable from Burton in Staf-
fordshire.
Trent, r. Canada, which runs from Rice lake
to lake Ontario.
Trent, r. N. Carolina, which flows into the
Neuse, at Newbern. It is navigable for sea ves-
(sels 12 miles above the town, and for boats 20.
Trentham, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. S. New-
castle-under-Line.
Trenton, i. Hancock co. Maine, on French-
aian's bay, 30 m. N. E. Castine.
Trenton, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 13 m. from Utica,
107 from Albany. Pop. 1,548. In West Canada
3reek, on the E. side of this town, there is a fall of
100 feet.
Trenton, city, Hunterdon co. New Jersey, and
capital of the state, is on the E. side of Delaware
.'iver, opposite the falls, 1 1 m. S. W. Princeton,
!27 S. W. New Brunswick, 30 N. E. Philadelphia,
1)0 S. W. New York. The river is navigable to
his place for sloops, and 100 miles above the falls,
:br boats of 8 or 9 tons. Trenton contains a hand-
iiome state-house, an academj', 2 banks ; and 2
(iotton factories erected in 1815, one of which is a
/ery extensive establishment, employing more
than 350 hands. There are 4 houses of public
ATorship, 1 each for Episcopalians, Methodists,
Presbyterians, and Friends, and between the city
and I^amberton, a Roman Catholic church and a
iSaptist meeting-house. At the foot of the falls,
there is an elegant bridge over the Delaware,
:!,100 feet long and 36 wide. Pop. 3,003, or, if
we include Bloomsbury and Jjamberton, which
■oin it on th^ "o-ith, «.0f10.
Trenton, p-t. and cap. Jones co. N. C. on the
Trent, 20 m. W. Newbern, 81 N. N. E. Wilming-
ton. Pop. 195. It contains a court-house and
jail.
Trenton, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Trepassefs Bay, or Trepassi Bay, bay on the S.
coast of Newfoundland, Lon. 53" W. Lat. 46"
50' N.
Treport, he, seaport, France, in Lower Seine,
on the English channel. Lon. 1" 26' E. Lat. 30"
4'N.
Treptow, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 50 m,
S. Stralsund, 50 W. N. W. Old Stettin. Lon. 13"
10' E. Lat. 53" 39' N. Pop. 2,000.
Treptow amRega, ovKew Treptow, t. Prussian
states, in Pomerania, on the Rega, 16 m. N. E.
Cammin, 11 S. W.Colberg. Lon. 15° 13' E. Lat.
54° 2' N. Pop. 4,100.
Tres Hermanos, 3 small islands in the bay of
Honduras. Lon. 88° 50' W. Lat. 19° 20' N.
Tresbes, t. France, in Aude, 3 m. E. Carcas-
sonne.
Treshanish Islands, 4 small islands among the
Western islands of Scotland, between Mull and
Coll. Lon. 6" 25' E. Lat. 56" 30' N.
Tresimd, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lat.
69°13'N.
Trevannion's Island, one of the Queen Char-
lotte's islands. Lon. 163" 43' E. Lat. 10" 43' S.
Treuenbrietzen, t. Prussian states, in Branden-
burg, 20 m. S. Brandenburg, .34 S. W. Berlin.
Lon. 12" 47' E. Lat. 52" 8' N. Pop. 4,100.
Trevenen^s Island, or Rooapoa, small isl. in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 220° 21' E. Lat. 9" 4' S.
Treves, or Triers, city, Prussian states, in Low-
er Rhine, late capital of an electoral principality,
and archbishopric of the circle of the Lower
Rhine, lying between two mountains on the Mo-
selle, over which it has a stone bridge. Long be-
fore the birth of Christ, Treves was a town of
note of the Treviri. Afterwards the ancient Ro-
man emperors had a residence here. The cathe-
dral church of St. Peter here stands on a hill, and
there are besides 3 collegiate and 5 parish church-
es, together with 3 colleges, and 13 monasteries
and nunneries, and a university. 68 m. S. S. W.
Cologn, 74 W. Mentz. Lon. 6" 48' E. Lat. 49° 48'
N. Pop. 9,860.
Trevi, t. Popedom, 32 m. E. Rome.
Trevico, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, the see
of a bishop, 14 m. N. Conza. Lon. 15° 14' E. Lat,
41° 6' N. Pop. 2,465.
Trevigio, or Treviso, city, Austrian Italy, capi-
tal of the Trevisan, situated at the conflux of the
Sile and the Piavesella; the see of a bishop. It
has silk and woollen manufactories, a cathedral,
16 parochial churches, 11 monasteries, 10 nunne-
ries, and 4 hospitals. Pop. 16,000. 15 m. N. N.
W. Venice, 70 N. E. Mantua. Lon. 12° 9' E. Lat.
45° 42' N.
Trevigno, t. Spain, in Alava, 12 m. S. W. Vit-
toria.
Trevisan, or Trevigiano, province, Italy, bound-
ed N. by the Bellunese, N. E. by Friuli, S. E. by
the gulf of Venice, S. W. by the Paduan, and W.
by the Vicentin. The whole country is exceeding-
ly fertile, and appears like a continued garden.
Trevose Head, cape, Eng. on the N. W. coast of
Cornwall. Lon. 5" 1' W. Lat. 50° 33' N.
Trevoux, t. France, in Ain, on the Saone, 10 m.
N. Lyons, 24 S. W. Bourg-en-Bresse. Lon. 4° 51'
E. Lat. 45" 57' N. Pop. ?X>56.
94
746
T R I
Trewardreth Bay, bay in the English channel,
on the S. coast of Cornwall, 3 m. W. Fowey.
Lon. 4° 42' W. Lat. 50" 18' N.
Treysa, t. Hesse-Cassel, 26 m. S. Cassel, 14 E.
N. E. xMarpurg. Lon. 9" 10' E. Lat. 50° 54' N.
Top. 2,400.
Triadelphia, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Trial Point, cape on the S. E. coast of the isl-
and of Jura. Lon. 5" 52' W. Lat. 55" 54' N.
Triangle Island, isl. South America, in the
mouth of the Oronoko.
Triangle Island, one of the smaller Bahama
islands. Lon. 69" 53' W. Lat. 20° 51' N.
Triangles, Southern, reef of rocks in the bay of
Honduras. Lon. 88° 40' W. Lat. 1 7" 45' N.
Tribau, or Trebowe, t. Moravia, 28 m. N. VV.
Olmutz, Lon. 16" 29' E. Lat. 49" 43' N. Pop.
4,020.
Triberg, t. Baden, 15 m. N. E. Friburg, 15 S.
Freudenstadt. Lon. 8" 17' E. Lat. 48° 9' N.
Tribisa, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe,
near Meissen.
Triioli, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, 4 m. W. S.
W. Trebisond.
Tribsees, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 22
m. S. W. Stralsund, 12 E. Rostock. Lon. 12° 47'
E. Lat. 54° 5' N. Pop. 1,500.
Tribstadt, or Tripstadt, t. Bavaria, in Lower
Rhine, 18 m. N. W. Landau, 16 E. N. E. Deux
Fonts.
Tricala, t. Eu. Turkey, 50 m. E. N. E. Saloniki,
220 W. Constantinople. .
Tricalore, t. Hind, in the Camatic, 38 m. W.
Pondicherry, 56 S. Arcot. Lon. 79" 21' E. Lat.
ir58'N.
Tricarico, t. Naples, in Basilicata, the see of a
bishop, 13 m. S. E. Acerenza, 21 S. W. Matera.
Lon. 16° 8' E. Lat. 40° 43' N.
THce, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 94° 5'
E. Lat. 7" 30' N.
TricMnopoly, t. Hind, in the Camatic, 268 m.
S. S. W. Madras. It is one of the stations of the
English Christian Knowledge Society.
Trichiri, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago,
5 m. E. Specia.
Trickandore, t. Hmd. in Tinevelly, 30 m. E. S.
E. Palamcotta.
Trickut, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 94°
10' E. Lat 8° 3' N.
Tricuto, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 10
m. E. Rossano.
Trielen, small isl. in the English channel, near
the coast of France. Lon. 4" 60' W. Lat. 48°
22' N.
Trienagh Bay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 15' W. Lat. 54° 53' N.
Triesing, r. Austria, which runs into the Dan-
ube, 3 m. N. "W. Fischamund.
Trieste, seaport, Austrian dominions, in the
kingdom of Illyria, on the Adriatic, at the N. E.
part of the gull of Trieste. The houses here
stand on the ascent of a mountain, extending
themselves quite to the sea, and on the top of the
mountain is a castle. The harbor has been con-
siderably improved and fortified. 74 m. S. S. W.
Vienna. Lon. 13° 55' E. Lat. 45" 53' N. Pop.
35,000.
Trigg, CO. Kentucky.
Trigno, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
12 m. N. W. Termoli.
Tnm, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the river Boyne,
20 m. S. W. Drogheda, 23 N. W. Dublin. Lon.
6°48'W. Lat. 63° 32' N.
T R I
Trincalty, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon.
94° 5' E. Lat. 8° 6' N.
Trincoli, t. Ceylon, near the east coast, 84 m. E.
S. E. Candy. Lon. 82° 6' E. Lat. 7" 10* N.
Trincomalee. See Trinkamaly.
Trindelen, rock in the Scaggei-oc, between the
coast of North Jutland and Norway, 7 m. N. N. E.
from the island of Lessee. Lon. 11° 1' E. Lat 67"
27' N.
Tring, t Eng. in Herts, 7 m. E. Aylesbury, 31
N. W. London. Lon. 0° 40' W. Lat 51" 5C N.
Tring, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 50
m. S. Quebec.
Trinidad, isl. near the coast of South America,
about 30 leagues long. The climate is said to be
unwholesome, the island being very often covered
with thick fogs. The northern part of ths island
is high land, and the soil is good for sugar-canes,
tobacco, &c. Pop. in 1805, 2,261 whites, 3,275
free blacks, and 19,709 slaves. By the peace of
Amiens the island was ceded to Great Britain.
The island of Tobago is separated from Trinidad
by a channel called Trinidad channel. Lon. 60*
6' to 61° 36' W. Lat 9« 48' to 10° 42' N.
Trinidad La, t. South America, in Moxes, 200
m. N. E. La Plata. Lon. 65° 50' W. Lat. 14° 40' S.
Trinidad, seaport, Cuba, in a bay on the S.
coast of the Havanna. ' Lon. 80° 18' W. Lat 51"
56' N.
Trinidad, La, or Sonsonate, seaport, Mexico,
in Guatimala, 80 m. E. S. E. GuatimEila. Lon.
91" 6' W. Lat 14° 3' N.
Trinidad, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, and one of
those called Martin Vas's islands. Lon. of the S.
point, 26° 37' W. Lat. 20° 31' S.
Trinidad Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 236" 6' E. Lat 41° 3' N.
Trinite, La, 2 islands in the Atlantic ocean.
Lon. 40° W. Lat. 19° 30' S.
Trinity, r. Texas, which flows into Galveston
bay, after a course of 300 miles.
Trinity Bay, large bay on the N. E. coast of
New Holland, between cape Grafton and cape
Tribulation.
Trinity Bay, large bay on the E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 53° 10' W. Lat. 48° N.
Trinity, or La Trinite, seaport, Martinico. It
is the residence of several merchants, and a place
of considerable trade. Lon. 61" 8' W. Lat. 14'
53' N.
Trinity Inlet, bay on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca, 30 m. S. Queen Charlotte's sound.
Trinity Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon,
206° 47' E. Lat. 56" 33' N.
Trinkamaly, seaport, Ceylon, on the E. coast,
with one of the best and safest harbors in the isl-
and, capable of containing a thousand vessels.
The country around is barren and unwholesome.
The Wesleyan Methodists have a missionary here.
70 m. N. E. Candy. Lon. 81° 24' E. Lat. 8° 33' N.
Trim, t. Sardinian states, 10 m. S. S. W. Vcr-
celli, 8 W. Casal. Lon. 8° 16' E. Lat 45° 17' N.
Pop. 5,405.
Trinomaly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 45 m. S. S.
W. Arcot, 52 W. N. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 79°
10' E. Lat 12" 13' N.
Trionda, small isl. in the gulf of Satalia, near
the coast of Natolia. Lon. 30° 26' E. Lat 36°
36' N.
Trionto, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Tarento, 10 m. E. Rossano.
Trionto, cape of Italy, on the coast of Calabria
T R I
T R O
747
Citra, in the gulf of Tarento, at the mouth of the
Trionto. Lon. 16" 54' E. Lat. 39" 46' N.
Tripall, or Trippall, r. Engr, in Northumber-
land, which runs into the South Tyne, 7 m. W.
Hexham.
Tripatore, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 m. N. E.
Madura. Lon. 79" 39' E. Lat. 10" 8' N.
Tnpafore, t. Hind, in Mysore, 40 m. W. N. W.
Pondicherry. Lon. 78" 45' E. Lat. 12" 21' N.
Tripetti/, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 68 m. N. W.
Madras. Lon, 79" 30' E. Lat. 13" 45' N.
Tripi, t. Sicily, 8 m. S. Pati, Lon. 15" 15' E.
Lat. 38" 10' N.
Triplelt, p-v. Fleming co. Ken.
Triplo Heath, a common of England, 8 m. S.
Cambridge.
Tripoli, country, Africa, bounded N. by the
Mediterranean ; E. by Barca, or considering Bar-
ca as a province of Tripoli, by Egypt ; S. by the
Atlas mountain; and W. by Tunis and Biledulge-
rid; about 600 miles from E. to W. and 200 from
N. to S. The inhabitants on the coast generally
live by commerce and piracy, and those in the in-
terior by plunder and robbery. See Barbary
States.
Tiipoli, city and seaport, Africa, and capital of
the country so called, on the coast of the Medi-
terranean. It was formerly divided into two parts,
the Old and New ; the former is now almost gone
to ruin ; the latier, which stands at a small dis-
tance from it, though of no great extent, is popu-
lous, and in a flourishing condition. It stands on
sandy ground, by the sea-side, surrounded with
high walls and stout ramparts, flanked with pyra-
midical towers, but not kept in good repair. It
was once a place of vast trade, but it now retains
few traces of its ancient splendor. The houses
are low and mean, the streets narrow, dirty, and
irregular : there are in it nevertheless some mon-
uments still standing, which evince its former
magnificence. The country around has a dry
sandy soil, and is adorned with a multiplicity of
handsome villas. 300 m. S. E. Tunis. Lon. 13°
26' E. Lat. 32" 55' N. Pop. 15,000.
Tripoli, or Tarabolus, t. Syria, and capital of a
pachalic, near the mouth of a small river, called
Kadisha, at the foot of Mount Lebanon. There
is no harbor, but a simple road, which extends
from the shore to shoals called the Rabbit and
Pigeon islands. The commerce consists almost
wholly in indiffierent coarse silks, which are matie
use of for laces, and is principally in the hands of
the French, who have a consul here, and three
commercial houses. They export silks and spon-
ges. 75 m. N. N. W, Damascus, 132 S. Alexan-
dretta. Lon. 35" 36' E. Lat. 34" 28' N. Pop.
15,000.
Tripolizza, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 18 m.
VV. Napoli di Romania. Pop. 12,000.
Tripontio, or Triponzo, t. Popedom, in Spoleto,
on theNera, 12 m. N. W. Norcia.
Triptis, t. Saxe- Weimar, 4 m. E. Neustadt, 41
3. S. W, Leipsic. Lon, 1 1" 50' E, Lat, 50" 25' N.
Trissanton Bay. See Southampton Water.
Tristan d'Acimha, the largest of three islands
lu the Atlantic ocean, about 15 miles in circum-
ference. Near the centre of the island a conical
mountain rises, not unlike in appearance to the
Peak of Teneriff'e. Lon. 15" 40' W. Lat 37° S.
Triste, isl. near the coast of America, on the S.
side of the bay of Campeachy, on the W. of Port
Royal island, 18 miles in circumference, Ijat. 18"
30' N.
Tritchinopoly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, sur-
rounded with two walls, flanked with towers, and
encompassed with a ditch ; 67 m, W. Tranque-
bar, 156 S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 78° 45' E.
Lat. 10" 48' N.
Trivadi, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 23 m. S. W.
Pondicherry. Lon. 79" 45' E. Lat. 1 1" 42' N.
Trivento, t. Naples, in the Molise, the see of a
bishop, 18 m. N. Molise.
Triumpho dt la Cruz, cape on the coast of Hon-
duras. Lon. 88" 25' W. Lat. 15" 56' N.
Trocadie, s.mall isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence,
near the N. coast of St. John's island.
Trochteljingen, t. HohenzoUern-Sigmaringen,
16 m. N. VV. Buchau, 29 S. Stuttgart. Lon. 9"
18' E. Lat. 48" 16' N.
Troctou, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
coast of Queda. Lon. 99° 33' E. Lat. 6" 30' N.
Trogen, t. Switzerland, and chief place of the
Protestant part of the canton of Appenzell, cele-
brated for its manufacture of cloth, 7 m. S. E. St.
GaU, 7 N. Appenzell. Lon. 9" 33' E. Lat. 47" 14'
N. Pop. 2,250.
Trogyllium, in Sac. Geog. city and promontory
of Ionia, near the island of Samos.
Troia, t. Naples, in Capitanata, on the river
Chilare, the see of a bishop. It contains six
churches, and six convents. 33 m. S. W. Man-
fredonia, 60 N. E. Naples. Lon. 15° 18' E. Lat.
41" 24' N.
Troja, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Italy. Lon. 1 1" 5' E. Lat. 42" 43' N.
Trois Maries, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-
Rhone, 15 m. S. Aries.
Trois Rivieres, t. Lower Canada, on the N.
bank of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the
river St. Maurice, which here divides and enters
the St. Lawrence by three cliannels. It was form-
erly the capital of the province, and the centre of
the fur trade. The town is thinly peopled, though
the inhabitants are wealthy. 84 m. S. \V. Quebec,
96 N. E. Montreal. Pop. 2,500.
Trois Rivieres, bay on the E. coast of the island
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Trois Rivieres, r. St. Domingo, which runs into
the sea on the N. coast of the island, near Port
Paix.
Troilz, or Troitskoe Monasir, that is " the con-
vent of the Holy Trinity," a convent of Russia,
strongly fortified, 40 m. from Moscow.
Troitsk, t. Russia, in Penza, 75 m. W. N. W.
Penza. Lon. 43° 34' E. Lat. 54" N.
Troitzkoe, t. Russia, in Upha, 200 m.E. Upha.
Lou. 61° 44' E. Lat. 54" N.
Troitskoi, t. Russia, in Tobdsk, on the Oby,
204 m. N. Tobolsk. Lon. 42° 50' E. Lat. 61°
24' N.
Troki. or Trocki, t. Russia, in Wilna, formerly
the residence of the great dukes of Lithuania, 16
m. W. Wilna, 150 E. Konigsberg. Lon. 24° 44'
E. Lat. 54° 33' N. Pop. 5,000.
Tromba, small isl. near the coast of Istria. Lon.
13"52'i:. Lat. 45" 3' N.
Tromnes, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lon. 15" 26' E. Lat. 68" 5' N.
Tromoe, isl. near the coast of Norway. Lon. 9"
10' E. Lat. 58" 27' N.
Tromperwick, Gulf of, bay of the Baltic, on
the N. E, coast of the island of Usedom. Lon.
13°40'E. Lat. 54° 40' N.
Tronivge, t. Sweden, in Halland, 8 m. E. Halm-
stad.
748
T R O
Tronto, r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic,
in Ion. 13° 59' E. Lat. 42" 52' N.
Tronsan, t. Piedmont, 7 m. N. W. Turin. Pop.
2,540.
TVoon Point, cape on the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 36' W. Lat. 55° 36' N.
TVopea, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on a rock
near the sea coast, 37 m. N. N. E. Regjio. Lon.
16° 13' E. Lat. 38° 40' N. Pop. 3,992.
Tropic Keys, small islands or rocks among the
Virgin islands, in the We?t Indies, between Great
Passage island and Porto Rico.
Troppau, or Oppau, city, Austrian Silesia, and
capital of a circle so called, is in a fruitful coun-
try, on the river Oppa, walled, and containing an
apcient palace of the princes, with 3 parochial
churches, a college, 3 convents of monks, and
a nunnery. 45 m. S. Oppeln, 80 S. S. E. Breslau.
Lon. 18° 30' E. Lat. 49° 50' N. Pop. 11,540.
Tropplowitz, t. Silesia, 70 m. N. N. W. Trop-
pau. Lon. 17° 31' E. Lat. 50° I'N.
Trosa, seaport, Sweden, in Sudermanland, on
the Baltic, 18 m. S. W. Stockholm.
Trosachu, mountains of Scotland, in Perthshire,
10 m. W. Callander.
Trotby, r. Eng. which runs into the Wye, near
Monmouth.
Trotza, r. Russia, which runs into the Kama, 16
m. N. Kosa, in Viatka.
Troup Head, cape, Scotland, on the N. coast of
Bamff, 10 m. W. Kinnard's Point. Lon. 2° 11' W.
Lat. 57° 39' N.
Troupsburg. t. Steuben co. N. Y. 20 m. S. W.
Bath. Pop. 292.
Trovpsville, v. in Sod us, N. Y. on Sodus bay, 30
ID. N. E. Canandaigua.
Troutbeck, r. Eng. in Westmoreland, which
runs into the Eden, 3 m. below Appleby.
Trout river, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into
the Mississippi, above the outlet of Sandy lake.
Trowbridge, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the river Were,
10 m. S. E. Bath, 98 W. London, Lon. 2° 13' W.
Lat. 51° 1 8' N.
Tro%oert''s Island, small isl. near the S. coast of
Java. Lon. 105° 46' E. Lat. 7° 2' S.
Troweryn, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee.
Troy, t Orleans co. Vt. 47 m. N. Montpelier.
Pop. 231.
Troy, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. S. Taunton,
48 S. Boston. Pop. 1,296,
Troy, city and cap. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the
E. bank of the Hudson, 6 m, above Albany. It is
a beautiful city, handsomely built, and regularly
laid out on a plain, and its appearance is very neat.
It contains a court-house, prison, market-house, 2
banks, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 each for
Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Baptists, Metho-
dists, and Friends. Troy is finely situated for a
commercial and manufacturing town, being at the
head of sloop navigation on a large river, and the
creeks which here fall into the Hudson, affording
numerous excellent situations for Tw-ater-works.
There are already erected 8 flour mills, an exten-
sive cotton and woollen factory, a paper-mill, a
manufactory of fire-arms, a shovel manufactory,
a rolling and slitting mill, besides several nail-
works, saw mills, and other manufacturing estab-
lishments. About ,30 sloops and 20 smaller ves-
sels are employed in the trade of the town. The
gfrowth of 'Troy has been very rapid. In 1794, it
was a mere hamlet ; in 1810, the population was
3,895; and in 181C, "stimated at 5,000. In com-
T R U
merce and wealth it is considered the third town
in the State.
Troy, t. Athens co. Ohio, at the confluence of
the Hockhocking with Ohio river, 25 m. below
Marietta. Pop. 578.
Troy, t. Geauga co. Ohio.
Troy, p-t. and cap, Miami co. Ohio, on Miami
river, 21 m, N. Dayton, 66 W. Columbus.
Troy, t. Richland CO. Ohio.
Troy, t. and cap. Perry co. Indiana, on the
Ohio, at the mouth of Anderson's creek, 55 m. W.
S. W. Corydon.
Troyes, city, France, and cap. of Aube, on the
Seine, before the revolution the capital of Cham-
pagne, and the see of a bishop. It contained 14
churches, 4 abbeys, 10 convents, a college, and a
hospital. The inhabitants carry on a considerable
trade in linen, flax, hemp, cotton, fustians, &c.
18 posts N. N. W. Dijon, 19 S. E. Paris. Lon. 4"
10' E, Lat. 48° 18' N. Pop. 24,061.
TrucksriUe, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Truhtchevsk, t. Russia, in Orel, on the Desna,
80 m. W. S. W. Orel. Lon. 33° 34' E. Lat. 52°
35' N.
Trullikon, v. Switz. in Zurich, 2 m. S. Dissen-
hofen,
Trullo, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23° E, Lat. 63° 54' N.
TYiimarisburg, p-v. Tompkins co. N. Y.
Tmmbull, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 17 m. W. New-
Haven. Pop. 1,241.
Trumbull, co. in the E. part of Ohio. Pop. in
1815, 10,000. Chief town, Warren.
Truns, t. Grisons, 7 m. W. Ilantz.
Truro, t. Eng, in Cornwall, at the conflux of
two small rivers, which form a harbour for vessels
of about 100 tons. The chief trade of the place is
shipping of tin and copper ore, dug in the neigh-
bouring mountains. It sends two members to par-
liament. 1 1 m. N. N. E. Falmouth, 257 W. S. W.
London. Lon. 4° 55' W. Lat. 50° 16' N. Pop. 2,480.
Truro, t. Halifax co. Nova Scotia, at the head of
the basin of Minas, 40 m. N. by W. Halifax.
Truro, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 57 m. S. E.
Boston, in a direct line, 112 by the road ; 10 S. E.
Provincetown. It extends entirely across the
peninsula of Cape Cod. The soil is in most places
sandy and barren, and the inhabitants derive their
principal subsistence from the sea, which here
abounds with fish. Grain and vegetables are
generally procured from Boston. Lat. 42° 4' N.
Lon. 70° 4' W. Pop. 1,209.
Truro, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 7 m. E. Columbus,
Pop. in 1819, 495.
Truxillo, t. Spain, in Estremadura, defended by
a citadel. 40 m. N. N. E. Merida, 102 S. W.
Madrid. Lon. 5° 22' W. Lat. 39° 15' N. Pop,
3,600,
Truxillo, city, Peru, and see of a bishop. It
was built in 1535, by Pizarro. Its site is pleasant,
notwithstanding the sandiness of the soil. It is
surrounded with a brick wall, and stands on a
small river, about half a league from the sea : two
leagues to the northward, is tlie port of Guancliaco,
the channel of its maritime commerce. Here is
an office of revenue, several convent?, a college,
and an hospital. The inliabitants consist of Span-
iards, Indians, and all the other casts. 480 m. S.
Quito, 900 N. N. W. Lima. Lon. 79" 20' W. Lat.
8° 6' S. Pop. 10,000.
Truxillo, s-p. Mexico, in Honduras, on a hill
near the sea. Lon. 86° 40' W. Lat. 15° 45' N.
TUB
Truxillo, or J^uestra Senora de la Pas, t. Vene-
auela, 120 m. S. Lake Maracaybo. Lon. 69° 35'
W.Lat.8''45'N.
Truxton, p-t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 14 m. N. E.
Homer, 142 W. Albany. Pop. 1,012.
Truxville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on the E. fork
•f Mohiccan creek.
Tryon mountains, N. C. lie N. W. of Salisbury,
bordering on Tennessee.
Trysunda, small isl. on the W. of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lou. 18" 35' E. Lat. 63° 9' N.
Tscherikov's Island, isl. in the North Pacific
ocean. Lon. 205° 4' E. Lat. 55° 49' N.
Tschemoyar, t. Russia, in Saratov, 200m. N.W.
Astrachan. Lon. 46° 4' E. Lat. 47° 54' N.
Tschersk, or Csersk, t. Poland, on the left bank
of the Vistula, 25 m. S. Warsaw, 120 N. Cracow.
Lon. 21° 30' E. Lat. 51° 50' N.
Tschopa, or Zschopou, t. Saxony, celebrated for
its blue manufacture. 7 m. S. E. Chemnitz,
15 S. W. Freyberg. Lon. 13° 2' E. Lat. 50"
.4'N.
Tsebid, or Tecebit, t. Africa, in Sugulmeasa.
Lon. TE. Lat. 31° 40' N.
Tsena, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chi-
nese sea, in lon. 101° 21' E. lat. 7° 33' N.
Tsia-iong, isl. in the Hoang-hai, or Yellow sea,
near the coast of Corea, about 35 miles in circum-
ference. Lon. 124° 54' E. Lat. 37° 44' N.
Tseng-ming, isl. near the coast of China, in the
Eastern sea, at the mouth of the Yang-tse river,
about 50 miles long and 10 broad, formerly a place
of banishment for criminals. Lon. 120° 54' E. Lat.
31°38'N.
Tsor, Sor,^'Sur, or Soor, t. on the E. coast of
Arabia, in Oman, 22 m. S. E. Kalhat. Lat. 22°
36' N.
Tua, r. Portugal, which runs into the Duero,
15 m. N. W. St. Joao de Pesqueira.
Tuabo, t. Africa, in Jaen, on the Senegal. Lon.
10°28'W. Lat.l4°56'N.
Ttmk, small isl. in the Red sea, 12 m. from the
coast of Arabia. Lon. 41' 58' E. Lat. 5° 58' N.
Tuam, city, Ireland, in Galway, the see of an
archbishop, 17 m. N. N. E. Galway.
Tuarik, a people of Africa, inhabiting a coun-
try bordering S. W. on Bornou, S. on Bornou,
Soudan, and Tombuctoo, E. on the country of the
Tibboo and Fezzan, N. onFezzan and the country
of the Arabs who live behind Tripoli, Tunis, and
Algiers, and W. on the great empire of Fez and
Morocco. They are divided into many nations
and tribes, who all speak the same language.
Txiba, r. Russia, which runs into the Enisei, 16
m. S. W. Abakansk, in Kolivan.
Tvbai, one of the small Society islands, 12 m.
from Bolabola. Lon. 151° 44' W. Lat. 16° 12' S.
Ti/iingen, t. Wurtemberg, in a valley on the
Neckar, between two hills. An university was
founded here in 1477, and restored in 1770. Here
is a seminary for the study of divinity, and a col-
lege for the nobility. 16 m. S. S. W. Stuttgart,
28 E. Freudenstatt. Lon. 9° 10' E. Lat. 48° 33' N.
Pop. 6,400.
Tubna, t. Algiers, (an. Thubana,) 110 m. S. S.
W. Constantina, 120 S. S. E. Algiers. Lon. 5° E.
Lat. 35° 8' N.
Tub-urbo, t. Tunis, on the Mejerdah, supposed
to be the ancient Tuburbum, 16 m. VV. N. W.
Tunis.
Tubug, harbour on the W. coast of Mindanao,
10 m, N. Pollock harbour.
T U L
749
Tuckahoe,v. Md. which runs into Choptank river,
Tucker's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 122° 5' E. Lat. 7° 22' N.
Tucker's Island, small isl. near the coast of S.
Carolina. Lon. 80" 16' W. Lat. 32° 36' N.
Tuckersrilk, p-t. Wayne co. Geo.
Tuckerton, p-t. and port of entry, Burlington co.
N. J. on Little Egg harbour.
Tuckv^h, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Algiers, 12 m. E. Cape of Iron.
Tucopia, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167° E.
Lat. 12" S.
Tucuman, province of the old viceroyalty of
Buenos Ayres, lying between the province of Salta
on the north, and Santiago and Catamarca on the
S. It contains 50,000 square miles, and 45,000 in-
habitants. The name is frequently applied to a
much more extensive country. St. Miguel de
Tucuman is the chief town.
Tucuyo, V. Venezuela, which runs into the sea,
in lon. 69° 22' W. Lat. 10" 38' N.
Tuddington, t. Eng. in Bedford, 16 m. S. Bed-
ford, 37 N. London.
Tijdela, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, 4 m.
S. Pamplona, 45 N. W. Sara-jossa. Lou. 1° 40' W.
Lat. 42° 11' N. Pop. 7,295.
Trer, t. Russia, and cap. of a government at the
conflux of the Tvertza and Volga. It is the see of
an archbishop. It was burnt in the year 1763, but
has since been rebuilt on a regular and beautiful
plain. The governor's house, the bishop's pal-
ace, the courts of justice, the new exchange, the
prison, and several other public edifices were built
at the expense of the empress. There is an eccle-
siastical seminary at Tver, which is under the in-
spection of the bishop, and admits 600 students,
Tver is a place of considerable commerce, which
it owes principally to its advantageous situation.
72 m. N. N. W. Moscow, 580 N. E. Warsaw, 272
S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 36° 14" E. Lat. 56° 50' N.
Pop. 17,395.
Tverskoe, government, Russia, bounded N. by
Novgorodskoe, E. by Jaroslavl and Vladimir, S. by
Moskovskaia and Smolenskoe, and W. by Pskov-
skoe; about 180 miles long, and 100 broad. Lon.
33° to 38° E. Lat. 55" 36' to 58° 30' N. Pop.
773,300.
Tvertza^ r. Russia, which runs into the Volga,
at Tver.
Tuffoa, t. Africa, on the Slave coast, 40 m. W.
Assom.
Tuftonboraugk, t. Strafford co. N. H. on lake
Winnipiseogee, 50 N. W. Concord. Pop. 709.
Tugeloo, r. Georgia, which, flowing S. E. sep-
arating S. Carolina from Georgia, joins the Kio-
wce, to form Savannah river.
Tuggsville, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama.
Tuggurt, t. Africa, in Nigritia, 360 m. N. E.
Tombuctou. Lon. 6° E. Lat. 20" 30' N.
Tuggurt, or Tocorl, t. Algiers, 240 m. S. S. E.
Algiers. Lon. 5° .50' E. Lat. 32° 40' N.
Tui, r. S. America, which runs into the Carib-
bean sea. Lon. 67° 20' W. Lat. 10° 36' N.
Tuis, t. Italy, in Friuli, 10 m. W. Udina.
Tuklakinl; isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Ea.«t G leenland. Lon. 46° 20' W. Lat. 6 1° N.
Tula, a city of Russia, and cap. of a govern-
ment, on the Upha. It is the Birmingham of Rus-
sia. The imperial fabric of fire arms employed in
1800, 6,000 woricmen. Pop. at the same period,
estimated at 30,000. Near it are some iron mines.
112 m. S. Moscow, 452 S. S. E. Petersburg. Lon.
37° 39' E. Lat. 53° 45' N.
760
TUN
Tukza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on tlie S.
side of the Danube, opposite Ismail.
Tullagan Bay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland,
a little S. E. of Black Sod Bay.
Tullamore, t. Ireland, in King's county, 44 m.
W. Dublin.
Tulle, city, France, and cap, of Correze, 58
posts S, Paris. Lon. 1" 51' E. Lat. 43° 16' N. Pop.
9,362.
Tullins, t. France, in Isere, 4 m. N. W. Greno-
ble.
Tulln, t. Lower Austria, on a river of the same
name, 13 m. W. N. W. Vienna, 44 E. S. E. Zwetl.
Lon. 16" 3' E. Lat. 48" 18' N. Fop. 1,324.
Tulloargaum, t. Hind, in Visiapour, 12 m. N.
W. Poonah.
Tullow, t. Ireland, in Carlow, 8 m. E. S. E. Car-
low, 38 S. S. W. Dublin.
Thilly, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 14 ra. S. Onon-
daga, 30 S. of W. Utica. Pop. 1,092.
Tullyclea, r. Ireland, in Fermanagh, which runs
into the Lough Erne, 4 m. N. Enniskillen.
Tulomd, r. Russia, which runs into Ladoga
Lake, 32 m. iV. W. Olonctz.
Tulour, or Tanna Labu, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, about 90 miles in circumference. Lon. 124°
E. Lat. 4° 45' N.
Tulpehocken, r. Pa. which runs E. and falls into
the Schuylkill above Reading.
Tulpehocken, t. Berks co. Pa. on the N. side of
ihe above river.
Tuisk, t. Ireland, in Roscommon, 9 m. N. Ros-
common, 11 S. S. W. Carrick.
Tuhkoe, government of Russia, bounded N. by
Moskovskaia, E. by Riazanskoe and Tambovskoe,
S. by Orlovskoe, and W. by Kaluzskoe, 120 miles
Jong and from 40 to 100 broad. Tula is the cap-
ital. Lon. 36" to 38° £. Lat. 33" to 55" JV. Pop.
866,000.
Tumanskoi, isl. Russia, in the Frozen ocean,
■about 360 miles in circumference. Lon. 119" to
126° E. Lat. 7r 50' to 73" 15' N.
Tumb, or Tombo, or Peiombo, or Colombo, or
Slangen, or Great Tjmb, isl. in the Persian gulf, 3
miles long. Lon. 35" 38' E. Lat. 26" 24' N.
TambKamiu, or Lilllc Tumb, small isl. in the
Persian gulf, 10 m. S. W. Tumb.
Tumbado, small isl. ampng the Bahamas. Lon.
79° 30' W. Lat. 26" 24' N.
Tumbelan Islands, small islands in the E. Indian
sea. Lon. 107" 58' E. Lat. T'N.
Tumbcz, t. Peru, near a river of the same name,
which discharges itself into the bay of Guayaquil.
The town consists only of 70 houses, inhabited by
Mestizo?, Indians, Mulattoes, and a few Spaniards.
280 m. N. Truxillo. Lon. 80" 6' W. Lat. 3°
13' S.
Tumbling dnm, place on Delaware river, 22 m.
above Trenton.
Tuna,s-ip. Egypt, on the Red sea, 52 m. S. S. E.
Coseir.
Tunbridgc, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway.
About 4 or 5 miles S. of the town are some medi-
cinal springs, called T'unhridge Wells, useful in
consumptive complaints, and much resorted to.
14 m. S. Maidstone, 30 S. E. London. Lon. 0" 16'
E. Lat. 61" 12' N. Pop. 5,932.
Tunbridgc, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 30 m. N.Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,640.
Tuneka, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Uim, 84 m.
N. Balaganskoi.
Tungebadra, r. Hind, which runs into the Ki?t.-
oal), 7m, F. Rachore
PU R
Tungtnskoi, i. Russia, on the Irkut, 80jto. S. W.
Irkutsk, 800 E. S. E. Kolivan. Lon. 103° 14' £.
Lat. 51" 18' N.
Tunguska, r. Russia, which rises in lake Bai-
kal, and runs into the Enisei, 20 m. S. Eniseisk : in
the former part of its course it is called Angara.
Tunguska, (Podkamenskaia,) r. Russia, which
runs into the Enisei, 200 m. below Eniseisk.
Tunguska, {J^iznei,) r. Russia, which runs into
(he Enisei, 8 m. S. S. E. Turuchausk. Lon. 89" 14'
E. Lat. 65"41'N.
Tungvskoi, (Ust,) i. Russia, in Tobolsk, 24 m.
S. Eniseisk, at the conflux of the Enisei and Tun-
guska.
Tunia, or Tunja, t. New Grenada, 60 m- N.
Santa Fe de Bogota, 350 m. S. S. E. Carthagena.
Lon. 72° 56' W. Lat. 5° 5' N.
Tunis, city, Africa, and cap. of the country so
called, situated on a rising ground, on the W.
bank of a lake. It is surrounded by lakes and
marshes, which however do not render it un-
healthy. The Tunisians are the most civilized
nations of Barbary. The English, French, Dutch,
and several European States have consuls here,
who are treated with civility and respect. There
are few buildings of any magnificence, except the
great mosque, the bey's palace, and a few others.
Near the centre of the city is a piazza of vast ex-
tent, which is said formerly to have contained
3,000 shops for the sale of woollen and linen goods ;
in the manufacture of both which this city has
been long famous. Here are several colleges and
schools, with many learned men and doctors of the
Mahometan law. The chief defence is the cas-
tle. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 36" 44' N. Pop. about
100,000.
Tunis, country, Africa, bounded N. and E. by
the Mediterranean, S. by Tripoli, and W. by Al-
giers. About 200 miles from N. to S. and 120
from E. to W. Pop. variously estimated from
1,000,000 to 3,000,000. It is governed by a bey,
and with more mildness than the other Barbary
States. See Barbary States.
Tunkhannock, r. Pa. which runs into the E.
brancli of the Susquehannah, 35 m. above Wilkes-
barre.
Tunkhannock, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 884.
Tunudtiorbik, isl. near the coast of East
Greenland. Lon. 46° 50' VV. Lat. 60° 45' N.
Tans, {The,) rocks in St. George's channel,
near the coast of Ireland, 3 m. N. E. Saltee isl-
ands.
Tucaqua, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near
the coast of S. America. Lon. 68° 40' W. Lat. 10°
32' N.
7'ura, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 24°
15' E. Lat. 39° 34' N.
Turas, v. Moravia, 5 m. S. S. E. Brunn, 4 S. W.
Austerlitz.
Turbico, or Turbigo, t. Italy, in Olona, 18 m.
W. Milan.
Turckheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 3 m. W.
Colmar, 12 S. S. W. Schlettstatt.
Turcoin, t. France, in North, taken by the duke
of York on the 17th of May, 1794. On the 18th,
the French attacked this post, and a battle was
fought, in which the French were victorious. This
conflict may be said to have decided the fate of
the Netherlands. 6 m. N. N. E. Lille, 9 S. W.
Courtray. Pop. 11,380.
Turcomania, tliat part of Armenia which be-
longs to the Turks.
T U R
T U R
751
Turanne, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. S. Brive,
15 S. S. W. Tulle.
Turin, city, Italy, and capital of Piedmont, sit-
uated at the conflux of the Po and the Grand Do-
ria, abcut 7 miles from the Foot of the Cottian
Alps, in the road from France to Italy, by the
way of Mount Cenis. The approach to it is mag-
nifijent, and the environs beautiful. The four
gates are highly ornamental ; the streets in the
New Town are wide, straight and clean. The
fortifications of Turin are regular. The citadel
is a pentagon, consisting of five strong bastions,
and is reputed one of the strongest in Europe.
The university was founded in 1405, and has 24
professors, and a royal library, wherein are about
50,000 volumes. Here is also a royal museum,
and a military academy. The palace is in a simple
and noble ?tiie of architecture. The chief trade
of this city and country is in silk, which is sent to
England and Lyons. Lon.7"40'E. Lat.45°3'N.
Pop. 73,615.
Turin, p-t .Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 15
m. N. Rome, 145 N. VV. Albany. Pop. 856.
Titrinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, 144 m. W. To-
bolsk, 620 W. N. VV. Kolivan, 1,028 E. Peters-
burg. Lon. 63" 44' E. Lat. 58" N.
Turirana, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lon. 46"46' W. lat. 1° 30' S.
Turk Islands, or Turk's Islands, small islands
among the Bahamas. Lon. 71" W. Lat. 21" 20' N.
Turkestan, or Turan, country, Asia, bounded
N. by deserts, which separate it from Russia. E.
by a part of Tartary, belonging to the Calmuks, i?.
by Bukharia, and W. by Charasm.
Turkey, an extensive country, embracing large
provinces in Europe and Asia. Turkey in Eu-
rope lies between Hungary and Russia on the N.
and the Mediterranean on the S. and between the
Black sea on the E. and the gulf of Venice on the
W. Extent, about 200,000 square miles. It has
a mild and delicious climate, with a fertile soil,
yielding corn, wine and oil in abundance, but the
indolent Turks suffer extensive tracts to lie un-
ftultivated. The northern provinces are princi-
pally level ; but the southern, embracing all an-
cient Greece, are diversified with hills, vallies,
and lofty mountains. The population of Turkey
in Europe is estimated at 8,000,000, consisting
principally of Greeks and Turks. The Turks
have the dominion, but are inferior to the Greeks
in number. The Turks are Mahometans, the
Greeks are Christians, and are suffered to retain
their priests, bishops, archbishops and patriarchs.
The government is despotic, the emperor, who is
also styled Sultan and Grand Seignior, having ab-
solute power of life and death. The exports are
principally corn, wine, oil, figs, currants, wool,
(;amel's hair, &c. The merchants are principally
Jews, Armenians and Greeks.
Asiatic Turkey is bounded N. by the Black
sea and Russia ; E. by Persia ; S. by Arabia, and
W. by the Mediterranean. It embraces Syria,
Palestine, and many countries famous in ancient
history. The climate is delightful, and the soil
naturally fertile, producing rich fruits, corn, wine
and oil ; but the peoole are in a wretched condi-
tion, oppressed by the Turks, and without motives
for exertion. The number of inhabitants is esti-
mated at 10,000,000, composed of various nations
and religious denominations. Egypt has some-
times been considered as a Turkish province, but
it is now governed by an independent chief. The
BarVary States haye assisted the Sultan with
ships in time of war, but cannot be regarded as
subjects of the Ottoman sceptre. The Turkish
navy consists of about 30 ships of the line, with a
proportional number of smaller vessels, but on a
great emergency can be increased to 40 sail of
the line, with frigates and galliots carrying 50,000
men. The army cannot be estimated at more
than 150,000 effective men. The revenue is cortt-
putcd at 32,000,000 dollars.
Turkey, t. Essex co. N. J. 14 m. N. W. Eliza-
bethtown.
Turkey, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into
the Mississippi about 30 m. below the Ouisconsin.
Its mouth is 60 yards wide.
Turkey Foot, p-v. Somerset co. Pa.
Turkey Hill, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. Pop.
1,151.
Turkey Point, v. Upper Canada, on lake Erie,
a little E. of Long point, and 60 m, S. W. fort Erie.
Here are a court-house and jail.
Turkey Point, point of land, Md. at the head of
Chesapeake bay, 15 m. S. W. Elkton. Here the
British landed in August 1777, when they ad-
vanced to Philadelphia.
Turki, t. Hind, in Bahar, 31 m. W. N. W. Dur-
bunga. Lon. 85" 33' E. Lat. 26" 18' N.
Turkin, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Caspian
sea, 140 m. S. Astrachan. Lon. 47" 14' E. Lat. 44°
15' N.
Turlos, small isl. in the gulf of Engia, near the
N. E. point of the island of Engia.
Turn, t. Walachia, at the conflux of the Alaut
and the Danube, 24 m. S. Brancovani, 84 E. Or-
sova.
Turnau, t. Bohemia, 44 m, N. N. E. Prague.
Lon. 15" 11' E. Lat. 53° 32' N.
Turneff Island, island in the bay of Honduras,
about 20 miles long, and 10 broad. Lon. 88" 20»
W. Lat. 17" 16' N.
Turner, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros-
coggin, 18 m. E. Paris, 155 N. N. E. Boston. Pop.
1,129.
Turnersville, p-v. Kent co. Va.
Turness, cape on the E. coast of the island ot
Hoy. Lon. 3" 10' W. Lat. 58" 41' N.
Turnhout, t. Brabant, 25 m. S. S. W. Bois-le-
Duc, 18 S. S. E. Breda. Lat. 51° 25' N. Lon. 4"
55' E. Pop. 8,605.
Turoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt,
12 m. S. W. Assens, in the island of Funen.
Turon, seaport, Cochin China, in a bay to
which it gives name. Lon. 108" 6' E. Lat. IB*"
9' N.
Turreff, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on the
river Devron, 26 m. N. N. W. Aberdeen.
Turret Island, small isl. in the Mergui archipe-
lago. Lat. 10" 24' N.
Tursi, t. Naples, the see of a bishop, 110 m. E.
S. E. Naples. Lon. 16° 30' E. Lat. 40° 17' N.
Turtle Bay, bay on the W. coast of Africa. Lat.
14"56'S. ,
Turtle Bay, bay on the S. coast of New Ireland,
called also.S7, George^ s Bay; and Praslin Bay.
Turtle Creek, v. Pa. which runs into the E. bank
of the Monongaiiela, 12 m. above Pittsburg.
Turtle Creek, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 3,442.
Turtle Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 132° 51' E. Lat. 6" 35' S.
Turtle Point, cape on the S. coast of Java. Lon.
109" 58' E. Lat. 7" 42' S.
Turtle Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 177° 57' VV. Lat. 19" 50' S.
Turtle River, r. Georgia, which flows into St.
7S2,
T U Z
T Y L
Simons sound. The bar at its mouth has suffi-
cient depth of water for the largest vessels.
Turlon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. S. Black-
burn.
Turiucala, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Danube, 34 m S. W. Dristra.
Turuchan, r. Russia, which runs into the Eni-
aei, a little S. of Turuchansk.
Turuchansk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Eni-
sei, formerly called Mangasea. Most of the in-
habitants have always been Cossacs. 724 ra. N.
E. Tobolsk, 1,800 E. N. E. Petersburg. Lon. 88°
44' E. Lat. 65M0'N.
Tuscaloosa. See Black Warrior.
Tuscaloosa, co. Alabama, on Black Warrior
Hver.
Tuscany, Grand Duchij of, (an. Etruria,) coun-
try, Italy, bounded N. and E. by the States of the
Church ; S. and W. by the Mediterranean ; N.
W. by the Duchy of Lucca. It comprises the isl-
and of Elba and other small possessions, governed
by the archduke Ferdinand of Austria, and con-
tains 8,500 square miles, and 1,]80,1X)0 inhabit-
ants. The revenue exceeds $2,000,000. The ar-
my on an emergency can be increased to 30,000
men. It is one of the most beautiful and fertile re-
gions of Italy, abounding in corn and cattle, wine
and fruits. The principal cities are Florence,
Leghorn and Pisa.
Tuscarawas, name of the main branch of Mus-
kingum river, above Coshocton.
Tuscarawas, co. Ohio, on Tuscarawas river.
Pop. in 1815, 3,880. Chief town. New Philadel-
phia.
Tuscarawas, t. Stark co. Ohio. Fori, in 1819,
630.
Tuscarora, v. Niagara co. N. Y. 2^ m. E. Lew-
istown, inhabited by Tuscarora Indians to the
number of 300. They have made considerable
progress in civilization, having in a great measure
abandoned the chase, and depending for support
principally upon the produce of their soil. They
have a good meeting-house, a school, and a regu-
larly organized church of 17 Indian members, un-
der the care of a missionary of the United Foreign
Missionary Society.
Tusis, t. on the Rhine, 15 m. S. Coire, 20 N.
Chiavenna. Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat. 46° 32' N.
Tuskar, small isl. in St. George's channel, 5 m.
from the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6" 10' W.
L-.t. 52° 13' N.
Tuspa, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of
Mexico, in lon. 98° W. lat. 21° 28' N.
Tutacorin, or Tutucorin, t. Hind, in the Carna-
tic, 25 m. E. Palamcotta, 85 S. Madura.
Tutbury, or Tuttesbury, t. Eng. in Stafford, on
the Dove, 5 m. N. W. Burton, 134 N. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 1° 41' W. Lat. 52° 51' N.
Tuttlmgen. See Dultlingen.
Tuiurn, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 160
m. N. Irkutsk, 200 S. S. W. Kirensk. Lon. 105°
44' E. Lat. 54° 40' N.
Tuxford, t. Eng. in Nottingham, 15 m. N. Not-
tingham, 137 N. London. Lon. 0° 55' W. Lat. 53°
14' N.
Tuy, t. Spain, in Galicia, on a mountain, near
the N. side of the Minho, opposite Valenca, in
Portugal ; the see of a bishop. 40 m. S. W. Oren-
se, 50 S. Compostella. Lon. 8° 37' W. Lat. 42°
3'N.
Tusla, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, at the W.
end of a lake to which it gives name, 28 m» N.
Cogni.
Tweed, r. Scotland, which from Cold stream
forms the boundary line between England and
Scotland, and runs into the German sea at Ber-
wick.
Tweedmouth, seaport, Eng. in Durham, separa-
ted only by the Tweed from Berwick.
Twelve Apostles, small islands at the W. extrem-
ity of the straits of Magellan, on the coast of Ter-
ra del Fuego, between cape Pillar and cape De-
seada.
Twickenham, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the
Thames, 11 m. W. S. W. London.
Twiggs, CO. Geo. on the E. side of the Oakmul-
gee. Pop. 3,405, including 642 slaves. Chief
town, Marion.
Twin, t. Dark co. Ohio.
Twin, t. Ross CO. Ohio, on Paint Creek, 8 m. W
Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,510.
Ticin, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Twin Creek. See Franklin Creek.
Twin, North and South, 2 islands in James'
bay, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80° 40' W. Lat. 33°
20' N.
Twins, 2 small islands in the E. Indian sea, near
the island of Paraguay. Lon. 118° 3' E. Lat. 9°
18' N.
Twins, 2 small islands in the E. Indian sea, near
the N. coast of the island of Flores. Lon, 122" 33'
E. Lat. 8° 2' S.
Twohead Island, small isl. near the S. coast of
Ireland, 1 m. W. Lamb's-Head.
TwO'Headed Point, cape on the S. W. coast of
the island of Kodiak, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
207° 5' E. Lat. 56° 54' N.
Twohearted River, r. Michigan Territory, which
runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. N. of the Grand
Marais.
Twunf, t. Algiers, on the coast of the Mediter-
ranean, 30 m. N. W. Tremecen. Lon. 1° 2' W.
Lat. 35° 18' N.
Tybee, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth
of Savannah river. Lon. 81° 10' W. Lat. 32° N.
Here is alight-house.
Tyemochtee, r. Ohio, which runs into Sandusky
river, 12 m. below Upper Sandusky.
Tyfory, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, 45 m. '\\
Gilolo. Lon. 126° 28' E. Lat. 1° 6' N.
Tygarls Valley. See Beverly, Randolph co. Va.
Tyger, r. S. C. which rises in the Alleghany
mountains, and runs into Broad river, 5 m. above
the mouth of tlie Enoree.
Tygers'' Point, cape of Asia, on the S. W. coast
of Ava, at the mouth of the Persaim. Lon. 94" 45-
E. Lat. 15° 50' N.
Tyge/s Island, small isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Chiampa. Lon. 107" 45' E. Lat.
10° 47' N.
Tygers'' Island, small isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Cochin China. Lon. 106° 13' E.
Lat. 16" 51' N.
Tyger Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, at
the entrance of the bay of Amapalla. Lon. 13°
10' N.
Ty Gwyn, v. Wales, in Caermarthen, 5 m. W,
St. Clare.
Tykoczyn, t. Poland, in the palatinate of Bielsk,
In 1705, Augustus II. instituted the order of the
White Eagle in this town. 28 m. N. N. W.
Bielsk.
Tyler, co. in the N. W. part of Va. formed from
part of Ohio county. At the court-house is a
post-office.
V A D
Tyhrs, Great and Little, 2 small islands in the
5ulf of Finland. Lon. 27" 12' E. Lat. 5^ 50' N.
Tt/ne, r. Scotland, which runs into the German
sea," in Ion. 2" 3ii' VV. lat. 56" 2' N.
Ti/ngsborough, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the
W. side of Merrimack river, 28 m. N. W. Boston.
Pop. 704.
Tj/pa, harbour on the coast of China, at the en-
trance of the river of Canton. Lon. 1 13° 49' E.
Lat. 22° 9' i\.
Ti/ran, or Ti/ron, small isl. in the Red sea. Lon.
34''28'E. Lat. 27" 40' N.
Tyrawhy's Point, the S. W. extremity of Tre-
vanion's island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 163°
4rE. Lat. 10° 48' S.
TyringUam, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 14 m. S. S. E.
Lenox. Pop. 1,689.
Tyrokse, or Tyrol^ formerly a county of the
Austrian dominions, bounded N. by Bavaria, E.
by Salzburg and Corinthia, S. by Italy, and W. by
Bavaria and the Grisons. It is now included in
the division of the empire, called Upper Austria.
The country is mountainous, and capable of mak-
ing a powerlul stand against an invading enemy.
Tyrone, countv, Ireland, hounded N. E. by Lon-
V A L
753
donderry, E. by Lough Neagh, S. E. by Armagh,
S. by Monaghan, S. W. by Fermanagh, and W.
by Donegal.
Tyrone, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,604.
Tyrone, t. P'ayette co. Pa. on the Youghiogeny,
15 m. N. Union. Pop. 989.
Tyrone, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 753.
Tyroot, circar, Hind, in Bahar. Durbungah is
the capital.
Tyrrel, co. in the E. part of N. C. Pop. 3,364,
including 910 slaves. Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Tysied, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on a riv-
er, which runs into the Lymford Gulf, 40 m. W.
Aalborg. Lon. 8° 45' E. Lat. 57° 3' N. _
Tywappity, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri.
Tywappity, t. New Madrid co. Missouri.
Tzareragor, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tobol,
28 m. S. S. E. Okunevsk. Lon. 64° 34' E. Lat. 55°
20' N.
Tzaritsin, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Volga,
180 m. S. Saratov, 378 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
44° 34' E. Lat. 48° 35' N.
Tzurnchatu, {Sluroi,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 160
m. S. E. Nertchinsk. Lon. 119° 32' E. Lat. 49°
18' N.
U. V.
Vaagen, {East,) isl. in the North Sea, 20 m.
from the coast of Norway. Lat. 68° 26' N.
Vaagen, (West,) isl. in the North Sea, 30 m.
from the coast of IVorway. Lat. 68° 12' N.
Vaagsoe, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 61° 57' N.
Vaarsoe, small isl. of Denmark, off the E. coast
of Jutland. Lon. 10° 1' E. Lat. 55" 53' N.
Vabres, t. France, in Aveiron, 2 m. S. W. St.
Afrique.
Vacan, one of the small Philippine Islands, near
•ihe N. coast of Samar. Lon. 121° 15' E. Lat. 12°
47' N.
Vacca, {La,) small isl. in the Mediterranean,
aear the S. coast of Sardinia, 3 m. S. St. Antioco.
Vacha, t. Germany, in Saxe-Weimar, on the
Werra, 30 m. N. E. Fulda, 46 E. Marburg. Pop.
2,000.
Facha, t. Germany, 25 m. N. E. Anspach.
Vachts or Cotc-s Island, isl. 12 m. from the S.
:oast of Hispaniola, about 24 miles in circumfer-
snce. Lon. 74" 2.0' VV. Lat. 18° 5' N.
Voiche et le Torrtau, or Cow and Bull Rocks,
rocks on the S. coast of Newfoundland, a little E.
df Placei^tia Bay.
Vada, s-p. Tuscany, at the mouth of the river
Cecina, 18 m. S. W. Volterra, 16 E. S. E. Leg-
horn. Lon. 10° 30' E. Lat. 43° 17' N.
Vadadelli, t. Hind. 25 m. N. Madras, one of the
■tations of the Church Missionary Society.
Fadin, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia.on the Dan-
ube, 32 m. W. Nicopoli.
Vado, or Vadi, s-p. of the Genoese, in a bay,
with a good hai'bor, 3 m. S.,Savona. Lon. 8° 30'
E. Lat. 44" 14' N.
Fadutz, t. and castle, Germany, in the princi-
lalitv of Lichtenftoin, 26 m. S. Lindau. 34 S. S.
9/5
E. Constance. Lon. 9" 31' E. Lat. 45° 5' N. Pop.
1,800.
Faena, t. Spain, in Cordova, 18 m. E. S. E.
Cordova.
Fairoe, small isl. in the Baltic, near the N.
coast of Laland. Lon. 10° 46' E. Lat. 55° 57' N.
Fwroe, small isl. in the North Sea, 20 leagues
from the coast of Norway. Lat. 67" N.
Faga, r. Russia, which runs into the Dwina, at
Ust Vagskoi, in Archangel.
Fagos, t. Portugal, in Beira, near the Atlantic
coast, 6 m. S. Braganca Nova.
Fagskoi, Ust, t. Russia, in Archangel, at the
union of the rivers Vaga and Dwina, 20 m. N. N.
W. Schenkursk.
Faigar, isl. Russia, in the Frozen Ocean, on the
N. side of the Straits of Vaigatskoi, about 24 miles
long. Lon. 52° 24' E. Lat. 75" 30' N.
Faihend, or Scanderie, t. Persia, in Segestan,
150 m. S. E. Candahar. Lon. 66° 40' E. Lat. 31°
10' N.
Faison, t. France, in Vaucluse, on the Oueze,
22 m. N. N. E. Avignon, 23 S. E. Montelimart.
Pop. 2,130.
Fal de Pradcs, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montea,
16 m. E. N. E. Mirandela.
Faladares, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
5 m. S. VV. Melgasso.
Falais, canton, Switzerland, bounded N. by
Bern, and the lake of Geneva, E. and S. by Italy,
VV. by Savoy; about 100 miles long from E. to
VV. and from 20 to 25 broad. The whole country
is one large vale, watered by the Rhone, and en-
vironed on the N. and S. by very high mountains.
The Valais is a country of extraordinary fertility,
producing wheat, barley, rye, good wine, witli
plenty of apples, pears, plumb?, cherries, chest -
154
V A L
nuts, mulberries, small-nuts, saffron, &;c. Both
hills and yallies breed great numbers of cattle.
The inhabitants are much subject to goitres. The
religion is the Roman Catholic. Sionisthe capital.
Fop. 120,000.
Valcuy r. Popedom, which runs into the Tiber,
about 5 miles above Rome.
Valdaia, t. Russia, in Novgorod, 7] m. S. E.
Novgorod. Lon. 33" 44' E. Lat. 57" 50' N.
Faldasnes, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montes, 9 m.
E. S. E. Mirandela.
Valdecona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 15 m. S. Tor-
tosa.
Vdldepenas, t. Spain, in Jaen, 8 m. S. W, Jaen.
^ Valdepenas, t. Spain, in New Castile, 22 m. S.
E. Civdad Real.
Valdigem, t. Portugal, in Beira, near the Due-
ro, 3 m. N. E. Lamego.
Valdivia^ r. Chili, which runs into the sea near
Valdivia.
Valdiria, or Baldivia, s-p. Chili, on a bay of
the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most populous
cities in Chili. Its harbor is the safest, the strong-
est by nature and art, and the most capacious of
any on the western coast of America. 180 m. S.
Conception. Lon. 73" 54' W. Lat. 39" 40' S. Pop.
about 40,000.
Valedia, s-p. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of the
Atlantic. The harbor is capable of containing
above 1,000 ships, but the entrance, is difBcult
and dangerous. 27 m. S. S. W. Mazagan.
Valeggio, or Valezzo, t. Austrian Italy, on the
Mincio, 17 m. S. W. Verona, 12 N. Mantua.
Valenga, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
on the S. side of the Minho, 16 m. W. Oporto, 30
W. N. W. Braganca, Lon. 8° 20' W. Lat 42" N.
Valenga de Alcantara, t. Spain, in Estremadu-
ra, 24 m. S. W. Alcantara.
Valen^a dt Duero, t. Portugal, in Beira, half a
league from the Duero, 12 m. W. St. Joao de Pes-
queira.
Valence, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 12 m.
S. W. Agen, 22 E. Nerac. Lon. 0" 59' E. Lat. 44"
C'N.
Valence, city, France, and cap. of Drome, on
the left side of the Rhone. Before the revolut'on
it was the see of a bishop, and capital of a princi-
pality called Valentinois. 16i posts N. Avignon,
71 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 4" 59' E. Lat. 44" 55' N.
Pop. 7,532.
Valence el Jllbtgeois, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m.
N. E. Alby, 21 S. S. W. Rhodez.
Valencia, province, Spain, bounded N. by Ara-
gon and Catalonia, E. and S. E. by the Mediterra-
nean, S. W. by Murcia, and W. by New Castile,
about 220 long from N. to S. ; the breadth is une-
qual, from 20 to 45. In proportion to its extent,
it is one of the best peopled provinces of Spain.
The soil is extremely fertile, although divided by
mountains. Silk is made in this province in large
quantities. Pop. 932,150.
Valencia, city, Spain, and cap. of the above
province, is on the Guadalaviar, about a mile from
its mouth. The streets are narrow, and there are
few fine edifices. The silk manufactures are
among the most extensive in Europe. The har-
bor is merely a bad Foad without anchorage or
shelter. The surrounding country is fertile and
beautiful. 170 m. E. S. E. Madrid. Lon. 0" 27'
W. Lat. 39" 27' N. Pop. 105,000.
Valencia, t. S. Ameiica, in Caraccas, 16 m. S.
W. Caraccas, 12 E. S. E. Venezuela. Lon. 68"
W. Lat. 10" N.
Valenciennes, city, France, in the dep. of the
V A L
North, situated on the Scheldt. Large sums have
heretofore been spent in repairing and improving
the fortifications. The principal manufactures
are lace, cambrick, and woollen mitts, camlets,
&c. 4i posts E. Douay, 26 N. N. E. Paris. Lon.
3" 36' E. Lat. 50" 21' N. Pop. 16,918.
Valeniia, isl. in the Atlantic, near the S. W.
coast of Ireland, 5 miles long. Lon. 10" 1 1' W.
Lat 51" 52' N.
Valenza, t. Italy, in the Sardinian States, on the
Po, 6 m. N. Alexandria, 22 S. Novara.
Valetta, or Citta Nuova, city, Malta, and cap.
of the island, built on a hill, in form like a neck of
land extending itself into the sea. Its walls are of
large square stones, dug out of the rock, and plant-
ed with several batteries. On the point towards
the sea, stands the castle of St. Elmo, a fortress
which defends both the harbors, one of which is
called Marsa Masciello. The other harbor is call-
ed The Great Harbor, be^ng the largest, safest,
and most commodious ni this island. The town of
Valetta contains a handsome jjalaca, several con-
vents and nunneries, and a large hospital. Pop.
23,680.
Valey Island, small isl. in the North sea, sepa-
rated by Valey Sound, from the island of Shetland,
Lon. 1" 58' W. Lat. 60" 15' N.
Valk, t. Russia, in Riga, 72 m. N. E. Riga. Lon.
25" 44' E. Lat 57" 50' N.
Valki, t Russia, in Charcov, 16 m. S. W. Char-
kov. Lon. 35" 44' E. Lat. 49" 36' N.
