Full text of "Geography rectified; or, A description of the world, in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries ... As also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London. Illustrated with seventy eight maps. The 3d ed., enl. To which is added a compleat geographical index to the whole, alphabetically digested. The whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors"

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l\ m^'-^''

i . 'A

UNIVERSITY or PITTSBURGH

ar ,

1693
E58M83

JDarlington JVLemoriai J-diarary

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

University of Pittsburgh Library System

http://www.archive.org/details/geographyrectifiOOmord

A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book.

iT-T'7'Orld Fol. 12

2 W E V R 0 ? E i6

3 England^Scotlandydc Irdand, 2 i

4 England 23

5 IVales 3^

6 Scotland S^

7 Ireland 4 2

8 Denmark^ 53
p Sweden and Norway ^S

10 Mufcovia^dcc. 72

11 Po/W So

1 2 Tariary in Europe 8 8

13 Moldavia.Valachia^Tranfilv. 9$

14 Hnngaria

100

I 5 Germany

114

I ^ The Vnited Provinces

i<5o

1 7 The -5^rf«//Z; Provinces

174

18 France

IpO

19 Spain

202

20 Portugal

221

21 J/^/y

225

2 2 Helvetia^ ox Schppitx,erland2 2'6

23 4?4ro)/ and Piedmont 236

24 5/a/y 2 5 (5

2 5 Sclavon.Cro.nia.Valmat.&c.'^^o
16 Servia^ Bulgaria^ &c. 2 5<5
2d Greece 2<5p
2% A S I A 341
ap The 7«rjl^ Empire in /^J/?^ 345
5 o Canaan^ or the Ho/)' L^«(^ 3 5 8

3 I Armenia 3 "^^
32 Cypriis.ihc Ifles o^AfiaMinSl3
3 3 Turklfh Empire in general 3^2
34 Arabia 3^*^
3 5 Per/;^ . 39^
$6 Tart aria in Jfia 4 "^7
3 7 Empire of the Great Mogul 415
3 8 Z/7^ij on t his fid e Ganges 42-3
3P J^icZ/j beyond Ganges 43 '
40 C/?/«^ 43^

41 Japan 444

42 Maldives I Hands 448

43 Ceylon 45 O

44 The Ifles of 5(?We 454

45 The P^///^/;i«e Iflands 45<^
4^ The Mo/afcj Iflands 458
^7 ^ F R I C A 4^1

48 Barbary 4<58

49 Fez and Morocco 470

50 ^/^/er 480
5ri Egypt 48p

52 Biledulger,Zaara^Guiny^&c, 503

53 Ethiopia^ ox Hihejjinia 50 c?

54 Congo^Scc. 522

55 Cafferia & Monomotapa 524
5'^ Zang^aebar $27

57 The Ifles of Azores 52p

58 The C^«ar)/-Iflands 531
5P Crt/^e Fer-dZe Iflands 534
60 Madagafcar^ d)Cr., 5-37
i^l Maltha 540
62 AMERICA 542
^3 Magellanica 545
^4 Chili znd Paraguay 550
<55 Brazile 553
<^^ Amaz.one^ Verity Guyana^Caflel-

ladelOr^dcc. 55^

^7 The Weftern Iflands 5^4
<^8 Jamaica ^6j

69 Bermudas^ between 574, 575

70 Barbadoes 577

71 ]Ve»» 5'/'^/« 576

72 Nerv Mexico 5-85

73 Florida:, and the Lakes of C<»-
«<2^<7 5^7

74 Carolina 589

75 Virginiaznd Maryland 591
7<^ Penjtl'vania.zndN^wJerfey 5^7

77 New E«g/. and New TorJ^ <5o6

78 Northw. part of /4w?w^ 619

eogtapftp ^aeftifteu:

O R, A

DESCRIPTION

OF THE

WORLD,

In all its Kingdoms ;, Provinces ;, Countries;,

Iflands, Cities, Towns, Seas, Rivers, Bayes, Capes,
Ports ; Their Ancient and Prefent Names, Inhabitants,
Situations, Hiftories, Cuftoms, Governments, drc.

As al(b their Commodities, Coins, Weights, and

Meafures, Comparedwith thofe at LON DON,

llhfirated with Seventy eight MAPS,

the Jhird Edition.Enlarged.'To which is added a Cowpksit Geographical Index
to the Whoky j4lphabetical)y digefied.

The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Obfervatioiis
and Difcoveries of Modern Authors.

By ^0 S E HIT M 0 ^7) E

L 0 N D 0 N ■

Printed ^oxRohert Morden 2ind Thomas CockeriH^ at t\\Q Atlas
in CornhiU^ and at the Thnt Legs in the Poullrej, over-againft
the Stocks-Market. M DC XCIII.

To his moft Worthy and moft Honoured Friend,

Mr. THOMAS GODDARD,

, of London, MERCHANT.

HAVING made many Confiderable Im-
provements and Additions to my Geogra-
phy in this Third Edition, I have all the
reafon in the world to flhelcer it once more under
the Patronage of your Name , whole Affairs
Abroad have not only given you a betterKnowIe Jg
and Experience of Foreign Parts ; but whofe En-
couragement and Bounty, next to Divine Good-
nefs , have only contributed to its Production ,
which otherwife with its poor Author, muft have
for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown
Obfcurity, and irrefiftible Poverty. The declining
therefore the Imputation of Ingratitude, is my on-
ly Plea ; and though it may not be pleafing to you,
yet not to have done it in my Circumftances ,
would have been my juft Crime. I humbly
therefore beg your Goodnefs will be pleafed
to add to your former Kindnefles, that of paf^
fing by the Imperfections of what is offered. In ex-
cufeof which, I can only fay, That as 'tis not the

Induftryj

Indiiflry of one Age that can redlify and compleat
the 4taxie of Geography ; nor the work of any one
man that of Coins^ Weights, and Meafures j fo a well-
meaning Eflay towards both, I hope will find a
Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious
and unprejudiced Reader; For I have this, I will
not fay to juftify , but to excufeat leaft, my bold=»
ne(s and forwardnefs, that if I had known thefe
things to have been but tolerably performed by
others, I had neither troubled my Reader , nor
mif-fpentmy own time about the Re(5Vification of
them^ wherein, although I have again made ma-
ny Corre6tions and Amendments, yet that I have
made good feme mens Expectations, and freed
them from all defers and overfighcs, neither my
Fears nor my Modefty will permit me to be confi-
dent of; fo that knowing this Work which I have
undertaken, is liable to common Cenfure, I am
bold to fhrowd it under your Protection, humbly
imploring your kind Reception and Pardon for this
my Prefumption ; for which, and for the excefs of
many Favours,! fhall ever pray for theProfperity of
You and Yours ^ and for ever acknowledge my felf^

Your moft Humble y 7mH Faithful^

and moH Obliged Servant ^

Robert Morden.

To the READER.

0 great was the attempt of my firfi Effay^ in the pihlifhing
of z^/y Geography Re6lifi'd , that for my hetdkfs frt-
fumptiofj I can alledg no excufe^ unkfs^ That the zeal of
my love for its Truth^ fo tranfported my fenfts, as I con-
jidered not the weight I undertook. And therefore I again crave
pardon for the audacity of that Attempt* Humbly acknowledging^
a M^ork of that concernment and difficulty in itfelf^ did well dt~
ferve the conjun^ion of many heads and hands \ andftrely more
advantagiom had it been unto Geography, to have fallen into
the Endeavours of fome able Advancers ^ that mighty have per"
formed it unto the life, and added Authority thereto. For J am
not ignorant of the difcouragement ofContradiB'wn^ of the diffi-
culty of Diffuafion,fromradicated beliefs of what cold requitals
fome have found in their Redemptions of Truth \and how ingeni-
ous Difcoveries have been difmi^ed with obliquity^ and cenfured
with fmgularity : But the kind Reception it found from fever al
Worthy and Learned Gentlemen^ more efpecially that Influence
that it received from the two mofl Learned Vniverjities of the
World^ Oxford and Ca_mbridg, hath once more drawn me upon
the Horizon of PublickFiew, not as a Mafter^ but as a poor La-
bourer^carryingthe Carved Stone s^and the Polifhed Pillars of the
more skilful Architects tofet them in my mean Fabrick. I have
indeed laid my building upon other mens foundations ; for who in
this Subjeci can dootherwife ? Nor do I hold it a Phgiary to fay y
1 have ufsd their Richefl Jewels to adorn this Work. In excufe
whereof give me leave to plead^ That in all Arguments and Sub-
jeBs which have been written npon^from the infancy of Learning.,
to this Age., there hath been a continnal firife 2nd emulation among
Writers^ to mend^fupply^ or methodize whxtfoever hath been done
before. It would be too tedious to reckon up the fever al Authors
on fome one Suh\eUy being a Truth fo obvious as not to need much

proof.,

To the READER.

proofs nor is it Itfs apparent, that ft ill the latter mufl needs have
a great adv.wtage beyond the former, by adding the experience of
his own times to the perufal of what was formerly attained unto ;
more efpecially //^Hiftory and Geography ;/<3r tho m the Axioms^
Theorems and Propofitions of Logick, Philofbphy, Mathema-
cicks, drc. that which was once Truth remains (o for ever \ yet in
Hiftory there is a nectffity of Continuation^ and in Geography of
Alteration from time to time ; fo that as^tis no prefmiption to
write upon this Subject^ tho treated of by others famous for Learn'
ing and Parts \ fo it is a boldmfs jufiifiable by truth ^ to affirm that
all former Gtogvdi^hxts diligently compared with the more acu-
rate Obfervttions and D if coveries of late years ^ are greatly defc-
iijve^ and flrangely erroneous. And that I may not be thought to
he fingular in my affertion^feewhat the Indufirious Mr. Wright
fiid in his Cor region of Errors in Navigation ; whtre he tells us.
That the Longitude of Places would well deferve both Labour
andCofi. A:'tdthothe Reclifcationof them were 'more abufie and
fxpinftve work^ than profitable ', yet mo ft worthy and neceffary to
be Uboured in^ as without which all Chart s.. Maps, Globes, and all
other Hydrographical and Geographical Dejcripiions cannot be
fned from many intricate abfurdtties wherewith they are now
every where pejltred and perplexed : And who that loveth Truth,
faith he, can patiently endure the Mariners common and con ft ant
complaint of I 50 or 200 Leagues error in the diftance between
the Bay of Mexico and the Azores ( or that which is more int oi-
ler able and monftrous ) of 6zo Leagues difference in the diftance
between Cape Mendofino, and Cape Californio ? A'^d in another
place he tells m^that the heft Hydrographers of that Age found
fuch difficulties in labouring to bring their Marine Defer ipt ions to
Jome correfpondence of truth, that tired herewith, in tht end they
have holden it impoffihle ; wherein not with (landing, faith he, they
err in holding that to be fimply impoffible, which cannot be done by
fnch ways and means as they '^now and ufe.

And the Ingenious A/r.Hally tells us in one of his Philofophical
Tranf aliens y That the Dutch Maps were out more than i o De-
grees.

To the R E A D E R.

wrees. B(4t Sanfon'^ i8 Degrees mdifta^ce betweetiLoTidiOn and
%d\h{oKQ.Andin truth as to all the Dutch 4;;:^ French Mips that
1 have feen, they mrefofalfe and imperft^j that as I was obli-
ged in my fir ft Edition to alter many places in Europe 3 Degr.o/
Latitude, and more than 5 in Longitude; to makeMva and Ame-
rica rvhollj new, md to rt^ify Africa more than 10 Degr. J^sd^
in the fecond Impreffion to infer t more than 10 New Maps of
Countries, fome never extant in any Geography before : So aL
fo in this Third Edition I have added a Geographical Index to
the whole Work, Alphabetically digefted. As alfo many Cities,
Towns, IJlmds, Rivers, with the Ancient and Modern Names,
with many other Improvements, which were omitted in. the for-
mer\fo that'*tis intrutha NewGeography.^W^^/ Iknow this
wants thtHdps and Advantages of a moreLearnedPen;and indeed
it ought to have been freed from thofe frequent avocations anddi-
ftitrbances that attend a publickShop andTrade,Thefe were intruth
too great difadvantages for the rendring a Book of this nature
fo compleat and perftii, and of fo conftant and regular a fMe, as
might be expe^ed from others, who fe quiet doors, andunmokft-
edhours afford no fuch Diftraaions. However, in the compofmg
of this, I have taken a due regard and greater care in the choice
of Authors ', nor have Ibeen lefs ftudiom in avoiding weak and
frivolous Relations, but to prefent plainly the Truth of Geogra-
phy and Hiftory jfrom its fir ft beginning, fo far as "^tis made
known to us by the moft approved Writers, And all this after ma-
ny years experience, not only in making and proyeBing of Globes,
Maps, &C. but alfo in examining and comparing of the Relati-
ons, Difcoveries, Obfervations, Draughts, Journals, and Wri-
tings, as well of the Ancient as Modern Geographers, Travel-
lers, Mariners, d^r. wherein I have taken much pains, andfpent
much time ; tho to my own profit I have done nothing : Only may
this be but ufeful and acceptable to the young Gentry and Scholars
of England, anil am fure of this one advantage. That I [hall
ha.ve many an idle hour the lefs to account for .

Some

To the READER.

Somem,yyetthMth,U^^^,,„ji„^ll and the Difco^rfe toe

Defignm.t! Bn'yny,,vherem I rather co^fitted yoL Advmt2

fothat ,va. oft,»t,mesmorefolic,tommd conceLd toLZr
n'hat, ,h.n .hat not to ,vrite : Tet have i»du/r,o,f/ly eJeaZZ
edhj^mf.rtio^ofthe moft ,mportant Obfervables,thil nothZZa

. tend mkrtr, the Maps or hefcr,ptiL may k- n^J^^'joZ.

rejpemve parts, a> may makegmdour Title : For without var,H,
, may he affirmed, that as compe»dtom as it is, yet ym hive he l
tnno«,fnmrned „p the Reverend Oifervattlis of thTJ^Z't

tht mod CurinulZV f ""'VZ^' ^^io ugh for the Readings of
i^emoitumous md much at Leiure.yet may ferve as ththful
Introdtidtton to their moreVoiHmiJJ^Ty.d j V

cjnently of ever dot J of them A J LI Y^'P^M^, nnd confix

Your moft Humble and Obedient Servant,

RO B E RT MO R DEN.'

* . ■ An

A N

IntrodudJion

T O

GEOGRAPH

GEOGKAVHX is a Science which Teacheththe
Defcription and Dimenfion of all the Earthy as it doth
together with theTfater^ compofe that round Body,
which from its form is called the Orb or Globe of the
Earth ; Defcribing the Scituations, and Meafuring the
Diftances of all its parts.
The Earth is placed in refped of the other Flanets or Stars of the
Univerfe, according to Ptolomy and Tycho^ in the Centre, fixed and im-
moveable 5 but according to Copernicus^ between the Orbs of Mars and
Venus, moveable.

For according to Celeftial Appearances, one of thefe two Hypothefes
muft be granted : i. That the Earth is placed in the Center, immove-
ble, and that all the Celeftial Bodies do move round it in their Diur-
nal and Annual Revolutions, as in Fig. i.

2. Or that the Sun is the Center of the Planets and Fixed Stars,
which have no daily Motion, but that this Earth, Sea, and Air about
it, hath a twofold Motion, one Diurnal, about its own Center in 24
hours, whereby all its parts are alternately enlightned, and Day and
Night fuccefllively enjoyed ; the other, its Annual Motion, by which
it is carried about the Sun in the fpace of a Year, whereby all places
in courfe enjoy Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winttr. Fig. 2 .

B Thefc

2 An Introh^ton to Geogrdphy.

Thefe Hypothefes, with the Circles of the Sphere, and Motion of
the Planets, you will Hnd explicated anddemon(hated more at large,
in my Introdudion toOrtronomy and Geography.

The Globe of the Earth is varioufly Defcribed by Geographers into
Lines and Parts^ which are either Real or Imaginary,

The Real parts of the "terreftrial Globe are Earth and Water. Tlie
Imaginary parts are certain Ltnes^ which are not materially, but for the
better underftanding of this Science, are fuppofed to be on or above
the Earth.

Thefe Lines are either Strait^ or Circular. The y^wV is a ftrait line
palling through the midftor Center of the Earth, which is the Diame-
ter of the Univerfe; the extreme points or ends whereof, are called
the Tohs\ the one Point is called the y^r^^ci^, or Nortb-Poley the other
the AntarClick^y or South- Pole.

Thefe Poles are twofold ^ i . The Poles of the World, or Equator^
upon which is made the daily Motion from Eafi to IVcfl. 2 . The Poles
of the Ecliptic]^^ upon which the Earth, or all the Celeftial Bodies do
make their Yearly Revolution from JVefi to Eafi.

The Circular Lines are divided into the greater and the lefTer : The
Gre^j/erOVc/e/ are fuch as divide the Globe into two equal parts, and
are four in number, Meridian^ Horizon ^Equator ^ Ediptick^: And thefe
are either fixed, as the Equator and Ecliptickji or moveable with the
mutation of places, as the Meridian^ and Horizon.

The Horizon^ the Boundary or Termination of our fight, is the on-
ly Great Circle obfervable by the eye 5 for being upon a Plain in any
fair Day or Night, and looking where the Heavens and Earth part,
we fee an apparent Circle^ which divides the vifible part of Heaven
from the invifible; extending it felf into a ftrait line, from the Su-
perficies of the Earth every way round about that place you ftand
upon -, dividing the Heavens into two unequal parts, which is defign-
ed out by the fight ^ and is fometimes greater or leffer, according to
the condition of the place. But this H(jr/2SOT is not the true Horizon^
but parallel to it, and therefore called the Senfible or vifible Horizon^
comprehending all that fpace of the earth which is vifible, and di-
ftinguilhing it from the reft which lieth under, and is invifible.

The other Horizon^ which is called the True or Rational Horizon^ is
a Great Circle, dividing that part of the Heavens which is above us,
from that part which is under us, exadly into two two equal parts,
paffing through the Center of the Earth, always certain and the
fame 5 fuppofe a Line of DirediOn perpendicular to it, paffing through
to the Point, diredly oyer our head, called thQ Zeniib^ and another

directly

An Intro^uEiion to Geography, ■»

ditedly under our feet, called the 'i^adir^ which are the two Poles of
the Horizon^ and po degrees diftant from if.

By this Circle our Days and Nighfs are meafured ; for that time
wherein the Sun continueth above the Horizm, we call an Artifical
Day, and the time that he is under it, the Night; it alfo (hews the
Riling and Setting of the Stars and Planets \ for when they come
up from the dark Hemifphere^ they are faid to R ife, and per contra^ when
they go down, are (aid to Set.

The Meridian is a Circle paifing through the Voles of the Earthy and
the Vertical or Zenith point of the Horizon^ croiling it at right Angles,
dividing the Earth into two equal parts or Hemifpheres, in the Points
of North and South', the one Ejjiern, the other IFeJiern: And
is fo called, becaufe when the Snn com€ih to the Meridian of zny
place, it is Noon, or Mid-day: Many in number, becaufe all places from
Ea(i to Weji^ have feveral Meridians :

Amongfl: thefe, one is of fpecial Note and Ufe, which Geographers
Cd\\ the firji or chief Meridian: This fir(i Meridian is that from which
the Longitudes of places are reckoned : In this Meridian the Poles of
the World arefuppofed to be fixed ; and in this. Circle, the Latitude
of Places, or Height of the Poles are numbred.

The Ei^^^for, or Line under the Equinodial^ is a great Circle encom-
paffingthe very middle of the Earth between the two Voles, dividing
it into two equal parts from North to South ; and it is divided, as all
great Circles are, into 3 60 equal parts or degrees. It is called Equator,
either becaufe it is equally diftant from the Voles of the World, or ra-
ther becaufe when the Sun comes to this Line, which is twice in the
Year, viz. in its entrance into Aries, which is about the lothox 1 ith
of March j and again in Libra about the \2th0x \^th of September, he
makes equality of Vayi and Nights throughout the World-, from it are
the Latitudes of places numbred upon the Meridian, either North or
South -, upon it the Longitude of places are reckoned : It meafurgs the
Quantity of Artificial and Natural Days, Hours, &c. Therefore its
Degrees are called Tempora, Times, and is divided into 24. hours, 15
degrees thereof to an hour*, for 15 times 24, makes ^60 degrees 5
every degree is 4 minutes of Time, for 4 times 15, is 60 minutes, or
an hour.

The Ecliptic}^ (o called becaufe the Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon
are here made, is an Oblique Circle croiTing the Equator in two op-
pofite Points, called the Equinodial Poiiits ; and is divided into 12
parts, called the 12 Signs. It is called Via Solis, becaufe the Sun al-
ways goes under it in its annual Courfei but the icH of the Planets

B 2 have

4 An IntrodMon to Geography,

have their deviations either North or South from this Line. This Cir-
cle hath 2 Poles •, for as the Meridians meet in the Poles of the World,
fotht Circles of Longitude drawn through the 12 Signs, meet in the
Poles of the Edipticj^^ each Pole of the Ec/ip/ici^ being diftant from
its correfpondent Pole of the world, 23 deg. 30 min. and are called
North or South, according to their pofition next the North or South
Poles of the World.

The Meridian that paffeth through the Eqnino&ial Point of the
Ec/z/i/ici^ in the beginning of ^rwand Libra, is called the EquinoBial
Colure j and that which paffeth through the beginning of Cancer and
Capricorn, is called the Soljiitial Colure. ^

Thefe Q/^/re/ divide the Ecliptick^into iom equal parts, which are
called Cardinal Points •, for according to the Suns approach unto any
of them, the Seafonof the Year is altered into Spring, Summer, Au-
tumn, and Winter.

The Leffer Circles or Lines are Named with particular Names, as
'Trupick.s and Polar Circles.

The Troj^icj^/ are parallel Circles to the Equator, diftant from it 23
Degrees and a half: That on the North-C\de of the Equator, is called
the Tropick^of Cancer, where the Sun hath the greateft North declination,
and maketh our longeft Day and (hortelt Night, which is about the
1 ith or I2t^ of June: The other on the South-fide is called the Tro-
pickff Capricorn, in which point the Sun hath its greateft South Veclina-
iian, making our (horteft Day, and longeft Night, which is about the
iithot I2th oi December.

The Polar Circles are parallels, compaffing the Poles of the World at
23 Degrees and an halt diftance; that about the North-Pole is called
the ArClic\Circle, the other the ^ntarClick^ Circle, becaufe oppofite to
it: As in Fig. 3.

Thefe. Tro/'ici^ and Polar Circles divide the Earth into five parts,
called by the Greeks-, ^ones^ from Ztivn, Cingidum, as enclofing the
whole Earth within their refpedive Diftrids ^ of thefe five Zones,
three were accounted by the Ancients to be fo intemperate, as to be
uninhabitable ; one of them by reafon of the Suns beams continually
darting upon the fame, and this they called the Torrid Zone, termi-
nated h-^ the Tropicks on each fide; The other two, the one compre-
hended within the Ardick Circle, and the other compaffed by the
Antardtick j by reafon of the extreme Cold, they thought uninha-
bitable, as being fo remote from the Suns Beams : But only the re-
maining two were accounted Temperate, and therefore Habitable 5

the

An Intro^H^ion to Geogra^hy^ 5

the one lying between the Ardick CitcU^ and the trofic\ of Camm
and the other between the Antardick and the 7ropick^ of Capricorn^

Thus much of the General Geography : The Special is that which fet-
teth forth the Defcription of the terreftrial Glohe^ fo far forth as 'tis
divided into diftiiid parts or places : And is either, j. The Defcrip-
tion of fome great integrating part of the Earth. 2. Or of fome
one Region, and fo is properly called Chorography, 3. Or of fome
particular place in a Region or Countrey, which is Topography.

According to the greater integrating parts thereof, the Ancients di-
vided the whole Earth into three great parts, viz. Europe^ y^fia, and
j/ffrica^ towhichis now added a fourth, viz. America: thefe are again
divided into Provinces.^ Countries^ Kingdoms^ &c. And each of thefe
are again fubdivided into Earldoms, Baronies, Lor d {hips, e^c. Thefe
three kinds or parts make up the perfed Subjed of Geography.

Again, every part and place of the Earth is confidered in its/e//, or
according to its AdjmCts^ and fo it is either Continent or IJland.

A Continent is a great quantity of Land, in which many great King-
doms and Countries are conjoined together, and not feparated one from
another by any Sea, 3iS Europe^ Afia, &c.

An T/Iand is a part of the Earth compaffed and environed round about*
with Water ^ as Great Britain and Ireland.

Thefe are again obfervable parts, both oi Continents and Iflands^ viz.
Feninfttla^ Ifthmus., Vromontorium.

Feninfula quafi pent Infttla^ is a part of Land, which being almoft en-
vironed and encompaffed round with Water, is yet joined to the firm
Land by fome little Ijihrnus^ as Jfrica is joined to Jjia, 01; Morea to
Greece.) by the Greeks called Cherfonefus.

An Ifthmus is a narrow neck of Land betwixt two Seas, joining the
Feninfula to the Continent., as that of Varim in America^ or Corinth in
Greece.

A Promontory is a high Hill or Mountain, lying out as an elbow of
Land into the Sea , the utmoft end of which is called a Cape, as the
Cape of Good H)pe., and Cape Verde.

The Adjun^s of a place are either fuch as refped the Earth it felf,
or the Heavens : Thofe that agree to a place in refped of the Earthy
are three in number, viz. the Magnitude or Extent of a Country^ the
Bounds or Limits , the Quality.

The Magnitude comprehends the length and breadth of a place.

The Bounds of a Country is a Line terminating it round about, di-
flinguiihingit from the bordering Lands- Qt Waters.

The

6 An Introduction to Geography,

The ^ality of a place Is the Natural Temper and DiTpofition
thereof.

A Fhce in regard of the Heavens is either Eafi , ^p/?, North, or
South.

Thofe places are properly Eaji which lie in the Eajiern HemifpherCy
(terminated by the lirft Meridian) or where the Sm rifeth.

Thofe are U^eji which lie VVefternof the faid Meridian, or towards
the fetting of the San.

Thofe places are properly "North which lie betwixt the Equator and
Artick^ Vole.

Thofe South which are betwixt thtEquator and the AntarticJ^Pole.

The Ancients did alfo diftinguifh the Inhabitants of the E^^r^^ from
the diverfitiesof fhadows of Bodies into three forts, viz. Perifcii, He-
ierofciif znd j4mphifcii : the Inhabitants of the Fr?g/«/ Zowe (ifanyfuch
are) were termed Ferifcii , becaufe the (hadow of Bodies have there a
Circular motion in 24 hours, the Sun neither rifing nor fetting but in
a greater portion of time.

The Inhabitants oi theT^emperate Zones they called Heterofcii, becaufe
the Meridian fhadows bend towards either Pole, towards the North a-
mong thofe that dwell within the Tropick^of Cancer znd the Artick^ Cir-
cle ; towards the South amongft thofe that dwell within the Iroprick^o^
Capricorn and the Antartic\QAxQ\e.

The Inhabitants of the lorrid Xone they called Amphifcii, becaufe
the Noon or Mid-day fhadow , according to the time of Year , doth
fometimes fall toward the North, fometimes towards the South: when
the Sun is in the Northern Signs, it falleth towards the South : and to-
wards the North, when in the Southern Signs. And becaufe of the dif-
ferent fight of oppofite Habitations, the Ancients have divided the In-
habitants of the Earth into Period, Ant£ci, and Antipodes.

The ?eri£ci are fuch as live under the fame parallel, being equally
diftant from the Equator, but in oppofite points of the fame parallel.

The Ant£ci are fuch as have the fame Meridian, and parallel equally
dilknt from the Equator, but the one North, and the other South.

The Antipodes are fuch as inhabit two places of the Earth which are
Diametrially oppofite one to the other. See Fig. 4.

The Ancients did alfo divide the Earth in Climates and Parallels.

A Climate is a fpace of E^r/^ comprehended betwixt any two places,.
whofe longed day differ in quantity half an hour.

A Parallel is a (pace of Earth, wherein the days increafe in length a
quarter of an hour ; fo that every Climate contains two Parallels,

* Thefe

An IntroduBion to Geography, 7

Thefe Climates and Parallels are not of equal quantity, for the firft is
longer than the fecond, and the fecond likewife greater than the third,
&c. At the Latitude, where the longeft days are increafed half an hour
longer than at the Equator^ viz. longer than 12 hours, The firft Cli-
mate begins, which is at the- Latitude of 8 degrees, 34 minutes ; and
in the Latitude oi 16 degrees, 43 minutes, where the days are increaf-
ed an hour longer than at the E'juator. The fecond Climate begins, and
fo outwards. But becaufe the Ancients , and alfo Vtolomy , fuppofed
that part of the Earth which lies under the Equator to be inhabitable,
therefore they placed the firft Climate at the Latitude of 12 degrees,
43 minutes, where the longeft day is 1 2 hours \ long 5 and the fecond
Climate to begin at the Latitude of 2 o degrees, 3 4 minutes, where the
longeft day is 12 hours and flong; &c. 'Tis needlefs indeed to take
any more notice of them, than thus much only ; that they that de-
fcribe the Scituation of places by Climes and Parallels , had as good fay
nothing.

The Terraqueous Globe is but an Imaginary point compared to the vaft
cxpanfion of the Univerfe, though of it felf of great Magnitude 5 for
Geographers divide it into ^60 parts of degrees,and each degreee into
60 minutes, which are fo many Italian M'lks j fo that the Circumference
thereof is 21600 miles, and the Diameter, or Axis, is <5875 tniles,
and its Superficies in fquare miles, is reckoned to amount to 1485 10584
of the {kmemeafUre. ^^;^^- ^^;,; ..;,v^„ ;/,■;. ..l--,

'Tis a common Opinion, that 5 of our Eiiglifh feet rriake ^Geometrical
pace, 1000 of thefe -paces make an Italian mile, and 60 of thefe miles
in any great Circle upon the Spherical furface of the Earth, or Sea, make
a degree •, fo that a degree of the Heavens contains upon the furface of
t\it Earth, according to this account, 60 Italian miles, 20 French ox
P«/c^ Leagues, 15 German miles, 17 | S'f^wT^ Leagues, and 5^1 Englijh
miles.

But according to feveral Experiments made, the quantity of a de-
gree is thus varioufly found to be : By Alhazard an Arabian^ 533333
Arabian feet in one degree, which reduced to our Engli(h meafure is
3(57285 feet, or 70 miles, and g| parts of a foot. Ey Ptolomy
3<5oooo Rhynland feet, which reduced to our Englifh feet is 371^00,
or 70 miles |g By Wilbrodus Snellius, An. id 13. 342000 Rhynland
feet, in Englijh 353306 feet, or 67 miles fere. By Norwood m his
Experiment between Tvrk^ and London , finds one degree upon the
Earth to contain 367200 feet, which makes 6p|. By Vicard a French-
man, about 73 Italian miles, and is the neareft meafure yet found
by thefe Experiments to anfwer to a degree of the Heavens 5 fo that

^ An IntYo^uUion to Geography]

the circumference of the Earth then is 25020 miles, the VUmttzt
7P$8 in Englijh miles.

I ftiall here note. That no Country doth in all parts of its Ter-
ritories make ufe of the fame extent in meafuring : The Germans
have their great, little , and ordinary miles 5 the Leagues of France
and Spain are of different lengths, and fo are the miles in our own
Country.

The Earth (as was faid before) is encompaffed about with the J^O'
ter-i which walhingand furrounding the dry Land, cuts out and (hapes
fo many winding Bays^ Creeks ■> and meandring Inlets^ and feems no-
where fo much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan^ from
whence again expatiating, it fpreads its felf into two immenfe, and
almoft boundlefs Oceans^ which give Terminaries to the four Regions
of the Earthy and extending it felf round them all, is but one conti-
nued Ocean.

The Water is either Ocean^ Seas^ Straits^ Creeks, Lak^s, or Rivers.

The Ocean is a general Colledion or Rendezvouz of all Waters.

The Sea is a part of the Ocean, and is either exterior, lying open to
the (hore, as the Britifh or Arabian Seas ; or iiitetior , lying witin the
Land, to which you mull pafs through fome Strait, as the Mediterra-
man, or Baltick Seas.

A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean, lying betwixt two
Shores, and opening a way into the Sea, as the Straits of Gtbraltery the
HeVepnt, &c. .

A Cree\is a fmall narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little
way into the Land , otherwife called a Bay , a Station , or Road for
Ships.

A Lak^ is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it, as
the Lakes Nicurgua in America , and Zaire in Africa.

A "B^-iver is a fmall Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land , court-
ing the Banks whilft they their Arms difplay, to embrace her filver
waves.

Of the Names of the Ocean*

According to the four garters it had four Names : From the Eafi
it was called the Eaftern, or Oriental Ocean 5 from the Wefi the We-
(iern, or Occidental Ocean •, from the North the Northern, or Subten-
trional ; and from the South the Southern, or Meridional Ocean: But
befides thefc more general i\r^we/, it hath other particular appellations,
according to the' Countries it boundeth upon, and the nature of the

Sea:

An Introdu^ion to Geography, 9

Sea. : As it lies extended towards the Eaji, it is called the Chinean Seay
from the adjacent Country of China: Towards the South ^th called
Oceanus Indkus ^ or the Indian Sea., becaufe upon it lies the Indians :
Where it touches the Coaft of Terfia., it is called Mare Perfimm : So alfo
Mare Arabicum^ from Arabia : So toward the IVefl is the Ethiopian Sea.
Then the Atlantick^Ocean ., from Atlas^ a Mountain or Promontory in
Africa ; but more Weftward near to America^ it is called by the Spa-
niards, Mar del Nort j and on the other fide of America, it is called Mar
del Zur^ or Mare Pacificum. Where it toucheth upon Spain, it is called
Oceanus Hifpanicus, by iheEngliJh the Bay of Bifcay: The Sea betwixt
England and France is called the Channel 5 between England and Ireland
the Irijh Sea'. Between England and Holland it is called by fome the Ger-
man, or rather the Britijh Ocean: Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Cale-
doniuntj higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean, or Frozen
Sea 5 more Eafirvard, upon the Coaft of Tartary, the "Tartarian Sea ; or
Scythian Ocean, &c.

The Names of the Inland Seas are, i. The Baltic^ Sea, by the VMtch
called the Ooji Zee, by the Inhabitants Vie Belt, lying between Ben-
w^rj^and Sweden, the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound.

2. Pontus Euxinus , or the Blacl^ Sea-, to which joins Mcotis Palus.,
now Mar de Zaback^, on the North ^ smd Mar Marmora on the South.

The third is the Cafpian or Hyrcanian Sea. By the Perfians, Kurfum.

The fourth is the Arabian Gulf, Mare Eryth£umy Mare Rubrum, or
the Red Sea. Mer Rogue Gallis, Mare Rojfo, Italis.

The fifth is the Perfian Gulf, or the Gulf de Elcatif & de Baffora,

The fixth is Mare Mediterranettm, by the EngUfh the Straits , by the
Spaniards, Mar de Levant ; the beginning or entrance of it is called the
Straits of Gibralter, rather Gibal-farif.

Now that all Places, Cities, 'towns. Seas, Rivers, Lak^s, 8cc. may
be readily found out upon the Globe , or Map , all Geographers do, or
Ihould place them according to their Longitude and Latitude ; the* uib
of which in theabfolute fenfe is to make out thepofition of any P/^ce in
reped of the whole Globe, or to fhew the Scitujtion and dijiance of one
place from, and in refped of any other.

Longitudeis the diftance of a place from the firft Meridian reckoned
in the degrees of the Equator , beginning by fome at the Camries, by
others at the Azores -, by reafon of which Ccnfufion, I have made the
Longitudes in this Englifh Geography to begin from London , and are rec-
koned Eaftward and Weftward, according as they are fituated from

G Londi'H

lo Jn IntrodnBion to Geography,

London on the top of the Map. And have alfo added the Longitude
from the Tewfr/f round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of
the Map, as ufually in the Vmch Maps, that fo you may by infpedtion
only, fee the Truth or Error, if you compare them with the lahks or
Maps formerly Extant.

The Latitude of a place is its diftance from the Equator^ reckoned
in the degrees of the great Meridian, and is either North or Souths
according as it lies between the North 2S[A South-Poles of the Equator^.

Copernicary^2

^S'yjhm,

Ptolo.

Zenuh

^ DirectSp/zere

w/ Oblique Sjjkere

■A JParalleLj^phere

An Mvertljement concerning the ^rojeSilon anclUShs of
General mid Particular Maps.

ALthough the Defcription of the Earth upon the Globe be mofi;
proper to the Underftanding, and commenfurabJe to Nature ;
yet there are feveral ways to projedt it in a Plane or Flat. Twoefpe-
cially are now in ufe, one by Parallelogram^ the other hy Planifphere.
Of the Defcription by Parallelogram.

This ufed to be divided into the midft by a Line drawn from North
1 0 50»^j^,reprefenting the great Meridian ^ Crofs to this at right Angles
another Line was drawn from Eaft to Weft for the Equator. The Mot-
dians equally diftant, and the Parallels alfo equally extended, and ftrait
Lines i and this way of Projedion, tho utterly againft the Original
Nature and Conftitution of the Globe^ yet the plain Charts are bound to
follow i indeed *tis ftrangeto me that this Sea-Chart^ being one of the
moft principal Inftruments that the Mariners have for their diredion In
Sailing, and known to be fo greatly and dangeroufly erroneous, yet is
ftill made ufe of, by thofe that would be accounted Excellent.
Of the Defcription by the Planifphere.

This other way of Projedion, reprefents the face of the Earth upoa
a Plane in its own proper figure Spherically, as upon the Globe-^ the
Gibbofity only allowed for, and this is twofold.
Of the SeClion by the Equator.

Suppofe the T'errefirial Globe flatted upon the Plane of the Equator,
and you have this way of Projedion, dividing the Earth into two He-
mifpheres. North and Souths where the Pole is the Center, the Equa-
tor is the Circumference, the Oblique Semi-circle from A'ries to Libra^
is the North-half of the Ecliptick, th^ Parallels are whole Circles, and
the Meridians are ftreight Lines.

Of the SeVuon by the Meridian.

Suppofe the Terrcftrial Globeflatted upon the Plane of the Meridian,
and you have this way of Projedion ; the Equator is here a ftreight
Line, the great Merfdian is a whole Circle, and the leiTer Meridians
are more Circular, as they come near to the great, only that which
paffeth through the midft of the Hemifphere, dividing it into two
equal parts,is a ftreight Line ; fo that the Meridians do not equally in
diftance concur, the Parallels are not Parallels indeed, and the Degrees
are unequal. However this way is that which is now moft in fafhicn :
it is defcribed by thofe two great Circles that take up the following
Map. The Projedion and Delineation of thefe and other particular
Maps will be more at large ftiewed in my hitrodudion to Aftrononr.y
and Geography, as aforefaid. C 2 A

12 A General Map of the Earth.

of the Vfe of Maps. 1 1'

Of Particular Maps.

Particular Maps are but Limbs of the Globe ^ and therefore, tho
they are drawn afunder, yet they are to be made with that proportion,
as aRemembring Eye may fuddenly acknowkdge, and joyn them to '
the whole Body.

They are moft commonly defcribed upon a Parallelogram 5 but it
ought to be with fuch Confideration, that being but Parts and Mem-
bers fevered from the whole, they yet might make as great an Appear-
ance of Integrity and Truth as can be allowed ; and ought to confill
of fuch proportions of Meridians and Parallels, as they truly confilied
of in the Globe it felf. And becaufe no Countrey is exadlyfquare, fo
cnuch of the bordering Territories areufually put in, as may fhew the
Bounds, and fill up the fquare alfo.

The true Projedion of Maps chiefly confifts or depends upon the
fore-knowledge of the true Longitude and Latitude of places ; which
having been fo Notorious Falfe, 'tis ftrange to me how the Maps can
,be true. The Longitude is to be expreffed by Meridians from Eajl to
We(i:. The Latitudeby Parallels from North to South : both which may
be Circles or ftrait Lines. I have fo projeded all thefe MapSj that the
Top and Bottom of the fquare arealv^ays North and South, the right
and left fides Eafi and Weft ; fo that you fee each Country and place
in its true Scituation, as in the Globe or general Map j And have made
the Parallels and Meridians both ftrait Lines, fo that the Longitude and
Latitude are given by Infpedion, only the Meridians are inclining and
concurring towards the Poles, to agree to the Nature of the whole,
whereof they are fuch parts. And here give me leave toadvcrtifejThat
altho in thefe CmzMMaps the Error is not very difcernable i yet cer-
tainly fome Foreign Geographers, whofe Maps are now the Fondlings
of this Age, did not underftand the Projedion of the Sphere-, for to
me it would have been a great fhame to have expofed the parts of the
World fo large, upon fo falfe a Bafis ; which muft needs render them
intolerably falfe in the Difiances of Places, had the Longitudes and La-
titudes been never fo well adjufted j which indeed are as falfe as the
Diftances are.

As to the Graduation cf thefe iV%j-, the Degrees oi Latitude are
divided upon the Eafi and Weft fide ; The Degrees of Longitude upon
the North and South. The South Figures upon the Maps are the Longi-
'tudes from the firft Meridian^ beginning at the Pike of Jenerijf^ and^
reckoned round upontheGlobe to 3 doDegrees.The Northern Figures^
are the Difference of Longitudes from Londony and are reckoned Eafi or
Weil, according as the Scituation of the place-is Eafi or Weft from ^
LondoHo. Foff

14 Of the Vfe of Maps.

For from whence to reckon the Longitude in all Maps, is a fault of
moft Geographers 'j and I anri not the firft that have complained of it ; for
though there be a Graduation, yet you are uncertain where their iirli
Meridian begins.

It will not therefore be amifs, if I tell you the feveral Meridians ob-
ferved, and the Ui^znct oi Longitttde between thefe A/er/^m/, and their
difference from London^ viz. Vtolomys Meridian was Junonia Major ^
Plin. Herat. & Helii. Pto\. Madera^ U^cKigro &Ortelio\ rather F^r/e-
ventura^ tci\e Baud. Herbaniay Sanfone. This Junonia Vfd^s ixom London
20 degr.

The Meridian of the Jrabian Geographer is fomething dubious > for
HerculU Columnte is a Town in Frifi£^ between Groeningen and Coverdm.,
called VuvelfcutZi tefte Ortelio. The Spaniards tell us they are in the
Ifles Gaditana, ilow Cales or Cadez^^ where are two Towers fo called,
Columnas de Hercoles. Others make the two Mountains Ahila and Calpe^
on both fides of the Herculeum Fretum, now Ejhecbio de Gibralter^ to be
the Pillars of Hercules. That of Abila is in Mauritania, now Mons Al-
mina^ tefte Clufto, Mont des Singes, GaUis. Scheminck^lbergb^ Belgis. Calpe
Mons, now Gibralter. Clufio, is a Mountain and City in Spain, over-
againft Ahila, and about 18 miles diftant i now near to, if not the
fame with Ceuta, or Zeuta', Latinis, Septa -, Greets, Septon\ Mauris Bent
Maras tefte Marmolio : But forafmuch as it was but 10 Degrees from
London, zud that it palTedby the utmoft point of the Weftern Shore, it
muft rather be from Hrcukum Vromontorium, ( not Hirtland Point in
Devonjhire) but Cabo Cantin in Morocco^ which is from London about
10 Degrees.

The Dutch Meridian is the Vike of Teneriff, the Nivaria Plin. telle
Sanfon. But by the Bifhops of Girone and Andrea Bacio^ Gomera is the
ancient Nivaria. However the Pz\e is the moft noted place, and indeed
the beft, if all were well agreed, for the firft Meridian, and according
to the beft Obfervations that have been been made, it is from London
18 Degrees.

Ifola del Ferro, ( the Tluitalia Ttol. the Tluvialia , Plin. tefte Andrea
Bacchio. But Niger tells us Gomera is the Fluvitalia of old) now Vl/Ie
de Fer. Gallis ; IJIa de Hierro, Hifpanis ; the French Meridian, is diftant
from London 20 Degrees.

Corvo and Flores, the Meridian of many Writers and Map-makers,
is from London 33 Degrees. St. Michael, the Meridian of our Englifh
Globes, is about 27.

Pico, the Meridian of VudUus Sea-Charts, is 3 1 Degrees.

That oiGraciofa, the Engliji/ Hydrographer, is about 30 Degrees.

Of the Vfe of Maps. 15

By this Table you may eafily know from whence moft Geographers
begin ihdt Longitudes '•, and alfo know hov/ near to truth, by adding
or fubftracSing the proper Numbers in the Table, to or from the
Number found in their Maps.

As to the Scale in particular Maps, it dependeth upon the Degrees
of a great Circle, and the proportion of Miles in each Countrey to
foch a Degree, which I have difcour fed of in Page 2^ to which I refer
you ; only take Notice, That therefore I have made no Scales to the
Maps; forthe Diftanceof any two places taken with your CompaiTes,
and applied either to theEaft or Weft-lide of your Map, which is the
Scale of Latitude, gives you the Number of Degrees that thofe two
places are dilbnt one from the other, which multiplied by 73, gives
you the Number of Geometrical or Italian Miles, by 6p \ for Englijh
Statute Miles, by 25 for French common Leives, by 17 | for the Spanijh
Miles, by 1 5 for the common German^ Dutch, Venmark^ , and Great
Poland Miles, by 10 for Hungarian Miles, by 12 for Suedijh Miles, by
80 for the Mufcovian Verftesor Voreft, by 480 for the Greci^;; Stadia,
or 450 according to Mr. Greaves, by 20 for the Perfian, Arabian, and
'Egyptian Parafanga, now called Farfach, by 24 for the Mogul or Indian
Cos, according to Sanfon, by 250 for the Chiaean Stades, by 400 for^
the Ikins of Japan -, as for the Turl^t, they have no diilindiion of their ;
Ways by Miles, nor Days by Hours.

Of Eurooe.

EVROPE, one of the four great Parts of the PPWld , is alfo
the moft confiderable in reipedt of the Beauty of her King-
doms and Commonrpealths , the Politenefs of her Inhabitants^
the Excellent Government of her Cities ; as alfo in regard
of its Excellency in hcj: 'Traffick^ and Commerce ^ the goodnefs of her
^ir, and general Fertility. It is the lealt Part of all, yet has produced
the great Alexanders and C£fars of the Univerfe ; contains within its
Bounds the principal part of the Roman and Grecian Monarchies ; and,

which

Of Europe, 1 7

which to this day furnilheth the other parts of the World with Colomer.
Its Scituation is all in the Northern Temperate Xone^ which free the Inha-
bitants from the infupportable Heats of j^frick^, and from thofe which
alfo parch the more Southern Climes of ^fia : The Jir is generally
._fweet and temperate, unkfs in the rcmoteft Countries of the North :
The Soil affords all forts of Grain and Fruit, of which the other parts
of the tVorldsLic often in want ; But her higheil Glory and Prerogative
is, that (he is not only Europe^ but Chrifiendom, and hath imbraced the
rrue Religion. But alas ! theftrange Schifms, thelhimeful vices, the la-
mentable cilTentions, the unchriftian divifions about Ceremonies and
Opinions, are fatal Eclipfes of her brightncfs and fplendor, who other-
wife might juftly have been fliled , The Temple of Pveligion : The
Court of Policy and Government : The Academy oi Learning : The
Miftris of Arcs and Sciences : The Maga7ine of Trade: The Nurfc
of VitStorious and famous people : And the Paradice of humane felicity.
' The, length of Europe is varioufly fet down by Geographers. Cluverm
faith from the Cape of St. Vincent unto the mouth of the River Oby^ h
^QQ German^ or ^600 Italian miles: I find that the true diftance can-
notbe more than 50 degrees, which multiplied by 73, for fo many
miles are found to be in a degree, makes 3 55-0 Geometrical or Italian
miles. Sanfon's Map of Europe makes the diftance to be 55 degrees,which
multiplied by 73, makes 40 15, which is 3 65 miles more than thfegrea-
teft diftance can be. But the Great Nen> Jtlas tells us, 'tis 7 1 degrees of
the Equator, which multiplied by 73, makes 5183, which is but 1533
mile§ too large in the length of Europe,

Maginm tells us, that the diftance from Lisbon to ConftantinoPle is ^00
German^ 0X2 A^oo Italian miles. The true diftance I find cannot be more
than 321, which multiplied by 73, makes 23 52 miles. But iS't?«/o«'s Map
makes the Diftance to be 3<5, which makes 276 miles too much

Hf)'/z>2 tells us, that Europe is in length 2800 miles, in breadth 1 2 00
miles j but from whence he begins, or what miles he means, the Rea-
der cannot tell ^ fo that I think he had as good have faid nothing.

The Breadth by Cluverius from Cape Matrapan of the Morea^ to the
North C^e^ is reckoned to be 5 5 o German., or 2 200 Italian miles. Ma-
ginus makes it to be almoft 600 German., or 2400 Italian miles. The
true diftance or difference of Latitude is 35 degr. of the Equator, which
multiplied by 73 makes 2555 miles. Sanfons Map makes it 38 degrees,
which makes 2 774 miles, which is 2 op miles too much. But the great
y4tl.;s tells us, it contains about 44 degrees, which makes 3212 mileSj
^57 miles too large.

Towards the North^Europe is bounded by the Northern (^ce^j^jOther-

b wife

1 8 0/ Europe,

wife called the Frozm Sea^ by reafon of the continual Ice which incom-
modes thofe Parts: Towards the Weft it is limited by the Weftern,
or Athntichpcean ; by the Mediterranean Sea toward the South ; and
beyond that Sea, by part of Africa. As for the Eaftern Bounds, from
the Mediterranean Sea to the North, -they are thefe : The Archipelago^ or
White Se^, anciently called the^^e^«Sea. 2. The Streight of Galli-
p li, or the Vardaneh^ otherwife called the Arm of St. George, and
toniKth' the H:lIefpont. 3. Ey Mrr^di, Marmora^ formerly Mare Pro-
pontis. 4. By the Streight of Coniiantinople, or the Canal of Mar Mag-
giore, formerly the Thracian Bojphorns. 5.Ey the Black^^ or Mar^ Maggiore^
formerly Pontns Euxinns, 6, By the Streight of Cajfa, or VefperOy
otherwife the Mouth of St. John, formerly the Cimmerian BofphorMs,y .By
Mare Limen^ otherwife the Sea of Zabaique and Tanaii, formerly Palus
Mxotis. 8. By theRiverDj««, or T^ana, formerly Tanais. p. By a Line
drawn from the moft Eafiern Winding of Vonn to the Northern Ocean
near Obi : Some there are that draw this Line more to the Pf^eji, from
the Sources of Donn to the JVhite Sea, which is in Mofcovy, making
Europe much lefs than it is. Others inclofe within the Limits of Eu-
rope all the Conqueft of the Great Duke of Mufcovy, which are in the
Afiatic\ T'artary.

E«ra/?e is divided into Continent and Iflands, which contain thefe
Kingdoms ox E(i ate f, wz. Towards the North, the IJles of Great Britain,
containing the Kingdoms of England., Scotland, and Ireland, the Prin-
cipality of JVales, with mzny Iflandf dependant upon them.

2dly^ Scandinavia, containing the Kingdoms of i .Denmarl^^^ with Nor^
way, and Sweden, ^dly. The (everal Kingdoms, Dutchies, &c, of the
Grand Czar oi Rujfta znd Mufcovia. 4. The Kingdom, Eftates, &e, of
Poland and Lithuania.

Towards the Middle, 1. The Northern Eftates of I'urky in Europe,
viz. I. 'Tartaria Europa, Walachia, Moldavia, Tranflvania, and Hungaria:
2. The Empire of Germany, with its eight Electorates. 3. The
Eftates of the Republick of Switzerland. The Seven Vnited Provinces.
The Ten Spanijh Provinces. 4. The Kingdoms of France , with its
Twelve Governments, and late Acquiiitions.

Towards the South : i. The Kingdoms and Principalities of Spain :
2. The Kingdom of PortugaLThe Kingdoms and Eftates in /^^/j'. The
Eftates and Dukedom of Savoy, Piedmont, dec. The Kingdoms and Ifles
of Sicily, Sardinia, and Majorca, See. The Southern Eftates of Turky in
Europe, viz, Sclavonia, Croatia, Valmatia, Ragufa, Bofnia, Servia, Bul-
garia. The Countrey of Greece, containing the Kingdoms and parts of
Romania, or Thracia, Macedonia, 'Thejfalia , Albania^ Epirus and Cr£cia,

Of Europe, 1 9

or Jchaia, and Feloponnefus^ox thcMorea^ with thelfie o{ Negropont., &c*
Theljhfids of Europe zxe feated, either in the Ocean-^ the Mediterra,
nean^ or iB^/fic^Seas. The JJIands lying in the Oc.vw, are, the BritiJJj Ifles
aforefaid j A^iw/)/, Sardiuia^ Corftcj^ ?.nd Candy ^ are the biggeft //Zc^w^// in
the Mediterranean. The Illands of the Baltic^ Sea we (hall fpeak of in the
Defcription of Denmark.

We may confider the Eftates of Enrope according to their Titks,with-
out regard to their Dignity, and fay that there is, i. The Eftate of the
Church or Fope in Italy. 2. Two Empires -^ Germ my ^ and Turkj' The
firft,haifMonarchy,haIf Commonwealth : The latter only Monarchical.
3. Seven Kingdoms, every one Govern d by their own Kings, that ac-
knowledge no Superior, viz. England^ France^ Spain^ Portugal^ Svpcde-
land^ Denmark^, and Poland. That of France is mod perfed:, and de-
fcends only to the Heirs male ever fince the Salique-Law. The iive other
admit the Female. All are Hereditary, only Poland^ which is Eledive.
There are moreover in E/;rc/?c other lefTer Kingdoms comprehended un-
der thefe, as thofe of Bohema^nd Hungary^ under the Emperor c^ Ger-
many. That of Ai?t^^)T under the King of France. That of Naples mltalyy
Sicily^ Sardinia^ and Majorca^ under the Crown of Spain. And thofe oJF
Scotland and /re/<««^^ under the King of England. 4. Eight Electorates,
Mayence^ Treves^ Cologn^ Bohemia^ Bavaria , Sax--^ny , Brandenhurgb , and
the Palatinate of the PJnne. 5. One Arch- Duke, the Duke of Aujiria.
6. Two Great Dukes, of Mofcovy and "tofcany. The Prince of the firll
affumesthe Title of Emperor, and indeed it is a Dukedom on which
depends thirty other Dutchies, and three Kingdoms. This Duke is ab-
folute over his Subje<3:s, and is called by the general Name of Gran
Czar. 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms, befides thofe, that are under the
Empire, Savoy^ Lorrain, Mantua.^ Modena^ Parma. SlvA Cmland. 8. Four
Principalities that depend upon the TurJ^s^ Tranfilvania^ Walachia^ Mol-
davia^ and the lefler Tartary. p. Seven Commonwealths, the Seven
Vnited ProvinceS't Switzerland^ Venice, Genoa, Geneva, Ltica, and Ragufa.
To which fome add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy. Lafxly, A
great number of Principalities and Imperial FreeTowns.en joying aSove-
raignty in their Territories,buc yet they acknowledg a Superior Power.
The Ecclefiaftical Government of Europein general, is either Papal,
owning the Pope as Supreme j or Epifcopal, owning the King as Su-
preme in all caies, and Archbifnops and Bifhops under him. Or Su-
perintendant, which is a kind of Epifcopal among the Lutherans., but
yet OA'ning no Head of the Church on Earth, neither Pope nor Kin^r,
nor Civil Magiftrate. There is alfo the P/vj'^)'fcrw«, or Syncdical, own-
ing a Presbytery, a Synod, or Lay-Elders, e^^c. as Supreme, but no Ei-
(hops or Superintendants. ^ D 2 There

^- Of Europe:

rTil'^'4^''^ 1°"'^''"^'^^^ I^«^«^^./ reckon'd to be fpoken in thispart
ot theViorld; tutonicK, Latm, Greek, ^nd Sclavonian. Thcruiomck
IS of three forts, High Vutch in Germany, Saxon in England and Scotland:
Dam(h in Vmmark,, Sweden, -Rorxvay^vA Ireland, The Latin is corrupted
into Ijahan, French, znd Spanijh. Th? Gm^had formerly four VialeSs
the Atticf^ lomck,, Vorick, and ^olick. The Sclavonian Language runs
through all Sclavonia, Bohemia, Poland and Mofcovy, and all the Turbp
tmpircm Europe. There are alfo feven other Languages of lefs Note
which are ufed in Europe : The Albanian, or Epirotic\\n Epirus and Ma-
cedonia. The CofacJ^ot Tartarian m part of P^/^«^and Tartary. The
Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia, Bofnia, Bulgaria^ and Hungary, &c. the
Finickjn Finmar}{znd Lapland, Irijh in Ireland znd Scotland. The Britijh
Is fpoken in ^^<a/e/, Cornvoal, and in Britany in France. B?/m^« is fpoken
only in B//c<?«j/ near to the Cantabrim Ocean, or Bay of Bifcay^

2£

f the Britifh Ifles

NDEPv this Title are comprehended feveral diftindl and
famous Illands, the whole Dominion whereof (now Uni-
ted ) is under the Command of the King of Great Bri-^
tain, &c. Bounded on the North and Weft with the Hy-
perborean and Vucalidcnean Ocean, on the South divided from France
with the Engltjh Channel, on the Eaft feparated from Denmark, and
Belgia with the Britifh (by fome called the German) Ocean : But on all
fides environed with Turbulent Seas, guarded with Dangerous Rocks
and Sands, defended with ftrong Forts,, and walled with a Potent and
Royal Navy. Of thefe Iflands one is very large, formerly called Al'

ila^n, now Great Britain^ comprehending two Kingdoms, England and
Smland: The other.of lefler extent makes one Kingdom,caned Ireland:

^The other fmaller adjacent Ifles are comprehended under one or other

^of thefe three Kingdoms, according to the Situation and Congruity
with them. Many are the Changes and Alterations that thefe I/lands
have received in their Governments (ince their Origijial difcovery ^
they were firil poffelTed by divers People, independent one upon the

-^other, fuppofed to be the Britains defcended fron:> the Gauls ; for at
the Entrance of the Romans, the Ifland of Great Britain was divided in-
to feveral' Nations, each governed by his own King znd particular
Princes, different in their Ends and Couiifels, and fo the more eafily
fubdued by the Roman Force.

jfT 'After the Romans-^ the Englijh Saxons were called in by the Britains,
to aid them againft the Pids. The Inhabitants of Scotland (who,
gfter the common manuer of Foreign Auxiliaries, foon feized the bet-
ter part for themfelves , and eftablifhed Seven Kingdoms, commonly
called the Saxon Heptarchy) Fotc'm^ the Britains, the Ancient Vroprie^
tors, to retire, fome mto Britain in France (from whence fotue think
they tirit came ) but moft of them into the t^^eftern and Mountainous
Part, called by the Saxons, WaJiJh Land~/no\y Waks ', where their Po-
ftesify ftill temains.

A yi--

Of the I/les of Britain,

'niie State of England m the time of Pcol.Dmy . living tn the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, aZ-o;!/- the yar

of Rome 892, and. about 9 s years fince the Cor.quefi thereof by the Emperor Cla'.'.tiius Csefar- ^Ifo a. Taile

I cfthe Saxon He-f',archy.

\^ncient Inhabitants

Ciunttes tiames.

iThe Cantli of

The Rhegn

or,
Rhegim

Thelceni, orSime-

11 of --^^ '-

'}.

The Trinobantes,
' or Trinoantes.

^iicient Names of f>;.
1 Towns.

K.ent

Durovernum
'Rut'jpias, or,
Ritupis

Surry
5uflex

NaeoaiagLis, <
Noviomagus
!vindoni.«

Norfolk
Suffolk

CamBridgmire; aild^!"
.jHuntingwpflute_-
Middlcfot '.' ■
Eflex
Harcfordihire Van

Venta Icencrum
iVilla Fauftini

TheBrigantfs

The Ocalini, ©p, 3
Otadenii. ' ^

Yorkfliife

Cumberland

Lancaihire

Durham

Cacvellani, ' "'

or, .
CatyeuchlanP,-

Coricani, or,
Coritavi

Weftmeiland. -"
Morthuniberland

. Dobuni, t

Dodunri .

Cornavii

Part of the Silures

DuihfEonii

Belgx-

Qai-otrigeg
Atreb5ti

hJU.

LanQinKJOi'
Cam'.dolanum.br, ]
Camulqd'j
Carrialodu

lanum.br, )
iunum,or, ^
lunim ' ■■ y

Iiuriuiu

Eboracurn

Olicana

Camuloduaum

Epfecum

Rhigodftnum

Vanov'ium .

Caturav^ionium

Calat'.-.m

Curia

Brcmcnium -

SaXenas

Laiiadurum

Bedfordfliire

Buckinghamfliire

Part of HartfordihirelVerolamium

Lincolnfeire Lindura

Ldcefterfhire Ragas, or Rads

Rutlandfliire

Norrhatriptonfhire Bennaventa

Notcinghamfhire

Darbyfhire

Glpcefterfliire

Oxfordfhire

Chelhire

Shropihire
Stafford fliire
Worcefterftiire
Vvarwickihire
Herefcrdfhire

Cornwall

Devonfhire

Sorberfetfhire

Wiidliire

Hampfliire

Dorfetibire

5arkinire

Tneprejent Aamey.

anterhiiry
Richhorough,
VLilgo Rochefter

Saxsii titptarciiy.

Kingdom of Ker.t

WoCLicot-Hill, near
W'imbleton
VVilchelfcy

lafter

t. Edmundsbury

London
Maldon in Effex

Aldburrow

York

irikley

Aldmondsbury

Papcaftlo

Ribiechefter-,' ■ ;,

Binchefter

CatarickinRichm.

Wheallep Caftle

orbridg
Rochefti.T

Corinium

Deva, or Devana
Virocfcnium

Brannogenium
Mandueffedum
Ariconium

Uxela, or Uzela

Voliba
IjIfcaAugufta
^ Aqus Calid«

Venta Belgarum

Dunium, or Durno-
varia ; '

Nalcaa, or Caleva

-f

The Kingdom of the
Northuinbers whidi
was divided ■ into
two Kingddms.jX/zk,.
Deira and Bernica

Sanday '

Stonyfrratfbrd

Verulura

Lincoln

Leicefter

VVedon

Cirenchefter

Weftchefter
Wroxcefter '

Worceftejr
Manchefter

Kenchftfter

Lyftwithiel

Falitiouth

Exceter

Bath

Winchefter

Dorchefter .

>Vallingford

Kii'gaoin 01 tiic
Sojth Saxons

Kingdom of rhe
• '^Eafl^Angles

Kingdom of the
Ealt Saxon* •

! The Kingdom of
^ • Mircia.

The Kingdom of the
Weft Saxons.

it jC >n.yi>-^^-^%-"'

After

Of EngUnL 23

After this the Vams broke in, like a violent flood upon the Northttm-
hers ; and though often vanquiftied, yet being as often vidorious, they
at la ft feized on the Monarchy of England^ which was fometimes held
by theVanes, fometimes by the Saxons ; till William Duke oi Normandy
took it from Harold^ and eftabliOied the Monarchy-, which hath ever
fince continued in a Succeilion of Eight and twenty Princes, down to
our Prefent Gracious Soveraigns King William and Queen Mary,

ENGLAND.

^ Talk cmtaitmig the Cottntia or Shires, their Titles, Cities and Tiwns, their Lititude, computed dijiance, and Menfured
diftancsfyom London. Tae number of Mirkct -Towns, rf Parliament-men, of p^rijhes tn each Cr.mty, and timr ancient
h'ame!.

I E,

C ottnties or Shires.

Bedfordihict;
Baikfliii-o
Buckinghamfliii'e
Caitibridglliire

Cheniire C. P.
C'ormval

Cumberland
Darbylhirc

Dcvonihire

Dorfctfhire

Durham

Eflex

Gloctftefhrire

Hartfortiliire

Hampfliire

Herefordiliire

Himtingtonfhirc

Kent

LancaihireCP.

Leiccfterfliire

Lincc,lnfhire
Midulelcx

Wcftmorland
W iltlhire

Worcefltnliire

Yorklr.ire

Titles.

D.M.
E.

E.
E.

E.
E.
M.

V. C.

r.
V. c.

A.B.
E.

E.
E.
E.

Monmouth
Korf^lk

Northampton

Northumberland

Nottingham

Oxfordllure

RLitknd

Shropflifre

E.
E.
E.
D.M.E
E.
E-

Somcrfetiliire
Staffordflure

E.
E.
E.

Suffolk

V. C.

Siirry

SulTcx
Warv.'ickfliirc

E.
E.
E.

E.
E.

M. E.
D.
D.

Cities and Tovuns.

Bedford

Reading

Buckingham

Cambi idg

Ely, B. C.

Ch.^r, B.C.

Launccfton

Truro

Carline, B. C.

Darby

Exeter, B. C,

Plymouth

Dorchefter

Durham, B.C.

Colchcfter

Chelmsford

Gloceftcr, E. C

Hartbrd

St. Albons

Winchcfter , C B.

Southampton

Hereford, B. C-

Hjntington

Canterbury, C.

Rochcftcr, B.

Lancaftcr

Manchefter

Leicefter

Lincoln

London, B. C.

Weftminfter

Monmouth

Norwich, B. C.

Yarmouth

Peterborough.BC

Northampton

Newcaftle

Nottingham

Oxford, B. C

Okeham

Shrewsbuty

Ludlow

Briftol, C. B.

Bath, B.C.

Litchhtld, B. C-

Stafford

[pfwich

Bury

Guilfjrd

Kingfton

Chicefter, B. C.

Warwick

Coventry, B. C.

Kendal

Salisbury B. C.

Wilton

Worcei'tcr

York, A. B.C.

Richir.ond

Liitt-
ude.

8
23
2 00
■^ 15

2 26

3 17
o 49
o 27

4 59
2 58
o 43
o 25

0 41

4 49

1 58
I 47

I 54

I 49
I 45
I 3

0 53

1 8

2 10
I 19

1 24
4 27

3 35

2 40

3 15
I 3T
I 70

1 52

2 42

2 44

2 35

Com.
Dtft.

40
32
44
44
57
I40
'75

2l2
228
98
I 40
184

loo

200

44
25
83
20
20

54
62
I02
48
46

27
187

137

102

100

lOo

212,

7 +

124

105

104

203

150

Me.

Dift

182

210

263

301

122

172

215

123

262

105

130

232

180

128

127

loS

122

276

112

157

136

115

118

133

258

112

192

,s|

240

Par.
Con.

4 I 116
9 140

1S5
163

68
161

58
106

324

24S

415

280
120

248

176

398

200
631

lj6
625

326

47
168
158

170

385
130

575
140

312
158

26
804

152
563

■Old Names.

Bedfordia

Readingum

Bukinghamia

Camborltum

Elia

Deva

Lanftaphadonia

Luguvallum

Derbia (rum

Ifca Damhonio-

Plimuta

Dunium

Dunellum

Colonia

Canonium

Clerum

Hertfordia

Veruhmium

\'cnta Belgarum

Clauftntum

Herefordia

Huntingdonia

Durovcrnum

Roffi

Longovicus

Mancunium

Rhaga

Lindum

Londinum

Veftmonafterium

Monumetia

Norvicum

Gariannorum

Petroburgum

Antona Borealis

Gabrofentum

Nottinghamia

Oxonium

L^xocona

Salopia

Liidloa

Briftolium

Aquae Calidae

Lichfeldia

Staffordia

Gippevicum

Villa Fauftini

Neomagus

Rcgiopolis

Ciceftria

Prxlidium

Conventria

Concangium

Sorbiodunum

Bannogcnium

Eboracum

Richmondia

THE

OfEnglarJ. 2$

THE better part of the beft Ifland in the whole Earth (anciently,
together with Scotland^ as was faid before, called Great Britain,
and fometimes Albion) was by Egbert the ilth King of the W(j} Saxons
advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy, who having with profpe-
rous Arms fubdued the principal Kingdoms oi the Saxon Heptarchy, Ai-
led himfelf the lirft Monarch j and commanded this South Part of. Bri-
tain fhould be called Angky or Engh-londy from the Angles a People of
the lower Saxons, of whom he was defcended ; by the French, Angle-
terre 5 by the Germans, Englandt ; and by the Inhabitants, England,

It is in length (from Benaoick^'m the North, to the IJIe of JVight in the
South) 375 Miles i and from P<7t'er in the Eafi, to the LW/-E«^ in
CornrvaU'm the Wefi, about 328 of the fame Miles j whereof 73 make
a Degree : In Compafs about 1300 Miles ; in Shape, Triangular 5
and by computation contains about 30 Millions of ^cre/, being about
the Thoufandth part of the Globe j and the Three hundred thirty third
Part of the habitable Earth.

England was, in the time of the Romans, divided into Britania Prima,
Britania Secmda, and Maxima C£farienfis ; the firft of thefe contained
the South part of England^ the fecond all the Wejiern part, now called
TVales j and the third, the Northern parts beyond Trent. After the Bri-
tains had received the ChrijHan Faith, they divided the fame into three
Provinces, or Archhijhoprickf, viz. of London , which contained that of
Britania Prima ; ofTorJ^, which contained thzt pi Maxima C£farienfjs i
of Caerlion, under which was Britania Secunda : Divided afterwards
by the Saxons info Seven Kingdoms, as aforefaid.

At prefent, England^ according to its Refpe<St of Church and State,
is fubjec^ to a fourfold divifion: Firft into two Provinces, or Archbijhop-
rickj, Canterbury and Tork^^ and under thefe are 2 2 Bifhop, or Epifcopal
Viocejfes, of which Canterbury hath 21, therefore called the Primate and
Metropolitan of all England s and that of Tor^, three: Then there are
Deanries 6q , Arch-Veanries ^ Prebendaries, and other Dignities 544,
with P725 Parochial Benefices, and Vicaridges befides, of good Com-
petency for the Encouragement of the Clergy, who, for ability of Learn-
ing are not to be parallel'd in the World.

A Catalogm

Of EngUnd,

A Catalogne of the Archbithopricks and bilhopricks of England and Wales,
mth tvhat Counties are under their Jurifdidions , and the Number of
Parifhes and Impropriations that are in each Diocefs

Archbijhoprkk^^
and Biff-jofrkki.

Canterbury

York

London

Durham

Winchefter

Bath and Well
Oxford

Bangor

Rochefter
Ely

Chichefter

Salisbury

Worcerter

Lincoln

St. Afaph
St. Davias
Peterborough

Landaff

Countries under each of their Jurifdi^ions*

\Par.in\Imp»
DiocefVioc

Carlile
Exeter

Chefter

Briftol

Norwich

Glocefkr

Hereford
Lichfield

}

i
}

}

Hath Canterbury, and part of Kent, befides

peculiar in the Diocefs of Canterbury.
Hath Yorkihire and Nottinghamlhire.
Eflex, Middlefex and part of Hartfordfhlre.
Durham,Northumberland,and thelfle of Man.
Hampftiire, Surry, Ifle of Wight, Gernfey,

andjerfey, and Alderny.
Somerfetfliire.
Oxford (hire.
Cirnarvanfhire, Anglefey, Merionethfhire,

and part of Denbilhire.
Part of Kent.
Cambridgfliire, and part of Ely.
^uffex, and part of Hartford Ihire.
Wiklhire and Barkfhire.
Worceilerfliire, part of Warwickfhire.
Lincoln, Leiceiier, Bedford, Huntington, 2

Buckingham, and part of Hartfortfliire. \
Part of Flintfhire, and part of Denbighfhire.
Perabrokeftiire, and Carmarthenlhire.
Northampton, and Rutlandlhire
Glamorganftiire,Monmouth5Breckncck,and
, part of Radnorfhire.
Cumberland, and part of Weftmorland.
Devonftiire and Cornwall.
Chelhire, part of Yorkfhire, Lancafhire, 7

' nd.J

}
}

257

57
581
^23

135

ip^

107

p8
141

250
248
241

1255

12 1

308
iP3

177

P3
<5o4

256

part of Flint, and part of Cumberla

Dorfetfhire.

Morfolk and Suffolk.

jlocefterfhire.

Hereford (hire, Shropfhire, part of Worce . ,.
fl:er(hire, and part of Radnor{hire. r 3 3

Sta(ford(hirc, DarbyQiire, part of Warwick-
fhire, part of Shropihire.

235
1 121

26 J

}557

140

335

i8p

131

160
88

3<^

75
112

lop
76

577

120

ip
p8

18
23P

lOI

385
125

\66

250
Thi

Of England. 27

The fecond Divifion wasby KingH.^«ry the Second into fix Circuits*
appointed to the Itinerary Judges ^ who are twice in a year in the chie^
Town of each County in their refpeCiive Circuit, to determine Caufesi
and adminifter Juftice for the Eafe of the People.

The third is the Military Divifion^ for the railing of Horfe and Foot
for the King's Service : It is alfo divided by the King's Juftices in Eyrs
of the Foreft 5 and by the King of Arras into North and South of Trent.

The laft Divifion i^ that of Shires or Counties, hrfi ordained by King
j4fred, which are fubdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes, and thoie
again into Tythings. He alfo appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriffs whofe
Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire : To Exe-
cute the Kings Writs and Precepts, and perform feveral other duties ne-
ceflary for the Execution of Juftice, and Welfare of the People : And
thefe Sheriffs are generally chofen out of the chicfell of the Gentry.
King Edtvard the Third ordained in every Shire, certain Civil Magi-
jirates, intitled Jujiices of the Peace , whofe Duties are, to look after
the Difordersthat arife in the Shire, or Hundred in which they reiide,
and to punifli Offenders.

There are in all England 2 ^ Citks, <58o Great Towns, called Mar-
h^t'Tomis ; p'j2'^Pari(hes, and in many of which are contained feveral
Hamlets or ViHages as big as ordinary Parijhes.

England is bled with a fweet and temperate Air, the Cold in Winter
being lefs Sharp than in fome parts of France and Italy, which yet are
feated far more Southerly *, And the Heat in Summer is lefs fcorching
than in fome parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward.

For as in Summer, the gentle Winds , and frequent Showres, qua-
lifie all violent Heats and Droughts ; fo in Winter the Frofts do only
meliorate the Cultivated Soil, and the Snow keeps warm the tender
Plants.

The whole Countty is exceeding Fertile, abounding with all forts
of Grain, Rich in Paflure, containing innumerable quantities of Cattel,
yielding great plenty of all forts of Forvl, Wild and Tamej Its Seas
and Kivers infinitely ftored with all variety of excellent Fifh: In its
Bowels are found Pvich Mines of LW, Tinn, Iron, Copper and Coal, as
ufeful as advantageous to the Nation : Nor doth it want Mines of Sil-
ver, tho rare, and but in fmall quantities : It hath excellent Hot Baths,
and divers Medicinal Springs: It is bravely furniftied with Variety of
pleafaiit Orchards and Gardens , luxuriant with all forts of excellent
Fruits, Plants and Flowers,

The Englijh are Governed by feveral Laws, viz. Common Lsrv, Statute
Larr, Civil Lxw, Canon Lavo, and Martial Law, befides particular Cu-
ftoms and By-Laws. E 2 The

&S Of E^glanL

The Common Law oi England is a CoUedion of the General Com-
mon Cujiom and Ufages of the Kingdom, which have by length of
time and immemorial Prefcription, obtained the force of Laws •, for
Guftoms bind not the People till they have been tried and approved
time out of mind. Thefe Laws were firft reduced all into one body,
by King Edtpard the Elder, about the year poo ; revived by KingEd-
vpard the ConfefTor i William the Conqueror added fome of the Cufloms
of Normandy^ fince which Edwardxhc Firft did fettle divers fundamen-
tal Laws, ever fince pradifed in this Nation.

Where the Common Law is fiient, there we have excellent Statute'
Laws made by the feveral Kings of England.^ by and with the advice
and Confent of the Lords Spirit ural and 'Temporal^ and Commons of Eng'
land , by their Reprefentatives the Knights, Citizens and Burgejfes duly
Eledled in Parliament.

Where Common and Statute- Lat^ take no Cognizance, As in matters
tranfac^ed beyond the Seas, and relating to the Admiralty, &C. Ufe
is made of the Civil Latv^ which ought to be the Product of the Com-
mon Reafon and Wifdom of all Mankind, and fitted for the Intereft and
Welfare, not only of one Nation, but takingCarefor the general Af-
fairs of all People.

The Canon- Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and
Provincial Synods, the divers Decrees and Judgments of the yincient
Fathers^ &c. received by the Church oi England', by which flie pro-
ceeds in her Jurifdidtions j as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward
man, and matters accounted of a fpiritual Nature, as Cafes Matrimo-
nial, Teftamentary, Scandals, Offences againft good Manners, &c.

Forejl-Laws are, for regulating Offences committed in, or relating
unto fome Foreft or Chafe, for prefervation of the Game, &c.

Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners, and is not to be
pradtifed in times of Peace, but only in War, and then and therejwhere
the King's Army is afoot.

The T>o&rine of the Church of England is ApoftolicaU contained either
in exprefs words of the Holy Scripture, or in the 3p Articles, and the
Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto 5 the Worfhip and
Difcipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons : By all which it will
appear to impartial eyes , that the Church of England is the moft exad
and perfed Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy
glory in this, that (he is the Garden of the Earth ; it may truly be
faid o^England, that it is the Court and Trefence-Chamber of the Great Je-
hovah ; which ftiould engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk fuitable
to fuch Mercies, and not to forfeit thofe ineftimable Priviledges, by our

crying

Of England,* 29

aying fins \ for how can we expedl that Gk)d Ihould always continue
fo gracious to us, if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonnefs ?
Englandis a Free, Hereditary, Paternal Monarchy, Governed by one
Supreme, Independent and Undepofable Headjaccordingtothe known
Laws and Cuftoms of the Kingdom: A Monarchy ^thzt without Inter-
ruption hath been continued 1000 years; in a word, a Government
of a perfed and happy compofition, wherein the King hath his full Pre-
rogative, the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Refpedi 5 and the Peo-
ple in general, Malkrs of the Eftates they can get by their Labours and
Endeavours 5 a Bleiling that few Countries can boali of: O happy and
bkfled England ! Thy Valleys are like Eden, Thy Hills like Lebanon.Thy
Springs as Shiloe^ and thy Rivers as Jordan 5 a Paradife of Pleafure,
and the Garden of God, enriched with all the Bleflings of Heaven and
Earth.

Her chief Cities are London, Londiniumoi Ptolomy, Ant. &'tac.Lunden
Ger. Londra^Ita. Londres Gal, the Epitome of England, the Seat of our
Briti(h Empire, the Chamber of the King,and the chiefeft Emporium (or
feat of Traffick ) in the world : To defcribe all things in this City
worthy to be known, would take up a whole Volume. I (hall only
fay, feated (he is in an Excellent Air, in a Fertile Soil, and on the fa-
mous Navigable River Thames^ about <5o miles from the Sea, in 5 1 deg.
30 min. North Latitude.

In Length from Eaji to Weji fevcn Englifli miles and a half i and from
North to Sottth two miles and a half: But of late years fo increafed and
ftill multiplying in Building in all her parts, that there can no Bounds
or Limits be fet to her Circumference. The Buildings fair and liately ;
for large Pia2za's,for fpacious ftraight Streets and ftately Uniform Buil-
ding, fce has not any Rival in Europe.

It hdid 1^0 Parijh- Churches, hcUdcs Chappels ', the Mother-Church is
that of St. Paul, the only Cathedral of thatName inEurope : It was a
Strudure for length 6po foot ; in breadth 130, in height 102 foof,
and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground ; Built in the
form of a perfedCrofs, in the midft whereof was raifed a Tower of
Stone 260 foot high ; and on that a Spire of Timber, covered with
Lead, 2 60 foot more. This (lately Monument of England, and Glory
of the City of London, was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration
in 1 666. Yet fince, our hte Gracious Sovereign, Charles the Second, like
another Solomon, laid a New Foundation of fuch a Fahrick^, as for M^g-
tiificence. Splendor, Figure, and Excellent Architeclure,t.\\QJVorld never faw
the like : The Model whereof was Defigned by that Incomparable
Archite^, Sir Chriliopher PFren,

And

^o ^f Efigland.

And hete I cannot but give a ftiort Acconnt of the vaft Damage and
Spoil done by the forementioned Fire : It hath been computed that
there were burnt within the Walls of the City 12000 Houfes, and
without 1000; Valued at three MiUions and nine hundred thoufand
pounds Sterling.

BefidesSy Parifh-Churches, the aforementioned Cathedral^ the T^oyal
Exchange^ the Magmfi cent Guild- Hall, the Cujiom-Htmfe^ the many Ha///
of Companies, thcGates^ with other Publick Buildings, valued at two
Millions. ThsTf^are- houfes. Stuffs, Money, and Goods loft and fpoiled,
were eftimated to two Millions of pounds. The Money fpent in Remo-
ving of Goods and Wans, in the Hire of Carts, Boats, Porters, dec. mo-
delHy computed at the leart tvvO hundred thoufand pounds: The
whole Damage amounting at the leaft to Nine Millions, nine hundred
thoufand pounds. And what is moll: Remarkable, that notwithftanding
thefe excellive Loflesby Fire, the Devouring Peftilence but the Year
before, and the Chargeable War againft three Potent Nations at the
fame time" depending, yet within four or five Years the City was Re-
built, divers Itately Halls and Churches ereded j all infinitely more
Beautiful, more Commodious, and more Solid than before 5 for which
all praife and glory be given to God by us and Potkriry.

The vaft Traihck and Commerce of this City may be guelTed at, by
ksCuftomsj which, tho moderate, compsired with the Impofitions of
other Countries, did formerly amount to about 300000/. per An-
num, and now are increafed by report to a much greater Value.

Time would fail me here, to fpeak of its Antiquity, Stately Palaces,
Streets, Exchanges, Number of Inhabitants, Trade, and Government i of
its well-fortitied torver( the Grand Arfenal of the Kingdom: ) Its in-
comparable Bridge, Publick^CoIIedges, Schools, Hofpitals, Wcrk^hcufes, &C.
I (hall therefore only add, London is a huge Magazine of Mtn, Money,
Ships, and all forts of Commodities j the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility,
Gentry, Courtiers, Divines, Lappyers, Phyfcians, Ladies, Mir chants. Sea-
men, and all kind of ^xceWeni Artificers, of the moft Res'ined Wits,
and the moft Excellent Beauties in the rvorld.

Of EngUnL Jx

Of the Univerfities, Oxford: Oxomum L.tt. Ca/kva Ant,
OxenfordS.ix, RhUkhm or Rhydychm Brit, And Camhridgy
Q&mboricum Ant, Cajitahrigia Beda. Gramh^fler Sax,

IN the be.iutilul Body of the Kingdom of England^ the two Eye/ are
the two Vniverfities j thofe Pvcnowned Nurferies of Learning and
Religion, which for number of Magnihcenc and Pvichly-Endovvcd Col-
ledges, for liberal Stipends to all forts of Pablick ProfdTors, for number
of well-furniihed Libraries, for Number and (X^allty oi Students, exadt
Difcipline and Order, are not to be parallel'd in the whole World.

So famous beyond the Seas, and fo much furpitling all other in Fo-
reign parts, that they deferve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon
their Excellency. I (hall therefore only fay, that nothing was everde-
vifed more fingularly ad vantagious to God's Chitrch and mans Hippineff^
than thefe ZJmverfities i from whence men of Excellent parts, after lea-
fonable time in Study, are called forth to ferve both in Church znd State,

Tor\, Ebcracum Ant, Eburacum Ptol. Caerfroch^ vel Caer-Efroc Brit, is a
City of great Antiquity, efieemed the fecond of England ■-> Famous for
its Cathedral, for the Birth-place of Conjiantine the Great, and the Bu-
rial-place of Severus the Emperor ; it is the Title of the King's fecond
Son, and an ArchbiSioprick.

Canterbury. Vurovernum.Varvenum Ant.& VtoLVurovernia Beda, is remar-
kable for being the Seat of an Archbifhop who is Primate of all England,

Brifhl, Brijhlium, Famous for its Trade and Commerce, and for its
Scituation in two Counties.

Norrvich, Norvicum, for its Indufiry in W^oollen Manufactures.

Salisbury, Sarum, for its rare Cathedral, wherein there are as many.
Doors as Months, as many Windows as Days, and as many Pillars as
Hours in the Year«

Wind/or, Windlefora, pleafantly feated on the fide of the Thames, and
is famous for itsftately Callle, and Royal Palace of Their Majefties.

Glaucefier is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain, feated upon
the Severn^ near the Ifle Aldney, where was fought the Combat between
EdiTMnd Iron- fide. King of the Englijh Saxons, ^nd^Canutus the Vane.

I had purpofed to have given a more particular defcription of all the
reft of the principal Cities in England, but mult defer it for a Treatife
of England., wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after-
a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant , 1 (hall there-
fore here fay no more of England,

0£

Of Wales.

Of Wa/es. 53

WALES IS z Principality adjoining to, and annext in Govern-
nnent with England', Inhabited by the Pofterity of the Ancient
Britans, who being driven out o^ the reft of the Land by the intruding
Saxons, whom they fent for over to affift them againft the Incurfions
of the Scots and Pitts^ (heltered themfelves in thole Mountainous parts,
and to this day retain their Primitive Language, which hath the leaft
mixture of Exotkkwoxds of any now ufed in Europe, but by reafon of
its many Confonants is lefs pleating to the Ear : The People are Faith-
ful, and very loving to one another in a ftrange Country, and to firan-
gers in their own. Their Gentry brave and Hofpital, but generally fub-
jedl to Choler,,fuddenly moved to Anger, and as quickly pacified j and
value themfelves very much upon their Pedigrees and Families. The
Eldeft Son and Heir Apparent of our Kings of England is always qua-
lified, during the Life of his Father, with the Title of Prince of Wales,

'Tis bounded on all fides by the Sea, except towards England, from
which it was once feparated by a great Ditch called Offas Dike, in
many places yet to be feen, which Dike began from the Influx of the
River Wye, in the Severn, and reached unto Chejhr, about 85 Miles.
Moft Writers tellus, *tis now divided by the River Ptc, and a Line
drawn to the Fviv a Wye. But Mcnmouth being taken from it, and ad-
ded w England, its prcfent Limits are the River Vee, and a Line drawn
to the fmall River Kumpney near Cardiff.

The Couiitry is generally Mountainous, yet not without its fertile
Vallies, which bears good Corn, and breedeth abundance of Cattel 5
which produce fl ore of Butter and Chcefe. Other Commodities are,

Weljh Fieeics, Cottons, Bayes, Herrings, White and Red, Hides,
Calves-skins, Honey, Wax. It hath Mines of Lead, Lead-ore, Coals,
It is well fiored with Quarries of Free- ftones, and Milftones.

It once contained three Kingdomes, viz. Grvineth, Venedotia, or
I<!orth'Wales. Vdnubanh , Demetia^ ot South- Wales. And Pon^ifland^
or Maihraval,

'Tis now according to an Ad of Parliament in the Reign of King
Henry the Eighth, fevered into two parts, viz. ISlorth-Wales, and South-
Wales, each of thefe contain fix Counties, viz. in the North Angkfey,
Mona 'Xac. Ca(rnarvon, Denbigh, Flint, Merioneth^ and Montgomery. In
the South, Brecknock^, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Glamorgan, Fembroke, and
Radnor. Whofe chief Towns are,

Beaumari(h at Beaumorilfj. BeUcmorifcus, cf old the chief of j4nglefey,
feated upon the Menai River, founded by King Edward the Firfl.

Aberfraop was the Royal Seat of the Kings of Crvimth , or North-
Wales. And, F Holy-

^4 Of Wale f.

Holy-head^ or Caerguhi of the IFelJh^ a noted Promontory and paf-
fage into Ireland. In this Ifland was the ancient Seat of the Vmidsf
brought under the Roman Scepter by Julius Agrkola.

Caernarvon^ Arvoniaoi old, the belt Town of that Shire, ftrong by
Nature and Art, founded by King Edxvard the Firft. In the CaiVIe
whereof, Edvpard the Second, the Firlt Prince of Wales was born.

Bangor^ or Banchor Bangoria Lat. Dignified with a Birtiops See.

u^berconway^r^ikd out of the ruins of the Banonium oiA)it.Canovi'-jo\lmm^

Denbijh^ Venhighia Lat, feated on the River Clityd^ once fortiHed with
a ftrong Caftleand Wall. By the Britains^ Elad Frynin.

Ruthin^ Cc^tcd in the Strat. Cluyd. Jfrexbam, plenty in Lead.

Llanfjinm^ a fmall Village, is famous for its Cave in the. fide of a
Rock 5 known by the Name of Arthur's round Table.

St. y^faph, Llan-ElxvyWelflo.F annum St, Jfapbi, an ancient Epifcopal
See, founded by Kentigern 2i Scotch Bi(hop oiCflafcorv^ mAnno '^60.

Flinty which giveth Name to the County. Not far from Cayruis is
the famous Well of St. Mnnifrid, in Englijh Holy- well, a place of great
note, and muchreforted unto for the Cure of feveral Difeafes.

In this County of Flint are yet feen fome Ruins of the Bmium of
Ant. lying upon both (ides of the Dee, turned afterwards into a Mona-
liery, and named Bancornahury by 'Bede, and Banchor by Mdmesbury j
the hrft oi th2 Britans.) containing iioo perfons.

Harlech had a ftrong Caftle mounted upon a fteep Rock, but redu-
ced to ruins i 'tis the place of Allizes for Merioneth/hire., and the chief
Market of the Mountaineers.

Bala^ feated neii Llin-tegid, or Pimblemeer, through which the Pee is
faid to run, and not to mingle with its waters.

Montgomery the Shire-Town, is fo called from Roger of Montgomery^
Earl of Shrewsbury in the reign of the Conqueror.

Lanvethlin., or LlanviUing^ is thought to be the Mcdiolanium of Fto-
lomy and Ant.

Trellin^ or Ifelfh-pool, feated on the Severn^ and in a rich Vale, is the
greateft and beft built Town in the County 5 and its Caftle, called
Pm-zj-Caftle, is a large and ftately building.

Machleneth the Maglona of the Notitia, .

M^/k-JZ'^/theSeat fometimesof the Princes of Poms.

BrecJ^nock^^ Brichinia Lat . feated at the meeting of the Rivers Hodney
and Vsk^.> over which it hath a Stone- Bridge. It contains three Parifti-
Churches, and was once ftrengthened with a ftrong Caftle.

Built Buelth, the BuVumoi Ant, pleafantly feated among the Woods
on the Banks of the^/V,

Of W^es. B^

Ng«? R<«irt5r,thus diftinguifhed from the old, the Migmeoi Ant,zx\A
Mag£ of the N^m/«j5reatedncar the Springhead of xht'Somergil^ and in
a pleafant Valley.

At Trefiaine^ feated on the Iftg, are t4ie Affizes kept.

Knighton is a well built Borough-Town. The Wett-part of this Coun-
ty of Radnor is very Rocky and Mountainous, the Itrong refuse of
Vortigern King of the Britains^ when purfued by the Saxons, and the
f^ar and hate of his own Subjeds.

Snowden-Hill was the fafe retreat of Owen Gkndor.

Cardigan^ Aber iyii JFelJh .Cevdica Lat. feated on a Rock on the Bank
cf tyivy River near the Influx into the Sea, is the Shire-Town , and
governed by a Mayor.

Llan-beder hath a Market on Tuefdays. Jkr-y-fitvith feated at the
mouth of the KivcrsTjirrhh and K/Vo/,defcendingfrotH the foot of the
?/7?7zwo« Mountain, asdoth alfo the Tfws, and i^je- River.

LlanhadernvauT is a well-built Town, graced with a fair Church,
formerly an Epifcr pal See, now the Parifli-Church of Aber-y-fitritk

Caermarden-i the Maridunum of Ptolomy^ upon the River levy, over
which it hath a fair Stone-Bridg,and it is a Toyi'n Corporate, govern-
ed by a Mayor, two Sheriffs, and fixfeen Burgefles, all clad in Scarlet,
and is alfo famous for the Birth place of Merlin the Britijh Prophet.
Higher, upon the top of a Hill under which runneth the tovy, flood
VinevourCzMc, the feat of the Prince of South-Wales.

NetiFCjflle on the edg of Cardiganfhire, on the River Tjvi^ thought to
be the Coventinumoi Ftolomy, hut Lyn Savatan ncdiT Breck^ock^^ is the Lo-
veniinam^ or Luentium, Camb.

In Glamorganfhire^ the chief Towns are Landdffy Fanum ad Tattam^
feated on the KivctTavy or Tiffy having a large Cathedral, a Bilhops
See, otherwife fcarce comparable to an indifferent Town occafioned
by its vicinity to Cardiff, the fairef^ Town in all South-Wales. Containing
two Pariihes, and one Church. A ftrong (lately Caflile. 'Tis governed
by a Conftable and twelve Aldermen, e^c. 'Tis the place of the Ailizes,
and the bell: Market in the Countrey.

Neatb^ the Nidum oi Ptolomy^ is much frequented for Coals.

Swanfey^ or Abertavo^ is an ancient Port- Kez^e Town, of a good Trade,
by reafon of its Coal-pits, and induftry of its Inhabitants. Boverton,
not far from Corvbridge^ is the Bovium of Ant.

LagW upon the River fo called, is the Leucarum of Ant.

Pembrol^^thc chief Shire-Town, feated on Af?7/or<5?Haven,fo large and
capacious, that it may fafeiy contain a i coo fail of Ships, over which
it hath two fair Bridges, a place of good ftrength, fortified with a
Wall and a ftrongCaftle feated on a Rock. F 2 St. "Davids

3 6 Of Scotland.

St. "Davids^ Menevia,& Fanum Davidis^ oiKe a City of good account,
^now only notable in that it is a Biftiop's See, and a fair Cathedral.
Haverfordtveji is the Town where the Allizes are kept,
Tenby is feated upon a Rock, having a commodious Road for Ships.
Fifhgard is the Abergtvaine of the Ifeljh.

The Defcription ^/SCOTLAND.

Of Scotland. fy

Scot LAND is feparated from England by the Rivers Trveed and
Soltvay^ and the Chevht Hills : The Ancient Inhabitants were the
Britain!^ divided by Ftolomy into many lefTer Names, by Vion and Xf-
fhilinus into two only general . r/z. the Calidonii and Mcat£ : After wards
called the Fids towards the wain of the Roman Empire, fiom their
Paintings, and for their better diltindion from the civil and clo-
thed Britains, diftinguitlied by Am. Mjtrciliinus into the PiCisVucalidonia^
and the VeBuriones : The Scots.,^ Colony of the bordering Zr?/'^ intruding
amongft, and conquering the Pzc7/, or Bntaius^ all other Names worn
ouf, the whole are now accounted Scots.

The Length of Scotland I find fet down by Heylin^ to be 480 fvliles,
but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles-, the truth of which
will appear, if you conlider the Latitude of Sol-tvay-Fritb^ near CarliJIe.^
the moft Southern part of Scetland-^ and Straitshy-head., the mort Nor-
thern i you will find the greateft length can be but 260 Englijh Milesi
and the breadth in the broadeft place more than 1 60 Miles, as you will
ealily fee by the Map.

Scotland.) according to its Situation, may be divided by the River
I'ay into two parts, vjz. North and Souch, commonly diftinguiined by
the Names of Highland, and Lowland. The firft was the Ancient
Kingdom of the Scots : The other the Old Habitation of the Pidr.
The People of the former are by Nature and Difpoiition rude and un-
civil: The Inhabitants of the latter, in Difpofition , Civility, Lan-
guage, and Habit, are much refembling the Englijh.^ and are thought
to be Defcendedof the Saxons.

On the Weft part of Scotland are many Woods , Mountains, and
Lakes : Towards the Eaft it is more Fruitful in Corn, efpecially Bar-
ley and Oats : Their Fruits are not very Excellent, nor plentiful : but
they have abundance of Fi(h and Fowl ; not much Cartel, nor big.
Their chief Commodities are, Coarfe Clothes, Freezes, Fijhy Lead, Oar,
Feathers, Allows, Iron, Salt-Petre, Linnen-cloth, 'Train-Oyl, feme Hides,
and Tallow.

The Kingdom of Scotland confifts of the Nobility, Gentry, and Com-
mons: Thefe with the Lords Spiritual Affemble together in Parliament,
when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain : who, by reafon
of his Reiidence in England, conftitutes and appoints a Vice-Koy to Adt
under him at the faid Seffion of Parliament, called Lord Commijjiomr.

As to their Courts of Judicature, they have feveral : the Chief is the
Sejfion, or Colkdge ofjufiice, confining of a Prefident, fourteen Senators^

( feven

3 8 Of Scotland,

( feven of the Clergy, and as many of the Laity) whereunto is now ad-
ded the Chancellor^ who is chief: and four Lords of the Nobility : be-
lides as many Advocates and Ckrh^ as the Senators fee convenient. Thefe
fit and adminifter Juftice every day, from nine to twelve, QY.c^'pt. Sun-
days and Mmdiys^ from the fir(T of November to C/.'r//t^w^/^Eve : and
from the firft day of January to the lal\ of Febrmiry: and from 'trinity-
Sunday to the Hrlt day oi Aaguji : But now by A6t of Parliament the
Summer- SelFions are taken away, and inftead thereof they are to be
kept in Mirch.

This Court is of great (late andorderi the Clerks write all the Ma-
terial Heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the Parties are
removed, the Senators confider the Arguments, and give Sentence,
and the major part carries it. Their final Sentence or !:)ecree5 deter-
mines all bulinefs, there being no appeal, only to the Parliament, who
may receive and repeal their decifive Sentence.

The next fupream Court is the Juftice-Court, where all Criminals
are tried : it coniilis of a Lord Juttice General, and of a Lord Juftice
Clark, who is his Ailiibnt. This Order wa5 changed, Anno i(55p,
and by Ait of Parliament four Judges were appointed to fit in this
Court with the Lord Jutxice General, &c. The Jury is made up of
fifteen, the major part determines the matter. Befides this Court,
there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories^ or Courts
kept, wheiein the Sheriff of the Shire, or his Deputy, deciderh Contro-
veriiesand Law-Suits: but from fhefe there are Appeals to the Seffions,
or Higher Court of Equity. There are like wife Judicatories., called Com-
mifTarials, for Ecclefiajiical Affairs.

The Shires of Scotland are, viz. Edinburgh Barrvick^., Peeblis^ ^^^k^rl^^
Roxburgh , 'Dumfreis , Wightotvn , Air , Renfretv , Lanrick^., or Lanock^^
Dumbritton, or Dmbarton^ Boot., Inner., Ara, Perth., Striveling., or Ster^
lir.g^ Linlithgorv., Clackrnanan., Kinros^ Coiiper., & Fife., Forfar., Kiiih^ardin.,
& Marifchals., Aberdeen., Bamf & Errols., Elgin, Nairn, hinermfs &Rofs.,
Cromarty, 'tayn, Dornock^, Weik^, Orl\ney. The Conflabulary of Had-
dington. The Stexvartries oi Strath-yern, Menteith., Annannaile, Kir^ubright,
TheBaileries oi Kyle, Cjrr/ci^ and Cunningham,

Scotland is alfo divided into feveral Counties or> Parts vLothien, Merch.,
T'eifdal, or Tiviotdale, EsJ^dale, Eifsk^ale, Liddefdale, Amiandale, Nithif-
dale., Galloppoyy Carrith^, -Kyle , Cunningham , Clidefdale, Lennox^ Strive-
ling or Sterling, Mentieth, Fife, Strathern, Argile, Lorn., Cantire., Arran,
Albany or Bratd, Albin, Perth, Athol^ Unguis, Mernis, Buquihan or BuchaNi
Marr, Marray, Lochabyr^ Roff^y Souther land, Strathnavern & Cathnes.

The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bifho^rick^s, Saint

Andrenpi

Of ScotUnL 1^

Aninvps and Glafco , under whom are feveral Suffragan- Bifhops.

Its chief places are, Edinburgh, the Metropolitan City of this King-
donfi, fcituateinahighand wholfbme Air, and a fertile Soil, conlilt-
ing chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length, out of which runs
many fmaller Lanes and Streets. 'Tis Hrongly begirt with a Wall, and
Fortified by a fair and ftrong Caftle, feated on the top of a Rock : a
place Adorned with many fair Edifices, Dignified with the Courts of
Judicature, High Court of Parliament, and a Univerfity.

St. Andreivs, of old Fanum KeguU^ hath a fair Profpedi towards
the Sea, near the fall of the Ef)[7^«; Fortified with a fair and ftrong
Caftle •■, Dignified with an Archbifhop's See.

Glafco, pleafantly feated on the Kwer Cluyd, over which it hath a
fair Bridge: A place of good Account, Dignified with an ArchbiQi-ap's
See, and a Univerfity. Clafquum. Script. Scot.

Stcrlins^y a place of good firength, and Fortified with a ftrong
Caltle. Strivilingum vel Strevelinum feu Sterlinga,

Dunbritton ^ a place of great firength, having the ftrongeft Caflle
in all Scotland^ both by Nature and Art. Ca[irnmBriionum.

Falkland^ pleafantly feated for Hunting.

Linlithqm-, or Lithquo, upon a Lake near unto the Head of the Frithy
fuppofed to be the Lindum of Ptol. a City of the jyamnii.

Mnjfdborough^ upon the River Fsk,?-, is memorable for a great over-:
throw of the Scots^ by the Englijh under Edward Duke of Somerfet,
Piotedor of England in the Minority of King Edrvard the Sixth.

Leiih is a noted Port upon the Frith of Edinburgh ; the Bodotria of "
T'ac. and Bjderia of PtoL

Perth., 01 St. Jjhnj "Torpn., a place of good Account, pleafantly feat-
ed at the Mouth of the River 7ay^ between two Greens.

Aberdeen., fcituate on the Mouth of the Pviver Von^ and dignified
with an Episcopal See, and a Univeifity. Aberdonia olm Devana,

Coldingham., Coldana Beda., Colania Ptol. famous {ot hs choice Nuns, ■
Peblis and Selkirk, are Sheriffdoms for the Valleys.

Jedburgh and Roxburgh are Sheriffdoms, the lafi: fatal to the .?cof/ by
the death of King James the fecond, ilain in that fiege by the EngUfh, ^

yinnan and Cajile-Mahan^ are the two chief Towns, near Soltvay
Frith, the Itwia M^ivariam of the Ancients. Abercori gives Title of
Earldom to the Vuk^e Hamilton. Dunbar Bara Ptol. or Vara. & Vumba-
rum, is memorable for the Battel of 11550, Sept. 25.

Dunfreis is a rich and well traded Emporie upon the River Nith.No-
hius of Ptol. and at the mouth is Caerlaverock^ Caftle, Corhantorigum of
old, was the Houfe of the Lord Maxml's, Higher up the River is

Morton-, -.

Ao Of Scotland.

Morton^ naming the Earls Morton of the name oiVotigUa. Higher is San-
ghniT-Cz^\c^ whereof are intitled the Lord Sangbuer, of the Houfe or
Name of the Crdtchtons. A little remote from the River is feated
Gkncarne., the Fails whereof are of the Houfe or the Cunhghamj . Kir-
couhright is a commodious Haven. Wiqlnon a Snejrifdom. IVhhbcrn is
the Lmcopbia of Fiol, and Candida Cafa ot Beda.

Bargeny is the Bmgonmn of Ant. Caffil Caji. the Sear of the Earls of
the Houfe of the Ka.mdycs. Air is a Sherifdom. and a noted Port and
Empory.Jira^w a fmall ?oi^.Eglir.gion-Czi\\t gives theTitle to the Mmt-
gomeries. Douglas upon the River Vruglas in VcugLis'Dale ^ names the
ancient and Noble Families of the V.uglajfes. Lihric- La/nrcum, a She-
rifdom at the Confluence of the Douglas and Chiya. Hamilton Caftle up-
on the Cluyd., the Clcta or Glota of Ptol. naming the Houfe and Mar-
quelTiS of H.imiUon. Bothipel, an Earldom upon the Clnyd, as is alfo
Crarvford oi i\\& Earls of LW/e)'. Renfrew ^Vanduara^ is a Slierifdom and
Barony Hereditary to the Lord Sempits. Vmblane^ a Bifhop's See upon
the Taicb. Lower down at the mouth of the Fr/th ot Fonb, lie the She-
rifdoms o{ Clachtnannan and Kinros. Aberneth, Vt&aria. at the fall of the
River Ern into the 7ay^ was the chief Scat of the Kings ofPi6fs. Arrol
upon the Tay ^ the Seat of the Earls of .noL /ithnl was fometimes
part of the Calidonian Wood, Itrong Faflnefles of ViCls and Northern
Britons, Forfar^ Orrhea of old is the Seat of the Sheriffs. Dundee^ Ahdum
& Dei Donwn-t a rich and noted Port at the mouth of the 7ay. Brechin
upon the Es}\c^ is a Bifhop's See. Montrofs gives name to the Earls of
Montrofs. Vunnoter-Qd^^Xt in Mirn^ feated upon a lleep and inaccellible
Rock, is the Seat of the Sheriff. Between Loquahtir and Marr rifeth
the high Country of Badgenotb. In Buquhan lie the fmall Countries and
Prefedtures oiBamfjrathbogye, and Boyn-^ places of Note j in Murray axQ
Rothes Calfle, giving Names to the Earls of Rothes. Elgin, Foms, Nirn.,
are Sherifdoms about the Lake M/}, and part of the M. Grampius of
Tac. extending to the Lake Lotnond. In R.fs is the Couiitry of jirdmea-
nuch , which giveth Title to the feccnd Sons of f he Kings of Scotland.
Chanoury is the Seat of the.Biiliops. Cromerty is a Sherifdom. Vtm Ro-
bin Caiile, the Seat fometimes of the Erls of Sunderland. ( Rofmarch£um
of old, ) Girmgo Caftle the Seat of the Earls of Cathenes. Vumock^Sind
IVick^-, the Seats of the Biihcps. Fara., or Varar JEjiiiariwn^ is Murry-
Firth.

In this Realm of Scotland there are two fam.ous and Wonderful
Lotighs^ Nijfj and Lomond : the iirft never freezeth in the extrearaelt
Cold, and the Waters of the fecond rage in the calmeff W<;ather.

The

Of Scotland, 41

The l^xnds adjacent and belonging to Scotland^ are, i. The Hehridei-,
lying on the Weft-fide thereof, and are 44 in Number : the chief
whereof are, lUa, Jona^ Mtda., Ltwis^, &c. pJentiful of Wood^ Comi Sal-
mons^ Herrings J Conks^ Deer., Sheepj in feme vvith , in others without
Owners. .

2. The Orcades of 'tae, or the I/Iafids ci Orkney, in Number 5 1, ly-
ing from the North and North- Eaft point <ji Scjilzr.d : The greateft and
chiefeft Ifland is now ca\kd Mainland^ formerly Pcmoma , well lloied
with Lead and Ti/i, whofe chief Town is Kirkr^JJ^^ Fcrtilied v/ithtwo
CaftleSj and dignified with the See of x EiChop ; the Inhabitants com-
monly called K?i/-/^<;i/?i^/.

3. Shjtland Iflands, or Schetland, ,the 'Tbukf or Thyle of the Ancients,
lying about 20 Leagues Northwards from the Ork^.ey, being manyin
Number: the chief of which is called Sbodand, being about 60 miles
in lengfli : the Inhabitants are partly Scots^ and partly a niixt People
of Vanes znd Scots, Their Commodities are Ling and Cod. '

Toward: North B^/-B?ic^, near the Shore, Ikth Baslfund, which ap-
pears to be a high craggy Rock, and is remarkable for thegreat imm-
hex o( SolandGe(J}, by fome called B^m^c/ex, and vulgarly thought to
be ingendred by the Fruit of certain Trees dropt into the Water, But
the Hollanders report, that the Barnacles which they call Rot-Gaufen^
are bred in the Northern parts, and that they couple together, lay,
and hatch their Eggs. And Gerard de Veeo in his third Navigation to
Greenland., affirms, that with his Companions they have driven them
from their Neils, and taken and eaten of their. Eggs.

Beiidcs, Anatomy difcovers in their Bodies, v^^here the diiFerences of
Sexes do vifibly appear, the, Ma^^es having all the fame parts as the
common Drakes, and the Femalss having their Ovaria as other Birds.

Between the Illands of OrkrJey^nA Shetland lie two Iflands : one cal-
led Fair-Hill, the oiher Fulo : about ten Leagues one from the other.

Thus much, in brief, as to the Situation, Length, Breadth, Divifion,
Fertility, People, Government, Chief Towns, and Iflands oi Scotland,

G Of

Ireland

'^l/Ujd CMtir 3\ '^- *] \

Of Ireland* 4?

TH E firft Inhabitants Cto omit the Fables of the Irijh Chronicles)
upon probable Circumftances,were theBm^wjjtogether with the
mixt Nations of the Goths^ Gaalf, Africans^ &c. though moHiOeographers
are of Opinion, that its firft People came wholly out of Britain^ being
the iiigheiV-to-itifl^ — -~1T.?^^~- ~~' '^~. TI

Ire/ Wiieth- betwixt the f I and ^dJ degrees of NTorthern Latitude,
or betwixt the middle parallel of the eighth Clime, where thelongelt
day hath \6 hours and a half, and the 24th parallel, or end of the lofh
Clime, where the fame hath 17 hours and a half.

The firftlnhabitantSi the Jr//^ (for more ancient we find not) were
by Ttolomy diftinguifhed into ftiiidTy lefTer People and Names : Th^-
Khobognii^ Darnii^ VoluntH^f^enmcmi^ znd Erdinii^ now containing t//-
Jier. The Auuri^ Gangani and Nagnat£, inhabiting Conaught. The Veil-
bori^ Vterni^ Vodii^ and Coriondi^ now Munfler. The Mempii , Cauci ,
Blanii, Sind Brigantes^ now Leinjier : whofe Cities were K%m, Rbeba,
MacoUeum^ Dunum^ Laberuf^ Juernis^ Nagnatu^ Kegia altera^ Manapia^
now Wexford^ and Eblana, Dublin, whofe Interpretations, unlefs the
two laft, we let pafs as very uncertain. Towards the wain of the Ro-
man Empire they are named Scots ( the occafion or reafon hereof we
find not) fubduing the neighbouring P/Yifj' and C^/e^iiJwi^w/, and giving
the Name of Scotland to the Northern part of the Briti(h Continent.
Leaving there this new affeded Name, they laftly refume, and return
here unto their firft and more wonted name oilrijh.

The firft Onfet it received, by way of Invafion, was by the. Saxon
Monarchs, who made themfelves Maftersof fome places, but could not
long continue in polTeffion of them.

The next that in Hoftile manner vifited it, were the Northern Na-
tions, Vanes, Swedes, and Normans ; who fcouring along the Sea-coafts,
by way of Piracy, and afterwards finding the weaknefs of the Jfland,
made an Abfolute Conqueft of it, under the Condud of one turgefns r
but were foon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath. After
this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions, till the Year
1 172. at what time, the King of Leinfter, having forced the Wife
of the King o£ Meath, was driven by him out of this Kingdom : who
applying himfelf to Henry the Second of England, for Succour, re-
ceived Aid, under the Leading of Richard de Clare, Sirnamed Strong-
bow, Earl oi Pembroke: by whofe good Succefs, arid the King's ne-
fence, the petty Kings, or great Lords, fubmitted themfelves, ptomi-
ling to pay him Tribute, and acknowledge him their Chief and So-
vereign Lord.

G 2 Bat

^4 Of Irelafid.

But as the Conqueft was but flight and fuperfidal, Co the Trijh fub-
millions were but weak and fickle AlTurances to hold in Obedience fo
confiderable a Kingdom, though the Charter was confirmed by Pope
Hadrian.

So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that
the fame was wholly fubjugated, and the Foundation laid of a lading
Peace with Ireland.^ which focn after was very far proceeded in by King
Jamef, and now fully perfcdtcd, according to all Human appearance,
by our Gracious Sovereigns King IViHiam and Qiieen Mary : So that
now Ireland is a Flourilhing Ifland, Civil in its felf, and a good ad-
ditional ftrength to the Britifh Empire,

Ireland (called by the Latini^ Hibernia : by the Greeks ^ Irnia j by Tom-
poniuf and Solimts^ called Jitverna : by Ptolemy^ Juerna : by OrpJmts ,
u^rifiotle, Straho^ Stephanus and Claudianus., Jerna : by Eujiathius^ Ver-
nia : by Diodorm , Iris : by the IVelJh, Tverdhon : by the Inhabitants,
Erya, Irlandt Gertnanis^ Irlanda Italis, IrlandeGaJlif. Is in length 300,
and in breadth 130 miles : containing by computation i j millions of
Acres, and is about | oiEngland and IVaks. It was anciently divided
into five Provinces, each one a Kingdom in its felf, viz. i,Leinfler,
2. Meath. 3. Vljhr. 4. Connaught. And 5, Mmjhr. But now the
Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Lcinjhr.

Thefefour Prwiwcej- compofe that Kingdom : as beautiful and fweet
a Country as any under Heaven : being ftored with many goodly Ri-
vers, Replenifhed with abundance of all forts of Fifti, fprinkled with
brave Iflands and goodly Lakes; adorned with goodly Woods, full
of very good Forts and Havens : The Soil moft Fertile, and the Hea-
vens moll: mild and temperate, but not fo clear and fubtil as the Air in
England I and therefore not fo favourable for the Ripening of Corn
and Fruits, as to the Grafs, for all kind of Cattel. And in the Win-
ter more Tub jedl to Wind, Clouds, and Rain, than Snow or FroH.

It is an Ifland of great firength, as well by Nature as Art, by rea-
fon of its Situation in fuch dangerous Seas , and the feveral Fortifica-
tions and Caftks that the Englip have built fince they were Mafters
of it.

Its chief Rivers are the fpacious Shannon^ the rolling L?^e, the fan-
dy Slany^ the pleafant Boyne, the FiQiy Banne^ fwift ^hridrtffe or BlacJ^
rpater^ fad Troms^ wide Mayre, now Baniry Bay, the Woody Barrotv^
the fpreading Lee, the Baleful Oure, or Shoure. Befides thefe Rivers,
there are feveral L,7j^i-,of which Lough Erne is the grctcft, being about
30 miles in length , and 15 in breadth; and this, as all other of its
X.jj^x, are well fioied with Fijh».

The

Of Irehnd, 45

The Ifiih have had the Charac^-er of being Religious, ( by which >
perhaps, feme uiiderftand Superftitious ) Amorous, Patient of La"
hour, Excellent Horfemen, and the meaner fort extremely Barba-
rous, till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the
E«g/i/^ i yet ftill the wild Irl^ retain feveral of their abfurd and ridi-
culous Guftoms, accounting eafe and idlenefs their greateft liberty and
riches.

The EccleGafticai Government of Ireland is committed to the care
of four Archbijhop , under whom are ip Suffragan- Biihops: The
Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer, fent over by
the King of England, who is called the Lord Lieutenant^ or Lord Deputy
oi Ireland-^ who for Majefty, State, and Power, is not inferior to any
Viceroy in Europe.

Their Laivs are correfpondent with thofe of England, and they
have their feveral CouEts of Juliice j as Chancery^ Common-Pleas^ Kings-
Bsnchy Exchequer J Courts of Farliament^ and Justices of the Peace in eve-
ry County.

The Commodities of this 7/7^;;^, are, Caml^ Hides, Tallow, Butter,
Cheefe, Honey, Wax^ Furs^ Salt, Hemp^ Linnen Cloth, Fipe-jiaves, Wooll, of
which they make Cloth, and feveral Manufactures, as Freezes , Kugs ,
Mantles, ^c. Its Seas yield great plenty of Cod-fifh, Herrings, Pilchers,
and other Fi(h ; The.Bowelsof the Earth afford Mines of Lead, Tin,
and. Iron*

Of L E 1 N S T E R.

This Province the Natives call Le?g^/«^/^, thcBritains, Lein, thel^-
tins, Lagenia j and in the ancient Lives of the Saints, Lagan ; and by
the Englijh, Leinfier, This part of Ireland {ox the generality is of a fer-
tile foil, affording great plenty of Corn, Gattel, Fowl, and Fidi ; en-
joyeth a wholefome and temperate Air i it is well watered with Ri-
vers, well furniflied with Towns, and well Inhabited by the Gentry
and Commonalty i and divided into thefe Counties, Longford, Weji-
Meath, Eaji-Meath, Lough, Dublin, Kildare^ Kings-County, ^eens-Countyy
WicJ^lonPf Cater lough^ Kilkenny, and Wexford,

Its chief Places are, Dublin, 'the Metropolitan City of Ireland, by
Ptolomy cdWcd Ehlana, by the Latins, Duhlinium, by the Irijh, Balacleigh,
It is no lefs plealantly than commodioufly feated on the River Liffis,
which after a fmall courfe, emptieth it felf into a capacious Bay, where
it hath a good Haven, and a fair Proipect ; and on the South, delight-
ful Hills, which with the feveral Parks adjacent, afford great Recrea-
tion

45 Of Ireland,

tionto the Gentry. It is a City of great Antiquity, dignified and en-
riched with the Refidence of the Lord-Lieutenant, as alfo with the
See of an Arch-Bi(hop, with an Univerfity, and the Courts of Judi-
cature. It is beautified with many fair Buildings, vTz,. the Lord Lieu-
tenant's Palace, a flately Strudure ; the Cathedral Church, nigh unto
which is the Archbifliops Palace, both without the City. The Colle-
giat-Church, called C^ri/?-CWcJ^, featedin themidft of the City, and
dignified with the Priviledges of a Univerfity. The Town-Hall, or
7olej'Tale^ a fair Stone-Building, of a Quadrangle form, where the
Lord-Mayor and Sheriffs, Aldermen and other Magiftrates of the Ci-
ty, affemble together, for the management and confulting of the
Publick Concerns of the City. The Stately Nen> Hofpital^ Defigned
and built by the Ingenious ^rc^i^c^ , William Kobinjcn^ Efquire: As
alfo the Nejv Fort or Cafllezt Kingfale. A fair Colledge^with feveral other
brave Edifices. 'Tis a place of great Trade, well inhabited and fre-
quented by Nobility and Gentry, with wealthy Merchants and Shop-
keepers. A City of large extent, and yet daily encreafes its Buildings,
efpecially its Suburbs, which is fevered from the City by a Wall, which
gives Entrance by fix Gates. A City, though not feated in the middle
of Ireland^ yet placed diredly oppofite to the Englijh (hore, being
twelve hours fail, with a profperous gale of Wind, or twenty Leagues
^[Rznt horn Holy-head^ SLXite advantage for the maintenance of Traf-
fick and Commerce with England^ and other parts of the World ; fo
that in a word, there is nothing wanting that may ferve to make the
State of a City mod magnificent and flouriftiing. Carlingford and
Vundall^Oi^nds on a commodious Bay of the fame Names.

Vroghedahj otTndagh^ fituate on the River Boyne^ on the edge of
Uljhr^ a fair and populous City, as well by Art as Nature, very ftrong-
ly fortified and furnilhed with a large and commodious Haven.

Philipjiomi-, or Kingflomi, is the chief of Kings-Comty j burnt by
the Rapperees.

Mary-burrow or ^eenflotvn is the chief of ^zens-County.

Kilkenny^ on the River Netvry^ the chief Seat of the Bilhop, and is
alfo honoured with two Noble Seats of the Duke of Ormond, viz. the
Call:le of Kilkenny and Vonmore Houfe ; fcituate in a brave and well-
inhabited Countrey, a fair and wealthy Borough-Town.

Mol'mgar^ the chief Town of IFeft-Meath. Balimore^ well Fortified
by the Ir//7^, but furrendred J^/y lo. i<5pi. Trim is 3. Borough and
Market Town, the chief of Eafi-Meath.

Caterlough^ commonly Carlough^ a fine Market Town, having a
ftrong Caltle, and the chief of that County, Scituate near the plea-

fant

Of Ireland, 4j

fjnt Navigable River by Boats, from Kq/fe, placed above ^olri/h miles
from Dublin, and in a convenient Stage from the greateft part of Mm-
fler 2nd Leinfler. Wkkloa? 3it the mouth of the River Letrim^ is the
chief of the County Co called.

Roffe, once populous, and well-traded, built by J/'a^e/ the daugh-
ter of Richard Strong-Bow f Earl of Pembroke, feated upon a brave Na-
vigable River, where Ships of four or five hundred Tun may fafely
ride before its Key.

Longford, which gives Name to the County, and Title to the now
Earl of Longford,

Lanesborough is a confiderable Pafs over the Shannon.
Kildare, a fair Inland Town, well frequented, defended by aCaftle ;
a Place much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irijh Church, for its
St. Bridget^ a holy Virgin, and Difciple to St. Patrick^

Wexford, feated in the mouth of the River Slany, and drives a great
Trade with Brijhl, It hath a fair Pool within a Sandy Bar, lying be-
tween it and the Sea, wherein are yearly taken great ftore of Her-
rings, to the great advantage of the Place. The River is Navigable
by fmall Boats, up to Inijh Cor/fy, about eight miles beyond this Town,
where there is a good quantity of Iron made, which is carried down
the River, and fo difperfed into feveral parts of Ireland.

Ferns is a Bifhops See. Vuncannon is a confiderable Caftle, command-
ing Waterford Haven, where KlngFTiJliam and the Prince of Denmark^
embarqu'd for England,

The chief Rivers in this Province are, i. The Boyne: The Battel at
the Boyne in i6po. will as well Eternize the Memory, the Valour, the
Condud, theHaiard of HisMajefty King Fr/Z/ww the IIU. as Lament
the Death of the Renowned Duke Schonberg, and of the Reverend
Dr. Walker. 2. The Barrow, 3. The Liffe or Liffy, 4. The Nuero -.
$. ThQSlanyoxVrrin.

In this Province are comprehended pa^Parifhes? whereof 47 are
Boroughs 5 that return Parliament-men i 16 Market-Towns; 102-
Caftles.

Of the Province of V L S T E R.

By the Latins, Vltonia, or Vlidia ; by the Irijh, Cm Gudy^ by the ~
Welch, Vitro; by the Engli/h, Vlfter,

Iris now -divided into Nine Counties , i,VHmiiigaly or Tyrmmdo .

1 . 1 .nndnti'^ ■■

^8 ^f Ireland,

Londonderry^ Anlrim^ Vorvn^ Ardmagh^ Tyrene^ or 'tyr-Om^ Farmanagh^

Monoghand , and Cavan,

Its chief places are, Vumjgal, a Borough Town, with a good Ha-
ven, and commodious Harbour: Kaphoe^ near the Lough Sffilie^ once
a City and Biflioprick : BAliihannon hath a good Haven.

Londonderry is the beft built Town of any in ihcNorth of Ireland^
feated in a Teninfulao^ 40 Acres ; on one fide invironed with a River,
and on the other fide impaflible, with a deep and Mor'ijh Soil, ftrong-
ly fcituated by Nature, and ftronger by Artj very remarkable for its
Defence in the Siege, i^Sp, Mr. George Vf^alk^r^ Redor of Donaghmore
in Tyrone, Governour, againft'2oocc hi[h^ for 105 days; whom nei-
ther the Number nor Rage of the Enemies without, nor thofe more
Cruel ones within, Famine and Sicknefs, and the Fatigue of War,
could ever make them think of Surrendring.

Czdmore Fcrt, at the Entrance of Laigh Foyle^ is witnefs of the
brave Undertaking , and great Succefs of the Mmtjoy of Verry ,
and the Phoenix of Colraine^ loaden with Provifion for the Relief of
Londonderry^ and conveyed by the Dartmouth Frigat, in breaking and
palling the Boom^ to the inexprellible Joy and Tranfport of that di-
(IrelTed Garifon, when they only reckoned upon tv^o days life.

Colraine, a confiderable place, and once gave name to this County.

St.Patric}(s Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Lane in the ground, of
which ftrangeftories are reported by the /ri/^.

/^/7friw gives name to the County, but Carrickjergm ot Knockfergus,
is the chief of the County, feated upon a large and capacious Bay,
with a fafe and commodious Port, ■.

Belfaji and Lishorn^ or Lifnaganie^ are two thriving Towns. Connor |
is a fmall Bifhoprick united to Vomi. Vmluce is a Caftle on the North,-
feated on a Rock hanging over the Sea.

Vorvn-Patrick is a Borough Town, and head of the County , a Bi- I
(hoprick, famous for the Bones of St. Patrkk^^ St. Bridget^ and St. Co-
lumhus. and one of the molt Ancient Towns in Ireland,

Strangford gives name to a large Lough and Bay. Bangor^ Hdsho'
roughs Nen?ion^ and KilliUagh^ are Borough-Towns. Dromore is a fmall
Bitlioprick. Newry is a Borough and Market-Town. Vwidrum and Ar-
^/j/ are two Sea-Port Towns.

Armagh^ or Ardmagh, is yet an Archbi(hop's See, and the Metropo-
litanof Ireland: Here was KingPViUiam firli Proclaimed, in the year
i<5po, by the Lord Blany. C bar lemont is 3. Borough, and ftrong For-
trefs, very remarkable for many Adtions in the late War. . _

Vumannon

of Ireland, .49

VHngannQhh^^titmt^. the chief Town in the County of ^Z^ff Me. Stra-
^^«e is a Borough-Town. ,;. ,

CajUe Omagh^ 01 Vrumnsaragh^ is a Borough- Town on the R. P^
water. Cloghn is a fmaU Bifhoprick. : |;;,,^n ^i...

Eniskj^uing^ ox Inilhkllling^ is the chief Town in Fermanagh County,
and is famous for the Valour of its Inhabitants in the late War; feat-
edin anlllind in the middle of the Lake Earn, (which is there divided
into tvvo parts J), and guarded with two Forts. Tarmon and Ttthy are
two Cadles, BjUsck^at the mouth of the Lake.

Af'W^^/j.zf/ is a Borough-Town, and chief of the County. Glafhlogh
and Clonijh are two fmall Towns. Cavan isalfo the head of its County,
Belturbet is a Borough-Town. Kilmore a Bidiops See.

The chief Rivers of this Coanty are, i. The Bjtnne^ which paffes
through the great Like Ne-tgh' 2. Lmgh Foyle^ which mikes a great
Bay or Lake of the Gme Name. As alfo does, 3. Smlly, ^. Lagan
Water. 5. Nemy. 6. Po River.

In this Province is one Archbiflioprick, 6 Bifhopricks, 60 Baro-
nies, Id. Towns of Trade, 3 4. Towns that return Parliament-men,
30 Caivles, and 2 14 Pariflies.

Of the Province of CO NNAVG HT, ov C on aught y and
Conna^h. Lat. Qonucia. ^Conachtia,

This Province, as it is divided into feveral Counties, fo every Coun-
ty is feverally commended for its Soil. Clare Ls faid to be a County fo
conveniently feated, that either from the Sea or Land, there can be
nothing wilhed for more.

Gallotvay is no lefs thankful to the Husbandman, than profitable
to the Shepherd.

Mzyo is replenifhed with pleafureand fertility, abundantly rich in
Catfcl, and plenty of Honey.

Slego, Cosfting upon the Sea, is noted for feeding and railing of
Cattel.

Utrim is fo f ull, of grafs and forage, that it fometimes endangers
their Cattel.

2lT/cflfKW?« is plain arid fruitful, feeding many herds of Cattel, and
yielding plenty of Corn.

Clare, or Thomond^ gives Title to an Earldom, fometlraes called
Iwdmmd, otltvotvowi, gives name to the County. KiUalorv^ or Labiiy
IS a Market Town, and Bifnops See. EnisTomi is a Borough three
utiles North oiClare. Bmrotty is fortihed with a Cafile,. ,.,'

H \---- Gal-

eo Of Ire/and*

Galktpay, a Bifliops See, and the third City of this Kingdom, for
beauty and bigiiefs, feated near the fall of the great Lake or River
Corbej in the Weftern Ocean } furrendred to the Englijh, July 22. pi,
A noted Empory, and famous for Trade i nigh to this City is the
Lough Garble^ about 20 miles in length, and 3 or 4 in breadth; in
which are many fmall Ifles.

T«:i/« is an Archbiftiop's See, once a famous City, now decayed.
Athenree^ or Ateneth, is a Borough Town. Clonfart liill keepeth the
Title of a Bifhops See.

But the Battel of Aghrim will eternize the Valour of the Englifh.

Mayo is reckonM the chief Town of the County, now decayed,
once a BiQioprick, now joined to 7uam^ and the Jurifdidion to Kil-
Ula, which is a fmall Town and Bifhoprick, near a large Bay. Cafile
Bar is a fmall Borough-Town ; in this County is the Lough Malk^of
a large extent, and well ftored withFifb.

Slego, in the year 1 552, was but a very poor Town, but 'tis feated
on a great Pafs, and moll: convenient thorough-fare of all Comaught,
into the Province of Vlfier-, Flanked on the Weft by a Biy of the
Sea, which fafely brings to it Ships of good Burthen -, and on the
Eaft with a Lake of about 5 miles in length, ftored with brave Sal-
mon, Pikes and Trouts; Protcded by aftrong Fort, and the whole
Countrey enriched with as good Land as any in Ireland > and Neigh-
boured within few miles of the great Lake Earn^ 30 miles in length,
and half as broad. Being thus happily fcituate, and accompanied
with fo many advantages, willdoubtlefs be of great conrequence.^c(7/2-
ry, once a Bilhoprick, now ruined and united to Elphin in Rofcommon,

Letrim is feated in a fertile Soil, near the Lough Alyn on the River
Sljannon^ reckoned the chief of the County. Carrkk^ TirumrufrJ is alfo a
fmall Borough Town on the River Shannon,

JamesTorvn, a place commodioufly feated for Trade, upon the Ri-
ver Shannon, being paiTable by Boats from thence as far as Killaloo^ near-
Limerick^-, which is 80 miles or thereabouts, except the neceflity of
once unloading by reafon of Atblone- Bridge.

Kofcommon^ which gives name to the County, otherwife poor and
mean. /4/Wwe, a Bifhoprick, is a place of great ftrength, and the Key .
of Connaught^ on both fides of the River Shannon^ joyned by a ftately
Stone Bridges guarded on C(/««j«^k fide with a Caftle, and ftrongly .
fortihed with an Earthen Wall, but could not refift the Power and
brave Attacks of the Eugli(h. Elphin is a Bilhops See. Tuhh^ is a Bo-
rough, and Market-Town. Boyh w\\\ be famous for the Name of the .
HonourabJ'^ Kobm Boyle, Efquire, the EngHJh Philofopher.

This-,

Of Ireland, 0

This Province contains 5-2 Baronies i it hath one Archbifbopriek,
6 Bi(hopricks, belides Angchony and Mayo^ united to tuam, 7 Market-
Towns i 8 Places of Commerce and Trade •, 1 2 places that return
Parliament- men, 24CalUesof old eredion, and ^66 Pari(hes.

It is well watered with Loughs and Rivers, plenty of Fiffi and
Fowl 5 and on the Weftern Sea it hath many commodious Bays, Creeks,
and Navigable Rivers j but its Air not To pure and clear, as in the
other Provinces.

Of the Frovmc€ of M U N S T E R, by the Latins^ Mo-
momia, hythelvi^hy Mown, orWown.

It is divided into 5 Counties, ( by feme into 6 ) viz., tipperary, or
Holy-Crofs ; Waterford^ Ccnrk^, to which is joined the Ccunty of Vef-
mond^ Liwer/c.^, and Ktrry. Thefe Counties are divided into j2 Baronies.

It is large, Mountainous, Woody, and of a different Soil ; the Val-
leys garnilhed with Corn Fields, and generally fertile ^ well watered
with Rivers and Bays, abounding in Corn, Cattel, Wood, Wool!, and
Fi(h,the laft whereof it affords in every place p]enty,but efpecially Her-
ring and Cod, near the Promontory of £mj!f^^,that lies between Bantry
and Baltimore Bay. The Air mild and temperate, neither too fcorching
hot, nor too pinching coldi comprehending, befides many fafe ftati-
ons for Ships, 24 Towns of Note and Trade, 66 Caftles of old cre-
dion, and 802 Pari(hes.

Tipperary^ once a famons place for Pilgrims, now gives name to the
County. Chnwel, in the County of Tipperary, a place of great ftrength
and confequence, both for its convenient Icituation upon the River
Shour, paffable to it by Boats, 20 miles above Waterford; as alfo for
that it is the Place of Judicature for the faid County, lately made Pa-
lawie. It is a Market-Town and Borough.

Cajhel ot Cajfely is an Archbiftioprick. T'hurlef is ^ Borough- Town
on the River Shure, Camk^ot Carkh^Mac-Griffin^ is a Market Town on
the fame River.

The North part of tippcrary beareth the name of Ormond, and is
honoured by giving Title to our prefentDuke of Ormond.

Waterford, on the River Sbour^ a well traded Port, a Bifliops See,
and the fecond City of Ireland -^ tho feated in one of the moff barren
parts, and moff foggy Air, yet is of fafe and commodious Site for
Trade; for Ships of thegreateft burthen may fafely fail to, and ride
at Anchor before the Key thereof, which is one of the beft in the
King's Dominions , and chief of the County.

H 2 . DungaT'

5 2, Of Ireland,

Vmgarvan is a Borough Town,feated on the Sea,well fortified with a
Caftle,with a commodiousRoad tor Ships-LZ/woj-e is a BoroughTown on
the River "Blachvpater^ once a Bifhops See, but now united to Waterford.
Cor\y upon the R. Lee, the principal of that County, and a Bifnops
See, well walled, andhtted with a very commodious Hdv^en, confining
chiefly of one ftreet in length, inhabited by a civi), wealthy, and indu.
ftrious people, generally all EngUfh* It is the Shi re- Town of the largeft,.
richeft, and beli inhabited Countrey of any in Ireland, and the only
Thoroughfare of all Goods and Commodities fent moft commonly
this way out of England. Sept. 2p. i6po. after 3 or 4 brave Affaults
by the Englifh^ it furrendred to King WiHiam^ tho the Garifon confifted
of 5CC0, who were all made Prifoners of War.

