NEW
UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,
CONTAINING
A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, SEAS,
LAKES, RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &c/ •
KJVOTTJV WORLD.
I
APPENDIX,
CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES, WITH
TABLES ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES.
ACCOMPANIED WITH AN ATLAS.
BY JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. A.A. S. S. H.S. ^
AND
RICHARD C. MORSE, A. M.
THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.
PUBLISHED BY
SHERMAN CONVERSE OF NEW-HAVEN,
AND
SILAS ANDRUS OF HARTFORD.
S. CONVERSE, PRINTER.
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, «.
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of August, in the forty-sixth
year of the Independence of the United States of America, JedidiAh Morse, and
Richard C. Morse, of the said District, have deposited in this office the title of a
Book, the right whereof they claim as Authors and Proprietors, in the words follow-
ing, to wit : " A New Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, containing a description of
the various countries, provinces, cities, towns, seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known
world. With an Appendix, containing an account of the monies, weights, and measures of various
countries, with tables illustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the United States. Ac-
companied with an Atlas. By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. and Richard C. Morse, A. M
Third edition, revised and corrected." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United
States, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts,
and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned.' '
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me,
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
PREFACE.
THE preceding editions of this Gazetteer were published in two
volumes, one relating to the Western and the other to the Eastern
Continent. The former was edited exclusively by the senior author
of the present edition ; the latter, in connection with his friend the
Rev. Elijah Parish, D. D. In the present edition it has been deem-
ed expedient to comprise both continents under one alphabet, and for
the sake of more convenient reference, to publish the whole in a sin-
gle volume. Instead of the assistance of his worthy friend, the au-
thor has availed himself of the labors of his son, whose name is as-
sociated with his own upon the title-page ; and it is proper also to add
in this connection, that most of the tables in the Appendix, and the
principal articles relating to the United States, were prepared by Sid-
ney E. Morse, A. M.
The basis of the present volume, so far as relates to the Eastern
Continent, is the New Edinburgh Gazetteer, now nearly completed
in six volumes, and " executed by six different authors of literary
eminence, each taking a separate department." This work is an am-
ple digest of the most valuable geographical materials recently pub-
lished in Great Britain, and appears generally to have faithfully no-
ticed all the modern changes ; a point of the more importance, since
the common Gazetteers published in England still continue the inser-
tion of obsolete divisions, and even describe the most noted kingdoms
with boundaries which have long since ceased to exist. Besides the
information derived from the Edinburgh Gazetteer, the articles of the
Eastern Continent have been improved from a variety of sources.
Tlie geography of the German States, particularly, hitherto regarded
as peculiarly complicated, has been made much more accurate by the
use of Kramer's Lchrbuch der Geographic dcr Staaten des deutschen
Bundes.
In regard to our own country, the principal dependence in respect
to what may be called permanent geography, has been on the various
geographical works of the senior author ; the information in which
has been gradually collected during a space of more than thirty
years, partly by correspondence with gentlemen of the first intelli-
gence in the various States, and partly by consultation of standard
works as they have appeared from time to time. Much information
has also been recently collected by correspondence, and extensive
personal travels. The valuable works which have lately been pub-
PREFACE.
lished on various parts of the country, have been systematically, and
it is believed faithfully digested. A catalogue of the publications to
which we are principally indebted, is annexed to this preface.
Particular attention has been given to the accounts of Missionary
Stations. The principal authorities in this department of the work
are the London Missionary Register, the Missionary Herald publish-
ed in Boston, and the Reports of the several Missionary Societies.
The first table in the Appendix contains a summary result of the re-
searches of the senior author in relation to the number and position
of the various Indian tribes in this country ; but a more particular
account is reserved for publication in another form. In the tables on
the Commerce and Resources of the United States, much assistance
was derived from Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the
United States, and Seybert's Statistical Annals ; but the statements
are generally exhibited in a new form, and are frequently the result
of laborious calculations : many of them also are brought down to
the present time from other sources.
Abbreviations, though long since abandoned in Great Britain, are
still used by German Geographers, and have been adopted by us.
When not carried to excess, they are attended with obvious advanta-
ges. In the present volume they are used only in words of frequent
occurrence, and the explanation is generally obvious.
In a work of this general nature it is impossible to avoid error.
No man can describe the whole world, or even the whole of an ex-
tensive country from personal observation. He must of necessity rely
on others, who will often lead him astray. All that can reasonably be
demanded of the General Geographer is a diligent collection and
faithful use of the best materials. To accomplish this we have spared
neither industry nor expense, yet none can be more sensible than we
ourselves that many articles will be found defective, and many state-
ments erroneous. We shall be much obliged by any communications
which will enable us to improve a future edition. To the Heads of
the different departments of the General Government, and to all the
gentlemen who have obligingly furnished us with documents or
manuscripts, for the improvement of the present edition, we tender
our grateful acknowledgments. The public patronage abundantly
experiencer] in times past, and recently manifested in a very liberal
subscription for the present volume, will stimulate to increased efforts
to reader future editions more worthy of approbation.
New-Haven, August 8th, 1821.
A
CATALOGUE
OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED IN COMPILING THIS GAZETTEER.
Americana Archaeologia, or Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society,
1st vol. 8 vo. Worcester, 1820.
American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4 vols. 8 vo. New-York, 1814.
American Missionary Register, New-York.
Blodget's Statistical Manual for the United States, 1810.
Blum's Picture of New-York, 1817.
Bouchette's Topographical Account of Canada, and maps, 8 vo. London, 1815.
Bourne's map of Ohio, 1820.
Brackenridge's Views of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1814.
Carrigan's map of New-Hampshire, 1818.
Cincinnati Directory, 12 mo. 1819.
Connecticut and Rhode-Island Gazetteer, by Pease &c Niles, 8 vo. 1819.
Connecticut, map of, by Warren & Gillett, 1821.
Darby's Tour from New-York to Detroit, 8 vo. 1819.
Dearborn's Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, 2 vols.
8 vo. Boston, 1819.
Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, 12 mo. 1815.
Dwight's Statistical Account of New-Haven, 1811.
Eddy's map of New-York, 1818.
Emigrant's Guide to the Western and South- Western States, by William Darby,
8 vo. 1818.
Emigrant's Directory, or Western Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, 8 vo. 1817.
Field's Statistical Account of the county of Middlesex in Connecticut, 1819.
Forbes' Sketches of Florida, 8 vo. 1821.
Greenleaf's Statistical View of Maine, 8 vo. 1816.
Harmon's Journal of Travels in the interior of N. America, 8 vo. 1820.'
Hassel's Statistische Uebersichts-Tabellen, foHo, Gottingen, 1809.
Kramer's Geographic der Staaten des deutschen Bundes, 8 vo. Bremen, 1818.
Lewis and Clark's Expedition to the sources of the Missouri and to the Pacific
Ocean, 2 vols. 8 vo. 1814.
London Missionary Register.
Melish's maps.
Missionary Herald.
M'Murtrie's Sketches of Louisville, 8 vo. 1819.
Morris' Statistical Account of Litchfield county. Conn. 1815.
National Calendar for 1820, and 1821, 12 mo. Washington City.
National Intelligencer, for 9 years, (1812—1821.)
New-Hampshire Gazetteer, by E. h P. Merrill, 8 vo. 1817.
New-York Gazetteer, by H. G. SpafFord, 8 vo. 1813.
North American Review, Boston.
Ohio Gazetteer, by John Kilbourn, A. M. 12 mo. 1819.
Pike's Expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi, Arkansaw, &;c. 8 vo. 1810.
Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, 2d edition, 8
vo. Hartford, 1817.
e CATALOGUE, &c.
Quarterly Review, London.
Ree's Cyclopedia, American edition.
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on Roads and Canals, 1808.
Schoolcraft's View of the Lead mines of Missouri, 8 vo. 1819.
Schoolcraft's Narrative of the Expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, 8 vo.
1821.
Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions, 2 vols. 8 vo.
Seybert's Statistical Annals of the United States, 4 to. Philadelphia, 1318.
Shaw's description of Boston, 12 mo. 1817.
Silliman's Tour from Hartford to Quebec, 12 mo. New-Haven, 1820.
Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, New-Haven.
Smith's View of Upper Canada, 12 mo. 1813.
Stoddard's Sketches of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1812.
Sturges' map of Georgia, 1818.
Thomas's Travels in the Western country, 12 mo. 1819.
Van Zandt's description of Illinois and Missouri, 8 vo. 1818.
Whipple's Geographical and Statistical View of Maine, 1816.
EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS.
an.
ancient.
A. Turkey.
Asiatic Turkey.
cap.
capital.
CO.
county.
Conn, or Ct.
Connecticut.
dep.
department.
Eng. - -
England.
Eu. Turkey.
European Turkey.
Hind. -
Hindoostan.
isl. -
island.
Ken.
Kentucky.
m. - - -
miles.
Mass. -
Massachusetts.
Md. -
Maryland.
N. H. - -
New-Hampshire.
N. C. - -
North Carolina.
N.J.
New-Jersey.
N.Y. -
New-York.
Pa. -
- Pennsylvania.
p-t.
post town.
Pop.
- post village.
Population.
r. - -
- river.
R. I.
Rhode-Island.
S.C. -
South Carolina
Switz.
- Switzerland.
s-p.
seaport.
Ten. -
Tennessee.
t.
- town.
Va.
Virginia.
U. States.
United States.
Vt.
Vermont.
Note. — In all places in the United States, when the population is expressed without date, it is ae-
derstood to be according; to the census of 1810.
NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
A A L
jCi-A, r. Switzerland, runs into lake Lucerne ; an-
other of this name falls into the lake of Waldstad-
ten ; and another into the Aar, 3 m. S. W. of
Bru-g.
Aa, r. France, rises near Rumilly, dep. of the
Pas de Calais, becomes navigable at St. Omer, af-
ter which it divides into three branches, and falls
into the sea below Gravelines.
Aa, r. in the Dutch province of Overyssel, falls
into the lake of Giter, the issue of which is into
tlie Zuyder Zee, near Blockzyl.
Aa, or Aade, r. in Dutch Brabant, runs into the
Dommel, below Bois le Due.
Aa, r. Saxony, falls into the lake of Blanken;
There are two rivers of this name in Holland, which
empty into the Vetch, and the old Yssel rivers.
Aa, r. in Semigallia, Courland, runs into the
gulph of Riga.
Aabenrade. See Apenrade.
Aach, t. Suabia, 32 m. N. W. of Constance.
Aachen. See Aix la Chapelle.
Aachen. See Slockach.
Aadeneh, v. Syria, 32 m. N. of Aleppo.
Aag-Holm, isl. on the coast of Norway.
Aahaus, or Ahus, in the bishopric of Munster,
a rich bailiwick, comprising four towns and twenty
parishes, and yielding a revenue of above 16,000
florins, or 1500/. sterling.
Aahaus, t. 32 m. N. W. of Munster. Pop. 1,600.
Aakiar, v. Denmark, bp. Aarhuus, Jutland.
Aakirke, t. Denmark, in the isl. of Bornholm.
Aaland. bee Aland.
Aalborg, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut-
land, in the N. part of the peninsula. Pop. about
90,000.
Aalborg, the capital of the above, is a large
and populous town, and, after Copenhagen and
Odensee, the most opulent in Denmark. It
carries on a good trade in corn and excellent her-
rings. The harbor is deep and safi.', though at
AAR
one place rather difficult of entrance. 30 m. N. of
Wiborg. Lat. 57° 3' N.
Aalburgh, a large v. Holland, near the Mease.
Aalsmer, v. Holland. Pop. 1 ,800.
Aalten, t. Dutch Guelderland, on the frontier of
Munster. Pop. 3,520.
Aamara, a seaport of Barca, Africa, 60 m. S. E.
of Tabarca.
Aanstooi, v. Holland, in Guelderland.
Aar, or Aren, r. in Switzerland, falls into the
Rhine near Coblentz, in the canton of Aargau.
Aara, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 25 m. S. W. Madian.
Aaraban, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, on
the river Khabur, 18 m. S. E. of Ras-ain, 53 E.
N. E.ofRacca. Lat. 36° 21' N. Lon.40°E.
Aarau. See Arau.
Aarberg, t. Switzerland, 9 m. fr. Berne.
Aarburg, t. on the Aar, Switzerland, has a castle.
Aardelsfiord, gulf, on the coast of Norway.
Aardenburg, t. Holland, 11 m. N. E. of Bruges.
Pop. 1,000.
Aaret, t. Norway, 8 m. S. of Stavanger.
Aargau, Argow, Argovia, a Swiss canton. It
has the cantons of Zug and Zurich on the E. the
Rhine on the N. the cantons of Basil and Solothurn
on the W. with those of Berne, Lucerne, and part
of Zug on the S. Extent, 650 sq. m. Pop. 132,763.
Aarhuus, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut-
land, extending from the Categat to the bp. of Wi-
borg. Pop. about 140,000.
Aarhuus, capital of the above bp. lies on a
pleasant level between the sea and an inland lake,
connected by a canal dividing the town into two
equal parts. It enjoys a good trade with Livonia,
Sweden, Norway, Holland, England, France, and
Spain. The chief article of export is corn. 48
m. S.ofAalborg. Lon. 10°13'E. Lat. 56° 10' N.
Aarl an der Veen, v. in N. Holland, 2-050 inhab.
Aarle, lordship, Brabant. The village of the
same name has, with the neighbouring one of Rix-
el, 1,015 inhab. and h ne&r He]mont oh tha Aiw
10
ABA
Aaroe. See Anoe.
Aaron, t. France, dep. of Mayenne. It hay ex-
tensive iron works.
Aaronsbiirg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. 15 m. E. Belle-
font, 40 W. by N. fr. Sunbury.
Aaron's IslanJ, or Si. Aaron, an isl. on llie N.
W. coast of France, on which St. Malo is built.
Aarwangen, v. Switz. canton of Benie, 12 m.
E. of Solothurn.
Aarweiler. See Ahrweilcr.
Aas, fort, Norway, 20 m. W. S. W. of Chris-
tiansand.
Aatas, t. Turkestan, 65 m. S. E. Y\.ndeg:an.
Aazy, t. France, dep. of the Aisne, with good
iron works, 5 m. S. W. of Chateau-Thierry.
Aba, t. Japan, in the isl. of Ximo, 6 m. S. S. E.
Nangasaky.
Aba, mountain of Armenia, whence the Eu-
phrates and Araxes have their source.
A bach, borough in Bavaria, on the Danube, 9
m. from Ratisbon.
Abaco. See Providence, JVeiv.
Abacooche. See Coosa.
Abacu, a point of land on the S. coast of St. Do-
mingo. Lon. 26° 44' W. Lat. 32° 50' N.
Abacuna, r. S. America, which joins the Ori-
noco near the fall of Atures.
Abadan, t. of the pachalic of Bagdad, near the
Persian Gulf. 40 m. S. E. of Ba^sora.
Abode, V. Egypt, on the Nile. On the same site
■was built, in a superior taste, the ancient Greek
city of Abydos. 80 m. S. Cairo.
Abadeh, a walled t. Persia, pro v. Fars. Lat. 31°
10' N. Pop. 5,000.
Abafacem, v. Abyssinia, 30 m. E. of Axum.
Abafaja, v. Transylvania, on the Marosch.
Abtthai, a country of Chinese Tartary. Lat.
44° N. Lon. 115° E.
Abahaner, a country of Chinese Tartary, in-
habited by the Mongol Tartars, near the wall of
China,
Abaite, r. Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, runs
E. and falls into the Rio I'rancisco. The largest
diamond ever produced in Brazil, was found in
this river.
Abakan, r. Asia, which joins the Enesei 16 m.
S. of Abakansk.
Abakansk, a fortified t. of Siberia, on the Aba-
kan, prov. of Kolhyvane. 340 m. E. of Kolhy-
vane. Lat. 54° 0' N. Lon. 91° 14' E. Pop. 1,250.
Abalak, t. Siberia, 16 m. S. of Tobolsk.
Aban, t. Persia, 65 m. S. of Kernian.
Aban, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 3 leagues
from Besancou.
Abana, in Sac. Geog. r. of Syria, which rises in
Mount Lebanon, and passing by Damascus, is lost
in a desert to the south of that city.
Abancourt, t. France, dep. of the North, 5 m.
N. Cambray.
Abariga, t. in Wliidah, Africa, 22 m. W. Sabi.
Abano, t. Italy, territoi'y of Padua, noted for its
hot sulphureous baths. Pop. 3,000.
Abaraner, t. Persian Armenia, 25 m. E. Nac-
sivan.
Abarcal, t Portugal, prov. of Beira, 15 m. W.
Lamego.
Abarek, v. Kurdistan, on the confines of the des-
ert. 48 m, from Nisibis.
Ahnrim, in Sac. Gcog. mountains of Palestine,
on the east side of Jordan, opposite Jericho. Pis-
gah, Nebo, Peov, &c. were partieubr summits in
this ridge.
A B D
Abarn.us, a city, country, and promontory of Pa-
riana, near the Hellespont. The inhab. are poor
and treacherous, and sell their own children. E.
lon. 39° to 43°. N. lat. 43° to 45°.
Abari/, r. of Guiana, between the Berbice and
the Demcrara.
Abarzkaia, t. Russia, gov. of Tobolsk, on the
river Ischim, 128 m. S. E. of Tobolsk,
Abasa, Abascia, or Abghas, Great and Little, a
country of Asia, bounded N. by Circassia, S. by
Mingrelia, and S. W. by the Black sea. The in-
habitants are a bold, rebellious, and independent
peoi)le, subsisting chiefly by hunting and plunder.
Some of the tribes have chiefs of their own ; oth-
ers consider themselves vmder the protection of
Russia; and several acknowledge no authority.
Pop. about 150,000.
Abaski, t. Circassia, 40 m. S. E. Kopiel.
Aba-Ujvar, a palatinate of U. Hungary, bound-
ed E. and S. by Semplin, W. by Thorn and Bors-
chod, and N. by Scharosch and Zyps. The coun-
try is rich in metals, precious stones, wood, and
wine like Tokay. Pop. 120,000.
Abawi, the name given by the Abyssinians t»
the great river which passes through their coun-
try, and which they consider, erroneously, as
forming the principal head of the Nile. The
name signifies in their language, " The Father of
Waters."
Abb, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 63 m. N. E. of Mocha.
Abba del Kuria, isl. in the Indian ocean, 50 m.
W. S. W. of the isl. of Socotra.
Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Irak, 35 m, W. N. \V.
Gnerden.
Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Mazanderau, 5 m. N.
E. Asbrcf.
Abbejiort, seaport, Norway, 48 m. S, W. Chris-
tiania.
Abbensen, v. Hanover, 5 m. S. W. of Buxte-
hude.
Abberlmry, v. England, 7 m. N. W. Shrewsbury.
Abbtrille, t. France, dep. of Somme ; celebra-
ied for the manufacture of fine cloth. 9 leagues
N. W. of Amiens, 22 S. of Calais, and 40 N. W. of
Paris. Pop. 18,000.
Abbeville, district. S. C. on Savannah r. Chief
t. Abbeville. Pop. 21,156. Slaves, 6,672.
Abbeville, p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 118 m.
W. Columbia. It has a magazine, arsenal, and
goal.
Abbey-Feale, v. Ireland, 30 m. fr. Limerick.
Abbey-Green, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Lanark.
Abbeylei.T, v. Ireland, 48 m. S. W. of Dublin.
Abbey-Milton, v. England, 7m.N. W. of Bland-
ford.
Abbot-Ann, t. England, 2i m. from Andover.
Abbots-Bromley, t. England, 6 m. E. of Stafford.
Ahholsbury, t. England, 8 m. W. S. W. of Dor-
chester.
Abbotshall, v. Scotland, Fife shire, on N. shore
of the frith of Forth. Abundance of coal is
found here, rising to the surface of the ground.
Pop. 2,879.
Abbofs-Langlcy, v. England, Hertford co. 20
m. from London. Pop. 1,300.
Abbotstown, p-t, Adams co. Pa. 41 m. S. W.
Harrisburg.
Abbruck, isl. Russia, near the isl, of Oesel.
Abcoude, t. Holland, 5 m. S. Amsterdam.
Abda, a prov. on the W. coast of Morocco, fa-
mous for its breed of horses. Pop, 500,000,
ABE
Ahdama, a populous village of Syria, gov. of
Aleppo.
Abd-el-asis, v. Persia, between Erbil and Mosul.
Jlbdel-keditj isl. in the Nile, near Girge.
Abdon, isl. Lat. 0° 30' N. Lon. 131° 15' E.
Abdulabad, t, Hindostan, prov. Oude, 5 m. N.
of Mauicnpore.
Abdvl-Azcem, v. Persia, in the plain of Tehe-
ran.
Abdulgunge, t Hindostan, prov. of Oude, 15 m.
?f. Chazypore.
Abdulina, t, Asiatic Russia, 60 m. N. E. Oren-
burg.
Abdun, t. Persia, prov. of Segistan.
Abdura, t. Persia, in Segistan.
Abea, t. 35 ra. E. of Senioaar, in Africa.
Abeares, t. Arabia, prov. Hedjas, 80 m. N. of
Saade.
Abeile, r. Tartary, branch of the Jihon.
Abelin, a castle and hamlet, Palestine, on a fine
eminence, 8 m. from Acre.
Abella, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. of Ba-
laguer. ^
Abel-Misraim, in Sac. Geog. otherwise called
the threshing-Jloor of Atad, supposed to have been
somewhere westward of Jordan and Jericho.
Abel-Meholah, in Sac. Geog. a place in Pales-
tine, W. of the Jordan, pertaining to the half
tribe of Manasseh. It was the native place of
Elisha the prophet, and near it Gideon miracu-
lously defeated the Midianites.
Abel-Beth-Maachali, or Abel-Maim, in Sac.
Geog. a etrong city N. W. of Damascus, in the
canton of Abilene.
Abel-Shitiim, Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of
Moab, opposite to Jericho, near Jordan. Here
Moses encamped before the Israelites passed the
Jordan under Joshua. Here also, seduced byBa-
lak, they worshipped Baal Peor, and were pun-
ished by the instrumentality of the Levites.
Abenberg, t. Bavaria, 22 m. N. of Eichstadt.
Pop. 1,000.
Abenheim, v. in the grand duchy of Hesse, 4^
m. N. W. of Worms.
Abenoja, t. Spain, 20 m. S. W. of Ciudad Real.
Abenoja, r. Spain, which falls into tlie Gua-
diana,
Abenrade. See Apcnrade.
Abensberg, a district and t, in Bavaria, on the
river Abens, 20 m. E. of Ingolstadt. Lon. 11^
52' E. Lat. 48° 46' N.
Aber, v. Wales, Caernarvon shire, on the sea
coast. Pop. 534, 6 m. from Bangor.
Aberavon, t. Wales, at the mouth of the r. Avon.
Aberbroihock, or Arbroath, seaport Scotland,
Angus Co. Pop. 8,150. 58 m. N. E. Edinburgh,
12 S. W. Monti-ose.
Aberconivay, or Conway, seaport Wales, 18 m.
fr. Denbigh, 23 fr. Caernarvon. Pop. 1,053.
Abercorn, v. Scotland, 12 m. W. of Edinburgii.
Abercom, t. Georgia, On Savannali r. 18 m. N.
W. Savannah, 5 fr. Ebenezer.
Abercouk, t. Persia, 120 m, N. E. of Shiraz.
Abercrombie, t. Effingham co. Lower Canada,
36 m. N. W. Montreal.
Aberdalgy, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Perth.
Aberdeen, city, Scotland, in Aberdeen shire, on
the'r. Don, a mile from the sea. It is called Old
Aberdeen, in contradistinction to the town of that
name about a mile distant, from which it is quite
separate, both in civil and ecclesiastical constitu-
tion. An university, called King's College, was
founded io 1 506. It has professorships of diviaity,
ABE
11
civil law, medicine, humanity, Greek, moral phi-
losophy, natural philosophy, mathematics, and
Oriental languages. Belonging to tlie university
are a very considerable number of bursaries or
endowments for the support of students ; the total
number of whom in 1816—1817, was 187. The
library contains 12,935 volumes of printed works,
and sevei^l curious manuscripts. Pop. 1,911.
Aberdeen, seaport Scotland, Aberdeen Co. and
the principal city of Scotland N. of the river
Forth. A fine bridge, of a single arch, of 132
feet span, of granite, wjis erected recently in Un-
ion-street, at an expence of 10,000/. There are
twenty-one jilaces for divine worship in tliis city,
for d-itferent denominations of Christians. An uni-
versity, called Marischal College, was founded
here in the year 1593. The buildings, which oc-
cupy a considerable area towards the north-east
part of the city, have been erected at different
periods, and are very irregular. An observatory
has been constructed over a portion of them late-
ly, elevated about 60 feet above tlie court below,
and commanding a spacious view. This institu-
tion has a good library, containing about 10,000
volumes. The two universities. King's College
and Marischal College, are quite distijict and in-
dependent of each other, and some attempts for
their union under one system have proved abor-
tive. Marischal College was attended by 220
students during the winter session 1816—1817, be-
sides 105 students of divinity, alternately attend-
ing each university. Trade and manufactures
are actively prosecuted to a large extent. The
latter chiefly consist of woollen, linen, and cot-
ton, in all their different stao^es. The principal
exports are grain, fish, tliread, hosiery, cotton, and
linen goods, and not less than 7000 tons of granite
yearly, for paving the streets of London. Pop.
33,639. 108 m. N. of Edinburg. Lon. 2° 8' W,
Lat. 57° 9' N.
Aberdeen, co. Scotland, bounded N. and E. by
the German ocean, on the S. by Pertli, Forfar, and
Kincardine.
POPULATION.
Families 33,718
engaged in agriculture 13,637
in trade and man-
ufactures 14,286
engaged otherwise 5,795
Total Individuals 135,075.
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Aberdeen shire, 8 m.
from Frazerburgh.
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Fife shire, 10 m. N. W.
of Edinburgh. Pop. 1,800.
Aberfeldie, v. Scotland, on the Tay, 76 m. N.
W. Edinburgh,
Aberford, t. England, 8 m. fr. I^eeds.
Aberfors, t. Russia, gov. of Wiborg, 30 m. W.
of Frederickshamm.
Aberfayle, v. Scotland, Perth shire, 9 m. E.
Kippen.
Aberfraw, t. in the isl. of Anglcsea, 20 m. E. S.
E. of Holyhead. Pop. 1,054.
Abergavenny, t. England, Monmouth co. 17 m.
fr. Monmouth. Pop. 2,815.
Abergeley, a seaport in N. Wales, Denbigh
CO. 12 m. fr. Aberconway. Pop. 1,044.
Abergement le Due, t. France, 8 leagues S. of
Dijon. Pop. 1,600.
Abergement, v. France, dep. of the Ain.
Abergement, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 12
leagues S. E. of Besan^on.
Abergn-illy, v. S. Wales, 2 m. E. CaermarthcD
12
A B I
ABO
Aberlady, v. Scotland, Haddington shire, on the
S. shore oif the Foi-th, 16 m. from Edinburgh,
Aberlemno, v. Scotland, Ang;u shire, has two
singular obelisks, covered with rude sculptures. 4
m. S. of Brechin.
Abemethyy t. Scotland, Perth shire. Here is a
circular pillar, 74 feet high, and 16 in diameter;
consisting of 64 regular courses of hewn stone.
7 m. from Perth. Pop. 1,035.
Abernethy, v. Scotland, Elgin shire, 30 m. S. E.
of Inverness. Pop. 1,709.
Abertamm, t. of Bohemia, circle of Elubogen,
1,130 houses.
AberustwUhjV.Engldiad, Monmouthshire. Pop.
1,626.
Aberystwith, seaport S. Wales, Cardigan shire,
39 m. N. of Cardigan. Pop. 2,264. Lat. 52° 17'
N. Lon. 4° 20' W.
Abestad. See Afrestad.
Abex, a name given to the region along the W.
coast of the Red sea, between Abyssinia and E-
gypt. It consists chiefly of mountains and deserts,
and has been very little explored. Between Lat.
11° and 24^ N.
Abgherm, t. Persia, prov, of Irak, 150 m. E. N.
E. Ispahan.
Abha, a market v. of Abyssinia, near Massuah.
Abher, t. of the Persian Irak, or ancient Parthia,
in Asia, delightfully situated, and adorned witli
fine gardens and elegant public buildings. 26 ra.
S. E. from Sultania.
Abhosagur, t. Tibet, on the Ganges, 130 m. N.
N. W. of Sirinagar.
Abi-Atrah, r. Persia, running into the Caspian
sea, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ashor.
Abia, r. in the N. part of the isl. of Borneo, with
1 4 feet water on a bar at the mouth in spring tide,
opposite to the isle of Usookan.
Abiad, Bahr el, r. Africa, is considered as the
head of the Nile. It rises in the Mountains of the
Moon, several hundred miles S. of Darfoor.
Abiad, t. on the coast of Abex, on a high moun-
tain, and remarkable for its trade in ebony and ar-
omatick plants.
Abia-Grasso, t. Italy, dutchy of Milan, 12 m. S.
W. of Milan.
Abiar-Alana, t. Arabia, prov. of Hedjas, 33 m.
W. Ailah.
Abiasco, v. Switzerland, on the r. Blegno.
Abid, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 12 m. S> of Doran.
Abild, t. Sweden, prov. of Halland, 20 m. N. of
Helnistadt.
Abilene, in Sac. Geog. a small canton in Coelo
Syria, W. of Damascus, between Libanus and
Antilibanus, of which Lysanias was for some time
tetrarch.
Abin, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 60 m. N. E. of Aden.
Abineau, or Long Point, a narrow neck of land,
which projects into Lake Erie, about 10 m. W.
of Fort Erie.
Abineau Port, on the N. side of Lake Erie, 13
m. W. S. W. from Fort Erie.
Abingdon, t. Enerland, Berks shire, on the
Thames. Fop. 4.801. 6 m. S. of Oxford, and 56
W. JV. W. of London.
Abingdon, t. Harford co. Md. 20 m. N. E. Balti-
more. Pop. 300.
Abingdon, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Va.
Bear the S. W. corner of the state, 260 m. from
Richmond. A cave, arched with a massy rock,
penetrates 300 feet into the hill on which the town
stands. It has several apartments, and a brook
rarming through it.
Abmaion, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 18 m. S. E.
Boston.^ Pop. 1,704.
Abinglon, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. 145 m. N. E.
Harrisburgh, 15 N. E. Wilkesbarre. Pop. 511.
Abinglon, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 12 m. N. Phil-
adelphia. Pop. 1,236.
Abipones, warlike Indians who inhabit between
28° and 30° S. lat. on the banks of the river Plata.
Number about 5,000. During the five winter
months the country which they inhabit is inunda-
ted, when they retire to live in the islands or on
the tops of trees.
Abira, t. Persia, prov. of Kermau, 68 m. E. S.
E. of Kerman.
Abirelcara, t. Eg5rpt, on the road into S)rria, 10
m. S. W. of Belbeis.
Abisea, prov. of Peru, E. of the Andes, and S.
of Cuzco. It is little known, consisting entirely
of woods, rivers, and lakes, being the refuge
of many barbarous nations of Indians, who have
been driven out of the more frequented parts of
the country.
Abiscoun, t. Persia, in the prov. of Korassan, on
the river of the same name, 10 m. W. of Assera-
bad, and 40 W. of Jorjan. Lat. 37° 10' N. Lon.
54° 5' E.
Abiscoun, r. Persia. It falls into the Caspian 20
m. W. Abiscoun.
Abismes, Qiiartel des, that part of the island of
Guadaloupe which looks to the north-east.
Abiso, or Abissa, r. Sicily, which falls into the
sea between Syracuse and Cape Passaro.
^6t7t66i, a small lake. Upper Canada; also the
name of a river which running N. joins Moose
river near its mouth at James bay.
Abitigas, a numerous and warlike nation of bar-
barous Indians, in the province and jurisdiction
of Turma in Peru, who live a wandering life in
the woods.
Abiverd, or Baverd, t. Persia, prov. of Korassan,
350 m. S. S. W. of Samarcand. Lat. 38° 16' N.
Lon. 76° E.
Abkuren, r. Persia, running into the Bend
Emir, 14 m. S. E. of Baiza.
Ablach, r. Germany, which falls into the Dan-
ube, near Scheer, in Wirtemberg.
Abl(iikct, t. Russian Tartary. Here are the re-
mains of a great temple, said to have been erected
before the year 1671, by Ablai, a Kalmuck chief,
to the gods of his nation ; the whole surrounded
by a wall 15 feet high. Though now in a state of ra-
pid decay, some MSS. regarding the Mongols and
Tanguts, were here preserved, during last cen-
turv. 540 m. S. E. of Tobolsk. Lon. 82° 14' E.
Lat. 49° 20' N.
Ablaket, mt. Asiatic Russia, gov. of Kolhyvane,
between the rivers Irtisch and Ablaket.
Ableutsch. See Abiasco.
Ablis, t. France, dep. of the Seine and Oise, be-
tween Paris and Chartres. Pop. 800.
Ablilas, t. in Navarre, 9 m. S. of Tudela.
Abloe, t. Little Tartary, lying between the river
Dnieper and the Black sea. E. Lon. 33° 15'. N.
Lat. 46° 20'.
Ablon, t. France, dep. of the Seine and Oise, on
the Seine, 10 m. S. S. E. of Paris.
Abnub, V. Egypt, on the Nile, 7 m. S. of Kenne.
Abo, the capital of Finland, lies at the extremi-
ty of the promontory formed lay the gulfs of Both-
nia and Finland, on the river Aura jocki, which
runs through the town. It has a commodious har-
bor, and drives a considerable trade with other
towns in Finland, in corn, cattle, fish, wood, iron.
A B R
tar, and cloth. Its foreig^n commerce extends to
England, Holland, and, in a small degree, to the
Mediterranean. Here are manufactories of cloth,
silk, cotton, ropes, and paper, along with a sugar
refinery; there are likewise two dock-yards,and one
of the best glass houses in the Russian dominions.
Pop. in 1791, 11,500. Gustavus Adolphus founded
here an academy in 1628, which, in 1640, was
raised to the rank of a university. A number of
Finnish and Russian youths here qualify them-
selves for the bar or pulpit. Lon. 22° 7' E. Lat
60°28'N.
Abo, t. in the desert tract immediately south
of Teyzan, in Africa. It is the principal place of
the rock Tibbo. Lon. 16° 55' E. Lat. 26° 20' N.
Jlbokna, t. Africa, 100 m. E. S. E. Sennaar.
Abola, one of the divisions of the Acow in Abys-
sinia. It is a valley half to a mile wide, fenced
E. and W. by mountains, covered to the summit
Tfith herbage and acasia trees.
Abomey^ capital of the kingdom of Dahomey,
which lies a little inland from the Slave Coast of
Africa, and is noted for the ferocious despotism of
its government. The roof of the king's house is
said to be adorned with human skulls, and piles of
heads, erected on each side of the gates. Pop.
24,000. Lon. 0° 55' E. Lat . 7° 50' N.
Abondance, t. in Savoy, 3 m. fr. Geneva.
Aboro, t. and district, on the Gold Coast of
Guinea, on the river Ancobra, immediately be-
hind Axim.
Aboro, a market t. in the kingdom of Acra, on
the Gold Coast of Africa.
Aborroen, a seaport, Brazil, prov. of Seara.
AboKcuis, mt. of Arabia, 3 miles from Mecca,
where, according to a tradition among the Ma-
hometans, Adam was buried.
Abouillona, or Abellionte, lake, Asiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, at the foot of Mount Olympus. A riv-
er called Lupat issues from the west end of the
lake, which is navigable by boats to the sea of
Marmora. 8 m. from Bursa.
Aboukir, t. of Egypt, with a castle, 10 m. N. E.
of Alexandria. This was the point chosen by Sir
Ralph Abercromby to effect his landing in 1801.
Aboukir, isl. about a league fi'om the town.
Aboukir Bay, formed on the W. side by the
point of land on which the town is situated, and
on the east by that v/hich lies at the mouth of the
Rosetta branch of the Nile. In this bay was
fought by Lord Nelson, in 1801, the famous battle
of the Nile, in which thirteen French sail of the
line were taken or destroyed. The country around
is barren.
Abouthesy, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Aboutige, or Abutige, t. of Upper Egypt in the
Thebais, on the W. bank of the Nile, a little S. of
Siout. The best of opium is made out of the
abundance of poppies which grow here. 170 m.
S. of Cairo. Lat. 26° 50' N.
Abra, t. Africa, 60 m. E. S. E. Sennar.
Abra, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 20 m. N. W. of Ja-
mama.
Abra, isl. in the straits of Magellan.
Abrah, t. in the interior of the Gold Coast of
Africa, the capital of Fantee.
Abraham' aha, v. Hungary, Jyps Co.
Abram, t. England, in Lancashire. Pop. 502.
Abrantes, fortified town on the Tagus, in Portu-
gese Estremadura, 45 m. E. Lisbon.
Abrany, two vs. Hungary, Bihar co.
"brega, t in Istria, 10 m N. Rovigno,
ABU
13
IF
Abreiro. t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes.
Abreisha, t. in the island of Cyprus, 16 m. N. N,
E. Baffa.
Abreolhos, Abrolhos, or Abreogos, Point of, on
the coast of Brazil, in Lon. 30° 51' 30" W. Lat.
18° 19' 30" S. Near this point are some hidden
rocks or sand banks, on which numbers of vessels
have suffered shipwreck. These sand banks are
more than 20 leagues from the continent, and, cal-
culated from their centre, lie in Lon. 39° 18' W.
Lat. 17° 51' 20" S.
Abres, or Les Abres, t. France, dep. of the Isere.
Abries, or Aurieu, t. France, dep. of the Upper
Alps, 16 leagues E. S, E. of Gap.
Abriz, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, 27 m.
E. S. E. Erekli.
Abrojos, or Baxos de ZJaiwca, abank E. of Turks-
Islands, W. I. Lon. 70° 40' W. Lat. 21° 5' N.
Abron, r. France, which runs into the Loire^
between Avril and La Motte.
Abrug-Banya, or Abrobania, a small town in
Transylvania, on the Ompa, 21 m. from Alba Ju-
lia. It is the principal of what are called the met-
al towns. Lon. 22° 10' E. Lat. 46° 28' N.
Abriizzo, one of the four great provinces of the
kingdom of Naples, bounded E. by the Adriatic,
N. and W. by the states of the Church, and S. by
the provinces of Terra di Lavoro, and Capitana-
ta. It is divided into two districts, separated by
the river Pescara : the one called Abruzzo Citra^
the other, Abruzzo Ultra. The capital of the
former is Salmona, and of the latter Aquila. Pop
in 1788, 587,719.
Abs, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 8 m. N. W.
of Viviers.
Absharon, peninsula of Persia, prov. of Schir-
van, projecting from the N. W. side of Baku into
the Caspian sea. It is an inexhaustible source of
the Naptha. Here are two villages, and a few
Guebres have established themselves, together
with temples, near to what is esteemed perpetual
fire, the object of their adoration. Lat. 40° 10' N,
Abshirin, r. Persia, flows into the Persian gulf.
Absteinach, a district in Hesse. The town of
this name is 7 m. N. N. E. Heidelberg.
Abstetten, t. Austria, 9 m. S.of Tuln.
Abston, t. England, Gloucester shire 7 m,
from Bristol.
Abstorf, two towns in the archduchy of Austria ;
one 7 m. S. Tonneberg, the other 5 m. E. Zisters-
doi'f.
Abstotten. See Abstetten and Amstotten.
Abswangen, t. East Prussia, in the bailiwick of
Natangen, 12 m. S. of Konigsbei^.
Abtenau, t. in the archbishopric of Saltzbui^,
20 m. S. S. E. Saltzburg.
Abtegemund, v. in Wirtemberg, 6 m. S. W. of
Ellwangen.
Abu Ait, or Selin, v. Egypt, on the Nile, 4 m. S.
E. Abutige.
Abu-Arisch, a territory of Arabia, near the
Red Sea, extending from 15° 20' N. lat. to 17° 40'.
Its prinpcipal towns are Abu-Arisch, Gesan a sea-
port, Harradi, and Sabea. Salt is obtained from
the hills in the vicinity, and exported.
Abu-Arisch, city Arabia, 80 m. E. Loheia. Lon.
42° 30' E. Lat. 16° 45' N.
Ahucay, t. on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Min-
danao. Lon. 125° 24' E. Lat. 8° 40' N.
Abucees, S. Joseph de los, a settlement of Indians
in S. America, on a branch of the Putumayo. Lon.
75°22'W. Lal.0°3G'N.
14
A B Y
A C A
Abu-Dahea, a rocky islet in the Red sea, near
the coast of Arabia. ].at. 25° 19' N.
Abufeide, a steep mountain in Egypt, on the
Nile, opposite Monfalout, inhabited by a formida-
ble body of robbers.
Abul Kasum, t. in Bagdad, near the Euphrates,
22 m. N. N. W. Hillah.
Abu-Mtalle, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast
of Arabia. Lat. 25° 19' N.
Abur, mt. Arabia, in Yemen, 16 m. S. S. W. of
Kataba.
Aburra, S. Bartolome de, t. of New Granada.
Lon. 75° 17' W. Lat. 5° 51' 30 ' N.
Abury, v. Eng. Wiltshire, celebrated for a stu-
pendous assemblage of stones, of great antiquity,
artificially arranged. 6 m. fr. Marlborough, 81
fr. London.
Abiischureia, isl, near the E. shore of the Red
sea. Lat. 16° 54' N.
Abimhuscha. isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 27° 20' N.
Abu Sexan, t. in central Africa, 100 m. E. Wara.
Abu Shareb, t. in central Africa, 85 m. S. S. E.
of Wara.
Abusir, or Busir, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 40 m.
S. Damietta.
Abusir, two fortified eminences, 120 m. W. of
Alexandria, in Egyi>t.
Abussinem, t. Palestine 6 m. N. E. Acre.
Abutcha, r. Siberia, runs into the Yana. Lon.
132° 44' E. Lat. 66° 30' N.
Abuiige. See Aboutige.
Abuyog, t. on the E. coast of isl. Lc'ta, one of
the Philippines. Lon. 124° 59' E. Lat.' 10° 44' N.
Abwerden, t. of East Prussia, 3 m. S. S. W. of
Konigsberg.
Aby, t. Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 10 m. S. Pitea.
Abj/ssinia, an extensive kingdom of Africa,
bounded E. by the Red sea, N. by Sennaar, W.
and S. by Sennaar, Kordofan and vast and barba-
rous regions, about 770 m. long, and 550 broad.
The ranges of mountains, with which it is every
■where intersected, presers^e the air cool, and af-
ford a supply of water sufficient to maintain fertili-
ty. The declivities of the mountains afford the
most agreeable situations, upon which most of the
towns and villages are built. In consequence of
this physical structure^ Abyssinia is exceedingly
fertile, and is exempted in a great measure from
that sand which dooms so large a portion of Africa
to sterility. Wheat is raised in considerable quan-
tity; teff grows on every soil, and affords the
bread which is in universal use. One of the most
important natural curiosities of Abyssinia, is the
great plain of salt, belAveen Amphila and Massu-
ah. It covers a flat plain, about four days jour-
ney across. It is perfectly pure and hard for
about two feet deep. It is cut with an adze into
pieces, which not only serve as seasoning to food,
but even circulate as money in Abyssinia. The
digging of the salt is attended with c»nsiderable
danger, from the vicinity of the Galla, who fre-
quently attack those employed, as well as the car-
avans, which convey the salt to Antalo. The gov-
ernment is a despotism; the power of the sove-
reign has no limit ; there is no assembly of the
people, nor any nobles to controul its exercise. —
But this absolute power is set at open defiance,
not only by a number of savage tribes established
in the heart of his dominions, but by tlie governor
of the smallest province, by every one in short
who can collect around him a body of armed men.
Civil war rages thus almost without intermission.
This perpetual state of civil war and coufusioQ
seems to be the main cause of that peculiar bar-
barism and brutality, by which the manners of
Abyssinia are characterised. Dead bodies lie in
the streets, without being allowed the rites of sep-
ulture, but are left to be devoured by the dogs
and liyaenas. They eat raw flesh, and when on a
journey, are in the habit of cutting steaks from a
living animal, then closing up the wound and
driving him on. Marriage in Abyssinia is a very
slight connection, formed and dissolved at pleas-
ure. Although the Abyssinians profess Christian-
ity, their religion still retains a large share of Ju-
daical observances. They abstain from the meats
prohibited by the Mosaic law ; practise circum-
cision, and keep both the Saturday and Sunday as
Sabbaths. The Coptic patriarch of Cairo contin-
ues still to be the nominal head of tlie church,
from whom the Abuna, the resident head, receives
his investiture. Their veneration for the Virgin
is unbounded. Their saints are very numerous,
and surpass ip miraculous power even tliose of the
Romish calendar. The foreign commerce of
Abyssinia is carried on entirely by way of Mas-
suah, whence the communication with the inte-
rior is maintained by the channel of Adowa. The
imports are chiefly lead, block tin,^old foil, Per-
sian carpets, raw silks from China, velvets, French
broadcloths, coloured skins from Egypt, glass
beads and decanters from Venice. The exports
consist of gold, ivory, and slaves. The population
is variously estimated from 2 to 3,000,000.
Abzal, r. Persia, flows into tlie Persian gulf.
Acaay, a pai'ish in Paraguay, 14 leagues S. E.
of Ascension. Lon. 57° 25' W. Lat. 25° 54' S.
Acabef Assolhm, a seaport of Barca in Africa,
60 m. S. £. of Tabarca.
Acadia, the name by which Nova Scotia was
called when it belonged to the French. See J^''o-
va Scotia.
Acadia, co. Louisiana. Pop. 6,174. Chief t.
Godberrys, between lake Maurepas and the Mis-
sissippi.
Acaguiry, t. Hindostan, in Golconda, 36 m. N.
W. Adoni.
Acam. See Akim.
Acama, or Cape St. Epipliany, a promontory of
tlie island of Cyprus,
Acamon, r. Guiana, which enters the Caroni.
Acanti, r. in the province of Darien, which
falls into the sea between Cape Tiburon and the
bay of Caledonia.
Acapnia, v. S, America, in Guatimala. Lon.
93° 52' \\\ Lat, 16° 53' N.
Acupulco, or Los Reges, t. Mexico, on the coast
of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest
in the world, and capable of containing any num-
ber of vessels in perfect safety. The principal
trade of Acapulco is with Manilla, one of the
Philippine islands, to which it has for a long pe-
riod sent out annually a large vessel, called a gal-
leon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gen-
erally consists of silver, a very small quantity of
cochineal from Oaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil
and Caraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool, "rhe
value of the precious metads, exported in a single
vessel, including what is not registered, amounts
in general to about 200,000/. or 250,000/. The
galleon generally sails from Manilla in the middle
of July, or beginning of August, when the south-
west monsoon is already completely established.
Its cargo consists of muslins, printed calicoes,
coai-se cotton shirts, raw silks, china, silk stock-
ings, articles of jewelry, spices, and aromatics.
A C C
The voyag^e formerly lasted from five to six months,
but now only three or four. As soon as the intelli-
gence arrives at Mexico, that the »alleon has been
seen off the coast, the roads are covered with trav-
ellers, and every merchant hastens to treat with
the supercargoes who arrive from Manilla. Aca-
pulco, owing to its position, is extremely unheal-
thy ; and the unfortunate inhabitants, besides be-
ing tormented with earthquakes and hurricanes,
breathe a burnin* air, full of insects, and vitiated
by putrid emanations. Bilious fevers, and the
cholera morbus, are very frequent, and the Mexi-
cans, who descend fi'om the table land to purchase
goods, on the arrival of the galleon, are frequently
the victims of those diseases. Pop. 4,000, mostly
people of color. At the time of the arrival of the
Manilla galleon this number is increased to 9,000.
Lat. 16° f>0' 29" N.
Acaraga, r. Paraguay, which enters the Uru-
guay, near the city of Assumption.
Acarai, a settlement of Paraguay ; also a river
of Paraguay, which enters the Parana.
Acarapu, r. of Surinam, in S. America.
Atari, r. in Brazil, which enters the Amazon at
its mouth.
Acariez, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 9 m.
E. of Naxia.
Acarigva, r. in Venezuela, rises near the town of
Araure, and running south, enters the La Portu-
guesa, a branch of the Apure.
Acarretlo, a port in S. America, province of Da-
rien. Lon. 77° 24' W. Lat. 8° 39' N.
Aeanm, t. Eu. Turkey, 40 m. N. W. Lepanto.
ArMsabastlan, r. in the province of Vera Paz, in
Mexico, runs into the Golfo Dolce, 50 m. S. of
Vera Paz,
Aca.isa, r. in French Guiana, enters the sea be-
tween the Ayapuco and Cape Orange.
Acasuchtitlan, t. Mexico, 50 m. N. Puebla de
Ids Angelos.
Acatepec. There are various small settlements
of this name in South America.
Acatlan, the name of six settlements in Mexico.
Acayvca. 1. 100 leagues S, E. of Mexico. Lon.
94° 46' 30" W. Lat. 7° 53' N.
Acasutla, a port on the Pacific ocean, in Gua-
timala. Lon. 99° 3' W. Lat. 14° 42' N.
Acboula, t. Persia, in Irak, iJO m. N. of Hama-
dan.
Accaba, mountains in Asia, between Palestine
and Arabia Petrssa, N. E. of the upper ex-
tremity of the Red sea.
Accaba, or Calaat el Accaba, fortress of Arabia
Petraea, 150 m. E. S. E. of Suez. The harbor is
of difficult access, dangerous, and full of rocks.
Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 28° 45' N.
Accadia, t. Naples, 20 m. N. Conzar,
Accar. See Akker.
Accelura, t. Naples, 19 m. S. S. E. Acerenza.
Accho, in Sac. Geog. a city of Galilee, on the
coast of the Mediterranean, about 32 m. S. of
Tyre, afterwards called Ptolemais, now Acre.
Accites, r. in Caraccas, S. America, which en-
ters the Oronoco.
Accoda, a small Dutch settlement on the Gold
Coast in the kingdom of Ahanta.
Accolorelto, t. Italy, in the papal duchy of Spo-
leto, 7 m. S. W. of Todi.
Accomac, co. Va. on the E. shore of Chesapeake
bay. Pop. 15,743. Chief t. Drummondtown.
^7 m. E. Richmond, 214 S. E '^Yajliington.
''ccovs, See Aeons,
A C H
15
W
Accumulo, t. Naples, 17 m. N, W. of Aquila.
Aceglio, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan.
Acere, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, in Pavia.
Acerenza, t. 80 m. E. of Naples.
Acemo, or Aciemo, t. Naples, 14 m. E. N. E. of
Salerno. Lon. 14° 50' E. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Acerra, t. Naples, 8 m. N. N. E. of Naples,
Ach. See Aach.
Acha, three small rivers in Bavaria. The first
falls into the Danube near Donawerth ; the second
a little above Ingolstadt ; while the tliird falls into
the Inn below Oettingen.
Achagua, Indians of New Granada, who dwell
in the plains of Guanare and Meta.
Achaia, in Sac. Geag. a province in the S. part
of Greece. Its capital was Corinth. The name is
used also in a broad sense, and is coupled with
Macedonia to denote all Greece.
Achasse, r. France, which falls into the Rhone.
Acheen, a kingdom occupying the N. W. ex-
tremity of the island of Sumati-a, and reaching
about 50 m. inland. Cattle, horses, and elephants
are numerous. Very fine gold dust is obtained in
this kingdom. The inhabitants are taller, stouter,
and more swartliy than the other Simiatrans ; they
are also more acute, intelligent, and industrious ;
but are accused of being of a base and treacher-
ous disposition. Their principal articles of trade
are gold, jewels, brimstone, betelnut, camphor,
and pepper. They import, opium, cloth, and
silks from Bengal; cutlery, gunpowder, arms, and
glass, besides other articles of less consequence-
Considerable trade is carried on, both with Euro-
peans and the Eastern nations ; but all goods pay a
duty to the king. The inhabitants are principally
Mahometans. An amicable traffic is at present
carried on with the British.
Acheen, the capital of the above kingdom, is on
a river about 2 m. from the sea. It contains 8,000
houses. A good deal of trade is carried on in
Acheen, and a number of vessels resort to it from
the coast of Coromandel and the Maldives. But
commerce is attended witli some embarrassment^
partly from the king being the principal merchant
of his state ; besides, on the arrival of cargoes,
twelve bales are taken from every hundred, as
king's duty. The country in the neighbourhood
of this city is in a higli state of cultivation, popu-
lous, and abounding in villages and hamlets. Pro-
visions of all kinds are both plentiful and cheap.
Lon. 95° 46' E. Lat 5° 36' N.
Acheen-head, a cape on the N. coast of Suma-
tra. Lon. 95° 40' E. Lat. 5° 26' N.
Achcl, a celebrated place of Hindoo supersti-
tion, in the district of Sirhind.
Achtl, t. Hindostan, 40 m. E. Seringapatam.
Achen-Achense, a lake in the Tyrol.
Achen, r. in the principality of Berchtolsga-
den.
Achen. See Achim.
Achenheim, v. France, dep. of the Lower
Rhine.
Achere-le-Marche, t. France, dep. of the Loiret.
Arherin, t. in the grand diichy of Baden.
Acheson* s Haven, v. Scotland, Haddingtonshire,
on the S. shore of tlie frith of Forth.
Acheux, t. France, 6 leagues N. E. Amiens.
Achiachica. See Angelos.
Achibamba, r. S. America, in tlie kingdom of
Quito, which enters the Amazon,
Achigan River, Lower Canada, which falls into^
the Assiimption, 12 m. from it^ mouth.
16
AGO
.^ chill, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 53"
38' N.
Achilty, lake Scotland, Rosshire.
Achim, the name of several small districts and
villages in the duchy of Bremen, and principality
of Wolfenbuttel.
Achira, t. on the frontiers of China.
Ackita, a city of Japan, on the N. W. coast
of the island of Niphon. Lon. 131° 38' E. Lat.
39° 10' N.
Achite, r. S. America, in the prov. of Guiana.
Achleuthen, t. in the archduchy of Austria, on
the Crems, 10 m. E. S. E. of Ems.
AchmetJia, in Sac. Geog. chief t. of Media, and
summer residence of the Persian monarch, now
called Ecbatana.
Achmim^ or Echmim, t. Upper Egypt, on the
left bank of the Nile. 200 m. S. of Cairo. Lon.
31° 55' E. Lat. 26° 40' N.
Achvmnein, v. Upper Egypt, 120 m. S. of Cai-
ro. Pop. 5,000.
Achol/ing, a market town with a castle, in Ba-
varia, district of Straubing.
Achonry.v. Ireland, 16 m. W. of Sligo.
Achor, in Sac. Geog. a valley near Jericho, E.
of Jordan.
Achorstmvn, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Achshaph, in Sac. Geog. a city at the foot of mt.
Tabor, in the tribe of Asher.
Achstede, t. Germany. 6 m. N. of Bremen.
Achtiar. See Sevastopol.
Achtirka, t. Russia, 40 m. W. S. W. of Charcov.
Pop. 12,818.
Achlube. See Aktuba.
Jlchtifrka. See Achtirka.
Achzib, in Sac. Geog. s.-p. of Palestine, in the
tribe of Asher, between Acre and Tyre, after-
wards called Ecdippa, and now Zib ; also the name
of a town ivi the tribe of Judah.
Aciar, t. of little Bukharia, 35 m. S. W. of Acus.
Acilu, t. Spain, in Biscay.
Ackchora, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 5 m.
W. of Scala Nova.
Acken, town, castle, and bailiwick, on the Elbe,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, 9 m. from Zerbst.
Lon. 12° 9' E. Lat. 51° 53' N. Pop. 2,529.
Acken. See Aix la Chapelle.
Ackerhutis, Ackersund, &c. See Aggero, &c.
Acklin's Keys, two islands in W. Indies. Lon.
74°30'W. Lat. 21° 53' N.
Ackrun, v. Holland, in W, Friesland.
Ackteran, v. Syria, 25 m. E. of Aleppo.
Ackworth, t. England, York shire, where there
is a benevolent institution for the children of Qua-
kers. Pop. 1,322.
Acletta, district of Switzerland, in the country
of the Grisons.
Acmetli, t. Persia, province of Schirvan, 6 ra.
N. of Baku.
Acoba, a small town in Portuguese Estremadu-
ra, 4 m. S. of Leiria,
Acobamba, t. of Angaraes, in Peru. Lon. 74°
32' W. Lat. 13° 16' S.
Acoda, a village on the Gold Coast of Africa,
near Cape Three Points.
Acola, t. in Sicily, which was almost annihilated
by an earthquake in 1693.
Acolastre, and Acoliru, two rivers of France,
which fall into the Loire, near Nevers.
Aconcagua, province of Chili, bounded on the
A C R
N. by Quillota, E. by the Andes, S. by Santiago,
and W. by Quillota. It produces grain, fruits,
and copper in abundance. Pop. 8,000.
Aconcagua, t. Chili, in Aconcagua province.
Aconcagua, r. S. America, which enters the Pa^
cific in 33° S. lat.
Acootan, one of the Aleutian or Fox islands.
Acores, a town of Portugal, in the province of
Beira, 8 m. N. E. of Guarda.
Acori, r. province of Para, in Brazil, which
falls into the Amazon.
Acos, t. in the province of Xauxa, in Peru.
Acourbie, v. Armenia, at the base of mt. Ararat.
Acoury, or Ackoru, t. Hind. 12 m. N. W. of At-
tock, on the Indus.
Acous, t. France, dep. of Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,600.
Acqua, t. Italy, 15 m. E. of Leghorn.
Acquabella, a cape on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Venice.
Acquadagna, t. Italy 14 m. S. of Urbino.
Acqua de Corsari, a harbour on the W. coast of
the island of Sardinia.
Acqua delta Fico, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra,
15 m. W. of Squillace.
Acqua-Kegra, t. Italy, in the duchy of Mantua,
2 m. N. N. E. of Caneto.
Acqua-Negra, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 3
m. W. of Cremona.
Acqimpendente, t. Italy, 55 N. N. W. of Rome.
Acquara, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 13
m. S. W. of Cangiano.
Acquaria, t. Italy, 18 m. S. W. of Modena.
Acquasco, p-v. Prince George's co. Md. 42 rt.
S. S. W. Annapolis, 38 S. E. Washington, on Pa-
tuxent r.
Acqxia-Sparta, t. Italy, 10 m. W. of Spoleto.
Acqua-Viva, t. Italy, in the marquisate of An-
cona, 10 m. N. E. of Ascoli.
Acqua-Viva, t. Italy, 8 m. from Rome.
Acqui, or Aqui, t. Italy, 17 m. S. S. W. of Ales-
sandria, and 44 S. E. of Turin. Pop. 6,660.
Acquino, t. Naples, prov. of Terra de Lavora.
Acquoi, V. Holland, Leerdam co.
Acra, t. Hindostan, district of CondapiUy.
Acra, or Megarisb Uzzier, t. Arabia, in the
province of Nedsjed, 60 m. N. of Hajar.
Acra, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
about 26 miles in length, and from 12 to 20 in
breadth. It is the most healthy situation of any
on this coast, and carries on the most extensive
trade, both with the Europeans and with tlie inte-
rior. Both the English and Dutch have forts at
Acra ; there is also a Danish fort. Lon. 0° 10'
W. Lat. 5° 31' N.
Acre, an ancient city of Palestine, a sea-port in
the pachalic of Acre, which extends from the
Mediterranean on the west to the river Jordan on
the east. Acre stands on a bay, in a situation
rendered unhealthy from the neighbouring marsh-
es. Severe distempers are therefore prevalent
during every summer ; and in 1760, no less than
7000 persons fell victims to the plague. The town
is small, but very populous and well fortified.
Some trade is carried on in the export of cotton,
and the import of rice ; but the harbor is bad,
though better than most others on the coast. Eu-
ropeans, however, enjoy much liberty, and a
great degree of respect, as well from the govarn-
mejat as the people, who are a mixture of Turks
ADA
ADD
i;
and Arabs. Population 18,000 or 20,000. This
city has been celebrated from remote antiquity.
During nearly two centuries it became the prin-
cipal theatre of the crusades. In March, 1799
<his city was besieged without success, by the
French, under Bonaparte. Since tlie siege,
the fortifications have been considerably enlarged.
Distant 23 m. N. N. W. of Jerusalem, 27 S. of
Tyre.
^crii r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Ta-
rento.
^m, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Acrijigton, t. England, Lancashire, 9 m. E. of
Blackburn. Pop.;3,266.
Jcris/ia, t. Sicily, in the Valdi Mazzara.
Acron, a division of the Fantee territory, on the
Gold Coast of Africa. The principal seaport is
Apam, 50 ra. E. N. E. of Cape Coast.
Acropoli. See AgropoU.
Acsa, two villages in Hungary ; one in Pest
CO. the other in Stuhlweissenburg co.
Acsad, three villages in Hungary ; one in Eis-
enburg co. ; another in Wesprim co. and the
third in Bihar co.
Acsu, t. in Natolia, 20 m. E. of Isnik.
Acsu, t. in Natolia, 16 m. S. E. of Bursa, and 35
S. W. of Isnik.
Acsu, t. Little Bukharia, 108 m. E. of Cash-
gar. Lon. 75° 15' E. Lat. 43° N.
Ada, t. Syria, 30 m. S. E. of Aleppo.
Adam, t. Persia, in the province of Azerbi-
jan, 120 m. N. of Tabriz.
Adas, t. Chinese Tartary, 60 m. N. E. of Tour-
tan, and 130N. \V. of Hami.
Adon, V. Eng. 5 m. from London.
Adon, t. Eng. Cheshire, on the Grand
Trunk Canal, 4 m. fr. Nantwich, 177 fr. London.
Adon, V. Ireland, Armagh co. 58 m. from
Dublin.
Adon, t. in Richelieu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada, E. of Montreal.
Adon, t. in Windham co. Vt.33 m. S. Windsor.
Pop. 245.
Adon, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 24 m. N. W. of
Boston. Pop. 885.
Adon-Burnell, v. Eng. 8 m. from Shrewsbury.
Adon-Trussel, t. Eng. Staffordshire.
Adon-Turiille, t. Eng. Gloucestershire.
Adopan, the capital of Actopan district, 23
leagues N. N. E. of Mexico.
Acvl, s-p. of St. Domingo, 8 m. S. S. W. of
Cape Francois ; another, 16 m, S. W, of Los
Cayes.
Acuma, r. Brazil, in the province of Seara.
AcumulL See Accumulo.
Acuragu, Angoras, or Camosin, r. Brazil, in
the province of Seara.
Acwodh, p-t. in Cheshire co. N. H. 36 m. W.
of Concord. Pop. 1,523.
Art/, t. France, dep. of Aisue.
Ada, t. Circassia, 15 m. N. of Anapa.
Ada, t. Natolia, 40 m. W, of Angora.
Adaes, i. Texas, 450 m. N. W. of N. Orleans.
Adaguesa, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Vero,
12 m. N. W. of Balbastro.
i Adair, t. Ireland, 8 m. S. W. of Limerick.
Adair, co. Ken, Chief t. Columbia. Pod.
6,011. Slaves 956.
I Adaja, r. in Spain, runs into the Dourc .
Adak, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon. 184°
^XE- Lat. 53° 40' N.
■B^c^a/ta, district, Egypt, 2 m. N. E. of Cairo.
IB 3
Adalguez, or Adalgimis, t. Kurdistan, on lake
Van, 15 m. E. of Aklat.
Adam, t. European Turkey, in Moldavia, 10
m.N. N.W.ofGalatz.
Adamancotta, t. Hind, in the Mysore.
Adamas, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. N. E. of
Cordova.
Adamow, t. in the kingdom of Poland.
Adampe, a territory on the Gold Coast of Africa,
extending from Acrato the Volta.
Adnmpore, t. in Bengal, district of Burdwan.
Adams, t. in Coos co. N. H. 64 m. N. of Con-
cord. Pop. 244.
Adams, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 29 m. N. Len-
ox. Pop. 1,763.
Adams, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. S. W. of Wa-
tertown, 166 m. W. N. W. of Albany. Pop. 1,386.
Adams, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Lan-
caster.
Adams, p-t. Dauphine co. Pa. 133^m. fr. Wash-
ing-ton city.
Adams, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland. Chief
t. Gettysburg. Pop. 15,152.
Adams, p-v. Hyde co. N. C. 153 m. S. E. Ra^
leigh.
Adams, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi r. Chief
towns, Natches and Washington. Pop. 10,002.
Slaves 5,671.
Adams, t. W^asiiington co. Ohio, on the Musk-
ingum, 10 m. N. Marietta. Pop. 020.
Adams, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, between Scioto
and Brown cos. Chief t. Westunion. Pop. in
1815, 10,415.
Adams, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois.
Adam's Bridge, a ledge of sand-banks between
the coast of Ceylon and Coromandel. I'he na-
tives of Ceylon believe that their island was the
original Paradise, and that Adam being expelled
from it, passed by this line of banks to the conti-
nent of India.
Adamsdorf, v. in the New Mark of Brandenburg,
3 m. E. of Lippehene.
Adamsfrei/heit, t. near New Feistrax, Bohemia.
Adam''s Peak, mt. Ceylon island, 60 m. N. E.
of Colombo.
Adam's Point, on the W. coast of N. America,
S. of the river Columbia. Lat. 46. 15. N.
Adamsladtl, a mining town of Bohemia.
Adamstown, v. Ireland, Wexford co.
Adamuz, t. Spain, near the Guadalquivir.
Adana, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the river Adana,
10 or 12 m. from the sea, 170 S. S. W. of Sivas,
and 150 S. E. of Konieh, Lon. 35° 6' E. Lat. 36°
59' N.
Adana, r. flows into the Mediterranean, Lon.
35° 17' E. Lat. 36° 48' N.
Adanad, t. Hind, in Malabar, 25 m. S. S. E. of
Calicut.
Adanaque or Andanaque, t. Kurdistan, on
the Deaal, which flows into the Tigris, N. of Bag-
dad.
Adasa, v. Abyssinia, 70 m. S. of Gondar.
Adat, t. Japan, Niphon island, 30 m. N. of Nam-
bu.
Adana, r. S. America, a branch of Orinoco.
Adauquiana, r. Guiana, branch of the Cauca
Addaveed, t. Hind. 10 m. W. of Combam.
Adaya, a harbour in Minorca.
Adoyes. See Mexicano Rircr,
Adborow, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Adda, a Danish fort, on the Gold Cos't of M
rica, at the mouth of the Rio \'olta.
18
A D E
ADM
Adda^ r. in Italy, runs through the Valteline in-
to the lake of Como, and joins the Po, near Cre-
mona.
Adda, V. Hungary, in Batsch co.
Addenbrook, Point, on the W. coast of N. Amer-
ica. Lon. 232° 8' E. Lat. 5P 30' N.
Adderburi/, t. Eng. Oxfordshire, 3 m. fr. Ban-
bury.
Addingham, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 6 m. fr. Skipton.
Addington, Cape, on the W. coaistofthe Prince
of Wales' 3 Archipelago. Lon. 226° 23' E. Lat.
55° 26' N.
Addison, t. Washington co. Maine, 15 m. W. of
Machias. Pop. 399.
Addison, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, and on
Otter Creek. Chief t. Vergennes. Pop. 19,993.
Addison, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham-
plain, 69 m. S. W. of MontpeUer, and 10 W,
Middlebury. Pop. 1,100.
Addispn, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. S. Bath.
Pop. 369.
Addison, t. Somerset co. Pa. W. S. W. of Har-
risburg. Pop. 678.
Addison, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 4 m.
N. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 410.
Adtbiau, t. in the grand duchy of Posen, 25 m S.
S. W. of Kalisch.
Adebuil, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Lu-
cerne, 7 m. N. W. of Lucerne.
Adeenagur, t. Cabul, 50 m. E. S. E. of Cabul.
Adeenapore, t. Hind. IV. of Lahore.
Adegem, t. Netherlands, 12 m. E. Bruges.
Adel or Adaiel, a territory of Africa, immediate-
ly S. E. of Abyssinia. It stretches from Zeila to
the Straits of Babelmandel, and is divided among
a number of war-like tribes, who carry on almost
perpetual war with Abyssinia. Zeila is the chief
town.
Adelberg, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. of Goppin-
gen.
Adelberg. See Adehberg.
Adelbordin, v. in the canton of Berne.
Adelebsen, in the principality of Calenberg, and
kingdom of Hanover.
Adekpsen. See Adelebsen.
Adelfors, t. Sweden, in Smaland. Lat. 57°
26' N.
Adelgians, See Adalgues.
Adellof, t. Sweden, prov. of Smaland. Lat. 58°
i'N.
Adelmannsfelden, t. of Wirtemberg, in Jaxt,
./idelnau, t. in the grand duchy of Posen.
Adelphi, four islands in the Grecian Archipela-
go in Lon. 24° 4' Lat. 39° 22'.
Adelphi, p-t Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E. Chili-
cothc.
Adelsberg, t. in Inner Carniola, between Lay-
bach and Fiumc, capital of a circle of the same
name 12 m. E. N. E. of Trieste.
Adelsberg, a market t. of Germany, in the duchy
dfNeuburg, now in the kingdom of Bavaria.
Adelsborn, a bailiwick, town, and castle of Ger-
many, in the district of Eichsfeld, 9 m. from Dud-
erstadt.
Adelsdorf, t. Silesia, in the circle of Goldberg,
and duchy of Leignitz.
Adelsheim, t. in the grand duchy of Baden.
Adelskofen, t. in the grand duchy of Baden
Adelsried, v. Bavaria, in Burgau. Pop. 520.
Aden, a small state of Arabia Felix, bounded S.
by the Indian ocean, W. and N. by the dominions
of the Imam of Yemen, and E. by the country of
Jafa.
Aden, s-p. cap. of the state of Aden, situa-
ted on the rocky peninsula in the S. W. extrem-
ity of Arabia, formerly the most opulent city of
Arabia. The surrounding country is fertile, and
could export gold, ivory, coffee, and gum. Lon.
45° 10' E. Lat. 12° 56' N.
Adendorf, a lordship in the grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, which belongs to Russia ; 8 m. fr.
Bonn.
Adenore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. of
Volconda.
Aderampar, t. Hind, in Travancore, 35 m.
N. E. of Porcah.
Aderberg. See Oderberg.
Aderborgt, t. in Hither Pomcrania, 9 m. N. W.
of Stettin.
Adercan, t. Persia, in Laristan, 60 m. N. E.
Lar.
Adercan, t. Persia, in Fars, 135 m. S. ofSchi-
raz.
Adercand, t. Great Bukharia, 40 m. S. W. of
Kojend.
Aderno, t. in Sicily, at the foot of Mount Etna.
Adervan, mt Persia, 60 m. N. E. of Shuster.
Adhergat, t. Syria, on the frontiers of Arabia.
Adjazze. See Ajaccio.
Adiconi, a port of Venezuela.
Adjerud, fortress, Eg}Tpt, 10 m. N. of Suez.
Adige, r. rises in the country of the Grisons, on
the borders of Tyrol, and runs into the gulf of Ven-
ice near the mouths of the Po. It passes by Ty-
rol, Brixon, Trent, V^erona, and Rovigo.
Adijiara, r. Great Bukliaria, flows into the
Harrct, opposite Arhenz.
Adilabad, t. in the Mahratta dominions, prov. of
IChandish, 20 m. S. of Boorhanpore.
Adinseik, t. in Natolia, 9 m. S. E. of Artald.
Adjodin, or Paukputtun, a city Hind, in Moul-
tan, on the river Setlege. Lon. 73° 30' E.
Lat. 30° 21' N.
Adioulta, v. Abyssinia, on the road from Dixaa
to Gondar.
Adirbeilzan. See Azerbijan.
Adjurie, isl. on the coast of Abyssinia.
Adlar, r. in Bohemia, which falls into the Elbe
near Koningsgratz.