Valkovar, or Barkovar, or Vaiko, t Sclavonia,
near the right bank of the Drave, 15 m. S. E. Es-
zeck, 60 N. W. Belgrade.
Vallabregues, t. France, in mouths of the Rhone,
3 m. N. Tarascon, 9 S. VV. Avignon.
Valladolid, t. Spai"n, in Leon, on a small rive:
called Esquava, near the Pisuerga; the see of a
bishop, and seat of an university. 84 m. N N.
W. Madrid. Lon. 4" 47' W. Lat 41" 42' N. Pop.
24,000.
Valladolid, or Comayagua, t. Gualimala, in
Honduras; the see of a bishop. Lon. 88" 19' W.
Lat 14" 30' N.
Valladolid, or Mechoacan, intendency, New
Spain, bounded N. by Guanaxuato, E. and S. by
Mexico, S. W. by the Pacific, N. W. bv Guada-
laxara. Extent, 26,396 sq. miles. Pop.' 376,400.
Vallen^ay, t. France, in Indre, 22 m. E. Loches.
Lon. 1" 38' E. Lat 47" 10' N.
Vallerauque, t France, in Gard, 6 m. N. le Vi-
gan, 19 W. Alais. Pop. 3,913.
Vallers, t France, in Indre and Loire, 12 m. \V.
S. W. Tours.
Valley forge, place. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 15 m.
N. VV. Philadelphia.
Vallonise, t France, in Higher Alps, 9 m. S. W.
Bnan9on. Pop. 3,2fj7.
Vails, t. Sixain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Tarrago-
na. Pop. 8,290.
Valluce, small is-1. in the English Channel, near
the coast of France. Lon. 2" 55' W. Lat. 47" 26' N.
Valognes, t. France, in Channel, 7^ posts N.
Coutances, 37^ W. N. VV. Paris. Lou. 1" 23' E.
Lat. 49" 31' N. Pop. 6,798.
Valona, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on a Gulf
of the Adriatic. Lon. 19" 28' E. Lat. 40" 36' N.
Valonia, p-t. Washington co. Indiana.
Valparayso, s-p. Chili, and port of St. Jago, is
on a bay of the Pacific Ocean. The harbor is ca-
pacious and deep, and ships of the largest si/.c can
lie close to the shore. The port is the most fre-
quented in Chili, although open to the iN. E. and
N. VV. winds, which blow with great violence in
VAN
winter, accompanied with a heavy sea. The
country near the sea is very barren, and all the
supplies are drawn from Quillota. The popula-
tion does not exceed 6,500 souls. Until the late
revolution, the only commerce of this port was
with Lima. From the opening of the ports by
the patriots in February 181 7, to July 1818, the
imports into Chili in British vessels amounted to
$1,8(10,000, and in vessels belonging to citizens of
tlie U. States to about $1,300,000. The articles
were principally British manufactured goods. 225
m. N. Conception, 75 N. W. St. Jago. Lon. 72°
16' VV. Lat.33°3'S.
Falperga, t. Sardinian States, 16 m. N. Turin.
Pop. 3,300.
f^als, t. France, in Ardeche, celebrated for sev-
eral medicinal springs in the neighborhood, 12 m.
S. W. Privas, 18 N. W. Viviers.
Valtcline, a lordship, Italy, at the foot of the
Alps ; bounded N. by the Orisons, E. by the coun-
ty of Bormio and the Bressan, S. by the Berga-
masco and the Milanese, and W. by the county of
Chiavenna and the Milanese. It is a valley in-
closed between two chains of lofty mountains,
about 50 miles long, and from 8 to 20 broad. It is
exceedingly fruitful, and throughout its whole ex-
tent watered by the Adda. This country now
forms part of the Austrian dominions.
Falra, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, the see ol a
bishop, 18 m. S. S. W. Civita di Chieti, 36 m. N.
W. Molise.
Vulverde de Fresno., t. Spain, in Leon, 27 m. S.
S. W.CivdadRodrigo.
Faluiki, t Russia, in Voronez, 108 m. S. S. W.
Voronez. Lon. 37° 44' E. Lat. 50" 2' N.
Vam-kaose, small isl. in the Chinese Archipela-
go, 62 m. S. W. Macao.
Van, t. Curdistan, 280 m. N. Bagdad, 120 S.
Erivan. Lon. 43" 55' E. Lat. 38" 9' N.
Van, r. Wales, which runs into the Bristol
Channel, 5 m. below Cowbridge, in Glamorgan-
shire.
Vance, t. Greene co. Ohio.
Vanceburg, p-v. Lewis co. Ken.
Vancoiirer sfort, Kentucky, at the forks of Big
Sandy river, 20 m. N. Harmar's station.
Vandalia, t. Bond co. Illinois, and cap. of the
State, is on Kaskaskias river. It has grown up
from a wilderness within a few years, and contains
already several public houses ; the erection of
public oliices for the Supreme and Federal courts,
and of a State-prison, is in prospect, and it is anti-
cipated that the college of Illinois, when endowed,
will be placed in this vicinity,
Vanderburg, co. Indiana.
Van Diemen's land, isl. in the Southern Ocean,
separated from the south coast of New Holland
by Bass's straits. It is about 170 miles long and
150 broad, and lies between 40" 41' and 43" 38' S.
lat. There is much fertile land in the island, and
the British planted a colony here in 1803, which
is now very flourishing. The principal town is Ho-
bart Town, on the Derwent, a fine navigable river
which falls into the ocean on the S. E. side of the isl-
and. The other settlements are confined to the
banks of the Derwent, and of the Tamar, which falls
into Bass's straits on the N. side of the island. The
cliuiatc is healthy, and nearly all the fruits of Eu-
rope have been successfully introduced. The
colony is peopled by free settlers and convicts
from England as well as from New South Wales.
According to the returns of 1818, the whole popu-
lation was 3,537, of whom about one hcdf were
V A R
7.55
convicts. At the same period, the number of
acres under cultivation was 5,681 ; the number of
horses 264; of horned cattle 15,356; of sheep,
127,883. The trade of the island is principally
with India, and the Isle of France. The exports
are wheat, seal skins, oil, sheep, potatoes, and
lumber. Coal, and a valuable species of timber
have been discovered on the island. The natives
are few in number, but hostile to the colonists.
They are said to be as ugly as tlie New Holland-
ers and as degraded.
Vandyke'' s Islands, two islands. Great and Lit-
tle, in the West Indies, N. W. of Tortola.
Vangeville, t. Kentucky at the mouth of Salt-
lick creek, on the Ohio, 36 m. above Maysville.
Here are salt works.
Vaniambaddy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 1 12 m. E.
Seringapatam,'^105 S. W. Madras. Lon. 78" 45'
E. Lat. 12" 41' N.
Vaniessa,ov DevWs Key, small isl. in the Span-
ish Main, near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82" 35'
W. Lat. 14" 5' N.
Vannen, small isl. in the North Sea, on the coast
of Norway. Lon. 19" 44' E. Lat. 70° 10' N.
Vannes, s-p. France, and cap. of Morbihan, at
the union of two small rivers, which form a har-
bor. The principal commerce is in corn, bar-
iron, and fish. 13 posts N. W. Nantes, 56i W. S.
W. Paris. Lon. 2° 40' W. Lat. 47° 39' N. Pop.
2,131.
Vansrille, p-v. Prince George co. Md.
Vanwert, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indi-
ana reservation.
Var, department, France, bounded N. by Low-
er Alps, E. by the Sardinian States, S. and S. E.
by the Mediterranean, and W. by Mouths of the
Rhone. Toulon is the capital. Pop. 283,296.
Var, r. which rises in Lower Alps, and runs
into the Mediterranean, 4 m. W. Nice.
Varades, t. France, in Lower Loire, 6 m. N. E.
Ancenis. Pop. 2,977.
Varallo, t. Sardinian States, on the Sesia, 24 m.
N. N. W. Novara, 33 E. Aosta. Lon. 8° 14' E.
Lat. 45° 49' N. Pop. 3,246.
Varano, lake of iVaples, in Capitanata, which
communicates with the Adriatic, 13 ra. N. N. W.
Monte St. Angelo.
Varasdin, t. Austrian dominions, on the S. side
of the Drave, with a castle and citadel, 186 m. N.
W. Belgrade, 1 10 S. Vienna. Lon. 16° 25' E. Lat.
46° 30' N. Pop. 4,362.
Varbresie, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Lyons.
Varces, t. France, 7 m. S. Grenoble.
Varden, or Wardan, or Ouardan, t. Egypt, on
the west branch of the Nile, 18 m. N. N. W.Cairo.
Vnrdar, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Giilfof Saloniki, 16 m. W. S. W. Saloniki.
Vardegus, small isl. Russia, in the Frozen
Ocean, 100 m. N. N. W. Kola. Lon. 30° 34' E.
Lat. 70" 25' N.
Varel, t. Germany, in Oldenburg, 22 m. N. Ol-
denburg.
Varelle, small isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
E. coast of Malacca. Lon. 104" E. Lat. 3° 18' N.
Varena, t. Italy, on the Lake of Como, 15 m. N.
N. E. Como, 35 N. Milan.
Varenne, t. France, in Allier, 10 m. N. Cusset,
16S.Moulins. Pop. 2,111.
Varennes, t. France, in Meuse, 7 m. N. Cler-
mont en Ai^onne, 13 W. N. W. Verdun. Lon. 5°
7' E. Lat. 49° 14' N.
Varennes, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 10 m. E. Moatreal.
756
V A V
Varesio. i. Austrian Italy, 24 m. N. N. W. Mi-
lan, 10 W. S. W. Como. Lon. 8° 49' E. Lat. 45°
50' N. Pop. 7,000.
Vargel, or Fargula, t. Germany, 10 m. N. W.
Erfurt.
Varhely, t. Transylvania, 60 m. E. Temesvar.
Variety^ p-v. Nelson co. Va.
Varinas, province, in the g^overnmeut of Ca-
raccas, lying S. W. Venezuela.
Varin Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon.
83° W. Lat. ir 10' N.
Varna, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on a gulf
of the Black Sea, to which it gives name, at the
mouth of the river Varna ; the see of a Greek
archbishop. It is surrounded by a ditch and de-
fended by an old castle. 144 m. N. Constantino-
ple, 1 12 N. N. E. Adrianople. Lon. 27° 10' E. Lat.
43° 14' N. Pop. 16,000, consisting of Turks,
Greeks, and Armenians.
Varpa, isl. near the N. E. coast of Sumatra, 30
miles in circumference. Lon. 103° 25' E. Lat. 0°
36' S.
Varsovia. See Warsaw.
Vara, isl. in the Caribbean Sea, near the coast
of S. America, 16 miles long and 3 broad. Lon.
75° 25' W. Lat. 10° 12' N.
Varsy., t. France, in Nievre, 24 m. N. Nevers.
Pop. 2,500.
Vasarhely, t. Hungary, on a small river, which
runs into the Theyff, 50 m. N. N. W. Temeswar,
80 S. E. Buda, Lon. 20° 33' E. Lat. 46° 27' N.
Vash, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs into the
Gihon near Termed.
Vashgerd, t. Grand Bukhariu, 200 m. S. E. Sa-
marcand, 1 10 N. E. Termed. Lon. 67° 50' E. Lat.
38° 25' N.
Vashion's Island, isl. near the N. W. coast oi'
America, at the bottom of Admiralty Inlet. Lon.
237° 25' E. Lat. 47° 10' N.
Fasil, t. Russia, on the Volga, 60 m. E. iVizuei
Novgorod. Lon. 45° 44' E. Lat. 56° 16' N.
Vasit, or Wasit, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris,
96 m. S. E. Bagdad, 185 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon.
45° 38' E. Lat. 32° 18' N.
Vaslui, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the Bir-
lat, 32 m. S. Jassy. Lon. 27° 43' E. Lat. 46° 40' N.
Vassalborough, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, on Ken-
nebec river, 8 m. N. Augusta, 12 from Hallowell.
It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists
and 1 for Quakers.
Vassy, t. France, in Calvados, 8 m. E. Vire, 23
S. S.E.Caen. Pop. 3,152.
Vassy, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 m. S. St.
Dizier, 26 N. N. W. Chaumont en Bassigny.
Lon. 5° 2' E. Lat. 48° 30' N. Pop. 2, 1 70.
Vastan, t. Curdistan, on Lake Van. In 1386,
it was taken by Timur Bee. 20 m. S. W. Van,
58 E. S. E. Betlis.
Vasiigan, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, in
lon. 80' 14' E. lat. 59° N.
Vatan, t. France, in Indre, 11 m. N. W. Issou-
dun. Lon. 1° 54' E. Lat. 47° 5' N. Pop. 2,066.
Vaihi, t. on the N. coast of the island of Samos,
in a bay called the Gulf of Vathi. Lon. 26° 54' E.
Lat. 37° 49' N.
Vathia, or Berbathi, (an. Tyrinx,) t. Eu. Tur-
key, in the Morea, 16 m. N. E, Napoli di Romania.
Vatica, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 44 m.
S. E. Misitra.
Vavao, or Vavou, one ef the Friendly Islands,
in the Pacific Ocean. Lat. of the W. point, 18°
34' S.
U D I
Vauclase, department of France, bounded N. by
Drome and Ardeche, E. by Lower Alps, S. by
Mouths of the Rhone, and W. by Gard. Avig-
non is the capital. Pop. 205,832.
Vaucouleurs, t. France, in Meuse, 8 m. N. E.
Gondrecourt, 33 S. S. E. Verdun. Lon. 5" 44' E.
Lat. 48° 36' N. Pop. 2,406.
Vaud, or Pays de Vaud, canton, Switzerland^
bounded N. by Neufchatel, Et-by Friburg, S. by
the Lake of Geneva and the river Rhone, and W.
by France.
Vaudreuil, t. France, in Eure, 4 m. N. Louviers.
Vaudreuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the Ottawa, 28 m. from Montreal .
Vaudreuil, seigniory, Buckingham and Dor-
chester cos. Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river,
50 m. S. E. Quebec. Pop. 1,500.
Vaughan, t York co. Up. Canada, N. oi' York.
Vaugirard, t France, 2 m. S. W. Paris.
Vaugneray, t. France, 8 m. W. S. W. Lyons.
Vauverl. t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S. Nismes, 18
N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 3,200.
Vauville, s-p. France, in Channel, on a bay to
which it gives name, 9 m. W. Cherburg. Lon. 1°
37' W. Lat. 49° 39' N.
Vayingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Entz, with a
castle, 1 1 m. N. W. Stuttgart, 28 S. S. E. Heidel-
berg. Lon. 8° 59' E. Lat. 48° 58' N. Pop. 2,700.
Ubeda, city of Spain, in Jaen, 3 m. E. Jaen, 47
N.Grenada. Lon. 3° 3 1' W. Lat. 38° 3' N. Pop.
7,200.
Uberlingen, t. Baden, on a rock, in a bay of the
Lake of Constance. It contains a collegiate church,
a hospital, 3 convents, and 2 oilier churches. 22
m. N. W. Lindau, 7 N. Constance. Lon. 8° 49'
E. Lat. 47° 23' N. Pop. 2,608.
Ubi, or Uby, isl. in the Gulf of Siam, near the
coast of Cambodia, 21 m. in circumference. Lon.
105° 56' E. Lat. 8° 26' N.
Ubigau, t. Prussian Stales, in Saxony, 6 m. N.
W. Leibenwerda, 28 S. E. Wittenberg. Lon. 12^
20' E. Lat. 51° 34' N. Pop. 800.
Ucayale, or Ycayale, r. S. America, formed by
the union of the Apurimac and Ene, in lat. 10" 50'
S. It pursues a northerly course to lat. 4° 15' S.
where it joins the Maranon, and takes the name
of the Amazons.
Uchendge, t. Asia, in Georgia, to the E. of Tellis.
Ucker, r. JPomerania, which empties itself iqto
the Frische Haff, 1 m. N. Uckermunde.
Ucker Mark. See Brandenburg.
Ucker See, lake of Brandenburg, in the Ucker
Mark, to the S. of Prenzlow.
Uckermunde, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania,
on the Ucker, near its entrance into the Frische
Half, 29 m. N. N. W. Old Stettin, 15 S. E. An-
clam. Lon. 13° 57' E. Lat. 53° 48' N. Pop. 2,100.
Ucles, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m. S. W.
Huete.
Uda, r. Russia, which runs into the Velika, 12
m. N. W. Onegka, in Pskov.
Uddevalla, s-p. Sweden, in Bahus, with a fort
and harbor, 205 m. VV. S. W. Stockholm, 40 E.
Gotheborg. Lon. 1 1° 45' E. Lat. 58" 21' N. Pop.
3,500.
Udina, t, Austrian Italy, and cap. of a province
of the same name. It contains several churches,
convents, and hospitals, a college for the study of
law, and a military academy. The province con-
tains 269,000 inhabitants. 35 m. N. W. Trieste,
54 N. N. E. Venice. Lon. 13° 14' E. Lat. 46° 10'
N. Pop. 16,000.
V E L
V E N
757
Udinsk, (Msnei,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the
•river Uda, 260 m. N. W. Irkutsk. Lon. 98" 50'
E. Lat. 54" 15' N.
Udinsk, {Verchnei,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the
Selenga, 88 m. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 107° 20' E. Lat.
5r50'N.
Udinska, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the conflux of
the Uda and the Angara, 140 m. W. N. W. Irkutsk.
Lon. 103° 14' E. Lat. 54° 12' N.
Udrigill Head, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast
of Ross-shire. Lon. 5° 21' W. Lat. 57° 54' N.
Udskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Uda, 1,100
m. E. N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 135° 50' E. Lat. 55"
16' N.
Veal town, v. N. J. near Baskenridge, 7 m. S. W.
Morristown.
Vecht, r. Netherlands, which runs into the Zuy-
der Zee, at Gelmuyden; another, runs into the
ZuyderZee, at Muyden.
P'echta, t. Germany, in Oldenburg, 60 m. N. E.
Munster. Lon. 8° 18' E. Lat. 52° 43' N. Pop.
1,470.
Fedenskoi, t. Russia, in Archangel, 200 m. E. S.
E. Archangel. Lon. 46° 44' E. Lat. 58° 45' N.
Veere, or Fere, or Tervere, seaport, Netherlands,
in Zealand, on the N. coast of the isle of Walche-
ren, communicating with Middelburg, by means
of a canal. It is regularly fortified towards the
land, with strong bastions and a broad ditch ; and
towards the sea is a strong wall. The harbor is
very good. The arsenal is one of the best in Zea-
land, and furnished with stores for a considerable
fleet. The inhabitants are chiefly occupied in the
herring-fishery, which is their harvest. 4 m. N.
Middelburg. Lon. 3° 35' E. Lat. 51° 37' N.
Vegenoe, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 65° 45' N.
Veglia, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the coast
of Dalmatia, about 30 miles long, and 90 in cir-
cumference, situated in the innermost part of the
gulf of Quarnero, and separated from the conti-
nent by a small canal. It belongs to Austria, and
is included in the new kingdom of lUyria. Lon.
14° 42' E. Lat. 45° 16' N. Pop. 6,000.
Veglia, seaport on the S. W. coast of the above
island, surrounded with walls, and defended by a
castle. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 14* 38' E.
Lat. 45° 11' N. Pop. 1,280.
Vegliana, t. Sardinian states, 11 m. N. Turin.
Veisenberg, t. Russia, in Revel, on the coast of
the gulf of Finland, 56 m. E. Revel. Lon. 26°
14' E. Lat. 59° 22' N.
Veita, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
E. coast of Tunis. Lon. 11° 12' E. Lat. 35° V N.
Velaur, r. Hind, which runs into the bay of
Bengal, near Portonovo.
Velden, t. Germany, on the Pregnitz, 21 m. N.
E. Nuremberg.
Veldentz, t. Germany, celebrated for an excel-
lent Moselle wine, 17 m. E. N. E. Treves, 38 S.
W. CoblentZ. Lou. 6° 58' E. Lat. 49° 55' N.
Veletri, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Roma.
It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. N. N. W. Terra-
oina, 18 S. E. Rome. Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat. 41°
i^ N. Pop. 14,000.
Velez Malaga, seaport, Spain, in Grenada, near
the coast of the Mediterranean, 13 m. E. Malaga,
40 S. S. W. Grenada. Lon. 4° 18' W. Lat. 36°
47' N. Pop. 8,589.
Veles el Rubio, t. Spain, in Grenada, near the
Guadalentin, 14 m. S. Huesca. Pop. 7,000.
Velezar, r, Spain, i«; formed by the union of the
little rivers Burcia and Sil. It unites with the
Minho, a little above Oreme.
Velidia, i. Morocco, on the coast of the Atlan-
tic, 140 ra. N. W. Morocco.
Velika, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka,
10 m. N. E. Orlov.
Velino, r. Popedom, which runs into the Nera.
4 m. fromTerni.
Vellekat, rocks in the E. Indian sea, 15 m. E.
from the island of Mysol. Lon. 131° 2' E. Lat. T
I'S.
Velletri. See Veletri.
Vellum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W .
Tanjore. Lon. 79° 7' E. Lat. 10° 43' N.
Velorc, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m. W. Ar-
cot, 70 N. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 79° 15' E. Lat.
12° 54' N. It is a station of the Church Missiona-
ry Society.
Voloso, t. Portugal, in Beira, 14 m. S. St. Joao
da Pesqueira.
Venafro, t. Naples, in Lavora, the see of a bish-
op, 14 m. N. Sezza, 40 N. Naples. Lon. 13° 58' E.
Lat. 41° 30' N. Pop. 2,798.
Venaissin, Contat de, {County of Venaissin,)
country, France, formerly claimed by the Pope,
but ceded by him to France in 1797. It now forms
part of the department of Vaucluse.
Venango, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co.
E. by Armstrong co. S. by Butler co. and W. by
Mercer co. Pop. 3,060. Chief town, Franklin.
Venango, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa.
Venango, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 434.
Venasca, or Venasque, or Benasca, t. Spain, in
Arragon, 45 m. N. Balbastro, 42 N. E. Jaca.
Venasque, t. France, in Vaucluse, formerly the
capital of the Venaissin, on the Nasque, 14 m. E.
N. E. Avignon, 12 N. W. Apt.
Vencatighery, t. Hind, in Mysore, 54 m. W. Ar-
cot. Lou. 78°' 38' E. Lat. 12° 57' N.
Vence, t. France, in Var, 6 m. N. E. Grasse, 9
N.Antibes. Pop. 2,615.
Vendee, r. France, which runs into the Sevre
Niortoise, about a mile E. Marans.
Vendee, department, France, bounded N. by
Lower Loire, and Mayne-and-Loire, E. by Two
Sevres, S. by Lower Charente, and S. W. and W.
by the sea. Fontenay le Comte is the capital.
Pop. 268,786.
Venden, t. Russia, in Riga, on the Aa, 36 m N.
E. Riga. Lon. 25° 14' E. Lat. 57° 12' N.
Vendome, t. France, in Loir and Cher, on the
Loir, 7A posts N. E. Tours, 22 S. 3. W. Paris.
Lon. 1° 8' E. Lat. 47° 48' N. Pop. 7,555.
Vendre le Port, seaport, France, in Eastern Py-
renees, 12 m. S. S. E. Perpignan.
Venerie, La, t. Sardinian states, with manufac-
tures of wool and silk, 3 m. N. N. W. Turin. Pop
2,700.
Veness, cape on the S. E. coast of the island of
Eday. Lon. 2° 38' W. Lat. 59° 1' N.
Venelir.o, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of the Morea. Lon. 25° 53' E. Lat. 26° 41' N.
Venetico, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, near
the S. coast of the island of Scio.
Venezuela, province in Caraccas, bounded N,
by the Caribbean sea and the province of Carac-
cas, E. by Cumana, S. by Spanish Guiana and Va-
rinas, and W. by Maracaybo. The population,
including the small province of Varinas, is esti-
mated at .500,000. The name, "Republic ol
Venezuela," was for some time applied to all the
provinces included in the Captain-generalship oJ
Caracca^. ''ee Caraccas.
768
V E R
V E R
Venesuela, oy Coro, t. Caraccas, and capital of
the province of Venezuela, situated in a bay or
gulf to which it gives name, on the coast of the
Caribbean sea, 300 m. E. Carthagena. Lon. 70"
8'W. Lat. 10" 40' N.
Venice, city, Italy, for a long time the capital of
a republic, now belonging to Austria. This city
makes a very grand appearance at a distance, be-
ing built on a multitude of islands, and seeming
to float ou the sea. The Laguna or marshy lake
which lies between the city and the continent, is
5 miles broad, and too shallow for large ships, —
The great canal, which winds through the city,
and divides it into two parts, is 1,300 paces long.
Over the several canals are laid 450, some say up-
wards of 300, bridges : the highest and longest is
the Rialto, which crosses the great canal at its
narrowest part. Venice contains 70 parish
churches, besides others, 54 convents of monks,
26 nunneries, 17 rich hospitals, 18 oratories, and
53 squares. The buildings are of stone, but the
greater part mean, St, Mark's square is very
fine, and is the pride of the city. In the churches
and convents are the paintings for which Venice
is so highly renowned. The trade of Venice in
cloth, especially scarlet, silk goods, and looking-
glasses, is still very considerable. Here also gold
and silver stuffs arc manufactured. 216 m. N.
Rome. Lon. 12° 18' E. Lat. 45" 28' N. Pop.
137,240,
Venice, Government of, one of the two great di-
visions of Austrian Italy, containing 9,930 square
miles, and 1,932,000 inhabitants. It is subdivided
into the provinces of Venice, Padua, Verona, Vi-
cenza, Treviso, Udina, Belluno, and Rovigo.
Venice, Gulf of. See Adriatic.
Venice, t. Huron co, Ohio, on Sandusky bay, 3
m. W. Sandusky. It is abandoned on account of
its unheal thiness.
Venlo, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, on the
E. side of the Meuse, 12 m, N, N. E. Ruremond,
25 N. W. Dusseldorp. Lon. 6" 2' E. Lat. 51° 27'
N, Pop. 2,082,
Venae, small Danish isl, in the gulf of Lymfiord,
Lon. 8° 38' E. Lat. 56° 34' N.
Venosa, t. Naples, in Basilicata, the see of a
bishop. It contains 7 churches. 9 m. N, N. W.
Acerenza, 35 W. N. W. Matera. Lon. 15° 48' E.
Lat. 40° 58' N. Pop. 4,000.
Vent, r. Eng. in Cumberland, which runs into
the South Tyne.
Venta de Cruz, seaport. Isthmus of Darien, on
the river Chagre, 20 m. N. Panama. Lat, 9"
26' N.
Venthie, La, t. France, in Straits of Calais, 9
m. N. E. Bethune, 12 W. Lille. Pop. 3,004.
Ventotiena, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Naples, used as a place of banishment for
criminals of a superior rank, 17 m, W, Ischia.
Lon, 13° 19' E, Lat, 40° 53' N,
Ventrevre, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of France. Lon. 2" 39' W. Lat. 47" 28' N.
Ventry, v. Ireland, in Kerry, with a harbor, 3
m. S. W. Dingle.
Vepery, v. Hind, near Madras, where the Chris-
tian Knowledge Society have a missionary,
Ver du Gard, t. France, in Gard, 6 m, S. E,
Uzes. .
Vera, t. Spain, in Grenada, 34 m. N. E. Alme-
ria. Lon, 2° 4' W. Lat. 37° 8' N.
Vera, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the gulf
of Ealoniki, near the mouth of the Vardar.
Vera Cruz, seaport, Mexico, with a secure har-
bor, defended by a fort, upon a rock of a neigh-
bouring island, called St. John d' Alva, in the gulf
of Mexico. It is one of the most considerable
places in Spanish America for trade, being the
centre of the American treasure, and the maga-
zine of all the merchandize sent from New Spain,
or imported from Europe, It receives a prodi-
gious quantity of East India goods over land from
Acapulco, brought from the Philippine isles. Up-
on the annual arrival of tlie vessels here from Old
Spain, a fair is opened, which lasts many weeks.
Pop, 16,000, 180 m, E. S, E, IVIexico, 115 E, S, E,
Pueblo de los Angelos, Lon. 97" 26' VV. Lat, 19°
5'N.
Vera Cruz, a port in the bay of St. Philip and
St. Jago, in Terra Australis del Espiritu Santo,
capable of containing 1,000 ships.
Vera Cruz, Old, seaport, Mexico, where Cortes
landed in 1518, 15 m, N, Vera Cruz. Lon. 97"
40' W. Lat, 19° 20' N,
Vera Paz, province, Guatimala, bounded N. by
Chiapa, E. by the bay and province of Honduras,
S, by Guatimala.
Vera Paz, or Coban, t, Guatimala, and capital
of the province of Vera Paz, on a river, which
runs into the bay of Honduras, 600 m, S, E, Mex-
ico, Lon. 91° 14' W. Lat. 15° 50' N.
Vera-gila, small isl, in the gulf of Venice. Lon.
13°32'E, Lat, 44° 12' N.
Veragtia, province. New Granada, bounded N.
by the gulf of Mexico, E. by Darien, S. by the
Pacific ocean, and W. by Costa Ric.*,
Verbro Aa, r, Denmark, in North Jutland,
which runs into the sea, 6 ni, W. S. W. Ilioring.
Vercelli, t. Sardinian states, on the Sesa, at the
junction of the Cerva, It is the see of a bishop,
and contains 14 churches, and 19 convents. 30 m,
S, W. Milan, 38 N. E. Turin. Lon. 8° 26' E. Lat.
45°22'N. Pop, 16,162,
Vercheres, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side of the St. Lawrence, 18 m. N. E.
Montreal.
Verchokizilskoi, fort, Russia, in Upha, at the
union of the Kizil and Ural, 40 m. S. Verchou-
ralsk.
Vercholensk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena,
228 m. S. S. W, Kirensk, 120 N, Irkutsk. Lon.
105° 34' E. Lat, 54° N.
Verehotura, t. Russia, in Ekaterinburg, near
the river Tura. It has 4 churches, and is the see
of a bishop. It is fortified, and defended by a gar-
rison. 120 m. N. Ekaterinburg. Lon. 60° 14' E.
Lat. 58° 45' N.
Verchouralik, t. Russia, in Upha, on the Ural,
120 m. S. E. Upha. Lon. 59° 14' E. Lat. 53°
36' N.
Verde, or Green Island, isl. on the N. coast of S.
America, at the mouth of the river St. Martha.
Verde Island, or Verde Key, one of the small
Bahamas, Lon. 75" 26' W. Lat. 22° 54' N.
Verde Cape, cape on the W. coast of Africa.
Lon, 17° 31' W, Lat, 14" 48' N.
Verde Cape Islands, islands off the W. coast of
Africa, 390 m, W. Cape Verde, between 15° and
18° N. lat. They belong to the Portuguese, The
climate is unwholesome, and the soil for the most
part stony and barren, but in some places produ-
ces rice, maize, bananas, lemons, grapes, and oth-
er fruits. Leather and salt are manufactured.
St. Yago and St, Philip are the only islands that
are fortified. Pop, estimated at 100,000.
Verden, t. Hanover, and capital of a principal-
ity of the same name, on the Allier, which di-
V E R
vides itself here into two arms, 56 m. S. S. W.
Hamburg, 40 N. W. Hanover. Lon. 9" 15' E.
Lat. 52" 58' N. Pop. 5,100.
f^erden, principality, Germany, in the kingdom
of Hanover, bounded N. and W . by the duchy of
Bremen, E. and S. by Luneburg. Extent, 520
sq^uare miles. Pop. 22,550. The inhabitants are
Lutherans.
Ferdi, small isl. near the W. coast of MadagJis-
car. Lon. 47" 50' E. Lat. 14" 35' S.
Ferdigris, r. Arkansaw Territory, which runs
into the N. side of Arkansaw river. It is naviga-
ble 200 miles.
Verdon, r. France, which runs into the Du-
rance, at Pertuis.
Verdun, t. France, in Meuse, before the revo-
lution, the capital of a province, called Verdunois,
and the see of a bishop. Exclusive of its fortifi-
cations, it is defended by a fine citadel. It con-
tains 10 churches. 33 m. N. VV. Toul, 24 N. Bar
le Due. Lon. 5" 27' E. Lat. 49" 9' N. Pop.
10,172.
Verdun sur Garonne, t. France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 18 m. N. N. VV. Toulouse. Pop. 3,442.
Verdun sur Saone, U France, in Saone-and-
Loire, at the conflux of the Saone and Doubs, 9
m. N. K. Chalons sur Saone, 11 E.Chagny. Lon.
5° 7' E. Lat. 46° 54' N.
Vere, r. Eng, in Herts, which runs into the
Coin, 2 m. S. E. St. Albans.
Vereria, t. Russia, in Moscow, 56 m. W. S. W.
Moscow. Lon. 35" 50' E. Lat. 55" 18' N. Pop.
5,541.
Verfeil, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 11 m. E.
N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 2, 1 44.
Vergara, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 7 m. S. Tolosa.
Pop. 4,(MX>.
Vergennes, city, Addison co. Vermont, on Otter
creek, at the Lower Falls, 6 miles from the mouth
of the river, 13 below Middlebury, 29 S. Burling-
ton. It is regularly laid out, and has several mills
and manufactories, and considerable trade. Pop.
835.
Vergoraz, t. Dalmatia, 20 m E. Narenta, 21 S.
E. Macarsca.
Veria, or Beria, t. Spain, in Grenada, near the
coast of the Mediterranean, 16 m. E. Motril.
Vena, or Cara Veria, t. Eu. Turkey, in Mace-
donia, 48 m. W. Saloniki. Lon. 21" 58' E. Lat.
40"43']V. Pop. 9,000.
Verina, t. S. America, in Cumana, on a gulf of
the Atlantic, 45 m. E. Cumana.
Vermand, t. France, in Aisne, 6 m. W. St.
Quentin.
Vermanton, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m. N. W.
Avalon, 12 S. E. Auxerre. Pop. 2,316.
Vermejo, or liio Grand, r. Buenos Ay res, which
runs into the Parama, near its union with the
Paraguay, opposite Corrientes.
Vermillion, r. Louisiana, which flows into the
gulf of Mexico.
Vermillion, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie,
15 m. E. Sandusky bay.
Vermillion, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Vermillion, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Vermillion, r. Indiana, which flows into the
Wabasli, 40 m. below Ouiaton.
Vermillion, r. Illinois, which runs into the Illi-
nois from the S. 160 m. above its mouth.
Vermillion, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into
the Mississippi, 40 m. above Peckagama falls.
Vermillion, r. Arkansaw Territory, which rnn«
into Arkansaw river.
V E R
759
Vermillion bridge, p-v. Attakapas parish, Lou-
isiana.
Vermillion point, peninsula, Michigan Terri-
tory, which forms the E. boundary of Green bay.
Vermillion sea. See California.
Vermont, one of the United States, bounded N.
by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by
Massachusetts ; and W. by New York, from which
it is separated in part by lake Champlain. It lies
between 42" 44' and 45" N. lat. and between 71"
38' and 73" 26' VV. lon. It is 157 miles long from
N. to S. 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on
the southern, and contains 10,212 square miles. It
is divided into 13 counties, and 347 towns. Pop.
in 1790, 85,689; in 1800, 154,465; in 1810,
217,895 ; and m 1820, 235,579. Militia in 1821,
20,871.
The Green mountains, from which the State
derives its name, come from Massachusetts, and
run along the E. side of Bennington, Rutland,
and Addison counties. In Addison county they
divide ; the western arid principal chain continu-
ing a northerly course, and terminating near the
northern boundary of the State ; while the height
of land, as it is called, strikes off to the N. E. di-
viding the waters which flow into the Connecti-
cut from those which iall into lake Memphrema-
gog and lake Champlain. The western range
presents much the loftiest summits, but has ine-
qualities which afford a passage for Onion and La-
moil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile,
being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist,
loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are
esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually
a strip 1 or 2 miles wide, which is comparatively
poor, but beyond this the laud recovers a fertility
nearly equal to that on the rivers. The principad
productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn,
oats, &;c. The principal exports are pot and pearl
ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The mar-
ket for the northern part of the State is Montreal ;
lor the eastern, Hartford and Boston; for the
western. New York.
The principal religious denominations arc
Coiigregationalists, and Baptists, who have
each more than 100 congregations. There are
two colleges, one at Burlington, and the other al
Middlebury. The legislative power is vested in
a house of representatives chosen annually, on
the 1st Tuesday in September. The executive
power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-gov-
ernor, and 12 counsellors, chosen at the same
time.
Vernal, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lon. 95" 50' W. Lat. 1 6" 35' N .
Verneuil, t. France, in Eure, 18 m. W, Dreux,
21 S. Avreux. Lon. 0" 1' E. Lat. 48" 43' N. Pop.
5,280.
Vernon, t. France, in Eure, on the S. side of the
Seine, 15 m. E. N. E. Evreux, 15 E. S. E. Lou-
viors. Pop. 4,074.
Vtrnmi, t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 49 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 521.
Vernon, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 12 m. N. E. Hart-
ford. Pop. 827.
Vernon, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. W. Utica.
Pop. 1,519. ' Here is a glass factory.
Vernon, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 21 m. N. E. New-
ton. Pop. 1,708.
Vernon, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Geo.
Vernon, t. and cap. Hickaman co. West Ten-
760
V E R
Vernon, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 20 m. N. E.
Warren.
Vernon, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. S. W, Wil-
mington.
Vernon, t. and cap. Jennings co. Indiana, on
White river, 40 m. N. Charlestown, 46 S. W.
Brookville.
Vernoux, t. France, in Ardeche, 14 m. S. Tour-
non, UN. Privas. Pop. 2,229.
Veroli, t. Popedom, in Campagna di Roma, the
see of a bishop, 44 m. E. Rome. Lon. 13" 20' E.
Lat. 4r42'N.
Verona, city, Italy, the see of a bisliop, on the
Adige, fortified in the ancient mannei*, and defend-
ed by three castles. Most of the streets are nar-
row, crooked, and dirty, and Ihe houses but mean.
In the Palazzo della Regione, or the Guildhall,
are the statues of five illustrious natives of \^ero-
na, namely, Catullus, Marcus ^milius, Cornelius
Nepos, the elder Pliny, and Vitruvius ; but the
most valuable piece of antiquity here, is the cele-
brated Roman amphitheatre, which far exceeds
all others, and count MafFei computed that it held
22,184 spectators. Pop. 55,887. 60 m. W, Ve-
nice, 18 N. N. E. Mantua. Lon. 8" 9' E. Lat. 45°
37' N.
Verona, province or delegation, Austrian Italy,
in the government of Venice, containing 1,330
square miles, and 285,000 inhabitants. Verona is
the chief town.
Verona, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oneida lake
and the Erie canal, 10 m. VV. Rome, 20 N. W.
Utica, Pop. 1,014, in 1820, 2,441.
Verovitza, t. Sclavonia. This is a strong town,
situated near the Drave, 36 m. S. S. E. Canischa.
52 N. W. Eszek.
Verrez, t. Sardinian States, with a fortress, built
on a sharp rock. 15 m. S. S. E. Aosta, 35 N. Tu-
rin.
Verrua, t. Sardinian States, on a high hill, near
the Po, opposite Crescentin : the fortifications
were once very strong, and the castle was called
impregnable. 18 m. N. N. E. Turin. Lon. 8°
E. Lat. 45° 14' N.
Versailles, city, France, and cap. of Seine-and-
Oise. In the beginning of the last century, it was
a small village, when Louis XIII. built here a hun-
ting seat, which Louis XIV. enlarged into a pal-
ace, in a forest 30 miles in circumference, which
became aplace of frequent residence of the royal
family. The palace is magnificent, with beauti-
ful gardens, adorned with statues, canals, foun-
tains, kc. 3 posts S. W. Paris. Lon. 2" 11' E.
Lat. 48° 39' N. Pop. 27,574.
Versailles, p-t. and cap. Woodford co. Ken. on
a creek running into Kentucky river, 13 m. from
Frankfort, 13 S. W. by S. Lexington. It contains
about 100 houses, mostly large, of brick and stone,
a court-house jail, academy, and some mills and
manufactories.
Versitz, or Versecz, t. Hungary, the see of a
Greek bishop, 20 m. N. N. W. Vipalanka. Pop.
10,000.
Veshire, t. Orange co. Vt. 35 m. N. Whidsor.
Pop. 1,311.
P'ersoix, t. Swisserland, at the mouth of a river
of the same name, on the Lake of Geneva, 6 m. S.
E. Gex, 5 N. Geneva.
Verle Bay, or Green Bay, bay of the Atlantic,
between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Lon.
63° 54' W. Lat. 46° N.
Verte Bay, bay on the N. E. coast of Newfonnd-
lana Lon. 56° W. Lat, 50° 1(V N
U G I
Verlon, t. France, in Lower Loii-e, 4 m. N. E,
Nantes. Pop. 4,033.
Vertus, t. France, in Marne, 15 m. S. W. Cha-
lons sur Marne, 22 S. Reims. Pop. 2,600.
Veruda, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast
oflstria, 4 m. S. Pola.
Verviers, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Wezc-
The inhabitants carry on a considerable traflfic in
cloth. 17 m. E. S. E. Liege. Lon. 5° 53' E. Lat.
50° 36' N. Pop. 10,072.
Verrins, t. France, in Aisne, 4 posts N. N. E.
Laon, 20^ N. Paris. Lon. ^^ 58' E. Lat. 49° 50'
N. Pop. 3,000.
Verzuolo, i. Piedmont, with a castle, 2 m. S. Sa-
luzzo. Pop. 5,000.
Vesoul, city, France, and cap. of Upper Saone,
on a mountain, 5^ posts N. Besancon, 43 S. E. Pa-
ris. Lon. 6° 14' E. Lat. 47° 38' N. Pop. 5,417,
Vesper, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, 36 miles
in circumference, 60 m. W. Pernicious island.
Vesprin, t. Hungary, the see of a bishop, 32 m,
S. S. E. Raab. Lon. 17° 49' E. Lat. 47° 4' N.
Vessel bay, bay of Lake Champlain, in Char-
lotte, Vt.
Vesuvius, a volcanic mountain of Naples, re-
markable for its eruptions, recorded both in an-
cient and modern history. One which happened
in the 79thyear of the Christian sera, overwhelm-
ed the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. In
1794, the lava totally destroyed 5,000 acres of rich
vineyards and cultivated land. 7 m. N. E. Naples.
Velluga,i. Russia, in Kostrom, on a river of the
same name, 140 m. E. Kostrom. Lon. 45° 44' E.
Lat. 58° N.
Vevay, t. Swisserland, near the Lake of Gene-
va, and cap. of the canton of Vaud, 10 m. E. Lau-
sanne. Lon. 6" 48' E. Lat. 46° 30' N. Pop.
4,000.
Vevay, p-t. and cap. Switzerland co. Indiana, is
pleasantly situated on the second bank of Ohio
river, 25 feet 'above high water mark, and is near-
ly equidistant from Cincinnati, Lexington, and
Louis, 45 miles from each. The inhabitants are
emigrants from the Pays de Vaud, in Switzerland.
In 1814, the site of the town was a forest, but io
1817, it contained 84 dwelling houses, a court-
house, jail, market-house, church, printing office,
a library of 300 volumes, and a literary society-
The country in the rear is broken and fertile, and
half a mile below the village are the Swiss vine-
yards, where the culture of the vine has been suc-
cessfully introduced.
Vexin, before the revolution, a country of
France, situated along the river Epte, now inclu-
ded in the departments of the Oise and the Eure.
Vexoe, small isl. Denmark, near the N. coast of
the island of Laland. Lon. 11" 41' E. Lat. 54'
58' N.
Vezelay, t. France, in Yonne, 7 m. W. Avallon.
9 E. Clamecy.
Vezelize, t. France, in Meurte, 12 m. S. Nancy.
13 S. E. Toul , Lon. 6° 1 1' E. Lat. 48° 30' N.
Ujfenheim, t Bavaria, 18 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg,
22 N. N. E. Anspach. Lon. 10° 19' E. Lat. 49° 37'
N. Pop. 1,708.
Inverse, small isl. in the Baltic, E. of Aland.
Lon. 20° 20' E. Lat. 60° 7' N.
Ugento, t. Naples, in Otranto, 16 m. S. W. O-
tranto, 12 S. E. Gallipoli. Lon. 77° 8' E. Lat. 40'
12' N.
Ugie, r. Scotland, which runs into the German
sea, 1 m, N Peterhead. Lon. 1° 47' W. Lst.^
27' N.
L8t.J7^
V I c
V I E
761
Uglwno, small rocky isl. in the Adriatic, near
the coast of Dalmatia, 3 m. W. Zara. Lon. 15°
16' E. Lat. 40° 18' N.
Uglich, t. Russia, in Jaroslavl, on the Volga, 60
m. W. Jaroslavl. Lon. 38° 22' E. Lat. 57" 30' N.
Pop. 5,362.
f^ia Reggia, s-p. Lucca, 20 m. W. Lucca.
Viadana, t. Italy, on the Po, 23 m. S. S. W.
Mantua, 10 S. W. Guastalla.
Viana, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, 16
m. S. W. Estella, 21 N. W. Calahorra. Pop. 3,300j
Viana de Foz de Lima, s-p. Portugal, in Entre
Duero e Minho, on the N. side of the Lima, near
its mouth. 9 m. W. S. VV. Ponte de Lima, 1 1 N.
Oporto. Lon.8°26'W. Lat,41°4l'N. Pop. 7,000.
Vianden, or Wyanden^ t. Netherlands, in Lux-
emburg, on the river Uren, which divides it into
New and Old Town. In the Old town is a castle.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade.
18 m. N. N. E. Luxemburg, 16 N. W. Treves.
Viant7i, or Vyanen, t. Holland, on the S. side
of the Leek, 7 m. S. Utrecht, 30 E. N. E. llolter-
dam.
Viatka, r. Russia, which runs into the Kama, 40
m. E. Kazan.
Viatka, t. Russia, and capital of Viatskoe, 624
m. E. Petersburg, 440 E. N. E. Moscow. Lon.
50" 22' E. Lat. 58= 25' N.
Viatskoe, government of Russia, bounded N. by
Vologda, E. by Permskoe, S. by Uphinskoe and
Kazanskoe, and W. by Kostromskoe. Lon. 46° to
54' E. Lat. 55° 40' to 60" 25' N.
Viazma, t. Russia, in Smolensk, 76 m. E. N. E.
Smolensk. Lon. 24" 26' E. Lat. 55" 20' N.
Viazniki, t. Russia, in Vladimir, on the Kliaz-
ma, 52 m. E. Vladimir. Lon. 41" 50' E. Lat. 56°
10' N.
Viborr,, or Wiboj-g, city, Denmark, cap. of a di-
ocese, and all North Jutland, near the centre of
the province, on a lake. It is the see of a bishop.
186 m. N. Hamburg, 120 N. Sleswick. Lon. 9°
18' E. Lat. 36° 32' N. Pop. 4,000.
Viborg, s-p. Russia, and cap. of a government,
to which it gives name, on the gulf of Finland ;
the see of a bishop. 'I'he fortifications are very
strong. The principal exports are planks, tallow,
pitch, and tar. 360 m. S. W. Archangel, 68 N.
N. W. Petersburg. Lon. 28° 50' E. Lat. 60" 50'
N. Pop. 3,000.
Viboskoi, government, Russia, bounded N. and
W. by Finland, S. by the gulf of Finland, and the
government of Petersburg, and E. by Lake Lado-
ga and the government of Olonetz.
Vic, t. France, in Meurte, 15 m. E. Nancy, 12
N. Luneville. Pop. 2,445.
VicBigorre, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 18
m. E. Pau, 10 N. Tarbe. Lon. 0° 8' E. Lat. 43"
22' N. Fop. 3,026.
Vic en Carladez, or Vie sur la Cere, t. France,
m Cantal, 21 m. W. S. W.St. Flour, 9 N. E. Au-
rillac. Pop. 2,050.
Vic Le Comle, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 m.
3. W. Billom, 10 S. S. E. Clermont.
Vie Fezensac, t. France, in Gers, 12 m. S. Con-
dom. 13 N. W. Auch.
Vicarello, t. Popedom, near the Lake of Brac-
ciano, celebrated for its baths, 3 m. N. W. Brac-
oiano, 17 S. Viterbo.
Vicegrad, or Vissegrad, t. Hungary, near the
Danube, with a castle, formerly the residence of
the kings of Hungary, 9 m. S. S. E. Gran.
Vicenza, province or delegation, Austrian Italy,
n the government of Venice, containing 950 s v
96
miles, and 31 1,C00 inhabitants. Vicenza is the
chief town.
Vicenza, city, Italy, at the union of two smaU
rivers, in a plain, between two hills. Among the
buildings are seen several regular stately palaces,
and other elegant edifices, and 57 churches. 35
m. W. Venice, 40 N. E. Mgintua. Lon. 11° 22' E.
Lat. 45° 31' N. Pop. 4,000.
Vich, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, in
lon. 76° 14'E. lat. 61°20'N.
Vichy, t. France, in Allier, on the AUier. Near
it are some medicinal springs. 3 m. S. VV. Cusset.
Viciola, r. Naples, which runs into the Tronti-
no, at Teramo.
Viciosas, small islands near the coast of Hondu-
ras. Lon. 83" 4' W. Lat. 15° 12' N.
Vico, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of a
bishop, near the sea, 3 m. E. N. E. Sorento, 16
"W. Salerno.
Vico, v. Dalmatia, near the river Norin, in a
marshy spot, wliere the ancient Narona once
stood. 5 m. N. W. Citluc.
Vico, V. Piedmont, 2 m. S. E. Mondovi.
Vicq. See Vic, and Viq.
Victor, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y.
Victoire, or JVoody Island, small isl. in the Chi-
nese sea. Lou. 106" 18' E. Lat. 1" 33' N.
Victoria,smM isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Brasil. Lat. 23" 40' S.
Victory, t. Essex co. Vt. 42m.N.E.Montpelier.
Vid, r. Bulgaria, which runs into the Danube,
10 m. W. Nico}X)li.
Viddin, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Danube, the see of a Greek archbishop, 356 m. N.
VV. Constantinople, 104 E. S. E. Belgrade. Lon,
22" 26' E. Lat. 44° 25' N. Pop. 20,000.
Videpoche. See Carondolet.
Vidigueira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 12 m. N,
E. Beja, 21 S. Evora. Pop. 2,000.
Vielde poncher, L Missouri, on the Mississippi,
6 m. below St. Louis.
Vielleborough, p-v. Caroline co. Va.
Vielsk, t. Russia, in Vologda, on the Vaga, 156
m. N. N. E. Vologda. Lon. 41° 44' E. Lat. 61" 40' N.
Vienna, city and capital of Austria, the see of
an archbishop, on the right side of the Danube,
where it receives a small river, called Vien, which
passes through the city and suburbs, near the site
of the ancient Vindebona. The situation is pleas-
ant, for to the east and north the country around
is entirely level, but to the west and south are seen
a range of mountains, which are thick planted with
trees and vines ; and the Danube, which is here
very wide, divides itself into several arms, forming
many island.*, which are stocked with wood. The
circumference of that which is properly the forti-
fied city of Vienna, is not large, but the suburbs
are extensive. In the city there are numerous
and beautiful palaces : but the streets are narrow
and crooked. Vienna contains 50 churches or
chapels, and 21 convents. The university of Vi-
enna was instituted in the year 1365, and is divi-
ded into four faculties and 4 nations, Austrian,
Saxon, Hungarian, and Rhenish. The library
contains 90,000 volumes. The imperial library
contains at least 300,000 volumes, and a very ex-
tensive and valuable collection of prints, and is
well furnished with useful modern books. It is,
open three or four hours every morning to the
public. The imperial cabinet is rich in medals^
and still more so in natural history. There are
numerous charitable institutions, and in one of the
hospital.s there are annually received 16,000 p>-
762
V I G
tients. The medical academy has a fine appara-
tus, and is a celebrated institution. The manu-
factures of Vienna are numerous, and the trade
extensive. The mortality of this city is thought
to be greater than that of any other place in Eu-
rope ; and it is commonly said that 1 in 20 dies
annually. 175 m. S. Prague. Lon. 16^ 23' E.
Lat. 48' 13' N. Pop. 240,000.
Vienna, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 26 m. N.W.
Augusta. Pop. 417.
Vienna., p-t. and port of entrj', Dorchester co.
Md. on the W. side of the Nanticoke, 15 miles from
its mouth. It contains about 20 houses, and car-
ries on a trade in lumber, corn, and wheat.
Amount of shipping in 1816, 16,360 tons.
Vienna, formerly Bengal, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on
Oneida lake.
Vienna, v. in Phelps, Ontario co. N. Y.
Vienna, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C.
Vienna, t. Green co. Ken. on Green river, 158
m. W. S. W. Lexington.
Vienna,^-i. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Warren.
Vienne, t. France, in Isere, on the left side of
the Rlwne, 10 posts N. Valence, 71 S. S. E. Paris.
Lon. 4" 58' E. Lat. 45° 32' N. Pop. 10,362.
Vienne, r. France, vi^hich rises about 3 miles E.
Tarnac, on the borders of the departments of Cor-
reze and Creuse, and joins the Loire in Indre-and-
Loire, about 5 m. above Saumur.
Vienne, department, France, bounded N. and
N. E. by Indre-and-Loire, E. by Indre, S. byCha-
rente and Upper Vienne, and W. by 'Two Sevres.
Pop. 253,048. Poitiers is the capital.
Vienne, (Upper,) department, France, bounded
N. by Vienne and Indre, E. by Creuse, S. W. by
Dordogne, and W. by Charente. Pop. 243,195.
Limoges is the capital.
Vieringen, or Wieringen, island in the Zuyder
See, 6 miles long. 6 m. S. E. from the Texel.
Vierraden, i. Prussian States, on theWelse, near
its union with the Oder, 24 m. S. E. Prenzlow, 30
N.W.Custrin.
Vierzon, t. France, in Cher, near the conflux of
theEureand Cher, 11 posts S. Orleans, 2.5 i S.
Paris. Lon. 2° 9' E. Lat. 47" 13' N. Pop. 5,755.
Viesti, t. Naples, in Capitanata, on the coast of
the Adriatic, the see of a bishop, 29 m. N. N. E.
Manfredonia, 120 N. E. Naples. Lon. 33" 52' E.
Lat. 41° 56' N. Pop. 4,719.
Vieux MarchSf t. France, in North Coast, 8 m.
S. Lannion, 12 W. N. W. Guingamp. Pop.
3,515.
Vif, t. France, in Is&re, 9 m. S. Grenoble. Pop.
2,260.
Vig, r. Russia, which passes through Lake Vig,
and runs into the White sea, 20 m. S. Kemi.
Vigan, (JLe,) t. France, in Gard, 36 m. W, N.
W. Nismes, 23 S. W. Alais. Lon. 3° 40' E. Lat.
43" 59' N. Pop. 3,848.
Viger, isl. in the North sea, on the coast of Nor-
way, 10 miles round. Lon. 6° 30' E. Lat. 62"
35' N.
Vigevano, t. Sardinian States, on the Tesin, the
see of a bishop. 13 m. S. E. Novara, UN. E.
Lumello. Lon. 8" 53' E. Lat. 45" 19' N. Pop.
11,758.
Vignot, t. France, in Meuse, on the Meuse, 17
m. E. Bar le Due, 24 S. S. E. Verdun. Lon. 5°
41' E. Lat. 48" 46' N.
Vigo, s-p. Spain, inGalicia, on a bay of the At-
lantic, defended by a fort. 12 m. N. N. W. Tuy,
38 W. S. W. Orense. Lon. 8" 43' W. Lat. 42" 14'
N. Pop. 5,000.
V I L
Vigo, CO. Indiana, in the N. W. comer of Hie
State, on both sides of the Wabash.
Vigone, t. Sardinian States, 14 m. S. S. W. Tu-
rin, 6 W. Carmagnola. Pop. 5,300.
Vigten, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
Norway. Lon. 1 1" 10' E. Lat. 64" 55' N.
Vihiers, t. France, in Mayne and Loire, 20 m.
S. Angers, 20 W. Saumur. Lon. 0" 27' W. Lat.
47" 9' N.
Vilaine, r. France, which rises near Mayenne,
and runs into the Atlantic, 9 miles below Ber-
nard.
Vililla, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the left side of
the Ebro, 27 m. S. E. Saragossa.
Villa, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Brazil. Lat. 20° 9' S.
Villa Boa, t. Brasil, and capital of the govern-
ment of Goyas, 450 m. N. W. Rio Janeiro. Lon.
51" 24' W. Lat. 17" S.
Villa do Camo, t. Brasil, in Minas Geraes, 20
m. E. N. E. Villa Rica. Lon. .44° 30' W. Lat. 20*
20' S.
Villa de Conde, s-p. Portugal, in Entre Duero e
Minho, on the N. side of the river Aue, 14 m. N.
Oporto. Lon. 8° 21' E. Lat. 41" 23' N. Pop. 3,000.
Villa Franca, t. Italy, 13 m. N. Mantua, 9 S. W.
Verona.
Pllla Franca, t. Spain, in Cordova, 13 m. N. E.
Cordova.
Villa Franca,s-'p. and capital of St. Michael, one
of the Azores Islands. It is the most ancient town
in the whole island ; and so called from its being
at first a free port. Before its harbour lies au isl-
and, about a mile in circumference, and towards
the sea the town is defended by a fort and some
other works. It consists of 1,813 hearths, has two
parish churches and two convents.
Villa Franca, s-p. town, in the kingdom of Sar-
dinia, and county of Nice, with two castles.
The harbour is sheltered by some lofty hills,
founded in 1295, by Charles II. king of Naples,
who was earl of Provence : the citadel was
built by Duke Emanuel Philibert. In 1691,
it was taken by the French, who kept it till 1696,
when it was restored to Savoy. In 1705, it was
again taken by the French, and the garrison, after
a brave defence and honourable capitulation,
conducted to Saorgio. In 1744, the king of Sar-
dinia, who was strongly entrenched near the town,
at the head of 20,000 men, was attacked by the
French and Spaniards, and compelled to embark
on board the English fleet, and with his troops re-
tire to Vado. In 1747, it was taken by the Mare-
schal Belleisle. In the year 1792, it was again ta-
ken by the French. 3 m. E. Nice.
Villa Franca de Panades, t. Spain, in Catalonia.
20 m. S. W. Barcelona, 24 N. E. Tarragona. Pop.
4,800.
Villa Franca de Xira, t. Portugal, in Estrema-
dura, on the N. side of the Tagus, 15 m. N. E. Lis-
bon. Pop. 2,902.
Villa Harta, t. Spain, in New Castile, on the
Guadiana, 36 m. W. Civdad Real, 21 S. S. W.
Toledo.
Villa Hertnosa, or Dilla de Mosa, t. Mexico, iu
the province of 'Tabasco, on a river navigable by
boats to Tabasco ; chiefly inhabited by Indians.
56 m. S. W. Tabasco, 60 N. E. Chiapa. Lon. 94'
16' W. Lat. 17° 40' N.
Villa de Horta, s-p. Fayal, one of the Azores Isl-
ands, Lon. 28" 36' W. Lat. 38" 32' N.
Villa d^Iglesias, or Villa di Glesia, t. Sardinia,
V 1 L
V I L
763
aiid see of a bishop, 36 m. S. W. Cagliari. Lon.
8° 42' E. Lat. 39° 28' N.
Villa Joiosa, or Joysa, t. Spain, in Valencia, on
the coast of the Mediterranean, 18 m. N. N. E. Ali-
cant. Pop. 4,800.
Villa Major, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the coast
of the Atlantic, 27 m. S. W. St. Jago.
Villa JVbta dfAsti, t. in the kingdom of Sardi-
nia, so called, because it was built by the in-
habitants of Asti, from the ruins of some neigh-
bouring villages ; and when they understood the
advantages of its situation, they surrounded it with
walls, bastions, ramparts, deep fosses filled with
water, half-moons, and other works. It has be-
sides two ancient towers, and two churches. 1 1
m. E. Turin, 1 1 W. Asti.
Villa JVova da Cetera^ t. Portugal, on the S.side
jof the Minho, near its mouth, in Entre Duero e
Minho, 27 m. N. N. W. Braga, 45 N. Oporto.
Lon. 8" 2T W. Lat. 4r55' N.
Villa J^ova de Portimao, s-p. town, on the S.
coast of Portugal, in Algarve. It is a fortified
town, seated on a river, which forms a spacious
and secure harbour, about half a mile in breadth,
and three fathoms deep. It is defended by the
forts of Santa Catharina and St. Joao ; the sand-
banks in it render the entrance very dangerous
without the assistance of a pilot. This town was
built in the year 1463, and contains above 1,600
inhabitants, one parish church, one casa da mise-
ricordia, one hospital, and one convent, besides a
college in one of the suburbs. 9 m. E. N. E. La-
gos, 42 VV. Tavira. Lon. 8° 28' W. Lat. 37" 5' N.
Pop. 3,463.
Villa J^oca de Porto, t. Portugal, in Entre Du-
ero e Minho, on the left side of the Duero, oppo-
site Oporto. Pop. 2,899.
Villa J^uera, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast
of the Mediterranean, 24m.W. Barcelona.
Villa Real, t. Portugal, in Tra los Montes, 9 m.
N. Lamego, 21 S. W. Mirandela. Pop. 6,000.
Villa Real, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. E. Se-
gorbe. Pop. 6,750.
Villa del Rey, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 12 m.
N. Badajos.
Villa Rica,or Mariana, t. Brasil, and cap. of the
juirsdictionof Minas Geraes, 150 m. N. Rio Jan-
eiro. Lon. 44° 36' W. Lat. 20° 25' S. Pop.
20,000.
Villa Vella de Rodao, t. Portugal, in Estrema-
dua, 17 m. S. S. W. Castel Branco.
Villa Vicosa, or Villa Visoca, or Villa Viciosa,
t. Portugal, in Aleutejo, 97 m. N. E. Evora, 27 W.
Badajos, in Spain. Lon. T 12* W. Lat. 38° 39' N.
Pop. 3,732.
Villa Viciosa, s-p. Spain, in Asturias, at the
bottom of a bay of the Atlantic, 30 m. N. E. Ovie-
do, 60 W. Santillana.
Villacarillo, t. Spain, in Jaen. Pop. 6,400.
Villach, t. Austrian States, and cap. of a circle
in the new kingdom of lUyria, on the right side of
the Drave, 18 m. W. Clagenfurt, 26 S. S. W.
Muehrau. Lon. 13" 39' E. Lat. 46° 43' N. Pop.
3,200.
Village Bay, bay on the W. coast of Africa. Lat.
14° 25' S.
Village Hill, p-v. Nottaway co. Va.
Villaine, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. E. N. E.
Maycnne. Lon. 0" 11' W. Lat. 48° 21' N.
Villalar, t. Spain, in Leon, 12 m. N. N. W. Ri-
dseco.
Villfindrauf, or fCillandradef^ t. Ilmce,^ in Gi-
ronde, 8 m. W. N. W. Bazas, 12 S. Cadillac. Pop.
2,177.
Villarino, t. Spain, in Leon, on the E. side of
the Duero, 38 m. W. Salamanca.
Villaseca, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast of
the Mediterranean, 6 m. W. Tarragona.
Villefort, t. France, in Lozere, 20 m. E. Mende,
20 N. Alais. Lon. 3° 59' E. Lat. 44" 27' N.
Ville Fraruhe, t. France, in Aveiron, 24 m. W.
Rhodez, 26 N. Alby. Lon. 2° 7' E. Lat. 44°
21' N. Pop. 10,000,
Villefranche, t, France, in Upper Garonne, on
the Garonne, 18 m. S. E. Toulouse, 30 N. W.
Carcassonne. Lon. 1° 49' E. Lat. 43" 24' N. Pop.
2,032.
Villefranche, t. France, in Rhone and Loire, on
the right bank of the Rhone, 3^ posts N. Lyons, 58
S. S. E, Paris. Lon. 4° 48' E. Lat. 46° 7' N.
Villefranche de Conjians, t. France, iu Eastern
Pyrenees, 27 m. W. S. W. Perpignan.
Villefranche de Perigord, t. France, in Dor-
dogne, 36 m. S. S. E. Perigueux, 18 S. Sarlat.
Villemur, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m.
N. Toulouse.
Villena, t. Spain, in Murcia, 41 m. N. N. E.
Murcia, 56 S. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 1° 2' W. Lat.
38° 35' N.
Villeneuve, t. Switz. in Berne, at the E. extrem,-
ity of the lake of Geneva, 15 m, E. S. E. Lau-
sanne, 38 S. S. W. Berne. Lon. 6° 46' E. Lat. 46°
25' N.
Villeneuve, t. France, in Aveiron, 6 m. N. Vil-
lefranche, 9 S. Figeac. Pop. 3,104.
Villeneuve d'Agen, t. France, in Lot and Ga-
ronne, 12 m. N. Agen, 23 E. Marmande. Lon. 0°
48' E. Lat. 44° 24' N. Pop. 5, 1 1 8.
Villeneuve lez Avignon, t. France, in Gard, on
the W. side of the Rhone, opposite Avignon, 21
m. N. E. Nismes. Pop. 3,300.