Kjngfah upon the mouth of the River Bany, a commodious Port op-
pofite to the Coaftof Spa'uu the only fafe and ready Port in all Ireland
for the Er,gU(h Ships and others to vidrual at, or refrcfli themftlvcs, ha-
ving a ihong Caftie for its defence j which alfo furrendred to the
Englifh, Odob. 17. 16 po.

Toughal upon the Sea, with a fafe Road, and convenient Haven, and
is the moll convenient place in all the South Parts of Ireland^ from
whence to tranfport Cattd,Sheep,€^c.to any part of the J^eji oiEnglartd,
Other places in this County, are KoJ^e^ once of good account, and a
Bilhoprick, now united to Corl{,Charkville^ MallOy Brandon-BHdge, Bal-
limore, &c. are Borough Towns.

Ltmrkk^, or LoHgh-Meagb^ the Principal of that County, and the
fourthinelhmationof all the Kingdom, fcituate inanlflandjCompafTed
about with the River Shannon^ by which means well tortiried ; A well
frequented Empory, and a Bi(hops See. Diftant from the main Ocean.
about 60 miles, yet Ships of good burthen come up clofe to the very
Walls ; of a happy fcituation in refped of Traffick and Commerce It
is counted two Towns, the Upper, where ftands the Cathedral Church.
and Caiile :. The lower fenced with a Wall and Caftie. The.laft Town
that furrendred to the Englijh , and compleated the Conqueft of Ire-^
land. Kilmallockis a Borough Town, Pvich and Populous. . Askeaton and;
Athdora^XQ. fmall Towns of note.

Dinghy a Borough and Market-Town, is the chief of the County of
Kerry \ itis well feated for Navigation, upon a very large Bay of the
fame name, the moft Weftern of note in all Ireland. Jrdfeart is a Bo-
rough-Town, nigh the Sea, and a l^iftioprick. Irally about 4 miles,
from the Sea.

Tp conclude J Thefe four Provinces make up a Kingdom, as beau-
tiful and fweet a Countrey as any under Heaycd, ftpred with many*

c K eoodiv

Of Denmark. 5g

goodly Rivers, repleniflied with abundance of all forts of Fi(h, fprink-
led with many Brave Iflands and Lakes , adorned with goodly Woods
for building of Houfes or Ships \ full of good Forts and Havens ; of a
Soil moll: fertile, and the Air mild and temperate i fo that there is no-
thing wanting that may ferve to make it a moft magnificent and flou-
rifhing Kingdom.

f Denemarck,

^^4 Of Denmark. i

DANIJ, Lat. VENEMARCK, ineolis: DENMARK^
Engl, is a Monarchy which in former times was very formi-
dable both to France and England i and though the Englijh for
many years have minded no other Intereft in this Country but that
of the Baltick^znd North Trade ; yet lince thefe tvvo Crowns are now
come to a clofer Union , ir may be worth our while to look back and
confider the State of that Monarchy , wherein the Englijh hath io
great an Inrerell by the late Marriage of George Piinct oi Venmark^ v/ith
the Princefs y^nn.

Concerning the Original of the Dane^ we read not in any of the
more ancient Greek^znd Latin Authors, excepting Jornandes and Venan-
Uhs Fortunatusy who yet but (lightly mention them. In the French and
Englijh Hirtories they are often remembred, firfi in the Reign of 7heo-
dorick. King of Jujirafia^ about the year f i <5, under their King Cochlia-
riusy foraging upon the Sea-coaftof GW-Ee/^?ci^> flain in their return
hy Theodebert, Son toTl^odoricI^ After this in the Reign of C/;^r/ej- the
Great, under their Prince Go/ ricwj-, or Godfrey, then warring upon the
Obertriti^ the Inhabitants zhoui Rofiock^tejle Kranizio -, and invading
Freifland whh a Fleet of 200 Sail', threatning the Neighbouring ^^xcwx
with Subjedrion, and much endangering the Empire of the French, if
the death oi Godfrey, and the Quarrels about Succellion had not pre-
vented.

Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the
Race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line, and of the Monarchy of
the Englijh Saxons-, with fundry Fleets and Armies unrefiftible, invading
France and England,conquenng and fubduingthe Englifh Saxon Nation,
and giving the name of Normandy to part oi France ; for by that com-
mon Name of Normans, the Danes, as well as the Nortveeis and Swethes
were then called. V,

The word Dane^ Saxo Grammaticus Krantzim, and others fabuloufly
derived from one Van , a King hereof, about the year of the World
2Sp8. Becanuf from Henen or Venen, lignifying a Cock in the Danifh
Language , the Arms of the Alani their Prcngenitors. But how they
got thither is very uncertain. Andreus Velleiuj in Camhden , from the
Vahi, a people oi Afta , and Mar/^ fignify in § a Border. Ethelwardus
from Vonia^ a Town fometimes lince feated herein. Montanus, from
Aha ; lignifying water, in regard of the Situation of the Country. The
more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea cal-
led by Mela, Sinus Codanus, about which Strait, and in the Iflands ad-
jacent, thefe people, fince their iirft being known, have to this day

inhabited.

Of DenmAvk* 55-

mhabited. From this Name hath the Country been called "Denmark^
A Nation famous a long time for Arms, and their many and great Vi-
dlories atchieved abroad. Themfclves (never conquered by Foreign
Power) Lords fometimes of England and Srvethdand, Yet fuch is the
VicilTitude of Kingdoms, that Denmark^ was in the compafs of four
years, viz. 1^57^ 5^^ 5P» and i<5<5o, almoft conquered by the Sjvedes,
the Hiftory of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manky > there
you will Hnd the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful refolution,
and continued SuccelTes; the King o{ Vinmarh^'w'iih zn undaunted and
indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career, till by the Me-
diation of the Vutch and Unglifh the Treaty of Rofchilt in February
155-8. was concluded, and the two Kings had a friendly Interview;
Yet foon after this the War broke out again ^ for the King of Sweden^
upon pretence of nonperformance of Articles, with much fecrefie got
before Cofznhagen in Auguft 1 5 j 8. fo that the Fate of Denmark depend-
ed upon the Invincible Courage and Condud of King Frederic^ ,
who defended Copenhagen with a Royal Magnanimity till the death
of the King of Sppeden , when was concluded a fecond Peace upon
the Bafis of the former Treaty. Not to mention the late Wars
wherein thefe two Northern Crowns were again imbrued in blood,
where (he^i9n?fc/ej- were overcome frequently in Field-fights, and in
SiegeSjNas well as at Sea. They loft iVifmar in Mecklewburg^ and fe-
veral places in Schomn. And the Vanes had made, as well as Bran-
denburg , brave Acquifitions and Revenges^ had not the French King
forced them to a Reftitution.

The Monarchy of Denmark^., as it is now united and incorporated,
contains two Kingdoms, Vtnmark, and Norway j to which we may
zddGroenland, ZK\di the XdinAs oi If d and ^ Shetland d^ni Ferro. Veti-
niar\ is fituate between the Ocean and the Bakkk^ Sea, compofed of a
Feninfula^ contiguous to Germany^ a Coaft adjoining to Siveden^ and :
of divers llles which are between the Ptninfnla and the Coaft, with
fome others further diftant. Containing five more general parts or
names of i. Jutlandi 2. The Iftaiids of the Sounds or Sundt. 3. Ha.*
land. 4, Schontn. 5. Bleking.

Of Jatia^ or Jmhnd.

TH E Teninfula called Jutland, was once the Cimhria Cherfonefm of
?tol. from thQ Cimbrianr its ancient Inhabitants; who were fol-
lowed by the Juitesy Stxons^ and Angles : after thefe came the Vanes^
by whom it. is now poffeflcd , being -divided into two parts, North

56 Of Difitniitrk,

and South r, the South part is divided alfo into two Dukedoms, viz.
Viicatus Hdfatia or Hoifleinj and Slefuicenfis Vucatus, or Slefrvick-

Of the Dukedom of Holftein, or Holfatiss Ducatus.

THIS is a Wooddy, low and Marihy Couiitry, and contains the
Provinces of P/;/7?«er//ii , Stormaria^ Holfatia., and JFjgria^ pro-
perly and ftridtly fo called. Stormaria^ Stgrtnaren^ hath for its chief
places Himhmgh^ Mzrionis^ Ptol. tijie Cluver, a free Imperial City, and
a Hans'Toivn of great ftrength, as well by Nature as Art, adorned
with fair and beautiful Structures, viz. the Council-Houfe, Exchange,
and nine Churches ^ a place of great Trade, and well reforted to by
Merchants and Factors of feveral Nations. y4nno 1374. this Town
was adjudged to belong to the Earls o^ Holfiein, ai-id that determina-
tion ratify'd by Charles the Fourth. And 'tis faid that the Hsmhurgtrs
took the Oath of Allegiance to Chniikm Earl o( Oldenburg^the firlt King
of P. .77U.''/; cf that Houfe, as Earl 0^ H)!jiein\ but fince they live as a
free State, and being jealous of their Liberty, or their Guik, they are
always in a pofture of Defence, and can upon all occaiions raife
1 500 Citizens well armed, belides their confiant Garifon, and the
promifed allidance of the reft of the Hi/z/-Tf;n?;;x. 2. Crempa^ Kretn-
pen^ a ftrong and well Fortiried Town, reckoned one of the Keys of
the Kingdom. Gluckjtadt^ Ghtcfiadiufn^ which commands the palTage
up the Elbe. 6. Pinnenberg^ Pinneberga^ a ftrong place, and of great
confequence. 7. Bredenherg^ one of the beft Towns in the Country,
remarkable for the ftout refiftance it made againft Walleftein 1628.

Wagria^ IVageren, hath for its chief places Lubeca, Lubeck^^ the Treva
of Ptol. tefte Marc. Sunf. & Brktio^ an Imperial Free City, and a Hans-
Toopfij and Billiops See, built upon a rifing Hill, on the furamit where-
of is placed the Cathedral Church, called St. Maries : befides which,
it bath nine others. The Streets are ftraight and fair ; Ms Fortified with
a Ditch and double Wall, in circuit about fix miles, and enjoys a good
Trade. Hylin tells us there is not a City of Germany which can equa-
lize it, either for the Beauty, and uniformity (f the Houfes,- rhe plea-
fant Gardens, fair Streets, and delightful Walks without the Walls :
leafed upon the River Tr^t^e, which runs through the midftof it about
eight Enghjh miles from the Baltick- Guarded at the River's mouth by
the Fort 'Travemwid, and is in a ftrid Alliance with the States-General
of the United- Provinces, ever fince Anno 1648. The other Towns
are Nervjiadt^ Ploen.^ Plona^ upon a Like fortiiied with a Caftle, and
belonging to a Prince qf the Houfe oi Holjhin^ called Holfiein Ploen.

Oldenhurgh.

Of 'Denmark, 57

Oldenhor^. Scgehert ^ the Lirim'ms of Vtol. and OldeJIoe. T)itmarjia,
Vithmarjen, hath for its chief places Meldrop^ the prime Town of the
Province. Lnnden^ & Brttnshunel^ Heide. Holfatia, Holface^ Gallis. Hol-
(iein, is the laft member of this Eftate, though giving name to the
whole; the chief places in it are Kid^ alias Chilonmmy Seated upon
the Bahick^Sea^ a well traded Town, with a large Haven, and flore
oi Shipping. 2. Kensborg^ the beft fortified, and Itzehoa on the Ri-
ver Stocr.

Adolf h ciSchaumherg in the Year 11 14. (by Lotharius Emperor and
Duke oi Saxony ) was made the firft Earl of Holjiein. j4dolph the hft
Earl ; of which Hcufe dying without IlTue, the whole Eftate fell to
Chri(iiern^ Son of Theodorkk^EzxX o( Oldenberir ^ who being made King
oi Denmark^^ prevailed with Fre^mc/;^ the third, Emperor, to have the
whole Ertate ereded into a Dukedom, 1474. and by this means uni-
ted to the Crown of 'Denn7ark^. the Kings thereof, as Dukes of Hoi'
jhin, being counted Princes of the Empire ^ though they neither fend
to the Imperial Diets, nor contribute to the publick Taxes, nor ac-
knowledge any Subjedion more than Titular : Yet lince this uniting
of thefe two Eliates, the Title of Duke oi Holfldn^ and a good pare
of the Countrey, was in a manner difmembred from the Crown, and
given to Adolph^ Brother of Clmftiern the Third. Afterwards ano-
ther part of this Countrey was bellowed upon John^ Younger Bro-
ther to FTederickji\\Q Second. So that now the Houfe of Holfhin is di-
vided into three principal Branches, whereof the King of VenmarJ^'is
the Head, and ftanding Protcdtor of the firft Branch: The other two
Branches are that of Holjhin Gottorp, and that of Hol\hm Sunderhurg^
which is divided into four Branches ; fo that the Dukes of Holfiein
are now increafed to a great number : of wliich the Duke of Holfidn
Gottorp is the moft coniiderable; yet was greater before he loft the
King of Dt'wm^rj^ his Brother-in-Law's favour, by engaging too far
with the Swedes , whereby he loft to the King his Rights of Sove-
reignty over the Dukedom of Slefrvick^^ and has little or nothing
there lett belides his Caftle at Gottorp, And in HJfiein his Subjedt are
under Contribution , whilft himfelf refides at Hamburg, his .place of
refuge.

Slefvsce^Jis Ducatm^ Slefwick or Hertzogthumb^ IncolU.

TH I S is that part of Jutland which lies next to Holjiein^ and was
firft ereded a Dukedom by King Eric of Vemnarh^^ who gave it
to PFaldemar •, but Male-ilTue failing, it returned to the Crown, and

I was

5B Of Denmark.

W3is by Margaret J Queen of De«w«rj^, Nora>ay, Sind Sweden, conferred
upon GetrardEdivl ot Holjiein. Afterwards it fell, together with Hoi-
Ihin , to Chriftiern of Oldenbttrg , King of Damark^^ by whom it was
with Holjiein Incorporated in that Crown. A Country which once in
three or four years the Inhabitants let the Pools overflow the Land,
where they catch plenty of Fifh, and the Mud iiiriches the Soil. Its
chief Towns are Schlefwyck^^ Skfukum^ & Hddeha., tejie Cranizio ^ an
Epifcopal See, and Head of the Dukedom, Seated on the River Sha^
which falls into the Baltkk^Sea ; where it hath a commodious Haven^
2. Hufum^ Seated on the River EyJfr, Fortified with a Caftle. 3. H;<-
ders-kben^ Fortified with the Strong Caftle Hanjberg. 4. Flensber^^
with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Slefwich^
is a Country that goes by the name q{ Angelen^ from whence 'England
had its firft denomination ever fince King Egbert. 5. The Port of
Chriftiera-pries , now Fortified by the Fort Frederick. 6. Gortopy a
Strong Fort or Caftle, the Relldence of the Duke of Holjiein, 7. Fre-
derick^jiadt upon the Eyder^ built by one of the late Dukes, intending
to have fet up a Trade of Silk there: to which purpofc, in the Year
163 $. he fent a fplendid EmbalTy into Mufcovy and Ferfia^ whofe Tra-
vels are defcribed by Olearim,

Of North-Juitland.

NOrth'Juitland^ is divided into four Dioceffes , Kipen^ Arihnfen^
Albourg^ and Wibourg,

The Diocefs of Kipen^ contains feven Walled Towns, and ten Ca-
bles 5 its chief places are Kipen , an Epifcopal See, Fortified with a
Caftle. 2. K'ldingy the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that
paffes that way. 5. Frederick^ Ode^ or Frederica ^ lies in a Scitua-
tion of that importance, that Charles Guliavus having taken it in the
late Wars i<557. opened himfelf a way to pafs his Army over the Ice
into all the Neighbouring Iflands, and to alarm Copenhagen ; an Adtion
both bold and unheard of j for he marched his Cavalry and his Car-
riages over a great Arm of the Sea, where before a fingle footman
was afraid to expofe his life.

The Diocefs of Arthufia, or Arthufen^ contains feven Cities, and
fiveCaftles \ its chief places are Arthnfen, a well-frequented Port ;
Kalla a Strong place, Hrfens and Kenderen.

The Diocefs of ^e/^<?«rg , jielburgum^ hath for its chief places v^/-*
bourgh^ at the mouth of JJmford- Bay. Nicoping , Hirring , IFanJyJfel ,
^hyftedj and Scagen^ or the Scarp^ the northermoft part of Jmtland.

The

Of Denmark ^^

The Diocefs of VAbomg hath three Caftles, and three Walled Towns \
the chief is IFthottrg^ where are the Courts of Judicature for all Jutt'
iand.

The chid Jflands belonging to Denmar\^ that lie difperfed in the
Baltkk^^Ci are^ Zeland^ Fionia ot Funen^ A^fen^ ^rroe or Aria^ Lang-
iandf Laland^ Faljhr, Moiie^ Hmr.^ or Wetn-Jflund^ and Bornholm.

Of the Baltick Sea.

TH I S is the Sinus Codanm of the Ancients, otherwife called Sue-
vicum Mare^ feu Baltkunu Vie Belth^ or Oofizee , Belgis , La Mar
Baltique Gallis, Warczk^vie More, Kujjjs* It hath three feveral paflTages
into it from the Ocean, all of them under the command of the King
of Denmark^', the fafeft and moft ufual is that famous Strait called the
Fretum Sundicum. Le Sund, Gallis. Straet Van Sund^ Batavis. Onfund^
Danis^ The Sound, Anglis^ So great a paffage, that there often fails
200, fometimes 300 Ships through in one day, and is not above four
miles over in the narrowed: place. The fecond Paffage or Inlet lies
between the Illindsof XelandznA Fumn, and is about 16 miles over,
and is called Beltfomid, or the great Belt. The third Paffage is between
Fmen and Jutland, not above eight miles over, and is called the leffer
Belt, This Sea is faid by Captain Codings to be Frefli Water.

Of Zeland.

Z Eland, of old C&damnia, the greateft Ifland of the Baltick^ Seas, is
fcituate near the main Land oiSchonen, from which 'tis feparated
by a narrow Strait, about four miles over ; which is called the Sound'.
through which all Ships muft pafs that have any Trade or Commerce
in thefe Seas, and pay a Toll, or Impolition to the King, according
to their bignefs, or Bills of Ladings by which arifeth hss greateft Re-
venue i And for the fecurity of this Paffage, there are built two very
ftrongCaftles, the one in this Ifle, called Cronenhitrg^ the moft delight-
ful Seat in the World, affording a profitable and pleafant Profpefi of
all Ships that Sail through the S~-)itnd \ the other in Schonen, or Scan-
dia, called Elfenbttrg. In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth out Eafilandr
Fleet was by the King of Denmark^ threatned to be funk, in cafe they
p^fftd this Saund, or Straits of E//e«o«r; yet they made the Adventure,
having only one Man of War, viz. the Minim, and kept their courfe,
( mtugre all oppofition, without any wound received j forwards and
back again.

I 2 The

^o Of Denmark,

The chief City of this Iflind , is Haphnia Kiobenhaven , Vinis.
Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the
Metropolis of the whole Kingdom, fometime the Refidence of the
King a Univerfity,Seated near the Sea,with a good Port, and fafe Road
for Ships; Fortified with a Strong Cartle, containing one of the
Faireft Arfenals in Europe j wherein is a Cektiul Globe llx foot Dia-
meter.

Chrifiiern the Fourth having laid the Foundation of a New City in
the little liland of Armager^ joined it to the old by a Bridge, and cal-
led it by the Name of ChrilHems H^ven-, fo that now it is divided into
two parts ; in the New Town is the Royal Caftle, the Mint, the Ex-
change, and the Arfenal before- mentioned. This City was taken by
Frederick^^ Anno 1522. and in the Year 153^. after a years Siege it
was furrcndred to Chriflkm the 3^. The Citizens now enjoy the
greateH: priviledge of any City in Europe,

Kofchildia^ Kofcbildt^ is the Burying-place of thGVaiiiJh Kings. E//e-
nour.y Elfinoria , is near to the ftrong Caftle and Palace of Cromnhurg^^
the Fortifications whereof was, and is the Key of the Baltkl^Sea., en-
larged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Fredmckihe 2d,
The Surrender of this Caftle to the Swedes by a Stratagem, Si:pt, the
6th, 1(558. was like to have loft Copenhagen ^ and confequently the
whole Kingdom.

Frederich^berg is a Fortrefs built in a pleafant Plain, oftentimes the
place of the King'^ retirement; but moft famous for that folemn Inter-
view and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Stve'
den and De/;w:?ri^ upon the Conclufion and Ratification of the Kofchil'dt
Treaty. Other places are Kallenburg. Rinjiead. Koge. Korfoer is the
place where King Charles of Smden landed his Army in his Second
Expedition againft Denmark^, Aug. 8. 1658. five Months after the a-
forefaid Interview of the two Kings at Fredericksburg, 'Ncjlwood. Wa-
ringhurg^ was the firft place where the King of Sweden fet his Foot in
Zeland in his firft Expedition. In this Ifland are reckoned 340 Vil-
lages.

The Ifland oi Fion'ia or Fmen^ is the affigninent of the Prince of
Denmarkj, 'tis feated between Zeland and Jnitland^ feparated from the
firft by a narrow paffage called the Bdt ; from the laft by a narrower,
called Middle-far-fomd. 'Tis a fertile Soil, and pleafant Scituation.

Its chief place is the well-traded Odenfee^ an Epil<:opal See, for-
merly the Seat of the General Affembliesof the Kingdom, now kept
at Copenhagen: adorned with two fair Churches, and neat Buildings;
near this place Count Guldinlew, the Vice- roy of Norvpay^ was.overtar

Of Defjmarki 6 r

ken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his firft Expedition.
Other Towns are MidUfare^ Sivinber^, with feveral other good
Towns, four Royal Gaftles, and 254. Villages , belides Gentkmer-s
Houfes.

/ilfen is a Tmall Illand belonging io the Dukedom of Slefn:k\. whofe
chief place is the CalHe of Sunderherg^^ gi^'i'^'g Name to a Branch of
rhe Royal P'amily, the Duke of R>Uidn Sunderberg.

Arroe^ or Aru^ is a Cmall Ill;;nd belonging alfo to the Duke oi Slef-
wick'

Liingland^ and Laland^ the firft is the largcft, the other the moft plen-
tiful ill Corn and Chefnuts ; whofe chief place is Nask^rv^ a Town well
Forrihed.

Faljier is a fmall Tiland fertile in Corn^ its chief place \is Nicopin^ of
a pleafant fcituation, cal'ed the Naples of Denmark.

Mom Hie is about twelve miles long, arid fix broad, the chief place
is Stek^^ where the Svcedijh Forces found a greater refinance than inany-
of the other Iflandsr.

H^enotWeenii remarkable for the obfervations of that famous
Adronomer Ty'cho Brabe.

The Illand of Br/jhclmwis granted to theCrovvn of Saredenhyihe
late Treaty of Peace i but fince, the Vanes have exchanged it for an
equivalent propriety of certain Lands in Schmen.

Crofs we now over the Setmd^ and take notice of the other part of
this Kingdom, which lies on rhe Eaft Continent, called Scandia^ under
which general Nam.e it contains the whole Kingdom of Norvpay^ the
greater part of the Kingdom, of Srveden^ and fome. partof Venmarkz
That whrch did belong to Venmarl^y is divided into' three Provinces,
Hil'and^ Schonen^ and BUh^re^^ now under the King of Svficden, by the
^i/c.^//f Treaty 5 yet here mentioned, becaufe the places in the Map
are more plainly ^ctn^ than in the Map of Sveedcr.

HaVandis a Province for fertility of Soil, fweetnefs of Air, fiore of
Fifh, plenty of Leadan 1 Brafs Mines, fcarce inferior io any ; its chief
places are Wansbozii^g, Lihclm, H4mjlat^ Fall^nhurg^ and 7'(?rj^)nr.

Schjnenis the pleafantell Countrey in z\\ Denmark:, m.off abundant
in fruits, and thoals of Herrings •, its chief places are Lunden, the Mer
tropolitan Archbifhoprick of Denmark^^ with its famous Dial^ where
the Year, Month, Week, Day and Hour throughout tne Year, as alfo
the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the ZodiacJ^^-
the moveable and fixed Fealis, &c. arediiiindly fcen, being finely a-
dorned, and fet forth in variety of delightful Cokurs. Other places are
Helfiagoburgum^ or Elfjnborcb. fortified withaninopregnabkCafilej and.

one

■ 6i Of Nortvaj/,

one of the Forts defending the -Sow/^j/over-igalnrt Crmmhur^, Lanfcrooity
Corona- ScanU^ Mdmogia^ or Elbogen, 7illhnrg^ VcIJied^ WaUebifrg^ Sitrt'
tnerj'haven, aiX)dChri!iiern(iadt, ox Chnlikm-dorp.

Blek^ing is mountainous and barren j its chiefeft places are Cbrijiiano'
fie, JhuySy Selborg, Eliholm, Katenbyj and Cards- hazcn^ often mentioned
in the late Wars.

Denmark^ hiih been an Hereditary Kingdom ever fince the ytax
r5(5o, for before it was Eledive j fo the Nobility do not enjoy thofe
Privileges which they did before.

The King ftiles himfelf, Earl of Oldenburg and Velmenherji, as being
the Eighth King of that Houfe, to which the Crown of Dermarl^ fell
.in the year 1448, by the Eledion of Chrijikrn the hrft j and is to this
day in their poflelTion.

The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in VeKmar\cvcT fince
the Reign of Frederick^ the rirft, who was Eleded ^ww 1523, fo that
there are two Archbilhops, and thirteen Bifiiops for Denmark:

The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former, and
now late Undertakings againrt the Svpedes j by which it appears, that
they can raife a ftrong power at Sea, and maiie good Levies at Land,
for defence of their own Pf?^^^/.

The Revenue of this King contifts chiefly in the great Tmpoft laid
upon all Ships which pafs through the Sounds which is the Key of the
Baltick^i alfo in fome Crown-Lands, a great yearly Toll made of the
Cattel ; as alfo of the Fifh tranfported into other Countries.

The T>jnes are generally of good Stature, clear of Comple(^ioii,
and healthful ; crafty and provident in their affairs, peremptory in
their affertions, and opinionated of their Actions ; Religious, Juft in
their Words and Contract's, good Soldiers both at Sea and Land.
The Women are fair, difcreet, and courteous, fruitful of Children.
The Danijh Ladies love hunting, and more freely entertain at their
Tables, than in their Beds, thofe that come to vifitthem.

For great Captains and men of War, it is famous; for Godfrey or
Gotricus, who endangered the Empire of France ; for Stveno andCanu-
tus, the Conquerors of England. For men of Learning, 7ycho Brahe the
Prince of Afironomers, Hemingiusdi Learned Divine, Bertholinus a Phy/i-
eian and Philofopher, John Cleverius the Hiftorian and Geographer.

Of Norway. 6^

Of the Kingdom of NORWAY.

NOrvegia.Lat.Neri^of Vlin, Nortvay./^rgl contains the Weftern partof
the Peninfula of Scandinavia, t}..: Eaftern part being part o'i Swede
land^ A long ridge of mountains making the feparation, leaving Nor-
way toward the Ocean^ and Swedeland toward the BaltichJ^&z. From
hence are tranfported Train-Oyl^ Fitch, Stockrfijh, Maftj for Ships,
Veal boards. The Coaft of Norway, tho of a large extent, has few
good Por/x, by reafonof the fmall Ifands and Kock^ that inviron it, and
the Gulf of Maeljiroom which fwallows and endangers ail the Ships
that come nigh it. Herhinim tells us, that this Northern Charyhdis or
Vorago, by the Inhabitants Moskeflroom, is forty miles in extent. Kir-
c^fr faith 'tis thirteen miles in Circumference \ that it hath a motion
afcending and defcending, fix hours, by fucking in waters, and as
many throwing them forth again. That part which lyes toward the
Pole, is full of Forefts and Mountains, wherein there are fome few
Mines of Copper and Iron. In the year 1^4^, was difcovered near
Opjlcw or Anp, a Mine of very good Gold, which gave the Inhabi-
tants occafion to fay, that they had got the Northern Indies. But that
Boaiiendured no longer than the Mine, which prefently vanilhed for
fear of being rifled.

Opflo., JnJIoye Gallis, the Afijloga of old, it was burnt down in the
time of Chrijfiern the Fourth King oiVenmarh,^ and fince called Clyriftia-
na ; Ms a Bifiiop s See. Aggerhad is a Caftle near to it, full North from.
Scagen^ the moft Northern point of Jutland. St a f anger \s d.St^-T own ^
with a good Port, near which is the Fort Voeswich. There is the Herb
OJfifraga of Norway, which fnaps the bones of Cattel that tread upon
it. Eaft of Drowikiw lies the Countrey of Jemperland, formerly partof-
Norway, but was by the Treaty of Bromshroo, Anno i^45> yielded to
the Swedes, to whom it is ftill fubjed^.

This Kingdom has five Governments, with as many Gaftles, B^«/,
Aggerhm, Bergen-hus, Vrontheni'hus , and IVard-hus. Thar of Bahus^
with a Cadle of the fame name upon a Rock, was delivered to the
Swedes by the Treaty oiKofchilt 5 Berghen is the better City, the Scat of
the Viceroy, with a new Fort called Fredericksburg ; and a Port into
which Velkls have an eafier entrance, and where they are fafefrom the
Winds, by reafon of the high Mountains which inviron it : The Mer-
chants of the Hans-Towns have there a Houfe and a Magazine. Vron-
thm, in Latin Nidrofta, the Court of the ancient Kings of Norn^ay, is

very/

-^4 ^f Norway,

very much fallen to c^ecay, yet it ftill retains the Title of an Archbi-
(hoprick, and the Pvemahis of one of the taireiVand inoft magnificent
Churches of the North: Ships ride fafe in the Harbour, but they muft
have very good Pilots to carry them in. Here the People make a kind
of Bread of Barly-meal, and Oats, which they bake between twa
hoUuw Flint-lionc?, which Pread keeps thirty or forty ycars.The AV-
wfguwj are little fubjedtroficknefs, and ot (uch a Gc;nliitution, that
vi?hen they are in a Fever, one llice of Bacon does them more good
than a poached Egg ; Their great inclination to Sorcery, makes them
have the reputation of Selling the Win-is to the Seimen.

Finmark^, v»hich makes part of Lapland, advances into t'ne Frigid
:.2'«e, fo that day or night continues alternately forfeveral Months to-
gether. The liihabitantscluim nothing of Property, but take the firti
place that pleafss them, hereto day, in another place to morrow. They
live upon Fijfj, iiid hhtntmg^ and only pay an acknowledgment of cer-
tain SKins totheKingof I-tvzwizr/^, and carry their Fifli to Berghen.ThQ
CalUeof IVardbiis, with a Borough of 300 Houfes, the moll Nor-
thernly of the whole Continent, is in the middle of a little Ifiand,
where it fervesonly to force the payment of certain duties fromthofe
that Traflkk to Arc})- Angd in Mcfcozy. The Haven is in the Weilern
part of the Ifiand, which is feparated from the Land by an arm of the
Sea, about a Quarter of a League broad, through which the Ships make
Sail, and the places adjoiniPig are not fo fubjed to the Ice, as other
parts of the (ame Sea.

.As for the Korwcgians-^ we have not read of them in any ancient Au-
thor ; bbth Nimeand Countiey fecm more lately to have been given
from their Northern Scltuation, uniting with the Vanes and Sn-edej -,
they were better known in the time of the French Empire, by the name
of Nornnns i under which appellation in the time of Charles the Stm-
'pie, they got the Province of Normandy conferred on RoHo^ the Hril
puke. thereof, yir.no p 12 ■, afterwards fetling in their own Countrey,
they were called AVn-fgiaffj, from their Northern Scituation ■■, Govern-
ed by theli own Kings til! their hnal Subjugation by the Dj//ej-,which
was by means of the Marriage of Fliqiiin the laft Pnnce of Norway^
unto Margaret Queen of Denrnzrh^^ Norway ^ 3ii\d Sweden^ a fecond Se-
miramis in the Hilfory of thofe times -, who having once got footing
in Nrway^ fo alfured themfelves of it, that they have ever (ince poi-
fe,lTed it as a Tributary Kingdom, fo that now Norxvay and Denmark^
are both fellow Subje6i:s under the fame King.

The Comm.odities that thefe Kingdoms afford, are F//7^, Hides^Tal-
lorPf Pitch, Tar.^ Cordage^ Ma(tSi Firr Boards^ Wainfc>. t.^ &c.

J£L

m-rr-mn-T^-nsr-lm-m iiiiw iiwi imi liiw ton wi WM m

Sweden 1 . ^"^^5:^-^^.

TH E Monarchy of Smvonia, or iS'r^w^^ JL^/. Sweden Incolity Suede
Gal, Suetia Ital, by the Poles, Szn^ecya, and Szn^edzh^- Zimia^ is
the tnoft ancient in Europe if it be true, that it has had above a hun-
dred and fifty iC/wg/j and that thefirft among them was the Son of
Japhet, one of the Sons of Noah. Perhaps for this reafon it was, that
at the Council of Bitjtl a Swedifh Bifliop had the confidence to demand

K of

66 Of SrvedehnL

of the Prefidlents the precedency before all the Bifhops of Chrijiendom.
Some Hiftorians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermankus ;
and demonftrate to us, that the Kingdom was Eledive till the Reign
of Guliavus de Vafa^ or Ericus^ who made it Hereditary to his Family
in the year 154.4 j and at the fame time put down the Roman- Catholic}^
Religion, to embrace the Lutheran Doiktme \ under this pretence of
Religion, Charles the Ninth of Sudcrmania^ deprived his Nephew Si-
gifmimd of his Crown, who had been the i^tb Ele(9tive King of Fo-
land^oi tnatName. In the Reign of the Emperor C/:?<2r/e/ the Great,
we rind them to have been a Free State, different from that of the
Danesy entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridm^ Kings of that Na-
tion, driven out by the Sons of Goter'mis. In the Reign of Srveno the
Firrt, and Camniis the Great, they werefubjedtotheP^w/.ByQueen
Murg<3/£'* about the year 1387, they w;re again fubdued to iheVam/h
yoke ; after long Wars, fundry defcdions and recoveries, not fully
delivered until the year 1525, freed by G«f?^7;«j- aforefaid , and ever
fince commanded by Princes of their own Nation. The ancient Inha-
bitants of this Nation are fuppofed to be the Suiones^ or Sitones ot 'ta-
citur. Inhabiting the greater Scandia of ?tol» by Aimon'ms called the
Sueones^ in his 48^^. and loijf. Chap, h) Jornandes de Rebus Getkisjihe
Suethki^ at this day by long corruption the Sueci^ giving name to the
Countrey now called Suetia^ or Suedeland, extended for a great fpace
of Land betwixt the Balttck^dnid the Frozen Seas.

The King of SwedelandMcs hirafelf King of the Svpedes^ Goths ^ Van-
dals-i Great Prince of Finland^ Duke of Ejionia and Carelia^ Lord of.
Ingna \ and bears in his Arms three Crowns. The prefent King is
Charles the Eleventh, of the Family of the Palatine oiDeux Fonts.Thc
Goths and Vandals ztt famous in Hiftory for their Conquefts i So have
the Swedes been in the lart Age, through the Valour of their late
Kings, and the Conquefts they have made upon their Neighbours,
which had made them almoft Matters of thtBaltkh^

The Peace at Biomsbroontzt Chri(lianoplej Anno 1^45, obliged the
King of Denmark to reftore Jempterland and HcrendaJl to the Swedes^znd
to furrender him the Iflands of Gotland and Oefel to perpetuity, with
the Province of Halland for thirty years.

The Peace of Rosk^l near Copenhagen, i<^58, furrendred Halland
wholly to the Swedes, together with Schonen, Blekjng, aad the Ifland
of Bornholm, ( which afterwards returned to the Vanes by exchange of
other Lands ) the Fortrefs of Bahus, and the Bailywick of Dronthem,

The Peace at Copenhagen i<56o, confirmsthe Treaty of Rwj^/,except
for the Bailywick of Dronthem j and acquires the Ifland of JFeen>

The.'.

of SrvedeUnd, 6y

The AcquifitioRS of the Sveededom the Empire by the Peace ofMun-
jier^ were the Dutchy of Loader Pomerania, and in the Vpper-Stetin^ GartZy
Dam and Golnau^ the liland and Principality of Kugen^ the Ifles and
^ Mouths oWder ; the Dukedoms of Bremm and Ferden ; The City Sig-
fiiore, and part of Wifmar^ Wildhufen in Weftphalta^ the priviledge to at-
tempt the relt of Pomeranian and the new Marquifate of Brandenburgh.

The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzich^^ i5do, wasfo advantageous to
this Kingdom, that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Ti-
tle of King of Sivedeland for the future j and confented that Livonia
from thenceforth (hould be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden. This
was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna, where
only Vunemburgh was refcrv'd to the Crown of Poland^ according to
the Truce made at Stumfdorf for 26 years, Anno 1^3 5.

The Peace with Mufcovy reftord to Sweden all that the Grand Duke
had taken in Livonia,

The King of Sweden pretends to the Succeilionof Cleves and Juliers^t
by Title from his Great Grand-father, John Duke of VeuxPonts:^ who
Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sifter to Duke John-Wi^iam,

In the Eftates of this Kingdom, theCountrey-men make a Corpo-
ration, or Body, as well as the other Orders.

Sweddand contains that part of Scandinavia.^ which is the beft,as ly-
ing toward the Eali. The cold Weather is there very long, and fome-
times very bitter \ however the Inhabitants do not fo much make ufe
of Furs, as they do in Germany j they only wear Night-Caps, Wollen-
Gloves, Juft-a-corps, and make great Fires of Wood, with which
they are well ftored.

There are fo few Sick People among them,that Phyficiani and Apothe-
caries have little or no Pra<5tice. The Inhabitants are equally Rich, and
their greateft Revenue confifts in Copper .^ whence the moft part of the
Europeans fetch it, to make their fmall Money, their Cannon, and their
Bells. The City of <y*oc)^&o/^« alone has in the Caftle above 800 Pieces
of Great Artillery \ and it is believed, that in all the Kingdom, there
are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made i<56i, fourfcore
thoufand men were Muftered in Arms.

This Countrey being fo full of Mountains and Woods, afford very
little Corn ; fothat in times of Scarcity, the Poor are forced to eat
very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Countrey, befides Copper.^
are Butter., TaIIon> ^ Hides ^ Skjns, Pitchy Kofin, "timber ^ and Boards.
The Cities are very fubjed: to Fire, in regard the Houfcs are all built of
Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more confidcrable than the Rivers :
Nor is there anyTrade,but upon the Coafts,where there is no venturing

K 2 without

58 Of SmdeidnL

without a Pilot , becaufe of the great number of Rocks. The let
there is fo thick, that Waggons go fafely upon it. In other places, .
the Snow aflfords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges.
The Horfes are fit for War ^ for, befides that they are eafily kept, and
rarely fick , they are well ufed to the Road ; they carry their Rider
fwimming, they readily take wide Ditches, they are Couragious and
Nimble -, and will aflail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels
and Teeth h-'ih together.

Under tne Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Go-
thhy Sueci'j^ propria, Bothnia^ Lapponia^ Suecica Finlandia^ Ingria^ and
Livonia : wherein is contained 35 Provinces ( befides the Acquifitions
aforefaid) wherein Sertius reckoneth 1400 Parifties : The two firft
toward the Weft, and the three laft toward the Eafl:; theGulf of F?«-
land between them both.

Gothia, or Gothland^ whether fo called from the Goths., or falfly af-
fedring that more glorious Name, cannot well be known > is divided
into Ojlro-Gothland^ and Weftro- Gothland \ And thofe that conquered
Spain were called Vifigoths.

Chief places in Ojirogoth or Eaft-Gothland^ are Catmaria. Calmar in
Smalandia is a flrong City, and commodious Port 5 the place where
the Stvedes ufually fet Sail for Germany and Denmark^: The Cittadel
there is as highly efteemed in thefe Northern parts, as that of Miliain
in the South. Norcopia^ Norcoping^ is full of Copper-Forges, which af-
fords Cannon to moft of the Europeans. Linkoping a Biftiops See,
where Olaus Magnus was born, is remarkable for the Vidory of Charles
of Sudermania^y afterwards King of Sweden, Wadfiein feated on the
Lake Veter-Wejiermck^ as commodioufly on the Baltic}^ Sea : To thefe
we may add Borkjjolm upon the Ifland Oeland -, and fFisby upon the
liland Gothland.

Wefl-Gothland is divided into three parts-, ift, Weftrogoth^ whofe
chief places are Gatheburgum^ Gothehorg^fix Gotemhorg, where King Charles
the IXth died ; it is a New Town and Port upon the mouth of the
Wenar Lake 5 Scara is a Bilhoprick. 2dly, Valia^ whofe chief Town
is Valehorg^ a fair Town well fortified with a ftrong Caftle. 3dly, Ver-
melandia, whofe chief place is Carolfiade upon the North part of the We-
nar Lake, is noted for its abundance of Brafs. Halland, Sconen^ and
Bleking we have already treated of in Venmarkc

Sueonia^ Suecia propria, or Svpedeland^ communicates its Name to the
other Provinces of this Kingdom j which is divided into 10 parts or
Provinces, viz. Upland, in which Stochjpolm, or Holmia, is the Capital
City, accommodated with a Royal Caftle, and a Sea-Port at the

Mouthi 1

Of SwedeUnd, 6g

Mouth of the Lake Meier, which they formerly had a Defign to have
cut into the Wener-Lzke, to have joined the Baltick^^nd the Ocean toge-
ther, fo to fpoil the Paffage of the Sound. This JVener-L'Sikc is faid to
receive 24 Rivers, and disburthen it felf at one mouth with fuch noife
and fury, that it is called the VeviV s-mouth. This City is far better
furnifti'd, than it was before the War with Germany. In the Year 1 54 1.
they began to ilreighten the Streets, and build their Houfes Uniform.
The Harbour is very Secure, fo that a Ship may ride there without an
Anchor 5 but the Tower IVaxholme on the one fide, and Vigna on the
other tide, do fo command the Entrance, that no Ships can come in,
or K,o out againft the Governour's will, who keeps Guard there. It
has three Channels, v;hich carry the VcfTels between certain Iflands
and Rock«. The King's Ships lie at Elfenape : Vpfala Vpfal, Defend-
ed by a great Cattle 5 there is the Metropolitan Church , where the
Kings are ufually Crowned , and where formerly they kept their -
Courts. The City is adorned with an Univerfity, and the moft Re-
markable M; rts in all thofe Quarters. The Cathedral has been a
Stately Building, as they fay, hn'd, or, as it were, Wainfcoted with-
in with Gold, and cove) ed with Copper. The 2d Province is Snder'
mania , whofe chief Town is Nicoping , a Maritine Town of good
Strength, and Strengms a Bifliop's See. 3d is Nericia, whofe Chief
Town is Orebro. 4th is Wejhnania , Chief Town is Arofia, now IVe-
(ieruf h rich in Silver Mines. 5th, Gefirida, Chief Town is Gevalia.
6th, Dalecarlia, Chief Town is I^m towards Nbra?^?);. 7th, Helfmgia,
Chid Town Hi{dnpk\srvald^ Seated on the Sinus Bothnicm. 8th, Me-
delpadia, Q\)id Town Selangar. pth, Jempiia, whofe Chief Town is
Aas, lOth, Angermania, Chief Town is Hemo/rfn^ on the Gulf.

Bothnia is twofold, viz. l. Occidentalism 2dly, Cajania^ or Bothnia Orien-
talisyis divided into five parts or Countries, viz. Kimiy^ornia^Lwla^Fitha
and Vma, on the North and Weft. Then Cajenberg, Oulo and Maffa
or Mujiafar on the Eaft of the Bothnian Gulf 5 in the midft of whofe
Entrance lieth a great number of lilands, the chief of which is Alandia^

Laponia Suecica^ or Lapland^ which belongs to the King of Srveden^
has only certain Habitations that bear the Names of their Rivers. The
Laponers are very fmall, the talleft not being above four foot high; ne-
verthelefs, formerly Six hundred of them put to the Rout above an
Hundred thoufand Mofcovites that came to Invade them. They wear
no other Habit but Skins i and when they are Young, they fo inure
themfelves to the Cold, that afterwards they cafily endure it, without
any Clothes. They have neither Woollen nor Linnen ; only they
have pieces of Copper, which they call ChipponSy which they exchange

JO Of Swede la^d,

for Neceflaries. They have neither Bread, nor Corn, nor Fruit, nor
Herbs, nor Wine, nor Cattel, nor Butter, nor Eggs, nor Milk, nor
other Supports of life. But they have no want of Water : And they
have a kind of Wild Deer, which are very fwift, the Flefn whereof"
they live upon. There is a fecond part of Laponia in Denmarh^^ and a
third in Mtifcovy. The Mount Enarahi has three Apartments of Lodg-
ing for the Deputies of the three Nations.

Finnonhfeu Finnia, Finland is a Dutchy, which fome Kings of Stvedc
land were wont to Affign for their Brother's Portion. It is divided in-
to fix parts or Divifions, ift, Savolax, whofe chief places are Ny/Ijt and
Kexholm^ taken by Pontus de laGarde^ upon the Lake Ladoga. 2dly, Ta-
vafha, whofe chief places zxc'tavailius ^ or Cronebnrg. ^dly, Northr
Findland^ whofe chief place is Biornborgh. 4th, South-Findlantd, Chief
Town is /bo^ a Biftiop's See, at the mouth of the River Aimjo}^.
5th, Ntland^ whofe chief place is Borgo ., a place of good Strength.
6i\\^Carelia,vi\\Qk chief place is iryborgh^ox Viburgh^z chargeable For trefs.

Ingria^ vulgo Ingerland^ by the Rufians^ Ifera, was^faken from the
Mufcovitei by a Treaty in the Year i6ij. It is but Imall, but confi-
derable for the Chace of Elkes, and for the Scituation of the ftrong
Fort oi Noteburg^ in the midrt of a great River at the Mouth of the
Lake Ladoga. Caraldorod by the Ru^es, This Garifon was taken by
the Sppedesj all the Soldiers within being dellroyed by a Diftemper
that took them in the mouth, and hindred them from eating. Other
places are Irvanogorod and Coporia.

The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden^ are by Ortelius called the
VoffriniMontes ^SevoMontes oi?lin.zcco\xr\tQ,^ 3 00 miles in length,andnovv
in various places have diversNameSjnot much material here to mention.

The Commodities of this Country are Copper^ Lead, Brafs and Iron,
Ox-Hides, Goats and Bitck^sk/ns, "Tallow, Furs, Honey, Allom and Corn.

The Inhabitants naturally ftrong, adive and ftout Soldiers ; indu-
ftrious, laborious, ingenious and courteous to Strangers. The Wo-
men difcreet and mod eft.

The Chriftian Faith was Hrft planted here by Auflgarius Archbifhop
of Bremen^ the general Apoftle of the North.

The Forces o( S^i den are very powerful, behig able to put to Sea
more than 100 Sail of Ships, and hito the Field forty or hfty thou-
fand of Horfe and Foot.

And for deciding of Controverfies, &c. every Territory hath its
Vifcount, every Province its Lamen, every Parifh its LanM-man , or
Conful ; and there lieth an Appeal from the Conful to the Lay-men,
and from the Lay-men to the Vifcount, and from the Vifcount to the
King, who alone decideth the fame. Tc/fe Sanfon. Livonia^

Of Swede land* 7 1

Livonia^ Germ, or Lijlandt, is divided into two parts, viz, Eftboniat
©r Eften on the North, and Litlandia^ Leithland, or Letten on the
South, was entirely Surrendred hy the Pol under ^ except Vmemberg :
Formerly the Order of Carry-Stvord Knights refided there ■-, but in the
time oi Gregory the Ninth, that Order was united to the teutonic}^ Af-
terwards the Polanders and Mufcovites enjoyed it. Kiga is the Capital
City of Livonia : The Germans^ Englifh and Hjllanders there drive a
great Trade in the Summer, while the Sea is open : In the Win-
ter the Natives Trade into Uufcovy upon their Sledges. It (lands upon
a Plain, u^on the River Vuna, which in that place is about a quarter
of a League over. The Fortifications thereof confift of Six Regular
Bartions, feveral Half- moons, and Pallifadu'd Counter fcarps.

In the Year 1655. an Army of an hundred thoufand Mufcovites
came to catch cold before this City, which valiantly repulfed them.
Pernavia^Pernarv is a well fortified place : And Verpt, in Latin Tupatum,
feituate on the Beck,'^ taken by J. BaftUus the Great Duke of Mufcovy,
as was al(b Felin^ a ftrong Town. Vmaboug, an Impregnable For-
trefs, eight miles from Kiga ^ well Garifoned by the Voles. Kevelia
Revels direds the Trade from Livonia into Mufcovy : 'Tis a Bilhop's
See, and a well Traded.Port. Nerva is a ftrong place, from whence
the Neighbouring River derives its Name, where the Brave Pontm de
la Gardu was Drown'd. By the laft Treaties between the Crowns of
Sweden and Poland, the Exercife of the P/oteftant as well as the Ca-.
tholick Religion is permitted in Livonia^ as alfo in Curland and PruJJia.

The Ifland of Gothland is the biggeft in the Baltick^Sea, for therein
there are five or fix Ports belonging to the Stvede: In feveral of the
Rocks there ftill remain the Ancient Go?^/ci^Charaders. And the City
of IFisby ftill preferves certain pieces of Marble, and Houfes that have
Gates of Iron or Brafs, Gilded or Silver'd over, which teftify the great
Antiquity of the place. This City tirft Ellablifhed the Law for Navi-
gation in the Baltick, and began the Sea-cards. Other Iflands are
Dagho and Oefel upon the Coaft of Livonia, belonging to the Swedes,

The chief Rivers in all this Trad are i. Mekr^ 2. Velacarle, 3. Anger-
mania, 4. Vma, 5. Lula, & 6. torna. The principal Lakes arc Lado--
ga, or Ladeskp Ozero.

Meier takes its Coaft from Weft to Eaft j the Wener frona Eaft to
Weft 5 the Veter from North to South, through the River Motala,

Archbiftiopricks 3. Bifliopricks 15. Univerfities 2.

a Gulphs, I. Sinus Bothnim, Bothnzee, IncolisGolfe deBoddesGal'
lis. 2. Sujus Finnicus Finnichzee Incolls Golfe, de Finnes Gallis.

MOSCOVIA & MOSCHOVIA, ot KV S S I A ALB A
RVSSIA MAGNA Lat. LA. RVSSIE BLANCHE
Gal. RVSLANVr Ger. MO S KARA by the Poles ; by the
Turl^s RVSS.

MOSCO
VIE

RV5SIE

MVSCOVT is properly but the name of a Province fo called,
of which MofcoTP is the chief City, which hath comrriunicated
its Name to all the Provinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar,

Of Mufcovy, &c, 71

or 'tzaf. This Country is a part of the European Sarmatia^ or Scythia »
called alfo Kufia Alha^ or the Great Ruffia^ whofe ancient Inhabitants
were the Rhuteni^ or the Koxolani of Ptol, the Rr]/?, of Cedren. The
Baflern£ Tacit. te(ie Willich. From thence fome think it called Kujfiky
others tell us Miscalled ^«j7?j from the colour of the Snow which co-
lours the Fields for almoft three Quarters of a year. 'Tis the vafleft
Country in Europe : A Territory fo large, that were it Peopled anfwe-
rable to fome other parts of the World, would either make it too great
for one Prince, or that Prince too powerful for his Neighbours ; But
the Eaftern parts thereof are vexed with the Afiatk^lartars., who, like
Mfop*s Do^^ will neither dwell there, nor fuffer the Mifcoiitcs. The
I Weftern parts almoft as much harafled by the Swedes and Foles : The
Sduthern by the TttrJ^ and Eurcpe:m Tartars; and the Northern pinch-
ed by the coldncfs of the Air : This excefs of cold in the Air was fo
vehement, that in the Year 1598. of 70000 Turks that made an In-
rodeinto Mufcovy^ 400CO were frozen to death ; and water thrown
; up into the Air, will turn to Ice before it falls to the Ground : Nor is
it an extraordinary thing for the Inhabitants to have their Nofes, Ears
and Feet frozen offs fuch is their Winter. Nor is their Summer lefs
miraculous ; for the heaps of frozen Snow, which covered the Surface
of the Country, at the firft approach of the Sun, are fuddenly diflbl-
ved,the Waters dried up,the Earth drelTed in her gaudy Apparel j fuch
a mature growth of Fruits, fuch flourifhing of Herbs, fuch chirping
of Birds, as if there were a perpetual Spring: And though they Sow
but in Jme^ yet the Heats of July and Auguji ftrangely quicken their
Harveft.
; The whole Country generally is overfpread with Woods and Lah^s :
1 and is in a manner a continual Foreft, irrigated by fever al Lakes and
[ Rivers. Here grow the goodlieft and talleft iVfc/ in the World, afford-
ing flielter to multitudes of Cattel and IFild Beajis^ whofe Skins are
better than their Bodies-, and here is the inexhauftible Fountain of /ir(2:)c
and Honey^ as likewife all kinds of Fon>ly and fmall Birds in great plen-
ty ; moft forts of F#, excellent Fruits and Roots : cfpecially Onions
and Garlick : Here is the Corn of Rhezm and Volodomira^ the Hides
and Leather of Jerouflau^ the Wax and Honey of FUfov:;^ the Tallow
oflVblogda^ the Oyl and Cavayer about Folga^ the Linnen and Hemp
L-of great Novogrodt^ the Pitch and Rofin o^V^ivinez, the Salt oi Ajira-
can and Roftof^ the Ermins and Sables, and black Foxes Furs of Sibe-
ria^ where the Hunters have the Art to hit only the Nofe^of the Beajts,
preferving their Skins whole and clean.

L The

74 ^/ Mufcovy, Sec.

The Mufcovites are naturally ingenious enough, yet not addided to
Arts ox Sciences', ibey do not trouble themfelves with the height of
the Heavens, or the magnitude of the Earth ■-, they amufe not them-
Telves with Syllogirms, nor wrangle whether Logick be an Art or
Science. And the plainnefs and paucity of their Laws makes Attornies
and Sollicitors as ufelefs there as Philofophers. Nor are they much
addided to Traffick and Husbandry, being naturally lazy, it mull: be
force or neceliity that compels them to labour, Drunkennefs is very
familiar with ihem , and Aqua-vita or Tobacco, like the Liquor of
Circe, turns them into Swine. They are great Lyars, treacherous, craf-
ty, malicious and revengeful, quarrelfome, though the heighth of their
fury is fucking i their Houfes mean and ill-furni(hed, their Lodging is
hard, and their Diet homely; born to flavery, and brought up in
hardfliip.

They are for the moft part fat and corpulent, ftrong of Body, and
of good proportion, only great Bellies, and great Beards are in fa(hion ;
and the Women, though indifferent handfome, yet make ufe of Paint.
They are much retired , and feldom in publick ; very refpedful to
their Husbands , who look upon them as a necefTary evil, beat them
often, and treat them as Slaves.

They only teach their Children to write and read ; which fufEces
them, though they prefume to be Dodlors. They take for their Sir-
name, the proper name of their Father. They write upon Rolls of
Paper, cut into long fcrowles, and glu'd (for 25 or 30 Ells) toge-
ther ; They wear long R.obes, under which they have clofe Coats
down to their knees, but they tye their Girdles under their Bellies ;
they make their Collations with fpic'd Bread, Aqua-vit£, and Hydra-
mel, that is. Water and Honey mixt.

There are two things remarkable amongft the Mnfcovites j one is,
That they begin the day at the riling of the Sun, and end k at the
Sun-fetting, fo that their Night begins at the Sun's-fetting, and ends
at its riling. The other is. They begin their year the firft day of
September, allowing no other Epocha than from the Creation of the
World, which they think to be in Autumn , and they reckon 5508
years from the Creation of the World to the Nativity of our Saviour,
whereas moft of our Chronologers account but 3p<5p.

As for their Armies, they generally confift of a i coooo or 2 ocooo,
but then you murt count the Beails. Botis Frederowitz, Grand Duke of
Mofcovy-, toward the beginning of this Age, appeared with an Army
of 300C00 Men. Ahxis Michaelorpitz after the defeat of Stephen Rad^
zin^ had an Army no lefs numerous, when the difpute was about Hop-
ping

Of Mufcovy^ S{C. 7^

ping the Tur}^ progrefs into Poland. Infanfry is better efteemcc] by
them than Cavalry^ being more able to (wQizm a Siege, and patiently
to endure all in:iaginable hardships, rather than yield ; as they did in
our times at the Caiile of Vtlna^ and \n the Fortrefs of Notchottrg. As
to the forming a Siege, the Mufanites underftand little, as they made
appear before Smolaukj 1^33. before Riga 1655. and before Jzac
1673, Their Forts are generally of Wood or Earth, upon the wind-
ings of Pavers^ or elfe in Lakes. The chiefeft ftrength of the King-
dom conliils in Foreign Forces, to whom they give good allowances
in time of War. The Prince bears the Title of Grand Vuke^ he boaits
himlelf defcended from Jugujius ^ and friles himfelf GrjWdj^ Cz^r, or
7'zaar, that is to fay, C£zar. The habits v^hich he is faid to wear,
make him look like a Pricjl : they that treat with his AmbafTadors
have the greateft trouble in the World to give him his Tides, becaufe
of their fo extraordinary preienfions. In the Year r<^54. to the end
he might make War in Poland^ and uphold the Cojfach^ ; the Great Vu}^.
pretended, thatfomeof the Polijh Lords had not given him his due Ti-
tles 5 and that they had printed Books in Poland in derogation of his Ho-
nour. One of his Predeceffors was fo cruel, that he caus'd the Hat
of a French AmbalTadour to be nailed to his head, becaufe he relus'd
to be uncovered in his prefence. He commands abfolutely, and the
Mtifcovites call themielves his Slaves ; and he calls them in contempt
by a diminutive name, Jammot Pierrot, His Will is a Law to his Sub-
jeds, who hold it for an undeniable truth, That the Will of God, and
the Great Vitks-, are immutable. His Treafure is very large, for he
heaps up all the Gold and Silver he can lay his hands on, in his Ca-
files ofViolikzenSind Vologda^ and never makes his Prcfents or his Pay-
ments but in Skins, or in Fijh^ or elfe in fome few Hides, or Pieces of
Cloth of Gold. Thus liveth and reigneth this Kttfian Monarch, in
the reputation of his own Subjeds, one of the greatefi Sharers in the
adventure of the World's Happinefs,

The Fveligion of the Mnfcovites differs little from that of the Greeks :
For they follow their Faith, their Rites, and their Ceremonies. The
principal part of their Devotions, after rbey are baptized, conlifts in
the Invocation of their Saints, for every Houfe hith its Saint Pidured,
and hung up againft the wall with a fmall Wax- candle before it,
which they light when they fay their Prayers. The Pidfures of the
Virgin M.try^ and of St. NichoLis their Patron, are in great veneration
amongft them. And the fign of the Crofs is the ordinary Preface to
all their Civil Adlions. On Sundays and their Ftl^ival Days, they go
three times to Church, Morning, Noon, and Evemng, andareftand-

L 2 ing,

76 Of Mufcovy^ &c.

ing, and uncovered at the time of Divine Service. Befides their Or-
dinary Fafts on Wednefdays, Fridays, and the Eves before Holidays,
they have four Lents every year, during which they eat neither Butter,
Eggs, nor Milk, only the hrft week of their chief Lent ferves them as
a Carnaval \ but after this the moft ftridt of them eat no Fi(h but on
Sundays, and drink nothing but Qjiaz or fair water.

They commonly take the Communion on a Fafting-day, at Noon-
fervicc ; and if any one receives it on a Sunday, he muR not eat Flefti
that day. "Tis adminiflr^d in both kinds with Leavened Bread, and
Wine mingled with warm water. They believe noTranfubthntiati-
on, nor rei^ki-n no Adultery but marrying another man's Wife. They
have many Wives, allow of Divorcement, and yet ufe the deceitful by
ways of F'ilihinefs and Tncontinency. It is a dangerous matter ta
tranfgrefs the Law of Wedlock, and the Woman is terribly over-
watched, is fufpicioufly reftraincd frcm walking abroad. They be-
lieve no Purgatory, but hold two didindf places where the Sou^s re-
main that are feparated from the Bodies. Yet allow Prayers for the
Dead. They hold Baptifm of great Importance. And admit Chil-
dren of feven years old to come to the ^ acrament. All their Images
are in flat Painting. They never fealt but upon the Annunciation of
the Virgn. They have a Patriarch at M/co, the chief of their Religion.
Three Archhijhops or Metropolitans at Rofthou^ at Sufdal^ and at Grand
Novogrode •. Biftiops at Wologda^ at Refan , at Sufdal^ at 1n>er, at 7o-
bolesha^ at Ajhacan^zt Cafan^ at Plefcou, at Colomna'^ and almoft in all
the Provinces of the Great Duke, being all chofen out of the body of
their Monks. They have this good quality, that they force no man's
Confciencci they hate the Roman-Catholics for the Exorbitances com-
mitted by them, when ihtVolanders became Maiiers oi Mofco, in the
Year i6ii. But there are like wife fome Idolaters oi them toward
the North.

The Rivers of Mufcovy are i/?, Volga, the Rhe oiPtol. Edd. Tartaris,
Thamar Armenis, the greateft River in Europe, throws it felf into the
Cafpian Sea, after it has roull'd above feven hundred Leagues. The
Vuvine, after it has run by the Cities of moft Trade in Mufcovy, by
lix months, empties it felf into the Gulf of St.NichoLts, which is called
the IVhite Sea, becaufe of the Snow that environs it.

The Donn, Tanais Strab. Plin^ Mela, & alis, which feparates Europe
from Jfta, begins not above a hundred Leagues from the place v/here
it ends, and yet it winds above fix hundred miles , hrft towards the
Ea/?, and then towards theVFeft-, formerly a conjundtion of thefe three
Rivers was defigned, to the end the principal Seas of our Continent

might.;

Of Mtifcovy^ &C. 77

might have participated one with another, to facilitate the Trade o^
the Octan , Mediterraneafi, and Cafpian , but the contrivance fail'd.
There are few good Cities in thefe parts j none, or very few, being
pav'd, and thofe that be, are pav'd with Wood^ very JFew Fortified
or Waird, but have tillM Land between the Streets. The Houfes are
low, and made of Vv'ood and Lome 5 a man may go to Market and
buy one of thefe Houfes ready built, and fo to be carried away 5 great
fires happen oft'times, by reafonboth of their Timber buildings, and
for that the combuftible matter iseafily feton fire by the great quanti-
fy of Tapers which they light before their Images, and which the
Mafcovites^ who are very apt to be drunk, take no care to put out.

The Ertates of Af^/cc/t'^ comprehend 3 Kingdoms, about 30 Dutchies
or Provinces, and about 20 People or Nations, who live by Herds or
Communities y a Countrey not fo Populous as Spacious, nor much
frequented by Grangers 5 and therefore I cannot give a certain ac-
count of its Provinces and Nations, much lefs of their Bounds^ Lengthy
and Breadth, as fome Pretenders to Geography have done.

Mfcha^ f.H MjfcHj, or Mfcorv^ which is the Capital City, and
the Reiiderce of the Grand I)Hkc, fcems rather to be a huge heap of
Himkts^ th'?.n a good City. It had above 40000 Houfes, butnov/
there are far lefs, fince it has been fo often plundered by the LiJferTar-
tars^znd the Poles ; in Jnno 1571. the 'Tartars fired it : And efpecially
iince the laft fire that happened there, i(558. It hath three Walls, one
of Brick, another of Stone, a third of Wood, feparating the four
Quarters of the Town. The greatdl Ornament of the City are the
Churches, of which St. Michad\ is the chief, in which the Tombs
of the 'Tzdrs are placed-, the Steeples of the Churches are covered
wirh Copper, whofe glittering feems to redouble the brightnefs of
the Sun.

The Tzjrs Cjaix\t^ called Kremdmagrod^ is about two miles in Cir-
cumference, and contains two fair Palaces, one of Stone, and the
other of Wood, built after the Itrf/o« falhion ; befides the Imperial
C''urt, there are feveral other fpacious Palaces for the Bojors or No-
bility ; as alfo for Priefts, amongft which that of the Patriarch is
the moft Magnificent ; and over-againft the Czars Palace is a fair
Church, built after the Model of the Temple of Jerufalem , from
whence it is fo called j near to which is the great Market for all
Wares and Merchandizes. Volodimere^ the Refidenceof the Prince be-
fore Mdfco was, lies in the moft fertile part of all Mufcovy^ defended
by a Caftle. The Rivers of Mufco and Occa are thole whereby the
Merchants convey, their Goods by Water, to the Volga, Little Novo^

grade

yS Of Mufcovy^ Sec,

grade is the laft Village in Europe, towards the Eail: ; Pleskott is well
Forfihed, as being the Bulwark againft the Poles and Srvedes. Novo-
grode the Great^ his been one of the four Magazines of the Hans Toxpns^
and a Town fo Rich and Potent, that the Inhabitants were wont to
fay^ Who can wiibjiand Gody and great Novogorod ? But in the year 1577,
the Great Duke Ivan Vafilorpitz took it , and carried away , ( as 'tis
reported ) a hundred Wagons laden with Gold and Silver ^ yet it is
Itill a Town of great Trader in the year i5ii, it was taken by the
Swedijh General Pomus dela Gardie-^ and in the year 1^13, redelivered
to the ^zxr of Mufcovy upon the Articles of Peace. Pksh^u is the only
VVall:d City. Smolensho is a place of great ftrength. Petzwa is fenced
with Mountains. Woroihi is defended with a Cattle. Archangel is the
Staple of all Mufcovy^ by reafon of its Hiven : The Duties paid at
coming in, and going out, an[iount to above iiK hundred thoufand
Crowns a year. The Englifh were the hrft that began to fend their
Ships thither 5 fince, they have been followed by other Nations of
Europe. Formerly the Trade of Mufcovy was driven by palling through
the Sound, and putting in at Nerva ; but the great Impolitions put
upon the Merchandizes, by the Princes through whofe Countries
they were to pafs, made them forfake that place. Rezm was the
place that held out wh:n thztartars had taken Mfcorv ; the Gover-
nour whereof, when he had got the Original of the Articles of the
Treaty Signed by the Grand Czir, from the Tartarian General, refu-
fed to furrender the Town, or deliver back the fchedule ; which was
the occalion of the tartars overthrow, and the recovery of Mofcovy^
and the taking of Cafan, Ajlracan, &c. St. Nicholas alfo drives a great
Trade at the entry of the Vuvine. Thefe are the only places that be-
long to the Gr^zw^ r>^'^% upon the Ocean, "troitzt r\Qd,t Mjfcorv^ is the
maft beautiful Convent in z\\ Mafcovia, whither the Grand Tzars do
ufually go in Pilgrimage twice every year. CoUmgorodis renowned for
the Fairs that are kept there in Winter time : The Duvine bears great
VefTels to that place fo called. Ou'houg is in the middle of the Coun-
irey ;. where it drives a good Trade, as being Seared in a place where
two Rivers meet. Bsiides, the White Sea is full of Shoals and Rocks
at the entry into it, and then the Snows m-ltin^, and the Torrents
fwelling in the Spring time, carry the Water with fucb an impetuoli-
ty, that Ships can hardly get in ; however there is great l^ore of Sal-
mon caught therj. Kda and Petz'mJ^t in Lapland receive Trading Vef-
iels. Taper, Pmnie, Kefchowa, Bkl'i^t, Jiroflj-w, Rolihjsv, Sujdal, Bie-
tejezero^ Vjihga^ &c. bear the fam: name with their Provinces.

of Mufeovy, &c- 79

As for the Ccnqucfls of the Great Duke In APinu\7aYtary^ the
principal places are Jftracan and Cafifj, which be^r the Title ot King-
doms, belides Z.iw/i?^, 2nd Nagaia. C^yiw is a great City, with Walls
and Towers of Wood, feated upon a Hill. 'Tis lahabircd by F.ujp.afis
■and Tartars^ but the Citad:l is Wailed with Stone, and kept only by
Kujfrans ; Ajhacan was formerly the Seat of the Nag^ydn Tartars, it lies
at the mouth of the River Volga, in the Ifland t).lgny-> 50 Dutch
Leagues from ihcCafpian Sea 5 'tis environed with afirongStot:e-wall,
upon which are feated 500 Brafs Cannon, befides a ttrong Garifon.
Its many Tpwers and lofty Piles of Buildings, makes a noble ProfpecS".
^Tisa place of great Traffick, efpecially for Silk. In this Countrey
grows the Plant Zoophyte^ that refembles a Lamb, it devours all the
Herbs round about the Root ; and if it be cut, it yields a liquor as red
as blood : the Wolves devour it as greedily, as if it were Mutton. Lo-
comoria towards the Obi^ is inhabited by People, who, they fay, are Fro-
zen up fix months in the year, becaufe they live in Tents environ'd
with Snow, and never itir forth till it be melted. They are broad fa-
ced, with little eyes, their Heads on one fide, and bigger than the
proportion of their Bodies requires 3 (hortLegs, and Feet extremely
big. Thus they appear clad in Skins, with a piece of wood in/lead of
Shoes, thefe Skins they wear in the Winter , with the hairy fide in-
ward ; in Summer, with the hair outward ; to few them, theyinake
ufe of the fmall bones of Fi(h, and the Nerves of Beaib inftead of
Needles and Thread ; they are the heft u4rchirs in the world. The
Fingoefes exprefs their thoughts better by their throats than by their
tongue?. Thefe Countries go all under the Name oi Si heriay a Province
which affords the fairefi: and the richeft Fi^rrs, and whither the Lords
in difgrace are banifti'd. The River Fefida bounds it^ for no man
dares go beyond it, thoHorfes and feveral other things have been feen,
which make us believe that it is as confideiable as Cathay^ which can=
not be far from it.

Here is one Patriarch, four Archbifhopricks, eighteen Bifhops, and ^
no Univerfity.

This Countrey hath many Lakes, viz^ Ladoga^ Onega ^ Biela Ofera,
Kefanskoy-Ofera^ Sec. Imanovc-Ofera^ the Source of the River Po//. .

The moft Renowned Foreft is that of Fpiphanovt?. Its Mountains
arethofeof Camempoii^ or Stolp, that is, the Pillars of the World be°
tvveenihe Ifuvine and the Oby^ (aid to be the Ancient B^iphean Moun-.
tains.

Gil

Volonia^ Hifpanis^ & Italis. La Pologne^ CaHis. Poland, Anglis. Tolojk^y
Polis. Die Volen. Germanis.

POLO NIA, or Poland, which was formerly but a part of Sar-
matia, is now a Kingdom of as large extent as any in iLurope.^ It
is an aggregate Body, confifting of many diftind: Provinces, United
into one Eftate, of whieh Poland being the Chief, hath given Name to

the

Of Poland. 81

the reft. It is 800 miles in length, and the breadth comprehending Li'
vonia^ is almoft as much.

According to the Toltjh and 'Bohemian Hiftorians, they were, with the
B^kwww/, originally Cro<j»i^n/,defcended from the S'c/^T/€/,and brought
into thefe parts by Zechus and Lechm^ two Brethren baniftied out of
their own Councrey. But this is refuted by Cromems. The more
general opinion is, that they were Sarmatians^ who upon the depar-
ture of the German Nation towards the Koman Frontiers, flock'd hi-
ther, and byreafon of their common Languige^ or mixture with the
Sclaves of IHyricum^ thus accounted j and being united in the common
Name of Sclaves^ fetlcd in that part which we now call Voland-^ the
Eftate hereof being much improved by the Conqueft of many Sarma-
tian Counties. But whether Zechm and Lechus^ the Founders of the
two Nations, by all Hiftorians, were Strangers or Native Inhabitants,
is uncertain, fince all ancient Hiftory is filent herein. The time when
thefe (hould arrive here, according to Hiftorian reports, was Anno
64P, under Lec|«j, a time indeed near unto the general flittingsof
the Barbarous and Northern Nations, and therefore the more proba-
ble. Poland has for many ages been a diftindt Sovereignty. The firft
that was Eledive, was Piajius, ( after the failure of the former LineJ
a plain Countrey-man, eledled Duke oi Poland^ An. 800. In Anno 96^^
they received the Gofpel j An. 1001, they had the Title of King con-
ferred upon them by Otho the Emperor. Anno 1320, Sikfia fell from

i Poland to Bohemia^ and could never be recovered, ^nno 1385, they
made the Great Duke of Lithmnia^ by Marriage into their King's
Family, King ; and fo joined that Great Dukedom to Poland. Anno
1455, Capjnir adds Prufta^ and I5<^i, Livonia. Anno 1575, the
Royal Family being extind , they chofe the Duke of Anjou^ Brother

'to Cbaries the ptb. King of France, but he quickly left it for the
Crown of France, Anno I'yjp. they chofe Bathor, Prince of Tranfilva-
nia \ he dying without Iffue, they chofe Sigifmmd^ the King oiSwedeh
Son, about the year i5po, who turning Papift , and by the Jefuits
Perfuafions endeavouring, to alter Religion in Srvedeland^ was ejeded,
and lollng his Patrimonial Kingdom, only keeps Poland: Hence thofe
lafting Wars between the two Nations. To him fucceeded Vladi/Iaui,
famous for the memorable V dory againft the Mafcovites^ befieging
Smoknsh^)^ Anno i6^i\.. King Cafimir fucceeded id>48. in whofetime
the Kingdoms became extremely imbroiled by Fadions, efpecially by
the mutinous and fed itiousCoffacks, and Confederate Nobles, under
Lubomirsky^ and Foieign Enemies; fo that weary of his Crown, he
laid it down, not obtaining leave to nominate his Sacceflbr. After

M long

82 Of Poland,

long Contentions they chofe Michael Wkfnowhhi i66p. The prefent
King is John Sobiehki , renowned for the Relief of Vienna, His
Revenue is computed to be doocoo Crowns /^er Annum^ ariling from
Salt-^ and T/w, and Silver Mines : His Houlhold Expences, and Daugh-
ters Portions, being at the Publick Charge. Nor do the Wars at any
time exhaufi: his Treafure. Poland is very Fertile in Rye^ Wax and
Honey. Other Commodities are, Flax^ Ma(is, Cordage^ Boards^ Wain-
fcots, Itimber-, Rofm^ Tar^ Titcb^ Maich^ Iron, Vot-Afhes, and Brimjione.
It is well furnilhed with Flejhf Forpl and Fijh ; Rich in Furrs , the
fairei^ of which are brought thither out of Mufcovy. Near Cracovia,
or Crakou, they dig Salt out of the Famous Salt-Pits that make a kind
of City under ground , and yield a great Revenue. They boyl it in
'R.uffra, but in Podolia the Sun makes it. They have the Conveniency
both of the B/^cJlj and Baltich^Seass but are not addidled to Traffick,
neither are they well provided with Ships. The Rivers, called the
Vifiula , & Viliilliis Plin. Iftula PioL Vifula Mela. Bifula jimtn. Vulgo
IFixel vel Weixel. WeiJJ'el Incolis. Vifiule Gal. Vifiula Ital. The Niemen,
the Cbronu: of Ptol. Memel Ger. Niemen Sclavis , teji. Cromero & Decio,
But by Rithaymer and Erafmus Pergel. And the Dmna, or Vzrvina.^ the
Rubo of Ptoh Vma, empty themfelves into the Baltic}^ The Bory-
fihenes, Ari^, &c. Naparis Herod. Dnieper Decio. Brifna Leunel. Berefina
Pacer &^berlienio Dnefier & Nefter Cromero. Nicpcr Mcr. Cluvcr Brief.
The Bogg, Hypanis Arijh Herod. Plin. &c. And the Niefier. the Tyrof
of Herod. Ptol. Tyra of Strab. & Plin. now the M/?er, or Niefter, Tejie
Cromer & Eberjiin. Thefe empty themfelves into the Blacky Sea. The
Vijiida runs by very fair Cities, but the mo'dihs o{ Boryjlhenes are under
the Jurifdidion of the turkj, who in the Year i6j2. took the Vk^aine
into his Protedion, having fubdued all Podolia, after the Surrender of
the Fortrcfs Kamienie\. This Kingdom is Elecftive, being the only
place in Europe where the People at this day freely retain and pradiife
the Privilege to Elcd their King 5 yet the next of the Blood-royal
commonly iuccecds.

The Goveriiment is an Ariftocratical Monarchy, where the Sena-
tors have fo much Authority, that when we name dit Qaiiity ■f the
State, we may call it the Kingdom and Commonwealth of FAand.
The Smate is compofed of ArchblfJjjpj , Bijhops , Palatines , Principal
Cafhllains, and Great OJp.cers of the Kingdom. The Prince, line the
King of Bees, or a Royal Shadow , cannot Ad: agaiilft his Nobles,
without the Confent of the Senators : Yet his Dignity is fo far con-
fidered, that never any one attempted againft the Life of any of his
PredecefTois. Their Kings were more anciently Free and Soveraign :,

but

Of P eland, Zi

but by the common calamity of Elcdive States, now bereft of Ptoyal
Right and Prerogatives, having hmited power, governing according
to the ftrid Laws and Dircdions of the Co/wd/ and P/ef, who lolely
have full liberty to confult of, and determine the main Affairs of the
Kingdom; Thefe are of two iorts, i. The Senate afore faid : 2. The
General Diets, which are compofed of the Orders aforefaid,of the Se-
nate or Council, and of the Delegates of each Province, and chiefer
City, fent in the name of the reft of the Nobility. Thefe are for the
more high and important bufinefs of Republick Kingdoms, not de-
terminable by the Senate.

fVarfaw^ or Varfovia^ is ufually the place of Eledion 5 and Crah^w^
or Cracovia^ that of the Coronation. The Archbifhop oiGmfna^ Pri-
mate of the Kingdom, Crowns the King, and has almoft all the Au-
thority during the Interregnum ; for then he prefides in the Senate, and
gives Audience to Emhaffadors. He alfo contefts with the Cardials
for precedency j and therefore there are few in Poland. His Fuevenue
is above 1 50000 Livres a year. The Kingdom has thrc e Orders ; the
Churchy the Nobility ^ and the 'third Eftatt ^ which comprehends all
thofe which are not of the Nobily.

Though all forts of Religions are here to be found, yet the Roman
Catholickjs mod predominant j therefore the Clergy arc next in Supe-
riority to the Kingi and then the Palatines and Cajielianis. Wi'ittcn fixed
Laws they have but a few, if any ; Cuftom and Temporary Edidfs be-
ing the Rule both of their Government and Obedience.

The Polanders wear long Garments, (have their Hair upon the Chin,
and leave only one tuft oi Hair upon their Heads , in remembrance of
Caftmer the Firft, whom they fetched out of a Monaliery to be their
King. They are generally handfome, tall, well proportioned j
good Soldiers, and fpeak the Latin Tongue very fluently. The Gen-
try are more Prodigal than Liberal; Coftly in their Apparel, Delici-
ous in their Diet 5 very free and liberal; but the Peafants no better
than Slaves. The Abfolute Power they pretend to, and ill Ufages of
the Nobles towards the Commonalty, and Feuds one with another,
was certainly the caufe of the Revolt of the Cojfacks^ and produced all
the Diforders in the Kingdom, Their C^^t'i^/r)' is very conliderjble; in-
fomuch, that if they were but united^ they might be able to bring in-
to the Field above an 1 00000 Horfe. The Contidence they have
therein, and their Fear to render a Knight or a Burgher too Potent, has
made them negled fortifying their Towns. Their Horfes are of a
middle fize, but quick and lively -, pompoufly harneffed in Silk, Gold,
Silver, and Precious Stones. Their Weapons are generally a Scywi-

M 2 tar^

8^4 Of Poland.

tar, Svmrd^ Battel-j^x^ Carhim-, Bows and Arrows, The Cojfac]^ had
always a peculiar Difcipline m War , though they were the fame Na-
tion. At firft, they were Voluntiers that madelncurfions upon the
T^rj^and Tartars. King Bathors reduced them into a Body, and joined
to them two thoufand Horfe, to whom he afligned the fourth part of
his Revenue. Their Habitations are in the lower parts of Volhinia
and Fodolia, which they call the Ukraine j which Country is the beft
peopled, and the molt Fertile in all Poland. There are o ther Co/pc/^/
that live in the Iflands of the Boryjihenes^ which is not Navigable, by
reafon of the Falls, which they call Porotvis. Their Cuftom was for-
merly to put to Sea with feveral flight Veffels, and to plunder the
Territories of the Great Turl{ th^t lie upon the Black^Sea. Some years
fince, thefe People Revolted, notwithltanding the Lot which was of-
fered them of /C»^jc/;^upon the Boryjibenes^ and began the Misfortunes
of the Kingdom ; for they leagued themfelves wiih the LeiTer TartarSy
and put themfelves into the Great Turk^s Protection : Infomuch that
we may fafely fay, That the Invalion ot the Stvedes, the Hoftilities of
the Mufcovites^ the Irruption of the Tranjylvanians , the Treachery of
the Cojfacktf , the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania^
the d liferent FaCfions of the Kingdom^ the Contefts of the Neighbouring
Nations, gave a cruel Blow to this Crown, and were the caufes that
moved the Great Turk to make war upon them.

Po/W contains Ten great Divifions 5 four to the Weft , and upon
theViliula: Poland^ Mazovia-, Cujavia, and Pr«//?j the Royal. Six tOr
ward the Eaft 5 and to the Weft of Boryjihenes , Lithuania, Samogitia^
Tolaqma^ Nigra KuJJia, Volhinia^ and Podolia. Thefe Provinces have
been gained, for the moft part, either by Arms, or Alliances. They
are divided into Palatinates^ the Palatinates into CaJiellainSf and the Car
jietlains into Captainjhips. They call the Government of places Staro-
flies. Befides thefe Provinces , there is one part of Mnfcovia , which
was yielded to the Mufcovite in the Year 16^^. after that Ladi'
Jlaus the Fourth, before he was King, had the year before valiantly
relieved Smolensho, and reduced to utmoft Extremity an Army of an
hundred thoufand Mufcovite s^'who were conftrained to ask him pardon
to fave their Lives. That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viaf-
ma, gained to Poland, Smolenskp , Novogr^deck^^ Sevierkj: CzernihoUf
and other places. The Truce for thirteen years, beginning February
ib6j, leaves the Grand Dike oiMufcovy.'wi the pofieiTion of Smolen-r
sko •-, a alfo of that p^rt of the Vl^raine, to the Ezi\ of oorylihenes, and
le- gained to the Ctov^n of Poland, Vunenhourg, Poloczk^^nd H^itepsk^.
Dttcal.Prtflfiay ox Borufta {vfhese.Hzuds Konigsberg^ 01 Mons Regius, a

Of Poland. ^

fdr City, Univerfity, and Mart) generally by our Seamen called ^lueen'
bororp, belongs to the Eledlor of Brandenburgh , who is abfolute Sove"
reign of it, independent fronn Foland, The City is fo much the bigget,
becaufe it inclofeth two others within the fanne circuit of Walls. Pi'
tavia^ Pitau^ and Munelium^ Memel ^ are two Forts upon the Sea^ of
the greateft concernment of any in that Dominion. Cttrland is a Duke-
dom, for which tiie Duke, of the Houfe of Ketler, does homage to the
Crown : His Refidence is at Mitan>^ the chief of <he Province of Semi^
gaVii In Livonia j near this City Zernesky^ the Polifh General, and L«-
bermisky the great Chancellor, vanquifhed the Stvedifh Army, and kil-
led 14000 upon the place. And Vindavo was the Seat of the great
Mafter of the Tr«to«ic^ Order.

Poland^ the be ft Peopled, is divided into Vpper ^.n^ Lon>er. The
Higher or Little Poland^ contains three Palatines, viz Crakow^ Sando-
mira and Lublin. Cracovia^ or Crack^n>^ the chief City in all Poland^
where the Kings and ^eens are Crowned, is inhabited by a great
r\\imhcto( Germans y Jews, diwd Italians, encompaffed with two ftrong
Walls of St( ne \ on the Eaft-fide is the King's Caftle, on the Weft a
Chappel, where the Kings are Interred. Upon the Confines of Sile-
fia ftands the City of Czentochorv , with the Cloyfkr of Najire-damc of
Clermont j an extraordinary ftrong place, and which the Swedes be-
iTeged iii vain twice, in the Year 16^^, and 1655. Sandomiria, or
Sendomierz, a Walled Town and Caftle upon a Hill. Lublin^ ox hub'
linum, is a Walled Town, with a ftrong Caftle environed with Waters
and Marifties Here are held three great Fairs at the Feafts of Peute-
cofl^ St. Simon and St. Jnde, and at Candlemof, and much reforted un-
to by Merchants. The Lower Poland, though leffer than the Higher^
is neverthelefs called Great Poland ; becaufe it is more a part of the
Kingdom than the other, and contains eight Palatinates, viz Pofna^
Kalifh, Ploc2^0j V.brzin, Citjavia. Rava, Lancicia 2i.nd Siradia. The Ci-
ty of Guefna there Seated, in the Palatinate of Kalijh, is very Ancient,
^nd the Seat of the hrft Kings, fo called from an Eagle's Nett, which
was found there while it was building, and which gave occafion to
the King of Poland to bear Gules^ an Eagle Argent Crown'd , Beak'd -
and Armed Or, bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the fame,
Kalifch, Califtj, is a Walled Town upon the Profna, naming the Coun-
try. The Province of Mjzcvia only has above thirty or forty thou-
fand Gentlemen, the moft ^2iXt Cnthdickf ; Warfovia, Warfavp, is the
Capital thereof, and of the whole Kingdom, in regard the General
Diets are kept there, and becaufe its Caftle is the King's Court. Czerf-
%is the Palatinate. In Ciqavia ftands the City VladiflaH^ wJiere the

Houfes

8^ Of Poland.

Hcufes are built of Brick ; and the Like Gopla, out of which came the
Rats that devoured King ?<?;>/>/. Pofania, oi Pofen, is a BKhop's See,
feated amongft Hills upon the River IFarfatv, fairly built of Stone, fub-
jed to Inundations, chief of the Palatinate. In which is alfo Miedzyr-
zecze^ a ftrongTovvn upon the Borders of Schlcfia, impregnably feated
an:iongft Waters and Marfties. Kofden , a double Walled Town a-
monglt dirty Madhes. Siradia^ Sirad ^ a Walled Town and Callle
feated upon the River Warfavp , naming the Country j fometimes a
Dukedom belonging to the fecond Sons of the Kings of Poland. Lan-
ck'ia^ Lanchz, a Walled Town with a Caftle mounted on a Rock, up-
on the River Bfura. Rava^ built all of Wood, with a Caftle naming
the Palatinate. Ploczkoind Vobrzin^ are two Palatinates on theother
fide of the N^eper. In Pm{j7a Koyal^ which belongs to the King of Po-
land, are feveral Cities, which the Knights of the TemonkkS^tdcr built :
The Lakes and the Sea-Coaft afford great ftore of Amber. Marienburgh,
MaridebHrgtim, is a ftrong Town, where Copernicus was born j a Town
of good Trade, with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vijiula. Vantzick^^
Gtdanum, one of the Capital Hans- Town, drives all the Trade of Po-
land, and has not its equal over all the Baltkk^Sea : It is a Free Town,
and is priviledged to fend Deputies to the States of the Kingdom. The
King of Poland has fome Rights there upon Entry of Goods, and up-
on the Cuftom. Thorn is efteemed next to VanizicJ^, and Culm is con-
(iderable. The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of
PrttJJia ; it is a fair City, and well frequented by Englijh Merchants.
The Generous Refolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Autho-
rity of their King againfi: the Swedes, without accepting the Neutrality,
was the prefervation of the whole Kingdom.

Lithuania is the greatcft Province of all thofe which compofe the
Eftates of the Crown of Poland. It received the Ghrirtian Religion
138^. now united to Poland 1^66. It has the Title of a Grand
Dukedom, wherein there are alfo to this day as many great Officers as
in the Kingdom of Poland. The Country is fo full of Marfhes and
Sloughs, tliat there is no travelling in Winter for the Ice. Vilna, the
Capital City, incloks fo many forts of Religions, that there is no Ci-
ty in the World v,?!KreGod is worlhipped after fo many different ways,
uniefs in Amjiirdam j a Liberty too much allowed in moft parts of
Chriifendom, h\xtraratt7nponimfdicitas. There are alfb in Lithuania
eight parts or Palatinates, viz. Breflaiv, Minfco, Mfcizian', Novegrodec}{y
Polocz\, Troki, Vdnaand JVitepsk^, as alfb the Dutchy ci Smolcnsk^T, No-
u-i(Trodc(k,y CzerniboH, with the Territories of Kohaczorv and Rzeczych
asid Sluszh^, "whofe chief places bears the fame name i other chief

places

Of Poland. 8^

places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a
Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly ; it hath no Palati-
nate , but its chief places are Rofienne , whofe Houfes are built of
Mud, and Straw-walls, tcjh Sanf. and Mednih^. ?olaqmacomm\Jiv\K2^{Q%
her Name to the Polanden, who call ihemfelves Polacks, as defcendcd
from Lechus^ their hrll: Prince. Its chief places are, Bietsko^ the ftrong
Jugufioiv , and the well fortified Jycaffin , or Tyrvck^in , where the
King's Treafure is kept. Polefu^ or the Palatine of Brefpci -. v^hofe chief
places are Pinski ^nd Oletvsh' Rttjjia Nigra has feveral Names ; fome
call it Black Rujjiay by reafon of the Woods ; others Red, becaufe of
the colour of the Earth ; and fome Meridional, becaufe of its Scicuarioii
towards the South. Leopol, or Lemberg^ an Archbidioprick , is the
Principal City, but Zjmoski the ftronger y it contains alfo the Cartel-
wicks oiChdm and Be/z, and Province c( Pof{itij, whofe chief Town
is Halicz. Volhinta claims for her Capital, Kiim^ Polmis. Kioff, Germa-
nis '-, an Ancient City, having once 300 fair Churches, but defiroyed
by the tartars ; ftill a Bifhop's See, acknowledging the Patriarch of
Mofchon>, and of the Communion of the Gree^ Church , fcated upon
the Borykbenef^ where the Cojfackf have often had their Retreats : It
was once the Seat of the Kufian Emperors. Taken and dertroyed by
the Tartars i<5i5. and faid to be taken by the turh^ in the War
idyS. In Podolia ftands the well fortified and Impregnable Kamie-
niek^olim Clepidava tejie Cleaver, which has formerly withftood the Ar-
mies of the 7«ri^r, the L^ffi^i Tartars, the tranfylvanians, and the Wa-
lachians , but at length was forced to yield to the Power of the Grand
Sigfiior, in the Year 1^72. fince re- taken by the Poles ^ but by thelaft
Treaty delivered to the Tnrks •, as is alfo Oc2SJi^«?, the Axiace o^ Strab,
Plin, & Ptol, i<584. the Fortrefs c^ Japr»ic in Podolia v/asfurrendred,
which confiitcd of 500 men. And Vajfan^ ic the mouth of the Bory-
fthems.

In the year 1626. the Cojfacks entred the Bofphonis with 15:0 Sail of
Saicks or Boats, each Boat carrying 50 armed men, and had 20 Oars
on a fide, and two men to an Oari and on the Grecian-diore burnt
Boyno-devi and Tenichioij on the Ajian-ddc Stmii, and put Conjiantinopk
into a general Confternation.

On the Banks of the River iV/s/rer Count Ejlerhaft Ml upon the Reer
oftheTurk^, killed 500 on the place, took their Piggage with divers
Prifoners, and gav*; l.ber*y to many Chriftian Saves. The next day
he charged another pariy, kili'd a great number, and got a conlidera-
b!e Booty. And afterwards having got more Re jruit, he joined Bat-
tel with them, and flew 120a on the place, gave liberty to 1400

Chriilians,

88 Of Poland.

Chriftians, took divers of their Commanders, with their Bag and
Baggage, with much Gold and Silver in flate and Money.

1^24. Forty thoufand Horfe of Tartan enters into Vodolia^ and
made Incurfions as far as Socal\ but at Buriiinow were overthrown,
thirty thoufand flain, and two thoufand Prifoncrs taken, the grcateft
defeat that was ever given to the lartars.

Upon a Hill between Tyr River and Chofm , Anno 1 6%\. the Turks
and Tartars being 60000 under a B^jffj, received a great lofs by Konis-
potzki the Polijh General, with 2500 Horfe.

Here are reckoned 4 Archbifhopricks, 24 Bifhopricks, and 5 Uni-
verfities. Its chief Lakes are Gr^W^, By^*?/, and Briale. Its chief Moun-
tains are the Carthapian Hills , dividing this Country from Hungary,
Tranfilvania and Moldavia.

The Lejftr Tartary* 89

TH E Lfjfer 'tartary which lies in 'Europe^ is fo called to diftinguifh
it from the Grand^ which makes part of Jfia ; it is alfo called
Precopenfis, and Crim, from the Names of the principal Cities, fcitua-
ted in the Feninfula ; formerly called Tanrica Cherfanefus by Ptol. from
the 7jun a certain People of Scytbia in Europe. Strabo calls it the Scy
thian Clnrfomfus. Pliny calls it the Penirifula of the T^aurians. Appianus
calleth it the Pjntk^Cherfonefjif. And P. Viaconus calleth it Cherfenefa.
The Nogays 'Tartars mull not be omitted, that lye between Tanais and
Volga j nor the 'tartars of Ocziacou^ between the mouth of Boryjihenes
and the Niejhr ; nor the Tartars of Budziack^mentioncd page p6, to the
Eart of Moldavia , between the mouths of the Neijier and Vonavp, Be-
fides all thefe, there are fome that are fetled alfo in Lithuania and the
Vkraine^ adjoining to the Black^Sea.

The Black^Sea is very Tempertuous •, fo named, and fo famed from
the terrible and frequent Shipwracks that happen in it, for want of
skilful Pilots, and good Havens. And the people that inhabit about
it, are naturally barbarous and wicked , without any Fveligion, and
under no Government.

The Circumference of rlils Sea was reckoned by Eratofienes^ Heca-
t£Hs, Viol, and Ammiar.us Marallinus ^ to be 2 ^coo Stadia, or 2875
miles. This Sea is called by ClaHdianur, Pontus Jmazonius ; by Flac-
cuj^ Pont' Scythicus \ by Fell. Amttms, Pont Tauricus ; by Herodotus &•
Ovofim, Mare Cimmerium ; by Strabo^ Mare Colchicum ^ by Tacitus, Mare
Pomicum *, by Ovid, Mare Sarmaticum 5 by the Italians, Mar Majore ; by
the Greekj, Maurathalajfa ^ by the Turkt^ Caradenguis.

The Thracian Bofpborus is certainly one of the comelieft parts of the
World, the Channel is about 15" miles in length, and about two in
breadth in moft parts. The Shores confitt of rifing grounds covered
over with Houfes of Pleafure , Woods, Gardens, Parks, delightful
Profpeds, lovely Wilderneffes , watered with thoufands of Springs,
and Fountains •, upon it are feated four Caftles well fortified with
great Guns, two, eight miles from the Black^Sea, and the other two
rear the mouth of the Channel, built not above forty years ago to
prevent the Coffach^, &c. from making Inroads with their Barks.

The Limmaian Bofpborus is a narrow Sea two miles broad , which
divides Europe from Afia , and by which the Meotick^ Lake doth flow
into the Euxine Sea. This Strait is called by Mzrtianus, OsMeotidis ;
by Mircellinus, Putares Angufii£ h by the Italians, Boccadis. Jovanni j by
Cajialdusy Stnto di Caffas and by the Tartars, Vofpero,

N Pains

^o T^he Lefjer Tartary.

Talus Maotis is by the Turks called Baluck^Venguis^ that is, Mare Fif-
cinm, for 'tis incredible what a number of Fi(h is caught in that Lake.
And 'tis reported that they ufually take Fifti there, which weigh eight
or nine hundred pounds, and of which they make three or 400 weight
of Caveer. Their Fiftiing lafts from October to April. The waters do
not rife or fall, though it partakes of the River lanats , and the in-
tercourfe of the Euxine Sea. This Lake is commonly called Aier de
Zabacche^ ot de UTana. Limen accolis-, by the yirablans^ Marel Azachy
the Sea.

From the Channel of Palus Mzous to Mingrelia 'tis reckoned 600
miles along the Coalt, which confift of pleafant Mountains, covered
with Woods, Inhabited by the Circa ffians j by the Titrk^i called Cherks ;
by the Ancients, Zageans ; by P. Mda^ Sargacians, a Country reckon-
ed by the Turks not worth the Conquering, nor the charge of keep-
ing.

The Commodities that the Turk^ exchange for with the Inhabitants,
are Slaves^ Honey^ Wax, Leather, Chacal-skins, a Beaft like a Fox, but
bigger ; and Zzrdavas, which is a Fur that refembles a Martin, with
the Furs of other Beads that breed in the Circaffan Mountains. The
Cherks are a people altogether Savage, of no Religion, unfaithful and
perfidious. They live in Wooden Huts, and go almoft naked. And
the Women till and manure the Ground. They are fworn Enemies to
thofe that live next to them, and make Slaves one of another. They
live upon a kind of Parte made of a very fmall Grain like to a Millet.
But of this Country little is known to us ; and what is difcovered, is
by means of the Slaves that are brought from thence into Turkic, who
are in a manner Savages, from whom nothing of certainty is to be
expected.

Crim Tartary is a Petiinfula about 200 miles in length , and 50 in
breadth, wonderfully populous, and exceeding fruitful , abounding
in Corn and Grafs, but Wood and Fuel is fcarce.

The Towns on the Sea-fide are Precop, Lus Iowa, Mancup , Crim,
Cafa, Kers^ and Arboth^, which lies between the Blacky, and Mceotan
or Ratten Seas, near to which is a great Field 50 mile long, enclofcd
with water , where the Tartars in Winter do keep their Hergees or
Horfes.

Within the Land are Carafu, and Bakeffy Seray. The Town of
Ajlamgorod ftands upon the Neiper, in former times there dwelt in it
two Brothers Ingul and Vngul ; who falling at variance, and that end-
ing in cruel Wars, the whole Country adjacent (though pleafant and
fruitful ) became a Wildernefs, and now lieth wafte, being a vaft

Defart.

The Leffer Tartarjo ^i

DefarC, 500 miles over, and athoufand miles long, from Vrecop unto
the County of Mnfcozy.

Caffay known to the Ancients by the name of Thsodofia^ is a great
Town, and place of good Trade, wherein are reckoned 4000 Houfes,
3000 inhabited hy Mahometans , 'turkj and 'Tartars, about 1000 Fa-
milies of Armeniaiu, and Greeks, who have their feveral Biftiops and
Churches, that of St. Peter's is the biggeft, but fallen to decay j every
Chriftian above 15 years of Age pays a Piafter and half Tribute to
the Grand Signior , who is Lord of the City ; which is guarded
with two Caftles , the Caftle upon the South-fide commands all
the parts ; and is the Refidence of the Baffa. Proviiions of all
forts are very good and cheap. Their chief Trade is Salt-jijh, Caveer,
Corn, Butter and Salt. Formerly pofTeffed by the Geaoefe, but taken
by Mahomet the Great 1574. hath lince been fubjedt to the Turks. In
1627. it was befieged and taken by the Cojfacks, 750 miles reckoned
from Conjiantinople.

Precop, in Latin Precopia, feated near the place where flood the Ek-
peterea of the Ancients. By the ancient Greekj called Eupatoria , Pom-
feiopolts , Saar Lucus, Dromon Achillis, Gr£cida Heraclta. B;ikeffy Serai,
or Bajho Serrail, is the Refidence or Court of the prefent Kans of 7ar'
tary. Mancup is a ftrong Town where the Kan is faid to keep his
Treafury.

German or Crim was the ancient Scat of the Kans, fuppcCed to be the
Taphr£ of Pliny, or Taphras of Ptolomy. Once a famous Cblony of the
Grecians.

Kers, (lands upon the Bofphorus Ctmerins , or the ftrait of Capha,
not far from the Panticap£un of the Ancients. Oczak^u is fcituated
near the influx of the great River Boryfthenes, built in or near the place
of Olbia.

Tanof, or Tanais of Ptolomy, fcituate 20 miles from the mouth of
that River, is the laft City in Europe now fubjed to the Turkj, who
have there a Garifon, and by them called j4zac, or Jzoiv. 450 miles
from Caffa, and 15 CO from Conjiantinople. In 1*^:57. it was befieged
and taken by the Mofcovites and QJfacks. In the Year 1^41. it was
not recovered, though with much blood and flaughter of the Army of
Sultan Ibrahim; for it coft ^000 Spahees, 7000 Janifaries, and 8000
other Soldiers, befides Moldavians, Walachians^ and Tartars, and yet
the Turks were forced to raife the Siege, and return home. However
the next year it was abandoned by the Coffacki, and left a Ad fpedaclc
of defpair and ruine.

N 2 The

g2 "The Lefjer Tartary,

The ancient Inhabitants of KhcEuropean'Tartary, or SarmjtiaEurop£a^
were of the Scythian Race ; but in Cherfonefe it (elf dwelt the ancient
Tauri, againft whom Darius King of rerfia made his fruitlefs War
with an Army of 700000. In the adions of the Gree)^/ and Ko-
mans we hear nothing of them, unlefs that the Emperor 7rajan took
x\it City "taphree. Afterwards growing great, by Conquering the ^^^-
tkhjTartars^ Mahomet the Great made himfelf Mailer of Cafa and
and ^zonf, thereby commanding both Mceotis^ and the Euxine Seas.
And in the time of Selimus the hrli, who had Married a Daughter of
this Crimtartar^ the Turh^ and 'Tartars grew into a League: And tho
the Kan or Prince be Elective, yet he is Chofen out of the true Line,
and conhrmed by the Grand Sigmjr^ who have always taken upon them
a power to Depofe the Father, and Conftitute the Son, or next of
that Lineage, when found remifs in affording their Auxiliary helps
to the War, or guilty of any difrefpedt, or want of Duty to theO^e-
man Port.

The Tartars are Efteemed as Brothers, or near Allies with the7«r^r,
to whom, for want of Heirs Male in tht Ottoman Line, the TurkJJh Em-
pire is by an Ancient Compad to defcend ; the Expedition of which
doth keep the Tartars in much Obfervance, in hopes one day to be
Lords of the World.

In the Year 1 66^^ the Tartars^ called to the AlTiftance of the Turks^
made fuch Incur lions into Hungary^ Moravia, and Silefta^ Sacking and
Burning Cities and Towns, that they carried away i(5ooco Captives,
which they Sell to the Turk/, who go thither to Trade for this Mer-
chandize, which is the moil profitable Commodity that T^^r^^rj/ affords ■-,
Young Boys and Girls are rated at thehigheft price; the latter, if
beautiful, are, like Jewels, held at unknown Value, though few of
themefcape the Lufl of the Tartars. They live very hardly, and feed
efpecially on Horfe-flefh, which dying in their march, they never exa-
mine his Difeafe, but putting the Flefli under their Saddles, baking k
between the heat of the Horfe and the Man, it is judged fufficiently
prepared, a Difh fit for their Prince.

And as the poorer fort arc nourifhed with a diet of raw Flefh,
Herbs, and Roots, fuch as the Earth naturally produces, without the
Concodion of Fire to prepare it for their Stomacks •, fo alfo their Hor-
fes are of a hardy Breed, patient of Hunger and Cold, living ufual-
ly upon Roots and Leaves of Trees.

Their Towns or Villages confift of Huts rather than Houfes, or
Hurdles made of flicks, and covered with a courfe Hair-cloath, of
which Villages there are accounted 200000 5 fo that taking one man

out,

The Lefftr Tariary, 9^

out of every Village, they quickly form an Artny of fo many Fight-
ing men. Thefe Portative Houfes, which they c^WCantares. they put
upon Wheels, and dwell in them more in the Summer, ih:ninthe
Winter.

They never mind Sciences, but underftand what they know by com-
mon fenfe ; and therefore *tis fa id of them. That they have eaten .
their Books, and carry them in their Stomacks.

They are faid to be fo much of the nature of Dogs and Cats, that
they are born blind, and do not fee dear till after five days. Their
Eyes are not very large, but very black; far afunder, but quick and
piercing. They are rather little than big , but very large limb'd :
Their Breafts high and broad, their Necks thort, their Heads big,
their Nofes flat, their Teeth vvhite, their Faces round, their Com-
plexion tanned, and their Hair black and courfcj whilft they are
young, their Mothers bathe them in Salt-water to harden their Skin.

Some of them now grown Wealthy by the Market of their Slaves,
throw off their homely plads, to wear Sables; and fome more fru-
gal, build Houfes, eat bread and flefli, and drink burnt Wine, and
Metheglin. Sir JohnChirdin tells us, at VonJIow^ox Salin£, 50 miles
from Caffa^ there are 200 VefTels yearly laden with Salt ; and that
about a mile from that place was a 'Tartarian Habitation, but not above
ten or twelve Houfes with a little Mofque, only round about them were
a great number of Tents round and fquare, very well clofed, as alio
feveral Wagons, well clofed and covered, which ferve inftead of Hou-
fes. He alfo tells us, that fome of their Tents werehung with Tapi-
ftry, as alio the Floors covered with the fame, and the outlide co-
vered with Furs ; and every Family hath one of thefe Tents, and
two others, one for their Slaves and Provi(ions, another for their
Cattel. That they ftore up their Corn and Forage in deep Pits or
Magazines under the Ground, as do moft of the Eajiern people. The
Riotous and DilTolute add id themfelves to Strong- waters, and a
Dnnk called Biza^ giving themfelves up to a Gluttony as Brutifh as
that which is natural unto Swine, and rert delighted with the meer
contentment of Idlenefsand a fuUSromack.

Jufticeisadminiftred among the 7artarians^ by the Law of Mahomet^
in the Cities and Towns of the Chan^ and the other Sultans i They
have their Priefts, their Judges, and their Begi or PrsefecfJ-s, who do
hear and decide private Injuries ^ but the Chan^ with his CounfeI°-
lors, do judge of Capital Matters, as Murther and Theft: In decla-
ring whereof they need no Lawyer nor Solicitor ; they ufe no fubtil*
ties or tricks, no excufes, or prolonging matters by delays 5 for the

meaneQ

94 l^fj^ Leffer Tartary,

meaneft of them, nay, ftrangers, do freely declare their own wrongs
and grievances before the Judges, and the Chan himfelf, by whom
they are quic kly heard and difpatched. They inftru(^ their Sons when
young, in the jirabic\ Language j when they come to ripenefs of
years, they ferve ihtCban or the Sultans ; and when their Daughters
are Marriageable, they many them to fome of the chief Tartars or
1i4rk,s, The Richefi: of the Tartars in the Princes Court, go civilly
and decent in their Apparel, not for Oftentation and Pride, but as
Neceflity and Decency requires. Their Judges, according to Mahomet's
Law, are accounted Spiritual men, and of undoubted Equity, Inte-
grity, and Faithfulnefs. And when the Chan goeth abroad in pubJick,
the poorefi: men may have accefs unto him ; who when he fees them,
will examine what their wants and neceiTities are, and whence they do
arife.

I (hall only add this account of Tartary^ by MaffeUini an Italian, Phy-
sician to the Grand Vrzier ^ I for my part found Tartary a very pleafant
Countrey, plentiful of all Provifions, and the people much more
courteous and obliging to Grangers and Chriftians, than the Twr/^/ are.
That as to their Morals few Nations are lefs vicious, being extremely
fevere and faithful,having no Thieves,or falfe WitnelTes amongft them,
little in juftice or violence, and live together in union and peace. And
that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and juft in whatfo-
ever they promife, or are intrufted with.

.j.H

I J zJ 2-/1 J^l

hrrrtrr'Hiinimi'il fclliiillirilinmiJ — tn

OLD AVI A has fometimes been called Great WaUchia, and
Walachia on this fide the Mountains. It is very Rich in
Honey and Wax, for which the Tenths of the Prince amout Year-
ly to above 200000 Crowns. You (hall meet with feveral Heaps o£<;
ftones, which they report to have been caft up by Tyaritis King of Ver-
fra, when he made War againft the Scythians, The Capital Cities
thereof are, Jaft, or 7#»w, the chief Town for Wealth and Trade.

2. Soc'f

g6 Of WduhU,

2. Socz^:va^ Soczow, & Suchzorp, was the Sucidavo of VtoL & Am. the
Vaivodh Seat. ^.Chotez,in^ Arcobadar. Baud, a place of great ilrength
near the Ntefhr, and the ordinary Magaihie of the Countrey •, the
place where the Folej were defeated under King Sig^ifmmd Augujius ;
and where King John Sobiet.'ki, a little before his Eledion, won the
vnoCi memorable Victoiy incur Age. This Countrey was firft made
a Turk^ifh Province by ALbomct the great, Jn. 1574. The Ealtern
part, called Beffarab/a^ lies upon the Black^Sea, and btlongs to tie
Grand Signior, who is MaOer of the Mouth of the Vanoiv and Nicjhr ;
and who ufes all ways it^.aginable to Subr'ue the Rich Provinces of
the Ukraine. Its chief places are Bw%rr)i^, Moldavij,Beligrad Turcis, a
iirong Town near the mouth of the River. Kilta'is tiie Cahtia&Cal-
lacis Ant. Cahw Strak'^ VUn, tejk Laz. But Laonicm tells us, that CjI-
htia is now called CMacra. And Niger Cmh 'tis called Pandalla^ on
the Eiixine Sea. Ack^rman Turcis, Moncafiro Incol. is the Hermonaffa flin,
& Mel. the Hermonadus Ptcl. tijh Nigra. Ndhr Alba, Turcis tcjh Lemcl.
Moncajiro is the 7yras of Ptol. tcjh HerbcrlH. Zithezavia, Nigra, a ftrong
place on the fameCoalh The Seat of ^7url^(h Sangiac. The Plain of
Budziack^i 12 Leagues long , and half as broad, is poffefTed by the
Dobrttce Tartars, who are the greatefl Robbers in thofe parts. They
are about 150CO, and lye about Eu//grW. This Countrey became Tri-
butary to the T/zr^/, Anno \\%'^.

Of WALACHIA.

W ALA CHI Ay which lies to the South-Eaft of Tranfilvania,
and extends along the Vanaw, was called Walachia Tranfal-
pina, todiftinguilhitfrom Moldavia. It is watered by a great many
Rivers. Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold :
And for the Horfes, they sre the bert in Europe. The Prince, who is
fometimes called Hj(podar, and fometlmes Waywode, that is^to fay ,
Chief of the Troops, relides at Jermfch, Incol. tcrvii Gal. Targovifco
Ital. Tergorvifch Germ. Ttrgoiifhs, or Tergovifcum, Lat. Auth. Olim Ti-
vifcum Ttol. taros & Turo icfte Lazio. And pays to the Grand Signior
25ooo Livres Annual Tribute. Its other places are, Brailano, the Piro-
boridavaoi Ptol.tcjieNigro, the Town of moll: Trade, fcituate on the
DanatP, memorable for the Deftrudion and Slaughter made by John

the Faivod of Moldavia. „

Lor-

Of Trtinfylvinh, ^ 97

ZofZ^i with its ftrong Caftle, taken by Sigifinmd^ j4nm i'yp6.
Bucarefia is remarkable for two Bridges j the one of Boats, laid By
Sinan Bajfa , the other of Stone, the Work of the Emperor frajan.

Of TRANSYLVANIA.

TK AN ST LV ANI A, (o called from the Hercynian Woods,
and Carpathian Mountains, wherewith it is encomtafled. The
"Dacia M:diterranea oi the Ancients, by the Romans called Vacia Kipn-
fu,& Fannadacta 5 by the Hungarians, Erdely '■, called aKoSeptim Callra^i
from the German name Siebmhurgmj by reafon of the feven Cities or
Seats whi>:h the Saxons built there, iv'z. Hermenflat^ Cronjiat^ Nofenjiatj
Midrvifch^ Schiahurg^ Claufenburg^ & Weiffenhurg. Divers Nations for-
merly inhabited this Countrey ; as the Jazyges^ by Vliny called Meta-
fia(i£ j the Getes^ Bafternians^ Sarmatians, Gr£cians^ Romans^ Scythians^
Saxons^ and Hungarians. The Romans did conquer it, when the Em-
peror Trajan overcame Vcctbalns^ King of Vacta^ and reduced it into
the form of a Province, calling their City Zarmizegetbufa^ after his
own name, Ulpia T'rajana. hut Galienus loft it 2 00 years after. After
tht Romans^ the Scythians under the Condudlof ^r/?l!/rfj', feated them-
felves in this Countrey, and built fevcn Cities, the names whereof
2.xtOrbay^ Kyfdi^ Czyc\-, Girgio, Marour^ Arania^ and Sep fu

The Saxms fucceeded the Scythians in the time of Charles the Great,
who followed the example of the Scythians , and built the feven
Cities aforefaid. Laftly, the Hnngarians, who mingled themfelves
with the Vacians ; and afterwards, being provoked by Injuries, they
conquered the whole Countrey, in the Reign of Stephen King of Pana-
ma, The Mountainous part of Tranfylvania^ wasfubdued by Matthiof
Hmiades, who took Vracula their Vaivode or Prince, a man of un-
heard of Cruelty, and after 10 years Imprifonment, reftored him to
his former place. Tranfilvania is now divided into three Nations,
differing both in Manners and Laws ; viz. the Ciculi , or Zekiers^ de-
fcended from the Scythians, who are a fiery and Warlike kind of peo-
ple , amongft whom there are no Noble, or Rufiickj, but all of them
of one rank. 2. The Saxons, 3. The Hungarians, who call them-
felves the Nobles of the Countrey, and have great Power and Autho-
rity over the reft.

O As

^8 Of Trdnfylvnnia,

As to the Payment of Taxes and Tributes, it is divided into eight
principal Circles or Diviiions, called Chapters j in wh ch are contain-
ed 3(5 Royal Towns, and more than 175 Towns or Villages, befides
their prin.ip.l Cities, which are^ i. HrmsKfladt Ger. Czeben or Zeben
Hung, the (ihimum & Hcnnannopolis of the Ancients, yielded by the
7urkr, i<55<?, after much Sl-^ughter, and a ftout Refiftance j is the
Relidence of the Prince, aihongCity, well fortified both by Art and
Nature. JVaradin^ or Gros JVardeyn^ Ger. has been extraordinarily
fortified by the 7ttrk^s, who have there made a Magazine of Arms
ever Cmcc the Year 1660 •, but upon June the ^th. 16^2. after many
vigorous Sieges and Attacks made by the Germans^ being no longer
able to holdout againft their Efforts, and defpairing of any Relief,
theGarifon capitulated j and upon the '^th. 400 Germans took polfef-
fion of the principal Pofis of the Fortrefs ^ and upon June the pth,
the lUrl^f marched out of the City, and gave entire PolTelTion to the
Germans. This properly belongs to Hungary. Cronjiat.^ Kronjiat Germ.
Brajfotv vel Brajfotva Hnng. Br^^arv Incolis^ the Patrovijfaoi Ptol. Stepha-
nopolis, Corona, & Pr£toria Augufla^ Vd. is remarkable for a fair Libra-
ry, and a kind of Academy, and the moll: Noted Empory of the
Countrey/eated amongft pleafant Mountains.and fortified withWalls,
Ditches, and Rampires. Nofe^lladt^ Germ. Bijiritia & Beflereze Hung.
the Nentidiva Vet. hiimJy^va,, in Old Manufcripts •, is a pleafant and
fweet Town. Claufenburg Germ KoUfvpar Hung. Clandhpolis^ Vet. Ziug-
ma?tcl.& aliis. Befieged by the Twr^x, Defended by D. Retani., and
Relieved by Scheniden with dooo men, 1661. But Laz^ms tells us, that
Zcugmjiis the Zazfebes^ Hung, or the Mahnhach Ger. three Leagues di-
flant from C/jiKjew^^r^ towards the South, feated in a pleafant Plain,
beautified with handfome Buildings, and is the Court of their Judi-
cature. The firll Seat of the Saxons.

Weiffcmhurg^Germ.Gyula-Feiertpar^ Hung. Alha]ul'u, ox Alba-GhtUay
the Apulum of Ttol. was the ordinary Refldence of the Prince, or
. Va\vod,Qi Tranfylvania. Anciently c^WcdTarmif •, and in Ta2J^« 's time
it was the Palace of Kin^Decebalus . Varbel Incolis. Gradifch Sclaro. Vec
» n/ & Venccz,, te{h Lazio, is the Zarmigethufa, or Z^rmtfogethufa of ?toL
& VIpia trajana^ Vet. Megies., or Medgis Hung. & Mea;(fivar, Medtvifch
Germ. Medicfus Lat. the Firum of Ttol. Segefwar Incol. Schieshurg Ger.
Scihurghm Latinis, is the Sandava of ?tcl tefie Lazjo. Janova befieged
\i\] x\\<: Grind Vizicr., 1658. and taken.

' The Countrey naturally abounds with Wine, Corn, Fruit» and
Cattel \ v,'hichthe Coin of 'tra'-jan doth witncfs, in which CmsHiood^
holding in her right hand the Horn of the Goat Anialth£:i, which fig-

nifieth

Of Tranfylvmu, <)^

nifieth Plenty ; siid in her left hand a Table with this Infcripjlon or
Motto, Ahundmcia'D-KU. The People are much of the fame Nature
with the Hiing&nMs^ to vvhom they have been for a long time fubjed,
bur arefomewhat more iiubborn and untradable •, and fpeak the fame
Language, with feme dilTerence in the Dialed only.

One of the principal Ptevenues of franfilvania confifts in Salt, which
is chiefly made at Tarda •, from whence they fend it into H-ingary by
the River Marlfh. There are alfo Mines of Gold and Silver, and
fometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers, that
need no rehning; So that the Hungarians, when they poilcfTed
Tranfylvaniay called it their-Treafury. Copper is digged out of the
fame Mountains that the Gold and Silver comes out of. Steel is dig-
ged and found atC)'J^-, Iron at Thorofco i Sulphur and Antimony are
found in the Copper- Mines. There are feveral forts of Religions in
1ra)ifylvanta\ for Catholkkj^Lmberafis^ and Calvinilis^ had the free Ex-
ercife of their Religion there, ever lince the beginning of this Age.
The two Families of Bathori and Kagotz.i, have afforded this Coun-
try feveral Princes : It being made a Sovereignty in the year 1 5 12. by
John Zapoliat by favour of Solimanthe Great. The hi\ Ragoizi, who
was flain in Battel againfl: the Turk,Sy in the year i^$p. was the four-
teenth Prince ; He ftyTd himfelf, By the Grace of God, Prince of the King-
dom of Tranfylvania, Lord of one part of Hungary, and Earl of the Cicu-
lians. He paid Annually to tbeGrand Signior a Tribute of ; ^000 Vol-
lars j the Minifters of the Port have advanced it to five hundred thou-
fand Rix-dollars. The Emperor as King of Hungary, pretends to have
the Right of Inftallationof the Prince of Tranfylvania : For the Em-
peror Rodolphus Eftablifhed Botfcai, upon Condition that the Princi-
pality (hould return, for defed of Iffue Male.

It hath three Navigable Rivers. The Aluta or Avata, by the Hung.
called Vlt, by theGer. Alth* Mavifus Strah. Marus Tacit. Mxros Hung,
Merifcb or Marifch Ger. Marons Incolis, both rifing out of the Cicukan
Mountains, the tirft falleth into the D<««»&e, the other into the Tibifcus.
The third is Ssmus, or Samfch, by the Ger. Tbimes. It hath many Lakes
and ftanding Waters, which are full of excellent Fi(h.

It hath great Forejb, and fpacious IVeods, in which zre Bears-, Wild
Oxen, Elke.r, Harts, Leopards, Martins, Voes^ and ffbite Harts.

What (hould I mention the divers kind of Birds, as Eagles, Fanlcons,
Tbeafants, Partridges, Peacock^, &c. ? And why lliould I reckon the Wa-
ier-Fowl, as Svpans, Bnfiards^ Bitterns ^ &c. ? This (hall fuffice concerning
Tranfylvania,

O 2 Of

ICO

Ir ■■■■.:.■■ -«BK-
^4 « \Sdmsmfiy

/^^^

^,, Schtnqltnt,.-., ^ , J. .
SutrutiruH _ \ -p,£fb"ie

Of Hungaria.

„ O , IT

\CiJkrl terrttJfZ C

^aaiXflia
^^^ XrefentX

^ Cratx 'J'trovitiza

cienriV

?JC-J

eaale/ ■ .
■t I ,. fxanhur

ieitixt'~i\ Simgi.-

\Sitn.

atzen ;
'jttarckt .-

enfiV. /"-Zolaock
. 2oinocta/is

^ - •' 2CatJt XetneT

£r\^i

^
,-p"*'

H^^GA ^JALat. hdtgims MzgUr. SUvis Wugierska, Gema-
n^ Hmgcrland, Gallis Hmgrie, Italk & Hifpanis Ongaria, now
vulgarly, but improperly called the Pannonia of the Ancients.

The ancient Inhabitants were the Jaziges, Metanafi^ of Ptol. inclu-

Part of the Vam lying Eaft of the Ri yer Tijfa, or fibifcus. The P^.«e/

Of H^ngdria, 1 c i

or Pannonii inhabiting beyond the Dmovp^ betwixt ft and the Sr.ui'-,
afterwards it was the Scat of the Huns, Lonfahardi zvA Avares^ and
laftly of the Hungarians. So called from the Huns and Avarcs^ a Peo-
ple known by the Rapines they committed in feveral parts of Europe
under y^ttila one of their Kings, whofe mighty Ads, and numerous
Forces are very remarkable. He it was that over-ran moft i art of
Germany, and great part of Italy^ that forced his way through all the
Nations between him and France, beating down all the Towns and
Fortreffes before him. That compelled the Emperor Thiodi^fius, to buy
his Peace at 6000 Pound- weight of Gold, and a yearly Tribute. Sack-
ed and burnt JEquika and Milan, fought the great Battel with JE.wn
the Roman General, where were ten Kings preftnt, and 200000
(lain.

Once a great and flourifliing Kingdom, whofe Dominions extended
as far as the Adriatich, and Euxine Sea. Now divided by the Vanorv in-
to the Upper Hungary, lying North of the River ; and the Lower
Hungary lying towards the South, containing before the Ttirh^fh Sub-
jection, 54. JuridicialReforts or Counties, viz. Ahanvivarienfts, d'Aban-
vivar I. ///&e«/z/, d'Ekekes-Feyeruar 2. ^in^e;?/// d'Arva 3 . B^rficn-
y2> de Bars 4. Barzodicnfis ^t'Btzrzo^ <,. B^f/?;?///?/, de Bath ^. Biho-
rienfis, de Debreczin 7. Bijiricienfis, de Biftricz 8. Bogrogenfisy de Bo-
drogh p. Cajiriferrenfis , de Sarwar 10. Cepufunfts , de Czepufs ir.
Chonadienfis, de Chonad 12. Comarienjts, de Koraara 13. Gevinarien-
fif, de Gewinar 14. Hewje/ew/i/, de Hewecz 15. Hontenfis, de Sag i5.
Javarienfis, de Gewer 17. Liptovienfis, de Lypcze 18. Moramarufia:-
fts, deMoramarufs ip. Mzf/ow/e/?/?/, deMuzon lo. Niuienfis, deNey-
tracht 2 I. Novigradienfis, de Novigrad 22. Orodicnfu Czongrad 23.
Pelyfienfif, Pelicz 24. Peregicnjis, de Perctzaz 25. Fejlcnfis, de Felt 2 5.
Ptofegienfis de Pofega 27. Pofonienfis, dePofon 28. Rifwifis, de Kieifs
or Creutz 2p, Sagorienfis, de Sellia 30. SaVadienfts de Salavvar 31.
Sarienfis, deSaraZ32. Semlynienfts, deSemlyn33. Sigetenfis^ dcSiy-
geth 34. Simigienfis, de Zegzard 35. Sirmienjts, de Szerem 5 5. So-
proniefifis, de Sopron 37. Strigonienfis, de Gran 38. Itm^fu^njis, de
Temefuar 3p. IV/wew/?/, de Tolna 40. T'orantalienfis, dcThunMr ^i.
tornenfis, de Torna 42. T'ranfchinienfis, de Tranfchyn 43. "furGcenfir^
de Owar 44. Valconienfis, de Valpon 45. Varadiep.fis de Varadin 4«5.
Varanienfis, de Baranyuar 47. Vejprimiehfts ^ de Vefprim 48. Vgog-
henfis , de Ugoza 49. Vnghenfu , de Unghwar 50. Zaholcettfis, de
Chege 51. Zjgrahienfis, de Zagrabia 52. Zatmarienfis, de Znnixr 55.
Zolnocenfisy de Zolnock 54.

Firft,

10 2 Of Hungaru,

Firft Invaded by Ammah the fecond Ottoman Emperor of the T«r)^/,
with almoft incredible numbers of men, who yet found that the vali-
ant Oif-fpringof the once Victorious i^»«j were not ib eatlly (ubducd,
but flood as the Bulwark of the Chriftian World for 300 years, put-
ting a flop to the 7urhiJh Conqueft, and further Invafion into the other
parts of Europe -t no other Nation being able to check their unruly
Rage , nor fet bounds to their Empire. Yet fuch was the unhappy
fate of That People, that after long Wars, fundry Vidories, and
brave Refinances, it was for the greatefi part inthralled to the Turl^^
the reft containing about a third part, obeyed the German Emperor of
the Houfe oi Au\iria^ defcended from Ame^ Sifter to Lctvii the Second,
the laft Native Prince, flain by Solyman at the Battel of Mohacz.

But thofe that write the Hiftory of jF7?/wg^r)/, tell us, that though
Scruples of Confcience, and Gontefts about Religion, have been the
Pretenfions of the Discontents and Rebellions there •-, yet Ambition
and Soveraignty have been the caufe of the Wars and Mifcries of that
bleeding Country. That their own Divifions indeed contributed to
their Subjed"ion j for neither the Roman Eagle, nor the Ottoman CreC-
cent had waved proudly over their lofty Towers, had not the Civil
Diftentions of the Inhabitants, by wounding deep each other's Bofoms,
made way for the Enemy.

The Soil of Hungary is very fertile; the Plains, which are exceed-
ing lovely, bear Corn in abundance; and the little Hills produce ex-
cellent Wines j thofe of Tokay are highly efteemed ; the Sirmian Wines
are very rich and pleafant. And its deep Pafturages are ftored with
infinite Herds of large and fat Cattel.

It a'fo exceeds moft Countries of Europe, in Mines of Gold, Silver^
Tin, Lead and Copper ; as alfo Baths and Mineral Waters , fome of a
ftrong nature, which falling upon the ground, is turned to a Stone 5
others again flow in Winter, and freeze in Summer i others, which
falling i:ito Ditches make a kind of mud, out of which tried and melt-
ed th>:y make very good Copper ; and others there are that turn Iron
into Copper.

The Veins of the Copper Mine ( near Nervfol) are very large, and
the Ore is very rich ; in a hundred pound of Ore they ordinarily find
20 /. of Copper, fometimes 30, 40 to <5o in the hundred ; there are
alfo two Springs of a Vitriolate Water, v,7hich turns Iron into Copper
in 14 days time, and the Copper thus changed, is more du^ile,
jn.ileable, and moreeafily meked than the other.

Thrt-e Hnngarhn miles from Ncvpfol^ and two homChremnitz-y there
are divers But Baths of great efteem, and much frequented > ziBwiitz

there

Of HungarU, ID^

there are alfo five natural Baths , of a gentle heat , snd delightful
to bathe in, being beautiried by Count ?al^^ then Palatine ot H;*;;:-
gxry.

It produces abundance of Salt, and other Prcviucins for Humane
fuftenance, plenty of Deer, Hares, ail (brts of Poultry^ Partridges
and Pheafants, great (lore of Sheep, great nunibitvs cf Oxen, of
which looooo are yearly fent into Italy and Germany.

The Hmgarianr are generally Warriers and good Soldiers, ftrong
of Body, well proportioned, and valiant-, rtjore addidied to Mjts
than to Minerva ; cruel, and great Eaters. Their Habits, as well as
their Manners, are not far different ftora thofe of the Tm'ks J ^^eir
Language is a kind of Sclavoman. but differing in moft places. But yet
the Latin J the Turk^ ^ and the High Vutch are in ufe among them.
There are two Jrchbifhopricks , Strigoniitm^ and Colocza-, with ten Bi-
(hopricks,the half whereof were in the hands of the Tur}^ ; Four Or-
ders of Perfons have liberty to fit in their General Affemblies, the Trc-
lates^ 'Barons , Nobility and Bmgejfes. The Dignity of Palatine is the
moft confiderable, next to that of the King, for which reafon the
Hmgarians would admit of no King but one of their own Nation. The
Archbifhop of Strigonium is Frimate and Perpetual Chancellor of the
Kingdom, and Crowns the King after his Eledion.

The chiefeft ftrength of the Country confilis in Light Horfe : The
Horfemen are there called jFJ«j(fiar/, and the Infantry H«W?^(77^e/. Be-
fides Extraordinaries, the Emperor draws out of what he pt ffeffes in
Hungary about a Million of Livres every Year ; that is, from the Sil-
ver Mines, his Impoiition uponHoufes, and his Tax upon Cattel Ex-
ported. The Grand Signior requires a Caraz from thofe that are under
his Jurifdidtion ; who pretends to all Hungary^ and the Dominions be-
longing to it, by vertue of the Submillion made to Solymon by Sigif-
mmd., Son to King John,^ Count of Cepufa , and by the Queen his .
Mother.

The chief Rivers of Hungary are, firft the great Vanuhiw of Tolyb.
Strab. Plin, & alivs^ Dannbio Ital. & Hifpan. Danube Gallps. Vanatp &
Thonaw Germanis, which runneth quite through Hungary^ making a
Courfe for above 300 miles from Vresburg toBelgrade, and from thence
pailing by the Shores of Servia^ Bulgaria^ Watlachia and M4davia^ with
many Mouths it intereth into the Etixine or Blacky Sea. Having from
its firft fource performed a Courfe of above i 500 miles.

No Pkiver whatfoever, fo far from its difcharge into the Sea, afford-
eth more Naval Veffeis of ftrength and fufficiency for Fight, The
Emperor hath his Veffeis of War built like Gallies at Vienna^ Vreshurg ■

and :

104 ^f Hu»7Aria.

and Comorra, and an Arfenal for Provifions of more , upon occafion.
The Ttt)-}^ once had his V^elTcls at Cran, BuJa and Belgrade.

Nor hath any Rh'er afforded the hke Signal Engagenricnts and En-
counters at this dilUnce from the Sea. At the Siege of Belgrade^ Ma-
homet the Great brought 2co Ships and Gallies well (iored, up the
Stream. And the Hungarians fent as many down from Buda, that af-
ter a (harp Encounter, they took twenty of the Turklfh VclTcls, and
forced the red on Shore , near the Gamp •, fo that Mahomet caufed
them to be fet on lire to prevent the falHngof them into the Enemies
hand. At the Siege of Bnda the ChrifHans had 24 Galliots, 80 fmall
Pinnaces, and about 100 Ships of Burden, and other great Boats,
when all n:iifcarried under Count Regenfdorf.

At the Siege of Vienna, by Solyman , Wolfgangiis Hjdder did a good
piece of Service with his armed Veflels from Fresburg, who fank the
Turhjjh Veifels that came from Buda with the great Ordnance to bat-
ter the Walls of Vienna.

Nor doth any River afford fo large and well peopled Iflands ; the
moft confiderable is the Illand of Scbut^ or InfHla Cituomm, with its
feveral Iflands in it, containing many good Towns, belides many Vil-
lages well peopled, and well fortified againft the Incurfions of the
Turkj and Tartars. And the Ifland Kaab made by the great and leffer
Fvivers Raab. There is alfo another Ifland againfi: Mohatcb ; another
at the entrance of the Dmi/«f j and a new Ifland hard by Belgrade;
fifty years llnce there was no face of an Ifland -, but by the fctling of
the Oufe or hlth brought down by the Savus and the Danube, it is now
full of Trees, and what advantage or difadvantage this may be to
Belgrade, doubtlcfs a little time may fliew, tho the Turks once were
very fccure and fearlefs of any Forces in thefe parts. Between Vice-
grade and Vacia there is St. Andren>s, or Vizze, a fair and large Ifland.
A little below Bitda there is Ratzenmarckt Ifland, extending in length
40 miles, containing many Villages in it. Here the Turkifh Forces
Encamped when they came to raife the Siege at Buda.

2. The Tibifcuf^ Ptol, Tibefjs, Herod. Vathijfus, Plin, Tifianus, Jornand.
Tijfia, Laz. vulgoTeiJf. Arifing in the County of M)ramarufius, out of
the Carpatian Mountains. At Tokay it takes in the Bodroch or Bodrogus i
at Kafcavp the Tarcza, the Hervatz,-, Hervath or Hernach meets, and
rolling down the Mountains, receives the Scheya and Gi^o Rivers at
Onoih^ and a little further they all four fall into the Teiffe. . At Zalnock^
the Zagyrpa, the Turna, Sarn>iz>za and Genges, fall into it. At Cz,on-
grod the Kalo, the Sebeskeres, the Fek'erk^nz olim Chryfus R. Keureuzin-
coL Kraijf, Germ, At Seged, the Marifus Strah, Marus Tac. Maros Hung,

Merifch,

Of HmgHYy, \o^

Mirifch, or Maivfch Germ. Marorif hmJU. Lafily, xhtTimu Fliver falls
iitto it, near its own coi-sflucnce Into the Danube, between Feiro Fara-
din and Belgrade. By this lliver Teijfe Cometh down tliC gr£;it quan-
titv oi'NaturalSalt-ftone taken out ot the many Salt- Mines in Hungary
and TrMifylvania , and carried into the adjacent and neighbouring
Countries.