Adlerberg, or Arlberg, one of the largest moun-
tains in Suabia,is strictly a branch of the Tyrolesc
Alps, and separates Suabia from Tyrol and the
country of the Grisons.
Adlerberg, a hill in Saltsburg, which produces
very fine copper.
Adlcrsberg. See Adelsberg.
Adlhobs, a famous mineral bath of Bavaria, in
the district of Traunstein.
Adlington, t. Eng. Cheshire, 5 m. from Mac-
clesfield.
Adlington, t. Eng. Lancashire 4 m. from
Wigan.
Adliswil, t. in the Swiss canton of Zurich.
Admah, in Sac. Geog. one of the towns destroyed
in the valley of Ziddim, and sunk in the dead sea.
Admiralty Bay, on the N. coast of Tavai Poen-
amoo, the most southern island of New Zealand,
between Cape Stephens and Cape Jackson.
Admiralty Island, an isl. discovered by the
Dutch, near Nova Zen-Ma, in the Frozen Ocean.
Admiralty Island, a It^ige isl. on the W. coast of
North America, between King George the Third's
Archipelago and the continent, about 180 m. in
circuit. Lon. 225° 10' to 226° 31' E. Lat. 57° 2'
to 58° 24' N.
Admiralty Islands, a number of small isl?. at the
ADR
entrance of Admiralty bay, New Zealand. Lon.
186° 2' W. Lat. 40° 48' S.
Admiralty Islands, a cluster of 20 or 30 islsands
in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by the Dutch
in 1816. Lat. 1° 58' 50". to 2° 20' S. The most
western island lies in lon. 143° 37' 38" E.
Admont, t. Upper Styria, with 260 houses,
and a custom-house, 6 m. N. E. of Rosenmann.
Admuncotta, t. Hind. 6 m. S. of Darampoory.
Ado, isl. Russia, in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the coast of Finland. Lon. 20° 14' E. Lat. 60°
19' N.
Adolfseck, t. Germany on the Aar, in the lord-
ship of Idstein, belonging to the duke of Nassau,
and 8 m. W. of the town of Idstein.
Adolfshausen, v. Wirtemberg, in the district of
the Juxt.
Adolphus, Point, on the N. coast of King George
the Third's Archipelago. Lon. 224° 28 i' E.
Lat. 58° 18' N."
Adohfurt, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rezat, 2 m. S. W. of Ochringen.
Adolzheim. See Alsheim.
Adorn, or Tfieton, t. on the Danube, in Hungary,
12 m. S.ofBuda.
Adorn, a small territory in the interior of the
Gold Coast of Africa.
Adoni, t. and district of Hind, in Golconda, 188
m. N. of Seringapatam, 130 S. W. of Hydrabad,
Adonis. See Eide.
Ador, r. France, dep. of Upper Loire.
Adorf, t. Saxony, on the Elster, near the fron-
tiers of Bohemia, 12 m. from Egra ; likewise a
town of Lower Bavaria, in the circle of the Iser,
and of a village, in the principality of Waldeck.
Adour, r. France, rises in the Pyrenees, and
runs into the bay of Biscay, 3 m. below Bayonne.
Adouy, t, Hungary, on the Danube.
Adowa, the capital of Tigre in Abyssinia, and
residence of the sovereign since the Galla gained
possession of Gondar. It has an extensive manu-
facture of cotton cloths, and is the channel of com-
munication between the coEist and the interior.
Cattle, corn, and salt, constitute their chief arti-
cles of barter. About a thousand slaves pass
through Adowa, to be shipped at Massuahand oth-
er ports on the Red sea. Lon. 39° 5' E. Lat. 14°
12'30"N.
Adra, t. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 45 m.
S. E. of Granada. Lon. 3° 10' E. Lat. 36° 4' N.
Adra, r. Spain in Granada, falls into the Med-
iterranean near the town of Adra.
Adra, r. Turkey in Europe, which joins the
Marizza at Adrianople.
Adra, t. Syria, 15 m. N. E. of Damascus.
Adragno, t. Sicily, in the Valdi Mazzara, 20
m. E. N. E. of Mazzara.
Adramiti, now Ydramit, t. in Natolia, on the
E. coast of the gulf of Adramiti.
Adramittium, in Sac. Geog. a city on the N. coast
of Africa, W. of Egypt ; also the name of a s-p. in
the province of Eolia, Asia-Minor, opposite the
isle of Lesbos.
Adrana, t. Persia, prov. of Irak.
Adrashofen, v. on Leutkirch-heath, in Suabia.
Adria, t. in Italy, on a peninsula foimed by the
river Tartaro and an arm of the Po, 15 m. E. of
Rovigo. Lon. 12° 2' E. Lat. 45° 2' N. Pop.
7,200.
Adriampaiam, t. Hind. 37 m. S. E. of Tanjore.
Adrianople, (called by the Turks Adranah,) on
the Marizza, in Eu. Turkey, 130 m. N. W. of
(Jomtajitinople, The M'oriryd. which i« nayiga-
A F F
19
ble to its embouchure in the Archipelago, pro-
motes materially both foreign and inland trade.
The principal naerchants are Greeks, Jews, and
Armenians, but the town is also inhabited by
Wallachians, Turla, and other oriental tribes. An
important branch of commerce is the wine and
fruit raised in the adjacent country. It still con-
tinues a favourite place of retreat with the sul-
tans. Pop. 100,000.
Adrianopoli. See Argyro Castro.
Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, a part of the
Mediterranean which extends from S. E. to N.
W. between Itsiy and Illyria, from lat. 40° to 45°
55' N. The ebb and flow of the tide, which is not
observable in other parts of the Mediterranean,
takes place daily in the shores of the Adriatic,
though in a much less degree than in the ocean.
Adrichoa. See Andrichoa.
Adshibey, a new fortress of Russia, on the coast
of the district of Oczakow.
Adshider, a fortress of Russia, iu the govern-
ment of Cherson, on the Dniester.
Adsjar, t. Arabia, on the S. side of the Persian
gulf. Lon. 48° 20' E. Lat. 26° 8' N.
Adullam, in Sac. Geog. t, of Palestine, in the tribe
of Judah, formerly the residence of a Canaanitish
king, and fortified by Rehoboam.
Adummim, or Adommim, in Sac. Geog. v. Pal-
estine, which once belonged to the tribe of Judah.
Adurieh, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 5 m. S. of
Cairo.
Adventure Bay, a spacious bay on the east coast
of Bruny's Isle, off Van Diemen's Land. Lon.
147° 30' E. Lat. 43° 20' S. See Bruny's Isle.
Adventure Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
144° 30' W. Lat. 17° 5' S.
Adzaneta, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 m. S. W. of
Pensicola.
Adzel, t. Russia, gov. of Riga, 20 m. S. W. of
Dorpat.
Adzerballig, v. Denmark, in duchy of Sleswick.
Adziud, or Atschud, t Europ. Turkey, in
Moldavia, 9 m. W. S. W. of Birlat.
Adzul, t. Europ. Turkey, in Wallachia, 5 m.
E. of Jalonitza, and 6 N. W. of Kirsova.
Aecmeili, v, Asia, on the Caspian, between
Baku and Sallian.
^gades Islands, (the Insula JEgnsm of the Ro-
mans) in the Mediterranean, W. of Sicily.
Aegelsfau-ick, s-p. Sweden, near Stockholm.
Aegery, lake of Switzerland, canton of Zug.
Aene, t. in Natolia, 12 m. from Bonarbashy.
Aerlinspach, v. Switzerland, canton of Soleure.
Aemen, t. Switzerland, in the Valais.
Aeron, r. Wales, runs into Cardigan Bay.
Ae.rschott, or Arschot, t. Netherlands, 7 m. N.
E. of Louvain, 20 S. E. of Antwerp.
Aerskaia, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 60 m. N. W.
ofTara.
Aesch, V. Switzerland, canton of Bale ; another
in the canton of Zurich.
Aeschy, v. of Switzerland, canton of Berne,
5 m. S. E. Spietz ; another in canton of Soleure.
Afdim, Afdimu, Aitimo, or Audimo, v. of Cy-
prus, 16 m. W. of Baffa.
Affalterbach, v. Wirtemberg.
4^a/-, t. Arabia, country of Yemen.
J^arli, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Marizza, 45 ra.
S. E. of Philipopoli.
Affleck's Canal, inlet in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 226° 19' E. Lat. 56° 7'N.
Affnoo, a caravan station between Fezzao and
Tombuctoo, 120 ra. N. E. of Tombuct^.
•0
A G A
A G M
Afghanistnn, a C(5nsidcrable kingdom, between
Persia and Hindostan, bounded E. by the Indus, .
N. by a range of lolty mountains, separating it
from Bulkh and Budukhshan, W. by Persia, Herat
being its frontier town, and S. by Baloochistan. It
lies between 29° and 36° N. lat. and 61° and 71°
E. Ion. comprehending the ancient kingdoms of
Zabulistan (Ghizne and Kandahar) and Kabulis-
tan. The inhabitants of this country are in gener-
al Mahometans of tlie Soony sect. They are a
generous, hospitable, and brave people, but illit-
erate, ferocious, and seditious. Their army is
principally composed of well mounted cavalry ;
they have also some artillery, and a few corps of
infantry armed with swords and matchloclcs. Ma-
ny of the districts are still inhabited by the abori-
ginal Hindoos. The towns are mostly inhabited
by Hindoos of the Punjab, st Mahometans of Per-
sian or Mogul descent ; but in Kabul there are
persons from all parts of the East. The population
is supposed not to exceed 3,000,000. The gov-
ernment is despotic ; but the Afghams being divi-
ded into clans, the authority of the sovereign is
not often exercised over them. Kandaliar icas the
capital, but it has been ti-ansferred to Kabul.
Africa, one of the four great quai-ters of the
world. It is the third in magnitude, and probably
in population, though it is less known, and has
fewer political relations with Europe, than either
Asia or America. It forms a peninsula, connected
witli Asia by the isthmus of Suez. It is bounded
on the N. by the Mediterranean, W. by the Atlan-
tic, E. by the Red sea and the Indian ocean. Its
greatest length from Cape Serra to Cape Aguilhas,
includes from about the 37th ° of N. to the 35th
of S. lat. and its greatest breadth from Cape Verd
to Cape Guardafui, about the IBth ° of W. to the
61st of E. Ion. It is 4320 m. long, and 4140 broad.
Africa is distinguished from the other quarters of
the world by its immense sand deserts. The Sa-
hara, or the great Desert, occupies a large pro-
portion of Africa, N. of the mountains of the Moon.
Very little is known about the interior of Africa.
Few travellers have penetrated that burning re-
gion. The population has been commonly estim-
ated at 150,000,000 ; Hassel estimates it at about
99,000,000, and the square miles at 11,652,412.
The principal rivers, are the Nile, Niger, Sene-
gal, Gambia, and Congo or Zaire. The principal
ranges of mountains are the Mountains of the
Moon and the Mount Atlas chain. The principal
exports are slaves and gold. The internal com-
merce is carried on almost entirely by caravans.
Africa is divided into 1. Northern Africa, or the
countries N. of the tropic of Cancer ; 2. Southern
Africa, or the countries south of the tropic of Cap-
ricorn ; 3. Eastern Africa, or the countries lying
on the east coast between the tropic of Cancer
and the tropic of Capricorn ; 4. Western Africa,
or the countries on the west coast between the
tropics ; 5. Central Africa, or the countries in the
interior between these four divisions.
Africa, seaport, 90 m. S. E. of Tunis.
Afsdasors, t. Sweden, in Dalecariia.
Aflan, r. Arabia, runs into the Persian gulf,
.>jm.S.E.ofEl-Catif.
Afva, isl. in the Baltic, between the island Aa-
iand and the coast of Finland.
Afveslad, t. Sweden, in Daiecarlia, on the
Dal-Elf, not far from Fahlun.
AfwUiwara, district of Lapland, in Tomea-Lapp-
raark.
Agadeep, t. in Bengal, 14 m. S. of Plasscy.
Agadeer, or Santa Cruz, the most southern port
in the empire of Morocco.
Agades, a large town in the interior of Africa,
between Fozzan and Cassina, the capital of a
kingdom called Asben.
Agajik, v. Pei-sia, prov. of Azerbijan.
Agakemal, t. Persia, prov. of Irak, 35 m. S. of
Cashan.
Agalicpour, r. Syria, flows into the Mediter-
ranean, 12 irt. S. S. W. of Scanderoon.
Agama, s-p. on the isl. of Cyprus, 25 m. N. Baffa.
Aganis, isl. on the E. coast of Ceylon.
Agapia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia.
Agara, t. Asiatic Turkey in the pachalic of
Sivas, 7 m. W. of Tocat.
Agaree, a caravan station in the desert of Sa-
hara, between Gadanus and Cassina.
Agaron, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 15 m. N. W.
Tiagar.
Agarum, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 6 m. E. S. E. of
Bangalore.
Agastoboli, or Agatoboli. See Athaboli.
Agalhenburg, t. in duchy of Bremen, Germany.
Agalhon, t. on N. coast of isl. of Cjnprus.
Agatfumisi, isl. 3 m. S. of the isle of Samos.
Agaton. See Gatton.
Agattoo, one of the Aleutian islands, 20 m. E. of
Attoo.
Agaicam, p-v. Hampden co. Mass. 2 m. S. W. of
Springfield.
Agawam, the name of Westfield r. towards its
mouth.
Agde, t. France, dep. of Herault, 8 leagues S.
W. of Montpelier. Pop.' 7,200.
Agea, t Persia, 100 m. E. of Ispahan
Ageda, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira.
Agen, t. Fi-ance, chief town in the dep. of Lot
and Garonne, 30 leagues S. E. of Bordeaux. Pop.
10,834.
Ager, t Spain, in Catalonia.
Agercile, t. Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
Agcrola, t. Naples in Principato Citra.
Aggerhuns, or Christiania, the most southerly
of the four bishoprics of Norway. Also, a royal
bailiwick on the west side of the gulf of Christiania,
three miles from the iown of that name,
Aggeroe, isl, in the gulf of Christiania.
Aggersu7id, isl. in the Cattegat.
Aggi, r. Persia, which flows into the Ara?.
Aggisu, t. Asiatic Turkey, gov. of Mosul.
Aghadoe, v. Ireland, 3 m. N. N. W. of Kil-
larney.
Agheh, t. on the coast of the Black Sea.
Aghisi. See Agveh.
Aghnish, Paint, on W. coast of Ireland, in Gal-
way CO. Lat. £3° 8' N.
Aghor, r. Periia, prov. of Mekran, runs into
the Indian ocean, near Cape Arubah.
Aghrim, v. Ireland, 28 m. E. of Galway.
Aghris, cape of Ireland, 11m. W. of Sligo.
Agia Laura, t, Eu, Turkey, 19 m, S. E. of
Saloniki.
Agimeer. See Ajmeer.
Agioi Saranta, t. in Candia, 16 m. S. of Settia.
Agioi Saranto, t. of Eu. Turkey, on the coast op-
posite the island of Corfu.
Agioloi Bassardseck, t. Eu. Turkey, 127 N.
E. of Adrian ople.
Aglnr. See Aquileia.
Aglie, t, Italy, in Piedmont, 7 m, S, W, o''
Ivrea,
Aglish, V. Ireland, Waterford co.
Agmet, t. Africa, 18 m. S. E. of 3Iorocco.
A G U
AgnadeUo, t, Italy, duchy of Milan, 12 m. N. of
Lodi.
Ag'nana, t. Spain, prov. of Biscay.
Agniadello. See AgnadeMo.
Agno, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W. of Lugano.
Agnoua, t. Italy, in Piedmont.
Agnoue, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra.
Agoas de Moura, t. Portugal, in Estremadura.
Agoas (Juentas, t. Portugal in Estremadura,
21 m.E. N. E.ofAbrantes.
Agomiso, isl. in Hudson's bay, N. N. E. from
Albany fort.
Agon, t. France, dep.of LaManche.
Agoona, district on Gold Coast of Africa.
Agosta, isl. in the Adriatic, off Dalmatia.
Agosta, t. on coast of Sicily, 18 m. N. of Syra-
cuse, Pop. 1.5,000.
Agot, isl. in the English channel, near the coast
ef France.
Agou, or Agoen, isl. Sweden. Lat. 61° 32' N.
Agows, a remarkable people of Abyssinia, inhab-
iting a territory to the east of the sources of the
Bahr-el-Azrek, or Abyssinian Nile. So late as
the 17th century, they were converted to Chris-
tianity. Their language is entirely diffierent from
the Abyssinian, and is said by Mr. Salt to bear a
resemblance to some of the English country dia-
lects.
Agra, province of Hind, bounded N. by Delhi, S.
by Malwaff, E. by Oude and AUaliabad, and W.
by Ajmeer.
Agra, city, cap. of the above province, and
seat of the British civil authority ; is on the river
Jumna, 800 m. N. W. Calcutta. It was formerly
the residence of the great Mogul, but is now in a
ruinous state. About the middle of the 16th cen-
tury the emperor Akbar built here a palace and
an extensive fort of red free stone, and changed its
name to Akbarabad. In 1803, it was captured
by the British army from the Mahrattas. In 1813,
under the direction of the Church Missionary
Society, the Rev. Dr. Corrie arrived here
with Abdool Messee, a native convert ; the jour-
nal of whose proceedings has excited so widely
a zealous concern for the success of Missions in
India. The Society possess a building, called the
Kuttra, where Abdool resides, and where worship
is held. In 18 months, about 50 persons witli
their children, embraced the Christian religion.
Some of them were Fakeers, or Rehgious Mendi-
cants ; 6 were Mahometans of the first respecta-
bility ; the rest were of the labouring classes of
the people. Schools are opened in the Kuttra
and in three other places, and ahout 100 Heathen
and Mahometan children attend them. The con-
verts are poor, but chiefly support themselves, the
men by weaving, and the women by spinning.
Agragansk, fortress of Asiatic Russia, on the
Caspian, 65 rn. N. of Derbend.
Agramont, t. Spain, in Catalonia.
Agrimonti, t. Naples, prov. of Basilicata.
Agropoli, t. Naples, 22 m. S. S. E. of Salerno.
Agua, Cape, Spain, on coast of Murcia.
Agua de Peixes, t. Portugal, 15 m. S. of Evora.
Agua, seaport on the Gold Coast of Africa.
Aguacugua, t. Guiana, on the Caroni.
Aguada, point, at the mouthof thegulfof Darien.
Agiutlulco, t. New Spain, 17 leagues W. of
Guadalaxara.
Aguas Calientes, city of New Spain, 140 leagues
N. N. W. of Mexico, and 35 of Guadalaxara.
Aguatulco, s-p. Guaxaca. on *th^ Pacific. Lat.
15° 44' N,
A I B
21
Agveh, t. in Natolia, on the Black sea ; 10 m,
E. ofErekli.
Agueira, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira, 21 m.
E, N. E. ofLamego.
Aguignan, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Aguilar, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. S. W. of
Estella.
Aguilar, t. Spain, 32 m. S. of Cordova.
Aguilar del Campo, t. Spain, 40 m. N. W. of
Burgos.
Aguirra, r. in Guiana, falls into the Orinoco,
at its mouth.
Agurande, t. France, dep. of the Indre.
Alianta, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
bounded on the west by Appollonia, on the east by
the Fantee territories. It is the richest district
upon this coast.
Ahdun, t. Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. Candahar,
Aher, t. Persia, 20 m. N. of Tabris.
Altkooly, t. Hind, in the Mysore.
Ahlden, t. Hanover, on the river Leine.
Allien, t. Wirtemberg, 40 m. N. W. of Augs-
burg.
Ahmedabad, capital of the province of Gujerat
in Hind, on the Sabermaty, which falls into the
gulf of Cambay. One of the best fortified cities in
Hindostan.
Ahmedpore, t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 m. S. of
Cuttack.
Ahpmoojeenee-Gamook, lake in Maine, N. of
Moosehead lake, discharges its waters by the
river St. John into the bay of Fundy.
Ahr, t. Persia, in Azei'bijan, 39 m. N. of Ar-
debil.
Ahrberg, t. in Germany, in the Bavarian circle
of the Rezat, 3m.S. W. of Ohrenban.
Ahrenfels, v. 17 m.N. N. W. of Coblentz.
Ahrensburg, v. Denmai'k, duchy of Holstein,
13 m. from Hamburg.
Ahrweiler, t. Germany, Lon. 70° 3' E. Lat.
50° 25' N.
Ahsa, t. Persia, in Kerman, 60 m. N. W. of
Kabis.
Ahsa. See Lachsa.
Ahtareen, t. Syria, 16 m. N. of Aleppo.
Ahter, t. of Agra, in Hind, on the Chumbul.
Ahuille, t France, dep. of the Mayenne.
Ahun, t. France, dep. of Creuse, 6 m. S. S.
E. of Christianstadt.
Ahuu-an, t. of Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. of Dame-
gan.
Ahwas, Ahuazi, or Ilavisa, t. of Persia, in K\iz-
istan, 40 m. N. of Bussorah.
Ahwas River. See Karasu.
At, in Sac. Geog. a city 9 m. N. E. of Jerusalem,
on the N. border of the tribe of Benjamin.
Aja, Cape, the south point of the Crimea.
Ajaccio, or Ajazzo, the capital of Corsica, and
the birth place of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Aia-Ka-La, fort Armenia, 60 m. W. of Erivan.
Ajan, the nanae of the eastern coast of Africa,
from Cape Guardafui to Magdasho.
Aiandum, i. in Natoha, 24 m. W. S. W. of Sinob.
Aias,t. Turkestan, 45 m. N. E. of Turkestan.
Aias, t. in Natolia, 25 m. W. of Angora.
Aias, s-p. Turkey, 20 m. N. of Scanderoon.
Lon. 36° 5' E. Lat. 36° 45' N.
Aiasaluck, v. Asia Minor, in Natolia, 39 m. S.
of Smyrna, 2 W of Ephesus.
Aiash, t. in Natolia, 32 m. W. of Angora.
Aiasmati, t. in Natolia, 12 m. W. of Bei^amo.
Aibecca, t. Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
AUfHng, t m Bararia, 22 rji. S. E. of Munich,
22
A J M
Aichaeh, t. Bavaria, 12 m. E. N. E. Augsburg.
Aichherg. See Egenburg.
jiichlberg, t. Carinthia, 12 m. W. S. W. of Vil-
lach.
Jlichstetlein, t. Bavaria. Pop. 1,380.
Aichstetlen, t. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500.
Aidab^ port on the Red sea, Lat. 22° 12' N.
Aidinshick, t. in Natolia, on the sea of Marmora.
Aidona, t. Sicily, 4 m. N. E. of Piazza.
Ajello, t. Naples, prov. of Abruzzo Ultra.
Aieta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Ajetlo, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Aigen, t. Austria, 105 m. W. of Vienna.
Aigeridiah, t. in Cyprus, 18 m. S. S. W. Fama-
gusta.
Aighton, t. Eng. Lancashire.
Aiglande, t. France, dep. La Manche.
Aigle, or Hals, t. Switz. 36 m. E. N. E. of Geneva.
Aiglc, promontory on the coast of France, be-
tween Marseilles and Toulon.
r Aigle, t. France, dep. of the Orne, 14 leagues
N. E. of Alen9on.
r Aigle, r. France, falls into the Loire.
Aignai, or Aigney-le-Duc, t. France, dep. of
Cote d'Or, 10 leagues N. W. Dijon.
Aignan, or Agnan, i. France, dep. of Gers.
Aigre, t. France, dep. of Chareute, 7 leagues
N. W. Angouleme.
Aigre-Fuille, t. France, dep. Lower Charente.
Aigremont, a strong castle of the Netherlands,
in the principality of Liege.
Aigucbelle, t. France, dep. of Drome.
Aiguebello, t. Savoy, 6 leagues E. of Chamberry.
Aiguelles, t, France, dep. of the Upper Alps.
Jligu-Perse, t. France, dep. of Puy de Dome.
Aigues, r. France, falls into the Rhone near Or-
ange.
Aiguts-Mortes, t. I'rance, dep. of the Gard, 7
leagues S. S. W. of Nismes.
Aigues-Vives, t. France, 12 m. S. W. of Nismes.
Aigues-Vives, t. France, dep. of Indre and
Loire.
Aiguillon, t. France, at the conflux of the Lot
and Garonne.
Aiguines, t. France, dep. of Var, 16 m. N. E. of
Barjois.
Aijalon, in Sac. Geog. t. assigned to the Levites
i« the tribe of Dan, between Timnah and Beth-
shemeth ; also, t. in the tribe of Zebulon.
Aijaltan, t. Syria, 35 m. S. of Tripoli.
Ajighur, t. Hind. 25 m. E. of Chatterpore.
Ajilmul, t. of Agra, in Hind. 25 m. W. Cawn-
pore.
AiJces, t Transylvania, 18 m. N. E. Clausen-
burg.
Aikmane, r. Palestine, runs into the Mediterra-
nean 9 m. N. of Acre.
Aiko, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia.
Allah, t. Arabia Petraea, called Elaeh, in Scrip-
ture, 108 m. E. of Su£jz.
Ailingen, v. Wirtemberg, near lake Constance.
Aillas. t. France, dep. of Gironde, 6 m. N. E.
of Bazas.
Ailweslon, i. England, Huntington co.
Aimaraez, prov. Peru, W. of Cotabamba.
Aimargucs, t. France, 3i leagues from Nismes.
Ajmccr, or Rajpootana, an extensive province
in tiie centre of Hindostan, bounded N. by Delhi
and Moultan, S. by Malwa and Gujerat, E. by
Delhi and Agra, and VV. by Sinde.
Ajmeer, city, cap. of the above. Lon. 74° 48'
Lat. 26° 35' N. Near it is a remarkable place of
Hindoo superstition, called Phokur, or Poo'shkur,
A I S
it being a common saying, that all the pilgrima-
ges of the world are of no avail, without bathing
in the waters of Phokur. In 1819, a Baptist mis-
sionary was sent here to establish schools cis a
means of introducing the Gospel.
Aimoutie.r, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne, 5
leagues S. E. St. Leonard.
Ain, a department of France, bordering on Sa-
voy and Switzerland. Pop. 322,608.
Ainabachti, See Lepanto.
Ainade, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut.
Ain-asel, Ain-bartha, Ain-beseeze, Ain-dilla,
Ain-el-graab, Ain-gitrain, Ain on Heide, Ain-
mylsa, Ain-el-irab, Ain-lhyllah; villages in the
south of Algiers, near the Sahara.
Ain-charin, v. Palestine, 5 m. fr. Jerusalem.
Aincreville, t. France, dep. of Meuse, 3 m. S.
W. Dun.
Ain-dain, r. France, falls into the Rhone, above
Lyons.
Ain-gebel, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40
m. S. W. of Mosul.
Ain-haroof, t. Syria, 150 m. S. S. E. of Aleppo.
Ain-musa, or el Aayon-moussa, the wells of Mo-
ses, Arabia, 10 m. fr. Suez.
Ainduren, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,100.
Aine-boli, t. Natolia, on the Black sea.
Aine-ghul, t. Natolia, 13 m. S. of AUasheer.
Aineh-ghul, t. Natolia, 30 m. S. S. E. of Bursa,
Ainhour, t. Syria, 8 m. S. Balbec.
Ainimoaso, t. Wallachia, N. W. of Tergovitz.
Ainod, castle and lordship on the river Gurk in
Carniola, 5 m. N. W. Rudolfswerth.
Ainos, or Ainus, aborigines of JesEO and
Saghalien, commonly called Wild Kuriles. For-
merly they were an independent nation, waging
wars with the Japanese, even so lately as the 17th
century; but have been subdued by that nation.
Ainsa, t. Spain, in Arragon, 18 m. N. Balbas-
tro.
Ainsworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Aintab, t. Syria, 40 m. N. of Aleppo, 130 S. W
Diarbekir.
Aintree, t. England, 6 m. from Liverpool.
AJo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Ajoam, t. Persia, prov. of Fars.
AJos, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia.
Ajos, V. Paraguay, 24 leagues E. Assumption.
Aios Constantinos, t. Candia, 32 m. S. E. Canea
Aiotitlan, v. Mexico, in Guadalcixara, on the
Pacific.
Aiou, a group of Islands. Lon. 131° 10' E.
Lat. 0° 24' N.
Air. See Ayr.
Air, t. Bedford co. Pa. S. W. Harrisburg. Pop.
1,179.
Airagues, t. France, dep. of the mouths of the
Rhone, 13^ leagues N. W. of Aix.
Airano, t. Italy, 10 m. S. E. of Como.
Airdrie, t. Scotland, 12 m. E. of Glasgow.
Aire, t. France, dep. of the Landes, 9 leagues
N. N. E. of Pau, and 22 S. S. E. of Bordeaux.
Air, or Arien, t. France, dep. of Pas de Calais,
13 m. fr. St. Omer.
Airolo, Airola, Ertels, or Orient, v. Switz. can-
to n of Ticino, 21 m. S. Altorff.
Airon, r. France, which runs into the Loire.
Airlh, t. Scotland, 8 m. fr. Stirling.
Airvaux, or Airvault, t. France, dep. of Deux
Sevres, 14 leagues N. E. of Niort. Pop, 2,070.
Aisa, t, Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. N, Jaca.
Aisch, V. Bavaria, 12 m. S. Bamberg.
Aise, r. France, joins the Orae, above Caen.
A I X
^i^ise. See Asse.
Aiseau, a marquisate and village in the Neth-
*?rlands, 3 m. E. S. E. of Chatelet
Ajsedabad, t. Persia, in the province of Irak, 65
m. N. N. E. of Hamadan.
Aiska, t. Japan, in isl. of Niphon, 40 m. S. E. of
Jetsen.
Aislingen, t. Bavaria, 4 m. S. of Dillingen.
Aismunderli/, t. England, in Yorkshire, near
Rippon. Pop. 521.
Aisne, a dep. of France, consisting of portions of
the Isle de France, Champagne, and Picardy.
Pop. 432,237. Chief trade in grain.
Aisne, or Aine, r. France, which, after a course
of 40 leagues, Unites with the Oise, near Com-
peigne.
Aistersheim, t. in Upper Austria, near Hag.
Aiterhofen, market t, Bavaria, circle of the
Regen, district Straubing, with 100 houses.
Ailraeh, v. in the lordship of Suabia, onthelUer,
7 miles S. W. of Memmingen. Pop. 610.
Aiuda. There are two villages of this name in
Brazil, one in Pernambuco, on the sea-coast, at the
mouth of St. Miguel r. the other in Puento Leguns.
Ajukzernuck, t. ol Great Bukharia, 6 miles N.
W. Cogend.
Aix, a small isl. France, near Rochefort. Lat.
46° 5' N.
Aix, city of France, formerly capital of Prov-
ence, now in the dep. of the mouths of the Rhone.
It is on a plain, N. of the Arc ; 16 leagues S. E. of
Avignon, 7 N. of Marseilles, and 163 S. by E. of
Paris. Pop. 26,900. It is one of the oldest towns in
France ; built 120 years before the Christian era,
and received the name of AqucE Sextcp, from its fa-
mous springs. The chapel ofNotre Dame del'Espe-
rance is much frequented by the pious Catholics.
Aix, t. in Savoy, 12 m. N. of Chamberry, cele-
brated for its warm baths. Pop. 1,600. Lon. 5°
48' E. Lat. 45° 40' N.
Aixe, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne. Pop.
2,160. 4 m. from Limoges.
Aix-en-Othe, t. France, dep. of the Aube. Pop.
1,570. 4 leagues W. S. W. Troyes.
Aix-la-Chapelle, t. in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, between Juliers and Lim-
burg. The French give it the name of Aix-
la-Chapelle, from the circumstance of Char-
lemagne's having built here a chapel appro-
priated to a convent of nuns, and frequently re-
sorted to for his own devotions. It is divided into
the inner and outer town. In 1807, it had 3,080
houses, 27,164 inhabitants. It was long the fa-
vourite residence of Charlemagne, and for some
time the capital of his empire ; hence it was long
customary to hold here the coronation of the em-
perors of Germ;iny. Its baths, seven in number,
issue from five springs, and are much celebrated.
They are much resorted to in time of peace. This
city held the second rank among the imperial
towns of Westphalia. Two celebrated treaties of
peace have here been concluded; one in 1668
between France and Spain, the other in 1748 be-
tween the different powers engaged in the war of
the Austrian succession. It was entered by the
French troope in 1794, and remained in the hands
of France till the fall of Bonaparte, a period of
20 years, during which it was the capital of the
dep. of the Roer, and the head of an arrondisse-
ment. It now belongs to Prussia. 25 m. N. E.
Liege, 36 S.W. of Cologne. Lon.5°54'E. Lat.
" 52' N.
A K K
33
II
Aizenay, t. France, dep. of Vendee, 15 leagues
N. W. Fontenoy. Pop. 3,500.
Aizey-lc-Duc, t. and barony of France, dep. ol"
Cote d'Or, 9 leagues N. W. of Dijon.
Akai, t. Japan, isl. of Niphon, 60 m. S. W. of
IVfeaco.
Akahike. See Akiska.
Akamapet, t. Hindostan, in the Carnatic, 25 m,
S. E. Calastri.
Akanimina, t. on the Ivory Coast of Guinea,
near cape ApoUonia, |ths of a league from the
shoi'e. The anchorage is good ; and gold dust and
ivory are procured here.
Akara, t. of the Arabian Irak, a pachalic of
Bagdad, 10 m. S. E. Sura.
Akasaka, t. of Japan, on the S. coast of the isL
of Niphon, The houses, according to Kaempfer^
are larger than those even of Jeddo the capital. It
also contains some elegant inns. 100 m. E. Meaco,
140 W. S. W. Jeddo.
Akasi, t. Japan, on the S. coast of the isl. of
Niphon, intersected by a broad and deep riven
Here the governor resides.
Akast, t. Arabia, 70 m. E. of Jerusalem.
Akato, t. Japan, isl. of Niphon, 36 m. W. of
Meaco.
Akbar-abad. See Agra.
Akbar-nagur. See Rajemal.
Akbeik-baba, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia,
20 m. N.W.ofEskishehr.
Akdasch, t. of Persia, prov. of Schirvan, on the
banks of Kur. it has 300 houses, 30 m. S. W. of
Schamaghi.
Akebur, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Tigris,
30 m. N.W.Bagdad.
Akelo, t. in Romania, on the Black sea.
Akermann, fort, Russia, in Bessarabia, on
the Black sea, at the mouth of the Dneister.
68 m. S. W. of Oczakow, 65 S. E. of Bender.
Lon. 31° 14' E. Lat. 46° 8' N.
Akersloot, v. in Holland. Pop. 840. 5 m,
S. of Alkmaer.
Akcrs-Skepslag, a maritime district of Sweden,
in Upland.
Akhisar, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the site of the
ancient Thyatira, 40 m. S. E. of Pergamo. Lon,
27° 49' E. Lat. 38° 15' N.
Aki, t. Japan, in the W. of the isl. of Niphon.
Akili, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on the
Black sea, 25 m. E. N. E. of Constantinople.
Akiska, Aghahighe, or Ghahig, province, A.
Turkey, in Armenia, on the S. W. confines of
Georgia. It is a fertile and populous country, and its
mountains contain the richest minerals. The
town is open, and without fortifications, but has a
strong and lofty castle. Its inhabitants al'c of various
nations, Armenians, Turks, Jews, and Christians,
and carry on an active trade with Battum, a port
on the Black sea, 100 miles distant. I3esides
mosques it contains two churches for the Chris-
tians ; and the Jews have a synagogue. 90 m. N.
N. W, of Erivan, 100 S. W. of Teffis.
Akka, a station of Lower Suse, S. of Morocco,
bordering on the desert of Sahara. It is the ren-
dezvous of the caravans from all parts of Moroc-
co, whence they proceed across the desert to Tom-
buctoo. Pop. 10,000, including the vicinity.
Akkably, a station in the district of Tuat, on the
caravan route between Gadamis and Tombuctoo,
Akhas, t. of Russia, in Finland. Lon. 23° 39'
E. Lat. 61° 11' N.
Akker, t. of Syria, pachalic of Tripoli, on Mount
24
ALA
ALA
Bargylus, supposed to be the Ker mentioned in
scripture. 30 m. E. of Tripoli, 66 N. W. of Da-
mascus.
JJkkia, isl, in the North sea near the west coast
of E. Greenland. Lon. 46° W. Lat. 60° 38' N.
Akleh, t. of Syria, on the confines of the desert,
30 m. S. E. of Aleppo.
Jllcmetschet, or Akmedsgjid, t. in the plain of the
Crimea, in Russian Taurida, on the galf of Ne-
gropila, with a road for vessels.
Mini, one of the Aleutian islands.
Jiko, t. of Japan, on the coast of Niphon isl.
Akschinsk, v. Russian Tartary, inDauria, near
the Amur, on the bank of the Onon. The fortress
was built in 1756, and is one of a chain of posts on
this part of the Russian fiontier. Long. 132° E.
Lat. 50° N.
Akserai, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, has
150 houses, 60 m. N. E of Konieh.
Akshehr, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on the
eastern base of the mountain Akshehr, from which
streams descend which form a rivulet in almost
every street. From this town are exported to
Smyrna fine carpets, wool, wax, gum, tragacanth,
and galls. The numerous gardens in the neigh-
bourhood contain all the fruits and legumes of
Europe, besides many peculiar to the climate.
60 m. S. S. E. Karaliissar.
Aksheshehr, t. AsiaticTurkey, in Natolia, on the
Black sea; 90 m. E. of Constantinople, Lon. 31°
10' E. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Aksicat, t. of Turkestan. Lon. 66° 30' E. Lat.
42°12'N.
Aksor, V. of Egypt, on part of the site of an-
cient Thebes.
Msuma, t. Turkestan, 60 m. N. E. Taraz.
Mtala, t. Georgia, 70 m. S. Tefflis.
Aktuba, r. of Asiatic Russia, issuing from the
Volga, and rejoining it before falling into the Cas-
pian sea. From the abundance of mulberry trees
on its banks, the Russians established colonies
here to make silk.
Akunpore, t. Hindostan, 15 m. E. S, E. Fyza-
bad.
Akurla, t. Persian Armenia, 27 m. S. S. E. Eri-
van.
Muian, one of the Aleutian islands.
Ala, market t. on the Adige, principality of
Trent, belonging to Austria. Pop. 4,000.
Alabama, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ten-
nessee; E. by Georgia; S. by Florida, and the
Gulf of Mexico ; W. by Mississippi. A large
portion of the state still belongs to the Indians.
Sq. miles, 44,000. Pop. in ] 810 less than 10,000 ;
in 1816, 29,683 ; in 1818, 70,495. Cahawba is
the seat of government. The land on the coast is
low and level ; as you proceed into the interior it
becomes hilly, and in the north it is in some places
mountainous. The soil is generally fertile, par-
ticularly on the banks of the rivers. The lands
between the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, are
among the best in the state. Cotton is the staple
production, and the great article of export. —
Blakely and Mobile are the principal ports. The
Creek Indians occupy the S. E. part of the state ;
the Cherokees, the N. E. the Choctaws, the S. W,
and the Chickasaws, the N. W.
Alabama, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on Alaba-
ma river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson.
Alabama, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed
by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and
flowing S. S. W. unites with the Tombigbee to
form Mobile river 45 miles from the head of Mo-
bile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the
Cahawba, 210 miles, it has 4 or 5 feet water ; and
from the mouth of the Cahawba to the forks of the
Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest
places. - Jl
Alabaster, or Eleuthera, one of the Bahama isl- H
ands, on the great Bahama bank. The climate is i
healthy. It produces pine-apples for exportation.
There is a small fort and garrison on tlie island.
Lon. 76° 22' to 76° 56' W. Lat. 24° 40' to 26°
30' N.
Alach, a bailiwick, Germany, in Erfurt, has 13
villages, 9 of which are Lutheran.
Alachua Savannah, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. St.
Augustine, 50 miles in circumference, without a
tree or bush, but is encircled with hills, covered
with forests, and orange groves, on a very rich soil.
The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the
borders of this savannah ; but the Indians remov-
ed to Cuscowilla, two miles distant, on account of
the unhealthiness of the former site.
Alacranes, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals,
and banks, S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opposite
the coast of Yucatan, east from Stone Bank, and
west from Cape St. Antonio. N. Lat. 23°, bet.
89° and 91° W. Long. Navigators pass round
them, though there are some good channels and
soundings.
Aladjiam, t. in Natolia, on the Black sea. Lat.
41° 40' N.
Aladine Islands, in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Siam, extending from 9° 5' to 9° 40' N.
Lat.
Aladulia, prov. of Asiatic Turkey, N. of Syria
and the Mediterranean, and E. of Caramania;
principal towns, Adana, Marasch, and Malatia.
Alaflaro, t. of Russia, in Finland, 34 m. N. N.
E. of Abo.
Alagao, t. on the S. coast of St. Michael's, the
largest of the Azores, 8 m. E. of Delgada.
Alajarvi, t. Russia, in Finland, circle of Wasa,
from which town it is distant 60 m. to the E.
Lon. 2.3° 41' E. Lat. 62° 39' N.
Alaid, a lofty peak, in the sea of Okhotsk, which ^
first began to emit smoke in 1790, and blazed vio-
lently in 1793 ; 20 m. N. W. of Cape Lopatka.
Alairac, t. of France, in dep. of the Aude ; has
80 houses.
Alais, Alets, or Ales, a populous t. in France, dep.
of the Gard, 13i leagues N. Montpelier ; trades in
grain, olives, oil, wine, silk, and in the manufac-
tures of its territory. Pop. 80,000. Lon. 4° E.
Lat. 44° 8' N.
Alaku, t. Persia, in the prov. of Azerbijan, 50
m. N. W. of Tabris.
Alam, t. France, dep. of Upper Garonne ; hous-
es about 100 ; 7 leagues N. E. St. Bertrand.
Alamagan, or Conception Islajid, one of the
Ladrones, 18 m. in circuit. Lat. 18° 10' N.
Alamos real de los, v. of Mexico, in Cinaloa, S.
E. of the Sierra Madre, surrounded by rich silver
mines.
Alan, Point, or Cape, W. coast of N. America,
gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 54' E. Lat. 48° 2' N.
Alanche, t. of France, dep. of the Cantal. Pop.
2,500. 4 leagues W. S. W. of Mercosur.
Aland, isl. in the Baltic, near the point of meet-
ing of the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, between
the coasts of Finland and Upland in Sweden, is 40
m. long, 30 broad; has 8 par-ishes, and 11,260 in-
habitants ; and was ceded to Russia, 1809. Lon,
20° E. Lat. 60° 18' N.
Alangi, city, province of Veraguay.
ALB
Alanieh, t. of Asiatic Turkey, on the site of tlie
Sncient Coracesium, in Cilicia. In this poi'1 pi-
rates were shut up by Pompey and compelled to
iurrender ; 110 m. S. S. W. of Konieh, Lon. 21°
29' E. Lat. 36°34'N.
Mapacw, t. Asiatic Russia, the capital of the
^v. of Perm. Pop. 1,000. 80 m. N. N. E.
Ekaterinbur-. Lon. 61° 14' E. Lat. 56° N,
Alara, t. isl. of Majorca, 9 m. N. N. E. Palma.
Pop. 2,400.
Alarcow, t. Spain, New Castile, on a rock, 42
leagues S. B. Madrid, has 200 houses.
Aim, t. W. coast o{ Sumatra. Lon. 102° 35'
E. Lat. 4° 15' N.
Alasey Mountains.) a ridge in Asiatic Russia,
which divides the sources of Omecon and Kovima
rivers, and terminates on the Frozen ocean.
Alassac, or Alassoc, t. France, dep. of the Cor-
reze, 12 m. W. Tulle. Pop, 3,160.
Alass Strait, between the islands of Lomboc
and Sumbawa in the Eastern sea.
Alata, V. of Mahometans, on the Abyssinian
Nile, near its source. Near it is the third cataract
on the river, which is of extraordinary gi'andeur.
35 m. S. S. W. Gondar.
Alatamaha, r. Georgia ; formed by the union of
the Oconee and Oakmulgee. It runs S. E. and
empties into the Atlantic by several mouths, be-
tween Sapelo and St. Simond's islands, 60 miles
S. W. of Savannah. It is navigable for vessels of
30 tons, as far as Milledgevillc on the Oconee
branch, 300 miles from the ocean. The bar at
the mouth has 14 feet at low water.
Alatri, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, on
H hill, 40 m. E. S. E. Rome. Lon. 13° 14' E. Lat.
41° 43' N.
Alatyr, t. Asiatic Russia, government of Sin-
birsk, at the confluence of the Alatyr with the
Sura; 102 m. from Sinbirsk. Lon. 46° 14' E.
Lat. 54° 45' N.
Alata, one of the three subdivisions of Biscay.
Alava, the S. point of the isl. Revilla Gigedo, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 228° 59' E. Lat. 35°
6'N.
Alavieska, t Sweden, in E. Bothnia, 30 m. S.
Brahestad. Lon. 24° 13' E. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Alaro, t. Russia, in Finland, 60 m. S. E. Wa-
sa. Lon. 23° 26' E. Lat. 62° 35' N.
Alauch, t. France, dep. of mouths of the Rhone,
5 m. N. E. Marseilles.
Alausi, province of Quito, S. America, moun-
taunous, but pleasant and fertile.
Alausi, ca)). of the above province. It manu-
factures cloths, baizes, and cotton garments. Lon.
78°39'W. Lat. 2° 12' N.
Alausi, r. of Quito, S. America, flows down the
W. side of the Cordilleras, into the bay of Quay,
aquil.
Alai/or, chief t. in a district of the isl. Minorca,
i3 m. from Mahon,
Alazeia, or Alazey, r. Siberia, runs into the
Frozen ocean. Lon. 142° 14' E, Lat. 72° 40' N.
Alasieskoi, settlement, Siberia, on Alasey river,
50 m. W. N. W. Nischney Kovinskoi. Lon. 144° 14'
E. Lat. 69° 40' N. About 66 miles distant, the
river, in washing away the banks, exposed the
remains of a mammoth.
Alb, r. Germany, falls into the Rhine, 5 m. W.
N. W. Durlach,
Alb, r. Suabia, empties into the Rhine at Muhl-
berg.
Alba, t, Italy, in Piedmont, on Tsparo r. Pop.
ALB
25
9,650. 18 m. S. E. Turin. Lon. 1^ 50' E. Lat.
44° 40' N.
Alba, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 17 ni. S. A.
quila.
Albacete, or Cetide, trading t. Spain, in a plain,
in Murcia. Pop. 7 or 8,000. The value of the
saffron yearly is between 6 and 7,000/. Here
corn and oil are raised ; and a cattle market is
held. 80 m. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 2° 2' W.
Lat. 38° 51' N.
Albacina, t. Italy, in the Marca d'Arcona, 10
m. W. N. W. Talentino.
Alback, t. Kurdistan, 50 m. S. S. E. Van, 110 S.
W. Tabriz.
Albaladejo, t. Spain, province of Cuenca, 18 ni.
S. Cuenca.
Albalale, co. Spain, in Valencia.
Alban, t. France, dep. of the Tarn, 16 m. E.
Alby.
Albanasir. See Albarrasin.
Albania, a large province, in European
Turkey, on the E. side of the Adriatic and the
Ionian sea. It comprehends ancient Illyria and
Epirus. It is 135 miles long, and 70 to 90 in
breadth. It yields wine, oil, and corn, and the
mountains are covered with forests. Opposite the
coast are the Ionian Isles.
Alhanilicorio, t. isl. Samos, 9 m. W. Cora.
Albano, t. Italy, in Lombardy, on Seris r. 5 m.
E. Bergamo.
Albano, t. Naples, in Otranto, 4 m. W. N. W.
Ostuni.
Albano, t. Italy, Campagnadi Roma, resorted to
on pleasure excursions by the inliabitants of
Rome, in spring and harvest. The country i?
appropriate to the culture of the vine. Here, is
an aqueduct of the Romans to carry off" the wa-
ter of the Lake. In this neighbourhood was the
combat between the Horatii and Curiatii. 14 m,
S. S. E. Rome.
Albanopolis, or Albanopoli, t. of Turkey, on Dri-
no r. in Albania, 43 m. E. Alesio.
Albany, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. N. W^. Paris.
Pop. 165.
Albany, p-t. Orleafts co. Vt. 40 m. N. N. E.
Montpelier.
Albany, co. N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 34,661.
Chief t. Albany.
Albany, city, Albany co. N. Y. on W. bank of
the Hudson, 160 m. N. of New- York ; 30 N. of
Hudson; 170 W. of Boston, and 230 S. of Mon-
treal. Pop. 9,356. It is the seat of government,
and in population, wealth, and commerce, the
second city in the state. It is finely situated for
commerce, at the head of sloop navigation on the
Hudson, and the canals now in progress will soon
connect it with Lake Champlain and Lake Erie.
The city is supplied with excellent water from a
spring 5 miles distant, by an aqueduct which con-
veys it to every house. Among the public build-
ings are a stone state house, and an elegant acade-
my of red free stone, ^ jail, 4 banks, and 11 houses
for public worship. A large portion of the inliabi-
tants are of Dutch origin.
Albany, t. Berlts co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. Pop.
995.
Albany, r. North America, which falls into
James' bay, lon. 84° 30' W. lat. 51° 30' N. runs
N. E. through a chain of small lakes, from the S.
end of Winnipeg lake. The British fort is on the
river, in lon. 87° 20' W. Lat. 53° 10' N.
Albarojda, t. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S, F.
Verona,
26
ALB
ALB
Albaretlo, t. Italy, in Piedmont, subject to the
king of Sardinia.
Albaricoques, Point of the, on the N. coast of
tlie isl. St. Domingo, between the Trau d'Enfers
and Cape Bourbon.
Albaroux, t. France, dep. of the Vaucluse. Pop.
800.
Aibarrasin^ t. Spain, province of Arragon, on
the Guadalaviar, environed by hills, and on the
frontiers of Valencia and of New Castile. Pop.
1,800. It has some iron works; fine Arragon
wool is produced in its environs. 5 leagues W.
Teruel, 100 E. Madrid. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat.
40°34'N.
Albarregas, r. S. America, New Granada, de-
scends from the mountains of Bogota, and runs into
the lake Maracaibo.
, Albas, t, France, dep. of the Lot, 9 m. W. Ca-
hors.
Albasano, t. European Turkey, in Albania, 45
m. E. S. E. Durazzo, 130 S. W. Sophia. Lon. 20°
15'E. Lat 41° 30' N.
A'bafross, Pomf, New Zealand. Lon. 184° 42'
W. Lat. 38° 4' S.
Albatross, Isl. on the N. of Van Diemen's land.
Lon, 144° 41' E. Lat. 40° 25' S.
Albaxen, v. Germany, in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 3 m. N. Corvey.
Albay, t. on the E. side of the isle of Lucon.
Lon. 123° 50' E. Lat. 13° 17' N.
Albay, a volcanic mountain in the isl. Lucon,
subject to frequent eruptions ; one in 1814, laid
waste the province, and destroyed thousands of
the inhabitants.
Albayda, or Alvelda, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 6
m. from Lograno
Albazin, or Jacsa, fort on the N. side of Amur
r. now demolished. Lat. 53° N.
Albe, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m. S. A-
quila.
Albe, r. France, runs into the Sarre, at Sarre-
alb, dep. of the Moselle.
Albe, r. Hanover, principality of Luneburg,
falls into tlie AUer, near Rethem.
Albccuj t. Spain, in (Catalonia, 6 m. S. S. W.
Lerida.
Albeck, t kingdom of Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. E.
Ulm.
Albegna, r. Middle Italy, runs into lake Orbi-
tello, by a canal.
Albekirk, t. Holland, 4 m. S. W. Medemblick.
Albell, r. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
Joins a branch of the Rhine near Furstenau.
Albemarle, t. France, in Upper Normandy, now
commonly called Auynale.
Albemarle, co. Va. near the centre of the state.
Chief t. Charlottesville. Fop. 18,268.
Albemarle Sound, on the coast of N. Carolina, in
the N. E. part of the state, is 60 miles long from
E. to W. and from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the
Chowan, Roanoke, and several smaller rivers. It
communicates with Pamlico bound and the Ocean
by several narrow inlete, and with Chesapeake
bay by a canal cut through Dismal Swamp.
Alben, market t. Carniola, in the circle of Adels-
burg, 2 m. N. W. Czirknitz, on a mountain.
Albcnga, or Albengua, i. on the coast of Genoa,
30 m. S\ W. Genoa.
Albenque, t. France, dep. of the Lot, the head
of a canton, 8 leagues N. N. E. Montauban. Pop.
3,920.
Albenreuth, Old and Jfexc, villages, in Bavaria.
Here are mines of cobalt and iron works.
Alberche, r. Spain, province of Toledo, falls into
the Tagus a little above Talavera de la Reyne.
On its banks a battle was fought by lord Welling-
ton in 1809.
Alberone, t. Naples, province of Capitauata^ 8
m. S. S. E. Volturara. *♦
Alberri, inlet of N. Pacific ocean, on the S. W.
coast of Quadra and Vancouver islands. Lon. 235*^
25' E. Lat. 49° N.
Alberschwende, or Alberschwerde, v. Austrian
empire, Bregentz co. Pop. 1,000.
'Alberstroff, t. France, in Lorrainfe, 95 leagues
E. S. E. ofMetz.
Albertshausen, v. Bavaria, principality of
Wurtzburg, 6 m. fr. Wurtzburg.
Alberishofen, v. Bavaria, principality of Wurtz-
burg, on the Maine, 2 m. fr. Kitzingen.
Albessti, market t. Walachia, 10 m. N. E. Bu-
charest,
Albi, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 6 m. W.
Celano.
Albi, or Alvie, t. Savoy, district of Genevois, 7
leagues N. Chamberry.
Albiani, s-p. Guinea, on the Ivory coast
Albiania Cape, on the N. W. extremity of the
isl. of Cyprus. Lon. 32° 18' E. Lat. 35° 10'
N.
Albias, V. France, 2h leagues N. N. E. of Mon-
tauban.
Albin, or Aubin, t. France, dep. of the Avey-
ron. Pop. 3,150. 8 leagues N. W. Rhodez.
Albino, V. Italy, in tlie Lombardo- Venetian
kingdom, district of Bergamasco.
Albion, a name given to Great Britain.
Albirshausen, or Albershansen,, v. Wirtemburg,
baliwick of Goppingen. Pop. 740.
Albis, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W, Zurich.
Albisheim, v. Germany, duchy of Nassau. Pop.
C50.
Albisola, v. Italy, 5 m. N. W, of Savona.
Alblasserdamm, v. S. Holland, at the entrance of
Alblass r. into the sea. Pop. 21,00.
Albli7igen, V. Switzerland, canton of Fribourg,
at the conflux of the Schwarzwassenandthe Sense.
Albona or Alrona, t. Austrian empire, in Istria,
in the gulf of Carnero, on a rising ground near
the mouth of Arsa r. 16 m. E. Rovigno.
Albonnal, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. E. N. E.
Motril.
Albor, t. on the coast of Portugal, in Algarve,
3 m. E. Lagos.
Albor, isl. N. Atlantic ocean, one of the Baha-
mas, between Neque and St. Salvador.
Alboran, isl. in the Mediterranean, bet. Capode
Gata in Spain, and Capode Tres Forcas in Africa.
Alboran, isl. N. Africa, near Melilla, on the
coast of Fez. Lon. 2° 32' W. Lat. 36° N,
Albourn, t, and parish, Eng. Wiltshire, on a riv-
er running into the Kennet. Pop. 1,260. 7 m. fr.
Marlborough, 73 fr. London.
Albouzeme,, s-p. Morocco, near its E. frontiers.
Lon. 2° 54' E. Lat. 35° 10' N.
Albraham, t. En?. Chester co. near the canal,
14 m. fr. Chester. 'Pop. 333.
Albrechtaw, t. Prussia, prov.of Oberland, 20 m.
E. Marienwerder.
Albrechis, Alberts, or Andemcrs, v. Henneberg
CO. Pop. 740. 2 m. N. Suhlara.
Albreda, v. W. Africa on the Gambia, kingdom
of Barra, where the French have a factory. Pop.
7,000.
Albert or Lebret, t. France, dep. of the Landes,
Pop. 1,000.
A L C
A L C
Albrighton, hamlet, Eng. Salop co. 4 m. ir.
Shrewsbury.
Albrights, p-t. Orange co. N. C.
Albesee, lake near the castle of Hohen-Schwan-
gau, Bavaria, on the confines of the Tyrol.
Albufeira, t. Portugal, prov. Algarve, on the S.
coast, bet. Faro and Lagos. Pop. l,90Ci, 12 m.
E. Villa-Nova de Portimao.
Albufera, a salt-water lalce S. of Valencia, in
Spain, the overflowings of the sea. It supplies Va-
lencia with fish.
Albuglet, V. Egypt, on the W. branch of the
Nile, 10 m. S. Damietta.
Albuhat, t. Egypt, near lake Menzaleh, 56 m.
S. E. Damietta.
Albula, or Albach, r. Switzerland, canton of the
Orisons, falls into the Rhine near Tussis.
Albumu:las, t. Spain, in Granada, 12 m. E.
Alhama.
Albuola, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 8 m. S. Polenza.
Albuquerque, t. castle, and domain, in Spanish
Estremadura, on the frontiers of Portugal, bet.
Elvas and Alcantara. Pop. 5,500. 20 m. N. Ba-
Albuquerque, t. New Mexico, on the Rio del
Norte. Pop. 6,000.
Albuquerque, Santa Rosa de, v. Mexico, where
the duties on the silver mines of the district of Co-
lotlan are paid.
Alburg, p-t. and port of entry. Grand Isle co.
Vt. 40 m. N. BurUngton. Pop. 1,106.
Alby, or AM, t. France, dep. of the Tarn. Pop.
9,860 ; on the left bank of Tarn r. 12 leagues S.
W. Rhodez, and 15 N, E. Toulouse. On the side
next Montauban is the village Chateauvieux, one
of the suburbs. The promenade, La Lice, is very
beautiful. The archiepiscopal palace on the
banks of the Tarn, affords an extensive prospect.
The organ of the cathedral is one of the finest in
France. The manufactures are linen and wool-
Jen stuffs, baize, and serge. Lon. 2° 13' E. Lat.
43° 55' N.
Alby, V. Eng. York co. the Roman Derventcs ;
10 m, N. E. York.
Alcacar de Guete, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20
m. fr. Cuenca.
Alcacar de San Juan, t. Spain, in New Castile,
43 m. S. E. Toledo.
A/cacer-do-Sal, L Portuguese Estremadura, on
Caldao r. 38 m. S. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8° 22' W.
Lat. 38° 22' N.
Alcacovas (As) t. Portugal, in Alenteio, 14 m. S.
W. Evora.
Alcala de Gisvert, or Xibert, t. Spain, in Valen-
cia, 15 leagues fr. Murviedro. Pop. 3,600.
Alcala de Guadayra, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 12
ai. N, E. Seville.
Alcala de Henares, t. Spain, in Toledo, 15 m. E.
of Madrid. Pop. 5,000. It contains 3 parish
churches, 28 cloisters for both sexes, 4 hospitals,
and a university of 24 colleges, founded by cardi-
nal Ximenes, in 1499. After Salamanca, it was
the seminar)' in greatest repute in Spain. That
splendid edition of the Bible, The Biblia Complu-
tensia, so called, from Complutum, the ancient
name of this town, was put to press in 1512, and
completed in 1517.
Alcala de los Gazules, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10
m. E. N. E. Medina Sidonia,
Alcala del Rio, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the
Guadalquivcr, 6 m. above Seville.
Alcala la Real, t. Spain, on a high elevation in
Andalusia, 9 leagues fr. Jaen. It contains a. rich
abbey. Pop. 8,000 or 9,000. Lon. 4° 10' W. Lat.
37° 43' N.
Alcamo, t. and co. Sicily, in the Val di Mazza-
ra, 1 league fr. the gulf Castele-a-Mure, 25 m. S.
W. Palermo.
Alcanede, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 19 m. S.
W. Thomar.
Alcaniz, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Guada-
loupe, 46 m. S. E. Saragossa.
Alcanizas, v. Spain, in Lfeon, 27 m. W. Zamora.
Alcantara, t. Alcantard, a district in Spanish
Estremadura, on the Tagus, which is here cross-
ed by an old Roman stone bridge. Its walls, bas-
tions, and other works, are kept with care, as it is
a frontier town. The trade is in wool and cloth.
Pop. 3,000. 130 m. W. S. W. Madrid. Lon. 6°
43' W. Lat. 39° 40' N.
Alcantara, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
Tagus, near Lisbon. It hasa royal palace, with
beautiful gardens, grottos, and artificial fountains.
Alcantara, or Alcantarilla, t. Spain, in Seville,
near Guadalquiver r. The Roman bridge across
the marshes formed by the river, is still remain-
ing. It was shut in at each side with a gate, over
which was a tower. 14 m. S. Seville.
Alcantara, t. Brazil, in Maranham, on the bay
St. Marcos, opposite the isl. Mai'anham. It is a
thriving place, and its importance increases rap-
idly, as the lands in the neighbourhood are in re-
quest for cotton plantations. It has a stone quay
for small craft.
Alcantarca, S. Antonio de, t. Brazil, in Mar-
anham ; also, a village in Chili.
Alcantarilla, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 15 m. E.
Villa Nova de Portimao.
Alcaraceios, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the E.
bank of the Guad'alquiver.
Alcarai, r. Buenos Ayres, S. America, falls into
the Plata.
Alcaras, t. Spain, in La Mancha, on a mountain
in the Campo di Montiel, near the source of the
Guadamena. Pop. 3,300. 54 m. E. Ciudad
Real, 105 S. S. E.Madrid.
Alcaras, v. Spain, in Catalonia, 2 leagues fr.
Lerida.
Alcaria, t. Spain, in Biscay, 9 m. E. Vittoria.
Alcat races, isl. Pacific ocean. Lon. 102° 30' W«
Lat. 16° 3' N.
Alcatraces, isl. 1 of the islands N. of St. Domingo.
Alcatras, isl. off the W. coast of Africa, S. of the
Rio Grande. Lon. 14° 20' W. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Alcaudete, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues E.
S. E. of Cordova, and 9 W Jaen.
Alcazar Sequer, t. Morocco, W. Ceuta,
Alcazar-quiher, t. Morocco, on Sucos r. 20 m.
fr. the sea ; the spot where Don Sebastian lost his
life, in his expedition against the Moors.
Alcester, or Alncester, t. Eng. Warwick co. at
confluence of the Aln and Arrow, engaged in
needle making. Pop. 1,862. 8. m. N. W Strat-
ford on Avon, 102 N. W. London.
Alchaphah, mountain of Syria, 18 m. W. Anta-
kia.
Alcken, V. Prussian gi-and duchy of the Lower
Rhine, on the Moselle. Pop. 275. 9 m. S. W.
Coblentz.
Alckmaer, or Alckmaar, chief t. N. Holland. Pop,
10,000. They trade in corn, cheese, butter, flow-
er-roots, and seeds. A canal leads through it to
unite the Zuyderzee with the North sea. 24 m.
N.N. W. Amsterdam.
Akmaa; isl. in the Eastern sea, neir the coast o^
Java,
38
A L D
x\ L E
Alcniaer, isl. South Pacific, on the N. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 133° 46' E. Lat. 3° 53' S.
Akoa, r. Portuguese Estremadura, flows into
the Atlantic.
Alcobaca, t. Portuguese Estremadura, near the
sea, 17 m. S. S. W, Leiria,
AlcGcer, t. Spain, province of La Mancha.
Akoentre, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 17 m. S.
W. Santarem.
Alcohete, t. with a castle, Portuguese Estrema-
dura, on the Tagus, opposite Lisbon.
AkoleUy t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal-
quiver, 6 m. N. of Carmona ; also, a place on the
Cinca, in Arragon, 15 m. S.Balbastro.
Akomicem, or Akorucen, t. Spain, province of
Granada.
Akonbury-Weston, t, Eng. Huntingdon co. Pop.
288. 63 m, fr. London.
Akonckel, fort of Portugal, in Estremadura, on
the Alcaraque, 12 m. S. Olivenza.
Akora, t, Spain, in Valencia, near the sea and
the river Mijares. Here are the best manufac-
tures of earthen ware in the kingdom.
Akorcon, t. Spain, in New Castile, 2 leagues fr.
Madrid.
Akoroches, v. Spain, in New Castile, province
ofCuenca.
Akovendtty v. Spain, in New Castile, 10 m. N.
Madrid.
Akoutini, t. and castle, of Portugal, in Algarve,
on the frontiers of Alentejo. Pop. 1,000. 20 m.
N. N. E. Tavira. Lon. 7° 24' W. Lat. 37° 26' N.
Akoi/f t. Spain, in Valencia, with manufactures
of cloth, soap, and paper. It has fruitful environs.
Pop. 10,000. 20 m. N. Alicante.
Akudia, t, in theN. E. part of the isl. of Major-
ca, opposite to Minorca. Pop. 1,000.
Akudia de Carkf, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop.
2,000. 5 leagues S. Valencia.
AkuezoTj t. Spain, in the province of Arragon,
12 m. N. Balbastro.
Aid, r. England, Suffolk co.
Aldan, r. Siberia, rises on the confines of China,
and joins the Lena in lon. 128° 20' E. lat. 63» 25'
N. On its banks in Yakutzk, the finest sables are
obtained.
Aldborough, s-p. Eng. Suffolk co, on the Aid,
with a quay for fishing vessels. Pop. 1,067. 3 m.
fr. Oxford, 94 fr. London.
Aldborough, or Aldbrough, t. Eng. North Riding
of Yorkshire. Pop. 461. 7 m. fr. Richmond.
Aldborough, t Eng. West Riding of Yorksliire,
on the Ouse, the Roman Isurium Briganitium ;
Roman antiqtiities are still discovered here. Pop.
464. 1 m. fr. Boroughbridgc, 208 fr. London.
Aldborough, t. Middlesex co. Up, Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Aldburi/, V. and parish of Eng. Hertfordshire,
Pop. 566.
Aide, or Olde, isl. on the coast of Norway. Lon.
5° 10' E, Lat. 61° 25' N.
Aldea de Araguria, t, Brazil, government of
Goyas, on the Toccantins. Lon. 49° 46' W. Lat.
10° 20' S.
Aldea de Carajas, t. Brazil, on the Negro, 170
m. W. Fort Rio Negro.
Aldea de Curua-ram. t. Brazil, government of
Goyas. Lon. 52° 51' \V. Lat. 12" 10' S,
Aldea del Espiritu Santo, v. Brazil, province of
Todos Santos, at the mouth of Joana r. ; also, a
village in Seregippe, at the entrance of Real r.
Aldea dos Indios, t. Brazil, 10 m. S. Ilheos.
Aldea el Mu/v, or Aldea del Pcco. t. Spain in Old
Castiie, the Augustobriga of Ptolemy, 6 m. E
Soria,
Aldea J^ueva, v. Spain on the Ambroz. Pop. 1,500 ;
a few leagues from Placenzia.
Aldea JVuera, v. Spain, in Old Castile, district
of Rioga,
Aldea de Panuco, t Brazil, in Goyas, 255 m, N.
Villa Boa,
Aldea del Rio, v, Spain, in Andalusia, 4 leagues
from Anduxar.
Aldea de Sahante de Cux, t. Brazil, in Goyas.
300 m. N, Villa Boa.
Aldea de Tapuyas, t. Brazil, 300 m. S. W, St.
Salvador.
Aldego, r. Upper Italy, runs into the Adige, bet.
Zerpano and Albaredo.
Aldekerk, v. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 600, It has manufactures of silk,
ribbons, linens, and other stuffs.
Aldenah, t% Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 20 m. S, Cologne, 30 N. W. Coblentz.
Aldenberg, t. Prussia, grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 12 m, N. E, Cologne.
Aldenburg, t, Germany, duchy of Anhalt Bern-
burg, 4 ni, N. Bernburg.
Aldenham, v. and parish, Eng. Hertfordshire,
1 m. E. of the Cohae. Pop. 1,015. 2 m. N. E.
Watfoi-d.
Aldenhoren, t. grand duchy of the Lower Rhine.
Pop. 1 ,050. 3 m. W. S. W. Juliers.
Alderburgh, t. Eng, Wiltshire, near the Avon
and Salisbury canal. It has a manufactory of fus-
tian. Pop. 448. 3 m. fr. Salisbury, 77 fr, Lon-
don.
Alderholm, isl. Sweden, in Norrland, formed by
three branches of Gefle r. 80 m. N, Stockholm.
Alderley Superior and Alderley Inferior, two
townships Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 985. 5 m. from
Macclesfield, 172 fr, London,
Aldemey, isl, of Great Britain in the English
channel, 7 m, fr. Cape la Hogue, in Normandy
The intermediate channel, called the Race of Al-
derney, is of dangerous navigation in stormj-
weather. The island forms part of a chain extend-
ing to the Caskets, whereon a light-house has been
erected lately. Pop, 1,300, 18 m. N. E. Guern-
sey.
Aldei-ney, J^Tew. See Ourry''s Island.
Aldershott, hamlet, Eng. Southampton co. 3 m.
fr. Farnham, 41 fr. London. Pop. 498,
Alde.ya de Aialha, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m.
S. of Arronches.
Aldeya Gallega, t. Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, opposite Lisbon.
Aldeya Gallega dt Merciana, t. Portuguese Es-
tremadura, district of Alanguer.
Aldford, t. Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 391. 6. m. fr.
Chester, 174 fr. London.
Aldie, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 m. N. W. Wash-
ington.
Aldingen, t. Wirtemburg. Pop. 900.
Aldingen on the Baar, v. in the kingdom of Wir-
temberg, 5 m. E. N. E. Stutgard,
Aldoma, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Okhotsk.
at Aldomish bay,
Aldstone Moor, or Alstone Moor, t, and parish of
Eng. Cumberland co. on a hill, at the bottom of
which is the river Tyne, crossed by a stone bridge.
About 1,100 men are employed in its lead mines.
Pop, 5,079, 1 1 m, fr. Hexham, 19 fr. Penrith, 302
fr. London.
Alece, r. Calabria Ultra, in Naples, falls into
the sea near Cape Spartivento.
ALE
Jkfcora, t. isl. of Cyprus, 10 m. S. Baffa.
Alegre, t. France, dep. of the Upper Loire.
Pop. 900. 18 leagues S. S. E. Clermont-Ferand.
Jilegrete, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7^ m. S. E.
Fortalegre.
Alegria de Dulanci, t. Spain, in Biscay, 3
leagues fr. Tolosa.
Akkiam, v. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 36 m. S.
Sevrihissar.
Akksefskoi, t. Asiatic Russia, 90 m. S. S. E.
Sinbirsk. Lon. 50° 14' E. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Akksiepskoc, t. Asiatic Russia, 110 m. N. E.
Saratof.
Akmann, r. Switzerland, falls into the lake of
Geneva.
Akmbaddy, or Meambaddy, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
toor, 74 m. E. S. E. Seringapatam.
Akmpane, or Allamparva, fort of Hind, on the
sea-coast of the Carnatic, 67 m. S. W. Madras.
Alen, t. Prussian grand duch)' of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 760 ; on the Weser, 13 m. S. S. E.
Munster.
Akn. r. Hanover, in Calenberg, falls into the
Weser, near Lippoldesberg.
Aknby, t. Norway, 50 m. S. Drontheim.
Akncon, t. Lower Normandy, cap. of the de-
partment of the Orne. The suburbs are St. Blaise,
Casau, Montsor, La Barre, and Lancret. Pop.
13,234. Its trade is in cloth, in linen, coarse and
fine, but particularly in point-lace. It has exten-
sive tanneries, glass-houses, and smelting-houses.
There are free stone quarries in the neighbour-
hood ; and at the village of Hertre, about a league
W. of the town, is found the mineral called the
Alencon diamond, which has equal lustre, though
not the same hardness, as the true stone. 8 leagues
N. Mons, 16 S. S. E. Caen, 35 S. W. Paris.
Akmteig, t. in the archduchy of xlustria, 4 m.