Villeneuve de Berg, t. France, in Ardeche, 12
m. S. Privas, 10 VV. Montelimart. Lon. 4° 35' E.
Lat. 44° 32' N. Pop. 2,1.16.
Villeneuve le Roy, or Villeneuve sur Yonne, t.
France, in Yonne, on the Yonno, 2 posts N. VV.
Joigny, 15 S. Paris. Pop. 4,605.
Villenouretle, t. France, in Herault, on the Orb,
3 m. N. VV. Beziers.
Villereal, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 7 m.
N. Monflanquin. Pop. 2,577.
Villers Caitchies, or Villersen CoucM, v. France,
in North, 5 m. N. E. Cambray.
Villers Colterets, t. France, in Aisne, 12 m. S.
W. Soissons, 15 N. W. Chateau Thierry. Pop.
2,400.
Villette d'' Anton, t. France, in Isere, on the
Rhone, 12 m. E. Lyons.
Villimpenla, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. E. Man-
tua.
Villingen, t. Baden, well defended by nature
and art. 52 m. S. S. W. Stuttgart, 22 S. Freu-
denstatt. Lon. 8° 26' E. Lat. 48° 4' N. Pop.
3,316.
Vilmanstrand, or Wibnansirand, t. Russia, in
Viborg, 40 m. N. N. W. Viborg, 100 N. N. W.
Petersburg. Lon. 27° 26' E. Lat. 61° 20' N.
Vils, r. Bavaria, wliich runs into the Nab, at
Kalmunz.
Vils Biburg, t. Bavaria, 8 m. S. E. Landshut,
36 N. E. Munich.
Vilshofen, t. Bavaria, at the conflux of the Vils
with the Danube, 11m. W. Passau, 72 E. N. E.
Munich. Lon. 13° W E. Lat. 48° 29' N. Pop.
1,592.
'''Iilr
V I o
Viluiskoi, (Ust,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at Uie
conflux of the Vilui and Lena. 128 m. N. W.
Yakutsk. Lon. 126" 14' E. Lat. 63" 50' N.
Filvorde, or Filkforte, t. Netherlands, on the
Senne, 6 m. S. Malines, 6 N. Brussels, Pop.
Vim, r. Russia, which runs into the Vitchegda,
near Lialskoi, in Ustiug.
Vimioso,, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 15 m.
W. N. W. Miranda de Duero, 16 S. E. Braganca.
Lon. 6° 14' E. Lat. 41° 29' N.
FimouHer, t. France, in Orne, on the Vie, 15
m. N. E. Argcntan, 15 E, Falaise. Pop, 3,093.
Vinalkaven^ t. Hancock co. Maine, ou the Fox
islands in Penobscot bay, 13 m. S. Castine. Pop.
1,052.
Vinaros, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the coast of
the Mediterranean, 5 m. N. Peniscola. Pop.
9,000.
Vinay, t. France, in Isere, 4 m. S. St. Marcelin,
12 W. Grenoble. Pop. 2,407.
Fincelot, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 35 m. E. Que-
bec.
Vincennes, 't. France, 1 post E. Paris.
Vincenmsy seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can-
ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 9 m. E.
Quebec.
Vincennesy p-t. and cap. Knox co. Indiana, and
the largest town in the State, is on the E. bank of
the Wabash, 100 miles from its junction with the
Ohio in a direct line, but nearly 2C)0 by the course
of the river, 120 W. N. W. Louisville, 150 N. E.
Kaskaskia, 140 E. St. Louis. Vincennes was set-
tled about a century ago by the French from
Lower Canada, many of whom intermarried with
the Indians, and gradually approximated to the
;?avage state. Within a few years American em-
igrants have flocked hither in great numbers, and
the society is rapidly improving. In 1810 the
population was 883, and in 1818 the town con-
tained 250 dwelling-houses and stores, a hand-
some brick court-house, a land oilice, a bank with
a capital of 1 1,500,000, a library of 700 volumes,
a Roman Catholic chapel, 2 market houses, 2
printing offices, and a college. The college is not
yet in operation, but it has been endowed by Con-
gress with a township of land, containing 23,040
acres, said to be worth, on an average, 10 dollars
an acre ; and a large brick building has been al-
ready erected.
Vincent, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Schuylkill.
Pop. 1,630,
Vincent Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, at
the entrance into Portlock's harbour. Lon. 136°
30' W. Lat. 57° 48' N.
Vineyard, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on isle Motte,
in Lake Champlain, 28 m, N, Burlington. Pop.
338.
Vineyard, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Vingorla, t. Hind, in Concan, 22 m. N. N. W.
Goa. Lon. 73° 27' E. Lat. 15°53'N.
Uintnarsuck, isl. near the coast of East Green-
land. Lon. 45° 45' W. Lat. 60° 40' N.
Vintain, or Bintain, t. Africa, and cap, of the
kingdom of Fonia, on a river of the same name,
which runs into the Gambia.
Vintimiglia, seaport, Sardian States, defended
by a castle. It is tlie see of a bishop. 13 m. N. E.
Nice, 18 S. W. Oneglia. Lon. 7° 33' E. Lat. 43''
48' N.
Viola, r. Spain, in Guipuscoa, which runs into
The aea, at Cumaja. :u*,.Wi>!.v
V I K
Violet, t. J'airfield co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Lan-
caster.
Vipalanka, or Uj Palanka, fort, Hungary, 50
m. S. Temesvar, 36 E. Belgrade. Lon. 21° E.
Lat. 45° N.
Vique, or Vicq, t. Spain, in Catalonia ; the see
of a bishop, 22 m. W. S. W. Gerona, 31 N. Bar-
celona. Lon. 2° 8' E. Lat. 41° 54' N. Pop. 8,400.
Vire, r. France, which runs into the English
channel between the departments of the Channel
and the Calvados.
Vire, t. France, in Calvados, 27 m. S. W. Caen,
25 W. Falaise. Lon. 0° 48' W. Lat. 48°51' N. Pop.
7,325.
Vire, or Malraca, cape, Arabia, on the coast of
the Indian sea, 16 m. N. N. E. Hassek.
Virgil, p-t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Homer.
155 W. Albany. Pop. 913.
Virgin Islands, a cluster of islands in the W.
Indies, to the E. of Porto Rico ; they are upwards
of 20 in number, but for the most part desert and
barren, and extend 60 miles in length, and up-
wards of 36 in breadth. They are dangerous to
navigators. They belong principally to the Eng-
lish and Danes, but the Spaniards claim those
near Porto Rico. The names of the principal isl-
ands are Virgin Gorda, Tortola, St. Thomas' isl-
and, St. John, and Santa island, or St. Croix. The
three last belong to the Danes. The Wesleyan
Methodists have 3 missionaries in these islands.
Virgin Rocks, rocks in the Atlantic, 60 m. S. E.
Cape Race, on the coast of Newfoundland. Lon.
50° W. Lat. 46° 20' N.
P 'irginia, one of the U. States, bounded N. by
Pennsylvania ; N. E. by Maryland ; E. by the At-
lantic; S. by North-Carolina and Tennessee; W.
by Kentucky and Ohio. It lies between 36° 30'
and 40° 43' N. lat. and between 75° 25' and 83°
40' W. lon. It is 370 miles long, and contains
about 64,000 sq. miles. Pop. in 1790, 747,610;
in 1800, 886,149 ; and in 1810, 974,622, of whom
551,534 were whites, 392,518 slaves, and 30,570
free blacks. Militia in 1821, 88,915.
The Alleghany mountains pass through the
western part of the State from S. W. to N. E.
The Blue Ridge is east of the Alleghany range,
and runs parallel with it, dividing the State into
two parts nearly equal. In regard to soil, Virgin-
ia may be divided into four zones, essentially dif-
ferent from each other. The first, extending
frcm the sea-coast to the termination of tide-water
at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &;c. is low and flat,
sometimes fenny, sometimes sandy, and on the
margins of the rivers composed of a rich loam,
covered with a luxuriant and even rank vegeta-
tion. This zone has been formed by a compara-
tively recent alluvion ; marine shells and bones
are every where found near the surface of the
earth. 'This part of the State is unhealthy in the
months of August, September and October. — The
next division extends from the head of tide- water
to the Blue Ridge. The surface near tide-water
is level; higher up the rivers it becomes swell-
ing; and near the mountains often abrupt and
broken. The soil is divided into sections of very
unequal quality, parallel to each other, and ex-
tending across the State. The parallel of Ches-
terfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c. is a thin, sandy,
and, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil.
That of Goochland, Cumberland, Prince Edward,
Halifax, &c. is generally fertile. Fluvanna, Buck-
ingham, Campbell, and Pittsylvania, again, are
V I R
poor ; and Culpepper, Orange, Albemarle, Bed-
ford, &;c. have a rich, though frequently a stony
and broken soil, on a substratum of tenacious, red-
colored clay. The scenery of the upper part of
this section is highly picturesque and romantic.
The third region is the valley between the Blue
Ridge and North and Alleghany mountains; a
valley, which extends with little interruption,
from the Potomac, across the State, to North-
Carolina and Tennessee, narrower, but of great-
er length than either of the preceding zones.
The soil is a mould, formed on a bed of limestone,
which often appears above the surface, in veins
parallel to the mountains, and making every pos-
sible angle with the horizon. The surface of this
valley is sometimes broken by sharp and solitary
mountains, detached from the general chain, the
sides of which, nearly bare, or but thinly covered
with blasted pines, form disagreeable objects in
the landscape. The bed of the valley is fertile,
producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat, rye,
oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, Sic. The fourth and
last division extends from the Alleghany moun-
tains to the Ohio river, a country wild and broken,
in some places fertile, but generally barren. Here
are mines of lead, iron, coal and salt.
A Literary fund has recently been created by
the State, consisting of monies received from the
U. States for military services during the late
war, which amounted in December 1818, to
$1,114,159, to which is to be added a balance still
due from the U. States. The interest of this sum,
with the addition of the revenue arising from
fines, Ibrfeitures, and escheats, which has also
been appropriated to this object, will, in the opin-
ion of the Directors, yield an annual income little
short of $90,000. Of this sum $45,000 have been
appropriated by the legislature to the support of
primary schools, and $15,000 to a University.
The :University is located at Charlottesville in
Albemarle co. The plan contemplates 10 profes-
sors. The buildings for the accommodation of
the institution are to be finished in 1821. They
consist of ten paviilions for the professors, 5 hotels
for dieting the students, and a sixth for the use of
the proctor, with 104 dormitories, sufficient for
lodging 208 students. According to the report of
i:he Rector in 1820, the sums expended upon the
buildings will consume all the income of the Uni-
yersity for seven years to come, so that the institu-
don cannot commence its operations till 1828, un-
less further grants are made by the legislature.
The other colleges in Virginia are William and
Mary college at Williamsburg, Washington col-
Jiege at Lexington, and Hampden Sidney college
;n Prince Edward county. Besides the literary
fund, there is a fund for internal improvement,
inderthe direction of a Board of Public Works,
which amounted in Nov. 1818, to $1,537,561,
and which has already promoted the construction
<)f various canals. The Board have recently re-
jDorted in favor of the practicability of a canal con-
necting James river with the Ohio.
In respect to charactei", the Blue Ridge divides
he Virginians into two classes. Those east of the
ridge, embracing about three-fourths of the whole
jX)pulation, are chiefly of English descent ; those
•west of the Ridge are descendants of the Scotch -
Jriih, that is, of emigrants Irom the north of Ire-
land. The former were originally Episcopalians,
the latter, Presbyterians. Among the former,
slaves are as numerous as whites ; among the lat-
• er, there are «even whites to ©na slave. In 1817,
V I T
765
the Baptists had 314 congregations in the State ;
the Presbyterians 41 ordained ministers ; and the
Episcopalians 34 ministers. There were besides
many Methodists and Friends, and some Luthe-
rans and Roman Catholics.— The legislature is
composed of a senate and house of representa-
tives. The senate consists of 24 members, who
are chosen for 4 years, one-fourth being chosen
yearly. The representatives are chosen annual-
ly two irom each county, and one from several cit-
ies and boroughs. The governor is chosen annu-
ally by joint ballot of both houses, and can hold
the office but 3 years in 7.
The staple productions of Virginia are tobacco
and wheat. The value of the exports for the year
ending Sept. 30th, 1820, was $4,557,957, of which
all except $8,829 was domestic produce. The
value of the manufactures in 1810 was estimated
at $15,263,473. The amount of shipping in 1816,
was 70,361 tons.
Firieu, t. France, in Isere, 6 m. S. S. E. ia
Tour du Pin, 11 N. Meirans, Pop. 4,069.
Firiville, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. N. N. W. St
Marcellin, 18 S. E. Vienne.
Firnenburg, t. Prussian States, 20 m. W. Cob-
lentz. Lon. 6" 58' E. Lat. 50° 27' N.
Firtz, lake, Russia, 40 miles in circumference,
96 m. N. N. E. Riga.
Fisagapatam, t. Hind, in the circar of Cicacole,
on the coast. Near the town is a pagoda dedica-
ted to monkies, which abound in the neighbour-
hood. The London Society have 3 missionaries
here. 50 m. S. W. Cicacole, 100 N. E. Raja-
mundry. Lon. 83° 30' E. Lat. 17° 40' N.
Fiscardo, seaport on the N. coast of Cephalon-
ia, opposite the island of Teaki.
Fischer'' s Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
near the E. coast of Morty. Lon. 128° 39' E. Lat.
2°21'N.
Fischma, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, 268 m. S. W.
Tobolsk. Lon. 60° 14' E. Lat. 62° 36' N.
Fischneivologok, t. Russia, in Tver, 60 m. N.
W. Tver. Lon. 34° 54' E. Lat. 57° 8' N.
Fiset, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the E. side
of the Mouse, 6 m, S. Maestricht, 8 N. Liege.
Fiseu, t. Portugal, in Beira, the see of a bishop.
27 m. S. Lamego, 14 N. E. Coimbra. Lon. 7° 46'
W. Lat. 40" 45' N. Pop. 5,000.
Fisiapour, city. Hind, and capital of a country,
to which it gives name. 306 m. N. Seringapa-
tam, 384 N. W. Madras. Lon. 75° 27' E. Lat. 17"
28' N.
Fisokich, t Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 8
m. N. N. W. Orlenga.
Uist, J\''orth, one of the western islands of Scot-
land, about 20 miles from E. to W. and 8 to 16
from N. to S. ; 13 m. W. from the island of Skye.
Lon. 7° W. Lat. 52° 42' N. Pop. 3,773.
Uisi, South, one of the western islands of Scot-
land, about 20 miles from N. to S. and from 6 to 8
wide; about 20 m. W. from the island of Skye,
Lon. 7° 20' W. Lat. 57° 12' N. Pop. 4,825.
Fistritza, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Vistriza, 16 m. E. S. E. Edessa, in Macedonia.
Fistrisa, r. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, which
runs into the Varder, 25 m. N. W. Saloniki.
Fistula, r. which rises in the S. E. part of Sile-
sia, passes by Cracow, Sandomirz, Warsaw, Wla-
dislaw. Thorn, Culm, &c. and runs into the Bal*
tic, at Dantzic.
Fitegra, t. Russia, in Olonetz, 88 m. E. Olonetz^
Lon. 35° 44' E. Lat. 60" 55' N.
Fitepsk, t. Russia, in Polotsk, on the Duna, 56
t^
U L E
U M B
m. E. S. E. Polotsk. Lon. 30° 50' E. Lat. 55°
15' N.
Fiterbo, t. Popedom, and cap. of the Patrimonio,
the see of a bishop. 34 m. N. N. W. Rome, 18 S.
Orvieto. Lon. 12° 6' E. Lat. 42" 25' N. Pop.
15,000.
Fitimskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena.
Lon. 112° 34' E. Lat. 59° 5'N.
Vitre, t. France, in lUe and Vilaine, on the
Vilaine, 19 m. E. Rennes, 18 W. Laval. Lon. 1°
9' W. Lat. 48° 8' N. Pop. 8,809.
Vitry le Brule, t. France, in Marne, 3 m. N. E.
Vitry le Francois.
Vitry^ le Francois, t. France, in Marne, on the
Marne, 16 m. S. E. Chalons sur Marne, 15 W. N.
W. St. Dizier. Lon. 4° 38' E. Lat. 48° 43' N. Pop.
6,925.
Vitteaux, t. France, in Coted'Or, 9 m. S. E. Se-
mur en Auxois, 21 VV. Dijon. Pop. 2,019.
Vittoria, t. Spain, in Alava. It has considera-
ble trade in wine and wool, and manufactures of
sword-blades. 42 m. S. S. W. St. Sebastian, 40
W.Pamplona. Lon.2°41' W. Lat.42°47'N. Pop.
6,500.
ViUoria, La, t Sicily, 20 m. N. W. Modica,
35 W. Syracuse. Lon. 14° 38' E. Lat. 36° 55' N.
Vittoriosa, or Citta Vittoriosa, or II Borgo, for-
tified t. MsJta, on a narrow neck of land, to the
leftofValetta. Pop. 3,000.
Fiu, t. Sardinian States, on the Stura, 14 m. N.
W. Turin. Pop. 3,000.
Vivero, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the river Vivc-
ro or Landrovo, which runs into the sea.
Vivien, t. France, in Ardeche, on the right
bankoftlie Rhone. Before the revolution, cap-
ital of a province, called Vivarais, 16 m. S. S. E.
Privas, 15 S. E. Aubenas. Lon. 4° 46' E. Lat. 44"
29' N. Pop. 1,892.
Fivonne, t. France, in Vicnue, 6 m. E. Lusig-
nan, 9 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,059.
Fix, t. France, in Vendee, 6 m. S. Fontcnay le
Comtc, 14 E. S. E. Lucon. Pop. 2,034.
Fisagapatam. See Fisagajiatam.
Fizianagram, t. Hind, in Cicacole, 108 m. N.
E. Rajamundry. Lon. 83° 36' E. Lat. 18° 5' N.
Fisini, t. Sicily, 20 m. N. W. Syracuse. Lon.
14° 53' E. Lat. 37° 2' N. Pop. 10,000.
Ukenskoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflux
ofthelrtisch and the Oby, 196 m. N. Tobolsk.
Lon. 69° 14' E. Lat. 61° 10' N.
UkiJiskoi, cape, Russia, on the E. coast of Kamt-
chatka. 60 m. N. E. Udinskoi. Lon. 162° E. Lat.
58° 36' N.
Ukipen, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 21 1°
E. Lat. 64° 22' N.
Ukraine, a name given to a very fertile coun-
try, on both sides of the river Dnieper, now a part
of the Russian government of Ekaterinoslav.
Fladimir, t. Russia, and capital of a govern-
ment at the conflux of the Kliazma and the Nerl,
100 m. E. Moskow, 408 S. E. Petersburg. Lon.
40" 22' E. Lat. 55° 50' N.
Fladimirskoe, government, Russia, bounded N.
by Jaroslavl and Kostrom, E. by Nizegorod, S. by
Tambov and Riazan, W. by Moskovskaia and
Tverskoe. Lon. 38° to 43° E. Lat. 55" 20' to 57°
10' N. Pop. 1,066,100.
Ulai, in Sac. Geog. r. Persia, near Susa.
Flardingen, or Flaerdingen, t. Holland, on the
N. side of the Meuse, 2 m. W. Schiedam. Pop.
5,625.
Vlea, or Ulaborg, seaport, Russia, on a penin-
sula, at the mouth of a river of the same name,
which runs into the gulf of Bothnia. It has a
commodious harbour, and a fine salmon fishery.
320 m. N. Abo. Lon. 25" 23' E. Lat. 65° 40' N.
Pop. 3,222.
Ulea, r. Russia, which runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, in lon. 25° 22' E. lat. 65° 2' N.
Ulfen, seaport, Sweden, in Angermanland, on
the gulf of Bothnia, 25 m. N. N. E. Hernosand.
U/fon, Js'orth and South, 2 small islands on the
W. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 18° 27' E.
Lat. 63° 2' N.
Flieland, or Flielant, isl. in the German sea, at
the entrance of the Zuyder See, 8 miles long, 5
m. N. from the Texel. Lon. 4° 25' E. Lat. 53°
24' N.
Ulielea, one of the Society islands, in the South
Pacific ocean. The productions and manners of
the inhabitants are similar to those of Otaheile.
The S. extremity of the island lies in lon. 181° 20'
W. lat. 16° 65' S.
Ullapool, seaport, Scotland, in Ross-shire, at
the moutli of a river which runs into Loch Broom.
Lon. 5" 1' W. Lat. 57° 52' N.
Ullo, small isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Lapland. Lat. 69° 32' N.
Ulm, city, Germany, in the kingdom of Wur-
temberg, situated on the Danube. This city is
well fortified ; the magistracy and principal part
of the inhabitants are Lutherans. The cathedral
is one of the largect, and its Gotliic tower is es-
teemed one of the loftiest in Germany. 45 m. S.
E. Stuttgard, 60 N Munich. Lon. 9° 59' E, Lat.
48°24'N. Pop. 12,400.
Ulotho, or Ulolhow, t. Prussian States, in West-
phalia, 6 m. S. Mjnden, 14 E. N. E. Hertford. Lon.
8° 45' E. Lat. 52° 6' N. Pop. 1,500.
Ulrichen, v. Germany, 8 m. N. E. Munster.
Ulricshamn, or Ulricahamn, t. Sweden, 47 m. E.
Gothenburg, 24 W. Jonkiopmg. Lon. 13° 19' E.
Lat. 57° 48' i\.
Ulster, province, Ireland, containing the coun-
ties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone,
Fermanagh, Monaghan, Armagh, Down, and Ca*
van.
Ulster, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Greene co. E.
by the Hudson, S. by Orange co. and W. by Del-
aware co. Pop. 26;576. Chief town, Kingston.
Ulster, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 627.
Ultzen, or Ueltzen, t. Hanover, in the principal-
ity of Luneburg, on the Ilmenau, 20 m. S. S. E.
Lunebur«-, 32 N. E. Zell. Lon, 8° 22' E. Lat. 52°
58' N. Pop. 2,400.
Ulva, one of the western islands of Scotland, 7
miles in circumference, near the W. coast of Mull.
Lon. 6° 13' W. Lat. 56° 28' N.
Uherston, t. England, in Lancashire, near the
mouthof the Dudden, and approachable by ves-
sel? of 150 tons, at high water. 16 m. S. W. Ken-
dal, 267 N. N. W. London. Lon. 3° W. Lat. 54°
8' N. Pop. 3,378.
Ulysses, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. on Cayuga
lake, 14 m. S. E. Ovid, 180 W. Albany. Pop.
3,250. In this town is Ithaca, the capital of the
county.
Umago, seaport, Istria, 16 m. E. Venice, 18 S.
S. W. Trieste. Lon. 13° 43' E. Lat. 45° 35' N.
Umbagog, Lake, partly in Maine and partly in
New Hampshire. It is 20 miles long, 10 broad in
the widest part, and discharges its waters into
Margallaway river.
Umbriatico, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, the see
of a bishop, 57 m. E. Cosenza, 101 N. N. E. Reg-
gio. Lon. 17° 6' E. Lat. 39° 27' N.
U N I
U N I
767
Umea, seaport, Sweden, at the mouth of a river
of the same name, on the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20"
4' E. Lat. 63° 52' N.
Ummants, small isl. in the Baltic, near the W.
coast of the island of Rugen. Lon. 13° 14' E. Lat.
54" 30' N.
Umstadt, t. Hesse Darmstadt, 10 m. E. Darm-
stadt, 30 N. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,250.
Uiiadilla, r. N. Y. which separates the counties
of Chenango and Otsego, and runs into the Sua-
quehaunah.
Unadilla, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Susque-
hannah, 34 m. S. W. Cooperstown, 100 W. Alba-
ny. Pop. 1,426.
Unaka, mountains of the U. States, between
Tennessee and N. Carolina.
Unalashka. See Oonalashka.
Unckel, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, on
the right bank of the Rhine, 2 m. N. Lintz, 24 S.
E.Cologne. Pop. 1,500.
Undtrhill, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 15 m. N. E.
Burlington. Pop. 490.
Underwalden, or Utilerwalden, canton, Switz.
bounded N. by Lucern and Waldstatter lake, E.
by mountains which separate it from Uri, S. by
Bern, and W. by Lucern. U measures about 24
miles each way. Pop. 21,200. The inhabitants
are universally Roman Catholics.
Ungha, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, 76 m. S. Ca-
iroan.
UngvaTy t. and fort, Hungary, on the Ung, 22
m. N. Munckacz, 46 E. Caschau.
Union, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 29 m. N. E. Wis-
casset, 190 from Boston.
Union, t. Tolland co. Ct. 33 m. N. E. Hartford.
Pop. 752.
Union, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Susquehan-
nah, 6 m. W. Chenango point, 140 W. Catskill.
Pop. 987.
Union, p-v. in Greenwich, Washington co. N.
Y. on the Battenkill, 34 m. iN. Albany. Pop. 500.
It contains an academy, 2 churches, and exten-
sive cotton and other manufactories.
Union, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 1,428.
Union, co. Pa. lormed from part of Northumber-
land CO.
Union, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. on Redstone creek.
It contains a court-house and jail. Pop. 2,066.
14 m. S. by E. Brownville, 58 S. Pittsburg.
Union, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 706.
{ nion, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,114.
Union, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Union, co. S. C. At the court-house is a post-
office.
Union, co. Kentucky.
Union, co. Ohio, between Logan and Delaware
counties, formed in 1820, from the Indian reserva-
tion.
Union, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 7 m. W. St. Clairs-
ville. Pop. in 1819, 1,425.
Union, t. Butler co. Ohio.
Union, t. Champaign co, Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
445.
Union, t. Clermont co. Ohio.
Union, t. Clinton co. Ohio, in which is Wilming-
ton, the county seat.
Union, t. Delaware co. Ohio.
Union, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Union, t. Highland co. Ohio.
Union, t. Knox co. Ohio.
Union,i. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 433.
Union, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Union, t. Madison co. Ohio.
Union, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Dayton.
Union, t. Muskinguta co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Zanes-
ville.
Union, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m.
above Chillicothe. Pop. in 1819, 2,000.
Union, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 8 m.
above Portsmouth.
Union, t. Warren co. Ohio, E. of Lebanon.
Union, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Mus-
kingum, 5 m. above Marietta.
Union, t. Warren co. Ohio, 4 m. W. Lebanon,
inhabited by Shakers.
Union, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. in
1818, 2,482. Chief town, Jonesburg.
Union, t. Washington co. Missouri.
Union, t. Lincoln co. Missouri.
Union, a station of the United Foreign Mission-
ary Society, among the Osages of the Arkansaw.
See Osages.
Union bridge, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Union springs, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. 6 m. N.
Aurora.
Uniontovm, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 9 m. S.
W. Zanesville.
Unionville, t. Chester co. Pa.
United Provinces, a name formerly given to the
Seven Protestant States of the Netherlands, which
threw off the yoke of Spain, and became inde-
pendent. See Holland and JV'etherlands.
United States, country, N. America, bounded
N. by the British dominions ; E. by the Atlantic
ocean ; S. by the gulf of Mexico ; S. W. by the
Spanish dominions; and W. by the Pacific ocean.
'I'he boundary on the side of the Spanish domin-
ions, according to the treaty with Spain, ratified
the present year, (1821,) begins on the gulf of
Mexico, at the mouth of the river Sabine, and
proceeds along the west bank of that river to the
32d degree of N. lat. ; thence, by a line due north,
to the river Arkansas; thence, along the south
bank of the Arkansas to its source, in lat. 42°, and
thence along that parallel to the Pacific ocean.
On the side of the British dominions, the boun-
dary begins in the Atlantic ocean, at the mouth of
the river St. Croix, and proceeds up that river to
its source; thence due north to the highlands
which separate the waters falling into the St.
Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ;
thence, along those highlands, in a S. W. direc-
tion, to the parallel of 45° N. lat. ; thence, along
that parallel to the river St. Lawrence, and
thence, up that river, and the great lakes Ontario,
Erie, Huron, and Superior, to the most north-
western point of the lake of the Woods. By the
treaty with Great Britain in 1819, the boundary
line proceeds from the last mentioned point, due
north or south, as the case may be, to the parallel
of 49° N. lat. and thence due west along that par-
allel to the Rocky mountains. The boundary be-
tween the Rocky mountains and the Pacific ocean
remains unsettled. — Including the Floridas, which
have been ceded by Spain, the territory of the
United States extends from 25° to 49° N. lat. and
from 66° 49' to 125° W. lon. embracing upwards erf
2,000,000 square miles.
This vast country is intersected by two princi-
pal ranges of mountains ; the Rocky mountains in
the west, which run across the territory in a di-
rection nearly parallel with the coast of the Pa-
cific ocean, at the distance of several hundred
miles ; and the Alleghany mountains in the east,
which run nearly rarallei with the Atlantic coast
708
U N I
U N I
I
from Georgia, through Tennessee, Virginia, and
Pennsylvania, to New York. The immense val-
ley included between these two ranges of moun-
tains, is intersected by the Mississippi river which
runs from north to south, through the whole length
of the United States. The country west of the
Mississippi, with few exceptions, is a wilderness
inhabited by savage Indians, and beyond the me-
ridian of 94°, the whites have scarcely a solitary
settlement ; but the country on tlie east of the
Mississippi is, to a considerable extent, cultivated
and populous.
The confederacy originally consisted of 13
members, but by the formation of new States, the
number is now increased to 24 ; the names, ex-
tent, and population of which are given in the fol-
lowing table :
Sq.
Pop. in
Pop.
Slaves
States.
Miles.
1810.
sq.m.
inl810.
Maine,
31,750
228,705
7
None
New Hampshire,
9,491
214,460
22
None
Vermont, - -
10,212
217,895
21
None
Massachusetts, -
7,250
472,040
66
None
Rhode Island, -
1,580
76,931
48
108
Connecticut,
4,764
261,942
55
310
New York,
46,000
959,049
21
15,017
New Jersey,
8,320 245,562
39
10,851
Pennsylvania, -
46,000:810,091
18
795
Delaware,
2,120
72,674
34
4,177
Maryland, - -
13,959
380,546
27
111,502
Virginia, - -
64,000
974,622
15
392,518
North Carolina,
48,000
555,500
11
168,824
South Carolina,
24,000
415,115
17
196,365
Georgia,
60,000
252,433
4
105,218
Alabama, - -
Mississippi,
44,000
45,000
^40,352
h
17,088
Louisiana,
48,000
76,556
li
34,660
Tennessee, - -
40,000
261,727
6
44,535
Kentucky,
42,000
406,511
9
80,561
Ohio,
39,000
230,760
6
None
Indiana, - -
36,000
24,520
1
None
Illinois,
52,000
12,282
\
168
Missouri,
60,000
19,783
i
3,011
The States are usually classed under four di-
visions. Eastern.) Middle, Southern, and Western.
The Eastern States are those which lie wholly
east of the Hudson, viz. Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con-
necticut ; the Middle States are those between
the Hudson and the Potomac, viz. New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary-
land. The Southern States are those south of the
Potomac, including the three on the Gulf of Mex-
ico, viz. Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroli-
na, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisia-
na. The Western States are those which lie
wholly west of the Alleghany mountains, viz.
Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
and Missouri. The country not included in the
States is very thinly settled, and is divided for the
present into territories, under governors appoint-
ed by Congress. The names of the territories are
Michigan, Northwest, Missouri, Arkansas, and
Florida. The District of Columbia is a tract 10
miles square around the city of Washington, un-
der the immediate government of Congress.
In that part of the United States which lies east
of the Mississippi, the most remarkable feature in
the face of the country is the low plain, from 50
to 100 miles wide, which extends along the At-
lantic coast, from the Hudson to the Mississippi, a
distance of 1,500 miles. Beyond thii' piain the
country rises towards the interior till it terminatea
in the Alleghany or Appalachian mountains. The
rest of the U. States is agreeably diversified with
hills and vallies, plains and mountains. The soil of
the low country, except on the banks of creeks and
rivers, is sandy and barren ; but the remainder of
the country has generally a strong fertile soil, ca-
pable of supporting a dense population. The
principal production of the states south of Ken-
tucky and Virginia, is cotton. Tobacco is raised
in large quantities in Maryland and Virginia.
Wheat is the staple production of the Middle and
Western States. Rice is cultivated to a consid-
erable extent in the swamps of Georgia and the
Caroliuas, and the sugar cane flourishes in Lou-
isiana.
The commerce of the U. States consists princi-
pally in the exchange of agricultural produce for
the manufactures of other parts of the world, and
the productions of tropical climates. The whole
value ofthe exports in 1820, was $69,691,669, of
which, $51,683,640 was domestic produce. The
principal article is cotton ; the quantity of which
has been continually and rapidly increasing for
more than 30 years. In 1790, the amount export-
ed was only 100,000 pounds ; in 1795, 1,300,000;
in 1800, 17,789,803 ; in 1804, 35,034,175 ; and in
1817, 85,649,328 pounds, the value of which was
$22,628,000. Next in importance to cotton, is
wheat and flour, of which the amount exported in
1817, was 1,479,198 barrels, and the value
$18,432,000. Tobacco, lumber, rice, pot and
pearl ashes, Indian corn, fish, beef and pork, are
also exported in large quantities. — The principal
articles imported may be arranged in the follow-
ing order : manufactured goods, principally from
Great Britain ; sugar, coffee, foreign spirits, tea,
wine and molasses. The shipping belonging to
the U. States in 1818, was 1,165,185 tons. It is
owned principally in New-England and New-
York. The States south of the Potomac own only
one eighth part — The annual value of the manu-
factures was estimated in 1810, at $172,762,876.
The revenue ofthe United States in 1819, was
$21,435,700. More than nine-tenths of the rev-
enue has been usually derived from duties on im-
ports. The sale of public lands for several years
past has also yielded a considerable sum, and the a-
mountfrom this source is rapidly increasing. The
internal revenue and direct taxes on houses and
lands, yield very little, being only resorted to in
cases of emergency. The public debt contracted
in support of the war of Independence, amounted
in 1791, to $75,463,467. During the long peace
between 1783 and 1812, the country was prospe-
rous, and the debt was gradually reduced t»
$36,656,932. The war of 1812, ' 13, and ' 14, in-
creased it again more than three-fold, and in 1817,
it was $112,107,862. It has since been greatly
reduced, and on Oct. 1st, 1820, was $91,680,090.
—The army in 1820 consisted of 10,000 men,
distributed among the numerous posts along the
maritime and inland frontier. The navy consists
of 1 1 ships of the line, 9 frigates, and 50 smaller
vessels : of these, 4 ships of the line and 37 small-
er vessels, are on the great lakes. The officers
are 34 post captains, 22 masters commandant, 202
lieutenants, and 352 midshipmen.
The population ofthe United States in 1790,
was 3.929,326; in 18U0, 5,305,666 ; and in 1810,
7,23J,'902; of which nuu-ber, 1,191,364 were
slaves. The population increases very regularlv
U N
VOL
769
at the rate of about 3 per cent, per annum, dou-
blings in less than 25 years. The inhabitants con-
sist of whites, negroes, and Indians. The negroes
are generally slaves, and are principally confined
to Maryland and the States south of the Potomac
and Ohio rivers. All the whites are of European
origin ; principally English. The New England-
ers, Virginians, and Carolinians, are almost pure-
ly English. Next to the English are the Germans,
who are very numerous in the Middle States, par-
ticularly in Pennsylvania. Next to the Germans
are the Dutch, who are most numerous in New
York. The French constitute nearly half the
population of Louisiana. The Irish and Scotch
are found in the Middle States, in the back parts
of Virginia, and in all the principal cities of the
Union. Very little is known about the Indians
west of the Mississippi. The 4 principal tribes
on the east of the Mississippi are the Creeks,
Choctaws, Cherokees, and Chickasaws. These
tribes live within the chartered hmits of Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
The principal religious denominations are Pres-
byterians and Congrcgationalists, who have to-
gether more than 2,300 congregations; the Bap-
tists, who have more than 2,000 congregations :
the Friends have more than 500 societies ; and the
Episcopalians about 300. The Methodists are al-
so very numerous. The Baptists and Methodists
are found in all parts of the United States ; the
Congrcgationalists are almost wholly in New Eng-
land ; the Presbyterians are scattered over the
Middle and Southern States ; the Friends are most
numerous in Pennsylvania and the adjoining State s,
and the Episcopalians in New York, Connecticut,
Maryland, and Virginia. German Lutherans,
German Calvinists, and Moravians, are also nu-
merous in the Middle States.
The United States are a federal republic. Each
of the states is independent, and has the exclusive
control of all concerns merely local ; but the de-
fence of the country, the regulation of commerce,
and all the general interests of the confederacy
are committed, by the constitution of the United
States, to a general government. The legislative
power is vested in a Congress, consisting of a Sen-
ate and House of Representatives. The Senate
is composed of 2 members from each state, chosen
by their legislatures for 6 years. The Represen-
tatives are chosen by the people biennially, each
state being entitled to a number proportioned to
its free population, and in the slave-holding states
every five slaves are allowed to count the same as
fhree freemen. The President and Vice Presi-
dent are chosen for 4 years, by electors appointed
for the purpose, and each State appoints as many
electors, as the whole number of its Senators and
Representatives. The salary of the President is
$25,000 per annum, of the Vice President $5,000.
The principal officers in the executive depart-
ment are the Secretary of State, the Secretary of
the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secre-
tary of the Navy, the Attorney General, and the
Postmaster General.
Since the establishment of the present govern-
ment in 1789, the growth of the United States in
population, commerce, and wealth has been with-
out a parallel in the history of the world. The
population in 1790, was 3,929,326 ; it is now about
10,000,000. In 1790, the value of the exports
was $16,000,000; it is now about $70,000,000.
The revenue in 1790, was $2,410,320; it is now
^rjore than $20,000,000. In 1790, the number of
97
po-st-oifices was 75, and the extent of post-roads
1,875 miles; in 1817, the number of post-offices
was 3,459, and the extent of post-roads 51,600
miles. The amount of shipping in 1790, was
486,090 tons ; in 1818, 1, 165,585 tons. For tables
illustrating the state of the commerce, population,
and resources of the United States, see Apptn-
dix.
Unity Bay, bay on the E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 61° 30' W. Lat. 57° 8' N.
Unity, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 30 m. N. Au-
gusta.
Unity, p-t. Cheshire co. N.H. 32 m. N. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 1,044.
Unity, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Unna, r. which rises in Bosnia, on the borders
of Croatia, and runs into the Save, 16 m. N. W.
Gradisca.
Unna, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 23 m.
S. Munster, 8 E. Dortmund. Lon. 7" 48' E. Lat.
5r33'N. Pop. 3,150.
Umt, the most northerly of the smaller Shetland
islands, about 8 miles long and 4 broad. Lon. 1°
6' W. Lat. 61° 7' N. Pop. 1,700.
Unterart, or Art, t. Switzerland, in Schweitz,
at the S. extremity of the lake of Zug, 7 m. N.
Schweitz.
Unlerseen, t. Switzerland, in Berne, 26 m. S. E.
Berne.
Unza, t. Russia, in Kostrom, and capital of a
province, 92 m. E. N. E. Kostrom. Lon. 44° 14'
E. Lat. 57° 56' N.
Vodina.. See Edessa.
Vosel, r. Austria, which runs into the Traun, 8
ra. S.'W. Wels.
Vogel, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 130°
46' E. Lat. 5° 12' S.
yogel Islands, cluster of small islands near the
W^ coast of Siam. Lon. 98° 55' E. Lat. 7° 38' N.
Voghera, t. Sardinian states, 12 ax. S. Pavia, 25
S. S. W. Milan. Pop. 10,023.
Voglabruck, t. Austria, on the river Vogel, 27
m. S. S. E. Passau, 110 W. Vienna. Lon. 13° 35'
E. Lat. 48° 1' N.
Vogtland, circle in the S. W. part of the king-
dom of Saxony, containing 700 square miles, and
88,639 inhabitants. Plauen is the chief town.
Voiron, t. France, in Isere, 10 m. N. W. Gre-
noble. Pop. 4,800.
Voitsberg, or Woitssberg, t. Austria, on the Kai-
nach, 20 m. W. S. W. Gratz, 86 S. S. W. Vienna.
Lon. 15° E, Lat. 47° 4' N.
Vojussa, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Adriatic, 7 m. N. Valona.
Vokscha, r. Russia, which joins the Mezen, 16
m. N. Olenskoi.
Volano, seaport, Italy, at the mouth of the south-
ern branch of the Po, 23 m. E. Ferrara.
Volcano, one of the most considerable of the
Lipari islands. Its ancient name was Hiera. Lon.
15" 13' E. Lat. 38° 30' N.
Volcano, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 24 m. N. Eg*
mont island, one of the Queen Charlotte's islands,
Lon. 165" 4' E. Lat. 10° 17' S.
Volckach, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 1 1 m. N. E.
Wurzburg, 12 S. Schweinfurt. Lon. 10° 14' E.
Lat. 49° 54' N, Pop. 1,740.
Volconda, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 95 m. S.
Arcot. Lon. 79° 10' E. Lat. 11° 10' N.
Volga, r. Russia, formed by two streams, which
unite in lon. 51° 20' E. lat. 56° 40' N. Its general
course is first east, and thensouth, till it falls into
the Caspian sea hy many months. It is more than
170
VON
3,000 miles long, being the longest river in Eu-
rope, and is navigable to Tver near its source.
There is a canal connecting it with the Neva^
•which opens a communication between the Baltic
and the Caspian, and it is supposed that 4,000 ves-
sels pass through it annually.
Folgivod, r. Russia, which runs into the Dnie-
per, 12 m. above Ekaterinoslav.
VoViynia, government, Russia, bounded N. by
Grodno and Minsk, E. by Kiev, S. by Podolia,
and W. by the new kingdom of Poland.
Volisso, seaport, on the W. coast of the island
of Scio. Lon. 25" 56' E. Lat. 38° 27' N.
Volkenmarck^ or Volkel Markt, t. Austrian states,
on the N. side of the Drave, 12 m. E. Clagenfurt,
10 S. W. St. Andre. Lon. 12" 20' E. Lat. 46"
41' N.
Volkmarsen, or Volmarsheim, t. Prussian states,
in Westphalia, 18 m. S. E. Paderborn, 20 E. Bri-
lou. Lon. 9" 8' E. Lat. 51" 23' N. Pop. 2, 100.
yollenhoren, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, near
the Zuyder Zee. It is not large, but carries on a
considerable trade. 31 m. W. Covorden, 28 N.
Deventer. Lon. 5° 51' E. Lat. 52" 44' N.
Vollore, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 5 m. S. S.
E. Thiers. Pop. 3,330.
Volmar, t. Russia, in Riga, 56 m. N. N. E. Ri-
ga. Lon. 25" 14' E. Lat. 57" 36' N.
Folney, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Onondaga river,
50 m. W. Rome. Pop. in 1812, 350.
Folo, seaport, Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, in a
gulf to which it gives name, 38 m. N. W. Larissa,
62 N. N. E. Livadia. Lon. 23" 12' E. Lat. 39"
28' N.
Vologda, city, Russia, and capital of a govern-
ment, on the river Suchona, the see of an arch-
bishop, 320 m. S. Archangel, 308 E. Petersburg.
Lon. 40" 14' E. Lat. 59° 10' N.
Vologodskoi, government, Russia, bounded N.
by Archangel, E. by Tobolsk, S. by Perm, Viat-
ka, Kostrom, and Jaroslav, and W. by Olonetz
and Novgorod. Lon. 39" to 59° E. Lat. 58° 30' to
65"20^N.
Volpiarw, t. Sardinian states, 9 m. N. N. E. Tu-
rin. Pop. 3,640.
Volta, t. A. Turkey, on the S. coast of Natolia.
Lon. 27" 16' E. Lat. 36" 46' N.
Volsk, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Volga, 76
m. N. E. Saratov. Lon. 47" 44' E. Lat 52° 15' N.
Volta, or Rio Volta, r. Africa, which separates
the Gold coast from the Slave coast, and runs into
the Atlantic. Lon. 0" 45' W. Lat. 5" 50' N.
Voliaggio, or Ottagio, t. Italy, 15 m. N. Genoa.
Volterra, t. Tuscany, formerly one of the an-
cient 12 cities, now a lonely, mean place, 29 m.
E. S. E. Leghorn, 29 S. W. Florence. Lon. 10°
52' E. Lat. 43° 23' N. Pop. 5,000.
Voltri, t Italy, 6 m. W. Genoa.
Volturara, or Vuliurara, t. Naples, in Capita-
nata, the see of a bishop, 38 m. W. S. W. Man-
fredonia, 53 N. E. Naples. Lon. 15" E. Lat. 41"
28' N.
VoltumOy t. Naples, on a riverof the same name,
near its mouth, 12 m. W. Capua.
Volvic, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 3 m. S. W.
Riom, 6 N. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 2,082.
Voluntoum, t. Windham co. Ct. Pop. 1,016.
Vona, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 70 m, W. Trebi-
sond. Lon. 38" E. Lat. 41" 10' N.
Vonitsa, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 62 m. N.
W. Lepanto. Lon. 21° 2' E. Lat. 39° 15' N. Pop.
e.eoo.
U P H
Voorn, or Osl-Voom, isl. Holland, at the moutfe 5!
of the Meuse ; about 20 miles long and 5 broad. *
Voord, isl. at the union of the Wahal and the
Meuse, with a fort, 9 m. N. N. E. Bois le Due, 4
S. Thiel.
Vorden, or Voerden, t. Germany, 17 m. E, N.
E. Paderborn. Lon. 9° 18' E. Lat. 51" 45' N.
Vorden, t. Germany, 10 m. N. N. E. Osna-
bruck, 10 S. Quackenbruck. Lon. 8" 4' E. Lat.
52" 29' N.
Voreppe, t. France, in Isere, 8 m. N. N. W . Gre-?
noble. Pop. 4,531,
Voringen, or Sladt Voringen, t. Germany, 10
m. S. E. Hohenzollern, 24 E. Rothweil. Lon. 9-
15' E. Lat. 48° 11' N.
Voronez, t. Russia, and capital of a government,
at the conflux of the Voronez with the Don. The
citadel is on the opposite side of the river, fur-
nished with 150 pieces of cannon, and a large gar-
rison. Here are docks for building vessels, larg»
and small, good warehouses for naval stores, &ci
It is the see of a bishop, and a place of consider-
able trade. 256 m. S. Moscow, 620 S. E. Riga,
696 S. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 39° E. Lat. 51*
36' N. Pop. 15,000.
Voronesskoi, government, Russia, bounded N-
E. by Tambovskoe, S. and S. E. by the country of
the Cossacs, N. W. by Orlovskoe, W. by Kurskoe
and Charkovskoe. Lon. 37" to 42° E. Lat. 48° 50'
to53"16'N. Pop. 769,700.
Vortitza, or Vostitsa, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Mo*
rea, on the S. coast of the gulf of Lepanto, 40 m .
N.W.Corinth.
Vosges, a large chain of mountains, which gives
name to a department of France.
Vosges, department, France, bounded N. by
Meuse, Meurte, and Lower Rhine, E. by Upper
and Lower Rhine, S. by Upper Saone, and W.
by Upper Marne. Epinal is the capital. Pop.
334,169.
Voskresensk, t. Russia, in Moscow, 32 m. N. W.
Moscow. Lon. 36" 44' E. Lat. 56" N.
Vospor, t. Russia, in Tauris, 112 m. E. S. E. Pe-
rekop. Lon. 36" 26' E. Lat. 45" 20' N.
Vouga, r. Portugal, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, 5 m. N. Aveiro.
Vouga, t. Portugal, in Beira, on a river of the
same name, 10 m. E. N. E. Aveiro, 26 N. Coim-
bra.
Vouille, t. France, in Vienne, 8 m. N. W. Poi-
tiers, 12 N. Lusignan.
Voura, r. Eu. Turkey, which separates Thes-
saly from Albania, and runs into the gulf of Arta,
Vourla, seaport, A. Turkey, in Natolia, on thr
site of Clazomene, one of the 12 cities of Ionia,
20 m. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26" 40' E. Lat. 38" 24' N
Voutezat, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. N. W
Brive. Pop. 2,074.
Vouvray, t. France, in Indre and Loire, 4 m. E.
Tours. Pop. 2,100.
Vousieres, t France, in Ardennes, 5 posts S. W
Stenay, 27 N. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 42' E. Lat. 49'
23' N.
Vos, lake, Russia, in Novgorod, 60 miles in cir -
cumference. Lon. 38" 54' £. Lat. 60" 30' N.
Vozia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on thi
Black sea, 26 m. W. Ochtakov.
Upa, r. Russia, which runs into the Oka, near
Lichvin, in Kaluga.
Up-HoUand, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. ^^
Wigan.
Upha. SeeOu/ff.
U R B
u s s
771
Upland, province in the old division of Swe-
den, bounded N. by the gulf of Bothnia, E. by the
Baltic, S. by the Malar lake, and VV. by West-
mannland.
UpnoT Castle, fort, Eng. in Kent, on the left
bank of Medway, near Chatham.
Upper lake, lake of Ireland, in Kerry, 4 m. from
Lough Lane, with which it communicates by a
river.
Upper quivre, t. St. Charles co. Missouri.
Upperville, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Uppingham, t. Eng. ir. Rutland, 36 m. S. Not-
tingham, 90 N. London. Lon. 1° 38' W. Lat. 52°
36' N.
Upright Bay, bay near the W. extremity of the
straits of Magellan. Lon. 73° 35' W. Lat. 53°
8'S.
Upsal, city, Sweden, on the river Fyris. It was
anciently the capital of Sweden, and the kings are
still generally crowned here. Here is a univer-
sity. With a valuable library, an astronomical ob-
servatory, a physic garden, 21 professors, and up-
wards of 1,000 students. Upsal is the see of an
archbishop. 35 ra. N. Stockholm. Lon. 17° 26'
E. Lat. 39° 51' N. Pop. 4,403.
Upton, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, on the Severn,
10 m. S. Worcester, 1 11 W. N. W. Loudon. Lon.
, 2° 7' W. Lat. 52° 6' N.
Upton, t. Richelieu and Buckingham counties,
Lower Canada, E. of Montreal.
Upton, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. S. E.
Worcester, 38 S. W. Boston. Pop. 995.
Ur, in Sac. Geog. t. Mesopotamia.
Uiach, t. Wurtemberg, with considerable man-
ufactures of damask and other linens, on the
Renis, 21 m. S. S. E. Stuttgard, 24 W. Ulm. Lon.
9° 27' E. Lat. 48° 27' N. Pop. 2,700.
Uraguay, r. South America, which rises in the
southern part of Brazil, and after a course of about
500 miles, joins the Parana, in lat. 34° S. and the
united streams take the name of La Plata.
Ural Mountains. See Oural,
Ural, or Jaik, r. Russia, which rises in lon. 53°
-14' E. lat. 34° N. and runs into the Caspian sea,
near Guriev, in lon. 52° 14' E. lat. 47° 15' N.
Uralsk, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 328
m. N. N. E. Astracan, 696 S. W. Tobolsk. Lon.
5r54'E. Lat. 51° 10' N.
Vrana, or Urana, t. Dalmatia, on a lake to
which it gives name, anciently an important for-
tress, 15 m. E. S. E. Zara.
Urbania, or Castel Durante, t. Popedom, the see
of a bishop, 7 m. S. S. W. Urbino.
Urbanna, formerly Four corners, v. in Portland,
Chatauque co. N. Y. 2 m. from lake Erie, on the
road to Ciiatauque lake.
Urbanna, p-t. Middlesex co. Va. on the S. side
of the Rappahannock, 60 m. E. N. E. Richmond.
Urbanna, p-t. and cap. Champaign co. Ohio, 44
m. W. Columbus, 34 N. E. Dayton. It contains
a court-house and jail, a bank, a printing-office, a
market-house, a Methodist church, and about 120
houses. Pop. 600.
Urbino, a province of the Popedom, bounded
N. by Roniagna, N. E. by the Adriatic, S. E. by
Ancona, S. by the Perugiano, and W. by Tuscany
and Romagna. The air is reckoned unwhole-
some.
Urbino, city of tlie Popedom, near the head of
the Foglio, the see of an archbishop. The^univer-
sity is one of the most ancient in Italy. In the
churches are seen some paintings of the celebra-
ted Raphael and Frederic Barocci. Raphael was
a native of Urbino. S4 m. E. Florence, 115 N-
Rome. Lon. 12° 32' E. Lat. 43° 48' x\. Pop. 8,000
Ure, or Youre, r. Eng. in York, which, below
Boroughbridge, joins the Swale, and takes the
name of Ouse.
Urgel, t. Spain, in Catalonia, the see of a bish-
op, 65 m. N. N. W. Barcelona, 60 N. E. Balbas-
tro. Lon. 1" 22' E. Lat. 42° 24' N. Pop. 3,200,
Uri, canton, Switzerland, bounded N. by
Schweitz, E. by Claris, S. by Italy, and W. by
Underwalden, about 60 miles long and 28 broad.
It consists almost every where of high mountains,
and deep vallies. The inhabitants are all Roman
Catholics. Altorff is the capital. Pop. 145,215.
Urjup, one of the Kurile islands, 54 miles long,
and from 8 to 16 broad. Lon. 169° E. Lat. 46° 25' ?i .
Urkonge, or Korkanje, or Orkanje, or Urgentz, t.
Asia, and cap. of Charasm, on a branch of the Ji»
hon, which runs into the lake Aral, 320 m. W. N.
W. Samarcand. Lon. 58° 30' E. Lat. 42° 35' N.
Urkup, or Yerkup, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania,
on the Kizel-ermuk, 10 m. W. S. W. Tocat. Lon.
34° 18' E. Lat. 38° 37' N.
Urnaschen, t. Switzerland, 5 ra. S. W. Appenzel.
Urquhart, t. Scotland, in Ross-shire, on the
Frith of Cromarty, 12 m. W. S. W. Cromarty.
Urrishead, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of
Mayo, at the entrance of Broad Haven. Lon. 9'
48' W. Lat. 54° 19' N.
Ursel, t. Germany, 18 m. E. N. E. Mentz.
Urseren, t. Switzerland, in Uri, in a valley, to
which it gives name, on the Reuss, 17 m. S. S. E.
Altorff.
Uruguay. See Uraguay.
Uscokan, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Bor-
neo. Lon. 116° 25' E. Lat. 6° 21' N.
Usbeks, or Usbek Tartars, Tartars which inhabit
Kharasm and Grand Bukharia.
Usedom, isl. in the Baltic, separated from the
coast of Pomerania, partly by the river Peene, and
partly by the Frische Half, 30 miles long. Lon.
13° 11' to 13° 58' E. Lat. 54° 15' to 54" 45' N.
Usedom, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, on the
S. W^ coast of the island of Usedom, on the bay of
the Frische Half, 8 m. E. Anclam, 38 N. N. VV.
Old Stettin. Pop. 1,100.
Ushant, or Ouessant, (an. Uxantis,) isl. of the
Atlantic, off the coast of France, 10 m. from the
continent, and about 12 miles in circumference,
defended by a castle. Lon. 5" W. Lat. 48° 29' N.
Pop. 700.
Ushant, or Ouessant, small isl. in the Pacific
Ocean, near the coast of New Guinea. Lon. 146"
33' E. Lat. ir5'S.
Usingen, t. in the duchy of Nassau, 12 m. S. S. E.
Weilburg, 22 N. E. Mentz. Pop. 1,500.
Usk, r. Wales, which runs into the Severn, be-
low Newport, in Monmouthshire.
Usk, t. Eng. in Monmouth, on the river Usk, 12
m. S. W. Monmouth, 140 W. London. Lon. 3"
W. Lat. 51° 42' N.
Uskalinmaa, small isl. on the E. side of the Gulf
of Bothnia. Lon, 21° 5' E. Lat. 61° 18' N.
Uslar, t. Hanover, 17 m. W. N. W. Gottingea.
Pop. 1,550.
Usman, t, Russia, in Tambov, on a river of the
same name, 40 m. S. W. Tambov. Lon. 40° 24' E.
Lat. 52° 8' N. Pop. 2,490.
Ussel, t. France, in Correze, 32 m. E. N. E.
Uzerches, 30 N. E. Tulle. Lon. 2° 23' E. Lat. 45°
33' N. Pop, 3,036. 9
Usses, r. France, which runs into the Rhone,
near Seissel.
772
W A B
W A C
Usiarits, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 48 m. W.
Pau, 6 S. Bayonne. Lon. 1° 23' W. Lat. 43° 23' N.
Ustia, t. Russia, in Moldavia, on the Dniester,
88 m. E. Jassy.
Usiica, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 25 ni.
from the coast of Sicily. Lon. 13" 36' E. Lat. 38"
44' N.
Usliug, t. Russia, in Vologda, on the Dwina, at
the conflux of the Suchona and the Jug;, the see of
an archbishop, 200 m. N. N, W. Viatka, 464 E.
Petersburg. Lon. 45° 40' E. Lat. 60° 56' N. Pop.
8,933.
Ustiusna. i. Russia, in Novgorod, on the river
Mologa, 144 m. E. Novgorod. Pop. 2,586.
Usworth, t. Eng. in Durham co. 1 1 m. N. Dur-
ham.
Utawas. See Ottawa.
Uticay a flourishing incorporated post-village of
N. Y. the commercial capital of the Great West-
ern District of the state, situated on the S. bank of
the Mohawk, on the side of old Fort Schuyler, 15
m. N. E. Rome, 93 W. N. W. Albany. It is hand-
somely laid out in streets and squares, and in 1813,
contained 300 houses and stores, with a population
of 1,700, which has since considerably increased.
It contains 5 houses of public worship ; 1 for Pres-
byterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Scotch Pres-
byterians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists ; an
academy, 4 printing offices, and 2 banks. This
village is the central point where all the principal
turnpikes from various parts of the state unite,
and it forms the key of trade and travel between a
large section of the western country and the At-
lantic ports. The Erie canal passes through it
and will add to its importance. Lat. 43° 6' N.
Lon. 75° 13' W.
Utica, tJeflerson co. Ken. on the Ohio, opposite
the mouth of Harrod's creek, 8 m. N. Louisville.
Utiel, t. Spain, in New Castile, 48 m. S. E. Cu-
enca. Pop. 4,000.
Utila, isl. in the Gulf of Honduras, 30 m. from
the coast, 15 miles long, and 5 broad. Lon. 87°
45' W. Lat. 16° 4' N.
Uton, isl. near the E. coast of Sweden, in the
Baltic. Lon. 18° 5' E. Lat. 58° 57' N.
Utrecht, province, Netherlands, which borders
for a little distance on the Zuyder Zee, but on all
other sides is environed by Holland and Guelder-
land ; it enjoys a good air, and in most parts the
foil is very fruitful. Pop. 108,000.
Utretcht, city, Netherlands, and cap. of the abovt
province, is a handsome, large, and rich city, ora
the ancient Rhine. It is about 4 miles in circum-
ference, and is fortified, but is not strong. The
height of the tower of the cathedral is 380 feet,
and from the top in a clear day, 15 or 16 cities
may be seen. The principal streets are cut
through with canals. The houses are of brick,
and many of them stately. The university is very
famous and attracts a great number of foreigners.
The town is famous for the treaty of union, signed
in 1579, between the Seven Provinces, which laid
the foundation of the republic ; as likewise for the
treaty of peace, signed here in 1713, between
France and the Grand Allies. 18 m. S. S. E.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 11' E. Lat. 52° 6' N. Pop.
32,294.
Utrecht, t. Kings co. N. Y. at the W. end of
Long Island opposite Staten Island, 10 m. S. New-
York. Pop. 907.
Utrera, t. Spain, in Seville, 21 m. S. Seville.
Pop. 6,000.
Utschenya, cape on the N. coast of Nova Zem-
bla. Lon. 67° 24' E. Lat. 77° 20' N.
Ultoxeter, or Utcesier, t. Eng. in Stafford co. 17
m. N. Litchfield, 136 N. W. London. Lon. 1" 52'
W. Lat. 52° 54' N. Pop. 3,755 .
Utznach, t. Switzerland, 23 m. S. E. Zurich.
Lon. 8° 59' E. Lat. 47° 8' N.
Uvelen, isl. Russia, in the Frozen Sea, 12 m. N.
Cape Tchukotskoi. Lon. 188° 44' E. Lat. 66° 25' N.
Uwchland, t. Chester co. Pa.
Uxbridse, t. Eng. in Middlesex, near the Colne,
8 m. W. ^Vindsor, 15 W. London. Lon. 0° 27'
W. Lat. 51° 34' N. Pop. 2,411.
Uxbridge, t. York co. Upper Canada, N. E. of
York.
Uxbridge, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. S-
Worcester, 40 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,404.
Uzel, t. France, in North Coasts, 6 m. N. N. W
Loudeac, 13 S. St. Brieuc. Pop. 6,71 1.
Uzerche, t. France, in Correze, 13 m. N. W.
Tulle, 27 S. W. Limoges. Lon. 1° 39' E. Lat. 45'"
25' N.
Uzes, t. France, in Gard. Near it is a medi-
cinal spring, 12 m. N. Nismes, 18 W. Avignon.
Lon 4° 30' E. Lat. 44° 1' N . Pop. 5,069.
Uzette, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m. W. Bazas,
27 S. S. W. Bourdeaux.
w
Waackhausen, t. ducliy of Bremon, on a
moor, near the river "Hamme, 12 m. N. Bremen.
JVaag, or f^ag, r. Hungary, which rises in the
N. part, and runs into the Danube, 6 m. below
Comorn.
Wabash, r. Indiana, which rises in the N. E.
part of the state, and flowing in a southwesterly
direction, falls into the Ohio 30 miles above the
mouth of the Cumberland. For the last half of
its course it is the boundary between Indiana and
Illinois It is more than 500 miles long, and is
navigable for keel boats 400 miles, to Ouitanon,
where there are rapids. Above the rapids small
boats can ascend nearly to its source. The cur-
rent is generally gentle above Vincennes ; below
that town there are several rapids, but not of suf-
ficient magnitude to prevent boats from ascending.
Wabash, Little, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Wabash, a few miles from Ohio river.
Waberchance. See Wagovsinche,
Wachenheim, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rhine, 15 m. W. Manheim, 31 E. Deux Ponts.
Lon. 8° 12' E. Lat. 49° 25' N.
Wachiita, or Washita, or Ouachitla, r. which
rises in Arkansaw Territory in lon. 95° 30' W. and
lat. 34° N. and pursuing an easterly course of about
200 miles receives Hot Spring creek from the N.
E. It then turns to the south, and after a course
W A H
W A L
773
^f several hundred miles, falls into Red river 23
miles from its mouth. For the last 30 miles of its
course it has the name of Black river. The Hot
Springs, a (ew miles from the banks of this river,
in 34° 30' N. lat. are very celebrated in the cure of
everal diseases. The accommodations are miser-
able, the country being almost a wilderness, yet
' there are frequently 200 or 300 persons collected
[ here, some from a distance of 1,000 miles.
I TFachoria, in N. C. a tract of land of 100,000
acres, extending from the Yadkin to Haw and
Deep rivers, and occupied by Moravians. Chief
places, Salem, Bethabara, and Bethany.
Wachtendonk, t. Germany, on the Niers, 22 m.
N. W. Dusseldorf, 7 N. E. Venlo.
Wachtersbaeh, or Waectersbach, t. Hesse-Cassel,
15 m. E. N. E. Hanau, 44 E. Mentz. Lon. 6° 14'
E. Lat. 51° 25' N. Ppp. 820.
Wachusett, mountain in Princeton, Mass. up-
wards of 2,000 feet above the level of the sea.
Wadan, or Zala, t. Fezzan, in the road from
Tripoli to Mourzouk, 160 m. N. Mourzouk, 140
S. S. E. Tripoli. Lon. 15° 12' E. Lat. 29° 59' N.
Wadden, channel of the German Sea, between
the island of Ameland, and the coast of Friesland.
Waddo, t. Sweden, in Upland, on a creek, which
communicates with Aland's Haff, 15 m. N. Nor-
telge. Lon. 1 8° 40' E. Lat. 60° N.
Wade's Point, cape on the coast of N. Caroli-
na. Lon. 76° 20' W. Lat. 36° 7' N.
Wadenschweil, t. Switzerland, 9 m. S. Zurich.
Pop. 3,500.
Wadero, isl. near the W. coast of Sweden, in the
North Sea. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat. 56° 24' N.
TVadesboroughf p-t. and cap. Anson co. N. C. 76
m. W. Fayetteville, 50 E. Salisbury. It con-
tains a court-house and jail, and about 30 houses.
fVadey, country of Africa, W. of Darfur.
JVadham Islands, small islands, near the N. E. of
Newfoundland. Lon. 53° 37' W. Lat. 49° 57' N.
Wadmelaw. See John's island, S. C.
Wadstena, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, on the
Wetter Lake, 20 m. W. Linkioping. Lon. 14° 59'
E. Lat. 58° 25' N.
Waduorlh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. W.
Halifax.
JVageningen, t. Netherlands, on the N. side of
the river Leek, 7 m. W. Arnheim, 24 E. S. E.
Utrecht.
Wager'' s Straits, or River, r. N. America, which
empties itself into Hudson's Bay. Lon. 87° W.
Lat. 65° 8' N.
Wagon, small isl. on the W. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 13" 38' E. Lat. 63° 12' N.