5. On the WcK-CM^eci Hiifigary is the P.iver Ar^iyo Ant. Ntrah
Ttol. Now the Kaah^ rifing in Styria^ and falling info the VjKitbe by
JiZii-rin or Kab^ receiving the Lairffn/tz. , Binca and Gunz. A confi-
dcrable River, and famous, for in the Year i66i\.. Gcrmniy v;a- tr.uch
alarmed at the railing of the Siege at Cauifa, and taking the Fort Se-
rir.i, much more at the Turks pafiage over this River Kaab j but the
extraordinary Valour of the ChriiHans, efpecially the French^ put them
to a fnamcful Flight, fo that after 8000 loft upon the place near Saint
Gothard^ crowding in heaps to pafs the Piiver, the Horfe trampled
upon the Foot, and the Foot throwing themfelves headlong into the
water, together with the Horfe , funk down and periflicd, {o that
the water was died with blood , and the whole River covered with
Men, Horfe and Garments, all fwimming promifcuoufly together ;
ro difference here between the Valiant and the Coward , the Foolifti
and the Wife, all being involved in the fame violence and Calamity i
fo that the waters devoured a far greater number than the Sword,
whil.'i; the Grand Vifier Achmet flanding on the other fide of the Ri-
ver able to afford no kind of help, and as void of all Counfel and Rea-
fon, knew not where to apply a remedy ; fuch a Defeat and Dilho-
nour iince the time that the Ottoman Empire arrived to its greatnefs,
fuch a Slaughter and Difgrace that it fuff:red, no Stories to that time
make rre ition of ^ which occafioned a Truce for 257 years between the
two Empires , by which Truce the Province oiZamar and Zaholch,
gr^nred to Ragoiz>i, returned ao;ain to the Emperor •, That the Caftle
of Zjchelhyd be demolilhed. That Varadin and Netvhaufel remam to
the Turkj.

4. The VravHf MeU^ Draus Plin. Vrahm Strah.Davui ?ioL Li Vrava
Ital. Le Drave Gal. Dravi Incol. Trab Hung, which arifing among the
Mountains of Saltzburg and Carinthia^ runneth a long Courfe of about
4C0 miles, through Carinthia and Hungary^ falleth into the Vambe at
Vrjz^tt over-againli Erdoed^ or Erdetvdy, the old Teutohw^mm of Ant.
and Ftol. Dr. Brotpn tells us, that it is a good fiream as high as Villach^
where there is a Bridge over it , and at Clagenfart he palfed over ic
upon two long Wooden Bridges, and an Ifland in the middle betweerj
them.

P 5. The

io6' 0/" Hungary*

5r. The Savus Ptol. Sam Strab. in MS. Sheldent S*fetf>'©-, Sahus So-
lin. La Sava Ital, Sane Germ. Le Save Gal. is a noble River, arifing in
the Mountains between Carinthia and Camiola, and fwelling by the
acceffion of many Rivers, after a courfe of above 3 50 miles, entereth
the Danube at Belgrade, At Crainbur^^ not far diftant from the Head,
it was a confiderable ftream, which afterwards fo enlarged as to make
remarkable Tflands, one at Sijfex by Zagrabia^ the other Metuharris at
the Weft of old Sarmium,

6. Upon the North of Hungary are the Rivers arifing from theC<«-
pathian Mountains, which divide Poland from Hungary, I'iz,. the Gran
and Ipola, which uniting together runneth into the "Danube ^ over-
againil Strigontum ox Gran,

7. The Neytra^ which paffing by Newhaufel^ entereth the Danube,
over-againft Komara,

8. The f^agg, or Vagus, which Stuckijts faith, equals the Fo in Italy^
at Fnftat, 50 miles from its entrance into the Danube ■•> it is a very
large River, and hath a long Bridge over it. And at 7 renfchin it
hath a confiderable Bridge over ic.

p. Befides thefe there are others efteemed Fluvii non ignobiks, viz.
the Lcytha, which entereth the Danube at Altemhurgh or Owar , the
Bounds of Austria.

10. The Sarvitza, or Orpanus, arifing near Vefprinium, and paffing
Alba Regalis, runneth into the Danube at Jeni, or Nova Falanka, over-
againft Bathmonjier.

11. Curajfm^ or Crajfo, fatal to Len>is the fecond King of Hungary^

12. Walpo, or Vulpanus, over which there is a Bridge at Walcovar,

13. The R-iver B9/«<«//:7, Bofwetha, otBacunihus, which falleth into
the Savus, not far from the old Surmium.

As this Country excelleth in Rivers, fo it hath many confiderable
and long Bridges, not to mention the Bridg of Boats over the Danube,
between Gran and Barchan, nor of that Bridg of Boats between "Suda
and Pe^, where the Danube is half a mile over, which is fo contrived
as to open a paffage for Boats and Veffels of Burthen to pafs i nor fhall
i name thofe already mentioned. There is a handfome and well-con-
trived Bridg at Calotza. But that over the Danube at Ejfcc\is fcarce to
be parallel'd by any other ■-, Built partly over the Dravus, and partly
over the Fens, which are often overflowed, and is five miles in length..
Having Towers built upon it at the diftance of every quarter of a mile,
fupported by great Trees eredled under it, nine or ten in a rank unto
each Arch, and handfomely railed on each fide. It coft the Turl^r
300000. Dollars^ and fix years time to buUd it. That part of the

Bridge

Of Hungary. toy

Bridge which was over the Vravus was burnt down by Count Serini
in the late Turkjfl) Wars between Leopold the Emperor , and Sultan
Mahomet the 4t/;, and is now fupplied by a Bridge of Boats, fome-
what below the former.

As Hungary aboundeth in Rivers, fo 'tis not without its notable
Lakes, w'ss. the Lake Balaton^ or Platz,ee^ the Volc£a of old, extend-
ing a great length between Vefprinmm and theDr^w/jjWith fome Itrong
Forts upon it; which put a Hop unto the cruelty oi Solymans Soldiers,
when they deftroyed all from Buda unto this Lake.

There is alfo the Nervfidler Sea, by the Hungarians 'Tcrteu , by P//>;,
Peifo. A pleafant Lake , feven German miles long, and three broad ,
in the Commotions of Botfcay 14 Villages about this Lake were burnt-
by the Turks^ 'tartars^ and Rebellious Hyduks.

The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary are abundant in Filhes. The
'Xibifcm or Iteiffe is eftcemed the moli Fifliy River in Europe^ if not in
the World. 'Tis commonly faid, that it confiOeth cf two parts of
Water, and one of Fi{h ; and the River Bodrack^ which runs into the
Tibifcus as aforefaid , not far from 7ckay ^ is fo full of Fiih , that in
Summer-time when the River is low, the People fay the Water fmells
ofFi(h, thoui?,h the River is thirty fathom broad, and eight and a
half deep. This exceeding fertility fome afcribe unto the Saline Tin-
dJures, both of its own ftream, and others acceilionary unto it, which
lick the many Salt Mines under ground, and fo may carry fome prin-
ciples of fcECundity with them. The Danube aboundeth with many
good Fiflies, as 'Xrnuts^ Perches , large and delicious Carps j a Fifh
called Schcyden^ much exceeding a Pik^\ At fome Seafons great fiore
of Haufans^ fome 20 foot long, efteemed a good Di(h, and fomewhat
like Sturgeon, with many other forts. And as the Rivers are full of
Fiih, fo in the Winter they are covered with many forts of Fowls.

The moft confiderable Cities of Hungary^ are Buda, Hung. Aqum-
cum^ or jicincum Ptol. & Ant. te(h Clev. Sicambria & Curta aliis. By
the Germans called Ofe«, by the French Bude, by the Spaniards^ Italians
and E/.'g/{/7?, Buda \ fo called, as fome tell us, from Buda^ the Brother
of Attila^ Anno Vom. 401. Others fuppofe it fo called from Budini^ a
famous Scythian People who engaged with Attila in his famous Expe-
dition. Yet others tell us it was called Bada^ from the fo many Pve-
nowned Baths in it. 'Tis diftant from Belgrade 4p German miles, and
from Vienna 54. tefieBaud.

Firft taken from the Heathen SuccelTors of AttiU by Charles the
Great 75?!. taken from the Hungarians by Saltan Soly man, Anno Vom.
152(5. Recovered the year following by King Ferdinand^ Brother to

P 2 the

io8 Of UungAYj.

the Emperor Charles the Fifth , who was Eledcd King by the four
Orders of the States of the Kingdom. But in the year 152^. it was
retaken by Solyman^ and committed to John Zapolia Prince oi Tranfyl-
vania. x\n. 1541. Km^Fctdinand fent his General Koggendorf with an
Army of 40000 men, and 40 Cannon. But the 77(rks coming in to
their AfliRance with a numerous Army, the Germans were forced to
raife the Siege : Whereupon the Sultan politickly feiztd upon the City,
fent the young Prince Sigifmund with the Princcls his Mother into
Iranfylvania^ and kept the Town in his own hands, and made it the
Seat of a Beglerbeg or Vice-Roy, whofe Authority extended over all
the Bafliaws of Hmgary. In the Year 1542. it was bcGcgcd by Ju-
chim Eledor of Brandmhurgh ^ who was forced to draw off, and quit
the Siege. 15^8, or p. Count Sn^artzenburgh bcfiegcd it, but the At-
tempt mifcarried. Jnno 1602. General Rc/jrorw alio with the Impe-
rial Army attacked it in vain.

Whofoever (hall read of the Sieges of 1684, and 16^6. will iind
the Story of the mod; famous Sieges in the World, where Blood was
Ipilt like water, and many brave men found their Graves j where the
AiTailants equalling, if not furpafling T'itus forming Jerufalem ; and
y^bdi Baftia no lefs bravely obftinate in defending his Truli , than Fil-
lerius upon the Walls of Rhodes. But upon the fecond of September
i<58<5. the fame day of the year when it v;as taken by Solyman '■> after
it had groaned under the Tyrannous Yoke of the Ottoman 145 years,
was this great and ftrongCity, the Capital of Hungary, reduced un-
der the Obedience of the Emperor Leopold the Firft, by the Prudence,
Conftancy and Conduct of the Couragious Duke of Lorrain ; the Ter-
ror of the Muffelmen^ and the greateft General of this Age. The twh^
have formerly experienced the Valour of Hnniades and Scanderbergh :
They have feared the Courage of the Duke of Mercettr : They have
trembled at the Condud and flaughter of the Valiant Count Serini j
but much more reafon have they to dread the Martial Duke of Lorrain :
He it was that near Presburg routed the Rebellious Army ofTecJ^ley :
He it was that defeated the fnrks near Caknburgh : He it was, with the
King of Poland^thzt raifed the Siege of Vienna: He it was that van-
quifhed the Enemy near Barkan^ and refcued the King o^ Poland when
the Poliih Army was in Confufion : He it was that relieved the City of
Gran^ and routed the Army oiZntan Ibraim Bafija : Ai.d laftly, He it
was,that whilft the Grand Vizier SoUman looked on witii a potent Ar-
my, won this Glorious Conqucil:, Buda.

Not far from Buda^ in the Year 1578. was fought a Battel of fo
ftrange a fortune between the Chriftians and the tit^h^s^ that the Con-
querors

Of Hungary, to 9

querors were conquered, and thevanquifhed got the Vidlory. Other
Cifies are Vofon^ Hungaris Fresbwg^ Germanis Vofcnwm & Vcffonmm^ the
FJcxamoi rtol.& Ant. The City is pkafant, the Callle (lately, where
the highly- erteemed Crown of Hungary is kf^^t > the Labyrinth, Fifh-
Poiids, and Fountains are Noble, it is the Capital of what theHoufe
of Au^ria. poffeffes, iQw German miles homVimna.: Since the Lofs of
Alha Regalis, it is the place of Election and Coronation of the Kind's
of Hungary. Cajfovia^ Ch^ifchaw incolis & Cafcborv., lies towards the
Mountains, having the fairelt Arfenal in the Countrey. Eperiej.,Et?i.ri.ej
is much frequented, by reafon of the Fairs which are there kept >
where alfo there is a Salt-Mine about 180 Fathom deep, the veins of
Salt are large, and there are pieces of i 0000 /. weight •, the colour
of the Silt-ftone is fomewhat gray, but grinded to powder, it be-
comes white •, nor is the Salt always of one colour, but of divers ;
there are fome pieces fo clear and hard, that they carve them into di-
vers figures.

Saharia of ?lin. Ttol. & Amm. Stain. Am. Angcrn. Germ. Szomhatcl.
Hung, tefte Lazio^ but by Cluver. it is Sarrvar^ Hung, lioibenturn Ger. of
old the Metropolis of fannonia Snperior^ the Birth-place of St. Martin.
Some report , and others believe, tiiat Ovid was buried there, in his
Return towards Italy,

Nittria^ Hung. Neytracht Ger. a Bilhop's See. Frei(lat^ or CaJgf^tz., H'4ng,
a fair large To wn, but burned by the 7urh^. Schemnitz^ the greatelt
of the Mine Towns in Hungary., and where great quantify of Silver
Ore is every day digged. It hath three fair Churches, and three Ca-
itles, and fevcral Mines j thofe of IVindfchacht and Trinity are the
chief, thelaft 70 Fathom deep ; the one is much elkemed, and of a
black colour, covered with a white Earth.

There is alfo often found a Red Subllance which grows to the Ore,
called Cinnahsr of Silver, which being grinded with Oyl, maketh a
Vermilion as good as the Cinnaber made by Sublimation. There are
alfo found in thefe Mines, Crylhls, Amethyfts, and Amechylline mix-
tures •, as alfo Vitriol naturally Cryilaliz.d in the Earth. And as there
is great variety in the Silver Ore, as to its mixtures with Earth, Stones,
Marchallte, Cinnaber, Vitriol, &c. fo alfo in its Pvichnefsj fome hold-
ing a great proportion of Silver , in refped of others : A hundred
pound-weight of Ore fometimes yields but half an Ounce, or an
Ounce of Silver? fometimes two Ounces, 3,4, y, and foto2o Oun-
ces i what is Pvicher, is very rare.

MoH: of the Schemnitz Ore holds fome Gold, which they feparate
by melting the Silver, then granulating it, and affer by difTolving it

iiw

no Of Hungary*

in Aqnafonis made out of a peculiar Vitriol, prepared at Chremnhzy
whereby the Gold is left at the bottom, and is afterwards melted,
and the Aquafortis is diiUlled from the Silver , and ferveth again
for ufe.

Chemnitz^ Carpates of old, is the oldefl: Mine- Town, and the Rich-
eft in Gold of all the reft ^ p6'^ years they have worked there ^ the
Mine is about to Englijh miles in length, a))d there is one Cmiculns, ir
H<;r/2(?«^ij/ PafTage, 800 Fathoms long, and the depth is about 170
Fathoms j and the Leopold Pit is 150 Fathoms deep.

Of the Gold Ore, feme is white, fome bbck, fome red, fome
yellow ; that with black fpots, within white, is efieemed the beft.

There is alfo a Vitriol Mine at Chremmtz about 80 Fathom deep,
the Ore whereof is reddifli, and fometimesgreenifh. This Oreisin-
fufed in water, and after three daysthe water is poured off, and boiled
feven daysin a Leaden VelTel, till it conies toa thick granualated whi-
(ifli Subftance, which is afterwards reduced to a Calx in an Oven,
and ferveth in the making oi Aquafortis ^ or the feparating water ufed
at Schremnitz.

Netvfol^ or Bijlriciay has the greateft Copper- works in Hungary^ the
Copper being very ftrongly united to its ftone-bed or Ore j the Sepa-
ration is elTeded with great labour and difficulty, it being burned and
melted 14 times before it becomes fit for Ufe-

At a little Village called Smalnik^^ there is a Pvivulet which changes
particles of Iron into Copper. The leaves of Oaks that are by the
bank-fide, falling into the water, are infenfibly eaten through, and the
moft grofs particles of this water getting therein, it is turned into a
leaf of Copper, which being expoied to the Sun, or only to the Air,
hardens, and always retains its former figure of an Oaken leaf

At GlaS'Hhtcn, feven Engli[h miks {xom Schcmnitz.^ there was once
a rich Gold Mine j but fince the over-running of the Countrey by
Bethlem Gahor^ it is loft. 'Tis much frequented by reafon of its natu-
ral hot Baths.

Eifenbachy four miles Etigli(h from GlasHitten^ and five or fix from
Schemmtz.^ is alfo noted for its Hot Baths, the fediment of which is
red, and turneth into Stone, and it turneth Wood into Stone.

At HernGrundt^ an Hungariam mile from Netvfol, in that Mine were
two Springs of a Vitriolate water, which turn Iron into Copper.

The feven chief Mine- Towns are Schemnitz.^ Chremnitz.^ Nett^fol, Ko-
ningsberg^ Bochantz^ Libeten^ &C Tdn.

The ftrongeft places belonging to the Houfe of AuHria^ were, Java-
rin^ Comara, and Ltopolftat^ the Bulwarks of Chriftendom. Javarin^

Gallis ■.

Of Hiinga.Yy, III

CaUu Raaby ftands in the Plain, out of fight, environed by the Va-
nojv '-i and KaahGcrmanh^ Geveer Hungaris^ Giavmn Italif, Rab. Incolis^
Tanic\Tufcis. It was the Arahooi Ant. t/atNarahoo^ Vtol. Isfortiiied
with teven large Baftions covered with Brick, and four Cavilliers, or
Ravelins between. It was Belieged by Sinan Bajfa^ in the time of Sul-
tan Murat the Third, who, at one Affiult loft 1200 men ^ but by the
Treachery of Count H:rdeck^^ 'twas Surrendred ; after recovered by a
Notable Surprize of Count Sivanzenhtirghy and Count Palfj, with a
great Slaughter of the Tw/*^/, 1606. Here alio are fevcral forts of
Warlike Engines and Inftruments.

Komore^ Comara^ is the Crumcrum Afa74m^ of Ant, Comaroniunt &
Bragiifum', is Moated by the Vanon?^ and ftrongly fortiiied. The Ifland
of the fame Name, formerly called Schutt^ contains above 300 Villa-
ges, and above 15000 Inhabitants, with the conveniences of Hunt-
ing and Filhing. Filkck, F/lecwn, Tokay^ 'Tokdium al Injfum, Tjitma)\
Zatmaria. and Kalo. have been likewife fortified by Order of the Em-
peror, who keeps hard- by feveral Armed Gallies.

Agria., Egar Ger. Erlaiv Hung. Erla Incolis. Temeftyar^ and Canijia^
have alfo their feveral Bajfas^ as being upon the Frontiers. The T«r/^
call Temefwar^ T'he Invindbk j by fome thought to be the Zuroedra^ or
Zurebara of Ptol.

The City of Gran^ Strigomum Laz. or OJirogon, Breg£tiumCluv, was
(he Birth-place of King Stephen^ the firft Ghriftian King of Hungary.
Befieged in vain by John King of Hungary ^ taken by Solyman^ Auguft
the 10?/^. I 542. recovered by Count Mansfdt ; but re-taken, or bafely
delivered in the time of Sultan Achnut to Aly-beg the Turk^ General,
Vicegrade^ Hung^ Flindenberg Germ, the Caftle of this place is Seated
upon a high Rock, Vv'here the Crown of Hungary was formerly kept 5,
and where the Kings oi Hungary did often reiide, was taken by the Im-
perial Army, June 16. 1684. Overagainlt it lieth Maroz.^ or Frifiat,

Nenfilium, hervhaitfil Gam. Oivar Hunrr. which feveral times hath
bravely wichftood the furious AiTauk of the Tmk^r 5 but in j4nno 166^^
the lurklfh Power was fo great, and the Magazine took tire, that it
was forced to yield ; and had not feme other Chrittian Princes joined
their Ailirtanceto the Emptror^ and fo ftopt the "twl^ Carrier, his Am-
bition and Succefs had farther enlarged his Dominions. In ^uguji^
1(584, it V7as taken by Storm, and the Turkf Army defeated near Gr^«.

Aibj' Julia Lat. Siuliveijfenbuyg G.Ekik^sFekrTpar Hung, Stolni Bioerad
Slavh^ Albe Royjle Gallis-, Alba Re^ialis Scrip. Pann. once famous for
the Coronation and Sepulchres of the Hungarian Kings, taken by the
turk^ 1 543 J ioft again 15^5, when' Sir Tfc?o. Arundd iorcingthe Wa-
ter-

112 Of Himg'XYj,

ter- Tower, took tlie 'turhfh E> lign, and for his Valour wa"^ made
Count of the Empire, and Lord A-:-iinddiyilVardoitT. A ilrongTown,
bctray'd by AT. Kcresl{:n the Governour thereof, upon promife of a
great FvevvarJ ; but Selimnr^ the Son of Solym.ifi, for hisTreafon, cau-
ied him to be pur into a Barrel (kick full of Nails, and to be tun:iblcd
up and down, till he miferably died.

The Emperor Fcrdimnd the Second, belicg'd C mi f^a^ or Camfcha
when he was Arch-Duke, but could not take it. Nor was Leopnldlg-
natius more fortunate in the year i66j^. The Retreat of the Duke of
Mri-fwrfrom Caurfu, was oneof ths nobleft Acffions of our Age. ^in-
(jm EccUfiji , FHrfkjrchen Germ. Otegiazac Hung. Peifchen Turcis tcjie Lenn-
c/jwo, taken by the T?/r^T, 1543, by fome thought to be the Teutshtrgi-
uin of Ant. and Ftol. Others tell us 'tis the Amjutia of the Ancients,
tho fome thinky4«j«'?j to be^/'«J2;,itis the place v^hcxo. S alyman died,
during the Siege of Zygeth., in the year 1 566. ALhacz is remarkable for
the Defeat of theChriliians in theyear 152 5. and for that of the Turks
1 (587. Pont, d' EJfcck^ famous for the A&ionof Count Serine who burnt
it in view of all the Turkifh Army : and for the Campagne of 1687.

Anno 1 582. ViUech^was belleged by the BafTa of Buda^ with 25000
Ti{)\( and Tartars , but after a brave reliftance in Siptembcr^ it was fur-
rendred without the Governor's confent, and afterwards demoliflied,
and the Walls levelled with the ground.

At the fame time Lewentz wasalfo abandoned and pofTefied by the
Enemy; and the Winter following, the T«r/>T and Hungarian Rebels fei-
zed upon the FortrefTcs of Atfol., JSJervfol^ Schimnitz , and Chremnitz.
Anno I 5-9 7. divers Hungarians betiegcd ?apa, and after a long Battery
it was delivered to them, who fold the Inhabitants to the T«r-j^/. But
the Imperial Army advancing, many of the Rebels ued. Andfomeof
the chief promoters of that dlfturbance were impaled alive.

Near Ahembcrg the Irripevial Horfe and Foot being divided inpif-
fing a River, after a tharp difpute, the Turks feized upon the Imperial
Baggage, valued at 40000 Guilders., when alfo the Princes of Savoy
and Aremberg foon after died of their Wounds,

1 684, The Caltle of Vnguar was beGeged by Teckjey, and taken by
Storm, and moO of the Garifon put to the Sword.

Upon the Hills near Vaccia, the Duke of Lorrain attacked a Body of
20000 T//^)^f, commanded by the Vizier of Btdj, of whom were llain
3000, 1 500 taken Prifoners, with feven Pieces of Cannon, eighteen
Standards, the Vizier and two Balla's flain, a BaiTa and ten Aga's pri-
foJiers, and of the Duke's Army not a hundred menlolt.

1684, Virovitza^ the iiey and Entrance into Sclavonia^ capitulated,

and

Of HtingArU\ li^

and <5co J^izarks marched cur, and kft it to the Impcrialijls.zitet i 13
years pofT^IIion.

1684, Zeben was invefted by General Schults^ and furrendred upon
dilcrenon ; all the H«;?gmtfA7/, being about 120, were by the Count
ct Bjrgarzzi cut in pieces, in revenge of Count Teckjey's ImpaHng alive
divers of the Girifon o( CziczitaVj which was furiendrcdto him upon
Articles.

Barthjield. a place fortified with good Walls, feveral Towers and
Redoubts, the Garifon co )fi(H?'g of about 400 meUj capitulated, and
was put into the Comirand of the Imperialijis.

M:mgatz and T'l^y are two flrong places ; and jn i 583 were in the
hands of Count Teckhy 5 fince fallen into the Germans PofT.iTion.

M^/^^»?7/>2s was furrendred to General A^ck/Z/as, Odobcr 1684.

In the year 1 6.6 ^ ^Leventz, a ftrong place, was delivered up to theTwr^/.
. Sch'mta^ the Magazine of the Emperor's Arms and Artillery, wasaf-
faulted by the Vizier, but being ftoutly repulfed, he raifed his Camp,
and came before Novigrade^z Caftle on a high Rock, encompaflfed with
a Ditch of 3 4 foot deep, Garifoned with<5oo Soldiers, and well fto-
red with Viduals and Ammunition, yet refigned unto the Hurh^.

i5(53, Atthe ("hallow paffages of the River Mif^fr, Count .*^m«i with
500 men, overthrew a party of 30000 T^urh^ and Tartars^ under the
Command of the BalTa of femifaoarj and fo delivered Croatia from a
total dcilrudiion.

In Jjfi. 166 \ Berz.enche was furrendred to Count Serint and Bakl^ckza.
And ^ywque Ecclefi£ for its perfidious ad, was by the Count after a fu-
rious airmlt,took by Storm, and in recompence of its treacherous (Ira-
tagem, put all the Inhabitants to the Sword , pillaged and tired the
Tovvn, which rendrtd it a horrible fped:acle of Fire and Sword.

At Zizeih-, conlifting of an old and new Town,conjoined by a Bridg
which crolTeth a fam.us Marlh or Fen, N. Serirti^ the Great Grandfa-
ther of the aforesaid Count, Immortalized his F. me and Memory with
thelofsot' his Life, againli Solymjn the Great, in the year 1555, with
an Army of <5ooooo.

Serinftvar^ built by Cojnt Strini^ yielded to the7«'i^, and \^as demo-
liQied. Leiva^ before whofe Walls C. Snfa^ and the Chriftians obtain-
ed a great Vidory againif the Jurkf and Tartars-, and aiTauUed Bar-
chan^z. Palanka oppotite io Gran.

Since the Battel between S^c/(?j and M^hatz,-, i<^87, all Hungary^
except 7emejhar in the Upper Hungary^ is in the hands of the Germans.

a Of

114

Of GERMANY.

1 I I \ 1 r

t^^

THE Name o{ Germans is much controverted amongft Authors j feme
thmk them fo called by the Romans, who feeing the People fo
like unto the Gauls, called them Germans to the Gauls, Others derive
it from Ger, fignifying all , and man, whence alfo came the Name of
^Imaine, which fome fabuloufly derive from Alman, whom they would
nave to be the i uh King of the I>mh, or Germans, Others from the

River

Of Germ Any, ii^

River ^/»2«/, by later Writers called ^/w<?«««j,whercunto theyfhould
border. Others more probably from thcDHtch Jllenfen Mam ■•> %nify-
ingall forts of men, or all hardy and valiant. The many opinions alfo,
and great differences we have found amongft Authors in the Interpre-
tations of the many ancient German Nations, makes me at prefent not to
mention them. Tis generally agreed, that the Gomerianr^ or Cimbri,
were the firft Inhabitants of Gaul^ Germany^ smd all rhe Nations of the
North and Wefioi Europe-^ and that the Gauls^ their Off- fpring, under
their Captain Segove fits yidionou([y ranged over allGerwtf;zjy,from whom
have fprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey. Divide'^ they
were into feveral Nations, and thefe alfo fubdivided into leffet Tribes.
The firft Nation of the Germans^ who made the Romans as well feel
their Swords, as know their Names, were the Cimhri, leutoms^ and
Amhroms^ upon their Invaiion of GaiddiXidi Italy^ who were overcome
and deftroyed by Marius.

I After this, C£far^ upon his Conqueft of France^ having paffed the

ikhine^ and provoked the Germans, ftirred up a tedious War ; all other

Adventures were eaiie to the daring Romans ; Nothing could give

check to oyer's Fortuue, only the Germans i> who at laft, were rather

; Triumphed over, than fubdued by their greateft Armies. How little

i was their Progrefs ? How inconfiderable were their Acquefts, after fo
long a War ? which continued for more Generations,than others lafted
Years : And indeed fome part of Germany^ viz. that beyond the Elht
"^nd Danube^ was never fo much as Attacqued. Endangered once by
JprufjHs in the Reign of C£far AugujiHSt but freed by the Vi(3:ory of
jffrminim-t and the death of Varrus and his Legions ; neglected after-
-^:^ards as a people unconquerable, or not worth the conquering. To-
wards the wain of the Roman Empire, the Names of the ancient Inha-
bitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguiftied through

^j5:iheir Fights and Butcheries amongft themfelves ^ their Tranfmigrati-

pns into foreign Countries, their affedlonand union into new Names,

^sind the Fleetings and Invafions of the Sarmatians^ and more Eafteni

f , people, Germany became confounded, and peopled with thirteeen, for

! the moft part differing Names, of the Saxons y Almans^ French, Thmin-
giens, Boioariansy Hunsy Lombards^ Avares^ Hungarians ^Danes^ Norvpe-
giansy Sitethide or Sclaves^ whofe Original Fortunes, Kingdoms, and
States iffuing from them, I muft refer for a larger Treatife of Geography,
if God permit. But the fatal period of theKoman Empire drawing on
apace, the Franks^ Burgundians, Almains, and other German Nations,
break through their Guards, difpoffefs the Romans of all GauU Rhetia,
and Noricum^ till in the end, the Frewci?? prevailing over the reft, extend

CL2 their

1 16 Of Germmy*

their Empire over all the Modern Germany^ chiefly by the Valour of
Charles the Great, created Emperor of the Well: part of France and
Germany, Afterwards in the time of Lodovkus Vtus^ the Son of Charles^
the Great, the Empire of his Father was parcelledout into many parts,
viz. haly^ France^ Burgundy^ Lorrain and Germany^ amongft his Sons .■
and Nephews, with the Title of Kings *, by which means, the King-
doms of Lorrain and Germany^ United in the Perfon of Lewii the An-
cient, were aliened from the French^ and poffefTed by the great Princes
oi Lorrain, Saxony, Su.ibia and Bavaria: As alfo by them difmembred
into many Principalities and Inferior States, all palling under the
Name of Alman^ or Germans.

Germany IS now bounded on the Eaft with Tolandznd Hungary ; on
the Welt with France^ Switzerland^ and the Seventeen Provinces -, on
the North with the Ba/fzcj^Sea, and Venmarkji and on the South with
the Alpf^ which part it from Italy.

The length whereof, from Eaft to Weft, viz. from the Borders of
Lorrain to Poland^ is y66 miles , the breadth from North to South,
viz. from the Baltick^ Sea, to the Southermoft part of Tyro/, is 657
miles of the fame Meafure, viz. 73 to a degree. 'Tis fcituate in the
Northern Temperate Zone ; the longeft day in the Southern parts being
1 5 hours and an half; in the moft Northern, 17 hours and a quarter.

'Tis a fpacious Country, and very Populous i the People of f\rong
Conftitution, of a good Proportion and Complexion ; very ingenious
and ftout, much given to Drink, but of an Honeft, Noble Nature :
The poorer fort great Pains-takers, and the Nobles either flout Soul-
diers, or good Scholars.

The Women are of good Complexion, but corpulent; good Bear-
ers, and fruitful Breeders.

The Title of the Father defcends to their Children ; fo that every
' Son of a Vifki is a Z>«%, and every Daughter of a Dutckfs is a Dmcbefs',
v.hence it follows, that the Nobility being too much multiplied, is
no lefs impoverifhed.

The Language here generally fpoken, is the High-T>ntch ; a Lan-
guage very Ancient, and hath lefs commixture with the Latin than any
which is ufed in thefe Weftern parts.

No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Ci-
ties, or more Pleafant and Healthful. A Country abounding with
Mines of Silver and other Metals ; plentiful in Corn, Wines, Salt^ Fkjh^
Linnen, ^ick^filver, AUom, Saffron, Armour, and Iron-worh^.

The Germans are excellent Mechanickj , eminent for Water- works,
Chymiltry, and Printing : Memorable is the Story of Regiomontanm*s

Wooden

Of Gtrmmy, 117

Wooden Eagle, that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor
Mjximilhn •, but efpecially famous is this Region, for the two Grand
Inventions of the latter Ages, viz. That fatal Infirument the (9««, hrft
found out by 'Benholdus Swart a Frier. The Myihry of Printing, tirft
difcovered by a Soldier.

The Religionof this Country is divided into Tapifis and Protefiants^
the latter again divided into Lutherans and Cahmjh.

About the Year 1250, the Empire being greatly diftra6i:ed into
many Fadions, each Fadion chofe a King of the Romans or Emperor.
The Empire thus fluduating for about twenty years , the Princes
met at ^tidlingburg^ and made a League cf defence together ^ and
meeting at Francfort they chofe Kadolphus Earl of Hapshurg in the Year
1270. who gaining ^«/?ri^, and other Territories adjacent, was the
firll Arch-Duke of Anflria, about 1280.

About the Year 1 500, the State of Burgundy^ which comprehended
alfo the Lorv'Comtries^ was by Marriage with the Heirefs thereof, add-
ed to the Houfe of Jnjhia.

About the fame time (under MaximiUan the Firft ) the publick
Courts of Judicature, called the Imperial Chamber, the Supream Tri-
bunal and Appeal of Juftice, was fixed at Spre^ and the Empire divi-
ded into Ten Circles,

About 151P. Charles the Fifth, Son of P/;i/i/> King of 5/?^i/7, Son of
Maximilian the Emperor, fucceeded his Father in his Efiates of Spain^
Burgundy^ the Lorv-Countries^ Auftria, &c. and by Eledlion, his Grandfa-
ther Maximilian in the Empire alfo. Under whom the German Empire
rofe to its greateft height and enlargement.

Under thisXJh irles all Germdny was rent into two grand Fadions or
parts, Roman Catholicks^ and Frotefants j occalion'd by Martin Luther^
born at TJlesby in Saxony, who firft only taxed the Abufes, and obferved
the Corruptions of the Churchj after makes a general defedion, Anno
1524. This was no fooner done, but the Reformers make a new
Schifm, and divide between Luther and Zmnglius^ 1524- which rofe
to two grand Fadions afterwards, by the name of Lutherans and Calvi-
nilis. Hence rofe other Seds alfo, pretending higher Reformation in
Religion i fo that in the Year 1525". tho. Muntzer occafions the Ruftick
War. And in the Year 1534. fucceeded the Anabaptijis at Mu)i(ier. And
in Anno 1547. began the Smalcaldick^Vil^t in Haffia, where C£far pre-
vails, and ruins their League ; foon after the Proteftants prevail, and
procure the Fajfavian Peace, Anno 1552. But in the Year 16 18. the
Bohemians rejed the Emperor , and Eled the Count Palatine King of.
Bohemia^ and Crown him at Fragtte. Hence the Bohemian War asofe, and

fpread .

1 1 8 Of Germany.

fpread over all Germany^ changed firft into the Saxon , then into the
Smdifh War, Anno 1630. The Duke of Bavaria overcoming the Bo-
hemians^ the Palatinate was ejeded out of the Upper Palatinate, out of
the Eledorfliip, as well as out of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Anno 1625.
the Duke oi Saxony is flain. Anno i<5^o. the King of Sweden enters
Germany in the behalf of the Proteftants, and Princes Liberty. 1 53 2.
The Kmg o^ Sweden^ and TzT/y the General of the Imperialifts, after fe-
veral Vidories and Conquefts, both dye. 1635. The Duke of ^^;>c^/2y
and Brandenburg make Peace with the Emperor : And the King of
Frtf«« denounceth War againft the Empire. Anno 16^6, the Duke
oi Saxony is flain, and the Imperialifts are driven out o{ Pomerania by
the Sxvedes. 1 6^p. Saxony and Bohemia invaded. The War continues
hot by feveral Sieges and Battels till 1648. when Mmjier Tre^iy en-
fues, and fo the thirty years, wherein had perifhed about 325000. was
ended. This Peace of Munfier changed the Empire to that State that
it is now at. For the King of Srveden carried away the Dukedoms of
Bremen and Verdin, Lower Vom.rania and Stetin., with other plates in
the Upper Pomerania, The Ifland or Principality of Rugen. The Ifle
of WoUin^ the River and Port of Odor, The Bailiwick of Poel and TSIevo
Closer. The Signioiy oiJFifmar ind iVildhafen mWejiphalia, &CC. The
King of France was to have the Cities and Bifhoprick of Mits , Toul
and Verdun, with Moyenvic, Pignerol, Brifac , the Landtgravedom of
Alfatia the Higher, the Bailiwick oi Hagenarp, and the Fortrefs of Phi-
liprburg. The Palatine of the Rhine is rtftored to his Eftate in part,
and made the Eighth Ele(fi:or,and High Treafurer of the Empire. And
the Proteftants were affcrted into full Liberty of their Religion > which
Name arofe in the Year 152^. at the General Affembly at fVormei,
when the Eledtor of Saxony, the Landtgrave of Hejfent the City of No-
rimberg , and others, protefted againft the Decrees of C£far , and ap-
pealed to an Univerfal Council.

Germany is now an Eledive Empire, wherein there are feveral Sove-
reign Eftates, of which the Emperor is chief, who governs by Diets,
which are almoft like the General Eftates of France. The Principal
Articles of the Government are contained in a Fundamental Law, or
Original Conftitution and Agreement, czWed Aurea Bulla ^ or, The Gol-
den Bull', which treats of the Eledion of the King of the Komans, the
Duty of the Eledors, of their Priviledges, of the Authority of the Em-
peror; and laftly, of the means to maintain the Peace and Repofe of
the Empire. This Bull is a little Book, the Original whereof, being
written in Parchment, contains 2 4 Leaves, and 30 Chapters ; and was
conftituted as the perpetual and fundamental Law of the Empire, not

Of Germ Any, 119

to be altered by the Emperor, no not with the Eledor's confent , by
Charles the Fourth 135^. The Eledion of the Emperor ought, 'tis
faid, to be made at Francfort upon the Mehi, though this Order, in the
laft Elections , has not been obferved. Befides the AfTcmblies that
concern the Affairs of the Empire in general, there are three other
forts ; that of the Eledors, for the Eledion of the Emperor : That
of the Deputies, whither the Emperor fends a Commiilioner : And
thofe of the Circles; like the Affemblies of the States in the great Pro-
vinces oi France. Of thefe Circles there are ten in the Empire ; that
is to fay, of Jujiria^ Bavaria., Suabia^ of the Upper Rhine 5 of the
Lower Rhine., Wejiphalia., Upper Saxony^ Lower Saxony., Franconia^ Bur^
gundy ; but this laft is now no more fummon'd. Every Circle has a
Diredor Ecclefiaftick, and a Secular Diredor, who prefide together at
their AfTemblies. Two or three Circles may meet when one of them
is attacqued from without, or in confufion within.

The Empire, as it retains the Title, fo it is almoft like that of the
Komans., though it contains not fo large an extent of ground. The
Princes that corapofe it are of five forts : The Emperor, who is now
of the Houfe of Aujhia., the Eledors, the Ecclefiafticks , the Princes
Secular, and the Free Cities : In the General Diets are three bodies 5
that of the Eledors, that of the Princes, and that of the Imperial Ci-
ties. There are reckoned above 300 Sovereignties in Germany^ who do
not acknowledge the Emperor, but only in point of Homage and
mutual Agreement,

The Houfe of ^K/?n^ has three forts of Dominion •, tho(e o( Aufiria^
which are Hereditary to him ; thofe of Bohemia., which he now claims
as his Right •, and thofe of Hungary, which he hath by Ele6tion. Out
of this Houfe of Aujiria the German Emperors have been Eleded for
above 400 years, ever fince the time of Hen. 4th, when the Lords of
the Empire began to undervalue his Authority, and Pope Gregory the
Seventh taking occafion thereby. Excommunicated him, and ordered
the Imperial Scepter fhould be given to another j Then the Germans
aboliftied the right of Succeilion, and aflumed to themfelves that of
Ele£l:ing the Emperors.

The Emperor, who is of that Houfe, ufually in his life-time, caufes
his Son, or his Brother, or his next Kinfman to be Crowned King of
Hungary, afterwards King oi Bohemia ; then if he finds the Princes dif-
pofed to it, he caufes him to be Elected alfo King of the Romans., that
is, his perpetual Vicar, and SuccefTor prefumptive to the Empire,

Without the Revenue of his Hereditary Territories, he would fcarce
have wherewithal to fupport hisDignityj for under theTitle of Imperial

Majefty^

I lo Of Germmy,

Mai'.M\y, he pvoflcfle? no Land : his principal Rights are the Elcdion
and Iiivctiituree:)i' Feorty,the Grant of Privileges, and the R.ightof Le-
pjtimaiion. He may make Laws, give Letters of (afe Condud:, eliablilh
Ports, m:^>kc Pjiiiamcnts, fettle Llnivcrhties, ered Burroughs inro Ci-
ties, create Oiilces, and out-law Cities by Proclamation. Lallly, He
may make Kings, Dukes and MarquefTes ^ and he is fuperior to all the
Princes of the Empire, who for that realon have a great refped for him.

The Elcdtors are Eight in all, viz. the Archbifiiop of Mayam^ Arch-
Chancellor of Germany^ the Archbiftiop of Treves., Arch-Chanctllor of
France ■, the Archbidiop oi Cologn., Arch-Chancellor oi' Italy-, the King
of Bohemia^ Great Cup- bearer ■■, the Duke of Bavaria , Great Steward i
the Duke of Saxony., Great Marfhal or ConlUble ; the Duke of Bravden-
B^^rjg/^, Great Chamberlain j and the Px'mcc Palatine, Great Treafurer.
Thefe EledJ'ors pretend that their Dignity makes them equal to the
Kings of Europe ; and, which is of greater moment, for that they Eledt
and Crown the Emperor-, after which the Pope, by ufurpation, pre-
tends a Right to contirm the Eleilion and Coronation. Four Voices
of thefe Eledtors furtices to advance any one to the Imperial Dignity:
and at prefcnt the King of Bohemia only has his Seat in the Ekdfion,
The Secular Eledors may not nominate themfelves. Nor can the Lands
of their Electorates be alienated. In the Houfe of Saxony the Ele-
<Sor(hip belongs only to the Eldeft, who (hares the other Seigniories
with his Brothers. The Elcdor ot Brandertbmgh is the moil Landed of
all the reft, next to the King of Behemia ; his Dominions contain above
two hundred German Leagues in length; but are for the moft part fepa-
rated one from another ; and by the late Combuixion, and the For-
tune of War, he is become the moli confiderable Prince of that Quali-
fy in the Empire, y^mn) looo. under Otho the Third , the Eledors
had fixed their Elecrorfhip, which firil began by permilLion under pre-
tence of avoiding Confufion, and for the good of the common Inte-
re(i ; fome tell us, that the Eledtors were Inftituted afcer the death of
Orho the Third. And others fay, it was in the time of Kodulph of
Hibsbufz. The Ecdefijjhcal Princes are, The Archbi(hop of Saltsburg,
the Grand Mafter of the Teutonick^ Order; feveral Biftiops, and other
great Prelates, Abbots and AbbefTes, who have no voice, but embody'd;
thefe Princes are almoii abfokite over the Temporality of their Bene-
hces ; neither has Chriflendom any Prelates fo potent as they. Their
Elections to their Dignities belongs to the feveral Chapters, wherein
neither the Pope, nor the Emperor, has any Right to intermeddle.

Among the Secular Princes there is the Arch- Duke of ^«/^rij, the
Princes of the Electoral Houfes, fome Dukes, Marqueffes and Landt-

g,raves

Of Germany, izi

graves : there are alfo fome Earls and Barons who differ only in name

and method of the Empire,

They have their Seat in a Body which has four Volets in the Eibtcs
of the Empire, But they have alfo every one their Voices in their.par-
ticular AiTemblies, and fome of them Coin Money. There are fome
Noblemen in Franconia^ in Saabia^ in the Country of the Rhine ^ and
in the Lower AlfatU^ who are as abfolute in their own particular Ter-
ritori :s, as the moft Potent Lords of the Empire in theirs i feveral Prin-
cipalities in Germany are polfefTed by one Prince alone, and many times
one Principality belongs to many. The Free Cities , which are fo
many Republiques, are of two forts, viz> Imperial, and Hans Towns.
The Imperial bear the Eagleof the Empire in their Arms, either entire
or divided; and they have a Right to fend their Deputies to the Diets
of the Empire, where their Corpora'^ion has two Voices. They ex-
c-eed the number of Fourfcore, and a- c ccntidered either as lying upon
the Seats of Suabia, or the Seats of che Rhine ; and they are thus divi-
ded from the feveral Seats where the Deputies of the Cities take their
places j the Deputy of the City oiCologn takes the Hrft place upon the
Mine-Se^tj and the Deputy oiRatishourn takes the hrft place upon the
SuabiaStdiX. : Some are govern'd by Noble Families, others live under
a Popular Government.

The HaHS Towns are in league together, to aid one another reci-
procally in time of diftrefs, as alfo for the maintenance of the liberty
of their Trade, and xo preferve themfelves from being ov.ircharg'd
with Impofitions by Foreign Princes 5 but that League at this day is
little regarded by feveral of rhefe Cities, whilft every one endeavours
to ftand upon their own bottom, and do their own buiinefs themfelves.
Of thcfe, Lukcl{^, Cologn, Brwifrvick^ and Vantzick^ are the four chief 5
Lubeck^m^y fummon all the refi together, with the Advice of five of
the Cities which are next adjoining to her.

The m.oft famous Rivers in C?rw^«)' are the Rhine.^ the Danube^ the
Elb^ the Odar^ the Fefer, and the Emf. The Rhine ^ Rhenus^ Cffar
Strah. Tlifu &c. Rhyn or Reign Germ. Le Rein Galiii, Rhino Italis^ ari-
feth OLitof the Alps in two Fountains, diitantabout a days journey a-
{uncier.. the one called the Vorder Rhine^ or Anterior Rhenm^ fourceth out
of the Hills of the Lepontij and the Mountain Luckmunier, The further,
named the Hinder Rhein, or Posterior Rbenus^ out of the ^Ips^ and the
Mountain der Vogel. Thefe meeting together about a German mile
from Chur or Coire of the Grifons^ afterwards continued in one Channel
towards the North by the Cities oiConjiance. BjJII, Spire, IFcrms Mtntz,
and Cologne encreafed by the way with the addition of feveral other

Pv. great

182 Of Germany,

great Rivers, unto the Fort Schenken Schans ; from whence it is con-
veyed into the Ocean by four Branches or Channels , firft of the pyael
by Nimmengen^ 'tiel and Bommel, until it lofeth its name in the Mae/.
2. The Lec^ into which thcRImn divertethat Vuerlhde^ and is carried
into the Maes betwixt Vort and Kotterdam. 3. The R^/«e extended
from Schiiik^n Schans by Hmffen, Arnhem and If^agening, unto Vmrfiede^
where the main River being diverted by the Leck^^ with a fmall Cur-
rent, it is continued by Vtricht , and through Holland unto Leydm^
where in the Sandy Downs betwixt it and the Sea,it leaveth its name,
and under another name of the Vlid it is turned towards the South,
falling into the Mms at Sluys over againft the Bnil. The fourth Branch
is the IfeU drawn from the Rhine near Arnhem^ and paffing by Zut-
phen and Vjventer^ falleth into the Zmder, or South- Sea, at Campn,
The main Channels of the Khhn in the time of C^far were the Kbim
which then fell into the Ocean, at the place where is now Catmck^ in
Holland. And the Vahatis or Wan^ making the Illand of the Batavians of
Tacitus, Chiefer Rivers received into the Khim are the Nech^r^ Nicer &
Nicarus^ Flav. & A. Marc arifing in Silva Nigra , or Srvartzrvald near
Rotweel , and falls into the Rhine at Manheim near Hi'idelberg, The
Main M£nHs Tac. out of the Mount Fitchtelberg paflSng the Towns of
Bamberg^ and IVurtzburg falleth in below Francfort. The Roer Rura.
Scrip. Belgis. in IFeJiphalia^ flowing hereinto at Vuisburg. The Lippe^
Luppia^ tac. Lupias Strab. rifing not far from Paderborn^ empties it felf
at the Wefcl. The Aar ilTuing out of the Alps of the Leponti near the
Hill of St. Gothard^ is difcharged hereinto near JFaldfhut. The J//,
EUhs Flavins.^ OMtot Sunt go w^ after the receipt of almoft infinite lelTcr
Rivers, falls in a little below Strasburg. The Mofclle^ MofellaTac. jiuf.
arifing out of the Mountains of Vauge at the Contines of Lorrain, is dif-
burthened hereinto at Cobkntz.

The Vonavp Ger. le Danube Gal. Vanubio Ital. & Hifp. Danorv jing.
Vanubius Polyb. Strab. Vlin. &c. arifeth in Schtvartzwald^ diftant about
two hours journey from the head of the Necl^ar^ and running Eaft-
wards through Suavia^ Bavaria^ Aujhia, Hungarian ~Bulgaria^ &c. after
above 1000 miles courfe it poureth into the E^/x/weSea, with a great
violence through fix Channels , according to Tliny , through feven,
according to Sol. Strab. and A. Marc. The lower part of this River
was called //Jer. Strabo puts the beginning of this Name at its Cata-
racts, Vtol. at the Town Jxiopolis. Pliny., where it arriveth at lUiri-
cum. Appian at the Confluence of it with the River Savus. The
greater Rivers received hereinto in Germany., are the Ifer^ Ifara. The
Leck^., Lycus. Inn, JEnus oi Ptol. The Nah^ otN^has^ and the M»rci^
or Moraus. The

Of Germmy- 125

The Ew/ Gitm, j4mh & Amufia Strab. Atnifus & yimafus Ttoi &
Pliny. It arifeth in IVejiphalia near Paderborn, and is disburthened into
the German or Britijh Ocean.

The Wefer^ Vifurgis Pliny^ Vifurigis Ptol. Bifurgis Strab. Iturgis Ovid.
hath its beginning in the Hilly Foncik oi Vuf-ingerfValdt ^ p.lTmg by
the Towns of Hamlen , Minden and Bremen , and having received the
Fuld^ and i\\tAVer^ floweth into the German Ocean ; the part rovvaids
the head is called PFierra^ Verra al. IVtrtz,

The E/^e, yilbiscii Pliny. Strabo^ &c. rifethoatof the H^ll Kifenbirg^
being part of the Sudafx, incircling Bohemia, and pafling by the Towns
-of Vrefden^ Wittenburg, Meydhurg , it falleth into the German Ocean be-
low Hambcurg ^ towards its beginning in Bohemia-, it is called the Lahe.
Greater Rivers which empty h reinto are the Muldaw ., Muldavia.
TheEgr^j, thtSaltza^ Salaoi Strab. Ihz Spree. Suivus C)( Ptol. Unto
this River reached the Roman Difcoveries, and the French Con<^u.&C\s^

The Odor., Odera^Viadrus Ptol. This arifeth out of the Hill Oderkr^
near Olmnniz in Moravia, palling by Brejliw., Glogaiv., Francford and Ste-
tin, with the Rivers Neiffi and Warta, received thereinto j it is disbur-
thened into the Fr//c/>/jdrjf at the twolllandsZ^/fc/t/w^andrfC/n with three
Mouths, Pfyn.y SveinevnA Viuvenoiv, and fo into the Eall or Baltich^S^^,

The chief Mountains of Germany were the Abnobi & Ahnjb£ ofPtoI.
& Plin. near the Heads of the River VanoTv., and the Neccar^ now called
Schrrartz-vpald by Scuto, and Die Baar. fViUychio.

The Sudat£ of Ptol. or Suditi. Vandalici Monies, Vioni, are the Hills
encircling Bij^fwi./, covered with the Woods Gabreia and Luna^ Wenden-
berg. & Fiechtilberg tejie Baud.

The Sarmatici Monies feem to be the fame with Sevo of Solinus &
Plin. and Carpates of Ptol. between Poland and Hungary. NowCrapac^
& Tarczal, & Ben Mmch. & Wartzgarten, & Biefcid & Scheneberg., Sne-
peji^ & B/es-fciady., Kuffis. Melibocus Mons., & latri Sclavis., Hartzrvaldt^
Pirkl^ermero: BrockersbergPeucero. By others Foge/x^«rg. The Hilly Coun-
try of Hc^en between Franconia and 'Turingia by B. Khenano.

Carvanc.K^ are the Hilly Trads of 'lirol and Carinthia., now Brenner
Pyramio.

The Albanns of Ptol. Albitis Strabo, are the Mountains of Stiriaj
now Schwanberger- Albn.^ or Affder Alben. Laz.

The B£bi Monies^ Ptol, are theCrabaten., or Krabaten Mount, in Croatia^
Cetius Mons ., fen Cejius., Uv. & Ptol. now Kalenberg^ or Hjlenberi!^ in Au-
jhia^ continued a great length between the Damp? and the Drj, and
diftinguilhed into fundry particular Names of Schieberg^ Veubfptrg, R-
rieberg.,Heng(ierberg or Heujiperg.,Semering & Plaitz^ The common bounds
fometimes of the Countries Nyric»«»5and P<3««i)«?j. R 2 The

1 24 of Germany »

The moft famous Woods were the Hercyni Cdf. "Tac. & Tlin. Hercina
Claud. It began after C£far at the Khiin^ and the Confines of Helvetia,
and was continued Ealiwards along thecourfe of the I)^«»^£, unto the
Dacii in Tranfyhania, containing (hen in breadth nine days journey, in
length more than iixty. Parts and remainders of this Wood, were all
thofe vail DcTarts and Foreft of the Vaci and Sarmata^ whofe parts
are Mirtiana Stlvj, were the Woods cov-ering the Hills /lhn,bi, and from
their dark fhades called Schirariztv^ld.oi the c-lack Wood.

The B^cenis of Cajir.^ the Semana Silva of Ttoh now D wringer tvaldty
ox S'dva Innngici., upon the Borders of Bohemia towards Bavaria.

Gahrct.4 Silva ?t9l, now Bchaimer-waldt^ or Silva Bohemica Mont, the
Woods cf the Mouut Sucl£L'e towaids tb.eW. & N.

Luna Sylva are the Woods of the SiHl£t£ towards Pajfan>, and the
South.

The Cborography of this great, but Heterogeneous Country, as was
faid, is divided into m:.ny Elktes, and thofe Eftatcs abiolute or inde-
pendent. For the better Survey of which, we vviil contlder Gerw<2«j/
in three great Parts, viz. Firfi, Germany about the Rhine: 2dly^ Ger-
many about the Danube ; atid ^dly^ Germany about the Elbe and Oder.

Let us begin with Germany about the Bhine ; and Hrf) with the Fre^e
County of Burgundy., now the French County.

FRENCH County.

ACountrey, Hilly and uneven, rifing with continual Downs, and
Mountain's, covered with fertile Vineyards, (hady Woods, and
pleafant Valleys, watered with inlinite Brooks and Rivulets, purling
down the hollow bottoms thereof; every where fo fertile, that it is
called the Flower of France ; its chief places are Btjancon^ Civitas Vi-
fontienjif Ant. V>funtlo C£far. Vifontium Ptol. a fair City, of good ftrength,
a Univeriity, an Archbifhop's See, and Town-Imperial, feated in a
fruitful Vaiky betwixt two Mountains befet with Vines, upon the
Voux, with vvhofe ftrearas itisalm'-il encompafTed. 2. Vole^ Vola Se-
quannrum, a Town of great Strength, Riches, and Beauty, and Famous
for its College of Jefuits, fcituated upon the River Doux. Salino., fo
named from the Salt-fprings thereof, from whence mtinite ftore of
Salt is made and tranfported into the neighbouring Countries. The
Town is Orong, large, and fair, lying in a deep hollow Valley, amongfl
Mountains, upon the impetuous Rivulet Fcrica. Nozeretb is a fair
well- traded Empory, near tbe Mountainous Ridge of thcTonr, for-
tified with a iirong Caftle. Luxouti under the Vaugue^ is remarkable

^ for

Of Germany, 125*

for the hot Medicinal Baths ; It is divided into three Shires or Ballia-
gesof P(?/e, Poligny^ znd Fefoul ', belides, here are numbred 20 Wal-
led Towns, and about 160 Lord (hips. This Countrey was fubjed:
to the Princes of Aujirh^ of the Houfe of Spxin^ and under the Sfa-
ni(h Government, Befancon excepted, which was a To^vn- Imperial, and
belonging immediately to the Empire; But in the year i6d8, the
French King, under the pretence of his Wife's Titk, with afuprizing
fwiftnefs, conquered it in the midft of Winter, in Vck thin jifreen
days; one of the greateft adiions that ever was performed: It ama-
zed all Europe, and caufed ihtSpwiardio quit their pretentions to the
Crown of Fortu^al. However, the Treaty of Aixla Chapclle reftored it
again, but firft they difman^led all the iirong Places and Holds, and
would have deftroyed the ri^h Silt- pits, had not the Interpoiition of
England znd Holland prevented h but in the year 1674, Gray^ Wefuul,
a4id the lofs of other places, began the compleat Conquell: of that
Countrey, by the taking of Befancon , V.'le, Salin^ &C. j nor could
the Duke of Lorrain, and Count Caprara relieve it, tho they defpe-
rately engaged the Enemy at the Battel of Sieren,

Of L 0 R R A 1 N.

Orth of Burgundy lies the PriiKipality or Dutchy of Lorra'm^ Lo-
tbaringia^ Lottheringen, Lorreign j the Duke whereof is a Prince
of the Empire *, and the Countrey was reckoned as a Feudatory there-
of And by the Pyren£jn Treaty the faid Duke was to be reitored to
his Dutchy of Lorrain, with all the places and Towns which he had
poflelTed in Mentz., tout, and Verdun, furprized by Henry the Second,
King of France, and fince. But France after feveralnew pretences and
quarrels, in \66^^ Inverted Marfal by the Count of Gutche, the de-
livery of which by the Duke of Lorrzi/7,rho it calmed the tempeil:, yet
after contiiiual Incroachmentsupon his Jurifdiction, the Limits of his
Territories, and his Soveraignty it fdf^ one of the Fm;ci; Generals in
1(568, was ordered to feize his Perfon, had he not preferved it by
leaving his Dukedom, which now Fm/;ce pofTelTes it all.

The Countrey is very Woody, and fcmewhat Mountaiiious, ovcr-
fpread with the Branches of the Forelt Ardmne, and the Faague', fof-
iiciently ftored with all ncceffary Provifion. It affordeth plenty of
Iron, Lead, Tin^ and other Mineral j : Well ftored with Lakes and Ri-
vers, which are full of Fi(h •, alfo rtore of Salt-Pits, in which there is
very fine Salt, fweet in tafte, and whiter than Scythian Snow, and
brings yearly a Revenue of 1 00000 FrancJq^

Chief

126 Of Germany*

Chief Places whereof are Metz.^ the Vivodurum of Ptol. and Tac Civi'
tas Medio matricum of An*. Met£, & Mew, aliis : The Royal Seat fome-
times of the Fr^wc^ Kings of Aujirafia ot Wejirkk^ : An Imperial City
feated on the Mofel^ at the Confluence of the Seih River ; belieged
by Charles the Emperor, with looooo men, Anno 1552, but despair-
ing of fuccefs he left it, and afterwards carting olT his Empire, in the
Monaftery of Julius he ended his life.

It was the chief feat of the Mediomatrices of Ptol, the ivhdiomatrki
of Cxfar.

2. Toul. TullHm, VtoLCit. Lucorum & TuUo Ant. a Bifhop's See, and
a Town Imperial upon the River M/Ii; built by TmHus Hijiilius, as
the French Writers fay. The Metropolis of the Leuci or Liberia of Ca-
far, Lucan, and ?toU

3. Nancy, Nancejum & Nafwm Ptol. (He that confiders the Antomne
Itinerary, (hall ealily find, thit Antonius his Nefium, cannot be feated
in that place where Nancryum is now ; fo that Nafwm is not that which
we do now call Nancy, but a Town 12 miles dilUnt from it, not far
from the River A/o/j, in the Barroducan Province, commonly called
Nas, as appeareth by the Infcription of Stone digged up there; for
by the Ruins it appears that this N'as was formerly a very large City).
Seated upon the River Murra^ the Refidence formerly of the Duke,
once/lrongly Fortified, remarkable for the Difafter of Charles Duke
of Burgundy, who loll the Battel and his Life near her Walls, 1475.
taken by the Fre«c^ Anno 1^37. And^Anno i66i, her Fortifications
were Difmantled.

4. Verdun, Virodunum & Verodmum Ant. a Town Imperial , and a
Bifliop*s Sec, upon the River Meufe : Called alfo Civitas Verdunenfium.

5. Nicholaf, 2 miles from Nancy, if Walled, would be the faireft City
ill Lorrain. Blanh^nburg, by the French Blancmont, is a fair and pleafant
Town, adorned with an Ancient Caftle, and the Dukes Palace. Nor
muft I forget the New Fort built by King Lewis the XIV<;5>. called Saar
Louis, built upon the River Sare, between Vanderang and Sarbruck,.

Of C L E F E.

THE Eftates of theDutchy of Cleveland contained whilft it was
the entire Patrimony of thofe Dukes, i. The Dutchy of Clevej,
2. Of Julieru 3. O^ Berg. And 4. The Earldom of March,. Cleve was
made an Earldom, ^/7«(7 pi I ; for want of Heirs it devolved into the
Empire 1350. Charles the Fourth gave it to Adolph Biihop of Colea-^

Sigif

Of Germany, 127

Sigifmit fid the Emperor made it a Dukedom, 14 17. Its chief Places
are Cleve, Clivia, Cleef ineolk. 2 , IFefel^ JVefelia,

Of J V L I E R S.

TH E Dukedom of Juliers was United to Ckves by Marriage 1 495.
Its chief Places are Juliers ah Gulick^^ Juliacum Ant. belonging to
the Prince of Nevphmg. 3. Ah^nFlandris^ Ach GermanUj Aixla Cha-
pdle Gallts^ Aqwfgfona halis^ & Ar.uifgranum^ from its Hot Baths. Fe/e-
ra Ptot. & Ant. aliis. But Pyrammand Pighms tells us that Stamen \n
the Dutchy of CUves^ is the Vetera of the Ancients. And Simkrus will
have it to be Berc/^upon the P^hine.Thermdgirranihy Kheginnni. Deiiroyed
by Atiila, lince famous for being the Metropolis of the Empire of
Charlemagne^ and lor his Burial-place, and alfo for the Tomb of the
Emperor Of^j the Third, ruined by ih^ Normans ^S^^ dcflroyed by
fire I I4<5, and again 1224 it was fired ; i<52 4 it was taken by the
Spaniards j i6<,6 it was again almoft deftroyed by fire, viz. twenty
Churches and Chappels, and about 5000 Houfes. Now famous for
its Holy Relicks, and much vifited by Pilgrims from many parts, as
alfo for the Treaty of Peace i6<58. Two Leagues from Ak^n is a Mine
oi Lapis Calaminarls^ which hath been wrought upon for 300 years.

Mj/itefifis Vixat us, the Dutchy of Mont ot Berg^ its chief City is
Vnffddorpy a. Town and. Caftle, formerly the Seat of the Dukes of
Clives anJ Juli'rs &c. Here is alfo Duytsburg an Imperial City, Vifpar-
gifn^ Afcibiirgium & Difporumoi old.

In. the County of A/^rcJ^ chief Places are Soeji^ or Zoe/?, Sufatumoi
old, and Vortmund^ Iremonia & 'Dortmania, both free Cities. The
Dutchy of Cletes., and Earldom of Mircj^, belongs now to the Marquis
of Brandenburg^ that of Berg and Juliers to the Duke of Nervburg,
Me»rs IS honoured with- the Title of an Earldom, now fubjeit to the
King of England, as Prince of Orange.

Adjoining to thefe Countries, are the three Electoral Archbi- -
(hopricks ;

OfMENt^i,

i.'^T^H E Archbifhop oiMentz^ who is firft in Dignity, being Chan-

JL cellor of the Sacred Empire, and hath the Priviledg of

Crowning Csfar, except at Aix la Chapelle^ which then belongs to

the Eledorof CoUen. His JurifdicStion and Territories, like fome of

ous

128 Of Germany,

our DiojefTc-, lie^'jifperfecl in feverat Countries. His chief places are

M.mz^Of Miintx^Gsrmanis^ Mayenee GjUi^^ Magonza Italif, Mocomiacum
?toU Mignntiacitm Tjc. Mogontiacus & Mogamiacnm A. Marc. Cit. Moguti'
tiacenfis Ant. M-^guntia Rheginom-, Magontia Eutrcpio^ the Metropolis then
of ihc Province o[ Gsrmania prima Here, is (aid, was Hrft hivented
the Noble Art of Printing, by John Gutefiburg^ Knight, in the year
1 440. It was an Archbiihop's See in 745. And was taiien by the King
oi Srveden i<^^i, who there kept his Chr/jimof. An Academy 1481.
2 . Afchjfenbm^^ or AJciburgiam^ Afchaffinhurg the place of the Arch-
bifhnps Refidence. ^.Erfordin'turwgia, Bkurgmw Ptol tdh Pyramioy
Erphordia & Hzrcino Phordia & Erfnrdia^ Erfurdt Incolis^ Erford Gallis^ a
City large, rich, and populous, accounted amongll the chiefell: in Ger-
many^ Governed in manner of a Free States but in 166^ reduced
again to the obedience of the Elector of MeKtz.^ ( ope Gallorum ),
13^2 was founded an Univerfity.

Of C 0 L 0 G N E.

2. 'nr^H E ArchbiOhoprick oiCcllen^ a fair and goodly Countrey, lying
A upon the left fliore of the Rhine: Its chief Places are, i. Coin
Germ. Cohgne Gallis, Colonia Agrippinenfu Plin. Agrippinenfis Ptol. Co-
Ionia Agrippinenfis & Oppidum Vhiorwn Tac. Colonia Agrippina & Agrippi-
nenfis Ant. The Metropolis ot the Province of Germania Secunda, and
a famous Colony of the Romans brought hither in the Reign of the
Emperor Jiheriii^^ by Agrippina Daughter to C£far Germanicus^ and
Wife to the Emperor Claudius. The Rof»e of Germany, An Imperial
City, but does Homage to the Archbilhop. The Cathedral of St. Pe-
tcr^s is of vaft and liupendious greatnefs. C<efar*s Bridg over the Rhine
is one of theancientelt in Europe. Here alfoare faid to lye the Bodies of
the three Kings that came from the Eaft to wonliip our Saviour.
2. Bonne., Bona Ptol. C<i(ira Bonenfia Tac now the Reiidence of the Ele-
<3:or, Seated in a pleafant and fruitful part of the Countrey. This
Archbifhop is Chancellor of Italy^ and fecond \n Dignity. He is alfo
Prince and Paftorof the Countrey and JurifdicSion of Leidg^ a Coun-
trey very healthy and pleafant ; where are reckoned 25 Walled
Towns, and 1700 Villages. But the defcription of this Countrey I
{hall refer to that of the Spanijh Provinces, being intermixed with
them. And (hall here only fay, that Liege is feated on the River Maez^
near that Valiey wherein two Legions of Julius Gxfar under Sabinus
and Cotta were dellroyed by jimbioriz^ Captain of the Eburones.

Of .

Of GtrntAnyk i^^

Of T R E r E S.

5. ^TP'O this fucceeds the Archbiftioprick of 7ri(rj or Treves^ Bmc'
A. fis Treverenfif^ extended along the courfe of the M<fdk, from the
Confines of Lcrrain unto the Rhine, A Countrey rather pleafant tha;-)
fru'tful, hilly and full of Woods, rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron and
Lead; Chief Places are, i.Trkr Gcrm.7revej GaUis, 7reveri halts, Co-
Unia Treverorwn 7ac. Augu^ia MJa^ jiugujia Trevcrorum Piol. AagHJia Li-
bera Pliny. T'reveris Salviano-, Civitas Ttevernmm Ant. th-c Mctrcpoli'?
then of the firll Bdgica^ and Refidenceof the Vicar-General of Caul^
feated upon the Mufelle^ now an Archbifhop's See, and chief of the
Countrey, whofeBiftiop is Chancellor of Franceiox the Empeior. Built
and named from Trtbeta^ Brother to Nwus King of AJfyria, Anno ante
Chrifium \<\Ci6^tefte Baud. Its ancient Inhabitants were the Trfwr? of
C<£/dr and Liv. the Treveri Plin. & MeU^ the Trcviri Ptol. 2. Cohokntz.
al. Coblentz,-, Legio prima Trajana Ptol, Cunfluentes Ant. feated at the In-
flux of the River Mofelle and Khine, A Town populous and v/ell
built, the Countrey about it very pleafant and fertile. 3. Hermanjhin^
Hermanni Saxum^ alfo Ernhretjieitij or Erenhreitjiein^ a ftrong Caftle,
notable for its long Siege, ii53<5, oppolite to Cobkntz..

Mount- Royal upon the M^/t/, built by the King of France^ is a mo-
dern and llrong Fortification.

Of the Palatinate of the R H I N E.

NExt to thefe lies the Palatinate of the Khine ; Palatinm inferior
Rbeni, Pfdiz, die Rhein., or Nder Pfaliz. Germanic Palatinst die
Khin, Gallis. This Countrey ( before thofe unhappy Wars betwixt
the Empeior Ferdinand the Second, and Fredcrick^ihc Fifth, Count
Palatine of the Rhine., ■ whereby it was much ruinated ) was account-
ed the moit fruitful and pleafant of all Gmnany efpecially for its ex-
cellent Rbcnijh Wines. Chief Places are Plcidelburg, Hddclburga, by
fome thought to be the S»i/^nxof Ptol. Some Authors call ic Eddberg^
which lignities the Noble Mountain ; Orhers Etdhherg. which iigni-
fies the Near Mountain ; feared on the South- fide of th River Ncccar^
in a Bottom, amongfi Kills. It was an Univerfity, ever fince the year
1345, founded by Rupert Count Palatine.^ and much frequented. In
the great Church was kept that famous Library, which was after-
wards carried to Rome, and added to the Vatican. Upon the Town-
houfe is a Clock with divers motion?. The Eledor Carolus Ludovi-

S exs

j50 ^/ Germany,

cm was Knight of the mod Noble Order of the Garter, Great Trea-
furer of the Errpive, and together with the Eledor of ^^^^w^; Vicar of
tht Empire. By the Treaty of Mnnfter i6^S. he was reltored to the
Lower Pahtir.ate. In his PaLce or Caftle of Hndelburg are divers
things renrark^ble; viz, the Grotes and Waterworks. The Great
Tun which contains about 2co Tuns. Other places zit Mxnhcim^
Mifihtmium, a Town ai>d flrong Fort at the Confluence of the Neccar^
or A^.^^r and Rhine. The Bridge over the Moat of the Cittadel into
the Town is alfo remarkable. Not far hence ihnds the old Calile
Tfzltz., wheace the Palatinates feem to have their Name of Pfaltz-
Grave.

Within the Limits of this County, and intermingled with the Lands
of this Prince Palatine, are the Bi(hopricks of, i Spiers, Neomjgm of
Ptol. Noviamagus Ant. Nemetes Ca?l. & Phn. telte Rhenano. Sptra Ita-
lis, .^pirt Gallis, famous for the Imperial Chamber there kept, hxed
at Francfrt in the Reign of Maxini'lian the Firft, afterwards at WormSf
and now lalily in the Year 153c. tranflated hither. 2 Ot Worms
'Borbetamagus T tol. & Birmitcmcgus. Cit. Vangionenfij & Wurmeafis of
Ant. Latino Wormacia, famous for the many Imperial Parliaments there
formerly held as aforefaid •, near which place Adolphus, Eail ot Naffarv^
the King of the Romans.^ was flain in the Year 12^2. by Albert Duke
of Anuria. There is alfo belonging to this liiihoprick of 5/)/re,(7^f «/:?«>»,
or Vdenheim Ger. Philips burg Gal. Neomagus Ptol. telle J. Heroldo i taken
by the Gem;^«/ from ihc French i6y^. Surrendred to the French i6b8.
In theGarifon were 1500 Soldiers , 104 great Guns, 150 weight of
Powder, and Provihons for feveral months.

While the Dauphin was bulied in this Siege, the Marquefs of Bmff-
lers, and the Baron of Monclar, made themfelves Maheis ot all the
Places round about, and put Gariibns into Sftre, Mayence^ Creufmach^^
Baccarach ^ Hey del burgh , and feveral other Places as far as Hjylbon :
great Contributions were demanded out o^ Franconia^ looooo Crowns
of the City oi Frankfurt ^ 500000 of the Duke of Wtrtemhergh. But
in June 1(589, we had the News that the French had laid the Cities of
Spire, Oppe/'.hcim^ V/orms ^ud Franksndale in '''flies.

Weft of this Palatinate, if not belonging to it, is Ztmeyhruch^n Inco-
lis, Veuxponts Gallis , the chief City of the Dukedum ot the fame
Name, by others called the Dukedom of Bipmts. Charles Gujlavus was
Sonof ^^/:?« Cafwier. a younger Biotiier to the Duke of Zuueybmck^. but
whether it belongs to th& Swedes, or Prince of Newbnrg. I do not cer-
tainly find; 1 thmk it v.as taken by the French much about the time
that the Prince of Lutzeljiein received a French Garifon, 1 674. To this

alfo

Of Germiny. iji

alfo let us add the Lantgrave of I)arm(iadt , who has a Voice in th^
Aflemblies, and is of the Houfe of Cajfel.

Of J L s A r I A,

SOuth of this Palatinate lies the Province of Alfaiia^ Elfafs, or El-
fatz Germ, yilface Gallis , a Country that fcarce yieldeth to the
beft in Germany for pleafure and fertility, abounding with Corn, Wine,
andfundry forts of delicious Fruits. It is divided into the Upper and
Lower Mface, to which the French Geographers add Suntgorv and Brif-
gow^ though all other reckon the latter to belong to the Circle of
Schivaben. Chiefer Towns in the Lower Elfjtz are f-Feiffanborg , Jlha
Sehufiana^ feu IVaJJemburgum^ a fair Town at the foot cf the Mountain
Vogefuf, fortiried by Nature and Art. Hjgenaxp Hagenoia^ once both
Imperial Towns, now fubjed: to the French ; as is Zabem, Tabern<e^
Ant. once the chief Seat of Jufiice of the Bifhop of Strasburgh. But the
chief City of all Alfatia is Strasburgh^ populous, ftrong, and well built.
The Church is one of the Wonders of the World, for the bignefs, the
fumptuoufnefs, and the marvellous heighth of the Steeple, 574 foot,
and the inimitable Strudure, The Arfenalis alfo veryconfiderable, and
well provided with all forts of Ammunition and Arras ; yet furrendred
to the French 1682. The Argentoratum of Ptol. & Cit. Argenioracenfi-
um Ant. Argentina Italis. A Biftiop's See, and Imperial City. In the
Higher y4//^//^, dixe Schleflad, Schle^adium, JE/ce^^of Ptol. & Ant. Col-
mar built out of the Ruines of the Argentuaria^ of Ptol. & Ant. deftroy-
ed by AniU and the Hms. Enfijheim, the Vruncis of Ant. The Upper
Eljatz belonged wholly to the Arch- Dukes of Aujiria, the Lower to
the biftiops oi Strasburg. Both challenged the Title of Lacidtgraves.
But fince the Treaty of Munjier^ the French have enjoyed the greareft
part. Chiefer Towns in Suntgow are Mulhaufen^ a Town Imperial,
confederate with the Smtzers^ noted for its Gardens and Mills. Mnt'
beViard, Mons Belligardus^ Montptlgard GQrmsinis^ ftands upon the Con-
fines of /^Ifitia and Burgundy^ and was fubjedt to the Duke of Wirtem-
hmg^ until it was feized upon by the French ; it is noted for its frrong
Fortrefs, and for a Difpure between Bt&d; and Jac. Andrea, zXhsSchmid-
liaus. Chief Towns in .Br//g,;n7 , or Brifgovia, beyond .he Rkhe , are
Friburg^ FrSurgmm a Univeitiry, built by the Dukecf Zrm'^c;;, 1 1 12,
now polTefled by the French \ not far from whence :.re to be fcen the
Ruins of Zeri/7^p«Caftle, from whence the ancient Duke^ were Entitled.
Brifach^ M^ms Brifiacm Ant. a Fortrefs then Qi tht Romans .. novv of th^
French > and well fortihed. But Fort Hmingen near Bafd.^ and Fort

S 2 Lems

I r 2 Of Germany.

LervU in the Rhine, not far from Badai, are the ftrongeft Fortifications
in this Country.

Come we now to the Eftates beyond the Rhine ^ under which we
will take in Franco nia. Haft a, and Wefiphalia.

Of the Circle of Franconia.

TH E Circle of Frj«Co)«i;z is divided into three parts, viz,, i. Into
EccletiaiUcks. 2. Laick. 3. Imperial Cities. So that 'tis go-
verned by many diftindt Princes, fome of greater, others of lefs Power
and Dominion -, but the Title of the whole is given to the Bifliop of
Wirtshtirg. A Country hedged on all fides with Forefls and Moun-
tains, within plain, healthy and pleafant, tolerably fruitful with Corn
and Wine. Thechief of theEcclefiafticksare, firft the Bifliop oiWirtZ'
burg , Bilthumb. Wmtzhurg incolis , Evefclie de Wurtsbourg Gallis.
Whofe chief places are WurtTjhurg. Herbipoli^ quail Herebipolli, IVinz^-
burg quafi Mnjhpolis, olim MjrcopAis. dc Tdapolis, tefte Irenico. d>c At-
taunum Ptol. teiie Petro Apiano, feated upon the Main in a pleafant
Plain, environed with Meadows, Gardens, and Vinie Downs. 2. The
Bifliop of Bamberg, Gravionarum Ptol. tefte P. Apiano. Bamberga &
Pamberga & Papeburga, in Script. German. This City is large, fair,
and entirely Catholick. The Bilhop is the firft of the Empire, itac-
knowledgeth no Metropolitan, but depends immediately upon the
Pope. 3. Mfrgenthcim, APr^etkeim & M'rkenthal, & Mariental, Merge-
thum feu Maru Vomuf, the Reiidence of the Great Mafter of the Tiuto-
mc\Ordir. Thefe were fome German Gentlemen who waited upon
the Emperor Frederick^xht Pirft in his Expedition to the Holy Land ,
who took the Croifado, and were It^ftalled at the Church or Hofpital
of St. Mary JmifaLm^ and called Ail/rwrnV?/. - Their Order differed no-
thing from the Templers of St. John , but in form and colour of their
Crofs. After the taking of J^mfjhm by SaUM.'.e, ihefe Knights went
to Ptolomais ; from whence Frederick the Second fcnt for them into Ger-
many to fight againli the Prujfims and Livonians , who at that time
were Pagans i which War began in the Year 12 10. In a littlt while
after thefe Knights had made themfelves Mafters of a Country of very
large extent, and obeyed the Order till i525. at which time Sigif-
tnund. Kingof Po/W, gave the InveAiture of Pruffta unro Albert Mar-
quis of Brandenburg. In the Year i 563 the Great Malkr became Se-
cular again, and tookpartof the Lands fubjedi to the Order, with the
Name of Duke of Courland.

4. The

Of QtrmAnj, ijvj;

4. Tiie Bithoprick of Ekhdadt, or Aichjiadi, Ala NM'ifca Ant. 6c
Jureatwn^ tette Gafp. Brocio, near the Vamtbc. The chief of the
Laicks are the Marquefles of Cullemhach and 0 ii s bach ^ the Connts of
H)lac, WiTtheim and Erpach^ or Erbacb, who find their Original from
a Daughter o[ Charlemagne^ who married to a Gentleman after ilie had
carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace. The Im-
perial Towns are, i. Nuremberg, Norimberg, Nurnberg Germ. Neroher-
g£ & Norrcomm Motif , Norica C£fari. A place of great Trade, and
well frequented by Merchants. The fairefl, mod: piiviledged, richeii,
and befi governed in Gtrmzny. Here the new chofen Emperor ougkc
to hold his hril; Diet ^ and here are the Ornaments ui'ed at the Coro-
nation of the Emperors, viz. the Royal Crown*. The Dalmatick
Gown : The Imperial Cloak, &c. Here was MjximilLins Wooden Ea-
gle, that flew a quarter of a mile, and back again. And here the Bur-
gers have power to imprifcn their Children, and caft them alive into
the River. Here Charles the Great defigned to make a CommLmicatiou
of pafiage between the Dw«^e, and the Rhine^ by joining the Rednitz
and the Atmul Rivers, whereby there might have been a Commerce
by Water from the Low Countries to Vienna., and even unto the Eaxrne.
But Tome inconveniencies in the attempt, and his Warlike Diverlions ^
made him give over that noble Defign.

2. Frankfort.^ Francfort , 01 Franckf^rt. Fraucofiirtum oc Francphordia,
Hdenofolis ^ olim Jray-:Clui Fryncormn, Tiie pafTage or Ford cf the
Frati]{t. A free City, and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by moft
Geographers, though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher
Hhi.is. I'- is renowned for its Book-Fairs , or Marts , in March, and
in September, For its Fortrefs, and for the Elefiion of the Emperor.
It is a large and ftror.g place, divided into two parts, Frafikfitrt and
Saxenhaujen, by the River Me;«, united by a Stone- Bi id ge.

Other Imperial Towns in Franainiaj are i. Schrrinfurt^ Suevorum
Traje&iif, SvPtnfnrdia & Si:vinftirtum, {eatcd in a fruitful Soil. 2. Ro-
tenhu^g al. Tukrum, feated upon the River Tauber, which fome fay is
like Jerufalem for its Scituation upon Hills, and for its many Turrets,
5. Weinjheim Viniftma di Vinflnmia lf^in(haim. 4. Alidorff 2l Univerfity.^^.

Of H A S S 1 A.

ADjoining to Franconia on the North-weft is the Landgraveihip
ot Hejfen, oxHajfia, of a healthy Ait, and a fruitful Soil in Corn
and Pakurage. Some Authors would have it fo named from the

Caftiani^

, . ^ Of GermAny*

(Ltians, who did inhabit this Country by changing the Letters ;
v/h'-nce it is yet called Caxzin-Elhogem Beam Rhenanm, Lib. i. iaith,
thst the H4uns coming out of High Germany, and havnig expelled
the Cam, did polTefs thefe parts, and called it after theu; own Name.
There is none but the H->ule of Hfe that takes its chief Title of Laiid-
eraviate from thence. That of Alfatia was transferred to the King
■ ot Frxncc by the Treaty of Munihr -, that of Lmchtmihrg to the Houie
of Bavina by the Marriage of Duke Albert with Matddis , Heirefs of
that Principality ; That of "Ilmmgia belongs to the Duke ot Saxony i
that of Saufmherg to the Marquifs of Badm 5 and that of NoUemboHrg to
the Houfe of AHJhia ithe Count of Fmjiemberg takes upon him the qua-
lity of Landerave oi StiHinguen and Bath j and the Counts of Saltz^tc
ftvled Landgraves of Klegen. Hafta was heretofore only a County
and part of the Principality of rburima. The greateft part of
the Country is now divided into two Families, the one ot CaJJgl, -
the other of Vamiiat of the youngeO WoMk-, chief places belong-
ins; to the Landgraves, are Caffel, Cajfella & C.ffiUa. CajieUa Catto-
rum & Stereontium Ptol tefte Pvramio upon the River Fuld, the
chief Seat of the Landgraves. 2. Marpmg. or Manpurg, Marput-
Hum & Martis-burgam, Matuacum Ptol. telk Ortel. &C Amafia, Baud,
uoon the River Lohn, an Univerfity founded in the Year 1426. by
Lems Bi(hop of Mwifter. Here the Landgraves have a ftately and mag-
nihcent Calile, mounted upon a high Hill without theTown^en)oying
a pleafant profped , and one of their chief places of Refidence
q P^rmfW with its Caftle, is the Seat and Inheritance of the youngeft
Houfe of the Landgrave. Part of this Country of HeJJen belongs to
the Abbey of Fulda, one of the richeft and moft celebrious m Europe,
Jnm 1640. it was taken by Bannkr, and here he heard a Voice in
the Air, Be gone, Bannier, be gone, fornorv the time u -, yet he lived to
set that Vidory at Homberg in Hafta, between Fndber^ and Francfird ,
But at the Battel near the River Sale, valorcufly detending a Bink,.
he was forced to yield, and goeth to Halberjiadt, where voiding much
Blood and Matter through an Impoftume, or breaking of a Vein he
put an end to his lite, and to all his toyl and labours. This Abbey
was founded by St. Boniface an Engliftiman : This Abbot is a Prince
of the Empire, and Arch-Chancellor of the Emprefs, calls himfel^n-
m^ttoi Gallia-, his County is called Bmhen, Btichovta {wn^thcjpknty
of Beeches. To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfdd betwixt
Ueffen and the Rhine, and intermingled lies the Coiifederation oiW^:t'
tcraw, or a Combination of many Elktes, viz. i. Earls or Counts ot
Njjfiw, from whenee-thelllultrious Gmve xV/^wwe, and other Pnnc«

Of Germ Any. i j^

of OrAng:^ are defcencIecJ, who has made the World unJcrfland, That
the Kings of Smn and francz are not invincible \ but have bravely
ftopt their Care'ir when they were driving apace to theliniverfal Mo-
narchy. This County of iV^off^H?, of old iVdj^^arp, contained only a fmill
parcel of Ground, but ot lare Ages has grown up into a conliderable
Principality by the acceliion of the Counties of V/iilhurg^ Idihin, IFifs-
hadtn^ Villenberg^ Bdiljiein^ dec. And therefore ulually called Najfarv
Catzendhogen. 2. ^y/wj-, well allied. 3. Hi/iatv^ the Counts whereof
have large Eftates, and a Juftice from which their Subjeds cannot ap-
peal. 4. To this Country belongs rhe Counts of Waldcck, rubjedt to
the Lantgraves. The Birons of Limhorg have a Title of Sempcifre.
The Counts of Swartsbourg are great in Riches, with many others.

Of W E S T P H A L I J,

Contiguous on the North of Hiffm lies the Circle of U^cfiphalia ; ^
Country full of Woods, which nourilh man) Swine, which
make excellent Bacon ; and abounding as plentifully in other places
with Corn. This Country is divided among the EcclefiaSlicks, Counts
and Imperial Cities. The Bilhops arr i. Mmiier ^ a City fcated on
the River Ems, Mmajhrium al. Minigrado & M'mingrade^ built by Charles
the Great. In the Year 1533. called N'^w Jerufalem by tac Anahaptifis,
and their King Jjhn oi Ley den , King o{ Sion, who being at laft be-
fieged and taken, was put on the top of a Steeple in an Iron Cage,
where he was eaten up by Flies and Wafps, together with two of his
Companions. 2. Of Padcborrh or Paderborn incolis, of a miraculous
Foundation. 3. Mindcn^ Minda, once a BiQioprick, but now fetlcd
upon the Marquels of Brandenburg with the Title of Prince, by Mim-
fter Treaty , as alfo is Ferden, 4. Of Of>iabruc}{, or Ofenhrug, Ofnabru-
gum (twOfnabrucum^ fo made 77^. a Carola Migno. The alternate pof-
feffion whereof is given to the Duke of Brunjrfick^ioi his Ceffion of his
Biftioprick of Hjlberjiat.

This Circle of Wefiphalia is faid to contain four Dukedoms, viz»
Weilphalia, under the Archbilhuprick of Crillm, whofc chief Town is
Armsberg. 2. Berg. 3. Cleves. 4. Juliers ^ which we have already
treated of.

The chief Counts of We\lphalia^ are firft oi Eafi-Frieflatid, who it^
the year 1653. was raifed to the Dignity of Prince . whuie Seat is at
u^urick^, or Amicum. 2. The Counts or Prince ot Oldenburg^ & Vtlmen-
horft, are totally extinguiflied by the death of Anthony Gunther, in the
Year i6'y6. However famous, in that the Kings oi Denmark, ^'^^ ^^'

fcend^d..

•i ^6 Of German)'.

Tcended fiom it ever fince Chrijiun Earl oi Oldenburg was chofcn King
of D^nnia>\^ Ann. 1448. 5. Of Schaypenburg, under the Count of
Lippe. hhrk^oc Ravensbmg. undet Brandefibcrg. H:iyj under Lttnefihurg
and Iljfe. Ltnge under the Prince o'l Ormqe. Emmerhnd in part un-
der the Dutch. Kithiirg & Piremmt under the Count of L//'/'e, Ben-
theim, Bjrchllei!f.)ri., B.hcdj^ lecklenb.irg , I'Vi^d , Brankhorjl or Gromfeld^
■'Dil'ebji'^, J)/ephj!tj M^ndcjchdd^ 8cc. under their own Counts. Ab-
bies, 'liz,: Cor bey., Fjjen^ &c.

The tree Cities are, i. Emden^ the Amafia PtoL tejie Chverio. 2. Her-
Tcrdefi. 3. Brjl^, 4. Soeji. 5. Vmrnund in the County of Mark^
6. Lmigon? in the County of Lip. The Title of ff^ejlphalia as Ducal is
ullirped by the Arbifhop of CoUaiy ever fince the prefcription of DuJce
Henry., Sirnam°d the Lion.

Our fccond Divilion of Germany was that of the Vumtbe., wherein
miy be comprehended tirft Suaia Italis^ Scharaben Germanis-^ Sovabe
Galiis.

Of the Circle of Suevia or Almaigne, Scljwaben IncoUsj

Sovabe Galits,

THE Circle or Dukedom of Schrvaben or Almaigne., for by thefe
two Names the ancient Dukedom was called ; The State was
ereded under this lali Title by Clovis King of the French. The firft
Dukes were but Governours under the French during pleafure. After
tne divilion of the French Empire by the Sons of Lrnvj- the Godly ^
and that the Empire was rranlhted to the Germans., they became He-
reditary. The rirlt that trar.fmitted this Honour to Polkrity was Fre-
dcrkk^thc Firft, created Duke o( Schtvaben, or J'mjigne by He/;ry the
Fouith. Conradinm, taken Prilbner in Itjly in his Wars ag^inli Charles
Duk^of /Injnt. and afterwards beheaded zt Naples , without Heirs,
was the lali Duke of Schrvaben^ and in whom ended the Succellion and •
Family of the F.WtnV^f. After this Difalier the Dukedom for want
o! Heirs falling to the Empire , became fcattered into fundry leiTer
States- viz. Eccleliafcicks, Laicks and Imperial Cities. The Biftiuos
A.'c, I. Of J^fsbourg., whofe Pvefidcnce is at Villrng. i. Of Conjiance.,
vv'hofe Rtlidence is at Mersburg. 3. Of Ccire in the Grifsns. Other
Grand Prelates are, hrll: the i\bbot of Kempton : 2. The Grand Prior of
the Order of Ahltha, whofe Pvefidence is at Heitcrfheim about two
Ocnvan Miles South of Brifach and Friburg.

The Sucuhr Princes are, 1. The Duke of Wirtenburg^ who was raif-
ed t ) Ducal Dignity in a Diet held at Iforms 14^5:. He hath a Coun-

Of Germany, 137

try where the Mountains abound in Mines, Vines and Woods. The
Forefts of Schrvarz-ivaldt^ are well ftored with Timber-Trees, Game
and Venifon of all kind; the Vallies are a continuation of Meadows,
covered withCattel, and watered with Brooks full of Filli j the Pkins
are thick fee with Gardens like thofe of the H.fperidef. His Pvefidence
is at StHtgard, Stutgardia^kittd near to the Nech^r. There is no where
to be Teen fairer Rows of Orange- Trees, Grotta's better contrived and
beautified, Fountains more artificial, nor Fruits more pleafant to the
fight or tafte than here. They that have been at "tubing, Tubinga ol. Att-
gujia^ know how many Princes, Counts, Lords, Barons and Gentle-
men have been bred in that Noble Colledge and Univerfity, where are
excellent ProfefTors in all Faculties, principally in thofe which are
worthy of IJluUrious Perfons. In this Country are reckoned 6-^ Ci-
ties, 1 5 8 great Towns, ^45 Villages, 537 Water-mills, ard 14 Ab-
beys of large Revenue. He hath a fair Militia of Horfe and Foot, and
many FortreiTes,

2, Of the Marquifate of Baden and Dttrlach : The Marquefs cf Baden
after the death of Philip the lai^ of the Hochbergian Branch, was united
into that Amo 150^. who dying in the Year 1515. his Lands were
parted between his two Sons Bernard and Er/^fjf, who are now the
Heads of two piincipal Branches, into which this Houfe is divided,
viz. Baden 3.nd Dourlach, whofe Country lie^ adjacent to the Khine^ in-
termingled up from Bafil to Philipjhurg, a Country pleafant, and Soil
fruitful ; chiefer Towns are Baden, giving name to the Country , and
fo ca-lied from the Hot Medicinal Baths thereof. 2. Vourlachj the Ti-
tle of the fecond Son,

5. Of the Counts of HohenzcVeren : The Lords of this Houfe arc
Hereditary Chamberlains to the Emperors iince the time of Maximilian
the Firil. Their Cafile of HohenzolJeren was ruined by Henrietta Coun-
te(s of fVirtemberg^Lnd MontbeViard, but re-edified about the Year 1480.
at which time Philip Duke of Burgundy, Albert Ele6tor of Brandenburg,
Albert Duke of Auliria, and Charles Marquis of Baden, laid the fiiii flone
of it, uiingaTray, a Trowel, and a Mallet, all of Silver.

The Counts of Fur\i ember g, who are very renowned in Hiftory, arc
both Princes of the Empire. The Marquifate of Burgaiv, or Buchaw,
whofe chief place is Gutsburg. The Counts of Helfelihin, having ilou-
ri(hed above 1000 years, expired fom:^ years Iince. llechberg whofe
chief Town is Gemund. The Counts of Ottinguen, or Oeiing, are di-
vided into two principal Branches, that of Waldenfiein is Catholick,
that of Oitinguen Lutheran. The Fuggers are not very ancient. Ko'
mgsie\\s new. The Papenbcimj are very famous. The B|jronies of

T Walhurg^

1^9 Of Germany,

Walburg^ Limhurg^ Jftjiingen, are confiderable. Befides thefe, there are
fome parts wholly belonging to the Empire.

Conjlance^ Co^Untia^ feated on the Bodenzee^ belongeth to the Houfe
o{ Aniiria. Anno 1548. it was outlawed by Charles the Fifth ••> and
is famous for the Council here held. Anno 141 4. where were aflenn-
blccl the Fmperor Stgifmund^ four Patriarchs, 2cj Cardinals , 345
Archbiftiops and Bilhops, 5^4 Abbots and Dodtors, i<5ooo Secular
Princes and Noblemen; 450 Harlots, ^00 Barbers, 320 Minftrels
and Jefters. The bufineis was the depofing of three Popes, Gregory
the 1 2th at Rome ^ John the 23d at Bononia^ and Bfw/je* the 1 3 th
in Spain, and fetting up Martin the Fiffh. And the degrading and
burning of Hurome of irague^ and John H«f , withour any refptdi to the
fafe conducft of the Emperor Sigifmund.

The Budcnfee by ?Hn. L<icMf Acronius & Brigantinus, is about 8 Dutch
Miles in Icjigth, and 3 in breadth, and in its greateii depth at Merf-
/?^r^ abour doo yards. At the ifland Mdnave^ in the Year iS/^j^
X.\\z Swedes digging, found a Treafure to the value of Hve Millions. Be-
low is the Lake Venetus of Vliny^ now called the Lake of Cf/, from a
Town of that nsme.

The chief and Imperial Cities of Schwahen are, Aushurg^ or Aujpurg
& Augshurgh ^ from Att^ujii Burgum, where Augullus fetled a Roman
Colony after Claudius Vrufms. Nero Germanicus had brought it into
Subjediion, Vntfo Magus of old, and afterwards Angufla Liberia. Au-
gujia Vmdelicorum Vtol. & Augufta Vindelicium Ant, famous for its Mag-
nificence, Town Houfe, for being a BiQiop's See, and Imperial. 2.Vlm^
Vlma, feated at the meetings of the Rivers Z/er, BhvezndL Danube i
of great ftate, large, rich, and well fortified, being fix miles in com-
pafs. Here the Danube begins firft to be Nivigable. Charles the
Great defigning to make a Navigable Paflage out of the Rhine into the
Danube, caufed a Ditch to be made betwixt the Rivers Kegnitz &
Altimul, two mile long, and 300 foot broad, not far from P.*penheim
and IVeifemberg^ where there are yet fome Remarks of that vain At-
tempt i for by reafon of the Rains , and Morifh Soyle, the Earth fell
down, and filled all up.

Kemptem Campidmum, an Abbacy, was the ordinary Refidence of the
ancient Dukes of Sjvaben, and the native place of Hildegardis Wife to
Charlemaigne.

Dinkelfpiel or Dunkespihel, upon the River Warnitz, was often taken
and retaken in the late Wars. Ejjingmn or Ezlingh, is a pretty Town
upon the Neckjr under the protection of the Duke of Wtrtenburgh. At
Ball is made great quantity of Salt. Hailbrm or Hailprun is an Impe-
rial

Of Germany^ 138

rial City , yet pays the Tenth of its Wines and Grain to the Duke of

Wirtemhurg.

Kaufbigeren or Kaufhunn bought its Liberty for 15000 Uvres. Lin"
darv ftands upon an Ifland in the Lake Confiance, and is joined to the
firm Land by a Bridge 2^0 Paces long, belonging to the Emperor,
who hath given it the priviledge of coining Money. Mcmmingen the
Vmfomagus of Ptol. is very ancient. Nortlingen or Nordlinghen is re-
markable for the Battel which the Svoedes loft i^^^. where General
Bjtt«/Vr was ilain, and Gufisvus Horn taken Prifoner. Rotmel^ for the
lofs of Msittid^l Guebriant i<^43. for being a Retreat to the Cimbri^
when beaten by the Romans. Wimpfz, or Vaimpina^ iignifying fFeib-
fpris^ for the unheard Cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here F'or-
tune triumphed over Valour, and Magnus Duke of Wirtemhurg died in
the Battel 1622, Guemtmdy Gaudia Mundiy noted for itsTurnaments,
and other Paftimes. Here are reckoned 3 5 Free Towns, viz, Baven-
fperg.BHchatVj upon the Lake Federfee^Biberacb^Fiullendorff^ Ifin Biichorn&
Vberlingen, upon the Lake Conflance^ or the Boden See. If^angen the
Nemaria of Antonius^ Offinhurg^ & Gengenbach near the Rhine^ &c.

0^ B A V A R I J.

TH E Circle of Bavaria^ Bayern Jncolis-, Baviere GatJis^ Bavkra Hifp.
& halts, Oltm Boioria & Vindilicia^ fo called by the addition of
one Letter from the Avarians the remainder of the Hwms, who having
driven out the Norkians^ feated themfelves in this Country ; and alfo
Bojarta from theBoj^/2/,a People o^Gatlia Cifalpina.who fometiraes dwelt
here. The Air is wholfome, and the Country is vleafant. The Na-
rifcians^ Vindelkians and Noritians were the firftlnhabitants ^ is divided
into the Dutchy and Palatinate. The Dukedom is divided info three
parts j the Higher, the Lower, and the Archbiflioprick of SaltzJbourg^
a Dii]rid,anddiftind Jurifdic^ion of it feltThe Higher Bxvaria is gene-
rally overfpread with Woods, cold and barren. The Lower fome-
what more fruitful, and abundantly more pleafant. In th: Upper Sj-
i'.^rw chief places are, Munchen^ Monacbmm, or M;/rtic^ upon the River
J/er, the Refidence of the Dukes of Bavaria, and one of the faireft Pa-
laces in Ewro/?^, enjoying a moft fweet and happy Scituation among the
Woods, Gardens and Rivers, famous alfo for its feizure by the King
of Sn>edeny who found a vaft Treafury herein. In the Lower Bavaria
are, i, Ingoljiat,) or Angloftadium^ a noted UniveT/ity, founded in the
Year 147 1. and is famous for putting the firft Aifront upon the King
oi Sweden inGermany^ and forced him to raife the ^iege by Lems Duke

T 2 of

140 Of Germany,

^ Bavaria. 2. Regenfperg^ or Regensbergh^ Katishone\ built by the
Third Emperor, Claud'ms Tiberius Nero^ called Tiberina, or Augufta Ti-
herii j in Antonius Regilkr called Cajira Regina ^ famous for the
Diets held there, and for its long Bridge ; a fair and large City, beau-
tified with a great number of Churches, Chappels, and other places
dedicated to Religious ufes. Tisa BiQiop'sSee, and Town Imperial.
2.Pajfaiv,Patavium,Bojodurum,Ptol.&^nt.2ind Batava of the Author of the
Notitia^ then a Garifon-Town of the Romans^ the ftation of the Cohort
of the Batavians, now a Bi(hop*s See, feated at the meetings of the
Rivets T>anitbe^ Inn, znd Ills, and divided into three Towns, Pajfarp,
Injiat, and Ilfiat.

Landfhat is a fair Town upon the Ifer. F> cifengen is a Bi{hop*s See,
feated upon a hill, Landfperg Is near unto the Alps of Tirol,

Bnnavert was a Free City till the year 1^07, at what time it in-
curred the Imperial Ban or Profcription, which was executed by the
Duke of Bavaria, who brought it into Subjedion, and holds it ftill
under his Laws.

Confined within the Dukedom of B^z/^m, lies the Archbifhoprick
of Saltz,hurgh, of a dry, rocky, ani barren Soil, feme frefhcr Vallies
excepted ; rich chiefly in Minerals.* The only Town of Note is
Saltzhurgh, Salishurgzim, al Jitvania of Ani. & Calirum Jitvavienfi of
the Notitia, the Manlion then, and tixed Retidence of part of a Co-
hort o( Rofnan Soldiers, now an Archbifhop's See, whofe Revenues
are the largeft in all Germany., feated upon the River Saltzjch, where
lies Interred the Body of Paracelftts. The more Ancient Inhabitants
were the VindiUci, Florus, and others.

The Countrey of the Upp-r Palatinate or Nortgnjv, from the more
Northern Scituationof it as to the Dukedom, is a Countrey rough and
hilly, rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron. A^nberg^ Ambcrga Cannabis, ftol.
tejh P. App. upon the River Ills, enriched chiefly by the Commodity
of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills. The Caftle of Luch-
iemburg mounted upon a Hill, gives Nime to the Lant graves (o called.
Pfreimbt is the chief Town of the Landgraves of Lmhtenberg. Nervburg
upon the R. Swart zach, is the place whereof are Itiled the Princes Pa-
latine of Ntivburg, the fecond Branch of the Houfe of the Eledor of
the Rhine, to whom this Palatinate did belong 5 burin the year 1523,
the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate, with
the Eledoral Dignity, from Frederick^ the Fifih, Count Palatine, to
Maximilian Duke of Bavaria, and the Munjler-Ttcdiiy confened to Ba-
varia the firft Eleftorfliip; and an eighth place was new ereded for
Charles Lewis oi the Rhine, provided that if the Gw/i^/wwe Branch hap--

Of Germ Any. 141

pen to fail before the Kodolphine^ the latter fhall re-enter into their an-
cient Eledtorfhip, and the new created one Ihall be wholly aboliflied.
There is in this Countrey the Mount Pinifer, commonly called Fitch-
tdbergh. being fix miles about i out of which there doth flow fouif
famous Puivers, the Mane^ the Nab^ the 5^^/, and the E^er, which
winding in the figure of aCrofs, do run towards the tour Corners of
thewoild. The more ancient Inhabitants were the Narifcioi Taciius,
afterwards the Boiearians, 01 Bavarians^ their hrll known Habitation.

Give me leave to add fome of the old Bavarian Laws. It was enadt-
ed. That the Judg, to the end he might judge rightly, fhould have
the Book of the Statutes, and that thereby he fhould determine and
end all Suits and Controverfies. Neither fhould the Jud^z.es refped:
Perfons or Gifts ^ but when he had judgtd righdy, he Ihould have
the Ninth part of the Com pofltion- Money •, but if urongtully, he
ihould pay twice as much as he had taken away by his unjuil Judg-
ment ; and moreover (hould be fined Forty fnillings. He that fold
any thing conliderable for a certain Price, Ihould fet down the bargain
in writing, and have WitnelFes thereunto. No Bargain or Sale, un-
lets it were free and voluntary, (hould be firm and currant. But I
muft jiot be burdenfome with the repetition of thofe Lrtws which
John Boeme j^uhanus has treated of at large.

01 AV S T R I J.

THE only Arcb-Dutchy in "Europe^ is Austria, or Oo^-rekh^ divided
into the Upper and Lower Anjiria^ and hath united to it, as He-
reditary poffJlionof that Houfe, the Provinces or Dukedoms of Sti*
ria^ Carintbia-, Carniola^ the County of Tirol^ with that of Chilly^ and
Marquifateof lFindi(h-Marc\.

The particular Dukedom of Auiiria^ extended oa both fides of ths
Danube^ is a Countrey pleafant, healthy, and abundantly fruitful in
Corn and excelleru Wines. Its chief Cities and Places are, i. Vienna,
Juliobona PtoL Vendnrn Strab, V'mdibona Ant, & Vnidomana of the Au-
thor oiNoHtia^& Alii Flaviana. Fabiaua Hyl. IVmiGer. IVetfeh & PetZi
Turcis, & Bjrcb tcfte Bforpn. Vknaltalis^ Waditn Polonis\ iVidoiBohemi^
VknneGaliis^ the IVIetropolis of Germany^ feated upon the South- fide of
theVanitbe^ the greatelt River in Ettrope. In Circuit about ^ooo Geo-
metrical paces. It is Famous for her UniveriJty, for four great Piaz^
za's. adorned with Marble Fountains and Statues 5 for its Cathedral
ef St. Stephen ( whofe Steeple is about 4^5 foot high, confifiing of
hewen ftone, and carved into various Figures of Men, Birds, and

Beafts 1

142 0/ GiTmrny.

Beafts ) the Emperor's Treafary, the Arch-Duke*s Gallery, the Trea-
fury of the Church, and the Sepulchre of Oth. The Arfenal, the Col-
lege of the Jefuits, the Church and Convent of the Benedidines, of
the Dominicans ^ and of the Francifcans^ are worthy of Piemark. With-
in the City there was alfo the Hochbrug^ or High-Bridge, which is
made by the croffing of two Streets at equal Angles , the ground of
one Street being as high as the tops of the Houfes of the other, fo
that to continue it, they were forced tobu.ld a Bridge or Arch in the
lower Street to pafs over. In the Suburbs, the greatefl Curiofiries
were the Favoritb, or the EmprelTes Garden •, that of the Biihop,
and of the Earl of Ihuun^ of the Prince of Aushurg^ and others ^ ihe
Church and Monaftry of the Carmdites^ of the Augujiines s the Her-
mitage of xht Capuchins y and the Spanijh Monaltry ; Remarkable alfo
for plenty of Wine, of Craw-hlh, and Salletsin Winter. 'Tis like-
wife accounted the Bulwark of thisCountrey againft the 7«rj^/, being
asftrong, as well fortified ^ built with part of the Money obtained
for the Ranfom of Richard the Firft, King of England, taken Priloner
in his return from Palcliine, by Leopold ihci\ith Duke of Jujhia. Fa-
mous for the Repulfe it gave Solyman, and the whole power of the
7'urkijh Empire, when of 2000CO Men he brought before it, he car-
ried away but 1 18000, Anno 152^. And as famous for this lafi Re-
pulfe of September the I2tb. i<583, for being clo(ely beficged by the
Prime Vizier with 200000 Turkj^ Tartars^ Cojfackjt and Hungarian
Malecontents on the 12^/:? of jMly^ i<^83, and as valoroufly defended
by that Magnanimous Hero, Erneftus Kudiger Count Startnbergh, as Go-
vernour, was then manfully relieved by the Invincible Prince. John
King of Poland, the Eledors of Bavaria and Saxony., the Duke of
Lorrain, Prince if^aldeck^, P. Salme, P. Louis oi Baden^ and the Marquis
of Brandtnburgh, Baraitb, &c. During this Sie^e, the lurkj were laid
to have loll 70000, and in the Bitttl more than 20000 men i that
the Chriftians loll loooo or 15000 during the 'iege, and about 3 or
400 on that great and lignal Vidtory, when the T'url{s formidable Ar-
my was totally defeated, their Camp ( which was infinitely rich)
their Baggage, Cannon, and Tents all taken, and Vienna happily re-
lieved, whsn brought to its hil extremity.

Other places in Aujlria are Lintz, Aradati of Ptol the Refidence of
the Emperor during the Siege of Vienna^ not great, but as r^eat and
handfome a City as moll in Gcrrrtany. The Houfes buih ot white Free-
Hone, and the Caftle is of the Modern Fortification. Here is a Bridge
over the Danube; beiieged by 40000 Peafants of Aujiria^ in the time
of Ferdinand the Second, at lafl overcome by Papenheim,

Ens

Of Qtrmmy^ 14 j

'Em Anijis^ upHDti the River Aniftts^ or Onujm^ near which ftood
the Lanriacum of old, now Lorch a Roman Garifon, and afterwards a
Bilhop's See. Gniundt^ is confiderable for its ilore of Salt, digged oat
of the bordering Mountains.

Melck^e, Nomah\ or McaDilecfa, once the Seat of the Marquelfes of
AHjhia, noted for its noble Cloiftcr of Bcnedidines^ which overlooks
the Town, and the Tomb of St. Colman there nriuch honoured. At
Stan is a Bridge over the Danube. Cnmbs is a Walled Town.

Baden about four German miles from ViennaJ^s a pretty Walled Town,
feated near a part of MouiU Ce^/W, which divided Noricum from Pan-
noma. Moft remarkable for its Baths, which are much frequented, and
are nine in number.

Ncwliat is one of the chiefeft Cities in rlujlria^ it is of a fquare fi-
gure, with a Piazza in the middle of it. Here was Count Peter Seri-
ni, and Ftangipani^ beheaded, uS chief Contrivers of the Hungarian
Ftevolt.

Pretrond^ or Huimhurg^ the fame, or near to the Carnuntum of Plin. &
Liv. Camus oi Ttol. a lirongHold of the Tanmn'uns^ in vain attempted
by the 2l(7w^«/ 1 70 years before the Incarnation, fubdued in the time
of /^«g///?«j^ and made a Roman Colony. Heie refided the Emperor
Antonius Philofophm three years, and died dii Vindihnna^ now Vienna,
And here Sevems\szs Elcdted Emperor, ruined in after-times by /4«//tf
in his Incuriions into thefe parts.

The ancient Inhabitants of the Lower Aufiria were part of the Mar-
comannioi Tacitus j thofe of the higher Aujiria w^re part of the Novici
Ripenfis^ and of the Upper Pannonia.

Of S T I R 1 J,

TH E Marquifate of Sthia^ aliof Steirmarck. is a Hilly and Moun-
tainous Countrey , rich chiefly in Minerals. The Inhabitants are
much troubled with a Difeafe called Struma^ or the ififlgj-Ew/, a fwel-
lingof the Throat, proceeding from their more cold and moilt Air,
or from their more (harp and piercing Waters mingled with Snow, or
with the virofe ftreams and particles of Mercury^ or other Minerals^
defcending from off their Mountains.

Its chief Place is Gratz.^ Graiacum^ Grdciam^ & Savaria upon the Mur.
Petarp is the Pet avium of Ptd. and the Petobio of Am. Marcel & P^to-
vio Ant. Racklefpurg & Pruck^^ or Poreig^ the Bakntittm and Muri pones
of the Ancients. Seckavi, or Stkou, a Bifhop's See, and Ce/y, the Celeia.
of Pliny, are of the grt^tei^ Pilgrimages in the Aufirian Territory.

The

144 ^f Germmy. M

The Ancient Inhabitants were the Taurifci of Strah. or par-t of the
2Vi;r/ci, rather a part of the Vannomi.

Of CJRINTHIJ.

C/4rinthia\ks on the Weft of Stiria: Its chief Vhct^zxtCla^^enfurt^
near the Lake Werdfee^ Claudia Plin.tefte Laz. A fair four-fquare
Walled Town, with a fair Piazza in the middle, adorned with a Co-
lumn of Marble, and a Statue of the Virgin upon it, alfo with a Sta-
tue of the Emperor •, alfo with a noble Fountain in the middle, over
which is a large prodigious Dragon of ftoiie, and Hercules with
his Club ftanding before it. At B/eyWg are Lead- mine*!, where they
have worked iioo years, and the Pit is i lo fathom deep.

St. Veit^ or St. Faiih Vitopolis , feated upon the Confluence of the
Rivers G/(?« and IVnnkh., a Walled Town, with (ix Churches, and a
Piazza with a remarkable Fountain. In fight of St. Veitzxc four Hills
with Chappelsupon them, to all which upon one day of the year the
Inhabitants go in devotion on foot, which is near thirty 'EngUjk miles.
Not far from St.Veit is a place called Saal or Solva^ yiger Solvmfu^ or
Tjolfedt j a place fruitful in Antiquities j among others, that of the
Kings Chair, ufed at the Inftalling of the Duke of Carinthra, which
amoMg other Ceremonies, whether he be King, Prince, or Empeior,
either himfelf or his Subltitute receives a gentle box on thcEarlrom
a Countrey man.

Lavemondt., ot Lavanmynd., LavantiOfiium^ a Biljops See.

V/Hach JuliamCarnicum&Vacormmoi Ftol. ttjie Jivi , Sahd. upon
the Vra. And Gruch^^ a Bi flop's See,

The more ancient Inhabitants were the Carni of ftol. & Flin.

OfCARNlOLA. ^M

TH E Dukedom of Camiola^ by the Germms Krain, is ri.h in Corn,
Wine, and Oyl ; Chiefcr Towns are Laibach, or Lahjck^^ Laba-
cum., the Pamportii of Strabo^ and Naaportus ot Pin, Memorable f^r
the iiory of the Ship Argonaut a., wherein was brought the Golden
Fleece from Votiius Euximis^ (topped here by the bordering Mountains,
and carried over land to the Adriatick Sea, and fo brought back again
unto Greece Krainburg is a very ikong place. And Gorecz, Goritmm^ near
the Adriaikkj upon the River Lifonze.^ belongs to the Arch-duke of
Auihia 5 as alfo the Earldoms of LiUey and JVindijhmarck^ the chief place
of the firft beareth the fame name j the chUf place of the latter is

Metlifigi

Of Germany^ 145"

Mctlingt the M^taVum^ or Metalumoi Strab. App. Here alfo is the Zirth'
mtz.er-Sea, or the famous ftrange Lake ZirJ^mtzer, or Ziricbniiz. Lu-
gmnij or Lug^a 5 Talus of Strab. Valus LihurnU^ & Japodum Valns-^ a
Lake about two Germm miles long, and one broad. Every year in
the month of June^ the water of this Lake defcendeth under ground
through many great holes at the •bottom, and In the month of Stp-
tember returneth again by the fame holes, and with a fpeedy afcent
fprings up to the height of 14 or 15 foot, and affordeth plenty of
Fifh ; and when dry, it yields iioreof grafs for Cattel. I^r/^, about
ten miles from Goritia or Nordu of old, and is famous for its Quick-
{ilv«r Mines, one of which is between 120 and 130 fathoms deep.
'Tis feated amongft the Mountains upon a River of the fame name
that runneth into tl'ie Zifonzo^ near which Odoacer King of Italy was
llain in Battel by theodorkliji'mg of the Goths.

"Trieih^ Terge^ttm^ is a Port-Town of the Emperors in the Adriatic\
Sea, as is alfo ^(/;//7ci^, once the Metropolis of nhtCarni^ but dertroyed
by Attila 452, and by the Longobards 5po, fo that 'tis now poor and
mean j both properly are in Italy.

Ponteba, or Pont Fella^ is the exad Confines between the Venetian and
the Imperial Dominions 5 on the onelide of the Bridglive Italians Cub-
je(5i to the Venetians ; on the other, Germans^ fubjed to the Emperor.

Weft oiCarinthia lies theCountrey of 7irol ; of a fertile Soil, and
in many places Silver-Mines ; whofe chief places are Lifpmck^, ^niponi^
feated on the Oenns^ or Iww-River, which gave Name to the third
Branch of Aufiria^ where the Arch- Dukes have a Magnificent Palace,
fometimes the feat of Charles the Fifth, and Ferdinand the Firft. Trent,
a Biflioprick feated on the River Adtjls 5 famous for the<3eneral Coun-
cil there held by Pope PW the Third and his Succeffors, againft the
Dodrines oi Luther 2nd Calvin : It began in ^^;2«(? 1545, and conti-
nued off and on, for the fpace of eighteen years. Brixen, Brixia^ is a
famous Biftioprick in this Countrey.

Tyrol is a Caftle that gives Name unto the greateft Countrey of Ew
rope. Scbivatz 2indStertz.ingen^AXC rich in Sihct-MiuQS^

And now we are come to our Third Divifionof Germany about the
Elbe and Odur, where we may confider Saxony the Higher and Lower
Circle. The firli comprehending the Eiktes of the Dukes and Ele-
ctorates of Saxony.) of Brandenburgh, and Pomerania. The other con-
taining the Dutchies of Hdftein^ of Bremen., of Lwieburg^ of Brunf-
veick^^ of Lae>Penhurg., of Mik^i-nhurg^i &c. Then the Kingdom of Bohe-
mia^ with the Dutchy of 5//f/?^, and Marquifateof Mor-;tvia.

U ' Of

1^6 Of Germany.

Of the Higher Saxony.

WE fliall confider firft theEftates of the Dukes and Eledlorate of
Saxony. And here for the better information of the Reader
in a matter of much Intricacy, and" which without the general know-
ledge of the Saxonian Hiftory (which is too large here to be inferted )
cannot well be made plain and intelligible i we fliall therefore , con-
trary to what other Authors of Geography have done in their Defcrip-
t'lons o{ Saxony :, tell you, That whether Albert the Third deceafing
without ilTue in the Year 141 2. in whom ended the Dukes Electors of
Saxony of the Houfe oi Anhalt ; Or whether Erkh^ the Fifth of the Houfe
of Saxon Lauenhur^h lapfed his time or demanding the InveOiture of
the Eled-orfhip •■> Tis certain that Frederick^ the Ftrfl , Sirnaraed the
Warlike, Marquifs of Mifnia , and Lantgrave of Thuringia^ was crea-
ted Duke Elector of Saxony by the Emperor Sigifmmd in the Year
1423. by this means the Title and Dignity of theEledors and Dukes
of Saxony was quite removed out of the ancient and true Saxony , and
Gonhned within Thuringia^ M'fnia, and the Countiy about Wittemberg^
called the Dutchy of Saxony, or Obcr Sachfen. The only PofTeffions of
the Modern Dukes. Only by a further accumulation in the Year
1583. the Houfe of Heneberg totally failing, that of Saxony took pofTef-
fion of it by vertue of a Confraternity made between thofe Princes in
the Year 1 554. And alfo that fince the laft War of Bohemia the Em-
peror gave the Upper and Lower Lufatia to John George Elector of
this Houfe, who died the 8th o( O&ober i6'^6, and was interred the
4th of February i^t^y. with more than Regal pomp, there being
3500 perfons in Mourning, and 24 Horfes of State covered with
Black, and the Eledorate Efchutcheon Embroidered thereon , every
one of them led by two Gentlemen.

This Eledlor bequeathed by his laft Will to John George his Eldeft
Son, the Lands infeparable from the Eledoral Dignity, viz. the
Dutchy of Saxony^ together with the Upper and Lower Lufatia, with-
feme Bailiwicks about Drefden j to j4uzujius^ the Adminiikator of Mag-^
deburg^ with twelve Bailiwicks about H«j|/, ^nd in T^hnringia. To Chri'
jiian^ the Diocefs of Mtrsbourg, and fome Lands in Voritland, and in the
Mountains. To Maurice, betides the Dioceffes of Naumburg and Zeitz^
all that of his Ele(3:oral Highnefs in the Principality o{ Heneburg, Thefe
are all the Princes of Saxony of the D>:fcendents of the Eledlor Auguftus^
Brother to Maurice Duke of Saxony of a younger Houfe, who have
their Habitation at Hall^ at Mkrsburg^ at Kaumburg, and at Vrefdm-^

£oE

Of Germmy* 147

for John Frederick^^ Sirnamed the Magnanimous, of the Houfe of Fre-
Jeric'f^thc Firft, Sirnamed the Warlike aforefaid, was in the Protelhnt
Wars taken Prifoner by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, by whom he
was deprived of his Lands and Ele(3:or{hip, which was given to Mau-
rice aforefaid , his Kinfman ; but after hve years Captivity or Impri-
fonment, his Lands, but not the Ele6torfiiip were reitored to him a-
gain, which his SucceiTors now poflefs} which are now divided into
three Branches, viz. of i. Aliembourg and Cohurg \ 2. 0{ Weymar :
3. Oi Gotta and Eifenach. To thefe we may add the Principality of
Anhalt^ which is divided amongft many Princes, who relide at VtJJaw^
at Beretnhorg^ at PlesJ^aiv., at Zerb^^ and at Cotfen, Intermingled with
thefe are the Counts of Mansfield^ Hwenflein.SchivjrtzbHrg^ S;o!berg, &c.
with two Imperial Cities, Northaufen and Mulhaufen^ and the Univer-
fity of Jena ; all thcfe Ellates are contained within Mifnia^ T'kuringiay
or Vuringe, and Saxony^ or Sacbfen^ and Lttfatia^ or Laveniiz^, Other
chief Cities are, i.Mijma^ oxMiiffen. feated upon the Elbe^ whence
the Province had its Name , a Bifhop's See, adorned with three fair
Caftles or Palaces of the Bifhops, Burgraves, and of the Dukes o^
Saxony, 2dly, Lipfu, Leipfy^ or Ldpfick^^ not very large, but weal-
thy and populous, beautirted with fair Buildings of Stone, viz. theCa-
file, and St. Nicholoi's Church. 'Tis a rich Empory, and noted Uni'
verllty, feated upon the Fviver Ellhr ^ having three Marts in the
year : Famous alfo for two great Battels fought near unto it in the
lafr Smdifh Wars ; One between Cnfiaphm A dolphm^ Km^of Stveden^
and Count T/t')/ General of the Imptrialifts, 16^1^ wherein the Swedes
obtained a great Vidory : Tilly was wounded, and lived not long af-
ter. In the other, Torjienfon.thc Swede, overcame Arch-Duke Leopoldus
Gulielmus ^ and Odavio Ficcolomirii , Generals of the Imperial Army.
And about a mile and a half from hence at Lutzen another great Bat-
tel was fought i6^z. between the King of Sweden and the Imperial
Army commanded by Wallenjiein Duke of Friedland, wherein the Swedes
obtained the Victory, but the King of Sweden was ilain \ and on the
Imperial tide that hrciOU% Godfrey Count of Pappenheims for thatVidlo-
rious King could not die but co,iqu.'ring, and P-appenhcim ought not to
fall but in the company of fo great a Prince. But the chiefeft is Vnf-
den IncoU^^ T>refda Italic., the Seat and Refidency of theEledor of S^x-)-
ny. Grand Marftial of the Empire, feated upon the River Elbe, over
which there is a very nobk Stone-Bridge of 1 7 Arches ; 'tis well for-
tified after the Modern way, with a l^rong Wall, and a larg: Ditch,
having three Gates. Places moft worth the feeing here, are the Italian
Girden in the Suburbs. The Hunter's Houfe in the eld Town. The

U 2 Eleaor's

14B of Germany.

Eledlor»s Palace, His Houfe for wild Beafts. His Stable. His Arfe-
nal, and his Kmijlk^mmer , or Gollecflion of Rarities. Here the Lw
theran Women mourn in White, and fay Grace.

4. Freiburg, a noted place, with other>5 adjacent, for its Silver
IViines 5 around well- walled City, with a Piaz'za, Caltle, and hve
Gates. In St. Peters Church b the fair M<^nunient of Duke Maurice
Eledor of S.ixotiy, which in O&oh, 1632 up )n the furrender of the
Town, coft 80000 Dollars to fave it from being ranfacked and de-
faced.

5. Wittenberga. Leucoris Lat. Wittenhurg, in ober Sachfen, in an open
Plain upon the Elbet ftrong'y fenced with Bulwarks, Walls, &c. a
noted liniveriity for Lttiheran Divines, where alfo arc the Sepulchres
of Luther, born at Eijlebcn, in the Earldom of Mansfddt 5 And of Mc
lanWyon.

South cf M(/«w, if not comfrehended in it, lies a little Country
called Voithnd, or Viteland, which feemeth to take its Name from the
Juites or Vites, who together with the Saxons and Angles conquered
Britain, and gave Name to the Ifle of Ifight. Its chief place now is
Zppic\avp, Cignea in Scrip, Germ.

MarchtA 'Brandthurgenfis,

TH F Marquifate of Brandenburg is a large Country , well ftored
with Woods, Lakes and Fens, and in fome places with Corn.
It is generally divided into two parts, the old and the new Marqui-
fate. The Metropolis of the Old is Brandenburg^ or Brennoburgum, a.
Bifhop's See, and the tirli Seat of the Marquifles, giving Name to the
Country. The Metropolis of the New is Francfurt , Franeofurtum ad
Oderam, a Univerfity 1505. enjoying a pleafant Scituation among
Corn-fields, and Viney-downs, Co thdit Ceres znd Bacchus feem both
enamoured of it. Berlin, 'Berlinum^ feated in the imdi\ oi the Province
upon the bank of the River Spree, which Magimts, B?rtms IVtUichius^
T>reffer, Vrick^eimcr, and other Geographers have millakeri tor Ptolomys
Suevus: on the other fide of the River is Coin, the place of the Prince
Eled^or's Relidence.

Coflrinum, Coftriiny Cu{i:rin & Kuftrin^ is a very nrongFortrefs, faid
never yet taken -, it baffled the King of Svpeden in the Year 16^1. Ha-
velburg is the Seat of a Biihop. Stendal is the Metropolis oi Alt-Marc}^,
feated upon the River Vcht. Soltivedel, or Solrvcl ( i. e. the Houfe or
Temple of the God Sol ) on the banks of the River Jetze, Gardlebeni,
laid to be theAneieiK J fobergum,(wm the Image ofl/a liere.worihipped,

Of GermA^jy, 149

is famous foi its Beer, and Hops Oranienburg^ formerly Bolzai^, af-
fords the greateft variety ot pleafuies. being eiicompaiTed with Parks
and Foreiis. Btlides this Marquifate whereunco the Eiedtoral Dignity
is annexed, there belongs to this f-rmcethe Dutchy of Fruffta in PJana'.
The Ducchy or molery of Fomerania. The flcverlion of the Dutchy of
MagdeouTg, The Durchy of CUvp.s^ and Earldom of Marl^. The Prin-
cipalities of Halberji'd in Brmfiricb^, and Minden inW^ftphalia, which he
had in lieu of his Rtiignation of the Higher Fom^'ra/iia to the Swede,
The Dutchy of Crcjfen^ and Lordftiip of Fregnitz in SiUfu- Th-^ Ju-
rifdidion of C(7/^?</x, orCj^/w, and other Towns in Lw/jfw, ox Laufs-
tiiiz. The Branches of this Family are the MarqueiTes of CyJem-
bach and Onfpach.

Of Pomerania, or Pomeren»

)Omerania lies extended all along the Shore of the Baltkk^SeZj di-
vided into the Upper and Lower Potneren^ now Royal and Ducal
Fomerania, the firit belonging to the Srvidcs^ the latter to the Elector
q{ Brandenburg. A Country plain, populous, and in fome places fruit-
til in Corn, Pafturage, Honey, Butter, Wax, Flax and Beer, vizo
the Bitter Beer oi Stetin^ the Mum oi Gripfirald ^ the Knockdown of
Wallin.

Chief Places in Fomerania Royal, are Sietin^ Stetinum, memorable for
its brave Siege, and as brave defence in the Year 1(571, when taken
from the Stpedes^ hnce reftored again by the Treaty of Nimegmn,

W'lliin^ when y«//«M?« a flouriihing Emporium, Anno 1170. facked
by VFaldemarpts King of Denmark; Gripfwald^ a noted Univerfity ; its •
Fields and Cattel are tindured with the tafts of wild Garlick. VFol-
ga^i, over-againft the Ifle Vfedom. Camin^ a Bifhop's See, over-againft
the Ifls oi WoUin. Stratlfundt ^ ali^s Sundls ^ a well-traded Empor^"
over-againft the Ifie F.tigau Taken by the Elector of Brandenbttrg
1578. but by the Treaty of Peace (igned at St. Germain s en Laye^
July ap. i^7p. he refigned it back to the Srvedei.

Chief Places in DuQdXFomeran^zxo.Colkrg at the mouth of the River ^
Ferfandt. Coflin upon tht River Kadnie. Nerp.garten upon the Hamerf-
beck. Siargard upon the Ina. Kttgenveal upon tlic VVipper^ are all
contiderable Towns.

The famous Odtr having paifed Gartz and Grief en hagen^ and entring
into Pomerania^ divides its (elf into feveral Branches or Arms, con-
taining therein many large and fair Meadows; whereof fome are •
above twoEnghJh miles in bteadth. After it has pafTcd h-^ Stetin, it di-
lates-

i 50 Of Germany*

lates its felf into the Vammijh Sea or Lake, then into the Vamantzk^y
or Pfafcnivajfer, and at laft fpreads it Celt into a Vail: Fre(h-water Ocean
called Dm groffe Frifche-Haf^ extending it (elt about 46 Englijh miles
in length, and 4 in breadth : which Laiie difembogues it felt into the
Baltick^Scsi in three Currents or Harbours, thcVivenowo^ Sxpyne^ znd Pe-
nemunde.

This fiiall fufflce for the Higher Saxony, or the Eighth Circle of the
Enfipire. Come we next to that of the Lower Saxony^ which contains,

The Dutch) of Mecklenburg.

MEckelburgienfrs^ five Mcgalopolitani Vucatus^ lies next to Pomeranian
along the Coart of the Baltic}^ Sea, of a fruitful Soil, and rich in
Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two
Branches ; the one whereof make their Relidence at Suevin^ or Schxve-
rin, upon a great Lake, a Billiop's See, whole hrft Billiop, John ScotHs^
was cruelly martyred, Ann. 12 do. by the V^tnc/ilh Apoftatcs. The
other at Gu(hon , or Gujharv , a well fortified Town, about 18 or
20 Engliflj miles from Rojhck^, and have now each of them a moiety
of the Dufchy, and are faid to be derived from the Vandal Princes.
However in the lateGerw<i« Wars the Emperor made thefe Princes feel
the weight of his Indignation, giving their Lands to Wallejiein a Stle-
fun Gentleman, (a great Captain indeed, and renowned Soldier, who
by a rtrange Ingratitude, and Devililh Ambition, came to a miferable
end ; the Duke of Biron and the Earl of Effix had fuch like Defigns,
and as Tragical Cataltrophcs.) Nevertheltls they re-entred into it by
the Arms of the Great Guihvus their Coufm-German, 16^1. And
though Alw!ffer-Treaty took Wtfmar^ yet gave them in Exchange the
Bilhopricks of Ratzeburg and Suerin^ turned into Principalities.

Other chief p'aces, are Vl^ifmar^ Wifmaria^ a Hans Town, and noted
Port upon the Baltkk^.. founded out of the Ruins of the great and an-
cient City of Mecklenburg^ or Megalopolis, Anno 1240. tak-en by Chri-
(Iran V. Kin^ o( Venmark^^ i6y6. from the Swedes , but according to
the Treaty of Peace figned at Fountanibleau on the 2d of Septemb-i^y^,
it was to be rellored to the Swedes within three weeks alter the ratifi-
cation of the faid Treaty ; yet in a fecond Treaty ligned on the 26tb
of the faid Month at Lunden in Schonen ^ it was agreed that IVifmar
(hould remain in the hands of the King of Venmirh^^s a Surety for the
Arrears of certain Contributions due from that King to the Crown of
Denmark^: fothat the Vanes, 1 think,Oill keep polfeilion of this Town,

the

Of Germany, i^j

tfie Obligation being not cancelled. 2. Rcjiock^, or Rofzliock^y a City
of great Antiquity, by report of tiie Gerw^w Antiquaries. Wliat great
things the Ancient K.o>«a« Writers report of Li2ci«m^«, Lacihurgium and
Kodopolis^ they appropriate to Rcjhcl^y how true, I know not 5 'tis
certain, that in the Year 32^. 'twas only a fmall inconliderable Vil-
lage, built by fome poor Fidiermen on the Banks of thePVarna: now
thcT!^ are reckoned 140 Streets, many adorned with high and (lately
Houfes. There are 7 times 7 remarkable things in Rojhck. Seven
great Doors to the Cathedral Church of St. Marys , 7 large Streets
leading to the Market-place, 7 Gates of the City towards the Land,
7 Bridgv's over the VFarna^ 7 Towers on the top of the Town- Hall,
7 great Bells which chime at certain hours in the Town-Hall, 7 great
LindenTrces in the Common Garden.lts moft noted Commodity com-
monly is Beer, a Hans-City, noted Port, large, rich, and well-traded, a
Univerlity founded Anno 141^. Since the Treaty at M««f?er, the ^wy^ie/
have built a Fort at the mouth of the River Warna , and cxadl Toll
or Cuftoms of all Ships that pafs to Ko[hck^^ to the great prejudice of
the City.

Come we next in courfe to Bolftein, which is under the Homage
and Pxight of the Empire, but being in poiTeilion of the Houfe of T)en^
mark^^ we (hall refer its Defcription to that Kingdom, and fpeakof ths
Dutch ies of Brunfmck^zni Lunenburg.

0/ the Dutchks o/Brunfwick and Lunenburg;

TH T S was a part of the ancient Dukedom of Saxony^ till the Pro-
fcription o{ Henry, Sirnamed the Lim^ by the Emperor Frederick,
Barbarnfa ; but by the Mediation oi Henry the Second, King oi England,
his Father-in-Law, ( being recon;iled unto the EmperorJ had the Ci-r
ties of Brunfrvick^^nd Lunenburg^ with their Countries, reftored unto
him 5 afterwards ereded into a Dukedom by the Emperor Frederick,
the Second, whofe Polkrity enjoyed thcfe Dukedoms jointly till the
Year 1430. when they were divided between William the Vidorious,
who had the Title of Brmfxrick^, and his Uncle Bernard who had the
Title of L««eflWg, and in their Pofierity both thefe Dutchies do ftill
continue.