S. Bohemian Waidhoven.
Akntak, district of Russia, in Revel, or Estho-
nia, bet. lake Peipus and the gulf of Finland.
Chief t. Narva.
Akntejo, or Akmteio, the largest province in
Portugal, on the Atlantic. 108 m. in length
and in breadth ; contains 4 cities, 105 towns, and
358 parishes. Pop. 339,356. It is divided into
the jurisdictions, Evora, Beja, Elvas, Portalegre,
Ourique, Villa Viciosa, Crato, and Aviz.
Akppo, Old, or Kinnesreen, t. Syria, the an-
cient Chalcis, cap. of Chalcidone, 15 m. S. Alep-
po.
Akppo, city of Syria, cap. of a pachalic. It is
on 8 small hills, intersected by KoAvick r. It is in
circuit 3i miles, and including the suburbs, 7 or 8.
The city is surrounded by a wall and has 9 gates.
Near the N. E. corner is a castle on a hill, encom-
passed by a ditch ; a bridge of 7 arches is thrown
over the ditch on the S. It is a magazine for mil-
itary stores. Aleppo is the 4th city of the Otto-
man empire, exceeded only by Constantinople,
Caii'O, and Damascus. It is well built. The
£Lreets are broader than usual in the East, are pav-
ed, and have two foot-paths raised six inches high.
The houses are surmounted by terraces, on which
the inhabitants sleep in summer. The seraglio
or palace of the pacha is spacious, with magnifi-
cent gates, A distinct quarter of the city is allot-
ted to Jews, and another to Europeans. The
mosques are built of free stone, with a dome in the
middle, covered with lead. About 20 caravan-
seras or inns, spacious quadrangular edifices, one
story high, are dispersed through the city, and
coffee-houses, with a fountain in the middle, and a
ALE
29
gallery for musicians. Pop. 250,000, chiefly
Turks and Arabs ; among them are 30,000 Chris-
tians, and 5000 Jews. Women are not seen in the
streets of Aleppo after dusk. Its manufactures are
of silk and cotton, it exports cloth from Antioch,
Merdin, Orfa, and Antab ; osnaburghs from Alep-
po and Damascus, and printed cottons from Diar-
bekir ; also galls, different drugs, and copper, and
a variety of other articles. The imports from Eu-
rope are cloths, Lyonese stuffs, and bonnets after
the fashion of Tunis from France, merceries, in-
digo, tea, sugar, paper, soap, and a great quan-
tity of coral ornaments. 4 caravans annually pro-
ceed through Natolia, to Constantinople ; others
arrive from Bagdad and Bassora with coffee
brought from Mocha on the Red sea, round the
Persian gulf ; as also muslins and shawls from In-
dia. Aleppo is healthy ; but visited once in about.
10 years by the plague. 70 m. S E. Alexandret-
ta, 234N. Damascus. Lon. 37° 16' E. Lat. 36°
UN.
Akria, t. on the E. coast of the isl. of Corsica.
20 m. S. E. Corte.
Alesani, t. isl. of Corsica, district of Aleria.
Aksdiany, market t. Eu. Turkey, in the E. of
W^allachia, on Chncou r.
Akschki, or Aksski, t. and fort, Russia, in E.
Nogai, cap. of a circle in Taurida.
Aksham, or Ayksham, t. and parish of Eng.
Norfolk CO. near i'hyrn r. The chief manufacture
is stockings. Here is a mineral spring, deemed
efficacious in chronic diseases. Pop. 1,760. 12
m. N. Norwich, 121 N. N. E. London.
Aksheim, t. Bavaria, in Anspach, 5 m. N. W.
Weisseuburg.
Akssandria, or Akxandria, strong t. with a cit-
adel, on the E. bank of the Tanaro, in Upper Ita-
ly. It is the see of a bishop, who belongs to the
archiepiscopal diocese of Turin. It contains a
cathedral, 12 parish, 2 collegiate churches, 17 mo-
nasteries and nunneries. Pop. 35,216. Its fairs
in April and October, are attended by merchants,
from Italy, France and Switzerland. 38 m. S. W.
Milan, 44 E. Turin.
Akssano, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 12 m.
S. S. W. Otranto, 200 E. S. E. Naples.
Akssio, t. Greece, in Albania, 12 m. N. Dur-
azzo, and 96 S. E. Ragusa.
Alessone, t. Macedonia, near Olympus, 20 m. N.
W. Larissa.
Akih, t. France, on Aude r. dep. of the Aude.
Pop. 1,000.
Akvaia, r. Siberia, flows into Penjinskoe sea,
the upper part of the sea of Okhotsk. Lon. 157°
14' E. Lat. 62° N.
Aknrska, t. Siberia, at the confluence of the riv-
ers Ajila and Aler, 64 m. N. E. Nertchinsk.
Akutan, or Akulian Islands, a chain of islands
in the N. Pacific ocean, stretching from the penin-
sula of Karatschatka, in Asia, to Cape Alaska, in
N. America, under the government of Irkutzk,
Russia ; about 40 in number. Several volcanoes,
exist among these islands, and earthquakes ai'e
common. Behring's island, Attoo, and Oonalash-
ka, are the largest. Lat. 55° N. Lon. 165° to 195°
E. Only a few are inhabited.
Alexain, v. France, dep. of the Mayenne, "4
leagues N. Laval.
Alexander, bay, on the E. coast of the Caspian
sea. Lon. 71° 25' E. Lat. 43° 37' N.
Alexander, cape on the W. coast of New G eor-
gia, one of the Solomon's islands. Lon. 156° tV E
Lat. 6° 45' S.
30
ALE
A L F
Alexander, cape on the S. coast of an isl. at the
entrance of Duncan's canal, in the N. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 227^ 18' E. Lat. 56° 36' N.
Alexander, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Ba-
tavia.
Alexander, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 765.
Alexander, co. Illinois, at the angle between
Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
Alexander's Pedt, group among the Aladin isls.
in the S. part of the Mcrgui archipelago. Lat.
9° 8' N.
Alexanderrille, v. Montgomery co, Ohio, on Mi-
ami r. 7 m. below Dayton.
Alexandrelta, or Scanderoon, s-p. Syria, at the
S. E. part of a bay in the Mediterranean. Its
road is the only one in Syria affording good an-
chorage. It is unhealthy, owing to the miasmata
from the marshes, and proves fatal to the crews of
vessels. Europeans seek refuge in summer in the
neighbouring village of Beilan, About half a
mile S. is an octagonal castle, built of hewn stone.
The walls are low, but each side is defended by a
tower. To the N. is an old square tower, inacces-
sible on account of the morass. 30 m. N. Antioch,
70 N. W. Aleppo.
Alexandria, v. Scotland, in Dumbartonshire, 4
m. N. Dumbarton.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Cherson, 70 m. W. Eka-
terinoslav, 150 S. W. Kiev. Lon. 32^ 52' E. Lat.
48° 25' N.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Volhynia, on Hovyn r.
50m.E. S. E. Lucko. Lon. 26° 20' E. Lat. 50°
45' N. — Alexandria is also the nau\f: of a number
of small places throughout Russia, particularly in
Pultowa and Ekatermoslav.
Alexandria, city, ancient capital of Egypt,
founded 331 A. C. by Alexander the Great. On
an island opposite to the mouth of the harbor, is
the pharos, or light house, one of the wonders of
the ancient world. Alexandria engrossed the
commerce of India ; goods being brought up the
Red sea, landed at Berenice, carried across to the
Nile, there embarked, and conveyed down the
river and through a canal from its main bank, to
the city. It was the centre of all sciences con-
nected with mathematics, astronomy, and geog-
raphy ; those learned men only were valued who
had been bred in its school, "rhe library surpass-
ed all others which antiquity could boast. The
discovery of the Cape of Good Hope transferred
the India trade to a different channel. Alexandria
is situated at the W. extremity of the Egyptian
coast, on the borders of the Lybian desert, upon a
neck of land, between the sea and lake Mareotis.
It communicates with the Nile by a canal, which
also supplies the city with water. The old town
is partly inclosed with walls nearly six miles in
circumference ; but the ruins of the ancient city
can be traced over three times that circuit. Pom-
pey's pillar is 94 or 95 feet high, composed of 3
pieces of the finest granite, one for the pedestal,
the other for the shaft, and the third for the capi-
tal. The mean diameter is 7 feet 9 inches. The
two obelisks, one thrown down and the other
standing, vulgarly called Cleopatra's J^eedles, are
each 58 feet 6 inches high, and the breadth of the
base is 7 feet. They are composed each of a sin-
gle block of granite, and entirely covered with
hieroglyphics. The reservoirs with which an-
cient Alexandria was supplied with water, exca-
vated the whole ground upon which that city
stood. A conduit, from the canal of Cleopatra,
extended tlie whole length of the city, conducting
the water into the cisterns. The catacombs begin
at the extremity of the old city, and extend along
the coast; they consist of small sepulchral grottos
cut in the rock, which is a soft calcareous sub-
stance ; the interior of the galleries is plastered
with mortar, difficult to break; each cavity con-
tained three coffins piled over each other. New
Alexandria is built chiefly along the coast. The
population has been esimated as high as 20,000,
though the settled residents may not exceed 5,000.
Turks compose the officers of government and the
garrison ; the Copts are numerous, but held in
contempt. The mercantile transactions are in
the hands of the Jews. The approach from the
W. is difficult, the Lybian shore being a dead flat,
presenting no object perceptible at a distance. Tho
first land-mark is, two eminences, with a tower on
each, called Aboukir. There are two harbors,
the old and the new : the old harbor is safe, and.
affords a sufl[icient depth of water; tlie new is
shallow, has a rocky bottom, and is exposed to the
N. winds, which blow with great violence. Lon.
30° 5' E, Lat, 31° 16' N,
Alexandria, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m.
N. of Machias.
Alexandria, t. Grafton co, N. H, 27 m. N. of
Concord. Pop. 409.
Alexandria, t. Hunterdon co, N, J. Pop, 2,271.
Alexandria, p-t. Huntington co. Pa. 89 m, W
Harrisburg, 10 N, W. Huntington, Pop. 156,
Alexandria, co.District of Columbia. Pop. 8,552
Alexandria, city, and port of entry, in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Poto-
mac, 7 m. S, of Washington, Pop. in 1810, 7,227.
It has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for
the largest ships, and is a place of extensive
trade, especially in the article of flour. Exports
in 1810, $930,634. Shipping in 1816, 11,811
tons.
Alexandria, p-t. in the parish of Rapides, Lou-
isiana, on Red river, 120 m. from its mouth, and
80 below Natchitoches, 350 by water from New
Orleans. It is a new and flourishing settlement .
Almost all the inhabitants are Americans.
Alexandria, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio r. at the
mouth of Scioto r. which separates it from Ports-
mouth, 45 m. S. Chilicothe.
Alexandriana, p-t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 157
S. W. Raleigh.
Alexandrovka, settlement, Asiatic Russia, in
Caucasus, on Kuma r. Pop. 448.
Alexandrovskaia, fort, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
on the Dnieper, 40 m. below Ekaterinoslav, 114
N.E. Cherson.
Alrxandrow, chief t. of a circle, in Vladimir,
Russia. Here was erected the first printing press
in Russia. 48 m. E. Moscow.
Alexandrow, or Alexandrowka, t. Russia, in Po-
dolia.
Alexandrowka, the name of several small to\vns,
Rnssia, in Cherson, Ekaterinoslay, Tambov, &c.
Alexiervka, t, Russia, in Saratov, on the extreme
limit of Europe.
Alexin, t. Russia, in Thoula, on the Oka,
Alexin, t. Wallachia, 48 m. N, E. Bucharest.
Alexinza, t. Turkey in Europe, in Servia, 18
m. N. N.W. Nissa.
Alexo, isl. of the Atlantic, on the coast of Per-
nambuco, Brazil.
Alexopol, cap. of a circle, in Pultawa, Riissia,
30 m. S. Pultawa.
Alf, V. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine. Pop. 500.
A L G
jHfacar.^ t. Spain, 5 m. N. E. Grenada.
Alfaha. See Halfaia.
Alfandega da Fe, t. Portu^l, inTras los Montes,
12 m. N. I'on-e de Moncorvo.
Alfaques, harbor, Spain, in the W. mouth of
the Ebro, 9 m. S. Tortosa.
Alfaro, t. Spain, at the conflux of the Alama
and Ebro. Pop. 4,700. 9 m. S. W. Todela.
Alfaya^ t. W. Africa, on the Kalinkie r. which
falls into the Rio Grande, 50 m. from the sea, and
«0 S. W. Teemboo.
Jllfayates, fort, Portugal, 150 m. N. E. Lisbon.
Alfdorf, V. Wirtemberg. Pop. 940.
Jllftizara, or Alfeisarang, t. Portuguese Estre-
inadura, in Leiria,
Alfeld^ t. Hanover, on Leine r. Pop. 2,076. 15
m. S. Hildesheim, and 30 S. Hanover.
Alfeld, V. grand duchy of Baden, 4 m. N. Nei-
denaa.
Aifddha, mountain, Persia, in Kerman, 36 m.
2. Kerman.
Alfeo, or Carbon, r. the largest in the Morea,
falls into the Ionian sea, on the W. coast, 6 m. from
Olympia. On its banks were held the Olympic
games.
Alfeo, r. isl. Sicily, empties into the Mediterra-
nean at Syracuse.
Alfere, t. Ai^abia, 72 m. S. Medina.
Alferez, r. Brazil, in Rey, which enters tlie lake
Mini.
Alfidena, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 15 m. S.
S. E. Sulmona, 42 N. Capua.
Alfkarleby, v. Sweden, in Upsal, where tlie Dal-
Elbe falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Alfontes, t. Portugal, in Algrave,10 m. W.Louie.
Alford, t. England, Lincolnshire. Pop. 1,169.
30 m. E. Lincoln, 140 N. London.
Alford, V. Scotland, Aberdeen co, near which a
battle was fought in July 1645, between the Roy-
alists, under Montrose, and the covenanters, com-
manded by Baillie, who was defeated. 15 m. S.
W. Inverury, 28 N. W. Aberdeen.
Alford, t. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 522.
Alford'' s store, p-v. Hancock co. Georgia, 42 m.
N .Milledgeville.
Alfordsmlle, p-v. Robeson co. N. C. S. Raleigh.
Alfordstown, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C 30 m.
W. N. W. Fayetteville.
Alfred, t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on Ottawa r.
Alfred, p-t. and half shire, York co. Maine, 24
m. N. of York. Pop. 1,106.
Alfred, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. S. E. An-
gelica. Pop. 273.
Alfrcton, market t. and parish, England, Derby
CO. in which stockings and earthen ware are man-
ufactured. Pop. 3,396. 14 m. W. Derby, 141 N.
London.
Alfrick, hamlet, England, Worcester co. 7 m. fr.
Worcester. Pop. 404.
Alfter, loi'dship, Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, with a castle. Pop. 850.
Alfundao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 6 m. S. W.
Beja.
Algaiola, s-p. W. coast of the isl. of Corsica, at
the embouchure of the Aregno into the Mediter-
ranean, 6 m. N. N. E. Calvi, 38 S. W. Bastia.
Algaira, or Aliara, r. Spain, in Cuenca, which
falls into the Cabriel.
Algar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues from
Xerez de la Frontera.
Algar, Cape, on tlie N. W. coast of the isl. of
Majorca.
Algarra, or Algarbia, the S. province of Portu-
A L G
31
gal, bounded on the W. and S. by the Atlantic.
Pop. 96,000.
Algas, r. Spain, in Arragon, which falls into
the Matarana near Nonaspe.
Algemesi, or Algemesia, t. Spain, in Valencia;
near which grow great quantities of Pita, of
which they make cordage, and spin a thread fine
enough for lace. 18 m. S. Valencia.
Algeri, or Algheri, t. on the W. coast of Sardin-
ia, 79 m. N. W. Cagliari.
Algesheim, a walled t. grand duchy of Hesse
Darmstadt. Pop. 1,430.
Algeziras, a maritime t. Spain, in Andalusia, in
tljie gulf of Gibraltar, between Cape Algeziras
and the rock of Gibraltar; hence it is often cali«d
Old Gibraltar. Pop. about 4,500. 7 m. W. Gib-
raltar.
Alghise, t. Upper Italy, in the Lombard©- Vene-
tian kingdom, district of Bresciano, on Savarona
r. Pop. 3,000.
Algienta, t. Lombardy, on the Lambro, 10 m.
N. Milan.
Algiers, N. Africa, one of the Barbary states,
on the Mediterranean, between Morocco and Tu-
nis, extending S. to Atlas mountains. It is tlie an-
cient Numidia and Mauritania Tiiigitania. The
mountains are covered with vineyards and forests,
except Jurjura, 60 miles S. E. Algiers, whose top
is covered with snow during great part of the
year. The largest river is Shelliff, which has a
course of 300 miles ; the Adjidi rolls S. into the
desert, and is lost in a lake on its borders. The
soil produces wheat and barley, and all the fruits
and vegetables of Europf?. It contains mines of
lead and iron. Near the like of Marks is a solid
mountain of salt, and the lake, when it dries up in
summer, leaves its bed deeply incrusted with it.
The salt pits near Arzew are about 6 miles in
compass. The manufactures consist in silk, par-
ticularly sashes and handkerchiefs, and in carpets,
and a coarse kind of linen. The export? art co-
ral, wool, bees wax, ship timber, ostrichs' feath-
ers, grain, pulse, hides, goat and sheep skins, cam-
el's hair, cattle, sheep, of the annual value of
42,175/. The imports consist of European manu-
factures, and colonial produce. Linens, muslins,
and hardware, are prominent articles. The
towns are inhabited by Moors, Jews, and Turks,
with a few Europeans ; the plain country by the
Arabs ; and the mountains by Brebers, or Bereb-
bers. See Barbary. Algiers is divided into 3 prov-
inces : the W. or Tlemsam or Tremecen, borders
on Morocco ; chief towns Tlemsan and Oran :
the central or Algiers proper, the E. or Con-
stantina; chief towns Constantina and Bona.
Algiers, city, capital of the above country, on
the Mediterranean, and on the declivity of a hill,
on which the houses rise gradually in the form of
an amphitheatre, and terminate nearly in a point
at the summit. It is \h miles in circuit. The
largest street is not above 12 feet wide, in which
are the mansions of the opulent, tlie warehouses
of the principal merchants, the markets for corn,
bread, meat, fish, &c. Pop. estimated from 180,000
to 200,000. The largest buildings are the dey's
palace and the seraglio, both of great magnitude,
with marble pillars of curious workmanship. It
has 60 mosques ; the finest is 60 feet by 40, three
stories high, and supported by pillars of white
marble, imported from Genoa ; the walls are of
white stone, brought from the ruins of Oran.
Aqueducts convey water from the country to 150
fountains, dispersed through the city. Round
32
A L I
ALL
the city is a wall about a league in circumler-
ence ; 12 feet thick, 30 feet high towards the land
side, and 40 feet towards the sea. It is strength-
ened by fortifications at its 5 gates. The harbor
is formed by two moles, one running N. and the
other N. E. and meeting at an island called the
Lantern. It is 130 fathoms long, 80 broad, and
15 feet deep. The entrance is defended by a
round castle and batteries of brass guns. Lon. 3°
30' E. Lat. 36°42'N.
Algodon^ isl. in the Atlantic ocean, N. of St.
Domingo.
Algodres, t. Portugal, in Beira, 3 m. N. W. Cas-
tel Rodrigo.
Algon, isl. Sweden, on the W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 18° 26' E. Lat. 63° 9' N.
Algonquins, Indians, a large tribe iji the neigh-
borhood of the Assiniboins, on both sides of the
line which divides the U. S. from U. Canada, W.
of the Mississippi.
Algozo, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 20 m.
W. S. W. Miranda de Duero.
Algristan-Head, promontory on the N. W. coast
of Scotland, Ross co. Lon. 5° 44' W. Lat. 57°
46' N.
Algueda, i. and parish, isl. of Majorca. Pop.
1,200.
Alhatna, t. Spain, in Murcia. Pop. 3,500.
Alhama, t. Spain, in Granada, at the foot of a
hill, on Motrilr. 25 m. S. W. Granada.
Alhama k Seca, t. Spain, in Granada, 10 m. N.
N. W. of Almeria.
AlJiambra, t. Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. S. Teruel.
Alhambra. See Granada, Town of.
Alhamiicd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the S.
coast of the Caspian sea, 30 m. W. Fehrabad.
Lon. 52° 30' E. Lat. 35° 48' N.
Alhandra, t. in Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, 15 m. N. E. Lisbon. Pop. 1,350.
Alhaur, r. Natolia, which runs into the Sakaria,
8 m. S. Almeria.
Alhaurin, v. Spain, in Granada, 3 leagues S.W.
Mala^.
Alhans, t. Prussia, 4 m. S. Culm.
Alhol Fedros, t. Portugal, in Esti'emadura, 6
m. S. E. Lisbon.
AH, t. Georgia, 50 m. W. Teflis.
Aliabad, v. Persia, in Mazanderan, 30 m. S. E.
of Fehrabad, and 39 N. E. of Teheran.
Aliabali, isl. in the Caspian sea, near the W,
coast. Lon. 68° 6' E. Lat. 39° 5' N.
Alibama, 'And Atia-Kackjjoos, Indians, remnants
of these tribes mingled with remnants of other
tribes, are scattered in different parts of the state
of Lousiana.
Aljaki,t. Russia, 20 m. S. E. Czerkasky.
Alianello, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 27 m. E. Po-
tenza.
Aliano, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 23 m. S. E. Po-
tenza.
Alianskoi, fort, Russia, 120 m. S. W. Kolhyvane.
Lon. 79° 34' E. Lat. 52° 50' N.
Alibani, t. Arabia, 140 m. S. E. Amanzirlfdin
Alibeg-keri, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m.
E. Salistria.
Alica, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 29 m. W. S. W.
Florence.
Alicanf, t. Ceylon, 10 m. S. Calitoor.
Alicante, t. Spain, in Valencia, on a peninsula,
in a bay of the Mediterranean. The harbor is
one of the best in Valencia. 37 m. N. E. Murcia,
75 S. Valencia. Pop. 16,950. Lon. 9° 24' W.
Lat. 38° 35' N.
Alicata, fortified t. on the S. coast of the Val di
Mazzara, Sicily, 18 m. E. S. E. Girgenti.
Alicudi, or Alicuri, one of the Lipari islands in
the Mediterranean, 15 m. W. Lipari.
Alicun, t. Spain, ] 2 m. from Granada.
Alignay, one of the Philippine islands. Lat, 9°
51' N.
Aligne. See Marcans.
Althamman, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Tigris,
20 m. from Mosul.
Alima, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean. Lat. 19° 20' N.
Alinagore, t. Hind. Carnatic, 10 m. W. Trico-
lore.
AUngsas, t, Sweden, 5 m. S. of Bohus. Lon.
12° 19' E. Lat. 57° 58' N.
Alipee, t. Cochin, populous; the residence of
many of the merchants who are agents for houses
at Bombay. Exports : pepper, grain,a nd timber,
Lat. 9° 42' N,
Alishung, dist. of Afghanistan, India, between
35° and 36° N, lat. and 68° and 69° E, lon. sur-
rounded by lofty mountains, covered with snow.
Chief t, Penjshehr.
Aljubarrota, market t. Portuguese Estremadura,
10 m. S. of Leiria. Pop. 1,000,
Aljucen, t, Spain, Estremadura, 7 m. N, Merida.
Aljustrel, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 16 m. W. S.
W. Beja. Pop. 1,500.
Alixen, t, France, dep. of the Ardeche, 6 m. E
N. E. of Valence.
Alkaisan, fort, in Asiatic Turkey, 106 m. W
Bagdad.
Alkmaer. See Akkmaer.
Allahabad, province of Ilindostan, between 22°
and 26° N, lat, and 79° and 83° E. lon, bounded
N. by the provinces of Oude and Agra, S. by
Gundwana, E, by Bahar, and W, by Malway and
Agra, Seven-eighUis of the inhabitants are sup-
posed to be Hindoos, the remainder Mahometans.
Allahabad, city, cap, of the above province, at
the junction of the Ganges and Jumna, 820 m,
from the sea by the course of the river. Every
summer multitudes of pilgrims resort hither from
all parts of India, The fort stands in lat, 25° 27'
N, and lon. 81° 50' E, 490 m. W, N. W. Calcutta.
It is a station of the Baptist Missionary Society,
made in 1814.
AUah-Shehr, or City of God, t, Asiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, It is spread upon the declivities of 3
or 4 hills, and exhibits remains of a wall, which
once encompassed it. Here there is a cathedral,
large and ornamented with carving, gilding, and
portraits ; but of 24 churches of that communion,
only 6 are in repair and served by priests. The
Greeks have a bishop and chief priest. The
town is situated on one of the principal roads to
Smyrna, whither a caravan goes and returns reg-
ularly. It is greatly frequented, especially by Ar-
menian merchants. The coffeehouses and baths
are much resorted to. There are about 300
Greek families. This city is the ancient Phila-
delphia, so liable to earthquakes. 30 m. S. F
Sart or Sardis, and 5 days' journey from Smyrna
Allaine, t. France, in Brittany, 10 leagues Y
Vannes. Pop. 4,360.
Allais, or El Aice, t, Sennaar, cap, of one of the
three governments into which that countxy is di-
vided,
Allande, t, Spain, Asturia, 28 m, W. of Oviedc
Alia Torre, district of the Lombardo-Venetiar
kingdom, middle division of the Valteline. valler
of Malenker.
ALL
ALL
33
Alhegah, t. in the E. province of Algiers, on a
small river. Its vicinity is covered with large
heaps of ruins, 20 m. E. Constantina.
Alleghany, co. N. Y. on Genesee r. bordering on
Pennsylvania, Pop. 1,942. Chief t. Angelica.
Alleghany, co. Pa. at the junction of Alleghany
and Monongahela rivers. Chief t. Pittsburg.
Pop. 25,317.
Alleghany, t. Cambria co. Pa. W. Harrisburg.
Pop. 610.
Alleghany, t. Venango co. Pa. N. W. Harris-
burg. Pop. 299.
Alleghany, t. Huntington co. Pa. W, Harris-
burg. Pop. 1,159.
Alles:hany, t. Somerset co. Pa. S. W. Harris-
burg. "^ Pop. 271.
Alleghany, t. Armstrong co. Pa. W. Harrisburg.
Pop, 820.
Alleghany, co. Md. the N. W. end of the State,
on Potomac r. Ciiief t. Cumberland. Pop.
6,909.
Alleghany, mountains, U. S. commence in the
N. part of Georgia, and running N. E. nearly
parallel with the coast of the Atlantic ocean, at
the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Caroli-
na, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New
York, and terminate near Hudson river. They
divide the waters which flow into the Atlantic,
from those which flow into the Mississip]n. The
Catskill mountains, at the N. E. extremity, are the
highest summits in the range.
Alleghany, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs
first N. W. into New York, and then by a bend to
the S. W. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pitts-
burg unites with the Monongahela to form the
Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for
keel boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above
Pittsburg.
Allegranza, isl. or rock, the most N. of tlie Ca-
naries; barren and uninhabited, resorted to, to
gather orchilla.
Allemance, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. 77 m. W.
Raleigh.
Allemand, r. falls into the Mississippi from the
S. E. 43 m. S. Natches.
Allemans, t. France, dep. of the Lot and Ga-
ronne, on the Drot, 28 m. N. N. W. Agen.
Allemond, v. France, dep. of the Isere, 6 leagues
E, Grenoble. Pop. 1,000.
Allen, r. England, runs into the Stour, near
Blandford.
Allen, r. Wales, Flint co. which has a subterra-
jieous course for a short distance.
Allen, hie of, Ireland, Kildare co. 5 m. N. E.
Xildare.
Allen, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Harrisburg.
:?op. 1,837.
Allen, CO. Kentucky. Chief t. Scottsville. The
})ost-office is 160 m. from Frankfort.
Allen, CO. Ohio, formed 1820, in a part of the In-
dian reservation.
Allenburg, t. East Prussia, in Tapiau, on the
iUle, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,350.
Allendale, t. England, Northumberland co. di-
vided into East and West, 9 m. from Hexham, 291
from London. Pop. 2,006.
Allendorf, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
1 Verra, 24 m. W. Mulhausen. Pop. 2,500.
Allendorf, t. Hesse Darmstadt, between Mar-
lurgand Giessen, 6 m. N. E. Giessen. Pop. 1,030.
Allendorf, t. Russia, in Riga.
Allenheim, v. Germanv, near KeU on the
Rhine. Pop. 500.
Allan'' s Creek, r. N. Y. rises in the S. part of
Genesee co. and running N. E. empties into Gene-
see r. in Caledonia. Many mills are erected on it.
Allen'' s ferry, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana.
Allen's fresh, p-v. Charles co. Md. 43 m. S,
Washington, on Wicomico r.
Allen's Island, in tiie gulf of Carpentaria,
New Holland, Lon. 139° 26' E. Lat. 17° 5' S.
Allenstein, in Polish Olsztan, a bailiwick and
small t. with a castle, in East Prussia, 60 m. S.
Konigsberg. Lon. 20° 25' E. Lat. 53° 40' N.
Pop. 2,000.
Allensloivn, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. S.
E. Concord. Pop. 346.
Allenstoum, p-t. Monmouth co. N.J. 11 m. E.
Trenton.
Allentoivn, p-t. and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. on Le-
high r. 52 N. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,291.
AUentown, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C. S. W.
Raleigh,
Allentrop, t. on the Soubeck, in the Prussian
grand duchy of the Rhine, 9 m. S. Arensberg.
All f pie, t. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 40 m. N.
Cochin, 60 N. Quilon, 120 N. Cape Comorin.
Pop. 13,000. Pepper and other spices are procur-
ed here for the E. India ships. It is a Missionary
station, containing a church, house and garden,
and a school-house. The number of scholars
amounts to 70, including 26 orphans. The con-
gi'egation, consisting of school-children, Syrians,
Roman Catholics, and heathen, has increased to
200.
Aller, r. Lower Saxony, falls into the Weser be-
low Verden.
Aller, v. England, Somerset co. 6 m. S. Bridge-
water.
JiUerberg, market t. Bavaria, in Neuberg, 16 m.
S. Nuremburg. Pop. 1,570.
Allerton, t. England, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Pop. 1,093. 33 m. fr. Bradford, 199 fr. London.
Allerton (Chapel), t. England, Leeds, West Ri-
ding of Yorkshire, 2 m. from Leeds. Pop. 1,362.
Allerton Bywater, t. England, W. Riding of
Yorkshire, 5 m. from Pontefract. Pop. 292.
Allesani, t. isl. of Corsica, 13 m. E. N. E. Corte.
Allevard, t. France, in Daupliine. Pop. 2,060.
7i leagues N. E. Grenoble.
Allex, V. France, dep. of the Drome, 4 leagues
S. Valence.
Allfeld, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Ba-
den. Pop. of the bailiwick 1,860.
Alii, r. Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, falls into
the gulf of Squillace.
Allier, r. France, after a course of 72 leagues,
falls into the Loire, 3 m. below Nevers.
Allier, dep. of France. Pop. 254,558. Divided
into the arrondissements of Mont Lu9on, Moulins,
Gannat, and Palisse.
Alligator r. N. C. runs through Alligator Swamp
into Albemarle sound.
Alligator, bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Allighur, English fort. Hind, situated between
the Ganges and the Jumna. Lon. 78° 24' E. Lat.
27° 55' N.
Allinaghur, t. Hindostan, 20 m. N. Chazy^oore.
Allinghery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38" m. S,
W. Arcot.
Allinghy, t. Hind. 30 m. S. W. Dindigul.
Allipore, t. Hind. 30 m. from Gwalior.
Altistar, or Allestar, t. peninsula of Malacca, 2
or 3 leagues from the mouth of a river.
AUitory, t, Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W.
Trichinopoly.
34
A L M
A L N
Alloa, s-p. Scotland, Clackmannan co. on the
N. bank of the Forth. The harbor is safe and
commodious, having 16 feet of water in neap, and
122 in spring tides. It has a dry dock for receiving
large vessels. The collieries employ a great num-
ber of people, and produce about 35,000 tons
yearly for export. From the distilleries above
1,000,000 gallons of spirits are sometimes shipped
in a year. Here is a glass-house, wherein ordina-
ry green glass bottles are made. The imports are
grain, limestone, ironstone, and goods from the
Baltic. Pop. 3,000. 27 m. from Edinburgh, 5
from Stirling.
Allonby, t. England, Cumberland co. Pop. 655.
309 m. from London.
Alloor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 ra. N. Nel-
lore, 114 N. Madras.
Alios, t. France. Pop. 1,400. Near a lake 7^
leagues N. E. Digne.
Alloueltes, point, in the St. Lawrence, at the
mouth of Saguenay r.
Allow, two rivers, Eng. falling into tlie Tyne.
Allow, r. isl. of Anglesey, falling into the Irish
sea.
Alloway Creek, t. Salem co. N. J.
Allowat/, r. Salem co. N. J. runs into Dela-
ware r.
All-Saints, islands near Guadaloupe, in the W.
Indies.
Allsaints, parish, Georgetown district, S. C.
All-Saints, bay of the Pacific, on the coast of
New Albion. Lon. 243° 38' E. Lat. 31° 44' N.
Alludsje, t. Arabia, 14 m. E. N. E. Beit-el-Fa-
Idh.
Allum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 11 m. N. W.
Palamcotta.
Alluf, t Ceylon, 15 m. N. E. Candy. Lon. 81°
2'E. Lat. 7° 66' N.
, Alluye, or Halluye, i. with a castle, France,
dep- of the Eure and Loire, 150 houses, 13 m. S.
S. W. Chartres.
Allynagi-um, t. Hind, in Dindigul,* 15 m. W.
Ootampaleam.
Almaden, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 39 ni. S. W,
Ciudad Real.
Almaden de la Plata, t. Spain, on the Celar, 32
m. N. Seville.
Almagre, t. Spain, in La Mancha. Pop. 3,000.
Almaguer, city, S. America, in Quito, on the
top of a small mountain, 21 m. S. Popayan. Lon.
76° 54' W. Lat. 1° 56' N.
Almali, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 42 m. S.
W. Satalia. Lon. 29° 42' E. Lat. 36° 38' N.
Almanchery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 1 1 m. N.
Bomranzepollam.
Almandrel, t. S. America, on the coast of Chili.
Almanza, or Almanca, t. Spain. Pop. 6,000. 54
m. S. W. Valencia.
Almanzor, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterrane-
an, on the coast of Granada.
Alniaraz, t. Spanish Estremadura, 36 m. from
TalaveradelaReyna. Pop. 1,000.
Almarhha, s-p. Arabia, 2 m. E. Cape Almarhha,
on the W. coast of the Red sea. Lon. 33° 3' 40"
E. Lat. 29° 1' 41" N.
Almas, t. in Sclavonia, at the influx of the Drave
into the Danube.
Almas, the name of various towns and villages
in Hungary and Transylvania.
Almas, station, in Brazil, where the duties on
gold mines are paid ; near the source of the Toc-
cantins.
Almasan, t. in Old Castile, Spain, 16 m. S. o
Soria.
Almeida, a strong fort, in Portugal, prov. of Bei-
ra. It has a regular citadel. Pop. 2,500. 113 m,
N. E. Lisbon.
Almeirim, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 3 m. S.
E. Santarem.
Almeloo, t. Holland, in Overyssel, 20 m. E.N. E-
Deventer.
Almendra, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. W.
Castel Ilodrigo.
Almendral, t. Chili, 3 m. from Valparaiso.
Almendralejo, t. in Spanish Estremadura, 12 m.
S. Merida.
Almendro, t. Spain, in Seville, 18 m. N. N. E,.
Ayamonte.
Almeneches, t. France, dep. of the Orne, 18 in.
N. Alengon.
Almeria, a maritime t. Spain, 54 m. S. E. Gra-
nada.
Almeria, t. Mexico, on the coast, 50 m. N. Vera
Cruz, 150 E. Mexico.
Almirante, r. Florida, runs S. E. into Pensacola
bay.
Almirante, Bay, coast of Veragua, on the N
coast of the Isthmus of Darien. At its entrance are
many small islands and hidden rocks. Lat. 9° 5'
N. Lon. 82° 30' W.
Abnissa, s-p. Dalmatia, 16 m. Spalatro. Pop.
1,000.
Almodovar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m. S. Ou-
rique.
Almodovar del Campo, t. Spain, in La Mancha,
18 m. S. Ciudad Real. Pop. 3,000.
Almodovar del Pinar, t. Spain, 25 m. E. S. E .
Cuenca.
Almoi, t. Prussia, 24 m. S. W. Rastenbui^.
Almonascid, t. Spain, New Castile, 9 m. S. E,
Toledo. Another, 15 m. S. Leon.
Almonbury, t. England, in Yorkshire, 1 m. from
Huddersfield. Pop. 4,613.
Almond, r. Scotland, flows into the frith of Forth,
5 m. N. W, Edinburgh.
Almond, r. Scotland, runs into the frith of Tay.
Almont, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 90 m. S. W.
Fehrabad.
Almonte, t. Spain, in Seville, 15 m. S. E. Moguer.
Almora, a subdivision of Kemaon, N. E. part of
Hind, separateti from the British territory by a
lofty range of mountains, and subject to the rajah
of Napal. Its capital, Almora, is in lon. 79° 40'
E. Lat. 29° 35' N.
Almstadt, t. Sweden, 4 m. E. Christianstadt.
Almunda, t. Hind. 14 m. S. W. Vizianagram.
Almunecar, t. Spain, has a good harbor, and a
castle, 36 m. S. S. W. Granada. Pop. 2,000.
Almunia, t. Spain, in Arragon, 22 m. from Sar-
agossa. Pop. 3,000.
Almurradiel, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 24 m. from
Manzanarez.
Almus, t. Asiatic Turkey, 20 m. N. E. Tocat.
Alma, formerly New Milford, p-t. Lincoln co.
Maine, 10 m. N. Wiscasset. It is a flourishing
farming town.
Alnemouth, Ailmoulh, or Alemouih, s-p. Eng.
in Northumberlandshire, at the mouth of the Alne.
Pop. 353. 5 m. from Alnwick.
Alnwick, or Alncwick, t. Eng. Northumberland-
shire, near the river Alne, once fortified. Pop.
5,426. 34 m. N. N. W. Newcastle.
Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada,
on Rice lake, W. Kingston.
ALP
ALT
35
Jllnivick, t. Northumberland co. New Brims-
wick, on the sea coast.
Mnei/, isl. Eng. in the Severn, near the city of
Gloucester. The single combat between Ed-
mund Ironside and Canute the Dane, took place
here.
Jllong, r. Asia, which runs into the gulf of Si-
am. Lon. 100° 21' E. Lat. 8° 40' N. Also a
town, on this river, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ligor.
Atoo, Straits, in the Eastern seas, between Lo-
mablem and Pantar isles.
Alopha, r. Syria, flows into the Mediterranean,
2 m. S. Bairout.
Alora, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. N. W. Mal-
aga.
Alore, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, on the Godavery,
30 m. E. Nander.
Aloren, isl. on the E. side of tlie gulf of Both-
nia. Lon. 22° 18' E. Lat. 63° 35' N.
Alor7io, t. Hind. 8 m. N. Goa.
Alosen, Cape, of the island of Elba.
Alost, or Aelst, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on
the Dender, which is navigable to the town. Pop.
11,000. 13 m. S. E. Ghent, 15 N. W. Brussels.
Alota, t. on the coast of Corsica, near the gulf
of Ajaccio.
Alpalhao, v. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. N. N.
W. Portalegre. Pop. 1,200.
Alpedrinna, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N. N.
E. Castello-Branco.
Alpedris, market t. in Portuguese Estremadura^
8 m. S. W. Leiria.
Alperspach, t. in the Black Forest, near Horn-
berg. Pop. 1,300.
Alphen, t. Holland, on the Rhine, between Ley-
den and Woerden. Pop. 2,000.
Alphen, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant. Pop.
1,000.
Alphington, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 2 m. from
Exeter. Pop. 911.
Alphonso, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 54° 50' E.
Lat. 7° 4' S.
Alpnorh, or AUnacht, t. Switzerland, in Under-
walden, 6 m. S. Lucerne.
Alpmi, Vecchio, r. Italy, in the Veronese, falls
into the Adige.
Alpovr, t. Hind. 100 m. W. S. W, Hydrabad.
Lat 16° 40' N.
Alps, mountains, Europe, divide Italy from
NFrance, Switzerland, and Germany ; they are in
the form of a crescent, and are divided into the
Maritime, the Cottian, the Grecian, the Pennine,
the llhoetian, the Tyrolese and Tridentine, inclu-
ding those of Suabia, the Noric, the Carnic, and
the Julian. The maritime Alps are so called from
their proximity to the Mediterranean. Over the
Pennine Alps, along Mount Simplon, Bonaparte
passed into Italy to tight the battle of Mareiigo, in
1800. The Alpine mountains are inheightfrom4000
to 12,000 feet, separated orily by narrow vallies.
Mont Blanc is 15,500 feet high, being the highest
mountain in Europe. It is in Savoy, and is seen
from Dijon and Langres, a distance of 140 miles.
Alps, the Suahian or JVirtemberg, a chain of
mountains, 70 miles in length and from 15 to 20 in
breadth, which separates the channel of the Dan-
ube from that of the Neckax-, and occupies the S.
E. corner of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. It is a.
continuation of the mountain tract called the
Black Forest.
Alps, Lower, dep. France, formed of the N. E.
part of Provence. Extent, 373 square leagues.
Pop. 147,910.
Alps, Upper, dep. of France, having N. and E
the Cottian Alps, which separate it from Piedmont.
Extent 251 square leagues. Pop. 121,523.
Alresford, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 6 m. N.
E. Winchester.
Alrewas, v. and parish of Eng, Staffordsliire, on
the Trent. Pop. 1,121. 7 m. N. E. Litchfield.
Alroe, isl. in the gulf of Horsens, in Jutland,
Lon. 10° 30' E. Lat. 55° 52' N.
Alsace, province of France, now formed into the
departments of the Upperand Loiver Rhine, which
see.
Almcp, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,275.
Alschausen, a castle in Suabia, near Biberach,
9 m. S. Buchau. Pop. 1,600.
Alsen, isl. in the Baltic, lying bet. isl. Funen and
the E. coast of Sleswick. Pop. 15,045.
Alsens, v. Bavaria, in Sponlieira. Pop. 1,100.
9 m. S. Kreutznach.
Alsfeld, t. Germany, in Hesse. Pop. 3,020. 50
m. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine.
Alshash, province of Great Bukharia, on the
river Sihon. Lat. 43° N.
Alsheim, a market t. in Hesse. Pop. 1,030. 10
m. N. Worms.
Alsingsund, strait, in the Baltic, near Sunder-
burg, separates the isl. of Alsen from the main land
of Sleswick.
Alsleben, or Alschlehen, t. and castle of Prussia,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, on tlie Saale. Pop.
1,070. 9 m. S. S. W. Bernburg.
Also-Sajo, V. Hungary, in Gomor co. Much
quicksilver and cinnabar are obtained here.
Alstadt, t. in Saxe-Weiniar. Pop. 620. 28 m.
N. N. E. Erfurt.
Alstead, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 38 m. W. of
Concord. Pop. 1,694.
Alston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. fr. Preston.
Pop. 609.
Alston, t. N. C. near the sea, 20 m. W. Bruns-
wick.
Alswang, or Alswanger, castle and t. on the
Baltic, in Courland, Russia, 10 m. W. Goldingen.
Altabonita, bay on the N. E. coast Cuba.
Alta Gracia, city of S. America, cap. of Sata-
gos, in Granada ; also, t. Buenos-Ayres, 20 m. S.
S. W. Cordova ; 3 settlements in Guiana ; one in
Tucuman ; and one in Venezuela.
Altai, mountains in Asia, commence near the
sea of Aral and terminate on the Pacific ocean at
East cape, in lon. 170° W. They traverse about
5,000 iniles under different names, the Kolhyvan-
V^oskresentz*, Korbolokinsk, Alaskaia, Oubinsk, or
Vobrosk, Buktarminsk, Teletsk, Tcliarinsk, Kun-
etzk, Krasnoyarslr. The highest part of the chain
is computed to be 10,730 feet above the level of
the sea. They contain iron, copper, and lead ore,
and gold and silver mines. Hei'e was found an in-
sulated mass of native iron of 1440 lbs. weight.
Altamaha. See Alatamaha.
Altamura, t. Naples, prov. of Bari, at the foot
of the Apennines. Pop. 15,000. 6 m. N. E. Gra-
vina.
Altar, t. Mexico, prov. of Sonora. The name also
of a lofty mountain of Quito.
Altara, t. in Genoa, 5 m. N. Savona.
Altavilla, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m.
S. E. Salerno ; another in principato Ultra, 7 m.
S. Benevento.
Altburg, V.Germany, in Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,400.
Alt-Closter, t. Bremen, 12 m. S. E. Stade.
Alte-Fchr, t. in the island ot Rugen, 3 nt. W, S.
W. Bergren.
36
A L T
AUena,, amanufacturingt. in the Prussian grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Lenne and
Nette. Pop. 3,300. 30 m. N. E. Cologne.
AUena., a district in S. Holland, bet. the Maese
and Biesboch.
Altemiu, a mining t. of Hanover, in the Hartz,
9 m. fr. Goslar. Pop. 1,100.
AUenbechen, a parochial v. in the Prussian
grand duchy of the lower Rhine, 3. m. E. of Lepp-
spring. Near it is a productive iron mine.
Altenberg, t. in the mining country of Saxony,
18 m. S. of Dresden.
Alfenbruck, or Oldenbrock, t. Hanover, 27 m. N.
W. ofStade. Pop. 2,600.
Altenburg, principality in Germany, wliich is
divided into two parts by the county of Gera. It
belongs to the house of Gotha, and is now parti-
tioned between the branches of Gotha and Saal-
feld. The former possesses seven bailiwicks, in
which there are 616 square miles, and 96,000 in-
habitants. The soil of this pai't is very produc-
tive, the stock of cattle good, and the people in-
dustrious and comfortable. The Saalfeld portion
consists ofthree bailiwicks, of 154 square miles,and
about 25,000 inhabitants. The states of the prin-
cipality are composed of nobility, and of the depu-
ties of the town of Altenburg, Saalfeld, and Eissen-
berg.
Altenburg, cap. of the above principality, was
formerly a free town of the empire. Pop. 9,500
gOm. S. Leipsic.
Altenburg, or Hungarian Altenburg, t. Hunga-
ry, at the influx of the Leitha into the Danube. It
has an active trade in horned cattle and fruit. 17
m. S. of Presburg, 40 S. E. Vienna.
Altenburg, lordship, castle and village, with a
medicinal bath, on the Danube, in Lower Austria,
near the frontiers of Hungary. .
Altenburg, market t. in Transylvania, on White
Korosch river.
Altenburg, market t. in Lower Austria, on the
confines of Moravia, 14 m fr. Crems.
Altenburn, t. Prussia in Oberland, 2 m. N. W.
Liebmuhl,
Altendamlaeh, t. Germany, 5 m. N. N. W.
Schlewsingen.
Allendorn, t. of Westphalia, 37 m. E. Cologne.
Altenheim, t. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop. 1,300.
Altenhofen, market t. in Carinthia, on the Met-
nitz, with a castle. 4 m. N. E. Veit.
Altenkirchen, t. Germany, in the Westerwald.
It was the scene of several obstinate conflicts be-
tween the French and Austrians in 1796. 15 m.
i\. N. E. Coblentz.
Altenkivchen, market t. of Pomerania, near the
point of the peninsula.
Altenlandsberg, t. Prussia in Brandenburg. Pop.
910.
Altenmarkt, or Altenwicht, a market t. in Up-
per Bavaria, 26 m. N. W. Saltsburg.
Altenmarket, two market townsin the Austrian
dominions ; one near the Ens, in Styria, 14 m. N.
E. Rottenmann ; the other in Lower Austria, 4
m. S. W. Baden.
Altenmumter, v. Bavaria, on the Zusam. Pop.
1,170.
Alten-Oettingen, market t. Upper Bavaria.
Pop. 1,400.
AltensMenbach, v. Bavaria, formerly in the ter-
ritory of the imperial city of Nuremberg.
Altenstadt, v jFrance, in Lower Alsace, 9 leagues
N. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,000.
Ahensludt, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500.
ALT
Allemteig, t and lordship, with a castle, in
Lower Austria, 55 m. N. W. Vienna.
Altensteig, t. Wirtemberg, on a rocky hill in
the Black Forest, on Nagold river. Pop. 1,400.
Altentrop, t. in the Prussian province of the
Lower Rhine, 50 m. E. Dusseldorf.
Alter de Chaon, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 84 m.
E. N. E. Lisbon.
Allgebhartsdorf, v. in the S. E. of Upper Lusatia.
Pop. 2,680.
Althorp, harbor on the N. W. coast of King
George the I'Mrd's archipelago, between Point
Lucan and Point Lavinia. There are islands at
its entrance ; on each side of which is a spacious
navigable channel. Lon. 223° 55' E. Lat. 88°
11' N.
AUikon, district, with a v. in the Swiss canton
of Zurich. Pop. 900.
Altin, Altai/, or Teletsk, lake, Asiatic Russia, in
Kolhyvane, 84 m. long, by 56 broad. The source
of the river Biya.
Altisried, t. Bavaria, 6 m. fr. Kemptem. Pop.
1,750.
Altkamitz, v. Silesia, circle of Hirschberg. Pop.
1,240.
Altkirch, t. dep. of the Upper Rhine, in France,
on an eminence, 6 m. S. W. Muhlhausen. Pop.
1,625.
Altlustheim, v. Baden, on the Rhine, opposite
Spires. Pop. 920.
Altmark, a division of the Mark of Brandenburg,
on the W. side of the Elbe. It contained 30 years
ago, an extent of 1,670 square miles, 13 towns, 6
royal bailiwicks, 27 manors, 494 villages, 16,938
houses, and 98,305 inhabitants.
Altmark, t. Prussia, in Little Pomerania, 9 m.
S. S. E. Marienburg.
Alto, San Andres del. 4 villages in S. America :
two in Quito, one in Brazil, and one in Peru.
Altobelo, isl. near the N. coast of Hispaniola,
seen at a great distance. Lon. 71° 18' N. Lat. 17°
38' W.
Altomonte, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; has
mines of gold, silver, iron, and salt, 10 m. S. W.
Cassano.
Altomunster, t. Bavaria, 20 m., N, W, Munich,
Pop. 750.
Alton, market t. Eng. Southamptonshire, 47 m.
W. S. W. London. Pop. 2,316.
Alton t. Straflbrd co. N. H. on the S. end of
Lake Winnipiseogee, 22 m. N. E. Concord. Pop.
1,279.
Alton, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi,
3 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. Near it is
a coal mine. It is a new settlement, regularly
laid out, and is destined to become the commer-
cial capital of the state.
Altona, or AUena, a large city, 2 m. W. Ham-
burgh, on the Elbe, belonging to Denmark. Hou-
ses 3, 1 20. Pop. above 30,000, Lutherans, Calvin-
ists. Catholics, Anabaptists, and Jews. The lat-
ter pay yearly for toleration and protection 2000
ducats. They have a large synagogtie. The
number of vessels is upwards of 100, which trade
in the ports of the Baltic and North seas and the
Mediterranean, and are employed in the fisheries
for herring, cod, whale, and seals. Here are
manufactures of velvet, silk stuffs, calico, stock-
ings, leather, gloves, tobacco, vinegar, starch,
wax, and looking-glasses, with sugar refineries
and brandy. The principal public establishments
are an academy with 7 teachers, a library, a
house of correction, and an orphan-house.
A L V
Allorf, t. Switzeiiand, cap. ofUri, near the riv-
er Reuss, surrounded with rising grounds and
beautiful gardens. Here the tyrant Geisler pro-
ceeded to those indignities, which, through the
patriotism of William Tell, laid the foundation of
the Swiss independence. Pop. 4,000. 20 m. S.
E. Lucern. Lon. 8° 27' E. Lat. 46° 50' N.
Mtorf, or Altdorf., t. Bavaria, capital of a dist.
of the same name, in the circle of Rezat, former-
ly in the territory of the imperial city of Nurem-
berg. Pop. in 1 803, 2,070, of whom 220 belonged
to the now suppressed university. The culture
of hops and brewing are important branches of in-
dustry. 12 m. E. S. E. Nuremberg, 34 E. N. E.
Anspach. Lon. 1 1° 20' E. Lat. 49° 23' N.
Altorf^ an upper bailiwick, parish, and market t.
Suabia, in Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. E. Ravensburg.
Pop. 6,900.
Allorf. t. Hungary, 18 m. N. Leutch,
Allorf v. and castle in the grand duchy of Ba-
den, near Ettenheim. Pop. 1,140, Christians and
Jews.
Allorf V. France, dep. Lower Rhine, 3 leagues
W. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 721.
Altrasen, v. in the Tyrol. Pop. 3,100.
Altreiisch, a market t. Moravia, in the circle of
Iglau, S. of Iglau.
Allnngham, or Altrincham, t. Eng. Cheshire.
It has manufactories of yam, worsted, and cotton,
an annual fair and a weekly market. Pop. 2,082.
179 m. fr. London.
Altscku'ciher, v. in the grand duchy of Baden.
Pop. 1,720.
Allsohl, mining t. Hungary, in the lower circle
of the county of Sohl, on the r. Gran. Pop. 1,770.
There are 2 chalybeate spi'ings in its suburbs. 88
m. E. N. E. Presburg.
Allstadl, t. Wirtemberg, near Rotweil. Pop.
1,600.
Allstadl. t. Moravia. Pop. 1,150.
Allsted, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 5 m. N. W. Aahaus.
Altun Kupri, or Altoun Kopri, the Golden
Bridge, t, Asiatic Turkey, in Bagdad, on the N.
bank of the Little Zab, or Altun. Here is a Turk-
ish garrison. Pop. 2,000. 210 m. fr. Bagdad, 90
S. E. Mosul. Lon. 43° 20' E. Lat. 35° 45' N.
Altun-Su, r. Asia, flows into the Tigris, 10 m.
above Tecrit, in Kurdistan.
Allun-Ta.th, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 20 m.
N. W. Kutayeh.
Altura, V. Spain, in Valencia, 1 m. fr. Segorbe,
Pop. 1,510.
Altwarp, t. on the Frische Haff, Pomerania, 7
m. E. Uckermunde.
Allwasser, v. Silesia. Pop. 560. 2 m. N. Wal-
denburg.
Altwolfach, v. Baden. Pop. 1,350.
Allsenau, t. Hesse, 5 m. S. E. Hauau. Pop.
500.
Allzey, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Selsach.
Pop. 3,051. 23 m. N. W. Worms.
Alum-creek, Ohio, runs into the Big Walnut, 8
m. S. E. Columbus.
Alumpore, t. Bengal, 20 m. W. Midnapore.
Alunkar, district in the N. part of Afghanistan,
between 35° and 36° N. Lat.
Alur, or Alvar, a district, N. W. part of Agra,
India.
Alva, t. Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. N. W. Lamego.
Alva, V. Scotland, Sterlingshire. Pop 909. 4
m, N. Alloa.
A M A
37
Alva de Tormes, t. Spain, in Leon. 12 m. S. S. E.
Salamanca. Here is a palace of the duke of Alva,
in. good preservation, and strangers are shewn the
chamber occupied by the duke. It was one of
lord Wellington's stations, in the campaign ot
1812.
Alvallada, t. Portugal, in^ Alentejo, 16 m. N.
Purique.
Alvanna, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 9 m. S. Vitto-
ria.
Alvano,t. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop, 1,900.
Alvar, fort. Hind, and cap. of a district, 77
m. from Delhi. Lon, 76° 46'E. Lat. 27° 41' N.
Alvarado, large r. of Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs
into the gulf of Mexico, 36 m. S. S. E. Vera Cruz.
Alvarado, t. Mexico, near the mouth of the
above river, 39 m. S. S. E. Vera Cruz.
Alvarcoil, t. Hindostan, in Tinnevellev, 70 m.
N. E. Cape Comorin. Lon, 78° 2* N. 'Lat. 8°
50'l>r.
./4;rare5,t. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop. 1,500.
Alvayazer, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 13 m. N,
Thomar.
Alvechurch, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 5 m.
N. E Bromsgrove. Pop. 1,344.
Alved, t. Sweden, E. Gothland. Lat. 58° 13' N.
Alvenau, commune, Switzerland, in the Grisons.
Near the village is a sulphureous bath.
Alvensleben, v. Prussia, in Magdeburg. Pop.
1,500.
Alverca, t Portugal, on the Tagus, 6 m. N.
Lisbon. Pop. 1,200,
Alverd, t, Persia, in Mazanderan, 60 m, S. S. W.
Fehrabad.
Alverthorpe, t. Eng. Yorkshire, IJ m. fr, Wake-
field, Pop, 3,756.
Alverton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire. Pop. 934. 3
m. fr. Cheadle.
Alvidona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 9 m, N.
E. Cassano.
Al-Fillar, t. Spanish Estramadnra, 9 m. fr.
Placensia. Here are the remains of the Roman
aqueduct, which *conveyed the excellent water of
this place to Caparra.
Alviso, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 10 m. E
Capua.
Alvito,t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S. S. E
Evora.
Alvorninha, t, Portuguese Estremadura, 22 m
S. S, W, Leyria,
Alwen, r. Wales, runs into the Dee, 7 m, N, N,
E. Bala,
Ali/th, t, Scotland, Perthshire, It has yarn and
brown linen manufactures, and 9 annual fairs.
Pop, 2,563. 12 m. W. Forfar.
Alzira, or Algecira, fortified t. Spain, 20 m. S.
Valencia, on the Xucar. Pop. 10,000,
Alzon, t. France, dep, of the Gard. Pop. 900.
50 m, W, Nismes.
Alzonne, t. France, on the Fresquel, dep. of the
Aude. 10 m. W. Carcassone. Pop. 1,510.
Am, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 25 m. S. Felura-
bad.
Amaba, t. Japan, 100 m. E. N. E. Meaco.
Amachetrum, t. Hind, in Marawar, 30 m. S. W,
Tanjore.
Amachura, r. S. America, in Cumana, runs N.
into the Orinoco, at its mouth.
Amacore, large r. S. America, in Guiana, which
runs from the Cordillera, E. into the Atlantic.
Amacuro, r. S. America, in Cumana, runs N.
into the Orinoco at its mouth, de Navio. S.
38
A M A
A M A
Amacusia, isl. Japan, near the Ximo. Lou.
129° 15' E. Lat. 31° 33' N.
Amada, t. Japan, 63 m. N.Meaco.
Amadabas, t. Hind, in Doulatabad, 23 m. S. W.
Amednagur.
Amadan. See Hamadan.
Anwdea, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Meta near its source.
Amadia, t. and fort, Asia, in Kurdistan, on a
lofty mountain. At its base is a plain covered
with villages ; from which there is an ascent, by
a narrow flight of steps cut out of tlie rock. It is a
place of trade. 72 m. N. Mosul.
Amaguana, t. S. America, 10 m. S. Quito.
Arnaguana, r. S. America, in Quito, rises on
the W. declivity of the Andes, and joins the Esme-
raldas near the village of St. Antonio.
Amaillon, v. f^rance, dep. of Deux Sevres, 30
m. N. N. E. Niort.
Amaiuca, r. S. America, runs into the Amazon,
near the mouth of the river Napo.
Amalaeva, r. Siberia, runs into the Frozen
ocean. Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat. 71° 10' N.
Amalagan, or Island of Conception, one of the
Ladrone islands, 3^ m. fr. Gugnan. Lon. 128°
14'E. Lat. 18° 10' N.
Amal/i, or Amalphi, t. Naples. Pop. 2,750. 10
m. S. W. Salerno.
Amambai, r. Paraguay, runs into the Parana,
opposite the isl. Salto.
Aman, district of Sumatra island, near the cen-
tre.
Amana, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount Lebanon.
Amance, t. France, dep. of the Upper Saone.
Pop. 900. 15 m. N. Vesoul ; another, 6 m. N.
Nancy, in the dep. of the Meurthe.
Amancouh, Amankoh, or Eclikilge, fort, Persia,
in Khorassan, 15 m. S. Herat.
Amanda, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Lancas-
ter. Pop. 83G.
Amandarille, p-v. Elbert co. Georgia.
Amangasacki, t. Japan, in Niphon island, 35 m.
S. W. Meaco. •
Amanguchi, t. Japan, cEtp. of Nangaro, and one
of the wealthiest towns of Japan. 215 m. S. W.
Meaco. Lon. 120° 34' E. Lat. 34° N.
Amanibo, r. S. America, in Dutch Guiana, en-
ters the Atlantic, Lat. 5° 57' N. ; also, a t. on
the coast between Paramaribo and Cayenne.
Amantea, t. Naples, on the coast of Calabria Ci-
tra, at the mouth of the Oliva. Pop. 2,700. 12
m. S. W. Cosenza.
Amanu, t. Asia, 10 m. S. Mocatimpour.
Amanzirifdcn, t. Arabia. 440 m. E. Mecca, 584
N. E. Mocha. Lon. 67° 30' E. Lat. 20° 25' N.
Amaonos, t. S. America, in Quito, 20 m. N. E.
St. Joachim de Omaguas.
Amapalla, t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point
of land running into the Pacitic, 12 m. fr. Seui Mi-
-guel.
Amapalla, large gulf on the W. coast of Ameri-
ca, betAveenGuatimala ?.nd Nicaragua ; nearly 60
m. in length, and from 9 to 30 in breadth ; also
called the Gulf of Fonseca. 100 m. N. W. Leon.
Lon. 88° 56' W. Lat. 13° 30' N.
Amapet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 10 m. S, W.
Trichinopoly.
Amara, t. Arabian Irak, 110 m. N. W. Bassora.
Amarante, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
on the Tamega, near its junction with the Douro.
Pop. 4000. 23 m. S. E. Braga, 30 E. N. E. Opor-
to. ^' * " '
Amaraloor, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 12 m. E. JN.
E. Nagoimungalum.
Amarchelta, t. Hind, in Golconda, 18 m. N. Ra-
chore.
Amargos, isl. on the coast of Chili, at the moutli
of the river Valdivia.
Amargnso, r. Brazil, enters the Atlantic between
point Tiburon and point Mello. Lat. 5° S.
Amargura, or Gardner's isl. in the Pacific. It
has marks of volcanic eruptions. Lon. 175° 10'
W. Lat. 17° 57' S.
Amaro, Juan, t. Brazil, in Todos Santos, near
the river Panuaca. Lon. 4U° 14' W. Lat. 13°
17' N. The other villages of this name in S. Amer-
ica are inconsiderable.
Amaruco, r. S. America, runs N. into the Ori-
noco, at its mouth. It is navigable for sloops 10
or 12 miles.
Amarumaiu, a large r. Peru, rises in the Andes,
13° 30' S. lat. and enters the Amazon, in 4° 36' S. lat'.
Amasa, t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 8 m.
E. S. E. Jeddo.
Amasatrum, t. Hind, on the coast of the Car-
natic, 10 m. N. Tondy.
Atnasia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Kizil-
ermark, surrounded by mountains. The mosque
with its two lofty minarets are of hewn stone.
The baths is of hewn stone ; in front of tliem
are promenades under rows of trees. Water is
raised from the riverin buckets fixed to the circum-
ference of large wheels nearly 30 feet in diameter,
turned by the stream. The buckets empty them-
selves into reservoirs, and the water is thence con-
veyed in pipes to the baths and fountains. Wine,
resembling sherry, is made here. It is the birth-
place of the famous geographer Strabo. Pop.
60,000 or 70,000, chieily Christians. 200 m. E.
Constantinople. Lon. 36° 12' E. Lat. 40° 40' N.
Amasreh, or Amestros, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
on a point of land projecting into the Black sea,
150 m. E. N. E. Constantinople. Lon. 32° 24' E'.
Lat. 42° 20' N.
Amassia, t. on the S. E. coast of Timor. Lon.
125° 27' E. Lat. 0° 18' S.
Amathante, v. Cyprus, i m. fr. the S. shore, the
site of an ancient city. 3 m. E. Limasol.
Amatiques, gulf at the bottom of the bay of Hon-
duras. The Gulf of Dolce communicates through
it with the bay.
Amato, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on Amato
river, 7 m. S. E. Nicastro.
AmaUa-foa. See Toofoa.
Amazons, Maranon, or Orellana, r. S. America,
the largest in the world, formed by the Tungura-
gua and the Ucayale. The Tunguragua issues
from the lake Lauricocha, in Peru, lat. 10° 29' S.
The Ucayale is formed by the junction of the Apu-
rimac, and the Beni. It runs into the ocean un-
der the equinoctial line, after a course of more
than 4000 miles. The mouth is about 180 mile3
wide ; the tide water is distinctly felt at Obidos,
400 miles above. Among the rivers which fall in-
to it from the N. are Santiago, Morona, Pastaza,
Tigre, Napo, Negro, Putumayo, Yupura, Yagua-
piri, Curupatuba, and Yari, and from the S. Gual-
laga, Ucayale, Cuchivara, Yahuari, Yutay, or
Yotau, Cayari, Madera, Topaios, Chingu, Guan-
apu, Muju. Its banks are clothed with immense
woods, which afford a haunt for tigers, bears, leop-
ards, -Of ild boars, and venomous reptiles. Its wa-
ters swarm with alligators, some of them from 20
to 30 feet long. The turtles are most deliciou?
A M B
aiid numerous, and various in species and size. In
the neighbouring woods are a variety of birds of
beautiful plumage, and innumerable apes. The
vegetable productions are cacao, cinnamon, va-
nilla, pines, coffee, sugar canes, rice, maize, plan-
tains, lemons, limes, oranges ; also vi^ax, storax,
copal, and other balsams, resins, and medicinal
plants ; precious woods ; such as cedar, red- wood,
holly- wood, pine, and other woods, and some of ex-
treme hardness like ebony. In the freshets the
country for several hundred miles is laid under
water.
Ambacko, t. on the E. coast of Celebes, in Tello
bay. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat. 2° 20' S.
Ambala, t. Cochin, 20 m. N. E. Cranganore.
Ambalah, t. Hind, in the Delhi, belonging to the
Seiks.
Ambanivoules, people in the interior of Ma-
dagascar, at the foot of the Bamboo mountains.
They supply the inhabitants of the coast with pro-
visions.
Ambar, t. Asia, in Karasm, 30 m. S. Urkonje.
Ambares, t France, 4i m. fr. Bordeaux, dep.
of the Gironde.
Ambarpet, t. Hind, in Golconda, 7 m. E. Hydra-
bad.
Anibato, Assienfo, de, cap. of a district of the
same name in S. America, on the banks of a large
river. In 1698 it was destroyed by an eruption of
the volcano of Cotopaxi. It is in a fertile country
and has an extensive commerce. 54 m. fr. Quito.
Lon.780 25' E. Lat. P 14' W.
Ambato, r. S. America, in Quito, and runs with
a tremendous stream, and is passed by a strong
bridge braced with iron. It joins other rivei-s to
fqrm the Patate.
Ambazac, t. France, dep. of the Upper Vienne.
12 m. N. N. E. Limoges. Pop. 2,800.
Ambeer, ancient cap. of Jypore or Jyenaghur in
Hind. Lon. 75° 53' E. Lat 26° 48' N.
Ambelachia, Ambelakia, or Amphilochia, Grecian
V. in Thessaly, on the declivity of mount Ossa, and
on the right bank of the Peneus, between Larissa
and the ^gean sea. The number of dye-houses
for Turkish red yarn is 24, and the yearly export
over land to Germany, 2500 bales (about 7500
cwt.) of thread.
Ambeli, t. Hind, in Canara, 30 m. E. S. E. Man-
galore.
Ambenay, t. France, on the right bank of the
Riile, in the dep. of the Eure, 18 m. S. W. Ev-
reux. It has a considerable linen trade.
Amber, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 145 W. Albany.
Amber Bay, of Yucatan, in the bay of Hondu-
ras. Lon. 88° 50' W. Lat. 19° 42' N.
Amberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of Regen and
the seat of the court of appeal, on the Vils. Pop.
9,000. Here are an academy and lyceum, a hos-
pital, several religious houses, and a convent of
Buns, composed of ladies of noble families, who
maintain a public school for young girls. Also, a
castle, arsenal, government buildings, and for the
mint, one of the finest buildings in Germany. It
has manufactures of fire arms, earthen ware, to-
bacco, and iron, and a public repository for salt.
Pop. of the district, 13,339, exclusive of the town.
Amberg, Little. See Abcnberg.
Ambergrcase-Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras,
on tlie coast of Yucatan. Abounds withfresh wa-
ter lalfps ; is stocked with game, and produces
logwood, and other dye-woods. Lon. 88° 48' W.
Lat. 18° 50' X.
A M B
39
Amber ieu, or St. Germain d'Amberieux, t-
France, in the dep. of the Ain. Pop. 2,850. 20 m-
S. E. Bourg.
Amberi, t. France, on the Dore, dep. of the Puy-
de-Dome. It contains manufactures of woollen
stuffs, needles, thimbles, playing cards, and tape.
Its paperis the best in France. Its export before the
revolution was valued at 40,000/. Near here
are the gi-anite mountains, which separate
Auvei'gne from Forez. Pop. £,467. 27 m. E. Is-
soire.
Ambierte, t. France, in the Lyonnois. Pop.
2,000.
Ambil, one of the Philippine islands. Produces
wax and hemp. On it is a volcano.
Amblaww, or Belaw, one of the Molucca islands.
6 m. S. Bouro. Lon. 127° 0' E. Lat. 3° 55' S.
Ambleside, h Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Ambleleuse, t, France, dep. of Pas de Calais, 4
m. S. Boulogne.
Amboah, t. Bengal, 3 m. S. Culna.
Amboilambs. See Ancove.
Amboisa, s-p. of Madagascar, in Antongil bay.
Lon. 50° 5' E. Lat. 15° 30' S.
Amboise, t. France, at the confluence of the
Amasse and Loire. 15 m. E Tours. Pop. 5,660.
Ambon, t. France, dep. of the Morbihan, 9 m.
S. E. Vannes.
Amboon, t. and district. Hind. 30 m. W. Arcol,
108 W. S.W.Madras.
Amboong, t. on the N. W, coast of Borneo. Lon.
116° 24' E. Lat. 6° 16' N.
Amboton, one of the Philippine islands. Lon.
121° 8' E. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Amboul, or Emboul, v. cap. of Cayor, in W.
Africa, 70 m. N. E. Goree.
Ambour/uiy, t. France, between Lyons and Ge-
neva, 17 m. S. E. Bourg.
Ambay, or Perth Amboy, city, and p-t. Middle-
sex CO. N. J. on a point of land, at the union of
Raritan river with Arthur Kull Sound, 35 m. S.
W. New York, 74 N. E. Philadelphia. It has one
of the best harbors on the continent. Pop. 815.
Shipping in 1816, 10,899 tons.
Amboyna, isl. in the Eastern Se&, the chief of the
Molucca or Spice islands, all the others being de-
pendent on its jurisdiction. Itis between 50 and 60
miles in length. Pop. about 50,000. The clove
tree has been carefully cultivated here for centu-
ries. The cloves are collected tAvice a year : the
average quantity produced in the island exceeds
650,000 pounds ; in some years it amounts to a
million. It is a Missionary station, the most re-
mote of the stations in the Eastern Hemisphere ;
and contains churches, a seminary for educating
Native Teachers to take charge of schools, and a
printing press. 3230 m. S. E. Calcutta. Lon.
128° 15' E. Lat. 3° 40' S.
Ambm^na, t. and cap. of the above island, situ-
ated in the peninsula of Lctymor, on a bay whose
entrance is between two high and steep points,
about 6 miles asunder, and which penetrates
about 21 miles inland, gradually becoming nart
rower. At the site of the town it is two miles
across, with deep water. On the S. shore of the
bay, and in front of Amboyna, is Fort Vittoria.
mounting six pieces of cannon, and containing
several public offices. The town is regularly
built, in form of an oblong square, 300 rods long,
and 100 broad. Most of the houses consist of only
one story, on account of the frequent earthqunkrs.