Wagousinche, Point, the N. extremity of the
peninsula of Michigan, 22 m. W. Michillimacki-
rac.
Wagstadt, or Bilowes, t. Silesia, 24 m. W. Tes-
chen, 12 S. S. E. Troppau. Lon. 18° E. Lat. 49°
28' N.
Wagter, Nord, small isl. in the Gulf of Tonquin,
near the coast of China. Lon. 109° 30' E. Lat. 21"
13' N.
Wagter Zuyd, small isl. in the Chinese Sea,
rear the coast of Cochin China. Lon. 106° 34' E.
Lat. 17° 18' N.
Wahabien, a warlike religious sect which sprung
up in Syria, about the middle of the last century.
They now occupy almost all the interior of Ara-
bia, and at one period were in possession of Mec-
ca, and Medina, which cities they sacked, and de-
stroyed the tomb of Mahomet. These cities were
retaken in thf> ypar 1813, by the Pasha of Egypt,
but with all his efforts, and those of the Turkish
emperor, the Wahabe«s remain unsubdued.
Wahal, r. which branches off from the Rhine at
Schencken, joins the Meuse first at the small isl-
and of Voorn, separates from that river, and wash-
es the north side of the island of Bommelwaert,
and joins the Meuse again at Worcum, when both
rivers form one stream, sometimes called Merwe,
and sometimes Meuse.
WahJstadt, i. e. The Field of Battle, t. Silesia, 5
m. S. E. Lignitz.
Wahrberg, castle, Bavaria, 18 m. N. Dunckels-
buhl, 8 W. S. W. Anspach.
Wahren, or Waaren, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
near the Lake of Calpin, 22 m. S. E. Gustrow, 21
" N. W. Strelitz. Lon. 12° 39' E. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Pop. 3,800.
Wahrenbruck, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 2
m. N. N. W. Liebenwerda, 14 E. Torgau. Pop.
680.
Wahrien, t. Mecklenburg, 14 m. N. E. Schwe-
rin, 17 W. Gustrow. Lon. 11° 38' E. Lat. 53° 50' N.
Waiblingen, t. Wurtemberg, 7 m. E. N. E.
Stuttgart, 8 W. Nordlingen. Lon. 9° 25' E. Lat.
48° 50' N. Pop. 2,600.
Waidhoven, t. Lower Austria, on the Ips, 66 m.
W. S. VV. Vienna. Lon. 14° 43' E. Lat. 47" 54' N.
Pop. 3,620.
Waidhoven, or Bohmisch Waidhoven, t. Austria,
on the Taya, 40 m. W. Laab, 56 N. W. Vienna,
Lon. 15° E. Lat. 48° 48' N.
Waijifleet, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on a creek of
the German Sea, 15 m. N. E. Boston, 130 N. E.
London. Lon. 0° 18' W. Lat. 53° 5' N.
Wainjieet, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Waiora, t. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 6° 10' W.
Lat. 14° 48' N.
Waitzen, or J^aitz, t. Hungary, on the Danube ;
the see of a bishop, 72 m. E. S. E. Presburg, 100
E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 38' E. Lat. 47° 29' N.
Pop. 8,000.
Waitzenkirch, t. Austria, 4 m. W. N. W. Effer-
ding.
Waitsjield, p-t. Washington co Vt. 11 m. S. W.
Montpelier. Pop. 647.
WaiCs river, Vt. which runs into the Connecti-
cut at Bradford.
Wakari, small isl. on the E. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20° 47' E. Lat. 60° 51' N.
Wakatomika, r. Ohio, which joins the Musk-
ingum, 13 m. above Zanesville.
Wake, inland co. of N. C. Pop. 17,585, includ-
ing 5,878 slaves. Chief town, Raleigh.
Wakefield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Calder.
Great quantities of woollen cloth are manufactur-
ed in the town and neighborhood. 8 m. S. Leeds,
184 N. London. Lon. 1" 30' W. Lat. 53° 40' N.
Pop. 8,131.
Wakefield, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 35 m. N.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,166.
Wakefield, Lower, t. Buck's co. Pa. Pop. 1,089.
Wakefield, Upper, t. Buck's co. Pa. Pop. 1,271,
Wakkamaiv, r. which rises in a lake of the same
name in N. Carolina, and flowing a southerly
course 70 or 80 miles, empties into Winyaw bay
at Georgetown, S. C.
Wakiia, small isl, on the E. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21° 15' E. Lat. 60° 45' N.
Walachia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded N.
by Moldavia, and Transylvania, E.by Bessarabia,
S. by Bulgai-ia, and W. by the bannat of Temes-
var and "Transylvaaia, Extent 24,658 sq. miles.
774
W A L
W A L
Population, 950,000. The air is temperate, the
soil very fruitful, particularly in grain, wine, and
melons ; graziery here, too, is very considerable ;
but its principal reputation is for excellent horses.
The inhabitants are principally of the Greek re-
ligion, but there are many Mahometans inter-
mixed-
Walbeck, t. Germany, 24 m. S. Halbcrstadt.
JValcheren, isl. Netherlands, about 13 miles from
N. to S. and 8 from E. to W. ; situated in the Ger-
man Sea, at the mouth of the Scheld. Middle-
burg is the capital. Lon. 3° 29' E. Lat. 51° 34' N.
Walcour, t. Netherlands, on the Heure, 21 ra.
W. S. W. Namur, 9 S. Charleroy.
Wald, t, Germany, 4 m. N. VV. Solingen, 9 E. S.
E. Dusseldorp.
fValdauy i. Silesia, 3 m. N. W. Lignitz.
Waldawy t. Prussia, 8 m. E. Konigsberg.
Waldburg, t. and castle, Germany, in Wur-
temburg, which gives name to a county, between
the Iller and the Danube, 7 m. N. Wangen, 35 S.
S. W. Ulm.
Waldecky principality, Germany, formed in 1815,
out of the former counties of Waldeck and Pyr-
mont. It contains 476 square miles, 51,877 in-
habitants, and has a revenue of 40,000^, See
Waldeck county and Pyrmont.
Waldeck, formerly a county of Germany, bound-
ed N. by the bishopric of Paderborn, E. by Hesse,
S. by Hesse, and W. by the dutchy of Westphalia.
It lies between 51° and 51° 25' N. lat. and between
8° 35' and 9° 10' E. lon. The number of sq. miles
is 440, and the population 47,500.
Waldeck, t. Germany, in the principality of
Waldeck, 18 m. W. S. W, Casscl, 80 E. Cologn.
Lon. 9° 2' E. Lat. 51° 13' N. Pop. 1,000.
Waldeck, (Hofien,) t. Bavaria, 30 m. S. S. E.
Munich, 27 S. Wasserburg.
Walden. See Saffro)i Waldcn.
Walden, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 22 m. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 455.
Walden' s Island, small isl. in the North sea.
Lon. 18° 10' E. Lat. 80° 37' N .
Waldenburg, t. Wurtemburg, 6 m. E. Ohrin-
gen.
Waldenburg, t. Saxony, on the Mulda. The
old town of Waldenburg, which lies on the other
side of the Mulda, is famous for its earthen ware.
44 m. W. Dresden, 9 N. Zwickau. Lon. 12° 21'
E. Lat. 50° 48' N. Pop. 3,400.
Waldenburg, t. Switz. in Bale, 15 m. S. Bale, 15
N. E. Soleure.
Waldenburg, or Wallenburg, t. Silesia, 8 m. S.
W. Schweidnitz, 18 S. Jauer, Lon. 16° 5' E. Lat.
50°35'N. Pop. 1,800.
Waldenses, a people inhabiting the vallies of
Piedmont, who endured most dreadful persecu-
tions during the dark ages of the Church on ac-
count of their attachment to Christianity. In
1814, they were about 17,000 in number.
Waldheim, t. Saxony, on the Zschopa, 25 m. S.
E. Leipsic, 28 W. Dresden. Lon. 12° 51' E. Lat.
51° 4' N. Pop. 1,600.
Waldkirch,i. Baden, on the Elsach,6 m.N.Fri-
burg, 30 S. S. E. Strasburg. Lon. 8° E. Lat. 48°
T N. Pop. 2,033.
Waldmunchen, t. Bavaria, 30 m. N. E. Ratis-
bon, 28 E. S. E. Amberg. Pop. 1,144.
Waldoborough, p-t. and port of entry, Lincoln
CO. Maine, 22 ra. N. E. Wiscasset, 180 N- E. Bos-
ton. Pop. 2,160. Amount of shipping in 1816,
19,882 tons.
Waldsaxcn, or Waldsach, t. Bavaria, formerly
imperial, 4 m. S. S. W. Egra, 25 E. BayreuU,..
Pop. 1,100.
Waldshut, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 19 m. Vv'
Schaffhausen, 26 E. Bale. Pop. 1,023.
Waldstader Sec, or Lake of Lucern, ov Lake of
the four Cantons, one of the largest lakes of Swit-
zerland, extending from Lucern to Altorff, 20
miles. The river Reuss passes through it.
Walen, {El,) t. Africa, in Twat, 115 m. W. Ga-
damis. Lon. 3° 30' E. Lat. 22° 15' N.
Wales, {Principality of,) country, constituting
a part of Great Britain, bounded N. and W. by
the Irish sea, E. by England, and S. by the Sev-
ern and the Bristol channel ; about 150 miles
from N. to S. and from 50 to 80 broad. Extent,
8,125 square miles. The country is mountainous,
but not barren, producing all the necessaries of
life ; the air is good, the cattle and sheep are nu-
merous, but small. In the mountains are found
ores of various metals, free stone, limestone, and
coal. Pop. 632,600. The eldest son of the king
of England is always created prince of Wales.
Wales, (JVew,) a name sometimes given to a
part of North America, situated to the S. E. and S.
W. of Hudson's Bay, and divided into North and
South.
Wales, Mw South. See J^eiv South Wales.
Wales, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 26 m. N. W. Wis-
casset. Pop. 471.
Wales, i. Niagara co. N. Y.
Walet, city of Africa, and cap. of Beeroo, 250
m. W. I^ombuctou. Lon. 2° 45' W. Lat. 15°
45' N.
Walford, t. Grenville co. Upper Canada.
Walgrund, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, and one of
the Quarken Islands, 10 miles long. Lou. 20* 58'
E. Lat. 63° 13' N.
Walhausen, t. Swiaserland, 10 m. W. Lucerne.
Walkenried, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruns-
wick, 8 m. N. W. Nordhausen, 44 N.N. W. Er-
furt.
Walker, p-t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 553.
Walker'' s Key. one of the small Bahama Islands,
Lon. 78° 54' W.Lat. 26°50'N.
Walker's Cove, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America, in Behm's canal. Lon. 229° 20' E. Lat.
55°42'N.
Walkertown, p-t. King and Queen co. Va. on
the Mattapony, 120 m. from Washington.
Wallabout, or Wallaboght, the N. E. part of
Brooklyn, on Long Island, N. Y. It is the site of
a navy yard of the U. States. Here are deposited
the remains of about 10,000 prisoners of war, who
perished on board the Jersey, a British prison-ship
stationed at this place.
Wallace Toim, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 3 m. N.
E. Ayi'-
Wallasca, isl. in the German sea, on the coast
of Essex, at the mouths of the Coin and Black Wa-
ter. Lon. 0° 48' E. Lat. 5 1° 38' N.
Wallenburg, or Walenburg, t. SAvisserland, in
Bale, 12 m. S. Bale, 15 E. N. E. Soleure.
Wallenstadl, t. Swisserland, near the east end
of Wallenstadt Lake. It is a great thorougl)fare
for goods to and from Italy. 35 m. E. S. E. Zu-
rich, 8 W. Sargans.
Wallenstadt, lake, Swisserland, 9 m. S. Utz-
nach.
Wallerstein, t. Germany, with a castle, 4 m. N.
Nordlingen, 6 S, W. Oettingen.
Wallingford, t. Eng. in Berkshire, on the
Thames. It sends two members to parliament.
W A L
WAN
775
and has two markets weekly. 12 m. S. S. E. Ox-
ford, 46 W. London. Lon. 1° 7' W. Lat. 51°
36' N.
Wcdlingford, p-t, Rutland co. Vt. 25 m. W.
Windsor. Pop. 1,386.
Wallingford, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 13 m. N.
E. New-Haven, 23 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 2,325.
It contains an academy, and 5 churches, 2 for
Congregationalist?, and 1 each for Baptists, Epis-
copalians and Methodists.
Wallis's Bay or Harbour, bay in the straits of
Magellan, 12 m. i\. E. Cape Forward.
Widlis's Island, small isl. near the S. E. coast of
New Ireland, at the entrance of Gower's Harbor,
9 m. N. W. Cape St. George.
Wains' s Island, in the South Pacific ocean, sur-
rounded by a reef of rocks. Lon. 177° W. Lat.
13° 18' S.
Walliskofcn, v. Swisserland, 1 m. S. W. Zu-
rich..
Wallkill, r. which rises in New-Jersey, and af-
ter a course of 80 miles, joins the Hudson, at
Kingston, N. Y.
Wallkill, p-t Orange co. N. Y. 20 m. W. New-
burg, 118 from Albany. Pop. 4,213.
Walloe, t. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon. 4"
55' W.Lai. .5" 20' N.
Wallsey, one of the Shetland Islands. Lon. 1° 5'
W. Lat. 60° 35' N.
WaWsEnd, t. Eng. in Northumberland, famous
for its collieries. 5 m. E. N, F>. Newcastle.
Walmcrsley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 ra. N. Bol-
ton.
Walney, narrow isl. in the Irish sea, separated
from the coast of Lancashire, by a narrow channel.
Lon. 3° 10' W. Lat. 54° 3' N.
Walnut, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Lan-
caster,
Walnut, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7
m. above Circleville,
Walnut, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 11 m. S. Gallipolis.
Walnut branch, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Walnut, Big, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scio-
to, 10 m. below Columbus.
Walnut creek, r. Cattaraugus co. N. Y. which
runs into Lake Erie.
Walnut creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E.
side of the Scioto, 6 m. above Circleville.
Walnut Grove, p-v. Mercer co. Ken.
Walnut hill, p-v. Greenville co. S. C.
Walnut hills, p-v. and fort, Warren co. Missis-
sippi, on xMississippi river, 12 m. below the Yazoo,
134 above Natchez.
Walpach, t. Sussex co. N. J. on Delaware river,
50 m. N. W. New Brunswick. Pop. 591.
Wulpo, or Walpon, t. Sclavonia, on a river
which runs into the Drave, defended by an an-
cient castle. 20 m. N. W. Eszek.
Walpole, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie.
Walpole, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecti-
cut river, at Bellows Falls, 11 m. S. Charlestown,
12 N. W. Keene. Pop. 1,894.
Walpole, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 20 m. S. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,098.
Walsall, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, situated on a
small river, called Walsall Water, which soon af-
ter runs intothe Tame. It has manufactures, chief-
ly of buckles, bridle-bits, stirrups, otiier articles
for saddlers', and hardware in general. 10 m. N.
N. W. Birmingham, 126 N. N. W. Loudon. Lon.
1° 58' W. Lat. 52° 34' N. Pop. 1 1,189.
Walsham, or JVorth Walsham, t. Eng. in Xor-
folk, 14 m. N. N. E. Norwich, 123 N. N. E. Lon^
don. Lon. 1° 23' E. Lat. 52° 49' N.
Walsingham, (JVeic, or Great,) U Eng. in Nor-
folk CO. 22 m. N. E. Lynn, 1 16 N. N. E. London.
Lon. 0° 53' E. Lat. 52° 53' N.
Walsingham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Walsingham, Cape, on the E. coast of N. Amer-
ica, at the N. side of the entrance into Cumber-
land straits. Lon. 66° W. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Walsingham, Cape, at the S. E. extremity of
Hale island, at the entrance of Frobisher's straits.
Lon. 64" 58' W. Lat. 62° 50' N.
Walsrode, i. e. Walo''s Cross, t. Germany, 3 m.
N. W. Zell, 36 S. W. Luneburg. Lon. 9° 35' E.
Lat. 52° 54' N. Pop. 2,237.
Waltershausen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 4
m. S. S. W. Gotha, 13 S. E. Eisenach. Lon. 10°
38' E. Lat. 50° 56' N. Pop. 3,000.
Waltham Abbey, t. Eng. in Essex, on the river
Lee, which separates it from Waltham cross, 12
m. N. London.
Waltham on the Wold, t. Eng. in Leicestershire,
18 m. S. E. Nottingham, 110 N. London. Lon. 0°
48' W. Lat. 52° 50' N.
Waltham, (JVest,) or Waltham Cross,t. Eng. on
the W. side of the river Lee, partly in Middlesex
and Hertfordshire, 11 m. N. London, 10 S. Ware.
Waltham, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 30
m. S. Burlington. Pop. 244.
Waltham, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. on Charles
river, 11 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,014. It
contains several extensive manufacturing estab-
lishments, including 1 woollen and 2 cotton man-
ufactories.
Waltham, (Great,) t. Eng. in Essex, 4 m. N. E.
Chelmsford.
Walthamstow, v. Eng. in Essex, 6 m. N. N. E.
Ijondon.
Walton upon Thames, t. Eng. in Surry, on the
Thames, 18 m. W. S. W.London.
Walton,i. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3m. S. W. Ches-,
terfield.
Walt07i le Dale, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. W,
Blackburn.
Walton, v. Eng. in Glocester, 1 m. E. Tewkes-
bury.
Walton, p-t. Delaware co, N. Y, 15 m. S. W..
Delhi, 85 from Albany. Pop. 1,311.
Walton, CO. Geo. Pop. 1,026, including 60
slaves.
Waltungi, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 25° E. Lat. 65° 34' N.
Wamar, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
W, coast of Aroo. Lon, 134° 57' E. Lat, 5° 30' S.
Wampool, or Wampul, r, Eng. in Cumberland,
which runs into the Eden, at its mouth.
Wampu, t. China, on the river between Macao
and Canton, where vessels of different nations lie
to take in their lading, not being allowed to go up
higher. 7 m. S. Canton.
Wanasquialucket, r, R, Island, which runs into
Providence river, above Providence.
Wanda, t. Algiers, in Tremecen, 25 m. E. N.E.
Fez.
Wandipour, t. Bootan, defended by a citadel,
and considered as a place of great strength. 15
m. E. Tassasudon. Lon. 89° 47' E. Lat. 27" 50' N.
Wandiwash, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38 m, N.-
N, W. Pondicherry, 27 S, S, E. Arcot. Lon. 79°
46° E. Lat. 12" 31' N.
Warulle, r. Eng. in Surry, which runs intothe
Thames, below Wandsworth.
Wondo, r. Charleston district, S, €, which runs
776
WAR
WAR
into Cooper's river a few miles above Charles-
ton.
Wandsworth, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Wandle,
5 m. S. VV. London.
Wanfried, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Werra, 13 m. W. Mulhausen, 30 S. S. E. Cassel.
Lon. l(f 14' E. Lat. 51° 12' N. Pop. 1,700.
Wangara^ or Guagara, country, Africa, water-
ed by the Niger, which passes through it from W.
to E. It is subject to Bornou, which lies to tlie
north.
JVangen, t. Switz. in Berne, 20 m. S. Berne.
Wangen, t. Germany, in Wurtemburg, on the
Argen, lately imperial. 22 m. W. Kempten, 12
E. S. £. Ravensburg. Lon, 10° 50' E. Lat. 47"
43' N. Pop. 1,800.
Wangeroeg, isl. in the German ocean, 12 miles
in circumference, 4 m. from the coast of Friesland.
Lon. T 45' E. Lat. 53" 44' N.
Wangwell, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the S. coast of Waygoo. Lon. 131° 35' E. Lat. 0°
23' S.
Wansen, t. Silesia, 10 m. S. S. W. Ohlau, 11 S.
W. Brieg. Pop. 800.
Wantage, t. Eng. in Berkshire, 13 m. S. S. W.
Oxford, 60 W. London. Lon. 1° 21' W. Lat. 51"
35' N.
Wantage, t. Sussex co. N. J. 15 m. N. Newtown.
Pop. 2,969.
Wantsenau, t France, in Lower Rhine, 6 ra. N.
Strasburg.
Wanzleben, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 10 m.
W. S. W. xMagdeburg. Pop. 2, 1 00.
Wapakoneila, Indian town, Ohio, on the Aug-
laize.
Wapattoo island, in Columbia river, at the con-
fluence of the Multnomah. It is 20 miles long and
10 broad.
Wappmger''s creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the
Hudson, 8 m. below Poughkeepsie.
Wappinger's creek, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y.
Wappo, t. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 8°
20' W. Lat. 4° 55' N.
Wappocomo, r. Va. which runs into the Poto-
mac, 9 m. E. S. E. Fort Cumberland.
Wapuwagun Islands, islands near the coast of
Labrador. Lon. 60" 14' W. Lat. 50° 2' N.
Wara, city, Africa, cap. of Bergoo, 35 m. S. S.
E. Bornou. Lon. 25° 30' E. Lat. 15" 30' N.
Warang, or Formosa, small isl. near the coast of
Guinea. Lon. 16° 28' W. Lat. 11° 26' N.
Warangoie, t. Hind, in Golconda, 45m. N.N. E.
Hydrabad, 220 E. Visiapour. Lon. 79° 15' E.
Lat. 17° 55' N.
Warberg, or Warburg, t. Prussian States, in
Westphalia. It was formerly imperial, and one
of the Han?e towns. 16 m. S. S. E. Paderborn.
Lon. 9° 1 r E. Lat. 51° 37' N. Pop. 2,300.
Warberg, s-p. Sweden, with a harbour on the
North sea, which at present has only depth enough
for small vessels. It carries on considerable trade.
32 m. N. N. W. Halmstadt, 34 S. Gotheborg.
Lon. 12° 4' E. Lat. 57° 7' N.
Ward, r. Denmark, in North Jutland, whicli
runs into the North sea, 15 ni. N. N. W. Ripen.
Ward, t. Worcester co. Mass. 7 m. S. Worces-
ter, 45 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 540.
Wardan, or Ras Wardan, cape on the coa^t of
Arabia, in the Red sea, 5 m. S. Mastura.
Wardbridge, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Alan,
5 m. N. N. E. Bodmin, 241 W. S. W. London.
Lon. 4" 40' W. Lat. 50° 33' N.
Warde, or Varde, t. Denmark, iu North Jutland^
on the river Ward, 18 m. N. Ripen. Lon. 8° 28'
E. Lat. 55° 35' N.
Wardein Gros, t. Hungary, on the river Koros,
surrounded by good fortifications ; the see of a
bishop. The adjoining fortress is a regular penta-
gon, well fortified, besides a deep and broad moat.
Pop. 4,000. 66 m'. N. Temesvar, 54 W. Colosvar.
Lon. 21° 32' E. Lat. 46° 53' N.
Warden Ledge, rocky shoal on the W. coast of
the isle of Wight. Lon. 1" 23' W. Lat. 50° 41' N.
Wardhus, or Wardkuys, or Vardhuys, t. Nor-
wegian Lapland, and chief place of a government,
defended by a castle. Lon. 30° 28' E. Lat 70°
16' N.
Wardo, small isl. in the Baltic, E. of Aland.
Lon. 20° 12' E. Lat. 60° 15' N.
Wardour Castle, an ancient castle of England,
in Wiltshire, 18 m. W. Salisbury,
Wardsborough, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 38 m. S.
Windsor. Pop. 2,033.
Wardsbridge, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Wardwell, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y.
Ware, t. Eng. in Herts, on the E. side of the
river Lea ; a town of very considerable trade, es-
pecially in malt, of which it is said 5,000 quarters
have been sometimes sent in one week to London
by the barges. 3 m. E. Hertford, 21 N. London.
Lat. 51° 49' x\. Pop. 3,369.
Ware, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. S. E.
Northampton. Pop. 996.
Ware, r. Worcester co. Mass. which receives
the Quaboag, at Brookfield, and takes the name
of Chicapee.
Waree, t. Africa, capital of a country of the
same name, 60 m. S. Benin. Lon. 4° 48' E. Lat,
5" 25' N.
Wareham, t, Eng. in Dorsetshire, near the
mouth of the Frome, where it empties itself int©
Pool harbor. It sends two members to parliament.
10 m. W. S. W. Pool, 114 S. W. London. Lon.
2° 14' W. Lat. 50° 40' N.
Wareham, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass, on the sea
coast, 17 m. S. Plymouth. Pop. 851.
Waren, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 66° 48' N.
Warendorff, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on the Ems, 12 m. S. E. Munster. Lon. 8° 6' E,
Lat, 51° 52' N. Pop. 3,900.
Waresias, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21° 4' E. Lat. 60° 43' N.
Wargela, t. Africa, in Sahara, 250 m. N. W.
Agades. Lon. 9° 50' E. Lat. 23° 35' N.
Wargo, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the E. coast. Lon. 20° 57' E. Lat. 63° N.
Wargo, small isl. on the W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21° 47' E. Lat. 65° 17' N.
Wargrave, t. Eng. in Berkshire, on the right
bank of the Thames, 7 m. N. E. Reading.
Wariba, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, in lon. 59° 8' W. Lat. 6" 54' N.
Warin, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
in lon. 36° 58' W. Lat. 4° 55' S.
Wark, V. Eng. in Northumberland, near the
Tweed, 11 m. N. W. WoUcr, 3 S. W.Coldstream.
Warkworth, t. Eng. in Northumberland co. on
the Coquet, 14 m. N. Morpeth, 300 N. London.
Pop. 614.
Warlax, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21° 29* E. Lat. 63° 18' N.
Warley, t. Eng. m Yorkshire, 3;n. N. W. Hal-
W A R
W A R
777
tVarmbrunii, t. Silesia, celebrated for its warm
baths, 3 m. S. S. W. Hirschberg. Pop. 1,900.
Warmeland, province, in the old division of
Sweden, bounded N. by Norway and the province
of Ddlecarlia ; E. by VVestmanland and Nericia,
S. by the Wenner lake, and W. by Norway.
fVamdnster, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 22 m. W. S.
W. Salisbury, 97 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2° 11'
W. Lat. 5ri2'N.
Warminster, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 564.
Warminster, p-t. Amherst co. Va. on James riv-
er, 90 m. above Richmond.
Warm Spring Mountains, or Jackson's Moun-
tains, ridge of the Alleghany mountains, in Va.
Warm Springs of Buncombe. See Buncombe.
Warm Springs, p-v. York co. Pa.
Warm Springs, t. Clarke co. Arkansaw Terri-
tory, on the Wachitta. The springs are about 30
in number, are highly medicinal, and much re-
sorted to by invalids.
Warmsiadt, or Wormit, t. Prussia, 42 m. S. S.
W. Konigsberg. Lon. 20" 7' E. Lat. 54° 3' N.
Warne, or Warnow, r. Mecklenburg, which
passes by Rostock, and runs into the Baltic, at
Warnemunde.
Wame^ r. Eng. in Northumberland, which runs
into the Irish sea, 4 m. S. Holy Island.
Warnemunde, t. Mecklenburg- Schweriu, at the
mouth of the Warne, 9 m. N. Rostock.
Warner, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 13 m. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,838.
Wameton, t. Netherlands, 2 posts N. W. Lille,
2 S. E. Ypres.
Wamess, cape on the S. coast of the island of
Eday, Lon. 2° 42' W, Lat. 59° N.
Wamitz, t. Russia, in Bessarabia, near Ben-
der.
Warranarou, small isl. near the E. coast of the
island of St. Vincent. Lon. 61° 11' W. Lat. 13°
22' N.
Warren, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. E. Wis-
casset. Pop. 1,443.
Warren, t. Grafton co. N. H. 50 m. N. Concord.
Pop. 506.
Warren, t. AJdison co. Vt.
Warren, p-t. Bristol co. R. Island, on the E. side
of Warren river, 11 m. S. E. Providence, 19 from
Newport. Pop. 1,775. The village is pleasantly
situated, and contains about 180 houses, 2 church-
es, an academy, and a bank. The amount of
shipping owned here is about 3,000 tons.
Warren, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 38 m. from Hart-
ford, 45 from New Haven. Pop. 1,096.
Warren, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex co. E.
by Washington co. S. by Saratoga co- and W. by
Hamilton co. Pop. 1,465. Chief town, Caldwell.
Warren, p-t. Herkimer co. N.Y. 10 m. S. Her-
kimer, 15 N. Otsego, 70 W. Albany. Pop. 3,974.
Warren, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 1,354.
Warren, co. Pa. bounded N. and E. by New-
York, S. by Venango co. and W. by Crawford co.
Pop. 827.
Warren, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Pa. on the
right bank of the Alleghany, at the junction of the
Connewango, 70 m. E. S. E. Erie. Here is a good
harbor for boats.
Warren, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 436.
Warren, p-t. Albemarle co. Va.
Warren, co. N. C. Pop. 1 1,004, including 6,282
slaves. Chief town, Warrenton.
Warren, co. Geo. on the E. side of the Ogechee.
Pop, 8,725, including 3,048 slave=. Chief town,
Warrenton
98
Warren, co. Mississippi, at the confluence oi'
Yazoo river with the Mississippi. Pop. in 1816,
1,569, including 768 slaves. Chief town, War-
renton.
Warren, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 5,725, inclu-
ding 476 slaves. Chief town, Mac Minville.
Warren, co. Ken. Pop. 11,937, including 1,498
slaves. Chief town, Bowling Green.
Warren, co. Ohio, on the Little Miami. Pop.
in 1815, 12,065. Chief town, Lebanon.
Warren, p-t. and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, on
the Mahoning, 45 m. S. E. Fairport, on lake Erie,
77 N. W. Pittsburg. It has about 100 houses, a
court-house and jail, bank, Presbyterian church,
and is a thriving town.
Warren, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 6 m.
below Steubenville. Pop. in 1815, 2,340.
Warren, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 14 m. S. W. St.
Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 1,310.
Warren, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Warren, t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
3 m. below Marietta.
Warrenburg, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, 7 m. W. Caldwell. Pop. 887.
Warrenburg, p-t. Jackson co. Tennessee.
Warren's Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, at the
entrance of the Duke of Clarence's straits. Lon.
226° 22' E. Lat. 55° 56' N.
Warrenton, t. and cap. Faquier co. Va. 40 m. N.
N. W. Fredericksburg. It is handsomely built,
and contains a court-house and jail, and two
churches.
Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. N. C. 16
m. E. Hillsborough, 56 N. N. E. Raleigh, 83 S.
Petersburg, Va. It stands in an elevated, healthy
situation, and contains a court-house, jail, Meth-
odist church, and 2 academies.
Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Geo. 55
m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Pop. 123. Here is
an academy.
Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Mississip-
pi, on Mississippi river, 18 m. below Walnut
Hills.
Warrentown, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 14 m. below Steubenville.
Warrington, t. Eng. in Lancaster co. on the N.
side of the Mersey. Plere is a large manufacture
of sail cloth and sacking. Copper smelting fur-
naces, glass-houses, and cotton manufactories have
also been established. 18 m. E. Liverpool, 184
N. N. W. London. Pop. 11,738.
Warrington, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 429.
Warrington, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,105.
Warriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 32 m. N. N,
E. Tanjore, 55 S. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 79° 26'
E. Lat. 11° 16' N.
Warrior^ s Mark, t Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop.
672.
Warsaw, city, in the new kingdom of Poland, on
the Vistula, surrounded vrith a moat and double
wall, and consists of Old and New Town, and two
suburbs, Kraka and Praga. The general diets ol
Poland were usually held here, as well as the pro-
vincial assembly, and court of judicature. Here
are several elegant stone buildings and palaces, a
great number of beautiful churches and convents,
a hospital, and an arsenal. 150 m. S. Konigsberg.
Lon. 21° 9' E. Lat. 52° 12' N. Pop. 64, 421.
Warsaw, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. S. Bata-
via. Pop. 1,317.
Warsaw, isl. off the coast of Geoi^ia, 16 miles
in circumference. Loq. 81° 8' W. Lat, 32° 52' N.
im
WAS
Warsaw, t. Harrison co. Indiana, on the Ohio,
14 m. from Corydon.
Warta, r. which rises near Cracow, and runs
into the Oder at Custrin.
JVartenberg, t Bavaria, 24 m. N. E. Munich.
Wartenberg, t. Silesia, and cap. of a lordship of
the same name, 14 m. N. E. Oels, 28 N. N. E.
Brieg. Lon. 17° 45' E. Lat. 61" 18' N. Pop.
1,700.
Wartenburg, castle, Bavarian circle of the
Rhine, 6 m. N. E. Lautern.
Wartenburg, t. Prussia, 63 m. S. Konigsberg, 52
E.Elbing. Lon. 20" 40' E. Lat. 53" 43' N.
Wartenberg, t. Silesia, 18 m. N. W. Gros Glo-
gau, 10 S. E. Grunberg. Lon. 15° 45' E. Lat.
51° 62' N.
Wartha, t. Silesia, on the Neisse, 6 m. N. E.
Glatz, 13 W. S. W. Munsterberg. Lon. 16° 35' E.
Lat. 50° 20' N. Fop. 800.
Warwick, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, on the
Avon. Here is a strong castle, formerly the seat
of the earls of Warwick. 10 m. S. S. W. Coven-
try, 93 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1° 35' W. Lat. 52°
n N. Pop. 6,497.
Warwick, co. Eng. bounded N. E. by Leices-
tershire, E. by Northamptonshire, S. by Ox-
fordshire and Gloucestershire, W. by Worcester-
shire, and N. W. by Staffordshire ; 50 miles long
from N. to S. Pop. 228,735.
Warwick, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of
the St. Lawrence.
Warwick, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 33
m. S. E. Three Rivers.
Warwick, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. E.
Greenfield. Pop. 1,227.
Warwick, t. and cap. Kent co. R. L on the N.
W. arm of Narraganset bay, with a good harbor
for vessels offrom 20 to 50 tons. Pop. 3,757. It
is extensively engaged in manufactures, having,
beside smaller manufactures, no less than 15 cot-
ton factories, containing together 18,000 spindles.
It has also some shipping employed in the coasting
trade. Here are 2 incorporated banks. The vil-
lage of Apponaug is in the S. part of the town, 10
m. S. S. W. Providence, and contains about 50
houses, an academy, and a Baptist church.
Warwick, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Go-
shen, 54 N. New- York, 120 S. Albany. Pop.
3,978. It has extensive iron works.
Warwick, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,287.
Warwick, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 4,339.
Warwick, t. Cecil co. Md. 9 m. N. E. George-
town.
Warwick, co. Va. bounded N. by York co. E. by
Elizabeth city co. S. by James river, and W.
by James city co. Pop. 1,835, including 1,120
slaves.
Warwick, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on the S. side
of James river, 5 m. below Richmond.
Warwick, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. ia
1815, 3,000. Chief town, Darlington.
Wasa, or Vasa, seaport, Russia, 50 m. N. Abo.
Lon. 21° 29' E. Lat. 63° 5' N. Pop. 2, 178.
Washes, The, lands on the coast of England, be-
tween the counties of Norfolk and Lincoln, which
are passable at low water, but overflowed by eve-
ry tide. They are dangerous to strangers, who
are unacquainted with the quick-sands.
Washington, co. Maihe, bounded E. by New-
Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Penob-
scot and Hancock counties?.' Pop. 7,870. Chief
town, aiachias.
WAS
Washington, t. Hancock co. Maine, 20 m. N-
W. Castine.
Washington, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 27 m. W.
Concord. Pop. 820.
Washington, co. Vt. inclosed by the counties of
Orleans, Caledonia, Orange, Addison, and Chit-
tenden. Chief town, Montpelier.
Washington, t. Orange co. Vt 43 m. N. Wind-
sor. Pop. 1,040.
Washington, Mount, the highest summit of the
White Mountains, N. H.
Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 m, E.
Lenox. Pop. 942.
Washington, co. R. I. bounded N. by Kent co.
E. by Narraganset bay, S. by the Atlantic, and
W. by Connecticut. Pop. 14,962. Chief town,
South Kingston.
Washington, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 40 m. S. W.
Hartford. Pop. 1,575. Here are 2 mills for saw-
ing marble, 2 forges, 1 slitting mill, 1 nail factory,
2 trip hammers, 4 grain mills, 2 fulling mills, 2
carding machines, and 5 saw mills.
Washington, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex co.
E. by Vermont, S. by Rensselaer co. and W. by
the Hudson. Pop. 43,000. Chief towns, Salem
and Kingsbury.
Washington, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 15 m. N.
E. Poughkeepsie, 80 S. Albany. Pop. 2,854. Here
is a respectable Quaker boarding school, with a
building 3 stories high for the accommodation of
100 scholars.
Washington, v. in Watervliet, N. Y. on the
Hudson, opposite Troy. Here is a U. States arse-
nal.
Washington, p-t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,793.
Washington, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 1,273.
Washington, co. Pa. bounded N. by Alleghan%
CO. and W'. by Brooke co. Pop. 36,289.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Penn
on one of the head branches of Chartier's creek,
26 m. S. W. Pittsburg, 32 E, N. E. Wheeling, 25
N. W. Brownsville. It is a flourishing town, sur
rounded by a fertile and well cultivated countr\
and contained in 1818, an elegant court-house, ;.
college, 2 banks, 2 printing offices, a large steam
flour mill, besides other manufacturing establish-
ments, 400 dwelling houses, and more than 2,000
inhabitants. Washington college was established
in this place about 15 years since, and had in 1817,
a president, 2 professors, a library and philosoph-
ical apparatus, and about 100 students connected
with it, either as undergraduates, or as pursuing
preparatory studies. The course of education is
completed in three years. The college edifice is
of stone, and three stories high.
Washington, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,160.
Washington, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,709.
Washington, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 755.
Washington, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E.
bank of the Susquehannah, 3 m. below Columbia.
Washington, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 675.
Washington, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop.
438.
Washington, t, Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop.
1,695.
Washington, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 441.
Washington, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsyl-
vania, E. by Frederick CO. S. by the Potomac, and
W. by Alleghany co. Pop. 18,730, including
2,656 slaves. Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Washington City, in the district of Columbia,
the metropolis of the United States of America, is
WAS
pleasantly situated on the N. E. bank of the river
Potomac, at the point of land formed by the junc-
tion of the Eastern branch, 300 miles from the
mouth of the river, and 3 below the head of the
tide. It is separated from Georg;etown on the
iV. W. by Rock creek, and Tyber creek passes
through the middle of the city. Washington is
regularly laid out in streets running due north
and south, intersected by others at right angles.
Besides these streets, which are from 80 to 110
feet wide, there are avenues from 130 to 160 feet
broad, which diverge from centres in various parts
of the city, crossing the other streets transversely.
The avenues are named after tlie different States
of the Union, the streets which run east and west
after the letters of the alphabet, and those which
run north and south are numbered 1, 2, 3, Sic.
At the points from which the avenues diverge are
spacious squares. The ground embraced in the
plan of the city is very extensive, but only a small
portion of it is yet occupied with buildings.
The principal public buildings and establish-
ments are — 1. The Capitol, which is finely situa-
ted on an eminence, commanding a view of every
part of the city, and a considerable portion of the
adjacent country. According to the original plan,
it is to be composed of a central edifice and two
wings. The two wings were in a considerable
state of forwardness in 1814, when the British ar-
my under General Ross gained possession of the
city and destroyed them, together with the Presi-
dent's house and other public structures, and an
extensive library which had been purchased for
the use of Congress. The wings of the capitol
are now re-built, and the central building has
been commenced. The wings are each 100 feet
square, and the whole building when completed
will be a most magnificent edifice, presenting a
front ot 362 feet. 2. The President's house, situ-
ated about a mile and a half west of the capitol,
on the avenue leading to Georgetown. It is 170
feet by 85, and two stories high. 3. Four spa-
cious brick buildings erected in the vicinity of the
President's house, for the accommodation of the
heads of the great departments of government.
4. A comfortable marine barrack, with a house
for the residence of the commandant of the ma-
rine corps. 5. An extensive navy yard, situated
on the Eastern Branch, which forms a safe and
commodious harbour. Here is an elegant mar-
ble monument, erected by the American officers
to the memory of their brethren, who fell before
Tripoli. 6. A small fort, which, from the ex-
treme southern point of the land on which the
city stands, commands the channel of the Poto-
mac. And, 7. The general post-office, a brick
edifice, about a mile W. N. W. of the Capitol,
where the patent office is also kept. The style
of the architecture of the Capitol is Corinthian,
and that of the President's house Ionic ; and both
buildings are constructed of free-stone. The capi-
tol square is inclosed by a strong and handsome iron
railing ; and being planted with trees, and other-
wise ornamented, will afford a delightful walk for
the inhabitants and visitors of the city. Similar
improvements arc going on at the president's
square, which will add greatly to its beauty and
accommodations.
Besides the buildings and establishments above
enumerated, Washington contains a city hall, a
theatre, a penitentiary, a circus, a masonic hall,
4 banks, including a branch of the U. States bank,
a female orphan asylum, a Lancasterian school, 7
WAS
779
printing offices, an extensive cannon foundery, a
paper mill, a window-glass manufactory, and 12
houses for public worship, 3 for Presbyterians, 2
for Episcopalians, 2 for Baptists, 2 for Methodists,
2 for Catholics, and 1 for Friends. Adjoining the
city is a brick edifice for a college, 4 stories high,
and 117 feet long by 47 wide, situated on elevated
ground, nearly north of the President's house,
and commanding an extensive prospect of the
city, Georgetown, Alexandria, the Potomac riv-
er, See. Among the other literary institutions
are a medical society, a botanical society, and the
Columbian Institute, which consists of 3 classes,
viz. mathematical sciences, physical sciences,
moral and political sciences, general literature,
and the fine arts. There is a bridge about one
mile long over the Potomac, on piles, built in
1809; three over the Eastern Branch, and two
over Rock creek. There is also a canal con-
necting Tyber creek with the Eastern branch.
The amount expended by the U. States on the
public buildings previously to their destruction by
the British in August 1814, was $1,214,291, and
there have been appropriated towards rebuilding
the same, $1,207,788. The value of the lands be-
longing to the U. States within the city on the 31st
Dec. 1816, was estimated at more than $7,000,000,
and the lots which had been sold previously to
that period had yielded to the national treasury
$689,195. The population of Washington in
1800, was 3,210; in 1810, 8,208, of whom 2,304
were people of color. In 1820, the population was
13,322, and the number of houses 2,141, of which
about one half were of brick. Lat. 38°58'N. Lon.
77" 2' W. from Greenwich.
Washington, co. in the S. W.part of Va. Pop.
12,136, including 1,448 slaves. Chief town, Ab-
ingdon.
Washington, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Washington, co. N. C. Pop. 3,464, includintj
1,287 slaves. Chief town, Plymouth.
Washington, p-v. Beaufort co. N. C.
Washington, co. Georgia, on the E.side of Oco-
nee river. Pop. 9,940, including 3,513 slaves.
Chief town, Sandersville.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Wilkes co. Geo. 50
m. W. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 605. It is regular-
ly laid out, and contains a court-house, jail, bank,
academy, and printing office, from which a news-
paper is issued.
Washington, co. Alabama, on the W. side of the
Tombigbee. Chief town, St. Stephens.
Washington, p-t. Adams co. Mississippi, is on
St. Catherine's creek, about 6 miles E. of Natch-
ez, in a healthy and pleasant situation, and sur-
rounded by wealthy and well peopled settlements.
For 15 years it was the seat of government for
Mississippi Territory. Jefferson college in this
town was incorporated in 1802, and an edifice 170
feet by 40 has been erected for the accommoda-
tion of students. Pop. in 1810, 524 ; in 1818, es-
timated at 1,000.
Washington, co. East Tennessee, bordering on
N. Carolina. Pop. 7,740, including 850 slaves.
Chief town, Jonesborough.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Rhea co. E. Tennes-
see, on the W. side of Tennessee river, 75 m. S.
W. Knoxville.
Washington, co. Kentucky. Pop. 13,248, in-
cluding 2,245 slaves. Chief town, Springfield.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Mason co. Ken. 3 m.
S. W. Maysville. It is regularly laid out, and
contains a brick jail, 2 churches, 1 for Presbyte-
730
WAT
WAT
rians, of stone, and 1 for Baptists, an academy,
and a printing office.
Washington, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, at the
junction of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. Pop.
in 1815, 7,100. Chief town. Marietta.
Washington, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river.
Washington, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Fayette co. Ohio, 40
in. S. W. Columbus, 30 N. Chillicothe. It con-
tains a court-house and jail, and about 40 houses.
Washington, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Scio-
to, 10 m. above Columbus, Pop. in 1812, 485.
Washington, p-t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. E.
Cambridge.
Washington, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Washington, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the
Miami, 11m. below Dayton.
Washington, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, in which is
Circleville, the seat of justice for the county.
Washington, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Washington, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Washington, t. Scioto co. Ohio, at the junction
of the Scioto and Ohio rivers, opposite Ports-
mouth.
Washington, t. Warren co. Ohio.
Wa^hiiLgton, co. Indiana. Pop. in 1815, 6,606.
Chief town, Salem.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Davis co. Indiana, at
the forks of White river, 20 m. from Vincennes.
It contains a court-house and jail.
Washington, co. Illinois, on Kaskaskias river.
Pop. in 1818, 1,707. Chief town, Covington.
Washington, co. Missouri.
Washington's Islands, islands near the W. coast
of N. America, called Qween Charlotte's Islands.
Washington Point, point of land formed by the
confluence of the S. and E. branches of Elizabeth
river, 1 m. above Norfolk. Here is a U. States
marine hospital of brick.
Washita. See Wachitta.
Washminsker Islands, cluster of islands near
the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 50° N.
Wassaw Island. See Warsaw.
Wassela, country of Africa, bounded N. and W.
by Mandinga and Bambarra, E. by Kong, and S.
by Guinea. Lon. 4" 60' to 5° 45' W. Lat. 10° 50'
to 12° 20' N.
Wassens Point, cape on the E. coast of Cochin-
china. Lat. 12° 3' N.
Wasserburg, t. Bavaria, with a castle and 4
churches ; the chief trade is in salt, 38 m. W. N.
W. Salzburg, 30 E. Munich. Lon. 12° 13' E. Lat.
48° 3' N. Pop. 2,081.
Wassertrudingen, t. Bavaria, on the Wernitz, 13
m. S. Anspacb, 10 E. Dinkensbuhl. Lon. 10" 35'
E. Lat. 49" 2' N. Pop. 1,942.
Wasungen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen,
on the Werra, 3 m. N. Meinungen, 4 S. W. Smal-
kalden. Lon. 10" 38' E. Lat. 50° 41' N. Pop. 1,700.
Watauga, r. which rises in N. Carolina, and
passing into Tennessee, joins the Holston.
Watch point, cape, R. I. 7 leagues from Block
Island.
Watcher, J^orth, or -Seven Islands, small islands,
in the StraHs of Macassar, near the W. coast of
Celebes. Lon. 1 19° 33' E. Lat. 0° 27' S.
Watcher, South, small isl. in the Straits of Ma-
cassc-r, near the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119°
24'E. Lat.0°3'S.
Watchet, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Bristol
ChKunel, formerly a place of considerable trade,
20 m. N. W. Taunton, 153 W. London. Lon. 3"
29'W.Lat.51°9'N.
Walehoo, isl. in the South Pacific Ocean, about
6 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 158° 15' W. Lat.
20" 1' S.
Water Point, cape on the E. coast of Java. Lon.
114°33'E. Lat. 7°55'S.
Waierborough, t. Queen Anne's co. New-Bruns-
wick, on the E. side of St. John's river.
Waterborough, p-t. York co. Maine, 25 m. N.
York. Pop. 1,395.
Waterbury, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion
river, 12 m. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 966.
Waterbury, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 20 m. from
New-Haven. Pop. 2,874.
Wateree, r. which rises in N. Carolina, under
the name of Catabaw, and passing into S. Caroli-
na, joins the Congaree to form Santee river.
Water/ord, city and seaport, Ireland, on the riv-
er Suir, whicli soon after joins the Barrow, and
forms a bay called Water/ord Harbor. It is the
see of a bishop. The commerce with England and
other countries is very considerable ; and packet
boats sail regularly to and from Milford-Haven.
The principal exports are beef, pork, corn, but-
ter, and linei. 53 m. E. N. E. Cork, 75 S. S. W.
Dublin. Lon. 7° 8' W. Lat. 52" 14' N. Pop. 35,000.
Watcrford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Kil-
kenny and Tipperary, E. by Wexford, S. by the
sea, and W. by Cork. Pop. about 1 10,000.
Water/ord, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 12 m. S. W.
Paris. Pop. 860.
Water/ord, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. on Connecti-
cut river, 32 m. E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,289.
Water/ord, t. New-London co. Ct. on the
Thames, 4 m. from New-London, 37 from Hart-
ford. It contains 2 churches for Baptists. Pop.
2,185.
Water/ord, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud-
son, at its confluence with the Mohawk, opposite
Lansingburgh, with which it is connected by a
bridge, 10 m. above Albany. A bridge is also here
thrown across the Mohawk, and commands a view
of Cahoos falls. The village of Waterford is
handsomely laid out, and contains 2 churches and
about 200 houses.
Water/ord, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 2,105.
Water/ord, or Le Boeu/, p-t. Erie co. Pa. on Le
Boeuf, a navigable branch of French creek, 16 m.
S. Lake Erie. The creek is here 2 rods wide, but
of depth sufficient for boats of the greatest burden,
and is the thoroughfare of the commerce between
Pittsburg and Erie. Waterford contains about 50
houses.
Water/ord, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa.
Water/ord, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Water/ord, p-t. Washington co. Ohio, on the
Muskingum, 16 m. above Marietta.
Waterland, isl. in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 149
30' W. Lat. 14°46'S.
Waterloo, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, 12 m. S.
Brussels, rendered famous by one of the most tre-
mendous and eventful battles recorded in modern
history, fought on Sunday, June 18th, 1815, be-
tween the allied British, Hanoverian, German,
and Belgic troops under the duke of Wellington,
and the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. The
allied army amounted to about 70,000 men, and
the French to 90,000. The French were totally
defeated, and the hopes of Bonaparte frustrated
forever. The loss on-both sides is very variously
stated.
Waterloo, British settlement in W. Africa, in the
E. part of the colonv of Sierra Leone. Pop. in
1820. 700.
WAT
WAY
781
Waterloo, p-t. and cap. Seneca co. N. Y. on
Seneca river, 5 m. E. Geneva. Here are falls in
the river, around which locks are constructed.
Waterloo is a rapidly growing place. It contains
a court-house, jail, and a printing office from
which a newspaper is issued.
Walerqueechy. See Queechi/.
Watersay, one of the Western Islands of Scot-
land. Lon. 7° 30' W. Lat. 56° 54' N.
Watertown, p-t Middlesex co. Mass. on Charles
river, 7 miles from its mouth, and 7 W. N. W.
Boston. It contains several manufacturing estab-
lishments, and a national arsenal is about to be
erected here. Pop. 1,531.
Watertown, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 26 m. from
New-Haven, 30 from Hartford. Pop. 1,714. It
contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Episcopalians.
Watertown, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. N. Y. on
Black river, 12 m. from Sackett's Harbor, 80 N.
Utica, 174 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,841. The
river is navigable for boats to Brownville, 4 miles
below. Watertown contains a court-house and
jail, a State arsenal, a printing office, from which
a weekly paper is issued. Many of the dwelling
houses are elegant.
Watervilk, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the
W. side of Kennebeck river, opposite Winslow, to
•which it once belonged, 20 m. N. Hallowell, 15 S.
E. Norridgewock. It contains a bank and has
considerable trade. There is a flourishing village
on the Kennebeck, at Teconic falls, which are at
the head of boat navigation on the river, and af-
ford numerous excellent sites for mills and manu-
facturing establishments. In this village is a Lite-
rary and Theological Institution under the direc-
tion of the Baptist denomination, established in
1818. Pop. 1,314.
Waterville, v. in Sangerfield, Oneida co N. Y.
Walertille, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Watervliet, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
6 m. above Albany. Pop. 2,365. It contains
among other manufactories, a bell foundery and a
manufactory of iron screws. At Niskayuna in this
town, there is a village of Shakers.
Watford, t. Eng. in Herts, 11m. S. W. Hert-
ford, 14 N. W. London. Lon. 0° 25' W. Lat. 51"
41' N.
Watkinsonville, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Geo. 10
m. S. Athens. It contains a court-house and jail.
Watling's Island, one of the Bahama Islands,
about 18 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 74° 16'
W. Lat. 23° 50' N.
Watling-street, a road thrown up by the Ro-
mans, which extends through England, from Do-
ver to Cardigan in Wales ; many parts of which
remain at this time.
Watlington, t. Eng. in Oxfordshire, 25 m. S. E.
Oxford, 46 W. London. Lon. 0° 55' W. Lat. 51°
39' N.
Wato, t. Sweden, on an island in the Baltic, 10
m. E. N. E. Nortlege. Lon. 18° 43' E. Lat. 59°
54' N.
Waisness. cape on the W. coast of the island of
Shetland. Lon. 2° 6' W. Lat. 60° 19' N.
Watsons^ Island, isl. in the Mergui archipelago.
Lat. 9° 36' N.
Wattenschied, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
5 m. S. W. Bockum.
Watton, t. Eng. in Norfolk co. 21m. W. Nor-
wich, 90 N. N. E. London. Lon. 0° 50* E. Lat.
52°34'N.
Watfsborough. p-v. Lunenburg co. Va.
Wattuskijlet, channel of the Baltic, between
the island of Aland and the coast of Finland.
Waveney, v. Eng. in Suffolk, which joins the
Yare, at its mouth.
Waughsburg, p-v. Stokes co. N. C.
Wawarsing, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W.
Kington. Pop. 1,325.
Waway, small isl. near the E. coast of Celebes,
about 40 miles in circumference. Lon. 123° 30'
E. Lat. 4° 8' S.
Waxholm, fortress on the coast of Sweden, on
a small island at the entrance of the channel of
the Malar lake, 16 m. E. Stockholm. Lon. 18° 16'
E. Lat. 59° 21' N.
Wayaconda, r. Missouri, which flows into the
Mississippi, S. of the Desmoins.
Waybari, r. Guiana, which runs into the At-
lantic, in lon. 58° 6' W. lat. 6° 25' N.
Waygoo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 60 miles
long, from E. to W. and 25 broad. Lon. 130° 31'
to 131° 40' E. Lat. 0° 2' N. to 0° 30' S.
Wayne, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Augusta.
Wayne, p-t Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. N. E. Bath.
Pop. 1,025.
Wayne, co. Pa. bordering on New York. Pop.
4,125. Chief town, Bethany.
Wayne, co. Geo. on the S. side of the Alata-
maha. Pop. 676.
Wayne, co. Mississippi, bordering on Alabama.
Pop. in 1816, 2,084, including 517 slaves.
^ai^e, CO. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 9,000. Chief
town, Wooster.
Wayne, t. Adams co. Ohio.
Wayne, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. Jef-
ferson.
Wayne, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 16 m. S. W. St.
Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 520.
Wayne, t Butler co. Ohio, 8 m. N. Hamilton.
Wayne, t Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
560.
Wayne, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Wayne, t. Dark co. Ohio.
Wayne, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Wayne, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Steuben-
ville.
Wayne, t. Knox co, Ohio.
Wayne, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami,
7 IT), above Dayton.
Wayne, t. Muskingum co. Ohio.
Wayne, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, op-
posite Circleville.
Wayne, t. Scioto co. Ohio, in which is Ports-
mouth, the county seat.
Wayne, co. Indiana, bordering on Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 6,290. Chief town, Centreville.
Wayne, co. Illinois, W. of Edwards co.
Wayne co. Michigan Territory. Chief town,
Detroit.
Waynesborough, borough and p-t. Franklin ^
CO. Pa.
Waynesborough, p-t. and cap. Green co. Pa. 22
m. S. Washington, 51 S. S. W. Pittsburg. Pop.
580.
Waynesborough, p-rv. Augusta co. Va.
Waynesborough, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. N. C.
on the Neuse, 50 m. S. E. Raleigh.
Waynesborough, p-t. and cap. Burke co. Geo.
on Briar creek, 14 m. from Savannah river, 30 m.
S. Augusta, 25 N. E. Louisville, 100 N. W. Sa-
vannah. It contains a courthouse and jail, an
academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and
1 for Methodists.
7^
W E I
Waynesburg, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Waynesville, p-v. and cap. Haywood co. N. C.
WaynesvUle, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on the Little
Miami, 10 m. E. Lebanon.
Wayte, rocky islet in the straits of Macassar.
Lon. n9»18'E. Lat. 0° 40' S.
Wear. See Were.
Weare, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 12 m. S. W.
Concord. Pop. 2,630.
Weathersfield, p-t, Windsor co. Vt. on Connecti-
cut river, 7 m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,115.
Weathersfield. See Welhersfield, Ct.
Weathersfield, t Trumbull co. Ohio, 5 m. S. E.
Warren.
Webhamet, r. Maine, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, at Wells.
Wechselburg, t. Saxony, 4 m. N. N. E. Penig, 3
S. Rochlitz.
Weckholm, t. Sweden, 22 m. S. W. Upsal.
Wed el Casaab, r. Algiers, which runs into the
Mediterranean, 5 m. S. cape Falcon.
Wed el Kibbeer, (an. Ampsaga,) r. Algiers,
which runs into the Mediterranean, 15 m. S. Sebba
Rous. Lon. 6° 28' E. Lat. 36° 57' N.
Wtd el Mailah, i. e. the Salt River, r. Algiers,
which runs into the Mediterranean, 10 m. S. S. E.
cape Figalo.
Wed el Shaier, r. Africa, which after a N. E.
course of 30 miles changes its name to Mailah,
and finally loses itself in the Shott.
Wedenschweil, t. Switzerland, on the S. W.
coast of lake Zurich, 9 m. S, Zurich, 10 N. E
Zug.
Wedge Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
near the E. coast of the Prince of Wales's archi-
pelago. Lon. 22° 20' E. Lat. 55° 8' N.
Wednesbury, or Wedgebury, t. Eng. in Stafford-
shire, in the midst of mines of coal, with manu-
factures of nails, hammers, axes, &c. 8 m. N. W.
Birmingham, 118 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 1' W.
Lat. 52° 33' N. Pop. 5,372.
Wednesjieldy v. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N. E.
Wolverhampton.
Weebotuck, r. N. Y. which enters the Housaton-
nuc, at Dover, on the borders of the State.
Weels, r. Germany, which fails into the Weser,
8 m. N. W. Bremen.
Weerdl, or Werdt, t. Prussian states, in West-
phalia, on the Old Issel, 40 m. W. Munster. Lon.
€° 33" E. Lat. 51° 52' N. Pop. 2, 100.
Weert, or Wert, t. Netherlands, 10 m. W. Ru-
remond, 13 S. W. Venlo. Lon. 5° 43' E. Lat, 51"
17' N.
Weferlingen, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 25
m. N. Halberstadt. Pop. 1,400.
Wegeleben, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 5 m.
N. Quedlingbui^, 4 E. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,100.
Weggis, t. Switzerland, on the N. side of the
lake of Lucerne, 7 m, E. Lucerne.
Wehax, Lill, and Stor, 2 small islands on the E.
side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 21° 7' E. Lat.
60°45'N.
Welilen, or Wehlau, or Wehl-Stadtel, t. Saxony,
5 ra. S. Pirna. Pop. 650.
Weichtersbach, or Wechterbnch, t. Germany, on
the Kinzig, 23 m. E. Francfort on the Maine.
Weida, r, Silesia, which joins the Oder, near
Breslau.
Weiden, t. Bavaria, on the Nab, 17 m. N. E.
Sulsbach, 42 N. Ratisbon. Lon, 12° 3' E. Lat. 49°
40' N. Pop. 2,152.
Weighton, or Market-Wighton, t. Eng. in York-
shire, 18 m. S. S. E. York, 191 N. London,
WEI
Weil, t. Wurtemberg, on the Wirm, 10 m. W.
S. W. Stuttgart, 40 N. E. Friburg. Lon. 8° 50'
E. Lat. 48° 48' N. Pop. 1,800.
Weilbach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Lahn, 2 m. S. Weilburg.
Weilburg, t. Germany, in Nassau, 9 m. W.
Wetzlar, 21 N. Mentz. Lon. 8° 18' E. Lat. 50°
26' N. Pop. 1,800.
Weile, or Wedel, seaport, Denmark, in North
Jutland, on a bay in the Little Belt, 38 m. N. E.
Ripen, 35 S. S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat.
55° 45' N.
Weilhaim, or Weilheim, t. Bavaria, 26 m. S. W.
Munich, 38 S. S. E. Augsburg, Lon. 11° 4' E.
Lat. 47" 44' N. Pop. 1,862.
Weilheim, t. Wurtemberg, on the Lauter, 20 m.
N. E. Ulm, 20 S. E. Stuttgart. Lon. 9° 35' E.
Lat. 48° 33' N.
Weimar, Grand Duchy of, one of the German
States. It consists of two detached territories in
the centre of Germany, one called the province
of Weimar, the other the province of Eisenach,
containing together 1,460 square miles, with
201,000 inhabitants, 33 cities, 10 market towns,
and 679 villages. The revenue is £150,000.
Weimar, t. Germany, and capital of Saxe- Wei-
mar, with a palace, in which the duke has a valu-
able library, a cabinet of medals, a museum, and
a gallery of paintings ; and where are kept the
archives of the Ernestine line of the dukes of
Saxony. 94 m. W. Dresden, 46 S. W. Leipsic.
Lon. 1 r 22' E. Lat. 51° 2' N. Pop. 10,000.
Weinfelden, t. Switzerland, 4 m, S. W. Con-
stance, 25 N. E. Zurich. Pop, 2,000.
Weingarten, t. Baden, 13 m, S. S, E, Spire, 21
S. S, E, Manheim, Lon. 8° 30' E. Lat. 49" 3' N.
Pop, 2,622,
Weinheim, t. Baden, famous for its wine, 9 m.
N, Heidelberg, 8 N. E. Manheim. Pop. 4,039.
Weinsberg, t. Wurtemberg, 5 m. N. E. Heil-
bronn. Pop. 1,700, The valley in which it lies
is famous for its wine.
Weir, one of the smaller Orkney islands,
Weisenhorn, t, Baden, on the Roth, 11 m. S. E.
Ulm. Lon. 10° 8' E. Lat. 48° 17' N.
Weiskirchen, or Hranitze, t. Moravia, 15 m. E.
N. E. Prerau, 24 E. S. E. Olmutz. Lon. 17° 43' E.
Lat. 49° 30' N. Pop, 3,200.
Weismayn, t, Bavaria, 20 m, N. E, Bamberg.
Lon, 11" 18' E, Lat, 50" 6' N,
Weissemburg, or Korn Weisscmburg, or Wis-
semburg, t. !'"rance, in Lower Rhine, on the Lau-
ter, at the loot of the Vosges, 27 m, N. Strasburg,
12 S, S. W. Landau. Lon, 8" E. Lat, 49° 3' N.
Pop, 4,097.
Weissemburg, t, Bavaria, with 2 churches and a
medicinal spring, 28 m, S, S, W. Nurembei'g^, 48
W. Ratisbon. Lon. 10° 55' E. Lat. 48° 58' N.
Pop, 4,000,
Weissemburg, or Alba Julia, or Carlsburg, or
Fejerrar, t, Transylvania, capital of a county, and
see of a bishop, on the Maros, 90 m. N. E, Temes-
var, Lon, 24° 10' E, Lat, 46° 16' N. Pop,
11,279.
Weissenau, a princely abbey, Wurtemberg, 2
m, S. Ravensburg.
Wemenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Rezat, with
manufactures in gold and silver. Pop. 6,000.
Weissenburg, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,046.
Weissenfels, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, on the
Saal, 18 m. W, S. W. Leipsic, 6 N. E, Naumburg.
Lon. 11° 59' E. Lat 51° 14' N. Pop, 5,200.
W E L
W E O
783
iVeissenhoTHf t. and citadel of Bavaria, 8 m. S.
E. Ulin.
Weissemee, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 14 m.
N.Erfurt, 17 N. W. Weimar. Lon. 11° 6' E. Lat.
SriO'N. Pop. 1,800.
TVeissensladt, t. Bavaria, on the Egra, 6 m. N. N.
W. Wensiedel, 15 N. E. Bayrcuth. Pop. 1,247.
WeissenitZy or Weisseritz, r. Saxony, which runs
into the Elbe, near Dresden.
Weistrils, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
near Schweidnitz.
Weitra, or Weitrach, t. Austria, 36 m. N. W.
Crems, 68 W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 59' E.
Lat. 48° 41' N.
Welang, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
130° 30' E. Lat. 1° 25' S.
Welau, t. Prussia, 28 m. E. S. E. Konigsberg.
Lon. 21" 23' E. Lat. 54° 36' N.
Welby, p-v. Prince George co. Md.
Weldy t. Oxford co. Maine, 25 m. N. Paris.
Weldon, Great, t. Eng. in Northampton co. 28
m. N. E. Northampton, 84 N. London.
Weldon, t. Halifax co. N. C. at the foot of the
falls in the Roanoke.
Wetford, t. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 15 m. N.
W. Northampton.
Welki, t. Bohemia, 7 m. N. E. Prague.