In the Dukedoms of Brurifwick, al. Brmfrvigenfis ^ & Hmnoveri
The South and Eaft parts towards Hr/Jew, &c. fwell with Woody
Mountains and Hills, parts of the ancient Hircinian', the Northern
part more plain and fruitful in Corn, and other Commodities.

f ^2 Of Germany.

Chief Places are Brnnfmch , al. Braunfrvyck^ & Brunp/tga & Bmnopolij ',
the Tulifur^iam of ?tol. tefh Apphno, upon the River O.mr^ and one of
the chief Hans-Towns, containing about feven miles in compafs, fair,
populous, and Wrongly fortified with a double Wall , peopled with
indultrious Inhabitants, jealous of their Liberty ^ Governed in man-
ner of a Free Eftate, held under the right of the Princes. Its chief
Trade is in Hides and Mum. Go/lar, Geflarh, a Town Imperial. All
the Houfes in this City are covered with a glittering kind of Slat ', the
Inhabitants are all Miners, snd the only Trade of the Town is in dig-
ging, cleanling, teir.pering, and vending all manner of Metals, ex-
cept Gold -y and a great many choice Minerals of the Country, as Vi-
triol, Brimrtone, Quicklilver, Copperas, &c» Holmjhdt Is reckoned
the oldeft City in SaX'My ( except Bardiwick,) built by the Emperor
Charles the Great, about Jn:-:. Vom. 782, it is famous for its Acidemh
Jttlis , or Univerfity. V/clfinhuml-^ a very ftrong Cafile , and the
Rciidencc of the Dukes of Bmnfmckj, where is a famous Library ^ with-
in thefe Territories were alfo included the Principality of Halkrjlat^
now under the Eledror of Brandenburg, and the Bifiioprick of hildcfheim
the Afcalingmm of Ttol. & Irenicus^ the Abbey ^cdclinhHrg, whofe Ab-
batei's was fometimes Princefs of the Ernpiie, now fubjcft to theKoufe
of Saxony. Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch of the
Dukes of Brwfivkk-, whofe Duke is a Catholick, and by M/frf???' Trea-
ty Eiihop of Ofnabnrg^ in v/hofe Territories are Calenhurgy Gruhcnha-
gen, Goningetiy and Hamelcn, where the Inhabitants keep the Records
of the famous Piper, who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town in-
to a Gave, who were never after heard of.

Lun£hirgenfts Due at us , Hertzogthumb Lunmbourg^ incolis : Vulche de
Lunebourg GaVis. The Countrey is plain, the Air Tharp and healthful,
and the Soil barren. The chief Town is Lunenburg, Lun£bHrgum, up-
on the River V'me^ now one of the Six Hans-Towns, large, popu-
lous, and adorned with fair Buildings, whofe chief Trade is in Salt.
Cell, OT ZelK is theR-elidencecf the Dukes, about 10 GtTwj« miles di-
ftant from Litneburg.

Of Bremen, Epifcopatus Bremenfis,

HIS Diocefs or Archbifhoprick of Bremen is a Country whofe ex-
treme parts along the Elbe and Wefer are very fertile for Corn
and Pafturage , the more inner parts wild and barren. Bremen an
Archbiihop's See, and a Univerfity, or Gymnafwm, an Imperial City,
and the third Hans-Town 5 gives name to the Country ; it is feated

upon

Of Germmy, 153

upon the right fide of the ^(/fr, large, populous, rich, and well-tra-
ded, and firongly fenced, and is famous for its Art of drtfling Lea-
ther, and Cloth, and for their Fifh.

Stada^ Stadt , a noted Hans-Town , accounted the moft ancient in
Saxony^ and once the Staple of the Englifh Merchant- Ad venturers,
now the place where the Ships pay Tole, llrongly fortihed. Bremerf-
forde, OT Bremerverden , a Caftle, and Village, where the Archbifhop
did refide. But now the So'edej have there a ftrong Garjfon. CharUjiat
is a ftrong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River fVefer.
This Country, with the Principality of Ferdai^ ov Vehrden, in FFeji'
fhalia^ now belongs to the Svpedes by the Treaty of Mnnjier, and is
annexed to their Territories and Dominions under the Title of a
Dukedom.

Of Larvenbitrg,

THIS Dutchy gives name to the Princes oi Saxon Larvmhurg^ who
are Branches of the fame Houfe with the Princes of Anhalt. Ifs
chief place is Larvenburg^ or Laitbenburg^ upon the FV^, a fine Town,
but the Caftle is ruined, and the Duke lives at Raizeburg^ though he
hath nothing there but the Cattle, the Town belonging, as was faid,
to the Duke of Mecklenburg,

Of Magdeburg, Ditto Magdeburgenfis.

THIS Diocefs lies extended on both fides of the E/^, betwixt-
Brandenburg^ and the proper Saxony. The chief Town is Mtig-
deburg & Meydenburg^ incolis. Meydburg^ or Mrgdeburg : antiquis monu-
mentis Pathcfiopolis. Mefuinum Ptol, te(tis Apphno, A Burgrave(hip of
the Empire, and Archbifhop's ^ee, giving name to the Country. Re-
edified by Edttha Wife unto the Emperor Henry the Firft, and Daugh-
ter to Edmund^ King of England , and thus named in honour of her
Sex. Her Effigies in ftone is in the Cathedral Church, with 1 9 Tuns
of Gold which (he gave thereunto -, though others fay it was for the
Worfhip of the Virgin T>iana. A place of great ftate, large and fair,
and ftrongly fortified, once the Metropolitan City oi Germany, famous
in the Protcftant Wars for a whole year's Siege againft the Emperor
Charles the Fifth. But facked and burnt hy Tilly, and 3 6000 perfons
put to the Sword, and deftroyed 16^1. and the Town almoft ruined.
'Twas alfo famous for the firft Turnament which was in Germany,
which was performed here in the Year 637. by the Emperor Henry^
Sirnamed the Fotvkr.

X ^ Thefe

J ^4 ^/ Germany. -I

Thefe are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony , and contain the
Ninth Circle of the Empire.

0/ BOHEMIA.

Oiemum, Tac. 'Beiohemnm Taterc. Bomi Viol. Boheim Germ. Bobeme GaUis^
Boemia Hijpms., Bohemia It alts. Czesk^tzem incolis tejie Brieto. This
Kingdom i? environed about with Mountains and Forefts, as it were
witii FortiH.ation";. The Air fharp and piercing, theCountry rough
and hilly, rich in Minerals, and ytlding fufficient plenty of Corn,
and o-her ncceffary Proviiions , Wine excepted. Fiill inhabited
by fome of the Germans, the H.rmiones , who were difpofleffed by the
B ji, who gave Name unto the Country. The Boil were routed by
the MtrcMjanni, a people of Germany. And thefe were alfo ejeded by
the Sdaves under Zechuf, Brother unto Lechus ^ the Founder of the
Polijh Monarchy, about the Year 64^. called in their own Country-
language Czcchi, but named from the Country they feized upon, Bmh£-
mi, upon their Hrft arrival. This people were governed by Dukes
until about the Year io8(5. when Vratiflam or Vladiflam was created
the firft King oi Bohemia. In a Diet at M^«/z,by the Emperor Henry the
Fourth, about the Year 1 1^9. Power was given to the States to chufe
their Princes , before being El£(2:ed by the Grace of the Emperors,
fince which time the Kingdom continued Elective, though moft com-
monly enjoyed by the next of blood, until the Royal Line being ex-
tindt, the Knigdom was devolved upon the Houfe of j^ufiria.

Chief Places are, Fraga Italis^ Prag incUis^ Prague Gallis. Marobu'
dum PtoL tejie Sanf. & Brief, the Capital and Royal City of the King-
dom of Bohemia^ Tested upon the River Muld^rv., by the Bohemians, Vl-
tave-j it confifteth of three Towns, the Old, the New, and theLeffer.
'Tis an Archbi(hoprickandUniverfitv, where in the Year 140^. were
reckoned above 40CO Students under the Redosfhip of John Hus.
The greatefl: Remarks are the Emperor's Palace, iind Summer-houfe.
A fair Cathedral Church built ^23. The Palace and Garden of Cola-
redo. The Palace of Count fFallefiein Duke of Frcidland. The Bridge
being i7co foot long, and 35 foot broad , with two Gates, under
two High Towers of Stone at each end. Near Pragm that deciding
Battel was fought, November %. 1620. between Fre^m':^Prince Pala-
tine of the Rhine, Eleded King oi Bohemia^ and the Emperor Fer^i/wW
the Second, where the Victory fell unto the Imperialifts, Pragm forced
to yield, and King Fredmch^w^di his Queen forced to fly into SiUfta,

Jetitchift

Of Germafiyl !«*

^eritchin BroJa, by the River Saczua, a firorg phce wher- taken by
Zifca. who then forced the Emperor Si^ifmwid to fly out of Bohemia.

jMik^itv^ where was f'-ught that famous Battel of Feb. 2^. i6i-^.
between Torjlmfon-, and the Imperialilis, the Succefs gave the Swedef
the advantage of proceedhig further.

Cz^ajlarp is the place where Zifca was buried, that famous Bohemian
Gsneral, who fought when he was blind j and when dead, withcd
his friends to make a Drum of his Skin.

Kuttenburg. or Cnttemburg^ is famous for its Silver Mines.

E^ra is a ftrong City , accounted the ff cond of Bohmia , and chief
Maga7i;T€ of the Country. Famous for its Fountains, whofe Wafers
cure all hihrmities of the Eyes and Ears, or other parts of the Head.

The Mountains of the Giants in Bobtmia^ called Ripb£i or Caonojft^
are famous for three thing? \ for their Signification and Prognollicks
of all Temptiis, for the ranty ai Plants, Stones and Gems there grow-
ing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzd, which is faid to walk about
thdfe Mountains in the form of aHuntfman. Jnfelmiu; de B.vt teUs us,
that Rudulphus the Second, King of Boherr.ia^ had a Table of Jc\yels
which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the Woild ; it was wr« ught
with fuch Art, that the Jewels which were fet together with invilible
Joints, prefented a moii pleafant Landskip, naturally reprefenting
Woods, Pvivers, Flowers, Clouds, Animals, &c. the like not to be
found in the World.

The Waters of Carolina al- Karshad^ found out Jiwo 1370, in the
time of Charles the Fourth, will in a Night's time turn Wood into a
ftony cruft.

Triat the Loadftones of Bohemia will give -the point of the World,
but not draw Iron ; and that a Needle touched with one of thofe
Stones, never points diredtly North, but declines eight or more degrees
to the lalt.

That Mummie5,as good as any in Egypt^hzve been found in Bohemia^
(a whole man of Myrrh, Amber) Bones of Giants, and Unicorns
Horns, ^rc digg'd out of the Mountains. See-the Hillory of Bokw/^.
Bi/h'/fluo Balhino & Soc. Jef. infol. Prag, 1^79.

Other chief Towns are Pilfen^ large and Walled , Tabr.r upon the
River Lauznitz,' Koningfgratz Ger. Hradium Regin£^ Kralovpihr^deizBDh,
Kuttenbmg Ger. Ktttnahora Boh. Budercifs Gcr. aL Budeiowice Boh. Lmme'
ritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze B'h.

To thefe fome here add the Country and City of Glat^ upon the
Borders of Stkfia,

X2 Of

1 1^6 Of GerntAnf,

Of MordvUy Marker hy or MSren.

IS a Country lying open only towards A-tHria^ and the South, up-
on the other fides environed with Mountains a id Forelh ; plain
within, and exceedingly populous, pleafanr, and fruitful for Corn,
Wine and Pafturage. The Air fomewhaf unhealthy, being debarred
from the cleanfing Eaft and Northern Winds, yet it has feveral rich
Medicinal Fountains : And a ftrange kind of Frankincenfe or Myrrh,
which is dug out of the bowels of the Earth. Once a Kingdom, now a
Marquifate/ubjed to the B3kw/^«j-,anAppendant of that State fmceAa.
2^1 7. whcnSigifmund the Emperor gave it to Jlbertus King oiBohemia.
Chief Places are Olmutz,-> or Olmuntz, Germ, & Olmucz. Olamietmm &
Olomunchim Latino. Hjlomane Boh. the Eburum of Ttol. tefte Tyrant. &
Appiano^ rather Barouaa tejie Laz. A Univerfity feated on the River
Morava, ovMarckhy which running quite through the Country,entreth
the Vonaw near Presburgh, and gave name to the Countrey ; large
and ftrongly fortified, taken by the Smdes^ but reftored by the Treaty
of Mmftir.

2 . Brinmm^ Brin. Gtr. Bruno Bohemis^ the Jrjicuj of Ptol Vilano^ but
by Sanf. 'tis Hradifch. Walled, and hath a ftrong Cafile , famous for
the Siege ot K545. by the Swe^e/jfeated upon the River Schtpartz^ind
Zmtta.

3. Iglarv Germ, or Igla^ Gzihlawa Bohem. Gehla\hy the Moravianr^
on the River fo called, feated upon a Hill on the Frontiers of Bohemia,
well fortified, having a large Piazza.

4. Znoimum^ Znaim^ Germ. Xnoymo Bohem. Lat. Znogma. the Medoflarti'
um oiPtoL tefte C/«iJ. feated upon the River Ti^ey^, which divideth Mo-
ravia from Juftria^ is famous for the death of Sigifmmd the Emperor,
and for its Painted Houfes, and for its Sieges of 1645.

The Moravians are a plain-dealing People, (lout and good Soldiers.

Gradifco near Olmutz, is famous for its Myrrh and Frankincenfe,
which contrary to the common cullom groweth immediately out of
the Earth 5 and the Frankincenfe groweth naturally in the fhape and
likenefs of thofe parts which Men and Women moli conceal, iejWDH-
hravivo in his Bohemian Hiftory.

Cremfir or Kremfier , by the Bohemians Kromeritz , now one of the
faireft Cities in Moravia. Etvanczhz^ once notorious for its different
Sedts in Religion 5 now all Jervs and Papifts.

Of Germany. I $7

Of Silrfay SchkfiMgen ^ Schltfieti,

THIS Datchy is watered in the middle by the River O^er, whol^
ly encompafTed with Hills and Mountains, except towards the
North. The Air therefore fliarp and piercing, lying open to thofe
bluftering Winds. The Country is rough , and Woody , yet
abounding in Corn, the Hilly parts yield plenty of Brafs, and other
Metals.

It was once fubjedi to the King of Voland^ afterwards it fubmitted,
or was fubjecil to the King of Bkumia^ and is now an Appendant of
that State. The ancient Inhabitants, among others, were the ^adi,
againrt whom when M. Antonm the Emperor made War , and being
in a great ftrait, the Legion ot Chriftians in his Army by their Prayers
obtained from Heaven not only Thunderfhot and Artillery, which de-
ftroyed the ^mdi ; but gentle Showers which refreihed the faint and
dying Romans. Xiphil. in his Dion.

Chief Places are BreJIarv Ger. Wraizlaw Bohem. IVratiJIavia. The
Budorgis^ or Budorigum of Ftol. Fyramio & Curio. By Ortd. Budorgis is
Rattibor, A BiQiop's See pyo. burnt in the Year 1341. now one of
the faireft Cities in Germany^ with ftraight and open Streets. Other
Places zTeGlogan>^ Crojfcn, belonging to the M. oi Brandenburg. Lignitz.y
Schveeidnhz-i IVolavo^ Oppden^ Iroppaw^ Katibor^ Tefchen, Odfe, Sagan^
Jawer^ Brieg^ Moiiflerberg^ Groikjtv^ J.igerndorf^ Dukedoms and Cities-:
to which we may add the County and City of Glaiz. amongft the
Monies Sudetes,

Thus have wefurrounded Germany^ and finifhed the Survey thereof.-

As to the Revenue of the Emperor, 'tis not worth mentioning. It
had need therefore of fome Prince, whofe own Eftate is fufficient to
fupport the Grandeur and Dignity of fo Auguft a Title.

Of tk SEVENTEEN PROVINCES, 0^
the LOW-CO UN TRIES.

BY the Latins that Trad is called Belgium:, from the Belgi^ the mofl;
Potent People heretofore of all thete parts •, which upon the Cap-
fulion of thofe Ancient Limits of Germany and France , die' contain
17 d\iiindiEfhtes^ or Provinces : If is alfo called Cermania Infertv: j by
the Englilh^ the Low-Countries ; by thtVutdj., Ntihalandt ^ by the Ita-
lians, Spaniards^ and French^ Flanders , from, whence the inhabitants-
were generally called Flemmings*

'Tis-

1^8 Of Germany.

'Tis a Country kdU^ very low , between the Banks of the Rhine
and the Sea-flirr ', from which 'tis defended by extraordinary Charge
and IndiUtry wiih Bank; and Ramparts. For Hubrandy, 'tis the heft
cultivated 5 for tnuUitudtr of Towns and Viliage^^ the bcft Peopkd j
for their neatnefs, the mott Remarkable 5 and by reafon of their feve-
ral 'Vjanura(^ures. the nioii Rich of any Ciuintry in ' umpe.

'Tis bounded on the Ni);th with the G'rman or Britil}} Ocean, which
alfo fc pa rates it from Great Britain, on the Weft j and on the South
and Eift it borders upon France and Germany.

The Ancient Inhabitaiits were partly (ubdu'd by L.Dmfru^, in the
time of Ati^HJhis C^far ^ tlie other were before overcome by Julius Ca-
fiir: Afrer which fubjedtton they remained under the Rowan Empire
until the Expiration of fhat Empire, when they v.'eie involved in that
Publick Calamity, under the V \dcon ^n- French , who here (ucceedcd
the Komx'js •> the whole was con rained under the Name and Kingdom
ef A:'fjiralix.^ or Ojienrmh* After that the French Monarchy became
divided amongft the Poilerity of the Emperor Lfw// the Godly, this
part hereof broke into fundry new Principalities and Governments,
and became divided into 17 Stares, or Provinces, whereof fomc En-
titled their Governours. Dukes ; others, Earls ^ others, Lords.

Thtir Names are there'. Four Dukedoms, Brjh.int^ Limhurg, Ltix-'
emhui'g and Giiddirland. Seven Earldoms , Holland.., Zeland^ Zutphen,
Flandtrs^ Jruir^ Hainaidt and bhmur. One MarquiDtc of the Holy
Empire, comprehend mg Antwerp, Five Signiories, or Lord (hips, M-n-
lins^ V'r?cht, Ovcr-Yjj'el^ Frirflind ^nd Groningen. Twoof thefc, Flan-
ders., and part of Artnife.^ appertained to the Soverainty of the Kings
oi France., quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain by Hjiry the
Second, Frmch King, in the Lti^WQoi Car^ih-ay. Brab.mt., Flanders^
part oi Artois^ Lmberg., wirh Mj/ines., and the Marquifare of the Sa-
cred Empire, became added to the Dominion and Family of Burgmidy
by Vhilip the Hardy. H'lland, Zealand, ^efi- Freijland, Hainalt, Lux-
emhtrg and ISIamUr^ 'by i'hilip the Good ; Gelderland^ Zutphen, Vtreicht,
Over-yfjel and Groningen, by the Emperor Charles the Fifth. Since this
Llnion they were governed in manner of Free Eftjtes by their Princes
and Magiiirates, making a diltind: Nation and Commonwealth by
theniklves. Duke Charges the Fighter, Prince hereof, had an intent
to unite the parts then under his Government into one entire King-
dom by the name of Burgundy. But the Provinces being Soveraign,
and had their {( vcral Laws, Privileges, &c. this Projedl took no ef-
i'ttt In the Reign of Ph/lip the Second King of Spain, Heir of

Of Germ Any. '19

ble Civil Broils, (b lor^g afflding thofe jrifli and flourldiing Countries,
continued with the fpoil and ranfacking of all their chiet Towns and
Cities, with the unfpe^Hable mifery and calaniity of a bloody War of
48 years •, a War which coft the King of S^A'm the Lives of 600000
men, and 150 Millions of Crowns, and £;?g/<2«,;/not fewer than zcoooo
men, and above a Million of Money. A* laft, part of the Provinces
were forced to continue ui-ider the Spani^j Yoak, and. part recovered
jtheir Liberty; fo that now there ate in the Low Quntriss twoEllates,
br Pomltiipns ,. far differing .one from another 5, far the one is a Re-
'"piibjick^, 'qr iather fevctal'Republkk^^^ Uniced. and Confederated .it'i
pncl-mji therdc^ic. tilled thQ,Vi}iied Proi'2f;ces^ aiid f commonly frOm
the^- Principal Proviiice ) BjUand ; :The other, "for .the moft part,, did ;
betong to tb.e King of Spain^ d.s Heir to* the Houle of 'Burgundy ^^ and is
callf'd the Spanijh^-Pm.iincef^ ox iiariders ; but. of late Years thQ Trench '
''Kijogrhath conqueted th^-'irioft part thereof. : , •,. 7 ', «•

As the Country is divided^ fo is alfo their Religion, for the Spa-
mards ftrid:ly follow the Komjh., and -the States- General indulge the
free Ufe of all Religions, but countenance only that of the Reformed
Churches, according to C^j/i'/'/i.^

The Men for the moft pairt, are well proportioned , unrpindTul of
goo3 Turns and Injuries ;ibf good iny^.nf ion, Frugal, ^n^d of iiidefa^
tigableTnduftry. .' \ ;'.- "V ■''' '^

Tb6 Women, generally of good Complexions, Familiar, Adive,
Laborious," and converfant in Affairs in the Shops and Hnufes.

Their Language, for the itioft. part,, is P;^/c/;, with lictje difference
ill the Dialed ; but in the Provinces adjoining to Ff<2«ce, they fpeak .a-
corrupt arid imperpe6i:FrfKci^",' from their Language called IVdfhons.

The Air is Tern jierate, and more 'wholefDme than fjjmerly; the
Wintermore long, tlian colB;, and the Sumrfler like the Spring iii Sou**
thern Countries. ,

'i The Soil towards (j£ww«)/ is Woody and Hilly.s but towards the
Sea full of Pafiure and Meadow-ground, which breed great ftore of
Gattel,' which make Cheefe and Butter plentijful. .

i6o

Of the LI N I T E D P R O V I N C E S,

Or DVT CH Republick.

THE Vnitcd Provinces are fo called, becaufe of the Union which
they made together in the Year i57p. They are Seared toward
the end of the two Rivers, the Khim and the Meufi, in the Northern
part of the Lotp-Cvtmtrks^ between the Dominions of the King of
Spain in f landers, and many Principalities of the Emfire. The Princes
of the Empire, which are Neighbours to them, are, the Z)«%of New

htirgh

Of the Vmted Provinces. \6i

hurgh in his Dutchy of Julurs j the Ele6l-or of Brandenhurgh in his Duke-
dom of C/et/e/ j the Eledor oiCologn^ the Bifliopof M««^er, the Count
of Bentheim, and the Prince of Ea^-Friefland^ in the Territories of the
-fame Mame.

The Vnited Provinces^ which formerly acknowledged the King of
Spain, afterwards became Independent ; or, to fpeak more properly,
fo many Commonwealths of themfelves, which yet all together make
up but one Republick, under the Title of The Vnited Vrovinces of the
Low Countries ; fo that the Dignity remains with the States-General ^hnt
the Abfolute Authority (in matters excepted in the Alliance) abides in
the States of every Province, The Arms of this Commonwealth is a Li-
on holding a Bundle of feven Arrows clofe tyed together, in allufion
fo fo many Provinces Confederated by the fame Alliance. And yet thefe
Provinces have not been always fo well United, but that they have
fometimes rather refembled a Body with fo many Heads, feme of
which looked one way, and fome another.

There is no Dominion in the World of fo fmallan Extent, that has
fo great a number of Fortrejfes, and v/hich feems to be better Defend-
ed by the Natural Scituationof the Ccuntrey it felf •, for it is fortified
by the Sea, and feveral Rivers 5 that is to fay, the K^i^e, the Meufe,
thcJVaal, the IJfel, &c.

Befides the United Provinces, and the Territories belonging to them,
the States have certain Towns in Brabant and Flanders. They have in
Flanders the Sleuce, Middlehurgb, Ardemhurgh, the Safs of Gaunt, Axel,
and Huljh In Brabant^ Lille, Bergen-Opzj)oni, Breda, Boijleduc, and Grave.
They had alfo Valem and Fauquemont in the Dutchy of Limhurgh i and
Maejiricbt in the Biftioprick of Liege ; won from them by the King of
France, but reftored, and at this prefent in their polTcilion. InGerma-
ny they had upon the Rbme, Orfoy, Wefel, Kee^, Enteric^ and Genep,
in the Dutchy of Cleves , and Rhineberg, in the Eledoratc of Colegne.
But thofe places are returned to their right Owners. Upon the edge
of Wejlphalia, they have a Garifon in Embden, and in the Forts of Ei-
dcler and Leer-ort, which belongs to the Prince of Eaji-Fri(JIand.

Of thefe Vnited Provinces, four lye toward the Welt, Holland, Zeland,
Utrecht, Guelderland and Zutphen. Three to the Eaft, Overyjfel, Frie/land,
and Groningen. In their AlTeniblies thefe Provinces have always given
their Voices in this Method, Cuelders and Zutphen iirft^ then Holland^
Zeland, Vtrecht, Friejland, Qver-Tffel , and laftly, Groningen, with the
Ommelands. Her^ note t\i^tZutphen\s reckoned, one of the Seventeen
Provinces,, but makes not one of the Stvtn , being comprehended
under Gelderland -t fo that thofe who will have ten under the Spanijh

Y Jurifdidion,

J ^2 Of the Vnited Frovincesl

Jurifdidiou, muft reckon Camhray for one, or that part of Gelders
which yet remains fubjed: to the King of Spain.

Each Province fends their Deputies to the Mjgue, where they com-
pofe three Colleges or Affemblies ; the States-General^ the Council of
State, and the Chamber of Accounts. In the Affemblies of the States-
Gcneral, it behoves all the Provinces to give their Confent in general
and particular, to the Refolutions there taken, there being no fuch
thing among them as Plurality of Voices. Gmldrts takes place hrlt, as
being the Eldeft, and becaufe her Plenipotentiaries firft propos'd the
Union. The Admiralty fits in five places, and has five Magazines ; at
Koterdam, Awfterdam, Horn, or Encbyfen, Middkhurgh, and Harlingben i
the three firlt in Holland , the fourth in Zeland , and the fifth in
Frit/land.

Holland ( faith Sir JViliiam Temple) is a Countrey where the Earth
is better than the Air, and Profit more in requell: than Honour ;
where there is more Senfe than Wit; more good Nature than good
Humour 5 and more Wealth than Pleafurei where a man would chufe
rather to Travel than to Live, and Ihall find more Things to Obferve
than Defire, and more Perfons to lifteem than to Love.

The Earldom of Holland and Zeland, together with the Neighbour-
ing Countrey of Weji-Frijia, was given unto Iheodoric Son to Sigebert
Prince of Aquitania, by the Emperor Charles the Bald. By Arnulpkihtix
fourth Prince, quitting the Fr^wc^ Allegiancejthey were firft made fub-
jedl to the Soveraignty of the German Emperors. In John the Second,
became added to the Houfe of Hainalt. In IVilliam the Third, to th'e
Houfe of Bavaria. In Thiltp the Good, to that of Burgundy. In Philip the
Second, ioth^toi Juftria ; in whofe Reign, after forty years War,rhey
were acknowledged a FreeEftate by his Son Thilip the Third.

The Province oi Holland is of moft Power and Confideration, as gi-
ving Name to all the reft : It is fcituate very low, and therefore fenced
with Banks and Ramparts to keep out the Sea -, it is alfo fenny, and
full of Marfties, and therefore trenched with innumerable Dikes and
Channels, to make it fit for Dwelling.

Remarkable indeed is ths Induftry and Trade of the Inhabitants j
that having little or no Corn, yet they are always provided, not only
with fufficient for their own Ufe, but to fupply their Neighbours.
Having no Timber of their own, they fpend more in Building of
Ships, and fencing their Water-courfes, than any other Countrey :
And having no Flax or W^ool, they make more Cloth of both forts,
ihan moft Countries in Europe^,

The

Of theVnitedProvmces. I^j

The whole compafs of this Earldom is not above 180 miles, but in
breadth no where above three hours Journey from the Sea.

Amlhrdam, fcif uate on the Lake or Sea called Tie, and the Dike or
Channel called Amjhl ^ in Latin AmjUlodanmm & Jmjierodamum -,
built upon Piles like Venice ; and by the late Addition of the new to
the old, may no^v vye with thericheft and faiieA Cities of the world i
famous for its great Trade to theutmort parts of the Earth ; and as
mfamous to fome for its Toleration of all Religions. 'Tis the Market
or Shop where the Rarities and Commodities of all Countries are ex-
pofed to Sile.

The Stadt'houfe is the Prodigy of the World, and a Miracle be-
yond the Seven that Antiquity brags To much of: A Building of great
Magnificence, and as vaftExpence, begun in the year i64S,andin
Augufi i<555. was the Dedication of it folemnized. In a Vault under
this Stadt-houfe^ fecured by the ftrongeft Doors and and Locks, i^ kept
that famous Bankj, which is fuppofed to be the greateft Treafure either
real or imaginary, in uhe world. It is certain there is the appearance
of infinite Riches in Bars of Gojd, Silver, and innumerable Bags of
Metals, thought to be all Gold and Silver. But the Security of this
Bank lies not inthofe Effeds, but in the Credit of the whole Tow«i
or State of Am^erdam^ whofe Stock and Revenue is equal to fome
Kingdoms.

Dortj Djrdracwn, fcituated upon four Rivers, hath the firft Voice, as
the Town where the Eails of Holland and their Subjeds reciprocally
bound themfelves each to another. There it is that tliey Coin their
Money, and their Magiftrates have the Privilege to go with one of
their Guards. In the Year 142 1, of a City upon the Continent it be-
came an Ifland, through a moft dreadful Inundation, that Drowned
about locooo People, and 80 Villages, pleafant and large. Hirlem^
Harkmnm^ is the place where they make their finelt Linnen Cloth, and
the whiteft in the whole Province. Famous for the Invention of Print-
ing by Lawrence Cejhr^ and its Inhabitants for breaking the PeluJIan
Chain. The Duke of Alva having taken it, committed very great
a(^s of bloody Cruelty therein. Ddph, Velf^ oxDelft, in Laiin Delphi,
or Tfelfiitnj is the Burying- place of the Princes of Orange, and of great
Trade for Cloathing •, famous for tbeftory of the Stork^, who cover-
ing their young ones in the fire-time, all periflhed in the Flames ; and
infamous for the Birth of V avid George, who callsd himfelf King and
Chrift, who died in 155^ at Bafil, and three years after, his Bones
were taken up and Burnt : And for the barbarous AlTaifination of
William the firft, Prince of Orange., Anno 1535, it was utterly ruined

Y 2 by

164 ^f the Vmted Province s.

by a dreadful Fire, //ww 1 554, it was unaccountably blown up by a
vaft Magazine of Powder. Leyden, Lttddunum^Batavorum^ is the Eye,
or as others will have it, the Garden of Holland^ as well for the
cleannefsof their Streets, as the beauty of their Houfes. It is alfo
famous for its Antiquity, for its Library, and the Excellent Edition
of Books there Piinred ; as alfo for the entire Defeat of the Spanip
Army. In this City was bor.n that Taylor, who to his ruin was made
King of the Anabaptifts in Mwilhr. Sf rong and rich G.mde^ or Gouda,
has this advantage, to be fcituated among Springs, and where the In-
habitants enjoy the purefl: Air in all Holland. Koterdam, Roterodamttmy
the place where Erafmrn was born, is the beft of the twelve Cities
which they call fmall ones, by reafon of its great Trade upon the
Mtufe.

The Hague, by the DutchDen Haghe, and St. Gravenhaghe, ( that is,
the Grove of the Earls orForefters), in Lat. HagaComitU ', it glories
in being the principal Village, and as delightful a place as mofl in the
world j highly commended for the breadth of its Streets, the ftate-
linefs of its Buildings, and the fhadinefs of its Walks ^ and for the
Princes Palace, and for the AfTembliesof the States- General.

The Brill, Briela, is a well- frequented Harbour towards the South,
in the Ifland of Voorn ; the reft of the Coaft is all Sands, with fome
(belter for Fifiier-boats, with the Iflands Over-flac and Gorre.

There is alfo the rich and daily Butter and Cheefe- Market, Gorhitm^
Lat. Gorichemum, on the JVale ; a ftrong place, and one of the Keys
of Holland: The f silr znd commodious Hiw en Schonhoven or Schonhovia,
So called from k$ pleafant Gardens.

At Schevding was the flying or failing Chariot, which in two hours
time would pafs with Eight and twenty Perfons, from Scheveling to
Futten, which is about 42 Englifh miles. It was made for the famous
Prince Maurice, by Simon Stevinw, a famous Mathematician.

Geertrydenberg Cince Anno i<5ii, has been part of the Patrimony of
the lUuftrious Houfe of Orange.

Worcum, or Woudrichmum, the principal Town in the Lord(hip of
Altena, part of the PoffeflTion of the Ancient and Noble Family of
Home, until the year 1568, when Fhilip oi Montmorency ^ Ezi\ oi
Horn was beheaded at BrujfeU by the bloody Alva, yinno idoo it
was fold to the States of Holland.

Leveftein is a Caftle at the confluence of the Maes and Pf^ael.

Heafden has a good ftrong Caftle, but in ^nno 1680, the Lightning
in the night-time piercing the Walls of the great Tower, fet lire to
the vaft Magazine of Powder, which blew up the Tower and Caftle,
and great part of the Town* Clmdert,

Of theUnitedProvirjCts, id 5

Cluiidert ftands in the Ifle of RuygenhiU; fortified with eight Bafti-
ons, and fome Ravelins.

Sevenbergen U now a well- peopled Village. Willem(iadt is a place of
conliderable flrcngth, and a good Harbour.

JJfeljhyn onthe Hdlandljfel^ or Fojfa Dmfiana^ now under the Prince
of Orange^ well fortified, and furrounded with Gardens and pleafant
Indofurcs. Its Trade confifts much in Cables and Cordage, and other
like Manufadures.

Vianen in Lat. Viana & ViaHda, the neatnefs of whofe buildings, as
welias the neighbouring fields, advance the picifantnefs of the place.

Alphen is fuppofed to be the Mhiniana Cajira of .V«f. Roomburch is
called in Vdferm's Geographical Tables, Pr£torium Arrippinjs,

Woeden is a fIrongTown, and a Poft of great concern, taken by
x\\Q French^ Anno K^ya, quitted Anno i6y^. Ouderpater^ or Veteres Agua^
pleafantly feated upon the Iffd^ is noted for the beft Hemp. Schiedam
is a place of confiderable Antiquity, faid to have had the Privileges of
a City, j4nno 1274,

Vlaerdingen^ at Flaerdinga, once the moft ancient and beft fortified
Town in Hdland.

At Naeltrvyck^^ FredericVrmcc of Orange^ built a Royal and Magnifi-
cent Palace.

At Laufdun, a League from the Hague^ is the Interment of Marga-
ret Countefs of Henebergb^ and her 3^5 Children born at one birth,
if Reverend Antiquity may command ouraffentto all its Stories and
Traditions.

Mnyden upon the Vecht, in the late Wars, was made one of the
firongeil Potts for the Defence of Holland.

Wifep, Wefpe., or IVcfop^ is famous for its Beer, which is called the
Flemmijh Thyfick^

Naerden is a Itrong, but little Town, fortified with fix Baftions, yet
ill Anno 1 1572, the Garifon of 200 men, at the firft appearance of
the Frmch^ threw down their Arms and fled to Amjierdam^ which is
diftant about threeLeagues. In A u^uji 1673, i^ was befiegcd by the
Dutch Army of 25000, but the Garifon of 3000 men quickly fur-
rendred ; for which the Governor was condemned to perpetual Im?
prifonment, and all the other Oificerscalhier'd. In Aano 14S', thole
of Vtrecht furpri^ed this Town ( by dreiliiig up a company of Soldiers
like Countrey- women going to Market ), and compelled the Inhabi-
tants to pay a vaft fum of Money to redeem thcmfelves and houfes
from the utmoll: extremities of Fire and Sword: But in the fama
Y^iithtNaerdiners flew 1 $oQVltraledm upoiithe fpot, and carried

0€:

t66 Of the Vmted Provinces,

off a great Booty. Anno 1572, it furrendred to Frederic of Toledo^
who ordered all the Inhabirants to meet together m the Market or
Church, and then commandtd his Soldiers to cut them in pieces.

Alcmaer^ encompalTed with Mar (lies 5 when the Metropolis oiWiji-
Friefland, C3i\hd Altenas now enriched by its Butter and ChCwfe, and
adori^ed with extraordinary pleafant Gardens. Memorable for the
Defeat the Inhabitants gave D' Alva^ merely becaufe he gave them no
way to efcape.

Hir«, upon the Zuyder-Zeei from its plenty of rich Villages, and
Pafture-grounds, with pleafant Gardens and Walks, C3\\cd Cornucopia.
In M.iy is the Fair for Butter and Cheefe.

Edjm^ rather Tdam or Tedam^ a good Haven, is noted for its Build-
ing of Ships, for making excellent Cheefe, and for the Sea-Nymph,
( Anno 1 430 J that learned to fpin.

Monnek^dam^ or Monachendam^ upon the fmall River Mofiicl{.

Furmerend^ formerly belonged to the Noble Family of the Egmondf,
but fold to the States, Auno 1 5pG.

Medembliek^ or Medemlec}{, whether it was the Seat of Kadhodus tht
famous King of the Frizons^ is uncertain ; but its comraodious Har-
bours, capable of 300 large Ships, are of great Profit and Reputation
to it.

Egmondis a pleafant and fine built Village, and gave Title to one
of the moft Ancient and Illuftrious Families of thefe Countries.

Bevermck^ ( anciently called St. Agatha s Church ).

TheTf^e/, or TfjffeMfland, abounds with all manner of NecefTaries,
and having a great influence upon the entrance into the Zuyder-Zee,
the States have built there a (trong Forlrefs, which is always provi-
ded with a good Garifon.

Flieland or Vlnland, called in Lat. FkvoUndia^ is of a long and nar-
row figure, having only one fingle Village at each end.

^t ScheUingxhc Englijh burnt and fired about 100 or 150 of the
Vutcb Merchant- men, with fome Men of War. 1 hefe three Iflands,
together with feveral large Banks of Sand, lye along the Mouth of
tht Znydcr-Zce, and in fome meafure break the firii Alfmlts of the
raging Ocean, making two good Harbours, viz.the Texel ^nd Flie.

In the Wiering are divers good Villages, ieeding large Flocks of
Sheep.

The Art and Induflry of the Vntch have manifefted thcmfelves in a
thoufand particulars, but in nothing more than in their putting Bars
to the Ocean, aiid in draining of Lakes of fo great extent, that they
might be term'd Inland Seas j fuch were the Zype and Beemfier in
Nonh'Hjhnd. The

Of the Unlteci Provinces* t^j

The Southern Iflands of Holland are, i. The Overmaes, oppofite to

B.oterdam,

2. TheVoornj wherein ftands the BriU, or Breheet^ upon the mouth
of the Khimy which was called H:/f«/, now iVydel^ a ilrong and well-
fortified Town, one of the Cautionary i owns pawned by the Dutch
to Qjeen Elizabeth^ and reftored by King James the L after it had
been garifoned and commanded by the E«g///^ about 30 years.

3. Goere-^oiGoedcree^ which tignihes a good ftation for Ships, at
the mouth of the Mms-^ but now its Port is much obftruded with
Sands, and infelkd with a Tempeiiuous Sea.

4. Overflack^ or Overvlackee, comprehending feveral Villages, where
is good Corn-land, but little Pafture. Thefe Iflands were formerly
part of the Province of Zeland', but upon the diftribution of a Tax
to be paid to the PiiEce, they fubjecfted themfelves to the States of
Holland.

Zdandy Zebndia, is the Province which was firft fet at Liberty, and
laft confented to the Peace vvith Spain: At this day it contains the,
greateft part of the Prince of Orange's PolTeffion. That of Vacheren^
Walachna^ in the Map, contains ten Dutch m.iles in compafs, is the
faireft of all in the Loxf- Count rks^ with the City of Middkhmgh^ the
Capital City of the Province, and the Staple for Wines ; a ftrong
and large Empory. Flujhing^ Flrjjin^a^ the Key of the Netherlands, is
aUo a good Harbour. Once an Englifh Garifon, and a Cautionary
Town, delivered to Queen Elizabeth, Anno 1585. and reftored by
King James^ Anno 1616 ; where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was
the hrftGovernour, and died in that Service. The ftrong Sea- Town,
Vere, or Ter-Ferc^ Vtria Lat. having many Staples for Herring and other
Commodities ; Famous for the moft Noble and Uluftrious Family of
xhtVeres, cnce E.irls of Oxford. Zeebmgh or Rammekens, is a ftrong
Fort and good Harbour, engaged to the Englijh, but reftored to the.
Dutch, together with the Bri// and Flufhing.

Thefecond Illand xsSchowen, Scaldia, Lat. containing fix miles in
Circuity its chief Town is Zerick,-2id, or Zirizec, noted for Madder
and Salt ■-, and Browcrjhaz'en, inhabited by Fifhermen ; here was firft
invented (he Marting of Herrings. The third is Zuiit-Bevetland, or
SoHthBne'andy whofe only Town of note is Gt^ex, or 7'erGoes, The.
fourth isDautland, or Duyueland^ named thus from the abundance of
Pidgeoiis there breeding. It hath no Town of Note, but is memo-
rable for the bold paffage of the Spzniards under Mondragon, crofs the
Sea, in the year 157^^ j and for that in the year 1520 it was over-
whelmed with a deluge of waters. Nmb Bevdand-, once termed

Zee--.

1 68 Of theVmtedProvimes.

Z^f/Ws Garden of Delights, but in that fatal Inundation of 1532,
it was entirely overvvheimed by the Sea \ but iince above 2000 Acres
of Land have been gained from the Sea.

lolen is an Ifland (o called from a Town of that Name, divided
itoniBrabant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more an-
cient Inhabitants of thefe Iflands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus. They
contain in all 8 Walled Towns, and about 100 Villages. The Coun-
trey is low, flat, and Marfhy, rich in Corn and Pallurage, unhealthful,
and fubjed: to Inundations, being kept in and defended from the Sea
by Banks.

The Bifiioprick or Lord (hip of Vtrecbt, Vtricefium Amm. was firft
occafioned by one JViMrod, an Anglo-Saxon^ the Apol^Ie of thofe
parts, and firrtBifliop hereof about the year <5i I, during the Regen-
cy of Pepin the Fat. The SucceflTors of this JViMrcd^ by the Libe-
raJity of the French Kings and German Emperors , attained unto as
well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurifdidion, together with that
of Overyjfel, until Charles the Fifth, who by the confent of Henry
Count Palatine, then Biftiop, feized upon the whole Temj oral Domi-
nion hereof, leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates, which alfo
(ince, by the Ufurpation of the States, hath likewife been taken from
them. It has a Capital City of the fsme Name, inhabited for the
moft part by the Nobility cf the Countrey: But its greateft Glory
for feveral Ages, was, its being the Seat of one of the moft Ancient
and moft powerful Bilhops in the Chriftian World ; Firii called Infe-
ritts Trajedum^ or VltrajMum j Vtricefmm^ Amm. ^ feated lix horary
miles from Amjierdam, upon the old Channel of the Rhine ; now di-
verted into the L^c;^: Mr. K ^3' tells us. That it was. Anno 166^^ en-
vironed Tvith a thick and high. Wall, and a deep Trench ; yet in the
year 16'] i. xhtVltrajidins fujmitted tothe French long before it could
be fummoned ; which Civility coft thctn a Million 66Z000 Gilders^
(that is, above 160C00 I. fierling) which was exadfcd of them in
Contributions between Jifne i<572, and TSlovemher 1673 \ befides
200C00 Rix dollars for a Viaticum or Foy at the departure of the
French. There is alfo the Thorowfare Rhenen, the fair and ilrong
Amersfvrt^ the Frontier- To wn Mt'«//(Tf. Wnli^de 'Duerjhde^ the Baia-
vodnrumoi Tac. & Ptol. Durojiatum &'Durojudium^ Lat. They reckon
zh(j\xt Vtrecbt 55 Cities, to thefartheft whereof you may go by Wa-
ter from Vtrecht in one day.

The Province of Guelder s^ Gueldria. or Gucldre, was fir ft founded by
two Brothers, /ir/c/<^r<s^ and Luppola^ firli made Guardiansof the Coun-
try by the Inhabitant* in the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald.

Of the Vmted Provmces, 169

It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third , made a
Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, After the deceafe oi Charles
oiEgmond^ the laft Duke, by compofitioii between him and Charles the
Ffth Emperor, this Province, with the Earldom oiZiitphen, united for
a long time in the Houfe of the Dukes of Gdderland^ defcended upon
the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and added by him to his other Pro-
vinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second 5 the greateft part
(hoke off the Spanijh Yoak, and now with Zutpken governed m man-
Kerof a FreeEftate, confederated with the xz^ioi iYicVnned Trovinces^
a third part of Gelderland excepted, where ftands the Towns of Txure-
mond^ Loyal ; Gelders^ Martial ; Venlo^ Strong 5 Watchtendom and Strs-
hny remaining yet fubjed to the Arch-Dutchefs, or Spaniards-^ who
in the Year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City
oi Geldria , and into the Menfe^ to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the
Trade of Germany. ISHmeghen ^ Noviomagtts al. Neomagm-, the Capital
City of the Dutchy of Guddria , the Oppidum Batavonm of Tacitus,
from whence Civilis ., after a fatal overthrow given him by the
Komans^ fled with his Army into the Illand of the Batavi ^ now
called the Batutve , or Betarp : It was one of the three Palaces
of Charles the Great , and Len-is the Pious j as alfo of the fac-
ceeding Emperors for four Ages ; Repaired by Frederic]^ the Fird,
Sirnamed Ahenohardnr^ ii55- faken by Prince Maurice in the Year
15^2. In Jidy \6']2. (urrendred to the French Vi^on none of the beft
Terms : but in /^prtl 1(^74. given up by the French upon the ranfome
of 82000 Pvixdollars for it and the Betaxv. Memorable for the Ne-
gotiation of the Peace which was concluded about the end of 78. and
the beginning of 7p. Nimguen the Ancient, Ruremond the Great, Zut-
phen the Rich, and Arnheim the Fleafant, are the four chief Cities of
the four Quarters of Gdderland<. Ruremond upon the mouth of the Ri-
ver Roer', Ruremunda, Lau taken from the Spaniard.^ Ann.Vom, 165 2.
but reflored by the Peace of Mu-njier.

Arnbeimjthc Arenacum ot 7acitiis^\s the Capital City of the Velaw^ or
Felunpe, and the Seat of the Supream Council of the Dukedom of Gel-
der^ walled about, and fortihed in the Year 1233. dertroyed by Fire
Ann. 1515. feated on the right fide of the Rhine ^ about two German
miles from Nimegmn^ arxl as many from Vocshurg. One of the beft
fortihed Towns in all the Provinces •, yet attack'd and furrendred to
the French in the fame day, 72. but for J700CO Gilders re-deUvered
with the whole Ft/jp,'.

The Province oiZutphcn bears the fame Name with the Capital Ci-
ty, and palTes fometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders,

Z having

1 70 Of the Vmfed Provinces,

having no Voice in the AiTembly of the States-General, but only con-
joined with this Dutchy. In the Siege of which was flaia that Ho-
nour of Chivalry, and Mirror of Learning, Sit Phlip Sidney. Other
Towns in Geldria are the llrong and encompalTed Frontier Bommd, &
Bommelia.y Lat. with the Forts 6f St. Jndrew and Voorn^ making it im-
pregnable*, yet taken by xhcFreneh i6j2. bur quitted again in K^yg.
after 14 days fpent in ruining its Fortifications, and 360CO Gilders,
or 3600 pound Englijh psdd for their kindnefs.

B.7ttenhorgy Lat. Arx Batavorum.Tiel, the unhealthy,B«re«, belonging to
the Prince oWrange. The Town and County of Cuknhurg , the Forts
Knoifenhurg^ Schenckr Sconce, and lolhuys^ are confiderable j Hadermck^
and 'Elhmg upon the Zuyder-Zea ., Hattem upon the Jjfel^ znd IFagC'
ningen upon the Khine, are the chief Towns in Arnheim quarter} And
Doeshmg, DifmantlM by the French in /Ipril 1^73.

GroU, the llrongeft H.-ld in the County of Zutphen, yet yielded after
very little rehitance to theBifhop of Mwjjhr. June the ^th 16^2.

Majrfhy and Fenny Brevoort, yet taken hy Prince Maurice, Ann 15^7.
now by Pawn or Mortgage in the poiTellion of the Prince of Orai.ge,

Over-Iffel^ Gt 'trans IJfal'ania , ( fo called from its Scituation be-
yond the IJfel ) where the Rhine and that Ihjre their Streams toge-
ther , by means of a Channel which Vmfus formerly made. It
is divided into three parts j the Irvente, Tjfelland and Drent, in wiiich
are contained 1 1 Towns , and 100 Villagts ; th.r principal of which
zie Veventer, Lat Dave ntria, an Imperial Hans Town, being a famous
PaiTage over the Ijfd 5 taken for the States by the Earl of Leiccjbr. Anno
1585. but {mxcndredhy S\t William Stanley. Ann. I'jSy. to the Spa-
niards', recovered by Prince Maurice, Ann. 1591. bur in the fatal Year
1^72. it was taken by the B'fnop of Munihr, or rather betrayed bv the
ArtiHcesof one Collonel Br"pr/wij: upon the divition ot the Conquered
places betwem the Milif try ^relates ; this fell to the (haie of the Bifhop
of CV>&V// , by wliom it was quitted in /^pril 1^74. to the States for
42000 Kix- dollars.

Campn Lat. Campi &Camp£ feated at the Confluence of the ^ffel in-
to the Z-ivder Zee j ;ts m.iinftrep.gth lies in its Marfhy Scituarion : up-
on the treacherous Sui render c>{'Daventer, 16"] 2. this capitulated, and
yielded up it feh-, upon diviiion it fell to rhe Fnv;c/.7, who about the
latter end of -^7^- quitted it for Socoo Gilders.

Swil is forcihed wih dounle Walls, double Ditche.s , and very
flron^^ R mparts and Bi Iwarks. and is a place ot great Trafhck. In
April 1674. it was qu'f'-ed of the Bifliopof Cokns, Garilon, but the
BourgmallerSj and fome others of the Town, were fent to Maejiricht^

there

Of the Vnited Trovinces\ lyi

there to remain Prifoners till fuch time as the City had paid looooo
Gilders for its ranfome.

Thefe three Towns are in that part which is called TJJdland.

Oldenzyl Lat. Oldenfalia & Oldfalta^ the Seat of the ?Mrient Sjlii of
no great Ibength nor magnitude, yet fubjed to frequent Changes in
the Spanjjh Wars.

Otmaefen^ by Trithemms^ faid to be founded by Odomams king of the
Francs, fiom whom it had its denomination.

Vallenhoven upon the Zuyder-Zee^ is a neat and handfomeTown, well
feated for the importation of Corn.

Steenwyck a fmall Town, but well fortified by Prince Maurice, who
recovered it from the Spaniards 1S92. Towards the end of 1(^73. it
was forcM to pay a Ranfome of loooo Gilders to the Bi(hop of Mun-
(ler^s Forces, and yet they ruined the Fortifications, and blew up the
two Gates, and the Ammunition Houfe. Thefe are in the Ttpente^ Lat.
'Twentia. &'Tuhamia.

The County oiVuent confif^s much in Marfhes and Heath 5 but the
two great Fens called Smilder-Veenen , and Echterreenen , afTords the
Fewel-Turf, which is conveyed in great quantities to HjUand^ and the
parts adjacent. Coeverden is the chief place of the County, and for
ftrength inferior to none in Europe-, yet not above 6'^o paces in compafsj
yet commands all the confiderable PafTes thereabouts. It is memora-
ble for many Sieges in the Spanifh Wars, too tedious to relate. In
Ann. 1672. it was fortified with a large deep double Ditch, with ve-
ry high and ftrong Pvamparts, defended with 7 good Baftions, bearing
the Names of the 7 Provinces, with well-wrought Parapets, Faufe
Brays, and other Outworks, and a Caftle elkemed impregnable, yet
yielded to the Bifhop of Mwi^er hi July , before it had been at the ex-
pence of one man's life in defence of fo confiderable a Fortrefs. In
Vicemher following the Dutch by a kind of a private furptize re-
took it.

Groningen^ comprehending the Omlands, is but of fmall extent, where
there is nothing more rare than Stones and Vv'ood, fo that their Fuel
is Turf, which they dig in great abundance. The Air is (harp and
wholfome. The Metropolis of this Province is Groningen, or Gronin-
ghm^ commodioufly feated for Water and Land Carriage : Anno
Id 14. was an Univerfity founded here by the Provincial States •, at the
entrance into the publicic School is this Infcription, Fsc ea qi-t£ moricns
fjCii fw(fe vgIis. The Refiftance made by the Groninghcrs in the Year
1672. not only raifed the Siege, but obtained the Reward of a dou-
ble Vote in the Grand Council of Stare of the V/iited provinces. Other

Z X Places

172 Of the Vmted Provinces,

Places are "Bourtang Fort, 'Bilting.,Wolder-Sconcef JVinfchofenzndi Langack^r
Sconces. Midtvold^ once a flourifhing place, but now almofi: ruined by
the outragious VoUart, which about 400 years ago fpread it felf upon
the Ruinesof 33 good Villages. Dam^ & Velphzil^ are the two moft
confiderable places in the Omlands. The laft is a very good Haven*
In the Year idyi. the Dutch Eaji India Fket of 14 Ships, whofe La-
ding was valued at idooooo pound Sterling, had been taken by the
Englifh^ had they not got into this Port.

Weii- Friefland was a Country formerly much larger than now: The
Ancient Frizons were pofTdTors of the Provinces oiFriefland^ Groningen^
Overiffd^ IFeftphalia and North-Holland, called then Weji-Frujlxnd^ and"
contiguous to the Province of Frujland: For the Zuyder-Zee^ which is
not found in the Writings of the Ancients, wag formed by fome great
Inundation , breaking in between the T'exell and the other Iflands ,
which are but the broken remainders of a continued Coafc. It is now
divided into three parts, viz. Oofiergo^ JVeliergo.^ and Scven-rvolden^ or
^Q [even Forelh ', which comprehends two Cities, iz Pret^cSures,
127 Tillages.

The two Cities are, i . Leeai>arden, Levardia& Leovarditm., the largeft,
richeit, and beft built City in the Province, and ftrongly fortiHed i en-
joying the benefit of many large Navigable Channels, honoured with
the Supream Court and Chancery.

2. Dorch^m^ot Vocum^ well fortified. The Guild-Hall and Bridge are
moft coniiderable ; it was the Retidence for the Colledge of Admiral-
ty, now tranflated to Harlmgerii a Haven Tov/n, and well fortified,
and miy ealily be overflowed by the help of their SluceSo

Fri?ick?r, or Franicheria., is an Univerfity, encompalTed with a good.
Wall and Ditch, arid defended with a ftrong Caftle.

Saeeck^is an ancient, populous, neat built and well-fortified Town,
Balfrvam is encircled with good Corn, and Pafmre Fields,

Of Stavereii, in Lat.Stavia & Stavordia, The Frieziffj Writers tell us,
that it was not only the Metropolis of the Country, and chief Seat of
their Kings , but the largeft and moil famous Empory of both Gtr-
mantes.

The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of thefe Provinces
are Butter and Cheefe ; the reft being Manufadturies which they make
out of fuch Materials as they fetch out of other Countries : But the
Commodity that hath been of greateft advantage to them, is Fifh ;
and that not caught upon their own Coaft neither. Their Herring-
Trade, by computation, is worth 450000 /. /^er /f/J««w.* And that of
Cod'fijh 150.00Q /. Snrl. yearly.

Generally

Of the Vmted Provimes* • ""^73

Generally the people are inclined to Navigation, and a Sea-faring
Life 5 and many being born on Shipboard, and bred up at Sea, know
no other Country •, To that their natural inclination, and neceffily cf
employing themfelves that way , hath exceedingly increafed their
Shipping i fo that 'tis thought they are Mafters of more Ships and VeG-
fels of all forts, than almoJt all Europe befides.

But that which is the juft adnjiration o-f all men, thcfe Senn Provinces
are become greater, and more potent than Seventeen, in riches and
power: Nay, they have outdone fome of the greateft Prhices in E«-
tope. Their Cities are many and fpiendid ; and yet there axc more
Sects among them than Cities, snd almoli as many Creeds as Heads;
yet fo wife \u their Meetings, as never to diicourfe of Religion. Their
Country ( in general for its Dim- hfions } is fuller of People, Cities-,
Towns, Gallks, Forts, Bulwarks,, &c. for Military Defence, than
any one Country in Europe. Their Naval Forces prodigious, befitting.
Wonders rather than Words ; even a terror to the great Princes of the
World. For their Trade, it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring
Princes i and in theOeconomy of it, much more prudently managed :
To every Town they alTign fome Staple Commodity ; as, to Djrf, the
German Wines , and Corn ; to Middleburg , the French and Spanifh
Wines ^ to Rotterdam formerly, now to Vori^ the Englijh Cloth : To
Harlem, Knitting and Weaving, &c. which makcth their Towns fo
equally rich and populous.

One Miraculous Accident I muft not forget, becaufe mentioned by
all Writers, viz. That Margaret, Sider to Earl Floris the ^tb^ being
about 42 years of Age, brought forth at one Birth 365 Children,
half Males, half Females, xhz odd one z HermaphroJiie ; they were all
dhrifkned by G/^'^/a Suffragan to the Biihopof Vmtcht, in twoBafons,
which are yet to be feen at the Cimrch of Lafdnnen, the Males J^hn,
the Females Elizabeth •-, immediately after th^y all died, and their Mc» ■
thes alio.

174

Ofthc SPANISH

^ HE S E Provinces are To called, becaufe rubje(a to the Monarchy
A of Spaw. It carries alfo the Name of Fla.derr, from that Pro-
vince wh.ch isthefahefr, the richell, and the be(i Peopled part.

OtthdcSpaniJh Provinces, four are Frontiers of Fr^;/c^ j the Coun-
ties of FWcr/, y^rtoi^ Hawault, and the Dutchy oi Lux^mhnr,. Five
m the middle, viz. The Dukedom of 5r^^^,;^ the Mar^uifate of the

Empire,

Of the Spanifh Netherlands. I75

Empire, the Signiory of Malines, the County of Natnur, and the Dutchy
oiLimburgb. There are alfo two Feifsof the Empire , the BKhoprick
of Lc/ge, and the Archbifhoprick of Cambray. The Kings of Spain
were once Mafters ot thefe Provinces, and for the prefervation thereof
have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from
the Indies, in the Wars they maintained againft the Dutch and
French.

The County of Flanders, Flandria Latinis , Vlaenderen by the Inha-
bitants, Flandre French, Flandes Spaniards^ &Flandra Italians, is {ofuW
of People, that it feems to be but one great City , and the lovelieft
Country in Chriftendom ; enjoying a good and wholfome Air , and
well water'd by a great number of flivers. All along the Co^li lie
banks of Sand, that cover very Rich places. In the Neighbouring Sea
are feveral Sands and Shelves , neverthelefs Ships ride there fafe
enough. It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders, Gallican Flan-
ders^ and Imperial Flanders ; This belonged fomctimes unto the King-
dom of Wefi France, and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of
this Crown ; quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain, and to the
Heirs of the Houfe of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France, and
the League of Cambray.

]n Flanders, the principal places are Gaunt, Gandaurum, Ghendt &
Gand by the French, one of the biggcft Cities of Europe : But though
it have feveral Rivers that IHII bring a Trade to it, yet has it not the
five and thirty thoufand Famil.es that anciently it had, when it was
able to Arm fi^ur and twenty thoufand men. *Tis famous for the Birth
of Charles the Fifth, and of John Duke of Lancajhr , commonly called
John of Gaunt. The C athedral is a (lately Strudure. In the Tower
Bel'' fort hangs the Bell Roland ^ faid to weigh i2coo pound. The
Church of St. Baio is the chief: That of St. Michael is famous for ex-
cellent Paint'ngs.

Oiiend, Ojienda , is a Town whofe Haven they can never block
up, and which was once the Theater of War , when it held out a
S:eie for above three years, too long for the Arch-Duchefs not to ftiift
her Smock., being Ganfoned by the Evgliflj, and under Sir HoratioVere,
who was then Governour thereof, at which Siege the Spaniards are faid
to h\ve loll one hundred thoufand men. After the Town was yielded
up^ there appeared nothing but amifhapen Chaos of Earth. Trenchss
filled up, Curtains beat down, Bulwarks torn in pieces.

Lille, Gal. L IJIe. Incol. R)Jftl, or Tor IJfel, upon Dole, the Capital
of Wahon- Flanders, is one ot the beft in th; Lovf>- Countries ^ by reafon
of its Wealth and Strength.

'Xomna^

-1 7 6 Of the SfAnt^o Netherlands.

Tmrnay , Tornacum , & Vornick^^ Bagamim of Ptol. Chit, turnaceii'
fmm of Ant. an Ancient City ; is fair , great , ftrong , rich , and
well-peopled ; This was the Hrrt Town that fubmitted to the
King of France^ after a formal Siege, who has fet up a Parlia-
ment, and built a very ftrong Cittadel to fecure it. It is obfl^rved
of Tournay^ that it was taken four feveral times upon St, Andren>^< day.
I. ^y Henry the Eighth, King of E'lgland. 2. By the Em{.cror
Maximilian the Fiiix. 3. By the Emperor C^ar/e/ the Fifth. 4. By
the Duke of P;r/'w.j, 1581. Yielded to the Fr^wc/^, An.\66']. Vmay
or Viiamm upon the Scarpe^ is ccnfiderablc for its Extent, Strength,
Trade, and Seminary of E^vg/z/^jFloman-Catholicks. Anno 166*]. fur-
rendred to the French after the ftiort Oppolition of three days. The
Church oiNoftredam is about 1200 years old : It is a Staple of Corn,
and hcinoured with an Uuiveriity. Oudenaerd^ fcituate upon the Scheldt
is one of thefaireft Towns in this Province, both for Sciruation and
Trade, commanded by a high Hill, taken by the French^ 166'j. in Icfs
than 24 hours ; altho it coft the Prince of Parma two months. Anno
1582. Reliored to thi Thatch by the ATiwg/^w-Treaty.

Courtray^ feated upon the L?/, is a Hold of great importance, and
well fortiried by the French , who took it after a (hort Siege, An.
166'J. The Inhabitants are excellent at Diapering of Linnen.

Ditnki^ Vwiq.'ierca, or Vuink^r}^^ faid to be built about the year
^66. It is one of the Five Ports of Flanders^ once confiderable for its
Herring-Fifhing, more for its Privateering.

Anno 1535. Charles the V//^. built a Fortrefs here. Anno 1558. it
was taken and burnt by the Frfw7^. ^/?«o 1583. it vvas furprizcd by
Chamois^ who commanded a Regiment in the Town; not long after
it was yielded up to the Prince of Parma^ having endured all the
Extremities of a Siege. Aino I'^^Oc ^t'mcQ Maurice endeavoured in
vain to (urprife it by ScaUdo. Ann} 16^"]. it was after a troublefome
Siege taken by the Prince of Cmde^ with a great lofs of men, and
the Expence of fome Eaglijh Blood. In Auguli^ 16 '^2. it was be-
lieged by Arch-Duke Leopold^ and being difappointed of Relief by
means of the Engliih^ it furrendred. In the year 1657. Crom»>eU
having entrcd into a League with Frvi/zce, the Engl<jh took Mor.tmediy
St. Venant, and the ftrong Fort of Mar dyke ^ and inverted V-ttJiirl^.
In 11558. Vn Jilm of Ahjiria came with an Army of i<5coc. Horfe
and Foot to Relieve I)/i/2,i!>;VI;^; but after a brisk Encounter vvas defeat-
ed by the £//^/r/^ alone. This O/erthrow, followed prcfenfly after
by the Lofs of the Miiquefs of Lida, Governor of the City, llainin
a bold Sally, occalioncd the fpeedy furrender of the Place, which ac-
cording

Of theSpamfh Nttherli^ds", 177

cording to Articles came into the hands of the Englifh^ and fo remain*
ed till after the Piefioration of King CW/a the 11. when, for Reafons
not to be mentioned, fold to th^Frmch King. It*s true, none but the
inexhaurtible Treafure of that Rich Monarch was able to fupply
the conftant Charge, and vaft Disburfements, requifite for the railing
the Fortifications, the Citadel, the Balin for Ships, the Harbour or
Mould of almort a mile in kngth : Prodigious indeed hath been his
Expcnces in hnidiing thefe indefatigable and ftupendious Works.

l/Tfc-/, by tho D^ichTperen^ Lat. J^r«e, has fo many Leaden Pipes for
Channels and Conveyances of Water under ground, that itisfaid the
Foundations are of Lead; It is honoured with theTitleof a Vikount,
and enjoys a Jurifdidion of a large extent; now pofTelTed by the
French, and well FortiHed ; diftant from Bruges p, and itomGamt i^
Leagues.

Winnock^berg or Winnoxhergen^ Lat, Mons Sa»&i Winmci, or Berga San--
di Winnoci^ 7 Leagues from Vnnk^rk^. and 7 from Ifres j it owes its
name to a noble Monatky ereded upon a Hill in Honour of St. Win-
noc diwEnglijh-mzn of wonderful Devotion and Piety. 'Tis now made
very ftrong by the French. Between it and Vmkirk^ are two ftrong
Forts well Fortihed, the one called Fort- Lea-v^, the other the Spanijh
Fort, kept by the French to procure the more Elbow-room for the
Garifon of VMnkirk^

Veurne or Fumes ^ is diftant from Dunkirk^ 4, and from Vixmude
3 Leagues ; a neat Town, in a very rich Soil; it was the Relidence
of LewM the nth. of France, during his Retirement with Philip o£
Burgundy.

Graveling, in the middle between Dunkirk^, and Calais , upon the
mouth of the River j4j^ which divides Francehom Flanders. It was
fortihed by Charles ihcVth. An. 15-28- with live ftrong BalUons, and
a Citadel j it ftandsin a low and phftiy L:vel, and is environed with
fo many Outwarks and Ditches of Water, that it feems ftrange it
ftiould be yielded up in fo (hort a time to the Englijh and French in the
year 165-8.

Cajjels, or Kajfel, Lat. Kafletum, originally Cajhl^um, feated upon the
top of an high Hill. Near this place have been fought Three memo-
rable Battels, by Three Philips^ Generals on the Fre/tcb iide ; The hrft
advantagious to the Low-Countries by the evil fate of Philip the Fair.
Thefecond was fortunate to the Fmici^, through the Courage or good
fortune of Philip of f^alois. The third was in April, Auno 1 577, be-
tween the Prince of Orange, and Philip Duke of Orleance : The Dutch
were 30000 fent to thePvelief of St. Omers ; but afcei a hot fight of

A a three

178 Of the Spmiflf Netherlands.

three hours, defeated by the 'French^ with the lofs of 3 000 flain upon
the rpot, and as many taken Prifoners : The lofs of the French was
about 200O.

Bruges^ Lat. Brug£y fcituate in a large Plain about three Leagues from
the Sea, and four from Ofiend^ about four Italian miles in compafs,
and well fortified. The new Channel^cut with vait charge to the Sluce,
isfecured by prodigious Turn-pikes from the rage of the Sea. The
Canal cut by Spinola between Bruges and Gaunt^ is eight Leagues in
length, and guarded by about 200 Forts and Redoubts. 1 he City is
exceeding neat and well built j in it are feven Parifli Churches, that
of St. Johns is the Cathedral, An. IS5P- iixty Religious Houfes, and
three Colleges of Canons. The Jefuits College deferves moft ad-
miration. The Market-place is very commodious, and of a pleafant
fcituation in the Center of fix principal Streets, running from as ma-
ny of the chief Gates. The Palace La tranche is nobly adorned with
the Pidturesand Statues of feveral Fmperors, Kings, Arch-Dukes, e^c.
The Women of Bruges are faid to excel both in Beauty and Bravery,

Sluce., Slufa, Lat. by fome ClaufuU^ once an exceeding wealthy
place, now irs Fortifications and Scituation are fuch, as render it very
ftrong ; taken by the Prince of Varma^ An. 1 58^. Retaken by Prince
Maurice^ i6o/\. It is the largefl: Harbour in all Flanders.

All the other places of Flanders are generally confiderable, either
for their Beauty, or for their Fortification, for eminent Sieges or re-
markable Battels.

The Soil is fo fertile, that the Lotv-Countrks.^ as the Natives fay,
would have produced as much Riches as the Indies^ had all their Ter-
ritories been as fruitful as that of Fumes, Near Newport or Neoprius
was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch- Duke y^/i'erf, and
the States, where by the Valour of the Englifh, and the excellent Con-
duct of thofe Noble and Gallant perfons, Sir Francis and Sir Horatio
Vere^ the VxQioty was gained for the States.

The Province of Jrtois^ in Lat. Artefia & Arthejia^ united to the
Crown of France by the Tyren^an Treaty, from which it wasdifmem-
bred. It enjoys a mild and temperate Air, with a fertile Soil, produ-
cing all forts of Grain and Fruit, efpecially Wheat in abundance.

ArrOi Gallis^ Artrehatum^ antiquk, Origiacum Ttol. Atrecht Ger. Araz.-
zoj halis. The Capital City thereof conlifts of a high and Low Town,
both very ftrong ; lince thj late Conquefts of the French King, the
River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Veflels to go
beyond Vorvay. Hefdin, Hefdinum^ is a Regular Hexagon, by which
the River was Navigable as far as MontrmL Bafaulme^ Bapalma^ is a

place

Of the Spanifh Netherlands, 179

place that cannot well be Belieged, becaufe there is no Water in all the
Neighbourhood. Len/ is famous for the Victory of the French in the
year 16 ^%, where the Prince of L/^«e, and the Marquefs of Grj«^
were taken, with 20 Captains, <5ioo common Soldiers, 40 Great
Guiis, andpoEnfigns. Be//:7««eis fair and ftrong, and makes excel-
lent good Cheefe ; And T'erroane^ Tervama^ Tervcin^ is known by its
Ruins. At the Siege whereof. An. 1513. Maximilian the Emperor
ferved in Perfon under the Englifh Colours. St. Omers^ Audomaropolis
& F annum S. Audomari^ is a ftrong City, furrounded with Marflies,
wherein there are Floating Iflands. It is feated on the River y^^, well
fortified with Baftions, Half- moons, Ditches, e^c. \t vtdi% Anno 166 j.
afTaulted by Monfieur, at the fame time that Camhray was by the King
of France 5 and the Prince of Orange coming to its Relief, being de-
feated near Caffel^ the Town was yielded up. In (hort, the Riches of
the People, the Canal for Commerce, the Abby of St. Ber/i«, and the
Englifh Seminary of Jefuits, hive rendred it a place of no common
fame throughout all 'Europe,

Aire^ or Arien^ Lat. Aria, upon the Lie River, is a very ftrong
place, being environed on three fides by a Moori(h Level, and forti-
fied with good Ditches, Baftions, Half moons, Pvedoubts , Horn-
works, Counterfcarpj, &c. on the other fide it is defended with the
ft:rong Fort of St. James ^ot St. Francis s in July i<575,befieged by the
Marefchal de Hitmieres, and furrendred. ,

Haynault^ Hjnnona, by the Dutch Henegovc^ or Haingotv^ according to
the Report of the Inhabitants, and the Records of the Province, ac-
knowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords j how-
ever it has fince had other Lords.

Mms, called alfo M?«fe/, and Ber^^ew, the Capital City of H^zw^(7»7,
and one of the principal Cities in the Spanifh Provinces ; wonderful
ftrong by its Scituation, the Countrey round about being eafily over-
flowed. It is alfo very well fortified with all manner of Works, Con-
cerning the Surprifal of it. Anno 1572. by means of twelve Soldiers
pretending to be Wine-Merchants, obtained the Keys of the City, and
foletinfome Forces of Horfe and Foot, under Lewis oi Naffau^ bro-
ther to the Prince of Orange^ fee Meteran^ lib. 4. and Meurfms^ lib. 3,
Rerum Belgic. As for the Attempt upon the French Camp, in 1^78,
near M^wj, by the Prince of Grangers Guards, and the Englifh, undeJ
that Excellent Soldier and Valiant Earl of OJfory^ deferves a far better
Pen than mine to deliver it to Pofterity in a peculiar manner, and
among the greateft and raoft glorious Adions of this prefent Age.
Nofooner was Mons invefted,^«. i<5pi. but the King of France ar-

A a 2 rived

1 8 o Of th Spamfb Netk rUnds.

rived in the Camp, the 21/?. of Mjrc'y. The befieged al! along vigo*
roufly defended themfelves^ but on the 8//:?. of /Ipril.. the Burgherf,
fpurred on by the EcclefialHcks, and difcouraged by the Pvuiii of their
Churches and Houfes, forced the Governor to Capitulate ; and upon
the ptb. the Fre?2cb took pofTelTionof the Gate of Bartamont^ and on the
loth: the Garifon marched out to the number of 2400 men, and 280
Officers. The French put into the Town a Garifon of 4000 Horfe and
1 0000 Foot. 'Tis reckon'd that the Siege co£t Fr»n«e feveral Millions,
and above jooomen.

This County of Hainatdt contains four Principali'ies, Barhancon,
Chimai^ Ccnde, and Ligtte ; three Marquifates, AifauxyTnlon^Vergnks ;
and 15 Counts, 22 Baronies, 26 Abbies, 12 Signiories, 2 4 Fortified
Towns, and ^50 pieafant and rich Villages. The Eftate is ancient,
being fometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardemie, from which
it was divided and made a diftindt Earldom by .-;/^ewi^ Sirnamed the
Orphdine^ one of the youngetl Sons of Brwmlpb Count of Ardenne^
ilain by Vagobert a French King, who had this part, with Title of Earl
given him by Sigebert King of Aujhafia^ to be held under the Sove-
raignty of the French Kings, After long continuance ar.d often
changes, it was by Jaqueline the lall: Princefs ( wanting Heirs ), fur-
rendred (together with Holland^ Zeland^ and fVeji-Friefland , united
•in Families ) unto Fhilip the Gcod-. Duke of Burgundy^ her next Kins-
man. In whofe Houfe the Right ( but the Poffeition in the French
King ) now remaineth , at leaft the greatcft part. Valenciennes ,
Vakntiana , is a great, fair . and well fortified place , taken by
the French^ ^^11' lying upon the Schdd. ^ercetum^ ^efnoy 5 Lafki-
decium^ Landrtcyi Avenna^ Avefnes t, PhilrppeviJIa^ Fbilipville; and M<i-
rienburgb, Mariaburgum, are llrong places, all in the French Bing's
Power ; together with Binch , Bmcbium *, Mannumt , not far from it,
was one of the faireft Houfes in all the Countrey, Mary Queen of
Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Strudure. The
Battel of Senefj 1674. was one of the moi\ remarkable Exploits of
that exquifite General the Prince of Conde.

Luxemburgenfu Vncatus. The Dutchy of Luximhurg. It was fome-
times a part of the Principality of Jrdetmne. By the Emperor Charles
the Fourth made a Dukedom in the perfonof his Brother TFcnceJIaui.
By Elizabeth the laft Pr incefs, wanting Heirs, it was fold to Fhilip the
Goodi Duke of Burgnin. This Province contains in Circuit about 70
Leagues, or 200 Italian miles , it comprehends 20 Wall'd and Forti-
fied Towns,and between 1 1 or 12 hundred Boroughs or Villages. Its
chief City is Lmzenburg^ot Luxenbmn. in LatXutzenhurgumfir Luxenhur-

Of the Spamflj Nether Urds, 1 8 1

^Mw, & Lucemhur^um, (o called from the Image of the Sun Itheie
worlhipped ; from whence fomc will have it originally called Lucif-
burgum. Gnicciardin and others think it to be the AugnfiaRonundm-
rnm of Ptol. It is commodiouily feated on a Hiil, Ikong and well for-
tihed, but has fuffered much by the Injuries of War. It was taken
and plundered by the French^ under the Command of the Duke of
Orleance-, An. 154.2. As alfo the year following by the iame Enemy.
Anno 1552, The whole Countrey was laid defolate by the Army of
Henry the 2d. of France^ led into Germany againft CharUs the '^th. Nor
was it ever more barbaroufly pillaged and harafs'd, than by the Fremh
in July and Augu{i, An. 1673. And in An. 1674. the City was be-
iicged, and furrendred to the French.

Arlun^ or Ariumnn^ fo called from Ara Lwia ; it retains the Title of
a Marquifate.

The Dutchy of Mofelle lies along the Courfe of that River, between
Metz. and Triers, is now under feveral Lords and Mafters.

The Principaliry of Ardmnne is very Ancient, faid to have been
eredi-ed in the time of the M-riwingii^ the lirft Royal Family of the
Francks ; and to have been governed by fever -.1 brave Princes defcend^
ed from Chdion the (econd Monarch of that Nation.

The Earldom of Chyny is oi an ample Jurifdi<3:ion over feveral
Towns and Villages.

The Earldom of Rouffy^ formerly called St. Pauly of which little
memorable.

La Roche en Ardenne^ gives Title to an Earldom, made fuch by the
Ancient Kings ot France^ and formerly comprehended divers Lord-
fhips. Vurbny gives Title to an Earldom. Marville is the Capital
Town of a Lordaiip. Viandm^ Vknnen^ &Vienthal^ fuppofed to be
fo called from an Ancient Calile ereded hy t\\Q Vandalls about the year.
883, and by them called Vandelen i It gives Title to an Earldom which
did belong to the Family of Orange.

Bjjionac, Naif-Chateau St. Vit, Mars-en famenne^ or Alarche enf amines
are fmall Towns^ feme with Caiiles, and fome without Walls.

ThconviUe^Theonli Villa., CTTheonvilla^ by the Dutch Viedenhoven: LemS'
the i4r^of France was not much advanced in the hfth year of his
Age, ere he began to Triumph over his Enemies at the memorable
Battel of Kocrny, 1643 ana the g.^inin^ of Theonville by. the Conduct
of the Duke P* Anguim. Mmmedi. Mons medius. Vanvi'liers., Damu^
illerium^ belong to the French King : And Tuoix Ttf^dium^ by the French
Carijran. There are (ome Lands in the F- >rcii of Ardcn that belong to
theBilhopof Liege-, that is to fay, BoviUioni Bulliomm, with the Title

oS"

1 8x Of the Spanijh Netherlands-,

of a Vutchy^ and a (IrongCaftle upon the Rock or high Hill, whereof
was named thsithmous Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorain^ and thefirft
of the Latins^ King of Jemfakm. St. Hubert^ to whom the Huntfmen
make particular Devotions : And Rochefort, that beheld the French
Vid-ors over the Spaniards at the Battel of /Ivin^ in the year 1635.

Brabant^ Brabantia^ or Brachland , is a negleded or uncultivated
Soil} but the Art and Induftry of the Brabantines and Flemmingsh^ve
novi^ not only altered but improved their barren Lands, by fowing of
Flax, one Acre whereof is worth about 40 or 50 /. After the Flax
is pull'doff, they either fow the fame Land with Oats, and upon them
Clover- grafs feed, only Harrowing it with Bufties •, which Grafs,
after the Oats are mowed, yields a very great Pafture, and is cut three
times in a year, and continues good for four or five years together j
or elfe after the Flax , they fow Rye and Turnips j what Turnips
they do not fell, they give to their Cattel, beating the Roots and
Leaves (well-wafli'd ) together, and then boyling them in water,
which makes their Cattel not only fat, but to yield a greater quantity
of Milk. They alfo convert their heathy Land into Hop-Grounds,
Orchards, and Nurferies for Pear, Apple, Cherry, and Walnut Trees,
and alfo Oaks, Allies, and Elms ; whereby they make a vafl advan-
tage by their Linnen, Paper, and Oyl, which with the help of their
Windmills they prefs out of the Seeds of their Flax and Turnips. I
(hall here only add to the Reproachof our own Sloth and Negligence,
what hath been credibly reported , That there was no lefs than
1 00000 /. worth of Flax yearly brought into England from Foreign
Countries. But enough, and perhaps too much upon this SubjecfV.
The States of Trabant confift of, i. The Ecclefiafticks, or Abbots.
2. The Nobles, viz. Dukes, Marquefles, e^c 3. The Deputies ofrthe
'^hief Cities. It is divided into four Quarters, called Tetrarchies,
and diftinguiflied by the Names of their four principal Cities, Brujfels,
Lovainey Antwerp, and Boijleduc. BruJJels, or Bruxch, is a City very
well peopled , the Seat of the Governor, in whofe Palace is room
enough to lodge feveral Kings.

The Number 7 is obfervablein many things belonging to this City:
viz, 7 publick Fountains; 7 principal Streets leading to the great
Market-place, about which ftands 7 (lately Houfes 5 here ?,re alfo 7 Pa-
rifli Churches, 7 Noble Families j 7 Licenfed and Sworn Midwives,
7 Gates of Doric Work, each leading to a different Pleafure or Ex-
ercife : The Lonvain Gate to Fowling, the Algidomontana Gate to Fifh-
ing, the Anderlecht to pleafant Fields, the Flandrian to Pafture Grounds,
the Laken Gate to Springs and Vineyards, the Mechlin to Gardens 5

here

Of the SpAm[h Nether U >2cls. i g ,

here was alfo at one time 7 Crowned Heads. The Church of St. Gu-
duU is one of the faireii in all the Country. The Palace feated upon
a Hill, is a mofi: magniHcentand ftately piece of Building j adjoining
to which is a large fpace of Ground enclofed with a Wall, containing
in it whatever can be fubfcrvient to the Pleafures and Diverlion of a
Prince; as Grotto's, Ponds, Water-works, Gardens, Walks, and
places appropriated to different and-particular forts of Recreation. The
Senate-houfe is a noble Pile of Building. The Tower is adorned with
a Brafs Statue of St. Michael the Titular Angel of this City. The Pa-
laces of the Nobility are magnificent, the Houfes of the Citizens fiately
and fine. The Eccho is admirable, refledting the Voice 15 times:
about three Leagues from it Hands the ample and famous Abby of y^/-
flin^en.

The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greateH Undertake-
ings in the Low-Countries , wherein there are prodigious Sluces j for
the making whereof, Sums of Money, no lefs prodigious, were ex-
pended. The Neighbourhood of the Foreft oi Sognies lies very con-
venient for Hunting.

Lovaine, Lovanium^ which (bme affirm to be the Capital City of
Brabant^ is one of the biggeil: Cities of Europe, with a famous Univer-
lity , which gives the Natives occaiion to call it a City of Scho-
lars ; Brujfels, a City of Courtefans ; Antvperf^ a City of Merchants 3
ajid Mdines, a City of Advocates, by reafon of its Parliaments. It
is pleafantly feated upon the River Dele 5 it contains 1 1 Market-places,
1 1 Principal Streets, 140 LcfTer ; 1 4 Mills, 16 Bridges, and 4 Foun-
tains for publick ufe. About the Year 1350 are faid to have been at
leaft 40000 Weavers Shops, upon each of which at leafl: 30 or 40
feveral perfons depended for work and livelihood ; the Hall or Stadt-
Houfe is large and cofily, adorned with variety of Figures of the moft
curious Worknnpanfhip > the Caftle is feated on the top of a Hill , fur-
rounded with Vineyards and pleafant Gardens, and a healthy Air.
Half an hours Journy from Louvain ihnds a Palace of the Duke of
Anfcbot^ the way leading thereunto is wonderfully rare; but the
Houfe for magnificence, pleafure and convenience, has perhaps not
masiy Rivals in Europe. Other lefler Towns in the Quarter of Louvain
are 7ionen or Ttlmont^ Lat. 7ban£ -, In the Year 1^75. much ruined by
the French. S. T'ruyen^ or St.. Trou^ Lat. Centrones, its Walls were de-
moliftied, and its Gates blown up by the French. Strong Leen?e, Lat.
Levia, upon the R. Greet. Vieli^ or Viefiheim^ upon the K. Vemer. gives
title to a Barony, now appertaining to the Prince of Orange. Gem-
hloitrj^ Gemblicum Lat. feated upon the fteep of an Hill, envi-
roned

184 Of the Sp(tmjh Netherlands,

roned by Precipices and deep Vallies. Hakn^ Lat. Hala. Sichen.

Judoigiie or Gddirnac. Hamuye, & Landen^ are pretty confiderable

Piaces.

Tilkmunt was taken by force in the Year 1(535 by the Fr^wc^ and
HoUafiders, NrJlIr: is made remarkable by her Religious Covent of
42 Nuns, who muft be not only Virgins and Legitimate, but both by
Father and Mother of Noble Extradlion for four Defcents ; for the fine
Linnen-cloth made there ; and for the fair High-ways round about it.
Vilvorden upon the K\\'qv Sinne^ glories in an ancient Calile, the Grand
Fvepofitory of the R.ecords of Brabant.

Sai(f\ a fmall Village, Ls lately memorable for the Battel fought be-
tween the Vtttch, Confederate with Spin^ the Empire, and the Forces
oi France-, Ann. 1674.

Marquifateof the Empre derives its Name from its Scituation, lying
upon theAncientBoundsofFr^wce^and the Empire,and whither the Em-
perors were wont to fend Governours , which they called Marque/fes.
There is only the City of Antn^erp in li^Atmcittum & Aduatacum J^iu Be-
cano^Anduverpum al. Antuerpia, Antwcrpm incolis, Antwerp Anglis. Anveret
Hifp. Anvtrs Gal. Antorfi Germ. Anverfa halis. One of the taircft and
moil pleafant Cities in all the Low-Countries ; tor which Rearon,CW/ex
the Firli called it his Holy-day City : The Importance of the Scituati-
on hath caufed it to be firongly fortihed with ten great Ballions and
one of t\\(!i rtrongeft Citadels in Europe ; flank'd with hve great Baftions
lined with Brick and Free-ftone. This Cittadel was built towards
the higheft part of the River, that it might command the City, and
be fucccured from that part of the Country which was fubjedi to its
Prince. The Duke of Alva^ w!io built the Cittadel, caufed his Statue
to be (tt up, which was afterwards taken down. The Jefuits in Ant-
vperp have a Church built all of Marble, which is faid to be the faireft
which they have in the World. The Church dedicated to the BlefTed
Virgin is a very magnificent Stru^urei in which are 66 Chappels aiid
Altars curioufly built, and fumptuoufly adorn'd with Statues and Fi-
xtures, One of the Towers adjoining to this Church is fiid to be 420
foot high, befids its top or Cover, which is 5 foot, and a Crofs up-
on that 16 foot more. As to its Trade and number of Inhabitants,
the Year 1 568. may be accounted its grand ClimaBerk. Then it was
that 2500 Ships were feen together upoii the Scheld, and 400 Veffels
obferved to come up with the fame Tide. Thit 2co Waggons arri-
ved every day laden with PalTengers, and loooo Country Carts em-
iployed in a d^y in the carriage and conveyance of Goods ; and 50P

Coaches

Of the Spanijb NethtrUnds, 185

Coaches trolling about for the eafe and diverfion of the Richer fort.
Then it was that they numbred 2cccoo Inhabitants, and tiourillied
exceedingly in all forts of Commerce.

Brzdd, 8 Leagues diltant from Antmrp^is confiderable for its bignefs,
well built, and populous, and of great ftrength. The Lordihip of it
belongs to the Prince of Orange, who has a Cafile and fair Palace in
the Town, furprifed and taken b^ the Spaniards^ Ann.i 581. recovered
by aStratagennof 80 Soldiers hid under a quantity of Turf in a Boat,
in the Year 15-^0. Its Siege, which lalied nigh a whole year, was
very rennarkable ; but all hopes of Relief at length vanifhing , it was
furrendred to the Spaniards at the end of Afjy, i <52 5. yet in Jn- 1 537.
by the indefatigable Valour, and excellent Conduct of Prince Frederic^
it was put into the pofTelfion oi the Vmted Provinces.

The Fort Lillo^ fatuate upon the Scheldt thr^e Leagues from Ant-
vperp^ is in the pofleilion of the States^ under whonj it hath been gra- :
dually augmented to the bignefs of a fmall Town. Oppofite to which
is the Fort Liefk^njhoeck,, both which being repoffefs'd, and its Foitifi-
cations rebuilt by the Dutch^ is a great Curb to the Trade of Antwerp^
all VelfJs being conftantly fearch'd which pafs to or from that
City.

Ltre^ Lira Lat. is a neat and pleafantly feated Town, therefore the
Rirtircment of Perfons of Quality and Merchants , whom a happy
temper of mind has blefs'd no lefs with Content, than Fortune with
Riches. Herentals is a firong place. Hwgjiraten hath the Title of an
Earldom. Bergen Op Zoom Lat. Berg£ adZonam^ raifed to the Dignity
of a Maiquifate by Charles the Fifth s it is a firong and well fortitied
place, the Buildings fair and handfome, the Church of St. Lawyer/,
and the Marquils's Palace are worthy of commendation.

Soon after the violating of the Paciiica'icn of Gaunt, it was deliver-
ed into the hands of the States'. About the Year 1588. beneged in
vain by the Prince of Parma^ being l^outly defended by the Englifh un-
der Vrury and Morgan^ Ann. 1622. it was in vain befieged by Spinola ,
never was place more furioufly affaulted, and feldom any more coura-
giouily defended.

By rhe Peace of Nimeq^hen concluded Amu i6y^. the Marquifate of
Bergen OpZ'Wm, with its Appendences, &c. as alio all Rights, Adlions,
Privileges, &c. was rellored to the Earl of Aitvergne^ one of ih^French
King's chief Commanders. Steenbergen^ not far from the Sea, polfef-
fcd by the Spaniards in Ann. 1 622. but after the railing of the Siege of
Bergen Opz,oom^ it was retaken by Prince Maurice, afterwards ftrergth-

B b ned

1 86 Of the Spmi[h Netherlands.

ned with new Ramparts and Bulwarks , and with divers new Forts
and Redoubts.

Samultt^ a large Fortrcfs, defigned to have been built with 7 great
Bulwarks, and other Works ^ but a Fire, and the violent Inunda-
tions of the Sckldi were exceeding prejudicial to the Span'tjh Purpofes
and Endeavours.

The City oi Bois- le-Vir. ^ by the French Bolduc^ in Latin Silva Ducts
& BufcHtn Vucis^ in Vittch Hmo^m Bofch , gives denomination to the
fourth and lall Quarter of Brabmt ; feveral Canals run through this
City, over which lies $■ i Stone Bridges, and 38 Wooden ones. The
City is feated upon a Hill in the midllof a Fenny Level, of a great ex-
tent, well fortified with a flrong Wall, a deep and broad Ditdi, fiout
Bulwarks and Ramparts, and all other Works, as the Ingenuity and
Experience of Modern Ingineers could invent to render a Town, To
commodioufly fcituated as this is, little lefs than impregnable. After
the taking of Maejiritcht, Ann. i57p. it fell into the hands of the
Prince of Parma. Ann. 1601, it was bcGe^ed by Px'mce Maurice, but
relitved by Arch-Duke v^lbert. But in the Year i62p. it was, after a
tedious and difficult Siege , yielded up to H.nry Frederic Prii xe of
Orange. Begirt by the French, Ann. 16^2. but the King's unexpected
Departure for France, Tmenne quitted the Siege, and marched higher
into the Country.

Bois-le-duchdS a large Jurifdidion, comprehending Lampin, Peland,
Maefland\ the Diftrid: of O/ferjayc/^, and the Towns oi Hdmont, Find-
hoMcn, Megen, Ravefiein, and Grave. Helmont is watered by the R.iver
^f, it gave birth to Andreoi Hdmondanm , as the adjoining Village
Breeck^ to Geropius Becanus. Findhovm is a little walled Town upon the.
Dommel. Megen gives title to an Earldom. Ravifiine is defended by
a good Caftle. Grave is a place of great Concern, the Fr nee of Orange
is Lord of it. This City is head of the fmall Earldom of Cuyck^, it
commands a confiderable Pafs upon the Maes, and is very lirongly for-
tified. In the Year 1586. it was furrendred to the Prince of Parma
bytheCowardife of the Governour, who therefore lo/i his Head. In
^i««. 1602, it was after a Siege of two months by Prince Maurice^ re-
du'^ed under the Obedience of the Confederate States, until the Y-ar
i6y2 when it was taken by the French, the Garifon defcrting the
place upon the approach of 40 or 50 of the Enemies Horfe ; by the
French it was more (fiongly fortified, and made their Storc-Houfe,
But Ann. 1 675. the Dmth, after- a clofe Siege of 3 or 4 Months,
carried on with moft furious asid continued AHaults, it was yield-
ed up»

Michlis-,

Of the Spanifh Netherlands. 187

Michlin or Malines is the Refidcnce of the Parliament o{ th.^ Catho-
/icJl^ProTwcTJ' of the King of Spain. Her Territories are very fraall,
confiding of about nine Villages, yet making one of the j7 Provinces.
Mechlin enjoys a very healthy and temperate Air, the River T>de runs
thorow the midil of it, dividing the City into divers Iflands, united
by a great number of Bridges , the Tide ilows up the River about a
League above the City ; it is well fortified , and may be laid under
Water. Gwcctardin tells us of a dreadful Tempeft which happen'd
here in the Month oi Aitguji, 1 54<5. in which the Lightning gave fire
to 2000 Barrels of Powder in a Tower near the Sandpord ; a fevere
and lamentable Providence ! It is reported, That the Women of M«-
lines^ when they are ready to Lye- in, go into Brabant to be brought to
Bed, to the end their Children may enjoy the Privileges of the Bra-
handers^ which are very great and advantagious, granted by the grace
and favour of feveral Emperors , and by the goodnefs and condefcen-
tion of their proper Princes. There is alfo in Brabant the Dukedom
of Arfchot, and the Earldom of Hoochfiraten. The whole Country is
faid to contain 80 German miles in compafs, 26 Towns ftrongly forti-
fied both by Art and Nature, and 17 other which enjoy great Privi-
leges. The Inhabitants have been accounted a Warlike People, but
none of the wifeft j of whom Erafmut's Proverb was , Brabanti quo
magis fenefcunt eo magts fiultefctent,

Namur^ Namurcnm , is a Town of con(equence , by reafon of the
pafTage over the Meufe^ in that part where the Sambre falls into her.
Marble, Slate, and Sea-coal are thence tranfported. It was about
the beginning ot J«w, i6()2. that the Fnnch having amafs'd all their
Forces together, that they fet down before Namttr •, the Town quickly
furrendred, but the New Fort and Caftle made a vigorous defence ;
which coil the Frerkh the lives of m.any men and Officers j but being
over- powered, on the 3 o of Jun^ the Garifon capitulated, and march-
ed out. Cbarhrny^ Carolo-Regium, upon the Sambre^ is one of the beft
Fortrelles of the Low-Countries^ fince it fell into the hands of the French^
reflored by the Treaty of Nimeguen to the Spaniards.

Limbnr^h.^ Limburgum^ has only the Town of the fame Name, which
is of any Remarque, with a flrong Cailile upon a Rockj taken by the
French King in the Year K575. Valh^nburg^ FalcobHrgiim^ Lat. Fauque-
mont., and Vakm^ two Earldoms, area part of this Dutchy. Rolduc^
Rod(-le-I)itc, by the Dutch., Hirtogen Rode, is a little neat Town. Cam'
pen is a fpacious Village, guarded with a ftrong Calile.

The Country of Liege belongs to its Biftiop, to whom the Inhabi-
tants formerly gave the Title of Grace. He is elected by the Chapter,

B b 2 who

i88 Of the Spamjh Netherlands,

who formerly refided at Tongres^ or 7ongeren , Civitof tmgrnrum Ptol,
& Advatuca T'ongromm. Here flourifhed in the time of the Romans^ an
ancient Billiop's See , after the Invafion and fpoil by Attiloi and the
Hims^ by whom the Town was facked and deliroyed in the Year 4^8,
it was removed by St. Savatm to Maefireich ; afterwards in the Year
713. by St. Hubert it was removed to Luic}^ or Leige ^ where now it
refteth. The Bifhoprick is of a large extent, and has many places
within the Limits of the Neighbouring Provinces. Leige, Leodicum
& Leodium^ is a City of Trade ; and as they fay, the Paradife of the
Ecdelialhcks. Ic is Remarkable, that in the Year 1131. there were
among ^he Canons of the Cathedral Church, nine Sons of Kings,
14 Sons of Dukes, 29 Sons of Earls, and 7 Sons of Barons. The
Eledtor of Cologne^ Prince thereof, caufed a Cittadel to be built there.
The Cathedral of Lkge beareth the Name of St. Lambert, who was Bi-
fhop of M;?e/?r/c;b, marthered by Vodo^ &c. about the Year 612. The
Cittadel ftandeth upon a Hill, and is of great llrength, built to keep
the City in fubjedion, lince the Year i6^p. Maeflreich^ for its Forti-
fications, and the famous Sieges which have been laid to it, in that
of 1673. the Englijh fignaliied their Valour under the Condudt of
the Duke of Monmouth. The Treaty of Nimeguen reftored it to the
Dutch, who now polTefs it. The Quarry of Stone about a quarter of a
mile from the Town, is one of the nobleft in the World, for furpalling
the Cave oi Cujioza or Cubola, faid to be 500 fathoms in breath, and
700 in length. This is two miles in length under ground, high and
ftately, no Labyrinth can be contrived more intricate, and yet all
parts uniform. Maejireich that formerly was faid to belong to the
Duke of Brabant ; and Ifkk^^ that was an Appurtenance to the Bi-
(hop of Leiges Territories. The Spa is a neat Village in the F^oreft
o( Jrdenna , feated in a bottom encompafTed with Hills. A place
which for the vertue of its Mineral Springs is as famous as beneti-
cial to Mankind. Mae(ireich , Trajedum ad M>fjm, is compofed of
two Towns.

Camhrefes, now almoft environed by the Territories oi^ France. The
City of Cambray, Cameracum, by the Dutch, Camarkkjs, has two good
Cittadels, the guard whereof was feldom committed to any other
than Natural Spaniards. There is a Sun- Dial of tlngular Workman-
fhip, wrought by a Shepherd : It is a Town, which in times of Peace
yearly expofed to Sale above <5ocoo Pieces of tine Cloth. It was ta-
ken by the French at the beginning of the Year i<577. though before,
the King'? of Spjifi^ uncontrad idled by the Emperor, did appropriate
to themkk'es the Temporal JmiWidiion oiCambray, as bdng of the

' ;; fame

Of the SpAnifh Netherlands. 189

fame Nations and the Archbiftiops thereof in vain follicited for their
re-eftab]i(hment. Thofe Prelates were called Archbilhopf, and Dukes
of Cambray, Earls of Camhrifis , and Princes of the Holy Empire, tho
generally they neither hid Seat or Voice in their Diet.

The Extent of thefe Provinces is but firiall, but it is one of the befl
peopled, and richeft fpots of Ground in the World ; more wholfome
than formerly ; toward Germany Hilly and Woody, as we have faid ;
but towards the Sea, generally fertile, and full of Pafi:ur.:igc. The
Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces, are the Khine^ the Mmfe^ and
the Scheld. The Rhine rifes in Srvitz^erland ^ running chiefly through
Germany. After ir has divided it felt at Fort Schenh^^ as it enters into
the Low- Countries^ it mixes with feveral other Rivers, and lofeth its
Name in the Sand a little below Leyden in HMjnd. The Meufe^ which
falls out of France and Lorrain , has (his Advantage above the Khiney
that (he retains4iei Naine, and prelerves her Waters unmix'd till (he
fall into the Ocean, where Ihe m^ikes feveral good Ports. The Scheld
was formerly the Limits between France and the Empire^ in the time
o( Charles the Bald. htGamt^ the lix, a Navigable River, falls into
it; and before it wholly lofeth its Name, it divides its felf into two
principal Aims ; of which, the Left, which they call the Hout j and
the Right, which flows to Ty/e;?, falls into the Matfe. Beiides thefe
Rivers, and thofe that fall into them, there are Cuts, Channels and
Mailhes, which ferve the Inhabitants both for Trafrique and De-
fence.

l^O

f France.

FRdiicz AngVis , Y rancid Italis & Hifpjnis , Frarckreicb Gtrmanis^ Al'
frar.oui 'turc'is^ Gallia C^f. Plin. &c. The Hr(i Inhabitants of France
were the AndcntGauls^ who p:illing the Alps^ under theCoi c^ud: of
BcllovL'fus^ Conquered the nearcil: pirts of Italy^ called Galia Cijalp;nai
and under that oiScgovejiis. over- run the greateft part vi Germany. The
fame Nation under the Command of Bremn^Sj dilcomhttd the Romans^

of Frame. i^i-

at the River Allia, Tacked the City, and bcfieged the Capitol. The/c
were the Men who ranfacked lUyrkum , Famionia, Ihrace and Greece -,
and plundred the Temple ofVelphos : But at laft were totally fubdued
by Julm C£far, but not without much difficulty ; for they did not
then fell their Liberty at To cheap a rate as other Nations did, ( ip2ooo
of them being llain, before they would fubmit to the Roman Yoak j by
whom the Country was divided into four parts, viz.. Narbonenfis, or
Bracata^ containing Langued^c, Dolphin, and part of Savoy, 2 Aquta-
nica, (from the City Aqna Augujia^ now V yicqu:) comprehending
Gafcoign, Guienm , Saintonge, Limofvi , ^erci^ Perigort, Berry, Bnwbon-
mis and Juv^rgne. 3. Celtica, containing the Provinces of Bretagne,
Normandy, Anpu. T'^urain, Maine, La Beaufe, the Ifle of France, part of
Campagne, the Dukedom oi Burgundy, and the County of Li noife. 4. Bel-
gica, containing Picardy, the remaii^der of Champagne.. Bitrgnidy, and the
Spanijh Netherlands. Long if Itood not in this Ibte 5 for about tl^e Year
4v?o. Hmorinf being F.mp ro; , the Gothsy having overrun Spain and
hdly, ieiu part oi fheir Forces and fubdued Galh.a Narkmcnfis, calling
hLanmide Goth, afterwards corruptly Languedoc. Then extending
tiieirConqueft unto th: Rivcr Ligerit, now Loire., they founded a King-
dom, the principal Seat whereof was at Tholoufe.

About the fame time, xhz BHrgmidimes , or Burgundiant , a people
that iiihabitcd part of the Country of the Cajfubii, and part of the
Country of the Mjrquifate of Brandenburg, together with the Fandalls
and Suethes, feizcd upon orher pirts of France, and conftituted a King-
dom called Burgundy., comprehenling both the County and Dutchy of
Burj^undy., the County of Lwnuife , Dauphme, Savoy and Provence, who(e
chief City was Anlate, now y^rles.

A )Out the fami: timealfo, the Franks, a German Nation, having
palTed the Rhine, feized upon the adjacent Territories of France^ where,
founding a Monarchy (under their hrllKing Pharamond, al, Waramond)
gave it the Name oi France.

France lies ejccellently compad together, between the moft FlouriHi*
ing S;atcs of Chiiftcndom, and in the mid.^le of the Northern Tempe-
rate Zone, where the Lihibitancs breathe a moll: ferene and healthy
Air. In (hort, it is Rich, Fertile, and well ; eopled ; there being.
reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns a;.d Cities.

Irs Length from Calais toToalon is about 620 miles, 73 to a degree,
the Bre-dth from Brji to the Borders of Lorrain, or from Baine to Nice
in Picdmnt is not more than 4p2. miles. I well know all other Au-
thors falfcly make it much more. Molt of her Cities are equal to Pro-
viaces, and moft of her Provinces are equal to Kingdoms.

192 ^f Fra?7ce.

H^r Corn, her JFi/ie, her Salt^ her Linncn Cloth., her Paper^ and fe-
\CT3.\ Manufadnref^ inrich <he hihabitants.

Tlie Limits and Bounds of this Kingdom have been various ; at
prefcnt, (aiih a.Fr(ncIj Geographer, the KifigsConqmih cannor be bound-.
ed, not by the Khnic, nor by the Ocean^ nor by the Vynneans.^ nor by
the Alps. . And thofe that are not altogether Grangers to the world,
will acknov.'kdge. That of all the Kingdoms of E?fr,/?c' there are none
but may be faid to be inferior to France in fome rcfpe^l or other. The
greatnefs of its Territories, tl:e populoufnefs of it, the nuniber of
I heir Nubility and Gentry, their natural Courage, with the advantage
of their Military Actions, and Warlike Ex.rcifes, the Scituation of
their Coup.trey, the fruitfulnefs 2nd riches of the Soil , the prodigi-
ous quantity of-all Commodities and Manufaduves, and the great
Revenues of their Kings. Thefe Advantages have in all Ages raifed
in them afpiring thoughts of the Eredtion of a new Weftern Empire.
And how far this prefent King has gone ( by his Acquifuions ot late
years ^ therell of the Princes of Z^/r^'/Jt-may confider of.

The Kingdom is H^rreditary, and by an ancient ConHitution, as they
pretend, called the S a liqae Law, never falls itito a Female Succeffion,
And by the Law of Apennages^ the younger Sens of the Kirg cannot
have pirtage with the Elder. Tiie King's Eldeft Son is called the Daw
phine. The M narchy, which has rtood ever lince the yeav 420. hath
been up'neld by the three Royal R.ces, ot Marovimm, ijrolinian, and
Capctine, in a Line of 55 Kings. Pepin ihc ftiort, Son of Charles Mar-
tf/depofed C/A'/^vr.'c^the hft of the MaovtgnianLmQ^ the Pope appro-
ving and confirming of it.

About the year f? 1 8, Hugh Capet, Earl 0^ Paris, cuttd the Caroline
Family. Since this Capetine Race has gone in three Families ^ tirft in
a direct Line till 1.328. then in the Houfe of Valois, till Henry the
Fourth, of the Houfe of Bomhon, Anno i5Sp.'

Among other Titles, the King hath that of Mft Ckrijlian^znd Eldeft
Son of the Churchy bellowed upon him by the Pope.

The Arms have been Three Flower de-luces Azure, in a Field (?r,
ever t;nce Charles the Sixih.

TheChriliian Pveligion washcre Hrfl planted by Martialis among
the Giitds i hut among the French by Rermgius^ in the time of Clovis the
Great. At prefent the people are divided, fome following the Roman.,
others the Preformed Religion, which have occalloned two feveral
Malfacres, viZ'ihit of Merindol and Chahti.res 1545. upon the Bor-
ders of France and Savoy , the Other that at Paris.^ 1572. and now
this late Perfecution.

The

Of France, 195

The Kingdom is compofed of three Orders or Eftates j the Clergy-^
the l<iohiUty, and Commons. There are 16 Jrchbifhops, 106 Bifhops^
befides thofe of Arras, Tournay, and Perpignan: 16 Jbbots, Hcids ot
Orders, or Congregations-, about '^0000 Cttratejhips, befides many
other Eccleftaflical Vignities \ Several general and particular Govern-
ments, 1 2 Ancient Peer (hips ^ and divers of new Creation ; a great nunv-
ber of Principalities, Dukedoms , Marquifates, Earldoms, Baronies, and
other Lordflnps : Eleven Parliaments, eight Chambers of Accounts, 22
Generalities, ct Publick,? laces oi ?y.Qcdtoi the King's Revenue.

There are four Principal Rivers ; the Seine, whofe Water is account-
ed theftrongeftin the vi^orld, and more wholfome to drink than
Fountain- water. The LwVe, King of the French Rivers ; the Garonne,
moft Navigable ; and the Rhone, or Kofne, moft rapid. By others thus
Charaderized 5 the Lorre tht fweeteft, the R^<j«c the fwifteft, the G^-
ronne the %tedite{\, and the Seine the richeft.

The Seine rifeth in Burgundy, w^tcnn^ Paris z\)d Roane, disburthen-
Ing it felf into the Englijh Channel. The Sequanaoi C£far,

The Loyre rifeth about the Mountains of Auvergne, being the higheft
mFrance, vfZttxmg'Mantes and Or/e.;?n«,and augmenting with 72 Idkt
Rivers, mingleth its fweet Waters in the Bifcain or Gafcoigne Sea. The

Ligeris of Cafar.

TheKhone, ot Rhofne, fpringeth up about three miles from the
Head of the Rhine, watering Lions, Avignon, &c. and taking in 15
lelTer Rivers, falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Aries. The Rhoda-

nw of C£far. ,., , , , tt, 1,

The Garonne, running from the Pyrenean Hills, glidethby the Walls
of Bourdeaux dwdi tbolcufe, and with the addition of 16 other Rivers
dilates it felf into the jiquitain, now Bifcain Ocean. 7heGarumnaof

Cafar. t ^ r /-

The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebenna by C<e}ar,Cam-
mani Ptol & Ital. running zhn^by Langttedoc,Chevennes, and Auvergne,

now les Sevennes.

The Jura C£f. Jnraffm Ptol. which divideth the Frewc^ County from
Savoy and the Smjfes, now called by feveral Names.

The Vogefus, almoft Encircling Lorrain, and dividing it from JIfaita
and Burgundy, now Vauge Mons, &cc. r n. 1

There are feveral Divifions of France, which relpect the Church i
the Nobiliiy, the Courts of Juflice, and the Finances. But it fuffices here
to fay, That the general ftate of the Kingdom was held, ^w, 1614,
after the Majefiy of Len^is the Xllhh. and that then all the Provinces
met under 1 2 great Governments : Four of thefe Governments lye to-

C c ward

1 94 ^f Fra»se,

ward the North upon the Seine, and thofe other Rivers that fall info

it, viz. Piccardy., Normandy, the JJle of Fr.ince, and Champagne,

Towards the middle, adjoining to the Loire, Bretagne^ Orlenoife, Bour-
gpgne, Lionnoife. The other four, toward the South, near the Garonne^
viz. Guienne, Languedoc, Vauphine, and Provence: Under the Orlenoife is
comprehended Maine, Perche, and Beauce : On this fide of the Loire, Ni-
vernois, Touraine, and Anpu. j above the faid River, beyond it, Poi&ou,
Angoumois zx\A Berry.

Burgundy hath Bre^ : Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois-, Au-
vergne, Bourhonnois, and Marche : Under Guienne is Bearne.^ Gafcoigne and
Guienne it felf, Saintoinge, Perigort, Limofin^ Querci, and Kovergue : Un-
der Langiicdoc is Cevennes.

In each of thefe Governments are feveral great Cities, the chief of
which 1 (hall fpeak of in order, t'/zi. In Piccardy the Storehoufe of Paris
for Corn, is i. C«/^i^, called by C£far, Portm Jecius -, Partus Britanni-
cus, MorinorumPlin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the Englijh near 200
years, being taken by Edrvard the \\\d. after eleven months Siege, in
1^47. but unfortunately loft by Queen Mary^ '557. feated oppofite
toVoverin England, from whence it isdiftant about Ten Leagues : A
Itrong Towji of great importance, and accounted the Key of France.
Not far from Calais, at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the
French Nobility taken and ilain by King Henry the Fifth of England, viz.
5 Dukes, 8 Earls, 25 Lords, 8qoo Knights and Gentlemen, and
1 5000 common Soldiers..

2. Bulloign, Ctforijcum Navale Ptol. Partus Morinorum Plin. Civit, Bono^
nenfium Ant. Partus Gejforiacus of C£far ; a ikong Frontier- Town, ta-
ken by Henry the Vlllth. of England, 1 5-44. at which time the Empe-
ror Mjx/wi/ww bore Arms under the Englifh Crofs.

3 . Amiens , Samarobrina C<ef. Samarobriga Ptol, Civit, Amhianenfu Ant-
a Walled Town, feated upon the Scine^i well fortified with an Impieg-
nable Citadel, built by Henry the XSfth. But mod famous for its Cathe-
dral, fo beautified within, and adorned without, that 'tis the faireft
and moft lovely Structure in the Weft of Europe.

4. St. ^ujntin, Augufta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Vtromannorum Ant*
^in&inopolis & Fanum St. ^uin6fine in Scriptis Gall, two Leagues from
Augufia Veromanduorum, now Vermand, Baud. Crecie, the French Cann£,\z-^
mous for their great Overthrow, and the Vidory of the Englijh in the
Reign of P/^////» the Sixth. A ftrong Frontier- Town, memorable for.
the Battel there, An. 1557. where King Philip the IL of Spain, with,
the Englijh, under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke, overthrew,
the whole Forces of the French*

Laon^

Of France. 195

Lmn^ a Bifhop's See, whofe Bifliop is one of the Twelve Peers of
Trance^ Laudunum Ant.

Soiffonsy Augujiata Veffonmn Ftol. a Bifliop's See, the lafl: place the
Romans held in Gaul^ driven out by Clavis the Fifth.

5. Guifej of mofi Note for the Dukes of Guife^ a Family that in a
little time produced two Cardinals, and fix Dukes, befides many
Daughters married into the beft Houfes of France.

In Normandyiy formerly Neujiria^ are, i. Koven^ or Rojn^ Khotoma-
guf, Ptol. Kothomagits^ Ant. feated on the Banks of the River Seine^
over which there is a famous Bridge. Taken by H.nry the Fifth
after fix Months Siege, where were fami(hed 500C0, and 12 coo
Starvelings turned out of the Town. An Archbifhops See, and Par-
liament. In the chief Church, called Noftn-Vame, is the Sepulchre of
John Duke of Bedford. It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France^
and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are ufed.

Diepa, or Viepe^ a City of fome Trade, being a common Landing-
place for the Engli(h.y in their PafTage into France. And is famous for
its Fidelity and Allegiance to Henry the Fourth, when the C«(/?^« Fa-
<^on in derifion called him King of I>iepe.

Falecia^ or Falaife^ once a ftrongTown ; memorable for the Story
of Arkt the Skinners Daughter, of whom Duke Robert begat William
the Conqueror 5 in fpight to whom, and difgraceto his Mother, the
Englijh call Whores, Hjrlots. Here alfo was the Roy d'Tustot, and Ver-
nuil, when befieged by Philip the Second of France. King Richard the
Firft of England to keep his promife, broke through the Palace of
Weftminjier, and raifed the Siege. Gtfors is a firong Frontier Town.
^ Haver de Grace^ Nevehave-n by the Englijh, in Latin, Francifcopolis ; a
Cautionary Town to Q^cen Elizabeth. Partus Gratis oi old. Seez^Sa-
gium & Sainm, is a Bifhops Seat.

A/tranches, Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant.

CoMtances, Conjiantia Ant. Cherbourg, CxfarU Burgum, a firong Sea-
coaft Town.

Cherbourg Wic\, & La Hoguj, ftill laments as well as acknowledges
the Burning of 14. or i j French Capital Ships by the Englijh, Anno
i6p2.

Aumale., or Albemarle, Longmville, Alenfon, & Vamvil'e, gives the
Title of Dukedoms.

Bayeux, Cit. Bajocaffium Ant. Caen Cadomas, graced with an Uni-
verfity founded by King Henry the Fifth, King of England, and the
Abbey, with the Tombs of JViliiam the Conqueror, and Maud his
Wife.

C c 2 Lyfiux

1^6 ^f f ranee,

Lyfeux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant, Eureux Mediolamm Ptol &c. a Bifliops
See, rich and flourifliing.

The third Government is the Ifle of France, whofe City is Parif,
formerly Lmetia^ becaufe feated in a Clayie Soil, A City, that for
its Riches, Power, and Number of Inhabitants, may contend with
any in Europe^ Seated on the Seine, and on a Soil fo fertile, that no
City knows fuch Plenty ; 'tis Dignified with the Ordinary Refidence
of the King, its chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre, fo
rauchfam'd abroad: ThePahces of the Nobility, viz.. That of Lttx-
cmhmg, its Palace-Royal, its Church oi Noflredame, its Univcrfity ,
containing five Colleges ; the Halls of Juftice, the Courts of Parlia-
ment. The Efiglijh held it for 1 6 years, and there Crowned King Hew-
ry the Fifth, King of France.

In this Province, about three miles from Pm.f, is feated St. Vmnis,
Fanum S, Dionifii, famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings i
The Beautiful Houfe of Fount ain-belle-eau^ or Fons-bello-aqux, efteem-
ed one of thefairell Palaces in Europe. As alfo rhe Royal Manfion of
St,Germjin, feated on the Afcent of a Hill, feven miles from Paris,
down the Water. And Bois deVincennes, in which Henry the Fifth end-
ed his days.

Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois, the Silua Ne^ftm
of Ant. which gave name to the Frewc/? Kings of the Second Branch
of the Capets, which begun in Philip Vakis,Knr\o 1328. In his Reign
was fought the Battel of Crecie, Anno 1343. where was ^im John
King of Bohemia, 11 Princes, 80 Barons, 120 Knights, and 30000
comm.on Soldiers.

In Champaigm, the chief City is Kheimes, Vnrocorttun of C£f. Vuro'
cotontm Ptol. Famous for being the place where the French Kings are
commonly Crowned and Anointed : Therein alfo is Langres, Andoma-
tmum of Ttol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France. Trois, the
Augujhmana of Ptol. & Civitas Tricajfmm of Ant the meeting-place of
Charles the Sixth, and Henry the 5^/7. Kings of France and England,
where the Victorious King was efpoufed to Katherine Daughter to
King Charles aforefaid.

Bretagne. or Britany, of old Armorica, Co called from the Britains,
who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in
England. Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Kichmond. Its Sea-Forr
Towns are, Ereji, VendanaPortns, feated upon a fpacious Bay, the Key,
the Bulwark, and bell: Harbour in France. St. Maloes, Aletha & Macls^
vium, built on a Rock ; aftrong, fair, and populous City, yet often
fpoiled and damaged by the Englijh, Inland Towns are, Nants,Con-

divincum

Of Trance* 197

divincumPtoi. CH' Natmetum Ant. featcd on the Baiiks of the Loyre '•>
and Rennes^ Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City
for this County. Vames, TyarioriTwn Ptol. Cit. Vemtum Ant. (fcituate
on a capacious Bay) the chief Town of the Old Vemti. Qjshipcr
Ccrentin^ Corifopitum ^nt. S, Brkux^ Briocam. Vol, Volis* Tregxier^ 'Tn-
corium^ dim Ofifmi. S, Pol de Leon., Leona^ are Bilhopricks. Morlaix,
Mom Relaxuf^ Port Louis^ Blaiietj are well-frequented Ports.

The Government of Orleance comprehends Mj/«e, PtrcJy^ Beauce^ Ni-
vernoif., louraine^ y^n]isu\ once the Title of H:nry the Second, King of
England^ and Earl of An]ou. Its chief Cities are,

1. Orleance^ of old, Gennahum of Ctef.& Sirah. Cenabitm Vtol. Aft-
rel'u. Its pleafant Scituation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and
delight ul. Once the Seat- Royal of its own Kings, now the Title of
the Second Son of France, It long felt the force of an Englijh Siege,
where died Great M^w/^zcw^e Earl of Salisbury. On the chief Bridge
of this City is the Statue of Joanxht Tualle de Dien^ or Maid, fo af-
fiftant to the French in repelling the Englijh^ and railing the Siege of
Orleance, M/)'the I2f/^, 1429. Burnt alive by the Englijh, An. 143 i.
after which time the Affairs of the EngUp grew worfe and worfe ;
for in An. 1435. Charles the BurgundianitW off; and in 1453. Talbot^
a man of great Valour and Condudt, v/as flain ^ and nothing was
left to the Englifl} but CV/ce, of all that the £«^///^ had got in two and
forty years.

2. Mxns^ {Cit.Cenomannornmhy Antonius ; hy Ptol.Vidinum,)
Vendofme^ which gave name to Antonio, Father to Henry the Fourth.
3.. Cbaftres^ Carnutum j^it. Ptol. Autricum, fejted on the Loire; a-

fair and pleafant City, diguilied with an Univerjity for the Study of
the Civil Law.

4. Never s^ Noviodmum., C£fjr. Nivernumal.Nivnnium Ant* upon t\\Q
Loire, dignified with an Ancient Dukedom.

5. Tours, C£farodu>HnPtol.7uronpLm Ant, where the Proteftants are
faid Hrft to have begun in Frj«ce, and were called Hugonots \ Nigh to
this place it was, that C/?i«r/ej- Martel, Father of King Pepin, in An. 732,
difcomtited an xArmy of about 4C0000 Saracens, of which wereilain
near 370000.

Blois, pleafantly feated,and in a good Air 5 where the Dixke oi Guifef,
the hrft mover of the Civil Wars, and contriver of the Maffacre at
Parif, was flain by the command of Henry the Third.

6. Angicrs, by Ptolemy called Juliufmajus , Andegl^vum Ant, of a
large Circuit, Vj'ell built, feated in a good Air, and made an Uni-

verlity.

19^ Of France,

verfity. Bejufort, belonging to the Duke of Lancafier, nigh which

Town was the Duke of Clarence, Brother to Henry the Fifth, flain.

7. VoiBiers^ by ?tol, Augufioritum, Civ. Pi&avorum Ant. an Univerfi-
ty, famous for the ftudy of the Civil Law, and for Greatnefs faid to
be next to Parii. In the Vine-fields, two Leagues from the City, was
fought that memorable Battel between John of France , and Edward
the Son of King Edward the IIW. firnamed the Black^Prince, who with
8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000, whereof 10000
were flain, befides Nobles i Prifoners taken were, Kin^John, and his
Son Philip, 70 Earls, 50 Barons, and about 12000 Gentlemen.

8. Rochcly fcated on the Aquitain Ocean • a place of great Trade,
and of greater ftrength, before it was difmantled 1627. witnefs its
many Sieges 5 An. 1570, by Jarvil. Anno 1573, by Byron with an
Army of 50000 men, and 60 Pieces of Artillery. 1575, and 76.
It was attempted by L^«^tT/j«. In I'yj 7 ^ by Lanfac. In the troubles
of 1585, and 88, it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre, and
Prince of Conde. Her Commodities, Rochel-lfine, Salt and Brandy.
RupelJa Ant. Mortus Santoritm, Ptol.

p. Angoukfme. Fnculifma al. Cit. Etolinenfium Ant.

10. Bo«r^e/, a Town of great ftrength by Nature, and well forti-
fied by Arr : fcituate in a low Flat, amongft deepimpailible Bogs and
Marfhes ; 'Tis an ArchbiOioprick, and one of the beft Univerlities in
France, called Avaricum in C£far^s time, of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum
Ptol,

Sancerre, a flrong Town, memorable for a defperate and long Siege
in the Reign of Charles the Ninth.

In the Province of Bmrgundy, once a Kingdom, is firft, Dijon, Divio-
num, built by the Emperor Aurdian ; proud in her Parliament, and for
giving Birth to St. Bernard-, feated upon the ^oj/we. Next are Aaxerre^
Aniijfiodorum Ant. Chalon, Cabullinum Strab. CahaWinum Ptol. CaviUonium
C£far, CaJirumGabalionenfe Ant. Mafcon., Caflrum Macifconenfe Ant. feated
upon the Soafne, the beft Hold of KingCW/e/ the Seventh, in his hard
VVars againft the Englilh.

Alize, now afmall Village, formerly Alexia, the chief Fortrefs of
Vercingeierix, who had 70000 men in the Town, when bcfieged by
C£far''> and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Cdfar, to re-
lieve their fellows \ notwithftanding all which, the Town was yield-
ed to Cddfar, and Vercingeterix fate at his feet, and became his Prifoner.
Philip the third, Grandchild to Philip the Hardy, united to this Dutchy
almoftall the Bdgic\ Provinces, but Charles his Son in the War againlt
lj:ms the Eleventh, loft his Men, Money, and Life, at the Battels

Of France. 199

of Granfon^ Moratznd Nancy ^ I47^« afterwards this Dutchy was fei-
zcd on by the French.

Adjacent to, and in the Government of Bmrgundy^'u Brejf^ the chief
Town thereof is Bourg^ or Brifs -, a place well built, and fo iirongly
fortified, that itis erteemed impregnable.

ThisCoLintrey wasby the Duke of Savoy delivered io Henry the IV.
of France^ in lieu of the Marquifateof Siluces^ 1600.

In the Province of Gum^ wherein are the Provinces of Gafcoign,
Guien and Bzrn., are many Cities, the chief whereof are , Bourdeaux^
Burdegala Strab. & Ptol. Git. Burdegaknfium Ant. feated upon the Banks
of the River Geronne 5 famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard
the II. o( England', at prefent honoured with an Univerfity and Par-
liament, and is a place cf good Trade. Near to this City is the fnnall
Village called Greve^ which yields thofe Excellent Wines, called Gr^z/ej-
IFine.

About the Year 125^. tervis of France gave unto Henry the Third
of England, the Dutchy of Guien, conditionally, that he fhould re-
nounce all Title to his other Inheritances. It continued Englijh till
1452.

In the particular Guien is the Province Saintoigne^ whofe chief place.
is Saintes^ Mediolanum o( old yStrab, Mediolanium PtoL Ctt. Santorum Ant,
2. The Province of Perigort^ whofe chief place is Perisuetix. VeJJuna of
Ttol. Cit. PetrogoriuTum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs, divided
into two Towns. 3. The Province oi Limofin, whofe chief place is
Limoges, Katiaftmn Ptol. Lemovicum al.Lemavicum Am. the Prifon of Beg-
gers. 4. The Province of ^er«, whofe chief place is Cahors, Vueona
Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City. 5. The Province of
Ravergue^ whofe chief place, is Kodez , Segodunum Ptol. Cit. Kotenorura\
uint.

In the Province of Gafcoign are feveral Countries, whofe chief Cities
or Towns are Bazits .Cnffium of Ptol. Cit. Vafatum Ant. Dax or D^Acques^
A(JH£ Aagufla of Ptol. Cit, Aquenfntm Ant. Auch, Jugujh of Ptol. Cit.
Aufciorum Ant. an Archbifhop's See. Agen^ Aginium PtoL Agennenfmm%
Ant. Condom.^ Condomum., a Bifhoprick. Bctjonne , Bawna Merc, near
Spain.

In the middle of the fmall Pviver Vidofa^ between France znd Sfairjy
is the Ifland Faifans., (not mention'd by any Geographer I know
of J where Cardinal Maz,arine^ and Von- Lewis de Harro began the Py"
re«pj« Treaty the i^thof AHguji, ^^59' and whence in the Year \66q.
hapned the Interview between the tv^o Kings, and the Reception of.
the. Infanta t, when the Ifland was divided in the middle, and a Houfe

built

503 Of Framt,

built fo, that at the Table where the two Kings fate to eat, the King
of France fate in France^ and the King of Spain ia Spain.

In the Government of Lionoife^ are the feveral Provinces of Lionoife^
Avergne^ B'^urbon and Mj)'ch.

In Lir,ioife, the chief City is Lyoni^ by the Ancienj^s , Lugdmum ;
feated upon the conjun(3:ion of the Kofne with ihcSoane^ eflecmtd the
fecond City o( Frante-^ a Famous Mart-Town, Ancient, and the See
of an Archbifhop, who is Primate of all France.

In Ava-gnt is Clcremont ,Claro Montmm^ upon its high Mountain.

In Boufhon, Mmlrns-, the Centre of Fr^jwce. Molimm^ of old much
reforted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths. Ger-
gohia al. Gergobina Cdefar^ tefie Farad. & Bel/or.

In March, Gtteret and BiUaCy are the moll confiderable.

In the Government of Langmdoc are, i. Jholoufe, lalofa C£f. Sirah.
Ptolomy^ feated on the Gjro;f/2e, the Seat of an Archbifhop, and an Uni-
verfit}' ; whofe large Fields , called by old Writers Campi Catalau-
nici^ (which I rather think to be the Fields nt^x Chalons ) were memo-
rable for the overthrow of Attila , King of the Huns , whofe Army
conlliied of 500000. of which 180000 that day loft their lives, by
Mtiui the Roman Lieutenant, who was rewarded ( by Valmtinian^ Em-
peror of the Wejl) with the lofs of his Head. 2. Narbon^ Norbo oi
Cdf. Plin. & Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the moft po-
pulous and greateft Town in France^ and the firft Roman Colony (Car-
thage excepted.) To which Archelam (Son to Hirod King of the
Jews) was baniflied by y^«^?f/?«/. 3. Montpelier, Montpejfnlamis ^ feat-
ed on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea 5 an Univerfity for
the Study of Phyfick, the Country about affording variety of Medici-
nal Herbs , memorable for the Reliftance it made againft Letvis the
Xni. in the laft Civil War about Religion. Nifmes^ Nemaufuj^ Strah.
Mel. Nemaufjum Plin. & Ptol. & Nemaiifenfmrn Ant. In the Year 1270.
Langmdoc returned to the Crown in the days of ?hiltp the Third.

In the Government of Dauphin^ ( which is the Title of the firft Son
oi France) is Vienna^ Scituate on the ilq/«e 5 an Archbifhop's See, and
the chief of this Province ; 2. Faience^ a Biftiop's See, and Univerfity
for the Civil-Law j a Rich , Strong, and well-traded Town 5 the
Title of C£far Borgia^ when he caft off his Cardinal's Hat. 3. Greno-
Me, Cii. Grattanopolita Ant. Accu^onorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido &
P. Viae, a Parliament-Seat j Briancon^ Brigantio Ant. Gap, Cit, Apencen-
fmm Ant. &c. Of the Seven Wonders of Vaupbine, fee AUard Sylva in
LatinVtik^ which are, i. The Burning Fountain: 2. The Tower
SamVenin: 3. The inacccllible Mountain : 4. The Wine-Fats of ^.//l

finage :

Of France* 201

finage: 5. The Vinous Fountain: 6. The Manna of Bmwcow : 7. And
the Fountain of Barberm.

Provence took its name from the Romans j who being called in by the
Marfilians^ pofTcfTed themfelves of this Country until Stilico called in
the BHrgundianf^ of which Kingdom it was a member, until the time
of the Ojirogoths^ Ann. 504. In the Year 1480. PJjene^ Grandchild
to Len'/V Duke of Jnjou, Brother to Charles the firft, gave it to Leiris
the Eleventh King of France. Chief Towns are, i . MarfciUeSf Majfilia^
commodioufly feated on the Mediterranean Sea, enjoying an Excellent
Haven and Road for Ships j a place of great Trade, and well fre-
quented with Merchants, and a Colony of the Phocians.

2. Aix, Aqua SixU£, a Parliament-Seat i near this Town the C/w-
^r/, confining of 300C00 fighting men, as they paffed by Marim, ask-
ed his Solders what Service they would command them to Rome ; but
in their march through the Alpes, having divided themfelves. Matins
put them all to the Sword \ who had flain g. Servilius C^pio, and his
whole Army, after his furprifal and pillaging of the Jurum 7olofanum,
3. Aries i Arelate Plin, & ^relatmn Col. Ptol, 4. 7 onion, lauroentimn
Ptol. "taureniiHm Strah. the bell: Sea-port Town in all France. On the
North- Weft 0^ Provence lies the Principality of Orange^ whofe chief place
is Orange , Araufia Plin, Arnfio Strah. Col. Arauftorum Ptol. C. Araufino-
rum Ant. Famous for many R.are and Wonderful Antiquities ; be-
longing of Ancient Right to his llluftrious Highnefs the Prince of
Orange., but of late years feized upon by the French King.

South of which lies the County of Venafm , fo called from Avenio^
now Avignon., the chief City of it j Famous for being the Ancient Seat
of the Popes, for about 70 years ; faid to have 7 Par ifti- Churches,
7 Mcnafteries ,~ 7 Nunneries, 7 Palaces, 7 Inns , and 7 Gates to its
Walls.

To thefe Governments might be added Lorain^ the French Comte, Al-
face., moft part of the Spzni,!'} Provinces., the County oi RoufiUon on the
Coaft of Spain, being now under the French King's Conquefts ; but
for Method and Order-fake, I (hall refer them to their proper place.

The chief Iflands of France., are, i. Strong Bell-IJIe^ Venetica San,
Calofus. 2. Salt Nermoujiier. 3. Kec, the Out- work to Rochel^ fatal
to the Englijh 162'], 4, Okron., Vliaras^ where Richard the III. gave
thofe Laws as Lord of the S.-a, known to the World by the Title of
The Laws of Okron. 5. The Tower d'Cardovan in the mouth of the
Garonne. 6. The Ifle OueJJent, Vxanius, by the Englijh, VJhent, over
againft the Lizard. In the Mediterranean lye the Ifles de Eres, the St£-
chades of Ptol,

Dd Of

302

Of Spain.

SPAlNhy the Greek^s firft called Iheria, not from Iberus the moft
famous River in that Kingdom ; nor from Iberi, a people of j^fta i
^mdmtm (inqttit BochartusJ Ebr£k 13^ Eber , Chdd^is ^-\1V) Ebra,
vd ibraefl tranfttus, & qukquid ejl ulterius. Indeplurale ebrm vel ebnn, ut-^
mms& fines fignificat', Mmtoigitmlbmdm, qui ex Ph^nttmrn fententta

Of Spain, 205

terrarum fines ultimos hahitarmt. It was alfo called Hifperia, either from
Hefperui^ a King thereof, or rather as being the furtheft Country
Well-ward. So alfo by the Greekj and Romans it was called XmvU,
from Pan. the Companion of Bacchus, By the Vhoenkians Scania, or
Sphania, a Country of Rabbets or Conies 5 hftly, by the Moors Mus-
Arabia.

Con jointly with Vortugal^ it makes a great Pemnfula, being enconiT
pafled with the Ocean, and the Meditaranean Sea •, only towards ihc
North-Eali, for 24.0 miles, it is firmly tack'd to tlie Continent by the"
Tyrenean Hills.

It is fcituatein the moft Weftern part of all Europe, in the moii
Southeily part of the Northern Temperate Zone , and the longeit
Summer's day is about 1 5 hours.

As for the Dimenfions, it is faid to be in length from Porto en the
mouth of the River Vuero.to Cape Crcus in Catalonia^ 600 Geometrical
miles. And from Cape Gibralter to Cape Pendi^ in the Bay of Bifca, {ot:p^i

■ ,; the breadth, is 480 miles. By Cluver 760 miles in length, and 600

l.f_v in breadth.