Lon. 128° 15 E. Lat. 3° 4^ S.
40
A M E
A M E
Ambozes, three small islands near the mouths of
the river Camarones, on the coast of Benin, in
Africa. Lat. 4° 15' N.
Ambrarttly, r. Hind, rises 8 m. S. Coimbetoor,
and runs into the Cavery, 8 m. E. N. E. Caroor.
Ambrieres, t. France, dep. of Mayenne. Pop.
2,230. 6 m. N. Mayenne.
Ainbriz, r. of Congo, in Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic in lat. 7° S.
Airibrosis, a cluster of islands, near the coast of
Darieu. Lon. 77° 50' W. Lat. 8° 38' N.
Ambri/m, isl. in the Pacific, one of the New He-
brides. Lon. 168° 20' E Lat. 16° 15' S.
Amchitche, one of the Fox islands. 'Lon. 178°
14' E. Lat. 53° 22' N.
Amcod, t. Hind. 51 m. N. Surat.
Ameapah, t. Hind. 22 m. E. Tanjore.
Ameca,t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 40 m. S. W.
Guadakvxara.
Amednagur, country, Hind, bounded N. by Can-
deish and Malwa, W. by the Balaghaut mountains,
S. by Bejapour, and E. by Berar.
Amednagur, city, cap. of the above, at the foot
of the Balaghaut mountains, 63 m. N. E. Poonah,
105 N. N. W. Bejapour. Lon. 74° 52' E. Lat.
17° 6' N.
Amedjiour, t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 ra. S. Cuttack.
Ameenabad, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lat. 32° 10'
N. Lon. 73° E.
Am-Eis, t. Germany, in Carinthia, on the
Drave, 5 m. W. S. W. of Lavamund.
Amelia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 18
m. S. S. W. Spoleto. Lon. 12° 19' E. Lat. 42°
35' N.
Amelia, co. Va. Pop. 10,594. Slaves 7,186.
At the courthouse is a p-v. 58 m. S. W. Richmond.
Amelia, isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of E.
Florida., 7 leagues N. St. Augustine, at the mouth
of St Mary's river. Lat. 30° 28' N. It is 13 miles
long, and 2 broad. Chief town, Fernandiua.
Aimliasburg, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Can-
ada, on the bay of Quinti, S. W. Kingston.
Amendolaia, L Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 2 m.
W. Bova.
Amendolara, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 14 m.
N. E. Cassano.
Amenia, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. N. E.
Poughkecpsie. Pop. 3,073. Here is a marble
quarry.
Ameny, one of the Laccadive islands, in the In-
dian ocean. Lon. 72° 30' E. Lat. 1 1° 37' N.
Amer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. Gerona.
Amerga, r. Siberia, flows into the Aldan. Lon.
135° 14' E. Lat. 39° 25' N.
A^neria, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 72 m. E.
Kutayeh. Lon. 32° 14' E. Lat. 39° 25' N.
America, one of the four grand divisions of the
globe, bounded on the E. by the Atlantic, which
separates it from Europe and Africa, and on the
W. by the Pacific, which separates it from Asia.
Towards the N. its limits have not been discover-
ed. Towards the S. it terminates in a poijit call-
ed Cape Horn. It is more than 9000 miles long,
and on an average about 1500 broad, extending
from lat. 56° S. to beyond lat. 70° N. and from 55°
to 170° W. lon. and contains according to Hassel,
16,504,254 square miles. The population is com-
monly estimated at 35,000,000. America excels
the old world in the size and grandeur of its moun-
tains, lakes, and rivers. A range of mountains
runs from N. to S. through the whole length of the
continent, a distance of more than 11,000 miles :
beginning at the southern extremity of the conti-
nent, in lat. 54° S. extending along the western
coast, and terminating, it is supposed, in lat. 70°
N. on the Frozen ocean. America excels the old
world also in tlie abundance of precious metals.
More than nine-tenths of all the silver in the
world comes from the mines of Spanish America.
In the course of three centuries it is estimated
that they have yielded 316,000,000 lbs?, of pure
silver. This continent is divided by the isthmus
of Darien, into North and South America.
North America comprehends, I. British Amer-
ica : under which is included Nova Scotia, New-
Brunswick, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and
the island of Newfoundland. II. The United
States, III. The Spanish provinces of Mexico
and Guatimala. There are two great ranges of
mountains in N. America, the western and the
eastern. The western is part of the great Ameri-
can range, and runs from S. to N. through Guati-
mala, Mexico, the United States and British
America. The part of this range which is in
Mexico is called the Cordilleras of Mexico, and
the part N. of Mexico, the Rocky Mountains.
The eastern range is wholly within the United
States, and is called the Alleghany range. The
principal lakes in N. America are Ontario, Erie,
Huron, Superior, Michigan, Winnipeg, and
Slave lake. The principal rivers are Mackenzie's,
Nelson's, the St. Lawrence, the Mississippi, Red
river, Arkansaw, Missouri, Ohio, del Norte, Colo-
rado, and Columbia.
South America comprehends, I. The Spanish
provinces of New Gi'enada, Venezuela, Peru,
Chili, and Buenos Ayres. II. Guiana, belonging
to the English, Dutch, French, Spaniards, and
Poi'tuguese. III. Brazil, belonging to the Portu-
guese. IV. Patagonia, belonging to the Aborigi-
nes. The principal mountains are the Andes,
which run along the whole western coast, and are
a part of the great American range. The princi-
pal rivers are the Amazon, La Plata, and Oronoco.
America, t. and cap, Alexander co. Illinois, on
the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Missis-
sip])!. It is elevated above the floods of the river,
and the navigation to this place is almost unob-
structed.
Amerongen, t. Netherlands, 14 m. E. S. E.
Utrecht. Pop. 1,020.
Amerpore, t. Hind, on the N. W. side of Eay-
mutty river, 10 m. E. Mockwanpore. Lon. 85^
28' E. Lat. 27° 31' N.
Amerschia, or Amasia, desert of Arabia, in Hed-
jas, N. of Yemen.
Amersfort, or Amersfoord, the second town in
Utrecht, on the Eem, which is here navigjible. Its
inhabitants are employed in the tobacco trade,
manufacture of dimities, bombazeens, and other
stufi's, and glass ; and carry on an active commerce
in corn. It has communication by canals with the
principal towns in Holland. Pop. 8,584. 32 m.
S. S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 4' E. Lat. 52° P/
N. ■
Amersham, or Agmondesham, t. and bor. Eng.
Buckinghamshire. Cotton, sacking, and lace, are
its chief manufactures. Pop. 2,259. 26 m. N.
W. London.
Ames, t. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Athens.
Pop. 608.
Amesbury, or Ambresbury, t. Eng. Wiltshire, on
the Avon. It is the birth place of Addison.
Stonehenge is 2 miles W. of this town. It consists
of 2 circles, and two ovals which are concentric.
The outer circle is of 97 feet diameter, and was
AMI
AMP
41
ori°:inally compoJcd of 30 pillar?, 14 feet high, on
which were laid slabs 6 or 7 feet broad, and 3 or
4 thick ; 17 pillars and 6 slabs now remain. The
interior cii'cle was originally composed of 29 pil-
lars ; 9 of which remain. Of the ovals within the
circles, there remain two trilothons : stones placed
a.s the lintel of a door, which are 16 or 17 feet
high ; and a single pillar 22 feet high. Pop. 723.
6 m. from Salisbury.
Amesbwn/, t. Essex co. Mass. on the N. side of
the Merrimack, 6 m. W. N. W. Newburyport.
Pop. 1,890.
Amginskaia, v. and fort, Russia, on the Amga,
104 m.S. E. Yakutsk.
Amgong, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 20 m. E. Ou-
dighir.
Amhara, a general division of Abyssinia, com-
prehending the provinces W. of the Tacazze.
Amiiersi, t. Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on
Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La
Planch, Napan and Macon.
Amherst, p-t. and half shire, Hillsborough co.
N. H. 30 m. S. Concord, 48 N. W. Boston, 60 W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,5.54.
Amherst, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. N. E.
Northampton, 85 W. Boaton. Pop. 1,469. It has
a flourishing academy.
Amiierst, co. Va. on James r. Pop. 10,548.
Slaves, 2,207. At the courthouse is a p-v. 130 m.
W. Riclimond.
Amherst springs, p-v. Amherst co. Va. 124 m. W.
Richmond.
Amhtrstburg, or Maldeti, t. and cap. Essex co.
Upper Canada, on Detroit r. .3 m. above its en-
trance into Lake Erie, and 14 below Detroit. It
has about 150 houses, and a good harbor with an-
chorage in 3i fathoms.
Amianthus, v. Cyprus, near Pallandors. As-
bestos is found near it. The Romans wrapt the
dead bodies of their emperors in cloth made of it,
and burnt them to preserve their ashes.
Amice, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Cape
Delgado. Lat. 10° 35' S.
Amiculdungama, t. Hind, in Mysose, 12 m. N.
W. Bangalore.
Ainiens, formerly the chief town of Picardy,
and now the capital of the dep. of the Somme. It
is situated on the Somme, 14 leagues from the
sea. , Pop. 40,000. Serge, and other woollen
stuffs, are manufactured in the town and neigh-
bourhood. The definitive treaty of peace between
England and France, was signed here on 25th
March, 1802. 30 m. S. E. Abbeville.
Aminadab, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 6 m. N. Yez-
didkast.
Aminaigpollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m.
W. Trichinopoly.
Aminsio, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, 54 m.
N. Hornosand.
Amirabad, t. Bengal, 14 m. S. S. E. Islamabad.
Amirante Bay. See Almirante Bay.
Amissville, p-v. Culpepper co. Va. 86 m. W.
Washington.
Amite, co. Mississippi, on Amite r. Chief t.
Liberty. Pop. 4,750.
Amite, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iberville 40
m. above its entrance into lalce Maurepas. It
is navigable for boats nearly to its source.
Amitur, t. Hind, in Concan, 38 m. N. Gheriah.
Amity, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Amity, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
■ ^^n;7V Berks CO. Pa. Pop. 1,090.
IK
Amlah, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 28 m. S. W-
Amednagur.
Amlav, t. on E. coast of Panay, one of the
Phihppine islands. Lon. 122° 35' E. Lat. 11° 10' N.
Amliak, one of the Aleutian islands in the Pa-
cific. Lon. 187° 14' E. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Amlu'ich, s-p. Wales, in N. E. corner of Angle-
sey, which has arisen from the state of a poor fish-
ing town, in consequence of the opening of cop-
per mines in 1768. The town is inhabited almost
exclusively by miners and persons connected with
the mines. Pop. 4,629. 18 m. from Holyhead.
Ammah, in Sac. Geog. a hill near Gibeon.
Amman, t. Palestine, called Rabbah Amnion in
Scripture. It was the capital of the Ammonites,
and when besieged and captured by Joab, Uriah
was killed here. In profane history its name was
Philadelphia. 52 m. N. E. Jerusalem.
Ammaro. t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 40
m. S. W. Ofara.
Ammer, mountains in the S. part of Algiers.
Ammersee, lake, Bavaria, 18 m. S. W. Munich.
Ammerwcyer, Ammericeikr, or Ammeschiceir, t,
France, dep. of Upper Rhine, 4 m. N. W. Cclmar.
Ammonoosuck, Lower, r. N. H. rises in the White
Mountains, near the sources of the Merrimack,
and runs W. into the Connecticut at Bath.
Ammonoosuck Upper, r. N. H. runs into the Con-
necticut at Northumberland.
Amoas, v. Palestine, fonuerly named Emmaus,
and tlien Nicopolis. Tliere are two other villages
in Palestine of the same name, one near lake Ti-
berias, another supposed to be mentioned by St.
Luke. Amoas is often mistaken for the castle of
Emmam, whither Christ went afte» his resurrec-
tion. 22 m. from Jerusalem.
Amoeneburs, t. Upper Hesse. Pop. 1,050. 4 m.
N. N. E. Mentz.
Amoerang, t. on N. W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
124° 12' E. Lat. 0° 55' N.
Amol, Amul, or Amu, city, in Great Bukharia,
on the left bank of the Jihon, there called Amol,
150 m. W. Samarcand, 300 N. Herat. Lon. 60°
40' E. Lat. 39° 30' N.
Amol. See Amul.
Amond, r. Wales, falls into the Loughen.
Amora, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 120 m. S.
E. Bagdad.
Amorbach, or Amerbach, t. Germany, 20 m. N.
E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,500.
Amorgo, isl. in the Greek Archipelago. Lou.
25°50'E. Lat. 36° 53' N.
Amorgo Poulo, isl. in the Archipelago, 6 m. W.
Amorgo. Lon. 25° 44' W. Lat. 36° 45' N.
Amoria, t. A. Turliey, in Natolia, on the Saka-
ria, 50 m. S. W. Angora.
Amoskeag falls, in the Merrimac, 15 m. below
Concord, around which a canal is dug. The de-
scent is 48 feet 3 inches in the course of half a
mile.
Amofape, v. Peru, between Tumbez and Piura.
Lon. 80° 42' W. Lat; 4° 50' S.
Amoul, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 18 m. N. Dara-
porum.
Amoulee, t. Hind, in the Dooab.
Amoura, v. in Algiers, 160 m. S. of the city of
Algiers.
Amoy, r. runs into the Hiwassee, a S. branch of
Tennessee r.
Amayambo, t. S. America, in Tucuman.
Ampazita, t. Eu. Turkev, in Bessarabia, 35 m,
E. N. E. Galat/.
42
A M S
AMU
ing, V. on the Iser, in Bavaria, 15 m. S.
Dingelfingen.
Amphila Bay, in the Red sea, on the coast of
Abyssinia.
Ampkilochia. See Ambelachia.
Jimphipolis, in Sac. Geog. city of Macedonia,
on the confines of Thrace, and nearly surrounded
by the river Strymon.
Amplepuis, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 12 m.
E. S. E. Roanne. Pop. 3,300.
AmpthUl, t. Eng. Bedfordshire. Pop. 1,277, 12
ni. N. Dunstable.
Amptits, or Amptlilz, t. in Lower Lusatia, 5 m.
S. Guben.
Ampurias, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 58 m. N. E.
Barcelona. Pop. 2,200.
Amra, I. Hind, in Behar, 12 m. E. Noony.
Amm, V. Sweden, rises in Jamtland, and joins
the Ragunda, 17 m. E. Stugun.
Amran, t. Arabia, 20 m. N. W. Sana.
Amran, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon, 70° 35' E.
Lat. 22° 35' N.
Amretsir (the Pool of Immortality), t. Hind, in
Lahore, the chief place of religious worship of the
Seik nation. It is on the high road between Ca-
bul and Delhi, Cashmere and the Dekkan, and is
a great emporium of trade.
Amschelberg, t. Bohemia, 24 m. S. Pi'ague. Lon.
14° 2' 8" E. Lat. 40° 42' N.
Amsoing, v. in Luxemburg.
AmsteJ, r. Holland, runs tlirough the city of
Amsterdamj^nd discharges itself into tlie arm of
Zuyder Zee called the Wye.
Amstelveen, v. Holland, 6 m. S. Amsterdam.
Amsterdam, the largest, richest, and most popu-
lous city in the Netherlands, is on the arm of Zuy-
der Zee called the Y or Wye. In former ages it
was a simple village, meanly built, and inhabited
by fishermen. It was encompassed with walls and
other fortifications in 1482, and by successive ac-
cessions in size and population (particularly in the
years 1585, 1599, 1612, and 1658), became in the
17th century, one of the first trading cities of Eu-
rope. One great cause of its rapid progress was
the decay of Antwerp. The river Amstel divides
it into the Old or Eastern and the New or West-
ern Towns. From the marshy nature of the soil,
it has been necessary to build almost the whole
city on oaken piles driven into the ground. It is
intersected throughout by canals, which cut each
other in a thousand different ways. Several
streets are lined with trees, and form agreeable
promenades. On the land side it is defended by a
wall and regular bastions, with a broad and deep
ditch ; and by means of the sluices the whole ad-
joining country can be laid under water. To-
wards the sea it is provided with no fortifications ;
but the entrance to the ha.rbor is guarded by two
rows of piles, with openings for the admission of
vessels, which are shut at night. The stadthouse
stands on a foundation of 13,659 piles, in an open
square in the centre of the city. It is built of
freestone, (except the ground floor, which is
brick,) is 282 feet long, 235 broad, and, without
reckoning the tower, 116 high. Its interior is
adorped w;th marble, jasper, statues, paintings,
and other costly ornaments. Among the other edi-
fices, are the magnificent East and West India
houses, exchange, bank, admiralty, three weigh-
liouses, corn-exchange, and tower. In the old
church is a chapel, with windows of painted glass.
The new church contains the tombs of De Ruyter.
Bentink, and Vcftidel. The Jews possess splendid
synagogues. The principal public estabiishmeuit
are the arsenals and dock-yards, the academy,
grammar school, anatomical and surgical college,
the work-house, house of correction or rasp-huis,
orphan-house, hospital for old men, establisliment
for widows, lazaretto, lunatic asylum, the botanic
garden, &c. The exchange, so long famous in
the mercantile world, is a plain but stately fabric
of freestone, covered with tiles, and is in length
230 feet, and in breadth 130. It is fitted to con-
tain about 4,500 persons, and is daily resorted to
after midday by all concerned in exchange or oth-
er mercantile business. In former days it was
not uncommon to see 100 vessels enter the port
with the same tide, and there commonly lay to-
gether in the harbor 600 vessels and upwards. The
objects of this commerce were grain, wine, groce-
ries, spiceries, dye-stuffs, fish, Virginian and Bra-
zil tobacco, all Baltic merchandise, cotton, and
other productions from the Levant and Barbary ;
the products of Italy, Spain, France, and the
north of Europe; gold, silver, jewellery, and ali
kinds of colonial produce. In the town and ad-
joining country are manufactured all sorts of stuffs,
damasks, galoon lace, velvet, woollen cloths, car-
pets, and leather; there are also refineries of su-
gar, borax, camphire, cinnabar, sulphur, &c.
Its commerce declined during the 20 years that
preceded the general pacification of 1814. The
immediate causes were the war with England in
1780, the interior troubles in 1787, and above all,
the occupation of the country by the French, the
consequent war with England, and loss of the
Dutch colonies. It is doubtful if this city will
ever regain its former population and opulence,
now that the Scheldt is open, and Antwerp in the
enjoyment of that good government and wise reg-
ulations which formerly were found only in Hol-
land. The population in 1785 was 230,000, but
in 1812 below 200,000. It is 5 m, W. of the Zuy-
der Zee, 65 N. Antwerp, and 240 N. by E. Paris.
Lon. 4° 40' E. Lat. 52° 25' N.
Amsterdam, p-t. Montgomery co, N. Y. on Mo-
hawk r. 30 m. W. Albany. Pop. 3,039.
Amsterdam, isl. near N. W. coast of Ceylon. Lat.
9° 50' N.
Amsterdam Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. It
is 11 miles in circuit, 700 feet high, and has a very
fertile soil. The interior of the island is inacessi-
ble except by an entrance on tlie east. The whole
is of volcanic formation. Seals resort to the shore
in droves of 800 or 1000, and their capture has
been followed as a profitable adventure. Lon.
76° 54' E. Lat. 37° 47' S.
Amsterdam, JVew, the seat of government of
Berbice, in Guiana, is situated between the rivers
Berbice and Canje, near their confluence, 52 m.
S. S. E. Stabrook. Lon. 57° 15' W. Lat. 6° 20' N.
Amstoss, V. SAvitzerland, canton of Appenzel,
with a chapel erected in memory of the overthrow
of Frederick of Austria by the Swiss in 1405, 4 m.
S. W. Rheineck.
Amstotten, v. Austria; where the Austrians and
Russians were defeated by the French in 1805. 8
m. S. W. Ips.
Amtshitka, one of the Aleutian islands, about 60
miles long.
Amtssell, t. Wirtemberg, district of the lake of
Constance, 8 m. E. Ravensburg. Pop. 2,130.
Amuchta, one of the Aleutian islands, with a
volcano.
Amul, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Arasbei,
here crossed by a stone bridge. Here are the re-
ANA
A N C
4S
mains of a castle with thick brick walls ; a large
palace in the suburbs, of two stories ; and three
sepulchral towers : fire temples of the ancient Gu-
ebres. Pop. 800, who subsist by the culture of
vice and cotton, and by the iron forges and cannon
founderies in the neighbourhood. 120 m. E. N.
E. Casbin. Lon. 52° 15' E. Lat. 36° 40' N.
^mulrie, v. Scotland, iu Perthshire, 66 m. from
Edinburgh.
Amur,) r. Asia, rising in Chinese Tartary, in the
Kontaihan mountains, in 49° N. lat. and 109° E.
lon. and flowing into the sea of Okhotsk, in about
53° N. lat. opposite Saghalin, It is formed by the
confluence of the Argun and Schilka. Schilka is
formed by the union of the Onon and Ingoda. It
is called Schilka by the Tungoose; Saghalin Oula,
signifying the Black Mountain river, by the I'ar-
tars ; and Ghelon Kiangh, or the Dragon river,
by the Chinese. The Chinese keep a guard of
armed boats at its mouth, and are jealous of tlie
preservation of it.
Anmsco, t. Spain, in Leon, 1 m. N. Palencia.
Amuturi, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Cazanare, and enters the Orinoco on the N. side.
Amwell, V. Eng. in Hertfordshire. Here is
the source of the canal called New River, design-
ed to supply London with water, 21 m. N. Lon-
don, IS. W.Ware.
Amwell, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 16 m. N. Tren-
ton. Pop. 5,777.
Amwell, t. Washington co. Pa. S. W. Pittsburg.
Pop. 1,673.
Ana, t. Sweden, in Savolax, 80 m. N. N. E.
Nyslot.
Ana, or Anah, t. in the Arabian Irak, or pacha-
lic of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates.
Pop. 3,000. 260 m. E. Damascus, 220 S. E. Alep-
po. Lon. 41° 15' E. Lat. 34° N.
Anab, in Sac. Geog. t. in the hill country of Ju-
dah, S. of Jerusalem.
Ana Capri, t. on the Neapolitan island of Capri.
It stands in the middle of the island, nearly 2000
feet above the level of the sea. The ascent to
the town is by a staircase of 552 steps. See
Capri.
Anacur, or JVuachir, t. Syria, 6 m. N. Acre.
Anadyr, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Anadyr
in 64° 30' N. lat. 176° 30' E. lon.
Anadyrskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Anadyr. Lon.
165° 14' E. Lat. 66° 9' N.
Anagni, t. Italy, in the Slates of the Church,
r28 m. S. E. Rome.
Anahuac, Indian name of New Spain.
Anaia-tuba, t. Brazil, in Para, on the N. side of
Marajo isl. 20 m. E. Parana. Lat. 0° 12' S.
Anaklea, t. Abasia, at the efflux of Enguri river
into the Black sea.
Anakopia, t. Abasia, on the Black sea, 40 m. W.
(snagur. Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 43° 30' N.
Anak-Sungei, district, on the S. W. coast of Su-
matra. Its capital is Moco Moco.
Anamaboe. See Annamaboe.
Anambas, islands in the Chinese sea. Lon. 105°
56' E. Lat. 3° N. divided into Great, Little, and
«outh,
Anamooka. See Annamooka.
Anamsagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 20 m. W.
Moodgul. Lon. 7G° 32' E. Lat. 16° 17' N.
Anana, t. Spain, in Biscay, 16 m. S. S. W. Or-
duna,'
Ananes, 3 islands in the Grecian -irchinelago. 3
" jes S. AV, Milo isl.
t
Ananpour, t. Hind, in Bcdnore, 20 m. S. E.
Bednore, 120 N. W. Seringapatam.
Anantapooram, t. Hind, in Wandicotta, 63 m.
N, E. Cuddapali. Lon. 78° 6' E. Lat. 14° 41' N.
Anantapour, t. Hind. 13 m. E. Cuddapah.
Anantasagarun, t. Hind, in Golconda, 10 m. N.
W. Waremgole.
AnantasapUly, t. Hind. 18 m. W. Rajamundry,
Anantoor, t. Hind, in Barramaid, 12 m. N. W.
Darempoory.
Anantpour, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 85 m. N. E,
Chittledroog, 140 N. N. E. Seringapatam.
Ananuri, t. and fort, Georgia, in Sseristo, on
the Arkala, 40 m. N. N. W. Teflis.
Anapa, or Anapea, i. Circassia, on Sundjik bay.
in the Black sea, 70 m. E. S. E. Theodosia. Lon,
37° 10' E. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Anapapooly, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 22 m. N
W. Daraporum.
Anappes, t. France, on the Margue, dep. of the
North, 2 leagues from Lille. Pop. 2,000.
Anarghia, v. Mingrelia, 2 m. fr. the Black sea,
9 fr. Cotatis, and on the site of ancient Heraclea.
Lon. 41° 46' E. Lat. 42° 40' N.
Anarodgurra, t. Ceylon, 65 m. N. Candy.
Anatolia. See JVatolia.
Anattom, the most southern island of the New
Hebrides.
Anaurai-Pucu, r. Portuguese Guiana, falls into
the Amazon.
Anazarba. See Anzarba.
Anbar, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Euphratef,
35 m. W. Bagdad.
Anbar, t. Great Bukharia, 70m. S. S. W. Bulkh.
Lat. 36° N.
Anbord, t. Persia, in Khorasan, 150 m. N. E.
Mesched.
An^a, Point, on the coast of Chili, at the en-
trance of the river Valdivia,
Ancaon, t. Portugal, in Beira, 5 m. S. E. Coim-
bra.
Ancarano, t. of the popedom, in Ancuna. on the
Tronto, 6 m. S. Ascoli.
Ancaster, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, the Roman
Crocolana. 8 m. fr. Grantham.
Ancaster, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, S. W.
York.
Ancaye, territory of Madagascar, on the E.
coast. It abounds in cattle.
Ante, or Anst, t. France, on the Saone, in the
dep. of the Rhone, 4A leagues N. Lyons. Pop.
1,640.
Aiueaume. See Bourbon PAncy.
Ance, Grand, t. island of Martinique, on the N .
coast.
Ance, Grand, Bay, island of San Christobal ; al-
so the name of three bays in the Island of Guada-
loupe.
Ance, Petite, t. island of St. Domingo, 5 m. S.
Cape St. Fran9ois.
Ancenis, t. on the coast of France, dep. of the
Lower Loire. Its trade is in wood, corn, and
wine. 8 leagues N. E. Nantes. Pop. 3,295.
Ancerville, t. France, dep. of the Meusc, 4
leagues S. W. Bar. Pop. 2,200.
Ancerville, v. France, dep. of the Moselle, 4
leagues S. E. Metz.
Ancha, t. Georgia, in Saltabaso, 68 m. S. W,
Aghalzighe.
Anchediva. See Angediva.
Anchitty, ov Anchitlydurgnm, Englishfort, Hind,
in the Mysore, 25 m. fr. Coveriporam.
44
A N C
A N D
Ancholme, r. Eng. flows into the Humber.
Arichor Island, near the S. entrance of Dusky
bay, New Zealand. Lon. 166° 16' E. Lat. 45°
46' N.
Anchorites, islands off the N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon. 145° 15' E. Lat. 0° 45' S.
Anchor Point, N. W. coast of America, on the
E. side of Cook's inlet. Lon, 208° 48' E. Lat.
59° 39' N.
Anciaons, i. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 10
m. V/. Torre de Moncorvo.
Ancigne, v. France, dep. of the Deux-Sevres,
7 leagues S. S. E. Niort.
AncinaJe, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 7 m. S.
S. E. Squillace.
Ancisa de Moncorvo, t. in Tuscany, near the
Arno, 10 m. S. E. Florence.
Anckerlioltz, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia, 30 m. W.
N. W. Dantzic.
Anckun, t. Germany, adjoining Zerbst.
AncHffe, hamlet, Eng. Lancashire. Here is a
well, the vapour of which will take fire and burn
like spirits, the flame continuing a whole day in
calm weather. 2 m. fr. Wigan.
Anclin, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 4 m. fr. Palatia.
Anclote Point, California, lies in lon. 115° 11'
VV. lat. 29° 17' N.
Anco, t. Peru, in Huamanga. j^at. 13° 14' S.
Ancober, or Anliobra, r. Gold Coast of Africa,
runs between Ahantah and Apollonia, into the
sea.
Ancocus Creek, N. J. falls into the Delaware, 6
ra. S. W. Burlington. It is navigable 16 miles.
Ancon, el, t. Peru, on the coast, 20 m. N. Lima.
Ancon, gulf, S. America, in Quito. Lat. 1°
25' N.
Ancon, Cape, the N. point of Chiloe isl. in the
Pacific. Lon. 80° W. Lat. 42° S.
Ancona, La Marca d\ province of Italy, in the
Ecclesiastical state, lying betwfeen the Appennines
and the Adriatic sea, has the Marca di Fermo S.
and the duchy of Urbino N. It forms part of the
Papal province of La Marca, which comprises
besides it the Marca di Fermo, Urbino, and Fano.
The capital is Macerata.
Ancona, t. in the above province, on a point of
land projecting into the gulf of Venice. On one
of the moles in the harbor, is a triumphal arch
erected in honour of Trajan. It was declared a
free port in 1732, and became a rival of Venice.
The principal branches of its commerce are those
connected with agency and commission. Goods
from the north of Europe, are here exchanged for
the productions of Germany, Italy, Hungary,
Bosnia, and Turkey. The exports are grain,
wool, skins, silk, sail-cloth, ship-biscuits, soap,
alum, sulphur, and the fruits of tlie soutli. The
imports are, from England, tin, lead, herrings, and
camblets; from Holland, various raw materials,
sugar, cocoa, coffee, spices, and cloth ; from Rus-
sia, leather ; from Sweden, tar ; fi-om Bosnia and
Turkey, cotton ; and from Germany, iron. Here
is a sugar refinery, a manufactory of white paint
and lead, and a Eoap-work. Pop. 20,000. 116 m.
N. by E. Rome. Lon. 13° 35' E. Lat. 43° 36' N.
Ancona, r. S. part of Abyssinia, falls into the
Han?.zo.
Ancora, isl. on the coast of Brazil, in Rio Ja-
neiro.
Ancornymes, t. Peru, in Omasuyos, on the E.
shore of lake 'Titicaca, 70 m. N. N. \V. La Paz.
Ajuove, central district of Madagascar, E. of
the mountains. The inhabitants breed silk worm?,
cuitivctte cotton, and work mines of iron; and
deal largely in the slave trade. Pop. 25,000.
Ancram, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Ancram creek.
Here are extensive iron works. The ore is sup-
plied chiefly from Salisbuxy, Connecticut.
Ancre, Encre, or Albert, t. France, dep. of the
Somme. Pop._ 1,940. Here are presses for calico
and carpets, linen bleachfields, and a saltpetre
work. 5 leagues E. N. E. Amiens.
Ancritm, v. Scotland, Roxburgh co. on the Te-
viot. A battle was fought here in 1544 between
the Scots and English. Pop. 300. 3 m. fr. Jed-
burgh, 45 S. E. Edinburgh.
Ancy-le-Duc, t. France, dep. of the Saone and
Loire, 1 league N. Marcigny.
Ancy-le-Franc, t. France, dep. of the Yonne.
Pop. 1,240. 10 leagues E. Auxerre.
Ancy-le-Serveux, t. France, dep. of the Yonne,
H league fr. Tonnere.
Anny-sur-Moselle, t. France, dep. of th« Mo-
selle, 2i leagues S. W. Metz.
Andacollo, t. Chili, in Coquimbo, the seat of the
gold mines in the district.
Andahuailas, province, Peru, bordering on the
Andes, 24 leagues long, and 15 wide. It produ-
ces, wheat, maize, and fruits, and annually be-
tween 750,000 and 1,000,000 lbs. sugar. Pop.
12,000.
Andalause, s-p. Algiers, 15 m. W. Oran.
Andalusia, or Vandalusia, province, Spain, com-
prehending Seville, Cordova, Jaen, and Granada.
It is on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic at the
Straits of Gibraltai'. The principal rivers are the
Guadalquiver, navigable for large vessels to Se-
ville, and the Guadiana, which separates it from
Portugal. Its products are cattle, wool, oil, corn,
honey, silk, sugar, and wine. The mines yield
quicksilver, cinnabar and antimony. Pop. in
1787,738,153. Chief towns, Cadiz and Seville..
Andalusia, J^ew. See Guiana,
Andalusia, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Andaman, t. Fezzan, in Africa, 165 m. E. Mour-
zouk.
Andaman, Great, and Little, Islands, on the E.
side of the bay of Bengal. The length of the
Great Andaman is 150 m. its breadth from 18 to 30.
Little Andaman, 30 miles S. is 28 m. long, and
17 broad. Here are the banyan tree, tlie almond
tree, the oil tree, tall and affording oil, which is
extracted by filling an excavation of the trunk
with fire, the vine tree of extreme hardness ; a-
bundanceof fine shells, molluscas, and fish. Pop.
about 2,600. Lon. 92° E. Lat. 10° 32' 14" N.
Andumas, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 130 m. W. I—
pahau.
Andance, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche. Pop.
860. 7 leagues S. Vienne.
Andaye, t. France, in the Lower Pyrenees, 2i
leagues S. St. Jean de Luz.
Andechud, t. Bulkh, on the Jihon, 60 m. S. S.
W.Bulkh.
Andeer, t. Switzerland, in the Grisons, 8 m. S.
S. W. Tusis.
Andegan, or Ferganah, t. in Turkestan, capital
of the district of Ferganah, 210 m. N. N. E. ba-
marcand. Lon. 67° 30' E. Lat. 42° 18' N.
Andeljingen, t. Switzerland, in the canton pf
Zurich, on the Thur, 17 m. N. N. E. Zurich.
Pop. 2,000.
Andelis, t. Normandy, propei-ly consisting of
two, viz. the Great and Little Andeli, in the Ei^ije.
Pop. 5,256. 8 leagues S. E. Roden.
AND
A N I>
45
AtideUi/, r. France, falls into the Seme 9 m.
above Rouen. •
Andelspach^ r. Germany, runs into the Danube
near Scheer.
Anderab, t. Usbeck Tartary, 130 m. froai Bulkh.
Lon. 68° 40' E. Lat. 36° 3' N.
Andeiiecht, t. Netherlands, 3 m. S. W. Brussels.
Andermatt. See Ursertn.
Andcrnach, t. on the Rhine, in the grand duchy
of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. VV. Coblentz, 25 S.
3. E. Cologne. Pop. 2,020.
Andero, isl. gulf of Mexico, S. S. E. Cape Gra-
cios a Dios, Lat. 12° 30' N.
Andcfso7i, CO. East-Tennessee, on Clinch r. N.
VV. Knoxville. Chief t. Clinton. Pop. 3,959.
Slaves, 260.
Anderson, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,358.
Anderson'' s Island, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica. Lon. 167° 40' W. Lat. 63° 10' N.
Anderson' s-store, p-v. Caswell co. N. C. 56 m.
N. W. Raleigh.
Anderson's r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio below
Troy.
Andersonville, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C.
Andes, called by the Spaniards Cordillera de
ios Andes, an immense chain of mountains which,
under various names, runs through the whole
continent of America. They commence near the
straits of Magellan in lat. 54° S. and passing along
the coast of the Pacific ocean, through Patagonia,
Chili, Peru, and New Granada, cross the isthmus
of Darien into North America, where still pursu-
ing a northerly course, they pass through Guati-
mala. New Spain, the United States, and British
America, and terminate, it is supposed, on the Fro-
zen ocean, in lat. 70° N. In Chili they are about
120 miles in breadth. Various branches di-
verge from the main chain, in La Paz, Potosi,
and Tucuman, to the E. coniiecting the Andes of
Peru and Chili with tlie ridges of Brazil. In Pe-
ru the Andes are divided into three ridges, and
about the 6th° of S. lat. are united into a single
chain. They again divide, on entering Quito,
into two chains, and fart her N. from 2° to 5° N.
lat. into three. The E. ridge divides the valley
of the river Magdalena from the plains of Rio
Meta. The central cJiaiu, which divides the wa-
ters of the Rio Magdalena from those of Rio Cau-
ca, often attains the limits of perpetual snow.
The W. separates the valley of Cauca from the
coast of the Pacific ocean. Its highest elevation
■ is scarcely 5000 feet, and it sinks so low in its
progress N. that its course can scarcely be traced
inlo the isthmus of Darien. The three chains
are blended together in the 6th and 7th degrees of
N. lat. After passing the isthmus of Darien, the
Andes in Mexico are spread into vast plains, from
6000 to 8000 feet above the level of the sea, from
which insulated mountains, with A'olcanic sum-
mits, covered with perpetual snow, rise to the
height of 15,000, 16,000, and 17,000 feet. Seve-
ral oi the most elevated peaks of the Andes have
been scaled, and their heights accurately measur-
ed by Humboldt and M. Bonpland. According to
the observation? of these travellers, who ascended
to the height of 19,300 feet, Chimborazo rose 2,140
feet higher, making its total height to be 21,440
feet above the level of the sea. The volcano of
Antisana was found to be 19,150 feet high, and
that of Cotopaxi only 260 feet lower. The Andes
in the tropical regions, from their elevation, com-
prehend within a short space, eveiy variety of
temperature, and of the vegetable tribes. On
the declivity, from about 3000 to 5000 feet above
the level of the sea, there reigns perpetually a
soft spring temperature, which never varies more
than 7° or 9° of Fahrenheit. The limit of per-
petual congelation under the equator has been
fixed, by Humboldt, at 15,700 feet, and at 15,000
feet in the latitude of 20°. Between the tropics,
from the level of the sea to the height of from
3000 to 5000 feet, cassava, cacao, maize, plantains,
indigo, sugar, cotton, and coffee, are cultivated.
Between the altitudes of 6000 and 9000 feet lies
the climate best suited for the culture of all kinds
of European grain. Beyond the limit of 9000
feet large trees begin to disappear. The grasses
clothe the ground at an elevation of from 13,500
to 15,100 feet, and from tliis to the regions of ice
and snow, the only plant is the lichen, which cov-
ers the rocks, and seems even to penetrate under
the snow. The name Andes, is commonly applied
only to that part of the chain which is in South
America. The part in Mexico is called the Cor-
dilleras of Mexico, and the part N. of Mexico the
Rocky Mountains.
Andesage, t. France, dep. of the Lot and Ga-
ronne, 10 m. N. E. Agen.
Andezeion, or Dederzeion, t. in Galicia, 52 m.
S. S. W. Cracow.
Andgeh-Buru, cape on the N. coast of Natolia,
in the Black sea. Lon. 35° 22' E. Lat. 41° 27' N.
Andian, t. Great Bukharia, 15 m. N. Vashgerd.
Andicoila, t. Hind, in Malabar, 38 m. S. S. E.
Calicut. Lat 10° 54' N.
Andigiara, t. Great Bukharia, 120 hk W. Ba-
dakshan.
Andijaun. See Andegan.
Andijero, t. Persia, on the Persian gulf. Lon,
57° 12' E. Lat. 28° 28' N.
Andilla, t. Spain, 12 leagues fr. Valencia.
Andlau, t. Finance, in the Lower Rhine, 18 m.
S. S. W. Strasburg. Lon. 7° 30' E. Lat. 48° 24'
N. Pop. 2,184.
Ando, iil. in the North sea, near the coast of
Lapland. Lat. 68° 24' N.
Andony, r. W. Africa, falls into tine Atlantic iu
lat. 4° 30' N.
Andora, t. Genoa, 2 m. N. E. Oneglia.
Andmno, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. W. Vercclli,
15 N. N. E. Ivrea.
Andorre, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Urgel.
Andover, t. England, in Hants, 18 m. E. N. E.
Salisbuiy, 63 W. London. Pop. 3,295.
Andover, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Mer-
rimack 18 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,259.
Andover, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. S. W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 957.
Andover, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 20 m. N. Boston ;
16 W. N. W. Salem ; 20 S. W. Newburyport. Pop.
3,164. Phillips' academy in this town is the most
flourishing academy in the state. Its funds amount
to more than 50,000 dollars. It had in 1820, a
principal, 3 assistants, and 140 students, pursuing
the study of the learned language?. A Theologic-
al Seminary Avas established here in 1808. It is
very richly endowed entirely by private bounty.
It lias 4 professors, and more than 100 students.
Two large biick buildings 4 stories high contain
students' rooms, and a third, 90 feet by 40, contains
the chapel, 3 lecture rooms, and the library fitted
with alcoves for 30,000 volume?, though the num-
ber of volumes at present does not exceed 5,000.
The academy ;uid the theological seminary aie
under the same board of 13 Trustees.
Andover, p-t, Tolland co. Conn. 15 m.E. Hartford.
4b
A N G
A N G
Andover, t. Sussex co. N. Y. 50 ui. N. Treuloiij
40 W. N. W. New- York.
Andoville, t. France, ia the Mayenne, 6 m. N.
Laval.
Andoyaco, t, Peru, in Lima, 32 m. S. E. Xauxa.
Andragiry, r. Sumatra, which falls into the sea
on Uie E. coast, in lat. 0° 30' S.
Andrapoura. See Indrapoura.
Andrastadt, or Andre, St. t. of the Austrian em-
pire, in Carinthia, 20 m. E. N. E. Clagenfurt, and
32 S. E. Mahran.
Andrea, t. W. Africa, on the Mesurado, 7 or 8
m. from its mouth.
Andreasberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, con-
taining mines of iron, cobalt, and silver. Pop.
3,350. 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar.
Andreneh, or Androna, t. S)nt'ia, 30 m. S. S. E.
Aleppo.
Andresy or Andepes, t. in Natolia, 60 m. E.
Angora.
J^ndreisfcaiff, bay on the coast of Siberia. Lon.
S6°14'E.Lat.76°20'N.
Andrew, r. W. Africa, falls into the sea, about
5° N. lat.
Andrewa, or Andre, a Tartar v. near the Rus-
sian government of Caucasus.
Andrew''s Bay, in the straits of Magellan, coast
of Patagonia.
Andria, t. Naples, in Bari, 5 m. W. S. W. Trani.
Andria, t. Asia, in Daghestan, 90 m. N. N. W.
Derbend.
Andrichoa, t, castle, and lordship in Galicia,
Androna. See Andreneh.
Androniga, t. Cyprus, 16 m. N. Famagosta.
Andros, ovAndro, one of the Cyclades islands, in
tlie Archipelago. Pop. 1-0,000, mostly Greeks.
The principal trade is in silk.
Andros, the capital of the above is in lon. 25°
2' E. lat. 37^46' N.
Androscoggin, r. rises in Umbagog lake. The
first part of its course is in New-Hampshire. Af-
ter entering Maine it runs S. E. and empties into
the Kennebeck, 18 miles from its mouth.
Andros Islands, or Isles del Espiritu Santo,
among the Bahamas. Lon. 77° to 78° 15' W. Lat.
from 24° to 25° 20' N.
Androwskala, fort on Mount Caucasus, 10 m. S.
S. E. Alexandrofsk.
Andrusa, t Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 20 m. N.
E. Naverin.
Anduse, t. France, in Cevennes, on the Garden,
20 m, N. W. Nismes. Pop. 5,000.
Anduxar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal-
quiver, 6 leagues from Jaen. Pop. 14,000.
Aned Del, t. Nubia, 45 m. S.Chiggre.
Anedour, t. Hind. 20 m. W. Madura.
Anegaday isl. W. Indies. Lon. 64° 22' W. Lat.
18° 46' N.
Anegada, bay, on the coast of Patagonia, at tlie
mouth of the Rio de los Sauces. Lat. 44° 45' S.
Anemur, cape and city of Caramania, in Asia
Minor, 120 m. S. Konich. Lon. 32° 30' E. Lat. 36°
15' N.
Aneri, t. Japan, in Niphon, 95 m. W. Meaco.
Anel, t. France, in the Eure and Loire, 8 m. N.
Dreux. Pop. 1,570.
Anet, V. Sv/itzerland, 17 m. W. N. W. Berne.
Anfant, t. Persia, 30 m. N. W. Zareng.
Anfelden^ t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. W. Anspach.
./Ingad, desert, Africa, between Algiers and
Morocco. Iiihabited by fierce and war-like Arabs.
Angamaly, t. in Cocliin, 35 m. E. Cranganore.
Angatole, t. Ceylon, 25 m, S. E. Colombo.
Angary isl. in the* Persian gulf, S. of Kishma isl.
Angara, r. Siberia, rises in lake Baikal, and
passing Irkutsk, falls into the Enissey.
Angara, t. Thibet, 20 m. N. N. W. Dharmsaleh.
Angaraes, province, Peru, watered by some ol
the head streams of the Apurimac. Its capital is
Guancavelica. Pop. 3,245.
Angasa, isl. in the Indian ocean, E. Madagas-
car. Lon. 58° 10' E. Lat. 17° S.
Angeac, t. France, 3 leagues W. S. W. Cognac.
Pop. 1,500.
Angee Gardien, parish, Cote-de-Beaupre seign-
iory. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 7.^
m.N. E. Quebec.
Angedira, isl. in the Indian sea, 44 m. S. Goa.
Lon. 74° E.Lat 14° 44'N.
Angel, r. Germany, runs into the Ems, near
Munster.
Angelana, t. Persia, in Irak, 25 m. N. Koom.
Angeles. See Pucbla de los Angeles.
Angelica, p-t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. on
Genesee r. S. E. Buffalo. Pop. 439.
Angeln or Anglen, disti*ict, Denmark, on the
E. coast of Sleswick, between the bay of Fleus-
burg and the river Schley.
Angelniemiy t. Russia, in Finland, 22 m. E. S.
E. Abo.
Angenila, isl. at the E. entrance of the straits of
Sunda. Lon. 106° 38' E. Lat. 5° 48' S.
Angenweely t. Hind, in Concan, 95 m. S. Bom-
bay.
Anger, t. Stiria, 12 m. N. N. E. Gratz.
Anger, t. Austria, 8 m. S. St. Polten.
Angerbach, r. Prussia, fails into the Havel, n.
Potsdam.
Angerburg, t. Prussia, 55 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Angeree Point, on N. coast of Java. Lon. 105°
47' E.
Angermann-Aa, r. Sweden, falls into the gulf of
Botlniia, at Hernosand. Lat. 62° 32' N.
Angermannland, district, Sweden, on the gulf of
Bothnia, bounded N. W. by Bothnia and Asele, or
Angermannlands-Lappmark, S. by Medelpad, and
W. by Jamtland.
Angenriunde, t. in the grand duchy of the Low-
er Rhine, 7 m. N. Dusseldorf.
Angermunde, t. Prussia, in Ucker Mark of Bran-
denburg, 40 m. N. Berlin.
Angers, city, France, cap. of the Maine and
Loire, on the Mayenne. Slate quarries, and
mines of iron and coal, are found in the neighbour-
hood. Here are manufactured, stamine, camlets,
seige, and otherstuffs, hats, and leather. 221eagues
W. Tours, and 30 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 28,927.
Angervitle, v. France, 9 leagues S. Versailles.
Angerville r Archer and Angerville la Martel, 2
towns. France, Lower Seine.
Angevan, t. Persia, in Irak, 60 m. S. S. E. Cas-
bin.
Anghiari, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tusca-
ny ; another, near the Adige.
Anghiera, t. Italy, on tlie Lago Maggiore, at the
egi-ess of the Ticino, 30 m. N. W. Milan.
Angira, t. Persia, 30 m. W. Schiraz.
Angistola, r. Naples, rises in Calabria Ultra,
and runs into the gulf of Eufemia, 8 m. N. Monte-
leone. Lon. 16° 28' E. Lat. 38° 47' N.
Angistri, isl. in the gulf of Engia, on the coast
of Greece. Lon. 23° 22' E. Lat 37° 41' N.
Anglade, t. France, 7 leagues N. Bordeaux.
Anglard, t. France, 12 leagues N. W. St. Flour.
Angle, t. France, 10 leagues E. S. E. Poitiers.
Angle, t. France, 4 leagues W. Lucon.
A N G
Angles, or Angle, t. France, 19 leagues W.
Moutpdicr. Fop. 2,560.
Anglesey, isl. and co. N. Wales, in the Irish sea,
separated from the mainland by Menai strait,
and containing 402 square miles. Its copper mines
formerly yielded from 40,000 to 80,000 tons year-
ly, employing- 1500 miners; 12 or 15 years ago 1000
miners were employed ; but in 1809 only 600.
Lead ore is found here ; and coal is obtained in
considerable quantity. Grain and cattle are the
chief products of Anglesey. 100,000 bushels of
grain are exported in favourable seasons. The
island contains 77 parishes, 7,183 houses, and
37,045 inhabitants comprised in 7,706 families,
of which 5,376 are occupied in agriculture, 1,453
in trade and manufactures.
Angksola, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. N. W
Cervera.
Anglesqiierille, t. France, 7i leagues N. Rouen.
AnglcU t. France, i league W. S. W. Bayonne.
Anglois, Cul de Sac, a secure harbour on the S.
E. of Martin ico island.
Anglona, t. Naj)les, in Basilicata.
Angol, city in Chili, on the Biobio, destroj-ed
by the incursions of the Araucanian Indians, 50
m. S. E. Concepcion.
Angola, usually described as a kingdom of W.
Africa, immediately S. of Congo, comprises, in
mercantile language, the whole coast, from Cape
Lopez Gonsalvo, to St. Phelipe de Benguela, or
fr. 1° to 12° S. lat. It is resorted to for slaves. At
St. Paul de Loango, 8^° S. lat. is the chief Portu-
guese establishment for supplying Brazil with ne-
groes. The number annually transported does
not fall short o/ 40,000.
Angora, Angura, or Ankora, city, A. Turkey,
in Natolia ; surrounded by mountains. Shawls
rivalling those of Cashmere are fabricated of the
hair of the Angora goat. It is long and of a silken
texture. The goat affords 200 or 300 drams of it,
and is shorn twice a-year. As the neighbouring
territory is more profitably employed in rearing
these animals, the city is supplied from a distance
with grain, but opium is extensively cultivated,
and a great quantity of honey and wax is obtained.
The population is variously estimated from 40,000
to 100,000. They consist of Mahometans and
Christians ; the latter have a Greek and Ar-
menian archbishop and 7 churches. 212 m. E.
S. E. Constantinople. Lon. 33° 18' E. Lat. 40°
4'N.
Angostura, t. S. America, in New Grenada, on
the Magdalena, 140 m. N. Santa Fee de Bogota.
Angoule, r. Syria, flowing into the lake of Anti-
och, 10 m. N. N. E. Antioch.
Angoulcme, city, France, on the Charente, 20
leagues N. N. E. Bordeaux. It is the capital of the
department of the Charente. Pop. 14,745. This
town gives the title of duke to a nephew of the
present king of France.
Angoumais, formerly a province of France, now
forming part of the departments of the Charente,
the "Charente Inferieur, the Dordogne, and the
Deux Sevres.
Angoutchu, t. Tibet, 10 m. S. Dharmsaleh.
Angoxa, r. in Mosambique, E. Africa, empties
in lat. 16° 30' S.
Angra, s-p. cap. Tercera, one of the Azores. It
is the residence of the Portuguese local govern-
ment. Lon. 27° 14' W. Lat. 38° 38' N.
Angra de los Reyes, citv, Brazil, in Rio Janeiro,
on a small bay. Lon. 44° 1 1' W. L^t. 23° 4' S.
A N I .
47'
Angrab, r. Abyssinia, rises near Gondar, and
falls into the Tacazze.
Angrie, t. France, in the Maine and Loire, 5
leagues W. N. W. Angers.
Angrogne, a commune in the valley of Lucerne,
in Piedmont, surrounded by lofty mountains, in
many places inaccessible. It was the last retreat
of the persecuted Waldenses.
Angstoo, t Tibet, 75 m. N. Jemlah.
Angucah, district, Abyssinia, on a river of the
same name, 50 m. E. Axum.
Aiiguiliasira, isl. in the Mediterrane3in,nearthe
E. coast of Sardinia. Lat. 40° 1' N,
Anguila, or Snake Island, the most N. of the
Caribbees, 10 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth.
Its productions are tobacco, maize, and sugar.
It is a flourishing Missionary station. Lat. 18° 12'N.
Anguilla, one of the Bahama islands. N, W. of
the island is the Anguilla Bank, or Cayos de los
Paques. Lon. 78° 50' 'W. Lat. 23° 36' N.
Anguillara, t. Italy, vicariate of Padua, near
the Adige. 6 m. N. N. E. Rovigo. Pop. 2,860.
Anguillara, v. Italy, at the outlet of Bracciano,
12 m. N. W, Rome.
Anguille, Cape, on the W. coast of Newfound-
land. Lat. 47° 57' N.
Angulty, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 32m. E Sera.
Angunciada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on tlie
Ebro, 8 m. N. Calzada.
Angus. See Forfar, Coujity of.
Angustrina, t. France, in the eastern Pyrenee?,
6 leagues S. E. Ax.
Anhalt, principality, Germany, bounded N. by
the Mark of Brandenburg, E. by the duchy of Sax-
ony, S. W. by the county of Mansfeld, and N. W.
by Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Magdeburg. It is
60 miles long and 12 to 16 broad ; containing 924
square miles, and 1 10,000 inhabitants. The coun-
try is level, and productive in corn, tobacco, and
fruits. Cattle and wood form the chief articles of
export. The religion is the Calvinist. The en-
tire revenue is at least 600,000 dollars, exclusive
of the possessions of the Dessau branch in Prussia,
Silesia, and other parts of Germany. The prin-
cipal proprietors of Anhalt, are the heads of the
houses of Bernburg, Dessau, and Kothen. Each
of the three princes has full sovereignty over his
respective domains.
Anhalt, isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, between
Lessoe and Zealand, surrounded by sand banks.
Lon. 11° 35' E. Lat. 56° 38' N.
Anholt, t. castle, and domain, Germany, be-
tween Munster, Cleves and Zutphen, on the Old
Yssel, and belonging to the house of Salm, now oc-
cupied by Prussia. 90 m. E. Nimeguen.
Anja, lake. Little Bukharia, 60 m. S. Hotun.
Aniane, or St. Benoil, t. France, in Herault, 5|
leagues W. by N. Montpelier.
Anian-Straits, between N. E. point of Asia, and
the N. W. point of America.
Anjar, t. Syria, between Aleppo and Alexan-
dria.
Anicul, t. Hind, in Mysore, 18 m. S. Banga-
lore.
Anjengo, t. and fort. Hind, in Travancore, at
the mouth of a broad and deep river, 70 m. from
Cape Comorin, 40 N. W. Travancore.
Anjier, v. on the N. coast of Java, on a bay, 78
m. W. Batavia.
Animally, or Animalaya, t. Hind. 18 S. Coimbe-
toor, 33 W. Daraporum," Law. 77° 3' E. Lat. IC^
41' N.
48
. A N N
ANT
Aninsky v. Russia, in Perm. Its copper-mine
produces yearly about 250 tons of copper.
Antoia, t. Naples 13 m. S. Nicotera.
Aiijoii, fbrmei'ly a province of France, now di-
vided among the departmemts of Loire, Interieure,
Vendee, Indre and Loire, Sarthe, lUe and Vilaine,
Mayenne, and Deux-Sevres.
Anisa, t. Arabia, 200 m. N. W. Jamama,
Anisi, t. Turkish Armenia, 40 m. E. Kars, 40
W. Erivan.
Aniva, or Tambaauora, bay at the S. extremity
of tlie island Saghalin. Lon. 144° 20' E. Lat.
46° 10' N.
Ankapilly, t. Hind^ 5 m. N. E. Cossimcotta.
Ankapilhj, t. Hind. 20 m. W. Rajamundry.
Anker, r.Eng. falls into the Tame, at Tarn worth,
in Warwickshire.
Ankerjield, v. Scotland, in Ross-shire, 4 m. S.
Tain.
Ajiklam, t. Germany, in Pomerania. Both iU
inland and maritime commerce are of considera-
ble importance. 36 m. S. S. E. Stralsund.
Ankun, t. Germany, in Anhtdt, near Zerbst.
Anlesi/, V. France, 6 league*- E. Nevers.
Anmantagoodi/, t. Hind, in JIarawar, 30 m. N.
Ramanadporum, and 60 S. Tanjore.
Annaburg, i. in the Prussian duchy of Saxony,
S. E. Wiilembcrg, 45 m. N. N. W. Dresden.
Armagh, v. Ireland, Cork co. 5 m. from Charle-
ville.
Annagh, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland, Lat. 53°
.58' N,
Annagh, isl. Ireland, in the Lough Conn, coun-
ty of Mayo, 8 m. from Killala.
Annagh JVan, or Annachnan, isl. on the S. W.
<:oast of Ireland, 22 m. W. Galway. Lon. 9° 38'
W. Lat. 53° 18' N.
Annagoondy, or Bijanagur, city. Hind, on the
N. bank of the Toombudra. Lon. 76° 34' E.
Lat 15° 1 4' N. SeeBisnagar.
Annalt, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Euphrates,
150 m. from Bagdad.
Annamaboc, t. Africa, on the Gold coast for-
merly a great market for the slave trade.
Annamooka, or Botlerdam, one of the Friendly
Islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 174° 31' W.
Lat. 20° 15' S.
Annan, bor. and s-p. Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan, 14 ra. fr. Dumfries, 56 S. Edin-
burgh. It has a good hai hour. Shipping 750 or
800 tons. Pop. 2,500.
Annan, r. Scotland, runs into the Solway frith.
Annandale, district, Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan.
Annapolis, city, Ann-Arundel co, Md. on the S.
bank of the Severn, 30 m. S. Baltimore, 40 E. N.
E. Washington. Pop. about 2,000. It is the seat
of the state government. Shipping in 1815, 2,553
tons.
Annapolis, r. Nova Scotia, runs into the bay of
Fundy. It is navigable for ships of any burthen
10 miles ; and 15 miles for those of 100 tons.
Annapolis, co. Nova Scotia, on Annapolis river.
Annapolis Royal, s-p. Nova Scotia, on the river
and bay of Annapolis. The port is one of the
finest in the world, fiom 5 to 18 fathoms deep, and
large enough to contain several hundred ships.
Lon. 65° 22' W. Lat. 44° 49' N.
Annboor, p-v. Maury co. Ten.
■ Ann-Amndel, co. Md. on the W. side of Chesa-
peake bay. Pop. 26,668. Chief t. Annapolis.
Annecy, cap. of the Savoyese duchy of Gene-
>*oi=, ond after <'hambprry, th^ largest toAvn of
Savoy. It is on Annecy lake, 30 m. S. Geneva.
Pop. 3,440. Lon. 5° 57' E. Lat. 45° 56' N.
Anneulin, v. France, dep of the North, 3 leagues
S. W. Lille. Pop. 1,500.
Annobon, isl. Africa, on the coast of Congo, 300
m. W. Cape Lopez. Lon. 5° 30' E. Lat. 1° 32' S.
A'nnondy, t. France, at the junction of the
Cauce and Deume, famous for its manufactures
of excellent paper. Pop. 5,800. 12^ leagues N.
Privas. Lon. 6° 50' E. Lat. 45° 15' N.
Annone, t. Piedmont, in the district of Alessan-
dria,' on the Tanaro.
Annof, t. France, dep. of the Lower Alp?.
Pop. 1,030. 8 leagues E. S. E. Digne. Lon. 6°
49' E. Lat. 48° 57' N.
Announah, or Annonay, t. Algiers, 32 m. E.
Constantina.
A?insburg, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. N.
W. Machias.
Annsrille, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 55 m. S. Rich-
mond.
Annmille, p-v. Alliens co. Ohio.
Annvnciada, Point, on W. coast of Africa. La^
15° 30' S.
Anaopshehr, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Gauges.
in lat. 28° 21' N.
Anover, v. Spain, 12 m. N. E. Toledo.
Ansauvillery v. Fi-ance, in Oise, 7 leagues N. E.
Beauvais.
Ansedonia, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tus-
cany.
Ansga, t. Asiatic Turkey, 55 m. N. N. W. Di-
arbekir.
Ansa, or Rocca d\'inso, fort, in Venice, 20 m. N.
N. W. Brescia.
Anson, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne-
bec, 12 m. N. W. Non-idgewock. Pop. 633.
Anson, co. N. C. on liie Yadkin, S. W. Raleigh.
Chief t. Wadesborough. Pop. 8,831. Slaves.
2,325. >
Anson's Bay, on W, coast of Norfolk island.
Anson's Island. See Bouka.
Anspach, or Oiwbzbach, formerly a principality
of Germany, but now mostly included in the cir-
cles of the Rezat, and the Upper Danube, in Ba-
varia.
Anspach, the capital of the circle of tlie Rezat,
in Bavaria, 30 m. S. W. Nuremberg. Lon, 10"'
33' E. Lat. 49° 12' N. Pop. 11,924.
Anstruther Wester, bor. parish, and s-p. Scot-
land, in Fifeshire, on the N. shore of- the frith of
Forth, 23 m. N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 393.
Anta. See Ahantah.
Antalia. See Satalia.
Antalo, t. Abyssinia, cap. of Eudeila, 67 m. S.
E. Adowa.
Antandro, i. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the gul,
of Adramiti, 12 m. S. Adramiti.
Antaralik Fiord, bav on W. coast of W. Green-
land. Lon. 49° 45 \\. Lat. 64° 40' N.
Antegnuto, t. Italy, 4 m. W. N. W. Brescia.
Antequera, t. Spain, 26 m. N. N. W. Malaga, 54
W. Granada. Pop. 13,000.
Antequera. See Oaxaca.
Anter, t. Arabian Irak, 8 m. S. S. W. Koma.
Anthony, Fort, Dutch settlement on the gold
coast of Guinea, on the W. extremity of Capp
Three Points, 25 m. E. Apollonia.
Anthony Cave''s Island, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 152° 50' E. Lat. 3° 10' S.
Anthony^s Kill, r. N. Y, empties into the Hut'
son from the W. 7 m. above the Moll:av^^k.
ANT
ANT
49
Anthony'' s Kose, a lofty promontory, on the E.
side of Hudson r. 52 m. N. New York.
Jlntibes, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean. It
is an important barrier on the side of Italy. Lon.
7°11'E.
AnticoU, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, in
the Campao;na di Roma.
Antieosti, isl. in the mouth of the St. Lawrence,
125 miles long, and 30 broad. It has no harbor ;
is uncultivated. Two persons appointed by gov-
ernment reside on it to assist those who may have
the misfortune to be wrecked on the desolate
coast. Lon. of the E. point, 62° 0' W. Lat. 49°
5'N.
Antigareahy isl. in the Indian sea, ncarthe coast
of Corcan, 30 m. N. Gheriah. Lon. 72° 58' E. Lat.
17° 10' N.
Antignana, t. Istria, 3 m. N. N. E. Pedena.
Antigua, isl. W. Indies, 50 m. in circumference,
and contains 59,838 acres, the greater part of
which is appropriated to the growth of sugar.
The other principal staples are cotton, wool, and
tobacco. The official value of the imports and
exports were, in 1809, imports, 198,121/.; exports,
216,000/. In 1810, imnorts, 285,458/.; exports,
182,392/. Pop. in 1817^ 2,102 whites, 438 free
blacks, and 31,452 slaves. It is the seat of ancient
and successful missionary establishments. Their
schools contained, at tlie last returns, 1,400 schol-
ars, and their efforts have effected a happy change
in the morals of the blacks and coloured people.
Lon. 61° 38' to 61° 53' W. Lat. 17° to 17° 12' N.
Antilibanos, mountains in Syria, being part of
the chain of Libanus.
Antilles, a name sometimes given to certain
islands in the West Indies. They are distinguish-
ed into Greater and Less. The Greater compre-
hend Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Porto Ri-
co; and the Less, Aruba, Curacoa, Bonair, Mar-
garetta, and others near tlae coast of S. America.
Antin, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 20 leagues
W. S. W. Toulouse.
Antina, Civita d\ t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra,
1 1 m. N. W. Sora, 25 S. Aquila.
Antioch, now called Antaki, or Antakie, by the
Turks, a city of Syria, on the S. bank of the
Orontes. It is surrounded by walls, inclosing a
space of more than a mile and a half in diameter.
It is governed by a mohassel, dependent on the
pacha of Aleppo. It is also the residence of a pa-
triarch of the Greek church. 50 m. W. Aleppo.
Pop. 18,150, of whom 15,000 are Mahometans,
3,000 Christians, and 150 Jews. Lon. 35° 17' E.
Lat. 36° 6' N.
Antioche, Pertuis d\ strait, W. coast of France,
separates the island of Oleron from those of Rhe
and Aix.
Antiochctta, t. A. Turkey, on the coast of Cara-
maaia, 88 m. S. Konieh. Lon. 32° 20' E. Lat.
36° 6' N.
Antioquia, province, New Granada, bounded
N. by Carthagena, S. by Popayan, E. by Santa
Fe, W. by Choco. It possesses gold mines. Its
capital is Santa Fc. Lon. 74° 30' W. Lat. 6° 50 'N.
Antiparos, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, be-
tween Paros and Siphanto. Here is a cavern or
grotto in the side of a rock, about 2 miles from the
shore, in height 60 yards, in width 120. Its sides
are crystallized marble, and present a splendid
scene when lighted up. 4 m. W. Paros. Lon. 25°
13' E. Lat. 37° 2' N.
Aniipatris, in Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of Pal-
esljine. between Joppa and Cssarea.
7
Anlipaxo, Anlipasso, or Antipacksu, isl. near
Corfu, included in the republic of the Ionian isles.
Aniipino, t. Russia, on Volga r.lOO m. S.Saratov.
Antipinsk, t, Russia, on the Volga, inhabited by
Cossacs of the Don, 100 m. S. Saratof.
Ajitipsera, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 2 m.
fr. Ipsera. Lon. 25° 33' E. Lat. 38° 42' N.
Antisana. a volcanic summit of the Andes, in
Quito, 19, 150 teet above the level of the sea.
Antisana, hamlet, in the Andes, 3,800 feetabove
Quito, and 13,500 feetabove the level of the sea:
the highest inhabited place on the globe.
Antivari, t, Albania, on the gulf of Venice, 38
ai. S. E. Ragusa. Lat. 42° 25' N.
Antlestorf, t. Austria, 6 m. E. Entzerstorff.
Antoing, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Scheldt, 4 m, fr. Tournay. Pop. 1,600.
Aiilon, or Test, r. Eng. rises 10 m. N. Andover,
and takes the name of Southampton water at Red-
bridge, which is retained until its discharge into
the sea at Spithead.
Antonew, t. Russia, in Minsk,16 m.S.S.E. Mozyr.
Ajitongil, bay, on the E. coast of Madagascar.
Anlonne, t. IVance, in Dordogne, on the lUe, 2
leagues fr. Perigeux.
Antony, t. France, noted for candle manufacto*
tories. Pop. 1,220. 2 leagues S. S. W. Paris.
Antraigucs, t. France, in Ardcche. Pop. 1,500.
4i leagues W. Pri\'^3.
Ant rain, t. France, dep. of the lUe and Vilaine.
Pop. 1,375. 9 leagues N. E, Reunes.
Antrain, t. France, in the Nievre, 4 leagues E.
Cosne.
Antriff, r. Hesse, flows into the Schwalm, at
Zell.
Antrim, maritime county of Ireland, in Ulster.
Its manufactures are linen yarn, white and brown
linen, wool, canvas, paper, and kelp. It has an
iron foundery, fisheries, and exports great quanti-
ties of butter. Chief towns, Antrim, and Belfast.
Pop. in 1812, 240,000.
Antrim, t. Ireland, in the above county, at the
N. end of Lough Neagh. Pop. 2,183. 12 m. N.
W. Belfast, 84 IV. Dublin.
Antrim, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 25 m. S.
W. Concord. Pop. 1,277.
Antrim, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,864.
Antrologo, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 11 m. N, E.
Venosa.
Antros, isl. on the W. coast of France, at the
mouth of the Garonne.
Antsha, t. Turkish Armenia, 25 m. N. N. E.
Ispira.
Anlsianacs, people, in the interior of Mada-
gascar.
Antwerp, city, Netherlands, in Brabant, on the
Scheldt. Its citadel is on the S. side of the town.
Its harbor is deep and commodious, capable of
containing 1000 vessels. Antwerp was formerly
the greatest place of trade in Europe, and had a
numerous population, but the policy of the Dutch
turned the trade to Amsterdam. It has an elegant
cathedral church, stadthouse, and exchange ; and
a vast warehouse for Baltic merchandise. In the
parish church of St. James are deposited the re-
mains of Rubens. The inhabitants are employed
in jewellery, sugar-refining, and linen-bleaching ;
in the manufacturing of cotton, lace, and carpet?.
Antwerp has repeatedly experienced the calami-
ties of war. In 1576 "it was plundered by the
Spaniards ; surrendered to the duke of Marlbo-
rough in 1706 ; the French took it in 1746, restor-
ed it to Austria at \ho peace of Aix-la-Chapelle:
50
APE
A P P
re-occupied it in 1794, and retained it during the
next 20 years. 22 m. N. Brussels, 22 fr. Ghent.
Lon. 4° 22' E. Lat. 51° 14' N. Pop. 6 1,800.
Antwerp, p-t. Jefferson cd.(N. Y.) N. E. Water-
town. Pop. 350.
Anui Bolsche, r. Siberia, runs into the Kolima,
'24 m. E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anui Snchoi, r. Siberia, runs into the Kolima,
27 m. E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anville, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. 17 m. fr. Harris-
burg. Pop. 2,601.
Anville Island, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N.
W. coast of America. Lon. 237° 3' £. Lat. 49°
30' N.
Anuiskaia, fort, A. Russia, 50 m. W. N. W. Bi-
isk. Lon. 83° 14' E. Lat. 52° N.
Anweiler, t. Bavaria, duchy of Deux- Fonts, on
the Queich, 6 m. from Landau. Pop. 1,800.
Ansa, r. Piedmont, joins the Tosa near Vo-
Anzarba, or Anazarba, t. A. Turkey, in Adana,
30 m. N. E. Adana, 30 W. S. W. Marasch. Lon.
35° 45' E. Lat. 37° 4' N.
Anzico, or Micocco, region in the interior of W.
Africa, behind Congo.
Ansuelos, r. Guatimala, runs E. into the Carib-
bean sea. Lon. 82° 50' W. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Anzuki, or Anzugiama, t. Japan, in Niphon, on
lake Meaco, 80 ra. jy. E. Meaco.
Aor, isl. off the E. coast of Malacca. Lon. 104°
35' E. Lat. 2° 25' N.
Aorte, t. France, in the Landes, 4 leagues S.
Dax.
Aosta, duch)-, in Piedmont, separated by the
Alps from Savoy and the Valais. Pop. 66,000.
Aosta, chief t. in the above duchy, on the Doria,
at the foot of the Alps, at the meeting of the great
commercial roads from Savoy and the Valais to
Piedmont. Pop. 5,550. 25 m. N. W. Ivrea, 150
N. N. W, Turin.
Aosta, t. Syria, near the sea, 35 m. S. Tripoli.
Aoakel. See Howakil.
Aouste, t. France, on the Drome, 6 leagues S.
Valence.
Aoiitos, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. W. N.
W. Burgos.
Aouz, t. Arabia Petraea, near the Red sea, 95
m. S. Calaat el Moilali.
Aot/ca, t, Spain, in Navarre, 10 m. N. MV. Pam-
peluna.
Aoys, or Aayz, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the
"Yrate, 10 m. N. W. Sanguesa.
Apalachian Mountains. See Alleghany Moun-
tains.
Apalachie, r. Georgia, the S. branch of the Oco-
nee, which it joins 4m. W. Greensboro'.
Apam. See Acron.
Apamea, or Degel, i. Persia, on the Tigi'is, 27
m. fr. Bagdad.
Apamea. Sec Hamah.