Welland, r. Eng. which runs into the German
sea, in what is called the Wash, between the
counties of Lincoln and Norfolk.
Welland, r. Canada. See Chippeivay.
Welljleet, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 31 m. N. E.
Barnstable, 60 by water S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,402,
TVellingbo rough, t. Eng. in Northampton, 11m.
N. E. Northampton, 68 N. London. Lon. 0" 42'
W. Lat. 5'i° 20' N.
JVellington, t. Eng. in Salop co. The parish is
large, containing 14 villages, and abounds in coal,
lime, and iron-stone. 11 m. E. Shrewsbury, 143
N. W. London. Lon. 2° 35' W. Lat. 52" 44' N.
Pop. 8,213.
Wellington, t. Eng. in Somerset co. with a con-
siderable manufacture of serges and druggets,
&c. Pop. 3,874. 7 m. S. W. Taunton, 147 W.
S. W. London. Lon. 2" 24' W. Lat. 50" 57' N.
Wellington, t. Bristol co. Mass. on the W. side
of Taunton river, 3 m. S. Taunton, 35 S. Boston.
Welloe, T/ie, rock in the English channel, near
the coast of Cornwall, 9 m. S. E. Penzance. Lon.
5° 14' W. Lat. 5°N.
Wells, city, Eng. in Somerset co. It receives
its name from a remarkable spring, called St. An-
drew's Well, vulgarly Bottomless Well. The city
is small and compact, in general well built and
neatly paved. 19 m. S. W. Bath, 121 W. London.
Lon. 2° 50' W. Lat. 51° 1 1' N. Pop. 5,154.
Wells, seaport, Eng. in Norfolk co. situated on
a small river, near the German sea, 30 m. N. E.
Lynn, 121 N. N. E. London. Lon. 0° 52' E. Lat.
52" 57' N. Pop. 2,316.
JVells, p-t. York co. Maine, on the coast, 13 m.
N. N. E. York, 32 S. W. Portland. Pop. in 1820,
2,660. Kennebunk, which was formerly included
in this town, now forms a separate township.
Wells, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecticut,
at Newbury.
Wells, t. Rutland co. Vt. 37 m. W. Windsor.
Pop. 1,040.
Wells, t. Hamilton co. N. Y.
Wells, p-v. Beaufort co. S, C.
Wellsborough, p-t. and cap. Tioga co. Pa. 45 m.
N. Williamsport.
Wellsburg. formerly Cftarlrsloirn, p-t. and cap.
Brooke co. Va. pleasantly situated on the Ohio, 6
m. below Steubenville, 17 above Wheeling, 50 by
land S. W. Pittsburg. It contains about 200 hou-
ses, a court-house and jail, church, printing-of-
fice, and an extensive pottery.
Wells'' s Passage, inlet on the N. W, coast of
America, branching off from Broughton's archi-
pelago.
Welmich, or Webnenach, t. Germany, in Nas-
sau, on the right bank of the Rhine, 1 m. from St.
Gear.
Wels, t. Lower Austria, on the Traun, 11 m. S.
S. W. Lintz, 96 W. Vienna. Lon. 14° E. Lat. 48'
10' N. Pop. 3,240.
Welshpool, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. near
the Severn, 18 m. W. S. W. Shrewsbury, 169 W.
N. W. London. Lon. 3° 3" W. Lat. 52° 34' N,
Pop. 2,300.
Weltenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 20 m
E. N. E. Ingoldstadt, 11 S. W. Ratisbon.
Welwam, t. Bohemia, 13 m. N. Prague.
Welwin, v. Ei^g. in Herts, 25 m. S. Bedford, 23
N. London.
Welzheim, or Welsen, t. Wurtemburg, on the
Lein, 20 m. E. Stuttgart, 5 S. E. Schorndorf.
Pop. 1,300.
Wem, t. Eng. in Salop, 1 J m. N. Shrewsbury,
164 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 47' W. Lat. 52° 54'
N. Pop. 3,087.
Wemyss, Easter, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the
coast, 5 m. N. E. Kirkcaldy.
Wemyss, s-p. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the N.
side of the Frith of Forth. Coals and salt are the
only exports. 4 m. N. E. Kirkcaldy. Lon. 3° 4'
W. Lat. 56° 9' N.
Wendell, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 27 m. N. W. Con-
cord. Pop. 447.
Wendell, t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. E. Green-
field. Pop. 983.
Wendelsiein, t. Bavaria, 6 m. S. Nuremberg, 2S
E. Anspach. Lon. 11° 44' E. Lat. 48° 18' N.
Wendlingen, t. Wurtemburg, on the Lauter,
near the Neckar, 12 m. S. E. Stuttgart, 28 N. W.
Ulm. Lon. 9° 27' E. Lat. 48° 38' N.
Wendover, t. Eng. in Bucks co. 6 m. S. E. Ayles-
bury, 35 N. W. London. Lon. 0° 46' W. Lat. 51*
45' N.
Wendover, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the St. Francis, 25 m. S. Three Rivers.
Wenham, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 6 m. N. E. Salem.
Pop. 554.
Weiiloch, or Much Wenlock, t. Eng. in Salop. It
sends two members to parliament. 12 m. S. E.
Shrewsbury, 147 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 36' W.
Lat. 52° 38' N. Pop. 2,079.
Wenner Lake, lake, Sweden, 80 m. long, and
from 20 to 30 wide, which discharges itself through
the Gotha Elbe, into the sea, near Gottenburg.
Wennersborg, t. Sweden, at the S. W. extremi-
ty of Wenner Lake, 15 m. E. Uddevalla, 45 N.
Gotheborg. Lon. 12° 9' E. Lat. 58° 26' N.
Wensbeck, r. Eng. which runs into the German
Sea. Lat. 55" 13' N.
Wentworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. W.
Rotherham.
Wentworth, t. York co. Lower Canada, 43 m.
W. Montreal.
Wentworth, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 45 m. N.
Concord. Pop. 645.
Weobly, t. Eng. in Hereford co. It sends two
members to parliament. 12 m. N. W. Hereford,
141 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 47' W Lat. 52"
17' N. Pop. 600. VV
78#
WES
Werben, t Prussian States, in Saxony, at the
conflux of the Havel and Elbe, 33 m. N. N. W.
Brandenburg, 53 W. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 29° 44'
E. Lat. 52° 53' N. Pop. 1,400.
Werben, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, 9 m.
S. S. VV. Stargard.
Werdau, t. Saxony, 6 m. W. Zwickau. Pop.
3 000.
' w'erdena, t. Prussian States, 18 m. N. N. W.
Tilsit.
Werden, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, on
the Roer, 11 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,700.
Lon. 6° 55' E. Lat 51° 18' N.
JVerdenberg, t. Switzerland, in Glarus. The
town is fortified. 11 m. S. S. E. Appenzell, 25 E.
N. E. Glarus.
JVerder, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on
an island formed by the Havel, 4 m. W. Potzdam.
Pop. 1,600.
Were, or Wear, r. Eng. which runs into the sea
at Sunderland : anciently called Vedra.
Were, r. Eng. which runs into the Avon near
Trowbridge.
Weremouth, Bishop'' s, t. Eng. in Durham, on
the Were, 12 m. N. N. E. Durham. Lon. T 22"
W. Lat. 54° 59' N.
Weremouth, Monk^s, t. Eng. in Durham, at the
mouth of the Were, opposite Sunderland.
IVerfen, t. and fortress, Austria, on the Salza,
15 m. N. W. Radstadt, 14 S. S, W. Halein.
Wergela, or Guergela, t. Africa, in Biledulgerid,
300 m. S. Algiers. Lon. 4° 10' E. Lat. 31° 45' N.
Werl, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 13 m.
W. S. W. Lippstadt, 52 N. E. Cologn. Lon. 7°
68' E. Lat. 51° 33' N.
Werne, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 19 m.
S. Munster. Lon. 7° 48' E. Lat. 51' 38' N. Pop.
1,400.
Wemigerode, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 12
m. S. W. Halberstadt, 27 S. S. E. Wolfenbuttel.
Lon. 10° 52' E. Lat. 51° 53' N. Pop. 6,500.
Wernils, r. Germany, which runs into the Dan-
ube, near Donauwert.
IVerra, r. Germany, which rises in the princi-
pality of Coburg, passes by Eisfeld, Hildberghau-
sen, Meinungen, Creutzberg, AUendorf, &c. and
joining the Fulda at Munden, forms the Weser.
Wersala, small isl. near the coast of Finland, at
the entrance into the Gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 31°
6'E. Lat. 60°46'N.
Wertheim, t. Germany, in Baden, at the conflux
of the Maine and Tauber, 42 m. E. N. E. Man-
heim, 20 W. Wurzburg. Lon. 9° 35' E. Lat. 49°
49' N. Pop. 3,227.
Werther, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 5 m.
N. N. W. Bielefeld. Pop. 1,300.
Wertingen. t. Bavaria, 14 m. N. N. W. Augs-
burg, 30 N. E. Ulm.
Wervick, or Wariviek, or Verwick, t. Nether-
lands, on the Lys, 3 m. S. W. Menin. Pop. 4,151.
Weschnitz, r. France, which runs into the
Rhine, opposite Worms.
Wesel, t. Prussian States, in Cleves-and-Berg,
on the Rhine, 17 m. E. S. E. Cleves, 15 N. W.
Gueldres. Lon. 6° 38' E. Lat. 51° 38' N. Pop.
6,500.
Wesel, or Ober Wesel, t. Germany, 20 m. S.
Coblentz, 46 E. N. E. Treves.
Wesenberg, t. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 42 m. N.
Spandau. Pop. 1,700.
IVesenstein, t. Saxony, 8 m. S. S. E. Dresden.
IVesep, t Holland, on the Vecht, well fortified
towards the east, 4 m. S. E. Amsterdam.
WES
Weser, r. Germany, formed by the union of the
Werra and Fulda, which passes by Hameln,
Minden, Hoya, Bremen, &c. and runs into the
German Sea, about lon. 8° E. lat. 53° 48' N.
Wesley, t. Washington co. Ohio, 15 m. W. Mari-
etta. Pop. 172.
fVeslingbvhren, t. Holstein, near the coast of the
North Sea, 53 m. N. W. Hamburg, 30 S. W. Sles-
wick.
IVesl, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 998.
West, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
West Bay, bay of the English Channel, on the
coast of the counties of Dorset and Devon, of vast
extent.
Westborough, p-t. W^orcester co. Mass. 13 m. E.
Worcester, 30 W. Boston. Pop. 1,048.
West Boylston, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 10 m.
N. Worcester. Pop. 632.
Westbrook, formerly Slroudwater, t. Cumberland
CO. Maine, 3 m. W. Portland.
Westbrook, p-v. Bladen co. N. C.
Westbury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada.
80 m S. S. E. Three Rivers.
West Cambridge, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m.
from Boston. Pop. 971.
West Cayuga, small v. Seneca co. N. Y. on the
W. side of Cayuga lake, connected with East
Cayuga by a bridge 316 rods long.
West Chester, co. N. Y. bounded N by Putnam
CO. E. by Connecticut, S. by Long Island Sound,
and W. by the Hudson. Pop. 30,272. Chief
towns, Bedford, and White Plains.
Westchester, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 12 m.
from New-York. Pop. 1,969. It has many ele-
gant country seats.
Westchester, p-t. borough, and cap. Chester cc
Pa. 24 m. W. Philadelphia. It contains a court
house, jail, market house, bank, and Catholi'
church.
Westchester, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Westerlo, t. Albany co. N. Y.
Westerly, p-t. Washington co. R. I. on the sea-
coast, 35 m. W. Newport, 36 S. W. Providence
Pop. 1,91 1. It contains the village of Peiwcatuck.
in which are 50 dwelling houses, an extensive-
woollen factory, 2 banks, and 2 academies.
Western, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. S. W,
Worcester. Pop. 1,014.
Western, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 20
m. from Utica. Pop. 2,416.
Western -port, p-v. Allegliany co. Md.
Western States, a division of the United States,
comprising the States which lie wholly west of the
Alleghany mountains ; viz. Tennessee, Kentucky,
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.
West Fairlee, t. Orange co. Vt. 35 m. S. E.
Montpelier.
West falls, t. Pickaway CO. Ohio, on the Scioto,
nearly opposite Circleville, 26 m. S. Columbus.
West farms, p-v. West Chester co. N. Y.
Westjield, t. King's co. New-Brunswick, on
Kennebecasis bay.
Westjield, t. Orleans co. Vt. 42 m. N. Montpe-
lier. Pop. 149.
Westjield, p-t. Hamden co. Mass. 6 m. W. Spring-
field. Pop. 2,130. The village of Westfield is
handsomely built, and contains a Congregational
church, and an academy.
Westjield, r. Mass. which rises in Berkshire co.
and running S. E. falls into the Connecticut at
West-Springfield.
Westfield, t. and cap, Richmond co. on Staler.
F
WES
WES
785
island, N. Y. at the S. W. extremity of the island.
Pop. 1,444.
rVeslJicld, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 7 m. W. Eliza-
bethtown. Pop. 2,152.
Westford, p-t, Chittenden co. Vt. 13 m. N. E.
Burlington. Pop. 1,107.
fVestford, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 28 m. N. W
Boston. Pop. 1,330. Here is an academy.
Westford, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 8 m. S. E. Coop-
erstown. Pop, 1,213.
West Greemcich, t. Kent co. R. I. 18 m. S. W.
Providence, Pop. 1,619.
Wesifmnif t. Henrico co. Va. on the N. side of
James river, 6 m. above Richmond.
Westhampion, t. Hampshire co. Mass, 9 m. W.
Northampton, Pop. 793,
Weslhampton, p-v, in Southampton, N, Y,
West Harbour, bay on the S. coast of Jamaica,
formed by a peninsula, called Portland Ridge,
hon. 77° VV. Lat, 17" 48' N,
West-Haver^ p-t. Rutland co, Vt. on Lake
Champlain, 47 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 679.
West-Haven, a parish of New-Haven, Ct, pleas-
antly situated on the harbor and the Sound, 3 m,
W. of the city.
West Island, one of the smaller Pliilippine isl-
ands, near the S. coast of Mindoro, Lon. 121" 12'
£, Lat, 12°18'N.
West isles, t. Charlotte co. New-Brunswick, ou
the coast, including Campo Bello, Grand Menan,
and other islands,
Wesiland, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Cam-
bridge. Pop. 251,
Weitminster, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada.
Westminster, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecti-
cut river, 27 m. below Windsor. Pop. 1,925.
Westminster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 21 m, N.
Worcester, 54 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,419.
Westminster, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 26 m. N. W.
Baltimore, 47 N. Washington.
Westmore, t. Essex co. Vt. 43 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 71.
Westmoreland, co. New-Brunswick, bordering
«n Nova Scotia, and the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Westmoreland, p-t. Cheshire co. N, H. on Con-
necticut river, 48 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,937,
It contains 3 churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for
Congregationalists.
Westmoreland, p-t. Oneida co, N, Y. 10 m. W.
Utica, 8 S. Rome, 107 W. Albany, Pop. in 1810,
1,135; in 1820,2,776.
Westmoreland, co. Pa. inclosed by tlie counties
of Armstrong, Indiana, Cambria, Somerset, Fay-
ette, Washington, and Alleghany. Pop. 26,392.
Chief town, Greensburg.
Westmoreland, co. Va. bounded N. by the Poto-
mac, S. E. by Northumberland co. S. W. by Rich-
mond CO. and W. by King George co. Pop. 8, 102,
including 4,080 slaves. Chief town, Leeds. At
the court-house is a post office.
West-JVaugkton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, near
Manchester.
Weston, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 15 m. W. Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,008.
Weston, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 8 m. from Long Isl-
and Sound. Pop. 2,618. Here is an academy.
Westoicn, t. Delaware co. Pa. 4 m. E. S. E.
Westchester, 19 W. Philadelphia. It contains a
large and respectable Quaker boarding school.
TVest Point, p-v. and military post, in Cornwall,
Orange co. N. Y, on the W. bank of the Hudson,
at its passage through the highlands, 7 m. S. New-
burgh, 58 N. New- York. During the Reyolu-
99
tionary war it was strongly fortified, and deemed
one of the most important posts in America, but
the works are now in ruins. A military academy
was established here in 1802, by the general gov-
ernment, and in 1812, 25,000 dollars were appro-
priated for erecting buildings, and procuring a li-
brary and apparatus. The academy now con-
sists of a professor and assistant professor of natu-
ral and experimental philosophy, a professor and
assistant professor of mathematics, a professor and
assistant professor of the art of engineering, a
chaplain, Avho is also professor of ethics, an in-
structor in tactics, an instructor in artillery, a sur-
geon who is acting processor of chemistry, a teach-
er of the French language, a teacher of drawing,
and a sword master. The number of cadets is
limited to 250.
Westport, p-t. with a port, Bristol co. Mass, 24
m, S, Taunton, 59 S, Boston, Pop. 2,585. It is a
flourishing town with considerable trade.
Westport, p-t, Essex co. N, Y. on Lake Cham-
plain, E. «f Elizabethtown.
Westport, p-t. Henry co. Ken. on a high bluff
near the Ohio, 48 m. below the mouth of Ken-
tucky river, 17 above Louisville, It has about 30
houses,
Westraysville, p-v, Nash co, N. C.
West river, r. Vt. which runs into th« Connecti-
cut 10 m. from the S. boundary of the State.
West river, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y,
West river, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md.
West-Springfield, p-t. Hamden co. Mass. on the
W. side of Connecticut river, opposite Springfield.
Pop. 3,109.
West-Stockbridge, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 10 m.
S. S. W. Lenox. Pop. 1,049.
West-Union, p-t. and cap. Adams co. Ohio, 56
m. S. W. Chillicothe. It contains a court-house
and jail, 2 churches, and about 60 dwelling houses,
West-Union, t. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Western Reef, rocks in the Spanish Main, near
the Musquito shore. Lon. 82" 25' W. Lat. 14° 42' N.
Westbury, t. Eng. in Wilts, 26 m, W. N, W.
Salisbury, 101 W, London. Lon. 2° 12° W. Lat.
51° 15' N,
Westburi/, v, Eng, in Gloucester co. 2 m, N. W.
Bristol.
Westeras, or Westtrahs, t. Sweden, on the N.
coast of the Malar Lake, the see of a bishop.
Here is a castle, and a weighing-house for metals,
whence a vast quantity of iron, copper, and brass
is exported every year to Stockholm. The trade
carried on is very considerable. 36 m. W. S. W.
Upsal, 48 W. N. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16° 31' E.
Lat, 59° 36' N. Pop. 3,229.
Westcrburg, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nas-
sau, 16 m. W. N. W. Weiburg, 34 N. Mentz.
Pop. 1,300.
Westerham, or Weslram, t. Eng. in Kent, 20 m.
W. S, W. Maidstone, 22 S. London. Lon. 0° 3' E.
Lat. 51° 16' N.
Western Islands. See .Azores.
Western Islands. See Hebrides.
Westenoyck, s«p. Sweden, on a bay of the Bal-
tic, with a good harbour, and a brisk trade in^hip
timber, and all sorts of naval stores. 68 »!. N.
Calmar. Lon. 16° 24' E. Lat. 57° 45' N. Pop.
2,608.
Westhofen, t. France, in Lower Rhinp, 12 m. W.
Strasburg, 9 S, S, E. Savern. Pop. 9,092,
Westhoven, t, Prussian States, iv Westphalia,
at the foot of a mountain near the Roer, 4 m. S.
W. Schwiert. Pop. 800.
West Indies, islands between Florida and the
786
WET
W E Y
northern coast of S. America. Triuidad is the
fartherest south, Barbadoes the fertherest east,
Cuba the fartherest west, and the Bahama islands
the fartherest north. They belong to various
European nations, principally to the English
and Spaniards. I'he whole jjopulation is about
2,000,000, of whom three-fourths are slaves.
Westman, or Westmonia, isl. in the North sea,
near the coast of Iceland. Lon. 20" 28' W, Lat.
63" 20' N.
Westmannland, or Westmania, in the old divis-
ion of Sweden, a province, bounded N. by Dale-
carlia, E. by Upland, S. by Sudermannland, Ne-
ricia, and the Malar Lake, and W. by Warme-
land ; about 110 miles long and 80 broad.
Weslmeath, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Ca-
van, N. E. and E. by Meath, S. by King's county,
W. by Roscommon, and N. W. by Longford. Pop.
70,000.
Westminster, city, Eng. on the left bank of the
Thames, and so united to London as to appear one
city. It is said to take its name from the abbey or
minster, situated to the west of St. Paul's, or the
city of London. It was for many ages a place en-
tirely distinct from London, and there was a large
space between them. The Strand was the road
which led from London to that town. It contains
two parishes, St. Margaret's and St. John's, and
seven others within its liberties, viz. St. Martin's-
in- the- Fields, St. James's, St. Ann's, St. Clem-
ent's, Danes, St. Mary-le-Strand, St. George's,
Hanover-square, and St. Paul's Covent-garden,
■with the precinct of the Savoy. Two members
are returned to parliament. Pop. 162,085.
Westminster Hall, isl. in the Straits of Magellan,
N. E. of Cape Pillar. Lon. 76° 16' W. Lat. 52"
34' S.
Westmoreland, county, Eng. bounded N. and N.
W, by Cumberland, E. by Yorkshire, and S. and
S. W. by Lancashire ; about 40 miles long and 24
broad. Pop. 45,922.
Wesloe, t. Eng. in Durham, 2 m S. Shields.
Westphalia, one of the ten provinces into which
the Prussian States were divided in 1815. It is
subdivided into the governments of Munster, Min-
den, and Arensberg. Extent, 7,565 square miles.
Pop. 1,000,000. Revenue, 580,000/. Chief towns,
Minden and Munster.
Westphalia, formerly a circle of Germany,
bounded N. by the Dutch states, W. by the Neth-
erlands, and elsewhere by the circles of the Rhine,
Upper and Lower.
Westphalia, lately a kingdom in Germany,
formed of several principalities, taken from the
king of Prussia, after the battle of Friedland, ly-
ing west of the Elbe and the Saale. It contain-
ed 2,000,000 inhabitants, but was abolished on the
downfall of Bonaparte.
Westport, s-p. Ireland, in Mayo co. at the mouth
of a small river, whose mouth forms a fine bay
within Clew bay. 8 m. W. Castlebar. Lon. 9"*
22' W. Lat. 53° 48' N.
Westra, one of the Orkney islands, about 8 miles
loag. 9 m. N. N. E. from the island of Pomona.
Lon. 2" 49' W. Lat. 59° 9' N. Pop. 1 ,300.
Wetherby, or Weatherby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire,
on the Wharf, 13 m. W. York, 191 N. London.
Lon. 1°22' W. Lat. 53° 56' N.
Wethen^eld, p-t. Hartford co. Conn, pleasantly
situated on the W, bank of Connecticut river, 4
m. below Havtford. It contains an academy, and
3 parishes, in each of which is a Congregational
meeting-house. The inhabitants are generally
wealthy larmers, and raise large quantities of on- ,
ions, which are exported to different parts of the '
U. States, and to the W. Indies. Pop. 3,931.
Wetter, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 6 m.
S. W. Schwiert.
Wetter, t. Germany, 6 m. N. W. Marbui^, 34 '
S. W. Cassel. Lon. 8° 45' E. Lat. 50° 54' N.
Welter, r. Germany, which runs into the Nid-
da, at Assenheim.
Wetter Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea,^ about 90
miles in circumference. Lon. 126° 40' E. Lat. V
24' S.
Wetter Lake, lake, Sweden, between 58° and
59° N. lat. 65 miles long, and from 10 to 16 wide.
Tliis lake has but one outlet by the river Motola.
Wetting, t. Germany, on the Saal, 34 m. S. Mag-
deburg, 25 N. N. W. Leipsick. Lon. 12° 3' E.
Lat. 51° 37' N. Pop. 2,031.
Weltingen, t. Swisserland, on the Limmal, with
a celebrated wooden bridge, 1 m. S. Baden.
Welz, r. Germany, which runs into the Lahn,
near Wetzlar.
Wetzlar, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, on
the Lahn, 45 m. E. Coblentz, 32 N. N. E. Mentz.
Lon. 8" 33' E. Lat. .50° 34' N. Pop. 4,000.
Werelsburg, t. and citadel, Germany, 8 m. S.
Paderborn.
Wever, r. Eng. in Cheshire, which runs into the
Dee, 7 m. N. Chester.
Weverham, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. W. North-
wich.
Wexford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Wick-
low, E. and S. by the sea, W. by Waterford and
Kilkenny, and N. W. by Carlow. Pop. 132,000.
Wexford, s-p. Ireland, in Wexford co. at the
mouth of the Slaney, with a large and beautiful
harbour, in St. George's channel ; but the wateris
not deep enough to admit large vessels. The gen-
eral appearance of the town is mean. Much
Avoollen cloth is manufactured in the town and
neighbourhood. 25 m. W. N. W. Waterford, 60
S. Dublin. Lon. 6° 29' W. Lat. 52" 22' N. Pop.
9,000.
Wexio, t. Sweden, on the Helga Lake, the see of
a bishop, 46 m. N. N. W. Carlscrona. Lon. 14°
44' E. Lat. 56° 52' N.
Wet), r. Eng. which runs into the Thames at
Weybridge. This river is navigable to Guilford
and Godalmin, and a canal leads from it to Bas-
ingstroke, in Hampshire.
Weybridge, t. Eng. in Surry, at the conflux of
the Wey and the Thames, 9 m. S. W. Kingston, 20
S. W. London.
Weybridge, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek,
opposite Middlebury.
Weyda, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, on the
Elster, 11 m. E. N. E. Neustadt, 70 W. S. W.
Dresden. Lou. 12" 1' E. Lat. 50° 42' N. Pop.
1,400.
Weyda, r. Germany, which runs into the Elster
2 m. N. Weyda.
Weydenau, t. Silesia, 8 m. S. W, Neisse, 16 S.
S. E. Munsterburg. Lon. 17° 2' E. Lat. 50" 12' Nj
Weyersheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 9 m.
N. Strasburg.
Weyhill, v. Eng. in Hants, 3 m. W. Andover, 68
W. S. W. London.
Weyl, or Wyl, t. Swisserland, 14 m. S. S. W.
Constance, 14 W. St. Gal
Weymouth, s-p. Eng. in Dorsetshire, at the
mouth of the Wey. It is a well-frequented port,
and is defended by two castles, Sandford and Port-
land. Weymouth sends two members to parlia-
W H I
W H I
787
ment. 9 m. S. Dorchester, 129 W. S. W. Lon-
don. Lon-a'-SS' W. Lat.50°36'N. Pop. 4,732.
Weymouth, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. S. Bos-
ton, 17 S. E. Dedham. Pop. 1,889.
Weymouth, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,029.
Weymouth furnace, p-v. Gloucester co. N. Y.
Weypert, t. Bohemia, 25 m. N. W. Saatz, 60 VV.
N. W. Prague. Lon. 13° E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Whale Rank, fishin* bank on the coast of New-
foundland, 60 miles long and 21 wide. 90 m. S.
Cape Mary. Lon. 53" 50' W. Lat. 45° N.
tVhale island, small isl. in the North sea. Lon.
134° W. Lat. 69° 14' N.
Whale Island, small isl. near the N. W. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 1 12° 21' E. Lat. 4° 10' N.
Whale, r. W. Africa, which flows into the At-
lantic, N. of Cape Shilling.
Wharfe, or Wherfe, r. Eng. in York, which runs
into the Ouse, 7 m. below York,
Wharton, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 922,
Whatley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the W.
side of Connecticut river, 10 m. above Northamp-
ton. Pop. 891.
Wheatjield, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop, 1,475.
Wheat plains, p-v. Pike co. Pa.
Wheatsborough, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Wheeling, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio at
Wheeling.
Weeeling, p-t. and cap. Ohio co. Virginia, on
Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, 57
m. S, W, Pittsburg, by the road, 95 by the river.
It stands on a high bank, and the buildings are
chiefly on one street, running parallel with the
river. The town contained in 1817, a court-
house, jail, church, nail factory, and about 200
houses. 'The great road from Wheeling to Cum-
berland on the Potomac, is now open. This road
completes the communication between Baltimore
and the navigable western waters, and will doubt-
less cause Wheeling to rise rapidly in population
and commercial importance.
Wheeling, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek,
6 m. N. Cambridge. Pop. 171.
Wheeling,t. Belmont co. Ohio, 4 m. N. St. Clairs-
Tille. Pop. in 1819, 1,295.
Wheelock, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt, 30 m. N. E.
Montpelier. Pop. 964.
Wherwell, v. Eng. in Hants, 4 ra. S. Andover.
Whetstone, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scioto,
at Columbus.
Whidah, kingdom, Africa, on the Slave coast,
extending about 10 miles along the coast, and
about 7 miles into the land.
Whidah, t. Africa, in the county of Whidah.
Lon. 1° 24' E. Lat. 6° 25' N.
WhidbyU Island, isl. in the gulf of Georgia, near
the N. W. coast of America, about 36 miles long,
and from 2 to 6 broad. Lon. 237° 40' E. Lat. 48"
1€' N.
Wliiddy, isl. on the S. coast of Ireland, in Ban-
try Bay, 2 m. W. Bantrv. Lon. 9° 25' W. Lat.
51°40'xN.
Whitby, s-p.Eng. in Yorkshire, at the mouth of
the Esk, on the German sea. The harbour is con-
venient. Several vessels are employed in' the
Greenland fishery. In the neighbourhood are
some large alum works. 46 m. N. N. E.' York,
243 N. London. Lon. 1° 55' VV, Lat. 54° 30' N.
Pop. 7,483.
Whitby, t. York co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Ontario, E. of York.
White, CO. West Tennessee, Pop. 4,028, inclu-
ding 283 slaves. Chief town, Sparta. At the
court-bouse r a post-office.
White, CO. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1818, 3,539. Chief town, Carmi.
White Bay, bay on the E. coast of Newfound-
land. Lon. 56° 25' W. Lat. 50" 10' N.
White Bay, bay on the E. coast of Kerguelen's
Land. Lon. 69° 15' E. Lat. 47° 53' S.
White bluff, settlement, Chatham co. Geo. 7 m.
S. Savannah.
White chimnies, p-v. Caroline co. Va.
Whitechurch, t. Eng. in Hants, 25 m. E, Salis-
bury, 58 W. S. W. London. Lon. 1° 17' W. Lat.
51" 14' N.
Wkitechurch, t. Eng. in Salop, 20 m, N. Shrews-
bury, 161 N. W, London. Lon. 2" 44' W. Lat.
53°1' N.
Whitechurch, t. York co. Upper Canada, N, of
York.
White clay, hundred, New Castle co. DeL Pop.
1,701.
White Cliff, or Culver Cliff, cA^pe of the E. coast
of the Isle of Wight. Lon. 0" 56' W. Lat. 50"
39' N.
White creeJz, t. Washington co, N, Y. 36 m. N.
E. Albany. Here is an academy.
White deer, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the
Susquehannah. Pop. 1,132.
Whitejield, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, on both
sides of Sheepscot river, 15 m, N. Wiscasset. Pop.
995.
Wliitejield, t, Coos co, N, H, 4 m, from Connec-
ticut river, 76 N, Concord.
White Jish point, peninsula, Michigan Territo-
ry, extending into Lake Superior, 33 m. W, St
Mary's river,
Whitehall, (formerly Skenesborough,) p-t, Wash-
ington CO. N. Y. at the S. extremity of Lake
Champlain, 65 m. N. Albany, 70S. Burlington,
150 S. St. John's. It has 4 houses of public wor-
ship, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Presbyterians,
1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Pop. 2,110.
Whitehall village is a well built and thriving lit-
tle place, on both sides of Wood Creek, at its en-
trance into Lake Champlain, and at the head of
navigation on the lake. Several sloops of from 40
to 80 tons are owned here, and a steam-boat con-
stantly plies between Whitehall and St. John's,
through the whole extent of the lake. The trade
of a considerable extent of country is naturally
concentrated here, giving to the village the bus-
tle and crowded aspect of a port. A canal from
Whitehall to Fort Edward, connecting Lake
Champlain with the Hudson, is now completed.
See JVew-York, State of.
Whitehall, t, Lehigh co. Pa, on the Lehigh, 10
m, W. N. W. Bethlehem. Pop. 2,551.
Whitehall, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
White fiaven, p-v. Somerset co. Md.
White Head, cape, Ireland, on the coast of An-
trim, at the entrance into Belfast Lough.
White Island, isl. near the E. coast of New Zea-
land. Lon. 1 82° 36' W. Lat. 37° 31' S.
White Island, small isl. near the S. E. coast of
Nova Scotia. Lon. 61" 50' W. Lat. 44° 55' N.
White Island, or Burnt Island, small isl. in the
Arabian Gulf, near the coast of Adel. Lon, 64"
55' E. Lat. 11°8'N.
White Keys River, r, Africa, which runs into
the Indian sea, in lat, 30° 35' S.
Whileland, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 779.
Whiteland, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 635.
Whitely, co. Ken . At the conrt-housft is a po^st-
ofiice.
788
W H I
W H I
Whiteleysburg, p-v. Kent co. Del.
fVhitemarsh, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa. on the
Schuylkill, 12 m. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop.
1,328.
While Mountains, or White Hills, mountains,
New-Hampshire, lying 30 m. N. of Winnipiseo-
gee lake, and 70 N. Concord. They are the lofti-
est mountains in the United States. Within a
circuit of 60 miles there are 6 peaks, whose ele-
vation exceeds 4,000 feet, and Mount Washington,
the highest summit, was formerly estimated at
10,000, but more recent and accurate calculations
reduce it to between 6,000 and 7,000. Mount
Washington is frequently visited by travellers
who ascend it by various routes, but most usually
from the S. E. commencing in the town of Con-
way, and following the course of Ellis river, a
northern branch of the Saco, which has its origin
high in the mountain. After climbing by the side
of this stream for a considerable distance, the trees
of the mountain begin to diminish in height, till at
the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you come to a
region of dwarfish evergeens, about the height of
a man's head, which put forth numerous strong
horizontal branches, which are closely interwoven
with each other, and surround the mountain with
a formidable hedge, a quarter of a mile in thick-
ness. On emerging from this thicket, you are
above all woods, at the foot of what is called the
bald part of the mountain, which is very steep, and
consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at-
taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed
for his toil, if the sky be serene, with a most noble
and extensive prospect. On the S. E. there is a
view of the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of
•which is 65 miles distant in a direct line, and on
the south, Winnipiseogee lake lies in full view.
The barren rocks which extend for a great dis-
tance in every direction from the summit, add a
melancholy grandeur to the scene. — The Notch
or Gap, on the west side of the mountains near
the source of Saco river, is also frequented by
travellers. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one
part only 22 feet wide. The whole mountain,
which otherwise forms a continued range, appears
as if cloven down quite to its base, perpendicular-
ly on one side, and on the other at an angle of 45
degrees. The road from Lancaster to Portland,
which passes through this gap, is crossed by the
river Saco, which comes tumbling down the sides
of the mountain ; and several brooks, the tributa-
ries of the Saco, laii down the declivities, forming
a. succession of beautiful cascades within sight of
the road. No part of the mountain is more inter-
fasting and picturesque than the scenery of this
Aiatural gap.
White oak, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C.
White oak creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 5 m.
oelow Ripley.
White oak spring, p-v. Gibson co. Indiana.
Whiteplains, p-t. Westchester co. P^ Y. 6 m. E.
Hudson river, 30 from New- York. Pop. 693.
The courts of the county are held alternately here
and at Bedford.
White plains, p-v. Orange co. Va,
White plains, p-v. Granviiie co. N. C.
White plains, p-v. White co. Tennessee.
White post, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
While river, r. Vt. which flows into the Conuec-'
ticut 15 m. above Windsor.
While river. Indiana, runs nearly parallel with
the Ohio, at the distance of from 40 to 60 mile?
and enters the Wabash, 16 m. below Vincennes,
White river, t. Knox co. Indiana. Pop. 974.
White river, r. which rises in the western part
of the Arkansaw Territory, and after a circuitous
course oi more than 1,200 miles, falls into tbe Mis-
sissippi 20 m. above the mouth of the Arkansaw,
There are no obstructions to the navigation for
many hundred miles, and the water is sufficiently
deep even m the dryest seasons. The lands on
this river have never been explored till recently.
They are now universally represented by those
who have traversed the country, as extremely
fertile, and among the finest in America for set-
tlement. A tract of at least 100 miles square may
be chosen, which is not surpassed by the best lan<i
in Kentucky.
Whitetmrn, t. Scotland, in Linlithgow, 21 bq.
W. Edinburgh, 23 E. S. E. Glasgow.
Whitehaven, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. on a
bay of the Irish sea. It has a good artificial har-
bour, with a long pier. The coal-mine3 here are
sunk to the depth of 130 fathoms, and extend un-
der the sea. Here are copperas works, which
yield considerable profit. Its chief trade is fur-
nishing Ireland and part of Scotland with saiL and
coal. 40 m. S. W. Carlisle, 303 N. ]\'. W. Lon-
don. Lon. S^SB' W.Lat.54''28'iN. Pop. 10,016.
Whitehorn, or Withern, t. Scotland, lu Wigton
CO. 12 m. S. Wigton, 409 N. Loudon. Lon. 4*^
27' W, Lat. 54" 50' N. Pop. l,yo4.
Whitehorn, small isl. Scotland, near the S. "EL
coast of Wigton. Lon. 4" 27' W. Lat. 54° 46' N.
Whitekirk, t. Scotland, in Haddington, 4 m. S.
E. North Berwick.
Whiten Head, cape on the N. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4" 22' W. Lat. 58^' 37' N.
Whitesand bay, bay on the W. coast of Eng-
land, in Cornwall, N. of the Land's End. Lon.
5° 34' W. Lat. 50" 6' N.
Whitesborough, p-v. in Whitestown, and cap. of
Oneida co. N. Y. 4 m. N. W. Utica. it is princi-
pally built on a single street, 1| miles long, and
contains a handsome court-house, a jail, and 2
churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 ior Presbyterians.
Many of the dwelling houses are elegant.
White's creek, p-v. Rhea co. Tennessee.
White Sea, large gulf of the Frozen Sea, on the
N. coast of Russia. Lon. 31" to 41" E. Lat. 63" 30'
to 67" 20' N.
Whitestown, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mo-
hawk, comprising the villages of Utica, Whites-
borough, and New Hartford. Pop. 4,912.
Whitesville, t. and cap. Columbus co. N. C.
White sulphur springs, p-v. Greenbriar co. Va
White water, r. which rises in Indiana, and re-
ceiving numerous tributaries, runs into the Mi-
ami, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junction of that riv-
er with the Ohio, 20 below Brookville. It is a
beautiful transparent stream. It has a rapid cur-
rent, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to
mills, and many are now erected.
White woman'' s river, Ohio, is formed by the un-
ion />f Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into '
the Muskingum, at Coshocton.
Whiiing, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek,
50 m. S .^ W. Montpelier. Pop. 565.
WhUvigham, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 52 m. S
Windsor., Pop. 1,248.
Whitle%[, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,264.
Whitpalne, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 955.
Whitstajk, s-p. Eiag. in Kent, near the mouth
W I E
W I L
769
of the Swale, 7 m. N. Canterbury, 58 E. London.
Lon. rs'E. Lat. 5r22'N.
Whitsun Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 137" 36' W. Lat. 19° 26' S.
Whitmn., or Whitsunday Island, or Pentecost,
one of the New Hebrides, about 30 miles long and
8 broad. Lon. 168° 20' E. Lat. 15" 44' S.
Whittle le Woods, t. Eng. m Lancashire, 5 m. N.
Wigan.
Whittlesea, t. Eng, in Cambridge, 18 m. N. E.
Huntingdon, 77 N. London.
Whittofi, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the Hum-
ber, 15 m. N. N. VV. Glamford Briggs.
Whymea Road, a road on the S. W. coast of the
island Of Attooi.
Wiblingen, t. Wurtemberg, with a bcnedictine
abbey, near the conflux of the Her with the Dan-
ube, 3 m. S. S. W. Ulm.
Wiburg. See Fihoig.
Wick, seaport, Scotland, iu Caitliness co. at the
mouth of a river of the same name, which forms
a bay of the Northern ocean. It is a royal burgh.
18 m. S. .John O'Groat's House, 272 N. Edin-
burgh. Lon. 2° 59' W. Lat. 58° 24' N. Pop.
5,080.
Wickerad, t. Germany, 3 m. N. E. Erkelens, 12
N. Juliers.
Wickford, p-v. in North Kingston, R. I. on Nar-
raganset bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport. It is pleas-
antly situated, and contains about 100 dwelhng-
houses, a bank, an academy with a building of 60
feet by 30, and about 60 students ; 3 churches, 1
each for Baptists, Episcopalians, and Quakers.
Wickham, t. Eng. in Durham, 4 m. W. S. W.
Newcastle.
Wickham Market, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 12 m. N. E.
Ipswich, 81 N. N. E. London.
Wickham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the St. Francis, 30 m. S. Three-Rivers.
Wickham, t. Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the E. side of the St. John's.
Wicklow, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Dub-
lin, E. by the Irish sea, S. by Wexford, and W. by
Kildare and Carlow. Pop. about 60,000.
Wicklow, seaport, Ireland, in Wicklow co. on a
small harbor on the Irish sea, 41 m. N. Wexford,
22 S. Dublin. Lon. 6° 3' W. Lat. 52° 59' N.
Wickware, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m. S. Glou-
cester, 111 W. London. Lon. 2" 26' W. Lat. 51°
39' N.
Wicomico, r. Md. which runs into Fishing bay,
on the E. side of the Chesapeake.
Wied, or Old Wied, t. Germany, 9 m. N. Co-
blentz.
Wiedenbruck, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
32 m. S. S. E. Osnabruck. Lon, 8° 18' E. Lat.
51°45'N. Pop. 1,900.
Wiegandsthal, or Wiegenfhal, t. Prussian stales,
in Silesia, 1 1 m. S. Lauban.
Wiehe, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 26 m. N.
N. E. Erfurt, 19 N. Weimar. Lon. 11° 35' £.
Lat. 51° 18' N. Pop. 1,500.
Wielicsa, t. Austrian Poland, celebrated for its
salt-mines, which produce a great revenue. The
inhabitants reside chiefly in the mines, and the
church is under ground. 8 m. S. Cracow. Pop.
2,200.
Wien, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
at Vienna.
Wieprz, or Wirpz, r. Poland, which runs into
the Vistula, near Stericza.
Wiesen, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rhine, a little below Bale
Wiesensteig, t. Wurtemberg, and capital of a
lordship of the same name, 25 m. S. E. Stuttgart,
16 N. W. Ulm.
Wiesenthal, Bohmisch, t. Bohemia, 25 m. N. W.
Saatz, 60 W. N. W. Prague. Lon. 12° 57' E. Lat.
50° 23' N.
Wiesenthal, (Ober,) t. Saxony, 11 m. S. E.
Schwartzenberg.
Wiesenthal, (Unter,) t. Saxony, 10 m. S. E.
Schwartzenberg.
Wietlisbach, t. Switzerland, 20 m. N. Berne, 5
N. E. Soleure.
Wigan, t. England, in Lancashire, considerable
for its manufactures of checks, linen, and cotton.
That species of coal called Caunel, is found in
great plenty in the neighbourhood. Wigan is on
a small stream called Douglas, which is made nav-
igable to the nibble, and joins to a canal from
Liverpool. It send? two members to the British
parliament. Pop. 14,060. 39 m. S. Lancaster,
196N. N.W.London. Lon.2°33'W. Lat.53°31'N.
Wigger, r. Switzerland, which runs into the
Aar, 3 m. N. W. ZoiTuigen.
Wighcomico, short navigable river, Md. which
runs into the Potomac, 35 m. above its mouth.
Wight, Isle of, island in the English channel,
near the coast, and forming a part oi the county
of Hants, about 21 miles long and 13 broad. The
S. coast is bounded with steep rocks of chalk and
free-stone, and on the W. are those rocks called
the Needles. The air is healthy, and the soil fer-
tile, and the production of corn in one year is said
to be equal to the consumption of eight.
Wiglen, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 65° N.
Wigmore, v. Eng. in Shropshire, 8 m. N. W.
Leominster.
Wigstadtel, or Wakow, t. Silesia, 10 m. S. Trop-
pau, 35 W. Teschen. Lon. 17" 47' E. Lat. 49°
38' N.
Wigton, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 11 m. S. W.
Carlisle, 304 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 23' W.
Lat 54° 44' N.
Wigton, seaport, Scotland, in a large bay on
the east coast of Wigtonshire. It is a royal burgh.
56 m. W. N. W. Dumfries, 105 S. W. Edinburgh.
Lon. 4° 27' W. Lat. 54° 58' N.
Wigton Bay, a bay of the Irish sea, on the S.
coast of Scotland, at the mouth of the river Cree,
between the counties of Wigton and Kirkud-
bright.
Wigtonshire, county, Scotland, bounded N. by
Ayrshire and the sea, E. by the county of Kircud-
bright and Wigton bay, and S. and W. by the
Irish sea. Pop. 26,891.
Wigworm Point, cape on the coast of Patago-
nia, in the straits of Magellan, 3 m. N. N. E.
Cape Providence.
WiliatZy or Biliacs, t. Eu. Turkey, 60 m. S.
Carlstadt, 180 W. Belgrade. Pop. 5,000.
Wike, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. Bradford.
Wilbcrforce, a town of liberated negroes in the
colony of Sierra Leone. The Church Missionary
Society support a minister here.
Wilbraham, i. Hartiden co. Mass. 10 m. S. E.
Springfield, 89 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,776.
Wilcox, CO. Alabama.
Wildbad, t. Wurtemberg, celebrated for it-
warm baths, 30 m. N. E. Strasburg, 24 W. Stutt-
gard. Lon, 8" 26' E. Lat. 48° 40' N. Pop. 1,500.
Wildberg, t. Wurtemberg, on the Nagold, 3m.
N. Nagold, 19 S. W. Stuttgard, Lon. 8°48'F.
Lat. 48° 33' N, Pop. 1.700
n^o
w I L
W I L
Wildbergf or Wildbergen, t. Prussian btates, 2B
m. N. Brandenburg, 38 N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12"
38' E. Lat. 32° 65' N.
Wildeman, t. Hanover, near which are some
mines of silver and lead, 6 m. S. W. Goslar, 24
N. N. E, Grubenhagen. Pop. 900.
Wildenfels, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge-
birg, 5 m. S, E. Zw^ickau.
Wilder ness, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Va.
Wilderness, t. Austria, on the Zeva, 8 m. W. S.
tV. Zisterstorf.
Wildeshausen, t. Germany, in Oldenburg, 20 m.
S. S. W. Bremen, 74 S. VV. Hamburg. Lon. 8°
27' E. Lat. 52° 52' N. Pop. 2,408.
Wildswiibnch, r. Germany, which runs into the
Elbe, 6 m. below Dresden.
Wildungen, t. Germany, in the principality of
Waldeck, 7 m. S. S. E. Wiildeck, 82 E. Cologn.
Lon. 9" 8' E. Lat. 51" 7' N.
Wilhelmsthal, or J^Temtadtel, a mine town of Si-
lesia, 15 m. S. E. Glatz. Lon. 16° 42' E. Lat. 50°
3'N.
Wilkes, CO. N. C. Pop. 9,054, including 1,194
slaves.
Wilkes, p-t. and cap. Wilkes co. N. C. 50 m. W.
Germantown.
Wilkes, CO. Geo. on the S. side of Broad river.
Pop. 14,887, including slaves. Chief town, Wash-
ington. Bolton factory is 8 m. S. W. Washing-
ton.
Wilkesbarre, or Wilkesburg, formerly Wyoming,
p-t. and cap. Luzerne co. Penn. on the S. E. side
of the Susquehannah. It contains a court-house,
jail, church, bank, and academy. A dreadful
massacre was committed in this place, during the
American war, by tlie Indians under the command
of colonel Butler. 119 m. N. W. Philadelphia,
121 N. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,225.
Wilkesville, p-t. Gallia co. Ohio, 18 m. N. W.
Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 315.
Wilkinson. See Marion, co. Geo.
Wilkinson, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi river.
Pop. in 1816, 7,275, including 4,057 slaves. Chief
town, Woodville.
Wilkinsonville, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va.
Wilkinsonville, t. Johnson co. Illinois, on the
Ohio, half way between the mouth of the river
and fort Massac.
Wilkomiers, t. Russia, in Wilna, on the Swienta,
near its union with the Wilna, 44 m. N. N. W.
Wilna, 100 S. E. Riga.
Willamantic, r. Ct. which unites with the
Natchaug or Mount Hope, at Windham, and
forms Shetucket river.
Willemstadt, or Williamstadt, a strong t. Hol-
land, on the part of the Meuse called Butterrliet.
It is one of the keys of Holland, and defended with
7 bastions and double fosse ; it has also a good har-
bor. 12 m. S. W. Dort, 14 W. N. W. Breda.
Lon. 4° 18' E. Lat. 51° 41' N.
Willenberg, or Wildenberg, t. Prussia, 93 m. S.
Konigsberg, 94 E. Culm. Lon. 20° 53' E. Lat.
53° 11 N.
William, Fort, formerly J^ew Fort, a British
post, on Dog river, a considerable stream, which
runs into lake Superior just below, and is naviga-
ble to the fort for vessels on the lake.
William Henry, v. Lower Canada, on the point
of land formed by the confluence of the Sorel with
the river St. Lawrence.
Williams, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecti-
cut, 3 m. above Bellows falls.
Williams, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, formed
in 1820, in the Indian reservation.
Williamsborough, t. Burlington co. N. J. Foito
619.
Williamsborough, p-t. and cap. Granville co. N.
C. pleasantly situated on a creek which runs int»
the Roanoke, 17 m. from Warrenton, 48 N. E.
Hillsborough. It contams a court-house, jail,
academy, and 40 houses, and carries on a brisk
trade with the back country.
Williamsburg, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada, on
the St. Lawrence. Here was fought the battle of
Chrystler's farm.
Williamsburg, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. N.
W. Bangor.
Williamsburg, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. N
W, Northampton. Pop. 1,122.
Williamsburg. See Jonestown, Pa.
Williamsburg, t. Talbot co. Md. 5 m. N. E.
Easton.
Williamsburg, p-t. James City co. Va. 60 m. E-
Richmond, situated between two creeks, one of
which falls into James, the other into York river.
It was formerly the metropolis of the State, and is
regularly laid out in parallel streets, with a square
in the centre, through which runs the principal
street E. and W. about a mile long, and more than
100 feet wide. At the opposite ends of this street
are two public buildings, the col.lcge and capitol.
Besides these, there is an Episcopal c hurch, a
court-house, jail, and hospital. Pop. 1,500.
The college of William and Mary was founded
here in 1691, in the time of king William and
queen Mary, who liberally endowed it. The col-
lege flourished for a number of years in great
prosperity, and in former times furnished lor the
service of the State many good scholars; but the
war of the revolution gave it a shock from which
it has not yet recovered. On the decease of bish-
op Madison, the late president, it seemed to be
threatened with total extinction. Exertions, how-
ever, have been recently made to revive it, and
sanguine hopes are entertained by some that it
will again flourish. The library contains between
3,000 and 4,000 volumes, and the philosophical
apparatus is valuable. There are nominally 6
professorships, but only 3 or 4 are occupied. 'The
buildings are of brick, and sutficient for the ac-
commodation of about 100 students.
Williamsburg, district, S. C. Pop. 6,871, in-
cluding 4,51 8 slaves.
Williamsburg, p-t. and cap. of the above dis-
trict, 72 m. N. N. E. Charleston.
Williamsburg, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Ten.
on the N. side of Cumberland river, 15 m. E. N. E-
Carthage.
Williamsburg, p-t. Whitley co. Kentucky,
Williamsburg, p-t. and cap. Clermont co. Ohio,
on the east fork of the Little Miami, 14 m. from
Ohio river, 22 S. E. Cincinnati. Pop. in 1815.
234. It contains a court-house and jail, and about
60 houses.
WUliamsfield, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Williamson, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on lake Onta-
rio, 20 m. N. Canandaigua. Pop. 1,139.
Williamson, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 13,153,
including 3,985 slaves. Chief town, Franklin.
Williamsport, p-t. borough, and cap. Lycoming
CO. Pa. on the W. branch of the Susquehannah,
38 m. above Northumberland. Pop. 344.
Williamsport, p-t. Washington co. Md. on the
Potomac, at the mouth of the Conecocheague, 6
m. W. Elizabethtown, 37 N. by E. Winchesters,
Virginia.
WilliamstoTi) p-t. and cap. Martin co. N. C. on
W I L
tiTfe Roanoke, 50 m. S. E. Halifax, 25 from Blounts-
ville.
Williamslowru, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. N.
Windsor. Pop. 1,353.
Williamstovm, p-t Berkshire co. Mass. in the
N. W. corner of the state, bordering on Vermont
and New York, 28 m. N. Lenox, 138 W. N. W.
Boston. It is well watered by Hoosack and Green
rivers. Pop. 1,843.
Williams college in this town, was incorporated
in 1793, and named after Col. Ephraim Williams,
its principal benefactor. Its officers are a presi-
dent, 2 professors, and 3 tutors. It has a library
of about 1,500 volumes, a valuable philosophical
and chemical apparatus, and about 90 students.
The whole number who had been educated here
in 1817, was 473. The buildings are two edifices
of brick, about 100 feet long and 40 wide, and 4
stories high, containing a chapel, library room,
philosophical chamber, and 60 rooms for students.
Williamstown, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 592.
Williamslown, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,243.
Williamsville, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y.
WilliarmviUe, p-v. Person co. N. C.
Williamsville, p-v. Christian co. Ken.
WiUinborough, t. Burlington co. N. J. on the
Delaware, 14 m. from Philadelphia.
Willingborough, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa.
JVillinghausen, t. Prussian states, 10 m. W.
Lippstadt.
Willington, t. Tolland co. Ct. 26 m. from Hart-
ford, 26 from Norwich. Pop. 1,161.
Willington, ^-\. Abbeville district, S. C.
Willink, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. 15 m. S. Bufi'alo,
3 1 5 W . Albany. Pop. 2,028.
Willis^ creek, r. Md, which runs into the Po»
tomac, at Fort Cumberland.
Willis Island, isl. in the S. Atlantic ocean, near
the N. W. coast ot the island of Georgia. Lon.
38" 23' W. Lat. 54" S.
WHliston, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. 8 ra. S. E.
Buriington. Pop. 1,195.
Willisloivn, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,175.
Willoughby, t. Eng. in Warwick, 14 m. S. E.
Coventry, 77 N. W. London.
Willoughby, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on
Niagara river, just above the falls.
Willow-grove, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa.
Willow-grove, p-v. Salem co. S. C.
Wills, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Cambridge.
Pop. 659.
Willsborough, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake
Champlain. Pop. 663.
WiiW creek, r. Oliio, which runs into the Mus-
kingum, between Zanesville and Coshocton. It is
navigable for boats to Cambridge.
Wilhtadt, t. Germany, 7 m. S. E. Strasburg, 20
N. W. Freudenstadt.
Willtown, p-v. Fairfield co. Ct.
Willtown, p-v. Charleston district, S. C. on
Edisto river, 27 m. W. S. W. Charleston.
Willy, r. Eng. which runs into the Avon, near
Salisbury.
Wilmington, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 46 m. S.
Windsor. Pop. 1,193.
Wilmington, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. N.
Boston. Pop. 716.
Wilmington, port of entry, Newcastle co. Del-
aware, and the largest town in the State, is situ-
ated between Christiana and Brandywine creeks,
about a mile above their confluence, 2 m. W. of
Delaware river, 28 S. W Philadelphia, 72 N. E,
W I L
791
Baltimore. The principal part of the town is sit-
uated on the S. W. side of a hill, which rises 109
feet above the tide, and is regularly laid out in
streets crossing each other at right angles. On
the N. E. side of the same hill, at a village on the
Brandywine, separated by a short space from the
rest of the town, are 14 flour mills, forming the
finest collection in the United States. The Bran-
dywine and Christiana abound with numerous ex-
cellent mill seats, and they have been to a con-
siderable extent improved, making Wilmington
the centre of one of the most important manufac-
turing districts in the United States. In 1815,
there were within 9 miles of the town, 44 flour
mills, 13 cotton manufactories, 15 saw mills, 6
woollen manufactories, 6 gunpowder mills, and
several others. The Christiana admits vessels
drawing 14 feet of water to the town, and those
of 8 feet can ascend 8 miles further. The Bran-
dywine has 7 feet of water to the mills. The
amount of shipping owned here in 1815, was
9,591 tons. The town contains 2 market-houses,
a spacious alms-house built of stone, 3 banks, an
academy, a United States arsenal, and 8 houses of
public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episco-
palians, 1 for Friends, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Roman
Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. Lon. 77° 34' W.
Lat. 39° 43' N. Pop. 4,416.
Wilmington, p-v. Fluvanna co. Va.
Wilmington, port of entry and cap. New Hano-
ver CO. N. Carolina, on the E. side of Cape Fear
river, just below the confluence of the N. E. and
N. W. branches, 34 miles from the sea, 100 S. W.
Newbern, 95 S. S. E. Fayetteville, 146 S. Raleigh,
190 N. E. Charleston. It contains a court-house,
jail, academy, 2 banks, and 2 houses of public
worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyte-
rians. Wilmington is the depot for the produce ^
a large section of North Carolina, and the exports
from this port have usually been twice as much
as from all the other ports of the state. It labors,
however, under several disadvantages : the situa-
tion is considered unhealthy, and vessels drawing
more than 1 1 feet of water, cannot pass over the
flats, formed 20 miles below the town, by the meet-
ing of the tide waters with the current of the riv-
er. An engineer, under the direction of the state,
has recently examined the flats, with a view to
determine whether the channel at this place can
be deepened, or whether it will be better to make
a port at Smithville, near the mouth of the river,
where there is a convenient harbor, and sufficient
depth of water. Opposite Wilmington, in the
river, are two islands, which divide it into three
channels. They afibrd the finest rice fields in the
state. The amount of shipping belonging to this
port in 1815, was 14,374 tons. Pop. about 2,000.
Lon. 78° 15' W. Lat. 34" 1 1' N.
Wilmington, small isl. off the coast of Georgia,
at the mouth of Savaimah river.
Wilmington, p-t. and cap. Clinton co. Ohio, 55
m. N. W. ChiUicothe, 60 S. W. Columbus. It
was laid out in 1807, and has a court house, jail,
and about 40 houses.
Wilmington, p-t. Licking co, Ohio, 10 m. N.
Newark.
Wilmington, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. S. Woos-
ter.
Wilmot, t. Nova Scotia, near Annapolis.
Wilmol, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 23 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 298.
Wilna, city, Russia, in Wilna, on the Wilna,
in a mountainous country, on several little emi-
792
W I N
nences. Here is a magnificent church, remarka-
ble for the elegant marble chapel of St. Casimir,
whose silver shrine is said to weigh thirty quin-
tals. There are upwards of 40 churches in this
city, and among these, one Lutheran, and one
Calvinist church, a Jewish sjmagogue, a Tartarian
church, and a Greek church ; but all the rest are
Popish churches. Wilna has suffered several
times severely by fire. Wilna is the see of a
bishop. The university was founded in 1570. 168
m. E. Konigsberg, 216 N. E. Warsaw. Lon. 25"
18' E. Lat. 54" 36' N. Pop. 20,900.
Wilna, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river.
Wilsden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Halifax.
fVilsdmf, or Wilsdorf, t. Saxony, 9 m. W. Drcs-
den, 9 S. Meissen. Lon. 13° 8' E. Lat. 51° N.
JVilsnach, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 8
m. S. Perleberg, 56 W.N. W. Berlin. Pop. 1,400.
Wilson, t, Scotland, in Lanerkshire, 5 m. E.
Lanerk.
Wilson, CO. West Tennessee, on the S. side of
Cumberland river. Pop. 11,952, including 2,297
slaves. Chief town, Lebanon.
Wilsonville, t. Wayne co. Pa, on the Lacka-
waxen, 120 m. N. Philadelphia. Here are nu-
merous mills.
Wilster, t. grand duchy of Holstein, 8 m. N.
Gluckstadt, 34 N. W. Hamburg. Pop. 1,700.
Wilton, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Willy.
Wilton is much reduced from what it formerly
was, but is still the county town, a corporation,
and borough ; sending 2 members to the British
parliament. The celebrated collection of antiqui-
ties in this place, contains the whole collection of
the cardinals P^ichlieu and Mazarine, and the
greatest part of the Earl of Arundel's. 3 m. W.
Salisbury, 85 W.,S. W. London. Lon. 1° 51' W.
Lat. 51° 4' N. Pop. 2,200.
Wilton, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 35 m. N. W.
Augusta. Pop. 770.
Wilton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 28 m. S.
Concord. Pop. 1,017.
WiUon, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 34 m. W. New Ha-
Ten. It contains an academy, and 3 churches, 1
each for Congregationalists, Baptists, and Metho-
dists. Pop. 1,728.
Wiltshire, county, England, bounded N. by
Gloucestershire, E. by Berkshire and Hampshire,
S. by Hampshire and Dorsetshire, and W. by Som-
ersetshire and Gloucestershire; about 54 miles
miles long and 34 in its greatest breadth. Pop.
193,828.
Wimbledon, v. Eng. in Surry, 9 m. S. London.
Wimpfen, t. Germany, in Hes^c-Darmstadt, on
the Neckar, near which it is joined by the Jaxt,
8 m. N. Heilbronn, 38 E. S. E. Manheim. Lon.
9° 15' E. Lat. 49° 15' N. Pop. 2,000.
Winander Mere, or Winder Mere, lake, Eng.
in Westmoreland co. 15 miles long and 2 broad,
17 m. S. S. E. Keswick, 270 N. N. W. London.
Winberg. See Winlerberg.
Winburn Minster, t. Eng. in Dorset co. situated
on the river Stour, 7 m. N. Pool, 102 S. W. Lon-
don. Lon. 2° 5' W. Lat. 50° 48' N. Pop. 3,039.
Wincaunton, t. Eng. in Somerset co. In this
town was shed the first blood in the revolution of
1688. 30 m. S. Bath, 108 W. London. Lon. 2"
35' W. Lat. 5r' 2' N. Pop. 1,100.
Wincficombe, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. situated
on a brook which runs into the Avon, 16 m. N. E.
Gloucester, 93 W. London. Lon. 1°58'W. Lat.
5r59'N.
Winchelsea, t. Ecgland, in Sussex, and one of
W I N
the Cmque-Ports. It is much decayed, but still
sends two membei's to parliament. 8 m. N. E.
Hastings, 67 S. W. London. Lon. 0° 42' E. Lat.
50° 55' N. Pop. 600.
Winchendon, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 32 m.
N. W. Worcester. Pop. 1,173.
Winchester, city, Eng. in Hants, on the W. side
of the river Aire, ca lied by Ptolemy and Antoni-
nus, Venta Belgarum. It was very considerable
in the time of the Romans, and under the hep-
tarchy became the residence of the Saxon kings.
A noble college was founded here in 1387, with
endowments for a warden, 70 scholars, 10 fellows,
&c. The city sends two members to parliament.
61 m. E. S. E. Bath, 63 S. W. London. Loo. T
16' W. Lat. 51 ' 4' N. Pop. 6,705.
Winchester, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada.
Winchester, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 52 m, S.W.
Concord. Pop. 1,478.
Winchester, p-t. Litclifield co. Ct. 27 m. N. W.
Hartford, Pop. 1,446.
Winchester, p-t. and cap. Frederick co. Virgin-
ia, near the head of Opeckon creek, a branch of
the Potomac, 36 ra. W. Hai-per's Ferry, 70 W.
N. W. Washington, 168 N. N. W. Richmond. It
is a handsome and flourishing town, regularly laid
out, and contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, 2
academies, a market-house, almshouse, and 6
houses of public worship for as many different de-
nominations. Several of the houses are built of
stone, but the principal part are of brick. Pop.
about 3,000. Lat. 39" 16' N. Lon. 77" 28' W.
Winchester, p-t. and cap, Clarke co. Ken. on a
branch of Licking river, 30 m. from Lexington.
The public buildings are a court-house, jail, and
academy. Pop. about 1,000.
Winchester, p-t. and cap. Frankhn co. W. Ten-
nessee. Here is an academy.
Winchester, t. Knox co. Ohio, 9 m. S. Mounl-
vernon.
Winchester, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 14 m. N. E.
Cambridge.
Winchester, t. Green co. Ohio, 7 m. from Zenia.
Winchester, t. Champaign co. Ohio.
Winchester, p-t. and cap. New Madrid co. Mis-
souri.
Windau, seaport, Russia, in Courtland, near
the mouth of the Wera, on the Baltic. It has a
cabtle, once the residence of the Livonian knights.
It is chiefly supported by ship-building, and ex-
porting pitch, tar, wax, &c. 8 m. N. N. E. Pil-
tyu, 72 N. W. Riga. Lon. 21" 32' E. Lat. 57°
10' N.
Windeck, t. Netherlands, 9 m. S. S. E. Ghent.