^' C-- Heylin, who follows j^(?/e/?i^«/,raith, this Kingdom was firfi: inhabited
''' by the Progeny of 7i«^.«/, the Son of J.^]?,^ , being the Defcendants
of the Iberiit who came in under Panus.

i-^. Cluver faith, that the Celt£, a great and potent Nation, defcended

f ; from Afcbenaz, were the firft that did people Spain, and caufed the

I ; whole Country to be called Celtiheria.

1^- The next Foreigners that came into Spain , were the Phoenicians ,

! failing from lyrus, as Viodorns and Siraho relate. Then the Creeh^ or
Rhodians 5 afterterwards the Carthagenians did overrun a great part of

-... it (under the condudl of Amilcar, Afdruhah and Annibal) even from

^''*: the Weftern Ocean, to the Pyrenes 5 defiroyed Saguntum^ now Mor-
vedre^ built new Carthage ; and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him
for Italy, the whole Country had been fubdu'd to the State of C^r-
thage.

But the Carthagenians being overcome by the Romans-, in the fecond
Punick^W^iT, it fell under the Dominion of the Romans , by whom it
was divided into three Provinces, B£tica, Lufttanica^ and Terraconenfis ;
B£tica was bounded on the North and Weft by the River Ana, now
Gaudiana \ on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria : on
the Eaft it was feparated from 'lerragon by a ftraight line from jilmeria
to Cuidad Real, and contained the Kingdoms of Granata, Andaluzia,
pixt'oi NertfCa(iile, znAEjlremadura, and was inhabited by theTurduli
Eaftward, and by the Celtici towards the Weft.

D d 2 Lufitania

204 Of Spain.

Lufitania was bounded on the North by the River Vurius , now
Vuero ; on the Weft by the Ocean ; on the South by the River Gua-
diana j on the Eaft by a Hne drawn from Ciiidal Real^ to Samora^ a
Town feated on the River Vuero , and contains ahrjofi all Portugal,
part of Old, and part of Mw Cajiile.

The reft of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Ter-
regon.

The Romans alfo divided Spain into two parts ; the one Citerior, the
other Viterior ; the firft comprehended the Province of Terragon 5 the
latter did comprife B£tica and Lufttania, and fo remained until the
time oiHmorim the Emperor, when Gundmcus^ King of the Vandals,
made an Eruption out oi Germany, and over- ran it about the Year of
our Lord 400 The Vandals were not well fetled in their New Con-
queft, when the Goths feized on this Country, forcing the Vandals in-
to B£tica, and after into Africa, and fo made the Conqueft abfolute.
The Saracens and Moors invaded it in the Year 720. under the Con-
du(fV of Mufa and tariff, who were invited in by Julian, who was
fent on an Embailie to the Moors of /ifrica by 'Roderick, the Gothifh King,
but in the mean time deflowred his Daughter Cava, which the Father
took in fuch indignation, that he procured the Moors to come into Spain,
whoafter a Battel that laftedfeven days, in which ivoc/^ric/^ had 130000
Foot, and 3 5000 Horfe-, and Tarijfc had 30000 Horfe, and 180000
Foot, the Moors were Vidorious ; and having haraffed the whole
Country, foanded feveral Kingdoms therein ■■, but the Moors not long
enjoyed the (bic Sovereignty therein, for the Goths having recovered
themfelves, the Moors by little and little were brought under. Hiylin
tells us, that at laft Spain fell into a 12-partite divilion, viz. Leon and
Oviedo, Navarre, Cor dub a, Gallicia, Bifca, Tolledo, Murcia, Caftile, Pot'
tugal, Valemia, Catelogne and Arragon. But I chofe rather to follow
Cluver, Mercator, Sanfon, who all agree, that at laft Spain fell under
the Comm.and of feveral more powerful Princes, and was parted into
15 grand Divifions, moft of wliich carried the Title of Kingdoms,
five lie upon the Ocean, Bifcaia, Aftruria, Galicia, Portugal and Anda-
lufia^ five upon the Mediterranean, Granada, Mnrcia, Vakntia, CatO'
Ionia, and the Iflands of Majorca, Minorca and Tuica , and five Midland,
vi2. Arragon, Navarr, the two Cajiiles, and Leon.

Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the
Kings of Cajiile, Arragon and Portugal, and under thefe three Titles it
is, that the King of Spain at prefent poftelleth his large Dominions
which he governs by Eight Vice- Roys, But in the Year 16^0. the
Duke of Braganza was proclaim*d King of Portugal, and ever ilnce it
continues Independent.. The

Of SpAin, 205

The People of S^ain are of a fwarthy Complexion, black Hair, and
of good Proportion 5 (lately in all their Actions, of a Ma jeftical Gate
and Deportment, grave and ferious in their Carriages, in Offices of
Piety very devout, not to fay fuperftitiousj obedient and faithful to
their King : patient in Ad verfities, not prone to alter their Refolutions ;
in War too deliberate ; Arts they efteem diflionourable, much addicted
to Women, and naturally proud.

Their Women fober, difcreet , indifferent handfome, clear com-
plexioned, loving to their Husbands and Friends; yet by them fo nar-
rowly watched and overlooked, that 'tis hardly pollible for them to
have conference with any other man.

In matters of Religion they are Roman-Catholick, and are moft
ftrid to the Rites of the Roman Church, and oF the Faith and Dodtrinc
therein profefTcd , the Inquifition being introduced againlt all other
Beliefs 5 only there are fome Churches in loUdo v^^here the Mhs Arabic
Office is ufed.

The Language is not the fame in all places •, in fome parts it hath
a mixture of the French : In Granada , and part of Andaluzia^ it par-
takes much of the Moorijh : In other parts there is the Gothifh^ Arahick^y
and old Spanifh *, but that which is common to them all, is, the Vul-
gar Spanij}}^ or Cajiilian^ which hath much affinity with the Latin^ and
is faid to be a brave lofty fwelling Speech,

Their Civil and Imperial Laws generally ufed among them, are
intermixed with many Cuftoms of the Goths ; the Edids and Confti-
tutions of their feveral Kings ; thofe of the Goths hrft committed unto
writing, and to order, by Eurkus:, firft King of the Goths : fhofe of
Caliile digefied by Ferdinand the Fifth into feven Books, called Partidas^
which are read and difputed on in the publick Schools, as well as the
Decretals, the Code, the Pandids, or any other part of Civil or
Common Law.

The Country is not very fertil in Corn or Cattel j but where it is
produdive of the Fruits of Nature, it yields to no part o( Europe fof
Delight and Pleafure ', but for the moft part, it is either over- grown
with Woods, or cumbred with Rocky Mountains ; the Soil of a hot
and Sandy Nature, and deficient in Water ; their chief Food being
Sallets and Fruits, which appear in greater ripenefs and perfedion
than in other places.

In recompence of Corn and Flerti, they have feveral Rich Commo-
dities, viz. Wines, Oyls, Sugar, feveral Metals, Rice, Silk, Licoras,,
Honey, Wax, Saffron, Annifeed, Raillns , Almonds, Oranges, Li-
mons , Cork J Soap, Anchovies, Soda Barrellia, Samack, Wool,,

Lamb^

20 6 ^f Spain,

Lambskins, Tobacco, &c, befides the Gold and Silver which they
bring out of Jmerica, whereby they furnirn themfelves with rhofe o-
ther Conveniences which they want : In the Year i5 i8. it was affirm-
ed. That iince the fir ft Difcovery thereof by Cdumbus, the Spaniards
had drawn out cf it above fifteen hundred and thirty fix Millions of
Gold, of which the European Merchants (hare the greateft part ; And
their neceflTity of purchafing Foreign Commcd it ies, empties their Pur-
fes ; and their getting of this Gold and Silver depopulates and weakens
the Country.

The Horfes of this Country are in general efieem, but thofe o{^n-
daluzia more than the reft i however, they travel upon Mules and
AlTes, by reafon of the roughnefs of the Mountains.

Here lived in ancient times the Gians Geryon and Cdcns^ overcome
by Hercules. Seneca the Tragedian, and Seneca the Philofophcr, ^in-
tilian the Orator, Lucian and Martial^ Pomponius Mela the Geographer,
Fulgentius and Ifidore Bifhops, Arius Montanus^ Oforius, Tofiatus^ Ma-
fias.

For Soldiers it had Theodo/ius the Great, Barnard del Carph , Cid
Rues Vias, Sancho of Navarr^ Ferdinand the Catholick, and Charles the
Emperor.

The Mountains of Spain may bediftinguilhed into fix greater Pvidges
continued and knit together , and whereof the reft are parts : The
firft are the Fyrenei Monies Strab. Mons ?yren£us Flin, Fyrene Vtol. Los
Monies Pyreneus Hifp. Les Monies Pyrenees Gal. Monti Vyrenei Ital. ex-
tending from the Cantabrian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, once the
Bounds between France and Spain^ which in feveral places have divers
Names, which we fhall not here mention.

The fecond are the Idubeda of Strab. Mela Piol. & aliis^ the iKGiJht.^
Seld. extending from the Pyrenes near the Springs of the River Ebro.,
Southwards, towards the Levant Sea, having divers Names in feveral
places.

A third Row of Mountains are coafting all along the Shore of the
Cantabrian Ocean ; the Juga Ajiurnm Vlin. a more eminent top hereof
is the Mountain St. Adrian^ from whofe top Vaf£m Brugen/ts faith, he
faw both the Cantahrian and Mediterranean Seas, now Sierra d'las yijiu-
rias^ & Monte d'Oca. ViU. Sierra d* Oviedo^ Coquj. Vindius Mons. PtoL

A fourth Ridge , or Branch of Mountains, are the Orofpeda of Strab.
the Ortofpeda of Piol. which at Alcaraz part into two Branches , the
one tending towards Murcia and the Levant Sea j the other palling
through Granada^ ends at the Strait of Gibralter^ the Extream Point
whereof was called Calpe.

One

Of Spain, 207

One of the two Famous Pillars of HirmUs^ cppofite to which oa
the African fide of the Straits was the Mountain Abila^ the other Pillar
the narrow Sea between, was from hence called Fretum Hiuukum^
now the Straits of Gibralt^er.

Out of the Orofpeda, about the Town of Alcaras^ brancheth the
fifth Ridg of the Mountain called Sierra Morena^ running along the River
Gaudalquiver^ until it ends at the Atlantiqm Ocean. The Mons Maria-
nus of ?tol. and the Saltm Cajiulomnfu of C£far, The Scene of the
Warlike Exploits of Von ^ixot de la Msncha,

The fixth Branch begins about the Springs of the Dmro^ and keep-
ing the River T^aio upon the left-fide, parteth New Caiiile from the Old,
and dividesPortugal into two parts, ending at the Town Sintra^ fome
30 miles from Ltshon. Some Authors reckon this the Iduheda Branch.
But we find not any known Name new or ancient, only part hereof
in Cajiile was by PZ/cy called Juga Carpetanta^ and part of it in Portugal^
Lun£ Mons by Viol. The chief of its new Names are Sierra de Tornof^
VaccJS MontOf d^Jvela, & Sierra Molina.

The Principal Rivers of Spain^ the Vuero, Vurius Plin. very full o£
Fi(h. The T'agus Strah. now "laio^ renowned for its Golden Sand.
The Gaudiana, An^H Strah. which, they fay, runs underground. The
Gauldalquivery Bms Strah the deepeft of all. The Ebro^ Iherus Strah*
famous by its Name : They all of them have their Sources in Ca(iiley
but are not fo navigable as thofe in France. The Gaudiana has given
occafion to the Spaniards to fay, That they have the richeH Bridge in
the World, upon which generally feed above 1 0000 Sheep, and over
which a good Army may march in Battel-array. The Ancients may
have feem'd to have called this River very properly Anas^ by reafon it
dives into the Earth, and rifes out again as a Duck does in the water.
Some of the Moderns fay, that there are certain Mountains that fwal-
low up this River. Others affirm, That it only falls into the Dikes
and Graffs which the Country People make to water the Country,
which is very barren ^ however, this is certain, That this running
under ground happens to be near the Spring of Gaudiana^ and not
towards Mtnda^ a^ marked down in the Old Maps : To fay truth.
This is one of the three Miracles oi Spain 5 of which, the others are,
a City encompaffed with fire j that is, with Walls of Flint-ftones, as
Madrid', and a Bridge, over which the water runs, as is the Aquadudli
of Segovia^

The Cities of this Kingdom have their Names from their Excellen-
cy : Sevil the Merchandizing, Granada the Great, Valencia the Fair,
Barcelona the Rich, Saragojfa the Coiitcnicd yValadoltd the Gentile, TcWi?^

the

2o8 ''f Spain,

the Ancient, Madrid the Royal. It comprehencis 8 Archbiftiop "• -':s,
and 45 Bifhopricks. The Archbifhopricks are, Toledoy Burgos^ Compo-
jhVa.) SevH) Granada , Valencia , Saragojfa, and 7arragon. There are fe-
veral very eonfidcrable Sea-Ports, Paffagio^ St. Andrews^ Coruna^ Cadiz^
Cartagena^ Alicant^ &c.

Bifcay^ formerly called Cantahria, is Mountainous and Woody,
which mrnifiies them with Timber to build more Ships than all the
Provinces of Spain belides: It hath alfo fo great a Number of Mines
and Iron Forges, that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Cajiile^ and
the himoxy oi Spain. The B//c<;y/«er/, who were the Ancient Ci«j<3-
brians^ enjoy very great Privileges, and boaft themfelves never to
have been thoroughly Conquered, either by thtKomans^ Carthagenians^
Goths^ or Monrs. They ufe a different Language from that of the other
Inhabitants of the Countrey,which is faid to be the ancientLanguage of
Spain ; for as they remained in their Liberties not mattered, fo in their
Language not altered. They differ from the rei^ of Spain alfo in Cu-
ftoms, yielding their Bodies, but not their Purfes to the King • not
fuffering any Bifhop to come amongft them •, and caufing their Wo-
men to drink firft, hec2iu(c Ogno a Countefs would have poyfoned her
Son Sancho. The Land, as well as in the Countrey of Giupufcoa^ is
very well Tilled ; for they pay neither Tax, nor Tenth, nor Right of
Entry. Their chief Cities are Bilhoa and St. Sebaftian 5 places of
great Trade, efpecially in Wool, Iron, Chefnuts, and Bilboa Blades.
Great Vtilels cannot come near Bilhoa^ being feated two miles from
the Ocean, but upon a High Tide. It was built, or re-edified out of
the R.uins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ftol. by Viego de Haro, 1500.
The Port of St. Sebajiian has a very fair Entrance, being Defended by
two Gafiles, the one toward the Eafi, feated high 5 the other to the
Weft, upon a low Rock. St. Jndero and Pajfagio are two excellent
Ports, Fmntarahia the ftronger place, and further Town in »S>ji«, and
Guataria tht Native place of Sebajiian Cabot^ who was the tirft that
compafTed the world, in the Ship called the F/d?or)' ; Migellanm^ who
went Chief in that Expedition, perifhing in the A(frlon. Laredo For-
tm^ Lauretanus^ hath afpacious Bay. Placenza^ upon the River Veaia
is inhabited by Blackfmiths. Tolofa upon the Orio River. Aiiuria^ cal-
• led by fome the Kingdom of Oviedo^ is the Title of theEldefi Sons of
the Kings of Spain^ being called Princes of Afturia. The younger
Children whereof are called Infants^ ever iince the Reign of John
theFirft. Hence were the fmall but fvvift Horfes which the Rt/w^wj
called ^^^trcone/, the Eng///^ Hobbies. It was the Retreating place of
the Kings of the Goths^ and feveral of the Bifhops, during the Inva-

fion

Of spam, zog

fic^^^f^ the Moor/ i for which reafon Ovkdo, Lucum Ajiummoi Vtol.
& Ovetum ; the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and
Bifibops ; and indeed gave Title to the firit Chriilian Kings after the
Moorijh Conqueft 5 for as the Luft of Roderick,, a Gothifh King of
Spain^ firft brought in the Moors, io the Luft of Magmtza a Moortfh
Viceroy, proved the overthrow and lofs of the Kingdom. Other
Towns are Aviks on the Sea-ftiore, near Cape de Ids Penas, of old Scy-
thium From,

Galicia is not fo fertile as well peopled ; its former Inhabitants
were the Gallaici, whence it had its name. St. Jago Compojhlla, which
Biflioprick and Univerfity is there famous for the Pilgrimages which
are thither made by thofe that go to vilit the Reliques of Sz. James, the
Spaniard's Patron. Coruna, by the Englifh the Groine, is often men-
tioned in our Spanijh Wars in Queen Elizabeth's days. The Flavittm
Brigantium of Ttol. Brigantinm of Ant. Strong, and the chief Bulwark
of Galicia, is memorable for the goodnefs andlargenefs of her Port:
The Rich Silver Fleet, of about thirty Millions, put in there in the
year i55r, to avoid the Englijh, who to furprize it, had way-laid all
the Points of the Compafs to Cadiz. Lugo is the Lucus Augujii of Ttol,
and Ant. the hums of Vlin. now a Bifliop's See, Orenfe is the Aqua Ca-
uda of ftoU the Aqna Calenia of Ant. a Bifhop's See. tuy is the Tude
of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bifhop's See. There are about forty other Ports
in this Province, of which, Rivadeo, Ponte l^edra & Bajona, are the
moft confiderable.

Andaluzia, formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals, By Pliny Conventus
Cordubenfts, is fo fair a Countrey,and fo plentiful in Corn, in Wine and
Olives, that it palTes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom.
Sevil in this Province, is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New
World. The Hifpalis of Strab, Ptol. and Plin,

It is in compafs fix miles, compafTed with (lately Walls, and adorn-
ed with no lefs Magnificent Buildings, infomuch that there is zSpanifh
Proverb, Chinon haViftaSevWh, non haFijiameravilla.

He that at Sevil hath not been,
Strn^Aure's Wonder hath not feen.

The River Batis, or Gaudelquiver, feparates it into two parts, which
are joined together by a ftately Bridge? from hence the Spaniards fet
forth their IVefi- India- Fleets, and hither they return to unload the
Riches of the Wejiern World. It is dignified with an Univerfity,
wherein fiudied Avicen the Moor, and Pope Silvefier the Second ; here

E c alfo

2IO Of Spain.

^Ifo were two Provincial Councils held Amio 584, and 6:^6. and the
See of an Archbiftiop, who is Metropolitan oi Andduzia and the fortu-
nate Iflands. Here was Ifidore Bi(hop. From hence comes our Sevil
Oranges, and Here lies the Body of Chrijiopber Columbus^ famous for
his Difcovery of the New World.

Not far from hence are to be feen the Reliques of the Italka of
Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the lli/>pa Italica Vlin- the Country of the Empe-
rors tra'im and Adrian^ now an obfcure Village about a League Eaft
from Sevil. Cordova^ that honoured Antiquity with Lman , and the
two Seneca s ^ and was more confiderable in the time of the Moors than
now. The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggel^ Mofques
among the Mahumetans^ next to that of Mecca. Corduha of Strab. Ptol.
and Mda.y a famous Colony of the Raman f^ and Head of a particular
Kingdom, fo called j now a Biftiop's Sec, and Seat of the Iiiquifition
for this Province. Jaen is the Oningis-, or Oringis of Livi^ tefie Morale
taken by Scipi:) Africanns from the Cirthngenians. Ecya is the Afligi of
Plin. Ajiygis of Ftol. the AJhapa of Liv, taken by Lucius Martins , or ra-
ther deftroyed by the Inhabitants •, read Sir/'K Ran-kigb^ fol. 744. Hi-
turgi} Ptol & Ilurgis & lUiturgis Plin. Iliturgi. Liv. Lietor telle Marian. Aldea
el Kio' Clufio. Andujar , Floriano. AnJHJHr el viejo. Amh. Moral. Caftnlo
Ant Ca^ulon Ptol. Plin. Cajiaon Strab, Cajlono Car ClupiO. Caflona la voja
Florian. between /4/c^;^(jr and Baezs, feated on the Guadelquiver^ not on
the ^na. as Heylin faith, which being under the Komatis, was furpri-
zed by the Gerafenis , but flain by Sertcrim , entring after them at
the fame Gate i built 100 years before the War of Troy, tefie Mariana,
Here Rmihd is faid to have took his Wife Himilce, and was one of the
laft Towns that held out for the Cartbagenians ^ the chief City of the
Oritani, feated upon an high Mountain, rather in Nerv Ca(Ule^ than in
Andaluzia near Vbcda. Sil Lucar, at the mouth of the Guadalqniver^
is a Town of great Trade; the IVejl-India Gold and Silver Plate has
fometimes ftopp'd at the Tower of the Port, which is called the Gol-
den Tower , but generally that Fleet put in at Cadiz, or Port. St.Aii/-
nVj,which is near to \t.Xeres de la Fontera,i\zr)ds not far from that place
■ where thcMoors totally defeated the Gotbs^in theYear 7 1 4, after which,
they haraffed all Spain without controul j and from hence come our
Sherry-Sacks. The A£fa Regia of Strab. & Plin. the Jjia of Ptol & Ant.
Medini Sidonia, the J^tfindum of Ptol. Afido Cefariana of Plin. whofe
Duke was General of the Invincible Armado, 1588. Tariffa was fo
called from T^r/jf General of the Moors in their hrll: SpanifJj Invaiion ■-,
which LodovicHs Nonius thinks to have been the Famous 'Tartejfm of
Herod. Strab. and other Authors, rich in Gold and Silver, and vidted

Of Spain, 2ii

by the continual Fleets of the Tyrian Merchants, and by the Phocenfis in
the Reign of ArganthoniHs^ a little before their Expugnation by Cyrus y
and by fome thought to be the fame with that Iharfu^ from whence
Salamons Ships did fetch his Gold for the Ten:iple ztjentfalem. Some
make this the fame with Carteia of Mela , Ptol. & Plin, Cartha of
Ovid. Cart£a of Sieph. as Curh^ A-lariana and Bican. but Moralus will
have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algtzira^ whofc pofition now is alike un-
certain, but both feems to me to be the Gih&l "tariff of the Arab, or
Gibralter. .Gibaltevy which now gives a Name to the Famous Streight
which joins the Ocean and Mediterranean, and parts Europe from
Africa^ called by the Ancients Fretum Hircukum^ Gaditanum^ & Tartef-
ftacum^ now Ejhecho de Gibralter^ Hifpanis. This Streight is in length
36 miles from Cape Trj/j/gfr to Gibralter^ in breadth at the Entrance
18 miles, at the narrowelt place about 7 EfigliJI-; miles. Pdes is the
Port from whence Columbus firft embarqued, upon his Intentions of a
New Difcovery : And Cadiz, Cales Angl. &' Batavis^ Cadke Ital. Gades
Caf. Plin. & Mela , Gadira Ptoh Erythia , & Tartejfos, Sirab. Contimfa
Vionyf. is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets •, a Port fo important,
that Charles the Fifth recommended the confervation thereof in a fpe-
cial manner to his Son Philip the Second. Antiquity there fliews us
the Footfteps of a Temple dedicated to Hcrmks, with two Columns,
either of Copper or Silver, which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of
that Hero, as well as the two Mountains upon each fide of the Streights
of Gibralter : they Report, That in this Temple it was that Julius Ca-
far wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquefts which
Alexander the Great had ,gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years,
the confideration whereof carried him to thofe High Enterprifes , as
Scipio was incited by the Adions oiZenophons Cyrus.

The Kingdom of Granada under the lart Kings of the Moors (who
loft it in the Year 1^91.) was far more Rich, and better Peopled than
it is at this day : It was alfo much more Fertile ; for the Moors had a
thoufand Inventions to water their Lands, by means of Cuts and
Trenches, bringing the Water from groat Ptefervatories which they
made in the Mountains, which aie called Monies dHos Alpayarof dim
Alpuxarras. ! ?r birn ^tynH f'rii

The Scituation of this Kingdom, and the Pofition of the Towns,
agrees with the Relation or Defcription which Jttlius C£far has made.
The City which bears its Name, Granatum, al.Granado, is the biggeft
in all Spain ; its Buildings are of Free-fione, fenced about with attiong
Wall, on which are 130 Turrets, and it hath 12 Gates. -It is very
pleafant dwelling there, by reafon of the purenefs of the Air, and

E e 2 plenty

212 Of Spain.

plenty of Fountains ; the Moors placing Paradife in that part of Hea-
ven which is the particular Zenith of this place, Malaga, Malaca PtoL
Strab. Mel. Ant, aftrong Town, and Billiop's See. Velez Malaga is the
Sex of ?tol. Sexitanum Am, Scxi Firmum, & Julium Plin. Is famous for
the excellency of its Wines and Raifins. Mmda is Notable ioxjulim
C£fars Victory over Pompeys Sons. For near unto this place,in a Wood
was fought that notable and laft Battel between C^efar and Pompey's
Sons; the Honour of the day fell to C*e/«r, though not without great
lofs. In other Battels he ufed to fay he fought for Honour , in this
for his Life ; which not long after he loft, being murthered in the Se-
nate-Houfe. Almera is the Abdara ftol. Ahdera Mela, founded by the
Tyrians Strab. by the Carthaginians, Vlin. Antiquera is the Singilia Plin,
Alhama the Artigis of Ptol, noted for its Medicinable Baths. Gaudix
is a Biftiop's See. Loxa enjoys a pleafant Scituation. Muxacra is
thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. Plin, Huefca the Ofca of Ptol. Vera the
Vergao of Plin.

Murcia is faid to be the Garden of Spain, by reafon of the plenty of
Excellent fruits in thofe parts ; and fo abounding in Silver Mines, that
the Romans kept 400 men at work. The City alfo that bears its
name, the Menralia of Ptol, drives a great Trade in Silk. Carta^ena^
built by jifdrubal oi Carthage, Father of the Great Hannibal, and taken
in the fecond Punick War by Scipio Africanus, twice facked and razed
by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals ; re-edified and fortified by Philip
the Second, King oi Spain i Is a good Sea-Port, a fafe and large Har-
bour. Caravaca aifords the wood for the Crofs, to whieh the Spani-
ards attribute a power to preferve men from Thunder.

Valencia is the mofi; delightful Countrey of all Spain. The City (be-
iides the name of the Province) bears the name of Fair and GxesLt Va-
lencia, An Archbifhop's See, the Valentia of Ptol. Plin. &c. feated not
far from the mouth of the River Vari^ by Mela, TLttrium Plin. Turia &
lurias by others \ now Guadalaviar^ Plufto. A Univerfity, where ftu-
died St. Vominich^tht Father of the Dominicans. Here was born under
contrary Stars Luduvicns Vives, and Pope Alexander the Vlth.

CuUera a Sea- Town, at the mouth of the River Xucar, formerly Sa-
cron^ after the name of the River, and is famous in Plutarch for the
Vidory of Sertorius againft Pompey,

Venia, Dianicum of Ptol. Strab. Plin. and Solin. gives Title to the
Marquefs of Venia, lince created Duke of Lerma.

Alicant is known by the good Wines which are tranfported from
thence. Upon the Sea-ftiore, at a place called Morvedra, are to befeen
the Ruins of the Ancient Sagmtum of P.olj/b, the dcftrudtion whereof

Of Spain] a i j

by Hannibal occafioncd the fecond Punick War. A Town (o faithful
to the Romans^ that the Inhabitants chofe rather to burn themfelves,
than yield to Hannthal : Founded by the Zachimhians. Here is alfo
the Promontory Ferraria of Mela. Artemifum Strab. & Vianium Cic.
Plin. & Ptol. Punda del Emperador^ or Jttemuz, tefte Beutb. now Cabo Mar-
tin, the refuge of Sertoritts in his Wars againft Metellus and Pompey.

Laurigi telle J. Mariana, is the Lauro, or Lauron of Plutarch, the Lau-
rona of Floro^ which Sertorius befieged and burnt, when Pompey with
his whole Army rtood nigh, and yet durft not fuccour it.

Xdtta is by Florian. the Incibilis, or Indihilis of Livi , where Hanno
was overcome by Scipio 5 but Baud, faith , Incibilis is now Trayguera,
20 Spanijh Leagues diftantfrom Xelua, or Chelua.

Gandia gives title to the Dukes of the Houfe of Borgia.

Segorbe or Segorve, is the Segobrega of Strab. and Plin. tefi<eVaf£. Pluf^
and 'larap. but the confufion of Authors makes me uncertain what it
now is.

The Iflands oi Maprqne and Minorqite, are the Ancient Baleares, the-
Inhabitants whereof are exquifite Slingers, and great Pyrates ; they
accuftom their Children to hit down their Breakfaft with a Sling, or
elfe to go without it 5 and yet as nimble as they were, they were con-
flrain'd to beg aid of Augulim againft the Rabbets that deftroyed their
Lands.. The Books of knowledge writ by Kaymmd LuUy are very
much ftudied at Majorque. The Soil of Tvka has a peculiar quality to
deftroy the Serpents that are bred in thelfland 7ormentera.

Arragon is overrun with the Branches of the Pyrenean and Idubeda
Mountains, and is in mofl parts dry and fcanty of water, yet the Ri-
ver Iberus runs through the middle of it. Its chief places are Saragoca,
C^f. Augujia of PtoL Strab. Plin. Ant. &c. a Colony and Municipium of
the Romans before called Salduba. Under the Moors it was the Head
of a particular Kingdom, recovered in the Year 1 1 18. by the Chri-
ftians, and made the Pvefidcnce of the Kings of Arragm, an Arch*
bifhop's See, and Univerfity and Seat of the Inquiiifion, and Vice-Roy
fox the Province. Taracona, or I'araz.ona, the Turiafo Ptol. Turia(f(y Plin;
is a Bifhop's See. CahtaJHt upon the River Xalo, founded by Ajnb a.
Sarazen Prince, half a mile from which was the ancient Bilbis of Ptol.
and Bilbilii of Strab. the Countrey of the Poet Martial. Fraga upon
the Pviver Senga Gallica^ Flava Ptol. & GaUicHm of Ant, Balbafiro is the
Burtina of Ptol. Bortina of Ant. Huefca, the Ofca of Strab. Ptol. & Ant.-
was the place where Sertonm (in Plutarch) kept the Children of the
Spaniflj Nobility as Hoftages for their Fathers fidelity, but the Fathers
revoking, the Children were cruelly murthered. Jacca amongft the

Moun--

214 Of Spaifi.

Mountains, was the firft Seat of the Kings of Artdgm, j4infa and
Benhuari , have been the Capitals of two little Kingdoms , Sobrar-
hia and Rihagorca^ or Riha Curtia. Monzon is a place where fornnerly
the States of Arragon were wont to A/Temble.

Navarr was the fecond Kingdom for Antiquity in Spain, but furpri-
fed and taken by Ffr^^M^W the Catholick, Anno 1^12, without one
blow given. The King and Queen of Navarr being at that time both
Frc"/;cy Subjedls j the Counrry is plain, yet on all fides environed with
miglity Mountains, well watered with Rivers, and fruitful: Chiefer
Towns are Pampehr.a, Pompelono( Ptol. Strah.& Ant, hrft founded by
Vompey the Great, after the Wars ended with Sertorms \ a Bi!liop's See,
and Seat of the Viceroys, feated in a Plain upon the River Arga. At
the Siege of which Ignatius Loyola a Cantabrian, defending it againft the
French^ was almoft killed by a wound of his Leg, which occalion'd a
New Order in the Church, liz.. The Society of the Jefuits •, vide Man-
fcrrat in Catalonia.

2. V/ana, the Title of the Navarren Prince. Nigh this place C£far
Borgia, Son to Pope Alexander the Sixth, was flain by an Ambufli.
lejie Guicciardine.

3. Vi&oria ( is the chief of the little Countrey called Olai'a^ oxOlaha^
between Navarr and Bifcay) firft built, or rather reedihed out of the
Ruins of the ancient ViUica of Ptol, Anno 1 180. by SanCuus King of
Navarr. This Countrey is divided into fix Mmndida's^ or Govern-
ments, one of which lying on the other fide of the Pyreneant^ is called
Loxv Navarr^ and is in the hands of the French King.

The Kingdom of Caftilia was at firft named Bardulia^ and was the
moil: prevailing Kingdom of all 5p^i« either by Conqucft or Intermarri-
ages, divided into Calhllia laVeia^ or old Cajiile, and Ca[illia la Nueva^ or
New Cajlile. Chiefer places in 0/«/Cjjf?//e are Burgos^ Bravum& Masburgi
Ptol, tejie Tarapha^ & Burgi^ once the Royal Seat of the Kings of Cajiiky
now an Archbiftiop's See.

Avila^ the Abala of Ptol. of which Tojhitts^ Sirnamed Abulenfu^ was
Biftiop, who isfaid to have wr!t as many flieets as he lived days.

Soria is the place where the great Standard of the Kingdom is kept 5
not far from which, towards the Springs of the Vnaro, Hood fome-
times that famous Numantia^m which 4000 Solc'itrs wirhftood 40000
Romans for 14 years, and at lalt gathering ail their Money, Goods,
Armour, &c. together, laid them on a Pile, which being fired, they
all voluntarilyburied themfelves in the flame, leaving Scipto nothing
but the name of Numantia to adorn his Triumph.

Segovia

Of Spain* 2 I ly

Segovia is the Seguhia of Ptol. SegoUa Vim. & Ant. a Bifhop's See^
near which yet ftandeth an ancient Aquedud of the Romans.

Calahora upon the Ehro was the Calagorhis oi Ptol. Calaguris of Strab.
and Calagunis of Ant, a Town of the Vafcones^ and of the Orator
^intilian.

Logronnio upon the faid River, was the Juliohriga of Ptol. and Ju-
liobrka of Plin.

Nevf> Caftile^ is a Countrey for the moft part Champian and plain, af-
fording fufficient plenty of Com, Fruits, and other necefifary provifion.
Chiefer Towns are, J.Madrid, the Mantua of Ptol. Mxdritum al. the
Seat of the Kings of Spain^ and now one of the moft fair and populous
places of the Kingdom, well built with good Brick Houfes, many
having Glafs-Windows, which is very rare in diW Spain-, the molt
confiderable Buildings are the Piazza, the Prifon, the King's Chappel
and Palace, the Palaces of the Duke of Alva, of Medina de los Tor-
res, dec. The Englijh Colledge of Tbeatines^ II Retiro, &c. Out of
Town, St. Perdo, and the Efcurial, or the Magnificent Monaftry of
St. Laurence, which is about feven or eight Leagues from Madrid,
amongft the Spaniards palfeth for the Eighth Wonder of the World,
and is faid to have coft King Philip the Second, above twenty Millions
of' Gold, no great Sum for a Prince, who is faid to have expended
700 Millions of Gold during his Reign.

2. Toledo, theToletptm of Plin. znd Ant. then the chief City of the
Carpetani, mounted upon a fteep and uneven Rock, upon the right
fhore of the River Taio, with whofe circling ftreams it is almoft en-
compaffed. By the Goths it was made the Chamber and Royal Seat
of their Kings. Under the Moors it became a petty Kingdom, and their
firongeft hold in thofe parts ; after hve years Siege in the year 1085.
recovered by Aiphonfus the Sixth, King of Ca^ile and Leon. Now an
'Univerfity and Archbifhop's See, the richeft in Europe, whofe Bifliop
is Primate and Chancellor of Spain.

Alcala de Henares, is the Compluium of Ptol. and Ant. an Univerfity
founded by F. Ximenes^ Cardinal and Archbilhop of Toledo.

'Calatrava upon the River Gaudiana, abandoned by the Templers, and
now gives nan^e to the Order of Knights fo called,confirmedby Pope
Alexander the Third, i 16^,

Alcaraz gives name to the Mountainous Trads of Sierra de Alcarazi

Cuenca, a Bifhop's See, and Seat of the Inquifition, once an Invin-
cible Fortrefs of t\\t Moors againft the Chrlilians, yet won from them;
Anno 1177, by Sandius the Second, King of Ca(iile.

. Sigmneas^

21 6 Of Spain,

Sigmnca^ or Siguenxa^ is the Segontia Strab. Plin, the Secuntia of Liv.
& Secontia Ant. StgontialaUa of Ttol. a City of the Celtiberi^ novvaBi-
(hop's See, having a fair Cathedral.

The Kingdom of Leon was the firft which the Chriftians eftablifhed
after the Invafionof the Moors. The City which bears its name, has
in it a Cathedral, famous for its beauty. The Church of T^oledo is mag-
nified for its Wealth j that of Sevil for its bignefs ; that o{ Salamanca
for its Strength. The City of Salamanca is honoured with an Univer-
fity, which has the Privilege to teach the He/jrew, Greekc Arabic^^ and
Chaldee Languages : They talk here of the Valley of Fatuegaj^ lately
difcovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom, and which was never
known before from the time of the M;or/ Invafion ^ difcovered by the
occafion of an Hawk of the Duke of Jlva*s, which was loft amongft
thofe Mountains; His Servants clambering from one Hill to another
in fearch of it, at laft happened into a pleafant and large Valley, where
they fpied a Company of naked Patacoes^ or Savage people, hem-
med in amongii thofe many Rocks or Mountains. And then told
their Mafter , That inftead of his Hawk, they had found a New "
World in the midft of Spain. Upon further difcovery and enqui-
ry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards,
who had hid themfelves amongft thefe Mountains , for fear of the
Romans,

O/Catalonia:, and the County ^^/'Rouffillon.

CAtalaunia^ rather Catalonia^ by the French Catalogne^ is varioufly
derived by Authors ; fome ftomGothalonia., of the Goths zn^Ala-
ni', fome from the Cafiellani, the old Inhabitants hereof: Others
from the Cattalones, who alfo had here their dwellings j others
from the Catti of Germany, and the Alani of Sarmatia , now Li-
thuania,

Paulus Hieronymus aflerts it to be 170 Italian miles long, and 130
-broad : Boterus tells us there is numbred in this Province one Duke-
dom, viz. Cardona ', three Marqulfates, 11 Earldoms, many Baronies
and Lordftiips, 5^ Cities, or Walled Towns, and Six hundred thou-
fand Inhabitants, among which were loooo French Shepherds and
Husbandmen.

Some Authors tell us the Countrey is Hilly, and full of Woods,
yielding bat fmall ftore of Corn, Wine, and Fruits ; fome fay it
abounds with Corn, Wine, and Oyl. Others tell us it is more en-
riched

Of Spain. 21 J

riched through its Maritime Scituation, than by home-bre4 Commo-
dities.

Chief places are Barcelona^ Barcinon of Ttol. Barchitio of Mda^ and
Barcino of Plin. and Jnt. a Roman Colony, firnamed Faventia by Plin.
Seated upon the Miditenanean Sea, betwixt the Rivers Bxtulus of
Mt/j, now Eifons and 'Rubricate or ■ Lnbregat River, won from the
Moors by Lewi^ the Godly, Son to the Emperor Charles the Great.
It's now a rich and noted Port. A Bifhop's See and Academy ;
faid to be built by Hamilcar. Ant. Beath faith it was built by
Hamhs. *Tis the Seat of the Vice-Roy, and Inquifition for the
Province. 'Tis beautified with liately Buildings, both private and
publick, with delightful Gardens : Its Port hath a Bridge qr Mole
of Seven hundred and fifty Paces into the Sea, for the better fecuring
of Ships.

Terragona^ Terraeona Strah. & VtoL Terrace Plin, Mela^ & Sclinus^ is
plcafantly feated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea, upon the
Eafi of the River T'ulci^, now Francolino, tefte Coquo, founded by Cn,
and Pub. Scipio during the fecond Punick War i a Repofitory of ancient
Monuments ; Vid. Nomium c. 8 j. Afterwards made a Koman Colony,
and the chief Town, giving name to the Province 'Terraconenjis. It
W2is An. 1572. an Archbilhop's See, and Academy founded by Car-
dinal Gafpar Cervan.

Leriduy Llerda Ant. Strah. Ptol. Plin. Lucan. A Bifliop's See and Uni-
verfity, feated upon the Rivers 5'/cow, now Segre., or Segor^ and not
on the River Linga ( as Heylin faith ) and the chief City of ^rragon.
Its adjacent F'ields are well Oored with Vines, Corn, Fruits, and
Oyl, oftentimes beiieged by the French., and as often relieved by the
Spaniards. And is famous for the Encounter which happened nigh un-
to it, between Herculejut the Treafurer of Sertoriiis Army, and Manil-
lius Proconful of Gallia., wherein Manilins was difcomfited, and his
Army routed.

Cerdona is a Dukedom of the fame Name, where are three things
remarkable, A Mountain whofe Earth is like Meal or Flower. A
Fountain whofe Water is of the colour of Red Wine. A Salt of di-
vers Colours, but if pounded, it appears only white.

lertofa., by (he French Tortofa, a Bifhop's See, feated upon the River
Ebro, Vcrtofa Ptol. & Ant. Vert off a Strah, Vertufa Plin. a Roman Colony,
Fortified with two Cables. Vide Marin. Smdum.

Girona Germida Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bifhop's See and Dukedom, gives
Title to the Eldeft Sons of the Kings of Arragon^ built by Gerion 513
years after the Flood, te^k Beuthero.

F f Vkh,

21 8 Of SpAtn.

Vkh^ hfj. Mariana^ the Aufaoi Vtol. Corbiooi Liv, Vicns^& AqH£
Voconu^ a Biiliop's See. 'Tvvas the Pvende2vou7 of Count Monterks
Countrey Militia, when he attempted the relief of Vayfarda^ but the
paffages were too well fecured by the French.

Not far from the right fhore of the River Lohngat arifeth the plea-
fant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. & MeduUus by others, now Monfer-
rato, a noted place for Miracles. Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundati-
on of the Society of Jefus, Anno 1522. This Mountain is faid to be
two Miles high, and four Miles in Circumference, fluck full with
Anchorets Cells ; and honoured with a much frequented Ghappel
and Image of the Blefled Virgin-, whofe ravifliing defcription read in
Tslonm Bihliothec. Hifp, and in Zfi/er's Defcription of the place, in his
Iteneries of Spain.

Kofas^ or Rofes., the 'Rhoda of Ttol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded
by the Emporites or RhodianSf under the Pyrenean Mountains, a ftrong
place.

Puig de Cerda^ or Puigcerda, by the French Puicerdan^ is the chief
Town of the Carotani ; Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Moun-
tains , upon the River Segre & Sicorii t one League diitant from
Llevia.

Llivia, Livia by Julian^ tohtanus de expeditione Wamh£ Regis Jotho-
runtf Julia Libyca Ptol. & Plin. Unca, or Lima Florian 5 by others Infa 5
in Sheldens Manufcript , Aiyv^ia,.

Campredon^ a Walled Town, near the Springs of the River Ter, of
Old Sambraca, the Sebendunum of Ptol. Jonqmra by the French., Jun-
quera by the Inhabitants, Juncaria Ant. & Plin. Tavyj^a. in SbeL Manu-
script, 'tis in the little County of Awpurdan^ near the PafTage of Le
Col. de partus.

Cap de Cruex by Florian^ is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Temphm Veneris^
& Venus Pyren£aoi Strab, & Plin. Portus Veneris Mela ', but Baud, tells
us, that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendresy five Leagues diftant
ifom Aphrodifmm Prom.

Cadaquesntzx Rofes^ is the Cap de ^ires of the Gazette, i58i.

Balagutr. Ballegariumin Scriptis Hifp. by Others Bergufia, feated upon
the Riyer Se^e, and is famous for the Siege of the French, ^^45.

Of spam, %i()

Of the County of Rouffillon.

ROnjfillhn by the French, is included betwixt two Branches of the
Fyren£an Mountains, beginning at the Mountain Cano ; The
one extending to Calibre and C. de Creux, a Promontory that is the
furthert point Eaft ward ot Catalonia ; the other Branch running out
unto Salfar. This Country was pawned by John King of j^rra-
^gfrn^ 1462. to Lewis the nth. of France^ for ^00000 Crowns j
and reftored to Ferdinand the Catholic!^, by Charles the^th, ^4-93-
that he might not be hindred in his Journey to Naples. Tejfe

Francis the firft, King of i^r^wfre, partly to requite the Emperor CW/ej
the "yth. for the War he made in Provence^ and to get into his hands
Perpignan^ one of the Doors of Spain., fent his Son Henry with an Ar-
my to force it, Jn. 1 542. but the Town was well fortified, fo brave-
ly manned, and fo well ftored,that his Journey proved as difhonoura-
ble to the French., as the Invafion of Provence^ and the Siege of Mar-
felles had been to the Emperor.

Places of mod Note, are Perpignan., Papirianum & Perpinianum, built
out of the Ruins of Kufcinum^ An, 106%. by Guinard E'3lt\ of Koufftl-
/o«,feated in a pleafant Plain upon the River Tk/jf or Tj^f/z/, arichand
flouri(hing Empory, and a ftrong-hold againft the French., till the year
1642. VideNomium & Marianum.

CoHiure & Colibre., by the French Colliourey EUeberri Mela^ Elliberis Plin,
Jlihtrvf Livi., lUer'vs Ptol. lUyberis Strab,

Eka, by the French Elne ; Helena^ of the Ancients, feated uponthe~
River TecJ??, once an Epifccpal See, but in An. i6od.. it was tranflated
by Clement the ^th. to Perpignan,

Cerat., Ceretum., near the River Tec/:?, was the meeting- place of the
French and Spaniards Commiffioners, for regulating the limits and
bounds of their Kingdoms., Anno 16 do.

Bellagardia isaftrongplace, often taken and retaken by the French
and Spaniards., feated near the entrance of Pertus into Catalonia,

Sal, SalfuUo^ Melazv.d Ant. taken by the Fre«c^, 1^40.

Between France 3ind Spain., are the Pyren^i Monies^ which tieth Spain
to the Continent. The Cantahrian Ocean fiercely beating on the ^eft ,
and the Mediterranean gently wafliing the Eaft ends of them ; the
higheft part whereof is Mount Canns, upon which in a clear day may
be feen both the Seas: The Fraich fide of thefe Hills are faid to be

F f 2 Naked

22 o ^/ Spaift,

Naked and Barren j the Spanifh very fertile, and adorned with Trees.
Here was RonceValles, (o famous for the Battel betwixt the French and
the Moors^ in which Rowland^ Coufin to Charles the Greats Oliver^
and others of the Peers of France^ were put to the Rout, and 20000
of the French.

The other Dominions of the King of Spain^ next to France^ are the
Spmifh Provinces, or Flanders^ and ih^ French County^ Conquered in
part by the King of France. In Italy the Dutchy oi Milan. Finals Or-
bitello^ the Protediion of Piombinoznd Porto Longone^ the Kingdoms of
Naples^ Sicily^ and Sardinia, Sec. In Africa^ Oran^ Marfal- quiver, Mel-
liUa, Pennon de Velez^ Ceuta, and the Ifle Pantalarea, all along the Coaft
of Barkary, upon the Mediterranean Sea. To which we muft add the
Philipine lllands in /ifta^ and the greatell part of the Iflands and Con-
tinent in America* >

221

ortugal

Portugal is a Kingdom of above five hundred years Erea:{oii,iD the
mftern part of Spain, anciently called Lufitania, taking the prefent
Name from Vorto, a Haven-Town at the Mouth of theP«cr^/, where
the Ganls ufed to Land, and therefore called Toms Gallorum, andfincc

Tmugaly,

^22 ^f PortugdL

Portugal % or rather from Vortm and Cde^ then a fmall Village not far
from it •, of old Tmus Calenfis , now Portugal. The length of it
from South to North is about iix fcore Leagues. The breadth there-
of about 25 or 30 Leagues, and in fome places fifty. It is feared up-
on the Ocean.

The Experience of the Inhabitants in Navigation, has caufed their
Kings to be known in all the four Quarters of the W^jrld V where they
have had many Kings their ValTals : as alio the convenience of bring-
ing into Europe the moft rare and precious Merchandizes of the Eaji,
Their Conquefts have extended above five thoufand Leagues upon the
Coaft of Braziley and in the Eajl-Indies, their deiign being only Trade.
It is true, that of late for feveral years they have not made any great
Progrefs , or farther Advantage, by reafon of their War with Spain,
and the great Garifons which they are forced to keep againfi the Hoi"
lander, which has caufed them to fur render fome Places into the hands
of the Englijlj upon the Royal Match between Portugal and England,
viz. Tangier and Bombay.

. The Provinces of Portugal have all their particular Commodities 5
they afford among other things (tore of Citrons, and excellent
lOranges.

' They have fome Mines ; for the Greekf and Romans fought in Portu-
gal for that Wealthjwhich the Portuguczes fearch for in the Indies, They
are fo well Peopled, efpecially toward the Sea, that there are to be rec-
kon'd above fix hundred privileged Towns, and above four thoufand
Parifties. The Roman C^^^oZ/ci^Religion only is profeffcd there i and
thofe that are of the Race of the J^b?/, areforc*d to baptize their ChiN
i'dren.

- There are three Archbifhopricks, Lisbon^ Braga and Evora ; and ten
Bifhopricks ; the Archbifhops of Lishn and Br^jga^ have each of them
200GO0 Livres Rent. There are Inquifitions at Lisbon, zt Coimbra,
and at Evora ; and Parliaments at Lisbon and Porto^ places of general
Receipt of the King's Revenue. Twenty feven Places have their Ge-
neralities, which are called C(?/Mi;/r(.'«e/, ot Almoxarifates. 1 he Order
of Chrift that refiJes at Tomar^ is the moft confiderablc which they have.
The Kings are Grand Mafters thereof^ for upon that Order depends
all their Conquefts from abroad. The Knights wear a red Crofs, and
a white on^ in the middle-, whereas the Knights of Avis wear a Green
Crofs, and thofe of St. James a Red one, who have their P^efidenet
at PalnteUa neajf to Seiuval. It is faid that the Revenue of the Kingdom,
fet'ting afide that of the Indies^ amounts to above t^n Millions of Li-
vres*

Of Vortugd. - 223

In the Year l<$40. this Kingdom revolted from the King of S^ain^
and at that time it was an admirable thing to confider, that a Secret of
fo great importance fliould be carry'd on with fuch an exadi Secrecy
among above two hundred Perlons, and for the fpace of a whole year :
The principal motives fo this Revolt was. for that the King of S^ain
gave leave to others befides the Vonugals^Ko Traffick into the Eaji-Indies^
together with the Tribute of the ^xth part, which the King caus'd to
be publiftied in the Year 16^6. whereby he exadled hve^cT Cent, of all
the Revenues and Merchandizes of the Kingdom. It confitis of fix Pro-
vinces,which are as many General GovernmentSjE/-2fre-D(;«r<) and Mhiha^
Tralos- Montes^ Beyraf Ejhetna dura-y Alen teio, and the Kingdom of Jlgarve.
Entre-Vauro and Minho^ is the moft delicious part, and fo well Peopled,
that for 18 Leagues in length, and 12 in breadth, it contains above
130 Monafteries well endow'd , 14^0 Parifhes, 5000 Fountains of
Spring- water , two hundred Stone- Bridges , and fix Sea- ports ;
fome call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain. Torto by the Vutch^ and
by the EngUJh^ Port a Port ; a City, containing about 4000 Houfes, is
a place of great Trade , and Braga^ Br£caria j^ugujia of Ptol. Bracara of
Ant. and Br£ca of PUn. is renown'd for the feveral Councils that have
been held there, and for the pretenfion of the Archbithop, who claims
to be Archbifhop of all. Irahs-Montes is ftored with Mines, and adorn'd
with the City oiBracanza the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets.
Revenue, wherein there are alfo fifty little Towns, and other Lands,
which Entitle the Duke of Braganza to be three times a Marquifs, kven
times an Earl, and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of
that Name, who are now in poffeffion of the Crown, ufually refided
at Villa Viciofa ; and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain,
to fit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain.
Beyra is fertile in Rye, Millet, Apples and Chefnuts; Her Cityof Coiw-
bra, formerly the Refidence of Alphnnfus the firft King of Portugal, who
enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince fince the beginning of the
Roman Monarchy attained tOj faith Heylin ; Sapores the Son of Mifdales
King of Perjia^ whofe Father dying, left his Mother with Child, and
the Pfr/ztz« Nobility fet the Crown on his Mother's Belly before (he was
quick, came fliort of him by two years ; is famous for the Llniverfity,
and for the Bifhoprick, which is reckoned to be worth above a hundred
thoufand Livres of /Annual Rent. Eflremadura produces Wine, Oyl, Salt
and Honey, which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Rofesi.
her City of Lisbon. Oliojippon of Ptol. Oliftppon of Jnt. Olyfippo of Solynui^
and Olyfipj of Pliny , a Mmicipium of the Romans^ Sirnamed Falicitas
Julia, the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal , an Archbifhop's See,

the:

224 ^f ^0^^^^^^'

the Refidence of the Vice-Roys, a flourifhing Erapory \ fcituated up-
on five rifing Hills upon the right Shore of the River ^agus^ Tajo inco-
lis^ about 5 miles from the Ocean, having the advantage of the Eb-
bing and Flowing of the Sea. It is faid to contain 32 Parifti-Churches,
350 Streets, 1 1000 Dwelling-Houfes, idooco Inhabitants , befides
Church-men, Strangers and Courtiers ; and with the Suburbs, about
7 miles in ccmpafs ; the Capital City of all the Kingdom, ore of the
faireir, richcft- the biggell and beft peopled of Europe. The little Town
of Bt/Vw, which is near to it, is the Burying- place of many of the Kings
of Fortugal. Santar'im is fo happy in the great rumber of Olives that
grow round about it, that the Natives boalt that they cculd make a Ri-
ver of their Oyl as big as 7agHS, It was the Scabalifcus of PtoL the
Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny^ Sirnaraed Trxfidium Julium^ then a Roman
Colony, and a Juridicial Refort, nam.ed from St. Irene, a Nun of To-
mar, here martyred and enfhrined. Setubal^ the Salaiia oi Ptol. is well
fcituated, and well built, and is a Town of good Trade ; it is the bell
Haven in all the Kingdom, 30 miles long, and 3 broad -, her Salt- pits,
and her Wines, by what the Portuguez.ej relate , bring a greater Reve-
nue to their King, than all Arragon to the King of Spain. Akn tcio pafTes
for the Granary oi Portugal, by reafonof the Corn which it produces.
The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon, In the
Year 166^. the Portuguczes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable
Battel near to this City. Elvat is famous for its excellent Oyls, and
for the Sieges that it has profperoufly held out againft the Spaniards,
Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occa-
lioned the Proclaiming of the firft King of Portugal ; Porfelegre is a Bi-
ihop's See 5 Bija is fuppofed to be the Pax Julia of Plin, and Ptol. Al-
garvcj though fmall in extent, it affumes the Title of a Kingdom, and
was re united to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonfus the Hid,
with Beatrice of Ca{}ile : It produces Eggs, Olives , Almons and Wines,
which are very much efteemed ; and indeed the word yllgerbia in the
Language of the Moors., fignities a fruitful Campaign.

Chief Towns are, Tavila, or Tavira, the Bjlfa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro
is feated near the Cuneum Prnmontorium, nov/Capo St.de Maria. Silves
is the Ancient Ojfonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela, the Sonoba of Strabo^^
by the Moors, Eicuba by the Spaniards., Ejioy, by fame Ejiombcr. Lagus
is feated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape
St. Vincent, from the Pvelicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Vahntia
by the perfecutcd ChriiHans, flying the Cruelty of Abdcrrahman , the
Bvil King of the Spanijh Moors > removed afterwards to Lubcn by King
Ferdinand.

Of Italy.

S25

Px.%1

4i>

aCrfrrt£

* -la,

^'EfadcJ^

muiiui ~mssm

33 J^ 3S 'S'^

[Taly Anglis^ Italia IncolU & Hifpanis^ Italic GaVlfJf^elfchlandt Germamsy
fVolska Zemiay Polonis, Vhfka Sclavonice ; called alfo by the Ancients,
Aufonia. Campfena, Oenotria^ Hcfperia^ Janicula^ Saleumhrona^Satmnia,&c»
Dnce Emprefs of the then known World , ftill the faireA and moft de-
iicious Country of Europe, After fo long time, fo many Ages elapfed,
it is not certainly decided who were her firft Inhabitants j nor whether

G g fome

726 Of Itafy.

fome one Nition dH plant here, after the Confufion of Bahety or that
It was peopled by little and little, as feveral Nations did arrive ; 'tis
equally dubious, whether it received its general Name at firft, or whe-
ther particular Parts had Hrft their Appellations: *Tis certain^ that fe-
veral Nations, at fundry times, did tranfport themfelves thither from
Greece, and peopled all the Sea-Coaft, faid to be Janusy An. Mm, 1 92 5^.
after whom came Saturn out of Creet^ Evander, or Oemtrm out of jirca^
dia, with their Followers; after them arrived (omc "Trojans, under the
Condudt oi Mneas^ whofe kind entertainment by Latintts King of the
Latins^ occafioned the Wars between him and 'turnufy King of the R«-
tuli i but after the Romans grew potent, all Italy fell under their Sub-
J€(^ion bntil the time Of Honorius i after which feveral barbarous Na-
tions, viz, Goths ^ Vandalism Hernles^znd the H«w/, pi fling the Alps, over-
ran all Italy, and divided it into feveral Kingdoms. And when thefe
were ejeded, or at leaft fubdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor
Jujiinian^ it was once more united to the Empire, till the Emprefs So-
fhia envying Narfis*i Honour , re-called him from his Government ;
whereupon he opened the PaiTage of the Country to Albonius King of
the Lombards, who poffelTed themfelves of that Country, calling it by
their own Name Longohardia. Thefe were at length fubdued by Teptn
King of France, who was called into Italy by the Biftiop of Kome. After
that, the Seat of the Koman Empire being fixed in Germany, Italy was
reduced into feveral Parcels and Fadions,fo that the Soveraign Princes
thereof at this day, are

1. The Pope Vontifex Maximus , under whofe Dominion are thefe
Provinces or Eftates, viz, Campania, Romania, Sahina, Vrovmcia Patrimonii
St, Petri, Vhthria, Marchia Anconitana, Vucatns Cajirenfis, lerritoria Ori-
vetanum, Peruftum^ & Civitatis Cafielli, Ducaius Vrhini, Romandiola, Bo-
mnienfis Ager & Ducat us Ferrarienfis.

2. The King of 5/?;»w, RexHifpania, to whom belongs l?fg««w NV^-
folitaaum, Sicilia, Sardinia^ Vucatus Mediolanenfir , Marchionatus Finarii
in Liguria, with others upon the Coaft of Tufcany, viz. Orbetellum, &
Status adjacens, called by the Inhabitants, Stato deHi preftdii^ Principatus-
Plumbini^ & Una infula, IJIe de Elbe.

3. The Venetians y or Republica Veneta, under whofe Dominion are,
Ifiria, Foro Julium,. Marchia Tarvijina, & Vucatus Venetus, Vulgo le Do-
gado, Territoria Patavinum, Rhodighinum, Vicentinum^ Veronenfe, Brixia*
num, Rergomenfi, &Cremenfe,.

4. Duke of Savoy , Vucatus Sahandia, to whom belongs Principattn
"isd^nontiumf ^Lad ip3itto( VUcatm Montis-F.errati, & Comitatus 'Nic£a.

5' The:

Of Italy^ 227

5 . The Great Duke of 7nfcany^ Magnus "Dux Heturix^ egente Medicea^
under whom is the greater part of Heturia, viz. Florentina, Pifana, &
Senenfif^ Petiliano, now Poteglianoj and ^qua^ now Ponte Molt, As alfo
the lUdinds G or gonay Igilium^ i\ow ilGiglio^ Giarjulum, Mons Chrifii, 6cc.
and Argons Portuiy now Porto Ferrahy or ?. Ferraro , Jle Elhe^ m Mart
Tyrrheno.

6. The Genoatis^ or Res Puhlica Genuenjis^ upon the Coaft of Mare
Ugujiicum, to whona belongs alfo Corfica & Capraria Infula.

7. Dux Mantanus e gente Gonzaga^ under whom is Vucatns Manta-
nus^ and the greater part of Vucatus Montis Ferrari.

8. Dux Mutinenfis e gente Elienfi, under whom is Dttcatus^ Mutinen-
fts & Rhegienfis^ Principatus Carpenfts & Corregienjls, and great part of
Carf€ronian£, or Carfagnana,

p. Dux Permenfts c gente Farmfia^ who enjoyeth Vucatus Permenjts &
Placentinuj, Ditto Bujfetana^ and great part of Principatus VaUis TarrL
JO. Lncca^ or Res Puhlica Lucenfts^ in Heturia.

11. Dux Majf£ e gente Pica, conmnmg Ducatus Majfe^ & Principa-
tus Carrari£, in Heturia,

12. D«x Mirandulanus e gente cibo , containing Ducatus Mirattduh
& Comitatus Concordi£.

1 3 . Dux Ga^all£ e gente Gonzago,

14. Dux Sabulonet£, under the Dominion of <S'^<f/«.

1 5 . Princeps CajiiUonis e gente Gonzaga,

1 6. Princeps Sulphurini e gente Gonzaga,

17- 'Princeps Monoid e gente Grimalda^ under the Prote<flion of France^

1 8, Princeps Majferina e gente Ferraria Flifca^& Marcinonatus Crepacorii.

ip. Princeps Plumbini e gente Ludovifiat contdiinin^ Principatus Plum'
hini & Ilua Infula^ now Elbe Ijle^ under the Dominion of Spain, -"

20. Comes Novel!ari£ e gente Gonzaga*

2 I. Res Publica S. Marini, Marcbio Fofdinovi e gente Malas pine^ in
VaVe Mazr£.

' The Emperor oi Germany has j^quilea^ and the Country oiGoritz^
as alfo Tergejh, Pedana & Piftno in Ijir'ta* The King of France hath Pig-
nerol, with its Dependencies.

Epifcopus Tridcntinus, is under the Dominion of the Count olTiroU

Laftly, The Swiff es have four Italian Prefe6tures, viz. Lugan, Lo~
carn^ Mendriftx^ and Madia., which before the the Year 1512. did be^
long to theDutchy oi Milan,

Gg 2 OF

.z8

Of Helvetia^ or Schmt^erlandt.

This Country^ which fhoM have followed Germany , heifig
mtfpUced in the Cop)/, is therefore here inferted

AT what time this whole Mountainous Trad, containing^many
feveral Nations, was comprehended under the general Name of
Helvetii, rhey were grown to fo great a Multitude, by a long Peace,
and want of Tr.ffique,th3t the Country, being barren was no longer
able to maintain tbem^fo that fetting fire to tHeir own Towns.they re-
folved to feek out new Dwellings > but their palTage being ftopp'd by

C£fary

Of the Smjfes. 22 g

Csfar^ he fo wafted them by feveral Defeats , that they were forced
to crave leave to return into their own deftroyed Country : After this,
they continued Members of the Roman Empire, till Conquered in the
times o^ Hmorius ^ndValentinian^ by the Burgundians and Mtnains^ be-
twixt whom it was divided i after taken by the French, it was made a
part of the Kingdom of Burgundy ; and at length, by degrees, brought
under the Power of theHoufe of Ju[hia^ by the Force of the Emperor
jilbert^ the Son of Kodolph oi Hafpurg : But the People being ove^:-
burthened by the OppreflSon of their Governors, taking occaiion by
the Fadions of the Empire, and the weaknefs of the Aulirian Family,
they contra6led a League Offenfive and Defenfive, for prefervation of
their Liberby \ into which entered thofe of Switz, , Vren and Vnder-
rvald 1308. more ftridtly 13 15. To thefe joined Lucern^ *353' 2«*
rich, I ^$ I. G lar if. Beam 2ind Zug^ 1352. Friburg zwd Soloturn, 1481.
Bafil and Schafhaufen, 1501. Appenzeet, 1553. Called Smtz,-, from the
name of the Village where firft began this Confederacy , or becaufe
the moft Famous and moft Potent of them ; not all united into one
Confederation till the Year 15 13. Of no great Reputation, till the
War made upon them by Charles Duke of Burgundy, whom they de-
feated in three Battels at Granfon, Morat, and Nancy,

This Country is in length about 240 miles, and 150 in breadth;
very Mountainous , affording Deers , Wild Goats, and Bears. The
lower parts of thefe Mountains afford rich Meadows, and nouriOiing
Paftures for Cattel, wherein confitts their greateft Wealth. In fome
places they have good Wines and Corn, if the Care and Induftry of
the Husbandman be not wanting. This is faid to be the higheft Coun-
try in dWEurope; yet is no place more ftored with Lakes, and the rife
of more famous Rivers, which run through all parts thereof, viz. The
Rhine Northward, through the 17 Provinces j the Danube Ealtward,
through Germany, Hungary, the Toe Southward , through Italy % and
the Rodamus Wertward, through France.

As the Soil, fuch are the Inhabitants , of rude and rugged Difpofi-
tions, more tit for Arms than Civil Occupations-, ferving any Prince
that will hire them. In a word, they are tall, well proportioned,
and ftrong ; naturally honeft, frugal and indudridus j great lovers of
their Liberty.

As for the Body of their State, it confifts of three difiind Parts, viz.
I. 'Wxt Schvnitzsrs* 2. The 5'^(7ffj' which are Confederate with theme
3. The rr£fe£iures, vvhich are Subjeds to the Schrvitzers.

The .9c^n?//2;erj-are comprehended in i'^ Cantons, viz. Suitia SvPitzl
Uria Vren^'TrattfilvaniaVuderopald, Lucma Lucern, 'THgiumLug,BernaB>;rn^

ligmiam:

2^0 Of the Swiffes^

Tigurhm Zttrich , Bajilea Baftl, Friburgum Friburg^ Salodomm Soloiurn^
Abbatis cella Appenzid^ Glarona Glaritz-, Scaphufta Schafhaufen. Thefe
make the Body of that Commonwealth, enjoying many Rights and
Privileges, which the others do not.

The fecond Member is made up of the Towns and States Confede-
rates with them for the Picfervation of their Liberties, r;z. The Rhx-
tii or G«/o/2j, who in the year 1408, united in a perpetual League with
Vren, Switz.^ Vnderwaldea^ Lucerny Zurich^ Glariiz and Zttg.

The Valeftiy Valaife^ or IFaliJIand^ who in the year i533,:ntred in-
to League with the feven Catholick Cantons.

The Town of St. Gal^ in the year 1452. obtained the Protedion
and Confederacy of the fix Cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucern, Smtz,
Zug, and Glariiz. The jibbot of St. Gd only with Zurichi Lucern,
Srpitzt and Glaritz,,

Mulhaufm & Miilhnfium,& Arialbimm Ant. tefle Simlero/m /ilfatjayZ
Town Imperial, joyncd in a perpetual League with all the Smtzers^
1515.

Rottveil & KoteviUaf in Su£viaj a Town-Imperial not far from the
head of the Danaiv, united 15 19. with all the Cantons.

Bienna, Bienne tejie Baudrand, rather Biely upon the Bie/er- Lake, was
taken into the League with Berrty 1 5-47.

Neocomium, Nanfchajlal Gallis, Notvenburg Germ, with Bern, Lucern
and Friburg.

Geneva, firft with Friburg, then with Bern and Zurich.

As for the Prefedures of the Smtzers^ they are fuch lefTer Parcels
and Addittaments, as have arrived to their State, and are fubjed to
their Authority, either by Gift, Purchjfe or War, viz.. the Town and
Countrey of Baden, Bremgarten, MtUingen, Raperfvilaos Kaperchftvill. The
free Provinces of Wageathal. The County of 7ergow, al. Tergea. The
Countrey and Town of Sargans and fValenjiat. The Prefedorfliip of
Rheifiecl{. The Vallies of Locarn, Lugan, Mendrift, and Madia. The Bai-
liages of Belinzona, Gajhren and Vlzenach. O^Granfon, Morat, and Orbe,
and Schiparzimburg, and the Count Verdemburg. All which Cantons,
as well as their Allies, are as fo many diftind Commonwealths, Go-
verned by their Magiftrates, and independent upon one another.
They have two forts of Religion amongft them, the Roman- Catholick
and the Proteftant ; The Catholick Cantons are five, or as fome count,
feven ; the five Cantons are, Vri, Smtz, Vnderwald, Lwarw, and Zug :
They that reckon feven, add Friburg and Soleuri. But Zurich, Bern, Ba-
ftl and ScafoufeyZK Proteftants ^ Glans and j^ppenzel are Proteftants and
Papifts mix'd together : The Catholick Cantons aflemble at Lucern,

and

Of the Swtjfes,. 2ji

and the Proteftant Cantons at Aran. The General Affcmblies are held
yearly at Badeuy which bears that Name from her Baths. Every Can-
ton is free to engage where it fees convenient.^ Among all thefe Can^
tons, Zurich has the Precedency : Bern is the moft Powerful. Bafil has
the fineft City, the Reiidence, and the Rendezvous of feveral learned
men. The Canton of Schafoafe has a City, famous for Trade j and in
Solothure ftands a City of the fame Name, where the moft Chriftian
King's Ambaffador refides. Vren^ Switz^ Underpaid ^ Claris^ and
yippenzel hive only Burroughs: The Order of the 13 Cantons, ac-
cording to their Precedency, is Zurich, Bern^ Lttcern^ Vren, Switz, Vn^
dirppald^ Zug^ Claris^ Bajil, Fribmgy Solothure^ Schafhaufen and Jppenzel.

Amongll the Allies of the Cantons, the Grifons are the moft Powerful
ef all. Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes o£
Italy and Germany are brought, by reafon of its Scituation upon the
Kh'me^ which in that place begins to grow Navigable.

The Chief Cities in thefe Cantons, are Zurkh^the Tigurium oiCaf^
& Liv. pleafantly fcituate at the end of a Lake, called ZuriehStz^ 01
Tigurinum Lacum^ divided almoft into two equal parts, by the River
Ligamus, which runs out of the Lake, but joy ned together by two
Bridges. The Houfes built of Timber and Painted, many four or five
ftories high. The Streets narrow, but paved with Flints and Pebbles,
»^Tis well Fortified, befides the Wall, with good Earth- works and
Trenches. It hath a Univcrlity. Its Citizens are Rich, given to Mer-
chandife, Bufieand Induftrious. To this belongs the Power and Autho-
riey of fummoning the GeneralDictSjand having the firft place in both
Aitemblies.

Ne2it Zurich was Zttinglius (lain, aged 44. years,- whofe Heart re*
mained whole in the raidft of the Fire, after his Body was confumedo
As alfo the Heart of Bifhop Cranmer in England^ as 'tis reported.>

Below Zurich upon th^ Ligamus, enjoying a moft happy and plea-
fant Scituation, lieth the Town of Baden, named thus from the hot-
Baths thereof, beautified with fair Buildings. The Seat of their Ge-r
neral Diets, much frequented and rcforted to j alfo for its publick
and private Baths, not fo much for. Health as Pleafure. The chiefeft
Virtue, is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women ; for
here the Men and Women prcmifcuoufly waihtogethar, and which is
wDrft, in private too.

Bafil Ang. Bafil Germ, Bafle Gal. Bafilea Ital Baftlia Merceh The Arial-
hinum of Ant. tejh Cluver & Sanfon. A City large and fair. The Houfes
builtof Stone for the moft part, and painted, compaffcd with a dou^'
hie Wall and Trench, Richand Populous. The River Rhim divides

it.

2^3 OftheSmffes.

it into two parts, which are joined together by a Bridge of fourteen
Arches. In this City arefaid to be 600 Fountains. It gives Title to
a Bifhop, who is not fuffercd to lodge in the Town one Night. Spanta-
lus an Englifh-ra'dn was the Hrfl: Bifhop here. 'Tisan Univerlity found-
ed by Pope Pius the id.

Here was Erafmtis buried ; and here was. held that Council, where
it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope, ^n. 143 i.

Near hereunto is the Village /^«g^, where ftrjod the City Attgttfta
Kauracon^ Ptol. Rauriaca of Flin. and Bafilia & Civitofy Bafil/enJiumo( Ant,

B.rn, feared upon the Aar^ with whofe Streams, lHand-like, itisa!-
moll: round encompaffcd > on that fide which is not, it is ftrongly for-
tified with Baftions and Out- works. 'Tis built of Stone, and hath
one long Street, with narrow Porticoes, or Cloyfters, on both fides.
Tiie great Church is one of thehanfomeft Stone- Fabricks iu all Smt-
zcrland.

Ljicern isfeated upon both fides of the River Rufs, iiTuing forth of
the Lake Lucernznd ffaldjietteH-See, a neat City, and pleafantly feated j
it hath four Bridges over the Rufs. one for Carts, the other Foot-
Bridges, one near a quarter of a mile long. The great Church ftands
without the City- Wall, and is noted for its great Organ. The City is
well traded, and much frequented by Strangers, being the ordinary
Road between Italy and Germany, and the Rendezvouz of their Mer-
chandife pailingthat way.

Altrof^ an open Village, is the chief of the Canton of 7Jren, The
Village of Switz gave name to the Countrey. Stantz, is the chief of
the Canton of Undertvald. Glar/s gives Name to thatCantoa Zug is
a Walled Town upon the Left Shore of the Z»ge«-Sea. Appenz.el was
fometimcs the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gj//, then Lords of the
Countrey : now gives Name to the Canton. Solothum^ Solothurum of
Ant. u^on the Aar^ was the place of Martyrdom of Vrfus and his ^5
Theban Soldi'^rs, in the Reign of the Emperor Viocleftan. Friburg
upon the KwtxSana. is a handfomeTown, and Head of the Canton.

Schaf'haufen is feated upon the River Rhine, where all Boats and
Floats that come down the River, unload, becaufe of the Catarad:
or precipitous Defcent of the Rhine at Wafferfal. Here, as at Zurich^ the
Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad.

Chief Tovvns of the Confederate Eliates, are Geneva Cdf. Geneura
Ital GnefGcrm. is pleafantly feated at the lower end of the Lake
Lemtnm, now Genfferz.ee, or the Lake of Geneva, divided by the River
Rhofm into two parts , which arc joyned together by two Wooden
Bridges, flrong and well fortified with Ramparts and Baftions of Earth',

and

Of the Sivijfes, 2^3

and well governed, where Vice is difcountenaiiGed, yet Sports and
Exercifes allowed upon the Lord's Day ^ the People Indultrious in
Trading, and Provifions plentiful. Lofanne^ Laufanva^ the Laufonium
Ant. is a great Town and Univeriity upon Lams Lamani.

Coiravel Coria ltd. Chut Incolis ^Curia Ant. & P/(«c. is the Capital Ci-
ty of the Grifons, almoin environed with Mountains, a Biftiop's See,
whofe Inhabitants are all Proteftants, except the Bi(hop, who hath no-
thing to do in the Government of it, yet Coins Money, which is
currant there. This Rh£tt.i^ or Country of the Grifons, is divided
into three parts, i. Legd Vjlla^ Cafx Dio^ or Fxdus Vomus Dei. 2. Lega
Grifa. 5. Vicci Dritture or Fxdus decern JunfdiClionuM,

SionltaL Sitten Ger. Sedunum C£f. & Phn. is the chief Townof F^j/e-
fiaox Watiflitids^ reaching along the Courfe of the Rhofne. A Biihop's
See, feated upon the Rhofne in a Plain, under a fteep bifoiked Moun-
tain, fpiringup in manner of two high and precipitous Rocks ; upon
the top of the one is the Cathedral Church, and the Houfes of the Ca-
nons upon the other, which is much higher. The ftrong Cattle called
Thyrhilc^ in Summer-time the pleafant Recefsof the Bilhops, the Key
of the Countrey.

Ma^i/ucl^ is the Orlodurus of C^/i & Civit. Valetifium Ant. St. Mauriaz
Agaunnm^ now St. M'nhz-, clofed with a Cattle, and tvvo Gates upon
the Bridge, and the Moun^'ains which (hut up the Countrey, which is
within molt pleafant, fruitful, and happy in Corn, and excellent Pa-
fmre •, where is alfo Salt Springs difcovered, /^««o 1544. r\t:ii Sitten.
Alfo divers Fountains of hot Medicinal Waters. Without, the Coun-
try is environed with a continual Wall of horrid and ficep Mountains.
The farprife of it alarmed all Europe., when feized upon by the Count
Fuentef^ for the King of Spahi.

M liingen. Bnmgarfen md Mi'w^cr^, chief Places of Wagenthal.)\\t up-
on the /?«r/ River. B/?/ appeit ineth to the Bifhopsof Btfii, Netven-
burg to the H tufc of Longmv/l'e in Fr.uice, both confederate with Bern.

The chitf places of Jurgow^ are St. Gj/, feated amongft Mountains,
not far from the VJjine^ and the Lake Bodenzee. or Conjimce. The City
is Rich, and well Goven.ed, inhabited by an indullrious People, iii
making S uffsand Linn n > Jothes From the famous Monalhy hereof,
are niined the Abbots, Princes of the Empire, and of great Power
and Revcr.ncein this Countrey. Frarvenfeld is the chief belonging to
theContedcrate Cantons.

Chief pi jces in the Italivi Prefe{fi:ares, are Lncern, & Lorcamum^
felted ilia pl:afant and fruitful Pliin, betwixt high Mountains, and
the Head of the Lake Mjggiore^ the Vcrbanus Laciis^ Strab.& Plin.' ^nd

H h Luganttm.'

254 ^/ ^^^h-

Luganum^ upon the Lake Lueanus^ Paulin. Lago de Lugano^ Ital. Luvomz'
z,ee, Helvet.

Chiavenna Ital. Clavenna Ant, Claven^ i o Italian Miles from the Lake
Como, The Lariuf Strab.& Flin. the Comacams of y^.'it. & P. Diac. Lacus
Infubri^^ Lago di Como Italis^ Cnmerfee Germanis. Bortniu Ital. IVorms^
Germ. & Sondrio, are the chief Places in the Valtolina , Val'is Telina &
Volturena Provincia.

The Lake of Geneva is crofled by the Rhofne^ and yet they never mix
their Waters together. And there are Tempel\s upon it, even in fair
Weather, becauie it lies at the foot of the Hills. The Natives report,
That Juliui C£far threw his Treafure into this Lake, vi^hen he vi^as pur-
fued by the Smtz>ers 5 but hitherto they have fought for it in vain.

The Waters of all the Lakes and Rivers in this Countrey, are ob-
fcrved to be of a greenifti Colour, as the Sea- Water, and yet are not
Brackilh or Salt.

{?/ I T A L Y.

IT'aly is fcituated in the middle Temperate Zone, in (hape of a Leg,
betu'een the Mediterranean Sea, and the Gulphof Venice. The Alps
( which F. Livy calls the Walls of Italy and Kome ), guard it towards
thofe parts where it borders upon France^ Savoy, Smtzerland^ and
Germany. The Appenine cuts through all the length of it. Ft?, Adige^
Tiber and Arno, are the biggeft Rivers.

The Italians are Polite, Ingenious, Subtile,and very prudent; inCon-
verfation pleafant i in Carriage obliging, extreme in their Cuftoms,
temperate in their Diet, faithful to their Friends ; but thefe Dirp6fi-
tionsare much fullied by four Vices, Revenge, Luftj Jealonfie and
Swearing.

The Women for the mofi: part are handfome, of good Wit, and mo-
deft Behaviour j Saints in the Church, Angels in the Streets, Magpies
at the Door, Syrens in the Windows, and Goats in the Gardens.

Their Cities are therefore the fairer and better built, becaufe the
Nobility and Gentry ufually have their Habitations in them.

Their Language is Courtly and Eloquent, much of the Latin', but
the Tufcan Dialed, as being more polilhed, is received at the Court of
Rome, and among Perfons of Quality.

The Italians count not their Hours as we do, from 12 to 12. begin-
ni^ig at Mid-day and Mid-night; but begin their account from Sun-
fctting, reckoning from 1 to 24 Hours for a Day 5 and therefore ne-

ceilitated

Of Italy. 235

ceffitated- to alter and new-fet their Clocks every Day, the fetting of
the Sun being a moveable Point or Term.

In Italy are a vaft number of Religious Houfes, where young Wo-
men of Quality, who for want of fufficicnt Fortunes or Pcrfonal En-
dowments, cannot get Husbands fuitable to their Birth or Quality,
their Parents for a fmall matter difpofe of, and fettle them there for
their lives.

There are alfo Hofpitals for the Entertainment of poor Travellers,
who have their Diet and Lodging for three days ( Gratis,}^ befides a
piece of Money when they go away.

There are airo Hofpitals to take care of all expofed Children that
are brought and put in at a Grate on purpofe ; for at the ringing of a
Bell an Officer comes and receives the Child, and carries it to a Nurfe,
and ihere it is maintained till it be grown up.

The Nobility and Gentry of lutly chufe rather to fpend their Reve-
nues in building fair Palaces, and adornhig them with Pictures and
Statues, in making Orchards, Gardens, Walks, than in keeping
great Houfes, and plentiful Tables. And certainly 'tis better Charity
to employ poor people, awd give them Money for work, than to give
them Money freely, and fuffer them to live in Idlenefs.

One Ph£n:m(non obferved at Rome by Mr. Kay was, that in {harp Fro-
fly weather in the middle of Winter, the Water in the Fountains
was fohot, that he thought it had been heated over. the fire.

Italy is divided into three great parts; 1. The Higher part, which
is Lomhardy, Longobardia^ containing the greatcfl part of Gallia Gfalpina^
in which lies the Dutchy of Savoy, the Principality of Piedmont^ the
Dutchy of Mmtferrat^the Commonwealth o^Genoua, Kiviera diGenoua^
the Dutchy of Milan, Stato di Milano^ of Parma, StaioddVHca diPar-
ma^ oi M'dena, Ducatus Mutinenfis, Stato del Vaca dt Modena, of Man'
toua^ Stato del Duca di Mint ma, the Territories of the Venetians^ Stato
di Venetia, and the Bifhoprick of Trent,

2.. The middle part, wherein are the Dominions or Land of the
Church, Statn della Chic fa, or Vitio Ecclefa. The Eftates of the Great
Duke of ttifca-ny, or Ditii Magni Vucis Heturi£ fou Titfcia. And the Com-
monwealth of Lucca, Duminum Reipublic£ Lucenfis.

5. The Lower, in which is the Kingdom of Naples y Regno di Napoli.

4. To v/hich we may add a fourth, viz. the adjacent Ifles Sicilia,
Sardinia, Corftca, dec.

H h 2 Of.

z^6

OfSAvoY and Piedmont.

TH E Ancient Inhabitants of this Mountainous Countrey, were ge-
nerally called by the Name of AUohroges \ of whoni the firft
mention we find in Story, is the Atonement made by Hjnnibal \n his
paffage this way, between Bmncus and his Brother, about the Succeffi-
on of the Kingdom ; afterwards fubdued by the Romans^ under the
ikvcral Condads of C. Vomium Mnobarbus^ and ^. Fabins Maxianus :

After

Of Savoy, 2^7

After which, CoUim^ one of the Kings of thefe ^Mr<7ge/j wasinfpe-
cial favour with Augiti^m C^far , whence it had the Names of ,Hpes
CoUi£, and by that Name reduced into the form of a Province by A/to.
In the de^Uiiing of the Roman Empire, it became a p.ut of the Ku-g-
doiT5 of iBj!/r^»/Z(^j^,_andjpaired with other Rights, to the Empire oi Ger-
many^ "T.

Amadkiht ITd' Farl of Mattrienne^ was, by the Emperor Henry the
IVth. invefted with the Title of 5'^r'rt)'; And /4wW?j the VIII th, created
the rirft Duke by Sigifmund^ Ann. J 3^7 But the main Power and Pa-
trimony of this Houfe, was by the Valour of the two Enrls , Thomas
and Peter ^ in the Years 1210, and 1256. who got by Conquelt a great
part of Piedmont ; to which the Marquifate of Saluces was united by
Marriage of the Daughter to Charles Duke of Savoy, whofe Succcilbrs
kept poffellion of it, till Francis the Firif. pretending fome Title to it,
in Right of his Mother, a Daughter of the Houfe of Savoy, annexed
it to the Crown of France ^ from which it was recovered, during the
Civil Wars of France^ by the Savoyards, about 1588. by whom 'tis
{fill poflfelTed : By reafon of the difficult and narrow ways, and thofe
full of Thieves , it was once called Malvoy ; but the Paflages being
opened by theinduftry of the People, ani purged of Thieves by good
Laws, it was called Savoy, Salvoy, Sabaudia Lat. Savoia Italis, La Sa-
voye, Oallk.

It is full of thofe Mountains which we call by a general name of
Alps, though feveral Branches have their peculiar Names : M tent Ce-
nis, and little St. Bernard, open the two moft confiderable PaiTagcS in-
to Italy, *Tis a Country healthy enough, but not vexy fruitful, except
(bme Valleys, which are very fertil and deligh ful.

The common People are naturally dull and limple. and unwarlike,
but the Gentry civil and ingenious. It paiTcs for the moft noble and
primier Dukedom of Chriftendom •, the povver and prefence of whofe
Dukes are the more confiderable, becaufe Miiiers of the moft part of
the Paffages out of France into Italy -, and by the PofTeilion of Piedmont,
the County of Nice, and other Signiories.

Under the name oi Savoy are comprehended thefe fix parts. Suhau-
dia propriu^ La Savoye. Genevenjis Comitatuf , Le GenevAs. Mmriana ,
La Maurienne. Tarantaifia , La Tarantaife. Foffiniacum , Le Fojjigny^ &
Cabillictis TraCius, Le Chablais,

Chamhery, Chambericum^ Chamberiacum, or Carmrriacum^ Civaro. Cic.
tefie C£nali, & FirumVicontii, telle Pineto , is tiie Capital City of the
Dukedom, and the refidence of a Parliament ; fortiritd with a ftrong
Callle, and good Outworks.

Mjntme-

238 of Bavoj,

Mjfitmelian, Monmdianum^ is the place of ftrength , with a Citadel
that defends the reft of the Mountains, almoft inacceffible, where they
fay the Keys of Savoy are locked up. Taken by (he French i6pi.

M<m(iiers, Monajierium^ is an Archbifhop's See, the Civitiis Cantorum
of Ant. Annecy^ Annecium^ was the Relidence of the Biftiops of Geneve.

Ripaile was the Retiring place of Felix the IVth, before and after
his Pontificate, that Prince living at peace in fuch a retirement from
bufjnefs, that it became a Proverb, to Irveat Ripaile, of thofe that only
took their pleafure, and lived at eafe.

Other Places zxeClufe^ Clufe. Fannum SanBi Johamm. St. Jean in
Mjuriena Vaie. Ihonon, Ihononiitm, or Ihnnonium. Le Bourg St. Morice.
In the Mountains boidering on this Country and France, are the Pro-
geny oi' the ^7%rr_,^.f, which about the Year 1 100. fiood for the Li-
berty of the Church, and the Dodriue of their PredeccfTors 5 and a-
bout the Year 1^50. they were almoft utterly ruined by the Popes and
Fwic,^ Kings. The remainder preferring their Confcience before their
Country, ictired up into the Mountains, and by their Indufiry and
good Husbandry,ni..de the very Rock^ to bring forth Herbage for their
Cattel, jnd here they worftiipped God according to the Reformed
Churches until the latter end of Francis the Firft, when happened the
MalTacre of Mrrimahum , or Mmgnan GaUis , and Chahrieres. And in
the Year id62, and 1553. they were again perfecuted and mafTacred
by fhe Savoyirds, Mr. Ray in his Travels of 166^. met with fome of
the Protertants of Lucern and Angrona at 7urin, who told him that they
were in number about 15000 Souls, and 2000 Fighting- men •, that
they dwell in 14 Villages, that rhey are the only Proteftants in Italy,
and iiave maintained their Religion 1200 years. But what hath been
done to them fmce 1^84. Hiftory is filent; until the Expedition of
the Vaudoif, l6Sp.

Within the Limits of Saviy h the Signiory of Geneva, about eight
Leagues in compafs, feated on the Like Lemamx, divided into two
parts by the Rhofne, well fortifisd, and a flouriihing Univeriity, go-
verned by a Common Council, con(i(tit-g of 200, the four chief where-
of are called Slndiqms. Tne Church-Govcrnment confiftefh of Lay-
men and Miniikrs, begun \>s Calvin, Anno 1541. Formerly it was
theSoveraigntyof theDuke of .9dwj/ (>-,d therefore mentioned in this
place; but unce the refinance of the gr:ai Siege 158^, they have flood
on their own Liberty, and are reckoned a CommonwealcL

Of Piedmont:, Fiemont Gallis^ Principatuf Pe-
demontana^ Lat. Gallia Subalpna, Plin. &c.

IT is now in the pofTeffion of the Duke of Savoy. The ancient In-
habitants whereof, were the Salaffii^ Lihyci and 7auTmi. all van-
quifhed by the Romans^ fubdued afterwards by the Lumbards, of whofe
Kingdom it remain'd a part till its fubverfion, and then became divi-
ded into feveral Efiates, till conquered by Thom^if and Peter Earls of
Savoy ^ \n Anno 1481.

Poffefled after by the French, upon pretence of a Title by the afore-
faid Marriages after recover'd by the ^^^z/oyjr^. Anno 1588. And in
the year 1 600 compounded with Henry the Fourth , the County of
Brefi being given in exchange for the Marquifatc of Salujfe^ Marchefato
di Saluzzo Italis, whofe chief place is Saluzzo Ital. Saluce Gal. Augu^a
Vagknnorum^ & Saline Vtol. of which, together with the reft of Pied-
monty and fome places of importance in Montferrat^ this Family of Sa-
voy do now ftand poffefied of.

A Country very fertile in Corn, Cattel, Wine and Fruits, Hemp
and Flax, compared with Savoy and Smtz^erland^ but inferior to the
reft of Italy ^ to which it did belong.

It contains 15 Marquifates, 52 Earldoms, 160 Caftles, or Walled
places : divided into thefe parts, viz. Vucatus Jugujianusy k Vuchede
Aoufie. Marchionatuj Segufmus^ le Mar qui fate de Sufe. Marchionatut Epo-
redU^ le Marqmfate £ Juree. Marchhnatus Salutiarum^ le Marquifat de- Sa-
Iftffe. MarchionatUi Cev£. Le Marquifat de Ceva , Comitatus Ajienjis , le
Comte d Afte, Vomininm VerccVenfe, la Scigneurie de Vercdl, To which is
added Canavenfis "tradusy la Canavefe.

The Principal Town whereof is I'urin, AttgufiaTaurinorum Volih. Plin,
Ptol. Haurafu App. 6^ Liv. the Court and Palace of the Duke of Savoy,
fcifuate on the River Po, a place very important for the Guard of
Italy, and fortified with a ftrongCittadel ; adjoining to it is a Park of
the Duke's , fix miles in Circuit, full of Woods, Lakes and pleafant
Fountains, which makes it one of the fweeteft Scituations in Europe:
The See of an Archbifnop, and an Univerfity where Erafmus took
his Degree.

Vercelli, & Vercell£^ Ptol. Verceil 'Gallis , a ftrong Town , bordering
upon Milain 5 and by the Pyrenean Treaty reftored to the Duke of
Savoy.

ISlice,

2^0 0/ Mont fer rat,

Nice, or Nizze^ Nic£a Strab, Liv. Vrbs Vediantiomm^ built ouf of the
Ruins of Ccmchmum^ Ptol. Cemelion^ Flin. Cemela. Not. fix milts North-
wards. Sea^^ed at the iiiHux of the Kiva Varm^ near the Sea ; beauti-
fied with a Cathedral Church , the Bifliop's Palace, a Monaftery of
Nuns, and an Impregnable Cittadel, famous for the reliftance of a
Navy of 200 Sail, under the T^nrk^fh Admiral Barbarofa. Anno 154.3.
given by Joanna Ludovico 11. to the Duke of S iVoy.^ 13^5' The Coun-
try is called Nifxcnfu Comitafur^ la nntado di Nizz,a, Incolis. Le Cotnte
de Mce^ Gallif. And is f mous for the '^Ihonc^mer Hipparchus^ and the
Poet Prrtbenius. Near which is the Haibor Villa Franca^ where the

Dukes Gal'ies do ride. , J^rea., or Hiurea is the Eporedia of Ptol.

EpnnediJ Piin Ep'^radia Strab. Eporadh /int. Ew^itha Sheld. a Bifhop's
See and gives Title to the M^rquifate del June. ConiCwuum-, taken by
the French 1641 now it bel(1ng'^ to the DuKe of Savcy^ a ftrong wulkd
Town. ShP' S^gufwm^ Ptol. Se^i^fw Plm. & Ant, is the chief place of
the Segufi lUS Mirchionatm. Ceva the Ceba Cafeum & Ccbanum Plin. and
gives name to a Marquif-te. Joulie, Aod / & Jugji. Germ. Avoji & Aojie
Gallis., is the Air/^u-it Pr£iorh Plin. & Ptol. and the chief ot Augujia
Ducatus^i ancien^y a Roman Colony, and now for greatiit^fs and beauty
of her Buildings may compare with the moH ftately Cities of Lombardy*
Silu\ziltalis Scilutidi, Saline., & u ^u\i a Vagiennor urn o{ ih.% ^nzKwisi
Saiuce , GaVis is the chief pi tce, Mircbefato di Saluzzo. Carmaniala^
now Carmtgnjla, is feated two miles froni the Pt; River, and nine from
the T-nariif. ^uirM is ihe Chrrafceo^ ox Cuirafco^ CarreaPlin.

Clarji'^um & Chierafco^ is famous {or the ^eace mide Anno 16^1. The
Principality of M/{f^rJ« is undei the Government of its own Prince, .
Ce gente Ferrera FUfca) who is a Dependant on the Pope.

Piznerol, Pinaroliam. Pinarolo Ital. Fortitied with a Caflle of great
importance ; io'd by Charles Emanuel to hwis the Thirteenth ot France,
Anno 1631. a Commodious Pafs from France to Italy on all occafions.

Of Montferaty or Montis Ferrati Ducatmy
MonJ^rato Italis^ Monf err at Gallif.

THE Elbte or Country o( Montferat doth in part belong to the Duke
of Mantua , and the relt to the Duke of Savoy.^ a Wounfainous
Country, but of a fertil Soil. The River lenarus parts the Poflellions
of MantUa from that of Savoy,

Chief

Of GenoM, 241

Chief places belonging to the Duke of Mantua, are the impregnable
Fortiried Cafale^ 01 Cafal, upon the ?<?, Bodincomagum & Budincomagus
oiPlin. & Viol, Anno 1540. the French beat the Spaniards off from
the Siege of Cafal , and in their Camp took docoo Duckets , and a
Chariot that coft 8000 Duckets, Surprifed by the French^ i6pi.

It is fortiHed with a Cartle and ftrong Cittadel, the fureft Key to
the Eltate of the Duke of Maniua^ and indeed to all Italy.

Alba, Alba Pompeia, where Feriimx the Roman Emperor was born,
but barbaroufly murthered by the Pretorian Soldiers j now belongs to
the Duke of Savoy, fince the Peace of Qukras^ or Pace Clarafci.

Trin GaVis^ Trino halls, Tridinum & Iridinium Veteri, a walled Town,
refiored to the Duke of Mmtua by the Peace aforefaid.

u4cqui, Aqu£ Statell£ Strab. Aqii£ StatycUa Plhu belonging to the
Duke of Mantua.

Chief Pvivers are the Great and Little Voire. The Star a, and the
Denarus, and the Bnrmio.

Of the State ofGenouayReffublica Genuenjis
ilGenovefato^feuKiviera di Genom.

ONce very large, at prefent containing only the Ancient Liguriay
in the Continent, the Ifle Ccrfca and Capraria,

The old Ligurians were a flout and warlike Nation, vanquifhed by
the Romans, and made one of the 1 1 Regions of Italy , in Augufius
C^far^s Divifion -, and one of the 17 in the time of Conjiantine the Em-
peror. A Country very Mountainous in the Land, and full of craggy
Rocks to the Sea, but among thofe Hills are Rich Valleys, abounding
in Citrons, Limons, Oranges and Vines, which produceth excellent
Wines.

'Tis in length about i 50 m.iles, in breadth not one fourth part fo
much, tho fome Pretenders to Geography tell us, 'tis 80c in length,
and notfo much in breadth.

The chief City whereof is called Genoua, of old Genua ; firfi built by
Janus the hrft King of Italy, but miferably defiroyed by Magn the Bro-
ther of Hannibal', built again by the Senate of Rome, but again ruined
by the Lombards, and re-edihed by Charles the Great, frituate on the
Shore of the Ligurian Sea, full of liately Palaces richly adorned within
and without, to which are joined pleafant and delightful Gardens. Its
Strada Nuava or Neppjireet, being a long and fpacious Street, on each

I i fide

2^2 0/ Genoua,

fide embellifhed with ftately Palaces, for the moft part all fupportedi
with vaft Pillars of Marble, not to be paralleled in the World : Among
which is the Jefuits Colled g, and magnificent Church, but inferior to
a new Church, over one of whofe Altars (to omit other Ornaments
of an exceffive value) are placed four Pillars of wreathed Aggat of an
incredible greatnefs. The Palace of the DorU with its famous Bird-
Cage. To which we may add its new Mould built even in the Sea,
which make the Port (encompaffed with fjsir Buildings, in form of a
Theatre) twice as large, and much fafer than before ; oppofite to
which, on a ?haros is a Lanthoin of great bignefs, to give light to
Sea-men in the Night. This City is in circuit about 8 Miles, fortified
toward the Sea by Art, towards the Land by Art and Nature. Now
Genoui^ laSuperba. The Inhabitants are addidted to Trade and Ufu-
ry. The Women are allowed the liberty of the Streets.

Other places of Note, are Sarzana or Serezana, a ftrong Fortrefs
within the Confines of Tufcany. Vrincipatus Mjn£ci^ Monaco Jncolis^
Mourgues Gallis^ Hrcules Mon£ci Tortus or old, is a fmall, but a ftrong
Town, feated upon a Rock under its own Prince. Gente Grimaldi^
Ann. 1641. It received the French Protedion. Finale is the Volliopcs ^
of Ant. t((ie Siml. Taken by the French i6pi, as was alfo

Oneglia is a Principality under the Duke o£ Savoy ^ tejie Baud.

Savona^ Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain^
and Lewis the \2th of France^ as alfo for yielding three Popes to the
Church of Rome. Vtntimiglia Abiniminium Ptol. Alhintimilium lac. Al-
hintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var, and Alhenga^ Albingatinum Plin, Albi-
gaunum Ptol. both well fortified.

As for their Government, the principal of their Magiftrates hath the
Name of Duke, to whom there are afliitant 8 Principal Officers, which,
with the Duke are called the Signeury, which is alfo in matters of
greateft concern fubordinate to the General Council, confining of 400
Perfons, all Gentlemen of the City, who v/'ith the Signctery^ conftitute.
the whole Body of the Commonwealth,

Their Forces have been loooo ready to Arm at anytime, and
25 Gallies always ready in the publick Arfenal^ 4 Gallies at Sea to fe-
Qure their Trade.

They are now under the Shelter and Prote<Sion of the Spaniards,

24?

Of the Dutchy o£ Milan. Ducatus Medio-
lanenfis Stato de Milam.

WHofe Ancient Inhabitants were the hfuhres, but is now under
the Obedience of tl e King oi Spain ^ feated in the beii part of
Lombardy^ rich in Natures gifts, and for its wonderful Fertihty, eftecm-
ed the Flower in the Garden of Italy, and the Noblcft Dutchy in Chri-
ilendom 5 the ways are there very pleafant, fet out almoft as ftrait as
a Line, with Channels of running Water, and rows of Trees on both
fides ; the moit delirable Place to live in that can be feen, if the Go-
vernn:i£nt were not fo exceffive fevere , that there is nothing but po-
verty over all this rich Country.

Its chief City is Mtlan^ Mediolanum Strab. Plin. Milaiio Ital, Meyland
Germ, which tho fo often ruined, and its Foundations fown with Salt;
having been befiegcd 40, and taken 22 tinnes ; yet it exalts it felf as
the faireft and greateit City of all Lombardy^ feated in a wide Plain,
environed with kveral Rivers, ftrongly guarded with a fpacious and
almoft impregnable Caflle, betides its other Fortiiicationsi the Build-
ings fair and (lately , three efpecially very rriagnificent, its Caflle or
Cittadel, Hofpital or Lazarette^ its Cathedral or Vome ; here are 3 6 Mo-
nafteries of Nuns, 30 Convents of Friers, p(5 Parochial, 1 1 Collegiat
Churches, moft of v,7hich are lately Strudures, beautified with curi-
ous Paintings, Images and Sepulchres. In the Cabinet of the Chanoim
Sctalla, are rare Curiofities, both of Art and Nature.

The whole City is about 10 miles in compafs, exceeding populous,
containing 3 000c o Inhabitants-, very rich, having many Families of
Nobility and Gentry, of great Commerce by reafon of its Merchants,
Shopkeepers and Artificers, and a general Staple for all Merchandizes
from France, Spain,, and other parts of Zf^/y and Germany,

Oi'her places in M//^«, are i Pavia, Papi£ feu T'icinum, madeanUni-
verfity by Charles the IVth, guarded with a Cafile, and adorned with
the richefi; Cathedral in Enrope^ worth 300C00 Crowns per Annum,
famous for the Battel in Vt'hich Francis the firlt King of France was ta-
ken Prifoner by C^jdAj- the Vth. 2. Alexandria, ox Ahjfandria. now
the ftrongeH: Work of the whole Dutchy; well fortified againft the Af-
faults and Batteries of ihcFrencb. 3. Cremcna, feated on the Banks of
the P.'je; a place of good Trade, its Houfes ftatcly, its Streets large,
beautified with curious Gardens, famous for its highTov/cr and Ca-

1 i 2 thedral

i44 Modeptdy &c.

thedral Church. Here ViteVius's Soldiers were defeated by the Forces
of Pefpajjatiy and. the Town fired by them. Ljcii is the Lauj Pompeja
of the Ancients, a Frontier Town, but a miferable Garifon, 20 miles
from Milan, in the Venetian Territory. T'oriona is the Vertona Ptol. &
Plin.Verton. Steph. Verthonot Varthon^ Strab. taken by the French, 16^2,
after delivered to the Spaniards, Nuvara^ Crema & Mortara, are alfo
confiderable. Her Lakes are Lago Magiorcy Vtrhanus Lzcus o£ Sirah. in
length 300 Stadia, $6 miles, and 6 broad, with her two Borremean
Iflands, the lovelieft Spots of Ground in the World, 2. Lago Del Co-
ma, 3 . Lugam Lams, or Lago di Lugano. Its Rivers are OHim, now
Oglio River j Ahdua^ now Adde River ; Lamhrm fl. hodie, Lamhro Ri-
ver, licinm fl. now Tefine River, which runs with fuch a force, that in
3 hours with one Rower, Vt. Burnet was carried 50 miles. Sencia fl.
or Scefta Pviver. 4. Coma, or Comnm , where the Plinies were born,
on the South of the Lagode Coma, aforefaid, a Lake 48 miles in length,,
LaricHT Lactts, Strab, & Plin.

Of Modena.

H E Dukedom of Modena^ Vucatus Mutinenfu, Stato del Vuca di
Modena, contains the Cities of Modena and Reggio, with the Ter-
ritories adjoining to them 5 Mi?^£«^ the Capital City, anciently better
known by the name of Mutina, famous for the tirft Battel between An-
tony and Augulius Cafar, Now the Reiidence of their Duke, whofe
Palace, though not outwardly great, yet is richly adorned within. 5.
whofe Cabinet or Mufeum, is well furnifhed with choice of natural Ra-
rities, Jewels, &c. Brijfello, Brixellum Plin. & Ptol. famous for the Death
of Otho the Roman Emperor, who here ilew himfelf, becaufe his Army
was unfortunately vanquiihed by ViteHius, Reggio, Regium Lepidi, a
Place that has occafioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old
Dukes of Ferrara. Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and
Wood.^

Of Varma.

THE Dukedom of Parma, Vucatits Tarmenfu, or il Vucato di Par--
ma, is much of the fame nature for Soil and Air, as Modena.
Its chief City Parma, is feated in a fruitful Plain, 5 miles diftant
from the Appenine, about 4 miles in compafs, adorned with many

rich.

Of Mantua. 245

rich and ftately Strudures, very populous, and well inhabited by Gen-
try,who are much addided to Le;ir.,ing, Arts and Arms •, the Grounds
about this City are of excellent PsUorage, which feed abundance of
Sheep. Here is made the curious Parmafan Cheefe fo much eftcemed
throughout all Europe.

The Duke hath here his Palace, a place of great delight and fiate ;
its Churches are beautiful and rarely embelliihed with Pictures and
Images.

2. Fhcenz.a^ or Placentia, famous for the Refiftance which it made
both to Uannib.il and Afdmhal j now renowned for its Fairs quarterly
kept, which all Itdy^ Germany^ and other Countries do frequent, and
here make their Exchanges.

The River tnbU was witiiefs to the overthrow of xh& Romans by
Hannibal.

Of the Dutchy of Mantua.

THE V)\J^kt^oa\ o{ Mantua^ Vucatits Maniuanm^ DHcato di Mantoua
Italis, is a Country plentiful in Corn, Pafture, Wines, and all
fort of Fruit; Mantoua^ the chief City, is feated in a Lake, 20 miles
in corapafs, by nature very itrong and well fortified ^ having no en-
trance, but over Cawlies. The Dukes Palace is fair and ftately, and
the beft furnifhed in all haly^ except his Palace at MirmiroUa^ 5 miles
from the City, which for the Plealares and Delights thereof, and for
its rich furniture and beautified Gardens, may acceptably entertain .
the be!! Prince in Chriucndom. AJantcua is of great Antiquity, Scbot-
tus faith, 'tis 4 Miles in compafs, hath 8 Gates, and about 50000
Soul?. It was miferably attacked by the Germans, 161 p. and by the
Emperor Ferdinand the lid's Army in the Year 16^0. The Duke's
yearly Revenue is fiid to be 400000 Crowns ; yet the prefent Duke is
very poor, being indebted to the Venetians^ as Leti faith, four Millions
of Crowns. There are belides four of five fmall Princes, but Sove-
raign Lords, viz, Novellara, Guajieila, Bozolo^ Sabionetta, whofe Male-
line is failed ; Calti^lione and Sol fare.

As alfo of the Eliate of the Dutchy of Mmtferrat, which doth in par:
belong to the Duke of M-mtH^.y the other part to the Duke of Savoy^
as aforcfaid.

2 4^

Of the States of Venice.

TH E DeiTiefnes of the Venetians are very full of Rivers , Lakes
and Channels ; 'tisaRepublique of above 1200 years ftanding,
and the Bulwark o{ Chrifiendom againil the TttrJ^s. The chief City is Vi-
nice^ or Venetia, feated at the bottom of the Adriaikh^ Sea, or Gulph of
Venice^ built on 72 Iflands, diilant from the main Land about five
mile, and defended from the fury of the !"ea by a Bank of (fome fay)
60, other 35 miles in length, open in feven places, which fave for
paflages for Boats ox Gondola s^ of which there are 1300. but for Ships
or VclTels of great burthen, the only pafTage is at Malamocco, and Ca-
ftle Udo^ which are rtrongiy fortified j it is about 8 miles in ccmpafs,
having about 4000 Bridges, of which that ot the Rialto is the chie,
built over the Grand Canal. The Lagunes^ or Shallows of Venice^ fink
of late fo much, that the preferving it (lill an liland, is like to become
as great a charge to the Venetians , as the keeping out of the Sea is to
the Vutch.

Its Arfenal is the moft beautiful, thebiggeft, and the beft furnifhed
in all Europe, being about two miles in circuit, where they always keep
200 Gallies, with all Materials for War.

Its Magazine of all forts of Engines and Arm.s for Sea and Land,
among which are 1000 Coats of Plates garniilied with Goldj and co-
vered with Velvet.

But above all, its Churchof St. M<rr/^, reported to be the faireft
and richeft in all the World, a Church of admirable Mfaick, Work,
with Pillars of Marble, Porphiry, 6>c. and for the infide the Riches
of it are fo great, the Image?, Tombs, &c. fo gloriouik the Altars fo
adorned with Gold, Silver, Pearls, and Precious ttones, that all the
Treafury of the State may feem to be amalTed in the decking of itc

In this City are 200 particular Palaces, built of Marble, adorned
with Columns, Statues, Pidures, &c. of great value, of fuch gran-
deur, as th^Jt they are fit to lodge, and give entercainment to any
Prince ; 17 Rich Hofj-itals, 56 Tribunals, or Courts of Juftice, 6^ Pa-
rifh-Churches, ^6 Mouafteries of Nuns,54 Covents of Friers, 1 8 Chap-
pels, 6 Free Schools, and its Pia2za*s fumptuoully adorned with Statues,
P:iintings, &c.

As for the Religion of this State, though they tolerate that of the
G?-ffj!^ Church, they profcfs that of the Church of Rome^^ but with cau-
tion and refpe<ft to their own Authority.

Of Venice* 247

Of their Forces Tome eftimate may be made by the Arms they
brought againft Livp'ts the Xllth, where they had 2000 Men of Arms,
3000 Light Horfe, and 30000 Foot, moft of their own Sub;e<fts,
without any Detachments from their Forts or Garifons.

And a (ignal Evidence of their power at Sea, was their great Fleet
{^X. out againft the Grand Signior fur the War of Cyprus^ Anno 1570.
in which they manned out one great Gallion, 1 1 great Gallies, 25 tall
Ships, and 150 Gallies of lefler lize. To fum up all, they once held
a War for feven years together againft all the Princes of Europe^ except
England; in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money.

We may conclude therefore , That as Europe is the Head of the
World, and Italy the Face of Europe j fo Venice is the Eye of Italy ^ the
faireft, ftrongeft, and moft active part in that powerful Body.

The Annual Revenues of this Republick, according to Mr. Kays
information, was about hve Millions, and 300 and 2 cooo Venetian.
Duckets yearly.

Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of Venice^
are the pleafant Vtcenza^ or Vicentia \ the Healthy, Populous, and Fruit-
ful Bnfcia^ Brixia. The ftrong FortreiTes Crema^ fix miles of which is
the famous Cave oi Cufioza^ 4000 foot long, and 3000 broad, and
three miles in circuit, with its ftately Temple San&a Maria della Cruce^
znd Btrgamo: The pleafant Phyfick-Univeifity ?^^o»^, Tadua^ thtVa-
tavium of the A.ncients, built by Anienor ^ and is famous for the Birth
of Liz{>'5 ZahanU and Magmus^ noted for the Civility of the Men, and
Chaftity of the Women, with its Garden of Simples, tarvifium^ Tre-
vifi^ with its excellent Wheat. Verona^ with its Hill Baldus , famous
for Medicinal Herbs. The Territory of Friuli ^ where is the wellr
fortified Palma^ Feltre and BeUmo. The Territory of Iliria^ Ijirie GalL
Hyjiereich Germ, where is Tm/^, ox T'ergejlum^ Petana,. now Pedena, be-?
longing to the Emperor. Citia Nova, ot.Mmonia^ Parenzo., Parentutn^
and Pola. Kovigo once belonging to the Dukedom of Ferrara^ with.
Chipggia, the Bulwark of Fe/j/ce.

Belides all thefe, the State of Frwce commands a great part of D^/-
matia^ with the Iflands Corfu ^ Cephalonia^ Ithaca., Zant^ Cithera, and
others. The Ifle of St. ^laure., and the ftrong PrQvefa^ weie in the
Year i<585. conquered from the 7urks.

The Bilhoprick oi Trent, which belongs to its proper Bifiiop, is in
the Protcdion of the Hcufe of ^upia : Its chief City of the fame
name, is inhabited by Italians and Germans , and is famous for the
Council held there. But of this we have treated of more at large ia.
the DefcripTioii of "tird in Germany^

358

Of the Ejlates of the Church or Top.

THE Second part of Italy ^ according to our Method, contains the
Eftatesof the Churchy oi7ufcany^ and Lucca : The Territories of
the Church are the more confiderable, becaufe the Vofe^ to whom they
belong; is a Spiritual as well as a Temporal Prince, Chief and , Sove-
reign Voniif:x,^s he ftileshimfelf, of all Chri\hndom : Patriarch of ?y.cm?^
and of the IFej} \ Primate and Hcxarch of Ita!y^ Metropolitan of the Suf-
fragan-Bifhops of /Jowe, and E\(hop oi St, John Later an.

The chief City is Rome, formerly the Capital City of the mofl con-
fiderable Empire in the World ; Miftrefs of the faireft part of the Llni-
verfe ; Famous for her great men that excelled in Valour, Juliice,
and Temperance. The Seat of Kings, Confuls, and Emperors; faid to
have been 50 miles in compafs, and her Walls fortified with 75-0
Towers. But now not having the Moiety of its former priftinc Splen-
dor and Magnitude, fcarce containing 1 1 miles in circuit ; yet few
Cities can compare with her,if we confider her Antiquity,her Churches,
her Palaces, and other Curiofities. Here was the Capitol faved from
the Fury of the Gauls by the Cackling of GeeCc. It was twice burnt,
once in the Civil Wars of Marius diud Syila^ and in the Wars of Vefpa-
fian and Vitelihts. Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of
War, and fhutinthe time of Peace, which happened but three times
during all their Monarchy: i. In the time of Numa. 2. After the
Funick^Wzr. And 3. hi the Reign of Au^ujiu!, when our Saviour
was born. Nor muft I forget the Tonte MiUe., a mile out of the City,
anciently Pons Milviuf, where Conftantine was fhewed the Crofs, with
thefe words, In hoc Signo Vinces. This City is feated on the Banks of
thePtiver Tjr^fr (formerly upon ten Hills, though p.ow chiefly in the
Campus Mjrtius.) On the top of the Vatican Hill is the proud Palace of
the Popes^ large enough to entertain three Sovereign Princes at once,
and their Attendants j beautified and enriched with excerent Point-
ings and Curiofities, with the Garden Beluedere, famous for its rare
Plants, delightful Walks, and curious Statues. On this H;ll is the
Church of St. Peser, the moit fplendid and famous in alllvowei the
mod: furaptuous, ftately, and magnificent Strudure in the World •, of
that Majeftick buik and greatnefs, that it exceeds in all dimenlions the
moil: famous Temples of the Ancients; in length 520 Foot, and 385
in breadth ; adorned with Paintings, Tombs, and other choice P\e-
liques. My Bounds will not permit to fpeak of its other Churches, Ho-

fpitals,

Of the Eftates of the Church or Pope. 249

fpitals,Monaftcries, Con vents ; of its Libraries, as the Vatican^ tht Jefuits
CotledgyScc. The Palaces of the Cardinals are ftately StruQureSjand rich-
ly adorned ; to which are joined pleafant Gardens. Here are feveral
Piazza Sfdibimdmccoi Antiquities and Statues, which I (hall not name ;
but may not forget the Caltle of St. j^ngelo, which for its Itrength, is
efteemed impregnable, unlefs iiarved ; and here the Pope liveth in
more State than any Prince in Chriflendom. The chief of the other Ci-
ties and Territories belonging to the Eftates of the Church, are Bologna,
C alias ) Bomnia ; famous for its Study of the Civil Law, for the Pope's
Palace, or retiring- place 5 Pvich, Populous, and well inhabited by No-
bility and Gentry, the chief Univerfity in Italy. Ferrara, Ferrarea, with
its Iron- Mines, beautifully built, adorned with many Superb- Edifices 5
in the midft of it is a fpadous Market-place, into which do open about
twenty uniform Streets. And Comachio, with its Eels.The once fair Ha-
vmRavetiria^in the Province of Ror»andiola,vfhcn CafarJugufius kept his
Navy there ; famous for the Seat of the Emperor Honoriuf, and Succef-
forsof the Gothijh Kings ; of the Exarchs, and of its Patriarch ; now
the Haven is choaked up, and its Land covered with Water. Cervia
invironed with Fens, is famous for its great quantity of Salt , as
Fienza is for its Earthen Ware. Vrbin, Vrbinum^ feated at the bottom
of the Appenim Hills, once famous for a fumptuous Palace, and a moft
excelJent Library ^ as 2\{o^otTolydore Virgil, the Author of the Hifto-
ryof England. Kimini, Ariminum of old, the taking of which fo fright-
ed Tompiiy, that he left Kome. Other places are Fano, the Sea-Port-
Town to Vrbin. Senigaglia, the Seno-Gallia of old ; and Pefaro, both Ma-
ritime Towns. On the Banks of Metro, of old Metaums, was fought
the great Battel betwixt Afdmhal the Brother of Hannibal, and the two
Confuls, Z?w«/ and C/. Nero, where 56000 of the Garthagenians were
flain, 5400 taken Prifoners, as Livy writeth.

Ancona, in Marchia Anconitana, or Strata Marchadel Ancona, the beft
Haven of Italy towards the Jdriatick^ Sea : And here I muft not for-
get Loretto, or St. Maria Lauretane, famous for the Church of the Vir-
gin Mary, a ftately Strudiure, richly adorned with Prefents, Offerings,
and Gifts of Princes^ Nobles, &c. whofe Organs and other Mufick,
makes an harmonious SouikI to thofe that go on Pilgrimage thither,
either for Devotion, or Penance. Afcoli is the Afculum, iif ar which was
fought the fecond Battel between the Romans and Pyrrhur j it was alfo
the Seat of the War called BeUum Sociale. Macerata the Seat of the Go-
vernors of this Province ; Fintio the ftrong.

Perugia, or Perufm, is chief of the Province fo called, feated on the
Banks of tyber, in a rich and fruitful Soil : Here it was that Augu^m

K k befiegei

2^0 Of the EJiates of the Chmch or Tope.

belieged L, Antonim^ and Fulvia^ the Wife of M. jintony i and near to
this City is the Lake de Perugia^ of old Thrafemene^ of about 30 miles
in compals ^ near whofe Banks Hannibal flew Flaminius^ and 1 5000 of
his Romans. Spokto^ in the Dutchy of Vmhria^ of great Antiquity, where
are yet remaining ftately Aquaduds, the Temple of Concord^ and the
Ruins of afpacious Theatre. Here is alfo the high Orvieto^ in the Pro-
vince of Orvietin, feated on a high Rock. In Terra Sahina are Narni, Ne-
quino^ and Term. In Campania Komana^ the chief places heCidcs Rome are
Ardea^ now ruined, once the Seat of lurnus King cf the Rutuli^ the
Rival and Competitor to ^neas •, taken by Tarq. Superhus, the refuge
of the Romans, when the Gaulshzi taken Rome ; as is alfo AlbaLonga^
once the Seat of the Sylvian Kings i after the Duel between the three
Brethren of the Horatii and Curatit^ it was ruined by TuVns Hoftilius.
Iteranni of old. And the River Allia, where Brennus v/\th his Ga«// over-
came the Roman Army of 40000, and marched to Rome, and had a-
greed for 1000 pound weight of Gold to forfake the City, but before
the payment of the money, they werevanquilhed by Camillus. y^lba^the
Seat of the Sylvian Kings. Pale(irina, Pr^«e/f e, of old the refuge of Marius
againfl5y/<3,who killed 12 000 of the Citizens when he took theTown.
Ojiia built by Aacus Marcins^ feated at the mouth of tiber^ but its Ha-
ven flopped up J whofe Bifhop confecrates the Pope. Lavinia^ fo named
from L(2w/7w Daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini^ married to
Mneas, Trivoli^ libur of the Ancients.

Chief places in the Patrimony of St. Teur, are Vdi a City once of
great ftrength, wealth, and compafs. In the affaultof which, ^06 oi
the Fabii were flain in one day, only one Child left at home, who re-
ftored the Family, and was the Ancertor of Fabitts Maximus, the Pre-
ferver of Italy againft Hannibal. After a Siege of ten years, this City was
taken and deftroyed by Furius Camillas. CivitaVecchia, a Maritine Town
abounding with Allom.Here are kept the Popes two Gallies, maintain-
ed by 30000 Duckets, the yearly Tribute of 40000 Curtezans.Terriicir
«^ is the ancient Anxur near the Promontorium Circeium^ now Monte Cif'
ceVo, famous for the dwelling of the Enchantrefs Circe. Monte Fiafcone,
where is the fo much celebrated Wine near the Lake Fi?//?/??/, now Bol-
fena. Viterho is a large and well-fcituate Town, where is the Monument
of Pope John 2 1, in the Voma. Here are Sulphure- Wells, and hot
Springs.

Intermingled with the Eftate of the Church, lies the Dutchy of Ca*
^to., with the Town of RoncigHone., the Countrey of Citta di CajieUo,
Strato del Vmadi Parma , whofe chief place isCa^ehna. The Sabatia^

now

OfTufcany. 251

now il Ducato di Bracciano, the Title of the Family of the Vrfmef^ near
the Lake fo called. And laftly, the Republick of Marino, a little Town
on the top of a high Hill or Rock. The whole Territory is but one
Mountain about three miles in length, and about ten miles round, con-
taining three Villages more, and eight Corn-Mills, and two Powder-
Mills, and about 4 or 5000 Inhabitants, of fighting-men about 1500.
It hath been a Free State or Commonwealth for about a 1000 years,
as the Inhabitants boaft.

Of Tufcany^ La Tofcana.

TV SCANT comprehends the greater part of the Ancient Him-
ria, or Etruria, and is a Countrey full of fpacious Fields, and
fruitful Valleys, fwelled here and there with pleafant Mountains,abun-
dantly ftored with delicious Wines, and other Bleffingsof Nature : Its
Metropolis is Florence, Florentia, or Fiorinza la Bella, a fair and flouvi(hing
City, about fix miles in compafs ; feated in a fruitful and pkafanc
Plain i thePviver Amo divides it into two parts, which are joined to-
gether by four fair Scone- Bridges; Famous for the Stately and Magni-
ficent Vihceof the Great Vuk^, richly adorned; and for the largenefs
of the Building, the Architedure, and Ornaments of it, as alfo tor the
Gardens, Fountains, Statues, Rarities, in the Gallery, in the Clofets,
in the Armory, and in the Argenuria, equalling if not furpaffing moft
Palaces in Furope. The Cathedral, or Vomo St. MMaFlorida, is alfo one
of the chief Ornaments of it ; as alfo the New Chappel ot St. Lorenz.o,
faid to be the moft rich and m^gniHck Strudture in the World.

The fecond City is P//^, once a lich, populous, and flourifliingCity
when a Free States now poor, and much defolate , feated at the en-
trance of the River Jrno into the Sea, recovered to the Florentines by
the Valour of Sir John Himhrvood, an Englijhman, now much eclipfed
of its former Riches and Power : Memorable for its fair y^.quaduH of
about 500 Arches ; its Cathedral with Brazen folding Doors, curioufly
engraved •, and its Steeple fo built, that on all fides it feems crooked at
the top, ready to fall on the Head of the Spedlator.

Siena, an Inland City, feated in a large, pleafant, and fertile Terri-
tory i enriched with Mines of Silver, and ftore of Marble ; adorned
with beautiful Buildings; as the proud Palace, the lofty Tower of
Mangio, its Dc;w9 built of black and white Marble; partof it paved
with inlaid Marble, containing part of the Hiftory of the Bible.

K k 2 Legorn,

2 5 2 Of T life any.

Legem, or Livorna^ Tortus Liburnus of old, a fair and beautiful City,
accounted the flrongell:, and one of the principal Towns of Trade in
the Mediterranean Sea, and the Scale of the Florentine Dominions, by
whom it was purchafed of the Gmoyfes for 120000 Duckets •, now the
Pvelidence of many Merchants and Strangers. The Haven within the
Mole is but fmall, but there is good riding for Ships without. Here the
Wind is Ealtcrly in the Forenoon, and Wefterly in the Afternoon, and
after Sun-fet, no Wind fiirring. At Vifioya firft began the Quarrels of
ihcNeri and Beanchi, and of theGuelfeznd GhibeUini.

The Commonwealth of Lucca is about 80 miles in compafs, very
fertile, and fo well Inhabited, that in two or three hours time it can
have ready 30000 men in Arms. The chief City Lmcm, is a Free
Town, rich, and fplendid ; well Fortitied, and Adorned with many
fair Edifices, and Ihtely Churches, of which, that of St. Martin is the
chief : ' Tis ieated in a Plain about two miles in Circuit. It bought its
Liberty of the Emperor Kodolphns^ and hath been ever fince very zea-
lous to preferve fofair a purchafe. It was the Meeting-place of Vdm-
pey, Cdifar^ and Crajfus^ where they joined into a Confederacy. And
here the Women walk the ftreets more freely than in other Cities of
Italy, The publick Revenue is thought to be 1 00000 Crowns per
^nnum. Their Olives the beft in Italy.

Adjoining zoLucca^ are the Principality of Mahfpine ^^nd the Princi-
pality of Majfa^ containing only Majfa and Carrara j the laft is often
the Refidence of the Prince, the other is noted for its white Marble.

The Great Vttk^ in all his Dominions is Supreme and abfolute Lord,
and impofes what Taxes and Gabels he pleafes 5 every Houfe pays to
him the Tenth of its yearly Rent. No Houfe or Land fold, but at leall
one Tenth part goes to him. No Woman married, but he hath Sper
Cent, cf her Portion. And every one that goes to Law, pays 2 per Cent,
of what he fues for. Every Heifer pays a Grown. And not a Basket of
Eggs that comes to Market but pays fome Toll. Befides the Territo-
ries of Florence and Fifa^ called the old State, of which he is abfolute
Sovereign j and the Territory ofSiena^ called the New State, for which
he is Feudatory of the King of Spain: He is alfo poffeffed of a great
part of the Ifle of Elha^ which he holds of Spain j part of Graffignana,
bought of the MarquelTes of Malefpina, The Earldom of St. Fiora pur-
chafed of the S^rozzi. The Marquifate of iS^niw. And the Earidom
of Vitigliano and Sarano^ and fome other fmall places for which he is
Feudatory of the Emperor. Kadicofani in Tufcany^ and Burgo San Sc~
pulchro in Vmbria, for which he is Feudatory to the Pope»

Of Naples, 2^ J

His Citadels and Fortreffes are well Fortified, and provided with
Ammunition and Viduals, in which he keeps four or 5 coo Soldiery in
conlhnt pay. He is able to fend into the Field 40000 Foot,3ooo Horfe.
He can put to Sea twelve Gallies, two Galeaffes, and twenty Ships of
War.

Intermingled in the Territories of the Gre^t P«%,are the Principality
of Piombino^ Noted for fome Mines of Lead ; Fortified with a ftrong
Cartle, in the Hands of the Spaniards 5 as alfo fome other Ports and
Places on the Sea, w«. Te/<iWQ«, Remarkable for the great Battel fought
near unto it by the Romans and the Gauls^ where Atttlus was flain, but
theVidory vas goihy Mmilius, with the flaughter of 40000, and
1 0000 Pn.onersof the Enemies.

Eliat deUi Prefidi^ Orbitello, Partus Hercole, and Monte Argmtara^ZXCzW.
fubjedl to the Spaniards^ and ftrongly Garifoned by them.

Of Naples^ or Neaplitamm Regmm^ La-
tin ; Regno di Na^oli Incol.

THE Third part of Italy we have comprehended under the King-
dom of Naples^ of large extent, and very Fertile, abounding
with Wines and Wheat, and famous for its brave Horfes ; Here you
may fee large and beautiful Fields over-fhaded with rich Vines, thick
and delightful Woods watered with fweet Fountains, wholefome
Springs, Medicinal Waters, Baths of divers Virtues i enriched with
Mines of feveral Metals, and decked with fundry Phyfical Herbs ; Rc-
pleni(hed with fair and beautiful Cities and Towns.

The chief City is Naples, one of the faireft in Europe ; Seated on the
Mediterranean (hore, amongli pleafant Hills, and fruitful Fields ; Forti-
fied with four brave Caftles, belides a fhong Wall, Ditches, Towers,
&c. Enriched and Beautified with many fuperb Stru6tures,and magni-
ficent Churches, Monalkries, Coiledges, Palaces of Princes and No*
bles, with pleafant and delightful Gardens, a commodious and fjfe
Port and Haven, v/here are kept liore of Gallies. Here was the Piebel-
Vion under Mjjfarictlo', and in this City the Difcafe Morbus Gallicm wSiS
firft known; and nigh unto itftandsthe Hill Monte Grogo, formerly
Vefuvius i, no lefs famous now for its Grogo Wines, than of old for its
calling forth fmoke and flames of fire. Upon the very top is a great Pic
or Hollow, in form of an Amphitheatre of about a mile round. Neai
to which is the Grotta di Cane, where the venomous vapour afcends
not above a Foot from the Ground. Othes

2^4 Of Naples,

Other places of Note, are important Ca]eta^ on a Capacious Bay.
Delicious Cnpua^xh^ Pleafures whereof enervated the Vidorious Arnns
of HiunibaL Nila was witnefs of Hanmbal*s overthrow by Marcellus.
Near Cuma was the Lake Avernus, with its unwholfome and Sulphu-
reous IHnk, fo infcding the Air, that the Birds flying over, lofe their
Lives. At Puteoli, now PozzhoIo^ was the Bridgof Ships to Bai£ three
miles over, made by Caligula in a Bravado to awe Neptune^ and to ex-
ceed the like A6h of Xaxfs^nd Darius. Mifer.tim wzs one of the Stati-
ons of Augujlur^ Armada, as Kavenna was the other that awed the
whole Roman Empire, and the Bui ial- place of Mifenus the Companion
of JEneas,tefte Virg.

Bai£ famous for Antiquities, viz- the Sweating Vault, or Bagne de
Tritoli^ and Monte dc Cenere^ raifed by an Earthquake. '

And here ^zs^neas^s Defcent into Hell, Fabled by the Poets •, and
the Cave or Grot of one of the Sybills. The Grot or Hole through
Mount Panfilypus, about a mile in length, and 1 2 Foot high, and broad
enough for two Carts to pafs one another. Amalfi^ where was invent-
ed the Mariner's Compafs, Anno 13C0. by Flavio. The Phyflck School
SaUrno^ Nero's 100 Churches under Ground in the Rocks, and his
admirable Fiflipond within the Earth, within a mile of the Sea't in
the Cathedral is the Monument of Hildebrand^ox Pope Grc^^rj the yth.
and the Sei-(hore Polecaftry^ once Buxentum. The well-traded Mart -
LMciano^ iom miUs from the AdrtJtickc Theate^ uow Viti di Chieti^ky en
miles from the Sea. Sulmo^ Ot'i^'s Birth-place. The Lakes Lf/?«^ and
Varanus, memorable for Eels 5 and for that draining cannot diminifli
them, nor floods encreafe them. Locm is famous for the Law- maker
ZalfUCHS^ and for the Victory of Cuncm-js an exccllenc Mutlcian, upon
Arijhnns of K/;f^?«w, of the fame Profeilion. Gt/il'ip.?/;, aflbrding abun-
dance of Oyl. Mjfifredonia^ an Archbilhop's See, with its Capacious
Harbour, and Impregnable 'Caflle. Populous Sr. Sevmne^ the Rich-
Soiled Barri, The high, Ikcp, and full of cragged Rocks, Angela^
el. Garganus Mons., a place Uefendble by Nature, and Strong by Art.
The Important Haven-Town Btrrtflum , now Bcrletta. The poor
Village Cann£., near the Banks of Auftdus , now Lafanto, once me-
morable for the great Defeat that Hjnmbal gave to the Romans^ of
whofe Army he flew 41700 in one place.

Rich Lecca. The Choaked Haven Brindifi. The Capacious Port
OirontOy Hidrwitum oi old, taken by Mahomet the Great, Anno 1481.

The

Of Naples^ 2$5'

The once well fortified Rojfanttm^ now Rofano, Old Tarentum, where
lived Archytas^ fo famous for his Flying Dove. The Ancient Cofentia-t
now Coz^enz^a^ on feven Hills j feated between two Rivers, of which
the one turneth Hair red, and Silk white j the other Hair and Silk
black. St. Euphemie^ where Rofes grow thrice a Year. And Defulate
Khegio.

To conclude •, here are in this Kingdom Twenty Archbifhops, One
hundred twenty feven Bilhups, Thirteen Princes, Twenty feven Dukes,
Twenty four Marquelfes, and Ninety Earls.

The Fourth General part of /f^/j/, we faid, might compreliend
the Iflands of Sicily^ Sardimay Corftca^ dec.

Of Sicily.

lilliLUlu UNllllllllll mjj.iauj

bmnii iiiiiiiiii

■JJ-

F all the Iflands in the Mediterranean-Sea, Sicily is the moft
Eminent, both for its Repute and Bignefs : It was once, if
we may credit the Ancients, joined to the Continent, parted
by an Inundation of the Sicilian Sea from Italy ; now divided
by a fmall Channel a mile and half broad, between Meffina and Kegio,
called the Far , or Fhare of Meffina j once terrible from the frightful

Names

Of Sicily, 2^7

Names of Scyla. and Charyhdk : the firft a Rock, towards the North
in Italy, the other a Gulf, or Whirlpool , on Sidly-Cide, which gave
theoccaflon of the Proverb, Inctdk i« Scyllam cttpiens vit are Chziyb-
dim 5 now not fo dangerous or aflfrightful to the skilful Pilot.

It had its name from the Siatlii, a People of Italyy before that, it-
was called Sicania^ from King Skams , who came ihither before the
Tlro]an War , with a great number of Iberians. By the Gruh^^ called
Trinacria-^ by the Latin f, 7>/^«etr^, from its three Promontories. It
is placed under fo favourable an Afped of the Heavens, and fo rich a
Soil, that the Mountains themfelves, even to the tops thereof, are
found fruitful.

The People that now inhabit it, are ingenious, eloquefit, and full
of talk, prone to revenge, fubtle, envious, and Flatterers, va-
liant, and greedy of Honour, not much addided to Traffique or La-
bour.

This liland was famous for Mfchylm-^ the firft Tragedian of Fame;
Viodorui Sicrdus, the Hiflorian* Empedccles^ the tirft Inventer of Rhe-
torick 5 Euclid^ the famous Geometrician j yirchimedes^ the Mathema-
tician, who made a Sphere of that art and bignefs, that one ftanding
within, might fee the feveral motions of every Orb.

The chief Places are, i. Meftf/a, of great ftrength, as well by Na-
ture as Art; ftrongly walled, fortified with Bulwarks* a ftrongCit-
tadel , and a commodious Haven ; beautified with fair and ftately
Buildings ; the chiefeft place of Traffick in the whole Ifland j well
frequented with Gentry, Citizens and Strangers , who live in great
delight and pleafure. It lately, in a Rebellion, was un<ier the Com*
mand of the French ; but they abandoning it, 'tis now returned to the
Spanijh Government , who have four Caliles, and the City as many
in their Command. The City Gates ftand open all night, for any to
go in or out. The Government is by fix Jurors, four of the Gentry,
and two of the Citizens.