Apamis, t. Asiatic Turkey, ontlie Meander, 100
m. W. Eskihissar.
Apanormia, t. on the N. W. coast of Santorin,
6 m. N. N. W. Scaro. Lon. 25° 24' E. Lat. 36°
38' N.
./Ipassi, r. Circassia, runs into the Kuban, 75 m.
E. Taman.
Apasso, t. Mexico, 42 m. N. Mexico.
Apatshinsk, t. in Kamtscliatka, on the Bolschaia.
Apchon, t. France, inCantal, 12 m. N. St. Flour.
.Ipee, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
ocean, about 60 miles in cireuit. Loo. 108° 36' E.
Lat. 16° 42' &.
Apdbo, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia. Lon. 13^
50' E. Lat. 60° 28' N.
Apelche, or Apelscebuel, t. Netherlands, West
Friesland, 36 m. S. Leeuwarden.
Apenburg, t. in the Mark of Brandenbui^, 22
m. AV. Stendal. Pop. 380. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat.
52° 40' N.
Apennines. See Appennines.
Apenrade, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on an arm
of the Baltic. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 9° 26' E. Lat
55° 3' N.
Apfeldstadt, r. Saxony, falls into the Gera a'
Molsilorf.
Apkiom, or Afium-Kara-hissar, t. Natolia, on the
Marsyas,or Mindra, surrounded by walls, and de-
fended by a castle. Manufactures are carried on
here in woollen stuffs, particularly carpets ; also
in chintzes, and fire-arms; but the staple com-
modity is opium. A pacha of two tails reside?
here, and the town is the ordinary resort of the
caravans from Constantinople and Smyrna. Pop.
estimated at 60,000. 56 m. S. Kutayeh, 162 E.
Smyrna. Lon. 30° 26' E. Lat. 38° 46' N.
Apice, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 7 m.
E. S. E. Benevento.
Apiochania, r. of Peru, runs N, of La Paz, into
the Beni.
Aploga, t. in Wbidah, on the Slave coast of Af-
rica, near the Euphrates.
Apo, one of the Philippine island?, between
Mindoro and the Calamianes. Lon. 123° 10' E.
Lat. 9° 23' N. The Shoals extend 28 m. in length
from N. to S. and 8 in breadth. Lon. 120° 36' E.
Lat. 12° 27' N.
Apolabamba, pi-ovince, Peru, in La Paz, N. of
Larecaja, Pop, 30,000, chiefly civihzed Indians.
Chief t. St. Antonio de Aten.
Apolda, t. Germany, in the gi-and duchy of
Saxe-Weimar. It belongs to the university of
Jena. Here are extensive stocking Avorks, which
employ above 2,500 persons, who manufacture
vearly about 40,000 dozen pairs. Pop. 4,000. 40
m. S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 1 1° 30' E. Lat. 50° 56' N .
.-if/jo/^ma, in Sac. Geog. s-p. of Macedonia, S.
Amphipolis ; also a town of Illyria. •
Apollonia, kingdom, Africa, on the Gold coast,
comprehending the whole of the coast W. of the
river Ancobra. It stretches about 100 miles along:
the coast, and 20 inland. The coast is flat, has no
creeks or harbors, and the sea breaks with such
violen<^e as to render the approach dangerous.
Apoquinimink, creek, Newcastle co. Delaware,
runs into Delaware bay 2 m. below Reedy island.
Appalaches, Indians, 50 in number, on Bayou
Rapide.
Aposlola Thadcia, cape, on the E. coast of Si-
beria, at the W. end of the gulf of Anadyr. Lon .
178° 14' E. Lat. 63° N.
Aposloles, a mission of the Jesuits in Paraguay,
between the rivers Parana and Uraguay.
Apostoles, islands, in the strait of Magellan.
Lon. 75° 6' W. Lat. 52° 34' S.
Appalachia. See St. Marks.
Appalachicola, r. Floridn, is formed by the junc-
tion of Chatalioochee and Flint rivers, and empties
into St. George's Sound, the W, part of Apalachy
bay.
Appalachichola, t.East Florida, on the above riv-
er, 100 m. N. E. Pensacola.
Appanaig-Pollam, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 9 ra.
S. S. W. Darempoory.
Appeldooniy t. Dutch Guelderland, 13 m. N. W
Zutphcn. Pop. 2.670.
A P U
A R A
ApYuiimnes, a chain of mountains in Italy, which
legins near mount Appio, one of the maritime
Alps in the territory of Genoa, and after running
for a considerable way to the E. traverses Italy in
its whole length, from N. to S. When near the
end of its course, it separates into two branches,
ane of which advances S. E. to the Capo di Leu-
i-a, in the Terra di Otranto, and the other W. to
the strait of Messma,
Appenzell, canton, in the N. E. part of Switzer-
land, environed on all sides by that of St. Gall. It
contains 32G sq, miles, and 45,000 inhabitants.
It is divided into two parts, one of which is Cath-
olic, and the other Calviaist. Each of these di-
visions has its own constitution and magistrates,
and is entirely independent of the other. The
form of government is pure democracy.
jJppeiizeH, chief v. in the above canton, is on
*he Sitter, 40 m. E. Zurich. Pop. 3,000.
Apperille^ t. France, 7 leagues VV. S. W. Rouen.
Pop. 1,500.
Appiatio, t. Italy, in the Lombardo-Venetian
kingdom, 6 m. S. W. Como.
Appiduviischken, t. Prussia, 9 m. S. E. Gumbin-
iien.
Appignano, t. in Ancona, 18 m. S. S. W. An-
cona.
Appii Forum, in Sac. Geog. t. Italy, 50 m. S.
Rome.
Appin, district of Scotland, Argyle co. com-
prising a parish and town of tlie same name, and
the island of Lismore.
Appingadam, v» of the Netherlands, in Gronin-
gen. Pop. 1,600.
Appleby., bor. and t. Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Fop. 2, 160. 10 m. fr. Penrith.
Appledorc, s-p. Eng. Devonshire, on Barnstaple
bay, at the mouth of the Taw and Towridge, 2i
m. fr. Bideford.
Appielon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, united with
Widness. Pop. 1,204. 3 m. fr. Prescott.
Appletoiiy t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E.
Wiscasset, in which is Montville post-oflice. Pop.
316.
Applingtmiy t. and cap. Columbia co. Geo.
Appomafox, r. Va. a S. branch of James river,
empties at City point. There are falls at Peters-
burg, 12 miles above its mouth, around wl:iich
there is a canal, which has opened the navigation
for 80 miles above that city.
Appoy, t. Ardra, on the borders of Dahomey, in
Africa.
Appi-obaqice, or Approhack, r. S. America, in
Cayenne, enters the sea near Cape Orange.
Apremont, t. Finance, on the Vic, dep. of the
Vendee, 6 leagues N. Sables d'Oloime.
Aprey, v. Fr^mce, in the Upper Marne, 9
leagues S. Cliaumant.
Apricena., t. Naples, on Mount Gargano, in Ca-
pitanata. Pop. 3,640.
Aprigliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m.
S. E. Cosenza.
Aprio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the La-
lissa, 10 m. E. Trajanopolis.
Apsa, or Hapmla, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania,
18 m. S. E. Adrianople.
Apsheron. See Absharon,
Apt, t. France, on the Calavon, dep, of the
Vaucluse, 10 leagues N. Aix, and lO^E. Avignon.
Pop. 4,621.
Aplavantai, mountain of Chinese Mongolia, S.
of lake Konen.
Apui, r. Guiana, enters the Arvi.
Apulia, or Puglia, the name oi the country
comprised in the three Neapolitan provinces of
Bari, Otranto, and Capitanata, whicli extend
along the W. shore of the Adriatic. The great
wealth of the country lies in its pastures, those
belonging to the crown being so extensive as to
feed above a million oi sheop.
Apure, r. S. America, rises in New Granada, in
one of the ridges that diverge from the eastern
chain of the Andes, and after I'uuning in an east-
erly course for 500 miles, and receiving numer-
ous tributaries fr<5m Venezuela, falls by several
mouths into the Orinoco. The inhabitants of the
southern part of Venezuela, are induced, by the
easy means of conveyance afforded by this river,
to send their cofl'ee, cotton, and indigo, to Guiana,
instead of carrying them on the backs of mules to
Caraccas or to Porto Cabello.
Aquackanock, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 10 m. above
Newark, on Passaic r. Pop. 2,023. The Passaie
is navigable to this place for small boats.
Aqimfortc, settlement, on the E. coast of New-
foundland. Lon. 52° 33; W. Lat. 47° 5' N.
Aqiiamboe, kingdom, in tlie interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, separated from Aquapim, by the
Rio Vclta.
Aquapim, kingdom, in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, immediately behind Acra, and W.
of the Fantee countrj'^.
Aquaquati, r. Portobello, in New Granada, en-
ters the sea at the bay of Mandinga.
Aquelaon, one of the most easterly of the LaC"
cadive islands. Lon. 73° 26' E. Lat. 10° 44' N.
Aqueti, r. Quito, flows into the Ucayale.
Aqiii, or Aquila, t. Japan, in the S. part of Ni-
phon.
Aquia, p-t. Stafford co. Va. 42 m. S. W. Wash-
ington, 80 N. E. Richmond, on Ac^uia creek, which
empties into the Potomac. Here are extensive
quarries of free-stone, of which the Capitol and
President's house at \^'a3hington ore built.
Aqmavilro, r. Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs into
tlie gulf of Mexico, W. of the Alvarado. Lat..
18° 30' N.
Aquigiiy, t. France, near the conflux of the
Eure andlton, dep. of the Eure, 3 ni. fr. Lou-
viers. Pop. 1,500.
Aquila, ibl. off the E. coast of Minorca.
Aquila, city, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra. It was
once an important barrier fortress ; but the works
are all demolished, cxcejit a small fort. The
French troops forced its gates on the 16th Decem-
ber, 1798. Pop. 13,615. 50 m. N. E. Rome, 93
N. Naples.
Aquileia, t. in the Austrian dominions, formerly
one of the largest and strongest cities in the Ro-
man empire ; but now a common country town,
containing only a few scattered buildings. It is
now included in the Lombardo-Venetian king-
dom. 20 m. S. Friuli. Lon. 13° 25' E. Lat. 45°
51' N.
Aqtiin, t St. Domiingo, 46 m. W. Jaquemel.
Aquire, r. Guiana, enters the Orinoco at its?
widest mouth.
Ara, r. Spain, in Catalonia, rises in the Pyren-
ees, and falls into the Segre. Another in Arragon,
runs into the Cinca at Ainsa.
Araba, r. Pei-sia, flows into the Arabian sea.
Lon. Qo° 40' E. Lat. 25° 30' N.
Araban, t. A. Turkey, in Orfa, on the Khabur,
76 m. S. E. Orfa. Lon. 40° E. Lat. 36° 20' N.
Arabat, t. Russia, on the N. E. of the Crimeji.
60m,S.E.Perckop.
52
A R A
A R A
Arahazari, A. Turkey, in Caramauia, lb ni. JS'.
E. Alamek.
Arab-HLisar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 38 m.
N. W. Mogla.
Arabia,) an extensive country in the S. W. of
Asia, bounded S. by the Indian ocean, W. by the
Red sea, E. by the gulf of Persia, and N. by Syr-
ia and the river Euphrates : Length from the N.
E. extremity on this river to Cape Babelmandel,
1500 miles : Breadth on the southern coast, from
the mouth of the Red sea to the Persian gulfj 1200
miles ; between Bassorah and Suez, 900. The
whole interior is an immense desert of burning
sands, interspersed with some few fertile spots,
•which appear like islands in a desolate ocean. A
hot and pestiferous wind called the Simoom, fre-
quently blows over the desert, and instantly suffo-
cates the unwary traveller ; and whole caravans
are sometimes buried by moving clouds of sand
raised by the wind. The edges of the country on
the sea coast contain some flourishing provinces
and settlements ; but in all parts they suffer for
want of water, there being no river of any conse-
quence in all Arabia, and no rain for months, and
sometimes a year, together. Arabia is commonly
divided into three parts ; Arabia Felix, or Happy
Arabia, bordering on the Persian gulf, the Indian
ocean and the southern part of the Red sea ; Ara-
bia Petroea, or Stony Arabia, lying on the Red
sea north of Arabia Felix ; and Arabia Dtserta, or
tlie Desert, including all the interior and northern
parts of the country. Among the Arabians these
names are not known : that which we call Arabia
Deserta, they call Nedsjed ; Arabia Petroea is de-
nominated Hedjas ; and Arabia Felix is divided
into the kingdoms of Yemen, Iladramaut, Om-
mon and Lasha, All the tovms are near the coast.
The principal are Mecca, the birth-place of Ma-
homet, Medina, which contains the tomb of Ma-
homet, Jidda, Mocha, Sana, and Mascat, The
Arabic language is one of the most extensively
diflused in the world. It is spoken not only in
Arabia, but in Syria, Persia, Tartary, part of In-
dia, and of China, half of Africa, all the sea coast
of the Mediterranean, and Turkey. The religion
is Mahoraetanism. The Arabs of the desert are
called Bedouins. They are a roving, lawless
race of robbers, who traverse the country in troops
on horseback, and plunder travellers and cara-
vans ; yet they have some noble qualities. They
are hospitable and generous, and if a Bedouin
Arab consents to eat bread and salt with a guest,
he would not for the world betray him. Arabia
is governed by numerous petty chiefs called
imams, emirs, or sheiks, most of whom are elected
by the people, and must consult them in all impor-
tant transactions. The Arabs are a people of
\ great spirit and valor, and resolute in defence of
their liberty. They alone of all Asiatic nations
have never been subdued. The most remarkable
animal is the camel, whicii is wonderfully fitted by
Providence for traversing the hot and pa,rched
desert. He can travel 6 or 8 days without water,
and usually carries 800 pounds upon his back,
which is not taken off during liis journey. When
weary he kneels down to rest, and sleeps with his
joad upon his back. His feet are made of a hard
fleshy substance, well fitted to resist the heat of
the sands. — The Arabian horses are the best in the
world. They are swift yet docile, and Avill live
•whole days without food, and bear incredible fa-
tigue. The inland trade of Arabia as well as of
Vrnb, Turkey, Taiiary. and Africa, is carriedon
principally by caravans, consisting of large com^
paiiies of merchants, travellers and pilgrims, who
march with their camels over the sandy deserts.
They carry their provisions and drink with them.
Their water is carried in skins by the camels.
They go armed, and travel in company to defend
themselves from the wandering Arabs.
Arabian Sea, the ancient Erijthrtean Sea, he^
tween the Persian gulf and the Indian ocean ;
bounded N. by Persia, E. by Hindoostan, S. by the
Indian ocean, and W. by Arabia.
Arabian Islands, 2 small islands in the Mediter-
ranean, near the coast of Egypt, 7 m. S. W. Alex-
andria, Lon. 30° 6' E. Lat. 31° 7' N.
Arabkir, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on a branch of
the Euphrates, 100 m. E. Sivas, 80 S. W. Erze-
rum.
Arabog, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, Lat. 22°
31' N.
Aracari, t. S. America, on the Rio Negro. Lat.-
26° 20' S.
Aracati-Assu, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 41° 16' W. Lat. 3° 5' S.
Aracati-Merim, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 41° 16' W. Lat. 3° r S.
Aracaij, or A racas, r. enters the Orinoco opposite
Ciudad Real.
Aracena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, in the Sierra
Morena, 30 m. N. N. W. Seville.
Arachova, t. Eu, Turkey, in Livudia, 6 m. N.
Salona.
Aracka. See Herakli.
Araco, r. Chili, runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat;
27° 9' S.
Arad-Varmegye, county, Hungary, 48 m. long,
and from 9 to 14 broad. It has 6 market towns,
41 villages, 6 Catholic, and 42 Greek parishes.
Pop. in 1787, with the coimty of Sarand, 152,930.
Arad, Old, t. Hungary, on the Marosch, cap. of
Arad county. Near it is the castle of Arad, now
in ruins. Here is held the chief cattle market in
the kingdom, which is frequented by drovers from
\'ienna, and other parts of Germany. 24 m. N.
Temeswar, and 195 S. E. Presburg,
Arad, Jfew, is also on the Marosch, about 2i
m, from the old town, on the opposite side of the
river, Lon. 21° 3' E. Lat. 46° 1 1' N.
Arad, or Ennebbi SalcEchh, one of the Bahhrein
islands, in the gulf of Persia,
Aradi, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 10 m. N. W.
Katsamoni.
Arafat Mount, Arabia, 15 m. S, E, Mecca,
held in veneration by the Mahometans, and one
principal object of their pilgrimages to that city.
Arafaxa, t. Sweden, in West Bothnia, on the
Tornea, 32 m. N. Tornea.
Aragua, t. South America, in Cumana. Also a
river of Paraguay.
Araguaia, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Toccan-
tins.
Araguaya, r. Brazil, separates the province of
Matto Grosso from that of Goiaz, and runs into
the Toocantins in lat. 6° S,
Araguita^ Santo Domingo de, t, S. America, in
Cumana, 3 leagues S. E, New Barcelona,
Aragwi, the Arragon of the ancients, r, Geor-
gia, falls into the Kur near Teflis,
Arahal, v. Spain, in Andalusia, 27 m. E. N, E, .
Seville.
Araiche, d, or Larache, s-p. Morocco, at the
mouth of the river El Kos. It was formerly a
town of considerable trade, but in 1780 the empe-
ror Seedy Mahomed issued orders for all Europe^
A R A
ans to quit the town, and it has ever since remain-
ed shut against them. The empei-or's larger vessels
generally winter here. Pop. 3,000. Lat.35° ll'N.
Araketry, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m. fr. Seringa-
patam.
Aral, lal<e, in independent Tartary, about 150
j m. long and 60 broad. The water is salt, and it
! receives many rivers, one of which is the Oxus,
after a coarse of 950 miles. It has no communi-
cation with the sea, yet does not overflow its
! banlis.
j Aram, t. Arabia, 38 m. N. E. Chamir.
I Aramaghaneh, t. Persia, with a fort, in Azerbi-
I Jan.
j Aramascheva, t. Siberia, 90 m. S. Tobolsk.
Aramits, t. S. iVance, in the Lower Pyrenees.
Pop. 1,050. 9 leagues S. W- Pau.
Aramo, t. and fort, Chili, near the Pacific, 30
m. S. La Conception.
Aramont, t. France, on the Rhone. Pop. 2,200.
I in the Card, 5^ leagues E. by N. of Nismes.
I Arampali, t. Hind, in Madura, formerly cele-
brated lor its manufactures, employing 2000
looms.
Aran, t. Persia, in Irak, 100 m. N. Ispahan,
i Aranas, r. Spain, runs into the Agra, 2 m. below
Pampeluna.
Arance, v. France, in the Ain, 7 leagues S, E.
Bourg.
[ Aranda de Duero, t. on the Duero, Spain, in
Burgos, 35 m. S. Burgos, and 90 N. Madrid. Pop.
3,50a. ' « ' ^
I Aranda de Ebro, t. and castle, Spain, in Arra-
gon, on the Xalon, 19 m. N. W. Calatayud.
Arandon, v. France, in the Isere, 14 leagues N.
i by E. Grenoble.
j Arandore, t. Ceylon, 22 m. S. S, W. Candy.
i Arang, t. on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116°
I 30'E.Lat. 10.33'S.
j Aranha, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 12 m. N.
JC. Leyria.
j Aranjues, i. and royal palace, Spain, on the
! Tagus, 30 m. S. Madrid. During part of the
j'ear it is the residence of the court. The town is
I built in conformity to a model laid down by gov-
j frnment, who make over lots of ground to those
I "vv^ho undertake to build according to the prescri-
I bed plan. Broad and parallel streets, with fine
' pavements, intersect each other at right angles.
I The houses are two stories high, painted white,
[ \vith green doors and window-shutters, and double
! rows of trees planted before them. The high
j road from Aranjuez to Madrid is constructad on
! the model of the ancient Roman roads, and each
I iiile is said to have cost 33,250 1, sterling. Pop. of
! trie town during the residence of the court, about
10,000.
Arannos, t. in Spanish Navarre, 9 m. from St.
i^stevan.
Aranta, port in Peru, 60 m. S. W. Arequipa.
Aranyos, Great and Little, two rivers in Tran-
■ aylvania, unite at St. Kirati, and flow into the
j Marosch, above St. Emmerick.
1 Araparipucu, t. Brazil, on an arm of the Am-
I azon, 170 m. W. S. W. Para.
Arapecuma, r. Guiana, runs S. into the Ama-
! zon near the strait of Paxis.
Arapijo, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Amazon, 18
iiu W. S. W. Curupu.
Arapucu, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Amazon
at its mouth.
Araques, t. Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. N. N. W.
Jaca.
A R A
53
Araquil, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13 m. W. Pam-
peluna.
Ararat, a lofty mountain of Armenia, 60 m. S.
E. Erivan. It is venerated by the Armenians,
from a belief that Noah's ark rested on it. Height
9,500 feet.
Ararat, or Pilot Mt. N. 6. on the N. side of
Yadkin r. near Salem. It rises like a pyramid,
several thousand feet high, with an area of an
acre at the top,from which it shoots up like a steeple
300 feet high, and 100 in diameter at the base, and
terminates in a flat surface. It is seen at 70 mileS
distance ; and served the Indians tor a beacon or
pilot in their routes.
Arari, r. Brazil, in Para, runs S. into the At-
lantic, opposite the island of Tamarca.
Arariba, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Pernam-
buco.
Aras, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 50 m. N.
Schamaghie, 130 m. S. S. E. Teflis.
Aras, r. Asia, rises in Armenia, 20 m. S. of Er-
zerum, and joins the Kur, in about 48° 30' E. lon.
40° 5' N. lat. 50 m. from the Caspian sea.
Arasa, mountain, Arabia, in Hedsjas, S. E.
Mecca.
Araseng, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Casbin.
Arassie, t. Italy, in the territory of Genoa, now-
belonging to Piedmont. Here travellers hire ves-
sels for diflerent ports of Italy. 5 m. S. W. Alben-
ga. Lat. 44° 4' N.
Arathapescow. See Atkapescow.
Araticu, r. Para, in Brazil, flows into the Ama-
zon at its mouth.
Aratura, r. S. America, rises in the mountains'
of Itamaca, and enters the mouth of the Orinoco,
on the S. bank. It is navigable about 10 leagues.
Aran, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau,
on the Aarau. It has manufactures of linen, cot-
ton, and silk. It has been commonly chosen for
the general assembly of the protestant cantons,
and was at diflerent times the seat of the Helvetic
government. 30 m. N. N. E. Berne. Pop. 2,000.
Aravacourchy. See Arrivacourchy.
Arauca, r. in Caraccas, S. America, falls into
the Apure r. near its junction with the Orinoco.
Aravcanians, a barbarous nation of Indians in
Chili, Avho inhabit the country between the riv-
ers Biobio and Valdivia, and between the Andes
and sea, extending from 36° 44' to 39° 50' of S. lat.
They are enthusiastically attached to their inde-
pendence, and are the implacable enemies of the
Spaniards, who have never been able to subject
them. For two centuries a succession of wars hae
been carried on between them and the Spaniards,
interrupted only by occasional treaties.
Aravifa, t. Spain, 40 m. E. Cordova.
Araure, city, S. America, in Venezuela, on the
Acarigua, N. N. E. Truxillo.
Arawari, r. S. America, in Guiana, falls into the
Atlantic. By the peace of 1801, it was made the
boundary between French and Portuguese Gui-
ana.
Arawill, t. Hind, in Candeiiih, 6 m. S. E. Chu-
prah.
Araxa, r. Spain, runs into the Orio at Tolosa.
Araxi, r. Brazil, in Paraiba, flows into theMon-
gagnaba.
Aray, or Aoreidh, r. Scotland, Argyle co. falls
into the sea at the head of Loch Fyne.
Araya, Santiaga de, point, on the coast of Cu-
mana, S. America, where there are salt works.
Lon 64° 20' W.
.^ram, r. Pern, ri?e'-> in the Andes of Cuchoa, in
54
ARC
Pomabamba, and fulls by various mouUis into the
Amazon.
Arbaejv^ t. Arabia, 12 m. N. Zebid.
Arbe, or Arba^ isl. in the gulf of Quai-noro, in
the Adriatic, about 30 m. in circuit. Pop. 4,()00.
Arba, the chief town, contains 1,400 inhabitants.
Arbeca, i. and castle, Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m.
E. Lerida.
Arbegen, t. Transylvania, 7 m. N. Stoltzenberg.
Arbestaal, t. Austria, 3 m. N. Brug-g.
Arbica, t. Spain, in Navarre, 30 m. W. N. W,
Pampeluna.
Arbil. See Erbil.
Arbirlot, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. on the sea-
coast. Its mineral well is resorted to successfully
in rheumatic and scorbutic cases. Pop. 1,014.
Arbis., V. France, in the Gironde, 7 leagues S.
E. Bordeaux,
Arboga, t. Sweden, in Westmannland. Pop.
1,200. It stands on a navigable river, and a ca-
nal connects it with Stockholm, and with Orebro.
The chief objects of trade are saddlery and iron.
65 m. W. Stockholm.
Arbois, t. France ; the birth-place of Piche-
gru. 7 leagues N. E. Lons-le-Saulnier. Lon. 3°
51' E. Lat. 46° 54' N. Pop. 6,420.
Arboktes, Cienega de los, port, S. America, in
Carthagena.
Arbon, t. Swiss canton of Thuipiu, on the lake
Constance, the capital of a district. 7 ni. N. St.
Gall.
Arbone, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas. 100 m. N. W.
Mecca.
Arboreda del N'orte, 2 isls. on the coast of Bra-
zil ; one is in the province of Rey, N. Santa Cata-
lina.
Arbos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 leagues from
Tarragona.
Arboucave, t. France, in the Landes, 12 m. S.
E. St. Sever, 13 E. N. E. Orthez.
Arbra, t. Sweden, in Helsingland, 24 m. N. W.
Soderhamm.
Arbresk, or La Bresle, t. France, at the junction
ofthe Jardine and Brevenne, 8 m. from Lyons.
Pop. 870.
Arbroath. See Aberbrol/iock.
Area, t A. Turkey, in Marasch, 20 m. W. Ma-
latia.
Arcabey, t. W. coast St. Domingo, 16 m. N. Cul
de Sac.
Arcadia, in Greece, a mountainous province in
theMorea, celebrated in ancient song as the seat
of pastoral innocence and happiness. The present
town of Arcadia is in the Morca, 40 m. N. W.
Misitra. Lon. 21° 34' E. Lat. 37° 22' N.
Arcanaio, t. Italy, 18 m. W. Milan.
Arcano, t. Italy, in Friuli, 11m. W. Udina.
Areas, isl. one of the archipelago ofthe Bissagos,
near the mouth of the llio Grande, on the VV.
coast of Africa. Lon. 14° 4' W. Lat. 11° 8' N.
Areas, islands or rocks near the coast of Yuca-
tan, in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 92° 24' W. Lat.
20° 12' N.
Arcasson, bay on theS. W. coast of France, in
the Gironde.
Arceles, t. France, in the Eastern Pyrenees, 12
m. S. E. Perpignan.
Arc-en-Barrois, t. France, on the Saugean, in
Marne. Pop. 1,770. 4i leagues S. W. Chau-
mont.
Arces, t. France^ in the Lower Charentc. 6
leagues S. W. Saintes.
ARC
Arch, v. in the Swiss canton of Berne. Lon-
10° 47' E. Lat. 45° 53' N.
Archaivra, or Fivagoe, t. on the coast of Hindos-
Stan, 30 m. S. Severndroog.
Archangel, or Arc/iangelskoe, government in the
northern part of Russia, it lies under an inclem-
ent sky, where the summer is short, and the win-
ter of uncommon severity. In the northern parts,
the ground is entirely destitute of vegetation, with
the exception of a few hardy shrubs. The princi-
pal wealth of the country Lies in its fisheries, which
extend along the Avhole coast. Pop. 113,000. Ex-
tent, 336,400 square miles.
Archangel, cap. ofthe above, is at the mouth of
the Dwina, a few miles from the White sea. It is
much Irequented by the tradere of all nations, par-
ticularly by the English, the Dutch, and the inhab-
itants of Bremen and Hamburg. Its trade received
a shock on the erection of St. Petersburg into a
commercial town by Peter I. In 17Ci', it was en-
dowed with all the rights and privileges possessed
by St. Petersburg ; yet it has never regained its
prosperity. Archangel contains the chief deposit
of foreign articles destined for Siberia. Pop. in its
flourishing state, 30,000 ; at present, from 5 to
7000. 400 m. IN. E. St. Petersburg.
Archangelsk, a copper work of Russia, in Oxen-
burg, on the Aksina. It employs nearly 500 work-
men, and yields about 240,000 lbs. a year. Lon.
30° 44' E. Lat. 48° 30' N.
Archangtlskoy, 2 towns in Russia ; one 124 m.
N. iN. E. Kostroma ; tlie other 90 m. N. E. Vol-
ogda.
I Arche, t. France, in the Lower Aljjs, on the
borders of Piedmont. Pop. 800. 6 rn. S. \^^
Erive.
Archer, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Cadiz,
Pop. 611.
Arches, v. France, on the left bank of the Maese,
a mile from Charleville in the Rheteiois.
Arches, v. F ranee, on the Mosalle, dep. of the
Vosges, 12 leagues S. E. Nancy.
Archi, t. Naples, iu Abruzzo Citra. 8 m, S.
Lanciano.
Archiac, t. France, in the Lower Charente, 8
leagues S. E. Saintes. Pop. 1,340.
Archidona, t. Sjjain, on the W. frontier of Gra-
nada. Pop. 5,000. 9 m. E. Antequera.
Archidona, city, Quito. In 1744 it was almost
ruined by an explosion of the volcano of Cotopaxi.
80 m. S. E. Quito.
Archingey, t. France, in the Lower Charente.
3 leagues S. W. St. Jean d'Angely.
Archinto, t. Upper Italy, in the territory of
Como, with the title, of a county.
Archipelago. This term is applied to any
tract of sea, abounding in small islands, and more
particularly to the iEgeau sea, or that part of the
Mediterranean between the coasts of Asia Minor
and Greece.
Archipelago af the Great Cyclades. See J^ew
Hebrides.
Archipelago of the Recherche, several groups of"
islands, rocks, and shoals, on the S. coast of New
Holland, between 34° and 34° 30' S. Lat. and 121°
30' to 123° 20' E. Lon.
Arehiwinnily Sea, commiiuicates with Hudson's
bay, through Hazard gulf.
Arcidosso, t. grand duchy of Tuscany, in theloAV-
er province of Sienna.
Arcisa, or Arcisata, t. Italy, in the duchy of Mi-
lan, near the source of tlie Olona, 10 m. W. Como.
A R D
Arcis-sw-^'iube, t. France, on the Aobe, in the
department of the Aube. It has manufactures of
worsted stockings and caps. It sufiei'ed consider-
ably in the campaign of 1814. 61eagues N. Troyes.
Pop. 2,320.
,4rco, ovArch, t. on the Sarca, on the confines
of Tyrol, towards Italy. It gives name to a coun-
try or district which comprehends IB villages and
hamlets, and now forms part ol tlie Lombardo-Ve-
neti'an kingdom. The town is 12 m. W. I'rent.
Pop. 2,700.
Arcoy t. Sicily, in the Valdi Noto, 5 m. N. Noto.
Arcoe, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100°
35' E. Lat. 2° 54' N.
Arcole, v. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S. E.
Verona.
Areola, or Fering-Petter, v. Hind, in (^^anaros,
on the N. bank of the Mangalore.
Arcorut, v. on the island of Rugen, in the Baltic,
20 m. N. Bergen.
Arconcei/, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 10
leagues W. Dijon.
Areas, or Arcosde la Frontera, t. Spain, in Anda-
lusia, on the Gnadalette. Pop. 12,000. It IS the
residence of a vicar-general of the metropolitan
of Seville. 40 m, S. Seville. Lon. 5° 55' W. Lat.
36° 40' N.
Areas, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Xalon, 9
ni. above Medina Celi.
Areas, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m. S. S. E. Pes-
quiera.
Areas, los, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13m. S. Estella.
Areas de P'aldexez, t. Portugal, in Entre Dour©
e Minho.
Arcot, district, Hind, formerly an independent
state, but transferred by the nabob to the British
in 1801.
Arect, city. Hind. cap. of the Carnatic, on the
Palar ; 73 m. W. S. Vv^ Madras, 217 E. Seringa-
pat«m. Lon. 79° 29' E. Lat. 12° 52' N.
Arcs, les, t. France, in the Var, near the left
bank of the Argens, 13 leagues N. E. Toulon.
Arc-snr-Tille, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 3
leagues from Dijon.
Areueit, v. France, 2i m. from Paris. Here is
the aqueduct laid in 1624, by Mary of Medicis, to
convey water from Rongis to Paris ; 200 toises
long, consisting of 20 arches.
Arci/, or Airjj, t. France, in the Yonne, on the
Curefj 4 leagues S. S. E. Auxerre.
Ard, r. Germany, rises near Wehen, in tJie
duchy of Nassau, and runs into the Lalm at Dietz.
Ardacker, or Ardagger, t. Lower Austria, on the
Danube, 10 m. S. W. Ips.
Ardagh, t. Ireland, 5 m. S. E. Longford.
Ardal, t. Norway, above 70 m. N. Christiana.
Ar dales. See Hardales.
Ardanondjie, t. Turkish Armenia, 40 m. N.
Kars, 90 N. E. Erzerum. Lon. 43° 45' E. Lat.
40° '14' N.
Ardatov, t. A. Russia, on the Alatyr, 128 m. W.
Simbirsk.
Ardatoio, t, Russia. Pop, 780. 90 m. W. Sim-
birsk.
Ardaicw, t. Russia, 60 m. S. S. W. Nishnei No-
vogorod. Lon. 43° 4' E. Lat. 50° 20' N.
Ardbracean, v. Ireland, Meath co. Pop. 4,126.
Ardehil, Little, t. Persia, in Fars, 54 m. N. Chi-
raz.
Ardecan, t. Persia, in Irak, 15 m. S. S. W. Gner-
den, 140 E. Ispahan.
Ardeclie, r. France, falls into the Rhone, 4 m.
above Pont St. Esprit.
ARD
55
Ardcche, department, France, bounded E. by
the Rhone ; S. by the Gard; W. by Lozere and
Upper Loire ; N. W. by Loire; and N. E. by
Isere. It contains 2,376 square miles. Pop. in
1816, 284,743.
Ardee, t. Ireland, Louth co. 35 ra. N. VV. Dub-
lin.
Arden, Point, on the N. W. coast of Admiralty
Island, in Stephen's passage. Lon. 226° 1' E. La) .
58° 9' N.
Ardenelle, or Urdankidly, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
tdre, 47 m. S. E. Sermgapatam.
Ardcnne, t. France, in the Deux-Sevres. Here
are quarries, of black, white, and red marble.
Ardennes, a forest in France, in the department-
of Ardennes.
Ardennes, department in France, bounded N.
by Netherlands, E. by Meuse, W. by Aisne, and
S. by Marne, containing 1,029, lfi9 square acres,
and 346,000 inhabitants. Its riches lie in its for-
ests, its pastures, and its cattle.
Ardenna, t. Italy, in the Valteline, 5 m. N. E.
Morbegno.
Ardensan, t. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, 38 m. N,
W. Arzingan.
Ardero, L Calabria Ultra, in Naples, 7 m. S.
Gierace.
Ardes, t. France, in the Puy de Dome, the place
of traffic between Up^>er and Lower Auvergne. 10
leagues S. Cleremont-Ferraud. Pop. 1,640.
Ardesh, t. Armenia, on the Aras, 15 m. S. Eri-
van.
Ardes-Lays, t. France, in the Vendee, 4 leagues
W. S. W. Mauleon.
Ardevil, or Ardehil, t. Persi^in Azerbijan, 56
m. N. E. Tabriz. Lon. 48° 5' WLat. 38° 15' N.
Ardfert, t. Ireland, Kerry co. The town is gov-
erned by a port-reeve, and 12 burgesses. 4 m. N.
W. Tralee, 50 from Limerick, 144 from Dublin.
Ardjinnan, v. Ireland, Tipperary co. on the
Suir. 6 m. N. W. Clonmel.
Ardglass, s-p. Ireland, Down co. 5 m. S. E.
Downpatrick.
Ardia, t. Italy, in the Cainpagna di Roma, on a
river, near the Mediterranean, 5 m. S. Albano.
Ardiere, r. France, in Ain, falls into the Saone,
near Belleville.
Ardlla, r. Sj^anish Eslremadura, discharges it-
self into the Guadiana, near Moura, in Portugal.
Ardillals, les, t. France, in the Rhone. Pop,
1 ,000. 5 leagues N. W. Ville-Franche.
Ardingay, or Ardingy, t. Hind, in the Cai-natic,
44 m. S. W. Tanjore.
Ardingay, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 m. S. E,
Trumian.
Ardis, t. A. Turkey, on a branch of the Tigris,
30 m. N. N. W. Diarbekir.
Ardistan, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. N. E. Ispa-
han.
Ardivoran Head, theN. end of North Uist. Lon.
70°20' W. Lat.57°41'N.
Ardmore, v. Ireland, Waterford co. on the bay
of Ardmore, 7 m. SLW. Dungarvon,
Ardmare Head, a cape on tho. W. coast of the
island of Skye. Lon. 6° 38' W. Lat. 51° 37' N.
Ardmoy, v. Ireland, Antrim co. on the rivei-
Bush, 8 m. N. E. Ballymdney.
Ardmurkemish Bay, on the W. coast of f:cotland,
Lon. 5° 54' W. Lat. 56° 28' N.
Ardnaglass Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland, G
m. S. W.' Sligo. Lon. 8° 30' W. Lat. 54° 16' N-
Ardoch, v^ Scotland, P^rthsliire, Bm. N. D<iTn-
blane.
56
ARE
Ardore, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 6 m. S.
Gierace.
Ardoyt^ t. Netherlands, near Bruge?. Pop.
5,900.
Ardra, or Ardrah, territory, W. Africa, on the
coast of Guinea, immediately E. of Whydah.
The king was formerly very powerful ; but early
in the last century was reduced to complete sub-
jection by the king of Dahomey. Ardra, the cap-
ital, is a large city, about 40 miles inland, on the
W. bank of the Euphrates. Lon. 1° 52' E. Lat.
6° 36' N.
Ardre, or Ardres, a small but well fortified town,
in France, 6 m. fr. Calais. It is a barrier fortress
on the side of the Netherlands.
Ardre, r. France, joins the Loire near its
mouth. It is navigable for small vessels.
Ardrossan, s-p. Scotland, Ayrshire, resorted to
for sea bathing. It has a safe and spacious har-
bor, constructed at great expense. Pop. 2,626.
1 m. N. Saltcoats.
Ardsche. See Argieh.
Ardesillas, v. Ireland, Clare co, 13 m. fr. Lim-
erick.
Ardstinchar, or Stinchar, r. Scotland, falls into
the sea at Ballantrae.
Ardstraw, v. and parish, Ireland, Tyrone co. 6
m. S. Strabane, 94 fr. Dublin. Pop. 18,122.
Ardcert, t. France, on the coast of the Lower
Charente. Pop. 2,600. 6^ leagues W. Saintes.
Areb, or Arrab, two villages, on opposite sides
of the Nile, in Nubia, 10 m. N. Dcrri.
Arebico, t Porto Rico, 30 m, fr. St. John.
Arebo, or Arbon, t. Benin, on the Formosa, 60
m. above its mou||| : a centre for the trade of the
country. Lon. |F8' E. Lat. 5° 58' N.
Arechf or Hareucfi, fort, ^yria, 12 m. fr. An-
tioch.
Arecive, t. Buenos Ayres, 120 m. N. W. Buenos
Ayres.
Areck. See Larek.
Areco, v. Buenos Ayres, on a river, 24 leagues
fr. Buenos Aj'res.
Arecnsa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 10 m. N. W.
Jeddo.
Ared, El, a ridge of mountains in Arabia De-
serta.
Aregh, or Arrack, t. Hind, in Visiapour, 10 m.
E. Merritch. Lon. 75° 11' E. Lat. 16° 56' N.
Aregno, v. Corsica, 2i leagues E. Calvi, 9J W.
by N. Bastia.
Areito, r. S. America, in Giunana, enters the
Guai^piche.
Arektt, was the name of a kingdom which com-
prehended Dauphin^, Provence, Burgundy, Sa-
voy, and the west of Switzerland ; and was some-
times called the kingdom of Burgundy. It ex-
isted in the 9th century, and has long been united
to the French crown : except Savoy, and the
portion belonging to Switzerland.
Aremberg, a small principality of Germany, on
the Eiffel, lying between Cologne, Juliers, and
Blankenheim, and now included in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, which belongs to
Prussia. Pop. 3,000. Revenue, 30,000 florins.
Aremberg, v. in the foregoing principality, 26
m. S. Cologne. Pop. 200.
Aren, r. S. America, in Cumana, enters the
Guarapiche.
Arena, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. E.
Nicotera.
Arena, r. Sirily. falls into the Mediterraiican
near Mazzarj.
ARE
Arena, v. Abyssinia, at the bottom of the bay
of Howakil, A factory of Somanli traders car-
ry on here considerable commerce.
Arenah t. S. America, 66 m. N. Tucuman.
Arenas Bahia de, bay on the coast of the straits
of Magellan. Also, three points or capes, one on
the coast of Maracaibo, another on the W. coast
of S. America, in the bay of Guayaquil, op])Osite
the island La Puna, between the 2d and 3d de-
grees of S. lat. ; and anotlier on the coast of Ter-
ra del Fuego.
Arenas Gondas, Cape de las, on the E. coast €)f
Patagonia. Lat. 38° S.
Arendal, or Arndal, t. Norway, on a river, in
Christiansand, near the sea. The river here is
navigable for vessels of considerable size. Its
trade is chiefly in wood. Iron mines are wrought
in tlic neighbourhood.
Arendonk, t. Netherlands, The inhabitant?
support themselves in part by training hawks.
Here are manufactures of woollen and linen
cloth, and stockings. Pop. 2,850. 6 m. E. Twin-
hout.
Ardcnsee, t. and bailiwick, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, in Prussia, 18 m. N. W. Stendal..
Lon. 11° 35' E. Lat. 52° 47' N .
Arenoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast o!
Norway. Lat. 70° 6' N.
Arcns, t. and castle, Spain, in Arragon, on thr
confines of Catalonia.
Arens de Mar, or Santa Maria de Ariens, t.
Spain, on the coast of Catalonia, 12 leagues fr.
Gerona. It has manufactures of anchors, silk
and cotton stockings, and other stuffs. Pop. 3,500.
Arensberg, t. Germany, on tlie Roer, capital of
the duchy of Westphalia, and of the county of
Arensberg in particular. It has a castle, and
2535 inhabitants. 40 m. S. S. E. Munster.
Arensberg, v. Holstein, 16 m. N. E. Hamburgh.
Arensberg, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg, 8 m. S. Strelitz.
Arensburg, t. island of Osel, in the Baltic, be-
longing to Livonia. Pop. 1,400, Germans, Rus-
sians, and Esthonians. It is the capital of the
circle of the same name in the government of
Riga, which comprehends the islands of Oesel
and Moen. It was taken by the Russians in 1710,
and has remained in their possession since the
peace of Nystadt. 96 m. S. W. Revel.
Arensdorf, v. in the Middle Mark of Branden-
burg, circle of Lebus, belonging to the university
of Frankfort on the Oder. Also, a village in the
Mark of Prieguitz.
Arenswalde, t. in the circle of the same namcj,
in the New Mark of Brandenburg. Pop. 2,150.
94 m. N. E. Berlin.
Arenusa, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. W.
St. Severina,
Arequipa, province, Peru, bounded N. by Col-
laguas, E. by Lampa, S. by Moquehua and Arica,
W. by the Pacific.
Arequipa, cap. of the above, one of the largest
towns in Peru, containing about 40,000 inhabi-
tants. The houses are well built of stone, and
vaulted. It has been four times laid in ruins by
earthquakes. 217 leagues S. E. Lima, 50 N. Ari-
ca. Lon. 71° 58' W. Lat. 16° 16' S.
Ares, t. in the county of T}to1, 11 m, S. W.
Tyrol.
Aresche, v. France, in the Jura, 2h m. E. Ar-
bois.
Areskuia, t. Sweden, in Jarntland, 50 m. N. W.
Fro?on)
A R G
Aresso^ t. Spain, in Navarre, district of Pampe-
luna.
Arevalillo, r. Spain, in Old Castile, falls into
the Adaja.
Arevalo, v. Spain, in Old Castile, between the
Adaja and Arevalillo. Pop. 2,600 18 m. S. E.
Medina del Campo.
Jirezzo, t. in the grand duchy of Tuscany, at
the influx of the Chiana into the Arno. Pop.
8,000. 25 m. E. N. E. Sienna, 34 S. E . Florence.
Lon. IP 50' E. Lat. 43° 28' N.
Arfara, one of tiie Shetland islands, near the S.
coast of Yell. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat. 60° 47' N.
Arfeuilk, v. France, in the AUier, 12 leagues
S. E. Moulins.
Argana, Argenah, or Hargana, t. A. Turkey,
cap. of a district in Diarbekir. It is on the side of
a mountain, with streets so steep that a stranger
can walk with difficulty ; and the roads ascending
the mountain are dangerous. Lon. 39° 20' E.
Lat. 38° 15' N.
Argana^ t. A. Turkey, 18 m. S. S. W. Erze-
rum,
Argancyy t. France, in the Moselle, 9 m. S. Thi-
onville, 5 N. Metz.
Arganda, t. Spain, in New Castile. Pop. 600.
4 leagues fr. Madrid.
Arganil, t. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 1,100. 16
m. E. Coimbra.
Argao, t. on the E. coast of Zebu, one of the
Philippine islands. Lon. 123° 39' £. Lat. 10°
18' N.
Argarossa, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere, 3 m. N.
W. Moutiers.
Argasch, i. Russia, in Simbrisk,
Arge, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 170 m. N.
W. Bassora.
Argeles, v. France, in the eastern Pyrenees, 5
leagues S. E. Perpignan. Pop, 1,360.
Argeles, or Argelcr, v. France, in the Upper Py-
renees. Pop. 850. 7 leagues S. W. Tarbes.
Argtn, r. Upper Suabia, falls into the lake of
Constance, S. Bregentz.
Argence, v. France, in Calvados, 6i leagues E.
S. E. Caen.
Argens, t. France, on the canal of Languedoc,
dep. of the Aude, 4 leagues W, N. VV. Narbonne.
Argens, v. France, in the Lower Alps, 20
leagues N. E. Aix.
Argens, r. France, runs into the Mediterranean
near Frejus.
Argent, v. France, in Cher, on the Saudre, 17
leagues N. Bourges. Pop. 1,050.
Argentac, or Argentat, t. France, on the Dor-
dogne, in Correze, 12 m. S. E. Tulle.
Argenlan, t. Lower Normandy, on the Oru. It
is the birth place of Mezeray. Pop. in 1815,
5,583. 4 leagues S. Falaise, about 44 W. Paris.
Argentaro, the ancient Scardus, a ridge of
mountains in European Turkey, which separates
Bulgaria from Macedonia.
Argenteau, t. Netherlands, in the duchy of Lim-
burg, 6 m. W. Dalem.
Argentera, Cape, on the W. coast of Sardinia.
Argenteuii, t. Franco, on the right bank of the
Seine, two leagues fr. Paris. The neighbouring
quarries yield good gypsum, which is mostly trans-
ported to Normandy. Pop. 4,760.
Argenteuii, t. France, in the Yonne, on the Ar-
mancon. Pop. 1,000. 8 m, S. Tonnerre.
Argentaiil, seignior}^, York co. Lower Canada,
on N, side of the Ottaway, 35 m, W. Montreal.
A R G
51
Argenthal, t. in the grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 40 m. E. Treves.
Argentiera, or Kimoii, the ancient Cimolus, isl.
in the Archipelago, belonging to the government
of the capudan-pacha. The island is covered with
a chalk called Cimolian earth, used in the wash*
ing and bleaching of linen. Lon. 24° 42' E. Lat.
36° 47' N.
Argentiera, t. Italy, in Cadorin, 11 m. N. N. W.
Cadoi-a.
Argentiere, t. France, in Ardeclie, on the
Ligne. Pop. 2,000 7 leagues W. Viviers.
Argentiere, or Argentine, t. on the Arc, Mauri-
enne co. in Savoy. Pop. 900. It has lead mines,
and an iron forge. 4 leagues N. by W. St. Jean
de Maurienne.
Argentiere, Col d% a mountain of the Alps, in
the county of Saluzzo, in Piedmont, across which
there is a pass from Barcellonette, in France, to
Coni in Italy. The village of Argentiere lies ia
the valley of the Stura.
Argentieres, v. France, in Upper Alps, 9J
leagues N. E. Gap.
Argentina, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, at the
foot of the Appenines, 10 m. S. W. Visignano.
Argenton, t. France, on the Creuse, in Indre.
Pop. 3,400. 15 m. S. S. W. Chateauroux.
Argenton-le-Chateau, t. France, in Deux-Sev-
res, 4 leagues W. Thouars. Pop. 880.
Argenton V Eglise, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 2
leagues N. Thouars. Pop. 780.
Argentre-soiis Laval, t. France, in Mayenne, on
the Jouan, 2 leagues E. Laval. Pop. 1,650.
Argentre-sous Fitrc,t. France, in the Ule and Vi-
laine, 9 leagues E. Rennes. Pop. 2,300.
Argia. See Argos.
Argieh, or Ardsche, v. Bagdad, on tlie left bank
of the Euphrates, 25 m. N. Sura.
Argilly, t. France, in Cote d'Or, '6 leagues S.
Dijon.
Argisch, t. Wallachia, near the frontiers of
Transylvania, 50 m. S. E. Hermannstadt.
Argisch, r. rises in the mountains between Wal-
lachia and Transylvania, 10 m. S. E. Hermann-
stadt, and after passing by Kordedeardi, Piteszti,
and Butroi, joins the Danube near Mireni.
Argisch, the ancient Arzes, t. Armenia, in Van,
on the N. W. side of lake Van or Arsis, opposite
Van. Lon. 43° E. Lat. 38° 40' N.
Argite, isl. in the gulf of Egina, 16 m. E. Egina.
Argjmi, Argi7ia, Arga Tau, or Arkaula, moun-
tains of Tartary, N. E. Cashgar, which terminate
near Tashkund, on the river Sihon.
Arglore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 m. S. W.
Tiagar.
Argob, in Sac. Geog. a country in Bashan, con-
taining 60 towns.
Argol, V. France, in Finisterre, 7 leagues N. N.
W. Quimper.
Argon. See Formosa.
Argonda, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. N. W.
Chittoor.
Argonne, a woody tract in France, 20 leagues iu
lengtli, in the departments of the Maese, the
Marne, and the Ardennes.
Argos, kingdom of the Peloponnesus, on tlie
gulf of Napoli di Romania. It constitutes, witb
Corinth and Sicyon, the province of Saccania or
Romania Minor. Argos, the chief t. stands on
the Nacho, and its pop. is 10,000. Lon. 22° 47' E.
Lat. 37° 48' N.
Argostoli, chief t. of the island of Cephalonia.
Pop, 5,000. Its harbof is tiie be'it in the island. It
59
A R I
has dock-yards, and the flotilla is one of ti»e larg-
est in the Archipelago. The ancient name was
Cranii. 8 m. W. S. W. Ccphalonia.
Argouge, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. S.
Avi-anches. *
Argutdas., t. Spain, in Navarre, 7 ra. fr. Tudela.
Argueil, v. France, in Lower Seine, 7 leagues
N. E. Rouen.
Arguello, Paint, on the W. coast of N. Ameri-
ca, in New Albion. Lon. 239° 46' E. Lat. 34°
38' N.
Arguenon, r. f*rance, runs into the sea near St.
Malo.
Arguin, isl. in a gulf on the W. coast of Africa,
the ancient Cerne, at which Hanno founded a
colony. The gulf contains stock fisli, and the
best species of tuxtle. Lon. 16" 20' W. Lat. 20'='
23' N.
Argun, Argan, or Ergoji, r. Tartary, rises from
lake Dailai, or Koulon-Nor, in 119° 14' E. lon.
and 49° N. lat. in the country of the Mongols, It
is considered to be the original source of the river
Amur, which river is formed of its stream and of
that of the Schilka, in lon. 121° 14' E. lat. 53° N.
It is the boundary between Russia and China,
from the source to its mouth, 180 m. E. Nerts-
chinsk.
Argunskoi, t. and fort, Siberia, in Irkhutsk, on
the W. bank of the Argun, 162 m. from its mouth,
177 E. Nertschink. It carries on a considerable
trade ; but the climate is so cold, that the summer
heat penetrates the earth very superficially.
Near it are valuable silver mines. Lon. 120° 14'
E. Lat. 50° 50' N.
Argyle, or Argyll, a maritime co. on the W.
coast of Scotland, bounded N. by Inverness-shire,
E. by the counties of Perth and Dumbarton, S. by
the Irish sea and the river Clyde, and W. by the
Atlantic ocean. It embraces numerous islands,
and its shores abound with deep bays and inlets,
in which the herring fishery is prosecuted with
great success. A large portion of the county con-
sists of heath, rocks, and mountains. Many valu-
able minerals are found, such as lead, copper, and
iron. There is a profusion of beautiful marble,
of different colours, which is susceptible of the
highest polish ; and inexliaustible quarries of fine
blue slate, which is exported in ship loads. Tlie
lands are adapted for grazing; and numbers of
black cattle are reared, and sent to the market ol
the low countries. Argylcshii-e is divided into G
districts; Argyle, Cowal, Kintyre, Lorn, Islay,
and Mull. Fop. 85,585; families 17,368: of
which there are occupied in agriculture 8,421,
in trade and manufactures 3,4 1 9.
Argyle, p-t. Washington co. N.Y. on the Hudson,
45 m. above Albany. Pop. 3,813.
Argyle, t. Shelbui-ne co. Nova Scotia, 22 m. W.
Shelburne.
Argyro Castro, t Albania, on the Drino, near
Vallona. It contains, with its dependencies,
12,000 men fit for bearing arms, and is the seat of
a pacha of two tails, who is dependent on the pa-
cha of Joannina. Its ancient names were Pka-
nole and HadrianopoHs.
Arheiligen, v. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse. Pop. 1,360.
Arheiik, Arhung, or Arhungserai, t. Asia, in
Bulkh on the Harrat, 42 m. N. E. Bulkh, Lon.
66°40'E. Lat. 37° N.
Art, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 5 m. S. E. Ci-
vitadi Chieti.
Ariancopang, t. Hind. 3 m. S. Poadicherry.
ARK
Ariano, t. Naples, in the principato Ultra, i:
h the see of a bishop. 15 to. E. Benevento. Pop.
10,700.
Ariano, v. on an arm of the Po, in the duchy
of Ferrara, 24 m. N. E. Ferrara.
Arica, province, Peru, bounded N. by Moque-
hua, N. W. by Arequipa, W. by the Pacificocean.
S. by Atacamas.
Arica, capital of the above province, is in a
beautiful valley, on the coast of the Pacific, with
a convenient port. 210 m. N. W. La Plata, 270
N. VV. Alacames. Lon. 70° 18' W. Lat. IS''
20' S.
Aridana, t. Arabia, 10 m. S. W. Mecca.
Arien, isl. in the Adriatic, 9 m. N. Venice.
Arienso, t. Naples, in Lavora, 14 m; N. E. Na-
ples.
Arjeploy, t. Swedish Lapland, 105 m. W. N. W.
Pitea.
Arignam, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tus-
cany, between Florence and Arezzo.
Arig7vay, t. France, in Haute Garonne, 9 m. N.
N. E. St. Gaudens.
Arimathea, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe of Ben-
jamin ; one in the tribe of Asher ; one in Naphta-
li ; and one in Ephraim.
Arimoa, isl. off the E. coast of Timor.
Arinos, r. Brazil, runs into the Topayos.
Ariola, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 14 m. W.
S. W. Benevento.
Arjona, t, Spain, in Andalusia, on the Rio Frio,
6 m. S. Andujar.
Ariowara, t. Sweden, in Tornea-Lappmark.
Aripo, V. on W. coast of Ceylon, 80 m. N. N
W. Candi.
Aris, t. Prussia, 86 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Arimla, t. Hind, in Mysore, 40 m. E. Chinna
Balabarum.
Arise, t. France, 6 leagues S. Chalons.
Arish, El, t. Egypt, on the Mediterranean, 15&
m. N. W. Cairo.
Arisminera, t. Syria, 12 m. N. Hamah.
Arispe, t. Mexico, cap. of the intendancy of So-
nora, near the source of the Yaqui. Lat. 30° 36
N. Lon. 109° W. Pop. 7,600.
Arilsan, t. Bulgaria, in Eu. Turkey, 10 m. S.
Viddin.
Ariza, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. W. Cala-
tayud.
Arka, i. Siberia, 66 m. fr. Okhotsk,
Arka, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Aladulia, 21 m. W.
Malatia, 70 N. E. Marasch.
Arkadinskaia, t. Russia, on the Medveditza,.
240 m. N. E. Azoph, 124 S. W. Saratof. Lon. 43
4' E, Lat. 50° 10' N.
Arkansaw Territory, U. S. is bounded N, by Mis-
souri territory, and State ; E. by the Mississippi ;
S. by Louisiana and the Spanish dominions; W.
by the Spanish dominions. Pop. in 1810, 1,062,
exclusive of Indians ; in 1817, about 5,000. The
principal rivers are Arkansaw, White, St. Fran-
cis, and Wachita. The lands on White river are
the best in the territory, and among the best iu
America. On the other rivers the land is veiy
fertile, except on the Wachita where it is poor
and stony. The country on the Arkansaw fur-
nishes fine hunting grounds. It abounds with buf
faloe?, deer, elk, bears, wolves, panthers, &c. h.
the years 1818 and 1819, about 5,000 of the Che-
rokee Indians removed from their residence E. of
the Mississippi, to a fine tract of country on the
N. bank of the Arkansaw river, between lon. 94*
and 95° W. At their desire, the^American Boar<">
A R L
41 Commissioners for Forei^ Missions have lately
sent a Mission family to them to teach them the
arts of civilized life, and instruct them in Chris-
tianity.
Arkmisav}^ p-t. the chief settlement in Arkansaw
territory, is on Arkansaw river, 65 miles from its
mouth. It was ehtablished by the French more
than a century ago. Most of the inhabitants are
either French, or of mixed blood : descendants of
French and Indians.
Arkansau-y r. N. America, rises in the Rocky
mountains above lat.41° N. and running S. E. more
than 2,000 miles, falls into the Mississippi 400
miles above the mouth of Red river. It is navi-
gable almost to its source. Next to Missouri it is
the longest tributary of the Mississippi.
Arkaveh, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the
Black sea, 35 m. E. N. E. Rineh.
Arkavia, or Arxania, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wala-
i:hia, on the borders of Transylvania, 18 m. S. S.
£. Hermannstadt.
Arkeeko, Jlrkiko, or Erkiko, s-p. Abyssinia, at the
bottom of the bay of Massuah, The inhabitants
ire among the worst and most degraded of men.
Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 15° 32' N.
Arkel, v. Holland, 3 m. N. Gorcum.
Arkingarthdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. fr.
Richmond.
Arkitkan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 18 m. E.
Akshehr.
Arkhw, s-p. Ireland, 12 m. S. Wicklow, 36 S.
E. Dublin.
Arkport, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y. on Canisteo
. iver, 25 m. VV. Bath.
Arl, Great and JAttle., two rivei-s of Germany,
in Saltzburg, empty into the Saltza, near St. John.
Arlant, or Arlance, t. France, in Puy de Dome,
15 leagues S. E. Clermont-Fei-rand.
Arlanzon, r. Spain, in Old Castile, which joins
the Artanza near Burgos, and falls into die Pitu-
erga.
Arle, t. in- Saltzburg, 10 m. S. W. Radstadt, 38
S. S. E. Saltzburg.
Arlen, t. in the Tyrol, 8 m. N. W. Landeck.
Aries, a large, ancient, and well built t. France,
on the left bank of the Rhone, in the dep. of
Mouths of the Rhone, which here divides into
two branches. Here have been held, at different
periods, 13 ecclesiastical councils, of which the
most important was that in A. D. 314. Its trade
is in corn, wine, oil, fruit, sheep, and sausages;
and it has manufactures of serge, gold and silver
articles, and saltpetre. It is 16 leagues W. N. W.
Aix, 174 S. S. E. Paris. Lon, 4° 43' E. Lat, 43°
40' N. Pop. 21,000.
Aries, Kingdom of. See Arelat.
Aries, t. in eastern Pyrenees, France. It has a
strong castle, hot mineral springs, and near it is a
lead mine and iron foundery. Pop. 1,230. Lon.
2°43'E, Lat. 42° 27' N.
^rlesega, t. Italy, in Padua, B m. N, W. Padua,
Arlesheim, v. Switzerland, 3 m, S. Bale.
Ariel, cape, Martinique island, on the N. N. W.
rleux, t. France, on the Senset, dep. of the
rth, 2 leagues S. Douay. Pop. 1,460.
Arlington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. N.
Bennington. Pop. 1,468.
Arlon, t. Netherlands, in the grand duchy of
Luxemburg. It has iron-works. 13 m. N. W.
Luxemburg, Pop. 3,130.
Arbio, t. Russia, in Finland, 55 m. E. S, E. Ta-
vasthuus. Lon, 26° 3' E. Lat, le*' 44' N.
ARM
59
2° 4;
■
Arly, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere near Con-
flans.
Arm Island, at the E, entrance of the ttraits
of Sunda. Lon. 5° 45' E. Lat. 106° 30' N,
Arma Santiago de, city, S.America, in New Gi'a-
nada, on a branch of the Cauca, 150 m, N, E, Po-
payan, 84 S, Santa Fe de Antioquia. Lon. 75^
36' W. Lat. 5° 33' N.
Armagh, co. Ireland, in the province of Ulster,
bounded N, by Lough Neagh, W. by Tyrone and
Monaghan, S. by Louth, and E. by Down. The
linen manufacture flourishes in this countv. Pop.
in 1812, 141,381.
Armagh, city, Ireland, capital of Armagh co.
It is the seat of the archbishop of Armagh, who is
the primate of all Ireland. In the middle centu-
ries, it was celebrated as a place of learning, hav-
ing at one period, 7000 students at its college.
But afterwards the city decayed, until Baron
Rokeby was promoted to the primacy ; by whose
princely munificence, the cathedral was repaired,
and the town altogether renovated. He built and
endowed an observatory, with an excellent astro-
nomical apparatus, a library, and a palace ; and
established a school where children are educated
gratuitously, according to the modern improved
system. Pop. 7,010, of which 2,001 are of the
Established church, and 3,413 Roman Catholics.
62 m. N. Dubhn, 48 S. S, E. Londonderry. Lon.
6° 37' 30" W. Lat. 5-^.° 21' 15" N.
Armagh, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. 50 m. E. Pittsburg.
Armagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,306.
Armagia,t. Arabia, 68m. S, Cathem.
Armagnac, formerly a county, France, in Ga«-
cony, now included in the departments of the
Gers and Upper Pyrenees.
Armamer, t. Poi'tugal, in Beira, 10 m, S. Pesqui-
era.
Armana,i. Syria, in a valley, 10 m. N.W.Aleppo.
Armanee, r, France, runs into the Armancon,
near St. Florentin.
Armancon, or Armanson, r. Frarice, falls in.'^o
the Yonne, above Joigny.
Armasao, t. Brazil, in S. America, a stpjaon for
the whale fishery. Lon. 47° 20' W. La'c 27° 5' S.
Armavir, t, Armenia, on the Arasj '30 m, W. S.
W. Erivan.
Armegone, or Armegum, t. Hind, on the coast of
the Carnatic, with an English factory, 66 m. N.
Madras.
Armenass, v. Syria, where the glass used in
Aleppo is manufactured, 35 m. W, Aleppo.
Armeni, t. Mingrelia, 30 m. S. E. Isgaur.
Armenia, country, Asia, bounded N. by Geor-
gia and Mingrelia, E. by Azerbijan in Persia, S.
by Diarbekir, and W. by the Euphrates. It is
mountainous, and, owing to its height above the
level of the sea, is of a colder temperature than
might have been expected from its geographical
positioia. Wheat and barley, cotton, hemp, to-
bacco, and raw silk, are cultivated. The Arme-
nians form the chief class of traders in the Persian
empire ; inhabit a large portion of Asiatic Tur-
key, and are found in other parts of the world.
They engage in the most extensive commercial
undertakings, and bear a high character for in-
tegrity in their dealings. They are a distinct
race of people, seldom intermarrying with othei:
tribes, and professing a peculiar religion, the basis
of which is Christianity. The western parts are
subject to the Turks, the eastern to the Persians,
and the southern !>re rnlod by nnmero'T^ ia'V ■
pendent chiefs.
60
A R N
Armetit, or Erment, v. on the Nile, in Upper
Egypt, called also Beled Mousa, 16 m. N. Esne.
Jlrmentequi, place in Spain, 1 m. fr. Vittoria.
Armentieres, t. France,onthe Lys,indep.of North.
It has manufactures of linen and other stuffs. 3
lea-ues N. W. Lille, 14 N. N. E. Douay. Pop. 7,600.
Armento, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 20 m. S. S. E.
Potenza.
Armi, CapodeU\ cape, Naples, on the S. coast
of Calabria.
ArmiLlas, t. Spain, in Arragon, 44 m. S. Sara-
gossa.
Amiir, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Smaith.
Armira, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the W. side of the
gulf of Volo, 10 m. S. Volo. Lon. 23° 9' E. Lat.
sg'^ao'N.
Armira, r. Darien, enters the sea near Cape Ti-
buron. Also a town on its banks.
Annise, or Armix, v. France, in Ain. Pop.
1,200. 3 leagues N. W. Belley.
ArmUy, t. Eng. Yorkshire, on the Liverpool ca-
nal and the Aire, with extensive manufactures. 2
m. fr. Leeds, Pop. 2,941.
Armona, t. island of Negroponte, 22 m. S. E.
Negroponte.
Armsdale Head, cape, on the N. coast of Scot-
land. Lon. 'SP 56' W. Lat. 58° 36' N.
Armsen, parish with six villages, Hanover, 7 m.
E, S. E. Verden.
Armsheim, v. in the upper bailiwick of Abzey,
grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Wiss-
bach, 4 m. N. Abzey.
Armstrong, co. Pa. on the Alleghany. Chief
t. Kitaning, Pop. 6,143.
Armstrong, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 523.
Ama, t. and harbor, on the E. coast of the island
of Andros, in the Archipelago.
Ama, t. Persia, in Kharasm, 200 m. N.Urkonje.
Ama, t. Africa, cap. of a district in the desert
between Fezzan and Bornou, inhabited by a peo-
ple called Tibbo, 250 m. E. S. E. Mourzouk.
Amac, two villages, France, one in Rouergue,
the t'other in Auvergue. Another in the dep. of
Upper Vienne. Pop. 2,000. Likewise one in
the dep. o' Correze. Pop. 1,020.
Amos, t. 9weden, in Angermannland, 52 m. E.
N, E. Hernosat>d.
Arnas, t. Pru^rtia, in Oberland. 4 m. S. S. W.
Osterrode.
Arnat-la-Porfe, t. France, Upper Vienne.
Arnau, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, in the circle
of Bitschow, 9 m. N. Koriingsgratz.
Arnaud-Beligrad, i. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 40
m. N. E. Vallona.
Amay4e-Duc, ot Arney-sur-Arro^ix, t. France,
in Beaune. Pop. 2,750. lOj leagues S. W. Di-
jon.
Amdorf, t. Bavaria, in Subzbach, district of
Parkstein, 4 m. E. Kemnat. Another, near the
Nab, 18 m. E. S. E. Bayreuth.
Ajrneburg, t. in the Old Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Elbe, 50 m. W. Berlin.
Arnedo, t. Spain, in Burgos, 3 m. S. Calahorra.
Arnee, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m. S. Arcot,
75 B. W. Madras.
Arnee, t. Hind. 20 m. N. Madras.
Arnemuyden, s-p. in the i'^land of Walcheren,
Dutch province of Zealand. It had an excellent
harbor, which is now choaked up with mud, and
was formerly a place of consequence : probably
the Hanse town, Amemunda. 3 m.' E. Middle-
i»urg, 6 N. N. E. Flushing.
A R O
Ames, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, on the
gulf of Bothnia.
Ameseio, t. Naples, in Bari, 7 m. W. S. W.
Andria.
Amfeh, v. Styria, in the circle of Marbui^, 10
m. S. E. Landsberg.
Arngats, mountain, Asia, in Armenia.
Arngitzes, t. Wallachia, 44 m. S. S. E. Her-
manns tadt.
Arnhausen, t, subject to Bavaria, inWurtzburg,
2 m. b. Kissingen.
Arnhausen, t. Germany, in Pomerania, 24 m.
N. W. New Stettin.
Arnheim, or Amhem, city, Holland, capital of
Guelderland. Pop. in 1796, 10,080. 30 m. E.
Utrecht, 45 S. E. Amsterdam.
Ama, r. Italy, in Tuscany, rises in the Appet-
nines, and runs into that part of the Mediterra-
nean, called the Tuscan sea. It passes through
the city of Florence, and enters the sea 12 m. N.
Leghorn, and 4 below Pisa, to which place it »
navigable for small vessels.
Amo, Civita d\ t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 3 m. E. N. E, Perugiano.
Arnold, t. Eng. 4 m. fr. Nottingham. Pop. 3,042
Arnosota, t. Naples, 12 m. S. E. Salerno.
Arnold' sold place, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. 56 m.
W. Washington,
Anion, in Sac. Geog. r. rises in the mountains
of Gilead, runs along the N. border of Moab, and
falls into the Dead sea.
Arnoya, r. Spain, which runs into the Mohii?,
near Rivadavia, in Gallicia.
Arnoya, r. Portugal, runs into the Atlantic.
Lon. 9° 7' W. Lat. 39° 25' N.
Amsdorf, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 11 m. S. Holr
land.
Ai-nsdorf, t. Prussia, in Ermeland, 15 m. W,
Heilsperg.
Arnsfeld, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, 5 m. S. Wol-
kenstein.
Amsheim, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse-Darmstadt, 3 m. N. W. Worms.
Amstadt, t. Saxony, on the Gera, Schwartz-
burg magistracy. It has a considerable trade in
corn and wool. Pop. 4,600. 10 m, S. W. Erfurt.
Arnstein, t. bailiwick, and castle, Bavaria, on
the Wehrn. Pop. 1,200. 20 m. N. N. E. Wurtz-
burg.
Arnstein, or Klosteramstein, t. Germany, on
the Lahn. Its abbey belongs to the prince of Nas-
sau- Weilburg. Pop, 2,000.
Arnstein, t. Prussia, in Natangen, 20 m. SL
Brandenburg.
Arnstorf, t. in the duchy of Carinthia, 6 m. W.
Mauttern.
Aro, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 6
m. S. Palamos.
Aroan, a place in the desert of Sahara, 150 m.
N. W. Tombuctoo, on the caravan route to Fez.
Its salt mines supply the countries on the Niger.
Aroche, t. Spain, on the Estremadura, 46 m. N.
W. Seville.
Aroer, in Sac. Geog. t. of the Gadites, on the
river Arnon ; also, one in Judah.
Arolsen, t. Germany, in the county of Wal-
deck. Most of the colleges of the principality
have their seat here. 38 m. W. S. W. Gottingen.
Aromas, v. France, in Jura, 6 leagues S. W.
Orgelet.
Aron, t. Persia, in Irak, 6 m. fr. Cashan.
Arona, t. Italy, on the W. bank of lake Mag-
A R R
A R R
61
lip
gUK'e, opposite Anghiera. Pop. 4,000. 17 m. N,
N. W. Novar.
^rona, of Arone, r. Italy, in the States of the
Church. It issues from lake Bracciano, and falls
mto the Mediterranean.