Windecken, t., Germany, 4 m. N. Hanau, 9 E,
N. E. Frankfort on the Maine.
Windham, or Wymondham, t. Eng. in Norfolk,
9 m. W. S. W. Norwich, 103 N. London. Lon. 1°
7'E. Lat. 52° 34' N.
Windham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada.
Windham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 16 m.
N.W.Portland. Pop. 1,613.
Windham, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 31 m. S,
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 742.
Windham, co. Vt. bounded N. by Windsor co.
E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts,
and W. by Bennington co. Pop. 26,760. Chief
town, Ncwfane.
Windham, t. Windham co. Vt, 25 m. S. W.
Windsor. Pop. 782.
Windham, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachu-
setts, E. by Rhode Island, S. by New-London co.
W I N
793
W I N
and W, by Tolland co. Pop. 23,611. Chief town,
Brooklyn.
Windham, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 14 m. N. Nor-
wich, 30 E. Hartford, 44 W. Providence. Pop.
2,416. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congrega-
tioualists, and 2 for Baptists.
Windham, p-t. Greene co. {N. Y.) S. W. of
Catskill. Pop. 3,965. Here the Kaaterskill, a
small creek running into the Catskill, has a stu-
pendous fall over a perpendicular precipice of
310 feet.
Windisch FeistrUz, t. Austria, 40 m, S. Gratz, Lenox. Pop. 1,108.
110 S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 28' E. Lat. 46" Windsor, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the VV. jide
30' N.
on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 16 miles be-
low Hanover, 61 S. Monf pelier, 40 E. Rutland, 1 10
N. W. Boston. It contains a court-house, state
prison, a female academy, and 2 houses of public
worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap-?
tists. The village is very jileasantly situated near
the bank of the river, and has many well built
houses" and considerable trade. There is a bridge
across the Connecticut, connecting the town with
Cornish. Pop. 2,757.
Windsor, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. N. E.
Windish, v. Switzerland, in the canton of Berne,
3 m. W. Baden.
Windle, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 10 m. N. E. Liv-
erpool.
Windrush, r. Eng. in Oxford, wliich runs into
the Thames, 5 m. S. S. W. Witney.
Windsbach, t. and citadel, Germany, 10 m. S.
E. Anspach, 20 S. W. Nuremberg. Lon. 10" 46'
E. Lat. 49" 13' N.
Windshtim, t. Bavaria, 28 m. S. W. Wurzburg,
36 S. S. W. Bamberg. Lon. 10° 26' E. Lat. 49°
34' N. Pop. 4,300.
Windsor, t. Eng. in Berkshire, situated on the
right bank of the Thames. It is built on the side
of a hill, and consists of several streets. The cas-
tle is said to have been built before the Conquest,
and for more than 700 years has been the favorite
country residence of the kings of England. It is
a magnificent edifice, containing many splendid
apartments. St. George's chapel is a most beau-
tiful Gothic building. Adjoining to the town are
two royal parks, one, called the Little Park, about
three miles in circumference ; the other, called
the Great Park, is said to be 20 : both are well
slocked with deer. Windsor sends two members
to parliament. 38 m. E. S. E. Oxford, 22 W.
London. Lon. 0° 32' W. Lat. 51° 28' N. Pop.
5,272.
Windsor, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the St. Francis, 53 m. S. E. Three Rivers.
Windsor, t. Hani's co. Nova Scotia, 45 m. N.
W. Halifax. A college was established here in
1789, by the legislature of Nova Scotia, and en-
dowed with 4O0Z. per annum, together with the
sums requisite for the erection of the necessary
buildings. A royal charter was obtained in 1802,
which authorises the establishment of 3 or more
professorships, and 12 or more scholarships, and
1,000/. per annum was gi-anted for the support of
the college. Hitherto the funds have supported
only a president and vice-president, who have dis-
charged the duties of the various professorships,
and 4 scholars, who have an annual stipend of 20/.
each. The Society in England for propagating
the Gospel have recently founded 8 new scholar-
ships, with a stipend of 30/. per annum for each.
The college is designed principally tor the educa-
tion of clergymen for the provinces of Nova Sco-
tia and New-Brunswick. Connected with the
college is a grammar school, designed as a pre-
paratory institution.
Windsor, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m. S. W.
Concord.
Windsor, co. Vt. bounded N. by Orange co. E.
by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co. and W.
by Rutland and Orange counties. Pop. 34,877.
Chief town, Woodstock.
Windsor, p-t. and cap. Windsor co. Vermont,
100
of Connect'ic"ut river, 7 m. above Hartford. Pop.
2,868. It is intersected by Farmington river. It
contains 5 churches, 2 of which are for Congrega-
tionalists, and 1 for Baptists.
Windsor, t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Susque-
hannah, 15 m. t. Chenango. Pop. 1,960. ^
Windsor, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 1 ,74 < .
Windsor, West, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop.
1,714.
Windsor, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1, /39.
Windsor, p-t. and cap. Bertie co. N. C. on the
Cashie, 23 m. W. S. W. Edenton, 97 from Hali-
fax.
Windsor, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand
river, 14 m. S. W. Jeflferson.
Windicard Passage, a name given to a course
from the S. E. angle of the island of Jamaica, ia
the W. Indies, and extending 160 leagues, to the
N. side of Crooked Island, in the Bahamas.
Windu-ard Islands, in opposition to Leeward.
These islands in the West-Indies extend from Mar-
tinico lo Tobago.
Windward Point, cape on the N. E. coast of the
island of St. Christopher. Lon. 62" 22' W. Lat.
17° 23' N.
Winee, or Black river, S. C. unites with the Pe-
dee, 3 m. above Georgetown.
Winenendale, v. Flanders, 8 m. E. N. E. Dix-
mude. .
Winfield, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Uti-
ca. It was formerly part of Litchfield.
Wing, t. Eng. in Buckinghamshire, 7 m. N. E,
Avlcsburv
Wingham, t. Eng. in Kent, 11 m. W. Deal, 62
E. Loudon. Lon. 1° 12' E. Lat. 51° 16' N.
Wingham' s Island, small isl. near the N. W. coast
of America, 3 m. N. W. Kaye's Island. Lon215°
46' E. Lat. 60" 4' N.
Winhall, t. Bennington co. Vt. 25 m. N. E. Ben-
nington. Pop. 429.
Winingen, t. Prussian States, on the N. side of
the Moselle, 5 m. W Coblentz.
Winkoop^s Bay, or Wine Cooper's Bc(t/, Island,
and Cajte, on the S. coast of Java. Lon. of th«
cape, 106° 36' E. Lat. 7° 25' S.
Winlaton, t. Eng. in Durham, 6 m. W. New-
castle.
Winnebago, Lake, an expansion of Fox river,
Michigan T*?rritory, it is about 30 m. above the
mouth of the river, and is 24 miles long and 10 wide
Winenden, t. Wurtemburg, 12 m. E. N. E^
Stuttgart, 7 S. E. Marpach. Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat
48°53'N. Pop. 2,500.
Winnipec, Lake, U. States, through which th^
Mississippi parses near its source. It is about 14
miles long and 9 wide. Little Lake Wmnipec h
10 m. below, and is 5 miles long and 3 wide.
Winnipeg, lake, N. America, 240 m. long, and
from 50 to 109 broad Lpc 97° 20' W. Lat, ft?'
10' N
704
W I R
JVinnipiseogee, the largest lake in N. H. 22 m.
long from S. E. to N. W. and in the widest part, 8
broad.
Winnipiseogee, r. N. H. which issues from the
S. W. part of Winnipiseogee lake, and after a
course of 20 miles falls into the Pemigewasset, the
main branch of Merrimack river.
JVinnsborough, p-t. and cap. Fairfield co. S. C.
on a branch of the Wateree, 30 m. N. N. VV. Co-
lumbia, 145 N. N. W. Charleston. It contains a
court-house and jail, and is the seat of a college
called Mount Zion college, which, however, has
not hitherto gone into operation.
Winschote, or Winschotten, t. Netherlands, in
Groningen, 19 m. E. Groningen, 25 N. Covorden.
Wimen am der Luhe, t. Germany, 12 m. S. E.
Hamburg, 22 N. W. Luneburg.
Winsloiv, t. Eng. in Bucks, 7 m. S. E. Bucking-
ham, 50 N. VV. London. Lon. 0" 52' W. Lat. 51°
66' N.
Winsloic, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on Kenne-
beck river, at the confluence of the Sebasticook,
opposite Waterville, 16 m. N. Augusta, Pop. 658.
Winder, t. Eng. in Derby, 26 m. W. Derby, 152
N. London. Lon. 1° 31' W. Lat. 53" 12' N.
Winterberg, or JVinberg, t. Bohemia, 10 m. W.
Prachatitz, 26 N. W. Crumau. Lon. 13° 39' E.
Lat. 49" 2' N.
Winteringham, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 166 m. N.
London.
Winterthur, t. Switzerland, in Zurich. It was
formerly an imperial town. The eartlien-ware
made here is in great repute. 14 m. N. E. Zu-
rich, 21 N. W. Constance. Pop. 3,280.
Winterton, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 9 m. N. N.
W. Glanford Brigs.
Winterton^ t. Eng. in Norfolk, near the coast, 7
m. N. Yarmouth,
Winterton J^ess, cape, Eng. on the E. coast of
Norfolk, on which is a light-house, 10 m. N. Yar-
mouth. Lon. r 41' E. Lat. 52° 44' N.
Winthrop, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 12 m. W.
Augusta. Pop. 1,444.
Winton, p-t. and cap. Hertford co, N. C. on the
S, bank of Chowan river, 35 m. N, VV. Edenton.
It contains a court-house and jail, and about 30
houses.
Wintonbury, p-v. Hartford co. Ct.
Winlzig, t. Silesia, 9 m. E. N. E. Steinau, 9 N.
W. Wohlau, 24 S. E. Gross Glogau. Lon. 16" 36'
E. Lat. 51° 27' N.
Winyaw, bay, S. C. which receives Pedee,
Wakkamaw, and Winee rivers, and meets the
ocean 12 m. below Georgetown.
Wipe, t. Prussia, 28 m. N. E. Konigsberg.
Wipe, r. Prussia, which runs into the Curisch
Haff, 10m. E.N. E. Labiau.
Wipper, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rhine, between Cologji and Zons.
Wipper, r. Germany, which runs into the Saal,
near Bernberg.
Wipperfurt, t. Germany, 27 m. S. E. Dusseldorf.
Lon. 7" 27' E. Lat. 51° 5' N.
Wippengen, t. Switzerland, 12 m. S. S. W. Fri-
burg.
Wippra, t. Germany, on the Wipper, 10 m. W,
N. VV. Eiszleben, 20 E. Nordhausen. Lon. 11° 30'
E. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Wirben, t. Germany, on the left side of the Elbe,
12 ra. N. Stendal, 13 S. Perleber^.
Wire, one of the smallest Orkney Islands, sepa-
rated from Rousa by a strait, called Wire Sound,
about I m. broad. Lon. 2° 51' W. Lat. 58° 58' N
W I T
Wirksworth, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, in the midst
of mountains abounding in lead ore, 13 m. N. Der-
by, 106 N. London. Lon. 1" 27' W. Lat. 53° 8' N.
Pop. 5,474.
Wirral, or Wirehall, a strip of land in Cheshire,
Eng. extending from the city of Chester to the sea,
between the rivers Dee and Mersey.
Wisbaden, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau.
Here are some medicinal springs, formerly in
great repute. 5 m. N. W. Mentz, 30 S. W.
Wetzlar. Lon. 8° 9' E. Lat. 50" 3' N. Pop. 3,000.
Wisbeach, or Wisbich, or Ombeach, s-p. Eng. in
Cambridgeshire, on a navigable river, about IB
miles from the sea, 17 m. S. W. Lynn, 90 N.
London. Lon. 0° 5' E. Lat. 52° 39' N. Pop. 5,309.
Wisby, t. Sweden, on the W. coast of the island
of Gothland, formerly one of the Hanse Towns.
The harbor is safe and commodious, but not very
large. Lon. 18" 18' E. Lat. 57° 38' N. Pop. 3,745.
Wiscasset, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln
CO. Maine, on the W. side of Sheepscot river, 14
m. N. E. Bath,' 49 N. E. Portland, 167 N. N. E.
Boston. It contains a court-house, a handsome
stone jail, an academy, Congregational meeting
house, bank and insurance office. The harbor is
safe, capacious, easy of access, and open at all sea-
sons of the year. A large amount of shipping is
owned here. The number of tons in 1815, was
18,429. Pop. in 1820,2,131.
Wischau, or Wiskau, t. Moravia, 15 m. E.
Brunrv, 18 S. S. W. Olmutz. Lon. 16° 54' E. Lat.
49° 17' N. Pop. 2,590.
Wisesburg, p-v. Baltimore co. Md.
WisharCs Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, one of
tlie Solomon islands. Lon. 150° 55' E. Lat. 2° 20*8.
Wisir, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near the west
coast of Aroo. Lon. 134° 51' E. Lat. 15° 21' S.
Wisk, or Wirsk, r. Eng. in York, which runs
into the Swale.
Wisloch, t. of the grand duchy of Baden, 14 m.
E. Spire, 18 S. E. Manheim. Lon. 8° 45' E. Lat.
49° 18' N. Pop. 1,902.
Wismar, t. of the grand duchy of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, situated in a bay of the Baltic, with a
good harbor ; large, well fortified, and defended
by a citadel. It has 6 churches, with a grammar
school, under the direction of eight masters. 33
m. E. Lubeck, 32 W. S. W. Rostock. Lon. 11'
26' E. Lat. 53° 55' N. Pop. 7,600.
Wissowilz, t. Moravia, 20 m. E. N. E, Hradisch,
Pop. 2,500.
Wistemilz, t. Moravia, 4 m. E. Olmutz.
Wiston, t. Wales, in Pembroke, 8 m. E. Haver-
fordwest, 235 W. London. Lon. 4° 50' W. Lat.
51° 54' N.
Wistriz, or Wesseriz, r. Bohemia, which runs
into the Egra, 3 m. E. Schlakenwerth.
Witepsk, t. Russsia, on the Duna, 56 m. E. S. E.
Pototsk. Lon. 30° 50' E. Lat. 55° 15' N. Pop.
11,685.
Witgenau, or Witchenmt, t. Germany, on the
Elster, 13 m. N. N. W. Budissen, 30 N. E. Dresden.
Witgenau, or Wittengau, or Trsebon, t. Bohe-
mia, 22 m. S. S. E. Bechin, 64 S. Prague. Lon.
14° 40^ E. Lat. 49° 4' N.
Witham, t Eng. in Essex, 14 m. S. W. Colches-
ter, 38 N. E. London. Lon. 0° 32' E. Lat. 51° 48
N. Pop. 2,352.
Witham, r. Eng. in Lincolnshire, which runs in-
to the German Sea, 5 miles below Boston, in what
are called the Washes,
Witney, t. Eng. in Oxfordshire, on the Win-
WOK
W O L
795
aubh, 10 m. W. N. W, Oxford, 64 W. N. W. Lon-
don. Pop. 2,722. Lon. 1" 25' W. Lat. 54° 47' N.
Wittbachy r. Germany, which runs into the
Rhine, about a mile below Neuwied.
Witteltn, small isl. in Steinhuder Lake, with a
fort, 3 ra. N. Hagenburg.
ffitlem, citadel, Germany, 6 m. S. E. Aix-le-
Chapelle.
Wif/emberg, t, Prussian States, in Saxony, on
the Elbe. Here is a famous university, founded
in 150^2, at which, in 1517, the Reformation took
its rise, by means of Martin Luther. This town
is not large, but fortified. 60 m. N. Dresden, 38
S. E. iMagdeburg. Lon. 12° 46' E. Lat. 51° 53' N.
Pop. 4,820.
Wittenhurg, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 17 m. VV. Schwerin.
JVittenhall, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N. E.
Wolverhampton. Pop. 3, 143.
IVitte Revier, a settlement of the United Breth-
ren in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 500
miles E. of Capetown, established in 1818, and
soon afterwards destroyed by the Caffres.
Wittlichy t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine,
16 ra. N. E. Treves, 38 S. W. Coblentz. Lon, 6°
52' E. Lat. 50° 4' N. Pop. 1,700.
Wittstock, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
47 m. N. N. W. Berlin, 43 N. Brandenburg. Lon.
} 2° 39' E. Lat. 53° 1 0' iN. Pop. 3, 800.
Witzenhausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, ISoJt^E. Cassel,
32 W. N. W. Mulhausen. Lon. 9° 48' E. Lat. 51"
10' N. Pop. 2,200.
fVivelscombe, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, on the
Tone, 1 1 m. W. Taunton, 154 W. London. Lon.
3° 28' W. Lat. 51° 1' N. Pop. 2,571.
JVivenJioe, v. Eng. in Essex, on the Coin. It is
the harbor of Colchester.
JVladislaw, or Inotrroslaw, t. Poland, on the Vis-
tula, 108 m. N. W.Warsaw, 106 S. Dantzig. Lon.
18° 35' E, Lat. 52" 35' N. Pop. 2,616.
Wlodzimierz, t. Poland, on the Bog, 48 m. W.
Luckow, 180 E. Cracow. Pop. 3,126.
Woahoo, or Oahoo, one of the Sandwich Islands,
and much the finest of the whole group. Nothing
can exceed the verdure of the hills, the variet}' of
wood and lawn, and rich cultivated valleys, which
the whole face of the country displays. It is sup-
posed to contain 60,000 inhabitants. Lon. 157° 51'
W. Lat. 21° 43' N.
Woapo, one of the Ingraham Islands in the Pa-
cific Ocean. Capt. Ingraham called it Jldams. Lat.
9° 27' S.
TVoburn, t. Eng. in Bedford, 9 m. N. W. Dun-
stable, 42 N. W. London. Lon. 0° 37' W, Lat. 51°
69' N.
Woburn, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. N. Bos-
ton. Pop. 1,219.
Wodnany, or Wodnian^ t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. E.
Prachatitz, 58 S. Prague. Lon. 14" 2' E. Lat. 49°
10' N. Poj). 4,530.
Woeramatta, small isl. in the E. Indian Sea.
Lon. 131° 36' E. Lat. 7° 2' S.
fVoerden, or Wordeiv, t. Holland, on the Rhine,
8 m. W. Utrecht, 15 S. Amsterdam. Pop. 26,028.
Wohlau, t. Silesia, 20 m. N. W. Breslau, 29 S.
E. Grosglau. Lon. 16" 35' E. Lat. 51° 20' N. Pop.
1,530.
Woking, t. Eng. in Surry, 8 m. N. Guildford, 77
S. W. London.
Wokingham,oT Oakingham, t. Eng. in Berkshire,
7 m. E. S. E. Reading, 32 W. London. Lon. 0"
43' W. Lat. 51° 24' N. Pop. 2,081.
Wolbeck, or Waldbeck, t. Germany, 7 m. S. S.
E. Munster. Lon. 7° 52' E. Lat. 51" 53' N.
Wolcott, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 22 m. N. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 124.
Wolcott, t. New-Haven co. Ct. 22 m. from Hart-
ford. Pop. 952. It contains 2 churches, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians.
Wolcott, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y.<m Lalce Ontario,
200 m. from Albany. Pop. 480.
Woldenberg, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
9 m. N. E. Friedberg, 92 E. N. E. Berlin. Lon,
15" 45' E. Lat, 53° N.
Wolftborough, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the E.
side of lake VVinnipiseogee, 32 m. N. E. Concord.
Pop. 1,376.
Wolfestoicn, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
50 m, S, E. Three Rivers.
Wolf Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55° 40' W. Lat. 53° 55' N.
Wolf Island, isl, at the N, E, end of Lake Onta-
rio. Lon. 76° 50' W, Lat. 44° N.
Wolf Island, isl. in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60° 55' W,
Lat. 50° 2' N.
Wolf river, r. Mississippi, which flows S. 140
miles, and communicates with the Gulf of Mexi-
co, in St Louis bay, 22 m. E. Pearl river.
Wolf river, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Mississippi, near the S. W. corner of the State.
Wolf river, r. Ohio, which runs into the Musk-
ingum, 15 m. above Marietta.
Wolf river, a N. branch of Fox river, N. W.
Territory, Avhich has its sources near the head wa-
ters of tributaries to Lake Superior.
Wolf Rock, in the Pacific Ocean, 10 m. from the
S. coast of the Prince of Wales's Archipelago.
Lon. 226° 42' E. Lat. 55° 1' N.
Wolf Rock, rock at the entrance of the English
Channel, 10 m. S. Land's-End, 18 W, Lizard
Point. Lon. 5° 45' W. Lat. 49" 58' N.
Wolfenbuttel, city, Germany, in the duchy of
Brunswick, on the Ocker. It is well built and for-
tified. In it is a chateau, a long time the resi-
dence of the dukes, in which is a noble library,
containing 120,000 volumes. 24 m. E. Hilde-
sheim, 45 W. Magdeburg. Lon. 10" 40' E. Lat.
52°10'N. Pop. 6,650.
Wolffach, t. Baden, 4 m. S. S. E. Hazlach, 12 S.
S. W. Freudenstatt. Lon. 8" 16' E. Lat. 48° 13' N.
Pop. 1,388.
Wolfghast, or Wolgasl, t. Prussian States, in
Pomerania, on the Pena, about 3 miles from the
Baltic, 30 m. S. E, Stralsund, 50 N. W. Stettin.
Lon, 13" 45' E, Lat. 54" 2' N, Pop. 3,700.
Wolfihagen, t. Ilesse-Cassel, on the Erpe, 15
m. W. Cassel, 10 N. Waldeck. Lon, 9° 10' E. Lat.
51° 18' N. Pop. 1,450.
Wolfson, small isl. m the Gulf of Finland, Lon,
24° 44' E, Lat. 59" 22' N.
Wolf stein, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Rhine,
43 m, W, N. W. Manheim, 19 N, Deux Ponts.
Wolin, or Wolynie, t. Bohemia, 8 m. N. N. W.
Prachatitz, 63 S. S. W. Prague. Lon. 13° 45' E..
Lat, 49° 10' N.
Wolkcnstein, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge-
birg, with a citadel, on a rock near the Zschopa,
13 m. S. S. E, Chemnitz, 36 S. W. Dresden. Lon.
12° 59* E. Lat. 50° 36' N. Pop. 1,000.
WoUacombe Bay, bay, Eng, on the W. coast of
Devonshire, to the N. of Barnstable Bay.
Wollapaliam, t. Hind. 10 m. E, Coimbetore.
Woller, or Wooller, t. Eng. in Northumberland
79e
woo
woo
CO. on the Till, near the Cheviot Hills, 31 m. N.
Morpeth, 318 N. London. Lon. 1° 45' W. Lat.
55° 35' N. Pop. 1,679.
Wollin, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, on the
E. coast of the island so called, sepai*ated from tlie
continent by the river Direnow, over which is a
bridge. 25 m. N. Old Stettin. Lon. 14° 35' E.
Lat. 53° 48' N. Pop. 2,400.
Wollin, isl. formed at the mouth of the Oder, be-
tween the Baltic and the Frische Haff, about 30
miles in circumference.
fVolmirstadt, t. Germany, 10 m. N. Magdeburg,
40 E. Brunswick. Lon. 1 1° 45' E. Lat. 52° 1 8' N .
Wolsingham, t. Eng. in Durham, 13 m. W. Dur-
ham, 295 N. London, Lon. 1° 52' W. Lat. 54° 50' N.
Wolvtrhampton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, cele-
brated for its manufacture of locks, and of late
years, ot Japanned goods. 15 m. S. W. Litchfield,
124 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 8' W. Lat. 52" 35' N.
Wolves'' islands, cluster of islands off the coast of
Maine, near Campo Bello. Lon. 66° 40' W.
Lat. 44° 48' N.
Wolvey, v. Eng. in Warwick, 10 m. N. E. Cov-
entry, 96 N. W. London.
Wombintllore, t. Hind, in Baramaul, 100 m. S.
E. Seringapatam, 110 W. S. W. Pondicherry.
Lon. 78° 15' E. Lat. 1 1° 43' N.
Wombom, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. S. W.
Wolverhampton.
Womelsdorf, p-t. Berks co. Pa. 68 m. N. W. Phil-
adelphia.
Wondra, or Wondreb, r. Bavaria, which runs
into the Egra, near Konigsberg, in Bohemia.
Wood, CO. in the N. W. part of Va. Pop. 3,036,
in-'luding 450 slaves.
Wood, CO. Ohio, on the Maumee, formed in
1820, in the Indian reservation.
Woodberry, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,107.
Woodbourne, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 8 m. S.
Dayton.
Woodbridge, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 8 m. E. N. E.
Ipswich, 76 N. N. E. London. Lon. 1° 18' E. Lat.
52° 6' N.
Woodbridge, t. New-Haven co. Ct. 7 m. from
New-Haven. Pop. 2,084.
Woodbridge, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. W. N.
W. Amboy. Pop. 4,247. It contains 2 churches,
1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyterians.
Woodbury, t. Caledonia co. Vt.l5 m. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 254.
Woodbury, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 25 m. from New-
Haven, 36 from Hartford. Pop. 1,963.
Woodbury, p-t. and cap. Gloucester co. N. J. 9
m. S. Philadelphia. It contains a handsome brick
court-house, a jail, academy, Quaker meeting
house, and about 80 houses.
Wood creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Lake
Champlain, at Whitehall. •
Wood creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Oneida
lake. It is connected with Mohawk river by a
canal.
Wood creek, r. Illinois, which runs into the Mis-
sissippi.
Wooden'' s Island, rocky isl. in the Pacific Ocean,
on the S. coast of King George III.'s Archipelago.
Woodford, t. Bennington co. Vt. 6 m. E. Ben-
nington. Pop. 254.
Woodkouse, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Erie.
Wood island, small isl. off the coast of Maine, 5
leagues N. E . Cape Porpoise. Lou. 70° 24' W.
Lat 43° 26' N.
Wood's Bay, bay, in the straits of Magellan, 15
m. W. Cape Froward. Lon. 72° 55' W. Lat. SS""
58' S.
Woodsborough, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 11 m. N.
E. Fredericktown.
Woods Island, smidl isl. near the N. coast of
Jamaica. Lon. 76° 8' W. Lat. 18° 12' N.
Woodsfield, p-t. and cap. Monroe co. Ohio, 14 m.
W. of Ohio river, 31 S. W. St. Clairsville, 35 N.
Marietta.
Woods, Lake of the. See Lake of the Woods.
Woodstock, t. Eng. in Oxford co. anciently a roy-
al seat. It is famous for the parliamentary settle-
ment of the honor and manor of the town and hun-
dred on the Duke of Marlborough, and his de-
scendants, as a reward for his victories, in the
year 1704, over the French and Bavarians, par-
ticularly at Blenheim ; to perpetuate the memory
of which battle, a stately palace, by the name of
Blenheim-House, was erected here, at the public
charge. 8 m. N. Oxford, 62 N. W. London. Lon.
r 15' W. Lat. 51° 51' N. Pop. 1,322.
Woodstock, t. York co. New-Brunswick, on the
W, side of the St. John's.
Woodstock, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. N. Paris.
Woodstock, p-t. and cap. Windsor co. Vt. 14 m.
N. W. Windsor, 47 S. Montpelier. Pop. 2,672.
The village is pleasantly situated on the Queechy,
and contains a courf -house, jail, and church.
Woodstock, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 45 m. N. E.
Hartford, 33 N. W. Providence. Pop. 2,654. It
is divided into 3 parishes, and contains an acade-
my, and 5 churches, 3 for Congregationalists, and
2 ior Baptists.
Woodstock p-t. Ulster co N. Y. 14 m. N. W.
Kingston. Pop. 950. It contains 2 churches, 1
for Lutherans, and 1 for Dutch Reformed.
Woodstock, p-t. and cap. Shenandoah co. Va. 30
m. S. S. W. Winchester, 112 from Washington,
It contains acourt-house,jail, academy, 4 church-
es, and about 200 houses.
Woodstock, p-t. Hyde co. N. C.
Woodstown, p-t. Salem co. N. J. 12 m. N. by E.
Salem, 26 S. S. W. Philadelphia.
Woodstoij;n, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Alabama.
Woodville, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Woodville, p-v. Hanover co. Va.
Woodville, p-t^and cap. Wilkinson co. Mississip-
pi, 37 m. S. Natchez.
Woodville, p-v. Warren co. Tennessee.
Woody Island, hi. in the E. Indian Sea. Lon.
106" 5' E. Lat. 1° 4G' N. See Victoire.
Woody Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 1 28° .5' W. Lat. 50° N.
Woojeda, t. Algiers, in Tremecen, (an. Guagi-
da,) 20 m. W. S. W. Tremecen.
Wooldale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Wakefield.
Woolly, or Ouly, kingdom of Africa, on the N.
side of the Gambia.
Woolpit, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 8 m. E. Bury St Ed-
munds, 80 N. N. E. London.
Woolstanton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N.
Newcastle-uuder-line.
Woolwich, t. Eng. in Kent. co. on the right bank
of the Thames. For upwards of two centuries
there has been a royal dock-yard at this place, un-
der the immediate direction of the Navy Boai'd.
This is said to be the most ancient naval arsenal
in England. A royal academy for engineers is
here established, under the Board of Ordnance, in
which are taught the principles and art of fortifi-
cation, and every branch of military science rela-
ting thereto, with the French and Latin lan-
guages, writing, fencing, and drawing. The
W O R
W R E
797
largest ships may at all times ride here in safety.
10 m. E. London. Lon. 0" 3' E. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Pop. 17,034.
Woolwich, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, on Kenne-
beck river, 7 m. W. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,050.
Woolwich, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Fop. 3,063.
Wooster, p-t and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, on the
Killbuck, which is navigable to this place for
boats. 48 m. S. Lake Erie, 87 N. Columbus.
Pop. in 1819, 1,355. It contains a brick court-
house, a jail, bank, printing office, and about 60
dwelling houses. Two miles N. W. of Wooster,
is a well for salt water, sunk 460 feet deep, from
which it is expected large quantities of salt may
be made.
Wooster, t. Washington co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
Marietta.
Worcester, city, Eng. cap. of Worcester co. and
see of a bishop, on the Severn. The principal
manufacture is that of gloves, with one of elegant
China-ware. Worcester is large and well built.
Besides the cathedral, it contains nine parish
churches. It sends two members to parliament.
39 m. N. Bristol, 120 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2°
7 W. Lat. 53° 13' N. Pop. 13,8 14.
Worcester, county, Eng. bounded N. by Stafford-
shire and Shropshire, E. by Warwickshire, S. by
Gloucestershire, and W. by Herefordshire and
Shropshire. Pop. 160,546.
Worcester, t. Washington co. Vt. 10 m. ^. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 41.
Worcester, co. Mass. bounded N. by N. Hamp-
shire, E. by Middlesex co. S. by Connecticut and
R. Island, and W. by Franklin, Hampshire, and
Hamden cos. Pop. 64,910.
Worcester, p-t. and cap. Worcester co. Mass. 40
m. W. Boston, 38 N. N. W. Providence, 57 E.
Northampton. Pop. 2,577. It is the largest in-
land town in New England, and a place of much
wealth and trade, and contains a handsome court-
house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, from each of
which a weekly newspaper is issued ; and 3 houses
of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1
for Baptists. The houses in the village are neatly
built, principally on one street, extending up-
wards of a mile in length. In 1819, a handsome
and commodious building was erected for the re-
ception of the library and cabinet of the Ameri-
can Antiquarian Society. The library consists of
nearly 6,000 volumes, many of them rare and val-
uable works, and the cabinet is respectable.
The building was erected at great expense by
Isaiah Thomas, LL. D. the President of the Socie-
ty.
Worcester, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. S. E.
Cooperstown. Pop. 1,140.
Worcester, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 868.
Worcester, co. on the eastern shore of Md. boun-
ded N. by Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by
Virginia, and W. by Somerset co. Pop. 16,971,
including 4,427 slaves. Chief town, Snowhill.
Worcum, or Woudrichem, or Wodercum, t. Hol-
land, on the S. side of the Wahal, 13 m. E. N. E.
Dort, 16 N. N. E. Breda. Pop. 3, 157.
Worcum, s-p. Friesland, subject to inundations
of the sea. The harbour is blocked up with sand,
but it carries on considerable trade by means of its
canals. 18 m. S. W. Lewarden. Lon. 5° 35' E.
Lat. 53° N.
Wordingberg, s-p. Denmark, on the S. coast of
the island of Zealand, opposite the island of Fal-
ster. 43 m. S. W. Copenhagen, 13 S. S. E. Nest-
ved. Lon. 11° 58' E. Lat. 55° 3' N-
Workington, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. at the
mouth of the Derwent, 7 m. N. Whitehaven, 307
N. N. W. London. Lon. 3° 27' W. Lat. 54° 34'
N. Pop. 5,807.
Worksop, t. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 18 m. S.
Sheffield, 146 N. London. Lon. 1° 8' W. Lat. 53°
18' N.
Worlitz, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau, on the
Elbe, 5 m, E. Dessau. Pop. 1,800.
Wormhout, t. France, in North, 5 m. S. Ber-
gues. Pop. 3,078.
Worms, late a bishopric of Germany, in the cir-
cle of the Upper Rhine, surrounded by the Lower
Palatinate, the county of Katzenelnbogen, and the
electorate of Mentz ; about 10 miles in length,
along the borders of the Rhine.
Worms, t. Germany in Hesse-Darmstadt, for-
merly an imperial city, and capital of a bishopric
of the same name, is situated near the Rhine.
This city has undergone many misfortunes. 25
m. S. Mentz, 82 E. S. E. Treves. Lon. 8° 22' E.
Lat. 49° 36' N. Pop. 5,600.
Worm's Head, or Penrhyn Gwyr, rock on the S.
coast of Wales, in Glamorgan. Lon. 4° 17' W,
Lat. 51° 36' N.
Wormsdorf, t. Saxony, 20 m. E. Leipsic, 20 N.
W. Meissen. Lon. 12° 53' E. Lat. 51° 16' N.
Worsborough, v. Eng. in York, 3 m. S. Barnes-
ley, 171 N. London.
Worse, X. Eng. which runs into the Severn,
near Bridgenorth.
Worseley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. N. W.
Manchester.
Worsted, or Wursted, t. Eng. in Norfolk, re-
markable for the invention of first twisting of
woollen yarn, hence called tvorsted. 12 m. N.
Norwich, 120 N. N. E. London. Lon. 1° 25' E=
Lat. 52° 46' N.
Worth Barrow Bay, bay of the English chan-
nel, on the S. coast of Dorset, 11 m. E. Wey-
mouth.
Worthington, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m.
N. W, Northampton. Pop. 1,391.
Worthington, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Worthington, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio, 9 m. N.
Columbus, 58 W. Zanesville. It is pleasantly
situated, and contains an academy, several facto-
ries, and 64 dwelling-houses.
Wortley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Leeds.
Wotton Basset, t. Eng. in WilL«, 18 m. S. W.
Farrington, 89 W. London. Lon. 1° 56' W. Lat.
51° 32' N.
Wotton under Edge, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 18
m. S. Gloucester, 108 W. London. Lon. 2° 23'
W. Lat. 51° 42' N.
Wragby, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 11 ra. N. E.
Lincoln, 144 N. London. Lon. 0" 20' W. Lat. 53°
16' N.
Wrangon, small isl. in thegulf of Finland. Lon.
25° E. Lat. 59° 34' N.
Wrath, Cape, Scotland, the N. W. extremity of
Sutherland co. Lon. 5° 18' W. Lat. 58° 40' N.
Wreak, or Wreke, r. Eng. in Leicestershire,
which runs into the Soar, 7 m. N. E. Leicester.
Wrentham, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 27 m. S. W.
Boston, 18 N. N. E. Providence. It contains an
academy, and cotton manufactory, and is cele-
brated for the manufacture of straw bonnets. Pop.
2,478.
Wrexham, t. Wales, in Denbigh. This is the
largest town in North Wales. Here is a large
cannon foundcry, 12 m. S. S. W. Chester, 178 N-
798
W U R
W Y T
W. London. Lon. 3° 12' W. Lat. 53° 4' N. Pop.
4,039.
Wrightsborough, p-v. Union co. S. C.
WrighUboroughy p-v. Columbia co. Geo. 12 m.
W. Aplington.
Wrightsburg, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, 8 m. N. W. Jefferson.
Wrightstoum, t. Bucks co. Pa. 4 m. N. New-
town.
Wrightstown, t. Belmont co. Ohio.
JVrightsville, p-v. York co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah, opposite Columbia.
Wrington, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 11 m. S.
Bristol, 126 W. London. Lon. 2° 56' W. Lat. 51"
20' N.
Wrolham, or Wortham, t. Eng. in Kent, 11m.
W. N. W. Maidstone, 24 S. E. London. Lon. 0°
18' E. Lat. 51° 19' N.
Wroxcter, v. Eng. in Salop, at the union of tlie
Torn and the Severn. Many Roman coins and
other antiquities have been found here. 5 m. S.
E. Shrewsbury, 155 N. W. London.
Wumme, r. Germany, which runs into the We-
scr, about 6 m. N. W. Bremen.
Wunnenberg, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia,
14 m. S. Paderborn. Lou. 8° 1' E. Lat. 51° 29' N.
JVunschelberg, or Rradeck, t. Prussian States, in
Silesia, 10 m. N. W. Glatz. 20 S. Schweidnitz.
Lon. 16° 15' E. Lat 50" 19' N. Pop. 1, 352.
Wunsiedel, t. Bavaria, 34 m. E. Bayreuth, 16
W. Eger in Bohemia. Lon. 12° 3' E. Lat. 50'^ 3'
N. Pop. 2,871.
TFunstorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of
Calenberg, 10 m. W. N. W. Hanover. Lon. 9°
32' E. Lat. 52° 27' N. Pop. 1,700.
WurbenthaU t. Austrian Silesia, 13 m. W. Ja-
jerndorf, 22 N. W. Trophau. Lon, 17° 15' E,
Lat. 49° 57' N.
Wurtemberg, late a duchy, and now a kingdom
of Germany, of an oval figure, and included be-
tween Bavaria on the east and Baden on the
west. It is completely surrounded by these two
countries, except lor a short distance on the south,
where it borders on the Lake of Constance. It
contains 8,118 square miles, and 1,395,463 inhab-
itants, with a reventie of 1 ,000,000^. sterling. In
the diet of the German Confederation, it is enti-
tled to 1 vote, and to 4 votes in the general assem-
bly. The kingdom is composed of a great num-
ber of counties and lordships, some of which were
purchased, some devolved to it by marriage, and
others were acquired by conquest. It is the most
fertile part of the southwestern section of Germa-
ny, and exports grain in considerable quantities.
There is a university at Tubingen. Stuttgart is
the capital.
Wurwama, t. Hind, in Guzerat, on the S. side of
the gulf of Cutch, 40 m. N. E. Noanagur.
Wv.rway,v. Wales, which runs into the Vurney,
3 m. S. Llanvilling.
Wursburg, late a bishoprick of Germany, and
m 1806 erected into a duchy, now included in the
kingdom of Bavaria. It was 80 miles long and 40
broad. Wurzburg was the capital.
JVurzburg, city, Bavaria, on the Maine, well
fortified, and defended by a fortress, situated on a
rock without the town. The town is divided into
four quarters and four suburbs, in which are a
new palace, a cathedral, several collegiate and
parish churches, colleges, abbeys, and convents.
50 m. E. S. E. Francfort on the Maine. Lon. 9°
59' E. Lat. 49" 50' N. Pop. 21,000.
JVurzen, or Wurtzen, t. Saxony, on the Mulda,
14 m. E. Leipsic, 44 N. W. Dresden. Lon. 12"
42' E. Lat, 51° 19' N. Pop. 2,100.
Wuslerhausen, t. Prussian States, in Branden-
burg, on the Dosse, 36 m. N. W. Berlin, 27 N.
Brandenburg. Lon. 12" 31' E. Lat. 52° 53' N.
Pop. 2,400.
Wutach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rhine, 10 m. below Lauffenburg.
Wyaconda, r. Missouri, which runs into the
Mississippi, 30 m. below the Des Moins.
Wyalusing, r. Pa. which runs into the E. branch
of the Susquehannah, above Asylum.
Wyalusing, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah. Pop. 576.
Wyandot, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio,
S. of Corydon.
Wyrk le Duerstede,i. Netherlands, in Utrecht, 13
m. S. E. Utrecht, 21 W. Amheim.
Wycomb, (High,) or Chipping Wycomb, t. Eng.
in Bucks, 25 m. E. S. E. Oxford, 29 W. N. W.
London. Lon. O"" 46' W. Lat. 51° 38' N. Pop.
4,756.
Wycoming falls, in the Susquehannah, 2 m.
above Wilkesbarre.
Wydaic, r. Denmark, which runs into the North
sea, near Tondern.
tVye, r. Wales, which rises in the S. part of
Montgomery co., and runs into the Severn, below
Chepstow.
fVi/e, t. Eng. in Kent, 12 m. S. W. Canterbury,
56 E. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 58' E. Lat. 51° 11' N.
Wye mills, p-t. Talbot co. Md.
Wymoa Bay, bay on the S. coast of Atooi, one
of the Sandwich islands. Lon. 200"^ 20' E. Lat. 21°
57' N.
Wylliesbury, p-v. Charlotte co. Va.
Wi/re, r. Eng. in Lancashire, which runs into
the Irish sea, 9 m. W. Garstang. Lon. 2° 56' W.
Lat. 53" 53' N.
Wynants kill, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hud-
son at Troy.
Wysox, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 619.
Wythe, CO. Va. inclosed by Tazewell, Montgom-
ery, Grayson, and Washington cos. Pop. 8,356,
including 1,157 slaves. Chief town, Evansham,
At the court-house is a post-office.
Wytootackee, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 10 miles
in circumference. Lon. 200° 19' E. Lat. 18° 52' S.
'AfV
I
X E R
X U L
799
X
wt
^m^
Xabea, s-p. Spain, in Valencia, near the coast
of the Mediterranean, 38 m. N. N. E. Alicant, 54
S. S. W. Valencia. Pop. 4,000.
Xacre, cape on the S. E. coast of Candia, 18 m.
S. E. Settia.
Xaguay Bay, large bay on the S. coast of Cuba.
LoD. 81" 20' W. Lat. 22" 10' N.
Xaintes, (Saintos,) or All-Saints' Islands, 3
small islands of the W. Indies, situated to the S. E.
of Guadaloupe, 6 miles distant Lon. 61" 32' W.
Lat. 15" 56' N.
Xalapa, t. Mexico, the see of a bishop, 70 m. E.
Puebla de los Angelos. Lon. 98° 26' W. Lat. 19"
50' N. Pop. 13,000.
Xalon, r. Spain, which xuns into the Ebro, 6 m.
above Saragossa.
Xanga, r. Africa, iiK^longallo, which runs into
the Indian sea, opposite to the island of the same
name.
Xanga, one of the Quereimby Islands, near the
E. coast of Africa. Lat. 10" 45' S.
Xanten or Sanlen, t. Prussian States, in the
province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, near the Rhine,
7 m. N. E. Gueldres, 12 S. E. Cleves. Pop. 3,000.
Xarama, r. Spain, which runs into the Tagus,
a little below Aranjuez.
Xarayes, Laguna de Los, lake of Brasil, formed
by the river Paraguay, 108 miles long and 21
broad. Lat. 17" 45' S.
Xavier, t. Spain, in Navarre, 3 m. E. Sanguesa.
Xauxa, t. Peru, 90 m. E. Lima.
Xauxa, r. S. America, which rises in the An-
des, and uniting with the Apurimac, forms the
Ucayale.
Xaixxava, t. Morocco, on a river of the same
name, 15 m. 2J. Morocco.
Xenia, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Ohio, 30 m. S.
Urbanna, 50 N. E. Cincinnati, 54 W. Columbus.
Pop. in 1815, 600. It contains a court-house and
jail, 2 churches, and an academy.
Xenil, r. Spain, which runs into the Guadal-
quivir, 3 m. below Ecija.
Xeres de Badajos, or Xeres de los Caballeros; t.
Spain, in Estremadura, 72 m. N. N. W. Seville,
51 S. W. Merida. Lon. 6° 52' W. Lat. 30" 17' N.
Pop. 6,000.
Xeres de la Frontera, t. Spain, in Seville, on the
Guadalete. The environs are celebrated for
that excellent wine, corruptly called Sherry. 15
m. N, N. E. Cadiz, 32 S. SevUle. Lon. 6" 15' W.
Lat. 36" 41' N. Pop. 8,000.
Xeres de la Fi-ontera, t. Mexico, 25 ra. S. Zaca-
tecas.
Xerica, t. Spain, in Valencia, 7 m. N. W. Se-
gorbe. Pop. 3,800.
Xerle, r. Spain, which passes by Placentia, and
runs into the Alagon.
Xertigny, t. France, in Vosges, 7 m. E. Epinal,
5 N. Plombieres. Pop. 2,530.
Xerwnenha, or Jerumeriha, t. Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, 10 m. S. Elvas, 18 S. VV. Badajos, Lon. 6"
58' W. Lat. 38° 35' N.
Xicoco, island of Japan, about 90 miles long,
and nearly as many broad, situated near the S.
W. extremity of Niphon, from which it is separa-
ted by a strait, full of small islands. Lon. 132" E.
Lat. 33" 30' N.
Xiloea, r. Spain, which at Calatiud changes its
name to Xalon.
Ximena, t. Spain, in Seville, 24 m. E. Medina
Sidonia, 54 S. E. Seville.
Ximo, or Kitisju, isl. of Japan, and second in
size and eminence, situated to the S. W. of Ni-
phon, from which it is divided by a narrow chan-
nel. Its circumference is about 300 miles. Lon,
130" 50' to 133° 30' E. Lat, 32" 40' to 34° N.
Ximonosequi, seaport, Japan, on the S. W. coast
of Niphon, with a good harbor. Lon. 132° 20' E.
Lat. 33" 56' N.
Xingu, r. South America, which rises near lat.
17" S. and after a northerly course of about 900
miles, runs into the Amazons river, 20 m. E, Pa-
la, in the government of Para.
Xixona, t. Spain, in Valencia, 13 m. N. Alicant,
54 S. Valencia, Lon. 0° 42' W. Lat. 38" 32' N.
Pop. 4,400,
Xucar, r, Spain, which runs into the Medite-
ranean, 20 m, S, Valencia.
Xidi, t. Buenos Ayres, near the W. coast of lake
Titicaca, 100 m. N. N, W. La Paz. Lon. 70° 6*
W, Lat, 16" 25' S,
Xuli, small isl. near the coast of Peru, Lat.
16° 50' S,
Xulla, or XuUoe, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 42
miles long, and from 10 to 15 broad. Lon. 125° E.
Lat. 1° 53' S,
Xullabella, isl. in the E, Indian sea, 25 miles
long and 6 broad, Lon. 126° 12' E. Lat. 2" 15' S.
Xullamangola, isl. in the E, Indian sea, 30 miles
long and 10 broad. Lon. 125° 42' E. Lat, 1°54'S.
IP
Y A L
YAP
Ya, city, Cliina, 840 m. S. W. Peking. Lon.
102" 39' E. Lat. 30° 9' N.
Yabaque, one of the Bahama islands, in lat. 23°
30' N.
Yabargulskaia, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir-
tisch, 120 m. E. Tobolsk.
Yadi, r. Russia, which runs into the Obskaia
gulf, in lon. 72° 38' E. lat. 68° 25' N.
Yadkiriy r. North Carolina, which rises in the
Alleghany mountains, and passing through Wilkes,
Surry, Rowan, Montgomery, Anson, and Rich-
mond counties, passes into South Carolina. In
Montgomery county are tlie narrows, where the
river, which was before 200 or 300 yards wide, is
contracted to 30. A few miles below the narrows
it receives Rocky river from the west, and then
takes the name of Great Pedee, which it pre-
serves till it falls into Winyaw bay, near George-
town. This river was surveyed under the direc-
tion of the Yadkin Navigation company, in 1818,
from Wilkes court-house in the mountains, to Che-
raw Hill, about 6 miles below the South Carolina
boundary, a distance of 247i miles. The expense
of making it navigable for boats of ten tons through
this distance, is estimated at $250,234, exclusive
of the narrows, where for the present it is intend-
ed to make a turnpike road for 7 miles. The dis-
tance from Cheraw Hill to Georgetown by land
is 103 miles, but by water 270. It is thought that
at least one-third of that distance can be saved by
canals at a moderate expense. See Pedee Great.
Yadrin, t. Russia, in Kazan, 122 m. W. Kazan.
Lon. 45" 44' E. Lat. 55° 34' N.
Yaguahs, t. Cuba, 22 m. S. Bayamo.
Yaguache, t. Peru, 25 m. N. E. Guayaquil.
Yaguaripey r. Brazil, which runs into the At-
lantic, in lat. 13° 12' S.
Yaguaron, t. Pai-aguay, 10 m. S. E. Assumption.
Yahanga, isl. in the sea of Japan. Lon. 131°
45' E. Lat. 43° 8' N.
YaJcimvar, t. Russia, in Viborg, on lake Ladoga,
8 m. S. Serdopol.
Yakutsk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, the
capital of a province, to which it gives name. 960
m, N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 129° 14' E. Lat, 62° 5' N.
Yale, t. Ceylon, 56 m. S. S. E. Candi. Lon. 81°
20' E. Lat. 6° 52' N.
Yale College. See Kew Haven, Ct.
Yalepul, t. Ceylon, at the mouth of the Yale, 30
m. S. Yale.
Yalepul, t. Ceylon, 96 m. S. E. Candi.
Yallah's Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica,
12 m. S. E. Kingston. Lon. 76° 21' W. Lat. 17°
53' N.
Yalmal, cape on the E. coast of Russia, in the
Karskoe sea. Lon. 68° 24' E. Lat. 72° N.
Yalobusha, r. Mississippi, which runs into the
Yazoo. It is boatable to Elliot, 30 miles above its
mouth,
Yalova, t. Natolia, on the sea of Marmora, 30
na. N. Brusa.
Yalntorovsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, oa the Tobol.
108 m. S. W. Tobolsk, 520 W. N. W. Kolivaa.
Lon 66° 32' E. Lat. 56° 8' N.
Yamanchalinskoi, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the
Ural, 20 ra. N. Guriev,
Yamasca, r, Canada, which runs into the St.
Lawrence, in lon. 72° 45' W. Lat. 46° N.
Yamaska, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. S. W. Three
Rivers.
Yamburg, t. Russia, 20 m. E, Narva. Lon. 28°
40' E. Lat. 59° 15' N,
Yamimka, r. Russia, which runs into the Irtisch, '
14 m, S. S. W. Kozlovo.
Yamina, t. Africa, in Bambarra, near the Niger.
Lon. 3" 50' W. Lat. 13° 46' N.
Yamon Bay, bay on the N. coast of the island
of Lucon. Lon. 122° 37' Tc Lat. 14° 21' N.
Yamutha, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon.
180° 29' E. Lat. 53° 40' N.
Yamschevskaia, fort of Russia, in Kolivan, oa
the Irtisch. Lon. 77° 50' E. Lat. 51° 55' N.
Yamskaia, gulf of Russia, in the Penzinskoi sea,
between cape Piliatchin and the continent. Lon.
154° 14' E. Lat, 60° 20' N.
Yamskoi, t. Russia, near the gulf of Yamskaia.
Lon, 153° 34' E, Lat. 60° 12' N.
Yana, r. Russia, which runs into the Frozen
sea, in lon. 131° 16' E. lat. 71° 25' N.
Yanceyville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. on South Anna
creek, 60 m. N. W, Richmond,
Yandaboo, t, Birmah, on the Irrawaddy, 70 m.
W, S. W, Ava.
Yandinskoi, i. Russia, on the Angara, 160 m. N.
N. W, Irkutsk, Lon, 103° 20' E. Lat, 54° 30' N. ^
Yang-ho, r. China, which joins the San-cam-ho.
Lon. 1 12° 49' E. Lat, 40° 23' N,
Yang-lcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-nan, on the bank of the royal canal, 485
m, S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 118" 54' E. Lat, 32"
26' N.
Yang-tse-kiang, or Kian-ku, r. Asia, which rises
in the mountains of Thibet, and after crossing the
empire of China, from W. to E. falls into the sea,
120 m, E. Nan-king. It changes its name in al-
most every province through which it passes.
Yani, kingdom, Africa, divided into Upper and
Lower, on the N. side of the Gambia,
Yantic, or Norwich river, Ct, joins the Shetuck-
et, at Norwich,
Yao-ngun, or Yao-ga7i, city, China, in Yun-
nan, 1,175 m, S. W. Peking. Lon. 101° E, Lat
25° 33' N,
Yao-tcheou, t Chinese Tartary, 380 m, E, N. E.
Peking. Lon. 122° 14' E. Lat, 40° 43' N.
Yao-lchtou, city, China, on the N, side of the
lake Po-yang, 670 m. S, Peking. Lon. 116° 14' E.
Lat. 29° N,
Yapandain, t, Birmah, on the Irrawaddy, 40 m.
W. Ava.
Yapialaga, or Llanos de Manso, a province of
the viceroyally of Buenos Ayres, situated S. of
the Vermejo river.
Y A y
Vapoc, r. Surinam, which runs into the Atlan-
tic, near cape Orange.
Yaracui, r. Venezuela, which runs into the
Spanish Main, in ion. 68" 40' W. lat. 10" 28' N.
Yaransk, t. Russia, 72 m. S. W. Viatka. Lon.
48° 34' E. Lat. 55" 36' iN.
Yarba, t. Africa, 430 m. S. W. Tombuctoo.
Yardlei/, v. Eng. in Worcestershire, 7 ni. S. E.
Birmingham.
Yare. See Segovia JVueva.
Yarensk, t. Russia, on the Vitche^da, 92 m. N.
E. Ustiug. Lon. 47° 50' E. Lat. 62" N.
Yarkan.^ or Irken, or Yarkien, t. Kashgar, or
Little Bukharia, 90 m. S. E. Kashgar. Lon. 78°
49' E. Lat. 38° 13' N.
Yarkan, r. Asia, which runs into lake Lop- Nor,
100 m. S. Tourfan.
Yarm, or Yarum, t. Eng. in York co. on the
Tees, 4 m. S. Stockton. Lon. 1" 24' W. Lat. 54°
37' N.
Yarmouth, or Great Yarmouth, seaport, Eng. in
Norfolk CO. at the mouth of the Yare. It is ex-
tensively engaged in the herring fishery, which
employs about 150 vessels, of 40 to 50 tons. The
harbor is convenient, but will not admit large ves-
sels. Yarmouth sends 3 members to parliament.
22 m. E. Norwich, 123 N. N. E. London. Lon. 1°
43' E. Lat. 52" 35' N. Pop. 17,977.
Yarmouth, seaport, Eng. on the N. coast of the
Isle of Wight, near the W. end. It sends 2 mem-
bers to parliament 1 1 m. W. Newport, 99 S. W.
London. Lon. 1" 30' W. Lat. 50° 40' N.
Yarmouth, t. on the W. coast of Nova Scotia,
35 m. W. Shelburn.
Yarmouth, t. iVliddlesex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie.
Yarmouth, p-t. and seaport, Barnstable co. Mass.
4 m. E. Barnstable, 70 S. E. Boston. Pop. 2,134.
Yarmuc, or Yarun, t. Palestine, on a river of
the same name, which runs into the lake of Tibe-
rias, 24 m. S. E. Sadhet.
Yarmuc, (an. Marsyas,) r. Syria, which runs
into the Orontes, near Apamea.
Yarovoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
52 m. N. Tobolsk.
Yarrow, r. Scotland, which runs into the
Tweed, 2 m. below Selkirk.
Yarum. See Yarm.
Yaruqui, a plain in New Granada, 12 m. N. E.
Quito.
Yasaschna, L Russia, on the Kitoi, 68 m. N. W.
Irkutsk.
Yatcheveram, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 25 m. S.
W. Nellore.
Ya/e's River, r. Africa, which runs into the At-
lantic, in Ion. 12" 15' W. lat. 8" 8' N.
Yatreb, the real name of Medina, in Arabia.
It is called Medina, or the city, by way of emi-
nence.
Yattendon, v. Eng. in Berks, 4 m. S. E. East
Ilsley.
Yaltonur, t. Ceylon, 10 m. S. W. Candi.
Yauaca, t. Peru, on the coast, 20 m. S. S. E.
Nasca. Lat. 15° S.
Yaugos, t. Peru, 80 m. S. E. Lima. Lon. 76°
46' W. Lat. 12" 40' S.
Yaxky, t. Eng. in Huntingdon co. 15 m. N.
Huntingdon, 74 N. London. Lon. 0° 15' W. Lat.
52°27'N.
Yayacatlan, t. Mexico, 10 m. E. S. E. Pueblade
los Angelos.
Yaycos, or Yanms, t. Peru, and capital of a ju-
risdiction, 80 m. S. S. E. Lima.
IQl
YEN
801
Yazoo, r. Mississippi, which rises in the Chick-
asaw country, and running S. W. joins the Mis-
sissippi, 12 m. above the Walnut hills, 100 above
Natchez. It is navigable 100 miles. Little Ya-
zoo runs into the Misaissippi, 15 m. below Pal-
myra.
Ye, or Wye, r. Holland, which passes by Am-
sterdam, and runs into the Zuyder Zee, 6 miles
below.
Yeadon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. Ottley.
Ytcaty, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. N. Seringapa-
tam.
Yecla, t. Spain, in Murcia. Lat. 38° 33' N. Pop.
8,000.
Yedacolta, t. Hind, m Mysore, 15 m. N. Din-
digul.
Yeddimungalum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 18 m.
E. Tanjore.
Yegue Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary, 418 m. E. N.
E. Peking. Lon. 124" 19' E. Lat. 43" N.
Yell Island, one of the Shetland islands, 20 miles
long, and about 7 broad. Lon. 1" 20' W. Lat. 60°
56' N.
Yellow River, r. Ireland, which rung into the
Boyne, 4 m. S. Kinnegad.
Yellow River. See Hoangho.
Yellow Sea, or Gulf of Leo-Tong, large gulf in-
cluded between the coast of China and the penin-
sula of Corea, about 400 miles from N. to S. and
from 100 to 250 broad.
Yellow banks. See .Mauvnis terre.
Yellow busha. See Yalobusha.
Yellow creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio,
about 15 m. above Steubenville. It rises in salt
springs, at which salt is manufactured.
Yellow creek, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 491.
Yellow springs, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa.
Yellow springs. See Ludlow, Ohio.
Yellowstone, or Rochejaune, r. North America,
which rises from a lake in the Rocky mountains,
between lat. 43" and 44" N. and after a north-east-
erly course of 1,100 miles, falls into the Missouri,
1,800 miles from its mouth. Capt. Clark descend-
ed this river, on his return from the Pacific ocean.
He found it deep, rapid, and navigable, from the
place where he struck it to its mouth, a distance
of 850 miles. Innumerable herds of buffaloes
rarged upon its banks ; and the traders speak in
terms of high admiration of the climate and soil.
The government of the U. States have it in con-
templation to establish a military post eventually
at the mouth of this river.
Yellow water, r. which rises in Alabama, and
passing into Florida, runs into Pensacola bay.
Yemen, the finest and most fertile province of
Arabia, surrounded by the Red sea, and by the
provinces of Hadramaut, Nedsjed, and Hedsjas.
Yemen is naturally divided into two parts, differ-
ing greatly in soil and climate : that bordering on
the Red sea is a dry and sandy plain, scorched by
the most torrid heats; the other, lying beyond
this, is hilly and temperate.
Yen-king, city, China, 52 m. N. N. W. Peking.
Lon. 125" 30' E. Lat. 40° 30' N.
Yenne, t. France, in Mont Blanc, near the
Rhone, 14 m. N. W. Chambery.
Yen-ngan, city, China, on the Yen, 390 m. S.
W. Peking. Lon. 108" 49' E. Lat. 36° 44' N.
Yan-ping, city, China, 820 m. S. Peking. Lon.
117"54'E. Lat.26"40'N.
Yen-tcheou, city, China, in Tche-kiang, 650 m.
S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 119° 14' E. Lat, 29° 38' N.
802
YON
Y O R
. Yen-tchtou, city, China, in Chan-tong;, 267 m. S.
Peking. Lon. 116" 36' E. Lat. 35" 44' N.
Yeovil, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Ivel, 46
m. E. Exeter, 123 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2°
48' W. Lat. 50° 56' N. Pop. 3,118.
Yeou-tun'Ouei, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 121"
19' E. Lat. 41" 8' N.
Yeou-yu, isl. in the Chinese archipelago, 62 m.
S. W. Macao.
Yepesy t Spain, in New Castile, 17 m. E. To-
ledo.
Yerkie, t. Russia, on an island at the mouth of
the Volga, 60 m. S. Astracan.
Yerma. See Jerma.
YerviHe, t. France, in Lower Seine, 15 m. N. N.
W. Rouen.
Yesd, t. Persia, in Irak, on the borders of Seges-
tan and Kennan. The inhabitants manufacture
stuffs and carpets. 190 m. E. Ispahan, 210 N. E.
Schiras, Lon. 56" E. Lat. 31° 57' N.
Yesd, t. Persia, in Laristan, 40 m. N. Lar.
Yesdikhast, or Jezdhast, t. Persia, in Farsistan,
42 m. S. Ispahan, 120 N. Sehiras.
Yethan, r. Scotland, which runs into the Ger-
man sea, 10 m. N. Aberdeen.
Yethohn, i. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. 10 m. E.
N. E. Jedburgh, 56 S. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,011.
Yevering, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 6 m. W.
N. W. VVooller.
Yeula, t. Hind, in Baglana, 5 m. E. Bahbel-
gong.
Yevre le Chateau, t. France, in Loiret, 6 m. S.
K. Pithiviers.
Yeyeapour, t. Hind, in Lahore, 16 m. S. Nagor-
cote.
Yjffiniac, t. France, in North Coasts, 6 m. S. E.
f3t. Brieuc.
Ygeuy t. Spain, in Old Castile, 12 m. S. Cala-
horra.
Ygualada, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 28 m. N. W.
Barcelona.
Yieti, t. Paraguay, 120 m. S. E. Assumption.
Ylirieska, t. Sweden, 38 m. S. Ulea.
Ylo, or Ilo, seaport, Peru. Lat. 17" 38' S.
Ylum Oe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon.
10° 7' E. Lat. 55° 8' N.
Yniesla, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m. S. E.
Alarcon.
Yohogany. See Youghiogeny.
Yoingt, or Joingt, t. France, in Rhone-and-
Loire, 7 m. E. Roanue, 2 VV. S. W. Ville-franchc.
Yolotou, or Yulduz, or Cyalis, t. Little Buklia-
ria, 85 m. N. N. W. Kami.
Yom-nim-kien-Hotun. t. Chinese Tartary, on
the coast of the gulf of Leao-tong, 263 m. E. Pe-
king. Lon. 121° 34' E. Lat. 40° N.
Yon, r. France, in Vendee, which passes by La
Roche sur Yon.
Yong-ning, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan, on the borders of Thibet, 1,095 m. S.
W. Peking. Lon. 100" 24' E. Lat. 27" 50' N.
Yong-ngao, isl. near the coast of China, in
Quang-tong, 20 m. B. S. E. Macao.
Yong-pe, city, China, in Yun-nan, 1,150 m. S.
W. Peking. Lon. 100° 34' E. Lat. 26" 42' N.
Yong-ping, city, China, in Pe-tche-li, on a riv-
er which runs into the gulf of Leao-tong, 115 m.
E. Peking, Lon. 118° 34' E. Lat. 39° 55' N.
Yong-khang, or Yung-tchang, city, China, in
Yun-nan, 270 m. S. W. Peking. Lon. 99° E. Lat.
25" 6' N.
Yong-tcheoit, city, China, in Hou-quang, 882
m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. Ill" 15' E. Lat. 26'
10' N.
Yonkers, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 21 m. from
New York. Pop. 1,365.
Yonne, r. France, which joins the Seine, at
Montereau.
Yonne, a department of France, bounded N.E.
by Aube, S. E. by Cote d'Or, S. by Nyevre, W.
by Loiret, and N. W. by Seine-and-Marne. Pop.
325,994. Auxerre is the capital.
Yookilogee, v. in the Cherokee country, 60 m.
S. E. Brainerd. A school was established here by
the American Board of Foreign Missions, in 1819.
Yopa, t. Mexico, in Culiacan, 100 m. E. N. E.
Culiacan.
Yopas, Las, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa-
cific ocean, in lat. 17° 10' N.
York, city, England, and see of an archbishop,
on the Ouse, in the West Riding, near the centre
of the county to which it gives name. It has al-
ways been considered as the capital of the north
part of England, and the second in the kingdom in
rank. The walls of this ancient city are all en-
tire, being repaired every year, if there is occa-
sion. In the reign of Henry V. it had 44 parish
churches, besides 17 chapels, 16 hospitals, and 9
religious houses. The cathedral, alike venerable
for size, style, and ornaments, was two centuries
in building, from 1227 to 1426. The whole length,
from E. to W. is 524 feet, the breadth 109 feet of
the cross-aisle, and the height of the lantern stee-
ple 180. It sends two members to parliament.
197 m. N. London, 191 S. Edinburgh. Lon. 1" W.