Its other places of note, are Syracufa, once the Metropolis of the
whole Ifland 5 the greateft and goodlieft City of the Greeks i of a ftrong
fcituation , and excellent profpec^ : The Ruins and Foundations of it
do ftill demonftrate its priftine Grandeur. Noto, a City which here-
tofore contended with Syraatfe for greatnefs 5 fcituate on a very high
Rock, unaccedible on ail fides but by one narrow pafTage.

The fair and capaciou? Harbour Pajfan, the never fortified Haven
JjtgHJia, The Navel of the .ifland, Cajiro Gimjanni^ with its Mines of
Salt. Leontini^ with its Lake, the Fifhing whereof is yearly worth
iSooo, fome fay 500C00 Crowns. The Midland Town E/m^, where

L I Vlmo

2$8 Of Sicily,

Pluto is faid to have ravifh'd Proferpine, TataymuSi now Palermo^ fci-
tuateon the Weft Cape of the Ifland, beautified with large Streets,
delicate Buildings, ftrong Walls, and magnificent Temples, with its
Artificial Haven, forced out by a mighty Pierre, a Work of vaft ex-
pence ; an Archbiftiop's See, anllniverfity, and Competitor for Trade
with MeJJina, The Port T'rapam, was the Vrepanum of old, affords
the beft Seamen.

The Ruined Erex, near Mntit St. Julian^ the Seat of King j4ce(ieSy
who fo kindly entertained ^mas^ and his wandring Trojans. The An-
cient Catana^ the ftrong T^j^rwiw^, Tauromedium ^ near where the Cy-
clops dwelt 5 near Milazzo was Sextus Tompeius defeated by AuguflHs,
Gerganti the Jgrigentum & Ay^eti of old, is famous for the Tyrant
Thalarls, and the brazen Bull of Perilous.

The chief Hills in this Ifle, are Mont Hyhla, famous for its Bees and
Honey , and Mount JE.tna , for its once continually fending forth
Flames of Fire ; the Flames now commonly not being fo great and
vifible as formerly ; but the extraordinary Eruptions and Conflagra-
tions, when they happen, are ftill as terrible and amazing, as ruinous
and deftrudivc to the Country.

The ^.nciQwtJEgathes^ at the Weft end o( Sicily, are famous for the
Defeat of Catullus by tht Carthaginians in the firft Funic War.

Sardinia., Sardegna Ital, Zerdegna Hifp. Strab. & Sic. Sardon Hefy,
Sandaliotvi Plat. Ichnufa Plin, once a Carthagenian Colony ; the next
Ifland to Sicily for greatnefs in the Mediterranean, where the Earth is
more benign than the Heavens j the length about 45 German miles,the
breadth about 26. Its chief Places are, Calaris Plin. CaraVis PtoU now
Cagliari^ the Seat of the Vice-Roy ; a good Haven , and well fre-
quented. Here is the Beaft called Mufoli, of whofe skin is made the
right Cordovant Leather. Here is alfo the Herb, from whence comes
the Proverb, Rifus Sardonicus.

Corfica was firft called Therapm, afterwards Cyrnus *, in length about
30 GermanmW^s^ the breadth about 20. It was firft inhabited by the
T«/«, afterwards by the Carthagenians, then by the Romans., then by
the Saracens^ and now by the Genouans. The moft confiderable Places
now, zreJdiazzer, Calui., Bonifaci ind Baflia : 0( o\d^ /^leria znd Ma-
riana were the moft noted.

The chief of the Ligurian or Tufcan Iflands, are Elba^ Ilua Plin. PtoU
Mela. Mthalia Strab. about 4© miles compafs 5 famous for its two
Ports, Porto Longone , and Porto Ferraro ; the firft belongs to the Spa-
niards, the other to the Duke of Florence -, other Iflands are, Gorgona,
Capraia^ Monte Chrijio, Giglioj dec.

The

Of Sicily] 259

The Ifles of Na^hs are 18 in number, the chief of which, are the
Impregnable lochia, Mnaria Plin, The Acylum of Ferdinand King of
Naples^ in the time of Charles the Vlllth of France. 2. Prochita. 3. Ca^
pria,thc Ketixement oi Agt^m zndtiberittf , .

Molia or Vulcania & Liparam Infulxy & Hephdfiiades Gr£cis, noV¥
the Ides of L?>^ri, are about 1 2 in number i twoofthem, viz>. Stromas,
holt and Vulcano^ do ftill burn and flame, and are famous for the Fa- ^
ble of Molut, and for the firft Naval Victory of the Ancient Ro-f
wans* - '

The Iflands in the Mriatick Sea, are Ifola de tremitiy fotmerly Dio'
mde£ InfuU^ fo called from Diomedes, King of ^tolia, who after the
7ro/<i« War fetled here.

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SClavonia^ VEfclavonia Gallis, ScUavonia Italis : Accoi-ding to the
Latin Authors , it did contain lUirkum Hodiemttm, viz. Valmatia,
Croatiat Bofnia, & Sclavonia propria : But now, as it is properly taken,
lying between the Vravus and Savnt , it is part of the Kingdom of
Hmgary^ and contains the Countries of Sermieny Vakotpar^ Tofega, Wa-

radin.

0/ Croatia, 261

radin, and Zjgrahia: A Country more fit for grazing of Cattel, than
for Tillage (for the Sheep bring forth twice a Year, and are [horn
four times:) Its chief Commodities are Horfes for fervice , Oxen,
and other wild Beafts, which yields them abundance of Hides, Tallow,
Butter, Cheefe and WooU as alfo Wine and Oyl , with fom.e Veins
of Gold and Silver. Its chief Places are, Pofega or Segoviiza., a Place
of great ftrength ; and Gradiskci^ Gradifcha^ Graciana of old , under
the Tyranny and Bondage of the Turlqfh Garifons. Zagrabria^ Sifopa^
Ftal, tejie Mol. & Agram. Waradin^ Variana a His Varafdium , nlh Laz^io
Variana Cafira in Libro NotitU^ belonging to the Houfe of Aujiria ; and
Copranitz or Caprancaa,^ a fair and iirong Place, under the Power of
the Venetian. Sirmifch Germ. Sereim Hung, Sirmium of old , Valcouvar^
Valmm Ant. VeUz^ Simkro. Virovitza, the Key and Entrance into Scla-
vonia^ Ann. 1684, capitulated, and 600 Janizaries marched out, and
left it to the Imperialifts, after 1 13 years poffeilion.

TheCaftle oiBatchin and IValpo, furrendred to Count Dmetvaldt m
Sept. 1687. EJfeck^w^s alfo deferted by the 7«rly, where were found
52 pieces of Cannon, 4 Mortarpieces, and a vait quantity of Ammu-
nition and Provifion. Pojfega^ fcituated about 4 Miles from the Save,
was alfo at the fame time abandoned, and left by the Jnrks^ and ga-
rifoned by Count Dunervaldt.

Of Croatia^ or Crabaten.

CRoaiia. By this general Name were all the more Inland parts of
Sclavonia , called. The reafon of the Name we find not ; it
was brought hither firfi by the Sclaves, It is a Country, for the mofir
part, cold and Mountainous, yet reafonably fruitful, with all necefTary
Provifions for the life of man ; were it not for the Oppreilion and
Neighbourhood of theTWri^x, to whofe Injury it is continually expofed :
Its chief Places are, i. Sijfeg^ famous for the notable Refiftance which
the Turks there found. Anno I'yg^. 2. Wihitz, once the Metropolis
of the Countrey ; ftrongly fortitied by Nature and Art, but taken by
the Jm\s^ Anno 15^2. But the chief Place in Croatia belonging to
the Emperor, is now Careljht , the Refidence of the Governour Off
Vice-Roy, Count Herberjiein^ Anno 1685.

This Country contained anciently the more Inland part of Ly-
hnrnia.

262 Of Bofma, Dalmatian &c.

Of Bofnia.

BOfnia Italis, Bofnia Gallh^ Bofftn Germ, was anciently accounted a
part oiCroatu •, by Ptol. part of Itlyrimm *, by Cluver part of Pano'
Ilia. To me it feems to contain the more Inland part of xhtValmatia
of Tlin, and Ftol. and together with it, it was united to Hungary^ un-
der the Homage whereof it was ereded into a Kingdom, but of a ftiort
continuance j for, in the Year i\6^. Mahomet the Great furptifed
and took it, and converted it to a Province of the Turkifh Empire.
The Places of moft importance therein , zrc Jaicza or Jazyge, for its
Scituation on a Rocky Precipice, an unfordable River P/ew^, and an
inacceffible Caftle, accounted Irnpregnable. 2. Bofna Serajum^ Bofna
Serai^ the Metropolis and chief of the Country. 3. Banialucum & Vam-
meltichai (oxmcily Banjalucb, the Refidence of the Bo/wm« Kings. Na-
med thus from the River Bofna^ or from the River Beft^ a People of the
Lower M<e/7a, expulfed thence by the Bulgariaas^ and fleeing hither.
'Tis now a Turkifh Province commanded by a Bajfa^ and contains the
Dutchy of St. Sabba, now Hertzegovinay tefie Lucio,

Of Dalmatian lUiricum Polib. lUiris Vtol.
lUiria StepL

TH I S Province was by the Ancients divided into Liburnia on the
Weft, and Valmaiia on the Eaft, now Vulgo Schiovonia^ tefie Baud.
It lies along on the Sea-Coaft of the Adriatick^Sea, and is now pofTef-
fed by the Venetians-zud^ the T«r^/ ^ the chief places polTelTed by the
Vemtians.^ are Spalato, Spalatum olim Epetium, now Zarnovia, or Zarnou-
nizay telle Lucio., a Maritime Town, and the Emporium of the Venetians ;
fcated in a moft pleafant Valley in a Peninfula., joined to the tirm Land
o^Dalmatia, by an Ijihmus of about a mile over, and is guarded by a pro-
digious Precipice of Mountains to the firm Land, through which it hath
only one PalTage, which is defended by a Fort, built upon a Rock, juft
in the Entrance, with an open Port, but unfecure Bay tor great Ships.
Clijfa^ fuppofed to be the Andretium of Strabo^ znd A nderium oi Ptol,
is a ftrong Fort more by Nature than Art, Scituattd upon a Rock,
which ftands juft in the middle of the PafTage between the Mountains,
which is fo narrow, that not a Man or Horfe can pafs by without the

Licenfe

of Dalmatian &c. 2^5

Licenfe of their Caftle. It is now in the poffeflion of the Venetians^ ta-
ken from the Tur\t^ 1 647. under the Condud of the Signior Fofcoh ;
it is about 8 miles North of Spalato^ and 4 from Salona.

In 1^47. Obraoz,zaj Carino^ OrtiJJina, Velino, Nadino ^ Vrana^ "tim
and Salona^ were fubdued to the Vimtian Arms by the profperous Suc-
celsof Fofcolo. And Sebenico belieged by Mahomet Techli^ who was forced
to raife the Siege with the lofs and flaughter of many of his Soldiers.
Zegna^ the Senia of the Ancients.

Zam, the Jadera of Ftolomy •, ftrongly fortified, and well Manned ;
of a commodious Scituation, almoft encompalTed with the Sea, only
the Eaft-end joined to the firm Land i now very llrong, being fecured
by divers Redoubts, and 4 Royal Baftions , and a new Line of Forti-
fications, which makes it the moft conliderable and ftrongeft Place in
all Dalmatia.

Sebenico is a ftrong Fortrefs, feated on a rifing Hill, whofe fpacious
Port is fecured by the Fort of St. Mco/^, and the Hills, byaCittadel,
and the new Works of St. John. Salona^ a Roman Colony , and the
ordinary Arfenal for their Navies j well known in Ancient Stories
for the Retreat of Bioclefian, and the Garden of his Retirement, after
he had renounced the Empire.

TraUj 7raguriumoi Strabo and Plin, is fcituated between the firm
Land, and a little Ifland Bna joined to the Land by a Stone-bridge^
and to the Ifland by a Wooden-bridge ; it is about 18 or 20 miles
Weft from Spalato.

LeJJina is the Ifle which Ptol. calls Pharia^ Strabo Tharor, very high.
Rocky and Mountainous, reckoned about 100 miles in compafe, at
the South- end is a good Haven, where is the Town, having a Cittadel
on the-top of a fteep Rock. The place is noted for the Fitog-Trade
of Sadelli^ which are like Jnchovies-, 100 miles from Zara^ 30 miles
South from Spalato^ and 30 miles North from LiJJe.

^Imijfa, the Pegmtimn of Ptolomy , or Pigantia ; feated on a Iiigh
Rock, and defended with aftrong Cafile, now belonging to the lurk^^
te(ie Baud.

Cafile Novo^ a ftrong Fortrefs within the Gulf of Catara^ taken by the
Venetian, under theCondudrof General Conaro 1687. Cataro, Afcrivium
Plin. Afcrivion Ptol. a ftrong Hold alfo of the Vefietiansz^ilnH the Turk/.
But Mr. Wheeler faith, 'tis the HrftTown belonging to the turki^

Budua, the Butua of Ptol. is the laft place of the Venetians on the Val-
matian Shores. Places more belonging to the Turkj^ are Narenza, Vul-
cigno, or Vlcinium of old , a City of indifferent good Trade , where
the Frank/ have a Conful j containing about 7 or 8oco Inhabitants.

Scudari-,

264 ^f Ragtifa.

Scudari^ the ScoJra of Old •, ftrongly Seated on a fteep Rock, Memo-
rable for the years ftout Refinance which it made ^igsi'md Mahcmet the
Second 5 but taken yinno 1578. by the Turks. And Ahfio, the LiJJusof
Old } the farther Town of all Dalmatia, vfhtxc Scanderheg was buried.

Of the Commonwealth of Ragufa.

'HIS is a fnnall Comnnonweath, whofe Town and Territories
are in P^Mwt/.t, upon the Gulf of Venice^ and which pays Annu-
ally to the 7«r^5oooo Lhres^ as being environed by the Territories
under his Jurifdi<Sfion, and not able to fubfift without the Grand Sig-
niors leave. It makes fome Acknowledgment alfo to the Venetians^ as
Maders of the Gulf. It keeps good Correfpondence alfo with the Prin-
ces oi Italy ; and endeavours to preferve themfelves under the Prote-
ction of the King of Spain ^ to whom it pays Tribute in the Perfonof
the Viceroy of Sicily. The Gentlemen mull marry Ladies, if they de-
iire to be accounted Nobles of Ka^ufa. Contrary to the Cuftom of
other Nations, they count the Age of men from the Conception, and
not from the day of their Birth. The Revenue of the Fvepublick is
about 30C000 Livres. The Inhabitants addid: themfelves altogether to
Trade. In the year i66j. a great misfortune befel the City, it being
almoft all fwallowed up by an Earthquake. Their Principal Port is
that of the Holy Crofs, Santa Cruce., about nine miles from the City.
The chief Governor is called theRc(Sor; but his Government lafts
but one Month. The Citizens change every day the Governour of their
Caftle ; Neither do they let him enter into his Ccrtimard but in the
Night, and then they blind his Eyes. ThcJurkj have a kindnefs for
the R^gKf/^«/, becaufethey pay their Tribute exactly, and becaufe they
have, by their means, all the Commodities oiEttrope., which they Hand
in need of. They give them thofe Privileges which they grant to no
other Chriftian •, for they permit them to buy Provifions in their Domi-
nions : For the Countrey about Ragufa is (b barren, full of Rocks and
Stones, that if it brings forth any thing, 'tis by means of the Earth
which they fetch from other parts. The Town is well built, and For-
tihed with Walls, and a Caftle ; a Noted Empory, and of a good
Trade -, the Epidaums of Old.

I. Sabioneera^ is a Town Seated on a long flip of Land, Coppofite to
Curzola ) b-ionging to the Republick of Ragufa, where are many de-
lightful and fruitful Gardens.

2. Santa

Of Ragufa, 2^5

2. Santa Crocey the Entrance good, the Port large, deep, and fecure>
being every way Land-locked by Mountains round it, covered with
Vineyards, Gardens, and Houfes of Pleafure of the Kagftfuns*

3. Budm^ the Bulua of ?tol. is the laft place of the Venetians on the
Dalmatian fhores.

4. The Gulph of Lodrin was anciently the Gulph of Jpolonia, where
Csfar narrowly efcaped with his Life and Fleet. 'Tis a dangerous paf-
fage, about 1 50 miles over.

Curzola by Strabo^ Corcyra Nigro, once belonging to the Republique
of Ragttfayhwt taken from them by the Venetians by a cunning Exchange,
The Town is of the fame Name, and feated upon a Peninfula, is a Bi-
fhop*s Seat and Walled j befides which there is about five Villages.

Along theCoaftof Valmatia lies a great clufter of lilands, Vehroni'
chaTurcisy Liburnides InfuU by Strah, the Names of the chief you will
find in the Maps, moft of them belonging to the Venetians ^ which are
faid to contain 40000 Inhabitants.

M m Of

766

0/ S E R V I A.

■ —K — " ^^

SEKVA, otZervia, as fome call it, contains part of M?^^ Superior,
and part of Valmatia of old, it had once Kings of its own, now ex-
tind. It was once under the Hmgarian Kings ; now wholly poffefTed
by the rmk^. It is now divided into Maritine and Midland Servia, tefie
Joan.Luao. Servia Maritima olim Chulmia, now Herzegovina, extendeth
towards Dalmatia and Albania, Strvia Mediterranea is divided into two
parts, viz. Kafcia and Bofna. It is a fruitful and pleafant Countrey •
confiftingof Plains, Woods, and Hills, not without llout Men, good'
Horfes, Wines and convenient Pvivers. Once well ftored with Mines
of Gold and Silver, but thcfe now decayed, or loft 5 and the People
grofs and rude^addiaed to Wine.and falfe in their Promifes. Its

of Servia. 267

Its chief places are, Belgrade ^ once the Bulwark of Chriftendom,
bravely refifting the Power of Amurath the Second, and Mahomet the
Great 5 repulfed by the Valour of Hmniades ; at which time Mahomet
himfelf was wounded in the Breaft, loft his Ordnance, and 200 of his
Ships, deftroyed by a Fleet which came from Buda ; but taken by So-
lyman 1520. Seated (he is upon the confluence of the Vanuhe and the
Savtis^ having the great Rivers lihifcuf^ the Vravus^ and Morava run-
ning into the Danube not far from it 5 as brave a fcituation for Trade,
as any Inland place in Europe. It is now adorned with two large Bezc'
fieenf^ or places where the Richeft Commodities are Sold ; with a No-
ble Caravanfara and Mofchea^ with a Metrefec\oi CoUedge for Students,

Zendeririy Singdunum AnU Semendera Lat. Simedro Gr£e. taken by A-
murath the Second, 1438,

Soph.Scupi Ptol.hy the Turks called Vrchupia\ a City of great Trade,
Seated in the remoteft part of Servia^ or Mxfta Superior^ or rather on
the Confines of Macedonia. It Is a fair and large Town, having a great
Number of Mofcheai^ once a Bi(hop*s, af tpr an Archbifhop's See 5 now
noted for a great many Tanners^ that make excellent Leather.

Great Anions have been hereabouts performed in the times of the
"Romans^ efpecially by RegiJlianus* Hereabouts alfo ftood Parxcopoljs, znd
Vlpianumof old.

Jagodua is pleafantly feated in a fair Countrey, halfway from Viennor
to Conftantinople.

Halli Jahifar is a confiderable place, where there is a Church with
two fair Towers.

Lefcoa, or Lefcovia, feated upon the remarkable River Lyperitza^ the
Mdianederoi Mcejta,

The Hills between Serviaznd Macedonia., are a part of Mount Hamas.,
of which the M, Clijfura, one of the Spurs or Excurfions, (bines like
Silver, confifting of Mufcovia Glafs.

Vrania is a ftrong Pafs, which the Caftle commandeth, and locks up
the paflage into Macedonia.

The chief Rivers of Servia are, i. Morava^ Mofchius of old j is divi-
ded into two Streams, the one named Moravi di Bulgaria^ the other
Moravi di Servia, which uniting, run into the Danube at Zenderin 5 fo
that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria are carried
into the Danube, and fo difperfed in Hmgaria, Au^ria, &c. Not far
from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Hunniades, who
with 1 0000 Horfe fet upon the Turkjfh Camp by Moon-light, flew
300oo,and took 4000 Prifoners. And 2. Remarkable Lyperitza^ which
Dr. Brown faith, that in lefs than twelve hours they pafTed it po times.-

M m 2 0£

Of Bulgaria.

BULGARIA is a Countrcy generally full of Woods and Delarts,
themoft unpleafant and unpeopled of all the Vacian Provinces;
but the lower parts not withoDt fome Plains and Valleys.

The Inhabitants of a Natural liercenefs, yet patient of Toy! and
Labour.

Its chief places are, Soj>hia Vrocop Sofa Itallf, Sophie GaWis^ the lihifca
oi Ptol.tefie Nig, & Mol. the Seat of a Beglerbeg^ under whom are 21
Sangiacf ; feated in a long and fruitful Valley three miles diftant from
a high Mountain, covered with Snow all the year. It is Beautified with
many fair Hanes and Baths ^ a fta&ely Colled ge, and fair Mofques.

Axiopolh^ Galacz tefie Laz. FloiZ' Marc. & Colanamik^. Baud, on the
Banks of the Danaw^ which from this Town begins to take the Name
of Ijhr, Mefembriaj fcituate on the Euxine. MercianopolU^ much menti-
oned in the ftories of th^Goths^ for the Fights and Battels they had
there with the Emperor Claudius . Nicopolis, by the Turk^s Sciltaro tefte
Leunc. & Nigeboli^ memorable for the Founder of it, the Emperor Tra-
jan ^ more for the many great Battels fought near unto it, whereof
one was by Sigifmund the Emperor, and King of Hungary^ who with
an Army of 130000 Chriftians befieged it, and Ba]azetQzmt to the
'Relief of it, got the Victory, with the lofs of above fixty thoufand
1urk,s^ killed 20000 Chriftians, and moft of the reft took Prifoners.The
Second between Michael^ Vaivod of Valachia, and Mahomet the Third,
over whom Michael got a Remarkable Vidtory. Varnay the Vionyfwpolis
of the Ancients, on the Euxine Sea; Remarkable for the firft flight of
Hunniades, and the Death of Uladijlaus King of iiawgary, 1444. Siliftria,
the Ordinary Abode of a Turkjfh Bajfa, "Ternova, the ufual Refidenceof
the Princes o(Bulgaria. Budina^ once of great Importance, but burnt to
ihe Ground by Hunniades^ not far from the Old City Oefcus TribaVorum,
^criduf^ the Birth place of Jufiinian; by the Turks called Giufiandih
ToKii,. or Tomos, to which Ovid was Banilhed ; fome fay 'tis at this day
called Tomifvpar ; others would have it to be Kiovia. Dinogetia Ptol. Vi-
mgutia & Viniguttia ^nt. Denigu ex Tab. recens^ Drimago Nigra, Callatia,
■CaHacis Ant. Calatis Strab. & Plin. Kilia Laz,. vulgo- Bialogrod. Calliacra,
Laonico Fandalla Nig. Ijhopolis Plin. & Ptol, Ijiros Strab, I(iria Arriano.
Stravico Cajial. Grojfea Nig. & Projiaviza Baud, much fubjcdt to the ir-
ruptions of the Dobrufiaa Tartars,

Of Greece.

2d9

nffln -niJ urn 'mf jiy TT-Tdh-nT-mir-kar
*^ ./'■' 3* . -U

GK^'ECI., once the moft celebrated part of the World, in the
prefent Latitude and Extent thereof, hath for its Eaftern Bouni
the ^gean Sea, the Hellefpont, Fropontif, and the Thracian Bofphorm :
For its Southern, the Cretian and the Ionian Sea ; on the Weft, the
Adriatiek Sea ; and on the North, only United to the r«ft of E«r«/>e by
the Mountain Hxmus,

Confined

j7^ Of Greece,

Confined at firft to Attica^ and tlie parts adjoining, only then cal-
led HiUas^ from King HiUen^ the Son of Veucdion ; the Inhabitants
Hillenes in Sacred Writ j and Greece^ (torn King Gr£CHs, the Son of Ce-
cropii the firft King of Athens^ communicated afterwards fo 7'^f//^^/|(, to
Teloponnefus, then to Epiruj^ and laftly to the Macedonian Empire.

The hrft Inhabitants of Greece did live each under their proper Ma-
giftrates in feveral Cities, until Fhilip King of Macedonia^ clearing his
own Countrey of the Iberians ^ fubducd Jcbaia, Thracia, and a great
part of Peloponnefus, And fucceeded by Alexander his Son^ who retained
his Father's Conquefts, and vanquiQiing Darius the great, King of Per-
fia^ and other Kings of India, founded the Grecian Monarchy, but in
the height of his SuccelTcs died, being Poyfoned at Babylon. Afterwards
the Romans became Matters of it j and after that the Goths and Huns
did rathet Harrafs than Inhabit it. Laftly,the Saracens, now the TurJ^Sy
and the Vi^orious Venetian, (hare it under their Obedience.

Hence it is that Greece hath loft its former Divifion of Countries, and
their Names, and received new i that which was particularly called
Greece, is now czlhd Livadia-, Pelopennefus , Morea-, Thejfaly, Janna i
rEpints, Canina j Macedonia \s divided into four parts ; that next Jama
is called Cammolitari, that which borders upon Valmatia is called ^Iba-
•nia ; that next to Thrace^is named Jamboly; and the midft of the Coun-
trey retains its old Name Macedonia. Laiily, Thracia is now called
Romania.

The Grecians, once a Nation in matters of Government Famous,
in Arms Glorious, in Arts Admirable 5 addi(9:ed to the love of Ver-
tue. Civil of Behaviour, affed^ers of Liberty, and every way Noble 5
only in their Commonwealth Principles and Civil DifTentions un-
happy. But now under the !r«rj^y& Yoak, their Spirits are low, their
Knowledge is Ignorance, their Liberty contented Slavery i their Ver-
tues Vices, their Induftry Idlenefs; They are generally of good Pro-
portion, and of a fwarthy Complexion : Their Women very well fa-
voured, brown, and exceffive Amorous ; In Habit and Garb both
Sexes generally follow thofe under whom they live.

Their Primitive Language needs no Commendation, being well
known for its lofty found, Elegancy, and fignificant Expreffions, ge-
nuine Suavity, and happy Compofition of words •, Excellent for Phi-
lofophy and the Liberal Arts, but more excellent for that fo great a
part of the Oracles of our Salvation is delivered therein •, but now
iiot only the Natural Elegance is loft, but the Language almoft de-
voured by the Lingua Franca, 'tttrkHh, and Sclavonian Tongues.

The

Of Greece. ±ji

The Chriftian Religion was here firft Planted by St. Vaul, who went
into Macedonia, pafltag thence to Hhejfalonica, from thence to Athensy
and thence to Corinth^ watering the greateft part of Greece with the
Dew of Heaven : But now confidering the Tyranny of the Turh^ on the
one fide, and the Temptations of Preferment on the other , *tis almoft a
wonder there ihould be any Chriftianity left amongft them i yet the
Gates of Hell cannot prevail againft this afflidted Church ; for its mem-
bers are endued with a Divine Humility,Patience,and Conftancy i their
Priefts are reverenced, the Articles of Faith and Rules of a Holy Life
preferved ; their Fafts and Feafts obferved ; the power of the Keys
Exercifed, and the Judicature of the Church preferred before that of
the Vivan. As to the material Points of their Religion, I (hall refer to
the Defcription of my Scripture-Maps,

, This Countrey hath formerly been Famous for MiUiades, Ariiiidef^
and Tbemijiocles o£ Athens-, Lyfander 3.nd Agefilaus o( Sparta 5 Felopidas
and Epaminondas of 7hehes > Aratas and Philoparmeus of Achaia ; Pyrrhus
oiEpirus, Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great,brave Commanders.For
Plato, Socrates, AriJiotle,DMnQ Philofophers : For Vemo^henes, Ifocrates,
Mfchines, Eloquent Orators. Hefwdy Homer, 8cc. Excellent Poets. Solon
and LycHrgus, Eminent Law- givers. Xenopbon, thuciades, Plutarch, He-
rodotus, Famous Hiftoriographers ; with feveral other Authors and
Promoters of Arts and Sciences, tootedioms to relate. But to proceed
to the Provinces.

The Inhabitants of Greece were of old divided into three forts, viz.
the lones, the more famous whereof were the Athenians, The Veres, the
moft renowned of whom were the Lacedemonians j and the ^(?/e/,who
fent Colonies into Afia, near to Phocaa. By the ancient Writers called
Achei, Achiai, Argivi, Vanai, Volopes, Vores, Vryopes, Hellenes, lonts, Myr'
mdoneSf and Pelafgi,

The Province of Romania, or Romelia, is the Ancient Thrace, by Ste-
phanus\Aria -, by forae Scythia-, by Jofephus, Thyras, from Thyras the
Son oijaphit \ by the turk.s now called Romeli : A Countrey neither of
a Rich Soil, norpleafant Air, yet well Inhabited. But the chief Glory
of this Province, and of all the Ottoman Empire, is the Renowned
City Con^antinople, formerly called Lygus, Byzantium, and Nova Roma,
now by the Greeks Ifiampoli, and by the Turks Stambol ; feated in the
Latitude of 4oDegr, 56. In (hape Triangular, commanding the Pro-
pontis, Bofphorits, and Enxine Seasj Seated on a Haven fo deep and Ca-
pacious, that the Tur^s, for its Excellency, call it the Port of the world.
At this day the chief Buildings are the Turks Seraglio, and the Temple
or Mofque of St. Sophia, for Beauty and Workmanftiip exceeding ad-
mirable to behold. The

272 Of Greece.

The Seraglio is a vaft place, inclofed and divided from the reft of the
City with a Wall three miles in compafs, wherein are ftately Groves
of Cyprefles, intermixed with delightful Gardens, Artificial Fountains,
and all varieties of Pieafures which Luxury can eifed, or Treafure pro-
cure. The principal Beauty of the City is the Scituation of it on the
Mountains 5 Crowned with Magnificent Mofques with gilded Spires,
refleding the Sun- beams with a marvellous fplendor.

Other Cities of this Province are Andrianopolis^ or Hadrianopolis TtoL
formerly Orefia Lampridio. Vfcudava^ feu Vfcadama Ammiano^ AndtrnopO'
lis-i & Turcis Endren, tefie Busk a fair, large, and well-compofed City,
with fair and ftately Mofques, efpecially one built by Sultan Solyman the
Second, a very Magnifident Strudfcurc.

Galiopolij formerly Calliopolis , feated near the Hellefpont within the
Sea of Marmora, the firft City that ever the Turk/ poffeired in Europe^
furprized by Solyman, Anno 1358.

Below Galipoli is the ftraiteft paftageof the Hellefpont^ formerly fa-
mous for Xerxes^s Bridge, but efpecially for the two Caftles, Sejios and
Abidos^ noted for the Story of Hero and Leander^ now called the Dar^
damllei, or Old Caftles , the New Caftles being at the mouth of the
Hellefpont, and are the Bulwark of Conjiantinople, as the Caftles on the
T^jracian Bofpfycrus are on the other fide. Galata or Pera, is oppofite to
Conftantinople^ where live all the Foreign Ambafl&dors, Refidents and
Envoys. Belgrade is 1 2 or 1 5 miles Northwards, where are the Sum-
mer-Houfes of the Nobility, and the coftly Aquaduds that fupply Con-
fiantinople.

St. Stepbanoes is inhabited moft by Chriftians. At Great Schecmafhe
are the Seraglio's of the Nobility. Selimhria hath Mofques, a Bazar
and Grrei;^ Churches. Heraclea Leunc^ Heraclia Soph. Perinthus Plin. &
Vtol, its Harbour makes it a Peninfula of four miles in compafs ; now
an Archbifhop*s See, and its Church the beft in Turh^e : Noted alfo of
old for the Palaces oiVefpatian, Vomitian and Antomnut^ Emperors of
Kome 5 as alfo for its Amphitheatre cut out of one entire Marble.

Rodefie^, Redd'^um Plin. Bifanthe Ptel. Rodojio Sophi^ 30 miles from
Heraclia^ feated oft the fide of an Hill, at the bottom of a Bay, peopled
with about 15000 Inhabitants, Chriftians, Turk/ and Jervs ^ much
frequented, but of little Trade.

Myrkphyion by the Greekf^ Murjion by the Tur)^-, it hath about 200
Houles, about five miles from Rodefh.

^dera^ now Afperofa. was the birth-place of Laughing Democritus,

Mnos^ now Enio & Eno Grec. Xgms Turcisy a Town of great ftrength
and fafety, therefore an honourable Prifon. Lifimachia, once of great

Impor-

Of Greece, 273

Importance, now Heximily^ Taid to be built out of the Ruins of TMi"
poli^ from Philip the Father of Alexander.

Cardia, Cardiopolis Ptol, was the Birth-place of Eumenef, a Currier's
Son, but a famous Warrier, g«<e Steph. & Pauf, eadem Lyfimachi£ &
Hexamilio, Caridia^ iefte Soph,

The Province or Kingdom of Macedonia, was fo called from King
Macedoy Son of Ofiris. Others fay it had its name from a Son of Ju-
piter and Thy£ ; or as Solinus fays, from Macedo, a Son or Grandchild
of Vucalion, called alfo JEmathia Vlin. & Peonia, JEmonia Livio, For-
n^erly it contained feveral Provinces, (the Names whereof are in my
Sheet-Map of Greece ) and 'tis faid was inhabited by i fo feveral Na-
tions. By the Ancients it was divided into four Principal parts, viz,.
Prima, Secmda, Tenia, ^arta. That towards the Weft, or the
Fourth part, is now called Albania, That part toward the N. E. firft
and fecond part is called Jamholi. That in the middle retains the
Name of Macedonia Propria. That towards the South is called Comeno-
litari, containing part of Macedonia Tenia, and fome part of Ihejfalia.

The chief Towns of jilbania, or Tars Occidentalis Macedonidi, are,

1. Vyrrachium ^'£f. Cic. Ptol. &c. & Epidamnm Thucyd. Plin, &c.
Vurazzo & Vrazzi Turcis, once memorable for the Valour of Sc£voy
who alone fo longrefifted Pompey'shtmy, that he had 220 Darts flick-
ing in his Shield, yet was C£far foiled. It was taken by Bajazet from
the Venetians, Anno 14pp.

2. Inacceffible and Impregnable Crow, thought by fome to be the
Epicaria of Ptol. George Cajiriot , or Scanderheg , took it by a wile 5 but
Amurath the Fourth loft his Life before it. The Antigonia of Ptol, tefle
Soph. & Lazzio.

3. Anion of Plin. & Ptol. now Valona, fcituate over-againft Otranta
in Italy, and about <5o miles diftant, 30 miles from Valona, Land-
wards rifeth a Fountain of Pitch mentioned by the Ancients , with
which mixing Tar, they Careen Ships. Deferted and demolifhed by
the Venetians, l6pi,

■ 4. Apnlonia Liv. & Ptol, PoUina, Piergo, & Sojfopoli, tefie Baud. Ceres
Nigro, a Town of great note in the times of the Romans, and the Key
of Greece, memorable for the Study of Attgujius C£far.

5. Sfeliigrade, or Vefiigrade, the Spetia of Laonic. Turcis Sucrige tefle
Leund. Oxypyrgium Greets , tejie Soph, one of the laft Towns taken by
Scanderheg, as Vibra was the firft.

The Rock or Ifland Saffino, fix miles from Valona, boundeth the
Gulf of Lodrino ; Vrilo, Strab. Ptol. & Plin. Vrinax Nigro, Vrino aids. Le
Golphe de Vrin GalJis, Golpho Velio Vrino Italis, Not far from this Ifland

Nn N.E.

N. E. are the Falls of Tifcaria, the Ftfli they pickle,- the Rows they
fait and dry in the Sun, and fo make Botago.

Other places are .Albanopoliy 40 miles from Durazzo, and 3 5 from
Akflio\\\T>almatia. Eladafagni the Vaulia of Ptol. tefle MoL Locrida-,
Lychnidus Liv. Diod. & Ptol. Lychnidion Volyb. Lychnittus Herod. & Steph,
A Lake and Archbiftioprick of Macedonia^ Jujiiniana Pritna^ then Achry-
duf, VOchrida^ Tunis Giujiandil,

Chief Towns in Jamholi were, i. Stagira Plin. Steph. Viod. Stantira
Ptol. the Country of ^ri/?(?*/e, tefle Laertio, now Liba Nova, tefle Soph, or
Macra tefle Nic£ta.

2. Pallene Plin. Phlegra Herod. Patakne Ptol. Patalents Mol. Caniflro
Soph, larcho, or tarfo Nardo. Sacred to the Mufes.

3. Amphipolis Herod. Thucyd, &c, NeapoUs jint.ChriflopoliSoph, Em-
boli T'urcif,

4. Cavatla, Otfma 'thucyd. & Ptol, the Cabyla Ptol. Cavyla Cedreno
iejie LeoncL & Bucephala tefle Brietio.

5. Contejfa, which gives its name to the Gulf, Golfo di Contefa Ca^
ftaldo. Golfo di Monte Santo, Soph, the Strymonicns Sinus of Ptol.

6. The(falonica, now Salonichi Soph, to whofe Inhabitants St. Paul
writ his Epiftles i very populous of Chriftians, Turks ^'""^ J^^^^ a"<l
of great Commerce, feated at the bottom of the Gulph Salonichi. The
Sinus Tberm£us, or rather Thermaicus of Strab. & Ptol. diftant from
Conflantinople about 320 miles, and from Durazzo about 230 miles.

7. Siderocapfa the Chryfttes of Liv. tefie Bello, & Scydra Ptol. famous
for its Mines of Gold and Silver, fo advantageous to the Turk^zs the
report exceeds belief.

8. Mount Athos of Liv, & Strab. Acroathon, or Acrothon Plin, &
Mela. Aerothoon Herod, Athos Acron. a Gr£cis dytav oe^i , now Cima di
Monte San&o. San^. Lame, & Agios Laura, Monaflir a Turcis & Seidi'
dag tefle Leun^, Inhabited from the beginning of Chriftianity with
Hermits, afterwards with Monks according to the Order of St. Bafil,
Itftands in a Peninfula very fruitful, being 160 miles about, where
they have ao Monafteries, and about 600 Kaloiis, They pay 1000
Dollars a month, and have fafe protedion. The Town Kareis is in
the middle of the Mount, where there is a Turkifh Aga, and a Market.
Their Oiurches and Furniture are exceeding rich , and all are daily
employed according to their feveral degrees and qualifications.

Torone of Plin, & Mel, a Toronefilia Neptmi tefle Steph, Lango Soph. Ca-
flle, Rampo Nardo & Pineta, Kainero vel Keinero Nigra, Agiomana, or Aio-
mana Cafleldo 5 from hence Toronaicus Sinus, now Golfo di Agiomana^ or
Aiomfina Cafl, Golfo di Rampo vel Rampa Nardo.

Towns

Of Greece, 2^-

Towiis in M^ce^owi^ properly fo called, and in Comenolitari, are)
I. TeUa of Strab, Vlin. Vtol. &c. Jeniz^a, or Janizza Soph. Zuehria Ni-
gro\ the Birth-place of Alexander.

2. Piidnaoi Ptal,Siepk8cc. Chitro Soph* tzken by Cajfander, the Son
of Antipater^ who murthered Olympias the Mother, Roxana the Wife,
and Hercules the Heir apparent to Alexander the Great.

3. Berr/^if, or Berr£a of Plin. Strab. Ptol.8cc. Veria Soph. Boor Turcii
tefie LemS. where "St. Paul and Silas preached,

4. Adeffa PtoL Edejfa Liv, &..Polyb. & JEg£a aliis. Vodena Mol. Soph*
& aliif.

- 5. Andarijiuf Ptol. Vojianza telie 7heveto aliis Eriffo.

6. Tyrijfa Ptol. Cerefei Mercator Vinorigriza & Xerolibado aliis.

7. St obi of Plin. Liv. & Ptol, in Pelagonia regione, Starachino Nardo.

8. Antigonia in Mygdonia reg. Coiogna Pineto, aliis Antigoca.

Of Thefalia.

TH E Province of fhejfaly was called JEmonia & Pyrrhaa ; by
Strabo. E^iaotis, by Plin, Dryopis, by Viod. Argos Pelafgi^ufn^ by
Homer. Comenolitari Caji. T'humenefiria Geufr£o Lamina Lazio. But the
greateft part is now called lanna tefie Brietio. It is a Country no lefe
fruitful than pleafant, famous for the Hill Olympus^ vifible at a great
diftance, confifting not of one rifing Peak, but extending a great way*
in length from Eaft to Weft, remarkable for the Exploits of Paulus
JEmilius , of Appius^ Claudius^ and of the Conful Martius^ of which,
fee Sir Walter RaTpleigh, lib. i . cap. 7. For the Mountains of Pelion and
Offa. For the Hill Othrys, the Hill Oeta^ where Hercules is faid to have
burned himfelf with a poifoned Shirt. For the pleafant Valley of
7empej called the Garden of the Mufes. For the Pharfalian Fields,
where the Empire of the Roman Univerfe was difputed in two great
Battels ; the one between Cafar and Pompey^ the other between Brutuf
and Cajfms on the one fide, and Anthony aiid Augujius on the other.
Here lived the Mirmadons, over whom Achilles was Captain at the War
of Troy. The chief places are, Larijfa^ Larizzo Soph. Tennee Sherr^ lut'
cis^ an Archbiflioprick, inhabited by Chriflians^ Turks and Jetvs ; plea-
fantly feated upon a rifing ground, on the upper part whereof ftands^
the Palace of the Grand Signior, reputed alfo for the Town where Achil-
les was born. 2. Ternovo^ a large and pleafant City, about ten miles
Weftwards of Larijfa , where moft of the Inhabitans are Chriftians,
there being 18 Churches, and but three Mofques. 3. Vimiiriadaj Ve-

N n 2 metrias

2j6 ^f Greece,

wietriiK of old ; by Plin* the fame with Pegafa^oi great ftrength by Art
and Nature. 4. Tegafa, now Volo^ in which the Ship called /4rgo was
faid to be builf. Armiro^ Argos Velafgicum aU Larijfa^ the Seat of a
Turkifh Sangiac. Vomichi^ the Lamia of Tolyb. Cic. Ptol. &c. H>miU
TtoL Homolium Plin. Omok Strabo, Homolus Steph. Hmolium Liv. a City
and M. in Thejfaly^ vide Virgil, lib. 7. JEneidof, now Lamina tcfh Mol.
Laftly, Janna^ which gives name to the Country, an Archbilhoprick,
that hath under it four Biftiopricks, Argiro-Cajho , Delvino , BntrintOy
and Glyk^on. Doliche Ptol. is the Ttchala of Merc. & Briet. Alebriay
ViJlano. frica, or Tricca, once the Bifhoprick of Heliodorus ^the Author
of the EthiopickJMHoty.

0/ E P I R U S.

TH E Province of Epims, now Canina, rather Chimeray & VArta
tefle Baud, is mountainous and barren , langui(hing under the
Turhjjh Tyranny. Divided by fome into Chaonia^ 'thefporthay Acarnania
& Mtolia. But by Brietius into Chaoma.^ Thefportia^ Ca{Jt0p<ea^ Acarnania^
Amphilochia^ Athamania^ Velopia and Mdojfta^ once a Country very po-
pulous, until Taulus JEmilins deftroyed 70 of their Cities in one day.

Places of moft note were Vodona, memorable for the Temple and
Oracle of Jupiter, fcituate in a fair Grove of Vocal Oaks.

Ambracia C^f, Cic. & Strab. Ampracia Herod, now UArta, the Regal
Seat of King Pyrrhus, accounted by Hannibah i^ext to Alexander y the
fecond great Soldier of the World.

j4dium near Cape Ftgula^ nigh unto which Auguliuf and Antbony
fought for the Empire of the World.

Nicopolis^ now Prevefa , built by Auguftus , yielded to the Venetiant
1684.. where were 200 Turk^, who were conduced near to Arta^
44 Pieces of Canon, 18 of Brafs, and 1200 Inhabitants v^^hich re-
mained, whereby the T^/'/^x have loft looooo Crowns yearly by the
Fifliery. And after the takhig of SanSia Maura by General Morofmi,
, he caufed his Troops to make a defcent at Vagomeflro, who advanced
50 miles into the Country, and ruined the whole Province of Acarna-
nia, and burnt two great Towns, called Vragofi^ and Zapandi, and
feveral Villages.

Cajpope, now Joanna^ otjoannina^ faid to be the Metropolis of the
Country, which 1 fuppofe to be the fame with Janna in Thejfaly.

Hicatonipdon, in the Wars of Cyprus called Supoto^ now Chimera,

foroii

of Greece, 277

'toronty now Verga. Bulhrotus^ now BuirlntOy belonging to the Vem-
tianu AnaCioria^ Vlin. &c. now Vonizza tejie Soph. Vodizza Lmnd

In this Pifovince is Mount Pindus, facred to Apollo^ and the Acroce-
raunian Mountains, the Rivers Acheron and Cocytus , faid to be the Ri-
vers of Hell i and here was Olympias the Mother oi Alexander born.

Of A CH AI A.

TH E Province of Achaia , once called Hellof & Gr£cia tefie Plimo,
Livalli & KumdU tefie Cafialdo^ of old divided into Bceotia^ At-
tica, or Hellas., Megaris^ Phocis^ Locru OzoU^ Vor'ts^ JEtolia., & Opuno-
rum regio. Now by theTwrJ^; called Livadia^ A Country famous in the
Authors of the ancient times, for the Gallantry of its Men, and for
the Statelinefsof its Structures.

Places of moft note in Attka were, i. Athenes^ A^vh, or Athini, vul-
garly called Setinef, in Lat. 38 degr. 5 min. A City heretofore a-
dorned with all thofe Excellencies of ftrength and beauty which Art
or C oft could add unto it ; a large, rich and ftately City, the Nurfery
of Learning, and the Source of all Arts and Sciences, once called the
famous Athens J the City of fhef.us, built by Cecrops^ and ruled by
Kings 550 years, then by Archomes for 6qo years ; then by the thirty
Tyrants, till expelled by Thrafihulns^ and by the help of Epaminondas
it obtained the Soveraignty of Greece , and many Ifles of the Eg£an
Sea for 70 years*, till it fubmitted to Thilip of Macedon^ and Alexander
the Great. Afterwards was much deftroyed by Sylly^ but reftored by
Adrian the Emperor , and afterwards received various Fates , till it
was enflaved hy- Mahomet the Second 1455. now taken from them by
the bra v <! M;r//7/7i, I <5 8 7 .

The Inhabitants are now, according to Efq; Wheeler's Defcription,
1675. about 1 0000, three parts Chriftians, the reft Tw^, who per--
mit no Jervs to live among them. 'Tis an Archiepifcopal See, and has
the Biftiops of Salona, Libadia^ Granitza, and fhalanta under it. It
affords a vaft number of Antiquities, viz. the Temple of F/^or> , ^>y
the Turkf made a Magazine for Powder: The Arfenal of Lycurgus :
Minerva's.^ or Farthenions Temple, Vemojihenes Lanthorn , the Ottogon
Tower of the Winds, T'hefeus's Temple, Adrian^ Pillar, the founda-
tion of the Areopagus, the Theater of Bacchus, the Temple of J«/?/^er
Olytnpius. Laftly, the Acropolis or Caftle on the South of the City, up-
on a hard Rock , and inaccellible on all fides , fave the W. S. W.
from this Cittadel is the Hill A^ufjeumj and the Mount Anchefmus, now

St. Georgioo.

279 ^f Grf^re,

%x.GzorgiQ. And S. E. firom Athtns is Mount Hymetus^ now Televouni
& Lambrarouni, where is plenty of Bees and Honey. All Provifions.
ofFlelh, Fifh, Fowl Corn, Wine and Oyl are cheap here. Their
Merchandizes are Oyl, Turky-Leathcr , Raw Silks, Pernocochi,
Cake, Soap, JJoney, Wax, &c.

The Town hath eight P/ij/ow«'j, or Parifhes, and abont 50 Parifti-
Churches, 150 Chappels, and feveral Convents.

Its two chief Ports dLtePortus Pyr£us^ now called Forto Lione by the
Franks, Tmcis^ Vracona ; more South, Port Mmichiai now Hagiot &
fhalaras Tortus^ now Port Nicolo,

Other places in yittka are, i . Marathon^ famous for the Marathonian
Bull flain by thefeus, and for the defeat of the Numerous Army of D^?-
r'lHs by Miltiades, now a ruined Village.

2. Eleufis, or EleufmCic. & Sir ah. now Lepftna^ buried in its own
Rubbifhj it lies at the Foot of the M. Kerata^ or Gerata, Here was the
Temple of Ceres, her Sacrifices called Sacra Eleufmia, and her Myfteries
unclean and Devilifli, and once the Fortification of the thirty Tyrants
of Athens. A mile off Weft, is the Sping Av^hov, i. e. Floridas, where
Ceres fat weary with the fearch of Proferpwa ; and North is the Eleufmi"
an Piain, and the Cytheron^ now Elitita Mountains.

3. Phykj now Bigla Cafiro, ot Cajha^ Wheeler, was the place where
thrafihulus began his Exploit of Expelling the Thirty Tyrants, and de- '
livering his Countrey.

4. Tamrmus, Strah» & Ttol. a Sea- Town, now Torto Raphai Soph.
whence i\\t Athenians idWz^io'Delos to carry the Prefents to Apollo fent
from tht Hyperboreans.

5. Brauron, now Vrannia, where was the Temple of Viana.

6. RhamnuSf now Taura Cafiroy or Hebr£o Caftro, famous for the
curious Statue of Netnefis.

7. Pakne, now Angelopico, where the y^fk«i^»j have their Country-
Houfes.

8. PentelitHs Mons, now Pe«^f/i, where is a Monaftry of 100 Caloires
on a Mountain of curious Marble, in which are Grotta's incrufted with
curious Congeladons.

p. Fromontormm Sunium^ now Cape Colonni, from the white Pillars
of Mi/zerWs Temple yet ftanding; and the Town Smium, one of the
A«Mo/, or Burgefs-Townsof the/^*/;eni^«/.

Places in Boiotia are, i. Hhebes, TivaSopb. Stives & Stibes Baud, thi-
ther Thiva, Wheeler, in Lat. 38. degr. 22. min. Built by Cadmus tefie Ifo-
dore, and fabled to be walled with Amphions Harp. Famous in old time
for the Wars oiEt^ocks and Folicines^ Sons of Oedipus* Here lived Velo-

pidas

Of Greece, 278

fidas and Epaminonda/ ^'who overthrew thcLacedemoniaitj at the Battel of
Leu^ra and Mantinea. Northwards is the thebean Lake, now Hylica
Palus.

2. AuUs^ now Atdide^ is famous for the (jrecwwj- Shipping out for
the Trojan War.

3. Lehadea^ not Lehadia telle Baud, tejle Zardo^ now Livadio , or
Uhadiaj Wheeler, and gives name to all Achah.

The Chriftians have here four Churches, and the Turh^ five Mofchs.
Their Trade is in Woollen Stuffs and Rice, and near it is the Tropho-
man Cave and Grove, where was an Oracle given by Jupiter,

4. Afsraay the Birth-place of Hifiod,
f. Charona, that of Plutarch, ^

6. Granitza, a Biflioprick.

7. Coronda^ the fame or near toVymnia, i. e. two Months, becaufe
Corn is fowed, ripe, and reaped in that time^teftelVheeler. Here were
the Coron£i Agri^^ where the Games Tamhriotia were Celebrated.

8. Alalcomene, probably now St. Georgia, where is a Convent, and
two Churches.

p. Tljefpia , now Neocorio, hence Mufe thefpiades.

10. Tlatea, now faid to be called Coda, in whofc Plain was Mardo-
nius (lain, 1 ^0000 Perfians, and of the Grecians but 6pp.

11. Leu£irahctwixt Thefpia ^r\d Plaiea, now Parapagia, in who(e
Plains the thebans overthrew the Spartans, fome of whom had raviftir
ed Scedafus Daughters.

12. fhisba, now Rimo Caftri y it hath now about 1 00 Cottages of
Greeks and Albanefes.

13. Tanagra of o\d, Gr£a& Pdtnandria, now Scamino, its Ruins are
large , it hath about 200 Houfes, and many GreeJ^Churches ; 'tis fitu-
ate near Mount Cerycim, on the River Afopus that divides Attica and
Baotia , over againft Oropus,

Its chief Lakes are, i. The Lake ofLivadia, formerly caHed Copais
& Cephifts, about forty miles in compafs. The Streams and Torrents
that fall into it would drown all B£otia^ but for the Subterraneous
Channels, the Wonders of Art and Nature, that fuck in the water,
and [convey it into the Mgean Sea : Thefe Subterraneous Catabaiha,
are about fifty in all. i. The Helica Palur, now LzkeThives,

Its chief Rivers are Afopus , now Scamino, and Cephijfus River.

Its chief Mountains were, i. Helicon a Poetis decantijfimus, Mufir
Sdcer, by the Inhabitants called Eialia, now Zagara, Wheel. 2. Cithde-
ton Mons, Mufu Sacer, now Elatea Mons, tejie IFheel,

Chief

280 ^f Greece,

Chief Places in Mtolia are Lepanto, Nanpa&us Ptol. NeopaStur Cic,
Naupa&utn Plin. Lepanti Gallif, Epados Cr£CM^ Einebachri lurcif, iejie
Leone. An Archiepifcopal City, now built from the Sea-(hore to the
top of a high Conical Mountain, having four Ranges of Walls be-
fore the Caftle, which is feated on the top of the Mountain. Its Har-
bour is narrow at its entrance, and (hallow ^ where 'tis faid, the fa-
mous Cofair Dwr^c/^ Bej), Bafliaof Candia reHdeS. In the year 1408*
it was fubjcd to the Emperour of Confiantinopk^ but the Emperour
Emanuel gave it to the Venetians ^who fo fortified it, that in the year 147.
it deftroyed 30000 TWri^, and the Army forced to raife the Siege ;
hutBajazet the Second with an Army of 150000, attacked it by Sea
and Land, and brought it to a moft deplorable eftate, and took it from
them i49p. But in the year 1687.it was retaken by Generalillimo Mo-
rofinu The Trade is Leather, Oyl, Tobacco, Rice, Barly, Wheat,
Furs, &c. Near this Town was that famous Sea-fight betwixt the
Venetians and the Turk^^ where 2pooo Turks were killed, 4000 taken
Prifoners, with 140 Gallies, and 1200 Chriftian Captives redeemed,
1571. At the Entrance of this Gulf of LepantOy by the Ancients Si-
nus Crif£us^ Sinus Corinthiacusy & Mare Alcyonum^ faid to be 100 miles
in length, are two Caftles called alfo the Dardanelles of Lepanto^ not
far from the Promontories 'Rbium & Antinhium^ Capo S. Andraai ^^ud.
rather C. Antirio.

Other places in Mtolia are Calydon with its Foreft, where Meliagar
flew the wild Boar, now Aiton tejh Cyriaco^ rather GaUata Wheel. Here
the River Evenus^ over which the Centaus: Nejfus carried Htrcules Wife
V^aneira^ to have raviflied her. Alfo the River Achelous ^ much
fabled by the Poets. The JEtolians were a turbulent and unruly
People.

Chief places in Locrix are, Amphijfa^ Lambinatefie Nigro, AnfifaBaud.
Salona, Wheel, once the chief place of the Locrii Ozelorum^ feated now
on a Rock under a Mountain, that joyns Mount Corax and Tarnajfus^
Mufts Sacer apud Poet as ^ Parnafo & Liacura tejie Soph. Licoura^ Wheel,
The lurk^ have here feven Mofchs, and the Greeks fix Churches, whofe
Bi(hop is under the Arch-Biftiop of Athens: They Trade with To-
bacco and Cottons.

'Xurcochoreoy thought to be the ancient LiUa^ is feated near the
River Cephifus in the middle of a Plain between Mount Oeta and
the ThermopyU ., famous for King Leonidas defence i faid to be a
Town of the Locii Epicnemides^ (o called from the Mount and Town
Cnemides.

tha-

Of Greece, 281

Thalanda on the South-fide of the River Plataniufy a Biflioprick
and large Town by the Ruins of Churches and Towers ; a mile out
of Town it feems to' be the City Opus-^ hence Lacrii Opwitii^ 0 Sinus
OpHntms,

Vrepanum& Molycrium Strah & Vtol.Trapani Nigra, now Capo di Pra-
tras.

Chief Places in Phocis are Velphos^ or "Delphi , Salona Nigra, Caftri Soph.
& fVheeL once famous for the Oracle of ^/^o/Zo, who delivered his (ay-
ings in AmphiboU*s and dark Sentences, whereby he deceived his De-
votee's, as Crajfus and Pyrrhus', feated it was on the middle of the
South-fideof the Mount Parnajfufy where Vncalion and Pyrrha faved
themfelves.

2. VaHlis, now Valia^ noted for King 'tereus who raviflied Phi-
lomela,

3 . Cyrrha Plin, & Liv. Chyrra Ptol. Jfpropiti Zarda & Nardo^ now Tra-
tnochi^ Wheeler,

4. Anticyrrha Ptol. Anticyra Pauf. famous of old for its Heiebore,
now in Ruins near to the Afprofpity Sinus,

5. Pythia^ the Navil of the World, remarkable for the Affembly of
the JmphiCtyones that condemned the Phocians for Sacriledge.

Chief Places in MegarU are Megara^ feated in a Valley towards the
Gulph of E«g?^, once comprehending twcT Rocks, now but one, ha-
ving three or four Cottages of Greekj, much infefted with Pyrates, fa-
mous once for the Se^a Megarica of Euclid, and for the Fable of King
ZV>j(ra's Purple Hair.

2. Towards the Harbour Minoa is the ruined Fortrefs Nic£a, and
the Vodeca Ecclefia ; Weft are the Scironides Rupes, now Kak^fcalia, or
Bad Bjy ; and the ancient Cromium, the Bounds between Anica. and

Peloponmfus,

Peloponnefus, now Morea, is the moft Famous Peninfula in the World ;
Bounded with the Sea only, where it joineth to Greece by an Ijimus of
fix miles in breadth •, very Memorable for the Fruitlefs Defign of di-
vers Kings and Emperors to cut it through, and to make a perfed
Illand of it i and for the Ijihmian Games inftituted by Thefeus i and
for the Wall of Hexameli built by the Emperor Emanuel Hi 3. demoli-
(hed by /^m«mi[? the Second 1424 i 1453. rebuilt by the Venetian's in
15 days, with i3<5 Towers.

A Country it was once abounding with all things, as well for the
Delicacy and Contentment, as Neceffary for the Life of man -, and for
the bignefs of it, none in the World hath fuffered in the Ruin of fo

O 0 many

282 P/" Gm^e.

many brave and ftately Cities, yet the beft Inhabited of aWGreece^ be-
ing well Seated with Ports and Havens on all tides of it.

This pieafant part of Greece has not always had the name of Morea^
as 'tis now called ^ Strabo faith that it was once c, lied Argo^ or Argos,
from a famous City of that name within its Conlines *, and Mgiaka
from JEgialus a famous King of the Syconians. Jpohdorus and ?ltny
call it jipa^ from Aps the third King of the Arsjves ^ Son of
Mgialus^ and alfo Telafgia, Afterwards it had the Name of Telo-
potmefiti, from Telops the Son of Tantalm King of Phrygia and Taygetay
now Morea,

As to its Bignefs, Authors difagree, Ifodore allows it 3^3 miles in
Circuit. Bourdon 'y6^. Torchacchi ')'J^. Bleau^ Sagredo^ zwdiViamli,
make it ^00. Baudrand 550. Strabo makes the length 1400 Stadia.
Sagredo makes it 170 miles from the Ijibmus to Modon. Baudrand
makes it 150 from Corinth to lenmum Vrom. and from C. SchtUi to C,

'tornefe 175- _ , .

It was by Vtolomy^w^ others divided into eight parts, Achaia Propria^
Arcadia. Argia^ Corinthia, Elis^ Laconia^ Mejfenia and Sicyonia. Pom-
ponius Mela divided it into but fix of thofe parts j he left out Corinthia
and Sicyonia.

Morri and Baudrand make four Divifions, viz. Vucatus Clarenti£, the
Dutchyof Clarence^ oxChiarenza^ which comprehends Achaia Propria,
Sicyonia znd Corinthia. 2. Belvedera, which contains Elii and Meffenia.
3. Saccania^ or the lefTer Kow^nw, containing the ancient Argia or
^y^tf/. 4. Traconia^ Qom'^it\itnd^\'C\%Laconia zwd Arcadia.

Places mofl Famous are 5 i. Patra^^ an Arch-Biflioprick, known to
the Romanr by the Name of jiugufia^ Aroe Patrenfis^ called alfo Neupa-
tria by the lurks » "^'^ Badra and Balabutra^ tejie Leunc. Memorable
for the Death of St. Andrea? the Apoftle , and now a Town of good
Trade in Raw Silks, Leather, Honey, Wax, Wool, Cheefe, and Cur-
rans. Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinth^

now Lepanto, a Strait Fortified on both fides with two Caftles by Ba-
jazet^ to fecure the Entrance of the Bay ^ taken by Andrew Doriai^y i.

Recoveredby^o/j/w^n the Magnificent. July 1687. abandoned by the

TurkSi and poffelTcd by the Venetians.

Chiarenza the Cyllene of Plin. Ptol. & Thucy. tefte Soph. Antravida Nig.

But Brietai will have Vyme^ olim Strato; & Cattconia to be Clarenza^ once

the Capital City of that Dutchy, now fome flight Traces of it are all

that is vifible. Six miles from the Cape Tornefe^ Chelonates Prom. Strah.

is the Caftle or Fortrefs of Tornez^e, now by the Turks Clemouzziy

tejie WheeU Clemontiit CoroneVi^.

Pylas

Of Greece, 283

VylM ofStrah. 'thucyd. &c. Aharinus Ptol.Neha^ Homero^ teflePauf. &
Corypha/ium tefie Steph. Navarino Soph. Zonichia Leun&. now Zwichio^ or
Navarin^ lo miles diftant from Cof^w i is famous for its Port, where
2000 Veffels may ride at Anchor-, about five miles long, and three
broad, having an Ifland lying before it; on the right hand it is guarded
with a ftrong Caftle called Nerp Naverin 5 on the other hand (lands old
IV^t/i^zrzw, formerly called Py?</.

Modori) 10 miles from Cf^row, hy tht Turhj Maf urn ^ by F I in. Mcthom -,
its Situation by Nature and Art makes itfi:rong,having a fafe and com-
modious Haven, taken firft by the Venetians in the year 1124, In the
year 14^8. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter. And in the
year i<585. retaken by the Venetians.

Coron^ once Vedufns, Nifi. Lauremh^ Epea^Vauf.hzih. a ftrong and ad-
vantageous Situation on the right fide of Cape G^i7(?, the Jcritm From,
of the Ancients, taken by Bajazet 1498. Taken again by General Voria
1 53 3. but foon again returned to the Imkifh yoke. But in the year 1685.
after the defeat of the 7^r^'/^ Gamp, and a vigorous refiftance, it was
taken byafTault, with a dreadful flaughter of all the Inhabitants, by
the Venetian s^who found 128 Pieces of Gannon,of which 66 were Brafs,

Cdlamaia the Ab£a Ptol. Tmria & Epea Strah. tefie Soph. ( but Ab£a is
Chioris^ Mol. And the Ihurium oiPtol. & T'hyrea PUn. is now Cume^ra^
tejie Mol. J The T'halame of Strab. & Pauf. 'theramne PUn, Therapne Solina
& Mda^ te{h Gemiftro. But Niger will have Thalame to be Bjfilopotamo.,
or Vafilipotamo ; and Mol, will have it Barboliza. It is feated at the bot-
tom of the Bay oiCoron^ about a mile from the Sea, on the Bank of the
River Pamfits of Strabo^ Strsmio Niger^ defended with a flrcng Caftle,
with Regular Fortifications, taken by the Venetians 1685. Nigh to
which is the Lake Lerna., where Hrculcs flew the Monfter Hydras as
alfo Mount Ttw^w/j-, where was the Cave (called the defcent of Hell)
out of which he drew the Dog Cerberm ; and Namea was the place
where he flew the dreadful Lion. As was alfo Z^r/.'^f^j a Fortrefs much
favoured by Nature, but much more by Art, which was<delivered up
to General Morojini in fight of the Captain Baffa with a numerous and
powerful Army, who dared not to attempt its fuccour.

Chielefa, is a Fortrefsof great importance for its advantages of Na-
ture and Art, feated upon a fteep Rock, a mile and half from the Sea i
of a Quadrangular Figure, Flanked with five great Towers, not far
from the place where once Vittth ^ood. -It furrendred to-the Venetians
\6%6.

Pajfova is a Fortification feated in the Province of Mwwd;, oppofite to
Chielefa^ and Port Vitulo^ yielded to the Venetians 1 685. without a ftroke,
and demolilhed. O 0 2 As

i84 ^f Greece.

As alfo the Fortrefs of Maina^ built where once flood the ancient
CerfapolU^ by the Ottomans called lurcotogli Olimienof, by the Greeks Ca-
firo di Maina, by thcTurl^f Monige^ demoliftied in the year 1 570.

Myfura, Seated in a large Plain, full of fraall Villages, Olive and
Mulberry-Trees, about 25 miles from the Sea, the Mountain T^)/£f/»/
commands it on the Weft j once Sparta^ then Laaddmon^ once one of
the moft famous of the Grecian Cities, now flirunk to a little Town,
fcarcely fliewing any Remains of its former Glory. Hiftorians do not
agree who was its hrft Founder; fome fay it was Spartus the Son of
King Amiclas^ others the Princefs, King Laceddmons Wife, who was
called Sparui 5 fume affirm it was Cecrops^ and others attribute it to
Spartus the Son of Phoroneus King of Argos, Contemporary with the
Patriarch Jacob, and make it older {hzn Rome ^^ ^ years. TheCaftleis
fo advantageoufly feated, that Hiftories affure us it was never taken.
In the year 1687. furrendred to the Venetians.

Malvafia, the Epidaurus, Limera & Monembafia of the Ancients, has a
very advantageous Situation in a little Ifle on a Rock, waftied by the
waves of \\iC Archipelagus^ yet enjoying feveral Sources of fweet clear
Springs, inacceiTible on all fides but one place, which is defended with
a thick tripple Wall, and joined to the main Land by a Wooden Bridg,
having a very fpacious Port, and well defended ; yet though its Situ-
ation renders it almoft invincible, by its ill fortune it hath under-
gone feveral Changes: Taken from the Greek Emperors by the French
and Venetians, hnuo 1x04. In the year 1537. it vvas taken by Solyman,
and during the Wars of Candta it was attacked by the Venetians znd ta-
ken,whodemoli{hed theFort,and left it. There is another Epidauras'm
Argia^ called Efculapia Soph, famous for the Temple of JEfculapius. Pi-
giada Nigro^ Cherronifi Soph.

Napoli di Romania^ amongft the Celebrated Cities, once the Glory of
Argia; this is now the chief, the Anaphiaoi Herod. Xenoph. & Strab.
NaupliaPtol. NapliSoph. built by Nauplim King of Eub^a, the Son of
Neptune and Amimonej and Father to Palamedes. About two miles in
Compafs, almoft furrounded by the Sea, and defended by a Caftle, as
the Harbour is by a Fort, built upon a Rock about 300 foot into the
Sea, fo that both Nature and Art have confpired to render it ftrong ;
now an Arch-Biflioprick, andthe F>efidence of theGovernour of the
Province. Containing <5ooo Greek/^ befides a great number of other
Inhabitants i firft taken 1205. by theFe«e/M«/,joyned with the French -y
taken foon after by King Giovanijfa^ who left terrible marks of his rage
and fury, by putting the whole Garifon to the Sword, and fackingthe
Town. AfTaulted it was by Mahomet the Second with a powerful Army,

but

Of Greece » 285

but in vain \ fo Solyman alfo had no more fortunate fuceefs, but by a-
greement obtain'd it from the Republick. Thefe twolaft places are ali
that iheTurknow hath in theMore^, fo that the Venetians zvt now Ma-
ilers of all that Countrey.

Argoi^ of this Name are three Cities in Greece^ viz. i. At^i Am^hilo'
chinm in Epiruf^ now Anjilocha. 2. Argos Felafgicum'm 7 heffalia^ now
Armiro. 3. Argos Peloponneftacum^oncc I'horonia^ JaJJia.yHyppobole^'Dipofa^
or Vipjion, Seated on the River Inachus^ now Planizza Soph, not far
from the Ruins of the Ancient Mycenia 5 Founded by Inachus in the
year of the World 2 rpy. and continued for 54.6 years under Kings,
then a Commonwealth, now'only retains the NameofitspafTed Glory,
though featedina delightful Plain, about 24 miles from the Sea, a-
bounding with Wine and Oyl, and all forts of Grain, and defended
with a Cattle feated on a Hill. Here %\n^?ynhus was killed with a
Tile from the hands of an old Woman.

'trapolizza, Megalopolis Polyb. Strah. & Chrifiianopolis di^a tejie Baud,
Leondari, or Leontari Soph, by the Turh^ called Mora Orta^ the Center
of the Morea^ the chief place in the once famous Arcadia, the Births
place of Volyhius the Hiftorian,

Corinth-, the Corinthus of Strah. and folyh, Ephyro Lauremh. by the
Inhabitants Coranto^ znd by the T^urkj Gerame, In the Lat.of 38
degr.14. m. had its foundation from^/efej',who lived in the time of Ce-
crops^o66. So advantageoufly feated in the midft of the I[ihmtis^
that fome have called it the Eye of Greece^ others the Bulwark of the
Peloponnefus^ and the fplendor of Greece. This City formerly fo rich
and M-2gniHcent, is now nothing more than a wretched Remnant of
Wars and of Time, and hath preferved nothing more of its priftine
Grandeur than its own Ruins.

The famous Fortrefs of the Acrocorimhus^ the Guard of Corintht
muft not be paffed by without a particular Remembrance. Built
upon the point of a high Rock , and ftrengthened with a ftout
Wall very lirong both by Art and Nature j yet after the taking of
Lepanto^ the Serafquier being terrified by the Venetian Forces, had kt
iii;eto it, and left it \ where ihz Venetians found 45 Brafs, and 4 Iron
Guns idSy.

Thus have I as briefly aspoffible given an Account of the Chief Ci-
ties now extant in the Morea, the Stage and Theater of Adion in the
late Wars.

The chief Mountains in this Peninfula are the Fo/oe, or Phole Moun-
tain, near which was feated the City of Olympia., famed by the Poets
for the Country of the Centaurs flain by Hdrcw/f/, after his being Vi-

dorious

286 Of Greece.

dtorious over the Nmaan Lion, the L&Fnan Hydra, and the Eryman-
than Boar.

CyVene Mms^ at the top whereof are yet to be feen the Remains of
the Temple of Mo-cury.

Lyc£Hs Mons^ memorable for the Sacrifice of the Tyrant Arifiarchat^
made to thepubhcli Rage of the Lacedemonians.

Menalus Mons^ for its (hady Groves, and refrefhing Air, Dedicated
to ?an.

Mons Sepia, foif the Death of Epites ftung by a Serpent.

Monies Poylizi^ for Viana'^s Temple, called alfo Stymphalides.

Mons Mintia, or Mitena, which gives a Profped to theGulph of C<?-
ron, where the proud Fanes of Tluto and Trofetpina once ftood. At
the foot of Mount Nonacres , at the foot whereof roul the fatal
waves of Styx. Laflly, the Tageta^ Sacred to Bacchus^ CereSy j4poUo^
and Diana.

Chief Rivers are, Alpheus Ttol. &c. Carbon, or Varhon. vulgo, Orphea,
Soph, much famed by the Poets, who tell us alfo of its Subterraneous
palTage to its beloved Fountain Arethufa in Sicily.

EurotaSy now Vajfalipotamos^ Iris Niger Homerns tint, it rans by Mifit-
tra^ and falls into the Gulf of Colchina ; in Summer very dry and
(hallow, but in Winter fometimes overflowing its bounds.

InachuSy now Plannizz,a , once Cramavor , then Haliacmon , called
Inachus from the Son of Oceanus and 'Ihetis, whofe ftory is well
known.

I muft not forget the River Pamyfus, Strah. Plin. & AmathuSj
Tanyjus Ptol, Stromio^ Ni^er, Tifeo, Giovio, which falls into the Gulph
of Coron.

All E«r^/>e affords not a place comparable to this pleafant Peninfula.
Irs fruitful Plains flourifh with plenty, adorned with the charms of
variety.. Its high Hills, though thought unpleafant objedls for their
cragginefs, yet endowed with excellent Plants, and delicious Fruits j
and its Climate is fofr, ferene and temperate. Here we may have
the Melancholy view of the Imperial Seats of the Corinthians^ Lacede-
monians, Syconiansy Mycenians^ Elians, Arcadians^ Pyleans, and Mejfe-
nians^ now lying buried in their own Ruins.

Of Greece* 287

Of the Ijlands in the ^geari:, Cretan^ and
Ionian Seas.

THE Iflands that are adjacent to Greece, are, 1. Such as are in the
Archipelago J or the Mgean Sea, which are about 43, and of late
years have had 145000 Inhabitants that paid the Herach or PoUmoney
to the Turks ', few or no X^rk^^ hve in them, becaufe of the Corfairs :
Being Chri^ians they are fubjec^ to the Metropolitan of Scio, and are
governed by their own Archontes^ and admire their own poor Free-
dom. 2. The Ifles of the Cretan Sea, that are the Bar of the Arches,
3. Thelllandsof the /(;«/<?« Sea, now all under the Venetian,

Of the ^gean IJles.

THE chief of thefe Iflands are, i. Negropont, by the Gmj^/ called
Egripos, but formerly Macris^ Abantii and Et{h£a^ it lyes Eaft of
Achaia^ from which it is faid to be once feparated by an Earthquake,
which made the narrow Strait called Euripus^ whofe ebbing and flow-
ingis not only feven times a day, butfometimes 1 1, 12, 13, i4times
in the fpace of 4 or 5 hours. This ifland is Queen of the JEgean Sea, as
well for fertility as greatnefs ; about a 100 miles in length, and 2 5 in
breadth, and is plentiful in Sheep, Kids and Goats, Fifti, Wine and
Fruits, and all other Provifions. The chid C\t)'\s Ncgropont, or Egripos^
on a Peninfula near the place where Chalcis flood, a place formerly of
great wealth and power, and fince fo well fortified, that it coft the
Turkj A. D. 1 47 1. 40000 men in the taking of it from the Venetians 5
there S. Erizzo was murdered 5 and his beautiful Daughter Signora Anna
refufing the fplendid Courtftiip of Mahomet^ was hewn in pieces by
him. 2. Carifius, now Cari/io.hcnce Columne Cariji£. 3. ThePfomon-
tory Capkrus, now Voro^ where Nauplius the Father of Palemedes (ha-
ving by his falfe fires infeveral parts of the Ifland, ruined and deflroy-
ed 200 GrdTcian Ships, and many thoufand men) drowned himfelf, be-
caufe VlyJJes and Viomedes efcaped. The whole Ifland is now under
the Turkj,

2. Stalamine, once Lemnos^ meriiorable for the fabulous fall QxVulcan^
and for the Entertainment of Jafon and the Argonauts, by Hypfipyle]
Daughter to Kiu^ thoas, Son of Bacchus and Ariadne-, now noted for a

Sove-

2SS Of Greece.

Sovereign Mineral Earth againftlnfedtions, Poyfon, and cures Wounds,
&c. it is gathered Jugujl 6tb. by the Gr^fj^ Monks with much Ceremo-
ny, and many Religious Preparations, and made into fmall Pellets, feal-
ed wirh the Tmkj Seal, and called 7erra Sigiliata^ and fo difperfed to
the Merchants. 3. 5«w,J:he lurking place cf ^I'c/.-ii'ej, as Ortdins con-
ceives i others think it to be one of CjcWw,more Southerly. 4. 7hafinf^
now Tajfo, *tis 40 or 50 miles in compafs, fruitful in Wine, &c.znd
Woody. On the North it has a Town lituate upon a good Harbour.
5- Samotht'ace, qu.ifi Santos 'Thrjci£^ formerly Durdania and L^.ucofia^ it
has plenty of Honey and wild Deer, and commodious Harbours, now
much infcfted by Pyrates. 6. Imbrui^ now Lembro, ten miles from
Samothract\ and about 30 miles in compafs, 'tis Mountainous toward
theEaft, andhas a well- watered Plain to the Weil. 7. Alomfus^ now
Lmio. 8. Scopeliu!^ now Scitpelo. p. Sciathui^ now Si att a, of which
little memorable.

3. The Gulph of 5jron, now E^irtj, hath thefelflands. 1. Egina^ now
tlrjgia, the Country of JEacm^- who was fabled to be Judgof Hell, with
Radamanthus and Minos It is 80 miles in compafs, and has the Town
JEgina, that conlifts cf SooDweiling-houfes, and from the Caftle is a
fair Profped ; here the Grceh^ and Latins have each a Church. Here is
plenty of Corn, Cotten, Honey, Wax, Almond and Carobs, and Red-
legged Partridges. Betwixt the \{[z.n6s Angejiri^ Metopi, V uronifay Mmi^
and it felf, isaHarbour where Ships may ride. 2. Cophi?:idia is S.W.
And fo is, 3. Calabrea^ now Porus^ 18 miles in compafs, now inhabited
by Albjmfes \ here VerKoflhenes was banilhed, and poyfoned himfelf to
avoid the Fury of Antipater. 4. Salamis^ now Colouri, 50 miles in
compafs; it has three Towns, i. Colourij has now about 400 Per-
fons. 2. MetropiSy 3oHoufes. 3. Ambalachi^ near this was the ancient
City Salamis, near which was the Overthrow of Xtrxes his Navy,
where 200 of his Ships were funk, and moft of the reft taken by the
Athenians^ &c. Here alfo was the hixth-\jhce o{ Solon^ and the Royal
SzztO^ Telamm the Father of Ajjx. 5. Lypfocalalia. 6. MegaU Kira^
and M/cra Kira^ two Scoglto's^ one formerly called K£ra^ on which
Xrxes fat in a Silver Throne to behold the fight of the Navies. There
are other fmall Iflands and Scoglio's which I omit for brevity's fake.
The Inhabitants of thefe Iflands had a Vayvode and a Caddi^ but now
th;y areleftto themfelves, and pay the Captain B^J^^ 785 Dollars for
all Duties.

4. The CycladeSj now thelflands of the ^rck/ , the chief are, i.De-
/fl/, formerly Ortigia^ now S. Veli, becaufe it comprehends the Iflind
Kheneia\Nd\. It is now deColate, though formerly noted for the re-
ception

Of Greece, 289

ceptionof Litona^ where (he was delivered of j4polIoznd Diana. Apollo
had here a Temple, and the circumjacent Iflands cslled Cyclades en-
dowed it, and fent prefents to it. 2. Mycom^ or Uvmv© , 4 miles diftant
Eaft,and 30 miles in Circuit.The Inhabitants are all PyTates,yetChrifti-
ans, and have 30 Grrei^ Churches, and a Latin one. The VVomen are
handfome, but not chalk. Here is plenty of Corn and Wine, bat little
Wood and Water. They are Tributaries to i\\t7m\s. 3. 'Terns, now
Ti«e,formerly i^ir»/i, and O^I?/«/tf, itlyeth high, being a large heap
of Marble Rocks, but in many places covered with a fertile Soil, its
chief Town flands in the middle of the Ifland on a pointed Rock, on
the higheft part whereof is the Caltle, which affordeth a curious Pro-
fped: over moft part of the jinhipelago. Here the Veneiian General of the
Archipelago r did cs, 4. Thcrmta, Ptj/y^egw of old, in nioft Maps Firmz-
nia-, it is much frequented by Paraly ticks. Lame, &c, by realbn of its
many Baths and hot Springs that are very Diaphoretick. 5. Seriphos^
h-^ xhtGreeklSerfo^ in moft Maps *yer/?/:?a«f(?, it hath a Townand Har-
bour on the Southlide, with a Convent of Gmi^ Monks. <5. Varas^ or
P^/(;, formerly PadFjij and M/no^, famous for its good Air, and excel-
lent Marble ; it was dedicated to Bacchuf^ becaufe Wine is here no more
than Twelve-pence a Barrel 5 under the Marble Mountain is a Grotta
with Figures of all forts of Woods, Groves, Trees, Pillars, and rare
Poetical Fancies, framed by the falling of VVater congealed into Mar-
ble, which by Candle-light is a moft furprizing Workmanfhip of Na-
ture. 7. Siphanto, hath ten Villages, famous for excellent fruit, and
beautiful Women. Here is a Monallery in which the Greei^Nuns are
firft initiated. 8. Argentera, from a Mine of Silver, by the Greeks ^ii^ha ,
by Ptolomy and Strabo K/^aS?, it hath fome inhabitants, p. Milo, 'tis
faid to have one of the beft Ports of the World, now a refuge for Cor-
fairs. 10. BcUo-Tola, or Ifola Brugiala^ becaufe burnt and blown up not
many years fince with Subterraneous fires. 1 1 . Andros, onceCauroj and
Antandrof. 12. Nazos, now Necfia, or Nixia, of old Infula Veneris and
Vyonifia^ remarkable for the goodnefs and plenty of its Wines, and for
the excellent Marble Ophites, 1 ^.Cbia, or Cheos^ now Zea, with others
of lefs note.

5. The Sporades^^som axreipcdy becaufe (catte red in the Sea ^ the prin-
cipal are 12 in number, i . AJhypdea, now Stj^mpalia. x.Anaphe, now
Nan^o, 3. Hdena, now Macronifa^ where Paris enjoyed the hit Helena.
4, *9(7/, where Hmer is faid to be buried. 5. Lagufa. 6, Phocufa. 7. Ph£'
caQa. 8. Philocandros. g Schinufa. 10. Strybia. l i. Jhera, the Birth*
place of the Poet CallimachHs. 1 2, Gierra^ &c.

Pjp 6. Cjihsra,

zgo Of Greece,

6. Cythraj now GerigOf S, of Morea the Birth-place oiVenus and He-
lena* Ir*s ijl peopled, of a barren and Mountainous Soil > it has plenty oC
Sheep-, Hares and Fowls, efpccially Turtles, Ventts's beloved Birds. On
the South it has a Town, and a good Harbour on the Eaft-Point 5*. M-
colo. Here was the Temple of Venus^ out of which Helena was ftolen.
On the South are the Scogliu^s Ovo and Cerigotto. The reft of the
Iflands of the JEgean Sea we (hall refer to the defcription of Jfia
Minor,

The Cretan Id^nds: i.Candia^ {ormetly Hecatompolist Macronnefus,
Idea J Telchifiia and Creta. It is feated in the mouth of the Mgean Sea,
at the Entrance of the Archipelago, in i-ght of JJta and Africa', fo ad-
vantageoufly firuated , that Arijhtle faid it was the only proper Seat of
an Univerfal Empire. It is above 270 miles in length, and about 50
in breadth. It hath been famous for the Wars of the Titans againft the
Gods i for its excellent Ships and Archers ; for the Bull that raviftied
Earopa j for the Amours of Pafiphae and Ariadne ; for the cruelty of the
Minotaur ; for the Government of Saturn j for the Habitation and Se-
pulchre oi Jupiter ; for the Laws of Minos and Rhadamanthus ; for the
Labyrinth o{ V£dalHS •, and many other things thehihabitants boaftof ;
but there is no belief of men that were always accounted £)'er/,as Tit. i, 12,
out o^Epirmnides. Anciently it had an 100 Cities, 40 remaining in the
time oi Ptolomy, i. Gnojfus^ now Cinojus. 2. Cydon, now Canea^ Mater
Orbium^ hence Poma Cydonia^ now Adam*s Apples. 3. Ekmhira^ or Ery-
tbr£a. 4. Miletum., named 2 7/w. 4. 20, with ACi. 27. 7, 8, &c, and
21. 17. $.Gortyna^ hence SpiculaGortynia^ their beft Arrows. 6. Di-
damnum. 7. Ampdus. 8. Minja^ now Aliemara. The chief Mountains
are, i.lda, the higheil: in the Ifland, now called Pfdoriti, dom the top
whereof may be difcerned both Seas. 2. Pi(?e, now Sethia and Laf}hi.
^.Leucij a long Chain of Hills called of late di Madara, la Spachia^ and
laSfacioces. The Rivers are none of them Navigable, but the defedt-
is fupplied with good Harbours and Bays. The MuUet Scarus was a great
R(?w4«delicacy.ltsCommoditiesareMufcadelWine,Sugar,Sugar-Candy,
Hony, Wax, Gum, Olives, Dates, Raifins, but little Corn. This Ifland
was tirft Governed by Saturn, then by Jupiter^ who was Interred at
Gnojfos', then fucceeded Minis his Son, begotten on Europa; after that
the liland was Governed by a Republicki and in the time of Pompey the
Great it was fubdued by the Romans j then the Emperors of Conjianti'
nople were Matters of it ; after it was given to Boniface M. of Montferrat,
who parted with it to the Venetians Anno T>om, 12 04. But the Tnrk,s in
the year i<56p, after a War of 24 years quite expelled the Venetians^
and io became Matters of it. This Uland is now divided into four Ter-
ritories,

Of Greete, goi

ritories, which bear the Name of fo many Principal Cities, viz. Candia,
Canes, Reiim?, and Sittia. The Principal For treffes are Grahates^ Suda^
and Spinalon^a^ held by the Venetians. Candia^ the Capital City, fo ftrong
by Art and Nature,lhat it was the Bulwark of Chriftendom,and main-
tained it felfagainft many long and defperate Sieges of theTWrJly, be-
fore it furrendered to them. Other Iflands are, 2. Claude^ Ad. 27. i<5.
now Gfs?. 3- D/^, now St andia. /\.. Leto'a, now Chrljrina. <). Mgiliai
now Ceccrigo. Crete had one Archbilhop, and eight Bifliops.

The Ionian Iflands.

I. *j^^/;f, anciently Zacymlms^ in North Lat. g^degr. 30. min.
X V The Town is ftretched along thelhore, and is very popu-
lous, according as thereftof the Ifland, that has 50 Towns and Vil-
lages, fome Springs ; it is infefted with frequent Earthquakes. The
Gree\ Church is here, as in other places under the Venetian^ much La-
tinizd in their Do(ftrine, though they hate the Church of Rome. The
Latins have here a Bi(hop, and divers Churches and Convents. The
'Englijh have a Fadory, but no Frieii^ as in other places, and they
feemtothe Natives to live without Religion, to die without hope,
as they are buried without decency, to the difgrace of our Reformed
Church, and the great fcandal of them that are without. Here is
plenty of Currans, Wine, Oyl,-Melons, and other good Fruits. 2.Stra-
phades.two Ifles, 50 miles South o( Zant ; here live many Gmi^ Monks
vvellfortitiedj^ ^, Cephaloma^ formerly Santos. MeUna, and Tcleboe'^
Ms 120 miles in Circuit, the gresteft Ifle in Vlyjfes Kingdom. Ar-
gofioU, alargePort every way Land-lockt, the Refidence of thtVene-
tian Proveditor 5 the chief Town is Cefalona^ it affordeth abundance of
Currans, Wine, Oyl, e^c. Thiakj^ four or- five miles over-againft
Port Frfc.rrda , it affords abundance of Currans, 5-. Ithaca, for-
merly P.i/ic/;/«'«, now Valde Compare, the Birth-place of 1^/)^ej, now
without Inhabitants, yet it has good Curraus. 6. Echinades , five
Scoglio*s, now called Curz^oUri at the mouth of the River Achelous j
near thefe were fought the Battels of ACfimi and Lepanto. 7. St. Mauro,
by the Greekj Lucas, Leucada, and Nerilos ; 'tis feparated from Acarna-
nia by a Screight of five Paces over, and three or four foot deep in
water ; the Calile is ftrong, called St. Mauro , Delivered up to
General Momfvii, July K584. The Port is good, and named
Cbimeno, and- the Ifland Leucas -, 'tis inhabited with Turkj and Greekj,
molt are Pyrats , 'tis thirty or forty miles in Compafs, znd fruitful

Pp 2 in

2^2 Of Greece.

ill Corn, Pafture, Oranges, &c. 8. Corfit^ iotmtt\y Corcyra^ ail i8o
miles in Compafs, but for a Rock Weft, the Town would be almoft
impregnable ; in the Caftle Eaft refides the Venetian General by Sea
and Land, to whom the other Iflands appeal. The Ruined Towns are
CaJJiopiaj now Cajfopo. 2 . Cherfopolis, now TaUopoli 5 here are alfo the
Gardens of /^/«n(7»/,8cc. The Inhabitants are very revengeful; here
is plenty of Wine, Oyl, and Fruits, but little Corn. The Greeks have
here a Proto-pappa fubjedt to the Biftiop of Cephalonia^ but the Latins
have a Bifhop. Thus much for the Gr£cian Iflands in the Mg^anfiretan^
and Ionian Seas.

The pefent State of the Countries:^ Fortfy
and other Places :, n^hich belong to the
Europeans in the Weft WEaftJndies.

HERE were at firft but two Na: ions in Europe that Succefs-
fully undertook long Voyages by Sea, or who fent Colonies
into Diftant Climates : The Spaniards toward the Weft, and
the Vortugals into the Eaft. Thefe alio obtained from Pope.
Akxander the Sixth, a Donation of all Lands undifcovered j but the
other Europeans were not fatished at the Pope's Liberality ; for the En-
glijh^ Vmch^^ud French^ would alfo have their (hare ; fince which time
there have been feveral Changes in thofe Countries ; that Rigor which
the Portugal and Spaniard ukd to exclude all other Nations, (erving on-
ly to deftroy themfelves.

The French have firft in Canada, Montreal, the Three Rivers, Quebec^
fadoufac, and other Places upon the great River of St. Laurence, and
upon Sufferance or Incroachment, they pretend to that which we call
Nova Scotia, the I(la)id of Cape Bretan. In New-found-Land, they have ,
Bay Fiaifance, and Bay Blancho.

z. hmongthe Iflands calkd Antilks^^giit of St. Chrifiopheri, St, Bar-
tholometvs, Santa Cruez, St. Martins, GHadaleupe^La Diftree^ Maria Galante,
Les Saintes, Martinique, St. Aloifu, Grenada, and the Grenadins^ La Tortue,
and feveral Cronies in the Weftern part of the Spanijh Ifland, other^
wife called Sanllo Domingo. 3. Upon the Southern Continent of y^mc-
ric<» upon the Coaft of G«ytf«<j, the Ifland of C<«)/f«e3 where ftands the
Fort St. Michael deCeperoux, now called Fort St Louis : The Iflauds of
Corou, Coonama, Comoribo, 8cc. 4. The Trade of the Coaft of Africa, up-
on the Rivers of Senega : where they have a Fort : Alfo upon the River
of Gambia, at Kujifque near Cape Verd, at great Sejire^ at Ardra, and ma-
ny other places in Guinie. 5. Fort Dauphin, and many other Foitrcffes
in the Ifland of Mz^^g<3f/c4r, called by them the Dauphin I/land. The
Iflands of St. Marie, Bourbon, and Diego Rois : The Bereaux, new Surait,
and other places in the Mogul*s Country. In the Kingdom of Tunquin^
at Siam, in the Ifland of Java, and in other places.

The Spaniards polTcfs thelargeft andbeft part of all America, where
they have a great number of Cities; 1. in Northern ^>wriw , New
Spain, where are the Parliaments of Mexico, Guadilair a ^nd Guatimala.Y -
the Iflands of Cuba, Hifpaniola, Boriquen, &c. be fides St. AujUns, and St.

Sditthervs'

2^4 Of the Eafi and, We fi -Indies •

Mjtthwi in Florida, and fome part of New Mexico. In the Southern
America., the Golden Caftile., otherwife called the Continent, where are
the Parliaments oiFanama, and of the new Kingdom oi Granada. Peru^
-where are the Parliaments oi Quito., Lima and de la Plata. Chili and
Paraguay, which compreherids the Country oi'Tucuma/) and dcla Plata,
The Iflandsalfoof S(?/owo/j in theSouth Sea. 3. All along the Coalt
oi jifrica upon the Sea (hore, Lirache^ Mi/wmsr^and the Canaries. 4. To-
ward the Eaft, moft part of the Pbilipine IJIands, otherwile called the
Manilks. They had alfo fome part of the M/lucqaes, but thefe they have
long (ince quitted.

The Portuguef's enjoy all theCoaft of Brafil in Southern America., and
all along upon that Coaft,the Captain(hips of Para, Maranhaon ; Ciara.,
B.io,Grande^Paraiba,'TarKaracha^Pernambuco^Ser?gfppe, Baia de T'odos los San-
tos, Los Jfl^os., Porto Seguro, Spirito Santo., Rio Janeiro, & SanVincente. To-
ward the mouths of the Amjzon River, Llhro, Corduba and Cogemine,
2. In Africa, upon theCoall of the Kingdom of Morocco., Mjza^an.
Some Forts upon the River of Sf. Dominic ; Upon the Coalls of Guiny.,
Congo and Angola ; and certain Habitations in the Jfland of St. Thomas.
The Azores, Madera, and Porto Santo. The IJlands of Cape Verd-, and cf,
the Prince^ Ffr/J4;j^/.» Poo, Annabyn,6cc. 3. Several places in the Eaji-ln-
dies., X II. Cafreria,' upon the Coift of Manamotopa, the Callle of Sofala,
fhe Village of Sent, a Factory with a little Fort at Cape C<jm«*e/,with
other flron^Houfcs upcuthe Entries of Guama, and thcflivers upon
the Coaft. !n 'Langueh.ir, which is upon the Coa/t of Melinda. The City
and Cafile of Mox^amhi que., with the ftrong Fort ofSt.Mark^:, Factories,
and fome little Forts at Avgoxa and ^mlimarre. The Caftle of ^iloa^
and a Fadioiy in the Ijl^nds Mcr.fia. The City and Caftle of Mombaze,
theCaftle of M^Iinda, with the Villages and Fadtories of Pale, and
yimpax.e. The Trade of the Coaft of y^/riw, from the Cape of Good-
Hipito tie Red- Sea. In the I/land Z'^cotcra, zt Adtn, Fartarch and P>al-
fara. In Perfia, Fadtories. and half the Cuftoms of the IJIand of Baha-
rem and Confue: the Trafikkto Fenderrich, to Cape Jafques and other
places. In Z«^a belonging to the Great M.igul, t>amaon, with the Forts
of St. John, Kielme, Matridiud Barampor. Becaim, the Fort Bandera^ other-
wife called Manora, the Village of lana fortihed with three Baftions:
the R"ck of Aiiertm, Ougueliupon tht Ganges ; the Trade of Agra,
Amadahat. Cambaye., Surat, Baroche, Bengula ; and in D^can thty have
Chard, with the Forts of M)rro, Caranga, the Village of Majfjgan. Goa
with herFortreffcs in the Country of Bardes, and the TJl/nds of Ccran
and D/t'jr, and fome other Lands about Go^. Upon the Coaft of C/;?/;:j,
Macao. In the Tfl.znd Solor., the Village and Fort of LareniLq-.'.e : The

Traffick

Of the Eafi a»d Wtft-hdies, 2 9 f

Traffick oiPerfia^ Golcoada Aracan Pfgu^Tanacerin, Lrgor^ Odia^ and other
Places of Siam, Camb.oya^ and the Ifland of T'lmor.

The Enrrjtjh have extraordinarily augmented their Territories in
Ammca. They Trade to, and poflTers all the Northweft part of America^
New-Tork^, NdV-Jerfy^ Penfilvafiia^ Miry-Land^ Virginia^ Carolina^ New
England^ moft part of thellle of N^w- found-land^ all Bermudas^ Long-
JJIand, Manhatten^ now Nexv~l[or\^ &c. Of the Lucaya Hies, as NeW'
Providence^ dec. Among the Southward Illes, Barbadoes^ Barhouda^ An-
guillaf part of St. C/;ri,'ii?/V;t>'/, Montferrat^ Meuvis^ Antigo^ Domhuco^ and
part of St. Vincent^ St. Kiiihcnne's IJIe^ called the Ifland of Providence,
j^jw^/cj, and Trinity 7p. 7he fldy point. They had ferae Colonies ia
Surcnam, Maroni^ Sinamari^ &c. with fome Forts upon the Coaft of
Guyana. In Ajricjy Tangier^ near the Smij;/;//. Fort St. Andrerv u^pon
the River of C(?w^itz. Fort St. Philips toward the Pviver St.Vominico.
Tagrin^ Aladrebomba^ Taxorari.^ Cap:', Corfo^ Emacbam^ or Nf [change^ and
other plases in Guinea, and the iiland of St. HcUens. Madrtfpatan^ and
Fort St.Giorgeupon the Coi^ oi Cormandel. The Iiland of Bombay^ An-
gediva. A Fa6i:oryat S'^rj/iand Bantam., with Houfes where the.Prefi-
dents live. They have alfoFadories at Jfpahan and Gombru^ where they
have half the Cuftoms : a Trade at /^gra, Amadabat., Cambaya^ Brodra^
Baroche., Vahul, Pettapoli; Maffipatan^ at Balafor^ Oguely., and at Vaca in
Bengal., at Prianam Siud Jamby in Symatra, In Siam^ Camboyay Tunquin,
and the Iiland Formofa.

The Hollanders were expelled out of their ISIexv- Holland in America.
However they ftill poffefs the lllandsof 5^ Euj}ace.,Saba,C^racco., where
they have the Fort Amfierdam^ and Tobage^ or Nevp Fluffing., if not late-
ly beaten out by the French. The City oiOro upon the hrm Land. The
Colonies of^ij Poamaron, where there is the New City of Middlebmg.^
and the Fort Nova HoUandia.^ Eio Ffcquebc, a wide and great River, at
whofe mouth lyeth three great lllands, viz,. Lttgetvaen., Magrieten., and
Parrots Ifland. Higher up the River are feven other lllands, and further
up the River is the Fort Kiick:ovcr-aII. Rio Vemarary., and River Barbie-
. zos. The Colony of Soronam , where is the Fort Pamaribo. The
River Caperrpaca., or j^pcrruvaca., and the River Winypoco., or Waia-
poco., and other places upon the Coart of Guyana, in Africa., Arguin,
and Goree.^ toward Cape Verd., where they have a Fort and Fadories at
Kufjfcjue., at Porto d'Ale, and Joal. Si. George of the Mine, the Fort of
the Mine, the Fort of W^{fj«, ot Moure., Cormentin., Axime, andBotroH
mGuuiy upon the Gold Coa ft. Many Forts in Congo., See. at the Cape of
GoodHipe., and at Ta^/e B^y two Forts more, in the' I (lands of A/^^:^^-
gafcar and St. Maurice. Upon the Coaft of Malabar finor^BaTcelor^Mangahr^ -

Caaanor^

2^6 Of theEift andWtjl'Indies. .

Can(imr^Crang<!r,oT^Qothin,Coulan, Upon the Coaft of Cormandel^Tuticonn^
Negapatan Karkalle.-dind Cneldresr.en FallecateJt) xhtlndian Peninfula be-
yond Ganges Mai acca.vf\ih. the Forts and Iflands belonging to it.In the
liland oi Ceylon, Ncgomb). Colombo^ Galle,BatkalojTrinqnilimalyyJafnipa~
tan^znd a Fortrefs called Blah^nburg in the Ifland of Manar. In the Ifland ,
of Java^ Jacatra. called Batav/a, and its Dependencies. The Ifle Amjlcr-
dam, Lcyderij Middkburg^ DJft^ Encbyfen and Horn. Thellle of Bima,
part of the Molucca Jjlands. Xn'ternaio^ thcFoxtsTacomtnayTalucco^ Ma-
laya^ and Gammalamme. In Motir^ the Fort of NaJJau: In Macaian,Tajfafoy
labiloila, Naflaqma^ otherwife Nahacaj and Maurice. In Bachianfiamma-
doft^zwA Laboiia. InGilolo^ Sabou^nd Coma. In the Ifland of Amboyna,
Coubella and Lovio. In the Banda I/lands^ Najfaw^ and Belgia in Nera.^ and
Revenge in Porpleway.The Redoubt Hittorv in the ifle Hitton?.\n the Ifland of
Sdor^Fort Henry Fort JanpauJam^oihtrwik. called Roterdam near the City
oi Macaffar. The Iflandsof .J^n/^and Bocon nezt Macajfar, with another
Fort in Timor, Part of the Southern Land, which is called New-Holland^
where lies Carpentaria^ the Lands of Viemens, Witz, Endracht^ Edds,
Levoin^ and Nnitz Several Fadi:ories in Perfia, as at Comhtn^ Congr^ and
Ifpahan. In the Territories of theGrea* Mogul ztAgra^ Amadabat,Cam-
baya^ Baroche ^ Surrat^Ogueliy Kafan^Bafur^Dacat Vatna, and Bipilipataa,
In Vecan at Finger la , in Coromandely at Tenega-patan^ at Goleonday
Majlipatanf Palicate, Vatfcheron^ and Bincola-patan. In Pc^w at y^vdf and
Sirtam. In ^/<jm at Odia. In the 7/7<?«i^ 0/ Sumatra^ at Tifo«, Priamam^ In-
dapout, Gihbar^Jambi^ PalimbaMf and other places. In the Ifland of Java
at B^«f<jwand jspatra. In the Ifland of Celebes ztManada znd Maeajfar.
The Trade of the JjZ^w^ 0/ Zocotora. Upon the Coaft oi Arabia, at Mfcc^.
-^£/e«, and Fartach. in the Iflands of Larckt Refem, and others near to
Ormns. At Porc^, and molt parts oi Malabar. At Orix^i in Bifnegar, in
Aratan^ in /^fg«. At Tanazerim.at Pera, at I^or, Pahan, Patane^ Singorat
JBordelong^Ligor,on the Coall oi MaVacha, AtTun]uin, Chincheo, and other
places ot Cif>//7<i : And at K/w^i in the Ifland of Borneo. At Nauguefegne near
Japan. And excluding all other Nations, they pretend to the only
Trade upon the Oriental Coait oi Sumatra , Japan^ Amboyna^ Balli, and
other places.

The Vanes have alfo Colonies in both the Indies. They have Neap
Denmark in the North :rn part of America. The Fort of Frederick^ Burghy
with three Baftioiw tlrat Command Cape Corfo in Guiny 5 and the Ca-
ftle of ChrijUansburgh in the fame Country in the Kingdom of Accata,
Krank^bary otherwife called Tramgo Bay, and Dansburgh upon the'Coafl:
oiCormmdeL

297

Of J^oney or Coin,

MOney commonly is the mean for all Commodities : it is the Si-
news and ftrength of a State, the Life and Soul of Commerce.
Geometricians fay, That two Lines equal to a third Line, are equal
ontsto another', io is Money a third Line by which all things are made
cqUal in Val ue, not Maieria prima, becaufe it fcrves actually to no Ufe,
but potentially to all.

Coin feemeth to come from the French;Coin^ a Cornerj for the An-
cienteft fort of Coin was cornered, not round.

The firft ufe of Money was to Supply every mans particular wants
by a Pledg thereof.

The moft Ancient Money was of the pureft Gold, becaufe it had
greatnefs of Weight, clofenefs of Parts, fixation, pliantnefs, orfoft-
nefs, immunity from Ruft,and Beauty or Colour. And the Alchimifts,
who have mort vexed that Body, fay, that 'tis harder to deftroy Gold,
than to make it. Silver is next to it, and is more dudile than any o-
ther Metal, except Gold.

The purenefs and finenefs of Money, and the weight, is obfervable,
for the intrinfick value thereof. The outward Form or Ghara(fier of
the Prince or State, for the'extrinfick knowledge of Money.

The intrinfick value of Money or Coin is fo much as there is pure
Gold or Silver in it, in finenefs and weight. As for Gold, it is divided
into 24 parts, called Carrats ; fo that when 'tis faid, Gold is 23 Car-
rats fine, there is a 2^th part of Allay mingled with it. Or it 2 2 Gar-
rats fine, then there is a 1 2th part of Allay, &c. The Ancient Standard
of Sterling Gold was in Edward the Third's time, 23 Carrats 3 grains »•
and one half of fine, and half a grain of Allay. Dr. Chamberlain in his
Prefent State of England faith, 'tis now 2 2 Carrats of fine Gold, and
2 Carrats of Allay. The Silver is 1 1 Ounces and two penny weight
fine, and 18 penny weight of Allay, which alfo agrees with what that
Author faith *tis now.

'Tis manifeft that the moft proper Meafure in Kature for Gold and
Silver, is weight ; and the Pradice of Antiquity doth confirm it j for
the Shekel, Mina, Talent, and Drachme, both of the Komani and Gre-
cians ^ were the names of feveral forts of weight.

Clq Of

i9^ ^/ MomyorCow*

Of tin V report ion between Gold and Silver.

This proportion mull needs differ in feveral times and places, accord-
ing to the fcarcity or abundance of thofe Metals-, and indeed I find much
variety amongll Authors, what it was amohgft the Hehrervs^ both as to
Times and Interpretations. Bodine alledges the fame places to prove,
that the Proportions were 25 for one, which other Authors do ayedge
to prove it to be above 45 for one j and others i o for one. 'Tis the ge-
neral confent, that in the times of the Flouriiliing of the Grecian Com-
monwealths, the Proportion of Silver to Gold was 1 2 to one. And
Livy tells us, that the JEtolians agreed with the Kowans to pay ten Ta-
lents of Silver, inftead of every Talent of Gold.

In France in the Year 1 6 14. the Proportion did arife to 13 , wanting
about a feventh part, to one of Gold.

In Germany in the Year id 10. the Proportion held 13. for onejforae-
times a little more, fometimes a little lefs.

The Proportion in Spain hath for a long time been as 12 to one.

Ii"j the Vnited Province f^ by the Placcard 1 52 2. it was about 12, and
two thirds fine Silver to one of Gold.

AndinE«i^/Win the i^th.Yecixo{Cl^Elizabeth^ the znckut Sterling
Standard of Gold and Silver was altered, and a pound of fine Gold
valued at 1 1 /. of fine Silver, and 7 j-, 10 <^.over. And in the Second
Jacobin the Proportion was 1 2 for one, but after raifed by Proclamation.
The Proportion was 13 /. of fine Silver to 1 /. of fine Gold, at 2 4Cai-
ratstothe Pound : afterwards I find it at 14 and one third*.

The raifing of the Price of Money both of Gold and Silver, as it hath
been ancient, fo it hath been a great Confufion and uncertainty among
Coins J for the As^ which was Originally coined of a pound weight by
the Romans^ was in the firft PunichJVar brought to two ounces,and the
lelTer parts of it were abated proportionably. By Tapirim it was redu-
ced to half an Ounce. The Denarii of Silver were at firfi: currant for
JO As^ at length reduced to a Drachma, which is 8 in the Ounce, and
the leiTer parts were abated in proportion. Afterwards it was worth
16 As. And their ^^o/z^/irf^/m. were coined of 48 pieces in the pound -;
and in the time of Jujiinian they wer.e 72 in the pound. And for fome
hundreds of Years mod Princes and States have vied one upon another
who (hall raife their Money higheft.

But as Money was firft invented and chofen to be the Inftrument of
Exchange and Meafure of all things, to avoid the trouble and charge-
able Carriage ofCominodities from one place to another : So was tx-

Of the^omznCoirt. 299

change of Money alfo firft devifed to avoid the danger and adventure
thereof from place to place.

By the Exchanges,all Princes Coins are brought into one and the felf-
fig^^uality and parity j for the real exchange is grounded upon know-
mF of the Part or Value for Value of the Moneys of each feveral
Coftntry according to their feveral Standards, abating or allowing ac-
corcTm^ tcT the Value, Weight, and Finenefs of the fame, and fo redi-
fyingboth the one and the other in equality and true value.

But though the intrinfick value be the principrl Rule by which Ex-
changes are fquared, yet there are many other Circumftances which
do vary and alter the Exchange : As the Plenty and Scarcity of money,
the Occafions and NecelTities of Princes ; the Trade and Commerce of
Merchants, whofe Eftates being continually traverfed from one Coun-
try to another, and from one Coin to another, do give and take as their
occafions and the Rules of ths Exchanges conduce to their profit.Hence
the Bankers in Italy^ SpMn^ and France^ being the great Takers and
Deliverersof moneys at their feveral places of meeting, do concur in
fetting the Kates and Prices of Exchange for their own Comrnodity
and Advantage, which are feen h varioully to alter, and daily to rife
and fall by thofe that ufe. this Myftery j fo that although i have given
the common Eftimate of Foreign Coins to the Standard of London^. zs
they are commonly valued, yet according to the Rules of Exchange
they will be very different.

Of the Roman Co'm.

H E General Names for Money among the Romans are three,

I. Moneta, Numus^ Tecmia^

Moneta^ (whmcc the French Monnoye) becaufe it (heweth the Author,
the Value, and the Time.

Numus^ox NummMs, faith Vcfms^ a Nnma, or rather of a Greek^Oicw
ginal ci/7319 T» fo^K, from the Law.

Pecunia, Either from the Images of Cattd ftamped upon it, or from
their skin out of which money was Coined.

TheNamesof the Brafs money among the Romans, were -^/, quafi
JE/,the twelfth part oisL Roman penny.valueof our rrioney 3 farthingsi
Sernis^ half an ^j ; Triens^, i third of an As ; ^adrans^ 1 fourth oS ao
As i Sextans^ i fixth of an Asj | of a farthing, &c,

Q, q 2 Roman

Hs oe-

^oo 0/ ^^^ Roman C^?/;?.

Ro^jflSihrer Coins were the Venarius^ the old in value at 8 ^. three
farthings j VtnariHs the new, in value at 7 d. half- penny. Sejhrtius be-
ing 2 and a half di]/?/, in value id. 3 farthings and a half. Bigatus, ~
drains i having the Image of a Chariot, the fame with a Roman new||
narius. Viclortatus the Image of Vidiory, called Q^inarius^ in value
3 farthings. LibeUa^the tenth part of the Rowa« penny, in value ^ far-
things. Obolus the fixthpart of the Roman Venari i ^. ^.

Of the Roman Gold Coins, there was the Amient piece or Conful^ —
of a / of Gold in value 17 /. 1^3 farthings. The Emperour's Coin
or Piece 5I of a /. of Gold, value 1 5 /. Half a Piece called Aurim
Vrachmalii weighing one Vracbme^ value J s, 6d. Tremijfis Triens^ or a
third part of the Emperour's Coin, value 5 /.

As to the Coins of Gold after the tranflating of the Seat of the Em-
pire to Byzantium, I hnd thefe; Conjfantiite Pieces of Gold, value ^ s.6d.
3 farthings and ~ Thefe were current until the days of Va-
lentinian^ who, as alfo Fii/ewj-, Arcadiuf, Hmorius and others, made their
Coin fomewhat heavier, but all diifer'd little in the weight of the!r
Coins > the Vakntinian Piece of Gold, called Scxtuluj^ was accounted in
value 10/.

The chkf Roman Coins valued with our Money, were the Talentum,
containing 24 Sejhrtia^ 6000 Roman pence, value iS? /. lo/. Then
theSeftertium^QOntzmm^ 1000 Sejierces, was valued at 7/. 16 s. ^ d.
Libra, velpendo, a pound, 12 ounces, p<S drams i -^ part lefs than the
Grecian pound, was in value 3 /.

According to this account I find Camillttshis fine, 500000 Pieces of
Brafs, was of our Money 15-62 /. 10 j. vide Liv.Lib. 6,

So RojfiHs the Stage-player, his 1000 Vmeers or Roman pence, his
daily reward, was 3 1 /. 5 /. vide Macrob. I. ^. c. 14*

thais's demand of Demofthenes, looco VeneerSy was 312./. 10 /,
2 $0000 Deneers the price ofC/cero*sHead to Antonius, was 7812 /. lo/.
At this Rate like wife was the Supper of Caligula, valued at 78 1 2 5 /,
And Julius Cafar gave unto Sevilia the Mother of Bruiui, a precious
Stone, which he bought 60 times, valued at 4^875 /. The Heap ot
Brafs money gathered by Curio the Son oi Valerius , viz. Sexeenties Sefier-
iiums, value 468750 /. Max, lib. p. c. 1.

JEfop the Tragedian Stage- player left unto his SonVucenties Sufierti-
urn, value 1 5<5x^'fe /.

And the Remains oi Crajf^s's Wealth- after the lOth. to Hercules,
and his Publick Treat of the People of ^owe, and had given to all the
Citizens 3 Months Com, vyere 7 100 talents^ value 133 1250 /.

The

Mofiey or Cow, jo i

The Koman Treafury taken from Captives and Enemies, began by
Julius C£far, was M/Uks Sefiertmmj which is i ooooo Thoufand Se(i^
or 1 Million lOO Moco. and in value of our Money was 781250/.

Emilius Taulut brought into the Treafury from the Macedonian Cap-
tives, Bis MiVies Centies^ that is, two thoufand hundred thoufand H. S.
or <.9f/Jfr/5 valued at 1(540525 /.

The Money which at tive Triumphs was brought unto Julius Cxfar
by the Captives, was Sexies, Millies Se(i. viz, fix Millions of Millions,
value at 4682 500 /.

Lentulus the Southfayer was worth before the Libertines impoverirti-
ed him, i^mter Millies Sefiertium, viz. 4000 hundred H. S. valued at
,3125000/.

Julius C£far in the beginning of his Confulfliip, took out of the Ca-
pitol 3000 /. of Gold, and put in fo much Brafs-money, valued at
108000/.

Anciochus to have peace with the Komans paid them 1000 T'alentr,
value 28 11500/.

And the Tribute laid upon the j^fians by Antonius was 20000 Ttjr-
/e«/j, value 37500000/.

Kormn Liquid Meafures Ifindrvere
Cochlear five • " ■ ■• • - ■ ■ 1 ■»

Ligulus «■"-— — ■ ■' - " ■■ " 4(5o8o»

Cyathos ■ ■ .^i >^ . . 11510

Acetabulum •»— — -i »■ ■■■>• . 7^80

^artariaj - ■ ■ ■< '■ ^ ••. 3 840

^ Hetninas ■■ — — — — i p2 o

Sextarios ■ ■ » ■ ■' p6o

Congios — — 1 60

Modius — — ■ . *- do

Vrna ■ ■ 40

jimphota — -^■- ■ ' — m 20

Cadus ' ■ " ■ ■ -i-— ■ .■.,.» 13I

Medimnus ^' - . > • 10 .

Caukus -^ •" ■ ■ ' »»— ■ » I

the Roman Meafures of Length noere,

jyigitus" - ■■ I i ^ ■ 80000

Pollex • ■■ — ^— i— »__— dooOG

p, JtheLefs — "—*• " 20000

302

0/ Money or Colnl

Pes —

Cubitus
Grejfus •
Palpus
Stadum —

MilUre —

5000

' 33353
•— — 2000

— 1000
8

Their Square Meafures were, i. ACtns minimus^ 4 foot broad, and
120 long. T'izi. 480 Square feet. 2. Clima^zho\xt dofeetSquare. 3. Porc^,
Apiece of Land 30 foot broad, and 120 foot long, containing 5<5oo
Square feet. 4. Adlus ^adratus^ half an Acre, or 4 Porcas, 5. Jugerumy
an Acre of Ground in length 2 40 foot, in breadth 1 2 o, which maketh
28800 fquare feet. 6. Centuriaj 100 Acres, or 1 1520000 fquarefeet.
7, Salmsi a Foreft or Land containing 4 Centuries, or 400 Acres,

A Table of the Roman Tomd.

Xjranum
Siliqua
Obulus

— 6 pi 2

— 1728

— ' 57^
Scrupulum «— 288

Drachma p^

Vficia '^-—^ 12

Or by another Au-
thor thus ;
Grains — — >- 5040
Oboles ' 5-04
Vitioriatos ~— - 1 68
Denarios • 84
Ounces — — --- — 12
L/^r^ I

As^ JJbra^ Pondoi Solidut '-, a Pound was 12 Ounces Ir^j/ weight :
So 1 alfo find)

Grains ■ • " ■ • • 825

Oboles —

Scruples
Drachms
Denarios •

— 3-7

^nd the Ronian Talent to he.

Mina
Libra
Ounces —

Penny-weights

Drachms

Scruples

- 1 500*^ the fame with
10500 the Hebrevp 125/.

l2COO\

3(5ooo^.

of Monty or Com* 305

Of the Grecian Coin.

Darius Stater, having the Image of Sagitarim^ containhig 2 Drams,
was worth 15 Shillings Englijh Gold.

The Stater oi Cizicus weighing 28 Vrams^ was in value i pound,
I (hilling.
^ The Talent containg 60 Mina\ and every Mina a hundred Drams ;
viz.. 6 thoufand Drams to a Talent^ was valued at 187 pound 10 (hil-
lings Sterling.

The greater 7'tf/e«/ of 8 thoufand Drams^ was valued at 250 pound
fierling^ (b was the "Talent of Egypt.

The Talent o( Babylon at 7 thoufand, was valued it 2 18 pound 15
(hillings. The Talent o( JEgina at 3 12 pound id (hillings ; and that of
Alexandrm containing 12 thoufand Drams ^ at 375 pound /?er//«g,

l%e Grecian Siher Coins.

The Stater oiUacedon was in value 2 /. $.d. farthing, and 2 thirds,
fterling.

The Stater oi Corinth, 1 s.S d.hdilf- penny fterling.

TheDi^r^c^w«wwiththe Image of an Ox, was in value i /. 3^.
Englifh.

The Drachma marked with Minerva*s Candle, weighing with the Ro-
man penny, value)?er//>7^ 7 d.^.

Of Grecian Dijlances:

The DaBylus or Digitus, a fingers breadth " ' p<^ooo

mhtugy^, the leffer Palm of four fingers breadth — — z+coo

-S/jif/^awe the greater Palme I2 fingers breadth 8000

Pes, 4. Palms 16 fingers, lefsthan the Koman foot by half 7 ^

an Inch, greater than the Hibrevo by one fourth S

The Cubits were of 3 forts, z/iz,. of 18, of 20, and of 247 4.00a

fingers in breadth ■ ■ J

T.heOrgya, Pajfus, apace 5 d foot 4 Cubits — - — lOOQ

Stradyum, Ordyjs, a furlong 100 paces, 400 cubits, doofeet • — ^ 8^
' Millare^ 8 Stradia or furlongs^ a Mile »_ ->• • ■," ■ .^^-^ i,

•504 ^f Money or Coin,

There was alfo the Tarafanga^ about twenty nine or thirty futlongs,
and the 5c/;<e««/ which fome naake to be fixty furlong';, others bi>C 32
furlongs.

The Grecian L^uui Meafures were^

The Amphora oi Attica^ containing 12 Choos<i 72 Ze^es or S(xtarios.
Chus^ or Cotigiuj^ is fix Sextams : the Amphores half of a Metreta.

Then there is the Cotile half a Sextaritti, the ^artarius a fourth of
aSextariuf, Oxtbaphum an eighth, Chyathos the ^, Concha the ^\ oi a
Stxtarius, Myfirum the ^, Chcmes the 55^ and Cochlear the 125 of a Sex-
tariuf.

Of the Grecian Weights.

The lefler T^/fM^ of fixty pounds, the Pound of twelire ounces and
a half,-the Ounce of eight Drachms, the Drachm of three Scruples,
the Scruple of two Oboles, one Obole of one and a half Lupine ; fo
that a hundred Drachms of Aitica are ninety fix of the Roman ; And
the lefler-pound of Jttica is but feventy five Drams, the greater hun-
dred : one pound of the greater is i| of the leffer, and the greater Tu'
Tm contain*^ So /.

The Thyjtch Weights mentiojied hy Diofcorides and

Galen.

The Mina or Pound of fixteen Ounces, and the Libra or twelve
Ounces, ninety fix Drachms, two hundred eighty eight Scruples, five
hundred feventy fix Oboles, and fix thoufand nine hundred and
twelve Grains.

The parts of a Pound were Sextans two Ounces, ^adrans three
Ounces, Tww/four Ounces, ^Icunx five Ounces, Selihra half a Pound,
Sextwix feven Ounces, B:s eight Ounces, Dodrans nine Ounces, ViX-
tans ten Ounces, Vemx eleven Ounces, d'c.

For /^e ffcbrew Coins ^ 6cc. See Jeruraleni.

305

Of the Coinf:, Weights and Meafures of the
Chief Cities in Europe.

Of Alicant.

ALieant , feated on the Miditerraman Shore, is a Commodious
Road for Shipping \ It affords Wines, Raifins, Licoris, An-
nifeeds, Hard Soap, SodaBarrilla, and Almonds.
TheCoins, are Livers^ Solds^ aiadPewifrj, 12 Vmiers vndikt
a Sold^ 20 Solds stiver, which is about 5 d.Sterl. here are alfo Rials
which they call Currant Money, a fingle Ri^/ being reckon*d above 6 d.
Sterling: the Currant Money is of lefs worth than Plate from 7 to l<5
per Cent, according to the Plenty or Scarcity of Pieces of Eight in the
Countrey.

The Weights are theC^r^o, Quintal and Kove of 24 /. being i8
Ounces; and the Kove of 3^/. being 12 Ounces: all grofs Commo-
dities are weighed by 2 4. /, to the Rove^ and 4 Koves to the ^intal^ and
2 ^intals and a half to the Cargo^ the ^intal p6 1, becaufe of 18 Oun-
ces to the Pound, make 10^ Engli(h.

Pepper, Cloves, all Spices, and other Commodities of Value, are
(old by the Rove of 35 /. being 12 Ounces to the Pound, whofe <^/«-
tal is 1 20 /. which is about 18 or 20 per Cent, lefs than the Englijh 1 12/.
Here the Rove or Cantar is a quarter lefs than at Cadiz, or Mallaga.

The Meafure is the ^<ir^, which makes 35 Inches Englijh and '.
>• The dry Meafure is the Hanague^ whereof five make 8 Bufliel Englijh.

The Wine Meafure. is the Cantar ^Vfhich. is about two Gallons Englijh.

Note that 1 2 Barrachilia's is a Chiaze^which is equal with 4 Hommckj
of Cadiz, or Mallaga.

Salt at a Rial a Meafure ; you are according to Cuftom to have one
Meafure for the Ships ufe without Money.

Of Amfterdam.

THIS City by reafon of its vaft Trade to Foreign Parts, affords
plenty of all known Commodities in the World ; the feveral
Commodities of Europe^ the Drugs, Spices and Silks oi Jfia^ the Pro-
du^of ^frica^ and the Riches of America*

R r Their

^o& Of Coins, Weights J and Meafnres,

Their Money or Coin is often inhanfed or debafed as they fee occa-
fion, but commonly is found to be the fame as in the account at Ant"
werp. Their Livre or Pound which is 10 s. Fkmi(h^ and 120 Stivers, -
makes a Pound of Grofs, and 10 Stivers or Solds lurnois makes a Gil-
der, which is commonly 2 /. Sterling •, and 6 Stivers is a Flcmijh Shil-
ling, an J 5 Stiverj is reckoned as much as 6 d. Sterling. Eefides thefe,
all Coins of Europe do here pafs currant, and are paid and received in
Merchandize according to their value. The Vuccatoons are equal to
10 Dutch Shillings, or 60 Stivers ; Patatoons are equal to 48 Stivers,
or 8 Vntch Shillmgs.

Their Weight is the Found of 1 6 Ounces^ 1 00 whereof makes their
^intal^ which makes at London 108, or icp /. neat.

Their Meafure is the E//, which is | of a Yard Englijh -, fo that 100
Ells makes at London 74 Yards, or 60 EUs and a half, fomefay 5^ EUs.

Of Antwerp, or Anvers.

TH E former and Ancient Trade of this City was as great and emi^
rent as now Amfierdam is.

Commodities here found, are Tapefiries^ Figures, Ccvctil Manufa-
Buries^ and other the Commodities of F/W£r/.

Their Accounts are here kept by Livres^ Solds and Beniers j which
they term Pound, Shillings and Pence of Groflfes ; i x Grojfes making
a Sold^ and 2 o Sold a Livre or Pound Flemijh.

The Currant Money here, as generally through all the Spanijh Pro-
vinces, are (befides the Spanijh and Imperial) Doits ; of which 8 makes
a Stiver, and 6 Stivers a Shilling Flemijh't and 20 Stivers makes a Gil-
der, 6 Gilders a Pound Flemi^ ; which is reckon'd for 1 2 j. Sterling,
and 20 /. Sterling for 33 /. 4. d. Flemijh ; but in Exchange 'tis fome-
times more than 3<5 s. Flemijh for a Pound Sterling.

Their Weight is the ^intal of 100 /. of i<5 Ounces per 1. which
makes at London 104. /.

Their Meafure is the Ell Flemifh, which is one fourth of a Yard En-
glijh, fo that 100 Ells Flemijh makes 60 Ells, or 75 Yards Englijh.

Corn is fold by a Meafure called the Vertule, whereof 37 and a half
makes a Laji at Amjierdam, -which is i o Quarters Engli(h.

Wine is fold by the Stoop, the Jme, and the Butt'j 50 Stoops; is one
Ame, and i^z Stoops is a B«» : the Stoop makes at London 7 Pfcts, and
the yiwc, 42 G<i]!/(?n/ Wine- meafure.

Of Coins y Weight Sy and Me afire si ^07

0/Bilboa.

BJlboa is a Town of great Trade, and much frequented by Mer-
chants ; Seated two miles from the Oceao : Its Commodities
are Fron, Chefnuts and Wool.

The Coins are the fame as ufed throughout Spain. Vide Madrid and
SeviL

As to their Weights, they make ufe of two Kintals^ the one being
100/. Subtle, which produceth at London ii i or 112 /. the other is
only proper for Iron, which makes at London 128 /.

Their Meafure is the VarCy of which 109 makes 100 Yards Enslijh.

Corn is fold by the Hanega, 5 whereof makes a Quarter Englijh.

Of Cadiz.

HERE their Weight of Gold is more than in Italy^ the ?/(?o/Ls-
ing two Grains heavier. To a Vobleon you mull: add 4 Grains ;
to a double Vobleon you mufi: add 6 Grains.

Of Copenhagen.

Copenhagen^ the Seat of the Vanijh Kings in Wjnter 5 Commodities
are Hides, Tallow, Stockfith, Armour, Cordage, Mails, Pitch,
Tar, Deals/ Wainfcot, Buck-skins and Salt-fi(h.

Coins here currant are the Dollars and Shillings ; 66 Shillings makes
a Kix- dollar, which is 5 Shillings Sterling,

They keep their Accompts by Marks of i<5 s. Banijh : and their Ex-
changes are made by Kix-Vollars., which is the currant Coin of the
Kingdom.

Their Weights are the great and fmall Hundred, viz,- one of 120/.
the other of 112 /. which are divided into 12 parts, or Stones, at
10 1, per Stone.

They have alfo a Skip-pound, which makes 32 Stone at 10 /. per
Stone, which is 320 /. or 20 Lis- pounds of 16 pound mark, is a
Skip-pound. And the 100 1. Englijh is found to be p2 at Copenhagen.

Their Meafures I find no- where certain •■> the beft that I can fix upon
iSj that 100 Yards Engli(h makes about 1^3 Ells there.

Rr 2 Of

308 Of Qoin^ Wtights^ unci Meafures,

Of Conftantinople.

CO/ijhntinopk is the Seat and Refidcnce of the Great furk^^ enjoying
the Advantages of the Enxine and Mediterranean Seas ; of which
'ris obferved, That the firll Emperor that Commanded it, was a Bald-
winy and a Baldwin that loft it. That a Conjianjiine built it, a Gregory
being Patriarch i and a Confiantine loft it, a Gregory being Patriarch :
And it was gained by Mahomet, and a Mahomet (according to the Turk/
Prophecy) ftiall lofe it.

The Commodities are Grograins, Camlets, Mohair, Carpets, An-
iiifeeds, Cottons, Galls, &c.

The Coins currant are Afpers, 80 whereof is accounted a Dollar,
and 120 Afpers to the Sultanies of Gold : a Rial of 8 and a half is a
Sultanie of God. The Lion Dollar at 75 Afpers. The German SeiimQ
at 70 Afpers. The Rial of 8 for 80 Afpers. Sometimes the Sultanie,
Hungar, or Chequin, is worth 10, 12, or 15 Afpers more than 80.
iftd in Merchandize it doth pafs for po, 100, or 1 10 Afpers.

Theienot tells us, that the Afpers are little pieces of Silver ftampt with
the Grannd Signiors Name, and are worth about 8 Deniers, or 3 Far-
things a-piece. The Ifoleite is worth 55 Afpers. The Jjfanies, or
German Rix-Dollar, is worth 80 Afpers. The Piaftre or Picade of
58 Sulsy is commonly worth po Afpers, fometimes but 80. And
then the /^(fanie is worth but 75 Afpers. The Turkjjh Chequin is
■worth 2 Viafters, The Venetian is worth 1 o Afpers more. And that
a Purfe contains 500 Piajlers^ or 45000 Afpers.

The Confer, which is i-yO Rottes^ the Rotte is 12 Ounces, the Ounce
12 Drachms, the Drachm is i<5 ^irats^ the ^irat is 4 Grains. The
Oqne contains 4C0 Drachms, I7<5 Drachms is a Lodero, and 100 Lo-
deroes is accounted to be 42 Oqites^ and called a Q^intar , or Cantar^
which is 120 1. Englifh.

Silk is fold by the Baleman, which is fix Oakj^ or 16 I. and one
third Englijh -, but weighed by the Lodero^ 1 3 Loderocs^ and i J 2 Drachms
makes a Baleman.

The Mitigal, or Midical, is i Drachm and a half, which is 24 Kil-
rats, 20 M/>?^^/x of Gold is 3 Ounces Englijh. ^ The C%w«, Sultanie,
or Hungar ^ is 18 Kihts.

The Meafure is the Picosy one of Cloth, 4 of which makes three
Yards Englifh^ and is about 26 Inches and a half.

The Second is tlie Grogram or Chamlet Pico^ containing 24 laches,
^4 whereof makes 1 6 Yards Engltjh.

Corn

Of Coift, Weights, and Meafares, 309

Corn is fold by the /C/i/W, and weigheth about 20 Oa\s •, and eight
Killowsand two thirds is a London Quarter.

Wine and Oyl is fold by the Miter^ which makes 8 Oakf^ and is about
two thirds of a Gallon EngUf^j.

Of Cracovia.

CKacovia^ tho the Metropolitan City of Poland^ yet of fmall account
in Trade.

Its Coins are the Gold Ducat, of the fame value of the HmgariaH
Ducat. Grofzes, Orts, and Rix-dcllars, 18 GrofzmakeanOrt, 30
Grofz make a Gilder or Florin, 6 Gilders make a* Ducat, 5 Orts of
iSGrofz makes a Rix-dollar, and 4 Orts of 22 and a half Grofz
makes a Rix-dollar, which in Specie is worth 40 Polifij Grofz, but in
Buying and Selling it is accounted 3 6 Grofz. They make Contracts
by Silver Gilders or Florins, but no fuch real Coin.

The common weight is the pound, 13 d whereof is accounted a
Quintar, which makes in London 114 pounds circa ; and the 100
pound of London hath yielded here about 120 pound.

The Meafureof Length is the Ell, which is half of theEngliJh Ell,
but their Linnens are fold by the Shock, which contains 5-7 Ells and a
half Englijh.

Of Dantzick.

DAn\zk\^ Seated about an E«^//'/^ Mile from the F^//icJ^ Shore, on
the River Vijiula; the faireftCity, and greateft Trade of any in
Truffta. Her Commodities are Wheat, Rye, Oats, Pot-afties, Clap-
boards, Oats, Flax, Hemp, and Canvas.

Their Coins are Dollars, Gilders, Grofz., and Pence. The Rix-
dollar is worth QO Grofz, which is commonly valued at 4 j. <5 d. Ster-
ling. A Gilder is worth 30 Grofz, and 18 of their Pence makes a
Grofz. So that a Gilder is about i f. 6 d. Sterling.

They keep their Accounts by Gilders, Grofz, and Pence. And they-
reckon one great Mark is 2 Po///^ Gilders, and one PoUJh Gilder is
worth two kiTcr Marks, one lefl^^r Mark is worth 15 Grofz, and the
Grofz is 18 Pence. And a Grofz is worth 2| of a Farthing Sterling.

Their Weight isthe Pound, whereof i 16 I. zxLondon makes loo/,.
There is alfo theSkippoundjand the Lis-pound^ id or i4.Markr pound

-3 lo Of Coins ^ Weights^ and Meafures.

is one Lis-pound, and 2oLis-pounds makes one Skip-pound by the
fmall Stone of 24 /. But there is a great Stone to weigh grofs Wares
of 34. /. whercot 10 /. to the Skip-pound of 340 /.

Their Mcafure for Length is the Ell, loo Ells whereof makes in
London about 4p Ells.

The Mcafure of Beer is the Fat, which contains 1 80 Stoops.

The Meafurc of Corn is the Laft, which contains 60 Sheffels, 5^
whereof makes a Lafl in Jmfierdjm, or ic Quarters and a half Englijh.
And 4 Sheffels make one Mud, which is the Shippuund of 34/.

Of Florence.

Florence is Seated on a Fruitful and Pleafant Plain, near the Conflu-
ence of the River /^r/70 and C/jwn/, iirft built by 5y//j, made a Co-
lony by the Triumviri ; razed by the Lombards^ Rebuilt by Charles the
Great', bought its Liberty of Kodolphus ], andlaftly. Subject to the Me-
t/ice/, now Dukes of Florence.