Aronde, r. France, in Picardy, runs into the
Oise.
Arm, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of Papua. Lon.
135° E. Lat. 6° S.
Aroostic, r. rises in Maine, and running E. joins
the St. Johns in New-Brunswick.
Aropilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. S. Banga-
lore.
AroSy V. and harbor, Scotland, in the island of
Mull.
Arouca, t Portugal, in Beira, 27 jn. S. W. La-
mego.
Arouthortchin, a country of Tartary, near the
great wall of China.
Arpj r. Circassia, falls into the Kuban. Lat.
44° 46' N.
Arpad, in Sac. Geog. t. and country of Syria,
near Hamath.
Arpaia, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 6 m. S.
S. W. Benevento.
Arpajon, t. France, on the Orge, dep. of the
Seine and Oise, Pop. 2,100. Here are manu-
factures of cotton, and fire-arms. 7 leagues S.
Versailles.
Arpajon,or Severac, t. France, inCantal, a few
miles S. E. Aurillac.
Arpenburg, t. Germany, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, 9 m. S. Saltzwedel.
Arpi, or V Arpi, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 14 m.
S. W. Manfredonia.
Arpino, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, the birth
place of Marius and Cicero. It has cloth manu-
iactories. 55 m. N. N. W. Naples.
Arquala, t. Italy, in the papal territory of Um-
bria, 10 m. S. W. Ascoli.
Arquatta, t. of the Sardinian monarchy, 25 m.
. Genoa.
Arquennes, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, near
Nivelles, and well known for its lime-pits and blue
marble.
Arquenon, r. France, in Cotes du Nord. It
runs by Jugon into the English channel.
Arques, r. France, in Lower Seine, runs by Ar-
ques, into the English channel, near Dieppe.
Arques, t. France, on the Arques, 2 leagues S.
E. Dieppe, UN. Rouen. Pop. 1,700.
Arques, v. France, in Artois, 13^ leagues N. E.
Arras.
Arques, v. France, in Aude, 6i leagues S. Car-
cassonne.
Arra, t. A.Turkey, in Diarbekir, 30 m.W. Orfa.
Arracan, formerly an independent kingdom, but
since the year 1783 a province of the Birman em-
pire. It lies S. E. Bengal. On the E. it is divided
from Pegue and Ava by a range of mountains,
through which there are very few passes. Con-
siderable commerce is carried on with Bengal.
The exports are chiefly honey, wax, ivory, drugs,
sapphires, rubies, and gold ; in exchange, they
take back tissues, silks, muslins, European com-
modities of all kinds, pearls, and diamonds.
Arracan, city and cap. of the above province,
is on the Arracan, in lon. 93° 25' E. and lat.
20° 40' N. It is the residence of a viceroy. The
harbour, it is said, has six fathoms water at the
bar, and is capable of containing a large fleet.
Arrack, See Aregk.
Arracourt, V. France in Meurtlie, 6 leagues
E. Nancy.
Arradon, t. France, in Morbihan, 3 m. S. W.
Vannes.
Arragia, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 10 m. S. W.
Khaibar.
Arragon, province, Spain, bounded N. by the
Pyrenees, W. by Navarre and Castile, S. by Va-
lencia, and E. by Catalonia. The soil, though in
some places sandy, stony, and mountainous, is on
the whole productive. Here are raised maize,
hemp, madder, and safi'ron ; and excellent wine is
exported in considerable quantities. Large quan-
tities of silk also are made and exported ; but the
breeding of sheep forms the grand Ijranch of indus-
try. The wool is in high esteem with foreigners,
and in 1782 nearly 60,000 cwt. was exported.
Pop. 630,000.
Arragon, r. Spain, rises in the Pyrenees, and
falls into the Ebro, between Tudela and Cala-
horra.
Arragon, t. Arabia, 100 m. E. S. E. Sana.
Arrah, t. Persia, in Mekran, on the coast of the
Arabian sea, 140 m. W. Tatta. Lon. 65° E. Lat.
25° 25' N.
Arrah, t. Hind, in Behar. Lon. 84° 48' E. Lat.
25° 32' N.
Arran, isl. on the W. coast of Scotland, near
the mouth of the Clyde, 20 miles long, and contain-
ing 165 square miles. Pop, 6,754.
Arrancy, v. France, in Me use, 14 leagues N. PT.
E, Bar-le-duc.
Arranmore, isl. on the N. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 25' W. Lat. 55° N.
Arrapalmy, Indians, inhabit the country between
the head waters of the Kansas, a S. branch of the
Missouri, and the Rio del Norte.
Arras, t. France, capital of Pas de Calais, on
the Scarpe, 5 leagues S. W. Douay, and 13 N. E.
Amiens. It is regularly fortified with walls and
towers. The citadel, which was constructed by
Vauban, is reckoned one of the strongest in France.
Lon. 2° 51' E. Lat. 50° 17' N. Pop. 18,872.
Arrats, r. France, falls into the Garonne, below
Aubilar.
Arrayal de Rio das Almas, t. Brazil, in Goyas,
on the Toccantins, 42 m, N. N. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Assumpcaon, t. Brazil, in Goyas, on
Toccantins, 340 m. N. N. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Cardoso, t. Brazil, 300 m. S. W. St
Salvador.
Arrayal de Meyaponte, t Brazil, in Matto Gros-
so, 125 "m. S. S. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Maygunte, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 75 m.
S. S. E. Villa Boa.'
Arrayal de Porate, t. Brazil, in Para, on the
Toccantins, 210m. S. Para.
Arrayal de St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 95 m.
S. S. W. Villa Boa.
Arrayal Velho, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 50
m.S.W. Villa Rira.
Arrayotos, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 10 m. N. .
Evora." Pop. 2,700.
Arreau, or Arreux, t. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 10 leagues S. Tarbes,
Arresian, or Restanes,i. Syria, 20 m. S, Ramalu
Arreway, t. on the W. coast of Celebes, Lon.
119°-15'E.Lat.0°58'S.
Arrietre, or Ariege, r. France, rises in the Py-
renees, passes by Aix, Tarascon, Foix, and Pa-
miers ; becomes navigable at Saverdun, and joins
the Garonne between Muret and Toulouse.
62
A R S
A R V
Arriege, or Ariege, department of France,
bounded E. by Aude, S. E. by Eastern Pyrenees
S. by the Pyrenean mountains, and W. and N. by
Upper Garonne. Pop. 222,936. Foix ia the cap-
ital.
Arrigno, t. Corsica, 8 m. E. Calvi.
Arrion, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 90 m. S. E. Ta-
bris.
Arrisana, isl. off the coast of Portugal. Lon. 8*^
55'W.Lat.37° 14' N.
Arrivacourchy, or Aravacourchy, t. Hind, in
Coimbetore, belonging to the British. 20 m. E.
Daraixjrum, 53 S. W. Trichinopoly. Lon. 78°
E. Lat. 10° 15' N.
Arro, inlet, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N. W.
coast of America, E. of Quadra and Vancouver's
island. Lon. 237° 9' E. Lat. 4° 35' N.
Arroe, isl. in the Baltic, S. W. of Funen. Pop.
in 1803, 7,573. Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat. 54° 53' N.
Arroe, Danish isl. in the Little Belt, between
Funen and the coast of Sleswick.
Arroe, islands in the Red sea, off Mocha.
Arroja de St. Servan, t. Spain, in Estremadura,
3 m. S. jMerida.
Arronches, t. Portugal, in Alentejo. Pop. 1,700.
95 m. E. Lisbon.
Arrones, t Spain, in Navarre, 7 m, S. E. Estella.
Arros, r. France, falls into the Adour, near
Aire.
Arroux, r. France, passes through Autun, and
runs into the Loire, between Bourbon-Lancy and
Port St. Digoin.
Arrow, r. Eng. falls into the Lug near Leomin-
ster.
Arrou; r. Ireland, flows fr-oni Lough- Arrow to
the sea, 5 m. S. W. Sligo.
ArroiD-rock, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Arroya (VElmedina, t. Buenos Ayres, 165 m.
N. N. W, Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de Paben, t. Buenos Ayres, 180 m. N.
N. W. Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de Ramallo, t. Buenos Ayres, 150 m. N.
N.Vv'. Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de la China, t. Buenos Ayres, on the
W. side of the Uraguay, in lon. 58° 14' W. lat.
32° 29' S.
Arroyos, t. Paraguay, 51 m. E. Assumption.
Lon. 56° 47' W. Lat. 25° 29' 36" S.
Ars, t. France, isl. of Rhe, in Lower Charente.
Pop. 3,000. 6i leagues W. La Rochelle.
Ars, t. France, in Creuse, 5 m. N. W. Aubus-
son.
Arsac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,015. 12 leagues E. S. E. Dax.
Arsace, t. Syria, 16 m. N. N. W. Aleppo.
Arsacides. See Solomon'' s Islands.
Arsago, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 12 m. N.
Milan.
Arsamas, t. Jlussia, 48 m. S. Nishnei-Novgorod.
Pop. 5,000.
Arsano, v. Italy, near Naples. Pop. 5,100.
Arseewah, t. Hind, in Orissa, 30 m. S. W. Sur-
gopja.
Arsemini, t. Sardinia, 7 m. S. W. Cagliari.
Arsen, r. Turkish Armenia, runs into the Eu-
phrates near Ib'ja.
Arsid. See Arsur.
Arsiera, t. Italy, in the Vicentin, 20 m. N. Vi-
Arsk, t. Russia, on the Kasanka, 40 m. N. N. E.
Kasan. Lon. 19° 34' E. Lat. 56° 20' N.
Arskey, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Dun. Pop.
1.000. 3 m. from Doncaster.
Arsonval, v. France, in Aube, H leagues N. W*
Bar-sur-Aube.
Arsu, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur, 40 m,
S. S. W. Schamaghie.
Arsunda, t. Sweden, in Gestrikland, 15 m. S.W;
Gefle.
Asur, Asor, Arsaf, or Arsid, a hamlet on the
coast of Syria. Solomon is supposed to have built
the city Asor upon its site. 10 m. N. Jaffa.
Art, or Unterart, i. Switzerland, on the lake of
Zug. Pop. 2,300. 17 m. N. Schweitz.
Arta, or Larta, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on
Arta river, 9 m. above its entrance into the gulf of
Arta. Lon. 21° 8' E. Lat. 39° 30' N. Pop. 6,000.
Artald, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the S. coast
of the sea of Marmora, 45 m. E. Gallipoli, 90 S.
W. Constantinople.
Artakui, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 48 m. N.
W. Gallipoli.
Artala, t. Georgia, 40 m. S. Teflis.
Artamova, t. Russia, 120 m. S. S. E. Tobolsk.
Artan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 24 m. S.
Akserai.
Artana, or Antana, t. Spain, in Navarre, 15 ra»
from Pampeluna.
Artani, t. Turkish Armenia, 27 m. S. Akulzikr
Artannes, t. France, on the Indre, 4 leagues S.
W. Tours.
Artaviva, t. Mingrelia, 110 m. N. E. Trebisond.
Artaxate, t. Persian Armenia, on the Araxes,
15 m. S. Erivan, now in ruins.
Artenac, t. France, in Lower Charente. Pop.
1,500. 7 leagues S. E. Saintes.
Artenay, t. France, 5 leagues from Orleans, on
the road to Paris ; noted for its maufacture of
knives. Pop. 1,500.
Artern, t. bailiwick, and castle, on the Unatrui ,
in the Saxon part of the county of Mansfeld. Pop.
2,240. 10 m. W. Eisleben.
Arth, or Artha, r. Wales, falls into the sea S. of
Aberystwith.
Arthez, i. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
2,080. 3 leagues E. Orthez, and 6i N. W. Pau.
Arthur Kull. See J^ewark Bay.
Artik-abad, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 12 m. S. S.
E. Tocat.
Artingurry, t. Hind, in Marawas, 6 m. E. Ra-
manadporum.
Artisch. See Argisch.
Arlogna, t. Venetian territory, in Bresciano, 12
m. S. S. W. Breno.
Artois, county and government of France, for-
merly included in the Netherlands, having been
reckoned one of the 17 provinces. It is now in-
cluded in the departments of the Pas de Calais,
the Somme and the North.
Artolsheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 5 m. S.
E. Schlettstat.
Arton, t. France, in Lower Loire, 7 leagues
W. S. W. Nantes.
Artorne, t. France, in Puy de Dome, on the
Merges. Pop, 1,100. 5i leagues N. Clermont-
Ferrand.
Artos, t. Little Bukharia, 25 m. W. Cashgar.
Artoude, t. Syria, 15 m. N. Damascus.
Artvani, t. Turkish Armenia, 60 m. N. Kars.
Artsbach, r. Styria, runs into the Ens, 4 m. S.
Reiffling.
Arva, county in Hungary. It derives its name
from the ruined castle of Arva, which is 14 m. N.
of Rosenberg.
Arva, r. Hungary, falls into the Waag. \\ ip.
N. Arva.
A S B
Aruba, t. Persia, 90 m. E. Mekran.
Arucara, t. Brazil, at the mouth of the Guana -
pu, 140 m. W. S. W. Para.
Arucotara, t. Hind, in Mysore, 10 m. N. Arde-
nelle.
Amdy, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,620. 5 leagues S. Pau.
Arve, r. Savoy, falls into the Rhone near Ge-
neva.
Arviciio, t. Naples, on the sea-coast of Calabria
Ultra, 4 m. S. Stillo.
Arvidsjaur, t. Swedish Lapland, 75 m. W. Pitea.
Lat. 65° 28' N.
Arun, r. Eng. flows into the sea at Little Hamp-
ton, in Sussex.
Arundel, t. Eng. in Sussex, on the Arun, which
is here navigable for vessels of 200 tons ; and the
navigation is carried ou to the Thames by means
of a canal. Pop. 2,700. 10| m. from Chichester,
57 S. London.
Arundell, p-t. York co. Maine, on the sea-coast,
21 m. N. E. York. Pop. 2,372.
Arvad, in Sac. Geog. Phoenician t. on a small
*sland, now called Ruad, S. of Tyre,
Arys, t. Italy, in the Venetian territory, district
of Friuli. 10 m. W. S. W. Palmala Nuova.
Arsac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6^ leagues
E. Orthez.
Arzamcs, t. Russia, 64 m. from Nishnei-Novgo-
rod. Lon. 13° 34' E. Lat. 55° 20' N.
Arzanemt, or Arsanno, t. France, in Finisterre,
Pop. 4,150. 12 leagues E. Quimper.
Arzberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Maine,
7 m. E. Wunsiedel. Pop. 1,132.
Arsengan, Arzendgean, or Arzingan, t. Turkey,
on the Euphrates, 45 m, W. Ei-zerum.
Arzero, t. Upper Italy, in the Paduan, 9 m. S. E.
Padua.
Arzerum. See Erzerum.
Arzcw, s-p. Algiers, 16 m. E. Oran.
Arzignana, t. Upper Italy, on the Gua, 15 m. W.
S. W. Vicenza.
Arzilla, s-p. Morocco, the first that occurs on the
Mediterranean, after passing Cape Spartel.
Arzilla, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic a little
N.ofFano.
Arzon, t. France, in Upper Loire. Pop. 1,500.
Arzua, t. Spain, in Galicia, 12 m. E. St. Jago de
Compostella.
As, t. Sweden, in .lamtland, near lake Storsio, 5
m. N. Ostersund.
Asa, r. Archduchy of Austria, runs into the
Danube, 2 m. N. Efferding.
Asabra, r. Spain, runs into the Arragon near
Morillo.
yhad, t. Persia, in Fars, 57 m. S. W. Yezd.
Asad-abad. t. Persia, on the frontiers of Kurdis-
tan, 70 m. N. W. Hamadan.
Asangaro, province of S. America, on the N.
"^ide of lake Chucuito.
Asaralie, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami, 50 m.
s . W. Hami.
Asarna, t. Sweden, on the Liunga, in Jemtland,
24 m. W. Sundswall.
Asaro, t. Sicily, in the valley Noto, 8 m. S. Ni-
cosia.
Asas, t. Sweden, in Schonen. Lon. 12° 40' E.
Lat 56° 11' N.
Asbeck, t. Germany, in Munster, 4 m. S. E. Aa-
haus.
Ashen, a large kingdom in the interior of Africa,
between Fczzaii and Cashna.
A S C ^3
Asbroit, t. Sweden, in S. Gothland, 6 m. N.
Wai-dberg.
Asburg, t. in the Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 6 m E. Meurs, 18 W. Duisburg.
Asbury, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 35 m. N. Trenton.
Ascaia, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 3 m. fr.
St. Jean de Luz, 12 fr. Bayonne. Pop. 1,200.
Ascalont. Palestine, on the sea-coast, 14 m. N.
Gaza, and 30 S. W. Jerusalem. Lon. 34° 47' E.
Lat. 31° 38' N.
Ascara, t. Japan, 95 m. N. Jeddo.
Ascension, isl. in the Atlantic, between Africa
and Brazil. It is entirely barren and uninhabited ;
but is frequented by the homeward bound ship-
ping, on account of its excellent harbour, and the
fish, sea-fowl, and turtle, which it affords. The
crevice of a rock in this island forms what is called
the Sailors' Post-Olfice. Here crews leave a
well corked bottle, with letters inclosed, which
are taken up and carried to their destination by
the next ship that passes in a contrary direction.
Lon. 14° 28' W. Lat 8° 8' S.
Ascension, parish, Louisiana, on the Mississippi.
Pop. 2,219.
Ascension^ cap. of the island of Margarita, for-
merly celebrated for its pearl fisheries.
Ascension Bay, on the E. side of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras. Lon. 88° 56' W. Lat. 19° 30' N.
Asceria, v. Abyssinia, 25 m. S. Dixan.
Asch, or Ascha, t. Germany, in the Bohemian
circle of Egra, 8 m. N. N. W. of the Egra.
Ascha, or Ascliau, in Upper Bavaria. See Hb-
hen-Aschau.
Aschach, or Aschau, t. Austria, on the Danube,
6 m. N. Efferding.
Aschach, t. Germany, in Bavaria, on the Saale,
6 m. N. Kissingen.
Aschaffenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 18 m.
S. E. Frankfort, and 40 E. Mentz. Lon. 9° 7' E.
Lat. 40° 58' N. Pop. 6,400. The original district
of Aschaffenburg which constituted that sort of ju-
risdiction called in German a vicedom, was 22
miles long and 18 broad, and contained 82 villa-
ges and hamlets.
Asche, t. Netherlands, in Brabant, on the road
from Brussels to Ghent. Pop. 3,750.
Asche, t Saxony, in Vogtland, 15 m. S. Plawen.
Ascfien^inskoi, fort, Siberia, on the confines oi'
China, 130 m.S. S.W. Selinginsk.
Ascheres, t. France, in Loiret, 6 leagues N. N.
E. Orleans. Pop. 1,500.
Ascherode, t. Bavaria, 6 rja. N. Carlstadt.
Aschersleben, t. Prussia, in the principality oi
Halberstadt, 16 m. S. E. Halberstadt, Pop. 7,900.
Aschwomsee, lake, Prussia, 40 m. S. E. Konigs-
berg.
Ascloster, t. Sweden, in S. Gothland, 12 m. N.
Wardberg.
Ascoli, t. Italy, in the Marca d'Ancona one of
the States of the Church, at the confluence of the
Castellano with Tronto river. It is the see of a
bishop. 48 m. S. Ancona. Lat. 42° 46' N.
Ascoli di Satrian'o, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 65
m. E. N. E. Naples. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Ascona, v. Swiss canton of Ticino, on lake Mag-
giore, 2 m. S. Locarno.
Ascott, t. Buckin^rham co. Lower Canada, on
the St. Francis, 67 "m. S. E. Three-Rivers, 16 N.
E. lake Memphremagog. Pop. 1,000.
Ascough, or Aiskew, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. ;,
Ascoytia, t. Spain, in Guipii3coa, on the Urola,';
6 m. E. Placentia.
ASH
AS!
Aseq, V. in French Flanders with a parish
church and 250 houses, in dep. of the North, 1
leagues from Lille.
^scrib Islands, N. of Skye. Lon. 6° 28' W.
Lat. 57° 27' N.
j^se. See Orontes.
Asmtnex), mountain, Vt. 5 m. S. W. Windsor.
It is fi,;320 feet above the level of the sea.
Asebbo, t. Egypt, 80 m. N. E. Cairo.
Asee-abad, t. Cabul, 35 m. S. E. Cabul.
Aseicu-y t. Persia, in Cuzistan, 90 m. S. Ispahan.
Asele, t. Swedish Lapland, and capital of Asele
Lapmark, 85 m. W. Umea. Lon. 17° 4' E. Lat.
64° 12' N. — The Lapmark is bounded N. W. by
Norway ; E. by Umea Lapmark ; S. by Anger-
mannland, and S. W. by Jamtland
Ascnariga, t. Cyprus, 8 m. E. Lameca.
Aserrado, r. Cuba, runs into the Spanish Main,
en the S. coast. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat. 20° N.
Asfaca, t. Persia, in Mekran, 100 m. N. N. E.
Kieh.
Asfeld-la-Fille, t. France, in Ardennes, Rethel.
Pop. 1,080. 12 leagues S. W. Mezieres.
Asfun, or Ass-fuun, city, Egypt, the ancient
Aphunis, W. of the Nile, 7 m. N. Esne,
Ash, or Esh, t. Eng. 5 m. fr. Durham. Pop. 383.
Ash, co.N.C. Pop. 3,694. Slaves, 147.
Ashaba, t. Syria, in the desert, 150 m. S. E.
Aleppo.
Ashangee, lake, in Gasta, Abyssinia, near the
source of the Tacazze.
Ashantee, Assente, or Asiente, an extensive ter-
ritory of W. Africa, situated immediately behind
the states which occupy the Gold coast. This
kingdom, the name of which till very lately had
scarcely reached Europeans, seems to be indispu-
tably the most powerful, civilized, and commer-
cial, of any on the western coast of this continent.
Ashawillet. See Ashuelot.
Ashborough, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. N. C. 85
m. W. Raleigh.
Ashbourne, t. Eng. 13 m. fr. Derby. Pop. 2,112.
Ashburgan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Balk.
Lat. 36° 44' N.
Ashburnham, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 55 m. N.
W. Boston, 30 N. Worcester. Pop. 1,036.
Ashburton, t. Eng. Devonshire. Spinning and
weaving are carried on ; and there are productive
mines of tin and copper in the neighbourhood.
Pop. 3,053. 9 m. fr. Totness, 23i E. N. E. Plym-
outh.
Ashby, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 50 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop, 1,103.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, t. Eng. Leicester co. Near
it is a mineral water called Griffydam. Pop.
3,141. 12 m. fr. Derby, 15 fr. Leicester.
Ashdod, in Sac. Geog. one of the principal
towns of the Philistines, on the S. E. coast of the
M«diterranean, 34 m. N. Gaza, 13 S. Ekron, and
34 W. Jerusalem. It was called by the Greeks,
Asotus, and is now Esdud, or Atsud.
Ashdon, or Assingdon, v. Eng. Essex co. 3 m.
fr. Saffron- Walden, 45 fr. London.
Asheref, or Ashraff, t. Persia, in Mazanderan.
The bay, § a mile from it, contains the best har-
bor on the S. side of the Caspian sea. 15 m. from
Fehrabad, 16 fr. Sari. Lon. 53° 32' E. Lat. 35°
62' N.
Ash/ere. See Esfere.
Ashjicld, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 15 m. N. W.
Northampton. Pop. 1,809.
Ashford, or Eshford, t. Eng. Kent co, 12 m. fr.
Canterbury, 67 E, S. E. London. Pop. 1,532.
Ashford, t. Eng, Derbyshire, on the Wye, Mar-
ble is cut here, and polished by machinery. IJ m.
fr. Bakewell, 154 N. W. London.
Ashford, p-t. Windham, co. Conn, 31 m. N. E.
Hartford, Pop. 2,532.
Ashkdre, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 30 m. W. Herat.
Ashley, r. S. C. rises N. of Charleston, and pass-
ing along the W. side of the city, unites with
Cooper river in Charleston harbor, 7 miles from
the ocean.
Ashmunein. See Achmunein.
Ashmun-tanah, t. Egypt, the ancient Thounis,
on a canal of the Nile, 12 m. E. Mansora.
Ashont, t. Syria, 25 m. S. Tripoh.
Ashor, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 120 m, W. N.
W, Meshed,
Ashover, t, Eng, Derbyshire, 6 m. fr. Chester-
field, 157 fr. London. Pop. 2,377.
Ash-oune-mon-kar, cape, on the coast of Al-
giers, 20 m. S. S. W. Bonjeiah.
Ashtabula, co. the N. E. part of Ohio, on Lake
Erie. Chief t. Jefferson. Pop. in 1815, 3,200.
Ashtabula, p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, 6 m. N. Jefferson. Pop, 210.
Ashtabula, r. Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 45 m,
W.Erie.
Ashton in Wakefield, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m.
fr. Newton, 195 fr. London. Pop. 4,747.
Ashton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. fr. Chester,
188 fr. London.
Ashton, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 765.
Ashton, Point, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, xn New Cornwall. Lon. 231° 8' E. Lat. 53°
50' N.
Ashton-under-Line, t. Eng. on the Tame, in
Lancashire. Pop. of the parish, 19,052. 85 m.
fr. London.
Ashtrian, t. Great Bukharia, 20 m. W, Samar-
cand.
Ashuelot, r. N. H. runs into the Connecticut at
Hinsdale, the S. W. corner of the state.
Ashuk, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the Tigi isj
25 m. E. Tecrit.
Ashville, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C-
Ashworth, t. Eng, Lancashire, 9 m, fr. Manches-
ter. Pop. 261.
Asi, r. Italy, in the States of the Church, falls
into the Tiber, near Orrieto.
Asia, one of the grand divisions of the world,
bounded N. by the Frozen ocean, E. by the Pa-
cific, S. by the Indian ocean ; on the W. separated
from Africa by the Red sea, and from Europe by
the Archipelago, the sea of Marmora, the Black
sea, and an imaginary line proceeding thence to
the shores of the Frozen ocean between 60° and
70° E. lon. It contains, according to Hassel,
16,728,002 square miles.
The countries included in it are Siberia, the
Chinese empire, Independent Tartary, India, Per-
sia, Asiatic Turkey, and Arabia ; to which may-
be added the islands constituting the empire of
Japan, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Philippine
islands, Celebes, the Spice islands, and numerous
others.
The prevailing religions are Paganism and Ma-
hometanism. The principal languages are the
Arabic, Persian, and Chinese. 'The population
is variously estimated from 250,000,000 to
600,000,000, Hassel makes it 380,000,000. The
Asiatic governments are mostly despotic monar-
chies.
The principal range of mountains is the Altay,
which in lengtli is inferior only to the great Amer-
A S N
ASP
6S
ican range, and Himmaleh range, which is the
loftiest on the globe. The principal rivers are
the Oby, the liicei, and the Lena, which flow
into the Frozen ocean; the Amour, the Hoang-IIo
Kian-Ku, and Japanese, which flow into the Pa-
cific; and the Ganges, Indus, and Euphrates,
which run into the Indian ocean.
Jlsia Minor, the most western portion of the
great continent of Asia, bounded N. by the Black
sea ; E. by the Euphrates ; W. by the Medi-
terranean, the sea of Marmora, and the straits of
the Hellespont and Bosphorus. The whole coun-
try is under the Turkish government, and it is di-
vided into several provinces, of which Natolia and
Caramania are the most important,
Asiago, one of the 7 Venetian communes in Up-
per Italy, which belongs to Austria. Tiie town of
Asiago is the seat of justice for all the cojnmunes ;
has a castle, and 11,000 inhabitants. 20 m. N.
Vicenza.
Asiakurd, t. Kurdistan, 25 m. N. N. W. Van.
Asiano, t. Italy, in Vercelli, 4 ra. S. Vercelli.
Jisikala, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, 33 m. E. N.'
E. Tavasthuus.
Asillo, t. Peru, in Asingara, on Lake Titiaca.
JVear it is a lead mine.
Asin, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 20 m. S. Amasia.
Asinara, Cape, the N. W. point of Sardinia ; off"
which is Asinara island, 10 miles long, and which
belongs, under the title of a duchy, to the marquis
of Mores. Foundlings in the king of Sardinia's
dominions, are sent to this island to be employed
in agriculture and manufactures. Lon. 8° 23' E.
Lat. 41° 5' N.
Asinello, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic. Lon.
14° 32' E. Lat. 42° 10' N.
Asir, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Nehavend.
Aska, t. Hind, in Cicalo, 36 m. N. W. Ganjam.
Askmy, t. Abascia, at the mouth of a river near
the Black sea, 100 m. N. N. W. Anakopia. Lon.
37° 40' E. Lat. 44° 6' N.
Askeaton. See Askeylon.
Askelon. See Ascalon.
Asker-Mukrem, t. Persia, in Kurdistan, 20 m. S.
Tostar.
Askeme, hamlet, Eng. in Yorkshire. It has a
mineral well. 7 m. fr. Pontefract, 196 fr. London.
Askersund, t. Sweden, in Nerike, at the N. end
of lake Wetter. Here are fabricated great quan-
tities of nails. Lon. 14° 36' E. Lat! 5S° 55' N.
Askerlon, t. Eng. Cumberland co, 8 m. fr. Car-
lisle, 312 fr. London.
Askeyton, v. Ireland, on the Deal, 16 m. S. W.
Limerick.
Askoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
Norway. Lat. 60° 27' N.
Askoe, isl. Denmark, near the north coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11° 31' E. Lat. 54° 54' N.
Askola, t. Sweden, in Nyland, 10 m. N. Borgo,
Askrigg, t. Eng. in Yorkshire , 6 m. fr. York.
Askmth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. fr. Otley.
Asian, V. Silesia, in the circle of Louenberg-
Bunzlau.
Asling, t. Upper Carniola, in the circle of Lay-
bach, 16 m. S. S. W. Clagenfurt.
Aslonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres. Pop. 2,000.
9 leagues W. Poitiers.
Asmanabad, v, Persia, in Mekran, 4 m. fr. Huf-
lur.
Asmoos, t. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
on the Rhine, opposite the pass of Luciei^teig.
Ama. See Esne.
Asna. See Houssa.
Asnabad, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 4 m. N. E.
Dai-ore.
Asiiaha, t. Hind, in Orissa, 40 m. N. W. Horr
riapour.
Asnik, t. Great Bukliaria, 60 m. E. Bulkh.
Asa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 60 m. N. Jeddo.
Asola, t. Upper Italy, on the Chiese. Pop. 4,000.
20 m. S. S. E. Brescia.
Asolo, a Venetian prefecture, in the Mark ol
Treviso, Italy, belonging iiow to the House of
Austria. It consists of the town of Asolo, and 36
villages, with 25,000 inhabitants. Pop. of the
town, 3,650. 15 m. N. W. Treviso, 45 N. E, Ve-
rona. Lon. 11° 53' E. Lat. 45° 50' N.
Asona, r. Italy, in the Marca d'Ancona, runs
into the Adriatic, 10 m. S. E. Fermo.
Asonusa, t. Japan, in Niphon, 85 m. N. Jeddcu
Asoph. See Asoph.
Asoupas, t. Persia, in Fars, 62 m. N. Shiraz.
Aspang, t. Lower Austria, in the circle below
tlie forest of Vienna, on the Trasenbach, 17 m. S.
Ebenfurth.
Aspas, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 100 m. N. W.
Sundswall. Lon. 14° 12' E. Lat. 63° 20' N.
Aspas, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 45 m. N. W. Ista-
char.
Aspe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 12 m*
W. Ah cant.
Aspect, t. France, on the Garonne. Pop. 3,22Q.
19 leagues S. W. Toulouse.
Asperen, t. Holland, on the Linge, 15 m. S. Ut-
recht, 22 E. Rotterdam.
Asperg, t. Wirtemberg, district of the Enz,
near Stutgard. It is at the head of a bailiwick.
Pop. in 1806, 1,283. See Hohendsperg.
Aspern, t. castle, and lordship, of Lower Aus-
tria, in the circle below the Mannhartsberg, 10
m. S. E. Laab.
Aspern, t. Austria, on an arm of the Danube,
the N. side of the river, below Vienna ; the scene
of a battle 21st and 22d May, 1809, between Bo-
naparte and the Austrians.
Asperskirch, t. Austria, 5 m. S. E. Peyerbach.
Asperstorf, t. Austria, 2 m. N. E. Sonneberg.
Aspeytia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the Viola,
15 m. S. St. Sebastian.
Aspido, r. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, Mar-
ca d'Ancona, run^ into the gulf of Venice near
Loretto.
Aspirau, v. France, in Herault, 7^ leagues W.
Montpelier.
Aspis, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa. Lon. 15° 50' E.
Lat. 31° 15' N.
Asplcy, V. Eng. Bedford co. 2 m. N. Woburn,
43 fr! London.
Aspo&, Swedish isl. in the Baltic, 2 m. S. W.
Cai-lscrona.
Aspra, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
province of Sabina.
Aspremont, t. Piedmont. Pop. 1,300. 2 leagues
N. Nice.
Aspremont, v. France, in Maese, 4i m. S. E. St.
Michael, 8 E. N. E. Bar-sur-Ornain.
A spres-les- Keynes, t. France, Upper Alps, 2i
leagues N. Scrres, 6 W. Gap. Pop. 900.
Aspro, or Aspro-Potamo, the ancient Acmelous,
r. Greece, runs into tlie Ionian sea, 28 m. W. Le-
panto.
Aspronisi, the ancient Therasia, isl. in the
Greek archipelago, near the W. coast of Saato-
riiii. Lon, 2»° 23' £. Lat. 3S° 30' N.
06
ASS
AST
Asprospiti, harbor, Eu. Turkey, in Lirouia, oil
the N. side of the gulf of Lepanto, 10 m. S. S. W.
Livadia.
.'ispuU, t. Eng;. Lancashire, 3 ra. fr. Wigan.
Pop. 1,650.
Jsrail, isl. Lake Menzaleh, Egypt, 12 m. S. E.
Damietta.
.■Issa, t. Cephalonia, IG m. N. N. W. Cepha-
lonia.
^ssab, isl. on tlie coast of Abyssinia. Lat. 12°
69' N.
.^ssam, or Asham^ a country between Bengal
and Thibet, intersected by the Brahmapootra,
and several other rivers; bounded N. by the
lofty mountains of Bootan and Tliibet, S. by the
Garrow mountains, ^V. by Bengal and Bisnee,
and E. by the tributaries of Ava and China. As-
sam is an unhealthy country, but very fertile, and
produces gold, ivory, lac, pepper, silk, and cotton.
Its imports from Bengal are principally salt, va-
rious European commodities, and a few fine mus-
lins. The communication with Bengal is carried
on by means of the great ri\'er Brahmapootra,
from which there is an inland navigation in every
direction.
Assan, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40 m. from
Diarbekir.
Assan, t. on the N. W. coast of Sumatra, Lon.
99° 57 E. Lat. 3° 5' N.
Assarli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. E. S.
E. Filippopoli.
Assaunen, t. Prussia, 40 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Asse, 3 towns of France, dep. of the Sarthe :
Asse le Beranger, 1 league E. Evrou : Asse, or
Aise le Boisne, 9 leagues N. E. Le Mans : and As-
se le Riboul.
Asse, r. in the county of Mark, in Westphalia,
runs into the Lippe.
Asseecoomah, district of Fantce, on the Gold
coast of Africa.
Asseeyi, t. Persia, in Lar, 10 m. N. Gombroon.
Assees Ras, cape, near the coast of Abyssinia.
Lon, 38° 18' E. Lat. 18° 24' N.
Asselbif,i. Ehg. Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Ilowdcn.
AsseJheim, v. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
near Spires.
Asseln, v. Prussian county of Mark, bailiwick
of Unna, 9 m. S. E. Paderborn.
. Absent. See Lassam.
Assem. See Ardra.
Assen, I. Holland, in Overyssel, where the pro-
vincial states were wont to assemble, on the Hoo-
rendirp. The canal between it and the Zuyder-
Zee, is about 30 miles in length. 11m. S. GiX)-
ningen.
Assenede, t. Netherlands, 1 m. S, W. Sas van
Ghent. Pop. 3,120.
AssenJieim, t. German}-, in the county of Upper
Isenburgh, in the Wetterau, at the conflux of the
Nidda and Wetter. It is in the possession of Aus-
tria. 11 m. N. E, Frankfort on the Maine, Lon.
8° 48' E. Lat. 50° 19' N,
Assens, bailiwick and s-p. on the W. coast of
the Danish island of Funen, in the Little Belt, op-
posite Holst^in,
Assents. See Ashantee.
Asserigo, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 7 m. N.
E. Aquila.
Asses Ears, isl. in the Chinese sea, Lon. 114°
7' E. Lat. 21° 55' N.
Asses Ears, 2 islands near Jnf an. Lon. 23^^ 23'
R. Lat. 32° 2' N.
Jhsin^d(r->. Spr A$hdM.
Assuuboiiis, or Red River, N. America, which
discharges its ■w'aters into the S. W. side of lake
Winnipcc. It divides at the distance of about 30
miles from the lake, into two branches. The east-
ern branch is called Red river, and the western
Assiniboins, Both are navigable for canoes to
their source, without a fall.
Assint Point, or Row Stoir, cape, Scotland, on
the W. coa«t of Sutherland co. Lon. 5° 18' W.
Lat, 58° 13' N.
Assist, t. Italv, in the pope's dominions, duchy
of Spoleto, 20 m. N. N, W. Spoleto,
Assila, t. Japan, in Ximo, 22 m, W. Mudo.
Asso, V, Upper Italy, near the source of the
Lambro.
Assodnagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, on the W.
side of the Beemah, 68 m. S. E. Poonah.
V Assomption River, Ijower Canada, runs south
into the St. Lawrence, 15 miles below Montreal.
V Assomption, v. on both sides of the above riv-
er, 10 miles above its mouth.
Asson, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, with ex-
tensive iron works. Pop. 2,490. 4 leagues S. F^
Pau,
Assonet, p-v. Bristol co. Mass. 42 m, 9. Boston.
Assonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 6i league?
N. N, E. Niort. Pop. 2,000,
Assorick, t. Thibet, 60 m, S. Gangoutry,
Assos, now Beyram, s-p. A, Turkey, in Natolia,
on the gulf of Adramitti, 32 m, W, Adramitti.
Assumar, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, S. of Porta-
legre.
Assumption, or Assongong, one of the Mari-
anne, or Ladrone islands. It is conical, rising
600 feet, covered with lava from the eruptions of
a volcano in the centre, 15 m. S. Mang, or St.
Lawrence. Lon. 140° 55' E. Lat. 19° 45' N.
Assumption, p-t. Lafourche co. Louisiana, 91
ra. fr. New Orleans. Pop. 2,472.
Assumption, or Assumpcion, cap. of Paraguay,
on the E. bank of the Paraguay, 18 miles above
the junction of the Pilcomayo. It exports hides,
tobacco, and sugar. From Buenos Ayres large
boats arrive at the city of Assumption, after two
or three months passage. Lon. 59° 35' W. Ljit.
24° 47' S.
Assumption, the name of two rivers of Mexico.
Assungiora, t. Eu, Turkey, two days' journey
W. Adrianople, on the Assum,
Assi/, t. France, in the Oise, 3i leagues S.Cres-
py, 17 S.E. Beauvais.
Assi/n-Kalesi, v. Asia Minor, in Caria, on the
site of the ancient Jasus. Lon. 27° 32' E. Lat.
37° 18' N.
Assyria, in Sac. Geog. an ancient kingdom of
Asia, It had Armenia N, Media and Persia E.
Lusiana S, and the river Tigris W. Chief t,
Nineveh,
Asta, t, Dutch Guelderland, 4 m, S, E, Culen-
burg.
Asia, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 16 m. S. Currer.
Asia, t. Peru, in Lima, 65 m. S. S. E. Pisco,
Astabat, t. Persian Armenia, on the Aras, the
ancient Araxes, 20 m. S. E. Nascivan,
Astafforf, t. France, on tlie Gers, 6 leagues N. E,
Condom,
Astafort, t. France, in the Lot and Garonne.
Pop. 4,140,
Astane, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami, 20 m. N.
W, Hami.
Astara, t Persia, 70 m. N. Reshd, 100 E. Ta-
briz. Lon, 49° E. Lat. 38° 20' N.
AST
ATA
67.
Jlstarukul, t. Persia, in Sc^stan, or SeisiaCj 100
In. N. Zareng, 220 W, N. W. Candahar.
Astee^ t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 50 m. E. S. E.
Aurungabad.
Asttn, V. Dutch Brabant. Pop. 3,280.
.listerabadj province, Persia, sometimes included
in that of Mazanderan, bounded W. by the Cas-
pian sea, S. by mountains, separating it from Dam-
gan and Bistan, E. by the 58° of E. Ion. and
N. by the Ashor. It is the ancient Hyrcania.
Astcrabad, t. Persia, cap. of the above, on the
IS. R shore of the Caspian sea, at the mouth of the
Aster, 300 m. N. N. E. Ispahan. Lon. 54° E. Lat.
J6° 44' N.
Asterwein, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 6 m. E. Os-
terrod,
Astery, r. Eng. falls into the sea at Hastings.
Astesan, or Cvunty of Asti, district, Upper It-
Jy, bounded W. by Chieri and Carmagnola, N.
by Vercellois, E. by Vercellois and Alexandrine,
S. by Gorzegno. It is about 25 miles long, and 10
broad, and forms part of the dominions of the
house of Savoy.
Asti, cap. of Astesan, in Upper Italy, on the
high road from Alessandria to Turin, 20 m. W.
Alessandria, 24 E. Turin. Pop. 22,000.
Astille, t. France, in Mayenne, 3 leagues S. W.
Laval.
Astley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. fr. Newton.
Pop. 1,723.
Astley Point, the S. point at the entrance of
Holkham bay, in Stephens' passage, on the
N. W. coast of America. Lon. 226° 35' E. Lat.
57° 39' N.
Astomia, t. on the N. coast of Candia, 12 m. E.
Retimo.
Aston, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. fr. Northwitch.
Aston, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 10 m.
S. E. Three-Rivers.
Aston-Ulthorp, hamlet, Eng. in Berkshire, 4 m.
i'r. Wallingford.
Aston Whcaton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 9 m. fr.
Wolverhampton.
Astorga, t. Spain, on a river, 17 leagues from
Leon. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 6° 225' W.
Lat. 42° 33' N.
Astoria, settlement, at the mouth of Columbia
river, on the N. W. coast of America, estabhshed
by the American Fur Company. It stands on the
S. side of the river, 14 miles from the ocean. Lat.
46°15'N.
Astrabad, point, on the N. E. coast of the Crimea.
Astracan, or Astrakhan, province of Asiatic
Russia, bordering on the Volga, the Ural, and the
Caspian sea.
Astracan, cap. of the above pi-ovince, on an
island in the Volga, about 52 miles from its mouth.
It is three miles in circumference, of very irregu-
lar figure, and surrounded by a wall. There are
25 Russian churches and 2 convents ; likewise a
church for Roman Catholics ; the Armenians
also have a metropolitan church. Peter the
Great designed to make this place a great mart for
the produce of the world, and its situation is well
calculated for such a design, being connected by
the Volga and a canal with the Baltic and north
of Europe ; by the Caspian with Persia and the
::Outh of Asia, and being near the Black sea,
through which is a communication with Africa
and the south of Europe. The population con-
.^ists of a mixture of Russians, Armenians,
Greeks, Tartars, Persians, Jews, Indians, English,
and French. The Tartars and Armenians arf;
said to be the most numerous ; and the total popu-
lation is estimated at 70,000. There are said to
be 50 manufactories of silk in the city, all in the
hands of the Armenians ; extensive saltworks are
also carried on, and maimfactures of gunpowder.
Among the exports may be enumerated fish, pig
and bar iron, about 40,000 pounds of cochineal
annually, and some indigo; woollen and linen
cloths, Russia leather, brocades, taflfetas, satin,
and foreign velvets. The imports are raw and
spun cotton, and stuffs of the same material ; raw
and manufactured silk, shawls from Thibet and
Cashmere, and some furs. There is a considera-
ble ti-ade in jewels; oriental turquoises are sold
in great number by the Astracan merchants, and
the Indians deal in rubies and emeralds. The
chief traffic with Persia is carried on by Armeni-
ans. It has suffered from conflagrations, owing to
the combustible materials of Avhich it is composed ;
but of late years an increased degree of attention
has been paid both to its safety and to its embel-
lishment. It is a station of the Scotch missionary
society ; for which its position is remarkably well
fitted, being frequented by merchants from every
nation between the Indus and the Black sea : by
meians of whom, copies of the Bible, books, and
tracts are sent to Bagdat, Persia, Bucharia, and
even to China. It contains prosperous schools,
and a printing press, from which were issued, in
a single year, more than 15,000 copies of portions
of the Bible. 330 m. S. S. E. Saratov, 1,040 S. S.
E. Petersburg. Lon. 47° 44' E. Lat. 46° 21' N.
Astrop, V. Eng. Northampton co. wiiere is a me-
dicinal spring, 5 m. W. Brackley.
Asturia, or Asturias, a principality in the north
of Spain, which forms an imequal parallelogram.
Including Montanas, it is bounded N. by the bay
of Biscay, E. by the province of Biscay, S. E. by
Old Castile, S. by Leon, and W. by Galicia. It
is commonly divided into Asturia d'Oviedo, and
Asturia de Santillana, so called from their chief
towns : Asturia de Santillana is sometimes called
Las Montanas. The whole principality is colder
than the rest of Spain, owing to its lofty and steep
mountains. The hills are covered with excellent
pastures, and a great variety of fruit trees. The
most important occupation is the breeding of cat-
tle, tlie horses being particularly noted for their
strength. In the interior are found lead, copper,
iron, magnesia, arsenic, cobalt, lapis lazuli, alum,
rock-crystal, and diflerent kinds of marble. A
considerable trade is carried on in mules and salt-
ed fish: the principal seaport is Gijon. Pop.
348,000.
Asu-ad, t. Arabia, 28 m. S. Saade.
Asylum, p-v. Bradford co. Pa. on the Susque-
hannah, 176 m. above Harrisburg.
Atabulo, t. Mexico, 30 m. N. Culiacan.
Atabapu, r. Guiana, falls into the Orinoco.
Atacama, province of Peru, bounded N. by
Arica, N. E. by Lipes, S. E. by Salta and Tucu-
man, S. by the desert which separates it from Chi-
li, and W. by the Ocean.
Atacama, chief t. of the above, about 100 miles
from the coast. Lon. 69° 30' W. Lat. 23° 30' S.
Atatai/a de Alagouta, t. Portuguese Estrema-
dura, in Thomar. Pop. 1,400. 18 m. N.W.Lis-
bon.
Atalaya Sortelha, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13- m.
N. E. C'astel Branco.
Atamut, t. Persia, in Irak, 40 m. N. E. Casbin
Atanxiri, r. New Granada, enters the Mota.
A'aprcrcr^ t. Spain, in Old Castile, nearB'-rrgo?.
6d
A T H
Ataxara, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. ti*. Olita.
Atbara, a pass over the mountain Atbara, in
Geralia, Abyssinia.
Atbas, a chain of mountains on the confines of
Yakutsk in Siberia.
•Mtchafalaya, an outlet of Mississippi river,
•which leaves the main stream 2 miles below tlie
moiith of Red river, and running south, nearly
200 miles, empties into Atchafalaya Bay.
Atchekatsk, t. A. Turkey, on the Black sea, 15
m. S. W. Trebisond.
Atchencoil, t. Hind. 50 m. E. Travancore.
Atchinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tchulim,
546 m. S. S. E. Tobolsk. Lon. 89°36'E. Lat.
56° 20' N.
Atchirskai, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
28 m. S. E. Omsk.
Atelluy t. Naples, in Ba^ilicata, 37 m. W. Ma-
tera.
Atena, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 10 m. W.
Marsico Nuovo.
Afjieh, t. Egypt, on a canal of the Nile, 35 m. S.
Cairo. Lon. 31° 8' E. Lat. 29° 28' N.
Ath, or Aeth, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on
the Dender, noted for its manufactures of linen.
It has also bleachfields and iron works, and a con-
siderable trade. 18 m. N. W. Mons, 25 S. W.
Brussels. Pop. 7,650.
Aihaboli, or Agastoboli, t. Eu. Turkey, on the
Black sea, in Romania, 68 m. N. E. Adrianople.
Athapescow, lake, in the north-west part of N.
America, in 59° N. lat. and 110° W. Ion. Its wa-
ters flow through Slave river into Slave lake.
Athboy, t, Ireland, in Meath, 29 m. N. W. Dub-
lip.
Athee, t. France, in Mayenne, on the Oudon, 5
leagues S. S. W. Lava.
Athee, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on the
left bank of the Cher, 3 leagues S. W. Amboise.
Athelney, islet, Eng. in Somersetshire, at the
junction of the 'Thone and Parlet, a few miles be-
low Taunton.
Athelstaneford, v. Scotland, Haddington co. 17
m. E. Edinburgh.
Atlienah, t. 'Turkish Armenj^i, on the Black sea,
7 m. W. Trebisond.
AlhenaSf t. Egypt, 5 m. W. Benisuef.
Athene, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 18 m. N.
Policastro.
Athenry, v. and bor. Ireland, in Galway co. 10
m. E. Galw ay.
Athens, (now called Serines,) anciently the cap-
ital of Attica, and the birth place of the most
distinguished orators, philosophers, and generals
of antiquity, is now an insignificant town in the
Turkish province of Livadia. It stands on the
rivulets of Ilissus and Cephissus, a few miles from
the wes'ern shore of Attica, 100 m. N. E. Misitra
(Sparta), and above 300 S. W, Constantinople.
There are still, in the public edifices of this city,
ample testimonies of its former grandeur. The
relics of art seemhere indeed to have been watch-
ed over by a particular providence ; for while the
ruins of Delphos, Delos, Olympia, Argos, Sparta,
and Corinth, disappoint the traveller by their in-
significance, those of Athens rrmain, for the most
part, in a state little inferior to their original
splendour. The hard and stony soil on which the
principal part of the city was built, has prevent-
ed any considerable sinking of the temples and
ether great monuments in a lapse of more than
2000 years. Add to this, that a dry atmosphere
has protected the stone from corrosion, an4 pre-
A T I
served to the work of the architect and statuary all
their original gloss and polish. The modern town
is a small open place, with narrow and crooked
streets. The houses are mostly mean and strag-
gling. The population is from 8,000 to 10,000,
of whom one-fourth are Turks, and the remain-
der Greeks. Lon. 23° 53' E. Lat. 38° 2' N.
Athens, t. Somerset co. Maine, 22 m. N. E, Nor-
ridgewock, 50 N. Hallowell. Pop. 374.
Athens, t. Windham co. Vt. 26 m. S. E. Windsor.
Pop. 478.
Athens, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
opposite Hudson city, 28 m. below Albany. Pop.
about 1,000.
Athens, p-t. Bradford co. Pa. on tlie Susquehan-
nah, at the junction of the Tioga. Pop. 759.
Athens, p-t. Clarke co. Geo. 70 m. N. Milledge-
ville. Franklin college in this place, commenced
operation in 1803. It has a president, 4 profess-
ors, 2 tutors, and about 50 students. Its funds are
100,000 dollars in bank stock, and 50,000 acres of
land ; 12,000 dollars have been appropriated to
the purchase of a library and philosophical appar-
atus.
Athens, t. Limestone co. Alabama.
Athens, co. Ohio, on the Hockhocking, at its
junction with the Ohio river. Chief t. Athens.
Pop. in 1815, 3,960.
Athens, p-t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio, on the
east bank of the Hockhocking, 37 miles above its
confluence with the Ohio, 40 W. Marietta, 52
E. Chillicothe. The Ohio university is established
here. It has funds in land which yield an annu-
al income of 2,500 dollars ; and a spacions brick
building, erected in 1818.
Atherjield Point, on the S. coast of the Isle of
Wight. Lon. 1° 13' W. Lat. 50° 36' N.
Atherstone, t. Eng. Warwickshire, 13 m. from
Coventry.
Atherstone upon Stovr, v. Eng. in Warwick-
shire, 3m. S. Stratford on Avon.^
Atherton, or Chowbent, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Pop. 3,794. 7 m. S. W. Boston.
Athie, or Athies, v. France, in Somme, on the
Amignon, 1 1 leagues E. Amiens.
Alhis, t. Normandy, in Orne, 6 leagues N. Dom-
front. Pop. 3,350.
Athlone, t. Ireland, Westmeath co. on the Shan-
non, 55 m. W. Dublin.
Athol, a mountainous district of Scotland, in the
northern part of Pertlishire, about 45 miles long,
by 40 broad.
Athol, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 71 m. N. W.
Boston, 33 N. W. Worcester. Pop. 1,041.
Athol, t. Warren co. N. Y. 65 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 443.
Alhos, Mount, now called Monte Santo, a lofty
mountain in Macedonia, on a peninsula formed by
the gulfs ofContessa and Monte Santo, W. of fthe
island of Lemnos. It is protected by fortifications
from the incursions of the corsairs, and inhabited
by about 6000 monks, who are chiefly supported
by the voluntary contributions of the Greek
Christians in Russia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and
other countries. Lon. 24° 30' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
A/.hy, t. Ireland, Kildare co. intersected by the
BaiTow, which is navigable here ; and the navi-
gation is extended by a canal to Dublin. 32 m»
SrW. Dublin.
Alia, t. in the Arabian Irak, 70 m. E. of Hama-
dan.
Atialis, isl. off the coast of Brazil. Lon. 50°
36' W. Lat. 0° 5' S.
ATT
Mico, t. Peru, in Arequipa, 50 m. N. N. W.
Gamanau
Atienca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 20 m. N. Si-
guenca.
Atiggio, t. in Italy, 12 m. S. Camerina.
Atino, t Naples, in Terra di Bavoro, 10 m. N.
Aquino.
Atipalli, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m. N. W. Oussoor.
Atkarsk, t. Russia, 52 m. from Saratov.
Atkinson, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 556. Here is an academy.
Atkinson, Point, on the N. W. coast of Ameri-
ca, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 5' E. Lat.
49° 21' N.
Alkueri, t. Turkish Armenia. 21 m. E. Aghal-
zighe.
Atlantic Ocean, lies between Europe and Afri-
ca, on the E. and America on the W. It is 3,000
miles wide.
Atlas, chain of mountains, stretching through
Barbary, and dividing its cultivated territory from
the vast desert of sand which fills the greater part
of central and northern Africa. The part of this
chain along the eastern boundary of the empire
of Morocco, is by far the loftiest. According to
repeated observations, it rises to upwards of 13,000
feet ; and its summits, even in this tropical region,
are covered with perpetual snow. As the chain
alters its direction, and stretches through eastern
Barbary, it diminishes considerably in height,
and spreads into various branches.
Atlim, t. Siberia, in Tobolsk, on the Ob. Lon.
67° 14' E. Lat. 62° 5' N.
Allisco, t. Mexico, in Puebla, 20 m. S. W. La
Puebla de los Angelos.
Atolonisco, t. Mexico, in New Biscay, 140 m.
N. W. Durango.
Atooi, or Atoway, one of the larger Sandwich
islands, N. W. of Owhyhee, in the Pacific ocean,
about 30 miles in length. It has a good roadstead
on the S. W. side, called Wymoa. Pop. estimated
at 54,000. From the frequent visits of British
jliavigators, some of the natives can now converse
in English, and several Europeans reside among
them. Lon. 159° 40' W. Lat. 21° 57' N.
Atouguia, t. Portugal, on the coast of Estrema-
dura, 3 m. E. Peniche. Pop, 1,300.
Atoyaque, r. Mexico in New Spain, falls into the
Pacific, in 18° N. Lat. On it is the natural bridge
Ponti di Dio, over which coaches and carriages
conveniently pass, 100 m. S. E. Mexico,
Atqitar, t. Hind. 10 m. S. Timeyrcotta.
Atrato, r. Darien, rises in the mountains of Cho-
co, andrunning from S. to N.more than 95 leagues,
falls into the gulf of Darien in Lon. 77° 6. W. Lat.
8° 2' N.
Atri, or Atria, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 28
m. N. E. Aquila.
Atshar, t. Little Bukharia, 80 m. E. N. E. Ascu.
Atsion, V. Gloucester co. N. J. 60 m. S. E. Phil-
adelphia,
Attacoor, t. Hind, in tlie Carnatic, 30 m, N. N.
W. Vellore.
Attakapas, co. Louisiana, on the gulf of Mexico,
W. of the Atchafalaya. Chief t. Franklin. Pop.
7,639; slaves 3,131.
Attakapas, p-t. Attakapas district, Louisiana.
Attakkeni, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 44 m. N.
W. Eregri.
Attancala, t. Hind. 67 m. N. W. Cape Comorin.
Altancourt, v. France, on the Blaise, in Upper
Marne, 11 leagues S. E. Chalons-sur-Mame.
Attanff, V. Upper Egypt, 30 m. S. Girge,
A V A
e9
Altellura, or Af.eUari, r. Sicily, runs into the
Mediterranean, between Syracnse and Cape Pas-
saro.
Attenagal, t. Ceylon, 25 m. N. E. Colombo.
Attendom, t. Westphalia, 45 m. E. N. E, Co-
logne.
Attenhme, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. E. Landen.
Attercliffe, t. Eng. Yorkshire, l.V m. S. E. Shef-
field. Pop. 2,673.
Attersee, lake, Austria, circle of Hausruck.
Attery, r. Eng. runs into the Tamar near Laun-
ceston.
Attia, t. Persia, in Seisten, 25 m. W. Harra.
Attica, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 12 m. S. Batavia.
Attichy, t. France, on the Aisne, in Oise, 4
leagues N. N. W. Soissons.
Attigny, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
11 leagues N. E. Rheims.
Attimis, t. Italy, in theFriuli, 9 m. N.E.Udina.
Attleborough, t. Eng. Norfolk co. Pop. 1,413.
12 m. from Thetford and Norwich.
Attlebormigh, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 29 m. S. W.
Boston, 9 N. Providence. Pop. 2,716.
Altieborough, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Phil-
adelphia,
Attlebury, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 63 m. S. Al-
bany.
Attack, or Attack Benaras, t. and fort on the E.
bank of the Indus, in lon. 71° 15' E. lat. 33° 6' N.
Attoor, t. Hind. 6 m. S. S. W. Dindigul.
Attoor, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 50 m. N. Trichi-
nopoly.
Attuie, t. Arabia, 76 m. W. S. W. Saade.
Attyah, t. and district, Bengal, N. W. Dacca.
Atued, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, 18 m. S. E.
Lidkoping.
Atuntash, 1. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 18 m. S. S.
E. Kutayeh.
Atunxauxa, t. Peru, 70 m. E. Lima.
Atures, Falls of, intlie Orinoco, about 100 miles
from its mouth.
Atwater, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuy»hoga riv-
er, 15 m. W. Ravenna.
Atwood''s Keys, islands among the Bahamas.
Lon. 73° 40' W. Lat. 23° 8' N.
Atybach, v. Germany, in Nassau-Weilburg, be-
tween Giesseii and Wetzlar. Pop. 5,000.
Au, t. Bavaria, in Iser, 12 m. N. W. Mosburg.
Au, t. Lower Austria, on ^the Danube, in the
quarter below the Muhl ; another in the quarter
below the Foi'est of Vienna ; also a village in Sua-
bia, on the Bregentz.
Au, V. Baden, on the Rhine, circle of the Mai^,
bailiwick of llastadt.
Au, or Aubach, r. Bavaria, rises near Ober-
Mennichau, and running through Thurnau, joins
the Maine 4 miles below.
Ava. See Birman Empire.
Am, or Aungiva, the ancient capital of the Bir-
man empire. It is now deserted, the seat of gov-
ernment having been transferred to Umrapora, 4
miles distant. Lat. 21° 51' N. Lon. 95° 58' E.
Ava, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 12 m, N, W.
Alanieli.
Aval. See Bahhrein Islands.
Avalas, t. Servia, 12 m. S. Belgrade.
Avalon, peninsula, the S. E. corner of New-
foundland, joined to the island by a neck of land
between Placencia and Trinity bays.
Avalon, t. France, in Yonne, on the Cousia,
Pop. 4,200 ; 20 leagues W. Dijon.
Avar, Aioar, or Oar, city of Russia, in the east-
em parts ofCaucasu?.
7a
A U B
A V £
Axary.^ t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 12 m. N.
£. Blois.
Avatscha, hay, on the E. coast of Kamtschatka,
into which the Avatschka and Paratounka or II-
mitsh empty. It is about 25 miles in circumfer-
ence, its entrance is 4 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide.
Lon. 158° 49' E. Lat. 52° 51' N.
Acaux, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
near Rheims. Pop. 1,500.
Aub, or Amv, t. Bavaria, on the Gollach, 17 m.
S. Wurtzburg.
Aitdagne, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
Pop. 6,600. 17 leagues N. W. Aix.
Avhau, t. France, in Gard, 10 m. S. W.
Nismes. ,
Aube, r. France, rises in tlie department of Up-
per Marne, and falls into the Seine, a few miles
above Nogent-sur-Seine.
Atibe, A department of France, bounded N. by
Marne, E. by Upper Marne, S. E. by Cote d'Or,
S. \V. by Yonne, and N. W. by Seine and Marne.
Pop. in"l815, 223,819. The capital is Troyes.
,Aubel, V. Netherlands, in Limburg, near Dar-
thejm. Pop. above 3,000.
Aubenas, t. France, on tlie Ardeche, 5 leagues
S. W. Privas. Pop. 3,315.
Aubenton, t. France, on the Aube, in Aisne, 6
leagues S. W. Rocroy. Pop. 1,100.
Auberg, t. Upper Austria, on the Danube, op-
posite Lintz.
Auierive, L France, in Marne, 6^ leagues E.
Rheims.
Auberive, v. France, in Isere, 17 leagues W.
Grenoble ; another in Upper Marne, 8 leagues S.
Chaumont.
Auberoche, v. France, in Dordogne, 6 m. E.
Perigueux.
Aubert GalUon, seigniory, Buckingham and
Dorchester cos. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere,
55 m. S. E. Quebec.
Aubeterre, t. France, on the Drone, in Cha-
jrente, 9 leagues S. Angouleme.
Aubette, r. France, joins the Seine near Rouen.
Auberilliers, t. France, 3 m. N. N. E. Paris ;
another in Somme, 5 leagues S. E. Amiens.
Aubieres, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 1 league
S. E. Clermont-Ferrand.
Aubiers,t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 16 leagues
N. Niort.
Aubiet, t. France, in Gers, 9 m. E. Auch.
Aubignac, t. France, in Indre, 18 leagues S. W
Bourges.
Aubignan, t. France, 5i leagues N.E.Avignon.
Pop. 1,320.
Aubigne, t. France, 5 leagues from La Flechc.
Aubigny, or Avigny, t. France, in Cher, on the
Nesse, 14 leagues S. E. Orleans. Pop. 2,550.
II Aubigny, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 2 j leagues
W. Arras; another in Loire and Cher, 7
leagues S. Orleans.
Aubin, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. S. W. Neufchatel.
Aubing, V. Bavaria, 4 m. from Munich.
Aubondange, v. France, in Meurthe, 8i leagues
N. E. Nancy.
Aubonnc, t. Switzerland, in Vaud, 11m. W. S.
W. Lausanne. Pop. 1,600.
Auburn. See Albourne.
Aubunu p-v. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. in the
township of Aurelius, at the outlet of Owasco lake,
170 m. W.Albany, on the great western turnpike.
Pop. in 1817, about 2,000. It has numerous mills
and manufactories, and a state prison large enough
to contain 1,000 prisoners. A Presbyterian Tileo
logical Seminary has been lately established here.
Aubusson, t. France, on the left bank of the
Creuse, 16 leagues S. E. Limoges. Pop. 3,520.
Auca, t. on the confines of Persia, 170 m. S. S<
W. Bulkh.
Auch, or Ausch, t. France, in Gers. Here are
manufactures of serge and of the coarse woollens
called barat ; also tanneries. Pop. 8,800. 16
leagues W. Toulouse.
Auche-cn-Braye, v. France, Lower Seine, 2 m.
E. Tournay.
Auchterarder, t. Scotland, in Perthrhire. Pop,
of the parish 2,508, 15 m. S. S. W. Perth.
Auchtemmchty, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire. Pop,
2,403. 9 m. W. Cupar.
Auchy, t. France, on the Authie, in Pas de Ca-
lais, 8 leagues S. E. MontreuiL Pop. 2,000.
Aucland, Bishops, t. Eng. Durham co. Pop.
1,807. 12 m. S. S. W. Durham.
Auckland, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
85 m. S. E. Three-Rivers.
Auckland, West, t. Eng. Durham co.
Aude, r. France, rises in the eastern Pyrenee,";,
empties N. E. of Narbonne, into lake VendreK..
which communicates with the Mediterranean.
Avtde, a department of France, bounded N. E
by Herault, N. by Tarn, E, by the Mediterrane-
an, S, by eastern Pyrenees, and W. by Arriege.
Pop. 240,993. The capital is Carcassonne.
Audene, isl. in the North sea, 30iniles long and
10 broad, 40 m. from Norway. Lat, 60° 12' N.
• Audenge, t. France, 7 leagues W. S. W. Bour-
deaux.
Audierne, t. France, in Finisterre,7 leagues VV,
Quimper.
Audbuo^irt, v. France, on the Doubs, 4 m. E.
S. E. Montbelliard.
Audrieu, or Andrieu, t. France, in Calvados, 3
leagues W, Caen,
Aiidrutck, t, France, 4 leagues S. E, Calais.
Audun-le-Roman, v. France, in Moselle, 4
leagues S. E. Longwy.
Aue, t. Saxony, in Schwartzenburg, on the
Mulda, 10 m. S. E. Zwickau.
Aue, r. Hanover, joins the Gosche nearllien-
worth, to form Medem river; another in Holstein,
runs into the Elbe. It is navigable to Elmshorn ;
another falls into the Weser ; another falls into
the Seine, near Blumenau.
Ave, r. Portugal, falls into the Atlantic, N.Oporto.
Avebury. See Abury.
Avegos, t. Portugal, in Beira, 1 6 m. S. W, Lamego.
Avein, t. Luxemburg, 6 m. N. Rochefort.
Aieiras de Baixas, t. Portuguese Estremadura,
15 m. S. W. Santarem.
Aveiras de Cuina, t. Portuguese Estremadura,
12 m. S. W. Santarem
Aceiro, t, Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 7,000. 33
m. S. Oporto.
Avelghem, t. Netherlands, near Courtrai. Pop.
3,350.
Avelim, t. Hind, in Soonda, 14 m. S. Goa.
Avella, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 15 m. E.
Naples.
Avellino, t. Naples, in principiito Ultra, 25 m.
E, Naples. It is the see of a bishop. Pop, 9,000.
Aven, r, France, falls into the sea, S, E, Brest.
Avenay. t, France, in Marne, 13 m, W, N. W,
Chalons-sur-Marne.
Avenches, or Wiffiis, t. Switzerland, 18 m. S. W
Berne.
AUG
- Ujtier, r. Lithuania, runs into the Aregel, 12 m.
W. Insterburg.
Auerhach, t. in the Saxon part of Vogtla6d, 60
m. W. S. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,000.
jivernakoe, isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of
Fyen. Lon. 10° 18' E. Lat. 55° 2' N.
Avemo, Lago d\ a lake near Pozzuolo, in Terra
diLavora, Naples.
Averon, isl. in the North sea, near Norway.
Lat. 63° 6' N.
Aversa, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora, the an-
cient A tella. It is the seat of a bishop, of a royal
governor, and a judge. Pop. 13,800. 8 m. N. Na-
ples.
Autrstadt, v. Thuringia, 22 m. N. E. Erfurt, on
the road to Leipzig.
Averto, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near Friuli.
Lat. 45° 46' N.
Avery, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Avery- sboro, p-t Cumberland co. N. C on Cape
Fear river, 25 m. above FayetteviUe.
Aues, isl. 16 leagues from the coast of Venezue-
la. Lon. 16° W. Lat. 1 1° 56' N-
Ares, or Bird's Island, West Indies, Lat. 15° SC
N. Lon. 63° 15' W.
Avesa, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic, near Ri-
mini.
Avesh, or Os, t. Turkestan, near the Sir, 80 m,
S. S. E. Andegan.
Avesnes, t. France, on the Hepres, 3 leagues
from Maubenge, in North. Pop. 2,700.
Aveslad, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, near Fahlun,
with a copper refinery, and forges for copper^ iron,
and nails.
Ai-eurdre, t. France, on the left bank of the
Allier, 6 leagues S. S. W. Nevers.
Aveyro7i, r. France, runs into tlie Tarn, 8 m.
above Montauban. It is navigable to Negrepelisse.
Aveyrcyn, department of France, bounded N. by
Cantal, N. E. by Lozere, E. by Card, S. E. by
Herault, S. Yf. by Tarn, and W. by Lot. Pop.
318,047.
Avezo, V. Spain, in Galicia, 6 m. from Astorga.
Avessano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra. Pop.
2,700. 6 m. S. W. Celano, 18 S. Aquila.
Avffay, V. France, in Lower Seine, on tlie Seye,
7 leagues N. Rouen.
Auge, or Ange, v. France, in Deux-Serres, 7
leagues S. E. Niort.
Auge, T. France, runs into the Aube, near An-
glure.
Axigila, district and t. of Africa, on the route
between Siwah and Fezzan, nominally sfibject to
Tripoli.
Auglaize, r. Ohio, runs N. into the Maumee, at
Fort Defiance.
Augsburg, city in Bavaria, (formerly fi;pe and
imperial,) at the conflux of tlie Lech and Wertach,
40 m, N. W. Munich. There are here manufac-
tures in silver, fine cotton, wire, and tobacco.
The engraving on copper affords support to many.
Another important branch of traffic is bookselling
and publishing, especially in Catholic literature.
The celebrated Augsburg confession of faith was
here presented by Luther and Melancthon, in
1530, to tlie emperor Charles V. and the princes
of the empire. Lon. 10° 53' E. Lat. 48° 17' N.
Pop. 30,000.
Augsburg, a secularised bishopric of Germany,
now forming part of Bavaria. It took its name
from the city of Augsburg.
Augst, or Kaiser'' s Augst, v. Switzerland, in the
Frickthal, ca.ntoa of Aargati ; another opposite to
AVI
71
it, beloi^ing to the town of Bale, 6 lu. E. Bale ;
another in Zurich, district of Horgen ; another in
Zurich, district of Knonau.
Augusta, t. Grenville co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Kennebeck co. Maine, on
the Kennebeck, 45 miles from its mouth, 2 N.
Hallowell, 56 N. E. Portland. The river is nav-
igable to this place lor vessels ef 100 tons. Pop.
1,805. ,
Augusta, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 ni. S. W. Uti- "X
ca. Pop. 2,004. ^}
Augusta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. C
Augusta, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 79 m. N. Tren-
ton.
Augusta, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the E.
side of the Susquehanna, 40 m. N. Harrisburg. a^
Pop. 1,373. o"?^
Augusta, a centr'al co. Va. Chief t StaufaJwiJe.
Pop. 14,308 ; slaves 2,880.
Augusta, city 9nA c?i^. Richmond co. Geo. on
Savannah river, just below the falls ; 127 miles N.
W. Savannah, by land, 340 by water, and 86 N.
E. Milledj?eville. Pop. in 1810, 2,476, and in
1819, more than 4,000. It is well situated for
commerce. Large quantities of cotton and other
produce are brought to Augusta from the back
country, and carried down the river to Savannah.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Bracken co. Kentijcky,
on the Ohio, 90 m. N. E. Frankfort, 22 below
Maysville. Pop. 255.
Augusta, t. Columbiana co, Ohio.
Augusta Point, the N. E. point of king Geot^e
Ill's archipelago. Lon. 225° 10' E. Lat. 58° 3' N.