Lat. 54° N. Pop. 16,145.
York, t. the capital of Upper Canada, formerly
called Torento, is situated on the N. W. coast of
lake Ontario, within an excellent harbor made by
a large peninsula, sufficiently large to contain a
considerable fleet. On the extremity of the pe-
ninsula, called Gibraltar Point, are block-houses
and stores. The town contains some fine build-
ings, among which are a court-house, council-
house, and a church for Episcopalians. 170 m. W.
S. W. Kingston. Lon. 79" 20' W. Lat. 43° 25' N.
Pop. about 3,000.
York, CO. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the
St. Lawrence, extending along Ottawa river.
York, CO. New Brunswick, on both sides of the
St. Johns.
York, r. Maine, in York co. affording for 7 or 8
miles, a good harbor for vessels of 200 tons.
York, CO. Maine, bounded N. by Oxford co. N.
E. by Cumberland co. S. E. by the Atlantic, and
W. by New Hampshire. Pop. 41,877.
York, port of entry, p-t. and cap. York co.
Maine, 9 m. N. N. E. Portsmouth, 42 S. W. Port-
land, 67 N. E. Boston. Pop. 3,046. The courts
of the county are held alternately here and at Al-
fred. The river on which it stands is navigable
for vessels of 250 tons.. The shipping amounted
in 1816, to 1,470 tons.
York, or Yorktown, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 45
m. N. New York. Pop. 1,924.
York, t. Genesee co. N. Y.
York, CO. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehan-
nah. Pop. 31,958.
York, borough, and cap. York co. Penn. on Co-
dorus creek, a branch of the Susquehannah, 22
m. W. S. W. Lancaster, 30 S. E. Carlisle, 50 E.
Chambersburg, 48 N. Baltimore, 84 W. Philadel-
phia. It is regularly laid out and contains a court-
house, jail, academy, almshouse, and 8 houses d"
YOU
public worship, for as many different denomina-
tions. Lon. 76° 40' W. I,at. 39" 58' N. Pop.
2,847.
York, r. Va. which is formed by the union of the
Mattapony and Pamunky, and runs into the Ches-
apeake, S. of Mobjack bay, opposite Cape St.
Charles. It has 4 fathoms water for 20 miles
above Yorktown.
York, CO. Va. on the western shore of the Ches-
apeake, bordered on the N. by York river. Pop.
5, 187, including 2,931 slaves. Chief town, York-
town.
York, district, S. C. on Catabaw river. Pop.
10,032, including 3,164 slaves. At the court-
house is a post-oHice.
York, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 14 m.
S. St. Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 715.
York, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 7 m. N. Dayton.
York Bay, a bay on the S. W. coast of the isl-
and of St. Vincent, 2 m. N. W. Kingstown bay.
York Fori, fort at the mouth of Nelson's river,
ia Hudson's bay. Lon. 92° 46' W. Lat. 57° 2' N.
York Minster, a lofty promontory on the coast of
Terra del Fuego. Lon. 70° 25' W. Lat. 55° 26' S.
York Point, a cape in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 73" 32' VV. Lat. 53" 39' N.
York Road, a road for ships in the straits of Ma-
gellan, near the coast of Patagonia. Lon. 73" 52'
W. Lat. 53° 39' S.
Yorkshire, county, England, and by far the lar-
gest in the kingdom, bounded N. by Durham, E.
and N. E. by the German sea, S. by Lincolnshire,
Nottiughamshire, and Derbyshire, S. W. by
Cheshire and Lancashire and N. VV. by West-
moreland. It is divided into three ridings. North,
East, and West. Pop. in 1 8 1 1 , 973, 1 1 7.
Yorktown, or York, p-t. port of entry, and cap.
York CO. Virginia, on the S. side of York river, 11
miles from its mouth, at the point where the river
is suddenly contracted to the width of a mile. The
banks of the river are very high, and vessels of
the largest burthen may ride close under them
with the greatest safety. The harbor is said to be
the best in Virginia. The amount of shipping
owned in this district in 1815, was 733 tons. This
town will ever be famous in the American annals
for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army,
ou the 19th of October 1791. 29 m. N. W. Nor-
folk, 72 E. S. E. Richmond, 187 S. S. E. Wash-
ington. Lat. 37° 22' N. Lou. 76° 52' W. Pop.
about 700,
Yo-tchcou, city, Clxina, in the province of Hou-
quang, on the Yang-lse river, and on the Tong-
tinglakc, 675 m. S. Peking. Lon, 112" 35' E. Lat.
29"23'N.
Youb, El, t. Algiers, 50 m. S. W. Tremecen.
YoughalJ, seaport, Ireland, in Cork co. on a bay
10 which it gives name, at the mouth of Blackwa-
ter river. There is a bar at the mouth of the port,
which make? it diflicult and sometimes dangerous,
31 m. S, W. Walcrford,25 E. Cork.
Youg/uogc7iij, r. Pa. which pierces the Laurel
mountains, and flowing N. W. joins the Monon-
gahela, 15 m. S. E. Pittsburg. From the falls at
the Laurel mountains, to Cumberland on the Po-
tomac, is 40 miles.
Yovis, t. Africa, in Whidah, 9 m. E. N. E. Sabi.
Young Point, capo on the E. coast of St. Vin-
cent. Lon. 6 1" 9' W. Lat. 13" 12' N.
Young^s Island, isl. near the S. coast of the isl-
and of St. Vincent, 2 m. S. E. Kingston bay.
Youngoule, seaport on the W. coast of Mada-
gascar, Lou. 47" 4' E. Lat. 23° 30' S,
Y U N
803
Youngstown, t, Niagara co. N. Y. 6 m. from
Lewiston.
Youngstown, p-v Westmoreland co. Pa.
Youngstown, p-t. Trumbull co.Ohio, 14 m. S.E.
Warren. Pop. 773.
Yowry, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N.
coast of New Guinea. Lon. 130° 45' E. Lat. 0°
15' S.
Yox glades, p-v. Alleghany co. Md.
Ypres, or Ipres, city, Netherlands, in Flanders,
on the Yperlee. In the year 1242, the population
amounted to 200,000, principally weavers and
tradesmen. The inhabitants carried on a great
trade in woollen cloth, but by the severity of the
duke of Alva, the principal manufacturers were
driven to England. At this time, they carry on a
considerable manufacture of linen, of excellent
fabric. Ypres has sustained several remarkable
sieges. 5i posts S. Ostend, 4 N. W. Lisle. Lon.
2" 53' E. Lat. 50" 48' N. Pop. 15,148.
Yrsee Abbey, a princely abbey, Germany, 3 m.
N. W. Kaufbeuren, 25 S. W. Augsburg.
Yrun. See Irun.
Ysendyck, or Isendyck, t, and fort, Flanders, on
the arm of the Scheldt, called the Blie, 8 m. E.
Sluys, 17 N. W. Ghent. Lon. 3" 28' E. Lat. 5r
21' N.
Ysni. See Isny.
Yssel. See Issel.
Yssengeaux, or Issengeattx, t. France, in Upper
Loire, 12 m. N. E. Le Puy. Lon. 4° 10' E. Lat.
45" 8' N. Pop. 6,482,
Ystad, or Ydstad, seaport, Sweden, 26 m. S. E.
Lund, Lon. 13" 44' E. Lat. 55" 22' N, Pop.
3,021,
Yu, r. China, which rises in Ilohan, and joins
the Hoai, 20 m, E. S. E. Sin-tsai.
Yu, r. China, which rises in Kiang-si, and runs
into the Kankiang, 7 m. N. N. E. Lin-kiang.
Yucatan. See Merida.
Yuen-kiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan, on the Ho-ti river, 1,250 m. S. W. Pe-
king. Lon. lOr 44' E. Lat. 23" 37' N.
Yverdun, or Ifferten, t. Switzerland, in Vaud,
on the lake of Neufchatel, at the mouth of the
river Orb, which divides into two branches, form-
ing a good port, and an island, on which the town
is situated. It has a large and strong castle, a
college, hospital, divers magazines, &c. 34 m.
S. W. Berne, 16 N. Lausanne. Lon. 6" 14' E. Lat.
46° 48' N. Pop. 2,500.
Yvetot, t. France, in Lower Seine, 18 m. N. W.
Rouen, 6 N. Caudebec. Pop. 9,800. Lat. 46"
47' N.
Yuma, or Yumba, or Long Island, one of the
Bahama islands, about 50 miles long. Lon. 74"
50* W. Lat. 23° 20' N.
Yumba Bay, bay on the E. coast of Hispaniola,
S. of Cape Spada,
Yumetos, a cluster of islands among the Bahama
islands, 20 m. S. VV. Yuma.
Yun-hing, city, China, in Ho-nan, 430 m. S.
Peking. Lon. 1 13° 52' E. Lat. 33" N.
Yun-7ian, province, China, bounded N. by Se-
tchuen and Thibet,, E. by Quang-si and Koei-
tcheou, S. by Laos, and W. by Ava and Pegu ;
about 300 miles long, and 250 broad. It is reck-
oned one of the most fertile in China,
Yun-nan, city, China, of the first rank, and
capital of Yun-nan, at the N. extremity of a lake,,
and formerly celebrated for its extent, and the
beauty of its public edifices ; but the Tartars, ia
their different invasions, destroyed all these menu-
Sim
Z A L
z A i>r:
ments. 1,152 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 102" 28'
E. Lat. 25''6'N.
^ r«n/ai, isl. near the coast of China, in the
Eastern sea, 30 miles in circumference. Lon.
119° 19' E. Lat. 34" 35' N.
Yupura, r. Peru, which branches off from the
Caqueta, about lat. 1" N. and after an easterly
course of about 300 miles, runs into the river of
tlie Amazons by many mouths, 100 m. W. f ort Rio
Negro. Lat. 4° S.
Yurna, isl. on the coast of Brazil, at the mouth
of the river Amazons, near the equinoctial line,
Lon. 50° 40' W.
Yuli, i. Paraguay, on a river of the same name,
which runs iutp the Paraguay, 115 m. S. E. As
sumption.
Z.
Zaab, or Zeb, district, Africa, in Sahara. Lat.
between 34° 30' and 35" N.
Zaandam. See Sardam.
Zaara. See Sahara.
Zabacha. See Azoph.
Zaber, r. Germany, which runs into the Neckar,
near Lauffen.
Zahulon. See Zebulon.
Zacatecas, intendancy, Mexico, bounded N. by
Durango, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Guanax-
ato, and W. by Guadalaxiira. Area, 18,039
square miles. Pop. 153,300.
Zacatula, or Sacalula, t. Mexico, on a river of
the same name, near the Pacific ocean, 95 m. S.
Mechoacan. Lon. 103° W. Lat. 18° 35' N.
Zacheo, or Desechio, small isl. in the West In-
dies, between Hispaniola and Porto Rico, 27 m.
N. E. Mona.
Zadaon, r. Portugal, which runs into the At-
lantic, near Setuval.
Zadonsk, t. Russia, in Voronez, on the Don,
92 m. N. Voronez. Lon. 39° 14' E. Lat. 53°
4'N.
Zafra, i A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the Black
sea, 50 m. N. W. Trebisond.
Zafra, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 22 m. E. Xeres
de los Caballeros. Pop. 6,000.
ZagarOy (an. Helicon,) mountain of Greece, in
Livadia.
Zagatai, country, Asia, on each side of the Gi-
hon, including Samarcand and Bukharia.
Zagawa, city, Africa, in Boruou, on a river.
Lon. 25" 50* E. Lat. 19° 10' N.
Zagora, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on a lake
which communicates with the Black sea, 12 m. S.
W. Burgas.
Zahara, t. Spain, in Seville, 36 m. S. E. Se-
ville, 40 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5° 33' W. Lat. 36°
50' N.
Zahara. See Sahara.
Zainah, t. Algiers, 40 m. S. W. Conslantina.
Zaine, or Wadel Berber, r. Africa, which
runs into the Mediterranean, in lon. 9° 16' E. lat.
36°54'N.
Zaire, or Saire, or Congo, r. Africa, which
rises in the country of Matamba, about lat. 10°
S. and takes a northerly course to lat 3° in the
kingdom of Congo ; after which it takes a S. W.
direction, and runs into the Atlantic, in lon. 12"
20' E. lat. 6° S. An expedition under Capt Tuck-
ey was sent from England in 1816, to explore this
tiver, and ascended in a sloop 120 miles, and on
foot 150 miles further, but meeting with insupera-
ble difficulties, was then obliged to return.
Zal Aleksandrovskoi, bay of the Caspian sea,
260 m. S. S. E. Astrachan. Lon. 51° 14' E. Lat.
43° N.
Zambose, or Cumana, r. Africa, which runs into
the Indian sea. Lon. 37° E. Lat. 19° S.
Zamfara, or Zanfara, t. Africa, and cap. of a
kingdom of the same name, 170 m. E. N. E. Wan-
gara. Lon. 16° 15' E. Lat. 18° 20' N.
Zamora, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Duero, the
see of a bishop. It is a frontier town against Por-
tugal. 120 m. N. W. Madrid, 50 S. S. W. Leon.
Lon. 6° W. Lat. 41° 50' N. Pop. 8,500.
Zamora, t. Mexico, 80 m. N. W. Mechoacan.
Lon. 103° 40' W. Lat. 20° 54' N.
Zamora, t. S. America, 200 m. S. Quito. Lon.
78° 46' W. Lat. 4° S.
Zamoscie, or Samosizic, t. and fortress, Austrian
Poland, in Galicia, with a stately cathedr?,!, sev-
eral other churches, and a dccaved university.
60 m. N. W. Lemberg, 40 S. S. W. Chelm. Lon.
23° 13' E. Lat. 50° 31'N. Pop. 3,500.
ZampaJn, or Chempoalla, or Zempoala, city,
Mexico, 90 m. E. Puebla da los Angelos. Lon
97° 50' W. Lat. 20" 10' N.
Zane, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 315.
Zanestorrn, t. Logan co. Ohio.
Zanesvilh, p-t. and cap. Muskingum co. Ohio,
on the E. side of Muskingum river, at the falls, op-
posite Putnam, 80 m. W. Wheeling, in Virginia,
61 N. W. Marietta, 70 N. E. Chillicothe, 58 E.
Columbus. It is a very flourishing town, and well
situated for trade and manufactures, the naviga-
tion of the Muskingum being uninterrupted from
its mouth, the falls affording numerous fine mill-
seats, and the surrounding country abounding
with inexhaustible beds of coal for such establish-
ments as require the use of fuel. Here are al-
ready erected 2 glass-houses, several flour-mills,
an oil-mill, saw-mills, a nail factory, and woollen
factory. 'The town contains besides 2 banks, 2
printing-offices, a court-house, and several public
offices. There are 2 bridges over the river at this
place. A company was incorporated in 1814, for
the construction of a canal and locks around the
falls, and the work is now rapidly progressing.
The expense is estimated at from 70,000 to 100,000
dollars, and the company intend to unite with the
canal extensive water works, for manufacturing
purposes. Lon. 82° 3' W. Lat. 39° 58' N. Pop.
about 1,500.
Zanfara. See Zamfara.
Zangesair, or Sangueseer, s-p Hind, in Con-
can, 15 m. S. Severndroog. Lon. 72" 54' E. Lat.
17°38'N.
Zanguebar, a name given to ^ large territory
on the pastern coast of Africa,' embracing the
Z A V
Z E I
805
countries of Melinda, Ivlongala, Mozambique, &c.
The name is said to import " the coast of the
Negroes," all the inhabitants being blacks, with
curled woolly hair. It extends from lat. 2° N. to
21° S.
Zanhaga, or Zunzaga, or Zenhaga, province of
Africa, in Sahara, bordering on the Atlantic.
Zante, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast
of the Morea, about 12 miles long and 6 broad,
chiefly inhabited by Greeks. The Greeks have
40 churches, besides convents, and a bishop ; the
Roman Catholics have three convents and a bish-
op. By the treaty of Campo Formio, Zante was
given to France ; but in 1799, it was taken by the
united fleets of Russia and Turkey, and soon af-
terwards connected with other neighbouring isl-
ands to form the republic of the Seven Islands.
See Ionian islands. The island produces excel-
lent wine, and currants, olives, figs, melons, peach-
es, and other choice fruits. It is much subject to
earthquakes. The London Society have a mis-
sionary on this island. Lon. 21° 4' E. Lat. 37° 40°
N. Pop. 40,000.
Zante, t. and capital of the island of Zante, sit-
uated on the N. E. side, with a harbour safe and
commodious for vessels of any size. On a moun-
tain above the town is a citadel which commands
the harbour. Zante is the see of a Greek and
Latin bishop. Lon. 21° 8' E. Lat. 37° 50' N.
Pop. 12,000.
Zanzibar, ovZangibar, isl. Africa, in the Indian
sea, near the coast of Zanguebar. Lon. 41° 13'
E. Lat. 6° S.
Zara, city and s-p. Dalmatia, the see of an arch-
bishop, surrounded on all sides by the sea, saving
that it has a communication with the continent,
by means of a draw-bridge, commanded by a fort.
It is deemed almost impregnable. The harbour,
which lies to the north, is capacious, safe, and
well guarded. 28 m. N. W. Scardona. Lon. 15°
38' E. Lat. 44" 22' N. Pop. 6,000.
Zara Vecchia, Old Zara, or Biograd, or Jllbi
Marilima, t. Dalmatia, now little better than a
village, 18 m. S. E. Zara.
Zaraisk, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oser, 24
m. S. W. Riazan. Lou. 38 ' 24' E. Lat. 54° 30' N.
Zared, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the tribe of
Manasseh.
Zareng, or Segestan, t. Persia, and cap. of Se-
^estan, celebrated for its beautiful pottery. 222
m. W. Candahar, 162 E. Ispahan. Lon. 61° 32'
E. Lat. 32° 3' N.
Zarepthah, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, between
Tyre and Sidon.
Zarethan, in Sac. Geog. See Zared.
Zarp, T. Asia, which runs into the Tigris, 40 m.
below Mosul.
Zarpana, or Rota, or St. Ann, one of the La-
Jrone islands, about 40 miles in circumference, 21
m. from Guam.
Zashiversk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 1,320 m. N. N.
E. Irkutsk, 1,732 E. N. E. Kolivan. Lon. 138° 14'
E. Lat. 67^ 25' N.
Zaimar, t. Hungary, 66 m, N. N. W. Colosvar,
170 E. Presburg. Lon. 22° 24' E. Lat. 47° 47' N.
Pop. 8,209.
Zalor, t. Austrian Poland, 22 m. W. S. W. Cra-
:ow.
Zavidei, isl. Russia, at the entrance of the gulf
s>f Tchaunskaia. in the Frozen sea, 60 miles in
circumference. ' Lon. 16G" 14' E. Lat. 71° 50' to
72° 20' N,
Zaurgatch, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
80 m. E. S. E. Tobolsk.
Zaweh, district, Per-sia, bounded N. by Ka-
rasm, E. by Chorasan, S . by Mazanderan, and W.
by the Caspian sea.
Zaweh, t. Persia, and ciapitalof a district, on the
river Tedjen, 24 m. fro tn the Caspian sea, 81 m.
N. Meschid, 45 N. N. E. Asterabat.
Zawichost, t. Poland, 8 m. N. Sandomirz.
Zaivich, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu-
phrates, 24 m. E. Anah.
Zayre. See Zaire.
Zborrow, t. Austrian Poland, 63 m. E. Lem-
burg, 26 N. W. Braclaw.
Zealand, or Zetland, or Seeland, (in Danish
Sueland,) the largest island belonging to the king-
dom of Denmark, bounded N. by the Scaggerac,
E. by the Sound, S. by the Bui tic, and W. by the
Great Belt ; about 65 miles long from N. to S.
and where widest, 60 from E. to W. The soil is
generally fertile, and produces corn more than
suflicient for the inhabitants, with excellent pas-
tures. Lon. 10° 58' to 12° 40' E. Lat. 55° 2' to 56"
6'N.
Zealand, one of the States of the kingdom of the
Netherlands, consisting of islands formed by
branches and outlets of the Scheldt. On the N. it
is bounded by Holland, E. by Brabant, S.by Flan-
ders, and W. by the North sea. The islands of
Walcheren and Schouwen are defended against
the violence of the sea, by downs or sand-hills on
one side, and on the other like the rest of the isl-
ands of Zealand, by vast dykes. The soil is very
fruitful, and famed for its excellent wheat and
madder. Pop. 112,000.
Zealand, JVew. See JVew Zealand
Zeb, or Zib, t. Syria, near the sea coast, (an.
Achsaph, Achzib, and Ecdippa,) 9 m. from Acre.
Zebid, city, .-Vrabia, in Yemen, once the most
commercial city in all Tehama ; but since the har-
bour of Ghalefka was choked up, its trade has
been transferred to Beit el Fakih and Mocha, and
it now retains nothing but the shadow of its former
splendour. 52 m. N. Mocha. Lon. 43° 15' E.
Lat. 14° 12' N.
Zeboim, in Sac. Geog. a valley in the tribe of
Benjamin.
Zechini, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago,
2 m. S. E. Stanchio. Lon. 26° 51' E. Lat. 36°
48' N.
Zedic, t. Africa, cap. of a district of Tripoli, on
a bay of the Meditermnean, called the Bay of Ze-
dic, 150 m. E. S. E. Tripoli, 120 S. E. Mesurada.
Zegedin, or Szeged, t. Hungary, near the con-
flux of the rivers Maros and Theisse. It is strong,
and a place of some trade, 68 m. N. Belgrade, 60
N. W. Temesvar. Lon. 19" 56' E. Lat. 46° 15' N.
Pop. 25,347.
Zegma, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu-
phrates, opposite Romkala.
Zegzeg, city, Africa, and cap. of a country of
tlie same name, 370 m. N. N. E. Cashna. Lon.
16° E. Lat. 20° 45' N.
Zehdenick, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
on the Havel, 28 m. S. S. W. Prenzlow, 28 N;
Borlin. Lon. 13° 22' E. Lat. 52° 58' N. Pop.
2,500.
Zeila, or Zella, or Sejla, s-p. Africa, in Adel, on
the coast of the Arabian sea, at the mouth* of the
Hanazo, which forms a bay called thte Gulf oj
Zeila. Lon. 44° 20' E. Lat. 10° 45' N.
Zeithayn, t. Saxony, in Meissen, 8 m. W. N.
W. Grossenhayn. ."
806
Z E R
Zeiton, t. Eu, Turkey, in Thesaly, on a gulf to
•which it gives name. 48 m. S. S. E. Larissa, 62
N. Corinth. Lon. 22" 58' E. Lat. 39" 6' N. Pop.
4,000.
Zeilon^ gulf or bay of the Egaean sea, on the E.
coast of Thessaly, N. W. of the island of Negro-
ponte.
Zeitoun, t. Asiatic Turkey, in the government
of Sivas, on the Kizilemark, 33 m. W. Samsoun.
Zeite, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 15 m. E. S.
E. Naumburg, 64 W. Dresden. Lon. 12° 2' E.
Lat. 51° 3' N. Pop. 5,800.
Zekelfieib, t. Hungary, 8 m. N. N. W. St. Job.
Zelandy, small isl. near the W. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 98° 14' E. Lat. 0" 53' N.
Zelanica, cape on the N. coast of Nova Zembla.
Lon. 77° 24' E. Lat. 78° N.
Zeleh, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, (an. Zela,) 21 m.
W. S. W. Tocat, 55 "W. N. W. Sivas.
Zelenin, small isl. in the Frozen ocean, near the
S. W. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 56° 24' E.
Lat. 70° 50' N.
Zelczenskaia, fort, Russia, in Kolivan, on the E.
side of the Irtisch. Lon. 75° 40' E. Lat. 53° 25' N.
Zell am Hammersbach, t. Baden, in the vale of
Hammersbach, 9 m. W. Freudenstadt, 26 N. W.
Rothweil. Lon. 8° 7' E. Lat. 48° 23' N. Pop.
1,112.
Zelle, city,Hanover,in the principality of Lunc-
burg, fortified and Avell built, on the AUer, which
is here navigable. Here are manufacturers and
artificers in various branches, particularly in gold
and silver. 40 m. S. Luneburg, 128 W. Berlin.
Lou. 10° 14' E. Lat. 53° 52' N. Pop 8,800.
Zellerfdd, t. Hanover, in the Harz Forest; sil-
ver to the value of 20,000 imperial crowns is an-
nually coined in this town. 6 m. S. S. W. Goslar.
Zeller See, lake, Germany, 28 m. S. S. W. Salz-
burg.
Zemaraim, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the
tribe of Benjamin.
Zembla. See JVora Zembla.
Zemlin, or Semliii, t. and fortress, Sclavonia, at
the union of the Save and the Danube, opposite
Belgrade. Pop. 7,089.
Zemorget, or Zermogete, small isl. in the Red
sea, 30 m. from the coast of Egypt. Lon. 53° 5'
E. Lat. 23° 25' N.
Zenderoud, r. Persia, which passes by Ispahan,
and loses itself in a lake, 15 m. S. W. Lauristan.
Zengan, or Zenigan, t. Persia, in Irak. It has
been frequently sacked and destroyed by the Tar-
tars and the Turks. 21 m. N. W. Sultania, 120
S. S. E. Tauris.
Zenguia, t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 55 m. N.
N. E. Aleppo, 90 E. Alexandretta.
Zenia. See Xenia.
Zenta, t. Hungary, on the river Theys, memo-
rable for a signal victory obtained in the year
1697, by Prince Eugene over the Turks. 52 m.
N. Belgrade, 52 W. Temesvar.
Zepkira, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago,
near the N. coast of Antiparos.
Zerbst, t. Germany, in the duchy of Anhalt-
Dessau, and the largest and handsomest town in
the whole principality of Anhalt. In the town are
2 Lutheran churches, with an university. 8 m.
N. N. W. Dessau, 44 S. W. Potsdam. Lon. 12°
10' E. Lat. 52" 3' N. Pop. 8,000.
Zerea, t. Persia, in Farsistan, 18 m. N. N. E.
Schiras.
Zermagna, r. Dalmatia, which runs into the
Adriatic, opposite Fago.
Z IN
Zero, r. Italy, which runs into the sea, 7 m. N.
Venice.
Zevaco, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Veragua. Lon. 81° 46' W. Lat. 8° N.
Zeulenroda, t. Germany, in the principality of
Reuss-Greitz, 10 m. W. Greitz. 17 N. N. W. Lo-
benstein. Lon. 11° 51' E. Lat. 60° 36' N. Pop.
3,600.
Zeyland, small isl. near the coast of Lapland,
Lat. 70" 10' N.
Zezare, r. Portugal, which runs into the Tagus,
at Tancos.
Zezarine, or Kierazin, small isl. in the Persian
gulf. Lat. 28° 8' N.
Zha, r. Africa, which forms the east boundary
of Fez, and runs into the Mullooiah.
ZiUy isl. in the Grecian archipelago, (an. Ceos
and Hyrfrassa,) about 16 leagues in circumference.
The inhabitants are Greeks, who have a bishop.
The soil is fertile. Of four cities in this island, the
only one at present remaining is Zeia, containing
about 3,000 inhabitants, with a harbour capable
of receiving vessels of considerable burden. 10
m. E. Cape Colonni. Lon. 24° 24' E. Lat. 37"
30' N.
Ziber,\. Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Dan-
ube, 24 m. S. S. E. Viddin.
Zibreira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 30 m. & Alfay-
ates, 12 N. N. W. Alcantara in Spain.
Zibrits, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs in the Dan-
ube, near Ziber, in Bulgaria.
Ziegenhals, t. Silesia, famous for its manufac-
tures of beautiful glasses. 10 m. S. Neisse, 20 N.
W. Jagerndorf. Lon. 17° 17' E. Lat. 50" 12^ N.
Pop. 2,000.
Ziege7ihayn, t. Germany, and chief place of
a province of the same name, in Hesse Cassel,
16 m. S. Fritzlar, 26 S. Cassel. Lon. 9° 15' E.
Lat. 50° 50' N. Pop. 1,570.
Ziegenruck, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Saal, 10 m. S. Neustadt, 11 E. Saalfeld. Lon. 11°
42' E. Lat. 50° 32' N. Pop. 740.
Zielenzig, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
18 m. S. E. Custrin, 22 N. E. Francfort on the
Oder. Lon. 15" 16' E. Lat. 52" 30' N. Pop. 3, 100.
Zierenberg, t. Hesse-Cassel, 11 m. N. W. Cas-
sel, 10 N. N'. W. Naumburg. Lon. 9° 20' E. Lat.
51°22'N. Pop. 1,180.
Zigansk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena,
1,472 m. E. Tobolsk, 1,3-^10 N. E. Kolivan. Lon.
120° 32' E. Lat. 67° N.
Ziget, t. Hungary, between the streams of a
small river, which unite below the town, and soon
after run into the Drave. It is on every side sur-
rounded by a morass, and defended by moats,
walls, and bastions. 44 m. S. E. Canischa, 130
S. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 17° 56' E. Lat. 46" 8' N.
Zimbttoa, or Zimbao, t. Africa, in Sofala, and
capital of Mocaranga. Lon. 33" 40' E. Lat. 16"
40' S.
Zimiti, t. New Granada, near a lake, 60 m. S
Santa Fe de Bogota, 190 S. S. £. Carthagena.
Lon. 74" 6' VV. Lat. 7" 42' N.
Zinari, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lou.
26" 10' E. Lat. 36" 59' N.
Zingsl, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of
Pomerania. Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat. 54" 28' N;
Zinten, t. Prussia, in Natangen, 30 m. S. S. W.
Konigsberg. Lon. 20" 20* E. Lat 54" 23' N.
Zinu, or Sinu, t. New Granada, 90 m. S. Car-
thasena. Lon. 75° 48' W. Lat. 8" 58' N.
Zinzig, or Sinsig, t. France, in Roer, 18 m. N.
N. W. Coblentz. Lon. 7" 1 2' E. Lat. 50' 33' N.
Z O N
2 U N
807
Ziph, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, iu the tribe of
Judah.
Ziricze, t. Netherlands, in Zealand, and capital
of Schouwen. Lon. 3'' 48' E. Lat. 51" 40' N.
Zirua, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Tunis. Lon. 11" 39' E. Lat. ^3" 39' N.
Zis, r. North Africa, which loses itself in the
sands, in Tafilet.
Zistersdorf, t. Austria, with a citadel, 20 m. N.
-E. Vienna, 28 N. W. Presburg. Lon. 16" 43' E.
Lat. 48" 28' N.
Zilara, t. New Granada, 120 m. S. W. Santa
Fe de Antioquia, 210 N. Popayan. Lon. 76° 30' W.
Lat. 6" N.
Zittau, r. Germany, which runs into the Saal,
4 m. S. S. E. Bernburg.
Zittau, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the
river Neiase, and fortified in the ancient manner.
It contains 2 churches within the walls, and 3
without, with 3 hospitals and an orphan-house. 17
m. S. Gorlitz, 52 N. N. E. Prague. Lon. 14" 56'
E. Lat. 50° 49' N. Pop. 9,000.
Znm/m, t. Moraviti, in the circle of the same
name, near the Teya. It contains a citadel, and
a college. 58 m. S. W. Olmutz, 38 N. W. Vien-
na. Lon. 15°51'E.Lat.48"48'N. Pop. 5,190.
Zoan, in Sac. Geog. t. Lower Egypt, on the E.
side of the Nile.
Zoar, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, at the S. ex-
tremity of the Dead sea.
Zoar, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, on the S. coast of
the Dead sea, at the mouth ol the Safia, 30 m. N.
Karac.
Zoar, V. Delaware co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. Dela-
ware.
Zoarn, t. Africa, in Barca, 140 m. S. W. Tolo-
meta. Lon. 1 1" 56' E. Lat. 32" 35' N.
Zobah, in Sac. Gcog. t. Mesopotamia, which
gave name to a province. It is now called jYisibin.
Zoblitz, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzgebirg.
The inhabitants subsist principally by working
the serpent-stone, which is found here, into pitch-
«rs, bowls, tea and coffee-dishes, mortars, cups,
&c. 17 m. S. Freyberg, 30 S. VV. Dresden. Lon.
13" \V E. Lat. 50" 36' N. Pop. 925.
Zoblen, t. Silesia, 9 m. E. N. E. Schweiduitz, 16
S. S. W. Breslau. Lon. 16" 41' E. Lat. 50" 48' N.
Pop. 1,000.
Znfnla. See Sofala.
Znffingcn, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the Wig-
ger, 26 m. N. N. E. Berne, 24 N. N. W. Lucerne.
Zollern, castle, Germany, on a mountain, in the
principality of HohenzoUern, to which it gives
name, 10 m. S. Tubingen.
Zolnok, t. Hungary, on the Theyssc, 48 m. W.
S. W. Debriczin.
Zologci\ t. Russia, in Cliarcov, 24 m. N. N. W.
Charkov. Lon. 35" 44' E. Lat. 50° 20' N.
Zolotitza, t. Russia, in Archangel, on the E.
coast of the White Sea, 60 m. N. Archangel.
Zombar, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. Colocsa, 30 N. E.
Eszek. Lon. 19" 12' E. Lat. 45" 56' N. Pop. 14,956.
Zonchio, cape, Eu. Turkey, on the coast of the
Morea, 12 m. N. N. W. Navarin. Lon. 21" 30' E.
Lat. 37° 12' N.
Zonchio, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 8 m,
N. Navarin.
Zondags, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
Sea. Lon. 29° E. Lat. 31" 20' N.
Zons, t. Germany, on the Rhine, with a castle,
13 m. N. N. W. Cologn, 56 N. E, Liege. Lon. 6°
43' E. Lat. 51° 4' N.
Zorah, in Sao. Geog. t. Palestine, in the plains
of Judah, but assigned to the tribe of Dan.
Zorah, t. Africa, on the coast' of Barca. Lon.
18" 30' E. Lat. 30" 45' N.
Zorbig, or Little Zerbst, t. Prussian States, in
Saxony, with a citac^el, 15 m. S. Dessau, 22 N. N.
W. Leipsic. Lon. 12° 18' E. Lat. 51" 40' N. Pop.
1,940.
Zorn, r. France, which rises in Lower Rhine,
and communicates with the Rhine, 8 m. N. Stras-
burg.
Zorndorf, t. Brandenburg, near Custrin, where
the King of Prussia defeated the Russians in the
year 1758.
Zour el Hamman, or Island of Pidgeons, small
isL in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Al-
giers. Lon. 12" 38' E. Lat. 36" 26' N.
Zoivainore, or Zimbra, isl. in the Mediterranean,
near the N. E. coast of Tunis, 18 m. N. N. W.
Cape Bon. Lon. 1 1° 8' E. Lat. 36" 50' N.
Zow-uan, or Zagwan, t. Africa, in the kingdom
of Tunis, famous lor the dying of scarlet caps. 36
m. S. W. Tunis. Lon. 10" 6' E. Lat. 36" 14' N.
Zrin, t. near the river iJnna, 40 m. E. S. E.
Carlstadt, 12 S. Petrinia. |jon. 16° 55' E. Lat. 45°
16' N.
Zublsov, t. Russia, ia Tver, on the Volga, 68 m.
S. W. Tver. Lon. 34° 60' E. Lat. 55° 46' N.
Zuckmandel, t. Silesia, the see of a bishop, 17
m. N. N. W. Jagerndor(, 10 S. Neisse. Lon. 17"
16' E. Lat. 50° 8' N.
Zueela, or Zawila, t. Africa, in the kingdom of
Fczzan, 60 m. E. N. E. ]\[ourzouk. Lon. 16° 45'
E. Lat. 27" 35' N.
Zueva, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the union of the
Kotoi and the Angara, 60 m. N. N. W. Irkutsk.
Zug, a canton of Switzerland, bounded N. and
E. by Zuric, S. by Schweitz, and W. by Lucern ;
only about ten miles long, and as much broad.
The government is entirely democratical. The
people are reckoned the most restless of Switzer
land. Pop. 14,735.
Zug, t. Switzerland, and capital of a canton of
the same name, at the N . E. extremity of the lake
of Zug, 15 m. S. Zurich, 1? N. N. E. Lucerne.
Lon. 8" 16' E. Lat. 47" 6' N. Pop. 2,000.
Zug, lake, Switzerland, 8 miles long and 2 wide,
which takes its name from tlie town on its coast.
Zullichau, t. Prussian States in Brandenburg,
situated in a low plain, half \ German mile dis-
tance from the Oder, and about tlie same distance
from the Ober. VVithoul the walls is a seat be-
longing to the king of Prussia, fiVr-tified with walls
and moats. Zullichau contains! a good woollen
manufacture. In the year 17-jo, a battle was
fought near this town between tiie Prussians and
the Russians, in which tin former were defeated.
37 m. S. E. Francfort on the Odeir, 17 E. Crossen.
Lon. 15" 45' E. Lat. 52" 8' N. Pop. 5,500.
Zulpha, t. Persia, in Iralf, on thn S. side of the
Zenderoud, about a mile and a half from Ispahan.
Zulpha, or Julfa, t. Persian Armenia, on the
Aras, 60 m. N. Tauris, 110 S. E. I'jivan.
Zidpich, or Zulch, t. Prussian States, in the
province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, 1{1 m. S. W. Co-
logn, 43 E. Liege. Lon 6° 34' E. Lftt. 50° 43' N.
Zultz, or Biala, t. Silesisi, 20 m.iS. S. W. Op-
peln, 14 E. S. E. Neisse. Pop. 1,40Q.
Zximaia, or Cumaia, t. Spain, ix\ Guipuscoa,
near the coast of the bay of Biscay, 14 m. W. Si.
Sebastian. Lon. 1°51' W. Lat. 43° 17' N.
Zxmg-gar, t. Tunis, (an. Zitchara.) 4^m. S. W,
Tunis. \
80B
K W A
Zurara, t. Portugtil, in En tre Ducro e Miuho,
at the mouth of the Ave, opposite Villa de Conde.
Zuric, or Zurich, canton, Iriwitzerlaiid, bounded
N. by Germany anil the canton of Scaffhausen, E.
by Thurgau, S. by the cantons of Schweitz and
Zug, and W. by Argovr. This canton is not un-
aptly called an epitome of all Switzerland, as con-
taining in it hills, vallies, pla ins, corn lands, vine-
yards, lakes, and riivers. Pop. 182,123.
Zurich, city, Switzerland, and cap. of a canton
of the same name, iiituated o n a large lake, where
the river Limmat, is discha rged, which divides it
into two parts. The old pa rt is surrounded with
the same battlements and towers Avhich existed in
the 13th century. The in! labitants carry on seve-
ral manufactures ; the prii icipal are those of lin-
ens and cottons, maslins and silk handkerchiefs.
Pop. 10,353. 41 m. S. E. Bale. 36" S. W. Con-
stance. Lon. 8" 25; E. La t. 47° 18' N.
Zurich, lake, Switzerla nd, in a canton to which
it gives name, 22 m. long, and 2 wide.
Zurzach, t. Switz<jrlan( 1, on the Rhine, chiefly
celebrated for its fai;ps, 25 m. E. Bale, 9 N. Baden.
Zuiphen, city, Netherlands, in Guelderland, on
the river Berckel, which passes through the mid-
dle of it, and immediately joins the Issel. 7 ra. S.
Deventer, 40 E. Utrecht. Pop. 6,878. Lon. 6°
5' E. Lat. 52° 10' N.
Zu/phen Islands, small islands, in the Straits of
Sunda. Lon. 105° 4i!' E . Lat. 5° 50' S.
Zuyder-Zee, or Zuider-See, a great gulf or bay
of the German Oceai i, w hich extends from south
to north, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, be-
tween Friesland, Overi ssel, Guelderland, and
Holland.
Zwammerdam, or Zimienburgerdam, t. Nether-
lands, on tlie Rhine, 6 m. N. Gouda, 10 E. S. E.
Leyden.
Z Y P
Zwartkops Bay, or Algoa Bay, bay on the S-
coast of Africa, where ships may lie in five fath-
om water a mile from the general landing place,
500 m. E. from the Cape. Lon. of the landing-
place, 26° 53' E. Lat. 33° 56' S.
Zwenckau, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 5 m. S,
Leipsic, 18 E. S. E. Merseburg. Lon. 12° 18' E.
Lat. 51° 14' N. Pop. 1,400.
Zwetl, t. Austria, 26 m. W. N. W. Crems, 56
W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° 7 E. Lat. 48° 33' N.
Zwickau, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on the Mulda,
with a citadel, three churches, and a Latin school,
in which is a good library, 38 m. S. S. E. Leipsic,
40 S. E. Naumburg. Lon. 12° 25' E. Lat. 50° 39'
N. Pop. 5,600.
Zicingenberg, t. Hesse Darmstadt, on the Berg-
strasse, 10 m. S. Darmstadt, 20 N. Mauheim. Pop.
1,200.
Zioitta, or Zwittawa, t. Moravia, 30 m. N. W.
Olmutz, 84 E. Prague. Lon. 16° 16' E. Lat. 49**
43' N. Pop. 2,740.
Zwol, or Swol, t. Netherlands, in Overissel, on
the river Aa, between the Issel and the Vecht
It is strong, well fortified, and surrounded with a
double ditch, filled with the waters of the Aa. Its
situation is very advantageous, on an eminence
which commands the country, and is the ordinary
passage from Holland to the provinces of Friesland,
Groningen, and Overissel. 28 m. S. VV. Covor-
den, 15 N. Deventer. Lon. 6° 1' E. Lat. 52° 32" N-
Pop. 12,220.
Zn-ornick, t. Bosnia, 68 m. S. W. Belgrade, 60
E. Serajo. Lon. 18° 50' E. Lat. 44° 37' N. Pop.
14,000.
Zype, isl. of North Holland, formed by canal?
cut from the Zuyder-Zee to the German Ocean.,
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Albion, p-t. Edwards c o. Illinois, 40 m. S. W.
V^incennes, It contained in 1818, about 50 hous-
es, and a large maiket ho use. It is settled entire-
ly by the English.
Amedabad, city, Hind, on the river Mehindry,
which is navigab'ie to thn gulf of Cambay, 108 m.
N. Surat, 200 S. W, Agi mere. It was anciently
a magnificent cH.y, and « jelebrated for its vast com-
merce. Lon. 7' r 40' E. Lat. 23° N.
Aurungabad. See G 'hurka.
Bardstown. See Ba irdslovn.
Bhagirutty. See H'oogly.
Black Sea. See Eu vine Sea.
Burrampoot tr, or L'-ramapootra, r. Asia, which
rises in Thibe* i, near tl le source of the Ganges, and
runs east thro ugh Th ibet almost as far as China.
It joins the G ainges at out 40 miles from its mouth,
after a cours' j of l,50»O miles.
CaTzonnici if, isl. in Narragansett bay, 7 miles
long and 1 broad, lying west of the island of R.
Island.
Chociaws . Instea d of the three last lines of this
article, rea i, "and $1,000 a year is allowed to the
establishm. jnt at Brainerd, among the ChTok^p?.
and $1,00< )to that .Mt EU-'o* " '
Domingo, St. See Hispaniola.
Greitz. See Grailz.
Guadiamar, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua-
dalquivir, a few leagues below Seville.
Jackson, p-t. and cap. Feliciana parish, Louisi-
ana, on Thompson's creek, 12 m. W. of the Mis-
sissippi. Its public buildings are a large court-
house, jail, and academy. Pop. 200.
Narbudda. See JVerbudda.
• JVeiv Hebrides. See Hebrides, J^ew.
Patterson, New-Jersey. A letter just received
states, that this town now (1821) contains 11 cot-
ton mills, 3 flax mills, where the duck for the U.
S. navy is manufactured, a mill for rolling sheet
iron, a nail factory, a grist mill, and saw mill, all
on two canals within the space of half a mile.
The mill seats are only 4^ miles from tide water,
and each has 22 feethead and fall. At least 10
more mills might be erected with similar advan-
tages of water power. Patterson still forms a part
of the township of Aquackanock. It contains 1
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and
2 Dutch reformed churches. Pop. in 1820, more
thsn 1,700.
^m
APPENDIX,
INDIANS.
-Statistical Table of all the Indians within the limits of the United States, east of the
Rocky Mountains, the names of the several tribes, the number of souls in each tribe,
and the places of their residence.
1 . Indian Tribes East of the Mississippi River.
Names of the Tribes.
No. of
souls.
300
" « f St. John's Indians
■g } Passamaquoddies
150
!^ i Penobscots
277
1
Marshpee
320
Q
Herring Pond
40
^
c *
*Martha's Vineyard
340
<
O
J
Troy
50
?.'
|(
i
u
^
;;| < Narragansett
420
»
a
t\
Connectu
350
Total in New England
2,247
'*Montauk Indians
300
Brotherton
400
•^
tStockbridge
438
tOneidas
1,031
tTuscaroras
314
^
Onondagas
229
Senecas and a few )
Onondagas \
597
55-
O
Senecas, with a few >
Delawares \
389
Senecas, Cayugas, .& )
686
Onondagas \
<
Senecas and other In- )
456
dians \
Total in New York
4,840
'Wyandots
364
44
Do!
37
Do.
97
Shawanees
559
Do.
72
Do.
169
Senecas
348
o
Do.
203
s ■
Delawares
80
o
Mohawks
57
Ottawas
107
Do.
64
Do.
56
Do.
150
-
Total in Ohio
2,407
Places of Residence.
On St. John's river, Meductic Point, 60 miles above FredericktoWa.
Pleasant Point, town of Perry, 5 miles N. of Eastport.
Indian Old Town, Penobscot river, 12 miles above Banigor,
78 miles S. E.from Boston, county of Barnstable.
In the town of Sandwich, 14 miles from Marshpee.
On the S. coast of Massachusetts.
50 miles S. from Boston, in the town of Troy.
\t Charlestown, 40 miles S. W. of Providence.
At Montville, half way between New London and Norwich.
In the township of Stonington, S. E. corner of Connecticut.
At Montauk Point, E. end of Long Island, N. Y,
At Brotherton, near Oneida lake.
At New Stockbridge, 7 miles S, of Oneida castle.
At Oneida castle, near Oneida lake.
Adjoining New Stockbridge.
At Onondaga village, near Onondaga lake.
On the Alleghany river.
At Cataragus.
At Buffalo, 3 miles E. of lake Erie.
On five Reservations, on Genesee river, and one at Oil creek.
Uppper Sandusky, on Sandusky river, 44 miles S. of Sandusky bay.
Zanes, Mad river, on the head of Mad river. Champaign co. Ohio.
Fort Finley, waters of the Auglaize, on Hull's road.
Solomon's Town, on the waters of the Great Miami river of Ohio.
Wapaghkonetta, head of the Auglaize river, 27 miles N. of Piqua.
Hog creek, waters of the Auglaize, 10 miles N. of Wapaghkonetta.
Lewis Town, head of the Miami of Ohio, 35 miles N. E. of Piqua.
Seneca Town, Sandusky river, between upper & lower Sandusky.
Lewis Town, head of the Miami of Ohio, 35 miles N. E. of PiquEK
[Jpper Sandusky, Sandusky river.
Honey creek, near Upper Sandusky, Sandusky river.
i Blanchard's fork, waters of the Auglaize, 45 miles N. of W9-
( paghkonetta.
\ Little Auglaize, waters of the Miami of the Lake, 12 miles W,
I of Fort Defiance.
Rock de Boeuf, near the foot of the rapids of the Miami of lake Erie.
Not stationary, about Miami bay, and on the S. shore of lake Erie.
* The numbers in these tribes are conjectural, no particular account of them having bpen receive^.
t These tribes live within the limits of the original Oneida Reservation.
102
810
APPENDIX— INDIANS.
Names of the Tribes.
'Wyandots
Pottawattamies
Chippawas
♦Ottawas
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
*Do.
*Do.
*Do.
Chippewas or Soteux
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Chippcwai Qr Soteaux
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sioux
Petit Corbeau
Chippewas and Ottawas
McDomiuees or Foile- >
savoiaes S
Winnebagoes
Total in Michigan and i
N. W. Territories '
No. of
souls.
5,1
476
1,020
57
187
40
160
760
27
26
45
45
156
200
75
45
60
100
280
660
360
375
263
60
1,600
120
1,020
689
1,182
60
1,600
3,900
Places of Residence.
On Huron river, 30 miles from Detroit, Michigan Territory.
On Huron river and vicinity, Michigan Territory.
On Saganau bay, river, and vicinity, Michigan Territory, S.
shore of lake Huron.
Calamazar, or Kekalemago river, E. of Michigan lake, 140
miles N. E. from Chicago, 240 S. from Mackinaw, Mich. T.
Grand river, 30 miles from Calamazar, Mich. T.
j Mastige, on Maskegro river, 12 miles N. from Grand river.
I in Mich. T.
White river, 6 miles from Grand river, Mich. T.
( Dead Man's creek, 30 miles from Grand river, 170 from Mack-
l inaw, Mich. T.
Black river, N. E. of St. Joseph's river, S. E. Mich. lake.
L'Arbre Croche, 36 m. S. W, of Mackinaw, Mich. T.
Vlinistick river, S. of L'Arbre Croche.
Shabouagan, 21 miles S. from Mackinaw, Mich. T.
Labaide Roches, Mich. T.
Manisty, 80 miles S. from Mackinaw, Mich. T.
< From Mackinaw, N. W. to the Saut of St. Mary's. Hunters, not
I stationary, Mich. T.
< St. Mary's," 80 miles N. W. from Mackinaw. Hunters ; fish at
\ falls in summer. Mich. T.
5 Grand Isles, S. side of lake Superior, 210 miles from Macki-
l naw, N. W. T.
i Baigne, or Pancake point, S. side of lake Superior, 300 miles
I W. Mackinaw.
Mouth of Ontanagon river, near the famous copper mines.
W. of Sandy point.
{ Follevoine, 500 miles W. of IMackinaw, rove in hunting season,
I winter — summer at home — gather much wild rice. N.W. T.
( Flambeaux lake, 480 miles VV. of Mackinaw. Hunt in winter.
( make corn, gather rice, and fish in summer. N. W. T.
< Courtereille lake, 492 m. W. of Mackinaw, hunt in winter,
) gather rice, and fish on lalie, in summer and autumn. N.W. T.
S Fond du Lac, 581 W. of Mackinaw. They have no fixed resi-
\ dence, country poor, hunt in winter, fish in summer, N. W. T.
C Sandy lake, 649 miles W. of Mackinaw. Gather rice, make a
< little sugar, hunt in winter, stay at home two monthe in sum-
( mer. N. W. T.
On Rice lake, 25 miles S. Sandy lake.
' Leech lake, 799 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, at home in
summer, gather rice, and make much sugar. N. W. T.
Round lake, 845 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, make much
sugar, and gather rice, dwell near the N. boundary of the
United States. N. W. T.
Red Cedar lake, 1,030 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, use
horses, kill bufl["alo, make sugar, fish in summer, are near the
N. boundary of United States, and frequent Red river settle-
ment. N. W. T.
Red lake, do. do. N. W. T.
On St. Croix and Chippeway rivers, in two villages.
' At the mouth of St. Croix river. There are two villages of
these Indians, between Prairie du Chien and St. Peters.
Grand Morais, 15 mUes below the mouth of St. Peter's river.
In villages scattered from the S. side of lake Superior, along the
W. side of Green bay and Michigan lake to Chicago.
On the W. side Green bay, on Menomine river, but chiefly on
Fox river and Winnebago lake, a few are scattered at Prairie
du Chien, Upper and Lower Mississippi, and at.MiJlwackey,
on the W. shore of lake Michigan. Hunt in winter, make
sugar and gather rice in summer. N. W. T.
On Winnebago lake, Rock, Fox, and Ouisconsin rivers. N. W. T
♦ Those with this mark are a mixture of Chippewas Ottawas, and Winnebagoes,
APPENDIX— INDIANS.
811
Names of the Tribes.
No. of
souls
'Delawares, Munsees, 3
Moheakunnucks, & \
1,700
Nanticokes )
Pottawattamies
2,000
Chippewas
500
Menominees
270
<
*Feorias, Kaskaskias, )
and Cahokias. ^
36
5
j5
Kickapoos
400
Q
Miamies
839
z ■
Eel River Indians
213
<
VVeas
122
CO
Pottawattamies
1,442
1
J
Sacs
3,400
Foxes
1,800
loways
1,000
Kickapoos
1,800
Total in Illinois and )
Indiana \
15,522
"Nottoways
27
Pamunkies, Mattaponies
a few
Catawbas
450
rr
5>;
Palaches
^
Eamuses
B
Kaloosas
£
^
S
3 \ Mikasukeys
l,40o
id
^ 1 Fowl Towns
300
H
i< f Oka-tiokinans
580
O
1 \ Uchees
130
a
l2 f
9
Ehawho-ka-les
150
Cfl
Ocheeses
220
^
Tamatles
220
M ■
o
Attapulgas
220
y
S
Telmocresscs
100
K
Cheskitalowas
580
H
Wekivas
250
£?:
Emusses
20
o
Ufallahs
670
tn
Red grounds
100
^:
Eto-lmsse-wakkes
100
Tatto-whe-hallys
130
2j
Tallehassas
15
Owassissas
100
Z
Chehaws
670
fc!
Talle-whc-anas
210
s
Oakmulges
220
5h
Cherokocs
11,000
0
Creeks(inclu.Seminoles)
20,000
Choctaws
'25,000
Chickasaws,
Total Southern Indians }
3,625
60,102
.E.c
)f Misssisiippi river ^
Places of Residence.
On White river, Indiana, in 5 villages, in a compass of 36 miles.
J Scattered in 5 villages in the vicinity of Chicago, within 80
I miles, around the southern part of Michigan lake.
In several villaiges among the Potawattamies.
On Illinois river.
Once inhabited a large part of Illinois and Indiana.
On the head waters of an eastern branch of Illinois river, near
the centre of the state of Illinois. They have sold their lands
and are about to remove beyond the Mississippi.
On Mississinua and Eel rivers, branches of the Wabash, 4 villages.
On Eel river.
In the vicinity of the above.
On Rocky river, 4 miles E. of Mississippi, 400 miles above St.
Louis. In 2 divisions.
In 3 divisions, 1st. near Fort Armstrong, 4 miles from the Sacs ;
2d. 30 miles above, at Mine la Buke, on W. side of Missis-
sippi ; 3d. 3 miles below Prairie du Chien.
elow the Sacs, on loway and Lamoine rivers.
< Some on Osage river, with the Sacs, and the remainder intend
\ to remove to the Osage river.
( 111 Southampton co. N. E. corner of Virginia, on W. side oi
1 Nottoway river, 2 miles from Jerusalem.
( On Catawba river, on the boundary line between North and
I South Carolina.
f These ancien,t possessors of this country were dispossessed by
y the vagabond Seminoles, some time aifter the first settlement
j made in this country by the Spaniards. None of their de-
( scendants now remain in the country,
< 30 miles N. N. E. from Fort St. Mark, on a pond, 14 miles lonff,
( 2 or 3 wide — land fertile, and of beautiful aspect,
1 2 miles E. Fort Scott— land tolerable.
.Vear Fort Gaines.
Near the Mikasukeys.
On Appalachicola, 12 miles below Ocheese bluff.
At the bluff of their name.
7 miles above the Ocheeses.
( On Little river, a branch of Okalokina, 15 miles above the Mi-
( kasukey path, from Fort Gadsden — fine body of lands.
W. side of Chatahoochee, 15 miles above the fork — good land.
On the W. side of Chatalioochee, 2 miles above the line.
4 miles above the Cheskitalowas.
2 miles above the Wekivas.
12 miles above Fort Gaines.
2 miles above the line.
3 miles above Fort Gaines.
Scattered among other towns — dishonest.
On the road from Okalokina to Mikasukey.
On the eastern waters of St. Mark's river.
On Flint river, in the fork of Makulley creek.
E. side of Flint river, not far from the Chehaws.
E. of Flint river, near the Tallewheanas.
N. E. corner of Alabama, N. W. corner of Georgia, and S.E.
corner of Tennessee.
Western part of Georgia, and Eastern part of Alabama.
Eastern parts of Mississippi, and Western part of Alabama.
Mississippi and Tennessee.
* In the war kindled against these tribes by the Sauks and Foxes, in revenge for the death of their
chief, Pontiac, these 3 tribes were nearly exterminated. Few of them now remain. About 100 of the
Peorias are settled on Current river, W. of the Mississippi. Of the Kaskaskias, 36 only remain in Illinois.
m$
APPENDIX— INDfANy.
2. Indians West of the Mississippi, and South of the Missouri.
Names of the Tribes.
Arrapahays
Pawnees and Missouries
Pawnee Nation
Do. Republican
Pawnees Loups
Pawnees 4th Band
Kaninavisch
Staitan or Kite Indians
Wetapahato or Kiawa
Castahana
Cataka
Dotami
Cherokees
Shawanees
Delawares
Piankashaws
Peorias
Quapaws
Ottowas and Missouries
Mahas
Pancaes
Chians or Chayennes
Ricaries
Mandans
Minituries
Sioux
Roving Bands
Kanzas
Great Osage
Little Osage
Wate-pana-toes and )
Ryuwas I
Padoncas
Kanne-na-wish
Pasta-now-nas
Ayutans or Camarsches
Blue Mud and Long )
Hair'd Indians \
j Total between theMis- )
1 souri and Red rivers >
\_ W.ofthe Mississippi }
No. of
souls.
10,000
1,000
2,500
1,250
1,400
2,000
2,000
500
1,000
1,500
375
200
6,000
1,383
207
97
700
1,400
2,000
500
2,000
3,000
1,500
3,500
10,000
20,000
1,800
4,200
h
900
Places of Residence.
1,000
5,
1,500
OOOA
Their territory extends from the head waters of the Kansas,
a southern branch of the Missouri, S. to the Rio del Norte.
S. side of Platte river, 30 miles from its mouth.
45 miles from the mouth of Platte river, S. side.
United with the Pawnee nation.
On the Wolf fork of the Platte, 90 miles from the Pawnee Nation.
On Red river. All these tribes live in villages, raise corn,
and hunt the buffalo.
Beyond the Pawnees, have no abiding place, but rove through
the plains.
Wander and hunt on the sources of the Platte river, thence
to the Rocky mountains.
Next to the above.
( Supposed to be remnants of the Great Padouca Nations, now
< under that name extinct, who occupied the country between
( the upper parts of the river Platte, and the river Kanzas.
On the Arkansaw, on both sides, from Point Renou, (400 miles
up the river,) to the Big Mulberry, to the Ossage line, the
best tract of land on the Arkansaw.
Cape Girardeau, and Merimac river, and Fourchc a Couvtois.
On Current river.
On St. Francis river.
On Current river.
On the S. bank of the Arkansaw, 260 miles below the Chero-
kees, (about 140 miles from the mouth of the Arkansaw.)
They have 4 villages.
On the Missouri and Platte rivers.
On the Missouri, about the Council Bluffs.
Do. above the Mahas.
Wandering tribe on the head of Chiann river, S. of the Missouri.
On the S. bank of the Missouri, above the Chiann river.
> On the banks of Missouri, 1,500 miles from its mouth.
On Missouri, between Council Bluffs and Mandans.
On the waters of the Missouri, high up, including the Black-
feet, Assinaboins, Crow bands, and others, within the present
extensive bounds of Missouri Territory.
On Mississippi and Kansas rivers.
Head waters of Osage river, and waters of the Arkansaw.
Do. do.
On the Padoncas fork.
On the Padoncas.
wandering people on the heads of Yellow Stone river.
,000 S
3,000
105,021
Between the Padoncas fork and the Platte.
W. of the Missouri.
Supposed to reside somewhere on the heads of the Columbia.
APPENDIX— INDIANS.
8ia
3. Indians West of ike Mississippi, and Korth of the Missouri.
Names of the Tribes.
No. of
souls.
Sioux or Dacorta Indian!
1st. The Yonktons
2d. Tetons of the )
burnt woods \
3d. Tetons Okandanda*
4th. Tetons Minnake- >
nozzo 5
5th. Tetons Saone
6th. Yanktons of the )
Plains, or Big Devils 5
7th. Wahpatone
8th. Mindawar Carton
or proper Sioux, or
Dacorta Indians
Wahpatoota or Leaf )
Beds 5
Sistasoone
Kristineaux, called for
the sake of brevity,
Crees,
Assiniboins,
Algonquins,
Mandans,
Rapid Indians,
Blood Indians,
Sursees,
Coutouns,
Paunch Indians
Gros Ventres of the
Prairie.
1,000
1,500
600
1,000
1,500
2,500
1,000
11,000
750
1,000
15,000
2,500
2,000
41,350
Places of Residence.
On the Sioux, Des Moines , and Jaques rivers.
Do. as above.
This tribe rove on both sides of the Missouri, White and Teton
rivers.
This tribe inhabit both sides of the Missouri, below Chayenne
river.
Inhabiting both sides of the Missouri, above the Chayenne river.
This tribe inhabit both sides of the Missouri, below the War-
renconne river.
Rove on the heads of the Sioux, Jaques, and Red rivers,
A nation residing on the St. Peters, just above the mouth of
that river.
These possess the original seat of the Sioux, and are properly
so denominated. They rove on both sides of the Mississippi,
and about the falls of St. Anthony.
This nation inhabits both sides of the river St. Peters, below
Yellow Wood river.
This tribe reside at the head of the St. Peters' river.
f These tribes, says Mr. Harmon, (who resided among them six
years, from 1800 to 1806,) dwell in a plain or prairie coun-
try, between the Mississippi, Missouri, Red, and Se se satch-
wine rivers, extending W. to the Rocky mountains, spread-
ing from lat. 44° to 51° N. The climate is similar to that of
Lower Canada. Generally, throughout this tract of coun-
try, the soil is good ; it has very little timber. Some of the
prairies are lOiO miles in length, on which not even a shrub
is to be s^en.
N, E. of Missouri river, n^ar its head.
Do. Do.
sw
4. Indians West of the Rocky mountains.
The country west of the Rocky mountains has been very imperfectly explored, and our knowledo-e
its inhabitants is very limited, but the numbpr of Indians may be estimated in round numbers
140,000.
RECAPITULATION.
Indians in New England, - . . . . ^ 2,247
in New York, 4,840
in Ohio, 2,407
in Michigan and North-West Territories, - - 27,480
in Illinois and Indiana, - - - - _ 15,522
in the Southern States, East of the Mississippi, - 60,102
West of the Mississippi, and South of the Missouri, 105,021
West of the Mississippi and North of the Missouri, 41,350
Total East of the Rocky Mountains, in round numbers, 260,000
Total West of the Rocky Mountains, - - 140,000
Total in the United States, about 400,000
m
APPENDIX.— MONEY TABLE.
MONEY TABLE,
Containing the Moneys of the principal commercial countries in the world, with the
value of each in cents, and the fractional parts of cents in decimals.
Note. — An Asterisk is annexed to imaginary money, or money of account, not represented by a real coin.
trWITED STATES.
An Eagle is equal to 10 dols. 247 1-2 gr. fine gold
A half eagle - 5 dols. 123 6-8 do.
A quarter eagle - 2 1-2 dols. 61 7-8 do.
A dollar - 100 cents, 371 4-16 gr.pr.silv.
A half dollar - 50 cente, 185 10-16 do.
A quarter dollar 25 cents, 92 13-16 do.
A dime - 10 cents, 37 2-16 do.
A cent - - 11 dwt. copper
A mill* the tenth of a cent, and the thousandth of
a dollar.
GREAT BRITAIW.
Sterling value reduced to Cents and Decimals.
Sterling. Cents. Dec.
1 farthing - - . equal to 00 4627
2 farthings 00 9355
3 farthings - . - . . 01 3882
4 farthings, or a penny - - - 01 851
2 pence - - - - - - 03 702
3 pence 05 552
4 pence, a groat - - - . 07 404
5 pence 09 255
6 pence - - - - - - 11 106
7 pence 12 957
8 pence 14 808
9 pence 16 659
10 pence 18 51
11 pence 20 361
12 pence, or 1 shilling - - - 22 222
A crown, or 5 shillings - - - 111 16
* A pound, or 20 shillings - - - 444 444
A guinea, or 21 shillings - - - 466 666
Irish money is less in value by one thirteenth —
a shilling sterling being 13 pence Irish — a pound
Irish is 18s. 5d. 1-2 sterling — and an English guin-
ea, 22s. 9d. Irish.
HOLLAND.
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A penning* is - -
A grote* - 8 pennings
A stiver - 2 grotes
A guilder or florin 20 stivers
A rix-doUar - 50 stivers
A pound flemish* 6 guilders
GERMANY.
Hambursh.
equal to
00
00
38
97
233
33
A pfening is
A schilling lub - 12 pfenings
A mark - 16 schillings
A rix dollar - 3 marks
A pound flemish 120 schillings
Cents. Dec.
equal to 00 18
02 083
33 333
100
250
Leipsic, Berlin, fee.
Ce7its. Dec.
A heller is - - equal to 00 135
A pfening - 2 hellers 27
A grosche - 12 pfenings 3 24
Cents. Dec.
A rix dollar* - 24 groschen
77 76
A specie dollar 32 groschen
103 7
Vienna, Frankfort, Augsburg,
&c.
Cents. Dec.