The Commodities that this City producethjare the produd of the
Dukedom, viz. Wines, Oyls, Silks both raw and wrought into feve-
ralFabricks, as Taffaties, Sattins, Velvets, Pluflies, and Grograms.
The Coins here currant are Ducats of 7 Livres /?cr Ducat, which is
reckoned for 5 x. 3 ^. Sterling. The Livre is 20 Solds, which is valued
p d. Sterling. The Livre fl alfo divided into 12 Craches^ whereof 8 is
a Julio, which is 6 d. Sterling 5 5 Quatrinsis aCrach, and 60 Craches
makes a Livre.

'I hey keep their Accounts generally in Livres, Solds, and Dcniers,
1 2 Deniers to a Sold, and 20 Solds to a Livre.

The Weight is the Quintal, or 100 /. of 12 Ounces to the Pound,
which 100 makes at London 78 /.

The Meafure is the Brace, and 4 Braces is a Cane, and 100 Braces
are found to make 48 Ells and a half, or 60 Yards and a half.

Wine IS fold by thcCogno^ which is 10 Barrels, each Barrel 40 Me-
tadels, or 10 Bottles, and the Barrel is to weigh 120 /.

Oyl is fold by the Orcio or Barrel, and contains 32 Metadels, which
(hould weigh 85 /.

Wrought Silks are here fold by t'.£ Pound for Livres, and not by
Meafure.

Of Corns, Weights, and Meafares, } it'

- Of Frankford.

FRranhford is a Free City, Famous for the Election of the Empe-
rors, as alfo for two Fairs or Marts for Books, Annually kept,
the one in Lent, the other in September. ^ -

The Weight is the Pound of 1 5 Ounces , of which there is three
Quintals, the one of loo /. for fine Goods, the other of 120 for
grofs Goods, and the third of 1 32 /. for Food ; the 100 /. makes at
London 1 08 /, , • .

The Meafures of Length are two, one for Linncn, the other for
Woollen, both Ells differing about two per Cent. lOO Ells whereof
make at London about 48 Ells.

Of Genoua.

THIS City is Inhabited by the greateft Money- Mongers in Europe..
Their Coins here currant are Deniers, whereof 12 make a Sold,
4 Solds a Chavalet, 5 Chavalets, or 20 Solds , a Livre , which is 1 j.
4 d,. Sterling, po Solds makes a Crown of Gold, a Ducat in Silver

is 4 Livres. 1 t^ . r»

They keep their Accompts by Livres, Solds and Deniers. 20 De-
niers is a Livre, and 5 Livres a piece of Eight. Here note, that a piece
of I currant Money is worth but p6 Solds. But St. Georgej weighed
1C4 Solds.

Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces, and 2 5 Pound is a Roue,
6 Roues is a Kintal 5 and 1 00 /. Genoua is 7 o /. | EngUJh ; and i Pound
Englifh is 1 7 Ounces Genoua 5 and 112/. Englip is 58 /. Genouji. And
the Quintal is 100 Rotelles, which makes 150 fmaller Pounds, and is
106 I. Erglijh. The grofs Quintal of 1 50 /. is of 18 Ounces to the

Pound.

The Meafure is the Cane, which is of two forts, one for Silk, which
is of 9 Palms, whereof 100 makes 26 Yards Englifh-, the other for Lin-
nen and Woollen is of 10 Palms,and makes 2 | Yards English.

Wine is fold there by^the Miferold, whereof 5 makes a Botta di-
mina, and two Barrels makes a Miferold, which is 100 Pints.

Oyl is fold by the Barrel, 14 whereof makes a Tun of 236 Gallon*
to the Tun.-

312 0/ Cow, Weight Sy a?jd Meafires,

Of Hamburgh.

HAmhurgh is a Free City of the Empire, enjoying the Priviledgeof
a Hanie-Town ; the Haven is guarded with an Iron Chain, the
City adorned with nine Churches, a Senate-Houfe, and Exchange.

The Merchants Exchange here for London by the Pound Sterlings
for other places upon the Rix-dollar, at 54 Stivers.

A Dollar is here faid to be worth 3 Whit-peiice, one Whit-penny
is worth 18 Shillings, one Shilling to be 12 pence, and one Penny two
Hellers. A Mark is 16 Stivers, and 7 Marks and a half is 20 /. F/e-
mijh.

Their Weight is the Pound, 120 whereof is their Quintal, and
makes at London 107 or lop /.

The Meafure is the Ell, 100 whereof makes at London 48 Ells and
a half, and 100 Yards at London makes about 162 and a half, or 153
Ells.

Corn is meafured by Schepel , po making a Lafl, and 83 Schepels
is I o Quarters Englifh.

Of Legorn, or Livorn.

Commodities are Oyls, Wines, Silks raw and wrought, Anchoves,
Annifecds, Rice, Argal, with other Italian Commodities.

Coins are Quatreens, 5 whereof make one Scratch or Craca ,
1 2 Scratches or Craca 's is one Livre, which is p d. Englifh^ 8 Craca's
is one Julio, which is 6 d. Lnglijh^ 6 Livres or p Julio's is one Dollar,
which varieth according to the Exchange ; 7 Livres is a Ducat, which
is 5 X. p d, Englifh, And 7 Livres | is a Scudoe , or Crown D'oro,
which is 5 i-. 7 d.l Sterling.

The Accompts are kept in Dollars, Solds and Deniers, 12 Deniers
to a Sold, and 20 Solds to a Dollar. Charges of Goods are kept in
Livres, Solds and Deniers, and brought into pieces of 1 1 5 Solds per
piece, which is called fhort Money, of which 5 Livres and 3 quarters
is a Dollar, and 6 Livres or 120 Solds makes a Dollar, which is called
Long- Money. Exchanges are with London for $6 s. d. per piece.

Marfeilles for 60 Surneife per piece. Naples Ducats p2 for Pieces

100 Venice Ducats Debank, 1055 for Pieces 100. with Solds, 113 for a
Dollar.

Cem-

Of Co'm^ Weight Sy and Meafares. ^ i j

Commodifies fold by the Pound 12 Ounces. All forts of Silks in
Julios, Cloves, Cinamon, Indigo, Cochineal, Storax , Benjamin
Manna, and all other Drugs in Livres. Jf^w^j Hides, in Solds.

Commodities fold by the Kintal ; Pepper, finamon Caffia, Lig-
num, Nutmegs, Wax, Tinn, in Ducats. Gotten- wool, Cotfen-
yarn, Ginger, in Ducats ; Gawles in Livres. Commodities fojd by
the 1000 /.

Lead, Campeach, Faxumbuck, in Ducats 5 Pot-a(hes in DolUrs,
Sugars of all forts by the Kintal of 1 5 1 Vound in Scudoes or Crowns.
Newfound- Land- Fi(h by the Kintal of 160 I in Julio's 5 Herrings By
the Barrel, and Pilchards by the Hogfhead in Dollars,

Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces, of which 15 and a half
makes the Pound Englifh, fothat their Quintal of 100 /. is 77 /. three
Oune* I Enghffr^ or 145 /. there , is 112/. Englijh: By a late Ac-
compt I find that their Kintal of 100/. makes 76/. Englijh., and 148/.
there,is about 112 Englifh i and that their Kintal of Sugar is 151 /. a
Kintal of Fifti 160 of their Pound.

The Meafures of Le^rn^ 4 Braces makes a Lane, which is 2 Ells
Englijh j 8 Braces is 5 yards Englijh.

The Quintal of Allom is 130 /. which makes 100 /. 6 Ounces {
Englifh.

The Quintal of Wool is 160 I. and makes 123 /. | Englijh^
Corn -Meafurc is a Stax, 3 Staxes is a Sack, 8 Sacks, or 24 Stars,
is Moggio. A Stax, if the Corn be good, will weigh 50 1. Englijh^
3 Sacfes and three quarters makes the Englijh Quarter. 63 Mina's at
Genma makes 100 Sacks at Legorn^ and 12 Mina's makes a Tun of
40 Bufhels Winchcfter Meafure.

Wine is fold by the Coyno, which is 10 Barrels, one Barrel is
20 Flask, and 2 Mettidals is a Flask. .. -

Oyl is fold by the Oxcio or Barrel, and ftiould weigh § 5 /. and hold
32 Mettidals.

Coxal and Colchefter Bays are fold by the Cayne in Livres, Serges
and Perpetuanbes, Sayes, &c. are fold by the piece for Dollars.

Of Lions.

Lions is feated upon the Conflux of the Kofne and Soane^ is famous
for its Trade of Silks, and for Exchanges. Their Coins currapt,
and Accompts keeping, are the fame with Parif.

For vVeights, I find three forts, viz. The King's weight, the Towns
weight, and the Sills weight.

S f The

314 Of Coin^ Weights^ and Me afttres.

The Town-weight is lOO /. of 1 6 Ounces, which maketh at London
96 I.

The Meafure is the Ahie, 7 whereof makes in London p Yards, fo
that 'tis about a Yard and quarter at London,

Of Lisbon.

Commodities are, Honey, Wine, Oyl, Fruits, Fidi, Salt, white
Marble, Allom -, and betides Drugs, Spices, Cottons, Callicoes,
Precious Stones, Silks, and other Eaft-lndia^ Perfia, Arabia^ and China
Commodities.

Coins are a Vintin, which is 20 Res, or 5 d. Sterl. A Rial, which
is 40 Res, or two Vintin, 6 d. Sterl. A Teflon is 100 Res. 400
Res is an Old'Crufado or Crown. 500 Res is a New CruflBo or
Crown. ^00 Res is a Piece of Eight. looo Res is a Mill Rea.

Weights are J 6 Ounces to a Pound. 32 Pound is a Roue. 4 Roues
is a Kintal, 54 Roues is a Tun. This weight is 2|, or 3 per Cent,
greater than the Englifh. The Quintal, whkh is of two forts, the
greater Quintal, whereby they weigh Sugars and all Spices, except
Pepper and Cinnamon, is divided into four Roues, each Roue being
32 /. which is 128 /. at 16 Ounces to the Pound, and is bigger than
the Ew^/?/& hundred by I <5 /.

Pepper is fold by the Quintal of 121 /. which is juft our Hundred,
and Cinnamon by the Quintal of 1 28 1. Englj(h.

Meafures are of two forts, the one is the Vare for Linnen, -Silk, or _
Stuffs > and in meafuring, to every Vare is given an Inch; fo that the
Vare is 42 Inches and three quarters, which is almoft an Ell Englifh,

The other, called the Coveda , maketh three quarters of a Yard
Englifh, and to this there is no advantage given.

Meafure for Corn is the Alquier, three of which makes a Buihel of
W^irtck/fer Meafure, and 5 of the Alquiers makes theHanaque, 15 AU
quiers makes a Tun of Brifiol Water- meafure, 60 Alquiers makes a
Moy of Salt. 100 Moysof Salt is 33 Weys Englijh, 3 Alquiers makes
aBuQiel, 13 Chants makes an AUrouden, and 52 AHmudens is a Tun
of Wine.

Of London.

WHEN Julim Cafar firft entred this Ifland, certain Iron Rings
were currant inftead of Money > afterwards the Romans
brought in theUfe of Gold, Silver, and Biafs Coins,

Of Cow f Weis^hts^ and Meafires, 2i^

In the time of Richard ih^ Firft, pure Money was Coined in the Eail
of Gfrw^wy, whereof fome of fhofe Eafterlings were Tent over for, and
employed in his Mint ; from thence our Money was called Eajierling^
or Sterling^ Money, as fome think 5 hut others fay, of the Saxon word
Ster^ weighty.

The Coins here, and throughout all England^ as well Gold as Silver,
arc feveral, and of a different value, but all reduced to Pounds, Shil-
lings, and Pence i all Coined of Gold and Silver •, only in relation to
the Neceffityof the Poor, and Exchange of great Money, s^ fmall piece
of Brafs, called a Farthing, or fourth part of a Penny, hath been per-
mitted to be Coined, but no man enforced to receive it in piy for
Rent or Debt, which cannot be faid of any other State or Nation in
the world befides. Four Farthings make a Penny, ix Pence a Shil-
ling, and 20 Shillings a Pound Sterling.

No Monies in any Mint are made of pure Gold and Silver, becaufe
they are too flexible, and therefore allayed with Copper. The Stand-
ard of Crown Gold is 22 Carrats of fine Gold, and twoCarrats of
Allay in the Pound-weight Iroy^ which is divided into 44 parts and a
half, each part is to pafs for 20 x. and the half part for 10, which is
44 /. 10 /. the Pound Troy. The Allay of fome Gold Coins is all Sil-
ver, as the Guinea Gold, which renders the Gold Coins fome more
white, fome more yellow. The Standard oi Sterling Silver is 1 1 Ounces,
and 2 penny- weight of fine Silver, and 18 penny-weight of Allay of
Copper out of the fire; fo that 12 Ounces of pure Silver without any
Allay, is worth 3 /.4 /. 6 d. and an Ounce is worth 5 s. 4. d. half-
penny, but with Allay it is worth but 3 /. and the Ource 5 /.

Of Weights there are two forts ufed throughout all England^ viz*
Troy Weighty and Avoirdupoife Weight,

r Pound Troy *) f 1 2 Ounces.

IThe Ounce
Penny weight

20 Penny weight.
24 Grains.

TheMonyers divide the<{ Grain }>into'{ 20 Mites.

Mite
Droite
. Perit

24 Droites.
20 Per its.
L24 Blanks.

'Tis alfo divided into 2 4 parts, which are called Carrats, To that
each Carrat is 10 pennyweight Troy., orhalf an Ounce. And this Car-
rat is divided into four parts, which are called Carrat- grains i fo that
the Carrat-grain is two penny weight and a half,or 60 ordinary Grains^,

S f 2 fo

mce, C
nd. J

^ t6 0/ Coirty Weights, and Meifttrts\

fo there are 480 Grains in the Ounce, and 57<5o Grains in the Pound.
By this weight arc weighed Pearls, precious Stones, Gold, Silver,
Bread, and all manner of Corn and Gjain, and this weight the Apo-
thecaries do or ought to ufe, tho by other Denominations their leaft
weight is a Grain,

20 Grains 1 r a Scruple, "^9

3 Scruples V 1 Ja Dram,

8 Drams C ' jan Ounce

12 Ounces 3 expound. J Ife

'Avoirdnpoife Weight \sxtA\xQC^ intofeveral Denominations, wt.Tuns,
Hundreds, Quarters, Pounds, and Ounces 5 fo that

1 6 Ounces 2 C a Pound,

28 Pound C '^^j^^g ^a Quarrer,

4 Quarters C ^a Hundred, or 112/.

20 Hundred J C^a Tun.

By this weight are weighed all Grocers Ware, FIe(h,Butter,Cheefe,
Iron, Hemp, Flax, Lead, Steel ; alfo all things whereof comes wafte.
All Meafures in Ew^/^w^are either Applicative, or Receptive.
The fmalkft Applicative Meafure is a Barley Corn, whereof,

3 In Length 1 fan Inch.

12 Inches j j a Foot.

3 Foot

I Yard and a quarter |

1 Foot and a half 1

2 Cubits j* makes ^ a Yard.

a Yard,
an Ell.

a Cubit.

5 Foot

6 Foot

1(5 Foot and a half
1 4. Perch j

a G. ometrical Pace,
a Fathom.

a Perch, Pole, or Rod.
a Furlorg

8 Furl, or 3 2 o Perches j |_ a Mile Eitglifl}.

So that a Mile, according to the Statute of Hjwry the Seventh, ought
to be 63360 Inches, 1760 Yards, 1056 Paces, 320 Pole, or 5280
Foot, that is, 280 Foot more than the Italian Mile j 60 Miles more
exactly, 6p and a half, makes a Degree, and 360 Degrees, 012^020
Miles compafs the whole Globe of the Earth,

Re-

of Com J Wei^hts^ and Mt afire si ^if

Receptive Meafures are two- fold : Firft of Liquid or moift things:
Secondly, of dry things, whereof about a Pound Avoirdupoife make a
Pint,

2 Pints

2 Quarts

2 Pottles

8 Gallons

2 Firkins

2 Kilderkins, or 32 Gallons

p Gallons

2 fuch Firkins, or 18 Gallons

2 fuch Kilderkins>or 3 <5 Gallons

1 Barrel and half, or 5 4 Gallons
2"* HogQiead

2 Butts, or 2 Pipes

^ makes <{

'a Quart,
a Pottle.
a Gallon,
a Firkin of Ale.
a Kilderkin.

Barrel of Ale.

Firkin of Beer.

Kilderkin.

Barrel of Beer.

Hogftiead.

Butt or a Pipe.

Tun.

Confifting of 1728 Pints or Pounds; and a Barrel of Butter or Soap
is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englijh Wine-meafures are fmal-
ler than thofe of Beer or Ale, and hold proportion as four to fii'e ; fa
that four Gallons of Beer-meafure are five Gallons of Wine-meafure,
and each Gallon of Wine is eight Pound T'roy weight 5 fo that a Kound-
Ict of Wine holds eighteen Gallons, half a HogQiead thirty one Gal-
1 ons and a half, a Teirce of Wine holds forty two Gallons, a Hogfhead
iixty three Gallons, a Punchion eighty four Gallons, a Pipe or Butt a
hundred twenty fix, and a Tun two hundred- fifty two Gallons, or
two thoufand and fixteen Pints.

Dry Meafures are thofe in which any kind of Dry Goods are mea-
fured , as Corn , Coal , Salt, &c. of which there is the Pint ; two
Pints make aQaart, two Quarts a Pottle, two Pottles a Gallon, two
Gallons a Peck, four Pecks a Bufhel, four Bufhds a Comb or Cur-
iiock, two Combs a Quarter, four Quarters a Chaldron, five Quarters
a Weigh, ten Qairters a Lafi or Weigh, which contains 5120 Pints;
where note, that the Corn Gallon is bigger than the Wine Gallon,
and lefs than the Ale or Beer GallQn, and is in proportion to them as.
33 to 28 and 35, and is counted 8 pounds Troy '^vcl^ht.

2iS Of Coin, Weights, a»d Meafires,

Of Lubeck.

IT S Coins currant are the Rix-VoVars, worth 48 Sthen ; the Mer-
chants VoVar at 33 Stiversy the Slecht-Voliar at 32 Stivers^ the Mark
at 1 5 Stivers., thcGuld is one Mark and S Stivers ', the Realls 2 Marks
and 1 4 Stivers, and 5 of their Stivers is 6 d. Sterlings and one Stiver is
1 2 Fenning.

Their Weight is the Pound, of which is made a Ccwfner and a Schip-
pound, one Schip- pound is 20 Lis- pound, or 2 80 /. i Centner is 8 Lis-
pound. A Tun of Salt is 20 /. A Stone of Flax is 20/. A Stone of
Wool is 10/. one Pound is 16 Ounces, or 32 Lodt.

Their Meafure is the Ell, 8 whereof make in London 5 Yards.

M-

0/ Madrid. '

\Adridy the Court of Spain^ and greateft Village in the World :
^ , J. The Coins here, are the general Coins of Spain^ viz,, the Vucat^
which is 375 Mervedes in Exchange, and is called by fome the Voblon
of Ca^ile. The Ca(liliano which is worth 485 Mervedes.

The Florin of Caliile worth 26'^ Mervedes.

The Spanijh Ducat hath eleven Kials of Plate, and a Rial is 34 Mer-
vedesy a Ducat is generally valued about y /. ^ <i. Englijh, and the Kwi
at 6 pence.

0/ Malaga,

M.^/4^<«, Seated on the Mediterranean, abounds in Raifins and Wine.
Their Moneys are general with all Spain.
They generally keep their Accompts in Beillon or Brafs money, by
Rialsy Vnckfts and Mervedes. 3 4 Mervedes make a Rial of Beillon^ which
according to the Law of the Kingdom (hould be worth 50 in the Hun-
dred lefs than a Rial of Plate or Silver, upon the accompt 1 00000
Maravedis are worth about 61 I. Englifh. But becaufe the Silver Coin
in Spain is now Cent, per Cent, better than the Money of Be/il/o;;, which is
moft part of Copper, 100000 Maravedis is worth but half of that Mo-
ney : So that Beillon is not intrinfecally worth fo much as the Prince
puts upon it.

Their

of Coin ^ W eight Sy and Meafisres, J 19

Their Weight is the ^intal or C. which they divide into four Kows
or Parts of 2 5 /. at 16 Ounces per pound , each Ounce contains
16 Drachms, each Drachm 28 Grains ; and this ^i«f^/ or C. makes
in London 106 AverdupoU,

Their Meafure is the Fare^ of 32 or 38 Inches EngUfh.

Wine-meafure is a Roue, which is divided into eight fmall Meafures
called Sombref, and is in England four Gallons, and 2 5 of thefe fill a
Pipe, which is a hundred Gallons Englifh.

Oyl~nfieafure is the Roue of 2 5 /,

Dry- meafure is the Hjncqne, which is divided into two AlmodeSy
making one Bulhel and a half in weight by heap 14.4. /. by Strike,
^p 1. Englijh.

Meffena Weighs and Meafttres.

TWelve Ounces is a Pound by which Silk is fold. 2 Pound \ makes
zKottela 100 pound , that is between 70 and 71/. Englijh^ and
100 Rottelas makes a common Cantar^ which is 176 /. Englijh.

Of its Meafure : 8 Palmes makes a C<a«e, which is reckoned 2| yards
Englijh, but found above 84 Inches.

Coins are, 20 Grains, or 2 Carleens is a tarrie, which is 5 d. Ster-
ling, ^o Tarries make an Ounce, which is 12 s,6 d. Sterling. 1 1 Tiir-
ries is a Crown, or Scudo, which is 5 j. Sterling. 1 1 Tdrr/w is com-
monly reckoned a PoiI/<ar, as Exchange.

Accompts are kept in Ounces, Tarries and Grains, 20 Grains to a
Tarrie, and 3 o Tarries to an Ounce. Perpetuanoes are fold by the piece
for Crowns. Cloth, Bays, &c. by the Cane for Tarries. Pepper,
Indigo, by the Cantar, for Ounces. Lead and Iron by the Cantar for
Crowns. And Silk of all forts by the Pound, for Tarries.

0/MiIIain.

THEIR Currant Money are the Imperial Coins v other Coins, as
Spanifh , French and halian^ pafs here in Merchandize. The
Crown of the Gold of the Sun is worth ^6 or 5)8 Sol j the Ducat of
Gold is in Circa a hundred Sol j the Ducat Imperial is valued at four
Livres', a Crown of Gold Italian is five Litres and fix Sol Imperial 5
and the Crown paffeth in Commerce for a hundred and ten Solsy and
the Ducat for as much.

Weight

^iO Of Coin y Weight Sy and Meafures,

Weight is the ^intal of a hundre^J pound, Which makes at London

feventy pound.

Meafure is the Brace , a hundrsd whereof makes at London forty

three Eils.

0/ Mar fellies .

AT Marfeilles the loo pound is in Engtrjh 88 /. 5, and S Palmt
makes a Cane, which is 2 Yards I Englijh, The Mnld of Corn
is 6o Bulhels, or 7^ Quarters Englifh,

Of Mofcow.

THeir Coins a^c the Cuppeck^, (en whereof make a Gnven, and ten
Gnvcns is a Kuhle, which is about 8 /. Sterling, by fome 10 /.
Sterling. There is alfo the Altine , by whicli name all Receipts and
Payments are made, 33 whereof, and one Crapeck^, makes a Rubble^
which is an Imaginary Coin, and not Real-, 3 Cuppcch^ makfr'an
yilthie. ^ _ ' -^^rjivs:^

Weight is the Zelotneck^, of which niticty lix make a pound, ^ fotty
pound ^Poad, and ten PW ^Bercovet'-, fo their Pood is thirty -five
pound Eng/ifh. ^} y^

Meafure is called an Archine, which is about 27 Inches in Cifea, IB
that a hundred Archines are found to make about feventy five Yards
Englijh*

Of Napks.

THeir Commodities are Wines, Oyl«, Silks raw and wrought,
SaffroUj Almonds, Argal, Brimftone and Annifeeds.
Their Coins are, fix Cavals, or Cavallaf, makes a Turnefej two 7«r-
mffei a Grain, ten Grains a Carline, two Carlims ^ Tarrie, and 5 7ar'
ties a Ducat 5 which is 5 j. Sterling. / ;'• ' ^; -*^'

Their Weight is a pound of twelve Ouiites, Which makes eleven
Ounces I E/;^/i/fc, or 5^, fo that a hundred pound there produceth
7 I pound Englifh. A VoUar is valued at p6 Grains according to Ex-
change. 6 Ducats make an Ounce, by which the Cuftoms are rated.
All Goods paying pi Grains per Ounce, according to the value. Ac-
compts are kept in DucatSj Tarries and Grains, 20 Grains to a Tarrie,
and 5 Tarries to a Ducat.

The

Of Coin J Weights J and Meafureti J2i

The Rotuh is thirty three Ounces and a half, a hundred Kottelloes is
the Cantar of 277 /. which produceth ip6 I. at (ixteen Ounces />er
pound in London.

Oyl is fold by the Salmo, five and a half is reckoned for a Tun,
which is 2 3 <5 Gallons Englijh.

0/ Nuremburg.

THeir Weight is the Pound of fixteen Ounces, of which ate two
feveral ^intals^ the one of a hundred pound, the other of a
hundred and twenty pound ; and the hundred makes dit London a hun-
dred and eleven pound.

Their Meafure is the Ell, a hundred whereof makes at London about
fixty three Ells. •

0/ Paris.

PAri^ is one of the three Cities in France where Exchanges art made,
and gives the Rule in matter of Coin to the other Cities.

The Coins here, as generally through France^ are Venters^ twelve
whereof makes a Sol , and twenty Sols a Litre j and by thefe they
keep their Accompts.

But the common Coins are the Gold and Silver Lems^s^ the .Gold
Lervis weighing eleven Vemers^ and twelve Grains, the fame weight
with the Spantfh Pijioly and the fame Standard ; once it was ten LivreSj
now it palTeth for eleven Litres ; the French Livre is commonly reckon-
ed to be one Shilling lix pence Sterlings and the Golden Lewi/ 16 s.
6 d. Englifh. »

The Silver Lew?/ weigheth twenty one Denitrs^ and twelve Grains,
little more than a Spantfh piece of Eight, and about the fame Standard,
and now goeth for three Livres , or fixty Sols , and is accounted for
4 /. 6, d. Englifh -, but the Par in Exchange is fometiraes lefs than y5,
fometimes more than 72 ^. Sterlings for a Crown French.

Their Weight is the ^intal of a hundred pound, at (ixteen Ounces
to the pound , which makes at London a hundred and ten pound
Subtle.

Their Meafure is the Mne, which makes about forty five Inches
Englijh.

T t Of

,2a Of Com, Weightif and Medfitres,

G/Riga.

RIG Ay an Archbifliop*s See, and of great Commerce. Commo-
dities here found, are Hemp both Rine and Pafs, Flax^ Ofens and
String- flax. Clap- hoards j IVainfcots^ Oars^ Potafljcf, &c.

Coins are RixdoUars^ Guilders^ and Grofz't thirty Gr^/z is a Guilder^
three Guilders a Dollar ; and a Guilder is one Shilling and fix pence Ster-
ling, as vulgarly reckoned.

Weight is the pound, whereof twenty make a Lifpmnd; and twen-
ty Lifpound 2L Ship'pomd^ which is three hundred and a quarter £«g/zy^.

Meafure is the Ell, whereof a hundred fixty fix and a half make, a
hundred Yards Englifh.

Of Roan.

THE Kintal at Roan in Normandy is 104 /. Englifh lip. I. The
-^M/;7e is 4<5 Inches Englijhi but for Linnen is allowed i^Aulnes,
for 20.

. Two Venters make a Voohle, 12 Venters make a .S'f^w/, 20 Sous make
a Lzf re, which is i /. <5 ^. Englifh^ and is called a Fr<zn/^ j <^o 5<?//, or
3 Lwe/ is a French Crown , or Lems , which weighs 2 1 Venters,
22 Grains, and is 4 j. d d, Englifh.

Of Rome.

THeir Coins are Vucats or Crowns of Gold, which is worth eleven
Julios or Ptf«/(?/ ; the Crown of Silver is worth ten Julios, the
Julio is worth ten Bajoches^ or forty ^atrinsj the Bajoche is worth one
^<?/6^ four Veniers fmall Money of R(?me.

Their Weight is the ^nintal of a hundred pound, which makes in
London eighty pound.

Their Meafures are two,the one for Woollen, the other for Linnen ;
the one is the Cane^ and eight Palms make a Cane, and thirty Canes is
fifty live Ells and a half Englifh.

The other is the Brace^ which is three Palms and a half of the faid
Cane.

Of Cow y Weight Sy md Meafires, ^23

Of Sivil and Cadiz,

SIvil is the faired: City of all Spahh and of the greateft Trade.
Ifs Commodities are Wool, Silk and Oranges, Gold, Silver,
Tobacco, Ginger, Cottons, Sugar, &c. being the produdt of the We-
ftern Indks.

The Merchants keep their Accompts as in other places of <S'/'^iw, in
Mtrvedes and KUls j and the Exchanges are made upon the imagina-
ry Vncat of 375 Mervedes^ which is fcmething above 5 j. 6 d. Sterling.
But the Rial in Sivil is worth but 34 Mervedef, and fo fome keep their
Accompts in Kids of 54 Mervedes to the Rial, which is about 6 pence
EnglijTjy and fo it is generally eileemed throughout all Spain.

TheVoblon oiCaftikls worth 375 Mervedes, but the Voblon currant
of Carline Money is |j Mervedes.

3 4 Mervedes is a Kial. 8 Rials is a piece of Eight , and 3 2 Ri^/x is
a Single Piilol. 64 2?zW/ is a Double Piftol.

Note, tliat there is an Advance of 6 per Cent, on Pieces of | above
8 Rials. And 2 Rials Beillon is one Rial of Plate.
■ Their Weight is the Kintal of 100 /. Subtle, at 4 Roves to the Kin-
tal, each Rove being 25 /* which /Owf^/ is faid to make about 108 /.
in Englifh.

The Common Meafure is the Vare, a hundred whereof makes in
London 74 Ells.

Liquid Meafure is the Rovel^ which is about ^Gallons Englifh. Four
^arteels is a Somar. 8 Somars is a Kot^e for Oyl and Wine. A Ha-
naga of Corn is a Bufhel and half Englijh.

Of Stockholm.

. /

STockJjolm is feated in watry Marihes, upon the Lake MeVar^ fecured
by the two Forts^ M^axholm and Vigne , belides fortified with a
ftrong Caftle, wherein are faid to be 400 Brafs Guns.

Her Commodities are Iron, Steel, Copper and Lead, and other Mi-
nerals •, alfo Honey, Wax, Tallow, Hides, from Mofcovp.

Coins are the fame generally current in all Srviden, viz. Vohrs,
which are divided into Marks, 8 whereof makes a Dollar, by which
they exchange with other Countries.

Their Weight and Meafure is the fame, as far as I can find, with
Riga,

T t 2 Of

^24 of Coifty Weight Sy and MeafureSi

Of Vienna.

THeir Weight is the pound, which in feme Comnnodities is divi-
ded into 32 C)oteSy and infonne into 28 Pints j the 100 /, doth
m ke at London 123 /. in Circa.

Their ivleafurcs are two, the one for Linnen, the other for Wool-
len; the hundred Yards at London makes here a hundred and three
Ells in Linnen, and a hundred and thirteen Ells in Woollen.

Their Exchange is by RixdAIars of eight Shillings Fkmijh^ and by
Vucats of Gold at twelve Shillings Flemifh.

Of Venice.

TKeir Commodities are Wines, Oyl, Rice, Paper, Quick- filver,
Looking glafs , Annifeeds, Venice-Treacle, Aloes, Silk; the
Commodities oi Turkic^ and the produ<^ oi India, Perfu^ yirabta and
Egypt. _ * -

Accompts are kept here by Tome in Livres^ Sols and Grofzes^ reckon-
ing 12 Venters Grolz to the Sols^ and 20 Sols to the Liire^ 5 Sol and
2 Venters is a Grofz^ and 24 Grofz makes a currant Vncat, which is fix
Livres 4 Sols,

By others in Vucats and Grofzes, at 6 Livres and 4 Sols per Vucat,
reckoning 2^Grofz> to a Ducat.

Others by Livres , Sols and Venters of Tictoliy which is the currant
Coin of the City.

The Vucat of Gold is worth 24 Venters ; the Livre o(Grofzes are of
two forts, one de Banco^ ufually valued at 4 j. 4 d. Sterling.,' the other
at 3 /, 4 d. which varieth according to the life and fall of Money in
Exchange.

By the Monthly Accompt of 1687, 'tis faid that the Ducats which
were worth 7 Livres., will go henceforward for no more than 6. The -
Tiflols which were valued at 1 1, are fet at p Livres 12 Solsj and the
reft proportionable.

Their Weights are of 4 forts, the 100 1. Grofz is 158 1. Subtle^ and
106 Englijk.

The J 00/. Subtle (ot fine Goods, is 83 /. and a half Gro/^, and
makes at London 6^1, fome fay 66. And i(yo Lnglijh is \'yi Venice
Subtle.

The ICO /. of Silver or Gold Thread is \\6 I, 8 Ounces Subtle.

The other is for Silver, Gold and Gemms.

Their

of Com^ Weights^ and Meafurei, 315'

Their Meafures are two, called the Braces, the one for Silks, Da-
mask, &c. of which 5 Braces makes 3 Yards EngHJh, or one Brace is
22 Inches g Englifk,

The other for Stuffs, Linnen, (^5. whereof 5 m^kes 2 Ells and a
half Eng/i/^, or the Brace is 25 En^lifh Inches.

Wine is fold by a Meafjre called the Amphora^ which is 4 Bi'^orz'.ts ;
the BigorZ'X is 4 Quarts,. the Quart 4 -S'.zc/pzex, the^^c/^ie 4 len^.

Oyl is fold as well by weight as meafure, the Meafure is called the
MirO:, which makes by rneafure 25/. and by weight 30 /. 3 Ounces.

Of the Coins, Weights and Meafures of the
Chief Cities in Afia.

Of Arabia.

TH E Money of Arabia is called Lar'ms^ and ate in value as
one of the French Crowns, only they want in weight 8 Sous
of the Frewcib Crown, or Rial of Spain^ which is about 14
^er Cent. lofs. Thefe Larms are the Ancient Coins of Afia^
but only currant in Arabia, and at Balfera, and along the PerOan Gulf,
where they take 80 Larins for one 7oman, whick is 50 Abajjis. Ano-
ther Author 1 find, that faith, That all the Coins throughout all Ara-
bia, efpecially Arabia Foelix, are the fame, or at leall do correfpond
with thofe under the Grand Signiors Dominions. In other places, viz..
the Afpzr, 60 whereof (or rather 80) makes aRu/ of 8 Spanifh, or a
Dollar', alfo lOO Afpers are reckoned for a Sultme , Chiquin^ Zechin^
or Sheriff, which are the common Gold Coins, and held to be about
8 /. Ster.

That their Weights are alfo much the fam.e with thofe of "Turkey ^
viz. the Drachm, of which 10 makes an Ounce, and 14 Ounces a ^0-
telh, 24 Kotello's is ^Fracello, which is 25 /. 12 Ounces Englijh, i^Fra-
Ms is a Cantar , or, as 'tis called at Aden , a Bahar^ making about
^%6l.Engm.

Their Meafure is alfo THr]il(h, viz, the Tico , efteemed to be 26 In-
ches and a hdMFnglifh,

^^ Of

3-2 6 Of Corny Weights y and Meafures.

Of the Chief Cities in Turkey;, &c.

of Aleppo.

ALcfpo is the moft Famous City of all the Grand Signior^s Domini-
ons, and is Seated about \oo Engli/h miles from Alexandrctta
or Scandaroon , which is the Sea- port and Road for all Ships to lade
or unlade their Goods, which, are tranfported by Camels to Aleppo.

Commodities are Silks, Chamlets, Galnuts, Valaneed, which is a
a fort of Acorn-ftiell ( which the Curriers ufe to drefs their Leather)
Cottcn, Yarn, Mohairs', Soap, Drugs of all forts, Galls, &Ci

Coins of the Country are Shehecs, of which \6 make a Piece of
Eight, and 14 of them a Lyon Dollar, The Sultanie, which is two
Dollars or Pieces of Eight, which is 80 Afpers, the Lyon Dollar is
70 Afpers.

7'hivemt fays. That at y^leppo the Piafter of Rials is worth 80 Af-
pers. The Boguelle 70. TheSchaied 5 Afpers, and 16 Schaieds for
a Piafler, and 1 4 for a Boguelle.

The Weights are the Drachm, and the Rottulo, which differs in
Drachms according to the Commodities.

The Rottulo is 4 /, 13 Ounces, that is 720 Drachms.

The Rottulo for the Perfun or Ledg-filk is 680 Drachms, 72^
Ounces.

The Balladine Rottulo is 720 Drachms, 74^ Ounces. The Aleppo
Rot tie. Thev.

The Tripoli Silk Rottulo is the fame.

The Caliravan Silk Rottulo is <5co Drachms,' 4 1. Er.gliJJj^ and 5 \.
Marfeilles.

The Meppo WcWs is 120 Drachms, 13 Oanccs Englifb.

The Cyprus Cotten Kintal of 100 Rottulo's 506 1. EngI?Jh.

The Kintal of ico Rottulo's is <52 5 /. Levorne.

The Oque contains 400 Drachms.

Others tell us, a Kintal of 100 Rottulo's is 43*0 1. Englifh, called a
Cantar.

A Wefno of Silver is ico Drachms, and there is a Wcfno o{ ^600
Drachms, <5o Drachms to one Ounce, and 10 Ounces to the R.ottello,
which is about 4/. i ■:[ Oances Avoirdnpoife -, Co that 112 1. Avoirdtipoifi
IS 22 Rottello's 8 Ounces J and looRottcllo's is a Cantar, which is
48 i /, u4voirdupoife. Gold

Of Co'Wy Weights^ and Meafures, 'J 27

Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, &c. are fold by the Mittigal, which
is one Drachm and a half : a Drachm is lixty Carrats, and a Carrat
is four Grains.

The Meafure is the Pico, which is 27 Inches, or three quarters of a
Yard Engltjh.

The meafured Pike is | of a Yard Englijh.

Of Alexandria-
Kintal is 103 1. Englijh. A 100 Rottulo's is loi pr MarfeiJlei*
330 Rottulo^s is a Sciba. which is 120 1. Livotne*

Of Bagdat.

THcvenot tells us, that the Patman makes three Rottuloes oi AhppOf
or 6 Oques and 3 Ounces. That the Abajft is worth there two
Chaii and |. The Piafter Rial is worth 8 Chais, and each Chais 5 Va-
ras^ and the Para is 4 Jfpers. The Boqulle is worth 7 Chdis* The
Turiqfh Chequin is worth 18, the Venetian ip Chais^

• Of Smyrna.

SMyrna Weight, 180 Drachms is a Rottello.
100 Rottello's is a Kintal of 45 Oaks, and is up 1. Englijh^
44 Oaks is a Kintal.

2400 Drachms, or 6 Oaks, is a Battman.
400 Drachms is an Oik, which is 2 /. n Ounces, Avoir. Englijh.
800 Drachms is a Chigue.
250 Drachms is an Oak Opium,
120 Drachms is an Oak of Saffron.
I4<5 Drachms is a Pound Englifh,

To reduce Rottulo's into Oaks, multiply by p, and take the half
thereof, cutting off the laft Figure, and multiply that by 20. To bring
Oaks into Rottello's /¥r Cent, that is, multiply by 20, and divide by 9.

To ^ring Rottello's into Battmans, multiply by 3, cut off the laft
figure, and divide by 4, adding the remainder-to the figure cut off^
which mult, by 60.

To bring Battman's into Rot. mult, by 40, and divide by 3.

To reduce Battmans into Kintals, mult, by 2, and divide by 15. To
bring Kintals into Battmans, multiply by 15, tlien take the half i for
72 Battxnans is a Kintal. By.

■jiS Of Coin, Weights^ anoi Meafures,

By the Kintal of 45- Oaks are fold Cotten-yarii in forts, Galls ,
Allofti, Lead, Brazeel-wood, Bees-wax, Valonea, Logwood, Steel,
Sugar, Gums, Almonds. By the Kintal of 44 Oaks is fold Cotten-
wool, and Sheeps- wool in forts, Tin, Annifeeds and Boxwood.

By the Battman is fold feveral forts of Silks. By the Oak is fold
Pepper, Cloves, Mace, Benjamin, Galbanum, Sea-horfe- Teeth, Gum-
Arabcck, Indico, Wo^mfceds, "Caffia of Ciir^, Senna, Rhubarb, Sca-
mony, Agarick, Cochineal, white Cordivantsj and by the Cheque
is fold Goats-hair beaten or unbeaten.

Commodities are Raw Silk, which the Armenians bring out of Per-
fia, Cham!et-yarn, and Chamlct or Goats-hair, which come from Ati'
gouriy Gotten twilled, Skins and Cordovants of feveral colours, Cali-
cuts white and blew. Wool for Matrices, Tapeftries, quilted Cover-
lets, Soap, Rhubarb, Galls, Valleneed, Scammony, and Opium.

The Culiom paid by the Englifh is 3 per Cent, as generally through-
out all Turkey.

The Coins currant o{ Smyrna are the fame with Con(l.mtinople^ and
they keep their Accompts in the fame nature? and therefore I (hall re-
fer vou thither.

Tile Weights of Smyrna and Scio are the fame, viz. the Drachm, of
which I So makesaRottello, 1 00 Rottello's makes a Quintal, which is
45 Oaks, and is 119 /. Englifh; 400 Drachms alfo make an Oak,
which is 2 /. II Ounces and a half Avoirdnpoife En'glijh.

Their Meafure is the Pico, which is about 5 of a Yard EngUJh,

O/'Jerufalem, or of the Hebrew Coins^ S^c.

ALthough in all the Land of Judda^ 'Pale(iine^ or the Holy Land,
there is not nov^^ any City of Trade or Commerce j yet 1 cannot
omit what was once Remarkable , and may be of ufe to many to know
the Coins, Weights and Meafures of the fen:>s in the flourifhing days
of their State and Grandeur.

Geld. A Varkon, or Vragmon , of which we read Ezra 8. 27. and
Ezra. 2. 5, p. in Greck^ ii.^.y^^^ which the Englifh render a Drachm, the
value was about 15 s. Englijh i the Drachm of Silver 1 x. 3 d.

Silver. A Gorah, rendred Gerah and Megna by the Chalde Paraphrafe,
by the Greeks, Obolos •, by the Englifh, a Piece of Silver, 1 Sam. 2. ^6.
Exod. 30. 3 I. accounted to be about i d^.

Silver. Argentem^ Heb. Cefeph. or Kefeph, a Piece of Silver ; when it
ftaiideth for a Shekel of the San^uary, it is in^value is. 6 d. when it
ftands for a common Shekel, it is i /. 3 d.

Argentem

Of CoWy Weight Sy and. Meafures, jip

Argentem^ Gr£cm the /^m'ci^ Drachm, JB, ip. ip. valued at (even
pence half-peny.

Braff. j^ffarm or JJfarium, by the Rabbins 7/*r, by the Greek/ Afia-
rion ; a ^(7w^/2 Coin weighing four Grains, the p6 part of the Pigahf
or Shekil, Mattb. lo. 2p. is in value one Farthing and |.

iS/Zt/er. Vmarm the Roman Peny, Mar/, i8. 28. with the Image of
C<e/ir, M4«. 22.21. It was a fourth of the Silgah of the CaUeans, or
Shekel of the Hehrevpi.^ in value feven pence haK-peny Englijh j and this
was the common Peny.

Silver. Drachma^ one fourth of the Shekel, equal to the Kotnan De-
mrim or peny, L«% 15. 8, p.

Silver. Vidrachmum half a Shekel, the peny of the Sanduary, Exod.
30. 13. was I J. 3 ^.

Gerd^, in theCW^eeParaphrafe Megna^ the Meg^^of the Arabians^,
one fifth of a Drachm, fg part of a Shekel of the Sanctuary, three half-
pence Englifh,

Kefeph^ Gen. 20. 16. & 13. i^. 6c 43. 2 i. & 2 .?^w. 18, II. the
fame with Cefeph, and Argenteus Hebr£us ^ the Chaldean Silgah or
Jetvifl) Shekel, 2 /. 6 d,

Kefhitah Heb. a Lamb, Gen. 33.19. J#. 24. 24. jFo^ 42, 1 1. the
fame with Obolus and Ger^i^.

A M^«ej[; of Silver contains 60 Hebrew Shekels, Eze)^. 45. 12. is in
Englijh J I. 10/.

A Maneh of Gold, it weighM 100 Hebretv Drachms, 200 Grecian
Drachms, or 100 Shekels, i Kings 10. 17. 2 Chron, p. \6. of our
Money it made 75 /.

The Sl>ek^l from Shah^U Ponderare & Librare^ was twofold, the She-
kel of the Sanduary , and the common Shekel, which was but half
the other. The Shekel by fome was reckoned, as was faid before, for
2 s. 6 d. Englijh , by Sir Walter Rarvkigh at 2 /. ^ d. by Mr. Greaves^
and the Primate of Ireland^ at 2 j. 5 d. according to which one Maneh
of Silver will be 7 /. 5 d. of our Money.

One Talent will make 3<^2 /. 10/. Gold is generally accounted to
be 12 times as much in value as the like quantity of Silver. The pro-
portion in England being one to 14 and one third, that is one Ounce
of Gold is worth of Silver 3 /. 14/. 2 d. and the Ounce of pure Silver
is worth %s. ^d. half-peny ; fo that a Drachm of Gold at 17 /. 5 </.
pbfji, the Shekel is 2 I. ps. The Talent will be 4350 /. According to
ivhich Computation King Vavidsiud his Princes gave towards the build-
ing of the Temple 838 Millions 477 Thoufand 3^2 pounds 13 /. 6 d.

Uu Of

3^o Of Colfty Weights^ and Meafures.

Of the Hebrew Weights.

The Common Weights were ~1r or Weights of the San(Siuary,

8 Drachms tS i^ Drachms

4 Slickcls >< 8 Shekels

2 Staters \J 4 Staters

I Ounce "^^ I Ounce.

A Shekel is about the weight of an EngLJh half Crown, or half an
Ounce.

CZl* Mr. Greaves and Kivet faith, that the diltindion of a double
Shekel, the one Sacred, equal to the Tetra-Vrachme^ the other Prophane"
weighing the Vidi-achme, is without any folid Foundation in Writ, and
without any probability of Reafon in a Wife State.

The Hebrerv Cubit contained of our meafure according to Guildhall
Standard, 17 Inches ^ or | of an Inch, exadly anfwering to the Ro-
man foot and a half, it was a meafure from the Elbow to the Fingers
end, vulgo a foot and a half, D^«^ 3. 1 1. The holy Cubit contained
two common Cubits, i King. 7. 15. iChmi. 3. 15. The King's Cubit
was three fingers longer than the common Cubit.

The Geometrical Cubit contained 6 common Cubits, according to
which was ATm^'s Ark built.

The Barah^ tranflated often MiUarium^ figniheth fo much ground as
may be travelled in half a day between Meal and Meal.

Kaneh^ Arundo^ the Reed,fix Cubits and a hand's breadth, Ej^ei^ 40.
5. the ufe of it was to meafure Building, Rev.ii.i'y,
Stadium^ a Furlong, containing 12 j paces.

Zaghad^ Zemed^ and Beroth^ Gen 3$. i^. a little way or piece of
ground containing icoo Cubits, an Hebrerv mile, about 500 Englijh
yards.

Zeretb, Spithama^ and Vodrans^ a Span i Exod.^^> 16. Jfa. 40. 12.

Dry Meafure.

I find theEphah is ftated at 52 /. I which reduced into Englijh Mea-
fure makes iix Gallons one Pottle and half a Pint, and i o Ephaks made
one Omer 5 the Omer was i Pottle 1 Pint 3 Ounces , and i o Omers
made lEphah.

Liquid

Of Cow y Weights y and Meafires. 3J1

Licjitid Meafnres.

Their Liquid Meafnres were the Log, H///, and Bath ; The Bath is
ordinarily reckoned of like quantity with the Ephah^ more exadly it
is 52 Pints and a half, or by others 6 Gallons one Pottle and a half.

The Hm is one Gallon and three quarters of a Pint, which is the
6th part of a Bath.

The Log is the one ^2 of the Hin.y that is | of a Pint , and | of an
Ounce, that is 3 quarters of a Pint , wanting but the | part of an
Ounce ; fo that the | part of a Hiti is almol\ one quarter of a Pint.

Of the Coi/is, &c. of Perfia.

o ,

THE Comnnodities of Perfta are Gold, Silver, Raw Silk in great
abundance, fome Drugs and Spices, Wine-fruits, feveralManu-
fadories, viz. Carpets, Arras- work, Hangings, Cloth of Gold and
Silver, and fine Gotten- Cloths.

The Coins in Perfia are Real and Nominal ■■> Real Coins are Bi/?iV,
Shaxet's^ Mamoudis and Abajjis \ a Btfii is a tenth of an Ahajfi^ a Shaxet
is a fourth of an Aba^i^ and the ^^<2j(/r is valued zt \6 d. Sterlings or
i§ Sous 6 Venters. The Nominal Coins are Larks ^ Ors and 7omondi
A L<?r/« is 2 Shaxes "d rf«^ 18 L^rwj to a Tomond in Commerce at Gdw-
rtf«, but in no other place ; an Or is accounted for five Abajfts^ 6 s.
lid. Englijh, and a Tomond for ten Or/ or fifty Abaffi^, which is in
-Value 3 /, p X. Englifli. Rix Dollars and Pieces of Eight pafs for 14
Shaxets^ or 3 Abaft's I per Piece.

7hevenot tells us, That the Piafters are commonly worth 13 Schais if
full weight; i^lnBifii. The Bi/ii confifts of 4 Ca/^egiE'ix, of which JO
makes z Schais. The moft currant Money are the Aba(fis^ Mamoudis ^
Schais and Casbaghis ; the Ahajft is of the value of 4 Schais^ which is
about 18 cVo/j" French. The Mamoudi contains two Schaisy which is
about p Sols^ the Scai about 4 ^i)// 2, and the Casheghi 5 Veniers \ The
Tomond is worth 1 5 Piajiers , or 50 Abaci's ; the Baz^eZ/o is worth three
yibaffi's or 1 2 Schais.

In Geometry, Thevenot tells us, the Perjians make ufe of a certain Mea-
fure called a Farfange^ which is 3 Miles. The Miles contains 40C0 Cu-
bits, the Cubit 2 4 Fingers (which by an Experiment he made, he finds
to be 18 Inches, or a common Foot and half, which is exactly the Cu-
bit.) The Finger is 6 Barley-corns laid fide-waysjfo that the Mile will be

U u 2 6000

^j2 Of Com^ Weights, and Meafures.

6000 common Feet. And a degree to contain 22 Farfanges, or Para-
fanges^ and ^ which is much about a French League.

Their Weights are various, viz. the Maundfhaw , which is about
1 3 pound Avoirdnpois for Silk.

The Maund Surrat contains two and a half of the other, and is ufed
for grofs Goods, efpecially at Gombrou.

The Load, or Cargo^ which contains thirty fix Maundjharps^ makes
About 485 1, Avoirdupois,

The Mittigal for Gold, &c. whereof fix and a half makes an Ounce
Venice.

The Kattee for Diamonds, Pearls, e^c. wherein are twenty Vals, and
twenty three Vals makes an Euglifh Carrack.

Their Meafures are two, c^WtdCavedoes^ the greateftis an Inch lon-
ger than the E«g///^ Yard, and the leffer is three quarters of the other,
agreeable to the Pico of Turkje.

Tavernier fsiith^ Their Wine, as all other things, are fold by weight,
and not by meafure i and that in the Year t666. the whole account of
Wines made at Sciras amounted to 200025 Mens, the only weight for
Wines, containing nine pound French at fixteen Ounces to the pound,
or 4125 T'ww/ at 300 Pints to the T««.

0/ the ComSy 8iC. under the Dominion of the Great Mogul.

TH E Commodities in Surrat^ Camhaia^ Amadahat^ and generally
throughout the Mogul's Country, are Precious Stones, Agats,
Jafper, feveral Drugs, Civet, Sugar-Candy, Indico, Lacque, Salt-
petre, Musk, Borags, Ogium, Myraboles, Ginger, Sal-Arnnoniac, Am-
ber and Rice ; all forts of Cottcns, Callicoes of all forts. Carpets and
Coverlets of Leather, artificially wrought with Silks of all Colours,
Sattins, Taffaties, Velvets, feveral Manufadories of Wood carved and
imbellifhed, as Desks, Chefts, Boxes, Standifhes, &c.

Coins. The RoupyoiGd\A weighs two Drachms and a half, and
eleven Grains, and is valued in the Country at fourteen Koupies of
„ Silver, and the Raupy of silver is reckoned at thirty Sous •■, fo that a
Koupy of Gold comes to twenty one Litres of France^ the half Koupy
comes to ten Lizres ten Sotts^ and the quarter Koupy to i^vcLivres hve
Sous.

As for their Copper money, the biggeft fort is generally worth two
Sous, the next one Sous , the next to that 6 Detmrsy c r a Fecha. In
Surrat, Cambaja, Barach. Buudra and j^madubat^ five Marpoudies goes

for

of Coin^ Wd^hfs^ and Meafiresl ^^y

fori Cron>n or Kealt, and for fmall Money they uCq Almonds y whereof
forty, fometimes forty four, goes for a Pechsy which is fix Dcniers in
value } there are alfo little pieces of Copper, which are called Pecha*s,
whereof twenty they give for a Mamaudy, there is alfo in fome parts
Shell-money, fifty or fixty of which makes a Vecha', as for the Ma-
maudy^ it is always valued at forty Pecha.

Their Weights are various. As for Gold, Silver, Civet, Musks,
Bezarftones, &c. they have the Weight called the To//, which is
1 2 Majfes, and is feven penny fixteen grains Troy weight Englijh 5 nine
Deniers eight grains French.

Thevenot tells us. That at Surrat^ there arc divers Heads of Weights
and Meafures , but the moft common Weight ufed in Trade, is the
Man, which contains forty Serres or Pounds, and the Pound of Surrat
contains fourteen Ounces, or thirty five Toles. That all Gold and
Silver is weighed by the To/e, which contains forty Mangelis, which
makes fifty fix of our Cara&s^ or thirty two Vales. A Vale is 3 Gongys.
That two Tolets || makes one Ounce of Paris weight.

The Mdn makes 40 pound weight all the Indies overj but the Pounds
or Serres vary. The Pounds of Surrat are greater than thofe of Gal-
conda 5 and the Pound at Jgra is double to that at Snrrat , viz,
28 Ounces or Serres.

The Silver Roupie is as big as an AbaJJl of Perfia , it weighs a Tole,
and commonly paiTes for thirty French Sols^ but is not worth above
2p or 31 Pechasl^ fometimes 325. The Pecha is worth foraething
more than lo French Veniers. And ^8 Badan or bitter Almonds for a
Pecba.

For Silk there is th&Tice, which is five Mittigals and a half, or two
7oUs.

The common Weight for other Commodities is the Sear , which is
various in feveral parts-, the Sear at Agra is tvvofold, the one is twen-
ty fix Pices, which is 2 6| Ounces, the other is thirty Pices, which is
22 Ounces Avoirdupoife.

The Sear of Surrat is eighteen Pices, which is 13I Ounces Avoirdu-
pois : Tavernier faith, 'tis | of a Pound, and the Pound is of fixteen
Ounces.

There is alfo the hundred Weights called Maunds ; fort^ Sears make
a Maund of thirty three pound Englifh, and forty Sear makes a fmalf
Maund of fifty four Pound | of Eaghjh. Tavernier faith, The Man is
6p Pound at 16 Ounces to the Pound ; but the Man which they weigh
their Indico wirhal, is bu- 53 Pound.

Their

; ^ ^4. Of Com, Wtights, m^ Meafures.

Their Meafures are called the Covado or Cohit, the (horter is ufed for
Silk and Linneii, and is 27 Inches Englifh ; the other Covado is diffe-
rent in feveral places, viz. at Surrat^ Camboja, Sec, it is thirty Hve
Inches, but xnAgra^ Vel'i^ &c. it is thirty two Inches.

All Grains and Liquid Commodities are fold by weight, there be-
ing no Concave Meafure in any of the Mogul's Territories.

Of Pegu a»d Arackan.

TH E King of Pegu's Silver Coin weighs two Drachms and a half,
and twelve Grains, and makes about twenty Sons fix Veniers.
And his FamhoT little pieces of Gold weighs feven Grains ; fifteen of
which pafTes in value for a Real or French Crown.

The Kingof ^rjcjl;<2«'s Money weighs two Drachms and a half, and
fifteen Grains, and makes twenty one Sous : He Coins no Gold, but
Trafficks in Gold uncoined ; the Metal is not worth above fourteen
Carats., one Carat being the third part of an Ounce.

Of the Money which the Englifh Coin in the Indies.

TH E Money which the Englifh Coin at the Fort of St. George upon
the Coaft of Cormandel^ they call Pagods as thofe of the Kings
and Raja's of the Country are called) are of the fame weight for good-
nefs, and pafs at the fame value , which is about the weight of the
French half Piftol ; but the Gold is of bafer Metal, fo that an Ounce
is not worth above forty two or forty three Livres, and not going for
more than 4 Roupies. And at the famous Port of Bombay^ the Fngliffy
have built a ftrong Fort, and Coin both Silver, Copper and Tin, but
that Money only pafTeth among the Fnglijh , and the Villages along
the Coaft for two or three Leagues about, as 'tis reported.

Of the Money which the Dutch Coin in the Indies.

AT Palicate the Dutch Coin Pagods of Gold, and Roupies of Silver,
being of the fame weight of thofe of the Great Mogul, or the
King of Golconda and Vifapor h they have alfo fmall Copper Money.
Four Roupies to a Pagod^ which is about fix French Livres. There is
alfo Fanons half Gold , and half Silver , fix and a half with half a

quarter-

Of Coin^ Weights^ and Meafures. J35'

quarter- piece, makes a Koupk^ and 2(5i a Pagod. Gazers are fmall Cop-
per-pieces, 40 of which go to a Fanon.

Of the Money in Sumatra.

TH E Money of Gold coined by the King of Achm^ is better than
the French Louis in goodnefs , an Ounce being well worth
50 Franks \ it weigheth ten Gxains, and is worth 16 Sous, and
8 Deniers of French Money : Another Author faith, That the Coins
here are the Cattee^ which is 8 Tayle, or 6 pound 8 Shillings Sterling.
A 7ayk is 1 6 MafTes, or 1 6 Shilling Sterling ; and a Mafs is 4 Cupany,
which is twelve pence Sterling,

Their Weight is the Bahar, which is 200 Cattees ^ a Cattee is
2p Ounces Avoirdupois Englilh.

Of Goa.

TH E Comnnodities natural of Goa are inconfiderable, but in Tiade
there is the Commodities of the Indies-, of Perfiay Arabia^ China,
&c. viz,. Precious Stones, Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Gotten, Spices,
Drugs, Fruits Corn, Iron, Steel, &c.

The Coins there, are the Pardaus Sheraphin, worth 300 Rees of Per-
tugal., or 4 Shillings 6 pence Englijh.

The Pagod of Gold is worth lo Tangos, and 4 Tangas in good Mo-
ney is one Pardau, and one Tangas is worth 4 good Ventins, a Ventin is
worth 15 Bafaracos , and the Bafaracos is about 2 Kees of Portugal
Money.

The St. Thomas of Gold is worth 8 Tangas, and the Pardaus de Kealesy
is about 440 Kes of Portugal.

Their Weight for Spices is the Bahar, which is three ^intals and a
hili oi Portugal Weight, and another for Sugar, Honey, &c. which
is called the Maund, which is ii pound of the aforefaid Weight.
' Their Meafures for Length are the fame with thofe oi Lisbon,

Their Meafures for Grains, Rice, &c. is the Medida, 24 whereof
is a Maund, and twenty Maunds is a Candd.^ which is aljcut fourteen
Bulhels £«g///^.

^\6 Of Cow, Wdfgks, 'and Mtafures,

Of the Coafi of Cormandel.

Heir Commodities are Sugars, Pintadoes, Grains> Fruits, Drugs,

, Precious Stones, Chriftal, &c.

Their Coins are the Vagod of Gold , which is ^6 Fanans^ a fanan
is about 3 d. value, and fo the Pagodh p /. but the true value is S x.
6 d. or thereabouts.

Their Weight is the Candct, which is 20 Mmnds^ a Maund 40 Sears,
or 22 Majfesy which is 26 Pound 14 Ounces Englijh.

Of Bantam.

THE Commodities arc Pepper, Sugar, Preferved Ginger, Rice,
Honey, &c. as alfo the produd ot other places.
The Money coined here are only pieces of Copper minted, in the
midft whereof is a hole to hang them on a ftring,which they call Pettier^
1000 whereof are in value about 5 Shillings 5^er/iw^. But the Mer-
chants keep their Accounts by Spanijh Reals of 8 , which are currant
for all forts of Commodities.

Their Weights are the Bahar^ which is 3 T teals ^ or ^6p pound
Englifh, the Pical is 100 Cattees, or 131 pound Englijh h and a Cattee
is 2 CO I Ounces EngUfh.

Their Meafure of length is the Covet ^ that is one fifth of an Englijh
Yard.

Their Dry Meafure is a Gantang^ which is 2 1 pound Englijh.

Of Siam.

TH E Commodities of Siam are Gotten, Linnen, Wine of Cocas,
OT Indian Nats, Benjamin, Lac, Calamba, Camphora, Bezar,
and Gold.

The Coins there are a piece of Gold Coin, which weighs l8 Grains
more than the French half Piftol, and is worth 10/. yd. Sterling.

The Silver Coin is about the bignefs of a large Hazel-Nut, weighs
3 Drachms and a half, and 25 Grains, and is worth about 2 Shillings
5 pence Sterling,

' Their

Of CoifJy WetghiSj and Meafnres, ^ j7

Their Weights are the Bahar^ which is of two forts, the great B^-
har is 200 Gattees^ a Cattee is 26 lailCf a Taile is one Ounce aud a half
of Lisbon.

The fmall Bahar is alfo 2co Qwee, a Cattee is 22 Tiii/e/j a taik Is an
Ounce 8 of Lhbon Weight.

0/ China.

THE Commodities are Pvice, Wheat, Wool, Cottons, Flax,
Silk raw and wrought into feveral forts of Stuffs, Fiuits, Ho-
ney, Wax, Rubarb, China-Roots, Wines, Sugar, Camphire, Musk,
Civet, Salt, Gold, Iron, Tin, Steel, Quickfilver, Saltpetre, Porce-
laine Difties, Precious Stones, Rubies, Saphires, Agars, Pearls, &c.

They pay their Money by weight, which is denominated by Taleirfs
and Meafures.

In all the Kingdom of China there is no Money coined either Gold
or Siver ^ that which they make ufe of in payments is only in Lumps,
or pieces of Gold or Silver of divers forms and weights.

The pieces of Gold ,by the Hollanders called Golftfcbut^ is worth 1200
Gilders oi Holland^ or loi /. 5 /. Sterling •, the other pieces which weighs
but half as much, is in value according to its proportion 5 an Ounce
of this Gold is worth 3 /. 3 /. Eaglijh.

In Trade every man carrieth about him a pair of Sheers to cut and
divide their Money •, as alfo Scales and Weights to weigh it, and to
proportion his Money according to the value of the Commodity he
buyeth.

Their Weights are the Bahar, which is faid to differ in feveral
.places i but the common Bahar of China is 300 Cat tees ^ a Cattee is
16 Tailes^ which is about 20 Ounces and 3 quarters Avoirdufoife 5 fo
that thtBahar is about ipo 1. Englijh.

There is alfo the Bahar for fmall weight of 200 Cattees, 32 I'aile to
a Cattee, and a taile is one Ounce and a half Avoir dupoifei, fo that the
Bahar is 412 1, Engljih,

Of Japan.

THE Commodities of Japan are "^^^'heat, Millet, Rice, snd ex-
cellent Barley, divers t\^ tals. as Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin,
Lead, Iron s their Pearls ire great, bw Red.

The Gold oi Japan is in valut v^nh 3 /. 15 /. the Ounce, th^re is
one Coin or Piece of Gold which weigtis once Ounce iix Dsachms,

X X which

3^8 Of Corny Weights^ anl MeAfurei.

which comes to about 6 Pound 1 1 ShilHrgs 3 Pence j there is alfo ano-
ther that weighs the third part of the great one^ liz. half an Ounce
48 Grahis, and comts to 2 /, 3 j-. p d,. Sterling,

There are alfo feveral pieces of Silver called Ingots^ fonae weighing
7 Ounces, at live Shillings the Ounce, con:ics to thirty hv^ :^hil!ingsi
others of two Ounces 3 Drachms and a half, which comes to 12 Shil-
lings 10 Pence | Si:rling-y and fo proportionable in value according to
their weight, are the relt.

There is alfo Copper Money, which they thred to the liumber of
i5oo, which is the value of a Fell ot Taile in Silver, which the Vntcb
reckon to be worth 3 Gelders and a half, which is 6 Shillings 4 Pence |
Sterling,

Their Weights are theFu^w, which is 125 Vntch Pounds, one Fia-
kin makes 100 Cattees, one Catt:e 16 T^i/e, one Taile 10 Maes, and a
Cattec is by feme accounted 2 i Oances Avoirdup-nfe.

Their Meafure for length is the Tattany or Ichin , which is about
2 Yards g Englifh, or 6 Rhynland feet ; 60 Ickiens or Ichins is ^oRyhn-
landKods, and 180 Rods is a Japan Mile.

Their Dry Meafures are the Ganty which is 3 Cocas, which is three
Pints Englijh.

Perpafi

Of Cotn^ Weight Sf and Meafures".

?^9

Verfian Money.

French

EngliJI-j-

A Bafli, or 2 Mamoudi's
I Mamoudi's, or—

I Cheyets — '"—- '

I Bifti-

A Casbeke rimple~

A double Casbeke -

One Or

One Toman — >■

18 '<5 Deniers
2 ,Chayets —

5
2

Double Casbekes-
Double Casbeke* -

Denieis 3 half peny — — A
II Deniers-
AbalFs

1 Z4_

2 Too

^ «2

^ « II I

4<5 Livres I Denier I Piaiier--| 3 |p|o ;o ?

Indian Money.

A Larin of Arabia, c^c. —

A Mamoudi's

A Roupy of Gold

A Roupy of Silver-— —
A Pecha

Arakan-Money-
A half Roupy
Tipoura Silver

Pagods i

Fano's

}

Agen Gold
MacalTar Gold -
Camboya Silver-

Siam Gold

iSiam Silver =»— —

French

I Ecu, or French Crown—

30
6

Livres -

Sous —
Deniers-
Sous
16 Sous

12 I Sous

A fern Fanos ' — ■

Afem Silver ■ —

jChina Goltfcut

iChina Silver Pieces- — -

Pegu Gold Fanos ~

Pegu Silver »•

Japan Gold ^ -

Japan Silver Pieces--

SAPiftol: APiltolinJ

} Gold is 1 1 Livres- %

Ecu -. ~-

Sous 8 Deniers- —

Sous 8 Deniers—

jSous-

Livres 1 Sous -

Sous 4 Deniers-

Ecu-

Sous-

Fngli(lj

1350 Livres

5P
I

87
30

Sous 8 Deniers «

Real ■-

Sous 6 Deniers

Livres i o Sous ■

Sous —

fOj

lOl

4-.

31
2

If
3f
i|
31

2 I
o
I #

Thefe Computations are made, fuppoHng a French Crown to be in
jValue 54^. or 4/. d^. Sterlings the reputed Par, fo that a Sms is in value
p d. 6c 10 Deniers 3.
' _____ X X 2 A*

340

Of Col ft, Weight Sy and Meafuresl

A Table con

taining the Proportion that the E.g'ffh Foot beareth to thel

Meafurcs of other Places, divided into 12. In.hes and Tenths. And

the Proportion of a Pound-ueight Avtrdupnis divided into 100 parts.

beareth to

the Foreign Pounds; carefully coiledlied from the Tables of

SncUiHs^ V

jgen^ Creates, Kicciolus^ ^c.

Amjierdam

Foot

0 II 3 p3

Naples Palm

op 6

I 43

Ell

232

Brace

2 I 2

Antwerp

Foot

0 II 3

Cauna

d 10 5

Ell

2 3 3

Norimberg Foot

1 0 I

Balogncj or

Ell

2 0 8

Pcirwj Cupit

1 10 4

I 43

Bononia

Foot

I 2 4

I z7

F^ri/ Royal Foot

I 0 8

Bremen

Foot

0 II <5

Perfian Arach.

3 2 3

Cairo

Cubit

I p p

I 61

Prague

I 0 3

I 6

China

Cubit

I 0 2

Riga Foot

I p p

Cologn

Foot

0 1 1 4

Roman Foot onp

Copenhagen

Foot

11 6

the Monum. S>

0 11 <5

i 23

Vantz.ig

Foot

II 3

r ip

of Coffutius, J

Ell

r 10 8

Of Statilius

0 II 7

t>ort

Foot

I 2 2

•

Roman Palm

088

Florence Brace or Ell

I II 0

I 23

*S'/'^«. Palm, or ?
PalmofC^/fi/ef

Francfort on

the Main

0 II 4

0 P P

Genoua

Ell
Palm

I 9 p

0 p 6

I 42

^;>j«. Vare, or 7
Rod qt. 4. Pal. \

300

Gre(k^

Foot

I 0 I

Toledo Foot

0 10 7

I 00

HamboroHgh

Ell

I 10 8

Vare

282

Leipftg

Ell

2 3 I

I 17

Turin Foot

107

Liihon

Vare

2 P 0

I 5

7«rj^-/^ Pike at ;
Couiiantinople f

2 2 4

Lovaine

Foot

II 4

Lubec\

Ell

I p 8

Ff/«'c5 Foot

I I p

I 53

Lyons

Ell

3 ^i 7

I 9

Vienna

106

Mantua

Foot

I 6 8

I 43

Univerfal Foot,

■\

Middkhufg

Foot

0 II p

or a Pendulum ,

Millain

Calamus

d d 5

I 40

that will vibrate

%o8 I

•ts

132 times in a

"«4

Minute.

Jh
^^^

-t3 ^

^ 0

^C^ <JJ ^Z

G ""

oj OJ *-

r- t«

3 f
0 rt

a-D.

U.. 1^ r" Oi< CLi

ASIA.

14t

A S I A.

AS I A is one of the Trijiartite Divifions of our Continent *,
if we confider the Advantages which the Author of Nature
hath given it ■, or the memorable Adtlons which have pafled
in it •, That the firft Monarchies and Rehgions have here had their
rife: That the chief Myfteries both of the Old and New Law, were
here laid open : That from hence all Nations of the World , and all

Arts

542 Of ASIA,

Arts and Sciences, had their firfl: beginning : We may juftly prefer it
before the other parts of the World. %

It is feated in the Oriental part of our Continent, atid moft part \n
the temperate Zone \ what it hath under the Torrid-, being either
Peninffih or Jflts^ which the Waters and Sea do much refre(h.

It extends (wmSmirnain the P^di^ to the farthert part of Tartarij
near J.jfj in the E.iji, four thoufand and eight hundred Miles ^ and
from (he lowermod point of Malacca in the Sozttb^ to the Strait^hts of
Weigats in the Northy n makes four thoufand and two hundred Miles
of lixty to a degree. In this length and breadth we do not compre-
hend the jflands which belong to Afia 5 which are as great, as rich,
and poflibly as numerous, as in other parts of the Univerfe.

Whether it took its Name from Afia the Daughter of Oceanuf and
Thetis^ W'ife of Jjpettiry.dkid Mother to Prometheus 5 or from JJitts the
Son of- Aih^ a King 'of Ljdia\ot from /^/?/; the Philofopher, who
gave the Valladium to theT?*^j^«/; or from the rhcemcian word Jfia, fig-
nifying Medium : Tiiefe Originations to me are uncertain ; moft cer-
tain it is, that this Name was firll: known to the Greeks on thatCoaft
Of. polite to them, after it was given to that part of the Country ex-
tending to the Euphrates^ called Afia Minor^ aixl at laft was communi-
cated to all that Oriental Continent.

Many are the Religions there followed ; but the Jevos^ Mahumetans
and Idolaters, far exceed the ChrilHans in number. Idolatry began in
the time of the AJfyriansS Judaifm amx)ng the Hebrews j ChrifVianifm
in the Holy Land, but firil: fo called at Antiocb ; and Mahumetanifm in
Arabia,

Mahumetanifm is received by the four principal Nations of Afta ;
the T«/-/y , Jrahians , Tcrfians and Tartars. The Turks give the moft
liberty, the Arabs are moft fuperftitions, the Perfians are moft rational,
and the Tartars are moft ftmple. Some have made feventy and two
Se(f^s among them, which may be reduced to two: That which the
Turks follow, according to the Doftrine of Omar-^ and that which the
Perfians follow, according to Holy's Indrudions : Thefe have their Pa-
triarch ^t Ifpahan, the Tif/ri^r theirs at Bagdaf. The Greeks have alfo
their Patriarchs here, known under the Titles of Antiocb divA Jcrufalem,
There are alfo other Chriftians, as Jacobites., who have their Patriarch
at Caramit, other wife called Am'ina 5 the Ne^iorians, the Copbites, the
Geirgiafis^ (ht Armenians ^ and the Maronites. The Two latter have
the two Patriarchs, the one at the Monaftery of the Three Churches near
Erivan in Jrme.jia, the other ztCanobin in Mount Lihanus,

Afta

Of ASIA. 34?

/Ifta towards- the Weft is feparated from /^/r/wby the Red Sea, and
by the Uhmus of Sucj. It is divided from l^uro^e by feveral Seas and
Straights aheady mentioned in the Defcription of E^rp/^e. Toward the
other Regions of the World, Ap,a is environed by the 'Tartarian, Chi-
man^ Indian^ Ferfttn and A-'abian Seas.

The principal Seas within the Country, are the Cafpian, the Euxine,
and the Perfian Sea. The Dead Sea is very fmall in refped of the reft,
yet is it famous for being in the Holy Land.

The principal Rivers of 4/7^, 2itQ Euphrates^ Tigris^ Indus ^ Ganges,
Croccus, Kiang, and ObL

Cancafus and Tm'us, Co celebrated by the Ancients, are the higheft
Mountains j but feveral Countries give them feveral other Names.

We find that the Air of Jfia is almoft every-where temperate. And
if we confider her Gold, or Silver, her Precious Stones, her Drugs,
her Spices, her Silks, v.e may aver it to be the richeft, as well as the
moft noble part of the World. Among other of her Produds, we moft
efteem the Diamonds oi Narfingusy the Pepper and Ginger ci Malabar,
theSillis of Bcngak^ the Rubies and Lake of Vegu., the Porcelane of C^z-
ffa, the Cinamon oC Ceylon, the Gold of Smat, theCamphir of Borneo,
the Cloves of the Mvkccas, the Nutmegs of Banda atid the Sandai cf
'timor.

Of the Seven Wonders of the World , there were four in Afici ;
The Temple of Epbeftfs, the Maufoleum in Hjlicarnajfus, the Walls of
Babylon, and the Khodian Coloffits. The Statue of OlyjKpian Jupiter in
Europe, The Egyptian h^hyv'mth^ and the Pyramids in Africa.

TheAfiaticks have been always a Soft- and Effeminate People, except
the Mountainiers and the Tartars, who by their Incurfions perpetually
vex'd their Neighbours. Their Coats cf Arms are nothing like thofe
which the Families of Europe bear -, being composed only of the Let-
ters of their Names, to which they add lometimes the Names of their
Predeceflbrs. Their Embaflies, confidering the Prefents they make
one to another, are but a kind of Trade and Exchange of Merchants,
wherein every one looks after the true value, and fo to make his ad-
vantage.

Afu is in fubjedion to four Potent Monarchs, who are able to bring .
mighty Armies into the Field : The Grand Signior, who rcfides in E«-
rope, the Sultan of Terfta, the Cham of Tartary, at this day King cf Chi-
na, and the Great Mogul. Befides thefc, there are feveral great: Princes
in Georgia, in Arabia , in Tartary, in Jndia^ and in molt part of the
Jfles. Several Nations alfo maintain their Liberty by livii:g among the
Mountains.

344 Of AS 1 A.

^ As to the Divifion of this part of the World, fome Authors divide it
^T u^u^ '"^ Exterior, in reference to Mount Taurus : By means
of which Mountam the Gm]^ make two grand Parts, the firft to the
■honh the later to the Somh. I Oiall firft divide it into 7W firma, and
L ^^'l J"^ Countries of the T:ma Firma toward the ^f/f, are Jfia-
^^kr:irky, Georgia and ^.rahia. Toward the middle, P.r/?^; toward
A'^-^TX' ^f^O'5 tothe Eaft, a/;/^. and to the South, India,
divided hkewife into Terra Firma, which is the Empire of the Great
Mogul 3 anu into two Peninfula^s, one on this fide, the other beyond
Ganges. The Iflands in the Eaftern , or Indun Seas, (which are the
iJF^j V ^'^^ ,^' ^^'^ "^^^^ '" number than in any other part of the
World) are the MalMves, Ceylon, the Iflands of Sonde, viz. Sumatra,
Borneo, Java &c. o[ Japan, the Philippines, znd the Molucca's. There
are lome llks appertaining to Afta in the Mediterranean, as Cyprus and
Abodes', and others in the Archipelago, zsMetellino, Scio, Samos, &c.

So that Afia now ftaiids divided in thefe Monarchies or
Principal Parts, Viz.

-Turk^e in ^fia 1 ] p ^kppo, Cairo, Smirna.

^fT \refflis,Akazltke^ndCori

pj!^^f Mecca, Medina, M^cba.

rr J* ■ • . ! Hifpahan, lauris, Sciras,

lartarta y Whofe chief <( Surmarchand, Balch, Camul

Cities are Pequin, Canton, Hanchev^.

China

The EiTipire of the Mogul
India within Ganges
India without Ganges

Agra, Labor, Surrai.
Go a, Calicut, Golconda.
iPegue, Siam, MaVaca*

Til J • u S?/'?"^^^ ^^^^"' y^P'"''^ Sumatra, Borneo.
lilandsmthe^ Mediterranean Sea, Cyprus, Rhodes.

^Archipelago, MeteHino, Scio, Samos, &c.

345

Of Turky in Afia.

djl. TM:toLij Jl.
fjl. Cuiiic Jl.
k Latmus -Af .

p. Pjitrnuria-

Siattque Tttr\)i compreliends more than the "Roman Empire, in
this part ot the World : Thofe Dominions did not often ex-
tend beyond the River Euphrates : This beyond the Ri-
ver Tygrif.

Once the Temperature of the Air exceeding found and healthful,
now every five or fix years the Peftilence deftroys Millions.

Yy ~ The

^4^ ^f Turky in Jftal

The Soil formerly exceeding plentiful of all Fruits \ both for ufe
and pleafurej now generally walte aiid barren.

Once very populous and full of Stately Cities 5 now lamenting the
Ruine and Deftruifiicn of them.

The Mahometan Religion is chiefly proielVd in irofl: places thereof,
only there ;;re fome Jew--/, and r-V' \Criltians mix's' <jmong them. As
to their Manners, a Cadi or Turkjlh Judge judicioufly obferv'd, that
the Ttirkr were to be blam'd for their Lechery, the Jervs for their S*
perintion, and the Chriftians foir their" Litigioufncfs.

Moil: excellently Se.;.ted is this part of the World, for it lies in the
midft of our Continent, in the temperate Zone, being water'd by the
whole Courfe of Euphrates and "Tigris, with the convenience of Four
Seas?, the Mediierrar.eariy the Euxim^ ihe Cafpian^ and the Perfian Se?.s,
, by which it Commerces with the principal Regions of the World, and
chiefly with that of the Eaji-lndies.

B'our great Provinces are in this -^JT^^7rl^T«rJl?y. Anatolia^ Turk<>tnama,
T>;arbetk 3ivd SyriJ. Anatolia, ox Afia Mirror s is almoli a Peninfnla lying
. between the Black^Sea, the Archipdago^ the Medittr^^anean^ and the Ri-
ver Euphrates. The Ancient Creeks were wort to Piore it with Colo-
nics, and the Grand Cyrus did not think his Empiie confiderable with-
out it. For the fame Reafon have fo m.any Bartcls been fought either
to preferve or conquer it. The Ancients divided this jinatoUa or Afta
M///or,intQ fev?ral IclTer Parts or Regions, z;/2i. Pontus and BithiniajPaph'
lagonia, Cappadocia, Armeiita Minor, Cilicia^ Jfamia, Pamphilia, Lycia^
Caria^ Jonia, Molis^ Lydia^ or M^onia, Piftdia, Lycaonia, Galacia, Vhry
gia Major and Mmor, Mifia and Iroas, Here I had intended to have gi-
ven a larger Defcription of all the ancient Names of places, dc. con-
tained in this Aftatique I'urhyy viz. in AJia Minor ^ Mefopotamia, Armenia,
AJfyriay Caldea , or Babylonia, Arabia^ Terra Sanda, Syria^ &e. But
having lately purchafed fix Plates, vulgarly called Scriptural Maps,
viz. •

Firft, Of all the Earth, and how after the Flood it was divided a-
mong the Sons of Noah,

Second, Of Paradife, or the Garden of Edenj with the Countries
circumjacent inhabited by the Patriarchs.

7hird, The 40 years Travel of the Children of Ifrael through the
Wild erne fs.

Fourth, Canaan, or the Holy Land, as it was divided among the
12 Tribes of Ifrael, and travelled through by our S-viour.

F^fth, The Travels of St. Paul^ and other of the Appflles, in the
f ropagating of the Gofpel.

Sis^ih^

Of Turky m Jfia] 547

SM^ Jerufalem, as it flourifhed in our Saviout's time.
I (hall therefore here only give you the prefent State and View of
thofe Countries , and refer you to my Defcription of thofe Maps,
which will be a raoft compleat Epitomy of the whole Hifiory of thofe
Ea(iern Countries. It now contains four Beglerhegf, or principal Go-
vernments, that of Natolia^ at Cutaye , or Cute^ lurch .^ tejie LtuncL
Cutaige^ ox Chiutaie tejie Baud. Kiotai P, Ricaut, oiCaramania at Cogni^ or
Gogni^ the Iconium of Cic. Zenoph. Plin. of Amafia at Tocat, or Sijvai, or
Stfvas the Sebaftiopolis of Tlin. and Ptol. of Aladuli at Marazh , or Ma-
rafch, by the Turks ^ Zulcadie. The City of Bttrfa, the Prufa of Strab.
Plin. & Ptol. Prufm Solino^ Burfa, Belon^ Bumfs furcis^ tifte Lmncl. built
by King Prufias who betrayed Hannibal^ Ann. Mund. 32^7. taken by
the Turks y A. D. 1300. it was the Pveiidence of the Kings of BithynU-,
and offome of the GmJ^Emperors, and ladly of fome of the Tar^}^
Emperors, till they won Conjiantinopk. The firfi: of the Oitcman Race
were buried there, except Solyman the fir ft, who would be buried at
the Mouth of the Vardanels near CallipoH : It yields to none unlefs Con-
ftantinopk^ either for Wealth, or number of Inhabitants. Nicomedijy
Comedia^ Nicor^ Ifmgimid & Ifmir Turcis, tefle Lmncl. 'tis now a place
of great Traffick for Silks, Cottens, Wool, Linen, Fruits, Pots, Glaf-
fes, and other Commodities. ZVift-p, or Ifnkh^ Nlc£ci of Strab, Tlin. &
TtoUprius Amigonia Strab. Olhia Plin. Ancore Suph. If inch & Nichor, Le-
uncL Nich^a Soph, is famous for the firft General Council of 3 18 Bi-
fliops, Ann. 325, and for the Refidence of the Grecian Emperors after
the Franks ^^^ taken Conjiantinople^ Anno 12 01. Angomi & Angara
Leuncl. Enguni Turcis., Ancyra Strab. & Plin. Angyra ex Codice Gy£co^ fa-
mous for Tamerlans Vidory over Bjiaz.et^ Emperor of the Tmkj j and
before that for Pompey's Victory over Mithridates^ and now for good
Chamlets. Troy, Pergamus^ and Sardis^ have been R.OYal Cities. Troy^
renowned for the Ten years Siege of the Greckjy v. hofe Ruines alio
are mixed with the Remains offome modern Srrudures. Pergamust
by the Turks Birgama, is about 60 or 64 miles N. N. ^V. from Smirna^
watered by the River Cacus., is famous for the Wealth of King Ataluf,
who overcame the Galat£ or GaUo-Grecians in a bloody Battel,was Con-
federate with thzKomans againft King Philip-Jor the Invention of Parch-
ment, for the Birth-place oi Galen, for its Tapcftiy, and for its being
one of the Seven Churches. That of Sardis., by Homer Mcone, for the
Refidence oiCruefm., and other the Kings of Lydia, Sinope upon the
Black^Sea, for its Copper Mines, and for the Rclidence oi Mithridates,
the moft formidable Enemy of the Romans. Scutari, formerly Chalcc
don^ where the Fourth General Council was held, nis now a miferable

Y y 2 Village

^^3 of Turfy h Aft a.

Village with heaps of ancient Ruines and Monuments of Defim6iion;
jibydos ^noy/ one of the Vardanels^wzs famous for the Loves of Hero and
Leander, and for the paflage ofXerxes^s prodigious Army over a Bridge
of <574 Gallies. Foglia Vecchia^ formerly Phoc£a, the Mother of Mar-
feiUes s the firft City which was taken by a formal Siege, by Harpagus
Lieutenant to Grand Cyrm. Smima^ Ifmar Tmcis^ for t rade by Sea and
Land, is the moft celebrated City in the Levant 5 hither the IVeflsm
Fleets are bound, and from hence the faireft Caravans fet out, feated
at the bottom of a Gulph, which is feven Leagues in length, defended
with a Garde or Fort in (Uch a part of the Gulph, that no Ship can es-
cape its Command.

One of the Seven Churches of Jfta ; at this day a great City, but
not fo great and beautiful as formerly, here are the R.uines of the
Amphitheater, where it is faid St. folycarp was expofed to fight with
Lions.

This City is very populous, wherein is reckoned no lefs than Sixty
thoufand 7tirh^^ Fifteeji thoufa .d Greeli^ , Eight thoufand Armenians^
Six or feven thourand Jeros^ oefides European Chri!iians»

Smirna is a place of great plenty, the Soil abounding with Oil and
Wine. The Sea affords good (lore of Fi(h, and Fowl is very cheap.
But the Heats are very excelllve in Summer, and would he infuppor-
table, were it not for the Breezes that come off the Sei about 10 in
the Morning, and continues till the Evening, but the Plague and ma-
lignant Fevers that fucceed it, are more deilrudive. Over the Gate
of the upper Caflle the Koman Eagles continue ftill Engraved, and a
great Head oi Stone, by the Turkj called Coidafa^ which fome think it
to be the great Amazon Smirna^ which gave Name to this City.

Ephfns., Efefo Soph, Figena or Fiena Cafi. Ayafaluch^ 'XurcU , Ricauf,
During the Trojan War, Pliny tells us it was called Slopes, then Ortigia^
hy Lyfimachiii Arfvioa'j th^wMorgas^ th^n EphefiUj 45 Miles from ■5'w/V-
«j, and about 5 Miles from the Sea upon the River C^j^rr, another of
the 7 Churches of Aftj. Once famous for the Temple o£ Diana, faid
to be Four hundred twenty five Feet in length , Two hundred and
twenty in breadth, fuppoited with One hundred and twenty (kvm
Marble Pillars Seventy feet high, Two hundred and twenty years a
building, feven times fired, the lafi time was in the Night that Alex-
ander was born.

Laodicea, more anciently Viofpolif, one of the Seven Churches, now
forgotten in its Name, and overwhelmed in its Ruines, which are by
the Turhj called Eskihifar, not far from a place called VingizUe^ inha-
bited by Greekit feated upon the River Lyem,

mia-

Of Turky in Aft a. ^49 ,

Thiladelphia^ another of ttie Sei'cn Churches, by the Turk^ Aluflja-
her, or the fair City; is yet adorn:?d with Twelve Churches, which
profefs the Chrijiian Faith. 'Tis feated on the Riling of the Moun-
tain tmolus , and watred with the River TaBclv.s 5 Anu is a place of
Trade, being in the Pioad of the Ptrj:,;7« Caravans.

Thyatira, Ak^vfar by the Tnrkj^ the laft of the Seven Jfian Churches,
is a City well inhabited, and of a very confiderable Trade of Cotton-
spool, which they fend to Smirna,

HkropoIiSf Seidefchecher 'Inrcis , tefle Cruffio & Leuncl. Famhucl^\alaji
Smith, ^phiotn-Carajfar Tavern, is feated over agaitift Laodicea, where
are now to be feen the Ruins of vaft Fabricks, and the Grotta or Pla-
soniHtn of Strab. famous for thofe peftilential Vapors which it per-
fpires.

Melaxo MoL Melejfo aliis , formerly Miletus, fent feveral Colonies
abroad, and a long time withftood the Kings of Lydia. Hdicarnaf-
fiis, famous for the Maufokum built by Queen Artemijla, in memory
of Maufolus her Husband. Xanthm, famous for the float Refiihnce
of its ancient Citizens againft Harpagia, Alexander and Bruins^ in all
which Sieges they fuffered all Extrenalties imaginable. Sattalia^ other-
wife Antali, lends its Name to a Gulph hard by. larfus, Tarfos
Flin. Tarfo Europis, Terajfa incoUs , Tercis, Turcts Lewicl, once a famous
Academy, Archbifhoprick, and Metropolitan of Ci/zci^, built by 5^r-
dampalnSf Anno Mundi 3440. pofi Romam 60 Ifodoro. It hath alfb
been called Antoniana, Stveriana & Hadriana, the place of St. Paurs E=-
ducation. Cogni the Iconium of old, advantageoully fcituated in thei^.
Mountains. Tiagtia, where the learned Apohnim was born. Amafia^
Amafed, Strab, & Ptol. Amnafan Turcis , is famous for the Birth of
Miibridates and Strabo, for the Martyrdom of 7heodorus, and for the
Refidence of the Eldeft Son of the Grand Signior, built in the hollow
of a Mountain. Xda, not far off, built by Zeila Son of TSIicomedes, fa-
mous for the Vidtory of Pharnaces over Strabo. 7rebizond, Trapefws
Str.tb, & Plin. Mel. &c. Trabifonda & Trebifonda Europ£ij. Tarabafar Tur-
cis icjh Leunc. the Seat of an Empire of (hort continuance, viz. 200
years from the year 12^1, to the year 1450. now the Refidence of a
Turk/fh Baflia. Tocat, the new Cjefaria of old, is a fair City, and one of
the mofl: remarkable Thoroughfairs in the Eafi , where are lodged
the Caravans from Perfu, Viabqmr^ Bagdat, Conjiantinople, Smirna, and . .
other places. The Chrijiians have there Twelve Churches, and there
relidts an Archbilhop, that hath under him Seven Suffragi'.is. The
only place in all Afia, where Safron grows ; in the :niddlc of the Town
is a great Rock^ upon the top whereof is an hi^h Caftle, with a Ga-

rifoii .;

^fb Of Turky in Jfta*

xifon to command the Neighbouring Parts ; Uis governM by an 'A£a
andC:/^i; for the Bafhaw lives at 5^^/, which is the ancient Scbafita,
a large City, three days Journey from locat. Laiazzo, the famous
Jffus near to TyU CylicU, where feveral Battels have been fought. In
modern Story, That of a Soldan of Eg>pt againft Bajazitiht fecond,
Emperor of the T:mk^, wherein he was defeated. In the fame place
Alexander the Great defeated D^riw inperfon. There Ventidim Ba^us
vanquiOi'd the Parthians. And Severiis the Emperor overcame Tefcen-
nitm Niger his Rival in the Empire. Not far off i\ood the ancient An-
chiale, built in the fame day andjyear in which Tarfus was by Sarda-
napaluf. Satalia, Attalia Ptol. Aht^li 1'urcis, tejie Leunc. is famous tot
its rich r^&f/fr/V/, and for giving Name to the Neighbouring Gulph
founded by Ptolowy Philadelphus King of Egypt. Among the Pavers ot
ACia the Dpi there is firft Jhermodon, upon whofe Banks the Amazom
inhabited, now called Parmon. Halt, Halys, Strak Ptol. & Pit. Laly
nig, Caftlirma P. Gyl. Otmagittchi & Aytotu turcli, tcjie Lemcl. was the
Bounds of the Kingdom of Cyrm and Crxfw. Granicm toward theHe^
Jefpont, Granted Sauf. Lazzara, tejle Nig. was the Witnefs ol the hrii
Vidory of Alexander the Great over the Per funs. PaUolm, Strah. Phn &-
Chryforhoas Sol. now Sarabat, near to Sardis and Ihyatira, was famous
forits golden Oar; Meander, Strab. Plin.&Zenoph.Meandros Ptol. now
Madre, ex Aulocrcnefonte oriens, for his Swans, and his Windings. Cyd-
riw near rarfus, now Carafu LeuncL whofe Waters were fo co d, that
they kiird the Emperor Fredrrick, Earharoffa, who bath d himfelt there-
in. And Alexander, who did the fame, was forfaken and given over
by all his Phyficians. ^ , ^ u • ,

The moft renowned Mountains of the Lef[er Afu, are Taurm, which
divides all ^Jz^ into two parts, as we have laid ahead y ; itisthemoft
famous Mountain in the World, for its Height, its Length, and tor
its Members CaucafiiS and Imaiis. Ida, near to 2roy, is famous ior the
iudsnent of Paris between the three GoddeiTes. On Mount Imolus
V/L' preferred Pan's Pipe before ApoUo's Harp. OnCragus was the
Monfter Chimera made tradable by Mhrophon. OnLatrr.as^^^Ld the
Loves of the Umi and Endymion. Mount Stella for the fatal Overthrow
of Mitbridates by Pompey, and Bajaz^et's by %merlain.

0/ Turhy in Aftal S5*

Oi s r R I A.

SYria^'Soria, It dps, La Sourie, Gallif ', Sunfian, 7urm'^^ Souriflan^
Incolkf. By the Ancients it was divided into three principal parts,
viz. Syria Tropria, Phoenicia and Palefiim^ or the Holy Land. At pre-
fent the Turkj divide it into three BcglerbegSy viz. of Halep, or Aleppo ,
Tripoli ox Tarabolof, and SchamoxVamafcus, which contains 16 or 20
Sangiackf^ whofe Names and Scituations being for the moft part to
us uknnown, I ftiall follow the Ancient Geography , and firft
fpeak of

Sj^yla Propria.

In theDivifion or Parts of this, I find much Contrariety among all
Geographers, and in all Maps. Baudrand tells us, 'tis divided into
Comagena , Thoenicia^ Coelofyria , Palmyrena^ and Selettcia. In another
place he faith, its parts are Syria Propria, Cxlocyria, Comagene, and Pal'
myrene.'

Cluverius faith, 'tis divided into Antiochency Comagene^ Cxlo-SyriJ^
and Palmyrene.

Golnitz, divides it into Comagena , Sekucia , Ccelo-Syria , and Idu"
m£a.

Heylin, into Phoenicia, Cxlo- Syria, and Syrophoenicia\ Bkait-^inio Coma"
gena, Coclo-Syria, Phoeniciay Vemafcena, and Palmyrena.

I come therefore to fpeak of the chief places in Syria Propria, which
are,

I . Antioch , or Anttochia magna , Theopolii a Ju^iniano Imperatore,
Kehbjta a S. Triniiate^ by the Tnrkf Antachia Lmncl. once the Metro-
polif of Syria, fituate on the River Orontes, now AJfr, or Hafei, 12
jMilcs from the Mediterranean Shoar. Once adorned with (lately
Palaces, Temples, &c. The Seat of fome of the Roman Empe-
rors.

The Suburbs, called Daphne, from .^poVjs Miftris fo called, turned
into a Laurel, now 5- Miles from A,n:och.^ was accounted one of the
moft delicious places in the World, Famous lor the Oracle and Tem-
ple of Apollo, who was here wortnipped in a Grove 10 miles in
compaf', planted with CypreiTes, and other Trees, fo full and clofe
together, that the Beams of the Sun could not dart through, wate-
red

^'i^d Of Turky in Jfii,

red with pleafant Streams, beautified with Fountains, and enriched
with variety of Fruits.

Aleppo^ Chalybon Katvolfio & TofteVo, Serosa^ Berou, or Beroe, ZonaM,
Cedreno & P. Gyll, Hkro-polU tefte Betlom. Sanfone & Brietio. At prefent
Aleppo or Halep^ is the greateft and principal City of all Syria^ and one
of the moft famous of the Eaji^ and the 3d in the OttumanEmfiie, if
we conlider it as the Rendezvous of the Caravans, and of the 7ur'
h^fh Armies •■, as the Magazine of Jewels, of Spices, of Silks, and 0-
ther coftly Commodities which are brought thither by Sea and Land,
and from thence fent into other parts of the World by the Port of ^-
iexandretta or Scandaroon.

3. Hamah Leuncl. Hamoitd Bellon, jiman aim & Damant in Mappa
Bleau, is the Apamea or Apamia of the Ancients , built by Sekucus^
and fo called from the Name of his Wife, feated in the midft of a
great Plain , encompafled with pleafant Hills , abounding in Corn
and Wine. Its Orchards fiored with variety of Fruits and Palm-
Trees. Its Gardens watered with many Channels drawn from the

'Orontei.

4. Hams^ Hemz. 7'urcif^ Hjman Bell Chemps Tojlel. & I. Kydo. Ca-
-wain Nigra., is the Emlfa Eufeb. EmiffaTtol. Hemefa Tlin. for pleafant fci-

tuation much as the fame with Hamah.

5. Seleucia^ built near the Mouth of Orontes by Seleucuf^ efteemed
the greateft City-builder in the World, viz. p of his own Name, 16
In memory of his Father Antiochus^ 6 bearing the Name of his Mother
Laodicea^ and three in remembrance of his Wife Apamcea, befides feve-
lal others, either built, repaired, or beautified by him. It had the
Surname of Pieria, called alfo Soldin Nig.& Seleucbcjelber. Leone SidO"
nienfi,

6. Zetigma, feated on the Banks of the River Euphrates^, where A-
lexandcr the Great pafled over on a Bridge of Boats.

7. Samofatba^ Scempfat L. Sidonienfi^ near the Banks of the Euphrates^
over which there was a Bridge for a paffage into Mefopotamia-, here was
born Lnciati^ and Vatdm Sampfatmm , Patriarch of Antioch^ who was
condemned for Herefie.

8. Palmira^ AmagaraOrtel.Fayd. Sanf. feated near the Defart of z^-
rabia^ famous for Zenobia^ who Hood in oppofition with Gallienus for
the Empire of the Eaji^ but was taken Prifoner, and led in Triumph
through Rome by Aurdian,

9. Adadd is memorable for the Viflory that Anm King of Arahin
obtained agdnft /^/ePfWer King of yewTj'*

10.25^*

Of Turky in Afta. ^55

10. Damafeui' Vamafco Europ£Pf, Sciam Minad^ Scham incolis LenncU
Vamas GalJis^ once the chief City of Syria , and one of the naofr an-
cient in all /ijia, feated near the River Chryforrhoas^ Pkarphar Hebrsis^
Adegele BeS. Farfar & Ferne Gijl. in a Soil fo fertile in Gardens, Or-
chards and Vineyards, a place fo pleafant with Rivers and Fountains,
fo fuifciting of Delights, fo ravifialng with Pieafures, that fome have
called it, The Paradife of the WorUy famous for the Temple of Zicha-
rias^ garnilhcd with 40 (lately Porches, and adorned with about pooo
Lanthoms of Gold and Silver. Ruined and deftroyed by the Perftanr,
Macedonians^ Romans^ Parthiani^ Saracens , Tai'tars , by the Soldans of
E^yp^ and by the lurks. After the Battel of JJfus^ Akxander the Great
found in Vamas 20C000 Talents of coined Money , and 500 Talents
uncoined.

Laudicha-, Laodicea Cic. Strah. Flin. "Laodics Tolyh. fo called from
Laodice the Wife of Antiochus^ and Mothgr of Seleucus, fur named Ca-
binfa^ called Lizz,a & Lyche Minad. & Olivario^ 100 Miles from Va'
mafcus.

There was alfo another Laodicea , Ttol. upon the Sea-coaft ,
30 Miles from Antioch Weft. Rhamata Hekr£is , Lyche incolis tede
Mol.

Bcrittts , now Bartuii or Berite , once much frequented by Mer-
chants, and others , near which is that noted Valley where ( as it
is faid ) St. George , by killing the Dragon , redeemed the King's
Daughter.

Biblus^ now Gibbeleth, was the Habitation of Cinivas the Father of
Myrrha, Mother to the fair Adonis y from whom the Neighbouring Ri-
ver took its Name •, once a Bithop's See, now defolate.

I had almoft forgot Alexandretta or Scanderoon^ the Sea- port 0^ Aleppo,
a confufed heap of paltry Houfes inhabited by the Greeh^ , who keep
Fudling Schools for the Mariners, and other meaner fort of the Peo-
ple, only the Dwellings of the Vice-Confuls are very convenient :
But 'Tavernier faith, They muft be Men who love Money that accept of
thofc Employments •, for the Air, like that at Ormus , is fo badf in
Summer efpecially, that if it doth not kill, yet they cannot avoid very
dangerous Diftempers ; And after fome ftay there, to remove to a bet-
ter Air, is to endanger their Lives : But Auri facra fames.

9 ^4 Of Turky in AftA.

Of Mefopotatnia.

TH E Vadan Aram of the Scripture, Trahin by the Perftans^ Jaz,ei'
rey by the Arabians^ Meredin by the Armenians , by the Tttrki T)i-
arbeck, , is a Peninfula between the Euphrates and Tygris on the IVefly
South and Eaft j and on the North, the Mountains fcparate it from Tur-
comania-, the 5(?«//? part defart and barren, the Northern pzrt abound-
ing with Corn and Wine.

A Country nneraorable for the Birth of Abraham and Rebecca ; the
long Abode of y^cot, and the Birth of his Children, the Original of
the Hebrew Nation.

SuccefTively fubjedled to the Babylonians, Ajfyrians , Medes and Per'
fians ; from them conquer'd by the Romans ■•> recover'd again by the Per-
fians, then fell into the power of the Sarazens, and now enflaved un-
der the Turk/.

Chfpha, or Ourfa, is the ancient Edefa, Edtjfa , Ptol. & Plin. Edefa
Strab.

Erech^ by the Hebrews and Rages, as VtVanovanus tells us, Orpha by
Paulus Jovtus. Rotas by Hiithonus , Rhoas & Khoa Ni^er. Orfa by
P. Gyllius, Rohai al. Orrhoai Arab. The Capital City of Mefopotamiay
where they drefs the Yellow Cordovant Skins, the Blue at iocat, the
Red at Viabek^r,

Carrha, known to the Romans for the death of wealthy Crajfus, Orfa
Baud. Heren, Nig. & Sanf. Dr. Leonard Rontvolf, who in Anno 1575-
was at Haran, tells us it was then called Ophra, i i days Journy, ot
232 Miles from Moful or Kmiveh \ That it was a fair City, well inha-
bited, and richly furnifhed with Merchandize, but efpecially with fair
Coverlets of divers Colours.

tavernier and 7hevenot tell us , That Our/a is built where flood the
ancient Edeffa, memorable in the Church Hiftory for the Story of Aba-
garus 5 and in Roman Hiftory for the death of the Emperor CaracaVa -,
and by the Report of the Inhabitants, the place wher€ Abraham li-
ved': So that Hjvan, Edeffa, Carrha, and Orfa, feem to me to be all
the fame City. The Walls of the City are of Free Stone, with Bat-
tlements and Towers, but Pvuinous within i upon the South-fide there
is a Caftle upon a Hill, with fome old pitiful Guns. The City is go-
verned by a Balhaw, ^ ^ , ■
Viarbek^er, or Viarbsquir, is alfo the Caramit or Caremu & Carahemtt
turds , tefie Leuncl the Amida of Frocop. Amni£a Ptol. Hemit incolis

Of Turk) in Afia. ^ 5 ^

%lim ConjlMtia di^a tefle Baud. Zoriga MJet. feated near the Tygris, a
Frontier Town of great Strength, the Seat of a Turkjfh BaQia, con-
taining two or three fair Piazza's, ani a migiiiticent Mofque, for-
merly a Ghriftian Church. 'Tis well peopled, containing, by Re-
port, 2000 Cbrijiians, | Ac/mniMs^ the retl Ne{ioreans^ and fome few
Jacobites. Fanaous for its Red Mitroquinr , furpalling in Colour all
others in the laft, as alfo for excellent V/ine and good Bread.

B/r, or Birigeon, is feated on the Eu^^hrates., upon the Brow of a Hill,
Plenty of Bread, Wiae and Fifli.

Sbsrindy Tav. tcbamMck^Toiv. is a very good Town, with a fair
Inn, and vecy gT)d Biths round about it, near which is a Moun-
tain, on the top whereof is a Fortrefs , with a Garifon, which the
Grand Vificr in the Year 1^3 i. after his lofs at Bagdat^ intended to
have made his Refuse, but was ftrangled before he could accomplifli
his defign.

Vadacardia 7av. The Ruincs whereof denote it to have been a
large Town, but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but
the Hollows of Rocks.

Coufafar lav. Kodgiafar Thev, is a Village where you pay the Cu-
ftoms of Viarheqtiir lav. rather of Merdin tejh Thev.

Merdin, Mard->. Herob. Ftol. Msrdino Onupb. Mirdin. Barb. Mtrdanwm
Trocopio^ two Leagues from Kodgiafar^ is a little City i'eated on a Moun-
tain with good Walls, and a Caftle, where is refident a Baftia, who
hath under him 200 Spahi^s., and 400 Janifarks.

Karafara Tav. Caradene Thev, ihews the Ruines of feven or eight
Churches, and was once a great Town, one day's Journy from
Nesbin.

Nesbin is but the (hadow of the ancient Nifibi^ of Strab. Ptol. Plut.
Tlin. and formerly a great Town , now hardly an ordinary Vil-
lage.

Af>/«/, upon the Weft fide of the River Tyg^rh^ is encompaffed with
Walls of rough Stone, plaiflered over with little pointed Battlenr^nts
on the top. It hath a Cafile built of Free Stone, and the Walls are
about three Fathom high *, on the Land fide feparated from the Town
by a Ditch five or fix Fathoms broad, and very deep. In the Caftle
there are fix large Guns, whereof one is broken, and one is mount-
ed ; feveral Field-pieces, whereof two mounted.

The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in
France^ but deep and rapid, and in Winter *tis as broad again.

And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanfuti's Map of
this Country, viz. That befides the miftakes of Rivers, he hatfa

Z z 2 , made

3 $6 Of Turky^ in Ajja,

made (b many Faults in the pofltion of Places in their Diftances, as
alfo in their Names , that nothing^ of the Country is true in the
Map. -^^^''i

T>iarhec\^ taken in general, comprehends Arzerum, the yiffyria of
oldy and Terac the ancient Chaldea^ or Babylonia, the chief Cities where-
of are Babylon and Nineveh, which were heretofore very famous, now
altogether ruined : Nineveh juft over againfi M^ful, was the Refidence
of ehe King of /^ffyrta, 24 Leagues in Circuit. The voluntary death
oi Sardanafahu^ and the Repentance of the Inhabitants, have reuown-
ed it in Story, Towards the Frontiers of Ajjyria inhabited a War-
like People, called, T'he Curds^ where many great Battels have been
fought, viz. That at Arbda and Gaugamda, Plin. or Gangamela Strab^
now near to, if not the fame with , SchiaJjrazitr, the Scat of a I'iirkjfb
Beglerbcgj R.enowned for the Vidory of Alexander the Great againft
Varius, killing above 400000 Per/i<2/a-, with the lofs oi ^00 Alacedo-
nians. There the Calijfs won the Battel of Maragi ^ which made
them Matters of all Perfia. And near to Chny, Selim defeated Iflmael
Sepbi^ who had always been a Vidior before. Babylon lay a fmall day's
Journy from Bagdat^ which ftands upon the Tygris, and is only a heap
of Ruins in a place called Fdougia, near to which they (hew the place
where liood the Tower of Bahd^ famous for the Confulion of Lan-
guages.

This Babylon was built by Nimrod, whom fome affirm to be Belus.
Semiramis and Nebudyadnezz^r much augmented it : The firft of the
two having encompaffed it with fuch Walls as were accounted one o.f
the Seven bonders of the Worlds and the high and fair Gardens upon
the Terras were no lefsadmir'd. It was taken hy Cyrus, by Darius, by
Alexander the Great, who died there, and by Sekucus. The Power and
Wealth of Babylon was fo great, that it contributed more to the Grand
Cyrus, than the third part of all his Dominions. Next to Babylon , Se-
leucia, called Coche and Alexandria, then Seletfcia, from Antiochus the Son.
oi Sdeucius . tefie Martiano, now Bagdad, ox Bagadat,tefie Sanfone ; was the
moft confiderable City in all y4fia, and then Ctcftphon : Baghdat, or Baga-
dad, generally called Bahylonyis not only the Rendezvous of feveral Mer-
chants, but alfo of the Mahometans of all parts of JJtay who go to vilit
the Sepulchres of Ow^ and Haly, and other Mahometan Saints. It was a
long time the Refidence of the Caliphs* Vlity who was one of riiem, was
Mafter of one of the greateft Monarchies in the world •, for it extended
from the moft Weftern parts of Barbary, to the Eaji- Indies. Another
Caliph of this City, at his Death leff Eight Sons , Eight Daughters,
Eight Millions of Gold, Eight thoufand Slaves, and the Addition of

Eight

Of Turky in Aft a, ^^j

Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the year 1538. when Amurath
the Fourth rc-took it from the Ferfiifis , he caufed three men out of
every Tent through his Army to be caft into the Moat, and over them
a vaft number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks, that he might the more
eafily Affauk the Town, Kufa^ or Mecha Ali^ is a City, for which
the Mahomet jns have a particular Veneration, as being the Buryiag-
place of Haly. B.'Jforay or Balfora^ is the %ndnn of Strak Plvi, Ptol. a
Town near the Mouth of Tygrk^ which they of the Country call Shat.
It is large and pleafant, by reafon of its Palm- Trees. The conveni-
ency of its Ports furnifhes India and Perfia with Dates, which are Bread
and Wine to thofe that know how to order them. Some few years
fince, Bj/fofj fell under the Jurifdidlion o^ Ali-Bjjfa, who (til'd him-
felf King thereof , who left it to his SuccefTors , who enjoy it from
Father to Son, paying a fmall Tribute to the Grand Signior, who is
afraid to opprefs him left he fliould Revolt j but thefe two laft Places
properly belong to Arabia,

?58

Of Canaan.

:>/i

(E<uit.jo

The

3eTtius

ZiJo,

'fiS^

JTobah

Stcamti

--ft- Zo^tfAl

S li A

"Bal/atUa

•.^iriajVi

JLtrnutth -r^ r- ■"■/•••°.

, J... .,...„.„—,» ^ oCTtgan

■Iaanacha-..,<>£„haJJa

'-^

's V

;/«^; '^'^T; Z'^.^. f* .^e» 5^

ID "v*"^

e-edor"

Deter

■f'^. <?«*"»•. .f/uAji (r<i/ - fL,^ .-■ *

0 3ethpetor t/'- ^T^j

: 3.^-* — -^

'^'</-/ .■■•••••. '^'^ I i,>^°^rThe Deai Sea" -"^^^-^^^ V

^<>s

THis Country was firft Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham, and
called by his Name. He dying, left it to his Eleven Sons, that
bore the Name of the Children of Canaan , at what time it contained

52 King

Of Turky in Aft a. 359

52 Kingdoms, and 5 Satrapes: Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes,
that bore the Names of the Sons oi Jacob and Ifrael, being conquered
by Jofhna^ and pofTeflfed by the Ifradnes \ who for 38(5 years were go-
verned by Captains and Judges; after that, for 418 years, by Kings.
YxomKehohozm 10 Tribes revolted , who chofe the fugitive jF^roWw
for their King ; His SuccefTors were itiled Kings of Ifrad^ (o that it then
contained two Kingdoms, viz. i (1, oijudah, whofe Regal Seat was Je-
rufalem ; 2d, of Ifrael^ whofe Scat was at Samaria. After 255? years,
the Ifraelites were led into Captivity by the King oi Affyria^ fome fay
beyond the Cafpian Mountains , from whence they never returned.
And the JJfyrians poffefTed their Land , and were called Samaritans.
The People of Judah were alfo afterwards carried Captive into Baby-
lon by Ntbftchadnezzar^ after fet at liberty by Cynis^ and returned back
under the Gondu<3: of 'Ziruhbahel, After this, they were called Jen?/,
and the Country Jewry ; and for about 364 years they were governed
hy Arijlocracy ^ until the Miccabees ^ who, after many Conflidts with
their powerful Neighbours, upheld the Government 131 years; du-
ring which interval, the Remans under Pompey conquerM Judea-^ and
after the Death'of AntigonuSy the laft of the Race of the Maccabees^ Hsrod
is made King by Augujm and Anthony^ a man of admirable Virtues and
execrable Vices, fortunate abroad , unfortunate in his Family 5 his
Life tragical, his Death defperate. After whofe Death, the Kingdom
was divided into Two parts, half of it had the Title of Ethnarch^ the
other half divided into two 7'etrarchies . Archslaus baniihed and dying
in Exile , his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province , and the
Government committed unto Pontiw Pilate, by 7';kriiis Cdfar^ under
whom our Saviour^ the Holy Jej///, did futfer Death, when the Jevps
cried out, His 'Blood be upon Vs and Ours. A willi not long after ef-
fected with all fulnefs of Terror, for the Calamities of the War in-
flicted by Gallm, Vefpafian^ and litus^ exceed both Example and De-
fcription, and del^royed about 11 coco People. The Laud deihoycd-,
and on every Head an Annual Tribute impoied ; The J^rcs were quiet
until the Reign C'f Adrian^ when again they raifed new Com.motiors,
being headed by Berochab- ihdt countefeit MeJJiah', but Julius Severus^
Lieutenant to Adrian ^ razed 50 of their Strong Holds, and ^§'5
Towns, and flew 580G00; fo that the Countries lay walie, and the
ruined Cicies became an Habitation for Wild Bealts, and the Captivci»
were tranfported into Spain^ and from thence again exiled in the year
1500.

In which Inteival of time, the Country inhabited by othef People,
about the time of Conjiant/ne,. embraced the Cbrifiian R.c4igion : But in

tht

l6o 0/ Turky hi Jfia.

the Reign of Thocoft the Perfuns ovenan the whole Countiy of Palejline,
inBid^ing unheard-of Tortures on the Patient Chijlhns. No fooner
freed from that Yoak,but they fuflFcrcd under a greater by the execra-
ble Saracens^ under the Condu<fi of Omar^ who were long after expul-
fed by the Turkj^ then newly planted in ?^rfta by Tj-ngropilix, When
the ChrijUsns of the f^f/f, for the recovery of the Land, fct forth an
Army of 300000, Godfry of B longe the General, who made thereof
an abfolute Conqueft, and was eleded King o{ Jerufatem^ in the Spth
year of that Kingdom; and during the Reign of Guy, the Chrijlians
were utterly driven oat and deflroyed by Saladi/ie, the Egyptian Sultan^
who held it until Sdymus the Firft, Emperor of the Twrjly-, who in the
year 1 5 17. added the Holy Land, together with Egypt^ unto the Ottoman
Empire, under whofe Power it now is governed by Two Sanziac\sy
under the Baffa ofVamafcui ^ one refiding at Jerufalcm, the other at
Naploiu. It is now for the moft part inhabited by Moors and Arahi'
ans^ thofe pofTeiling the Vallies, thefe the Mountains j fome few T«rj^/,
many Greeks , with other Chrijlians of all Seds and Nations j fome
Jews^ who inherit no part of the Land, but live as Aliens in their own
Country.

The Cluorographical Divifion of CANAAN.

This Land oiCanaan^ within Jordan^ was divided into five Principal
Parts or Provinces, viz. ly?, Jevory in the Souths where King David's
Throne was fet, and the Holy City built, comprehending the Two
Tribes of Judah and BenjamitK 2d, Samaria in the midft, the chief
Seat of the Ten Tribes 01 Ifrael, containing the Tribe of Ephraim, and
the half Tribe of Manajfes. 3 d, Galilee in the North- Ea/?, where Chriji
^c/«/ was very converfant, and was divided into the Higher and the
Lower, containing part of /f/^«r , 2\\ Naptbali , and part of Zebulm,
4t^, Phosnicia on the North-lFeli part of Canaan y containing the Sea-
coaii of A (hnr and Zebulun. $thy The Land of the Philijiins upon the
If^eji of Canaan,, whofe Country was allotted to Judah^ Van, and Simeon,
thefe were always great Enemies to the Ifraelites s and from them was
the whole Land called Palejiine.

The Land of Canaan without Jordan , pofllfled by the Amorites ,
who had driven out the Moabites and Ammonites^ contained three Prin-
cipal Parts i ifi. Part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amo-
rites, in Hejhbon, taken from the Moabites, which was given to the
F^eitbenites. 2d, The Land of Gilead, which contained part of the

Kingdom

Of Turky in Afm, 361

Kingdom o( Sihoiti taken from the Jmmonites j and part of the King-
dom of Og King oiBaJhan, which was given to the Gadftes. 3^, The
reft of the Kingdom of Og, with half Gikad^ and the Pvegion of ^r-
gob, was given to the half Tribe of Manajfes: All which are delineated
in the Map, as alfo the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each
Tribe.

Once a Country To fertile, that it was called, ^ Landfljwmg mth
Mi\ and Honey i, adorned with pleafant Mountains, and luxurious
Vallies i neither fcorched with Heat, nor pinched with Cold. The
Wealth and Power of it fo great, the People, Cities and Towns fo
numerous, that there was no Country in the World that could com-
pare with it. But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Ven-
geance, a fad and difmal Mirror for all other like finful Countries to
view their Deftiny by. Jemfalem, though fallen from her ancient
Luftre, defervesftill our remembrance. Once her Kings, her Princes,
her Temple , her Palaces were the Greateft, the Richeft, the Faireft,
^nd moft Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glori-
ous, the Seat of Infinite Majefty, the Theatre of Myfteries and Mira-
cles, the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns, and the glory of the Uni-
verfe, but now leabod: It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar % Vefpafian
and Titus utterly razed it, and deftroyed above Eleven hundred thou-
fand People, v;. 'V

To defcribe this Country in all its Circumftances, to fpeak of its
Laws, Religion , its Divifions , Wars and Alterations ^ to write of
all the various Tranfadions that have hapned in it, would require a
Volume of it felf. I (hall therefore leave it to my aforefaid Defcription
of ihis part of the World, where I (hall give a more particular Geo-
graphical and Hiftotical Relation of its Cities, Towns, and other me-
morable Tranfadions, which will be a very ufeRil and neceflary In-
troduaiion into the Frinclpa's of ancient Geography and Hiftory.

Aaa Of

[$2

Of ARMENIA Major,
GEORGIA, &c.

GeoK-G^iaw
COMANIA

X...X -"v - "^-^ tr j^i .

AKwf/;/^ is divided by the Puver 'Euphrates info two parts, Maht
^ and M?>7or. The greater Armema is by the 'Tmhs cali'd Tttrcoma-
rjj •, by the Perfians^ thoura, Emnoe,^ or Jremnoe , by the Nijhrians^ Zd-
hecdihis^ by ^<2/;/^ff, Curdilhn^ by CV/^yer, P^;?^/ and C?W/.

The

Of Tnrlj in AfiA, ^^.

The Ancient Tnhabitants were the Mardi , and GoTdi^\ now the
lurcomans and Curdes. The \ni\ are faid to be defcended from Turque-
iian in Tartary, froni whence came the turki. The later are defcended
Irom the Ancient People of /ijfyria.

Ptolomy di^jidtd Armenia into iour principal Parts, which contained
2 0 Provinces, and 87 Citie?.

P/.«> accounted 120 Strategies, Governments, or particular Turifdi-
ctions ot every Provnice. -^

A Country much better known, and more Famous in Ancient Time
than now. 1 he Advantage of its Bounds, the Nature of its Situati-
on theMagnihcenceorfome of Its Kings, among which, Tv£r^«./, Son-
in-law to Mnlmdates Kmgoi Ponuu. hath been the mort Famous; its
Greatnefs, Government and Riches, much contributed to its Renown

In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers, Euphrates, ryaru,
Fbafis, and Araxer. ^ » /i. j

Euphrates, Perath Mofes, Frat Nkolaio, Morot fou r^rcis from one GA^
o^the Mountain ^«,./ falls this River, whkh div^id^s Z.""a d
Mefopotarma horn A[u Mmor, Syria and Arabia, defcends into Chaldea
where .t waters the Ancient Babylon, and joyns with tygr^s fomewhTt*

DeiOW DJZdatt

rygris HidcklEbr^is, regit CaM & Pinero , Dighth J.fepho de-
fcends from the Georgian Mountains, falls into divers Lakes lofcs it
felf divers times m the Earth, cuts through the Mountains, feparates
Mfopotama horn AJfyria, waflies the Ruines oiNmveh, receives the
Branches of the Euphrates, and difcharges it felf into the Perfial

Phafu or F^jCr^ hath its Head in the fame Mountain with the Eubhra-
tes, and runs Its Courfe towards the North i and after it hath paffed
100 Bridges, falls into the Euxine Sea. ^

;.f'1r-'Li'''^'*'t'^^'''^'T-p^^'^ 7^,^. runs Eailward, and joins
It felf with Kur.OT Cyrus , whofe Rife or Spring is from the other Hde
of the Mounta:n Mi.^ anj ^en falls ini;o the C./;..«la Since
thefe Rivers have here thdr Springs, Sanfon te^ls us, That if there vet
remains any marks by which we may difcover the place where the Ter-

other But Sir John Shardm makes the River Phafis to arife from the

dy, their Countenance commonly gi a ve, their Features well-propor-
tioned, and of comely Perfonage, but of a Melancholy and Sam'nine

A a a 2 a:_

^64 0/ Turky in J ft a.

Air. In their Humours, Covetous and Sordid, Heady and OKftinate $
of a dull and ftupid Apprehenlion, unlcfs in Merchandize and Trade*.
Yer, 'tisobferved, That thofe that arc broughfupin other Cout. tries,
are of a more acute Llnderlianding, plcafiiig and mtiry in Behaviour i
butthe Women are commonly ill-fhaped, longnoled, and not fo much
as toix^rably handfom. 'Ric.

^rmaiia was conquered in the Year i 5 1 5. by Stlimus the Firft, and
annexed to the Ottoman Dominions; yet the Armenians pretend they
cannot be made laves, by reafon of cerfain Privilcdges which their
PredeceiTors obtained from Mahomet^ when they allilted him to fettle
his Empire 5 upon which coniideration moft of the Merchants of Turky
go by the name of Armenians.

The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs,thechief of which
refidcsat Etchmeafen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard. Changlee Chilfe by the Turk/,
or Ouch Chilfe from the Three Churches, which are there built in aTri-
angle^ about two or three Leagues from Kivan, or Erivan.

The chief Places now are Erztrum, Theodofiopolis, P Gillio-, Sinera Mi'
nadaio, Aziris aliU, a Frontier Town, and Great Thorough- Fare, the
Refidence of a Baftia. The Houfes are ill built of Wood, without any
Order or Proportion, where are fome Remains of Churches. Taver-
nier tells us. That tho it be very cold, yet Barley grows there in 40 days,
and If^heat in 60.

Erez^ after Garifoned hyMufiapha^ was taken by Storm, and was
witnefs of Emirhamz firft Conteft with the Turk.

Cars^ Carje, or Char/a Leunc. a large City, but thin Peopled, feated in
a good Soil, the Rendezvous of the Grand Signiors Army. A days Jour-
ny from Kars, are to be feen theRuines of a great City called Anik^gee,
ftronglyfituate in ^Mjrjhj Tav.

Kivan, or Erivan, is feated in a plentiful Country now belonging to
the Sultan oiPerfia, being taken by Sha Sefi, who put all the Garifonto
the Sword. 'Tis famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine ;
not far froni this City are to be feen the Ruines of the Ancient Artaxata,
the Seat of the Ancient Kings of Jlrmma , tefte Tavirnier : So that Tffitf
in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients, as in our Geographical
Didionaries.

Najp.van, or Nachavan, the Ncxuana of Ptol. according fo the Opini-
on of the Armenians , is the moft Ancient City of the World , three
Leagues from Mount ^r^w^ the place where Noah lived after he came
out of the Ark. There is feen the Ruines of a great Mofque, which,
they fay, was one of the moft ftately Buildings in the World, ereded in
memory of Noah'*s burying-place.

Of Turhy in Aftn. ^65

In the Canderan Plains, not far from NaJJivan., was fought a memo-
rahle Battel betwixt the T'urk^ and Perfia-Uy where both the Enriperors>
Selym and Jfinad^ were prefent.

Van, the Artemlta Plin. Artctmita Strah. ArteTrAdita Ptol. is a great
City upon the fide of the wide Lake Arcijfa, or Arfaniai , now Lake
de Va'.ian^ feated on the top of a high Mountain, and is the Seat of a
lurkifh Beglerheg.

Betlis, by fonne faid to be the T'igranccerta of Plin. & Tac, belongs
to a Bey, or Prince of the Country, who neither acknowledges the
Grand Stgnm\ nor the Perfian Sultan. It is fcituate between two high
Mountains, guarded with a Calile and Draw-Bridge. The Bey, be-
fides the ftrength of his PafTes , is able to bring above 25000 Horfe,
befides Foot, into the Field. Near this place the Perftans obtained a
great Vidory over the Turks^ in which were flain five Sanz.iac}{F, 800
Janiz,aries.y 2000Q Soldiers, 40 pieces of Cannon taken, and i?oij/w-?«'/
Seraglioy in which were Beauties he not a little doted on, when Ibra-
him BalTa was ftrangled by a Mute.

Old Jiilpha or 7yulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians^
which SbaAhhas carried into Perfia, and is thought to be the Ariammem
of the Ancients.

Jjlabat^ a League from the Arof, the only Country that produceth
the RonoiKoot^ whofeufe is to dye Red, and fcr which there is a vaft
Sale all over Perfia and India.

Marante is famous for the burying-place of KcaFs Wife.

Sophiana is more like a Fcrert than a City.

The Convent of St. Stephens near Nakfii'anj was the retiring place
oi Su Matihcrv, and St. Bart bolomerp^ in the time of their Perfecutionj
a noted place for Devotion.

Of Georgia.

BEtween the Black^Sea and the Cafpian^Vics Georgia ^ fo called by the
Grecians from the word Georgoi., which lignifies Husbandmen :
Some will have this Name derive it ielf from that of St. George^ the
Patron Saint of all the Chriftians of the Gref^ Church. Under the
general Name whereof, we comprehend Mingrelia , Gurgijian, Zuiria^
and Comania : Provinces which the ancient Romans could not fubdue,
by reafon of the ruggednefs of the Mountains, which were known to
the Ancients by the Name of Caucafm^ made famous by the Fable of
Trometheiis. Mingrelia.^ with Avogafja, are the fame with Colchis, or
little more : Famous for the Amours oi Jafon and Medea, and for the
Conqueft of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts, Guf

3<^^ Of Turhy in Afuu

, Gurgijhn is the ancient Ikria ; Zuiria anfwcrs to the ancient Jlhania j
and Cvmania or Carcuffta coinpofeth feme part ot the Jfutic Sarmjtia
on the South of D.'«.

The ancient Kingdom of Cholchis was not Co fmall as now Ms rec-
koned, when it extended fr( m the Taliis M£>u<^ as far as Ibtria-, whofe
Capital City was alfo fo called, where our Modern Geographers place
Faffo. The Corax and Tbafu^ famous Rivers in ancient Hiltory, now
called Cndours and Rione^ ferve for its bounds, in length i lo Miles,
in breadth about do. It is new divided into three parts , viz. Mm-
gnl'ta^ Gimdf and Imiretta.

MingrcUa^ Odifche hicol. is a Country full of Hills and Mountains,
Vallies and Plains, almolt covered with Woods. The Air is temperate,
but very moid and unwholfome , in regard of the extreme wet Wea-
ther ; Co that in Summer the moilture of the Earth, being heated by
the Sun, caufcch trequent Peiiilences, and other Difeafes, very dan-
gerous to Strangers. It abounds with many Rivers, which fall from
the Mountain Ci/wcj///<, and difcharge into the B/ucil;^5'e^, viz. Codours^
the Corax of the Ancients. The lacbeur, which Arrian calls Siganm.
The Socum, fuppofed to be the T^rfcen of Arrkn^ and the fhajferis of
Ptol. The Lar.gHT, ihe JjiolphufoC o]6. The Kelmhel^ or Gobi oC Ar-
rian. The Cianifcjri^ Cw/;c«j of the Ancients. The Schemfcari, or R/-
ver Horfe^ by the Greeks H^ppiis. The Abafcia^ oiGlaucm of Strabo^ the
Caries of Arrian, and the Caritus of Ftol. Thefe two Rivers intermix
with the famous Thajis^ about 20 Miles from the Sea.

The Fhafjs, by the Turks Fachs^ by the Inhabitants Rione ^ at the
Mouth is about a Mile and half over. There are feveral fmall Iflands
in the Mouth of it , upon the biggeft of which Sultan Morat built a
Fortrefs in the Year 1578. when he attempted the Conqueft of that
Country, the Ruines of which are now to be feen,but no Remainders
of the Temple of Rhea to be feen, which was confecrated to the Wor-
ihip of Chrill in the Reign of the Emperor Zeno -, nor any Ruines of
the ancient Scbafla^ or the famous Colchis , now to be feen. And the
City F.?/l;, placed where Chalets dood by our htc Geographcrj.y is alfo a
great miftake, tejie Sir John Char Jin, who was upon the place.

The Country produceth little Corn or Pulfc, the Fruits are moft
wild and unwholfome s that which thrives beft is the Grape, of which
there is great plenty, and the Wine moft excellent, ilrong, and a
good Body, plealing to the Tafte, and comfortable to the Stomach 5
Co that if the People knew how to make it rightly, there would be
■ no better in Afza.

^ Their

Of Turky in Afia. j^-

Their ufual Grain is Gem, which is as fmall as Coriander Seed
and very much refembles Millet, whicli is fowed i,i Spring time after
the fame manner as Rice, by making a hole in the ground with their
Finger, then put in the Grain, and cover it, which produceth a Stalk
liiie to the Sugar-Cane, at the end of which there is an Ear that con-
tains above 300 Grains. This boiled into a Parte, is the only Bread
ot all the Inhabitants of the Blac^Sea, (wmPalui M^ctis round toTre-
bizond.

Befides this Gom, they have Millet, Rice, Wheat and Barley,
which two laft they fow upon the Ground without plowing ^ for the
Oround is fo foft, that it takes root a foot deep in the Mold, and
comes up without any trouble.

The ordinary Food of the Country is Beef and Pork, very plenty,
and fo good, that the World affords no better. Their Wild-Fowl is
good, but fcarce. Their Venifon is the Wild Boar, the Hart, the
btag, the Fallow Deer and Hare, which are men excellent. There
are Partridges, Pheafants, Quails, and Wild Pidgeons in abundance.

In the Mountains of Caucafus are bred great numbers of Eagles and
Pelicans, Hawks, Hobbies, and other Birds of Prey, and other ilrange
x?r^) p""^"°^" "1 ^"'^ Pai'ts. And the Foreirs produce a number of
Vv^ild Beafts, as Tygers, Lions, Leopards, Wolves and Chacals.

At Vigivitas is a Church with three Bodies, where they fay St. A-^
drew preached in that place, and the Catholkos once in his 1 fe goes
thither to make the Holy Oyl.

WMmgrelia are neither Cities nor Towns, only two Villages by the
bca-hde. Ifgaour is the chief Port and grand Market of Mmmha
Anargbia is the mort confiderable Village built, where iiood the anci-
eiu Heraclea. But all the Houfes are fcattered up and down in the
Country, that you cannot travel a mile, but you Oiallmeet with three
or four together.

There are about nine or t^n Cartlcs, at the ch-efeft whereof, called
Kms, the Prince keeps his Cour. Tis furrounded with a ili.ht rtone
Wall, and guarded witn a few Cannon, but the rert of the Caities-
lave none. Saptas is the name of two Churches, one of which be-
longs to the Ihmhies.

the Mingrdian men are endued with all mifchievou? Qualities
there IS no wickednefs to which they are not inclined. All addicted
to Thievery, which they make their Study, Employment, Partime
and olory. Aififfination, Murther, Lying, are efteemed noble and
brave Aaions. Drunkennefs, Fornication, Adultery, Bigamy, In-
c€ft, are Virtues m Mm^di,, Otheiwile good Soldiers, wdi Ihaped,,

ride

^58 P/" T»^h ^^ -^f^'

tide a Horfe well , and handle their Lance with extraordinary dex-
terity.

The Women of Quality are very handfome and well (haped, having
Features and Glances very charming and obliging, naturally Tubtle
and quick of Apprehenlion, extremely civil and complemental, otiier-
wife the molt wicked in the world. Haughty, perhdious, deceitful,
crueK and impudent to procure their Lovers, or to deftroy them.

Thj Education of Children in Miiigrclia, is the mod lewd and vici-
ous in the world ; their Fathers bring them up to Thievery, and their
Mothers to Obfcenity.

The Inhabitants o( Caucafw that border upon Colchis, are the Ala-
«c.r, whofe Country was formerly the Northern Frontier of Armenia ;
The S nan's, the Gigu's. the CaracioUs, by the 'lurks called C^r^Ckr^/,
that is the Blach^ Circafians , by reafon of the Fogs and Clouds that
darken their Sky, though elfe they are thefaireft People in the world.
Formerly they wereChrilhans, and yet retain fome Relicks andCu-
ftoms of it, but now profefs no Ft^eligion, but live by Robbery and
Fvapine, ignorant of all Arts and Sciences, more tall and portly than
other People, furious in their Looks, and their Difpofitions and Cou-
rage no lefs favage i the moft daring Robbers, and moa refolute Af-
falTins in the world. . t j

The Nagayan-tartars for the moft part inhabit the Champaigne Land
about Ajiracan, living in Tents fenced with Stakes and Palifadoes, to
(ecure themfelves from the Affaults and Infolences of Night- Robbers,
and the Kalmuck^ Tartars , who oftentimes furprize them unawares,
and carry away both Men and Cattel.