Augustana, t. Croatia, 12 m. S. Agram.
Augustine, St. See St. Augustine.
Augustow, or Augustowo, t. Poland, in Lomza^
56 m. N. W. Bielsk. Pop. 2,000.
Auhaff, t. Austria, 6 m. S. S. W. Ips.
Auftausen, v. Bavaria, circle of the Rezat, on
the Wernitz.
Auhr, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 5 m. S. W. Leib-
muhl.
Aviano, t. Italy, in Friuli, 28 m. W. Udina, 15
E. S. E. Belluno.
Avido, t. A. Turkey, on the Hellespont, 17 m.
S. W. Lampsaki. Lon. 26° 28' E. Lat. 40° 7' N.
Avigliano, v. Piedmont, in Susa. Pop. 2,880.
11 m. W. Turin.
Avigliano,t. Naples, in Otranto, 7 m. E.Otranto.
Aviglione, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 13m. W. Op-
pido.
Avignon, citj', France, on the Rhone, capital
of the dep. of Vaucleusc, 16 leagues N. W. Aix,
168 S. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 53' E. Lat. 43° 56' N.
It was the scat of tlie popes from 1307 till 1377,
and in 1348, the reigning pope, ClemetitVI. bought
the sovereignty of Avignon for 80,000 golden flor-
ins. Its formal cession by the Pope to France was
stipulated in the treaty of Tolentino on the 19th
February 1797. Avignon was formerly the seat
of an archbishop ; at present it is the see of a bish-
op. Pop. 23, 211.
Avignonet, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 8
leagues S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,760.
Avila, province, Spain, in Old Castile, inclosed
by those of Salamanca, Valladolid, Ses:ovia, and
Toledo. Pop. in 1787, 113,762. The chief town,
Avilla, is on the Adaga, and was once one of the
richest cities in Spain. Pop. 4,000. 50 m. N. W.
Madrid. Lon. 5° W. Lat. 40° 45' N.
Avila, or Aviles, t. Spain, in Asturia, near the
bay of Biscay, 15 m. N. Oviedo.
72
A V O
A U R
^vila FuentBy t Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. Ir,
Segovia.
.'Iviles, t. Portugal, on the coast of Oporto. Pop.
• 2,300.
jivin, t. Hind. 24 m. N. E. Coimbetore.
jivire, t France, in Mayenne, 6 leagues N. W.
Angers.
^vis, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m. N. W. Es-
tremoz. Pop. 1,500.
jivis, V. Tyrol, on the Adige, in Trent.
Aciso, t. jVaples, in Lavora, 6 m. E. Sora.
Avize, t, France, in the Gard, 18 m. S. Rheims.
AlUaine, t. Fi-ance, in Sarthe, 5 leagues from
LeMans.
Aulapaladurgan, t. Hind, in Mysore, 15 m. S.
W. Dalmacherry.
Aulas, t. France, in Gard, 15 leagues W.
Nismes.
Auiaster. See Alcester.
AiUdeam, v. Scotland, Nairn co. Pop. 1,406.
3 m. S. E. Nairn.
Aulendorf, t Suabia, 8 m. N. Ravensburg. Pop.
1,900.
Auletta, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 4 m. W.
S. W. Cangiano, 32 S. E. Salerno.
Aulnay, 2 towns, France, in Calvados. Pop. of
one 1„500; of the other, 2,000.
Aulnay, t. France, in Lower Charente. Pop.
1,250. 7 leagues N. N. E. Saintes.— Another in
Vienne, 16 leagues N. N. W. Poitiers.
Aulona. See Valona.
Aulps, t. France, in Var. Pop. 3,000.
Ault, s-p. France, in Somme, 6 leagues W. Ab-
beville.
Auma, t. Germany, belonging to Prussia, 44 m.
S. S. W. Leipsic,
Aumale, t. France, in Lower Seine. Pop. 1,720.
Aumignon, r. France, falls into the Somme
above Seronne.
Aumootina, t. Hind, in Mysore, 17 m. W. S. W.
Periapatam.
Aim, t. Persia, in Seistan, 130 m. S. S. E. Za-
reng,
Aunay, v. France, in Nievre, 8i leagues E, N.
E. Nevers.
Aunt, r. Eng. falls into the sea near Plymouth.
Auneau, or Auneaux, t. France, in Eure and
Loire, 5 leagues E. Chartres.
Auneuil, t. France, in Oise, 2 leagues S. W.
Beauvais. Pop. 1,080.
Aunis, province of France, in Lower Charen-
tes.
Aunoe, isl. Denmark, off the S. W. coast of Zea-
land. Lon. 11° 46' E. Lat. 55° 5' N.
Auntao, t. Chili, on the coast, 200 m. S. Val-
^via. Lat. 42° 5^ S.
§ Avogli, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 50 m. S. E. Ta;
bris.
Avoise, t. France, in Sarthe, 12 m. from La
Fleche.
Avola, t. Sicily, in Val di Noto, 3 m. N. E. Note.
Aron, r. Scotland, falls into the Spey ; another
falls into the Clyde, near Hamilton ; another runs
between the counties of Stirling and Linlithgow,
into the frith of Forth, W. of Borrowstounness.
Avon, r. Eng. falls into the English channel.
The lower part is navigable for large vessels.
Another, runs into the Severn near Berkely ; an-
other, joins the Severn at Bristol. It is naviga-
ble to Bath; another, joins the Severn at Tewks-
bury.
Avon, r. Wales, runs into the Bristol channel, 6
m. S. Neath ; another, flows into the Irish sea at
Barmouth.
Avon, r. Nova Scotia, falls into the Atlantic E-
of Halifax.
Avon, t. Somerset co. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Nor-
ridgewock.
Avon, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee river,
21 m. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 1,880.
Avostola, r. Piedmont, runs into the Cervo, 2^
m. W. Buronza.
Avova, Cape, Caramania, on the W. side of the
bay of Adalia.
Avoyelles, parish, Louisiana, S. of Red river.
Chief t. Avoyelles. Pop. 1,209.
Avoyelles, p-t. Avoyelles district, Louisiana.
Aupach, r. Bohemia, runs into the Eger near-
Carlsbad.
Aupitsbach, r. Saxony, in Thuringia, falls into
the Grumbach, 5 m. E. Weissenfels.
Aurach, t. Germany, on the Iller, 3 m. S. W.
Bamberg ; another in Wirtemberg, 9 m. E. N. E.
Wurzach.
Aurach, r. Franconia, falls into the Regnitz near
Erlangen.
Aurainville, t. France, in Meurthe, 6 m. N.
Toul.
Aurajocki, r. Finland, runs into the gulf of Both-
nia, a little below Abo.
Auran, t. Syria, 60 m. S. Damascus.
Avranches, t. France, in La Manche, half a
league from the sea. Small vessels come up the
river Seez, close to the town. Pop. 6,000. 222
m. W. Paris.
Auray, t. France, on the gulf of Morbihan, 4
leagues W. Vannes. Pop. 3,200.
Auray, r. France, runs into the English chan-
nel. Lat 47° 34' N.
Aurbach, t. Upper Palatinate of Bavaria, 30
m. N. E. Nuremberg.
Aurbach, r. Germany, runs into the Lahn, 2 m.
above Nassau.
Aure, r. France, falls into the Eure ; another,
joins the Drome below Bayeux.
Aurec, t, France, in Upper Loire, 9 m. S. W.
St. Etienne.
Aurelius, p-t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. on
Cayuga lake. Pop. 4,642. It contains three post
villages, Auburn, Cayuga, and Union Springs.
Aurelte, r. France, falls into the Eure near
Bourges.
Auriac, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m. ?
E. Toulouse.
Aurich, cap. of the principality of East Fries -
land, in the kingdom of Haiwver. Pop. 2,200.
It is connected by a canal with Embden. 12 m .
N. E. Embden.
Auriga, t. Italy, in the Valteline, 21 m. S. S.W.
Bormib.
Aurige, or Laurige, r. France, runs into the
Garonne above Toulouse.
Aurignac, t. Gascony, in Upper Garonne, 14
leagues S. E. Touluose.
Aurigny, isl. France, in the English channel, 20
m. N. Jersey, 7 W. Cape La Hogue.
Aurillac, t. France, on the Jordane, in Cantal.
Pop. in 1815, 10,332. Ill leagues S. Paris.
Aurille, t. France, in Mayenne-and-Loire, 1
league N. W. Angers.
Auriol, t. France, in MouUis-of-the-Rhone, 5
leagues N. E. Marseilles. Pop. 3,700.
Aw-ipa, t. North Finland, 62 m. S. S. E. Bior-
neborg.
A U S
Aarith, or Uhrt, t. New Mark of BrandcaLurg,
■in the Oder, 6 m. S. Frankfort.
Auroir, t. France, in Cher, 7 m. N. W. San-
coins.
Aurohmunster, t. Upper Austria, 16 m. S. Passau.
Auron, r. France, falls into the Eure below
Bourges.
Auronsa, t. Italy, in the Cadorin, 7 m. N. Ca-
dora.
Aurora, p-v. Caynga co. N. Y. on Cayuga lake,
16 m. S. W. Auburn.
Aurora, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv-
er, 10 m. N. W. Ravenna. Pop. 189.
Aurora Islayid, one of the New Hebrides. Lon.
168° 24' E. Lat. 15° 6' N.
Auros, V. France, in Gironde, 12 leagues S. E.
Bourdeaux.
AurouT, t. France, in Lozere, 7^ leagues N. E.
Mende.
Aurumoir, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 18 m. N.
Jndelovoy.
Ausa, r. Italy, enters the Adriatic sea at Rimini.
Ausche, t. Bohemia, 8 m. E. N. E. Leutmeritz.
Aush, i. Turkestan, 70 m. E. Toncat.
Auspitz, t. Moravia, circle of Brunn. Pop.
2,215. 42 m. S. S. W. Olmutz.
Aussee, t. Inner-Austria, 48 m. W. N. W. Ju-
denburg.
Aussee, v. Moravia, 12 m. N. N. W. Olmutz.
Aussergefdd, t. Bohemia, circle of Prackatitz,
6 m. W. Winterberg.
Aussig, or Ausli, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 10
m. N. W. Leutmeritz.
Auslj v. Eng. Gloucestershire, on the left side
■of the Severn, 12 m. fr. Bristol.
Aust, r. Bavaria, passes by Au, and flows into
ihe Danube.
Austerfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Bawtry.
Auslerlits, or Slawkow, t. Moravia, in the circle
of Brunn, 12 m. E. S. E. Brunn. Pop. 1,620.
Near this place a great battle was fought, on the
2d December, 1805, between the French com-
manded by Bonaparte, and the united forces of
Austria and Russia, with their respective sove-
reigns at their head. This battle ended in the
total discomfiture of the Austro-Russian army.
Austemld, isl. in the North sea, near Norway.
Lat. 60° 2' N.
Av^linburg, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand
river, 3 m. W. Jefferson.
AustinsviUe, p-t. Wythe co. Va. on the Kenha-
wa, 284 m. S. W. Richmond.
Austin'' s Creek, Georgia^ runs into the Savan-
nah, 12 m. N. Savannah.
Austintown, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. S.
Warren. Pop. 440.
Austonley, or Austenley, t. Eng. in Yorlcshire, 4
m. fr. Huddersfield.
Australasia, in modern Geography, the fifth
great division of the globe. It includes the nu-
merous islands which lie between the limits of 3°
N. and 50° S. lat. and between 95° and 185° E.
lon. It embraces New Holland, Van Diemen's
Land, Papua or New Guinea, New Britain, New
Ireland, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, to-
gether with a multitude of smaller islands sur-
rounding them in all directions.
Australia del Espiritu Santo. See Hebrides,
JVcw.
Austria, circle of, the largest of the ten circles
into which the empire of Germany was divided.
It was bounded N. by Bohemia and Moravia ; E.
by Hungary ; S. by the gulf of Venice and Italy ;
10
A U S
'71i
and W. by Switzerland and Bavaria. These lim-
its include all the present dominions of Austria
in Germany, except Bohemia, Moravia and Aus-
trian Silesia. This country is now divided intc-
four parts, in reference to their administration, by
the chancery at Vienna; viz. Lower, Inner, and
Upper Austria, and the kingdojn of lUyria.
Lower Austria, is divided into the country be-
low the Ens, and the country above the Ens.. The
country below the Ens is subdivided into four
quarters, viz. 1. the quarter below the forest pf
Vienna ; 2. the quarter above the forest of V ien-
na: 3. the quarter below the Mannhartsberg; 4.
the quarter above the Manuhartsberg. The coun-
try above the Ens is subdivided into five quarters :
1. the Hausruck quarter, or Hausruck-viertel ;
2. Muhl-viertel ; 3. Traun-viertel ; 4. Inn-vier-
tel ; 6. Saltzburg-viertel. Lower Austria con-
tains 1,832,405 inhabitants, of which the part be-
low the Ens contains 1,032,729, and thepai-t above
the Ens 799,676.
Inner Austria, in the modern division of the
Austrian empire, corresponds with what was for-
merly the duchy of Stiria. It is divided into 5
circles, which are named after the principal
towns: Judenburg, Bruck, Graetz, Marburg, and
Cilley. It contains 763,820 inhabitants.
Upper Austria, includes the Tyrol, and several
smaller territories. It is divided into 7 circles,
which are named after the chief towns : Schwartz,
Imst, Bregentz, Botzen, Bruneck, Trient, and
Roveredo.
For the subdivisions of the kingdom of Illyria,
see lllyria.
Austria, Archduchy of, corresponds nearly with
Lower Austria, mentioned in the preceding ar-
ticle.
Austria, Empire of, comprehends not only the.
countries described in the two preceding articles,
but all the various states under the dominion of
the imperial house of Austria. It is bounded N^
by Saxony, Prussia, and Russian Poland; E. by
Russia and Turkey ; S. by Turkey, the Gulf of
Venice, and Middle Italy ; W. by Piedmont, Swit-
zerland, and Bavaria. This empire is compara-
tively of modern origin, and, at different periods,
has received various important augmentations.
It is a combination of nations, varying in their ori-
gin, languages, religions, and modes of life, yet
forming at the present day, a firm and compact
body politic. The size and population of this
great monarchy will be best exhibited by the fol-
lowing view of its component parts.
TABLE OF THE EXTENT AND POPULATION OF
THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.
Countries.
Sq. ms.
Population.
1. Lower Austria,
15,422
1,832,405
2. Inner Austria,
8,778
763,820
3. Upper Austria,
12,276
741,319
4. lllyria,
13,508
1,060,492
5. Bohemia,
20,922
3,183,364
6. Moravia )
7. Austrian Silesia, \
12,122
1,688,252
8. Gov. of Milan,
8,340
2,082,000
9. Gov. of Venice,
9,950
1,932,000
10. Galicia,
32,521
3,750,000
11. Hungary, \
12. Transylvania, /
about
about
13. Croatia, >
14. Sclavonia, i
135,000
11,000,000
15. Dalmatia, J
Total in round aumber?
270,000128,000,000
74
A U S
A W G
The seven countries first named in tlie above ta-
ble, constitute the German part of the Austrian
empire. The governments of Milan and Venice
are the Italian parts, and form what is called the
Lombardo-Venetian kingdom. Galicia was taken
from Poland, and bears the title of kingdom of Ga-
licia.
The population is composed principally of four
great races, in the following order : Sclavonians,
11,750,000, Germans 5,000,000, Italians 5,000,000,
Hungarians 4,200,000. There are besides,
1,400,000 Wallachians, 420,000 Jews, and a few
Armenians. This po])ulation occupy 758 cities,
2,000 market towns, 67,644 villages, and 4,192,834
houses.
The annual revenue is estimated at about
60,000,000 dollars. The public debt before the
French revolution, was $90,000,000; in 1805,
more than $350,000,000; and now more than
$650,000,000. The army on the peace estab-
lishment consists of 220,000 infantry, 36,000 cav-
alry, with about 15,000 artillery. For the pro-
tection of trade, a few frigates and other armed
vessels are kept up on the Adriatic ; while on the
Danube, towards the Turkish frontier, are sta-
tioned the vesstls called tschaiken, manned by
about 1,000 soldiers and seamen.
The government is an absolute monarchy. In
Hungary, however, the nation shares the legisla-
tive, and even the executive power with the em-
peror ; the Tyrolese possess, to a certain degree,
the same privileges. Austrian Italy, was erected
into a kingdom by an edict of the emperor in 1815,
and though inseparable from the Austrian empire,
it has a separate constitution, at the head of which
is a prince of the imperial family, with the title
of Viceroy. Galicia bears the title of kingdom,
and is governed by a Viceroy; and in 1817 a
liberal constitution was published, and a repre-
sentative government establislied. Bohemia and
Moravia have each an assembly of states or rep-
jesentatives, but their power is merely nominal.
The administration of the whole empire centres
in Vienna, and is composed of a number of boards,
under the name of councils, chanceries, and con-
ferences. In the German diet or 'confederation
of the sovereigns and free towns of Germany,'
formed in 1815, Austria presides, and has one
vote. In the general assembly, she has four votes.
The established peligion is the Roman Catho-
lic ; but in Hungary, Transylvania, and Sclavo-
tiia, members of the Protestant and Greek church-
es have long been settled, and in the enjoyment of
considerable privileges. In fact, since the days
of Joseph II. free toleration is gi-anted to all sects
throtighout the Austrian dominions. The num-
ber of the various sects is estimated as follows: —
22,000,000 Roman Catholics, 2,500,000 Greek
Christians, 2,000,000 Reformed, 1,450,000 Lu-
therans, 420,000 Jews, and 42,000 Unitarians.
In point of literature, Austria is greatly behind
the north of Germany. The principal universi-
ties are at Vienna, Prague, Freyburg, Inspruck,
Lembei^, Pest, and Padua,
The principal manufactures ai-e thread, cotton,
linen, lace, silk stuffs, stockings, spirituous liquors,
wrought iron, steel, and brass, kitchen and farm-
ing utensils, glass, porcelain, and earthefn ware.
The foreign commerce is in a great measure in
the hands of Greek merchants. The imports
consist principally of raw materials, such as
wool, cotton, raw silk, rice, oil, drugs, spices, of
all which a great part comes from the Levant.
Austria, v. Italy, in Friuli, near Aquiieia.
Amtria, San Felippe de, city, S. America, 48
m.fr.Cumana. Lon. 63° 41' V^. Lat. 10° 31' N.
Jlulas, t. Arabia, inNedsjed, 65 m. N.E. Mecca.
Autauga, a county in Alabama, lately formed.
Autenow, t. Russia, in Kiow, 18 m. W^. S. W.
Bialacerkier.
Authie, V. France, runs into tlie English chan-
nel.
Authiouz, r. France, falls into the Loire S. E.
Angers.
Authon, t. France, in EUre and Loire, 11
leagues S. W. Chartres. Pop. 1,200. Another, 4
leagues N. E. Saintes.
Autire, r. France, runs into the Sevre, below
Maillerais.
Autol, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 3 m. fr. Cala-
horra.
Aidonne, r. France, runs into the Oise near
Verberie.
Autricmirt, v. France, in Cote d'Or, 18 leagues
N. E. Dijon.
Autry, t, France, in Ardennes, 12^ leagues S.
Mezieres.
Auiucurrally, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. N.
Umglee.
Auhm, t. France, in Saone and Loire. Here
are manufactures of linen, blankets, hosiery, and
other stuffs. 16 leagues S. VV. Dijon. Pop. 8,000.
Auvaille, t. Netherlands, 14 m. S. Liege.
Aurase, t. Montgomery co. Missouri.
Au Vase, r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi 55
miles above the mouth of the Ohio. It is naviga-
ble for boats 60 miles, through a fine prairie coun-
try.
Auvergne, formerly a province of France. It
is now included in the departments of the Puy
de Dome, Cantal, Creuse, AUier, and Upper
Loire.
Auvergnie, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. Neufchatel.
Aurillars, or AuviUard, t. France, in Tarne-
and-Garonne, on the Garonne, 5 leagues S. Agen.
Pop. 2,000.
AutnUers-les-Forges, t. France, in Ardennes, 6J
leagues N. W. Mezieres.
Auwal, t. Bohemia, in Kaurzim, 2 m. N. W.
Prague.
Auxerre, t. France, capital of the department
of the Yonne. It is on the Yonne, which affords
an easy communication with the jnetropolis. 1 1
leagues S. S. E. Sens, 37 S. E. Paris. Pop,
11,300.
Auxon, t. France, in Aube, 5i leagues S. S. W.
Troyes. Pop. 2,340.
Auxon, t. France, in Uppei' Loire, 12i leagues
N. AV. Le Puy. Pop. 1,500.
Auxonne, t. France, on the left bank of the
Saone, in Cote d'Or. 7 leagues S. E. Dijon. Pop.
5,280.
Ausance, t. France, in Creuse, 11 leagues E. S.
E. Gueret.
Ausat, or Auzal, t. France, in Puy de Domf, 3
leagues S. Issoire.
Ausat, V. France, in Arriege, 3 leagues S. W.
Tarascon.
Aua, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. S. Casbin.
Awakasari, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 15 m.
N. N. W. Alanieh. '
Awatska. See Avatscha.
Awatti, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 8 m. S. E. Car-
mulla.
Awchar, t. Persia, in Azerbfian, 150 m. S. W.
Tabri.?.
AYR
Awccree. See Waree.
Awin, Ea, r. Ireland, runs into the sea, 7 m. N,
.Killebegs.
AwU., r. Syria, runs into the Mediterranean
near Sidon.
Ax, t. France, in Arriege, 5 leagues N. W. Ta-
ra5Con.
Ax, or Axe, r. Eng. falls into the sea below Ax-
mouth ; another falls into the Bristol channel 8
m. below Axbridge.
Axura, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 50 m. fr. Gu-
zel-Hissar.
Axat, or Azat, t. France, on the Aude, 25 m. S.
Carcassonne.
Axbridge, t. Eng. Somersetsliire, on the Ax, 8
m. above its mouth, 17 m. fr. Bristol.
Axel, t. Flanders, 27 ra. W. Antwerp.
Axem, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W. Inspruck.
Axim, district, part of the kingdom of Ashantee,
Africa. The Dutch have a fort on Cape Tliree
Points, 10 leagues E. ApoUonia.
Axiopoli. See Rassorat.
Axminster, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Ax, 26
m. fr. Exmouth. Pop. 2,387.
Axmoutfi, V. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth
of the Ax.
Axum, ancient capital of Abyssinia, now in
rnins, 40 m. E. Sire. Lon. 38° 50' E. Lat. 14°
10' N.
Ai/, t. France, 5 leagues S. Rheims.
Aij, or Palo Ay. See Pnlo Wai/.
Ayamonte, t. Spain, at the mouth of the Gua-
diana, 34 m. W. S. W. Seville. Pop. 5,000.
Ayamontb, t. Portugal, in Aleutejo, 3 m. N. W.
Minfbrt.
Ayas, V. Caramania, on the W. side of the gulf
of Scanderon. Lon. 25° 48' E. Lat. 36° 46,' N.
Ayash, v. on the coast of Caramania. Lon. 34°
12' E. Lat. 36° 29' N.
Ayawaroo, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. W.
Vellore.
Aybar, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Arragon, 3
m. S. Sanguesa.
Aycotta, t. Hind, in Cochin, 3 m. S. Cranga-
nore.
Aye Slierri, isl. in the North sea, near Lapland.
Lon. 40° 50' E. Lat. 69° 50' N.
Ayempet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 4 m. N. E.
Tanjore.
Ayerbe, or Ayerve, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, 32 m. N. Saragossa.
Ayerstoun, t. Burlington co. N. J. 13 m. S. E.
Burlington.
Ayguaca, t. Peru, 70 m. N. E. Piura.
Aylesbury, t. Eng. Buckingham co. 39 m. W.
N. W. London. Pop. 3,447.
Aylesford, t. Eng. Kent co. 32 m. E. London.
Aylcmouth. See 'Alnemoulh.
Aylesham. See Alesham.
Aylets, p-v. King William co. Va. 29 m. N. E.
Richmond.
Aymouth. See Eyemmifh.
Aynac, v, France, in Lot, 5^ leagues N. W. Fi-
geac, 11 N. E. Cahors.
Ayoayo, t. S. America, 37 m. S. La Paz.
Ayora, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 m, W. St. Fe-
lipe.
Ayr, maritime co. Scotland, bounded N. by
Renfrewshire, E. by Lanark and Dumfries, S. by
Galloway, and W. by the Irish channel and frith
of Clyde. Woollen manufactures are established
in every parish ; and the difTerert branches o^
A Z N
75
cotton manufacture employ many persons. Ex-
tensive iron-works are erected at Muirkirk and
Glenbuck, where are inexhaustible fields botli of
coal, and iron ore. Pop. 103,954.
Ayr, borough, and s-p. Scotland, cap. of Ayr-*
shire, 75 m. S. W. Edinburg. Pop. 5,000.
Ayr Head, cape, on the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 40' W. Lat. 55° 28' N.
Ayraines, t. France, in Somme.
AysUngin, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 3 m. S. S.
W. Dillingen.
Ayterpilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 7 m. S. C.olar.
Aylh, V. on the coast of Abyssinia, 70 m, S. ISf.
Amphila.
Aylon, V. Scotland, Berwick co. Pop. 1,379.
Aylon, Great, v. Eng. in Yorksliire, 3 m. from
Stokesley.
Aylre, t. France, in Lower Charente, near La
Rochelle.
Ayutaus, or Camanches, Indians, 8,000 in num-
ber, S. W. of the Missouri.
Azafi. See Saffi.
Azagra, t. Spain, in Navarre.
Azambu/eira, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 7 m-
W. Santarem.
Azamor, port, Morocco, on the Alorbeya, 80 m.
N. Morocco. Lon. 8° 15' W. Lat. 33° 20' N.
Azar, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut, 76 m. S. E.
Amanzirifdin.
Azaredo, s-p. in the bay of Spiritu Santo, Bra-
zil. Lon. 40° 10' W. Lat. 20° 18' S.
Azay, or Assaie-le-Rideau, t. France, in Indre-
and-Loire, on the Indre, 5 leagues S. W. Tours..
Azay, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 9 leagues W.
N. W. Poitiers.
Azay-le-Feron, t. France, in Indre, 10 leagues
W. Chateauroux.
Azay-sur-Cher, t. France, on the Cher, in In-
dre-and-Loire, 2i leagues E. S. E. Tours.
Azeemabad. See Patna.
Azeitao, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 5 m. N. N.
W. Setuval. Pop. 2,350.
Azem, or Asem. See Ardrah.
Azenay, t. France, in Vendee, 5 leagues N. Ba-
bies d'Olonne. Pop. 3,000.
Azcnighur, t. India, in Allahabad. Lon. 13°
10' E. Lat. 24° 6' N.
Azerailles, v. France, in Meurthe, 4\ leagues
S. E. Luneville, 10 S. E. Nancy.
Azerbijan, or Aderbeitzan, province, Persia,
bounded E. by Ghilan and tlie Caspian sea, W.
by Kurdistan and Armenia. Tabriz, or Tauris,
is the capital.
Azergue Bahr-el, or Blue River, Abyssinia,
rises in Gojam, passes through lake Dembea, and
after traversing Abyssinia and Sennaar, falls into
the Nile above Gerri.
Azeuchal, t. Spanish Estremadura, 16 m. S. S.
W. Merida.
Azialcollar, t. Spain, 19 m. N. W. Seville.
Azille, Azillan, or Azillon, t. France, in Aude,
near the royal canal, 6^ leagues W. Narbonne.
Azincour, or Agincourt, v. France, in Pas-de-
Calais, 7 m. N. Hesdin, 11 E. Montreuil. On its
plains Henry V. of England, gained a victory over
the French, in 1415.
Azinhago, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 11 m. N.
N. E. Santarem,
Azio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 64 m. N. E.
Lepanto.
Azmut, t. Natolia, 84 m. S. E. Scutari.
Aznalcar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 21 m.fr. Se-
ville.
T0
BAB
Asogues, i. Quito, 10 m. N. E. Cuenza.
Azoph, an inland sea of Asiatic Russia, on the
coivfines of Tartary, communicating with the
Euxine by a narrow channel, called the straits of
Jenicale. It is the ancient Palus Maeotis.
Azoph, t. Asiatic Russia, on the E. extremity of
the sea of Azoph, at the mouth of the Don, 812
m. S. S. E. Petersburgh. Lon. 39° 14' E. Lat.
47° N.
Azores, or Western Islands, in the Atlantic, be-
tween 37° and 40° N. lat. and 25° and 32° W.
lon. consisting of St. Michael, St. Mary, Tercera,
Graciosa, St. George, Pico, and Fayal, Corvo and
Flores. They have been at different times laid
waste by earthquakes, of which the most formi-
dable on record is that of 1591, which continued
12 days, and destroyed entirely the flourishing
town of Villa Franca. The soil is exceedingly
fertile in vines, oranges, and other fruits ; and
BAB
considerable wine is exported. These islands be-
long to the Portuguese. Angra, the capital of
Tercera, is the seat of government,
Azores, islands in the Atlantic, N. of St. Do-
mingo.
Azpeytia, t. Spain, in Biscay, ontheUrola.
Azrak, r. A. Turkey, flows into the Euphrate?^
6 m. N. E. Semisat.
Azuaga, t. Spanish Estremadura, 9 m. S. E
Llerena.
Azuchitlau, t. New Spain, 150 m. W, Mexico
Azumar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. W. ^
W. Aronches.
'Azurar, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho.
16 m. S. W. Braya.
Azurara, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. S. E. Viseu.
Azzoglio, t. Italy, in Masserano, 6 m. N. N. F
Masserano.
B
Eaadstkxj, or Badsled, s-p. Sweden, in Scho-
aen, on a bay of the Cattegat, 10 m. N. Engel-
hobn, 16 S. Hehnstadt. Lon. 12° 45' E. Lat. 56°
28' N.
Baagoe, 2 small islands, Denmark, in the Bal-
tic, one between the islands of Zealand, Moeu,
and Falster. Lon. 12° 3' E. Lat 54° 56' N. ; and
the other in the Little Belt. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat.
55° 19' N.
Baalah, or Baalath, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe
of Judah, on the borders of the tribe of Benja-
min, CEdled also Kirjath-jearim, which see.
Baal-Gad, in Sac. Geog. t. at the foot of Mount
Libanus, on the N. E. border of Palestine.
Baal-Hazor, in Sac. Geog. city, 8 m. N. E. Je-
rusalem, between Bethel and Jericho.
Baal-Hermon, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount- An-
tilibanus.
Baal-Meon, or Bclh-Meon, in Sac. Geog. city,
in the tribe of Reuben, in the possession of the
Moabites.
Baal-Perasim, in Sac. Geog. a place in the val-
ley of Rephaim, 3 m. S. W. Jerusalem, where Da-
vid routed the Philistines.
BaaPs River, in West Greenland, empties in
Ion. 50° 10 W. lat. 64° SON.
Baar, or Bar, t. Switzerland, 2 m. N. Zug.
Bab, t. Syria, 25 m. S, W. Bambouch.
Baba, district of Guayaquil, in Quito, 22
leagues in extent. Cacao is its staple article of
commerce. Pop. 4,000.
Baba, Cape, on tlie N. coast of Natolia, in the
l>iack sea. Lon. 31° 51' E. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Babahoyo, district, in Quito. Its capital, Ba-
bahoyo, is a great mart of trade. Lat. 1° 47' S.
The river Babahoyo rises in the mountains of
Chimbo and Riobamba, and after running 24
leagues, falls into the Guayaquil.
Bai/ain, t. Persia, in Kerman, 90 m. S. E. Ker-
man ; another, in Khorassan, 60 m.W. Herat.
Babanon, or Balbanon, t. Cambodia, on the
Cambodia. Lon. 105° 10' E. Lat. 12° 17' N.
Babein, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. S. E. Ispahan.
Babel, See Babylon,
Babel, t, Egypt, on tlie Delta, tlic ancient Byb-
los, 40 m. N. Cairo.
Babelabmmd. See Derbend.
Babelmandel, Straits of, the entrance of the Red
sea, from the Indian ocean, 7 leagues in breadth.
Babelmandel, isl. in the above straits, 5 miles in
circumference, barren and scarcely inhabited.
Lon. 44° 30' E. Lat. 44° 28' N.
Babelza, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 36 m. N. Ou-
dighir.
Baben, isl. in the Indian sea, about 18 miles
long. Lon. 130° to 131° E. Lat. 7° 41' S.
Babenhausen, t. Bavaria, 16 m. S. E. Ulm.
Bargaum, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 22 m. N.
Poonah.
Babi, Si Malu. See Pulo Baby.
Babi, isl. in the Eastern sea, near the W. coast
of Ceram. Lon. 128° 3' E. Lat. 3° 5' S.
Babic, or Bababeg, t. Persia, in Kerman, at an
equal distance from the cities of Kerman, Shiraz,
and Yezd. Fruit of every kind grows here in
profusion. Lon. 54° 18' E. Lat. 30° 3' N.
Babica, t. Russia, in Minsk, 8 m. E. Mozyr.
Bahin, t. Poland, 8 m. S. W. Lublin.
Babin, t. Austrian empire, in Galicia, 36 m. E.
Belcz.
Babirumitschi, t. Russia, 60 m. N. Mohilew,
308 S. St. Petersburg. Lon. 30° 14' E. Lat. 54°
52' N.
Babo, t. Whydah, in Africa, 10 m. N. W. Sabi.
Baboeuf, t. France, in Oise, 2 m. E. S. E. Noy-
on, 42 N. E. Beauvais.
Babolsca, t. Hungary, 22 m. S. S. E. Canischa.
Babu, isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the coast of
Cambodia. Lon. l03° 48' E. Lat 9° 42' N.
Babuan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
120° 30' E. Lat 5° 20' N.
Babuyanes, islands in the Pacific, N. of Luzon.
The largest are Babuan, Calayan, Camiguen^
Daluspiri, and Fuga. The chief products are
wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas, and plantains. Lon.
121° 15' to 122° 5' E. Lat 18° 58' to 19° 42' N.
Babylon, (in ancient geography,) a famous city
on the Euphrates. It stood on both sides of the
BAG
BAD
ir
river, in the form of a square, encompassed by a
wall 60 miles in circuit, 87 feet thick and 350 high,
on which were built 316 towers, or according to
others, 250. There were 100 gates, 25 on each
side, all of solid brass. From these ran 25 streets
crossing one another at right angles, each 150 feet
wide, and 15 miles in length. Thus the whole
oity was divided into 676 squares. The wall of
Babylon was accounted one of the seven wonders
of the world. Extensive ruins are now to be seen
of this once magnificent city, about 50 miles S,
Bagdad.
Bacalal, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. S. W.
Vallatlolid.
Bacalan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Anderab,
145 E. S. £. Balk. Lon. 97° 40' E. Lat. 36°
12' N.
Bacano Bay, on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 74°
39' W. Lat. 20° 6' N.
Baccano, t. Italy, States of the Church, a little
S. of Rome.
Baccanore, t. Hind. 14 m. S. Barcelore.
Bacchiglione, r. Italy, loses itself in the La-
gunes of Venice, below Este.
Baxegotty, t. Thibet, 58 m. N. N. W. Linna-
gur.
Bach. See Batsch.
Bachaash, one of the isls. of the Hebrides, N. E.
of North Uist. Lon. 7° 3' W. Lat. 57° 37' N.
Bacharach, t. Prussian grand duchyof the Low-
er Rhine, 23 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 40' E.
Lat. 50° 2' N. Pop. 1,250
Baeheldor, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. W. Paris.
Bachelor'' s-hall, p-v. Tioga co. Pa.
Bachelors-hall, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Bachelor^ s-retreat, Tp-v. Pendleton co. S. C.
Bachelor'' s River, S.America, runs into a bay of
the same name, on the N. side of the straits of Ma-
gellan. Lon. of the mouth, 73° 52' W. Lat. 53°
38' N.
Bachian, one of the Molucca islands, separated
by a narrow channel from the island Gilolo. Lon.
127°33'E. Lat. 1°S.
Bachink. See Cachao.
Bachmuth, or Bakhmoud, t. Russia, 104 m. N.
N. W. Azoph, and 112 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
37° 44' E. Lat. 48° 25' N.
Bachu. See Baku.
Back, r. or arm of Chesapeake bay, in Baltimore
CO. Md. 4 m. E. of the Patapsco.
Backar, or Behkur, district Hind, in Moultan.
The town is on an island in the Indus, near its
iunction with the Dummoody. Lon. 70° 2' E.
Lat. 28° 31' N.
Backergunge, district in the S. E. part of Ben-
gal. The town is 120 m. E. of Calcutta. Lon.
89° 20' E. Lat. 22° 42' N.
Backnang, t. Wirtemberg, on the Mur, 12 m. N.
E.^tutgard. Lon. 9° 30' E. Lat. 48° 58' N.
Baco, t. in Mindoro, one of the Philippine
islands. Lon. 121° 5' E. Lat. 13° 18' N.
Bacon-castle, p-v. Surry co. Va. 74 m. S. E.
Richmond.
Bacono, r. Caraccas, rises near the city ofTrux-
illo, and serves as a boundary between the prov-
inces of Varinas and Venezuela.
Bacon's Island, in the Chinese sea. Lon. 113°
5' E. Lat. 11° 13' N.
Bacras, t. Africa, 25 m. E. Sennaar.
Bacre, v. Sierra Leone. Lon. 12° 11' W. Lat.
8° 40' N.
Bactriani, t. Asia, in Georgia, 60 m. N. Tefli?.
Badagis, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 40 m. N. Fu-
sheng.
Badajoz, t. Spain, capital of Estremadura,
on the Guadiana. It is an important barrier fortress
on the side of Portugal. It was taken by storm by
the British under lord Wellington, after a memo-
rable conflict, on the 6th of April, 1812. Pop.
14,500. 82 m. N. N. W. Seville, 49 S. Alcantara.
Lon. 6° 47' W. Lat. 38° 49' N.
Badaksham, t. Great Bukharia, 150 m. E.
Bulkh. Lon. 68° 5b' E. Lat. 37° 20' N.
Badalona, s-p. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 m. N. E.
Barcelona.
Badanacoupy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 28 m. S. Se-
ringapatam.
Badar, t. Hind, in Bejapour, on the river Krish-
na, 30 m. S. Mijee. Lon. 75° 32' E.Lat. 16°40'N.
Badasky, t. Siberia, on the Angara, 80 m. IN. N.
W. Irkutzk.
Baddammy, t. Hind, in Bejapour, 80 m. S. E.
Merritch. Lon. 74° 54' E. Lat. 16° 6' N.
Baden, formerly a margraviate of Germany, in
the circle of Suabia, extending along the E. bank
of the Rhine, now forming the most important part
of the grand duchy. It was made up of Baden-
Baden and Baden-Durlach.
Baden, a gi-and duchy of Germany, bounded S.
by Switzerland and the lake of Constance, E. by
Wirtemberg, N. by Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt,
and W. by tlie Bavarian circle of the Rhine, and
the French departments of the Upper and Lower
Rhine. It is divided into ten circles :
Circles. Chief towns
The Lake (Seekreis.) Constance.
The Danube. Villingen.
The Weisen. Lorrach.
The Treisam. Freyburg.
The Kinzig. OfTenburg.
The Murg. Rastadt.
The Pfuiz and Enz. Durlach.
The Neckar. Heidelberg.
The Odenwald. Mosbach.
The Main and Tauber. Wertheim.
The grand dulce has the designation of ' Royal
Highness ;' his residence and the seat of govern-
ment is at Carlsruhe. The grand duchy contains
5,632 square miles, and 924,307 inhabitants. Rev-
enue about 600,000 /. The grand duke and most
of his subjects are Lutherans.
Baden, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Ba-
den, in the circle of the Murg, celebrated for its
mineral waters. 22 m. N. E. Strasburg, 36 W.
Stutgard, and 40 S. S. W. Heidelberg. Lon. 8°
18' E. Lat. 48° 46' N. Pop. 2,000
Baden, a district of Switzerland, formerly an
independent canton, but now united to that of
Aargau.
Baden, t. Switzerland, on the Linunat, at the
head of the above district ; celebrated forits warm
baths. 14 m. N. W. Zurich, 27 S. E. Bale.
Baden, t. Lower Austria, 12 m. S. S. W. Vien-
na ; celebrated for its warm baths.
Badenally, t. Hind, in Mysore, 21 m. S. Sering-
apatam.
Badgvm, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 6 m. S. S. W.
Oudighir.
Badia, La, t. Italy on the Adige, 5 m. from Leg-
nano, 15 W. S. W. Rovigo.
Badingen, v. Prussian states. Middle Mark of
Brandenburg, 7 m. VV. Stendal.
Badou, V. on the slave coast of Africa. 10 m. N,
W. Grand Sestre.
78
BAG
BAH
Badntckilhan, or the Sacred Mountain, t. Hind,
in Golconda, on the Godavery. Here is apagoda
of great celebrity. 72 m. N. W. Rajamundry, 130
E. Hydrabad, 134 from Vizagapatam.
Bardrmvly, t. Hind. inGuzerat, 16 m. E. Surat.
Badruck. See Buddaruck.
Badulalo, i. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 14 m.
S. S. E. Squillace,
Badulc, t. Ceylon, 54 m. S. E. Candy.
Badush, t. Turkish Armenia, 10 m. N. Mosul.
Baedoo, an extensive kingdom of Central Afri-
ca, S. of Tombuctoo, and E. of Bambarca.
Baena, or Vaena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m.
E. S.E. Cordova. Pop. 4,800.
Baerwalde,t. Prussian states, New Mark of Bran-
denburg, 13 m. N. N. W. Custrin, 42 m. E. N. E.
Berlin..
Baet. See Bate.
Baeza, orBaeca, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 6 leagues
from Jaen, 70 m. N. N. E. Cordova. Lon. 3° 35'
W. Lat. 38° 4' N. Pop. 1 5,000.
Baffa, or Bofo, s-p. Africa, on the Grain coast.
Lon. 8° 52' W. Lat. 5° 10' N.
Baffa, s-p. of Cyprus, on the W. coast. It has
a small harbour, now ehoaked up with sand, and
is the most dangerous port of the island. Numer-
ous ruins and antiquities are dispersed in the vi-
cinity. Lon. 32° 18' E. Lat 34° 48' N.
Baffin's Bay, the most northern guli' or bay
that has yet been discovered in North America.
It extends beyond the 78th degree of N. lat. and
communicates with the Atlantic ocean through
Davis's Straits. On the W. side of this bay, in lat.
74° is Lancaster's Sound, through which Lieut.
Parry, in the summers of 1819 and 1820, discover-
ed a passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as
far as the longitude of 113° 47' W. from Green-
wich, between the parallels of 74° and 75° N. lat.
where his further progress was arrested by the ice.
Bafrush. See Balfrosh.
Baga, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on tlie Llobregat,
16 m. N. E. Solsona.
Baga Rey, one of the Philippine islands, E.
Luzon.
Bagaduce Point, cape in Penobscot bay, Maine.
Bagalaen, district in the S. of Java, near its
centre.
Bagazied. See Bayazid.
Bagdad, a city of Asia, on the Tigris, the cap-
ital of the Turkish provinces of Bagdad. For more
than 500 years it was the city of the caliphs, and
the capital of the Moslem empire, and was one of
the most populous and splendid cities of the world ;
but it now retains very little of its ancient splen-
dor. It is a city of great trade, and a noted em-
porium for the products of Arabia, India, and Per-
sia, as well as for many European manufactures.
It supplier all Asia Minor, Syria, and part of Eu-
rope, with Indian commodities, which are import-
ed at Bassora, and being brought up the Tigris in
l)oats, are transj:iorted in caravans to Tocat, Con-
stantinople, Aleppo, Damascus, and the western
parts of Persia. The population is about 60,000,
and is composed of Turks, who constitute three-
fourths of the whole, of Persians, Jews, and a
small proportion of Christians. 210 m. S. Mosul,
300 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon. 44° 24' E. Lat. 33°
20' N.
Bagendon, v. Eng. Gloucestershire, 3 m. N.
Cirencester.
Baggai, t. Algier<', anciently Bog-ff*?. 48 m. S. S
T., Constaxitinti,
BaghiUtn, t. Persia, in Khorassan, GO m. N. E-
Herat.
Baghwan, or Bunkar, v. Persia, in Beloochis-
tan, 10 m. from Khozdar. Lon. 66° 35' E. Lat.
28° 3' N.
Bagjoura, t. Upper Egypt, between the Nile
and Farshout.
Bagna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the Orko-
luka, 20 m. N. E. Parakia.
Bagna Caval/o, t. Italy, States of the Church,
on the Seno, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara.
Bagna di Acqua, t. Italy, in Tuscany ; celebra-
ted for its warm baths. 15 m. E. Leghorn.
Baguagar. See Hyderabad.
Bagruija, t. Italy, Ecclesiastical states, 1 m. S.
Vitebo.
Bagnara, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop.
5,000. 14 m. W. Oppido.
Bagnarea, t. Italy, States of the Church, 5 m-
S. Orvieto, 12 N. Viterbo.
Bagnercs de Campan, or en Bigorre, t. France,
in Upper Pyrenees, on the Adour, at the foot of
the Pyrenees. Pop. 6,000. Its hot mineral
springs are no less than 32 in number, and are
much frequented. 11 m. S. Tarbes, 450 S. S. W.
Paris.
Bagneres de Lucho7i, i. France, in Upper Ga-
ronne, 60 m. S. W. Toulouse. Pop, 1,260.
Bagni della Poretta, v. Italy, 18 m. S. Bologna.
Bagno, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 28 m. N. E, Flo-
rence.
Bagnolo, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 8 m. ?.
Brescia.
Bagno/o, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 12 m
W. Conza.
Bagnols, 't. France, in Gard, 22 m. N. E
Nismes. Pop. 4,800.
Bagnouangy. See Banyouangy.
Bagolino, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 24 m. N.
Brescia. Pop. 3,600.
Bagones, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Cape
Frio, in lat. 22° 5' S.
Bagonguenou, 2 of the Lacadive islands. Lon.
71° 56' E. Lat. 11° N.
Bagroo, r. W. Africa, flills into the sea near the
Mesurado.
Bahama, Great, Island of, one of the Bahamas^
63 miles long and ab.out 9 broad ; 57 miles from
the coast of E. Florida. The soil is fertile and well
watered, and the climate pleasant, but the island
is almost uninhabited. Lon. 78° 10' to 80° 24' W.
Lat. 26° 40' to 27° 5' N.
Bahama Channel, or Gulf of Florida, the narrov
sea between the coast of America and the Baha-
ma islands, 135 miles long and 46 broad. The
currents here are most violent, and vessels are
frequently wrecked in passing through this strait.
Bahama Bank, Great, a sand bank extending
from near the island of Cuba, lat. 22° 20' to the
Baliama islands, lat. 26° 15' N. A smaller bank
of this name, lies N. of the island of Bahama.
Bahamas, or Lucayos Islands, in the Atlantic
ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, lying N. of
Cuba and St. Domingo, between 21° and 28° N.
lat. and 71° and 81° W. lon. They have been
estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion
are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The prin-
cipal are Bahama, Eleuthera, Exuma, Provi-
dence, and Guanahani, or St. Salvador, and
Turk's Island. The climate is in general salu-
brious. Pop. in 1803.14,318, including 11,395
blacks.
B A I
Bahai; a populous province in Hindostan, be-
rAveen 22° and 27" N. lat. bounded N. by Nepaul,
3. by Berar, W. by Oude, and the Mahratta do-
minions, and E. by Bengal. It is computed to
contain 26,000 square miles, and is one of the
most fertile and highly cultivated districts in In-
dia, yielding every kind of grain, sugar, tobacco,
cotton, opium, and saltpetre. It is divided into
seven collectorships, in each of which is fixed an
English judge and magistrate. Its capital is Pat-
na.
Bahar, t. Hind. 35 m. S. E. Patna, formerly the
capital of the kingdom of Magadha, but now fallen
to decay. Lou. 85° 37' E. Lat. 25° 13' N.
Bahar, or Bazer, t. Persia, in Kerman. 40 m. S.
E. Sergiau.
Baharbund, district, Bengal, W. of Brahma-
pootra river. Its chief town is Oliapore.
Bahar Caramorty or Lake of Antioch, Syria,
through which passes the river Orontes. 27 m.
N. E. Antioch.
Bahbeil, or Balbeit, t. in the Delta of Egypt,
where are the ruins of a magnificent marble tem-
ple. 7 m. S. S. W. Mansora.
Bahhrtin, a cluster of Islands on the S. W. side
of the Persian gulf, near the coast of Arabia, The
principal, named Bahhrein, lies about 15 miles
from the coast, in lat, 26° 45' N. A pearl fishery,
the richest and most productive in the world, is
conducted on an extensive scale at these islands.
Bahia das Aldeas, bay, W. Africa. Lat. 15°
50' S.
Bahia Farta, bay, Africa, 10 m. S. Benguela.
Bahia de Chetumel, or Hanover bay, on the E.
side ol' Yucatan, in the sea of Honduras,
Bahia, Honda, port, Cuba, on the N. side, with
anchorage in 4 and 5 fathoms. Lou. 83° 6' W,
Lat. 22° 58' N.
Bahia Longa, bay, West Africa. Lat. 10°
46' S.
Bahia de Todos Santos, province, Brazil, on a
capacious bay of the same name. Its capital is St.
Salvador. It extends along the coast N. to the
river St. Francisco, in lat, 1 1° S.
fiahia. City of. See St. Salvadur.
Bahira, or Rif, the Arabian name of the Delta
of Egypt ,and the adjoining districts, east and west,
on the Mediterranean.
Bahooan, isl, in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
120° 58' E. Lat. 6° 9' N.
Bahoor, t. Hind, in the Canjatic, 8 m. S. Pon-
dicherry,
Bahrabad, t. Persia, in Khorassan. 10 m. N.
Sebsvar.
Bahurim, in Sac. Geog. city of the Benjamites,
N. E. Jerusalem.
Baja, or Bains, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro,
on the site of the ancient Baice, in a bay of thegulf
of Naples. 11 m, W, Naples.
Bajador Cap,e, the W. extremity of Luzon. Lon.
120°40'E. Lat. 18°40'N.
Bajapour, t. Hind, in Baglana, on the Goda-
very, 20 m. E. Bahbelgong.
Baias, or Baie, t. Syria, at the N. E. corner of
the bay of Alexandretta, supposed to be the an-
cient Issus in Cilicia ; 16 m. from Alexandretta.
Bajazid. See Bayazid.
Baibachta, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 72 m. N.
W. Tara,
Baicha, 2 rivers of Siberia, flowing into the
Turuchan, 32 and 56 m. N. W. Turuchansk.
Baideh, valley, Egypt, at the N. extremity of
tvhich is the citv of Suez.
B A K
79
Bajith, in S,ac. Geog, See Baal-meon.
Baikal, a lake of Siberia, in Irkutsk, 366 mileS
long from S. W. to N, E. and from 20 to 53 broad.
This lalce is navigated by the Russians for the
purpose of carrying on their commerce with Chi-
na. Lon. 104° to 110° E. Lat. 52° to 55° 41' N.
Baikalova, t. Russia, in Kolhyvaae, 112 S. S. E.
Abakansk.
Bailan, v. Syria, on a steep declivity of two
mountains, 9 m. E, Alexandretta, 20 N, Antioch.
Hither the Europeans resident at Alexandretta re-
sort duriiig summer heats, for the salubrity of the
air.
Bailden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 2,073. 3 m.
N, Bradford.
Bailieborough, t. Ireland, Cavan co. There
is a pool on tlie top of a neighbouring hill, celebra-
ted for its efiicacy in scorbutic cases. 14 m. S. E,
Cavan, 43 N.W. Dublin.
Baillee, t. France, in Mayenne, 43 ra. N. E.
Cliateaugontier, 18 m. S. E. Laval.
BaiUeul, or Belle, t. J'rance, on the Lys. Pop.
9,000. Large quantities of thread, lace, and wool-
lea stuffs^are manufactured here. 13 m. W. N.
W. Lille ; one in La Manche ; one in Main-and-
Loire ; one in Oise, 8 m. E. N. E. Clermont ;
another in Ome, 5 m, N, Argentan ; another in
Sarthe, 5 m. N. W. La Fleche.
Bain, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 16 m. S.
Rennes, 24 S. W, Vitre, Pop. 3,450. -
Bainbridge, or Jericho, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y.
20 m. S. Norwich. Pop. 1,608.
Bainbridge, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, 18 m. S. W.
Chilicothe. It contains about 25 houses, a forge,
and other mills.
Bainbridge, Port, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon, 212° 9i' E. Lat. 59° 55' N.
Bainetle, v. Piedmont, 6 m. S. E. Coni, 8 W.
S. W. Mondovi.
Bains, v. France, in Eastern Pyreneies, 15 m.
S. W. Perpignan. Pop. 1,800 ; another in Vosges.
Baiode Comboi, isl. in the Caribbean sea. Lon.
77° 36' W. Lat. 15° 26' N.
Baio JVuevo, isl. in the Caribbeaji sea. Lon.
78° 36' W. Lat. 15° 54' N.
Bajolis Cape, on the N. W. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 3° 44' E. Lat. 40° 3' N.
Baird''s forge, p-v. Burke co. N. C.
Baird'' s-tavern, p-t. Buckingham co. Va.
Bairdsloivn, p-t. and cap. Nelson co. Kentucky,
35 m. S. W. Frankfort, on a branch of Salt river.
Pop. 821. It has a stone courthouse and jail, a
church, and a market-house.
Baira. See Beira.
Bajonu, cape on the E. coast of Africa. Lon,
39° E. Lai. 15° 15' S.
Bairout, or Bayreuth, s-p. Syria, in the pacha-
lic of Acre. There was formerly a harbour here
which is now choaked up with sand and rubbish.
This place is an emporium to which the Druses
and Maronites send corn, raw silk, and other pro-
ducts, and iu return receive rice, tobacco, coffee,
and specie. Lon. 35° 32' E. Lat. 33° 45' N. Pop.
7 or 8,000.
Baise, r. France, runs into the Garonne, near
Aiguillon.
Baitsida, t. Palestine, the ancient Bethsaida, 2
m. from the lake Tiberias, 22 m. E. Acre.
Baix, t. Fi-ance, with 300 houses, 8 m. E. May-
enne ; another in Upper Loire, near the Rhone,
10 m. N. Viviers.
Baker, t. Africa, on the Kile, 27 m. W. S. W.
Dongola.
B A L
B A L
Baker Mount, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lon. 238° 20' E. Lat. 48° 39' N.
Bakergan, t. Asia, in Karasm, on the Jihon,
115 m.S. E. Urkonge.
Baker'' s falls, N. Y. in the Hudson, at the bend,
1 m. above Fort Edward. The descent is 76 feet
in a course of 60 rods.
Bakcrsfield, p-t. Franklin co. on Missisque riv-
er, 38 m. N. N. W. Montpeher.
Baker'' s isl. Mass. off Salem harbor, 5 m. E. N.
E. Salem. On its N. end is a light house.
Baker'' s river, N. H. rises in Moosehillock moun-
tain, and runs into the Merrimack at Plymouth.
Bakersville, p-v. Patrick co. Va.
Bakewell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, near the con-
fluence of the Wye and Derwent. Pop. 1,483.
25 m. N. Derby.
Bakhishisarai, or Bacca-Serai, t. Russia, on the
W. side of the Crimea, 50 m. N. Caffa. Lon. 33°
S2' E. Lat. 45° 10' N. It was formerly the residence
of the khans, and contained 20,000 inhabitants ;
but in 1800 there were only5,776, of whom 3,000
were Tartars, 1,162 Jews, and the rest Armen-
ians and Greeks. Here are manufactures of
leather, saddles, silk stuffs, and cutlery.
Baksaskaia, fort, Russian Tartary, in Caucasus,
on the W. side of the Ural, 32 m. N. Guref.
Bafc^egan, a salt lake of Persia, in Fars, about 75
miles in circuit. It is nearly dry in the summer
season, when a quantity of remarkably fine salt,
left by evaporation, is collected from the bottom,
and generally used throughout the province. 10
m. S. E. Shiraz.
Baku, or Badku, t. and principality, Persia, in
Schirvan, on the peninsula of Absharon, in the
Caspian sea. It has the best harbour in the Cas-
pian. It exports cotton, fruit, opium, rice, silk,
wine, rock salt, and naptha. Its principal trade
is with Astracan. Petroleum is obtained in vast
abundance from wells about 8 miles from the
town. They seem almost inexhaustible, some of
them yielding 1000 or 1500 pounds daily. They
are often dried up ; but the naptha generally re-
appears after an interval of a few months. This
substance is used by the natives as a substitute for
lamp oil. All around Baku the country is deep-
ly impregnated with inflammable matter, both
above and under the surface. The earth seems
overspread with fire. The city and principality
were formerly much resorted to by the Guebres,
or fire worshippers. They had temples built of
stone, in one of which a blue lambent flame issued
from a large hollow cane near the altar ; and this
the devotees of that sect believed would subsist as
long as the world remained. This country has
been in possessionof the Russians since 1801. Lon.
51° 7' E. Lat. 42° 22' N.
Bala, t. Wales, Merioneth co. on the lake Bala
Pool, by the natives named Llyn-Tegid.
Balaha, t. Africa, in Bambara. Lon. 4° 10' W.
Lat 13° 35' N.
Balabac, isl. in the Eastern seas, 13 miles long,
by 6 broad ; S. Palawan. Lon. 117° 10' E. Lat.
8° N.
Balabea, isl. in the Pacific, off the W. coast of
New Caledonia. Lon. 164° 22' E. Lat. 20° 7' S.
Balachna, t. Russia, in Nishnei-Novgorod, on
the W^lga. Pop. 5,000. 18 m. W. N. W. Nish-
nei-Novgorod, 120 E. S. E. Petersburg.
Balaganskoi, t. Russia, 30 m. N. N, W. Ir-
kutsk.
Balaguer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre.
Pop. 3,700. 63 m. N. W. Barcelona.
Balaguer, Col de, pass, on the S. £. coast of
Catalonia, commanding the high road from Tar-
ragona to the mouth of the Ebro.
Balakawa, or Balaklaval, s-p. Russia, on the S.
W. point of the Crimea. Lon. 33° 14' E. Lat. 44°
35' N.
Balambangan, isl. in the Eastern seas, between
Borneo and Magindano, 14 miles long, and 3 to 6
broad. 15 m. from Borneo. Lon. 117° 5' E. Lat.
7° 15' N.
Balambuan, district in the S. E. of Java, on the
straits of Bally. The trade in pepper once carried
on here is transferred to Bagnouangay, 15 miles
north. Lon. 114° 28' E. Lat. 8° 28' S.
Balaruc, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. fr. Mont-
pelier.
Balascher, t. Russia, 90 m. W. Saratov, 634 S.
E. St. Petersburg. Lon. 43° 14' E. Lat. 51° 55' N.
Balasore, s-p. Hind, in Orissa. It is in Balasore
roads that the Calcutta pilots wait the arrival of
vessels. 110 m. S. W. Calcutta. Lon. 87° 13' E.
Lat. 21° 31' N.
Balaton, lake, Hungary, 5 m. S. Stuhl-Weissen-
burg, nearly 40 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad.
The Austrian government propose to unite this
lake with the Danube by a canal.
Balbastro, t. Spain, in Arragon, near the con-
flux of the Vero and Cinca, 30 m. E. N. E. Sara-
gossa. Pop. 5,009.
Balbec, anciently Heliopolis, the ' City of the
Sun,' in Syria, celebrated for its magnificent ruins.
History has preserved no account of this place,
or of its original inhabitants. The splendid ru-
ins of the temple of the Sun, which still I'emain,
shew that it was formerly adorued with all the
embellishments cf architecture. The stones com-
posing the walls of this temple are of enormous
size. Many of them are from 28 to 35 feet long,
and 9 deep, and one is 59 feet long and 12 deep.
It is 40 m. N. N. W. Damascus. Lon. 36° 11' E,
Lat. 34° 1' N. Pop. in 1751, 5,000 ; in 1784.
1,200.
Balbeil. See Bahbeit.
Balby, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. S. W. Don-
caster.
Balcajrry, s-p. Scotland, on Solway frith, 10 m,
E. S. E. Kircudbright.
Balchikanskoi, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, 140 m. S,
W. Doroninsk.
Bald Eagle, r. Pa, runs N. E. 44 miles, through
Mifflin and Lycoming counties, and falls into the
west branch of the Susquehannah.
Bald Eagle, mountains, Bedford co. Pa. Bald
Eagle valley lies on the east side. It is 5 miles
wide, and the bottom is a bed of limestone. In
the limestone are worn vast pits 300 feet deep, a
cave wide enough to admit a large shallop with
her sails spread, and channels under the surface
of the ground several miles long, through which
the largest streams of the valley pass.
Bald Eagle, t. Centre co. Pa, Pop. 1, 146.
Bald Eagle, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 246.
Baldeck, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N. Lucerne.
Baldenau, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Low-
er Rhine, 36 m. S. W. Coblentz.
Baldenburg, t. West Prussia, 65 m. S. S. W.
Dantzic.
Baldern, t. Wirtemberg, 1 m. S. S. E. Zobing.
Bald Head, the S. W. point of Wells Bay,
Maine. Lon. 70° 35' W. Lat. 43° N.
Bald Head, the S. W. end of Smith's island, at
the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light-
B A L
B A L
81
house. 24 m. N. W. by N. from Fryiog-Pan-Shoals.
Lon. 78° 13' W. Lat. 33° 51' N.
Bald Head, a promontory about 400 feet high,
on the S. W. coast of New Holland, at the mouth
f of King George's sound. Lon. 118° E. Lat. 35°
6'S.
Bald Head, point, on the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, in Norton sound. Lon. 198° 18' E. Lat. 64°
43' N.
Baldivia. See Valdivia.
Bald MoupJahis, a part of the Alleghany ridge,
on the E. border of I'eunessee.
BaldocJc, t. Eng. Hertfordshire, 38 m. N. Lon-
don. Pop. 1,438.
Baldwin^ p-t Cumberland co. Maine, 26 m. N.
W. Portland. Pop. 346.
Baldivmville, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Baldwin, co. Geo. on the Oconee, in the cen-
tre of the state. Chief t. Milledgeville. Pop.
6,356. Slaves, 2,530.
Baldwin, co. Alabama, at the junction of Ala-
bama and Tombigbee rivers. Chief t. Fort Stod-
dert.
Baldwinsville, p-v. Columbia co. Geo.
Bale, Basle, or Basil, canton, Switzerland, ex-
tending from the Rhine on the N. to the canton of
Soleure on tlie S. It contains 187 square miles,
and 37,000 inhabitants.
Bale, cap. of the canton of Bale, and the largest
town in Switzerland, lies on the Rhine, which di-
vides it into two unequal parts, joined together by
a bridge of 600 feet in length. The university
founded here in 1459, has an excellent library, a
cabinet of medals, and botanic garden. The
manufactures are silk ribbons, silk stuffs, cotton,
paper, linen, and glov es. Here was held a famous
ecclesiastical council, between the years 1431 and
1444. Lon. 7° 31' E. Lat. 47° 40' N. Pop.
15,000.
Bale, formei'ly an independent bishopric,
bounded E. by the canton of Bale, S. by Solo-
Ihurn, and W. by France. It contained 420
square miles, and about 40,000 inhabitants. The
nett revenue was valued at 20,000/. sterling, to
which the mines contributed between 3000/. and
4000/. It is now included principally in the can-
ton of Berne, but partly in Bale Neufchatel, and
Baden.
Baleapatam, t. Hind, on the coast of Malabar,
15 m. N. N. W. Tellicherry.
Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean, off the
east coast of Spain. The principal are Majorca,
Minorca, and Cabrera. 'They lie from N. E. to
3. W. and have Ivica, and the other Pithyusaj isl-
ands on the S. W.
Balemar, isl. in the Eastern Indian sea. Lon,
128° 12' E. Lat. 7° 18' S.
Balfron, v. Scotland, Stirling co. 22 m. N. Glas-
gow. Pop. 1,986.
Balfrosh, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, is about a
mile and a half in circuit. 20 m, W. Fehrabad.
Lon. 52° 40' E. Lat. 35° 55' N.
Balga, V. castle, and bailiwick, Prussia, 24 m. S.
W. Konigsberg.
Balgaon, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 15 m. N. W.
Kliondar.
Balhary, t. and district, Hind, in Mysore, on
:he Naggery, 187 m. N. Seringapatam.
Bali, or Liltle Java, one of the Sunda islands,
separated from Java by the straits of Bally. It is
about 75 miles long, by 40 broad. Rice is pro-
duced in great quantities here ; also tobacco, oil,
Mid salt. 'The island is divided into eight districts,
11
and each has an independent chief. Pop. esti-
mated at 200,000. Lon. 115° E. Lat. from 8° to
9°S.
Baliabadri. See Patras.
Balikesri, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 52 m. N.E.
Pergamo. Lon. 27° 54' E. Lat. 39° 42' N.
Balincailach, cape, on the W. coast of Benbe-
cula, one of the Hebrides.
Balingen, t. Wirtemberg, in Upper Neckar, 10
m. N. E. Rothweil, 36 S. Stutgard. Pop. 3,000.
Balis, r. Syria, flows into the Euphrates near
Racca.
Balis, t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 60 m. E.
Aleppo.
Balise, the main pass into the mouth of the
Mississippi, 105 m. below New-Orleans. It is 20
miles long, and has 16 feet water on the bar. On
an island at the N. side of the pass is a fort.
Balise, r. S. America, in Yucatan, falls into the
bay of Honduras, in lon. 91° 15' W. lat. 14° 50
N. On its banks the English have their principal
establishments for cutting down mahogany, some
of which are 200 miles above the mouth of the
river.
B(.dise, s-p. at the mouth of the above river.
Balk. See Bulkh.
Balkan, the ancient Hcenms, mountains, Eu.
Turkey, which separate Romania from Bulgaria*
Balkan, bay, on the E. coast of t lie Caspian sea.
Lat. 39° 45' N.
Balkee, t. Hind, in Beder, 15 m. W. N. W. Be-
der, 45 N. E. Kalbcrgah. Lgn. 77° 29' E. Lat.
17° 49' N.
Ball, V. Ireland, Mayo co. 107 m. W. Dublin
Balla, t. Bootan, 26 m. N. Beyliar.
Ballabeea. See Balabea.
Ballabuan, straits, between Java and Bali isl-
ands. They are 5 or 6 leagues wide, and of intri-
cate navigation.
Balladuk, t. Syria, in the desert, 140 m. E. N. E.
Damascus.
Ballaghan Point, the S. W. cape of Carlinford
bay, on the E. coast of Ireland, in Louth co. 11m.
S. E. Newry. Lon. 6° 4' W. Lat. 53° 58' N.
Ballaghy, v. Ireland, Londonderry co. 18 m. S.
Coleraine.
Ballantrac, v. Scotland, Ayrshire, 28 m. S. S.W.
Ayr.
Ballapatty, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 12 m. W.
Vencatighery.
Ballard, Cape, Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 26'
W. Lat. 46° 55' N.
Ballard'' s Point, a cape on the W. coast of Ire-
land, Clare co. Lon. 9<* 32' W. Lat. 52° 42' N.
Ballas, V. on the left bank of the Nile, Upper
Egypt, 10 m. S. Dendera.
Balleeoongham, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago
Lon. 120° 6' E. Lat. 5° 10' N.
Ballenberg, t. Wirtemberg, in Gaxt, 2 m. N.W,
Krautheim.
Ballenstedl, t. in Ballenstedt county, Germany,
in the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg. 18 m,
S. W. Bernburg, 27 N. E. Nordhausen. Lon. 11°
25' E. Lat. 51° 45' J^. Pop. 2,500.
Balltroy. v. f^rance, on the Drome, 7 m, S. S.
W. Bayeaux, 18 S. Caen.
Ballimore, t. Ireland, Westmeath co, 10 m. N,
Athlone.
Ballina, t. Ireland, Mayo co. 6 m. S. Killala.
Ballinacourty, Point, the N. cape of Dungar-
van bay, on the S. coast of keland, Waterford co.
4 m. E. Dunbar van.
82
B A L
B A L
Ballinahinch, v. Ireland, Down co. 12 m. b.
Belfast.
BeUlinakil, i. Ireland, Queens co. 14 m. W.
Carlow.
Ballinakil Harbor, on the W. coast of Ireland,
40 m. N. W. Galway. Lon. 9° 58' W. Lat. 53°
34' N.
BallinaskeUig, bay, on the S. W. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 10° 6' W. Lat. 51° 46' N.
BaUinasloe, t. Ireland, Galway co. on the W.
bank of the Suck. Here is held "a fair for cattle
and sheep. 30 m. W. Gahvay.
Ballinrohe, t. Ireland, Mayo co. 15 m. S. Cas-
tlebar.
Ballintry, v. Ireland, Antrim co, 20 m. N- Bal-
lymena.
Ballcck, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
121° 52' E. Lat. 6° 32' N.
Ballon, t, France, on the Ome, 16 m. S. Alen-
con. Pop. 3,560.
Ballon, t. France, in Lower-Charente, 9 m. S.
E. La Rochelle.
Balls. See Baah.
Ballston, p-t. and cap. Saratoga co. N. Y. 28 m.
N. Albany. Pop. 2,155. It contains a courthouse,
an academy, and 6 houses for public worship.
Ballslon-Spa, p-v. partlv in Ballston, but chief-
ly in Milton, Saratos;a co.'N. Y. 26 m. N. Albany,
in a beautiful and romantic situation. Pop. 614.
It has a courthouse, two printing-offices, a book-
store : with which is connected a circulating li-
brary and a reading room ; an academy, and 2
houses for public worship, one for Episcopalians,
and one for Baptists. This place is famous for its
mineral waters, which are much frequented by
the gay and fashionable during the months of July
and August. Hence, in addition to several inns,
there are three large boarding houses expressly
designed for the accommodation of strangers. In
the summer of 1818, 2,500 persons visited these
springs, of whom more than 1,200 were from the
states south of New York. The waters possess a
stimulating and refreshing quality. Under the
exhaustion of heat and fatigue, nothing can be
more agreeable and reviving to the system. As
a powerful remedy also in many diseases, they are
well known and highly celebrated. Letters in-
tended for persons residing at the springs, should
be directed to Ballston-Spa, as there is another
post-office in the town of Ballston, at some dis-
tance from the village.
Ballsrille, p-v. Powhattan co. Va. 48 m. N, W.
Richmond.
Balluntee, t. Hind, in Orissa, 13 m. S. E. Cat-
tack.
Ballybay, v. Ireland, 9 m. S. Monaghan.
BalUjcanoe, or Ballycaiinxnc, v. Ireland, Wex-
ford CO. 5 m. S. Newborough.
BaUyeaslle, s-p. Ireland, Antrim co. 30 m. N.
Antrim.
Ballycotton, isl. in St. George's charmel, on the
S. W. coast of Ireland, 4 m. fr. Cloyne. Lon. 7°
69'W. Lat. 51° 60' N.
Ballydonegan Bay, on the S. W. coast of Ire-
land. Lon. 10° W.' Lat. 51° 35' N.
Ballydovelin Bay, on ihe S. VV. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 9^ 32' W. Lat. 5 1° 27' N.
Ballyela Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland, 12 m.
S. E. South- Arran islands. Lon. 9° 20' W. Lat.
52° 53' N.
Ballyfcris Point, cape, Ireland, on the coast of
Down.' Lon. 5° 23' W. Lat. 54° 33' N.
Ballygawly, v. Ireland, Tyrone co. 74 m. from
Dublin.
Ballygelly Head, cape, Ireland, on the E. coast.
Lon. 5° 44'' W. Lat, 54° 54' N,
Ballyhaura, v, Ireland, 21 m, N, Cork.
Baltyhays, t. Ireland, Cavan co. 59 m. fr, Dub-
liu.
BaUyheigh. See Kerry Head.