Apfenmg is - - equa
to 00 215
A creutzer - 4 pfenings
GO 86
A batze - 4 creutzers
03 44
A florin . - 60 creutzers
51 85
A rix dollar* - 90 creutzers
77 76
PRCSSIA.
Dantzic.
Cents. Dec.
A grosche is - - equal
to 00 861
A norm or gulden 30 groschen
25 92
A rix dollar* - 3 florins
77 76
A Frederic D'or 5 rix dollars
388 8
DENMARK.
Copenhagen, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A skiUing is - - equal
to 1 04
A mark* - 16 skillings
16 66
A nx mark - 20 skillings
20 83
A nx dollar - 6 marks
100
SWEDEN.
Stockholm, Upsal, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A copper mark is - - equal to 2 88
A copper dollar 4 copper marks 11 52
A silver dollar - 3 copper dollars 34 56
A rix dollar - 48 skillings 103 7
A copeck
An altine
A griven
A paetalten
A polupolten
A polten
A rouble
3 copecks
10 copecks
15 copecks
25 copecks
50 copecks
100 copecks
CcTits. Dec.
equal to 01
3
10
15
25
50
100
FRANCE.
Old coi7is and denominations.
Cents. Dec.
A denier is - - equal to 00 07
A sol or sou - 12 deniers
A livre - 20 sols
An ecu of exchange 3 livres
An ecu or crown 6 livres
A pistole* - 10 livres
A louis d'or - 24 livres
J^evj coins and denominations.
A centim
A decim
A franc
80 francs
10 centims
10 decims
81 livres
025
18 517
55
110
185
17
444 44
00
187
1
874
18 741
APPENDIX.— MONEY TABLE.
815
PORTUGAL.
Lisbon, Oporto, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A ree is - - equal to 00 125
A vintin - 20 rees 2 5
Atestoon - 100 rees 13 5
An old crusade - 400 rees 50
A new crusade - 480 rees 60
A milree* - 1000 reee 125
A moidore - 48 testoons 600
Ajoanese - 64 testoons 800
SPAIN.
Madrid, Cadiz, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A nvaravedi is - - equal to 00 3
A real - 34 maravedis 10
A pistarine - 2 reals 20
A dollar - 10 reals 100
A dollar of plate 8 reals 80
A ducat of exchange* 375 maravedis 110 18
A pistole of exchange 4 dollars of plate 320
N. B. Vellon, the current money of Spain, is to
old plate as 17 to 32 ; that is,
32 reals or maravedis vellon ;
(17 reals or mara-
( vedis of old plate.
Genoa, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A denari is - - equal to 00 06
A soldo - 12 denari 00 8
A lira* - 20 soldi 15 92
Apezzaofex. - 5| lire 92 6
Turin, Szc.
Cents. Dec.
A denari is - - equal to 115
A soldo - 12 denari 1 388
A lira - 20 soldi 27 77
Leghorn, Florence, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A denari is - - equal to 00 064
A soldo - 12 denari 78
A lira* - 20 soldi 15 43
A piaster of ex. 6 lire 92 6
A ducat - 7i lire 115 7
A pistole - 22 lire 339 5
Rome.
Cents. Dec.
A quattrino is - - equaj to 00 28
A bajocco - 5 quattrini 1 4
A Julio - 8 bajocchi 11 11
A testoon - 24 bajocchi 33 33
A crown current 10 julios
A crown stamped* 12 julios
111 11
133 33
J^aples.
Cents. Dec.
A grain is - - equal to 00 7
A carlin - 10 grains 07 4
A ducat of ex. - 100 grains 74 07
Kenice.
Cents. Dec.
A piccoli is - - equal to 00 051
A soldo - 12 piccole 00 617
A lira - 20 soldi
A ducat current 124 soldi
A ducat effective 156 soldi
Qsnts. Dec.
12 35
76 85
96 28
ARABIA.
Mecca, Mocha, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A caveer is - - equal to 1 26
A comashee - 7 carrets 1 61
Alarin - 80 carrets 18 74
A piaster* - 60 comashees 100
A sequin - 100 comashees 166 66
A tomond* - 80 larins 1500
PERSIA.
Cents. Dec.
A coz
is
equal
to 00 74
A larin
_
25 coz
18 51
An abashee
.
40 coz
29 62
An or
_
5 abashees
148 13
A tomond*
"
50 abashees
1481 5
INDIA.
Bombay, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A pice
is
equal
to 00 62
A laree
-
16 pices
10
A quarter
-
20 pices
12 5
A rupee
-
4 quarters
50
A pagoda
-
14 quarters
175
A gold rupee
60 quarters
Calcutta, &c.
750
Cents. Dec,
A pice
is
equa]
to 00 29
An ana
-
12 pices
3 47
A rupee
.
16 anas
55
A pagoda
■
56 anas
194 3
CHINA.
Cents. Dec.
A candareen
is
equal to 00 148
A mace
-
10 candareens
14 8
A rupee
-
37i candareens
55
A talc
-
10 maces
148 12
AFRICA.
Cairo, Alexandria, &c.
Cents. Dec,
An asper is - - equal to 01 02«
A piastre - 80 aspers 88 88
A sultanin - 200 aspers 222 22
A pargo dollar - 210 aspers 233 33
An aspcr
A medin
A sequin
A pistole
Algiers., Tunis, Tripoli, &c.
Cents. Dec.
3 aspers
180 aspers
300 aspers
equal to 01 028
Oi3 088
196 3
373
Fee, Tangier!, &c.
Cents. Dec.
A blanquil is - - equal to 03 7
A quarto - 14 blanquils 51 t'
A sequin - 56 blanquils 200
A pirtole - 100 blanquils 373
m§
APPENDIX.— MEASURES.
MEASURES.
Table I. Scripture Long Measures.
A digit - -
A palm = 4 digits
A span = 3 palms
A cubit = 2 spans
A fathom = 4 cubits
Ezekiel's rod
Arabian pole - -
Scoenus or measuring line
Eng.feet.
0
- 0
0
1
- 7
10
- 14
145
inch. dec.
0.912
3.648
10.944
9.888
3.352
11.328
7.104
1.104
T ABL£ II. Grecian long measures reduced to Ens-
lish. ^
A digit
A doron= 4 digits
A lichas
An orthodoron
A spithame
A pous
A pygme
A pygon - -
A pecus
A pace or orgya
A stadium,
A mile
Eng, yds.
0
- 0
0
0
- 0
- 0
0
- 0
0
0
201
1612
feet.
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
inch. dec.
0.7554
3.0218
7.5546
8.3101
9.0656
0.0875
1.5984
3.1094
6.1312
0.525
7.78
2.24
The stadium was of different lengths in differ-
ent places.
Table III. Jewish Long or Itinerary measures.
Eng. miles, paces, feet. dec.
A cubit
A stadium
A Sab. day's journey
Eastern mile
Parasang
A day's journey
0
145
729
403
153
172
1.824
4.6
3.0
1.0
3.0
4.0
Table IV. Roman long measures reduced to Eng-
lish.
Digitus transversus
Uncia or inch
Palma minor -
Pes or foot
Palmipes
Cubitus
Gradus
Passus -
Stadium
Milliare
Eng. paces.
- 0
0
- - 0
- 0
- 0
0
- 0
- 0
120
- 967
feet.
0
0
0
0
1
i7ich. dec.
0.725
0.967
2.901
11.604
2.503
5.406
5.01
10.02
4.5
Table V. Proportions of the long Measures of
several nations to the English Foot, taken from
Messrs. Greaves, Auzout, Picard, and Eisens-
chmid.
The English standard foot being divided into
1000 equal parts, the other measures will have the
proportions to it which follow :
Feet. Inches.
English foot - . - looo 12
Paris fo©t . - . . io68 12.816
Venetian foot - - - - 1162 13.944
Rhinliand foot . - - 1033 12.396
Strasburg foot - - - 952 11,424
Norimberg foot ... 1000 12
X>antzicfoot - - . 944 11.328
Danish foot .... 1042 12.504
^wediihfoot ... 977^ 11.733
Derahor cubit of Cairo .
Persian arish - - _
Great Turkish pike
Lesser Turkish pike -
Braccio at Florence
Bracciofor woolen at Sienna -
Braccio for linen at Sienna -
Canna at Naples
Vera at Alraeria and Gibraltar
Palmo di Archtetti at Rome
f^anna di Archtetti
Palmo di bracchio di mercantia
Genoa palm . . -
Bolognian foot ...
Antwerp ell - - . .
Amsterdam ell - . -
Leyden ell - . . -
Paris draper's ell
Paris mercer's ell -
Feet.
Inch-
1824
21.888
3197
38.364
2200
26.4
2131
25.572
1913
22,956
1242
14.904
1974
23.688
6880
82.56
2760
33.12
7320
87.84
7320
87.84
695i
8.346
815
9.78
1250
15
2283
27.396
2268
27.216
2260
27.12
3929
47.148
3937
47.244
Table VI. Mtic Dry measures reduced to Eng-
lish.
Pecks. Gall. Pts. Sol inch.
• 0 0 0 0.276
- 0
0
Cochliarion
Cyathus
Oxybaphon
Cotylus
Xestes
Choenix -
Medimnus
Table VII.
2.763
4.144
16.579
33.158
15.705
3.501
./Ittic reduced to English wine meas-
ures.
A Cochliarion
A Cheme
A Myston
A Concha
A Cyathus
An Oxybathon
A Cotylus
An Xestes -
A Chous
Gall.
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
- 0
Pts.
A Metretes, or amphora 10
Sol. Inch.
0.0356
0.712
0.0892
0.1785
0.3565
0.5354
2.1415
4.2830
25.698
19.626
Table VIII.
Roman reduced to English wine
measure.
A ligula
A cyathus
An acetabulum
A quartarius -
A hemina -
A sextarius -
A congius
An urna
An amphora -
A culeus -
Galls.
0
- 0
0
. 0
0
0
0
3
. 7
143
Pis.
Y
T2"
±
8
i
h
1
7
4i
Sol. inch.
0.117
0.469
0.704
1.409
2.818
5.636
4.942
5,33
10.66
11.095
Table IX. Jewish Dry measures reduced to Eng-
lish.
Pecks. Galls. Pts. Sol. inch.
A gacbal - -
A cab
0
- 0
0
0
0.031
0.073
A gomor
A seah -
An epha
A letteeh
A chomer or coron
0
3
- 16
32
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1.211
4.036
12,107
26.500
18.969
APPENDIX.— MEASURES.
81t
Table X. Jetvishnducedto English wine measure.
Qalls. Pts. Sol. inch.
A caph - - - 0 i
0.177
Alog - - - - 0 1
0.211
Acab ^ - - - 0 3*
0.844
Ahin . - - - 1 2
2.533
Aseah .... 2 4
6.067
A bath or epha - - - 7 4
15.2
A coron or chomer - - 75 3
7.625
Table XI. Roman square measure.
feet Eng. roods.
poles
. feet.
As - - 28,800 2
18
250
Deunx - 26,400 2
10
183
Dextrans - 24,000 2
2
117
Dodrans - 21,600 I
34
51
Bes - - 19,200 1
25
257
Septunx - 16,800 1
17
191
Serais - - 14,400 1
9
125
Quincunx - 12,000 1
1
58
Triens - - 9,600 0
32
264
Quadrans - 7,200 0
24
19)»
Sextans - - 4,800 0
16
132
Uncia - - 2,400 0
8
66
Table XII. Roman dry measures
reduced to
English.
peck. gal. pints.
sol.in.
Aligula ... 0 0
i^n
0.01
A cyathus ... 0 0
tV
0.04
An acetabulum - 0 0
*
0.06
Ahemina - - 0 0
i
0.24
A sextarius - - 0 0
1
0.48
A semi d. ---01
0
3.84
Amodius - - 1 0
0
7.68
Table XIII. English Long Measure.
3 barley corns - 1 inch
12 inches - - 1 foot
3 feet ... 1 yard
5i yards - - - 1 pole, perch,
or rod
40 rods or perches - 1 furlon
?
8 furlongs - - 1 mile
6 feet . - - 1 fathom
Table XIV. English square measure.
Inches
144
Feel
1296
9
Yards
39204
272i
m
1210
Poles
1568160
10890
40 Roods
6272640
43560
4840
160 1 4 1-
.^cre
Table XV. English dry measure.
Solid In.
3ir\
Pint
272i
8
Gallon
544i
.«
2
Peck
2178
64
8
4
Bushel
256
32
16
4
Coom
5120
640
320
80
20
Table XVI. English trine measure.
Solid In.
28.875
231
7276.5
9702
14553
19404
Pint
252
336
504
672
Gallon
3U
63
84
Barrel
Tierce
Hhds.
M Pun-.
Table XVII. English ale and beer measuret
Solid In.
35.25
Pint
282
8
Gallon
2538
72
9
r trkin
10152
288
36
4
Barrel
15228
432
54
6
n 1
i04^6
864
108
12
3 1
Hhds.
I 2 I Butt
Table XVIII. French measures on the old syskm.
An inch or pouce is
A foot
A sonde
A toise or fathom
A perche
A league
A square inch
An arpent
1.06578 English inches.
12.78933 do. do.
63.9967 or 5 French feet.
76.7360 or 6 do. do.
230.2080 or 18 do. do.
2282 toiseg.
1.13582 English sq. inch.
100 square perche?,
about i acre English.
Table XIX. French measures on the new system.
1. Measures of Length.
Eng. inch.
Millimetre .03937
Centimetre .39371
Decimetre 3.93710
Metre - 39.37100 or 3.281 feet.
Decametre 393.71000 or 10 yards, 2 feet, 9.7
inches.
Hecatometre 3937.10000 or 100 yards, 1 foot, 1 in.
Chiliometre 39371.00000 or 4 furlongs, 213 yards,
1 foot, 10.2 inches.
Myriometre 393710.00000 or 6 miles, 1 furlong,
136 yards, 6 inchest
2. Superficial or square measures.
Eng. sq. yards.
Are, a square decametre 1 1 9 .6046
Decare - - - 1196.0460
Hecatare - - 11960.4600 or 2 acres, 1
rood, 35.4 perches.
3. Measures of capacity.
Eng. cubic inch.
MiUilitre - - .06103
Centilitre - - .61028
Decilitre - - 6.10280
Litre, a cubic decimetre 6 1.02800 or 2. 113 wine
pintsv
lOf^
818
APPENDIX.— WEIGHTS.
Eng. cubic inch.
Decalitre - - 610.28000 or 2.64 wine
gallons.
Hecatolitrc - - 6102.80000 or 26.4 wine
gallons.
The standard of measure, according to the new
French system, is a meridional circle of the earth,
which for this purpose has been accurately ascer-
tained by men of science. The whole circle is
divided into 40 million parts, or the quadrant into
10 million parts, one of which is the unity of
length called a metre. In order to express deci-
mal proportions in this new system, the following
terms have been adopted. The term Deca pre-
fixed denotes 10 times ; Heca, 100 times ; Chilo,
1,000 times; and Myrio, 10,000 times. On the
other hand, Deci expresses the 10th part; Centi,
the 100th part ; and Milli, the 1,000th part : so
that Decametre signifies 10 metres ; and Decime-
tre, the 10th part of a metre, &c. The Metre is
the element of long measures ; ,^re, that of square
measures ; the Litre is the element of all meas-
ures of capacity ; and the Gramme, which is the
weight of a cubic centimetre of distilled water,
is the element for all weights. For bulky articles,
like wood, the stere is the unity of measure. It is
equal to a cubic metre, containing 35.3171 cubic
feet English.
Table XX. Foot measures of various countries
reduced to English feet.
Eng. feet.
Amsterdam, - - .930
Antwerp, - - - .940
Augsburg, - - .972
Barcelona, - - .992
Berlin, - - - .992
Bern, - - - .962
Bologna, - - - 1.244
Bremen, - - .955
Breslau, - - - 1.125
Brussels, - - .902
China, mathematical, - 1.127
China, imperial, - 1.051
Constantinople, - - 2.195
Copenhagen, - - 1.049
Dantzic, - - .923
Dresden, - - - .929
Florence, - - .995
Geneva, - - - 1.919
Hamburg, - - - .933
Leghorn, - - .992
Leipsic, - - - 1.034
Lisbon, - - - -952
Madrid, - - - .915
(Marseilles, - - .-614
\ Moscow, - - - .928
' Munich, • - .947
Palermo, - - - .747
Paris, - - - 1.066
Prague, - - - .987
Riga, - - - .933
Rome, - - - .966
Stockholm, - - 1.073
Turin, - - - 1.676
Venice, - - - 1.137
Vienna, - - 1.036
Ulm, - - - .826
Utrecht, - - - .741
Warsaw, - - 1.169
Zurich, - - - .979
The ancient Roman foot was 11.626 English
Li inches, the Greek foot 12.090, the Arabic foot
11 10.544.
WEIGHTS.
Table I. Jewish Weights reduced to English
Troy weight.
lb. oz. pwt. gr.
Shekel . - - 0 0 9 2f
Maneh - - 2 3 6 10^
Talent - - 113 10 1 lOf
Table II. Grecian and Roman weights reduced
to English Troy weight.
lb. oz. pwt. gr.
Lentes - - 0 0 0 OjW
Siliquae - . - 0 0 0 SgV
Obolus . - 0 0 0 92^
Scriptulum - 0 0 0 ISyV
Drachma - - 0 0 2 6^**
Sextula - - 0 0 3 Of
Sicilius - - 0 0 4 13f
Duella - - 0 0 6 If
Uncia - - 0 0 18 5t
Libra - - 0 10 18 ISf
Table III. Of Troy weight.
As used by Goldsmiths.
24 grains, gr. - 1 pennyweight, dwt
20 dwt. - 1 ounce, oz.
12 oz. - - 1 pound, lb.
Jls used by Apothecaries.
20 grains - - 1 scrapie, 3
3 3 - - - 1 dram, 3
8 2 - - - 1 ounce, ^
12 ^ - - - 1 pound, ft,
Table IV. Of Diamond Weight.
Diamonds and other precious stones are weigh-
ed by carats, the carat weighing 3^ grains troy.
Diamond weight. Troy weight.
16 parts = 1 grain = OjV grain-
4 grains = 1 carat = 3^ grains.
Table V. Of Avoirdupois weight.
Drachms
16
Ou7ice
256
16
Pmnd
7168
448
28
quar.
28762
1792 112
4 \Hund.
573440
35840 2240
80 20 1'
144 lb. avoirdupois
192 oz. do.
175 «>. troy.
175 02. troy.
Tabl£ VI. JVew French weights reduced to Troy
iveight.
The element of all French weights is the Gram-
me, which is the weight of a cubic centimetre of
distilled water, and is equal to 15.4441 grains troy.
grains, dec,
A milligramme is - - - 0.0154
A centigramjne . - - 0.1544
A decigramme - - -• 1.5444
APPENDIX— GENERAL TABLE OF U. STATES.
S19
A gramme
A decagramme
A hectogramme
A chilo^ramme
A myriagramme
grains, dec.
15.4441
154.441 &c.
1544.41 &c.
15444.1 &c.
154441. &c.
Tabl£ VII. Containing a comparison of the
weights of different places, shewing the number
of pounds of each place that are equal to 100
pounds avoirdupois.
100 pounds avoirdupois English are equal to
91.80 lb. of Amsterdam.
96.73
112.60
92.64
91
96.80
86.85
Antwerp.
Barcelona.
Basil.
Bergen.
Berlin.
Bern.
92.591b.ofBilboa.
125.31
91.72
90.93
111.90
90.80
112
Bologna.
Bourdeaux.
Bremen.
Breslau.
Copenhagen
Cracow.
103.07 lb.
97.14
133.56
97.02
93.63
93.20
119.27
133.56
97.14
98.80
100
93.83
135.59
104.10
143.20
143.70
111.63
141.93
113.58
ofDautzic.
Dresden.
Florence
Frankfort.
Hamburgh.
Hanover.
Konigsberg.
Leghorn.
Leipsic.
Lisbon.
London.
Lubec.
Lucca.
Madeira.
Malta.
Mantua.
Marseilles.
Modena.
Montpellier.
90.79 lb.
110.86
80.87
88.94
139.33
139.22
88.16
108.46
133.69
91.80
87.40
110.86
114.29
98.40
98.77
122.93
96.77
112.25
ofMorea.
Moscow.
Munich.
Nuremberg.
Parma.
Pisa.
Prague.
Riga.
Rome.
Rotterdam.
Rouen.
Russia.
Sardinia.
Spain.
Teneriffe.
Turin.
Ulm.
Warsaw;
TABLES,
ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE
UNITED STATES.
General Table. Showing the extent, population, number of militia, manufactureg, and value of
houses and lands
in each of the United States.
Manufac-
Value of
Rouses and
lands in
1799.
Value of hou
States.
Popula-
tion in
1820.*
Militia
in 1821.
tures in
1810.
ses and landt
in 1814-15.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
1. Maine ....
J 1,750
297,839
30,990
3,741,116
. .
-
2. New Hampshire
9,491
244,161
27,012
5,225,045
23,175,046
38,745,974
3. Vermont ....
10,212
235,749
20,781
5,407,280
16,723,873
32,461,120
4. Massachusetts . .
7,250
521,725
48,140
21,895,528
183,992,468
tl43,765,560
5. Rhode Island
1,580
83,059
8,665
4,106,074
11,066,357
20,907,766
6. Connecticut ....
4,764
275,248
22,100
7,771,9281 48,313,424
88,534,971
7. New York
46,000
1,379,989
121,553
25,370,2861100,380,706
269,370,900
8. New Jersey ....
8,320
277,575
35,240
7,054,594
36,473,899
95,899,-333
9. Pennsylvania ...
46,000
1,046,844
115,231
•33,691,111
102,145,900
346,633,889
10. Delaware - -
2,120
72,749
7,451
1,733,744
6,234,413
13,449,370
11. Maryland
13,959
407,300
32,189
11,468,794
32,372,290
106,496,638
12. Virginia . . . -
64,000
.
88,915
15,263,473
71,225,127
165,608,199
13. North Carolina
48,000
640,000
46,7C2
6,653,152
30,842,372
51,517,031
14. South Carolina
24,000
.
23,729
3,623,595
17,465,012
74,325,262
15. Georgia ....
60,000
328,673
29,661
3,658,481
12,061,137
31,487,658
16. Alabama ....
44,000
.
11,281
1 419,073
-
.
17. Mississippi . . .
45,000
-
5,292
. .
-
18. Louisiana - - . -
48,000
156,000
10,257
1,222,357
- -
-
19. Tennessee
40,000
422,505
36,146
3,611,029
6,134,108
24,243,750
eO. Kentucky - - - -
42,000
564,371
51,052
6,181,024
21,408,090
66,878,587
21. Ohio ....
39,000
581,434
83,247
2,894,290
.
61,347,215
22. Indiana - ...
36,000
147,600
14,990
300,000
. .
.
23. Illinois ....
52,000
50,395
2,031
120,000
- -
-
24. Missouri ....
60,000
. .
12,030
200,000
- -
-
Columbia District
100
. .
1,100,000
. -
- " -
Michigan Territory
40,000
1,707
50,000
172,762,676
- -
-
Total United States
1
399,541
619,977,247
1,631,657,224
* The census for 1820 is not yet published, and we have not been able to obtain the results for all
'he States.
+ Including Mainp.
820
APPENDIX— POPULATION TABLES.
Table I. Containing the tolal population of each of the United States according to the enumerations
in 1790, 1800, and 1810, with the increase and rate of increase between those periods.
"S-S
0-3 .
"r, .2- .
2^Q
s><i:S
ias
A'as
State?.
111
Ill
111
ill
1^1
■• 2 CO
^ 11
■ir..S.
^^..s
II
a o^
a^^
5 fe^
per ct.
per ct.
'
Maine
96,540
151,719
228,705
55,179
132,165
57.2
50.7
New-Hampshire -
141.885
183,858
214,460
41,973
72,-575
29.6
16.6
Vermont
85,539
1.54,465
217,895
68,926
132,356
80.5
41-0
Massachusetts
378,787
422,845
472,040
44,058
93,253
11.5
11.6
Rhode-Island -
68,82.5
69,122
76,931
497
8,106
0.4
11.4
Connecticut
237,946
251,002
261,942
13,056
23,996
5.5
4.3
New-York -
340,120
586,050
959,049
245,930
618,929
72.0
63.6
New-Jersey
184,139
211,149
245,562
27,010
61,423
14.3
16.3
Pennsylvania
434,373
602,548
810,091
168,175
375,718
38.6
34.4
Delaware
59,094
64,273
72,674
5,179
13,580
8.7
13.0
Maryland -
319,728
349,692
380,546
29,964
60,818
6.8
11.4
Virginia - - -
747,610
886,149
974,622
138,539
227,012
17.6
10.7
North Carolina
393,751
478,103
555,500
84,352
161,749
21.4
16.2
South Carolina -
240,073
345,591
415,115
105,518
175,042
38.6
20.1
Georgia - - -
82,548
162,686
252,433
80,138
169,885
97.0
55.1
Alabama - - - )
Mississippi - - \
- -
8,850
31,502
- -
- -
-
356.0
Louisiana - - -
- -
-
76,556
- .
.
-
Tennessee . - -
35,691
105,602
261,727
69,911
226,036
196.0
147.8
Kentucky
73,677
220,959
406,511
147,282
332,834
200.0
83.9
Ohio
3,000
45,365
230,760
42,365
227,000
1400.0
-
Indiana - - -
- -
4,875
24,520
. .
- -
-
408.6
Illinois . . -
-
215
12,282
_
.
.
5609.0
Missouri - ' ' \
Arkansaw Territory - \
- -
- -
20,845
- -
- -
-
-
Michigan Territory
. -
551
4,762
- -
-
-
764.2
District of Columbia -
- -
14,093
24,023
- -
- -
-
70.0
Total in the U. States - -
3,929,328
5,306,035
7,239,90-3!
1,376,707
3,310,575
3.->.li .34.6 1
Table II. Containing the free white •popttlation of each of the United States, according to the enu-
merationsin 1790, 1800 and 1810, with the increase and rate of increase between these periods.
States.
Number of
free white
persons in
1790.
Number of
free white
persons in
1800.
Number of
free white
persons in
1 1810.
Increase in
10 years,
from 1790
to 1800.
Increase in
20 years,
from 1790
to 1810.
-2 *9
OS o —
in
per ct.
per ct.
Maine ....
96,002
150,901
227,736
54,899
131,734
57.2
50.9
New Hampshire - - -
141,097
182,995
213,490
41,898
72,393
29.6
16.6
Vermont ...
85,298
1.53,908
217,145
68,610
131,847
80.5
41.1
Massachusetts - - -
373,324
416,393
465,303
43,069
91,979
11.4
11.7
Rhode Island ....
64,470
65,438
73,214
968
8,744
1.5
11.8
Connecticut ...
232,374
244,751
2.55,179
12,377
22,805
5.3
4.3
New York ....
314,142
555,063
918,699
240,921
604,557
76.7
65.5
New Jersey . . -
169,954
194,325
226,868
24,371
56,914
14.4
16.7
Pennsylvania ...
424,099
586,278
786,804
162,179
362,705
38.2
34.3
Delaware . - . -
46,308
49,852
55,361
3,544
9,053
7.6
11.0
Maryland - . - -
208,649
221,998
235,117
13,349
26,468
3.6
8.0
Virginia - - . .
442,117
518,674
551,534
76,5.57
109,417
16.3
7.2
North Carolina - - -
288,204
337,864
376,410
49,660
88,206
17.0
11.4
South Carolina - - -
131,178
196,259
214,196
65,081
83,018
40.0
9.1
Georgia . . . -
52,886
101,068
145,414
48,182
92,528
93.6
42.2
Alabama . . . . \
Mississippi . . . - )
. -
5,179
23,024
. -
- .
-
344.5
Louisiana - - . -
. -
. -
34,31 1
. -
- .
.
-
Tennessee . . - .
31,913
91,709
215,875
59,796
183,962
187.3
135.4
Kentucky ... -
61,133
179,875
324,237
118,742
263,104
194.2
80.2
Ohio
3,000
45,028
228,861
42,000
225,861
-
408.2
Indiana ....
. -
4,577
23,890
. -
- .
-
421.9
Illinois
- .
208
11,501
_ ,
. .
.
.
Missouri - - - - >
Arkansaw Territory - \
- -
- -
17,227
- -
- -
-
-
Michigan Territory
- -
534
4,618
- -
. .
.
764.8
District of Columbia
- -
10,066
4,304,306
16,079
5,862,093
1,132,186
2,689,973
-
35.0
Total in the United States
3,172,120
35.6
APPENDIX— POPULATION TABLES.
821
Table III. Containing the black population of each of the United States, according to the enu-
merations in 1790, 18W), and 1810, with the increase and rate of increase between those periods.
States.
is-
Number
of blacks
1 in 1800.
Number
of blacks
in 1810.
Increase in
10 years
from 1790 to
1800.
j Increase in
1 20 years
1 from 1790
1 to 1810.
■sji
per ct.
.2 12
per ct.
Maine, _ - - .
538
818
969
280
431
52.0
18.4
New Hampshire, - - -
788
860
970
72
182
9.1
12.7
Vermont, - - - -
271
557
750
286
479
105.5
34.6
Massachusetts, . . -
5,463
6,452
6,737
989
1,274
18.0
4.4
Rhode Island,
4,355
3,684
3,717
—671
-1638
—13.0
0.9
Connecticut, - - - -
5,572
6,281
6,763
709
1,191
12.7
7.6
New York,
25,978
30,988
40,350
5,010
14,372
19.2
30.2
New Jersey, - - - -
14,185
16,824
18,694
2,639
4,509
11.5
11.1
Pennsylvania, - - -
10,274
16,270
23,287
5,996
13,013
58.6
43.1
Delaware, . - - -
12,786
14,421
17,313
1,635
4,527
13.5
20.0
Maryland,
111,079
125,222
145,429
14,143
34,350
12.8
16.1
Virginia, - - - .
305,493
365,920
423,088
60,427
117,595
19.4
15.8
North Carolina, -
105,547
140,339
179,090
34,792
73,543
33.0
27.6
South Carolina,
108,895
149,336
200,919
40,441
92,024
37.0
34.5
Georgia, - - - -
29,662
60,423
107,019
30,761
77,357
103.7
77.1
Alabama, ... )
Mississippi, " '" " >
- -
3,671
17,328
- -
- -
372.0
Louisiana, . - - -
- -
-
42,245
-
.
- •
- -
Tennessee, - - -
3,778
13,893
45,852
10,115
42,074
267.7
230.0
Kentucky, . - - .
12,544
41,084
82,274
28,540
69,730
227.5
100.2
Ohio, - - . .
- -
337
1,899
- ■ -
.
- .
463.0
Indiana, - . , .
- .
298
63C
-
.
. .
211.4
Illinois, . - . -
- -
7
781
-
- .
- -
11000.0
Missouri, - - - >
Arkansaw Territory, - - J
- -
- -
3,618
- -
- -
Michigan Territory,
- .
17
144
.
.
. .
747.0
District of Columbia, -
- -
4,027
7,944
- -
- -
- -
97.2
Total in the United States,
757,2081
1,001,729
1,377,810' 244,521
620,602
32.4
32.8
Table IV. Containing the number
States, according
Free Blacks, and the number of .Stores in each of the United
the enumerations in 1790, 1800 and 1810.
■"z^. .
'SiS . 1 "S ^
t«
o
States.
S « a
S o c
III
a « c
III
l|i
3 S-S
3 S-S
3 S-
^^
= 55
3iS
ir.^
iZ'h
^^
^^
None
^Cfi
Maine - . -
538
818
969i None
None
New Hampshire
630
852
970
158
8
None
Vermont - -
255
557
750
16
None
None
Massachusetts - . -
6,463
6,452
6,737
None
None
None
Rhode Island
3,407
3,304
3,609
948
380
108
Connecticut - - -
2,808
5,330
6,453
2,764
951
310
New-York
4,654
10,374
25,333
21,324
20,614
15,017
New-Jersey ...
2,762
4,402
7,843
11,423
12,422
10,851
Pennsylvania
6,537
14,564
22,492
3,737
1,706
795
Delaware ...
3,899
8,268
13,136
8,887
6,153
4,177
Maryland ...
8,043
19,587
33,927
103,036
105,635
111,502
Virginia ...
12,866
20,124
30,570
292,627
345,796
133,296
392,518
North Carolina ...
4,975
7,043
10,266
100,572
168,824
South Carolina
1,801
3,18o
4,554
107,094
146,151
196,365
Georgia ... -
398
1,015
1,801
29,264
59,404
105,218
Alabama - - - )
Mississippi - - - y
- -
182
240
- -
3,489
17,088
Louisiana . - -
- -
- -
7,585
-
. -
34,660
Tennessee ...
361
309
1,317
3,417
12,430
13,584
44,535
Kentucky
114
741
1,713
40,343
80,561
Ohio
.
337
1,899
.
None
None
Indiana ...
- -
163
393
- -
135
237
Illinois ....
- -
5
613
- -
2
168
Missouri . . . >
Arkansaw Territory - ^
- -
" -
607
- -
- -
3,011
Michigan Territory -
-
14
120
3
24
District of Columbia
Total in the U. States
59,511
783
2,549
"
3,244
893,316
5,395
1,191,364
108,413
186,446
697,697
832
APPENDIX— POPULATION TABLES.
Table V. Showing the proportion of the sexes in the free white population of each state, according
to the enumerations in 1790, and 1810.
States.
179a
1810. 1
Males.
Females,
Excess.
2,262 males
Males.
115,509
Females.
Excess.
Maine ....
49,132
46,870
112,227
3,282 males
New-Hampshire -
70,937
70,160
777
do.
105,982
107,580
1,526 females
Vermont - - . .
44,763
40,505
4,258
do.
109,951
107,194
2,757 males
Massachusetts
182,742
190,582
7,840females
229,742
235,561
6,8J9females
Rhode-Island -
31,818
32,652
834
do.
35,743
37,471
1,728 do.
Connecticut - - -
114,926
117,448
2,522
do.
126,373
128,806
2,433 do.
New-York
161,822
152,320
9,502 males
474,281
444,418
29,863 males
New-Jersey - - .
86,667
83,287
3,380
do.
115,351
111,511
3,840 do.
Pennsylvania -
217,736
206,363
11,373
do.
401,566
385,238
16,328 do.
Delaware
23,926
22,384
1,542
do.
28,006
27,355
651 do.
Maryland - . - -
107,254
101,395
5,859
do.
120,210
114,907
5,303 do.
Virginia - _ .
227,071
215,046
12,025
do.
280,038
271,496
8,542 do.
North Carolina -
147,494
140,710
6,784
do.
188,632
187,778
854 do.
South Carolina
73,298
66,880
6,418
do.
109,587
104,609
4,978 do.
Georgia - - _ -
27,147
25,739
1,408
do.
75,845
69,569
6,276 do.
Alabama . - - >
Mississippi - - - ^
- \
- -
- -
- -
12,850
10,174
2,676 do.
Louisiana ...
- -
. .
-
18,940
15,371
3,569 do.
Tennessee - - - -
16,548
15,365
1,183
do.
111,763
104,112
7,651 do.
Kentucky . - -
32,211
28,922
3,289
do.
168,805
155,432
13,373 do.
Ohio
- -
- -
-
-
119,657
109,204
10,453 do.
Indiana - - - -
-
-
-
-
12,570
11,320
1,250 do.
Illinois - - . .
- -
- -
-
.
6,380
5,120
1,260 do.
Missouri - - - )
Arkansa%v Territory - ^
- -
- -
- -
■ \
9,387
7,840
1,547 do.
Michigan Territory -
- -
. .
.
2,837
1,781
1,056 do.
District of Columbia
- -
- -
- -
-
8,130
7,949 181 do.
Total in the U. States
1,615,492
1,556,628. 58,864 males
2,988,141
2,873,952.114,189 males
Table VI.— Shewing the ages of the free white population of each state according to the enumeration
in 1810.
States.
l-'ree
White Males.
Free White females, |
■o 1
Ill
sixteen
d under
enty-six.
m
11
II
si
ill
sixteen
d under
enty-six.
ivenfy-six
d under
rty-five.
0) <n
41,273
18,463
20,403
22,079
SI
13,291
t3 s
39,131
O 3
17,827
O^B jg^<2
12,515
Maine
21,290
21,464
N. Hampshire
34,284
17,840
18,865
20,531
14,462
32,31S
17,259
20,792
21,940
15,204
Vermont
38,082
18,347
19,678
20,791
13,053
36,621
17,341
20,983
20,792
11,547
Massachusetts
68,930
34,964
45,018
45,854
34,976
66,88?
33,091
46,366
49,229
39,894
Rhode-Island
10,735
5.554
7,250
6,765
5,439
10,555
5,389
7,520
7,635
6,372
Connecticut
37,812
20,498
23,880
23,699
20,484
35,913
18,931
24,973
26,293
22,696
New-York
165,9331 73,702
85,779
94,882
53,985
157,94..-
68,811
85,139
85,805
46,718
New- Jersey
37,814 18,914
21,231
21,394
16,001
36,06,'
17,787
21,194
21,359
15,109
Pennsylvania
138,464 62,606
74,203
74,193
52,100
131,769
60,943
75,960
70,826
45,740i
Delaware
9,632 4,480
5,150: 6,866
2,878
9,041
4,370
5,541 5,.527
2,876
Maryland
38,613 18,489
22,688 25,255
15,165
36,137
17,833
23,8751 22,908
14,154
Virginia
N. Carolina
97,777 42,919
51,473 52,567
35,302
90,715
42,207i 54,8991 51,163
32,512
68,036 30,321
34,630 34,456
21,189
65,421
30,053' 37,9331 33,944
20,427
S. Carolina
39,669 17,193
20,933 20,488
\\,304
37,497
16,629 20,583i 18,974
10,926
Georgia
28,002; 11,951
I 4,272 1,637
14,085 14,372
7,-135
26,28J
11,237; 13,461 12,350
6,238
Mississippi
2,692 3,160
1,144
4,015
1,544| 2,187| 1,753
675
Louisiana
5,848 2,491
2,963 5,130
2,508
5,384
2,588 2,874! 3,026
1,499
Tennessee
44,494 17,170
19,486 19,957
10,656
41,810
16,329: 19,864' 17,624
8,485
Kentucky -
65,134 26,804
29,772 29,553
17,542
60,776
25,743' 29,511 25,920
13,482
Ohio
46,623 18,119
20,189 22,761
11,965
44,192
16,869i 19,990 19,436
8,717
Indiana
4,923, 1,922
2,284 2,316
1,125
4,556
1,863 2,228 1,880
794
Illinois
2,266 i 945
1,274
1,339
556
2,019
791
1,053 894
364
Missouri
Arkansaw ter.
1 3,438 1,345
1,568
2,069
96''
3,213
1,265
1,431 i 1,369
562
Michigan ter.
800 351
583
763
340
640
332
368 311
130
Total
1,035,278 468,183
547,597
572,347
364,736
981,420
448,3241561,668 544,156
338,378
Proportion
17.6pr.ct. 8.0
9.3
9.8 i 6.2 1
16.75
7.65 1 9.6 9.1
5.8
Note. Several of theStatee in the six preceding tables were not admitted into the Union till after
1810. The numbers in such cases have reference to the territory at present included within the lira-
its of the State, except that Louisiana does not include the portion of West Florida which was annexed
to the State in 1812.
APPENDIX.— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
823
COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Table I.
Showing the quantities of the principal articles exported from the United Slates annually
during specified periods.
Articles Exported.
Ashes, Pot _ . - - tons
Pearl - - - - do.
Beef - ... - barrels
Cotton lbs.
Flour . - - - barrels
Fish, dried - - - - quintals
pickled . . - barrels
Flaxseed . - . . bushels
Indian corn . - - - do.
Pork ----- barrels
Rice - - - - - tierces
Tobacco . - - . hogsheads
Tar . - - . - barreb
Pitch - . - - do.
Rosin do.
Turpentine - - - - do.
Wheat ... - bushels
^
Annually
from 1790 to
1799, both in-
clusive.
Annually
from 1800 to
1809, both in-
clusive.
Annually for
the five years
ending Sept.
30th, 1815.
its
3,0&3
4,305
4,537
2,702
8,348
3,197
2,264
1,910
757
2,191
62,371
65,586
76,319
39,214
37,889
189,316
5,527,053
43,127,223
42,136,686
85,649,328
619,681
701,525
909,910
1,039,092
1,479,198
383,237
395,681
418,978
115,512
267,514
37,424
57,904
61,528
25,247
44,426
409,444
316,413
257,095
220,113
222,594
1,713,241
1,316,155
1,107,964
1,451,920
387,454
26,635
51,358
58,996
18,093
14,462
73,329
108,230
84,653
91,622
79,296
101,272
78,815
71,536
31,140
62,365
51,044
53,165
67,107
58,753
37,120
3,818
9,306
5,745
6,228
8,378
228
8,798
1 5,373
7,252
8,038
58,107
43,445
[ 59,432
46,648
73,484
1,018,339
423,755
! 409,467
115,365
96,407
Table II.
Showing the average annual value of the exports of each of the U. States, for the period
often years from 1802 to 1812.
Average annual value of exports for the | Value of exports for the year, j
ten years, from 1802 to 18
12.
ending Sept. 30th, 1820. |
,
States,
§5 «
Domestic
Foreign
Total.
Domestic
Foreign
Total.
Produce.
Produce.
Proporti
pared
whole
States
Produce,
Produce
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
per cent.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars:
Maine* -
-
-
-
1,082,568
25,463
1,108,031
New Hampshire
312,225
139,072
451,297
0.66
223,082
17,718
240,800
Vermont -
185,246
45,110
230,357
0.33
395,869
-
395,869
Massachusetts*
5,347,764
8,103,476
13,451,241
19.77
3,861,435
7,147,487
11,008,922
Rhode Island -
756,156
695,574
1,451,732
2.13
569,902
502,860
1,072,762
Connecticut -
1,065,148
49,948
1,115,096
1.63
415,831
6,101
421,931
New York
7,822,745
7,693,404
15,516,150
22.81
8,250,675
4,912,569
13,163,244
New Jersey -
80,981
10,842
91,823
0.13
20,531
.
20,531
Pennsylvania
4,155,151
6,479,588
10,634,740
15.63
2,948,879
2,794,670
5,743,549
Delaware -
97,030
172,850
269,880
0.39
89,948
.
89,498
Maryland
3,385,378
4,867,300
8,252,678
12.13
4,681,598
1,927,766
6,609,364
District of Columbia
-
-
-
- -
1,156,468
48,447
1,204,915
Virginia
4,101,923
256,135
4,358,058
6.40j 4,549,137
8,820
4,357,957
?«'orth Carolina
626,488
6,235
632,723
0.93, 807,944
375
808,319
South Carohna -
4,771,258
1,437,348
6,208,606
9.12; 8,690,539
192,401
8,882,940
Georgia
1,745,889
19,299
1,765,189
2.57
6,525,013
69,610
6,594,623
Ohio
11,875
-
11,875
0.01
2,218
_
2,218
Louisiana -
-
"
- ■ -
- -
7,242,415
353,742
7,596,157
Mississippi
-
-
-
_
96,636
-
96,636
Michigan Territory
- -
.
- -
_
- -
73,408
51,683,640
18,008,029
73.408
69,691,669
Unit«d Sta*.^*
37,454,583'30,563,563
68,018,147
For want of data, LoHisiana is omitted in the preceding statement.
* Maine was a part of Massachusetts from 1802 to 1812.
824
APPENDIX.— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Table III.
Showing the estimated value of the domestic and foreign produce, exported from the
United States to foreign countries during each year from 1790 to 1820.
TEARS.
Domestic
Foreign
Produce.
Total.
YEARS.
Domestic
Produce.
Dollars.
Foreign
^Produce.
Total.
For the year
ending Sept.
Produce.
For the year
ending Sept.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
30th, 1790
- -
- -
20,205,165
30th, 1806
41,253,727
60,283,236
101,536,963
1791
- .
- -
19,012,041
1807
48,699,592
59,643,558
108,343,150
1792
- -
- -
20,753,098
1808
9,433,546
12,997,414
22,430,960
1793
- -
- -
26,109,572
1809
31,405,702
20,797,531
52,203,283
1794
- -
- -
33,026,233
181042,366,675
24,391,295
66,757,970
1795
- -
- -
47,989,472
1811
45,294,043
16,022,790
61,316,833
1796
40,764,097
26,300,000*
67,064,097
1812
30,032,109
8,495,127
38,527,236
1797
29,850,206
27,000,000*
56,850,206
1813
25,008,152
2,847,845
27,855,997
1798
28,527,097
33,000,000*
61,527,097
1814
6,782,272
145,169
6,9£7,44l
1799
33,142,522
45,523,000
78,665,522
1815
45,974,403
6,583,350
52,557,753
1800
31,840,903
39,130,877
70,971,780
1816
64,781,896
17,138,556
81,920,452
1801
47,473,204
46,642,721
94,115,925
1817
68,313,500119,358,069
87,671,569
1802
36,708,189
35,774,971
72,483,160
1818
73,854,437,19,426,696
93,281,133
1803
42,205,961
13,594,072
55,800,033
1819
50,976,838119,165,683
70,142,521
1804
41,467,477
36,231,597
77,699,074
1820151, 683,640! 18,008,029
69,691,669
1805
42,387,002
53,179,019
95,566,021
1
* These numbers are estimates. There was no discrimination made in the general
tween the value of domestic and foreign articles until the y^ar 1802.
accounts be-
Table IV. Destination of the Exports. Showing the annual value of the produce exported to each
foreign country, calculated on the average often years, ending September 30th, 1812 ; also, the val-
ue of the produce exported to each country in the year ending September 30th, 1820.
Average
Average
1 Average
Value of = i
annual va-
i
annual va-
o annual va-
§
the whole
Produce
exported
in 1820.
.5
Foreign countries.
lue of Do-
mestic pro-
duce ex-
ported.
pL,
lue of For-
eign pro-
duce ex-
ported
't. lue of the
o. whole pro-
2 duce ex-
'^ ; ported
V3
I
Dollars.
per ct.
Dollars.
per ct.! Dollars.
per ct.
Dollars.
pr.ct.
Russia
307,717
0.82
1,919,303
3.33 1,327,020
1.95
1,382,321
2.0
Prussia
96,030
0.25
178,948
0.58; 274,979
0.44
4,839
0.01
Sweden and Swedish W.
Indies - - -
1,400,868
3.74
1,015,741
a32
2,416,605
3.55
646,866
0.97
Danish dominions, including
Norway
1,832,827
4.89
1,961,150
6.42
3,793,977
5.56
2,469,638
3.55
Holland and Dutch colonies
1,790,967
4.78
6,803,503
2.22
8,594,471
12.63
7,688,336
11.03
British dominions
16,853,102
44.99
1,812,674
5.92,18,665,777
27.44
28,891,915
41.47
Germany
736,552
1.96
1,695,506
5.54
2,432,059
3.57
2,591,275
3.7
French dominions
3,118,217
8.32
5,874,694
19.18
8,992,912
13.19
9,111,215
13.7
Spanish dominions -
5,692,220
15.19
5,598,596
18.28
11,190,817
16.45
6,840,024
9.8
Portuguese dominions -
4,154,999
11.09
696,284
2.97
4,851,283
7.13
1,325,751
1.9
Italy
152,968
0.40
1,881,681
6.15
2,034,649
2.99
1,211,190*
1.8
Trieste and Austrian ports
on the Adriatic
14,380
0.03
216,504
0.70
230,885
0.33
587,582
.84
Turkey, Levant, and Egypt
15,431
0.04
260,701
0.84
276,132
0.40
693,186t
1.0
Cape of Good Hope -
50,198
0.13
70,286
0.22
120,484
0.17
- -
China
193,430
0.51
139,634
0.45
333,065
0.48
1,479,701
2.1
Asia generally
East Indies do.
6,976
0.01
14,991
0.04
11,968
0.02
63,427
0.1
128,135
0.34
351,189
1.14
479,324
0.70
- -
West Indies do.
1,123,275
2.99
390,057
1.27
1,513,332
2.22
2,508,956
3.6
Europe do.
158,293
0.42
458,268
1.49
616,661
0.90
965,024
1.4
Africa do.
213,819
0.57
227,395
0.14
441,214
0.62
76,909
.11
South Seas
4,366
0.01
20,162
0.06
24,529
0.03
26,961
.04
North-Wcst coast
19,011
0.05
147,771
0.4B
166,782
0.24
234,431
.34
Hayti
-
- .
-
- .
-
- -
644,358
.92
South America -
-
. .
.
- -
.
. -
241,193
.35
Barbary States
93,287
0.24
179,743
0.5?
273,031
0.40
100 ~~
4,571
(69,691,669
.00
100
Total
37,454,583
100
30,563,563
100
68,018,147
Includii^ Malta
t Including Mocha and Aden.
APPENDIX— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
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828 APPENDIX— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Table VIII. Showing the annual value of the several species of merchandize imported into the U.
States, the amount re-exported with allowance of drawback, and the balance, or amount consumed
within the U. States, also, the annual amount of duties levied, drawbacks allowed, and net duties
collected on said merchandize, calculated on the average of the three years ending Sept. 30tb 1804.
{From Seyberfs Statistical .Annals.)
Articles imported.
Value im'
ported.
Merchandize paying ad valorem
duties,
Nails and spikes,
Lead and manufactures of lead.
Steel,
Beer, ale, and porter, -
Cheese, - - - - -
Boots and shoes, - - -
Coal,
Salt, ... -
Rum,
Geneva, . - - -
Brandy, _ _ - .
Wines, . . . -
Teas, - - . -
Coffee,
Sugar, - - - - -
Molasses, - - . -
Cotton, ... -
Pepper, , . . -
Indigo, - - . -
Cocoa, - . _ .
Pimento, . . - -
Hemp, - - - - -
All other articles,
Total,
Dollars.
39,489,590
479,041
227,002
147,957
76,020
77,150
101,300
36,407
771,996
3,881,r
675,430
2,077,601
2,962,039
2,360,507'
8,372,712
7,794,254
1,930,592
804,125
633,041
436,941
310,773
71,927
919,443
680,000
Exported
with al-
lowance of
drawback.
Dollars.
75,316,93'
4,411,332
34,982
12,750
4,145
2,118
40,767
11,331
185
6,283
125,568
91,083
313,918
810,348
963,028
6,837,690
3,821,965
8,112
748,831
512,383
279,271
132,289
35,227
166,493
On which
duties
were actu-
ally col-
lected.
Dollars.
35,078,258
444,059
214,252
143,812
73,902
36,383
89,969
36,222
765,713
3,755,521
584,347
1,763,683
2,15I,r
1,397,479
1,53.5,022
3,972,289
1,922,480
55,294
120,658
157,670
178,484
36,700
919,443
513,507
19,370,099 55,846,838
Gross a-
mount of
Draw-
back.
Net duty.
duty.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
5,177,824
560,282
4,617,542
75,776
5,375
70,401
25,209
1,367
23,842
9,862
267
9,595
13,822
374
13,448
21,601
11,015
10,586
15,278
1,668
13,610
20,226
99
20,127
727,152
165,199
561,953
1,858,561
58,347
1,800,214
320,918
41,218
279,700
635,495
87,520
547,975
986,730
260,662
726,068
785,026
307,777
475,249
1,854,990
1,461,758
393,232
2,560,712
1,223,107
1,337,605
321,765
1,305
320,460
96,495
86,715
9,780
345,295
269,700
75,595
72,824
44,916
27,908
41,187
17,021
24,166
23,829
11,331
12,498
102,160
- -
102,160
102,360
24,974
4,643,997
77,386
11,551,100
16,195,097
Table IX. Showing the average annual amount of several articles of foreign merchandize con-
sumed in the United States at different periods.
Periods.
Foreign
Spirits.
Gallons.
Molasses.
Gallons.
Wines.
Gallons.
Teas.
Pounds.
Coffee, j Sugar.
Pounds, i Pounds.
i;836;39lj^97;37b
16,158,703154,396,470
Average annual amount
from 1790 to 1792,
from 1803 to 1812,
4,108,802
6,833,193
5,423,122
7,354,964
1,091,478 2,215,749
1,737,0023,445,932
APPENDIX— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
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APPENDIX— POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT.
Table XI.-
-Showing the tonnage of the U. States each year,
from 1789 to 1820, distinffuishin? the
amount
emyloyed in
he foreign trade, coasting trade, and fisheries.
Years.
Foreigntrade
Coasting trade.
Fisheries.
Total tonnage
of every de-
scription.
Registered
tonnage.
Enrolled
tonnage.
Licensed
vessels un-
der 20 tons.
Enrolled
tonnage em-
ployed in
the Whale
Enrolled
tonnage em-
ployed in
the Cod
Licensed
vessels un-
der 20 tons
in the Cod
fishery.
fishery.
fishery.
1789
123,893
68,607
. .
, .
9,062*
201,562
1790
346,254
103,775
- .
. .
28,348*
478,377
1791
363,110
106,494
.
. .
32,542*
602,146
1792
411,438
120,957
. .
.
32,062*
564,437
1793
367,734
114,853
7,217
. -
38,177
1,985
491,780
1794
438,862
167,227
16,977
4,139
23,121
5,549
628,816
1795
529,470
164,795
19,601
3,162
24,887
6,046
747,963
1796
576,733
195,423
22,416
2,363
28,509
6,453
831,900
1797
597,777
214,077
23,325
1,103
33,406
7,222
876,912
1798
603,376
227,343
24,099
763
35,476
7,269
898,328
1799
669,197
220,904
25,736
592
23,932
6,046
946,408
1800
669,921
245,295
27,196
651
22,306
7,120
972,492
1801
718,549
246,255
28,296
736
31,279
8,101
1,033,218
1802
560,380
260,543
29,079
580
32,987
8,533
892,101
1803
597,157
268,676
30,384
1,142
43,416
8,396
949,147
1804
672,530
286,840
30,696
323
43,0S8
8,925
1,042,403
1805
749,341
301,366
31,296
898
48,479
8,986
1,140,368
1806
808,284
309.977
30,562
728
50,353
8,829
1,208,735
1807
848,306
313,189
30,838
907 .
60,689
8,616
1,268,548
1808
76C,053
387,684
33,1.35
724
43,597
8,400
1,242,595
1809
910,059
371,500
33,661
573
26,109
8,376
1,350,281
1810
984,269
371,114
34,232
339
26,250
8,577
1,424,783
1811
768,852
386,258
34,103
54
34,360
8,872
1,232,502
1812
760,624
443,180
34,790
941
21,822
8,636
1,269,997
1813
674,853
433,404
37,703
788
12,255
8,622
1,166,628
1814
674,632
425,713
40,443
561
8,863
8,992
1,159,208
1815
854,294
435,066
40,598
1,229
26,510
10,427
1,368,127
1816
800,759
479,979
42,185
1,168
37,879
10,246
1,372,218
1817
809,724
525,029t
_ .
- .
65,157::
- -
1,395,911
1818
606,088
549,374t
- -
- -
69,722 :
- -
1,165,134
1819
612,930
57l,058t
- -
- -
76,762 :
- -
1,260,751
* These numbers include tlie enrolled tonnage employed in the Whale fishery.
t These numbers include the licensed vessels under 20 tons, employed in the coasting trade.
■^ These numbers include all the enrolled and licensed tonnage employed in the fisheries.
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APPENDIX.— REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED STATES. 831
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Table I. Showing the expenditure of the U. States for each year, from the commencement of the
present government to 1815, on account of the military, naval, and Indian departments, public debt, &c.
i
Military
establish-
ment.
Indian
depart-
ment.
Naval de-
partment.
♦Foreign
inter-
course.
tCivil list
Total.
Expendi-
ture on ac-
count of
publicdebt
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
1791
632,804
27,000
570
14,733
1,043,021
3,797,436
5,287,949
1792
1,100,702
13,648
53
78,766
572,905
8,962,920
7,263,665
1793
1,130,249
27,282
- -
89,500
460,316
6,479,977
5,819,505
1794
2,639,097
13,042
61,408
146,403
640,395
9,041,593
5,778,602
1795
2,480,910
23,475
410,562
912,685
522,963
10,151,240
6,084,411
1796
1,260,263
113,563
274,784
184,859
698,458
8,367,776
5,824,282
1797
1,039,402
62,396
382,631
669,788
679,370
8,625,877
5,792,421
1798
2,009,522
16,470
1,381,347
457,428
758,454
8,583,618
3,990,294
1799
2,466,946
28,302
2,858,081
271,374
863,460
11,002,396
4,596,876
1800
2,560,878
31
3,448,716
395,287
1,006,455
11,952,534
4,578,369
1801
1,672,944
9,000
2,111,424
195,676
891,624
12,273,376
7,279,792
1802
1,221,148
52,000
915,561
550,925
997,443
13,270,487
9,539,004
1803
882,055
- -
1,215,230
1,110,834
794,692
11,258,983
7,203,444
1804
938,923
63,000
1,189,832
1,186,652
1,084,446
12,615,113
8,171,787
1805
768,281
141,000
1,597,500
2,798,126
1,052,423
13,598,309
7,369,889
1806
1,383,555
75,000
1,649,641
1,760,421
1,211,590
15,021,196
8,989,884
1807
1,388,285
104,825
1,722,064
577,825
1,190,560
11,292,292
6,307,720
1808
3,041,434
72,975
1,884,067
304,982
1,200,868
16,762,702
10,260,245
1809
3,470,772
212,503
2,427,758
166,305
1,148,331
13,867,226
6,452,554
1810
2,389,923
82,025
1,654,244
81,366
1,103,521
13,309,994
8,008,904
1811
2,122,828
61,875
1,965,566
264,904
1,177,430
13,592,604
8,009,204
1812
12,022,798
72,845
3,959,365
347,702
1,426,786
22,279,121
4,449,622
1813
19,747,013
72,358
6,446,600
209,961
1,606,484
39,190,520
11,108,123
1814
20,507,906
10,294
7,311,290
177,179
2,120,960
38,547,915
7,900,543
1815
, 15,208,794
111,750
8,660,000
290,891
1,210,645
25,522,089
12,628,922
1816
1 ■ -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
24,871,062
1817
- -
- -
- -
- -
27,358,671
* Including Barbary Powers.
t Including miscellaneous civil.
Table
Showing the receipts at the Treasury of the United States, for each year from the com-
mencement ot the present government, to 1815.
>*
Imposts &
tonnage.
Internal
revenue.
Loans and
Treasury
notes.
Miscella-
neous
receipts.
Aggregate
amount of
receipts.
Excess of
receipts o-
ver expen-
ditures.
Dollars.
Excess of
expendi-
tures over
receipts.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
1791
4,399,472
311
361,391
10,167
4,771,342
973,905
_
1792
3,433,070
209,060
5,102,498
17,828
8,772,458
. -
190,461
1793
4,255,306
349,386
1,797,272
48,230
6,450,195
. .
29,782
1794
4,801,065
304,133
4,007,950
326,701
9,439,855
398,262
1795
5,588,461
360,755
3,396,424
170,117
9,515,758
- -
635,481
1796
6,567,787
554,415
320,000
1,297,926
8,740,329
372,552
- .
1797
7,549,649
725,348
70,000
413,783
8,753,780
132,903
- -
1793
7,106,061
696,843
200,000
176,265
8,179,170
- -
404,447
1799
6,610,449
837,848
5,000,000
98,515
12,546,813
1,544,416
. .
1800
9,080,932
1,637,314
1,565,229
130,502
12,413,978
461,444
. .
1801
10,750,778
1,833,553
- -
361,123
12,945,455
672,079
- -
1802
12,438,235
1,056,306
- -
1,501,251
14,995,793
1,725,306
- -
1803
10,479,417
473,401
- -
111,278
11,064,097
- -
194,886
1804
11,098,565
620,647
- -
107,094
11,826,307
- -
788,806
1805
12,936,487
608,245
- -
15,960
13,560,693
- -
37,616
1806
14,667,698
884,628
- -
7,604
15,559,931
538,734
1807
15,845,521
523,205
- -
84,112
16,398,019
5,105,726
- .
1808
16,363,550
680,169
- -
11,970
17,060,661
297,959
- .
1809
7,296,020
460,690
- -
117,160
7,773,473
- -
6,093,753
1810
8,583,309
696,888
2,750,000
179,602
12,134,214
- -
1,175,780
1811
13,313,222
1,068,173
- -
208,052
14,422,634
830,029
. -
1 1812
8,958,777
809,128
12,837,900
97,737
22,639,032
359,911
- .
1 1813
13,224,623
887,351
26,184,135
253,006
40,524,844
1,334,324
- -
1 1814
5,998,772
5,072,079
23,327,826
429,668
34,878,432
- -
3,669,483
i 1815
7,282,942
8,269,541
35,264,3-20
6,673
51,283,946
25,761,866
- -
APPENDIX— PUBLIC DEBT.
Table III.— Showing tlie aggregate
receipts and disbursements of the Treasury from the 4lh of
1789, to the 31st of March, 1815.
Receipts.
Expenditures. |
From imposts and tonnage
" internal revenue
" direct taxes -
" postage of letters
" sales of public lands
" miscellaneous - - -
From loans - . - -
Total receipts ... -
Dollars.
222,530,374
9,016,342
4,476,826
747,388
8,658,369
1,590,001
Pay and subsistence of the army
Fortifications of pof^ts and harbors
Other military expenses
Indian department - - -
Naval department - - -
Foreign intercourse* - -
Barbary powers - - - -
Civil list
Miscellaneous civil . - -
Public debt . - - -
On account of revolutionary gov- )
ernment . - . . ^
Total expenditure - - .
Balance in the Treasury -
Dollars.
88,270,562
4,374,805
4,983,611
1,338,040
47,818,303
10,678,015
2,405,322
14,940,695
9,909,978
167,324,588
316,268
247,019,302
107,138,184
354,157,487
352,560,193
1,597,294
354,157,487
* Exclusive of Barbary powers.
Table IV. — Showing the receipts and disbursements of the Treasury during three years of war :
viz. 1812, 1813, 1814.
Receipts.
From revenue
loans
" treasury notes
Total
1812
9,801,132
22,639,03240,524,844
1813
14,340,709
10,002,40020,089,635
2,835,500 "'
6,094,500
1814
11,500,606
15,080,546
8,297,280
34,878,432
i Total receipts for 3 years, $98,042,309.
Expenditures.
1812
Civil and miscel- j
laneous 1,791,360 1,833,308
Military estab-
lishment 12,078,773 19,802,
Naval do. 3,959,365 6,446,600
Public debt 4,449,622 11,108,123
Total - - 22,279,12139,190,520 38,547,915
Expenditure for 3 years, $100,017,557
1813
1814
2,337,897
20,510,238
7,312,899
Table I.
PUBLIC DEBT.
-Showing the amount of public debt on the 1st of January i
eaeh year, from 1791 to 1817.
Years.
Amount.
Years.
Amount.
Years.
Amount.
Years.
Amount,
Dollars.
i Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
1791
75,169,974
1798
78,494,165
1805
80,534,058
1812
45,035,123
1792
76,373,767
1799
77,399,909
1806
74,542,957
1813
55,907,452
1793
77,587,997
1800
1 81,633,325
1807
67,731,645
1814
80,986,291
1794
75,996,170
1801
82,000,167
1808
64,742,326
1815
99,824,410
1795
78,149,937
1802
78,754,568
1809
56,732,379
1816
123,016,375
1796
81,642,272
1803
1 74,731,922
1810
53,156,532
1817
118,822,865
1797
80,934,02r}
1804
1 85,353,643
1811
47,855,070
Table IL— Showing the amount of the Evidences of the Public debt of the U. States, possessed by
Creditors within the U. States and in Foreign countries, on the 1st of January 1818.
^ {From Seybert''s Statistical Annah^
Stocks.
Old six per cent.
Deferred six per cent.
Three per cent.
Exchanged six per cent,
Louisiana ...
Six per cent, of 1812
Do. 1813
Do, 1814 -
Do. 1815
Six per cent. Treasury note
Seven per cent. do.
Five per cent.
Six per cent. 1796
Within the
U. States.
By the
British.
343,335
1,874,809
6,056,208
2,408,909
2,548,200
5,684,318
19,505,253
10,633,865
8,076,897
1,118,712
8,247,813
7,000,000
80,000
!=73,578,322 12,305,79'
29,957
376,127
2,601,208
242,922
2,386,900
465,321
2,384,276
1,992,563
1,327,788
138,313
360,416
By the
Dutch.
310,918
1,464,663
3,765,721
13,000
5,013,400
12,600
373,300
72,715
45,249
6,000
By all oth-i ^^^^ ^^
er foreign-ij.^^. -^
ers. 1 °
38,305
184,267
1,025,012
1,712
339,700
43,862
305,212
72,321
43,812
4,676
1,800
379,181
2,025,058
7,391,942
257,634
7,740,000
521,783
3,062,789
2,137,600
1,416,851
148,990
362,216
11,077,569 2,060,683125,444,049
Total.
* Of this sum, 2,341,662 dollars were owned by the btates, 24,374,544 by iiiiorjorated
46,862,116 by individuals.
722,517
3,899,1
13,448,150
2,666,544
10,288,200
6,206,102
22,568,042
12,77 l,46q
9,493,748^
1,267,702
8,610,030
7,000,000
80,000
99,^,372
bodies, and
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