Ballylany, isl, near the W, coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10° 16' W, Lat, 53° 23' N.
BaUymena, t. Ireland, in Antrim co. on tl^e
Maine. Pop. 2,500. 20 m. N. W. Belfast.
BaVyraoney, v. Ireland, Antrim co. 23 m. N. An-
trim, 30 E. Londonderry. Pop. 1,800.
Ballyraghan Bay, on the W, coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 6' W. Lat. 53° 7' N.
Ballyshannon, s-p. Ireland, Donegal co. on a bay
at the mouth of the Erne, 40 m. S. W, Londoja-
derry,
Balme, t. Savoy, 6 m, N, W, Annecy.
Balmerino, v. Scotland, Fifeshire, on the S.
bank of the Tay, 8 m, N, VV. St. Andrews.
Balnakyle, v. Scotland, in a bay on the W. coast
of Lewis island, one of the Hebrides. Lon. 7° 3'
W. Lat, 58° 8' N,
Balongo, 3 islands in the bay of Bengal, near
tlie coast of Arracan, Lon, 93° to 93° 20' E. Lat.
19° 50' to 20° 5' JV,
Balremit Bay, on the E, coast of Colonsay, one
of the Hebrides, Lon, 6° 7' W. Lat, 56° 6' N.
Balsas, t. Peru, in Chachapuyas, on the E. side
of tlie Amazon, 40 m. N. Caxamarca. Lat, 6°
16' S.
Bahora. See Bassora.
Bahover. See Bolsaver. *
Balstal, t, Switzerland, 10 m. N. E. Solothurn.
Balta, or Balto, t. Eu, Russia, cap. of a circle
in Podolia, on the Kadyma, 65 m. N. N. E, Ben-
der,
Balta, one of the smaller Shetland islands, near
the E, coast of Unst. Lon, 4° 2' W. Lat, 61° 7' N.
Baltasch, v, Russia, in Caucasus, on the left of
the river Terek, 6 m. fr, Wladikawkas.
Baltchimkin. See Black sea.
Baltchutzko, t. Russia, in Colhyvan.
Baltic Port, or Rogerwick, s-p, Russia, in Re-
vel, on Roog island, at the influx of the Padis into
the Baltic, 38 m. AV. Revel, 150 N. Riga.
Baltic Sea, a well known inland sea in the north-
west of Europe. It begins at the Danish islands
of Zealand and Funen, and is formed by tlie coasts
of Denmark, Germany, Prussia, Russia, and Swe-
den. It extends beyond 65° N, lat, being above
600 miles in length, and varying from 75 to 150 in
breadth. Its surface contains about 120,000
square miles. The flatness of the Prussian shore,
with the niggedncss of that of Sweden, and above
all, the sudden changes in the state of the winds,
and tlie violent storms, render this sea very dan-
gerous for navigators. It is frozen for about three
montlis every year, so as to prevent navigation
altogether ; in the south, the melting of the ice
takes place in April ; but in the gulfs of Bothnia
and Finland, it is seldom dissolved till the end of
May. There are three passages from the Catte-
gat into the Baltic — the Sound, the Great Belt,
and the Little Belt; of these, the most frequent-
ed is the Sound. At each a toll is paid for the
purpose of maintaining light-houses. The num-
ber of vessels which passed the Sound in 1816,
was 8,871.
BaUimore, t. Ireland, Cork co. 13 m. S, Bantry,
B A L
' Baltimore, t. Windsor co. Vt. 1 1 m. S.W. Wind-
sor. Pop. 207.
Baltimore, hundred, Sussex co. Delaware.
Baltimore, co. Md. on the W. side of Chesa-
peake bay, N. of Patapsco river. Chief t. Balti-
more. Pop. 29,255, exclusive of the city and its
precincts.
Baltimore, pity, and port of entry, Baltimore co.
Maryland, is on the N. side of Patapsco river, 14
miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay ; 38
m. N. E. Washington. 100 S. W. Philadelphia, 190
S. W, New York, 400 S. W. Boston, 160 N. E.
Richmond, 230 E. S. E. Pittsburg, 590 N. N. E.
Charleston. Lon. 76° 36' W. Lat. 39° 17' N.
Pop. of the city and precincts, in 1790, 13,503 ;
in 1800, 26,514 ; in 1810, 46,555, of whom 10,343
were blacks; and in 1820, 62,627.
Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is
connected by good turnpike roads with various
parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navigable wa-
ters which run into the Ohio. It possesses the
trade of Maryland, and of a great portion of the
back country of Pennsylvania, and the western
States. In amount of shipping, it is the third
city in the Union. The number of tons in 1815
was 101,960. The growth of the city has been
remarkably rapid. In 1790, the amount of ship-
ping was only 13,564 tons, and the population in
1770 was only 300.
The city is built around a bay, which sets up
from the north side of the Patapsco. and affords a
spacious and convenient harbor. The strait
which connects this bay with the river is very
narrow, scarcely a pistol shot across, and is well
defended by Fort M 'Henry. A small river, called
Jones' Falls, empties into the north side of the
harbor, and divides the city into two parts, called
the town and Fell's point, which are connected by
bridges. At Fell's point, the water is deep
enough for vessels of 500 or 600 tons, but none
larger than 200 tons can go up to the town.
Baltimore contains the State penitentiary ; the
city and county almshouse ; a court-house ; a
museum ; a theatre ; a custom-house ; a hospital,
in which there is a fine collection of anatomical
preparations in wax ; an exchange, an immense
edifice recently erected; 3 market houses; 10
banks, 31 houses of public worship, 5 for Roman
Catholics, 5 for Episcopalians, 5 for Methodists, 3
for Baptists, 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Dutch Re-
formed, 2 for Seceders, 2 for Friends, 1 for Lu-
therans, 1 for Independents, 1 for Dunkers, 1 for
Unitarians, and 1 for Swedenborgians.
A marble monument to the memory of General
Wasliington has been recently erected, on an ele-
vation at the north end of Charles street. The
base is 50 feet square, and 23 feet high, on which
is another square of about half the extent and
elevation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in
diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On the
iummit of this column, 163 feet from the ground,
the statue of Washington is to be placed.
The Battle Monument, erected to the memory
of those who fell in bravely defending their city
from the attack of the British on llie 12th and 13th
of Sept. 1814, is a handsome structure of stone, sit-
uated on a large square in Nortli Calvert street.
The names of the persons are to be inscribed on
the column.
The city is generally well built. The houses
are chiefly of brick; many of them are handsome,
5wd some splendid. The principal street igMorket
BAM
8:3
or Baltimore street, 86 feet wide. It runs nearly
east and west, parallel with the harbor, and is in-
tersected by others at right angles. North and
East of the city, the land rises to a considerable
elevation, from which there is a noble view of the
city and harbor.
There are several literary institutions in this
city. A Medical College was founded in 1807.
In 1812 the institution was enlarged, and receiv-
ed a new charter. It is now styled the University
of Maryland, and embraces the departments of
languages, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and di-
vinity. The medical department has 6 Professors,
and is in a veiy flourishing state. There are no
Professors as yet in the other departments. St.
Mary's College has a valuable library, a chemical
and philobophical apparatus, and about 150 stu-
dents. Baltimore college has 2 iristructors, and
about 60 students.
Baltinglass, t. Ireland, Wicklow co. 29 m. S.
W. Dublin.
Balturta, lake, Russia, in Orenburg, 143 m. S.
W. Upha. Lon. 52<^ 4' E. Lat. 50° N.
Baluchistan. See Beloochistan.
Balve, or Balm, t. Prussian states, in the duchy
of Westphalia, on the Hohn, 10 m. S. W. Arens-
berg, 38 N. E. Cologne.
Baltilier, v. Syria, 12 m. fr. Latakia.
Bam. See Bumm.
Bamada, t. S. America, in La Paz, lOO ra. S,
Potosi.
Bamba, the largest and richest provinceof Con-
go, West Africa. It extends along the coast
about 150 miles, from the river Ambriz to the Co-
anza. The city of Bamba is upwards of 70
leagues in the interior, Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat, 7"
2'S.
Bambarra, a large and powerful kingdom of
central Africa, on both sides of the Niger, be-
tween Kaarta on the west, and Tombucloo on the
east. The inhabitants consist of a mixture of
Moors and Negroes. The trade with the coast is
carried on by travelling merchants; that with
Barbary, by tlie Moors, across the desert. Its cap-
ital is Sego.
Bamberg, formerly a bishopric and principality
in Franconia, now included in the Bavarian cir-
cles of the Maine and the Rezat. .Pop. 207,000-
Extent, 1,430 square miles. It yields a revenue
of 150,000/. sterling.
Bamberg, the capital of the circle of the Maine,
in Bavaria, is on the Regnitz, which enters the
Maine a little below the town. It has a cathedral,
which is a vast Gothic edifice ; and a university
which possesses a good library and museum of
natural history. 30 m. N. N. W. Nuremberg.
Long. 10° 35' E. Lat. 49° 36' N. Pop. 20,000.
Bamborough, v. Eng. in Northumberland,
on the sea coast, with a castle close to the sea-
shore, 5 m. E. Belford.
Bambouch, the ancient Magog, or Hieropolii,
city, Syria. It was of an irregular form, envi-
roned by walls, entered by 4 gates. The remains
of several anjcient structures and sculptures are
stiil seen. 50 m. fr. Aleppo.
Bambouk, kingdom of Central Africa, lying be-
tween the Senegal and Gambia ; on the E. bank of
the Faleme, and S. of the kingdom of Gallam. It
is about 100 miles from N. to S. and 80 from E. to
W. It appears to be the main source of that
large quantity of gold, which is on one side con-
vsyed dowti the Gambirxao'i Senegal, snd on tht
o4
B A-N
other across tlie desert into Barbary. The in-
habitants are mostly of the Mauding race, and
profess Mahometanism.
Bambukalasi, i. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 12 m.
N. Deuiziglii.
Bamau-i/, isl. oft" the coast of Chittayong, in
Bengal. Here is an extensive manufacture of
,<alt.
Bamian, city, Persia, on the S. W. side of the
Hindoo Khoosh mountains, 100 m. N. W. Cabul,
170 S. S. E. Balk. The city is cut out of the
mountain, and is said to consist of 12,000 cham-
bers or recesses. Lon. 66° 57' E. Lat. 34° 30' N.
Bammakoo, t. Banibarra, in Africa, on the Ni-
ger, at the cataracts. The town carries on a
great trade in salt. 180 m. S. W. Sego. Lon. 5<^
48' W, Lat. 12° 50' N.
Samoa, t. Ava, on tlie Irrawaddy, 170 m. N. N.
E. Anmierapore.
Bampton, or Bam-pton in the Bush, t. Eng. in
Oxfordshire, 10 m. fr. Oxford. Pop. 1,232.
Bampton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. N. Tiv-
erton, Pop. 1,452.
Banaghan, t. Ireland, King's co. on the Shan-
non, 15 m. S. Athlone.
Banaganpilly, v. Hind, celebrated for its dia-
mond mines. 12 m. W. NundiaL Lon. 79° E.
Lat. 14° 28' N.
Banaru, t. Persia, in Laristan, 30 m. W. Lar.
Banaz, t. in Natolia, 30 m. N. W. Karahissar.
Banbury, t. Eng. Oxford co. 22^ m. N. Oxford,
75 N. W. London. Pop. 2,841.
Banca, island, in the Indian sea, about 130
miles long, and 40 or 50 broad, separated from Su-
matra by the straits of Banca. A vast quantity
of tin is obtained from mines situated in seven dif-
ferent places, which are said to be worked by a
colony of about 10,000 Chinese. From 133
pounds of ore, 75 pounds of metal are obtained ;
and the total produce of the mines amounts to
four millions of pounds annually. It formerly be-
longed to the king of Palembangan, but was ceded
to the British in 1812. In 1814, the British ceded
it to Holland in exchange for Cochin. It was
formerly almost uninhabited, except by miners
and pirates. Lon. 105° 15"— 10G° 40' E. Lat. 1°
27'— 3° 4' S.
Banca, Straits of, between the island of Suma-
tra on the W. and that of Banca on the E. It is
about 102 miles in length.
Banca, isl. off tire N. E. extremity of Celebes.
Lon. 125° E. Lat. 1° 30' N.
Bancalia, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon.
101° 54' E. Lat. 1° 38' N.
Bancapour, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 50 m. E. Dar-
war. Lon. 75° 10' E. Lat. 14° 58' N.
Bankapour, t. Hind, in Mysore, 108 m. N. W.
Seringapatam.
Bancaro, r. Africa, falls into the Coago from
the N.
Banco, t.'S. America, in Carthagena, on the
Magdalena.
Bancock, or Fon, t. Siam, 15 or 16 m. fr. the
sea, on the E. side of the river Meinam, Lon.
101° 10' E. Lat. 13° 40' N.
Buncos, islands on the N. W. coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84° 46' W. Lat. 15° 24' N.
BOncovt, r. Hind, rises in tlie Ghaut mountains
and fails into the sea, near Fort Victoria.
Bnncov-f, or Fort Victoria, isl. Hind, on the
coast of Concan, with a good harbor, 70 m. S.
Bombay. Lon. 72° 55' E. Lat. 17° 56' N.
Bartda Island?, a group of islands about 130 m ,
BAN
K. B. E. Amboyna. They are ten in number ;
and covered with rich black soil. None of them
are large. Lantoir is only 8 miles long, by 2i
broad, and Neira, the next in importance, 2\ miles
long, by I of a mile broad. I'he chief produce
of the Banda islands is nutmegs, for the cultiva-
tion of which Neira, Lantoir, Pulo Ay, and Pulo
Rondo, are laid out in parks or plantations. Each
tree produces about ten pounds yearly. The total
quantity produced in the four islands, was former-
ly estimated at 350,000 pounds of nutmeg annu-
ally, and 100,000 pounds of mace. The cultiva-
tion is only allowed in four of the islands. In all
the others, care is taken to extirpate the tree ;
and in those islands where the nutmeg is cultiva-
ted, the trade is held under a strict monopoly.
These islands draw a Large portion of their pro-
visions from Batavia. The Dutch were the first
European occupiers of the Banda islands ; but in
1796 the British took possession of them without
resistance. They were restored in 1801 ; again
captured in 1810, and again restored at the gen-
eral peace of 1814. Lon. 130° E. Lat. 4° 30' S.
Bandell, t. Bengal, 2 m. above Hoogly.
Bander ^ibassi. See Gomberoon.
Banderas, bay, on the W. coast of Mexico, be-
tween Cape Corrientes and Tintoque point Lat.
20° 30' N.
Bandi, t. Africa, in Lower Guinea, on an island
at the mouth of Bandi river.
Banditti Island, at the S. entrance of the straits
of Lombock. Lon. 1 15° 35' E. Lat 8° 50' S.
Bandonbridge, t. Ireland, Cork co. on the river
Bandon. Linens, camblets, and coarse woollen
stuffs are manufactured here. Pop. 14,120. U'.
m. fr. Cork.
Bandore, t. Hind, on the island of Salsette, 6
m. N. Bombay.
Baneas, t Syria, 34 m. N. Tripoli,
Banee, isl. in the English channel, 3 m, S. W.
Ushant. Lon. 4° 55' W. Lat. 48'^ 25' N.
Banff, a maritime county of Scotland, bounded
N, by Murray frith, S. and E. by Aberdeen co,
and W. by Elgin and Inverness. It contains 622
square miles, and 36,668 inhabitants.
Banff, s-p. Scotland, in Banff co. at the mouth
of the Derevon, where there is an indifferent har-
bour, owing to tlie shifting of sand banks. 4A
m. N. W. Aberdeen. Lon. 2° 25' W, Lat. 57^
38' N, Pop. 2,860.
Bangalore, t. Hind, in Mysore, formerly the
capital of a kingdom. Its principal manufactures
are woollen cloths, and silk. A great trade !#"
carried on in betel-nut, black pepper, and sandal-
wood. The situation is healthy, being elevate('
about 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. In
1819, the London Miss. Society sent out 2 mission-
aries to occupy this station. 74 m. N. E. Sering-
apatam, 21 5 W. Madras. Lon. 77° 46' E. Lat. 12'='
57' N.
Bangey, a cluster of islands in the Molucca pas-
sage. Lon. 124° 15' E. Lat 1° 45' S.
Bango, isl. near Siam. Lon. 98° 42' E. Lat.
7° 48' N.
Bangor, city and bishop's see, Wales, in Caer-
narvonshire, on a bay in the Menai straits. Pop.
of the parish, 2,393. 251 m. N. W. London.
Bangor, v. Wales, in Flintshire, on the Dee.
Bangor, t. Ireland, Down co. 90 m. N, E. Dub-
hn.
Bangor, p-t. and cap. Penobscot co. Maine, on
the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of nav-
igation ; 35 m. N. Castine } and 52 from Owl's
BAN
Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay. Pop. in
1810, 850. It is not open for shipping during the
winter, but at other seasons is of very eiisy ac-
cess for vessels of almost any size, and the river is
open at all times within 12 miles to Frankfort.
Bangor will be the natural market for a large
portion of the interior of Maine. It is a flourish-
ing place, and contains a court-house, bank, and
printing-office. A Theological Seminary has been
recently established here, styled "The Maiae
Charity School." It is under the direction of
2 professors and a preceptor. Its design is to pre-
pare young men for the ministry by a shorter
course of study than is usual. The qualifications
for admission, are a knowledge of English gram-
mar, arithmetic and Latin grammar, and some ac-
quaintance with the Latin classics. The term of
study is four years.
Bangor, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. 15 m. W. Ma-
)one.
Bangue, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic,
Lat. 7° 42' N.
Bang-uey, isl, off the N. coast of Borneo. Lon.
n70 25'E.Lat. 7° 15' N.
Banhanghur, t. Hind. 88 m. S. S. W, Benares.
Banho, t. Portugal, in Beira, 10 m. N. E. V^i-
seu.
Banlii/bazar, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly, 15 m. N,
Calcutta.
Baniak, isl. off W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 96°
48' E. Lat. 2° 10' N.
Banjalvka, or Bagnaluka, fort and t. Turkey,
iVi Bosnia. 144 m. \V.- Belgrade, Lon. 17° 9' E.
Lat, 45° 4' N,
Banjar Massin, t. and district, Borneo, on a
river of that name, which falls into the sea near
the S. extremity of the island. The district pro-
duces diamonds, gold dust, iron, canes, and pep-
per, the last of which is its staple commodit}'. The
Dutch have a fort and factory here. Lon. 114°
55' E. Lat. 3° S.
Banica, t. St. Domingo, 40 m. S, E. Cape Fran-
cois.
Bankala, isl. off the coast of Celebes. Lon. 122°
51' E. Lat. 2° 30' S.
Bankapour, fort, Hind, in Mysore, on the river
Budra, 9 m. N, W, Seringapatam.
Bankodang, in the Eastern Indian sea. Lon.
118° 2' E. Lat. 5° 12' S.
Bankok. See Bancock.
Banks, Cape, the N. E. point of Botany Bay, on
the E. coast of New Holland.
Bank'^s Island, New Zealand, 60 miles in
circumference, and visible at the distance of 12 or
15 leagues. 15 m, from Tavai Poenammoo, Lat
43° 32' S. Lon. 186° 30' W.
Bank''s Island, near the N. W. coaet of Amer-
ica, about 60 m. long, and 5 broad. Lon. 129°
45' to 130° 10' W, Lat. 53° 30' N,
Bank's Port, a harbour on the N. W, coast of
America. Lon. 185° W. Lat, 56° 40' N,
Bankybazar, t. Bengal, on the bank of the Hoog-
ly 16 m, N, Calcutta,
Bann, r. Ireland, passes through Lough Neagh,
and runs into the North sea, 4 m. N. W. Colerain.
Bannalec, t. France, in Finisterre, 4 m, S, E,
Rosperden. Pop, 4,760,
Bannbridge, v, Ireland, Down co, 12 m. N, N, E
Newry.
Bannec, isl. in the E)iglish channel, near the
coast of France. Lon. 4° 55' W. Lat. 48° 25' N.
Bannockburn, v. Scotland, Stirlingshire, on the
BaiiKOck ; famous for a batUe, betweeu the Scotch
BAR
SB
and English, June 1314, in which the English were
defeated ; and for another between James III. and
his subjects in 1488. 4 m. E, Stirling, 31 W. Ed-
inburgh.
Bannow, a-p. Ireland, 11 m, E, S. E, Water-
ford.
Bams, t. Spain, in Leone, 30 m. from Placentia,
in Estremadura, Here are baths recommended
for rheumatisms and nervous complaints. Its
vines produce annually 15,000 arobas of wine.
Bantam, kingdom on the N, W. coast of Java,
belonging to the Dutch- Bantam, the capital,
stands about a mile from the sea, in a low marshy
situation, on Bantam river, 61m. W. Batavia, It
was once the chief resort of vessels froai Europe,
but its trade is transferred to otlier channels, and
the bay and harbour are so much choaked up
with accessions of earth washed down from the
mountains, and the growth of coral shoals, as to
be inaccessible to ships of burden,
Banteln, v. Hanover, in the principality of Ca-
lenberg, 18 m. E. Hameln,
Bantry, t. Ireland, on Bantry Bay, 40 m, S, W,
Cork.
Bantry Bay, on S. W. coast of Ireland, about
25 miles long by 6 or 8 broad, with between 10
and 40 fathoms of water. It affords a very fmc
harbour for shipping. Lon. 9° 24' to 9° 45' E.
Lat. 51° 30' to 51° 40' N.
Banyouwangy, Dutch settlement on the coast of
Java, It is sometimes covered with ashes, from a
volcano on tlie island of Bali, Lon. 114° 20' E.
Lat. 8° 15' S,
Baol, kingdom W, Africa, between the SenegsdL
and Gambia,
Bapaume, t, France, in Pas-de-Calais, 18 S. E.
Arras. Lon. 2° 51' 7" E. Lat, 50° 6' 12" N,
Bapaume, or Maromme, r, France, falls into the
Seine below Rouen.
Bapopas, t. in the interior of New Albion. Lat^.
37° 45' N. Lon. 1 14° 25' W. See New Albion.
Bar, or Barr, t. France, in Lower Rhine, It
trades in corn, cattle, wine, and brandy, and has
manufactures of linen and other cloths. 16 n*.
S, W, Strasburg, Pop, 4, 100,
Bar, or Baer, t, Russia, in Podolia, on the rivev
Kow. 45 m. E. N. E, Kaminioc, Lon. 27° 52^
E, Lat, 49° 5' N,
Bar, V. France, in Var, 4 m. N. E. Grassc,
Bar, t. Hind, on the Ganges, in Behar. Lon.
95° 50' E, Lat. 25° 18' N.
Baraha, plain, Siberia, in Tomsk, between the
rivers Irtisch, Oby, and the Altaian mountains.
Baracan, t. Hungary, at the influx of the Gran
into the Danube, 2 m.N. Gran. The circle of Bar-
acan contains 26 villages.
Babacoa, s-p. Cuba, 50 m, N, E. St,Jagode Cu-
ba.
Baracoe, s-p, on the Gold coast of Africa, Lon.
1°25'W, Lat, 5°28'N,
Baragon, isl, near the island of Salsette, on the
W, coast of Hindostan,
Baraiche, district, Hind, separated from Nc-
paul by a lofty range of mountains.
Baranei-Stanitz, t. Siberia, on the Lena, 52 m.
N. E.Vitimskoi. Lon. 113° 14' E. Lat, 54° 50' N.
Barania, r. Mexico, runs into the Pacific, lat,
■ 22° N.
Baranov, cape, Siberia, on the shore of the Fro-
zen ocean. Mammoth's tusks, of 115 pounds
weight, have been found here, Lat, 69° 29' N.
Baranya, county, Hungary, on the Danube. It
is rich in grain, fruit, cattJe, andgr^m". Pop.
BAR
BAR
140,000 ; consisting of Hungarians, German?,
Russians, and Croats.
Barataria. See Barraiaria.
Barato, Porto, s-p. Italj', in Piombino, on the
coast, with a harbour.
Barau, t. Bohemia, on the Blanitz, 60 m. S.
Prague.
Barbacoa, isl. in the Atlantic, within the gulf of
Darien.
Barbacoas, city. New G renada, near the coast,
120 m. N. Quito, 110 W. S. W. Popayan.
Barbacoas, t in Venezuela, at the source of
Tucuyo river ; another on the E. of Lake Mara-
Cciibo, 75 S. Venezuela.
Barbadoes, one of the Caribbees, and the most
eastern of the W. India islands. Lat. 13° 10' N.
Lon. 59° W. The earl of Marlborough obtained
from James I. a grant of the island, in 1624, and
laid the foundation of James Town. It is 21 miles
long, 14 broad, and contains 106,470 acres. It
lies 20 leagues E. of St. Vincent, 25 from St. Lu-
cia, 28 S. E. Martinico, 60 N. E. Trinidad, and
100 S. E. St. Christopher's. It is divided into 5
districts and 11 parishes ; chief t. Bridgetown.
Pop. in 1811, 16,289 whites ; 3,392 free people of
colour; 62,258 slaves. In 1810, the imports were
311,400/. Exports, 271,597/. Owing to the
hurricanes, the population and produce of the isl-
and have diminished. From 1740 to 1786, the
annual exports declined from 13,948 hogsheads of
sugar to 9,554 ; from 12.884 puncheons of rum to
5,448, &c. The United Brethren, and the Wes-
leyan Methodists have each a missionary here, and
the Church Missionary Society supports a school
for the education of the negroes.
Barbantane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
5 m. S. W. Avignon.
Bqrbarano, t. Venetian territory, in Vicentino,
12 m. E. Aviano.
Barbary, or the Barbary Slates, an extensive
country lying along the northern coast of Africa,
bounded N. by the Mediterranean, S. by the Saha-
ra or Great Desert, and W. by the Atlantic. It
is intersected through nearly its whole extent by
the celebrated Atlas range of mountains, which
run parallel with the coast. Between this chain
and the sea is a valley, from 50 to 200 miles bi-oad,
which constitutes the cultivated land of Barbary.
This tract is well watered, and exhibits an exu-
berant fertility, producing wheat, olives, almonds,
and delicious fruits. The tract between the Atlas
range and the desert is to a great extent sandy
and barren, but produces dates in such abun-
dance, that it is called Biledulgerid, or the coun-
try of dates. The cl imate of Barbary is temperate
and pleasant. The plague, however, occasion-
ally visits it, and leprosy is very common. Among
the animals are lions, leopards, and enormous
serpents, some of which are venomous. The
inhabitants may be divided into 4 classes. 1. The
Moors, who are the ruling people, and constitute
the mass of the population in all the cities. They
■are among the most vicious and profligate people
on the earth. They are pirates, and formerly com-
mitted great depradations in the Mediterranean,
on tiie commerce of Christian nations. 2. The
Jews, who are the principal merchants, and are
continually insulted and most cruelly oppressed
by the Moors. 3. The Arabs, who live in tents,
in independent tribes, and wander with their
flocks and herds in the interior districts, on the
borders of tlie desert. 4. The Brebers, who are
fle,scendants of the ancient natives, and inhabit the
mountainous disti'icts. They live in fixed villa-
ges, and cultivate the ground. The religion of
all these classes, except the Jews, is Mahometan-
ism. The names of the Barbary states are Mo-
rocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
Barbary, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. 134 m. W. Ra-
leigh.
Barber''s, p-v. Fauquier co. Va.
Barbary Point, Africa, the N. cape at the mouth
of Senegal river. Lat. W^ N.
Barbas, cape, on the W. coast of Africa, near
the mouth of St. Cyprian river. Lat. 22° N.
Barbastre, s-p. France, isl. of Noirmoutier, in
La Vendee.
Barbata, r. Algiers, falls into the Taphna, 1 m.
S. Tackumbreet.
Barbela, or Verbela, r. Africa, the S. branch of
the Zaire or Congo, supposed to rise in Matamba.
Barberi.no, t. Italy, in Tuscany, between Flor-
ence and Sienna.
Barberino di Valdelsa, t. Tuscany, in Certaldo,
on the Sieve, at the foot of the Appennines, 18 m.
N. Florence.
Burbezieux, t. France, in Charente, 28 m. S. E.
Saintes. Pop. 2,740.
Barbing, v. Bavaria, on tlie S. bank of the Dan-
ube, below Ratisbou,
Barbovrsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. 87 m. N. W;
Richmond.
Barbourville, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Ken. 124
m. S. Frankfort. Pop. 55.
Barbonne, t. France, in Marne, 5 m. S. W. Se-
zanne.
Barbuda, one of the Caribbee islands, 21 miles
long, 12 wide. 12 leagues N. E. Antigua, 24 N.
N. E. St. Christopher's. Lon. 61° 46' W. Lat.
17° 36' N.
Barbuc, r. U. S. runs into Lake Michigan from
the S. Jl between Raisin and Maramee rivers ;
72 m. N. Fort St. Joseph's. Another in Canada,
runs into Lake Erie, 40 m. W. Long-point.
Barburata, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon.
86O50'W. Lat. I60 26'N.
Barby, county of the Prussian states on the
Elbe, between Magdeburg and Anholt.
Barby, chief t. Barby co. on the Elbe, near the
junction of the Saale, 14 ra. S. S. E. Magdeburg,
Pop. 2,814.
Barca, country, Africa, on the coast, between
Tripoli and Egypt. It belongs to Tripoli. Chief
t. Derne. Its sea-port, Barca, is in lon. 20° 25
E. lat. 32° 26' N.
Barcelona, city, Spain, in Catalonia, on the
Mediten-anean. The harbor, though spacious, is
difficult of entrance. The manufactures are cal-
ico, silk, woollen, and cotton goods ; excellent
muskets, pistols, swords, and other small arms.
The imports are French and Italian manufactured
goods ; corn, rice, timber from the Baltic ; yellow
wax from Barbary, iron from Sweden, steel from
England and Styria, hemp from Riga and St. Pe-
tersburgh, linen, copper, bi-ass, and wire, from
Germany, and codfish from Newfoundland. The
town is elegantly built, has nine parish churches,
34 cloisters, six colleges, si-:; hospitals, one of which
is fitted up to contain 3,000 sick ; a theatre, and
dock-yard. It is the see of a bishop. It is strongly
fortified, but, on the 16th February 1808, it was
surprised by a body of French troops under gene-
ral Duhesme, and continued in possession of the
French until 1814. 39 m. E. N. E. Tarragona.
276 E. N, E. Madrid. Lon. 2° 9' 57" E. Lat
41° 21' 44" N. Pop. 111,500. »
BAR
Barcelona, t. on the northern coast of S. Ameri-
ca, capital of a district of the same name. It has
been an emporium for great quantities of contra-
band goods imported from Trinidad, and dispers-
ed over the adjacent provinces. It is 42 m. W. of
Cumana. Pop. 14,000.
Barcelona River. See J^everi.
Barcelonetta, i. Spain, S. E. of Barcelona, be-
tween its harbor and the light-house. Pop.
10,000.
Barcellonelte, formerly a province of France
now included in Lower Alps.
Barcellonette, t. France, in Lower Alps. Near
it is a passage across the Alps to Coni : 36 m. N.
W. Nice.
Bard, fort, in Piedmont, on the Doria, 17 m. S.
S. E. Aosta.
Bardes^ isl. N. of Goa, on the W. coast of Hind.
Bardemck, t. duchy of Luneburg, on the Elme-
nau, 4 m. N. Luneburg, formerly a trading town
of great note.
Bardi, t. Italy, in Parma, the head of a mar-
quisate, 26 m. W. Parma.
Bardinetto, t. Piedmont, on the Appenines, 10
m. S. Ceva.
Bardistan, cape in the Persian gulf. Lon. 5P
15' E. Lat. 28° N.
Bardoneche, t. Piedmont, in a valley, 18 m. W.
SUSSL
Bardsey, isl. on the coast of Wales. Lon. 5° 4'
W. Lat. 52° 48' N.
Barejields, p-t. Liberty co. S. Carolina, 41 m. fr.
Washington.
Barford, t. Richelieu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada. S. E. Montreal on the Province
line.
Barege, or Barreges, v. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 10 m. S. Bagneres. It is famed for its min-
eral waters.
Bareilly, city. Hind. cap. of Bareilly district, on
the Saukra ; 40 miles east of the Ganges, 805
N. W. of Calcutta. Lon. 79° 21' E. Lat. 28° 22'
N. It is large and populous, and the seat of the
British Judicial establishment for the district, and
is one of the stations of the Church Missionary So-
ciety. The district was ceded to the British gov-
ernment in 1802, and bids fair to become one of
the finest parts of the Enghsh dominions in the east.
Barelon, el, Lybia, the ancient Parcetonium,
150 m. W. Alexandria.
Bareniin, t. France, in Lower Seine, 8 m. W.
Rouen.
Barenton, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. S. E.
Mortain. Pop. 3,120.
Bareuth. See Baj/reuth.
Barffieur, s-p. France, in La Manche. Here
William the Conqueror equipped the expedition
which effected the conquest of England. 12 m.
E. Cherbourg. The promontory of Barfleur is 18
m. E. Cherbourg. Lon. 1° 17' W. Lai. 49° 40' N.
Barga, t. and cap. of a vicariat in the grand
duchy of Tuscany, on the Serchio, 6 m. fr. Luc-
ca. Pop. 9,000.
Bargaintown, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. 88 m. S,
Trenton.
"Barge, or Barges, t. Piedmont, at the foot of
the Alps, a little N. W, Saluzzo, 8 m. S. Pignerol.
Pop. 6,900.
Bargoosin, t. Russia, in Nertchinsk, on the Bar-
goozina, 348 m. N. E. Irkutsk.
Barguzin, r. Siberia, ran? into lake Baikal,
near Bargumnsk.
BAR
87.
Bargusiiisk v. and fort, Siberia, on Lake Bai-
kal, 104 m. N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 110° 14' E. Lat.
53° 30' N.
Barham, t. Eng. Kent co. On Barham Downs
the Canterbury races are held. 6 m. fr. Canter-
bury.
Bari, province of Naples, on the gulf of Venice.
Pop. 290,000. Bari, its chief town, is a place of
considerable trade; on the gulf; 18 m. E. S. E.
Trani, and 120 E. N. E. Naples, and contains
18,000 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Barjac, t. France, in Gard, 18 m. N. E. Alais.
Barima, Point, on the S. side of the entrance
into the Orinoco, N. Lat. 8° 45'.
Barinas. See Farinas.
Barjols, or Barjoux, t. France, in Var, 27 m.
N. Toulon.
Bariquisimeto. See Barquisimtlo.
Barkadares, part of the Logwood country, E.
side of Yucatan, on the river Balize. It has
Hicks Keys on the S. and South Lagoon on the N.
Lat. 11° 45' N. Lon. 89'^ W.
Barkharmted, p-t Litchfield co. Ct. 20 m. N. E.
Litchfield; Pop. 1,506.
Barking, t. Eng. Essex co. 7 m. E. London.
Pop. 2,421. Its inhabitants are fishermen, who
supply Billingsgate with fish.
Barkisland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. fr. Hali-
fax. Pop. 2.096.
Barkway, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 34i m. fr.
London.
Barlaimont, eounty of France, on the Sam-
bre, in North, 12 m. S. E. Le Quesnoy.
Barlanga, t. Spain, on the Douro, in Old Cas-
tile, 15 m. S. E. Osma.
Barlat, t. Moldavia, on Barlat river, 60 m. N.
W. Galate. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat. 46° 12' N.
Bark, r. Eng. flows into the Exe, 5 m. below
Dulverton.
Burlenga, isL off the coast of Portugal. Lon. 9^
24' W. Lat. 39^^ 20' N.
Barletta, s-p. Naples, on the gulf of Venice.
Pop. 15,925. 25 m. W. Bari, 100 E. N. E. Naples.
Barloiv, t. Washington co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Mari-
etta.
Barlow's Cove, on the N. coast of Admiralty isl.
Lon. 225° 14' E. Lat. 58° 22' N.
Barmouth, s-p. Wales, Merioneth co. at tlie
mouth of the Maw, 8 m. S. W. Dolgelly ; much re-
sorted to for sea-bathing.
Barmstadt, or J^ew Ranzaw, co. Denmark, in
Holstein. It consists of the castle of Ran/aw, the
market town of Barmstadt, and several villages.
The town is 17 m. N. N. W. Hamburgh.
Barnagore, t. Bengal, on the bank of tlie Hoog-
ly 3 m. above Calcutta.
Barnard, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 21 m. N. W.
Windsor ; Pop. 1,648.
Barnard, p-t. Meigs co. Ohio.
Barnard's Castle, t. Eng. Durham co. on the
Tees. Pop. 2,986. 216 m. N. London.
Barnaul, t. Siberia, on a river which falls into
the Obe, 100 m. S. E. Kolhyvane. It consists of
1,000 houses, and istlieseatof chancery of the mines
in the Altaian mountains. One of the mines is
very productive in gold and silver. Here are a
foundery of bells and manufactories for glass and
tiles, which employ 4,000 Peasants.
Barnby-upon-Dun, t. Eng. Yorksliire, 5 m. E.
Doncaster.
Barnegat, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
5 m, S, Poughkeepsie. Lime is maufactured in
BAR
BAR
this place ia large quantities and seat to j\ew-
York.
Barnf gat-hay, or Inlet, on the E. coast of N. J.
in Monmouth co. 68 m. N. E. Cape May. The
Beach extends from tlie inlet S. W. 16 miles to lit-
tle Egg-harbor. Lat. 39° 47' 30" N. Lon. 74° 13'
W.
Bamesley, t. Eng. Yorkshire. It has manufac-
tures of iron, wire, nails, hardware, bottles, linen,
and cotton. Pop. 5,014. 12 m. fr. Rotherham.
Bamestoun, p-t. Montgomery co. Md. 36 m. fr.
Washington.
BamesviUe, p-t. Belmont co. Ohio ; 11 m. S. W.
St. Clairsville.
Barnet, or Chipping Barnet, t. Eng, Hertford-
shire, 1 1 m. N. London.
Barnet, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 15m. N.Newbury; Pop. 1,301.
BameV s-tavern, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. 59 m.
W. Washington.
Bamereldt, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Guelder-
land. Pop. 4,770. 10 m. E. S. E. Amersford.
Barnevelt s Islands, on the S. shore of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 66° 58' W. Lat. 55° 40' S.
Barneyville, t. France, in La Manche. Pop.
840. 15 m. S. S. W. Cherbourg.
Barnim, circle in the Middle mark of Branden-
burg, divided into Upper and Lower : Pop. of the
Upper, 40,000 ; of the Lower, including the city
Beriin, 175,500.
Bamoldsuick, t. Eng. Yorkshire. 12 m. fr. Settle.
Bai-nslable, co. Mass. in the S, E. part of the
state. It comprises the whole of the peninsula of
Cape Cod, and is separated from Plymouth co. by
a narrow isthmus extending from Barnstable bay
to Buzzard's bay. Pop. 22,21 1 . The soil is prin-
cipally sandy and barren, and the inhabitants de-
pend on the sea for subsistence.
Barnstable, s-p. and cap. Barnstable go. Mass.
on Barnstable bay, 68 m, S, S. E. Boston. Pop.
3,646. The harbor has a bar which prevents the
entrance of large vessels. The inhabitants are
largely concerned in navigation and the fisheries.
The amount of shipping in 1815 was 15,964 tons.
Barnstaple, s-p, and bor. Eng, Devonshire, on
the Taw. It has a manufacture of baize and
woollens for Plymouth market. Pop. 4,019. 36
m, N, N. W. Exeter.
Bamstead, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, S.
E. Montreal on the Province line. Pop, 500,
Bamstead, p-t. Strafford co. N.H. 26 m, N. E.
Concord. Pop. 1,477,
Barn-tavern, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Baroche sous Luce, la, t. France, in Ome, 29 m.
W. Alencon.
Baronstown, t. Ireland, Louth co. 6 m. W, N.
W. Dundalk.
Barquisimeto, city S. America, in Venezuela,
120 m. W. S. W. Caraccas. It is on an elevated
plain and cooled by the almost constant N. E.
wind. The houses are well built, and the streets
are wide. Pop. 11,300. Its trade is in cattle,
sugar, wheat, cocoa, coffee.
Barr, r, Ireland, runs into the Foyle, near Lif-
ford,
Barr, Great, t. Eng, Staffordshire, 2 m. fr,
Wakall,
Barra, v, Italy, in Napl«!s, near the city of Na-
ples. Pop. 5,250.
Barra, isl. in the North sea, 27 m. fr. Cape
Wrath, Lon. b° 40' W. Lat. 58° 58' N,
Barra, kingdom. West- Africa, at the mouth of
the Gambia. 18 leagues long and 14 broad.
Barra Inding, the capital of Barra, ueai point
Barra, on N, side of the Gambia,
Barraconda, t. W. Africa, on the Gambia, at the
falls, 400 m. above its mouth. The tide flows up
to this place. Loa. 13° W. Lat, 13° 36' N.
Barrada, or Barradys. See Abana.
Barragan, r, Buenos Ayres, runs into the Plata.
Barragon, Bay, in the river Plata, 12 m, below
Buenos Ayres, Ships discharge their cargoes in
Lighters in the roadstead of Buenos Ayres, and
wait here for their outward cargoes,
Barrai Sciahiat, or desert of J^atron, in Egypt,
W. of the Delta, and S. of lake Mareotis, It con-
tains two lakes, Nedebe and Lebe, from which
Natron is obtained.
Barramoul, district, S,part of India, between 12°
and 14° N. Lat,
Barranca, s-p. Peru, Lat. 10° 55' S.
Barranca, v. New-Grenada, on the Madalena,
the port through which all goods are brought to
and carried from Granada; 18 m. fr. the sea.
Also the name of several inconsiderable settle-
ments.
Barraiaria, bay, Louisiana, in the gulf of Mexi-
co, west of the Balize, Lon, 90° W. In the mouth
of this bay there is an island remarkable for its
healtti, and its strength as a military position.
Both ends of the island were fortified in 181), by
the pirates under M. la Fitte. The bay affords a
safe and capacious harbor for light ships of war
and merchant vessels. In time, this may become a
place of importance, as by a late survey of the
country in its rear, it is found that there is a dis-
trict of half a million of acres of the first rate su-
gar lands,
Barraux, or Fort Barreaux, France, on the
Isere, 18 m. N. E. Grenoble. Pop. 1,320.
Barray, isl, one of the Hebrides of Scotland
Pop. 1,969.
Barre, t. France, in Lozere, 7 m. S. Florae.
Barre, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 7 ra. S. E. Mont ■
pelier ; Pop. 1,669.
Barre, p-t. Worcester co, Mass. 24 m, N. W.
Worcester; Pop. 1,971. It has good pastures, and
contributes a large quantity of beef,, butter and
cheese for the market.
Barre, t. Genesee co. N. Y, 12 m, N. Batavia,
Barre, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop. 1,053,
Barre, Point, on the W, coast of an island
between King George's island and Prince of
Wales's archipelago. Lon., 226° 32* E, Lat, 56°
25' N.
Barreiras, r, Brazil, runs into the Atlantic. Lat.
19° 45' S,
Barreme,t. France, in Lower Alps, 11 m. S.
Digne.
Barren Island, in the bay of Bengal, 18 miles in
circumference, containing a volcano 1,800 feet
above the level of the sea, which discharges col-
umns of smoke and showers of red hot stones,
some of them 3 or 4 tons weight. Lat. 12° 15' N.
Barren Island, in Bass straits, between Great
Island on the N. and Clarke's island on the S.
Lon. 148° 10' E. Lat. 40° 23' S.
Barren Isles, about 3 leagues fr. Cape Eliza-
beth, the N. E. point of Cook's inlet, Lon. 200°
33' E. Lat. 58° 56' N,
Barren, co. Ken. on the S. side of Green river.
Pop, 11,286, Slaves, 1,724. Chief t. Glasgow.
Barren, r. Ken. runs N. W, into Green river,
between Logan and Warren counties. The mouth
of Little Barren riA'er is 50 miles above.
BAR
B A S
89
Barrems, Cape, on the coast of Patagonia. Lat.
aO^^ S.
Baniga JVegra, r. S. America, in Buenos Ayres,
rises 160 miles IM. E. Monte Video, falls into lake
Meri.
Barringfnn, t. Queen's co. Nova Scotia, on the
S. side of the bay of Fundy.
Barringlon, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 20m. N. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 3,564. Alum is found here. A
branch of Agamenticus mt. passes tlirough this
town.
Barringlon, p-t. Bristol co. R. I. on Warren riv-
er, 7 m. S. E. Providence ; Pop. 604.
Barrington, Cape, the S. E. point of Santa
Cruz, or Egmont island. Lon. 164° 32' E. Lat.
10° 58' S.
Barrington, Great, p-t. and the second in rank
in Berkshire co. Mass. S. of Stockbridge, ad-
joining ; 140 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,784.
Barro, Cape, on the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 1030 35' E. Lat. 0° 6' N.
Barro, Punta de Arena, on the N. W. coast of
America, in lat. 38° 56' N. Lon. 236° 44' E.
Barroloos, nation, in the interior of S. Africa, N.
ofLatakoo.
Barrow, t. and parish Eng. Leicestershire, on
the Soar, 2 m. fr. Mountsorrel.
Barrow, n Ireland, rises in Queen's coun-
ty, and is joined by the Nore and the Suir, and
falls into the sea at Waterford bay.
Barrow, Point, a cape on the S. coast of Ire-
land, 5 m. E. Kinsalc. Lon. 8° 21' W. Lat. 51°
43' N.
Barroivford, t. Eng. Lancashire, 4 ra. fr. Cli-
theroe.
Barrifsville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C
Barsac, t. France, on the Garonne, 18 m. S. E.
Bourdeaux.
Barseh, or Bars, county of Hungary. Pop.
86,000. It contains the two mining towns, Krem-
nitz and Koenigsberg, 12 market towns, and 188
villages.
Barsdorf, v. Silesia, 2 m. S. E. Liegnitz.
Barsoe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon.
9°35'E.Lat. 5507'N.
Barston, hamlet, Eng. Warwickshire, 7 m. fr.
Kenilworth.
Bar-sur-Aube, t. France, on the Aube. 30 m.
E. by S. Troyes. Pop. 3,600.
Bar-sur-Oma/M, {ormerly Bar-le- Due, t. France
on the Ornain, in Maese. 42 m. W. of Nancy, 133
E. Paris. Pop. 10,000.
Bar-sur-Seine, t. France, in Aube. Pop. 2,270.
18 m. S. E. Troyes.
Bart, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,099.
Bartenstein, t. East Prussia, in Nalangen, on
the river AUe. 28 m. S. Konigsberg. Pop. 3,450.
Bartfeldt, t. Hungary, Sarosch co. Pop. 3,800.
Near the town are two chalybeate springs, and
two baths.
Barth, or Bardt, s-p. of the Prussian states, in
Hitli£r Pomerania, principality of Barth. Pop.
3,240. It exports corn and wool to Sweden ; it
has also several dock-yards. 12 m. N. W. Stral-
sund.
Bartha de. Nestes, La, t. France, in Upper Py-
renees, 18 m. S. E. Tarbes.
Barlholemy, r. Louisiana, falls into the Wachi-
ta from the N. E. On its banks are good lands,
which are cultivated by settlers, considerably nu-
merous.
Barthen. ^ee Barten.
Bartholomew, Cape, the S. point of Staten-Land,
in Le Maire straits, E.of Terra del Fuego.
Bariletl, p-t. Coos co. N. H. 60 m. N. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 436.
Barton, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 7 m. fr. Richmond.
Barton, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Burling-
ton bay, at Ihe west extremity of lake Ontario.
Barton, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 39 N. N. E. Mont-
pelier. Pop. 447.
Barton, r. Vt, runs N. N. E. into lake Mem-
phramagog.
Barton on Humber, t. Eng. Lincolnshire, op-
posite Hull. Pop. 2,204.
Barton on Irwell, t. Eng. Lancashire, 7 m. from
Manchester. Pop. 6,948.
Barton under Keedwood, t. Eng. Staffordshire,
4i m. fr. Burton.
Barton,''s Creek, Tennessee, runs into the Cum-
berland, 10 m. above Clarksville.
Bartrach, isl. Ireland, in the bay of Killala, at
the mouth of Moy river.
Bartran, port, on tiie S. coast of Newfound-
land.
Bartsch, r. Silesia, falls into the Oder, 7 m.
above Great Glogau.
Baru, isl. off the coast of Carthagena.
Barus. See Baros.
Baruth, t. of the Prussian states, duchy of Sax-
ony, 22 m. S. S. E, Potsdam.
Bas, or Batz, isl. France, in the English chan-
nel. Lon. 4° 1' 5" W. Lat. 48° 45' 40 " N.
Basarschick, or Bazardgik, t. Eu. Turkey, 15
m. N. W. Philippopoli.
Baschi, v. Italy, in the states of the Church, on
the Tiber, 9 m. S. W. Todi.
Basel. See Bale.
Bas- en-Basset, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 3 n).
N. W. Monistrol. Pop. 5, 1 00.
Basford, t. Eng. 3 m. N. Nottingham.
Bashan, in Sac. Geog. country, E. of the Jor-
dan and lake Tiberias, Besides villages, it con-
tained 60 fenced cities. It was famous for its cag-
tle. It is now called El-Bottin.
Basliee Islands, 5 in number, in the Chinese
sea, viz. Orange, Monmouth, Grafton, Coats, and
Bashee. Lon. 122° E. Lat. 20° 28' to 20° 55' N.
Bashilo, r. x\byssinia, separates Begamder from
Amhara, and falls into the Bahr-el-Aaergue, 30
ra. S. E. Alata.
Bashmut, district, Egypt, on the N. E. of tlie
Delta.
Basiento, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Ta-
rento.
Basilan, one of the Philippine islands, off the
S. W. extremity of Magindanao, 60 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 121° E. Lat. 5° 50' N.
Basilicata, or Matera, province io Naples, on
the Tuscan sea and gulf of Tarento, and inter-
sected by the Appennines.
Basilipotamo, r. Cyprus, runs into the sea, 15
m. E. Limasol.
Basilipotamos, the ancient Eurotas, r. Eu. Tur-
key, in the S. of the Morea, runs near the site of
ancient Sparta, and falls into the gulf of Kolo-
kytia.
Basing, Old, in Hants, 2i m. fr. Basingstoke.
Basingstoke, market t. and parish, Eng. in
Hants. It has four charitv and free schools. Pop.
2,656. 47 ra. W. London.
Basin Harbor, p-v. Addison co. Vt. in the town-
ship ol Ferrisburgh. on lake Champlain.
Basin. Minas., a larsre bodv ol" wa#or. at the F.
12
90
B A S
BAT
end of the Bay of FunJy. The lands around it
are good, watered by many rivers. Tides rise
here 40 feet.
Baskenridge, p-t. Somerset co. N. J. 7 m. S. S.
W. Morristown. Gen. Lee was taken prisoner
here, Dec. 13, 1776.
Bosnian, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lat. 25°
'34' N.
Basques, Les, or French Biscay, district, on the
bay of Biscay. It has the river Adour and the
Landes on the N. Beam on the E. and the Pyre-
nees on the S. and is now included in Lower-Py-
renees.
Basques Mer de. See Bayonne, Bay of.
BasqueviUe, t. France, in Lower Seine, 10 m.
S. W. Dieppe.
Basrode, t. Netherlands, on the Scheldt, near
Dendermonde.
Bass, a rocky islet of Scotland, in the fritli of
Forth.
Bass, r. East Greenland, runs into the sea. Lon.
50° 10' W. Lat. 64° 30' N.
Bass Straits, separate New Holland from Van
Diemen's Land, and are 50 leagues in length, and
the same in breadth. Groups of islands lie in the
straits, rendering the navigation dangerous. liOn,
147° E. Lat. 40° S.
Bassa, t. Thibet, on tlie Ganges, 46 m. N. W.
Sirinagur.
Bassa, s-p. W. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon.
7° 5' W. Lat. 4° 40' N.
Bassac, t. France, in Charente, 15 m. E. S. E.
Saintes ; another, 2i m. N. N. E. Saintes.
Bassac, mountains of Persia, between Lar and
Congo.
Bassan, t France, in Hcrault, 5 m. N. E. Be-
ziers.
Bassano, t Venetian territory, on the Brenta.
Pop. 11,500. A stone bridge, 1}J2 feet in length,
connects the town witli Vicantino. The trade is
in silk, cloth, and leather. Here is the extensive
printing-office of Remontini. 12 m. N. Vicenza.
Bassano, t. States of the Church, 3 m. W. Orta.
Bassas, or Baxas, Cape, on the E. coast of Af-
rica. Lon. 48° 10' E. Lat. 4° 55' N- ; another,
on the W. coast, near the moutli of the Rio
Sestre.
Basse, Point, on N. coast of Martini co.
Basse, Terre, chief t. of St. Christopher's, W.
Indies, at the S. E. end of the island. Lon. 62° 36'
W. Lat. 17° 24' N.
Basse Terre, Fort, on the W. coast of Guada-
loupe.
Bassee, La, t. France, in North, 5 m. N. W.
Douay. Pop. 2,200.
Basseen, s-p. on the W. coast of Hindostan, on
an island, which is separated by a narrow strait
from the island of Salsette, 27 m. N. Bombay.
Basselan. See Basilan.
Basses, or Thousand Islands, off the N. W.
Coast of New Guinea. Lon. 139° 27' E. Lat. 1°
40' S.
Bassignana, t. Upper Italy, in the Sardinian
part of Milan, near the influx of the Tanaro into
the Po, 5 m. N. Alessandria. Pop. 3,000.
Bassigny, district, France, included in Upper
Marne, Vosgcs and Maese.
Bassloiv, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. fr. Bake-
Well.
Bassora, Bussorn, or Basrah, a city of Asia, in
the gov. of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Shat-
ul-Arab, wliich is navigable hither by vessels of
500 tons burthen. It is surrounded by walls and
fortified. The houses, in general, are mean, being
constructed of clay, with a small proportion of
brick. Bassora is inhabited by Arabs, Turks,
Persians, Armenians, and some Europeans, who
reside in the factories belonging to their respect-
ive countries. The Arabs form the most nume-
rous class, and after them the Turks and Armeni-
ans. Bassora is the grand emporium for all the
Indian produce which is sent into the Turkish em-
pire. From the various ports of Hindostan, il
receives silk, muslin, linen, white and blue cloth,
gold and silver stuffs, various metals, sandal wood,
and indigo; pearls from Bahhrein, and coffee
from Mocha ; shawls, fruit, and the precious met-
als, from Persia ; spices from Java, and European
commodities from different ports. The greater
proportion of the commerce is carried on in Ara-
bian bottoms, the finest vessels navigating the In-
dian seas now belonging to the merchants of Mas-
kat. The trade with the interior is conduct-
ed by means of caravans to Aleppo and Bagdad,
whence the goods are conveyed to Constantinople-
The situation of the place is unhealthy, occasion-
ed by the inundations of the river. 'The neigh-
bouring country is greatly harassed by tribes of
predatory Arabs. It is 210 m. S. Ispahan, 1,815
S. E. Constantinople. Lon. 44° 46' E. Lat. 30=
32' N. Pop. between 50 and 60,000.
Bassoues, t. France, in Gers, 8 m. N. W. Mi-
rande.
Basfah. See Bislibesh.
Bastala, isl. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 103° 23' S. Lat. 0° 30' N.
Baslan, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed in
be the ancient Bithynium, 30 m. S. W. Amarsh.
Bastard, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Bastia, t. Corsica, in the N. E. part of the isl-
and. It is defended by a strong citadel, and has a
safe and spacious harbor. Pop. 1 1,500. 58 m. N.
E. Ajaccio.
Bastia, s-p. Turkey, on the coast of Albania,
opijosite Corfu. Lon. 20° 12' E. Lat. 39° 42' N.
Bastia, t. Italy, 7 m. N. Modena ; another, in
the States of the Church, duchy of Spoleto.
Bastide, La, t. France, in Lot, 10 m. S. E
Gourdon.
Bastide de Clerence, La, t. France, in Lower-
Pyrenees, 6 m. E. S. E. Bayonne. Pop. 2,000.
Bastide des Feuillans, La, v. France, in Upper-
Garonne, 18 m. S. W. Toulouse.
Bastide Keuve, La, t. France, in Upper Alps-
13 m. W. Embrun.
Bastiglia, t Italy, on the Panaro, below Mo-
dena.
Bastilica, t Corsica, 15 m. E. S. E. Ajaccio.
Busiimentos, islands near the isthmus of Darien,
at the mouth of the bay Nombre de Dios. Lon.
79°40' W. Lat. 9=32' N.
Bastogne, or Bastenac, t. Netherlands, in the
grand duchy of Luxemburg, 22 m. N. W. Lux-
emburg.
Batacarang, Point, a cape on the N. E. coast
of Sumatra. Lon. 104° 55' E. Lat. 1° 59' S.
Batacola, or Batticaloe, an island 3J miles in
circuit, in an arm of the sea, which penetrates
the east coast of Ceylon. Here is a fort, and a
small village of Hindoos and Mahometans. The
Wesleyan Methodists have a Missionary here. A
bar at the mouth of the estuary obstructs the ac-
cess of vessels exceeding 70 tons burthen. Lon.
81° 53' E. Lat. 7° 45' N.
BAT
^ Baiacole. See Batcale, iv^t*y.'!l
Bala/ha, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 6 ni. S'. S.
W. Leiria.
Batalin^ isl. off the E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123° 54' E. Lat. 1° 21' S.
Batang, isl. off the S. E. coast of Malacca.
Balaiia, city, near the mouth of a small river,
on the N. coast of the island of Java, the capital
of all the Dutch, or, as they are now termed, the
Netherland Indies. It was formerly styled, the
Queen of the East, but now retains very little of
its ancient splendor. From its westerly situation,
and easy access, ifis the best and most convenient
port in the island. In point of security, however,
and conveniency for the landing and shipping of
goods, it bears no comparison to the fine harbor of
Surabia. There is a broad flat mud bar at the
mouth of the river, which is a source of great
commercial expence and inconvenience. Bata-
via is well known in Europe by its fatal climate.
The disease, which chiefly proves mortal, is a fe-
ver generated in the putrid mud banks and stag-
nant canals which are within two miles of the
shore, and is strictly confined to that limit. A
stranger who sleeps for six or eight days succes-
sively in the town, may certainly reckon on catch-
ing the fever, and it is more than an equal chance
that he fa,lls a victim to tliis terrible malady. The
rest of the island is even eminent among tropical
countries for its salubrity. I'he population was
formerly 160,000, but is now reduced to 47,217, of
which 2,028 are Europeans and their descendants,
and the rest, Chinese, Javanese, Malays, other
orientals, and slaves. Batavia surrendered to
the British in 1811, and was restored in 1816. The
English Baptists have employed a Missionary in
this city since 1813. Lon. 106° 51' E. Lat. 6°
ID'S.
Batavia, p-t. and cap. Genesee co. N. Y. 40 m.
E. Buffalo, 48 W. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,645. The
village is a busy, thriving place, with two houses
for religious worship, Ifor Presbyterians, and 1 for
Episcopalians ; a court-house, a state-arsenal, and
about 60 dwelling-houses.
Batavia, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Wil-
liamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 200.
Batcale, or Bntacole, s-p. Hind, on the coast of
Malabar, 20 m. N. Barcelore.
Balchia/i. See Bacliian
Bate, or Bhatla Isle, Kind, at the S. W. extrem-
ity of tlie gulf of Cutch. Lon. 69° 21' E. Lat.
22° 22' N.
Batcah, t. Mexico, in Yucatan, 190 m. S. S. W.
Merida.
Bath, cit3', England, in Somerset, bounded N.
W. and S. by hills of considerable elevation, and
intersected by the river Avon. This city is cele-
brated for its medicinal waters, and for its various
iources of amusement, and is equally the resort of
valetudinarians and the votaries of pleasure.
There are places of worship for the members of
the Established Ciiurch, Methodists, Independ-
ents, Baptists, Moraviatis, Roman Catholics, Uni-
tarians, and Quakers. The cathedral is the last
and purest specimen of ecclesiastical Gothic ar-
chitecture in England. The benevolent institu-
tions of Bath are very numerous : of these, the
chief is the general hospital, opened in 1742, for
the reception of the sick poor from every part of
the kingdom. The hot springs to which Bath
principally owes her celebrity, were resorted to
in the time of the Romans, and many splendid
:r35raents of Roman architecture are still pre-
BAT
^i
served. There are 4 public baths. King's and
Queen's bath, the Cross bath, and the Hot bath.
The temperature of the difl'erent springs varies
from 93° to 117<= of Fahrenheit. The disorders
particularly benefitted by the Bath waters are
obstructions of the viscera, palsies, gout, rheuma-
tism, jaundice, &Lc. The streets and houses of
modern Bath are of very superior construction.
The Queen's Square, Circus, Crescents, and Pa-
rades, are particularly admired, and, being built
with a fine freestone, Bath is one of the most ele-
gant cities of Europe. It is in lat. 51° 42 32' N
and in lon. 2° 21' 30" W. 107 m. fr. London, 67
fr. Oxford, 41 fr. Gloucester, 39 fr. Salisbury, and
12 fr. Bristol. Pop. 38,434.
Bath, t. Hungary, county of Grosshout, 6 m.
N. E. Levens.
Bath, p-t. and port of entry, Lincoln co. Maine,
on the W. side of the Kennebec, 16 miles from the
sea, at the head of winter navigation, 14 m. S. W.
Wiscasset, 34 N. E. Portland, 153 N. E- Boston.
Lon. 69° 49' W. Lat. 43° 55' N. Pop. in 1810,
2,491. It is a flourishing townj and contains 2
banks, ah academy, and 3 houses for public wor-
ship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists.
The amount of shipping in 1815, was 20,628 tons-
Bath, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river, 67 m. N. N. W. Concord, 35 N. E. by N.
Dartmouth College. Pop. 545.
Bath, p-t. and cap. Steuben co. N. Y. on Cohoc-
ton creek, a branch of the Tioga, 59 m. S. W.
Geneva, 18 N. W. Painted Post, 245 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,036.
Bath, V. on the E. bank of tlie Hudson, opposite
Albany, N. Y. It has mineral springs of some
value.
Bath, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa.
Bath, CO. Va. on the Jackson, a source of James
river, in the Alleghany mountains, 50 m. W. S. W.
Staunton, 227 fr. Washington. It has 2 Hot-
Springs. The basin of one is 30 feet diameter,
and the water at the temperature of 96<^. The
othej', 6 miles distant, is smaller, and of the tem-
perature of 112'^, and more efficacious. The
springs are resorted to chiefly in July and Au-
gust, for the relief of rheumatism, and other com-
plaints. Pop. 4,837.
Bath, t. Berkley co. Va. 104 m. N. W. Wash-
mglon. Here are the Berkley Springs, which
see.
Bath, p-t. Beaufort co. N. C. 61 m, S. E. Eden-
ton, on the N. side of Tar river, 24 m. above Pam-
lico Sound. Lat. 35° 31' N.
Bath, t. Green co. Ohio.
Bath, p-t. Franklin co. Indiana.
Bathgate, t. Scotland, 18 m. W. Edinburgh,
Pop. 2,919.
Bathoum, r. Asia, anciently called Bathys, rises
in the mountains of Armenia, and falls into the
Black sea. Lon. 41° 20' E. Lat. 41° 35' N.
Bathousni, t. at the mouth of the river Ba- ^
thoum, 26 m. S. Buti.
Bathurst, a Bi-itish settlement in West Africa,
formed within a few years, on the island of St.
Mai-y's, at the mouth of the Gambia, between
13° and 14° N. lat. The object of the settle-
ment is to introduce a regular trade into the
Gambia, in lieu of the slave trade ; and thus far it
has been remarkably prospci-ous. In 1819, the
settlement contained more than 1,000 souls, be-
sides the garrison ; and the duties on wax, ivory,
gum, gold, and hides, exported to Great Britain,
during the same year, amounted to more than
92
B A V
B A U
11,000/. sterling. In point of commercial impor
tance, Bathurst bids Ibir to become the first
British establishment in W. Africa.
Balicola. See Butacola.
Batiscan, r. Lower Canada, falls into the St.
LaAvrence, about 15 miles N. E. Three-Rivers.
Batiscan, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Ba-
tiscan river.
Batley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. from Wake-
field. Pop. 2,975.
Batneer, t. Hind, in Delhi, Lon. 74° 45' E. Lat.
29° 28' N.
Batonn. See Bathovm.
Baton Rouge, p-t. and cap.- East-Baton Rouge
parish, Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi,
15 miles above the Ibberville, 140 above New-Or-
leans. I'op. 300. Here commences the high
ground on the banks of the Mississippi, as you as-
cend from its mouth. It is only 25 or 30 feet
above its highest floods.
Batsen, or Bacs, a county of Hungary, boun-
ded E. by the Theyss, and W. by the Danube.
Batsch, or Bacs,t. Hungary, capital of Batsea,
20 m. N. E. Funf kirchen, and 75 S. Buda. Lon.
19° 10' E. Lat. 46° 18' N.
Batta, a country on the W. coast of Sumatra.
Batta Islands, 30 leagues N. of Luzon.
Battaglia, t. Italy, 9 m. S. Padua.
Battalah, t. Hind, in Lahore, 24 m. from Am-
retsir. Lon. 75° 3' E. Lat. 31° 34' N.
Battam, isl. near the coast of Malacca. Lon. 104°
E. Lat. 1° N.
BaltecoUah, t. Hind, on the sea coast of North
Canara. Lon. 74° 37' E. Lat. 13° 56' N.
Batiee, or Bhatly, district, Hind. 150 miles in
length and 100 in breadth, which comprehends
parts of the provinces of Delhi, Lahore, and Aj-
Bieer. The capital is Batneer.
Battel, t. Eng. in Sussex, anciently called Ej)-
ilon. 6 m. N. Hastings, 56 S. London.
Baitelma, t. Syria, 5 m. S. W. Antioch.
Battersea, v. Eng, on the Thames, opposite
Chelsea, 4 m. W. London.
Batticalbe. See Batacola.
Batticofta, t. Ceylon, in the northern part of
the island, 6 m. N. W. Jaffna. Lon. 80° 15' E.
Lat. 9° 45' It. It is one of the stations of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions. See Ceylon.
Batlletoivn, p-v. Frederick co. Va. 58 m. W. N.
W. Washington.
Baturin, t. Rufsia, in the Ukraine, on the river
Sem, 80 m. E. S. E. Czemigov.
Batygory, t. Russia, in Kiev.
Bacaria, the Circle of, formed one of the great
divisions of Germany, according to the former
constitution of the empire, and was bounded E. by
Austria, W. by Suabia, N. by Franconia and Bo-
hemia, and S. by Tyrol. It comprised 16,588
square miles, with 1,300,000 inhabitants.
Bavaria, kingdom of, one of the most considera-
ble of the secondary states of Eui'ope. It is boun-
ded E. and S. by the Austrian dominions ; W. by
Wirtemberg and Baden, and N. by several small
German States. It is divided into the 8 following
circles :
Circles. Chief towns.
The Iser. Munich.
The Lower Danube. Passau.
The Regen. Ratisbon.
The Upper Danute. Augsburg.
The R^zat. Anspach.
The Upper Main. BayreutiJ.
The Lower Main. Wurtzburg
The Rhine. Speyer.
Bavaria contains at present 32,000 square miles,
and 3,560,000 inhabitants. It has risen gradually
to its present rank among the nations of Europe.
In 1801 it contained only 22,000 square miles, and
2,302,000 inhabitants ; but during the prosperity
of Bonaparte, Bavaria generally sided with France
in her wars with other European powers ; and was
paid for her attachment, by exte nsive territorial
aggrandisements, made chiefly at the expense of
Austria. In 1813, after the defeats of Bonaparte,
the king changed his line of policy, and concluded
a secret treaty with the allied powers, in which he
engaged to furnish a certain number of troops in
support of the common cause, and received in re-
turn a pledge that the integrity of his territories
should be respected. The form of government ia
Bavaria is an unlimited monarchy. The succes-
sion to the crown is hereditary in the male line,
but when it is extinct in all its branches, the su-
preme power may be vested in a female. The
revenue is estimated at about 2,600,000 /. Bava-
ria has long been burdened with a public debt,
which was not a little increased by the assump-
tion of the debts of her newly acquired dominions.
The army, amounts to between 40,000 and
50,000 men. The prevailing religion in Bavaria
is the Roman Catholic, but Protestants enjoy the
unrestrained exercise of their worship, and are
eligible to civil and military offices. The number
of monastic institutions in this part of Germany
was formerly very great, but they have almost all
been suppressed by the present government. Ed'-
ucation has of late years been widely diffused
through the Bavarian states. In the new consti-
tution of Germany, as framed by the 53d and fol-
lowing acts of the congress of Vienna, this state
has ojie vote in the federative diet, and four in
the general assembly.
Bavaria, Lake of between Lower Bavaria and
the circle of Prachin, in Bohemia.
Bavy, t. France, in North, 8 m. N. E. Ques-
no)'.
Bavd, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 6,200. 1.8
m. N. W, Vannes.
Baverd. See Miverd.
Bauerwilz, t. Prussian states, in Silesia, 10 m.
N. W. Ratisbon.
Bauge la Villc, t. France, in Main-and-Loirc,
10 m. S. La P'leche.
Bauge le Cliatel, t. France, in Ain, 4 m. E. Ma-
con.
Baughnan, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Wooster. Pop.Jn 1819, 460.
Bavgnan, t. iiflngal, on the Dummooda river.
Lon. 88° E. Lat. ^2° 30' N.
Battman^s Islands, in the S. Pacific. Lon. 173°
W. Lat. 12° S.
Baume les JVones, t. France, on the Doubs, 16
m. N. E. Besancon.
Baumgarten, Upper and Lower, v. Prussian
states, in Silesia, circle of Balkerhaun.
Baumholdcr, t. Prnssian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 25 m. N. Deux-Ponts.
Baunach, t. Bavaria, at the influx of Baunach
river into the Maine, 7 m. N. Bamberg.
Bauske, t. Russia, in Courland, 18 m. S. Mittau,
Lon. 23° 30' E. Lat. 56° 26' N.
Bausset, t. France, in Var, 18 m. E. S. E. Mar-
seilles.
BAY
B E A
93
Baufsch, or Budissoiv, t. Mpravia, 20 01. N. E.
Olmutz.
Bautzen, or Budessin, t. in the kingdom of Sax-
ony, capital of Upper Lusatia, on the Spree. It
has a strong castle called Ortenburg. Near this
place was fought, in June, 1813, a bloody battle
between the French and the allies, in which the
latter were worsted. 30 m. E. N. E. Dresden,
76 E. Leipzig. Lon. 14° 27' E. Lat. 51° 10' N.
Pop. 11,350.
Beaux, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
1 5 m. E. N. E. Aries. Fop. 3,300.
Bnivder, r, Eng. runs into the Tees.
Bawdsay, t. Eng. in Suffolk, at the mouth of the
Deben, 5 m. N. E. Harwich.
Bautry, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. S. Doncas-
ter.
Baxuda, t. Buenos Ayres, on the Parana, oppo-
site Santa Fe.
Barns, Cape, on the S. coast of Africa. Lon,
23° 0' E. Lat. 34° S.
Buy of Islands, in the straits of Magellan ; an-
other on the W. coast of king George Ill's archi-
pelago. Lon. ■224° 29' E. Lat. 57^ 21' N. ; anoth-
er on the W. coast of Newfoundland, 10 m. S.
Cape Gregory ; another on the E. coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 135° 38' W. Lat. 35° 18' S.
Jiay Point, cape on the N. W. coast of New
Zealand.
Bayamo, t. on the S. coast of Cuba, 520 m. E. S.
E. Havannah. Lon. 76° 55' W. Lat. 20° 46' N.
Bayazid, or Bajazid, a fortified city of Turkish
Armenia, 50 m. S. S. W. Erivan, 140 E. Er-
zerum. Lon. 43° 4.5' E. Lat. 39° 24' N. Pop. .
30, 