The Country of Curiel is very fmall , feparated from Mingnlia by
the River Thafu : And in every thing, as to its Nature and the Man-
ners of its Inhabitants, it refembles Mingrelia, for they have the fame
Religion, Cultoms, and the fame Inclinations to Lying, Robbery and

G^l'isa large Caftle, Four- fquare built, of hard and rough Stones,
of a great bulk, feated upon the Sea-fide ; it hath four Walls and two
Gates, but no Trenches nor Fortificationsi belonging to the Prmce ot
Gttrid, diftant from Thafts about four Miles.

Akalzik is a Fortrefs, built upon the Defcent of Mount Camafus,
feated in a hollow place among Hillocks, fortified with double Walls,
and flanked with Towers, both built with Battlements after the An-
cent manner, defended with a few Guns, and is the refidence of a
rmm Baffa. Adjoining to this Fortrefs is a large Town, conliftmg
of about four hundred Houfes, all new, and of a late Eredion,

mha-

Of Turky in j4fta, 3^9

inhabited by, %ttrks , Armenians^ Georgians ^ Greeks, Jews and C/^/'-
i^ians. , .;■> :i;jci) i.uai hhov 1 ■ i vj :r:t>M •j:.35:)wOm c Vii^A .:yut'LiA\

Imlretta Is calkd by the7W%, PtfcJ&dfci^«^i*l^;-o'f Pk^iii^^fwfcj^^j^, the
Little Prince 5 is a Country full of Woods and Mountains, but the
Valleys are lovely, and the Plains moft pieafant : Here Money is coin-
ed, and here are fevcral Towns ; but as for the Manners and CuKoms
of the Inhabitants, they are the fame as in MingreMa. The King hath
four good Caftles, viz. Scander, feated upon the iide of a Valley, Regia
and Scorgia^ both almoft inacceffible in the Mountains, and naturally
fortified j 4 CotatU^ bearing the Name of the Town and Country
round it ; perhaps the Catatene oi Ptol. go miles from the mouth of
the River Vhafis^ built at the foot of a Hill, conlifting of about 200
Houfes i it hath a Fortrefs built with feveral Towers, and a double
Wall.

Thefe Three Kingdot^s are tributary toithe Turks. TheTributebf
the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls^ from Ten to Twenty years
of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes. And
the Prince of Mingrelia doooo Ells of Linnen Cloth made in that
Country.

The Princes of A4i«gre/(j^gi;iFe,tjhemfeIves the Title of D^^i^w, that
is,., tiie Head of Juftice. jf-j ; ;.:rjifin:cl bfis fnA'lp ■^;il/.>fvvonHani v'i

, - ■■'■'. I ,;Iiilmo 1;^^

,, . , Cy Gurgiftan. ■ ' 11. '; e : •

GEorgia^ by our modern Geographers and the Perfians^ is called Giti"
gifiaa , by rhe Georgians Carthml By fome Authors 'tis divided
into four particular Provinces, vjpu. Imirett^ and Guriel, of which we
have fpoken before 53. Caket 5 4. Carthuel. Thefe two lall are un-
der the Terfian Dominion ; and this is that which the Pcr^^w call Gur-
gifian^ and the Georgians Cdrthueli,

It is a Country full of Wood, and very Mountainous, yet endofes
a great number of pieafant Plains ; and the River Kur, the Cyruf of
the Ancients, runs through the mid 11: of it. . ...i . ..:

The Temper of the Air is very kindly •, tbfir Fair; weather begins;
about May, and lads till the end oiNovembxr. The Soil, if well wa-
tered, produces all fort of Grain, Herbs and Fruir in abundance;
therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined, where a man may
live both delicioufly and cheap. Their Bread as good as any in the
world, and their Fruit of all forts is very delicious. Nor is there any
part of Europe .X\\d,i producetb fairer Pears and /Apples, or better tafied ;,
nor any part of Afia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates.

B b b Their

37© Of Tnrky in Ajla,

Theit Cattel very good and plentiful ; their Fowl of all forts is inconi-
parable. There is no better Meat in the world than their young Por-
kers, of which there are abundance. The Cafpian Sea and Kur River
furnifti it with all forts of Salt and Frefli Fifli j and there is alfo no
Country where they drink more or better Wine : No men are more
addidted to their fenfual Pleafures, and beaftial Voluptuoufnefs , that
is, to Drunkennefs and Luxury ; neither are the Women lefs vicious
and wicked, having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex, and
contribute more to that torrent of Uncleannefs , which overflows all
the Country.

Nature, faith Sir John Chardin, hath beftowed upon the Women of
that Country Graces and Features which are not other-where to be
feen; fo that 'tis impoflible to behold them without loving of them>
more charming Countenances, nor more lovely Statures and Propor-
tions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man : They are Tall,
clear Limb'd, Plump and Full, but not over-fat, and extremely flen-
der in the Walk ; but that which fpoils all, is their Nafty Shifts, and
Painted Faces.

The Men are naturally witty j nor would there be more Learned
Men, or more Ingenious Mafters in the world, were they but improved
by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences •■> but their Education is fo mean
and brutifli, having nothing but bad Examples, that thofe Parts are
altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance , fo that they are gene-
rally Cheats and Knaves , Perfidious , Treacherous , Ingrateful and
Proud.

There are feveral Biftiops in Georgia^, an Archbifhop and a Patriarch,
whom they call Catholicos : There are alfo many Churches 5 but no-
thing remains of Chriftianity, unlefs the name of their Fafts, for they
neither know or pradife the leaft Precept of the Law of Jefw Chriji,

The Church-men alfo will be as drunk , and keep Female Slaves
for their Concubines, as well as others.

The Nobility exercife a more Tyrannical power over their Subje<^s
than in Mingrelia^ challenging a right over their Eftates, Liberty and
Lives; if they feize upon them, whether Wife or Children, they fell
them, or difpofe of them as they pleafe.

The Province of Cartbuel contains no more than four Cities, Gori^
Suram^ Aly and leflU ; Gori^ or Kori^ Armatica or HarmafiU^ of old, iejh
Sanf. isafmallCity feated in a Plain, between two Mountains, upon
the bank of the River CW, at the foot of a fmall Hill, upon which
there is a Fortrefs built, which is garifoned by Native Vcrfians,

;}'^i; . Suram

Of Turky in Afi(U ^71

Sutam is a fmallTown,but the Fortrefs is lar^e and well built, ha-
ving 100 Men in garifon,

Tf^fef, Anaxata Plin. Artaxia 'tac, Artaxiafata Strab. by the Georgians
Cala^ by fome lehek-cala ; is called alfo Darel Melee v by P. Jovius
Choim, the faireft City in Georgia, feated at the bottom of a Mountain,
at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is en<rompafled^
with ftrong Walls, defended with a large Fortrefs on the South- fide j
it contains about 14 Churches, fix belonging to the Georgians^ and
the reft to the Armenians. The Cathedral, which is called Sion , is
feated upon the bank of the River , built of all fair hewen Stone.
There is not a Mofque in 7eflis^ though the City belongs to a Maho-
metan Emperor, and governed by a Mahometan Prince. The Bazars
or Market-places are very fair and large , built of Stone. The Inns
or Caravanfera'^s are no lefs beautiful. The Prince's Palace is one of the
moft beautiful Ornaments in Tejlk 5 it hath been twice under the
power of the 7«rj^/, once in the Reign oilfhmael the fecond, King of
Ferfta^ and in the Reign of his Succeffor. Solyman took it almoft at
the fame time as he did 7aurU.

The Kingdom of Cak^t is at prefent in fubjedion to the King of
Verfiay governed by his Viceroy. The Cities are all Ruines , unlefs
that which is called Cah^t^ or Ka}^et,

In the Northern part of that Kingdom, the Amazons are fuppofed to
have inhabited. ?toh fixes their Country in the Afiatick, Sarmatia to
the Weft of Wolga. ^intim Curtius faith alfo, that the Kingdom of
thalejiris was near to the Kiwcr Fhafis 5 and Strabo^ fpeaking ot the Ex-
peditions of Pompey and CanidiuSy is of the fame opinion.

^iria borders upon the Cafpian Sea ; its chief Places are Verbent,
Caucaft£ Pori£y Plin. or PyU Iberia Ortel. Demir & temir-Capi lurcU,
Alexandria^ Porta Ferre£, & Cafpi£ Fort£^ of old , now belonging to
the Perfians i it Is a great Market for Slaves, and is a ftrong walPd
Town, faid to be built by Alexander the Great. And Tarky, at this
day under the Duke of Mofcovy. Some Authors tell us of Stranu or
Zambanachj which anfwers to Ancient Albana-, of Zitach, or Gorgora,
thoughj^ fo be the Ancient Getara^ or Gagara of Ptolomy, and Chipeche
to be the Ancient Chabala.

It contains the Circaffian and Vagejian Tartars : The Circajfian Coun-
try is very fertile, producing good ftore of Fruit and Grain, and alfo
good pafture Ground. The Men are very Corpulent and Robuft, have
broad Faces, but not fquare, like the Crmn and Ca/wac^/ •, ofafwar-
thy yellow Complexion, fliaving their Heads and Beards after a ftrange
manner j a furly ill-natui'd People, good Horfe-men : Their Arms

B b b 2 are

^y^ Of Turk) in Jfia,

are a kind of long Bow, which they handle with great dexterity
Their Women are very fair and lovely, with Black Eyes, well pro-'
portioned in their Bodies, of a middle Stature.

The Vagejian or Daghejian 7'artars inhabit the Hilly Country, which
lies towards the Sea ; the Men are in Shape and Habit much like the
Circas-'tartars 't their Arms are Bow and Arrows, and a Scimitar :
When they ride out, they have Spears and Launces, a Helmet and
Target 5 great Men- ftealers, which they fell totheT«rJ^r and Perfians.
The Dagejian Tartars arefubje(^ to feveral Princes and Lords, who are
independently foveraign.

hboMtVerbent appear the Ruins of a Wall, which is faid to reach as
far as the Euxine Sea ^ and in many places of the Country appear the
Ruins of many Caftles.

Schamachy^ Sammachi & Summachi, the Cyropolis of Ptol. Circambate^
Terfis > Cyfelethy Arabibus, was once a ftrong place, but in the Wars of
the 7ur}{ and Perftans it was difmantled, and made an open Village,
The Streets are narrow, the Buildings low ; it hath a fpacious Mar^t-
place or Bogan , having feveral Shops and Galleries, rich in Merchan-
dizes ^iid Manufadlories, but much fubjed to Earthquakes.

?7?

■^ Of the ISLANDS -about

SOme of thefe Iflands have been very remarkable to Antiquity, o-
thers to us at prefent. The molt remarkable are ;
I. 7enedos^ Calydna & Lemophryn. Eu^l. Phenice & Lyrnejfas Flin.TeneJo
Sop.\y^hiQh produce tnoli excellent Mufcad me Wines and cheap.fcituate

near i

374 Of Turky in Jfu.

near the Mouth o( the Hellefpont oppofite to Troy^ famous for the con-
cealing of the Grecian Navy.

2. Metelino, Lesbos fiu Mytlena^ of old Antiffci ^ Pelafgia^ Macarea^
Hemerte, Lafia, JEgyra & JEthiope^ Pl/n.&aliiu Itschief City isMe-
ielhief which for its ^reatnefs, and excellency of its Wine, gives Name
to the Ifland. Here was Sappho born, the Inventrefs of the Sapphick^
Verfe: Vittacus-, one of the Sages of Greece-, and Arion the Dolphin
Harper.

3. Chios, of old Italia-, Mthale, Macris & Pityufa^ now Ohio or
Scio^ by the Turkj Sacher^ by the Terfians Seghex, diltant from the /<?«/-
an Shores about four Leagues, in compafs about 124 Miles. It affbrd-
eth excellent Fruits in great plenty, but is raoft remarkable for its Mu-
•fick, for its Honey, for the Church of its Convent oiNiomem^ once
one of the faireft in the world. And for the Sepulchre of Homer. It
was given to the Gennues by the Emperor Andromcus PaUologm., and by
them pclTeffed. Ann. i5<^5. it was by Selimm -yecrW/^ fraudulently
fujrprized and taken, and now fubjed to the 'tur}^.

4. To the Well of this Ifland lies Pfyra.^ a fmall Ifland now called
Pfara, witnefs of the unhappy Fate of a great part of the Venetian Fleet
1547, and the lofs of G. Gr/w^«i, then drowned.

5. Icaria^wovfNicaria^oioi^'Doliche^ Macris & Ichthief a. It abounds
in Corn and Pafturage, in compafs about So Miles, and is remarkable
for the Shipwrack oilcariu. The poorert, and yet the happieft Hie of
the whole Mgean Seai (he Soil barren, but the Air healthful , their
Wealth but fmall, but their Liberty and Security great.

6. Samos is one of the greateft and moft remarkable Iflands of the
Archipelago^ the Country of Pythagoras^ and once a Kingdom, and go-
verned by its own Kings. It is now about 26 French Leagues in com-
pafs, and counts i8 Towns and Villages.

The Ruines of the old City of Samos .^ are fix Miles in compafs, over
againft the old City ; about a Mile diiiant (lands the new, now called
■Megale Chora f where is theRefidenceof the Archbithop (lately in L^«-
^on) the Cadee j^ga, &c. Mons Cercetius , or the Mountain Kerkis is
the highcft of the whole Ifland, and is covered with Snow almoit all
the Year, and hath a Lake on the top well ftored with Eels.

The little Samos abounds with a Flower which hath a fragrancy
like Musk, and hath alfo this quality, That time doth not decay, but
augment the fragrancy of its fmell. This Flower is tranfplanted into
the choiceft Gardens of Confiantimpk , and the Grand Signior wears it
ordinarily in its turbant.

Carlovafy

Of Turky in Afia, ^75-

Cdrlovafy is the fecond Town in the Ifland, having 5*00 Houfes,
and five Churches , a place of great Trade to Sea, and yet their Port
is (6 unfafe, that they are forced to load their Veflcls afliore, and fo
launch them off. Nor muft I forget the Samian VelTels, fovereign for
divers ufes in Phyfick and Chirurgery. —

Between Nicaria and Samosy lie the noted Pvocks once called Melan-
thii, now Fornoli,

7. Patbmof^ Falmofa, Soph. & Bel. now Patino:, by Georgerines^ 36 Miles
in compafs.

Once famous for the Refidence of that great Apoftle St. John, and
for thofe wonderful Revelations which that Evangelilt had there, du-
ring his Baniftimcnt in the time of the Perfecution under Vomitian^
which to him indeed wzs y^pocalypfe, but to zW Others j^pocrypha.

The Port called Scala on the VVeft fide towards Naxos^ is the beft
of all in the Archipdago, near which is a Rock of a great heighth, cal-
led Synops, from the Magician in St. Johns days. The Ifland is well
ilored with Vines, Fig- Trees, Lemon and Orange Trees, and Corn,
but all fubjed to the Robbery of Pyrats , as well Chriflians as Maho-
metans ; fo that Poverty is their bell: Protection againft Rapine , and
Patience the only Remedy againft their Tyrannical Oppreffion.

8. Heron, now Lero, about 1 8 Miles in compafs, noted for /^/<7ej-.
p. Claroi, now Calamo, 40 Miles in compafs, very mountainous,

once facred to Apoht abounding alfo with plenty of Aloes.

10. Com, Cos, or Coa, formerly Meropes, Carta & Nymph<ea, now
Lango. Nig. Stancora 7urcis. It is in compafs 70 Miles, furnifhed
with fweet and pleafant Streams j and is famous for being the Birth-
place of Hippocrates^ the Revivor of Phyfick > and ApeVes the famous
Painter.

11. Carpaihos, now ScarpantCf in compafs ^o Miles, ftored with the
beft Coral.

12. Khodiu, Ophiufa&TelchiniSy Strab. A(ieria, JEthraa, Trinacria^
Corymhia, Poeffa^ Atabyria, Macaria & Colojfa, according to the Anci^
ents, in compafs is 135 Miles. Its Soil fertile, its Air temperate;
plentiful in all things as well for Delight as Profit ; full of excellent
Partures, adorned with pleafant green Trees. The Sun is here fo
conftant, that it was dedicated to the Sun, and held facted to Phcd>iis,
to whom they eiefted that vaft ColvJJ'm of Brafs, accounted one of the
Seven Wondirs of the World, faid to be 50 Cubits in heighth, every
Finger as great as an ordinary Statue, and the Thumb too great to
be fathomed, made by Chareies o^ Lindm. It was 12 years a making,
and 66 years afterwards thrown down by an Earthquake, poo Ca-
mels-

rj6 Of Turky in J fa.

mels were laden with the Brafs which was ufed about it to faften and
hold faft: the Stones. \-ur

The Town or City is well fortified with a treble Wall, and five
ftrong FortrclTes, embracirg a moft fafe and admirable Haven, given
to the Knights of St. John de Acre^ or Jerufalem, by Emanuel the Grcf/^
Emperor in the year 1308. but in the year 1522. after it had been
defended againft the Infidels 214 years, it was taken by Solyman the
Greaty and after fix Months Siege it was furrendred, Vihrm being the
great Mafier, to the general difhonour of the Chriilian Princes in
their tardy Succors.

13. Cyprm, oi o\d Crypta^ or Crypton. Ftol. It was alfo called Cfr^/?/'/,
Cethin & Cethina, then Amathufia^ Taphia^ Salaminia^ Macaria^ Cithe-
reoy Achamantis^ Afperia, CoVinia & Erafa. It is in circuit, according
to Strab. 427 Miles. To Plin. 375. From the rocky (hore of Cilicia
60 Miles, and from the Coaft of Syria 100. During the Empire of
the Perftans and Macedonians .y it contained nine Kingdoms : but by Ptol.
divided into four parts, Salamina^ Amathufia^ Lapatha^ and Paphia^ (o
named of their principal Cities.

I, Salamis Ptol. Salamine Plin. was built by Teucer, when banilhed
by his Father T'elamon.

Afterwards called Con(ianua Stepk but deftroyed by the Jerps in the
days of the Emperor 7rajan,

And lafily, by the Saracens in the Reign of Heraclitm^ from the
Ruines whereof the Harnacojias^Fama Augujia^ now Famago^a was ere-
died by King Co/?d, ihe Father of Queen Katharine^hmous in Story for
the unfor(mi3 te Valour of the Venetians., under the Command of Sig-
nior Brdgadine^ againfi the furious AfTaults of the Army o{ Selymm II.
condudted by Muilapha, w'ho caufed them all to be rr.urthcred but the
Governour, whom he fl?ad alive, after the Surrender of the Place up-
on honourable Conditions.

In Lapathia^ where once fiood Tremithuf, Trimethm Ptcl. Tremjfjnfa^
or Tnmituge Soph, now flands the Regal City of Nicofia^ Leucafta &
Leucotheon Gr£c- Ledrinfu d Leuihmi Soph, of a circular Form, and five
Miles in circumference, taken by the aforefaid Mufiapha, Ann. 1570.
with-an uncredible Slaughti^r.

North of this, and upon the Sea, fiood Ceraunia^ or Ceronia^ Cirynia^,
Tlin. Caryfiiii & Cerinium Ortel. now Cerines., eredfed by Cyrus^ a Ihong
place, yet yielded to theT^rJ^/ before it was befieged.

Amathm^ now Limifo^ Sacred unto Vam -, and wherein the Rites
and Sacrifices of her Adonim were annually celebrated ; faid to be built
by Amafis^ who was the firft that conquered C)//)>"«ir. Our late Naviga-
tions

Of Turky in Afia. J77

tions tell us, that Larricho is the City from whence our Merchandize
comes that is laden at Port Salines^ or Larntca, To called, of the abun-
dance of Salt that is there made, and here the Imk firft Jand^d his
Army, the chief Port in Cyprus.

Further Weftward is a PrGmontory^ inform of a Veninfula^ now cal-
led, Capo dih Gatte^ formerly Curias, from a City not far di(knt of the
fame Name, now called Epijcopia. On this Promontory is the Ruines
of a Monaftery oi Greek^Colcieros^ who breed up Cats to deftroy Ser-
pents, and to return home upon the found of a Bell, and therefore by
fome called the Cape of Cats.

Phrurium Promont. now Bianco,, is the place from whence they were
thrown that but prefumed to touch Apollo's Altar in the adjoining
Grove.

Paphos Nova, Ptol Nea Paphos^ Plin. PaUpaphos^ St rah. & Mela Pa-
phium Polyb. now Buffoy or Baphoy built by Agapenor^ five miles from
the old Paphos^ faid, by Ovid^ to be built by the Son of Pigmalion^ by
his Ivory Statue 5 fuch, faid to be, in regard of her Beauty. Others
fay it was built by Cyneras, Father and Grandfather to Adonis, who
having fworn to affift Menelaus with 50 Ships , Cent him only one,
with the Models of the other in Clay, to colour his Perjury. Both
places famous for the Worftiip oi Venus ^ and the Sacrifices which her
Votaries of both Sexes did perform in their natural Nakednefs : But
. her Temples were razed to the ground by the procurement of St. Bar-
nahy, not only here, but throughout the Illind.

Eaftwards of Capo St. Pifano, formerly Pro. Aeamas^ was the City
Jrfmoe, now Lefcare, Luftg. or Crifoca & Aleffendretta , renowned for
the Groves of Jupiter.

This Ifland boafis of the Births of Afdapiades^ Solon, Zeno the Stoick,
Apnllnnius and "Zenophon A Country abounding with all things necef-
fary for Life, and therefore called Macaria ; and afforded matter to
build a Ship from the bottom of the Keel, to the top of her Top-
gallant, and to furnifti her with Tackle and Munition. In Summer
exceeding hot and unhealthy, annoyed with Serpents. The Brooks,
for Rivers it ha^h none, are often exhaufted by the Sun, and for
36 years, in the time of Unjiantine, it never rained. It was firft pof-
fefTcd by the Sons of Japhet, paid Tribute to the Egyptian Amafis, con-
quered by Bchts, and governed by the Pcfterity of Tfww, until C)/r»j
expulfed th^^ nine Kings that there ruled. After the Grecians rcpoffeft
the Suvejeignty, and kept it until the death of Nicocles j then it fell un-
der the Government of the Ptolom/s 5 then the wealth of it allured
the Romans to make a Conqueft of it ; reftored to Ckopaifa^ and

C c c her

2 -7 8 Of Turhy in Afia.

her Sifter Arftnoe , by Antonrnf ^ but he overthrown, it was made a
Koman Province, and with the Tranfmigration of the Empire , fub-
mitted to the Biz,antine Emperors, governed by a Succeffion of Dulles
forSoo Yeirs,when conquered by omRicbardl, and given in Exchange
for the Titular Kingdom of Jerufakm, unto Guy of Lnfignan^. in whofe
Family it continued untill ^nn. 1473. Tt was then by Catharina Cor-
nelia, a Venetiafi Lady, the Widow to King James the Baftard, who
had taken it by force from his Sifter Carlotte, relTgned to the Venet'tans i
who, p7 years after, loft it to the 7«ri;/, under whofe Yoke it now
grometh. 'Tfs for the moft part inhabited by Grefj^, whofe Ecclefi-
aftical Eft Jte is governed by the Archbifhop of Nicofia, and the three
Biftiops of Famagojia, Faphm^ and Amathus.

Its chief Mountain is Olympus ^ containing 50 miles in its Bafis, now
called the Mountain of the Holy Cfjfs, cloathed with Trees, and ftored
with Fountains and Monafteries, poffefled by the Greek Coloieres of the
Order of St. Baftl.

Its Commodities are Oil, and Grains of feveral forts. Wine, that
lafteth for eight years. Raifins of the Sun, Citrons, Oranges, Pom-
granates, Almonds, Figs, Saffron, Coriander, Sugar j Turpentine,
Rhubarb, Colloquintida, Scammony, &c. Cotton, VVools, Chamo-
lets, Salt, Sope, Afties.

There are Mines of Brafs, fome Gold and Silver, Green Soder, Vi-
triol, Alom, Orpiment, White and Pved Lead, and Iron , divers
kinds of precious Stones, viz. the Emeral and Turkey.

Thus having defcribed the chief places of the Ottoman Empire, I fliall
alfo give a ftiort account of their Government, Policy, Religion, &€.

In order whereunto, we need not fo much regard their firft com-
ing out of Scytbia, Anno 577. nor when they feized on Armenia Major,
giving it the Name of Turcomania, t^^Inno 844. nor when Trangrolipix
overthrew the Perfian Sultan. 1030. nor yet when Cutlu Mofes revolt-
ed from him, and made a diftindt Kingdom in Arabia : But when Ot-
toman, by ftrange Fortunes, and from fmall Beginnings , (wallowed
up the other Families into the Oguftan Tribe, and united them into
•one Head, Ann 1300. from thence muft we deduce the lirft Founda-
tion of the Ottoman Empire: They had then no Government but what
•was Martial and Arbitrary in the higheft degree ^ wherefore it is not
ftrange, if their Laws are Severe, their Juftice Rigor, their Govern-
ment Tyranny : That their Emperor ftiould be abfolute, uncontroula-
ble i whofe Speeches may be irrational, and yet Laws ; whofe Actions

irregular

Of Turky in Ajta, ^jg

irregular, and yet examples j whofe Sentences and Judgments, th^
corrupt and inconfiderate, yet are irrefiftible Decrees.

So that when one refleds on the fmall reward for Vertue, and no
puniftiment for thrivhig Vice ; how men are raifed by Flattery, Chance,
and the fole Favour of the Prince, to the weightieft and moft ho-
nourable Charges of the Empire, without any previous deferts, or ex-
perience of Parts or Abilities : When one conliders, that one Frown
of their Prince cuts them off, that their Treafure is their Snare, and
their Riches will inevitably effed: their Ruine, though they have all
the Arguments of Faithfulnefs and Honefty ; one might admire the
long continuance of this vaft Empire, and wonder at the increafe of its
Dominions.

But that which cements all Breaches, and cures the gteateft Difor-
ders, is thequicknefs aad feverity of their Juflice, which makes every
Crime, relating to Government, equal, and punifties it with the laft
and extreamert puniftiment, Death. And to die by the Hand, or
Command of the Grand Signior , with an entire Refignation, is ac-
counted the higheft point of Martyrdom, thegreateft reward of Faith-
fulnefs, and the confummation of all Honour. Otherwife this great
Body would burft with the Poyfon of its own ill Humors, aod fpread
into ruinous Divifions.

The Youth, that are defigned for the great Offices of the Empre,
are called by the 'titrks Ichoglans^ which are of Chriftian Parents, taken
in the War, or prefented from remote Parts , fo that they have no o-
ther Relations nor Dependences i no other intereil: to ferve, befides
that of their Great Marter, to whom they are taught by Education,
and compeU'd by neccffity, to be faithful : And indeed they are the
befi: adapted Inftruments for fuch a Tyrannic Prince, whom he can
raife without envy, and deftroy without danger.

Their chiefeft Itudics and learning is in Reading and Writing, being
inftrudf ed in the Arabian Tongue, wherein the Secrets and Treafure of
their Religion and Laws are contained, efpecially the Alcoran. The
more Polite and Ingenious learn the Tirfun Tongue, which tits them
with Eloquence, corrects the grofsnefs, and inrichesthe barrennefsof
the turkifh Language.

They have fome Books of Poetry, written both in Perfian and Ara-
hick^', but as for Logick, Phyfick, Metaphy/ick, and Mathematicks,
they are wholly ignorant of them : Some certain Rules of Allrology
they have , with which they bufie themfelves in Propheiics of future
Contingencies in the Affairs of the Empire : As for Geography, the
wifert and greateft amongft them have not the leaft infpec^ion into it,

C c c 2 nor

380 ^f Turky in Jfia,

nor clarft their Seamen heretofore venture beyond fi^ht of Land, ha-
ving little knowledge of the Art of Navigation, until f ime improve-
ment, which of late they have made therein : As for Hiftur y or Chro-
nology, they underliand fo little, that the moft Learned affirm J^t;^ to
be a Judge in Solomons Court, and that ALxunder the Great was Gene-
ral of his Armies.

ThtVifw Azem. or VrimeVifier, whofe great Office of Charge and
Tiurt, as it is the higheft, fo it is the neareft to /we'sThundi-rbolt,
and moilexpofed to Envy and DeftrucSion. It being the ^olicy oi the
great Princes of the Eaji to conftitute one on whom all the blame of
mifcarriages in Government might be thrown, whillt they with the
more freedom enjoy their Softnefs and Luxury. This great Minifter,
as he is the Reprefentative of the Grand Signior, becaufe to him all the
power of the Sultan is immediately devolved.j fo he is the Head or
Mouth of the Law ; and to him are all Appeals made, and his State
and Greatnefs lives in the Honour of him whom he reprefents*, and his
Power, in refpe(3: of his Inferiors , is as ample as his Mafter's, who
■Ogives it him. Next to this Vijier Azem, are the feveral Beglerbegs, which
are fo many general Governments, upon which depend feveral Sangi-
ack^ or Provinces 5 there being in 'turk^e about 30 Beglerhegs^ whereof
22 are Ha's^ that is, fuch as have their Revenue allotted them in the
places that they govern, colledied by their own Officers according to
Commiilion : Of which the firft is Kiotai^ or Choutaja of jinatolia^ the
yearly Revenue of which is a Million of AfperSf and hath under its Ju-
Tifdi(iion i^Sangiack^^ and the Command of 22 Caftles. The 2d is
at Cogni, or Iconium in Caramania, whofe Revenue is 660074 Afpers^
and contains 7 Sangiacks-, and 20 Caftles. The 3d Viarhik^r^ or San-
giar^ whofe Revenue is a Million 1.00660 Afpers, and hath 19 San-
giackj'. of which a 1 1 are properly belonging to the Ottoman Royalties,
and are Curdian Countries, called Buk^nmet^ or Saline\ which have na
Lords or I'imariots to command them, but areabfolute Mafters of their
own Ellates. The 4th is Soham^ or Vamas^ whofe Revenue is a Milli-
on o^ Afperf^ and hath 7 Sangiacks^ and •^Sangiacj^s Saline. The 5 th
is Sitvas in Armenia^ which hath ^oooco Afpers Revenue, and 6 San-
giacks, and ip Caftles. The 6th is that oi Erzerum^ on the Confines
oi Georgia, which hath a Revenue of a Million 200660 Afpers, and
contains 11 Sangiach^, and 13 Caftles. The 7th is the Government
of f^Van or Van in Media, of a Ivlillion 13220^ Afpers, and hath
14 Sangiacks. The 8th is 7ebilder, on the Confines of Georgia, with
a Revenue of ^25000 Afpers, and p Sangiacks, The pth is the Go-
vernment of SchehmZiul in JJfyria, which hath a Million of Afpers^ and

20 San-

Of Turky in Jfta, ^ g |

2 0 Sangiacks, The lOth is Halep, or Aleppo, which hath ^yyjjz
JfperSs and commands 7 Sangiacks^ and two in which are no Tinsariotf.
The nth is Murafch, near the River Euphrates^ being a Revenue of
528450 ^y/?er/, and commands 4 Sangtackr. The nth is the Go-
vernment oiCyprtti, or Kibros^ allowed a Revenue of 500650 Afpers,
.and commands 7 Sangiach^ ^ 4 with H^'s, and 3 with Saline^ and
14 Caftles. The 13 th is tripoly of <S[)rij. or T'arabolas Scham, hath a
Revenue of 800000 Afpers^ atd 4 Sangiacks. The 14th is Trabizondy
formerly the Imperial Seat of the Comneni, feated on the Euxine Sea ;
This hath no Sanghck^f , but the Revenue is 734850 jifpers^ with
14 Caftles. The 15th is that of i^^rj-, hath a Revenue of 810550
jifpers^ and commands 6 Sangiack^, The 1 5th is that of Moful^ or
Nineveh^ in 4/5"'''«) a Revenue of 581056 Afpers ^ and commands
5 Sangiack^, The 1 7th is of K%, hath a Revenue of 58oooo 4/J?er/,
and 7 Sangiacks : Thefe are the Begkrbegs in 4/?<j. Of thofe in E«r(j/?f,
the iSth.viz. that oi Romuli is the moft honourable, the Seat of the
P^/c<^, or B^y^ij, is at Sophia^ it hath a Million and loooco 4//7erj
yearly Revenue, commands 24 Sangiacks^ whereof Morea was one,
tho now made part of the Revenue of the Queen- Mother. The ipth
is the charge of the Kupudan, or Generl of the iVhite Seas^ whofe Re-
venue is 885000 Afpers ; he is Admiral of the lurkifh Fleet, and com-
mands 13 Sangiack/j whofe Refidence is at Galipoli. The 20th is that
of Bttda in Hungary^ it commands 2 i Sangiack^. The 2 ift is that of
Temefrvaer, and hath 7 Sangiacks- The 2 2d is that of Bi?//;^, now
called Sclavonia^ yfhXzh commands 8 Sangiacks. Thofe that are with
Salary, or paid out of the Grand Signiors Treafury, are lirft, that of
Grand Cairoy or Mtfir., who hath a Revenue of 5ooooo Scheriffs^ov Ze-
chins., a year, and commands i5 Sangiackf^ befides as much is the Tri-
bute paid the Grand Signior, and another Sum of 5ooooo Zecbins year-
ly goes to the payment of the Turks. The 2d is the Government of
Mgdety or Babylon^ which hath a Revenue of a Million and 700000
Afpirs, and commands 22 Sangiack^. The 3d is that of Temen in Ara-
biz Feliz, whofe place of Refidence is Aden^ upon the Red Sea, which
is now under the power of the Arabians. As is alfo the Government
ofHabekh, upon the Confines of the AbaJJines, now wholly loli to the
Turk. And the Government of Bifra, or Balfera, a Maritime Cicy in
the Sinus Perftcm, where were reckoned 2 5 Sangiacks ■> hut now the
T«r^ have no power there. Lal^ly, the Government of Labfe^ on
the Coiirines of Ormits^ where are 5 Sangiacks, but poor and incond-
derable.

-p*.5Jl

382 Of Turky in Afta.

To thefe we fhould add the Governments oi Algiers, tmk, and
Tripoh m Batbary, but thefe are now much fallen off from the rurk's
obedience, and almoft independent, and fubfifting of themfelves.

Behdes the Dominions of the GrW %«w already mentioned, he
poffefles Sujguem upon the Red Sea ; Volfar and Elcahf, Jfaph, or ^zac,
at the Mouth oiDon ; TemrocJ^, near the Palus Meotts ; Caffa, and other
V^^ctsmLefferJanary, Befarabia, Ocziacon^, md Vujfan, towards the
Mouth of the Nieper, and the Kingdoms of Zibit and Ziden, in Arabia
the Happy, All which may be feen in the following Map.

30 \

"Be^ dt Caramanui

'Bul^arta.
Dabnatta.

CrotcttA
Slavonut- '' .
Bej dt "freme/it
ii-anftivania
\<M tMoUlayta,

Se^ it Scfiam.

af'l^erra. Sancta.
3-^y J-:BaJmi

Ne-wM"a£ of tlie
TURRIS H

Empire

obTMordcn

Of Turky in Aft a. 385

So that in lefs than 300 Years, the T'wj^x have made Conquefts in
Europe., AJid^ and Africa^ as confiderable as thofe of the Row^n/, who
fpent 850 *ere they accomplilh'd theirs.

The delightful Fields of yifia^ the pleafant Plains o( Greece^ the
Plenty of Egypt^ the Fruitfulneis of the Nile., the Luxury of Corinth,
the S\3.h{\ancc oi Peloponnefiif^ Lemnos., Scio., withother Ifles of theE^e-
an Sea, the Spices of Arabia^ the Riches of great part of Perfia and
Georgia^ all Armenia znd AJJyria., the Provinces oi uifta Minor., the Coun-
tries oi Syria ^ Palefiine and Phoenicia^ the Principalities of Moldavia^
Valachia^ Romania ^ Bulgaria, Servia^ and the bell: part o{ Hnngaria^
concur alltogether to fatisfy the Appetite of this Jurj^fh Sultan 5 all the
Extent of this vaft Territory, the Lands and Houfes, as vi^ell as the Ca-
ftles and Arms, being all his, and at his fole Difpofal and Gift i only
to Lands dedicated to Religious Ufes he difclaims all Right, and will
not (to the (hame of our Se^taries^ violate the Penetralia of the San-
duary.

The abfolute and unlimited Power of this Prince is evident by his
Titles, as, God on Earth, "The Shador» of God, Brother to the Sun and Moon,
7'heGiverof all Earthly CroK>ns.t dec. And 'tis an ordinary faying, Thaf
theGrand Signior is above the Law, that the written Law is controu-
lable, that his Mouth is the Law it felf, and the power of an infallible
Interpretation is in him.

It is vulgarly known to all, that their Law was compiled hyMaho'
met^ with the help of Sergius the Monk, whofe infamous Life is parti-
cularly recorded by-many Authors, and too tedious to be repeated here:
I (hall therefore only fay, That though there is a great diverfity amongft
Doditors, as touching the Explanation of their Law \ yet there are iive
Articles or Fundamentals thereof, to which every 'turk^ is obliged,
I. Cleannefs in the outward parts of the Body and Garments. 2, To
make Prayers five times a day. 3. Toobferve their Ramazan^ or
monthly Faft. 4. To perform faithfully the Zekat., or giving of Alms.
5. To make their Pilgrimage to Mecha^ if they have means and pofft-
bility to ptrfoim it. The fole Article of Faith required to be believed,
is, That there is but one God, and Mahomet his Prophet.

When Mahumetanifmwsisiiia weak, and therefore put on a modefc
Countenance and plaufible Afped to deceive Mankind, then it courted
and favoured the ChrilHan Religion, drawing its Tenents and Do-
drines in feme Conformity to that Rule, confffing Chrift to be a
Prophet, and greater than Mofes ^ that he was born of a Virgin, &c
But as-foon as its Government encreafed, and that by Arms and bad
Arts the Grand Signior had fecured his Kingdom j his promifes of To-

leratioi2

1^4 ^f '^fi^h ^^ ^fi^*

leration and Indulgence were changed into a harfher Note, and his
Edid:s were then for Blood and Ruine; what knots of Argument he
could not untie, he cut, and made his Spiritual Power as large as his
Temporal. Yet towards his Followers, he rendred his Precepts eafie
and plea(ant, acceptable fo the Fancy and Appetite, as well as to the
Capacity of the Vulgar : Reprefenting Heaven to them, not in a fpiri-
tual manner, or Delights unexpreffible, and Raviftiments known on-
ly in part to illuminate Souls ; but with grofs Conception of the Beau-
ty of Women, of tbe Duration of one A(^ of Carnal Copulation, of
the beaftly Satisfadion of a gluttonous Palate : And that Perfuation
and Principle in their Catechifm^ That the Souls of thofe who die in
the Wars againji Chrifiians^ are therefore innmediately tranfpcrted to
Paradife, muft neceflarily whet the Swords, and raife the Spirits of
the Soldiers, and isthereafon they run fo eagerly to their own Slaugh-
ter •> efteeming their Lives and Bodies at no greater Price than the va-
lue of Stones and Rubbifh to fill Rivers and Ditches.

The Mufti is the Principal Head of the Mahometan Religion, or O-
racle of all doubtful Queftions in their Law, and is of great efteem
amongft the 7»rjly. When he pafTeth Determination in any Cafe, it is
brought to the Cadie or Judge, and the Grand Signior himfelf will in
no wife contradict or oppofe it ^ fo that Law-Suits of the greateft mo-
ment are concluded in an hour without Arreftof Judgment, Appeals,
or other dilatory Arts of Law.

The State of Marriage is accounted both Honourable and Holy a-
mongft the Turk^^ yet the Priefts or Churchmen hath the leaft hand in
the Solemnity, but it is performed by the Cadie or Judge. Polygamie
is freely indulged to them by their Religion, as far as the number of
four Wives. And left this Confinement ftiould feem a reftricSion of
their Liberty, and free ufe of Women, every one may befides enjoy
his Women Slaves, which is not much envied by the Wives, fo long as
they enjoy their due Maintenance, and a reafonable (hare in their Huf-
bands Bed : For if negleded above a Week, (he hath Remedy by Law •,
and if Che be fo mod eft not to fue for the Default, (he is often fo inge-
nious to contrive a fupply of her Wants, being accounted the moft la-
fcivious of Women, and excel in the moft refined and ingenious Sub-
tikies to fteal their Pleafure *, which, if difcovered, the Blood of her
Family is reckoned tainted and difgraced ; but the Husband getting a
Divorce, quits himfelf of his Wife and Di(honours together.

Among all the Priviledges that the Sultan enjoys above his Subjeds,
this one he has lefs than they, that he cannot marry, yet hath as' many
Women as ferves his ufe, iho never fo libidinous, which are kept in
ihQSeraglioj like Horfes in Stables. Circum"

OfTurky in Afia. 385

CtrcHmeifton is not reckoned one of the Five Points which conftitutc
3.tt\ie MahometanBelhvcr, but is only propofed as a tryal and proof of
Man*s obedience to the more neceflary parts of the Law.

They never Circumcife their Children until the Age of 7 years, and
upwards i and then they do it by a Barber or Chyrurgion.

The Forces of the Turkj are very numerous, their Armies well dif-
ciplin'd, and the Belief of Predejiination, betides the ufe of Opium,
makes them bold to undertake any EnterpriCe. Their Militia is of two
forts, one receives Maintenance from certain Lands beftowed on tism
by the Grand Signior : And thefe again are either Zjlms or limariots-^
which together may amount to about icoooo Men, and come under
the general Denomination of Spahi^s, and compofe the Jurh^jh Horfe.
The other fort, which receive their conftant Pay in ready Money,
out of the Grand Signior's Treafury, are the Janizaries, who are now
increafed to the Number of an 1 00000, and the next main Sinew of
theOttomanPowet ; being confidered in the Wars, they are the beft
Difciplined Soldiery of the Turktfh Camp.

Belides thefe in Egypt^ there are 20000 Horfe, paid at the Charge
of the Country, and 80000 Timariots'^ the Crim Tartars are alfo to fur-
ni(h him with an 1 00000 Men, and the Prince in Perfon to lead them,
lithtGrand Signior come into the Field j otherwife but half the Num-
ber. And the Princes' of Valachia, Moldavia, and 'tranfilvania, are
never excufed from Perfonal attendance in the Camp with 6 or 7000
Men apiece.

But the Ottoman ^tmks are not now fo renowed for their Chivalry
and Difcipline, as in former times ; that ancient Sublimity and Ma jefty
of the Sultan is much abated, their Forces by Land decayed, their Ma-
ritime Power weakened, nothing remains of their Ancient Govern-
ment and Valor; nor doth the Ottoman Court remunerate the Servi-
ces, exalt the Intereft of the Cavalry, or maintain the Reputation of
the Janix.aries 5 but grown Rich and Luxurious with Peace and Plen-
ty, they are much declined from their Greatnefs and Power: for in this
vaft and large Empire Countries are depopulated. Villages abandoned,
whole Provinces, as pleafant and fruitful as Tempe or 7hejfaly, unculti-
vated and turned into a Defert or VVildernefs.

Ddd Of

Of ARABIA.

THE j4rabianTVfcteiit{\ czlkd Ifhmaelhej, (lomljhmael: Then Sa^
razens^ from Sarah the Wife of Abraham : Though others de-
jiye the Name from Saara^ which fignilies a Defert : Others from

Saraki'i

Of ArahU, I Jy

«94r(j%, which fignifies Kobbery. They that deduce the Etymology from
Sarahs affirm, That the Sarazens^ being at firft called Agarensy chofe
rather to bear the Mijireffes than the Servants Name, and fo changed
their JppeVation.

The Arabians that live in Cities, go by the Name of Moors, They
that live in the Deferts are divided into Tribes, and every Tribe into
Families, which have every one a particular Ckii^, who acknowledges
the Tupreme Cheil^ Thefc Vagabond Arabians boaft themfelves to be
the mort Noble People in the World ; for which reafon they never
ally themfelves with any other Nation but their own. They could ne-
ver be fubdued either by the Mpypians, Terfians^ Gree\s^ Romans^ or
Twh^s : But, on the contrary, they have fetled themfelves in feveral
Parts of Africa^ where they have a large Dominion. They wander up
and down in that fafliion,the better to find out Pafturagefor their Cat-
etl, and to free themfelves from the opprelTionof the7«ri;/.TheB<:?/^/sof
the Grand Signior.who are their Neighbours, and the Caravans^ztt for-
ced to give Money to the Cheih^, to preferve themfelves from being
molefted or defpoiled by them in their Journies. Under Z^Z/fjOne of the
Caliphs ^ot Arabian Princes, their Empire extended from Mej(/^,upon the
Atlantick,%^z.,io the River Indus ; fo that in length it exceeded ih^Koman
Empire.

The /^r^^/c^Longuage is fo enchanting, that 'tis a common Hyper-
bole^ that the Saints in Heaven^ and thofe in Paradife, fpeak^ it : And
as in it the Holy Decalogue was given, fo, as an Allay , therein was
hatched the Velufwe Alcoran^ and therefore is generally received in
Afia,

Thefe Arabians, becaufe cf their continual lying in the open Fields,
were once accounted the bell j4ftrologers and Hyficians in theVVorld, as
Khafts and Mefue, Avicen and Aterroes Philofophcrs i Algazales, Halt,
Albumazer Alirologers -, great Geographers Leo and Abttlfeda.

The Beduiris anci Beagebres^ who are the moft known People, are Co
inclined to Pvobbery, that their principal Maintenance confifts in plun-
dering of Paffcngers, claiming a Priviledge to demand l(hmael's Right
from the Sons of Ifaac. They are very dextrous on Horfeback, in
managing their Bows and Half-Pikes, fo that Thirty furkifh Mufque-
teers will hardly attack Ten of thefe Arrabians armed after their man-
ner.

Their Wealth confifts in Herds of Cattel and Horfes, which will
travel great Journies; of whiwh they make fo great reckoning, that
they keep a Regifter of their Breed, which is approved by certain
Judges.

D d d 2 They

jSS Of Arabia.

They fit at Meals upon their Heels ; aud the oldeft among them
wears the richeft Habit, and the moft gay Colours. Their Predecef-
fots forbad Building, and Tilling their Lands j alledging, that were
but to invite Enemies to invade, and make them a Prey to enjoy
it.

The Succeffion of the Kingdom belongs to that Noble Perfon who
was firft born after the King was proclaimed. And, indeed, to com-
pare the Manners and Maxims of the Jfiatkkj ^nd Europeans together,
we may fay, That the Arabians due like the Italians^ the Perfians like
the French^ and the Turks like the Spaniards*

Arabia^ in general, was tirft called Ethiopia^ is fubje(3: to fuch ex-
ceilive Heats, that People are conftraii^ed generally to Travel by
Night. There are abundance of Mountains, but few Rivers. It is
divided into three parts. T)nt Stony ^ theVeferty the Happy. The tv/o
tirft belong, almoft, to the T^urk^', the Happy Arahia acknowledges fe-
veral petty Princes.

The Stony Arabia Barraab, Njbath<ej Ft oh Barrha Cafiald. Bengaucal
Zeigler. Kathal-Albagh incolif^ was anciently pofTefled by the Midia*
nit is ^ Moabites^ Amakkites^zn^ the Idum£ans^ or Edomites. The Lands
of the Ammonites or Amorites, and of Og King of Ba/hanf were parts
of Arabia Petrea ', though it be alfo true, that fome part of Arabia
Vefma belonged to the Ifhmaelites and Amalelqtes i The Inhabitants
thereof at this time pay a Tribute to the BaJJ;a of Cairo. Fetra gzve
it its Name, which fignifies aK(?c/;, whereon it was built, was aplac^
of great ftrength, and much noted as well in Holy Writ, as in pro-
phane Hiftory. Befieged in vain by Severus^ and before him by Tra-
jan, Vv'ho was compelled to throw away his Imperial Hibit, and fliefcr
bis Life.

Yet Amaziah, King of Judah, after he had flaughtered loooo
of the Edomitesj took it by War, and called it Jok^beel^ a Kings

14.7^

The Soldans of Egypt, for the exceeding ftrength thereof, kept
therein all their Treafures, Of this place, fee more in the Defcri-
tion of Canaan, and the bordering- Countries.

Bnlira^ now Bujferetb, is a place of good Efteem, I fuppofe the
fame wkhPetra.

Tor, or El Tor, upon the Kf^^ ^S'.'-^^, is a pitiful Haven, defended by
aFour-fquare Caftle; near to it :xte (ound Champignons^ petrified noh it e
Corals Seal' skins. Small Oy{hrs, and foraetimes 5't'j-Mi3«/?fr/ like men.
They report that this was the Haven Ez/'c^w Gc^rr, from v^'hich Solomon
fent his Ships for Ophir* Mount Horeb and Sinai are famous in Scripture.

Arabia

Of Arabia, 389

Arabia the Defert^ or Beriara, is a place altnoft quite deftitute of
Water ; or if there be any Wells, the Water is for little fervice.
Ana upon the Euphrates ( the place where the Grand Seignior's Tri-
bute is paid, as the Lord of the Country ) is the beft place in it.
There is one King in Arabia that has a moving and portative City,
that is to fay, it confifts in Tents, v^hich he can command them to
carry where he pleafes, Sumifcafac Is thought to be the ancient Sa-
ba^ whence the M^/gifet forth to adore Chrilt, and the Queen to vilit
Solomon.

But SkThomas Herbert tells us. That after the Flood, A^wro^So-
vereignizing at Babylon^ his Brother Havilah feated his Colony in
Sufiana^ Seba, Raamah, and Sabbata, in Arabia. Seba or Sheba fiAed on
the Weftern Coall adjacent to the Red Sea, where he built a City after
his own Name, from whence the Queen came that >'ifited Solomon^ as
he fuppofeth.

That Sabjta planted the South- part of Arabia 5 and Raamab, or
Rhegma^ on the North-eaft part towards Balfera , where they buiic
Cities after their Names, mentionM E^^fi^. 27.

In thefe parts was the Wildernefs where the Children of Ifrael
wandered 40 years. Here Mjfes eftablilbed Ecdefiaftical and Poli-
tical Laws. Here was the burning Bu(h, the Water-bearing Pucck^
the Mountains of Sinai and Horeb^ and Mount Hor where Aaron
died.

'the Happy Arabia^ Hyaman or Aimar, Gemen or Giamen Tnrcps^ Mar"
moitj.Sarracenii'j Sabsa^ Plin. carries that Name, as being a more
fruitful Soil than either of the two. It breeds excellent Hoifes^ Man-
na, Cinnamon^ Myrrhe , Balfam , Benjamin , hicenfe , and other Per-
fumes 5 fo that if Aromatick^ Gums , Succttlent Fruits , Fragant
TIorvers<i and fuch fort of Delicacies pleafe thy fenfe, fay-, Arabia is
the "Phoenix of the Eafi^ and with VanJius^ Toe Epitome of Delight^ and
with St. Aitliin, Paradife. The Air is temperate and healthful. The
Country enriched with pleafant Streams and Fountains, whofe Wa-
ters are Medicinal.

Aden is a Town of great Trade, ftanding in a little Peninfula, at
the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Caftles towards the North,
and a fmall Fortrefs at the Entry Into the Haven. The Portu^uefes^
when they firft fetled themfelves in i\\t Indies^ had a deligii to make
themlelves Matters of this City, as alfo of Ormm and Malacba. Bjt
theturk^ prevented them from taking Aden, the King whereof they
hun^ at the Yards- Arm of the Admiral'/ Gaily, Since which; fome
otiier Revolutions have happen'd, fo that the Natives of the Coun-
try have again dirpoffeifed the "Xurk/. Mecca and Molina are famous

i^o Of ArahU.

for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans : For which they that make
them, are in high efteem among the reft. They go particularly to
Mecca^ to pay their Devotions to a Four-fquare Houfe, which they
call 7he Houfe of God, and pretend the fame to have been built by
Abraham. This City, containing about 6ooq Houfcs, ftands about
a days Journy from the Red Sea, being the place where Mahomet
was born, whofe Body was afterwards tranflated to Medina, upon
the difcovery of Albuquerque the Portuguefe^s defiga to have furpri-
zed the Port of Ziden, otherwife Gidde, with an intention to have
carried away that Mahometan Relique. The Country about Mecca
produceth abundance of that fort of Berry, of which Coffee is made.

Kttfa, or Kalufa the Holy City, called Rajiack^, when walled by
Omir, the Burial place of MortU-Ali, Saint, King and Prophet of the
Terfians.

Medina is three days Journy from the Ked Sea, the burying place
of Mahomet, as the 7«rj^x pretend. The Sepulchre or Tomb where-
in M^/[>owef lieth, iscnclofed within an iron Grate, and covered with
Green Velvet, which is every year made new, and fent by the Grand
Seignior, the old one being by the Priefts cut in little pieces, and fold
at great Rates, asReliques, to the Pilgrims. In the Temple where
this Tomb is placed, there are faid to be 3000 Lamps of Gold and
Silver, wherein is Balfam, and other Rich Odors, Ointments and Oils
continually kept burning. They would impofe it for a Miracle, that
his Tomb (hould hang in the Air by means of the Loadftone : But
befides that there is no fuch thing, were it true, there were no won-
der in it; YotDemocratei the Athenian, by the Order of Ptolomey King
of Egypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arfinoe all of Iron, and to
hang it up in the fame manner. And in the Temple o( Serapis in
Alexandria, there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Ait by the force
of a Loadftone, being a rare piece of Workmanftiip.

The Prince of Mecca, called Sultan Sheriff, is one of the moft po-
tent Princes in all Arabia : His refidence is ufually at Almachirana,
feated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult accefs.

Sanaa is one of the greateft, faireit, and ftrongeft Towns of Arabia,
adorned with Vineyards, Meadows and Gardens.

Vafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea, next to Zibit,
near the mouth of the Red Sea, which is Fair, Rich, and of great
Trade for Drugs t Spices, Perfumes, &c. Once the Relidence of a Jurkifh
Beglerbeg '■, before that, the Seat of a King, beheaded by the Turks, at
the fame time when the King of Aden was hanged at the Yards- Arm
of the Admiral's Ship. The Ports of Volfar and Pefcher are mod

renowned

Of Arabia, J^i

renowjied on the South-Coaft for Frankincenfe. The Grand Siguier,
thcPerftan Sopbi, and other Mahemnan Monarchs, oft-times fend him
Prefents, and the Hrft allows him alfo fome part of the Revenue of
Egypt^ becaufc he i? of the Race of Mahomet^ and to oblige him to be
kind to the Pilgrim T«rj^/.

Fartach^ a Kingdom and City near the Sea, Caxem^ Guhdhaman
Mibinali, Amanziridin^ Mas f ate ^ Mafcalat and Jemen, are fo many
Sultanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia : Mufcate-t or Maf-
catfaif^ not far from Kozelgate^ Corodanum Ptol. Macin Amiam. thought
to be RhagHtna^ Rhegma of Ptol, the Raamah of Ezekt 27. 22. for-
merly belonging to the Portuguefe^ had, for a longtime, all the Trade
of the Indiej to Mecca^ through the conveniency of the Cities Elcatif,
or the ancient Gerra, which communicates its name to the Perfian
Gulph, and Lahfa^ or Lazarch, Sohar in the Eaftern part had alfo for-
merly the Trade, but iince the fame hath been tranflated to Ormus
and Gomhron, Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open City, indifferently
well built, and fortihed with a fmall Caftle. In it there live Jerps,
Perfianr^ Armenians^ Indians .^ and 'Banians : So that it is a Town of great
Commerce ; and there it is, that all the Pilgrims land that come
from the ladies to Micca. It hath alfo much increafed in Riches and
Repute, in regard that the Veffels that come from Sues to Aden^ ra-
ther chufe to unlade there, to avoid the dangerous pafTages of Babel-
Mandel, "Diodori loftda, Arriam. tefie Rhamufw,

J9=^

Of PERSIA.

..^.^

Persia

THE Kingdom or Empire of Per/ij, is at prefent one of the
greateft and moft famous of Afia ; yet is but a part of the
ancient Empire of the Pgr^<?»/5 ioxthQAffyrian Monarchy contained

all

Of Per pa. ^^^

all that which both 'turk^ and Verfian at this day poflefs in that pare
of the World : And beginning-underN/w^j-, lafted 13 or 1400 years,
ending in that Notorious and effeminate Epicure, Sardanapalui,

After which it was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonianr,
who continued it lefs than 300 Years. Then the Perftans made them-
felves Matters of it during 200 and odd Years, under Cyrus Son of
Cambyfes, Son of Cyrus ^ Son of Darius^ Son of Achamenes , Son of
Ferfis^ who,faith7^i/ore, gave Per/?^ its Name. In Nimrod's 6zys, cal- -
led Chufa, or Cuth » in Chedorlaomers^ and to Daniel's time, Elam ; af-
terwards Perfia^ from Perfius, Son of Perfeas, a Grecian Hero, Son to
Jupiter, by Danae the Daughter oiAcrifms. Afterwards called Arfaca^
from Arfaces the Heroicli Parthian. After by the Inhabitants, Artea,
By the Tartariy Corfaca, By the Arabians, Saraednea. By the 7«ri^f,
Azamia and Axmia, Farfi & Farjijian Incolk.

The Macedonians ^nd Greekj (\iccGeded j for having Ruined the Em-
pire of the Perftans, they gave a beginning to that of the Macedo-
nians : But Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years, and
dying, it was Cantonized out among his Captains, who, taking the
Title of Kings, waged War againft each other, till the Romans fei-
zed the Weftern, and the Parthians the Oriental part of that Mo-
narchy.

Thefe Parthians freed themfelves from the Rule of the Macedo-
nians 250 Years before the Birth of Chrift,and Reigned near 5 00 years.

Artaxerxes reftored the Perfian Government 228 Years after Chrift's
Nativity. About the Year 505 , the Caliph of Bagdat , Omar, or
Hofhmar, the Third after Mahomet, became Mafter of it. So that Per-
fia, after a long uninterrupted Succeilion of 28 Kings from Artax-
erxes, kts in an eclipfed Cloud, and becomes fettered under the Iron
Yoke of a Saracenick^ Bondage ; once garnilhed with 22 Kingdoms,
formidable to the Koman Emperors, and Miftrefs of the greateft part
• of Jfta.

In the Year 1257 or 8 , the Tartars exterminated the whole Race
of the Caliph of Bagdat. And in the Year 1472. the Turcomans of
Armenia got the Kingdom. But about the Year 1505. Ijhmael So-
phi once more re-eftabliflied the Perftans in the polTeilion of the Ori-
ental part of that ancient Empire, which now extends from the Ty
gris and Euphrates on the Well, almoft to the River Indus on the Eaft j
And from the Perfian Gulph, and the River Oxus on the North, to
the Perfian and Indian Seas on the South.

But that you may the better underftand the full extent of the Do-
minions of this large Kingdom, Khali give you the true Number of

f^ e e the

J94 ^/ ^^4^'

the Provinces of the whole Continent of Vetfta^ according to the old
and new Defcriptions of feveral Geographers.

And firft the old Names by Clttver^ were Gedrofta, Carmania, Dran-
gana, ^racofia^ Paropamifis, Ba&riana^ Margiana^ Hyrcania, Arh^ Par-
thia^ Perjis^ Suftana, ^jfyria^ Media.

The new Names Saro, Cufijian, Elaran, Farft, Aracy Elfabar, Viar-
gument , Corafon , Sablefian , Candahor , Sigefian , Cheftmur , Kirman ,
Goadel,

2. By Baudran^ old Names, Media ^ Hyrcania, Margiana^ j^JJyria -
parf^ Suftana, Parthiay Aria, Paropanifuiy Chaldea, Perfta , Caramaniay
Vrans^iana^ jirachofiay and Gedrofia.

The new Names are Servan, Gilan, Dilemon, Ayrack^ Agemi^ laberefian,
Gorgiarij Rh£mns.y Churdijian, Corafan^ Yerack^ Cufijirani Farfi , Cherman,
Sijijian, Macheran^ Candahor% and Sablejhn.

1. Therefore this Monarch pofleffeth a great part of the great
Armenia , which we call lurcomania , efpecially that part which is -
feated between the two Rivers Kur and Aras^ the Cyrm and Araxei
of old; This Country is one of the moft beautiful and richeft pieces
of Land in all Perjia, by the Natives called Iran, or Karahag,

2. Shirvaa, or Schirn>ani all along the Cafpian Sea, part of Media
jiiropatia.

3. The V tovmc& Edzerhaijan, ox Azerheyan -, And thefe two Pro-
vinces make up the ancient Media, Sarch. Clu,

4. Is Kylan, or Guilan, Perfis, which is the old Hircania, Strava M.
Angiol. Viargument Merc, Hyrach. Eryth, and comprehends feveral other
Provinces, as Mefandran, Lahetzan, Refcht and Kesksr*

5. Is Eflarabad, tabifiran, or 'Tocharifian ■, formerly Margiana^
Jefelbajh Cafi. Tremigan Pineto, which extends to the River OxM.

6. Zagathay, 01 Sacathay Nig. is the Province of the Ousbec Tartars
or Mauranabar, comprehending all the ancient Sogdiana, and part of ;
Ba&riana, dec.

7. Corajfan, Sernere Merc, is fbme part of Ba&riana , now Batter
Kamuf. Charoffan, Cajiald. which alfo comprehends the Province of;
Heri, or Eri, remarkable for the greateft Trade of any in Perfia. The .
Ariaoi old.

8. Sablefan , formerly Paropamifus. Calcbifian Caft. Navagrat, M, .
P. Ven.

p. The Territories and Cities of Candahor and Cabnl, compre-
hend the ancient Aracofia, now belonging to the Mogul.

10. Is Sigifian Marc, formerly Drangiana 5 aliU Ilmenti

1 1. Is Kirman, or Chirmain, and comprehends all the Territories

OfPerfta. ^g^

of the z.nc{er\t Carmania bordering upon the Indian Sea, conta'ming the
Province of

12. Makerafjj wherein isCircarii Patau, and the Defert of Vulcinda.

1 3 . Cheufefian Mind. Chus Men* which was heretofore called Sufiana.

14. Is Hierackf or Erdc\/lgemi^ the Ancient Tarthia^ Nig. Charef-
fen, and lies in the midft of all Per/x^, Jrach Merc. & Minad. Tcx»
Alph. Hadr,

15. Is Fan, C which Laet calls Fare) Farfifian Merc, and is the
ancient Ferfta, whereof TerfepolU was the chief City.

1 6. Is Viarbeck^^ Merc. Azamia Bd. formerly Mefopjtamiaj between
Euphrates and Tygris*

ly. Is Curdijian, or yirzerum, formerly /^jf/jm, extending all along
the Eaft-fide of the River Tygris^ from the Lake l^'an, to the Frontiers
of Bagdat.

18. Is Terac}{, or Hieracl^Arahi^ other wife the Country of Bahy-
Ion, or Cbaldea. Thefe three laft Countries being moft now under
the Turkifh power, we have already difcourfed thereof.

The Government- of Perfia is Defpotick, or abfolutely Arbitrary,
the King having the fole power of Life and Death over all his $ub-
jec3:s, without any Tryals, or Law-proceedings. Nor is there any So-
vereign in the World more Abfolute than He ; yet, in the exercifc
thereof, it is faid to be gentle and eafie, fuppor table both to Perfians
and Strangers. And for the Laws of Hofpitality, they are fo firidtly
obferved, that the King will have all Strangers to be his Guefis. The
general Title given to the Kings of Perfia is that of Sha, though the
Vulgar call him by the Name of the Sophi, which is a proper Name.
The Perftans had ever a very great Veneration for their Sovereign.
And,atthisday,they believe it to be a greater AlTeveration tofwear
by the Name of their King, than by the Name of their God, perhaps
out of the fame Belief with thofe of Achem'm Sumatra, who fay, that
God is far off, but the King is near at hand. The Wealth of this
King is very vaft, asappearM by the Treafure which Alexander found
in the Coffers of Varius. And to defcend towards our Times, Sha
Sophi, one of their laft Kings, had no lefs than 7400 Marhes of Gold"-
Plate for the ordinary Service of his Court. *

The King decealing, the Eldeft Son afcends the Throne, whilft his
Brothers are kept in the Haram, and their Eyes put out ; and often-
times the Children of the King's Brothers and Sifters alfo, to avoid
Competition for the Sovereignty, and Rebellion.

The State of Pcr/?^ is diftinguiihed, like moft of the European Sutcs,
Into three Bodies.

E e e 2 The

396 Of Perfta.

The firft of the Sword, which anfwers to the Nobility.

Thefecoiid is that of the Gown, which anfwers to the Law and
Religion.

The third is compofed of Merchants, Handicraftfmen, and La*
bourers,

The Athemat Voulet is the Prime Minifter in Temporals, the Sedre
in Spirituals, whofe Offices are much the fame with the Grand Vtfier*s
and the Mnftt in Imk^y.

The greatefl part of the Lands in Per^^ belong to the King, and
are farmed by private perfons 5 the reft are meafured , and pay fo
much a meafure. The King hath alfo a vaft Income by Merchandifes
that pay Cuftom and Toll.

The Commerce of this mighty Empire confifts in the Trade of the
Country, and Foreign Traffick. The Country Trade is in the hands
of Terfians and Jews. The Foreign Trade is in the hands of the Arme-
nians, who are Fadors for the King and Noblemen.

Their Commodities are curious Silk/^ exquifite Carpets and TiffueSy
with other Mz?/2»/c/f/«rex of Gold^ Silk^ and i?//x)er, great quantities of
Lintien Cloth of all forts of Colours. Their Seal-skins and Goat-skins'
are tranfported by the Hollanders into India and J^pan^ as alfo into
Mofcovy and Poland. The famous KoncK Root is tranfported over all
Indiat gresit i\oreoi dried Fruits^ o{ candid ^inces ^ and Boxes of Mar^
malet made at Balfera , Fruits pickled in Vinegar^ ftveet Water.^ Almonds ^
Kaifins^ and purgative Frunes -, They vend abundance of their Camels
into 'Tnrk^^ great ftore of Horfes and Mules into Jndia^ and a prodigi-
ous number of Sheep and Lambs into Natolia and Romania.

The natural Complediion of the Terfians is Tawney,as may be feen by
the G^^^w, the original Inhabitants of the Country ; but the prefent
Terfians^ by reafon of their frequent Marriages with fair Georgian Wo-
men, have contracted a better degree of Comelinefs and Beauty.

The Juftice among them is very exadi and fpeedy. Suits being de-
termined upon the place. Murther feverely punifhed. and extraor-
dinary Care taken for the fecurity of the High-ways, for Thieves find
no mercy ', and if a Merchant be robbed, the Governour of the Pro-
vince makes good the Lofs.

The Air of Pcr/ij varies according to the diverfity of its fituation ;
the Country o{ Edzerbeitzan is very fharpand coW, but healthy 5 the
Air of Kilan is very unwholfom ; but the Province of Mazandra^,
from September to March^ feems a kind of Terreftrial Paradife. At
Jfpahanin the middle of Ptr/z^, there are fix months of hot, and fix
months of cold weather. In the Southern Provinces the Heats are

very

Bf Perfta, '^s)y

very exceffive; In fome parts the Snow falls three or four times in a
Seafon, and fometimes very thick *, but Rain there is very little. As
for Woods there are none in all the Country ^ and Springs are very
fcarce to Travellers. 'Tis a Country generally mountainous, out of
fome of which they dig Salt, as Stones out of a Quarry j and there
are fome Plains there, where the Sand is nothing but Salt. Of late
feveral Copper Mines have been found out, of which the Natives make
all forts of Kitchin Houfhold-fiuff : their Lead comes from iff rw^w-,
their Iron and Steel from Corazan and Cashin , feme Mines of Gold
and Silver there were, but the Expence is more than the Profit. The
Provinces of Guilan and Mazandran furnifti'd all Perfia with Oil. ylrnte'
nia, Mtngrelia^ Georg/jand Midia abound in Vineyards, but their Vines
they bury all Winter, and take them up in the Spring. The Flowers
of Terfiii are not comparable tog^hofe of I,wope for Variety or Beauty j
nor are their Apples, Pears, Oranges, Granares, Prunes, Cherries,
Quinces, Chefnuts, Medlers, and other forts of Fruits (o well tafted
as ours •, yet their Apricocks, the better fort, are better than oursj which
when you open, the Stone cleaves in tsvo, and the Kernel, which is
only a fmall Skin as white as Snow, is moft pleafant to the Tafte ; fo
likewife their Melons are moft excellent, very plentiful, and more
wholefome than ours.

Their Fowl are much the fame as we have mEurope, and their Poul-
try are very plentiful, only there are noTurkies. All forts of Water-
Fowl are commonly in fome parts of the Country j and as for Birds of
Prey it wants none.

The Native Inhabitants are generally very inquifitive after future E>
vcixts, confulting their Aftrologers like Oracks j much addidcd to ill
Language, but never blafphemeGod. norfubjed tofwearj naturally
great DiflTemblers and Flatterers, exceflSve in their Luxury and Ex-
pences, much accuftomed to Tobacco and Coffee, and to make mutu-
tualVifits \ generally addided to Play and Paftimes; yet the men neve*
dance, nor do they ufe walking to and again as we do.

The two great Seds amongft the Followers of Mahomet (which
are moft violent againft each other ) are the Iturki and Perfians The
Firft hold Mahomet to be the chief and ultimate Prophet 5 the later
prefet Haly before him, and efteem his Infpirat ions greater, and his
Interpretations of the Law more perfed and Divine ; and their
Grand Feftival is the Feaft of Hocen and Hujfein. The King permits
the Carmdites, Capuchins, y^ujiin-Fryers^, and other Orders, to have
their Houfes and Churches in his Royal City of Ifpahan^ where their
Superiors live in natureof Ambaffadorsfor the Chriftian Princes ; They.

are.

^g% Of Per pa.

are as fuperflitious as the 7«rj^f, and believe material Enjoyments m
Paradife; tho others, more refined, affirm, That Beatitude conjijh in the
perfeU h^notvUdge of the Sciences ; and for the Senfes, theyjhaU have t heir fat if-
fabion according to their quality.

Their Women are efteem'd the hanfomeft in all Afia, their Horfes
the nimbleft, their Camels the ftrongeft : And in the Country they
commend the Bread oitezdecas, the Wine oi Schiras^ and the Women
of Yez'd,

The Ferftan Language is fo fweet, that it is only in ufe among the
Women and Poets ; the King and the Nobility generally fpeaking the
7«rj^'(^ Tongue.

Tlie greateft Trade is at Bagdat for 7»r^v, and at Gombron for the
Indies. The Rings of Perfta permit Strangers to trade upon their Coafts,
but not to build Forts : and the Mogn^ and Emperor of China obferve
the fame Policy in their Dominions. They lie between two potent
Neighbours, the T«rj!^and the Great Mogul, The Strength of theii
Kingdom confifls chiefly in its Situation, being furrounded by high
Mountains and vaft Deferts. Ifhmael Sophi brought into the Field an
Army of 300000 Men againft Se/zw Emperor of the turkj. And
other Perfian Kings have had Armies of 7 or Socooo Men : But ge-
nerally their Armies now a- days confift not of above 50 or <5oooo
Horfe 5 belides 30000 which are -always kept upon the Fron-
tiers.

The Militia is divided into three forts, which arc the Corfchps^ ge-
nerally called Kefel'Bajh'i, or Red-heads, in number about 22000 all
good Soldiers and Horfemen.

The fecond fort, the Go^/^zw/ or Slaves, KmegSido Georgians, who
are about 18000, being alfo Horfemen.

The third fort are the Tafenk^giis, who are compofed of Men taken
from the Plough, as moft fit for Labour -, they are Footmen arm'd with
a Scimeter and aMufquet,

The Perftansy efpecially the Rich, are much lefs fabjcdl: to Sicknefs
than the Europeans-, nor are they much troubled with the Pox, for
the dry Air of the Country is an Enemy toitj befides, they go often
to the Bath, to fweat out the Venom of that Diftemper \ for as for
any Method of Phyfick, they have none; Diet is the chief Remedy
which the Phyficians prefcribe in all Difeafes, and account moft fove-
reign.

They divide the Natural Day into four parts; from Sun-riiing to
Noon, from Noon to Suivfet, from Sun-fet to Midnight, and from
Midnight till Sunrife; and in the Vjiji^lgar Computation of Time, make

Of Perjta. ^^^.

ufe of Lunar Months, which they always begin from the firft appear-
ance of the New Moon : But in their Aftronomical Accounts, they
make ufe of Solar Months. The Firit Month begins upon the nth of
our March, the day of the Vernal Equinox being the firft day of their
Year; upon which Day if aPer/i^«hath not money to buy him a new
Habit, he will mortgage his own Body to have one.

The Per/I,«wj betroth their Children very young, at nine or ten years; .
and among the Armenians fome are married and lie together at five
or fix > their Law allows them but four Wives, but they may have as
many hired Women as they pleafe, and may alfo enjoy their Slaves
whom they purchafe ; the Children both of the one and of the other
are accounted Lawful, and inherit all alike. The Nobility of the Per-
/i^w/ is founded upon their being defcended from Mahomet, and thefe^
have the Title of Mir or Prince ; and the Daughters that of Mirza or
Princefs.

The Verfians wear Red Turbants, the 'tartars of Giagatay Green
ones; The iTwrJ^i/^ Turbants are White, and the Greefex Blue. And as
they are thus diftinguiftied in the Colours of their Turbants, foif we
regard the natural Enmities of Nations, we (hall find as great an An^
tipathy between the turhj and Perfians, as there is between the Chine-
fes and Japanners, the Armenians and Nejiorians^ the Arabians and
Abajjines^ the French and Spaniards^ the Italians and Greekjt ^he Ger»
mans and Polandersy the Danes and Suedes^ or the Mufcovites and T^r-
tars.

The Capital City of all Perfia is Jfpahan^ built by y^r/<ice/, who enlar-
ged the Parthian Dominions, and called D^r^,afterwards Afpadara^ alfo
Nymzamena by Ben. Jonaf Hagiftan^ Clu. Asbaharvn by the Arabian
Geographer*, Saphaon Mandevel. Spaharvn Herb, Spahan-, Afpachan,
Izpaan and Hifpahan, in fome Maps and Authors, 537 Miles from the
Perfian Sea, 3^0 from the Cafpian, 450 from Babylon, and 870 from.
Candahor: By which laft diftance, agreeing very near with what IV?-
vernier vmkts it, viz.. 390 Agats , (every Agat being a Province
League ) I find Perfia is at leaft 3 or 400 miles too much in length
in moft Maps, and in fome much more : As it is the Refidence of the
Perfian King, and in the Centre of his Empire, Noble *, as feated
on a vaft Plain, which extends three ways 15 or 20 Leagues, fair and '
pleafant 5 for Air healthy ; confidering her Palaces, fiately : her Gar-
dens delicious and fragrant ; her Piazza's, and the Wealth of her Ba-
zars or publick Market-places rich and populous -, only the Streets are
narrow and dark, and annoyed with Loads of Ordure and Filth 5 in
the Summer Dulty, and in the Winter Miry. .

Zulph^..

^oo- Of Perfi/f*

TiHlfha^ or Jelphey H;rb. is a little City, feparated from Ifpahan by
the River Sonderou , and is a Colony of Armenians^ who enjoy Lands
and great Priviledges. They have i^ ot 1 6 Churches and Chappels,
and no Mahometans may live amongft them.

Schkiis^ Sheraz.z a Perfis, Schirafittm Baud. Sheraz Herb. Siaphof Ben
Jonof^ Xirias Von Garcias^ Zyras P. Venet. Cirecatha Steph. CyropolU Muf-
Uedini Sadd'r. A City no lefs ancient than great, according to that
Proberb, ^ando Schiras erat Schiras tunc Cairm erat ejits pagiify and is
now the Second City for Magnificence in the Perfian Monarchy, plea-
fantly feated at the end of a fpaciousPlain circumvolved with lofty Hills,
enriched by Trade, made lovely by Art.The Palaces rife fo amiably,the
Mofqttes and Hummitms with their Casrulean Tiles, and gilded Vanes, a-
mongft the Cypreffes fo glitter by refledting the Sun-beams in a curious
(jplendor. The Vineyards, Gardens, Cypreffes, Sudatories and Tem-
ples, ravilhing the Eye and Smell i fo that in every part (he appears
fair and delightful.

Here Cyrm, the moft excellent of Heathen Princes, was born ; and
here his Body (all but his Head, which was fent to Pifagard) lies en-
tombed.

Here the Great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchifm.

Here the firft Sybel fung our Saviour's Incarnation -, And here a feries
of 200 Kings have fwayed their Scepters.

The Government of Schiras is one of the higheft Commands for a
Subje<S, and is particularly famous for the molt excellent Wines in all
Perfia.

7avernier fells us, That now it looks rather like a Town half ruined,
than a City ; And that there is a wonderful Well, which is 1 5 years
rifing to the top, and 1 5 Years falling or finking to the bottom.

Perfepollf^ by the Greek^znd Latin Authors, Elamis by the Perfians and
OrientalNations,when in itsPerfedion was theMetropolis of the World,
&7otius Orhvs Sphndjr^ when in its flouriftiing condition, faith D. Sicti-
luf, and ^Curtius, the Richeft, the Nobleft, and the Lovelieft City
under the S jn ; fo beautiful and fo ftately in its Strudure, being moft
of Cedar and Cypre/s Wood , the Order of Building fo curious and
regular, as it was in that Age juftly ftiled, "The Glory of the World,

The Succefs oi AntiochufEpiphanes at Jerufalem^ when he facrilegioufly
ravifhed tenTuns of Gold, made him march to Perfepolis with an Army,
in hopes of getting the Greatelt Exchequer in the World ; for tho
Babylon and Shnfhan were very rich, the one furnilhtng the Macedonian
Vidtor wirl) 50000 Talents, the other with p Millions of Gold, and
50JOC? Taknts in Bullioniyet in Perfepolii there was found 120000 Ta-
lents,

Of Per flit, 401

le4its; or according to Strabo ^ 32 Millions, 750000 Pounds.

Time would fail me to mention the lofty Palace of ihtTerfian Em-
perors, which for Situation, Profpec^, Richnefs in Materials, and Cu-
rioiity of Art, rendred it incomparable of that Majefty and Splendor,
as put the World's Conqueror into amaiement at his entrance therein-
to. But alas ! this rich and famous City, yea, the Palace alfo, was at
a drunken Feaft, in a debauched Humour, by theinliigation oiThaU,
and at the command o{ Alexander^ fet all on fire; an Ad which the
Great Prince would have quenched with his Tears ; but preceding
mifchiefs are not amended by fucceeding Lamentations ; but of the
Maufolea, the Temple dedicated to Anaia^ or Diana, and of the Ruins
of it at this day, called ChilmanoryCi Chehdminor^ Vide Her^e^'s Tra-
vels.

Comejharp, where Sir R. Shirley was once Commander, thought to
be the Camaxa^ where the memorable Battel betwixt Artaxerxes and
Cyriif his Brother was fought. Others think it the fame which Pliny
called Faradona, or Orebatys of PtoL

Near Gheez is a narrow Strait, the Mountains on either fide are very
precipitous, and vaftly high, rot more than 40 Yards broad , and
8 Miles long, and is one of the three noted PafTages through the Moun-
tain Taurus , which leads to Hircania ; through this Strait the iaffA"
mazonian came to Alexander,

Penfcopp Herb. Firufeuch Val. is noted fot the abundance of Pheafants
and other Game for Hawking.

A(haraff Herb, Efcrefde Val. is about two Miles from the Cafpian Scf^
in Latitude 38 degrees,- 17 minutes, due North from Ifpahan. Here
Sha Abbas gave Audience to Sir Vodmore Cotton the Englifh Ambaflfa-
dor, and is but five miles from Fcnabaut the Hircanim Metropolis.

Ferrabaut^ or Efhabut upon the Cafpian Sea, fome take this for the
Remains of the old Amamfa^ fome for the Socanda Ptol. others fuppofe
it to be the Phraata^ which Marct-n Anioniw befieged when he invaded
Media, to be revenged for the Death of Crajfm the Hich, who, with
30000 of his men, where flain by Phraartes ihc Parthian.

Omoul^ by fome Zarama, by others Ladracarta, wher^ AUxandervt-
freihed his Army in the purfuit of gfj(/7<f the infamous Ba&rianh others
think it to be the Kc m-^ins oi Nabarca, where the Oracle af Vnam
was famoufed. The Inhabitants obfervefixor feven fev^rai Sabbaths.

At Vamoan the J^ws inhabit in great numbers, having, as they re-
port, been feated, ever (ince the Tranlplantation fioj-n Canaan by Sal-
manaff()\ 2 Kin^s I J. 6. and alfo fay, that upon the Vamoaa Mountain
Noah^^^ii. reikd.

'^ ^ ^ Tyroan

40^ Of TtrftA,

Tyroan feems to be the Rhaz.mda of Strak a City of about 3000
Houfes. The Women are lovely, and curious in Novelties; but the
Jealouiie of the Men confines them 5 yet vetitis rebus glifdt volun-
tas,

Sufa, otSu/batiy every where famoufed, was one of the three Roy-
al Palaces xht Median Monarchs fo much gloried and delighted in; was
the place where Ahafhuerus kept his Court, and Tome other Kings ; A-
Uxander there efpoufed Statyra the Perfjan Princefs, and Daughter of
DariuSi and Ephe^ion her Sifter. Here he made a Feaft for pooo Guefts,
to each of which he gave a Cup of Gold. Here he got 5:0000 Talents
in Silver, and pcooooo Millions of coined Goldj now Valdac or Bal-
dach^P, Venet. Su!haCa(i. Soufier Sanf feated upon the River Choafpk,, a
River of fuch account with the Tirfian Emperors, that no Water but of
Ck^T/'fef, no Bread but from Affes in Pbryghy no Wine but the Chalybo-
nian in Syria^ no Salt but homMemphls in Mgypt^ could pleafe their Pa-
lates. It was called Ulai'm Daniel, EuUm Plin. Tiritiri Sanf. HereCy-
rus the Great entertained his moft beautiful Parthea. Here Alexander
gaveiooooTalents to pay the Debts of thofe that had a mind to return
into Greece, and received a Recruit of 30000 young Soldiers. Here it
was alfo that He^er obtained fomuch favour for the Jen?/, and where
HatftUn was hanged in the Place of Mordecai. It is related, that the
Palace of Sufa., built by Varius, was enriched by Memnon^ with the
Spoil of the Great 'thebes in ^gypt^ and that the Stones were fattened
with Gold. Next to Perfepolis it was reckoned one of the moft fump-
tuous Fabricks of the Kings of Perfia-, but this Gity is now wafte and de-
folate.

Congo, or Bander Conco, is a City upon the Gulph oiBalfaraf not much
unlike 7oulon\n Provence: It rofe from the Ruins of Ormus, as well as
Gombroni and there is a Cuftom-houfe, of which the Terfians and For-
tugmfes divide the Profit.

Laar^ Corrha, Ptol. Laodicea Pymtus , Seleucia Elymiadis Appian. Lara
Baud. Laar P. Venet, (gives its Name to a certain piece of Silver Money
coined there, and) contains above 4000 Houfes, and a little Cittadel.
Some believe it to be the ancient Pafagardei, where the Grand Cyrus
vanquifhed Afiyagef, and tranflated the Empire of the Medes into that
of Perf\a, Calanus , an Indian Philofopher , fuffered a voluntary
Death there, in fight of the who\t Macedonian Army. It has been
much difpeopled by Earthquakes, which often, happen in thofe
Parts.

Lan

Of Perfta. 40?

Lan is the Capital City of the Province, which formerly bore th^
Title of a Kingdom ; it is enclofed on both fides with high Mountains*
being built round about a Rock, upon which there (lands a Caftle,
where the King keeps a Garifon ^ the moft part of its Inhabitants are
Jetvs i there is no Water but Rain-water, which doth not happen
fometimes for three years together, which Water ftanding in the Gi-
fterns fo long, breeds Worms, and whether you (train or boil it, there
will remain a foulnefs and corruption in it, which breeds Worms in
the Legs and Feet of men ; and J. B. tavernier faith, That at his re-
turn to /'tfw the fifth time of his Travelling, he had one came out of
his Left Foot an Ell and a half long, and another from the Ankle of his
Right Foot an Ell long.

At Jaarown^ or Gaarom, about 20 Far fangs, or 62 'Englifh miles from
Larr^ the Inhabitants are moft Jews^ who tell us, they are of theKTue
of Reuben, Gad^ and the half Tribe of Manaffer^ who by tiglath Pilaf-
fer were carried captive to this place, 2 Kings 17. 6. and that the Off-
fprings of Van, Union , Ajher and Naphthali were planted at Va-
moan.

Near this place is a precious Liquor or Mummy growing, carefully
preferved for the King's fole ufe. It diftils only in June, horn the top
of thofe mountains, a moft redolent Gum, fovereign againft Poyfon, a
Catholicon for all forts of wounds.

laum, (the Ecbatana of the Ancients, the Metropolis of the Em-
pire of the Medef ) by the Turkr Taberyz ; by Ezra, Achmetha, is a
great City, and well peopled, the general Mart for Turky^ Mufcovy,
the Indies , and Terjia ; for all forts of Merchandize, efpecially Silks.

j4n?io 15 14. the Grand Signior Selym fent a Bafha with an Army,
and ranfack'd it: 1530 Solymanlnvdided it with fo much fury, that it
flamed many days-, reviving again, it was made proftrate to I/^r^^/m
Bafha's Luxury i^^^. But 1585. it groaned under the greateft Suffer-
ing, when Ofman Balha, Slave'to Amurat, perpetrated all manner of
Cruelty.

In the Year 1 6^0. it was almoft ruined by Sultan Anmrath, but now
re-edified, the Buildings of Brick being baked in the Sun. At this
City are feen the Ruins of ftately Strudures, or great Mofques or Tem-
ples of a prodigious height and magnitude. In one dedicated to Diana,
the Great ArtaxerKes fequeftred the fair Afpafia, whofe Beauty made
him and his Son Competitors. Here are drelTed the greateft part of the
Shagreen Skins that are vended all over Perfia.

Casbin. Cazbyn Hrb. Kazvin by the Verfians. The Arfatia of the
Ancients , or Arfifaca of Strabo. Here Farmcnio was killed , and

■ F f f 2 Ephcjiion.^

404 ^/ ^^^A

tpheliionj Alexanders Favourite, died, and a Monument erected, upon
which was fpent 12000 Talents, or 7 Millions of Crowns. Then did
the Altar fmoke with Incenfe, and the Dr. was offered up in Sacrifice,
and the dead Corps worQiipped as a Deity. It is a great City without
Walls, thought to be the Rages m tohit^ the beft half of it is in Gardens,
feated in alarge and fair Plain, 30 miles in compafs. Here died Sir K<7-
hert Shirley, and Sir Dodmore Co«on,the Ambaffadors who went for Per-
fia^Anno 1626. having no gilded Trophies to adorn their Sepulchres,
only their Virtues, which will out-lali thofe bubbles of Vanity. Here
alfodied j^bbar the Ferfian Monarch in the year 162^.

Sauvay Herb. Saba de Val. a City pleafantly feated upon a rifing hill,
in a fruitful Country, much delightful for aerial Mutick, efpecially the
Nightingale.

A Thoufand voarhliug Notes their throat i difplays-f
Which their ftveet Mufick^chants as many ways.

About 1 1 Leagues from Tauris, is a Lake about 1 5 Leagues com pa&^
in the mid^k of which is a little Hill , that rifes infenfibly , out of
which theire bubble out many little Springs s an^ the Earth which
they water is of two ftrange diftind Qualities 5 for one fort ferves to
make Lime, the next to that is a hollow fpungy Stone, and under
that is a white tranfparent Stone, which is onely a congelation of the
Waters of thefe Streams s for fometimes you (hall meet with creeping
Animals congealed therein ; for one piece fent to Sha Ahbas^ Taver-
nier offered 15000 Crowns, in which was a Lizard about a foot
long.

Ardevil is not only famous for the Royal Sepulchres of Sha Sefi^^ind
other PerfianKings^ and for the Pilgrimages that are made to it i bat al-
fo for numerous Caravans of Silk , which render it one of the moil
confiderable Cities in Perfia : It is of a'moderate bignefs, feated in a
lovely opening of the Mountains, the Avenues of it are very pleafant,
being Alleys of great Trees, and is watered with a River that runs tho-
row the middle of the City.

Sultany, 7igranocerta , Tigranopolls , and Ttgranopetra , /e/?e Appianai
Sultania. Javio, Sana. Bonacciolo. BitlU Baud, is a very large City j and
if you will believe the Armenians^ they will tell yoa, that there were
once near 800 Churches in it.

Kern, Coom Herb. Cama , Arba&a , or Coama of old ; by fome,
Heeatompolis , is one of the great Cities of Perfia, in a fat Country,
abounding with Rice and excellent Granates j that which is moft re-
mark-

Of Peyfia. 405

markable is a large Mofque, where are the Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and
Sha Abhas the Second, the Tomb of Sedi Favma, the Gratrd-Daughtcr
of H^/i, and the Tomb oiFatima Zubra the Diughicv of Mahomet.

Cafchan is zKo a large City, and well peopled, ftored with SilJ^
rveaverf., which make the bert purfied Satins mix'd with Gold and
Silver. The Houfes are fairly built. The Mofques and Baths are
in their Cupoloes curioufly caeruleated with a feigned Torquoife. The
Buz.x.^r is fpacious and uniform. The Caravanfera is the mq'X flately
Fabrick of that kind in Verfta,

Bakfty gives its name to the Cafpian Sea ; and near to it there is a
Spring ef Oi/, which ferves all over Perfjd to burn in Lamps.

Kirman towaids the Oc.an affords very fine Heel, of which they
make Weapons very highly'prizM : For a Scymiter of that Steel will
cut through an Helmet with an eafie Blow.

Ormui formerly bore the Title of a Kingdon). As to the Name,
it was called Org£no and Gera by Vener'ms , Necrokin by B. Joim^
Zamrhi by the lartars^ yoroSf a by Niger, Ormufuhy Jofephus^ Omiza
Pliny. Amazon Ptol. Ogyris 'themtuf^ Curtms znd Rufus, Tcrnia Strabo,
where Prince Eryf/;^;^ was buried, from whom Mare Rubrum h^d i|j|>
denomination. Thelilandis about 15 Miles in compafs, fubjedi to
fuch excellive heats, that it produces nothing coniiderable but Salt,
and is two good Leagues from the Hrm Land. There is not a drop
of freih Water in it but what is carried thither.

In the Year 1507. it was reduced under the Crown of Portugal by
Alphonfo (T Albuquerque, The fair and delicate iituation ofOrmus, for
Trade and Commerce, asit was the Staple and Glory of the Eaftern
World, has occationed fome to fay, That if the tVorld vvcre a Ring,
Ormus rva^ to he the JerveL

In the Year 1622. Sha Ahkis took it by the Affiftance of the
Englifh^ commanded by Czpt.'fVeddul ', and then tranflated the Trade
to Gombron., which he called by his own Name Bender- AbaJJi. The
Poriugals \oi\ about 6 or 7 Millions at the taking of the Town.

Gombrott, or Gcmrou , Hacand Ofor. iince the Fall of Orrniis ,
is become a City of great Commerce, guarded with two Cafiles in
which are planted 8q pieces of brafs Ordnance. The Air is fo hot
a»id unwhclfome.that no Strangers can live there above 3 or 4 Months
in the Year, but for d or7 Months are forced to retire up in the
Mountains-2 or 3 days Journy oif. About 3 Miles from Gow^ro/*, is
the famous Bjwny^w Tree, of as great Pveputc, as the Idol Oak to our
Vruidd oi old: Now all Nations that traffick upon the Indian Seas,
and Land CaiavanSjCarry Commodities.thitherj and bring from thence

" Velveti\

40« Of Perfu.

Vclveif tafatm, Rat, Si\ and other U4m Commodities -. So that
IZioT " ' '" "'^ "*'" ^' ""^'' Om.6. or de-

J^harm upon the Coaft of ^„fc^, is tlie ancient Tyhs yet belong-
ng toP«y?. ; „ ,s an Ifland famous for its Springs of frelh wTJu
the bottom of the Sea: For its Pearl Fifhcry, where are found he
deareft , biggefi, and roundeft in all the W. The Air is fo nn
wholfom and fo hot, that no Strangers can live there unfitteM'M
Veemkcr January ,ni March-, for the Wind is fo ful try and ftiflin.

Z^^tz^S^"" '"''"'' ' '''' """"''^^ "^ !^

But at Bander Congo the Air is good, and the Soil and the W^t^e^

^W™/;.„ del vered it up to the Grea, Mogul : ttSh^M^^^^
Second took it in the Year 1^50, under whofe power ifffill re|

ContelffZh":^p"^°V*"°''l^""'^"' was decided that Famous'
<-onte« tor the Perfian Crown betwixt ^rtaxerxes and Cynu.

Of Afiatick Tartaria.

407

1
1^

THis is the Vafteft Region of our Continent 5 in Bignefs it equals
all E«r(7/?e, and contains all thofe great and fpacious Provinces,
which the Ancients called SerUf Scytkia extra Imattm^ Scythia iniray

Imaam.

4® 8 Of Jftatitk Tart aria.

Imaum^ StiC£, Scgdiana, and thegreateft partof Sarmatia Aftatica^ ex-
tending it felf the whole length of Afia.

If we lookback to their Original, we (hall find that they were of
all other, the mofi: Ancient people, patient in Labours, fierce in War,
and firong of Body j their Flocks and Herds their greated Wealth i
Silver and Gold they contemned as much as others coveted it ; Mmm
and T«»w, thofe common Earretors and Authors of Debate, were not
known among them : And the ignorance of Vice did as much con-
tribute to their welfare, as the knowledge of Virtue doth to others.

The firft grand attempt of thefe People, of which we find any
mention, was when the Chazariy or Cbf>z,arj, in the time of the Em-
peror Jufline^ overfpread all that vaft Continent between China and
Borijihenes^ Conquered part of India-, all Ba&ria^ Sogdiana^ and made
the Perfians Tributaries, and pofTeffed alfo Taurica Cherfomfes.^ called
by them Caffaria, 'or Cazar'ia : The refidence of their Prince was
about the mouth of the ^o/g<», which the T(2r?^r/ called Athtl^ a large
City of great trade ; by Nc^ar Eddin^ called Belanjar 5 and by him and
Ahulfeda placed in 46 Deg. 30 Min. N. Latitude, which is within a
few miuutes where Ohartmmdkts Aflracan^ anddoubtlefs may be that
which he calls old Aftracan.

Thefe Chaz,ari did continue till about Anno Chr. poo. at which
time they gave place to the Comaniatis^ or Cumanians, a 7ur}{i(h Nmon,
who inhabited all that Trad: of Land from the Neiper unto lurquiftan •,
thefe were almoft totally deftroyed by the T'i^r/ar/, foon after the
death of IngU Chan, or Cingls Chan>n^ under the condud^ of Batu or'
Bathy, Nephew to Hocata the Tartarian Emperor, only the King Ku-
i^e« efcaped with 40000 men into H«w^<2/3', where they had a Coun-
try allotted them, called to this day Campus Cxmdims.

Bathy having deftroyed the Comanians , efiablidied his own Domi-
nions, and fixed his abode on the Eaft of the ?v\\-qx Volga^ and built
a place, and called it Serai, which was a great and populous City, the
Ruins whereof are now called Czaryfsgorod,

But when Tamerlan, who was Viceroy or General of thofe Coun-
tries comprehended between the Oxuj and luxartes, had extended his
xonquefts towards Balch and Chorafan, (the Aria of the Ancients )
llmotamifch then Emperor of Serai, filled with jealoufics of iiis grow-
ing greamers, gathered a great Army to invade him, whom lamer-
Ian met on the borders of his own Country, and after a m,oft bloody
fight gained the Vidtory ; after which Succefs Tamerlan having fub-
ducd gr edit put o( India, Ferfia, Media, Armenia, Mefopofamia , Ba^i-
lotna and Syria, refoived to requite the Invafion of Tku&amijh ; where-
upon with an Army of 500000 Men, he marched through M^dia,

pa (Ted

Of Apatick Tartdria. 409

paffcd the VorU Caucafe, now ( Derhent X and over Volga, and at laft
encountred with Tbu&amifh. The Battel was long and doubtful,
three days without intermiilion -, at latt Thudami/h was defeated and
fled, leaving his Country expofed to the fury of his Enemies, who
demoM^edSerai, with other Cities on the north and weft of the Caf-
pian Sea j and leaving the Country a defert, they returned into Per-
fu. After this devaftation, thefe T^artars, by difcords^ fell into feve-
ral divifions, and Tamerlan dying, his great Empire was alfo divi-
ded amongrthis Children ^ fo that Tartary is now divided into feve-
ral Hords or Tribes; but the knowledge we have of them is fo lit-
tle, the Ataxy or difagreement and confufion of Authors that write
of them, fo great, that I am not a little doubtful what to write of
them, that may be of any certainty for the Readers fatisfad:ion ; how-
ever in this obfcurity we (hall follow the light of the beft reputed
Geographers, and fay, that the Aftatkk tartarie is divided into, five
great parts. The Vifert Tartaric, Z^gathy, tarquefian, Northern tartark^
and Crim Tartaric.

The Defert Tartaric is fo calFd, becaufe moft part of- the Lands lie
untiird •, for the Tartars are a people that hate Jgriculture , and
laugh at CM?M«J for feeding on the Tops of Reeds^ for fo they call
our Corn: The Inhabitants are divided into feveral Tribes or Hordes,
of which the more confiderable are, i . The Nejagan Tartars, or great
Nagoyy whofe Country is all plain and defert 400 or 500 miles in
length, between Jjlracan and Samara, and 200 miles in breadth
from Aftracan to Teih^ or Za?cj^ River ; it hath no fenced Towns or
Habitations, though formerly there were divers, efpecially that of
Czarofsgorod, faid to have been 20 miles in Circuit, feated between
the K'lvexsVolga and J^abon,'m z iettWe and healthful Country : And
Aftracan,^\z.ced on a rifing ground not far from the mouth of the Volga,
about 50 miles diftant from the Cafpian-Sea, guarded with a ftrong
Caftle, and encompaffed with Water.

Thefe Tartars are faid to be more Tall and Proper than the reft,
but ill favoured, broad Faces, Hat little Nofes, fmall hollow Eyes,
and of Blackilh, or rather Tawny Completion : The heat of the Sun
for fome months of the year is moft exceilive, and the Cold in the
Winter no lefs extream.

Polygamy is much in faftiion amongft them, having many Wives
according to their ability ■-, if one Brother die, the other takes all his
Wives ; and if all the brothers chance to die, then the Wives arc de-
volved, likeother Goods and Chattels, unto the Eideft Brothers Son ;
not fuifering a Married woman in any wife to go out of the Kindred.

G g g When

^lo ^f AfiAtkk 'tart aria.

When tliey remove their Habitation, which is ufually againft the
Summer and Winter, they carry their Houfes in Waggons with four
Wheels drawn by Camels.

2. On the North of great JVrfgo^, dwell the Kalmuk,e Tartars y in a
Country abounding with all things neceffary for a comfortable fub-
fiftence; Their chief Commodities are Sables, Martens, Black Foxes,
Squirril-Skins, and other Furs, which they, exchange with the Ruffes
for AqHavtt£^ Mead and Tobacco : Their Chief places are Siberia^ the
head of a Province, as alfo is Tumen ^ Cafan and Bulgar are the chief
Towns of the Zavolhenfes-y and towards the North lie the SamoideSfZW
fubjedl to the Kuffes ; the Kalma\es are accounted good Soldiers, and
their Women are little inferior in Skill and Valor. They own no re-
ligious worftiip, except fome adoration to the Sun and Mooni and for
their Diet, Hcrfe-Hefh is a great dainty, and any Carrion is good fare.

3 . Next to the great Na^oy^ towards the Eaft, is Caffachy Horda,
or PP^ild Tartars^ who march up and down the Country (which is
very defert) much after the manner of the Nagoife.

4. Eaftward from the K<»/ww%/.towards the South,live the Turgea-
cheansy being a numerous and warlike People, governed by a Chan
or King.

5. TheCaragans lie all along the Cafpian-Sea^ between the River
7'<??i;^', unto the River J<zA;<»r/e/, a defert and barren Country, the Peo-
ple miferable poor, very Tawny and ill favoured, having no Town
except Prefilannes on the (buthfide o( laxartes.

Mod part oiVefart Tartarie isunder the jurifdidionof the Duke of
Mofcovte, and yield him great ftore of rich Furs.

Zagathy, Sacathys Vsbeck^^ or Ousbeg, contains the ancient Mergiana-,
Badria and Sogdiana ; Mergiana by Pinetus is called Tremighen , by
Cajiald Jefelbafh : A Country fo fruitful in Corn and Wine, that
Strabo reports, how one bunch of Grapes, prefcnted to Alexander^
tilled a Basket two Cubits about, which encouraged him to found
that City Alexandria^ zitetwzxds Antiochia and Selttcia, fmce Indian,
In this Country fome think Noah planted, foon after he left the
Ark ; and that he, or fome to his Memory, built the City Niffa ,
though others pretend 'Bacchus to be the Founder of it ; and that
from hence, Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vd\e Shi-
nar^ which lies between the Rivers of Jaxartes^ now Chefel and Oxm 5
a Country of different foil, and indifferent fertile, but much aug-
mented by the Indufiry of the Inhabitants, who are the mofi ingeni?
ous of the Wefiern Tartars, lovers of Art, and well skill'd in Ma-
aufadures and Trade, The City of Satmarchand^ the Marcanda o£

Btoh

of AftAtick Tartaria, ^t t

Ptol, Paraednda, Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to T^amertan the
Great, who adorned it with an Academy, as is alfo Bochar, BaSrh, of
old Balira •-, before that, Zoroajies and Zoroafpa, probably from Zoroajier^
their firft King, flain by Ninus. A Town of great Trade, where lived
Avicen, one of the moil famous Philofophers and Phyficiansofthe Eaftj
there are alfo Batch and Badafchian on the Frontiers of Chorozan. Sogdi-
ana was a Province fubje(9: to the Perftans'. Here Cyrus built the old
Cyrofcata or CyropoHf, which held out a long time, and was almoft
fatal to the grea't Macedonian Conqueror, but by him deftroyed in re-
venge of fo great a danger. Not far from which that Infamous Re-
gicide Bejfus^ after his perfidious dealing with his Prince, was appre-
hended and brought bound to Alexander, who abhorring his tight,
ordered he ftiould be delivered to Oxates the brother of Varm, to be
difpofed of as he fliould think fit. Here alfo was Alexandria Oxiana^
and Alexandria Vltima.

tarqttefian lies eaft from Vshec}{^ and is fubdivided into feveral King-
doms ; of which the beft known are Cafchar, or Hiachan, Chialpf or 'lur^
phan^Chiartiam^Cotam. Thebet, ot Tenduc znd Camul : That of C^/c/^r is
the richeff, and is well ftored with Rhubarb, That of Ciartham is the
leaft and fandy, but hath many Jafpars and other Stonss.

Thofe of Cotam and Chiali^ have Corn, Wine, Flax and Hemp:
Thebet or Tanguth is ftored with Musk and Cinamon ; whofe Kings
were formerly called Vn-Chan or Prefier John, a Title now errone-
oufly conferred on the Abafine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa ; for
Presbiter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut, or "tanguth ,
which the tartars call Barantola, the Sarazens Boratai, and the Na-
tives Lajfaywhkh. is by the confent of all knowing perfons feated
in Afia, next to the confines of the great Mogul, amongft the Moun-
tains o{ Caucafus 2ind Imauf. It was in the year 1248. when King
Len>J4 was in the Ifland of Cyprifs at Nicojia, that Ambaffadors from
one of the Tartarian Princes, whofe Name was Ercalthay^ informed
the King , that the Great Cham of tartary had about three years
before been baptized, having been converted by the Emprefs his
Mother, and Daughter of a Kmg of the Indians', She having always
been a Chriftian •, and that their- Matter Prince Ercalthay, who had
alfo for a long time been a Chriftian, was fent by the Great Cham
with a potent Army againft the Cailiffe of Baldac^ an Enemy of the,
Chri(iianf.

The Name of Presbyter John, denoteth feme Chriftian Prince ,
whofe Dominions are placed by the confent oT mofi: knowing Per-
fons, not among the Ethiopians, nor in any part oi Africa, as mof^fup-

G g g 2 poie.

412 Of Afutick TartarU,

pofe, but in the Continent of ^/i J ; but in what part formerly 'twas, is
not exadly known. Some Authors fay they were Kings oi Cathay ^vihioh
is doubtful, becaufe 'tis now difcovered by modern Relations, and Tra-
vels into thofe parts, that zWCathay'x'i but the Northern part of China,

But it is more than probable, that betides that portion of Land,
there is another large part of the World center minate on the north
and weft, unto the Empire of China^ which in former Ages had the
Name of Cathay^ and is the fame with that of Thehet^ by fome cal-
led Begargar^ &c. as aforefaid , which clearly appeareth by a Voy-
age of two Fathers from China to the Mogor, who tell us that at
Bietala, a Caftle at the end of Baremola^ the Great Lama or Prieji
did then rtfide, and gave an account of their Chriftian Religion:
And to me it fcems further contirmed, by a Journy made into the
Wejiern 7artary :, Anno 1683. by the Emperor of China ; we have
this account of thofe People, In all the JVeHern Tartary there is no-
thing to be found but Mountains, Rocks and Vallies ^ . there are nei-
ther Cities, Towns or Villages, nor Houfes. The Inhabitants lodge
under Tents in the open Fields, which they remove from one Val-
ley to another, according as they find pafiure. They pafs their Life
either in Hunting, or doing nothing. As they neither Plow nor
Sow, fo they make no Harveft. They live upon Milk, Cheefe and
Flefli, and h^ve a fort of Wine not much unlike our ^Aqua-Vita^
with which they are often drunk. In (hort, they care for nothing
from morning $9 night, but to drink and eat like the Beafts and
Droves which they feed. They are not without their Prierts, which
they call Lam,tf^ for whom they have a fingular vejieration i in
which they differ from the Oriental Tartars^ the moft pa^t of whom
have no Religion, nordo they believe any God. This part of Tarta-
ry lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300
Miles j of which Wall, faith our Author, I can fay without Hyper-
bolizing , that the Seven Wonders^ of the World put together, are
not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has fpread con-
cerning it among the Europeans^ is far ihort of what I my felf have
feen. He alfo tells us, that divers of the Petty Kings of the Wefiern
7artary^ came from all fides for 3 OD Miles, and fome for 500 Miles,
together with their Wives and Cliildren, to falnte the Emperor.
That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces, and now tributary
to the Emperor of China.

Crim Tartary, (which all Authors confound with a nonfuch Cathay)^
is divided into fevcral parts, of which I am able to fay nothing,
in the way of Chorography, noi much in Hiftory, only I find that

the.

Of AfiAtick TarUrU, 41 »

the King of Nmlham, or Niuche^ called Xmchi , conquered China at
twelve years of Ag^, with the faithful afliftance of his two Uncles »
a young Conqueror, notonly famous for his Succefs , but alfoforthe
Moderation which he ufed- to his newly fubdued people. And Ws
certain, that xhdtT^artars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the
Wall oi China , therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern
part of Ch'ma^ and Camhalu is Fe/^/2 5 and ^inz.oy- anfwers to Han-
chm.

The NortbernTartarie , which is called the True Ancient Tartarie^ is
the coldeft, moft untilled, moft barbarous^, (and moft unknown of all *,)
Some amongft them have their Kings, others live by Hords, or Com-
monalities r as for their Names/tis eafy to give what Names men pleafe,
hi parts wholly unknown.

But in the Year 16S1. the Emperor of China made a Voyage info
the Eaftern Tartary : In this Journey (faith the Father Verbiefl^ who
was the Publiftier of it ) we always went towards the North-Eaft,
from Pik^n, in all 1 100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum j the way be-
ing about 300 miles, the Capital City whereof is Xin-Tam in the Lati-
tude of ^i Degrees 5<5 Minutes ; a City very fair, and pretty intire, .
and has in it the Remains of an ancient Palace, where was no declina-
tion of the Magnetkk^Needle.

This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla^ ,
but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined, only fome few Hou-
fes built of Earth, or the Rubbifh of old Buildings, and covered with^
Thatch or Straw.

That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding
deffert , where nothing is to be feen on all fides but Mountains and
Vallics, Dens of Bears, Tygers, and other devouring Beafts; here and-^
there a poor Reed-hut upon the fide of fome Brooks.

The City Via, on the River Songoro tart. Sumhoa-Chin. lies in 44 De-
grees 20 Minutes. The Needle there declines from the South to the fFefi ■
I Degree 20 Minutes, and is the faireft in all this Country, and fome^
times alfp the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars.

But Kiron is about 30 Miles from Z^/^, upon the River Songoro, (which
takes its Ccurfe from the Mount Champe) famous for having been the
ancient Seat of our Tartars. That the Mofcovitcs come oftentimes to
the River Songoro to H{h for Pearls. That the Diliance of Kiron from
Xin-Tam was IC28 Chinefe Stadia , containing ^6^ miles ; the Chhitfz-
Stadium being 3^0 Geometrical paceSi

I Qiall only add, that by this Relation k doth appear to me,that M-
nlhan^oTNiuchejUWid be the fame Country which is here czWedLeao-tuiff,
for the Emperor's defign was to vilit the Sepulchres of his Anceiiors.

4IH

Of I N D I A.

TH E Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul, and
to the two Penivfulas^ one on this fide, the other beyond Ganges,
and the Iflands fcattered m the Indian Sea, which are all comprehen-
ded under the General Name of the Eaji-Indies^ under which Appella-
tion fome Authors do alfo take in all the Oriental Part of Afia, The
Old Inhabitants hereof were by Megafihenes faid to be 122 feveral Na-
tions 5 originally defcended from the Sons of Noah^ before their Jour-
ney to the Valley of Shinaar 5 and Heylin faith, that the Plantation of
India did precede the attempt of Babel. Itsfirft Invafion was by Semi-
ramU^ with an Army of above 4 Millions, (\.iCtefias and Viodoruf Sicx^
ItK fay true) who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King,with as
great an Army» by whom (he was overcome and flain. The next In-
vaiion on this Country was by Bacchusy the Son of J^«/ji/cr,accompanied
with Hercules, who by force or by arts overcame them, and taught
them theufe of Wine, Oyl, and the Art of Archite(fture. After this
Alexander invaded India, beginning firft with Clophae, Queen of Maga'
za. After with Forw^ whom he vanquiftied and tooki but giving
them their Liberty and Kingdoms again, he returned into his own
Country \ after this they lived in peace under their feveral Kings, un-
til the year 1587. when difcovered by the Portttgals, after by theEng-
lijhy Vutchy &c.

O F T H E

41^

Empire of the MOGUL.

ia^

Jio

HIMin mini IIIIIM II B iiill)J m—r -_, , .,, —^ I -— --

r;^M_Ji^. ■„„ 111,11 Bifflj ,1,111 mill,, „|„ , ,,,^^^^^ ^^^,

THIS vaft Empire comprehends the greateftpartof die Continent
oi India: The prefent Mogul^ who is the Sovereign, derives
his Original from Great ttmarlmg^y ot Tamrlofh and is the Eleventh.

/^l6 Of the Empire of the Mogul.

in a diredt Line def-endantfronahim 5 there are {evcx3.\ Indian King-
doms tributary to him, and he is cftecmed the richeft Prince in the
world, and the moft potent Monarch of ^/?.t.

The Territories of his Country beinghisown Hereditary Revenues,
the great Lords arc but his" Receivers, who give an account to the
Governors of the Provinces, and they to the chief Treafurcrs and
Comptrollers of the Exchequer. He is alfo the general Heir to all
thofe to whom he gives Penfions, and his Will is a Law in the decillon
of his Subjeds Affairs, and therefore they carry the Names of their
Employments, and not of the Lands which they enjoy. ^

Sha Jehan, whoReigned Forty years, left behind him about 5 Mil-
lions, and the Throne that he made coft an 1 60 Millions, and 500000
Livers ^ befides fix other Thrones fet all over with Diamonds, B.u-
bies. Emeralds, andPath: tejie Tav.

The Money of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy: The Mogul is able
to bring looooo Horfeinto theField, but his Infantry is very incon-
fiderable, either for Number or Experience. He has a good number
of Elephants, which do him great fervice ; for they arefureof foot,
and lie down and rife up very readily. The King is a Turkifh Mahu-
metan, neverthelefs the moft part of his VafTals are Pagans : But as
there are feveral forts of People, fo like wife there are divers forts
of Religions amongft them, which I (hall briefly mention at the end
of the Defcription of the Eaji-Indies.

The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the
great Rivers. They make excellent Bread, having Corn and Rice in
abundance; Victuals, in general, are very cheap, however the Inha-
bitants are very temperate and fober. The naghbouring Country
to lartary is full of Mountains and Forefts, where the Mogul oft-
times takes hispleafure in Hunting, there being great abundance and
variety of wild Beafls : And there it was that Jhxander cut douii
the Wood for the Ships which hefent down t\\Q Indus into the Ocean.
As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none, the Moguls ha-
ving ruined all the ancient Cities, which (according to the Ancients)
were 30 large Cities, 3000 walled Towns and Caftles, for natural
Defence reckoned impregnable, which may not be improbale, if it
were, asfome affirm, the fir ft Seminary or Station of Noah after his
defcentfrom Ararat, not far hence diftant, and afterward the delight
of Bacchus^ which fome think was the fame with Noah ; and from the
wonderful increafe of People, which appears by that huge .Army
Staurobates drevf out in his defence zgzmi\ Semiramk the AJJyrian Em-
prefs, both Armies containing 3 Millions.

And

Of the Empire of the MogUl. " 417

And fo well builded and planted was this part of Indict^ that when
Alexander, by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydafpls, en-
tered India., Herodotus and Curtm report, that y4Iexander fhould fay,
He found greater Cities and more Jumptuou^ Buildings in King PorusV
Dominions, than he had ohfervedin all the World be fides.

Indm is Navigable .from Labor to Sende \ the Natives call'd it
Pang-ab, by reafon of the hve Rivers that fall into it toward the up-
per part of its Courfe, which are now called Rauee, Behat^ Ohchan,
Wihy, and Sindar ", by Vtol. Aceftnes, CophySy Hydafpis, Zaradas and
Hifpalis.

Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold, now for its Water, which
is very pure. The Natives hold, that it fandifies them, whether they
drink, or whether they bathe in it.

There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms, the Names
whereof are aimoft the fame withthofeof the Capital Cities, viz,
jigra. Attack^, Bakar, Bakifch, Bando. Bengala, Berar, Bmhar, Cahul, Ka-
k^res^Candahar, Candid, Canduana^Caffimere, Chitor, 'Delli,Gor, GuzaratCy
Haiacan, Jamha, Jenupar, Je[felmere, Jefml, Maluay, Mevat, Multan^
Narva, Naugracnt, Patna, Pengab, Pitan, Samhal, Siba, Soretf Tattay Vdeffa.
tejie 7hev.

There are alfo fome petty Territories, as the Ka]a% which are of
very ancient Extra6tion, and maintain themfelves in Mountains and
Fortreffes that are inacceffible. Some of their Cities, that terminate
in Pore, feem to retain the memory of Porm ; as others by Scander^
the Name of Alexander. The Dominions of the great Mogul are
larger than the Perfians, and equal to thofe of the great turk^ His
ftrength lies in the Number of his Subjeds, the Vaftnefs of his
Wealth, and the Extent of his Empire, his Revenue exceeding the
Perftan and the fur\s both put together i but the Sophi furpaffes him
in Horfe, in Arms, and warlike People ; And with the turk^hc keeps
a good Correfpondence, as being both of the fame Religion. Guze-
r^/ yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold, gnd the Merchants
of that Country are accounted the beft in all India. It contains 3 fair
Cities, Amadabat, Cambaya, and Surat, with about 30 others very
coniiderable.

Amadabat, Amacajlif Ptol, tejle Herb. Amadavifips in Arrian , one of
the greateft Cities in India, and of a vaft Trade. The Buzzar is
Rich and Uniform •, The Caftle Strong, large Moated ; The Maufe-
leum Stately, compafTed at a little diftance, with the Dormitories
of many Cambayan Potentates i and two Miles off, are the curious
Gardens and Palace oi Chavpn-channa a Perftan*

H h h Cam'

41 8 Of the Empire of the Mogul,

Cambayi^ Cammane Nigra. Barigaza.. tejie Baud. Syra(lene, iefie Stuchio^
was call'd the Indian Caire, as well for its Greatnefs, as alio for its
Trafiick, and the Fertility of the Soil. Here they fhape the fair y-Jgjts
that come from the ladies into fcveral forts of Workmanihip, and in
the Suburbs they make/«^/cfl. The Tides aie fo (wiii to the North of
the Gulph, that a Horfe at full Speed cannot keep pace with tht hrft
Wave. The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Ni^ht, but the
Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it.

Surat, the Muziris ot PtoL Herb Siraftia, Sanf about 40 days Jour-
nyfrom /^gra^ drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of yifia^
though the Acccfs to it be very dangerous ♦, and the "River Tappy or
Tmdy , which rifing out of the Vecan Mountains , glides through
Bramporey and in Meanders mns by the Walls of Surat, and after 14
or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro, difchargesit felt into the Ocean,
fo (hallow at the Mouth, that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80
Tuns, fo that the Ships are forced to unlade at Soali or Snoali, re-
markable for the mifchanceof Capt. Woodcock^^ who, at the taking of
OrmuSy had lighted upon a Frigat laden with about a Million of
Ryals, which he feized, and coming into this Swali Road, the Whale
funk. Alas! the uncertainty of fading Pelf. The Eugli/h and J>utcb
have there their Prefidents and Fadories, making it the greateit Mart
in the Eaji- Indies*

Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons, the Englijh have a very fair
Houfe there, not far from which place 7avernier tells us, That of a dry
/?/V^, a Mountebank^ in lefs than half an hour made a Tree four or five foot
bigh^ that did bear Leaves and Flowers.

Broudra is a great City, in a fertile Soil, and of a great Tiadefor
Calicuts,

At Navapour near Surat, grows the beft Kicein the World.

The famous Port of Bombay^ the Miliz'geris of ?toU belongs to the
King of England^ where is built a ftropg Fort,and Mony is coined there.

The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about
their Fortress of Diu, the Patala of Ptol. te^e Nig. & Pinet. Patalena/
& Hidafpa Pltn. & Strab. Petacal. Cajialdo^ Bar ace of Ptol y^drianoj.
Here, after Alexander had failed down the Indus, and arrived at this
place, he invaded the Country or the Oxydrachans, and ftormed the
principal place of the Mallyans, where temerariouily mounting the
Parapet, and violently lt;apiiig into the Town, followed but by ^ Of-
ficers, he had periQied by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies, had
not the Army, as men defperate, in his Refcue, enforced their fpeedy
Entrance.

This

Of the Em fire of the MognL 4^9

This Ifland is about a League long, and four Mufquet-ftiot broadithe
Hiven is barred with an Iron Chain, being under the comnoand of the
Cannon of the Caftle. It was Nobly defended in the years 153P. and
154.5, againft prodigious Armies •■» fo that the Mogul was forced to let
them fettle ttiere to his extreme' diffatisfadiion : But the laft Relations
from thofe parts brings News, that the Portugals have been at length
conftrain'd to abandon it.

/igra was of old Cas fome tell us ), called Negara , before
that, Vhnyftopolis, founded by Bacchus. Nijfa Jufiino , vide Hiduyt
fol. 48p. It contains the Capital City of the Empire, able to raife
200000 lighting men upon occaiion. The Prince receives a great
Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein. It is twice as big as
Ifpaban, but ill built, and without Walls 5 and has been enlarged fince
1^66. when Eckkar refided there, and having built a ftately Caftlc
or Palace, gave it the Name of Ek^r-Ahad. De/i, or Vehly, was the
Refidence of the Mogul before Agra, and fo continues, (ince Sha /«;-
ban had built the New City, and called it by his Name Jehan Abady
or Gehanabaty where the Mogul hath a ftately Palace half a League in
Circuit. Gouleor is a Caftle where the Mogul imprifons the Princes
of the Blood which he fufpe6ts.

Labor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom, built upon one of the
five Rivers that defcend from the Mountains to fwell the River Indus ,
It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans, and was the ancient Bucepha-
lus, and has been, by report, 24 Leagues in Compafs. Naugracut
fliews an Idol, to which many come in Pilgrimage.

Fettipore, if the Water had been good, by this time had triumphed
over all the Cities in India.

Bannaras, on the Banks o( Ganges, is full of miftiapen Pagods.

Cahul, the Chabura of PtoL by fome thought to be the Alexan-
dria Arachofta, which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucafur;
whofe City beus the fame Name, is large and well fortified •, of great
Trade for Horfes, Sheep, and other Cattel, and is in the great Road
from Labor to Samarcand,

Mando is one of the faireft Towns of the Province of Malva, fortifi-
ed with Walls and a Caftle on the top of a Hill.

Siranak^r is the chief City of Caffimere.

Multan is of a rich Soil, and great Trade for CaVicoes, but de-
cayed.

Attok^i 01 Atek Tau, is one of the beftand f\rongeft Garifons the

Hhh 2 great

4 20 Of the Empire of the Mogul,

great Vlogid has, and no Stranger is pernnitted to enter without the

King's Pafpoit*

B»c/^r liands where the Rivers Kavpey and Chaul fall into the In-
dus. Lourebander 2ind Viul are the Ports to Tatta. Janagar is the
chief City of Soret^ Beifher of BMiklfh, Vankjluf of Kak^res , Hard-
ware of Siba* Jamhn gives Name to its Province , as alfo doth
Samhal.

Bi\mar is chief of Bah^r^ and Narual that of Meuijt. Tjtaa and
Patna gives Name to their refpedtive Provinces ; between the King-
doms oiCambaya and Bengalazte the Provinces oiCandlf^ Chitor, Ma-
lueyj Berar^ and RanOf, whofe chief places are Brampore, Chitor^ Rantipore,
Shapor,theSorao( Ptol.hy Baud, and Gurchttto, Jtffdmere is the City
where E}i^ar was born. Afmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi,
Hendown, Bando and Janupar, are three Provinces near j4gra and Velli.
Rotof isone of theftrongeft places in j4fia.

Brampore, Baramatvs Ftol. is a great City, but much ruined, with a
Caftle in themidft of it j of a great Trade for Calicuts^ fome painted
with Flowers of divers Colours, others white and clear, and fome
ftriped with God and Silver.

Chytor is a City upon a high Rock, claiming Precedency for An-
tiquity amongft all the Cities of India ; of old 7axil!a, fuppofed to be
the Metropolis, whence King Porus iffued againft great Alexander.
After which Battel, Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount
M^res, and for 1 5 days glutted his Army with thofe myftick Foppe-
ries, and conftiruted his Argyrafpides. And at Nyffa^ built by Bacchm
upon the Bank of the Hydafpis^ a Branch of the River Indus , Alex-
mdtr upoCedy famous in thofe days for the Sacred Mount, and incom-
parable Vines there abounding, which fome think to be the firft Plan-
tation of the Patriarch ]Vb^)[>.

Seronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicut s^ called
Chites j thofe of Seronge. are the moft lively Colours , and laft-
ing.

HaVabof, or Elahajfe^ the Chryfohorca in Plin. by fome Nifua tefte
Herb, is a great City up^n the confluence of Jemtny and Ganges ^
which Pviver there, is no broader than the Seine before the Loure j and
at fome times in the year fo little Water, that it will not bear a fmall
Boat; much reforted to by the Bannyans., for the Relicks of divers
deformed Pagothia's. Thefe Bannyans fwarm in multitudes all over
the Indies t fucking in the fweetnefs of Gain by an immeafurable thirft
and induftry: But the Mwr/ and Genf/Zej- often ravifh it from them 5
for the Bannyan is no Hedor nor Fighter, but morally honeft, cour-
teous

Of the Empire of the MoguL 42" j

teous in Behaviour, temperate in Pailion, decent in Apparel, abOe"
mious in their Diet, indulhious in their Callings, charitable to the
needy, humble to all , and fo innocent, as not to take away the Life
of the fmalleft Vermin, believing the Tranfanimation of Souls into
Beafts; a Perfuafion though firange to us, was not to our Countrey- .
men the Dtuida of old.

Elora^ not much above three hours from Doltabad, is famous for the
many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of men and women cut in the
Rock, fo that if one confiders the number of fpacious Temples full of
Pillars and Pilafters, and the many Thoufands of Figures, all cut out
of a Natural Rock, it may be truly faid, 7hat they are H^ork/ /«r-
pafjing Hnman force*

The River Ganges, having received an infinite number of Brooks
and Rivers from the North- Eafi and Weft, difcharges it felf by feve-
ral Mouths into the Gulph of ^engala^ making feveral pleafant Iflands,
containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees.

Patna is one of the greateft Cities of India upon the Banks of Gan^
gest about two Leagues long, where the Hollanders have an Houfe, be-
caufe of their Trade in Salt-petre.

Vnca is a great Town, about two Leagues long by the fide of Gan-
ges^ where the Englijh and Hollanders have very fair Houfes for their
Goods and Trade, reckoned the Capital City of Bengala.

At Ouguely is the general Fa<9:ory of the Vutch, and at Kaffen Ba"
fer is the Houfe of the Diredor of all the Holland Factories in Bengala,
Kachemire, Cachmir and Kichmir, "thev. is efteemed the little Paradife of
India^ by reafon of its Beauty. At Bannereus upon the Banks oi Gan-
ges, and Jaganate, upon the mouth of it, are the chief Pagods, than,
which nothing can be more magnificent, by reafon of the quantity of
Gold and Jewels wherewitli they are adorned, and millions of People
repair thither to celebrate their Feftivals.

Bengala, famous for its temperate Air, for the Fertility of the
Soil, for the great ftore of Kice, for its Cane or Bamboo's, and its
Calamha wovd, which yields the moft pleafant fcent in the world. It
gives its Name to one of the moft famous Gulphs of Afia, called
Golfo de Bengala, the Sinus Gangeticus of Ftol. Its yearly Revenue
paid to the Mogul, comes to a Million and 500000 Koupies clear ; the
chief City thereof is Bengala. by fome Satigan. Gange Ftol. Ganges Strabff^
Thevenot calls this Province OuleJJer-, the Idolaters, Jaganat,
Befides ihefe Countries, 1 tind mention made by Wlr.T^avernier,
I. Of the Kingdom of Boutony of a large E 51 tent , Lmous for
Mhs^ Rbubarby Wormfeed, and Furrj^ and the Caravan is three months

tsa.-

A 22 0/ the Empire of the Mogul,

travelling from ?atna to Bout an ^ the way being generally through
Forefts, and over Mountains, which after you have pafTed, the Coun-
try is good, abounding in K/ce, Corn^ Pulfe and Jf'ine. They have
had for a long time the ufe of Mufquets and Cannon, and their Gun-
powder is long, but of great Force : The Natives are ftrcng and
well proportioned, but their Nofes and Faces are fomewhat flat ; and
there is no King in the world more feared and more refpeded than
the King of Boutan.

2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu^ of whofe extent
there is no certain Conjedure to be made > there is a Mine of Gold,
but courfe, as alfo a fort of courfe Silk, which is the greateft Revenue
the King hath.

3 . Of the Kingdom of Afem, which is one of the beft Countries in all
^fia^ producing all things neceffary for human fuftenance, yet Vogsflepif
is the greateft delicacy ; there are Miwes of Gold^ Silver^ Lead^ Irony
and ftore of SUk^ and GumlaJ^. Kenerof is the Name of the City
where the King keeps his Court ; and at Ax.o are the Tombs of the
Kings of Jfem ; and 'tis thought that thefe are the firft Inventers of
Guns and Powder, which from thence fpread into China. They have
Vines, but make no Wine, but dry their Grapes to make Aquaviia ;
and of the Leaves of Adani% Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and
Women are generally well complexioned , but fwarthy, fubjed to
Wens in their Throats, as well as thofe of Bouton and Tipra* They
go Naked, only covering their Privy Parts i and a Blue Bonnet or
Cap upon their Heads, with Bracelets upon their Ears, Arms and
Legs.

The

The Peninsula
On this fide G A N G E S.

42?

THis Veninfula is comprehended between the Mouths of Jndm and
Ganges^ and advances Northwards from the Eft^te of the Ma-
gul to Ca^e Cormorin in the South, and on the Eaft and \^ eft it is

waflied

4^4 ^^^ VeninJuU on this fide Gafi^es,

wa{hed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by
the Mountains of Gata^ which ftretch themfelves from the North
to the South with feveral fair Plains on the top, and occafion feve-
ral feafons at the fame time •, for many times it is Winter on the
one fide, and Summer on the other. It belongs to above fifty Kings,
the potenteft of which by degrees fubdueth the reft. The Portugals,
Englijh^ and HoVanderi^ have feveral places near the Sea, with For-
trelTes for the fecurity of their Trade, which is generally in Spices^
Jewels^ Pearls and Cotten-Linmn. The other places upon the Land are
inhabited by the Natives^ whofe Petty Sovereigns not being able
to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans ^ are glad to entertain Com-
merce with them, and to crave their Ailiftance in their Wars one with
another. This Peninfula may be divided into four principal parts ;
Decan, Golconda^ Narfwgua^ and Malabar.

Vecan acknowledges Vifapour , Mnfopatta , Baud. Viziapour , Ihev.
for her Capital City, which is large, but fcambling ; the King's Pa-
lace is vaftly big, but ill built, the Seat of Idalcan, or Vialcan, a Ma-
hometan King, once very powerful ; He took Vabul from the Portw
gals, befieged Chaul and Goa, leading his Army, near two hun-
dred thoufand men, well provided with Ammunition, his Artillery
great, having, as 'tis faid, one particular Cannon that will carry a
Bullet of near eight hundred pound weight j once Tributary to the
Mogul, but now Abfolute, Tav. who has won from him Vultabat^ of a
great Trade, and one of the beft Fortrefles in the Mogufs Empire ;
Bider^ Paranda, and other places, and built the great and new City of
Aureng-abad^ encorapafled with a Lake , and adorned with a fair
Mofque and ftately Monument.

Goa, the Barigaza of oldj is the refidence of the P(?rfK^,2/ Viceroy,
and the Km^oi PortugaVs Magazine for the Eaft- Indies , and Har-
bour for their Indian Fleet : Tis reported, that the Hofpital of Goa
is more Beautiful, Richer,and better accommodated than the Hofpital
of the Holy-Ghoft in ^owe, or the Infirmery of Maltha: The Ci-
ty is very large -, and though without Gates and Walls, yet with its
Caftles and Forts 'tis of great ftrength and force : Their Houfes
fair, their Palaces and publick Buildings very Magnificent , their
Churches ftately and richly adorned. Her Strength and Beauty took
rife from the D^w/i Rings, from whom Anno 2 505* Albuquerque the
Vidorious Portttgal conquered it, and after that defended it againft
70000, Foot and 3500 Horfe, which Idulcan brought to reduce it
with. 'Tis the braveftand beft defended City in the Orient, feated
in an Ifle called T?//T^<»rj 30 miles in Circuit, furrounded by a freftl

River,

The "PiHtnfuU on this fUe Ganges. 4^5

River, ftreaming from the mighty Mountain Bellaguate ; The whole
Ifle fo abounding in feveral little Towns, Fields, Groves and Gar-
dens, repleniftied with Grafs, Corn, CatteJ, Fruit, Flowers, and fuch
felf-raviftiing Objeds, that here the Vortugah live in all manner of de-
light and Pleafure, exceeding Proud and Stately, but Civil and Cour-
teous \ both Sexes given to Venery, and the Women excelTively amo-
rous of White men, but much confined. The King of Vifapour hath
four good Ports in this 'Decan Territory, Rejapour^, Vabul, Vmga of
old^ ijrft yielded to the Mercy of Jndragm Governour of Chaul^ but
foon taken by the Z>eM««ew,but recover'd from them h^F. Alm?yda-^zn^
after great Slaughter of the Inhabitants and Rich Spoil, burnt the
City, repaired afterward by the Vice- Roy of Goa : About the year
1 620 taken by an Englijh Captain, (Hall) who made the Daring Tor-
tugal know, that their Bravadoes to the 'Englijh were not terrible.

Choul^ the Comane of Ptol. te(ie Caft. ravKhed from the Diadem of Pg-
can by Almeyda in the year 1507. And in the year 1573 ^^ was be-
iieged by Mifamoluc^ the Vecan Prince, with an numerous Army of
Horfe, Foot and Elephants 5 but he was forced to raife his Siege with
Lofs and Shame.

Crapatan and Mengrdia^ which laft is. one of the beft Roads in all
India^ and is famous for Cardamum, the beft of Spices 5 and the Vutcb
have a Fadory there.

The H I s T o R Y of Seyagy Tay. StVagi They.

THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagy^ and the defperate Attacks
made upon fome of our Ea^-Jw^w Ships, efpecially that of the
Preiident, Captain Jonathan Hide Commander, in the year K583,
by I $00 of his men, in three Ships and four Grabs, who were brave-
ly repulfed with a great Slaughter, though thofe brave men had not
the happinefs long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Adion, the
Ship b.ing unfortunately caft away coming into the Channel, and all
the men but two loft. Thefe and many other of his Adions, have
given many occafion to inquire what he is, and what Country he
pofTeffeth.

This Ka]a Siva^, born at Bajhaim^ the Son of a Captain of the
King of Fi^ci/>o«r/, being of a reftlefs and turbulent Spirit, rebelled
in his Father's life-time, and putting himfelf at the head of feveral
Bandiii , and other debauched Young men , he retired unto the

I i i . Mountains

426 The VeninfuU on this fide Ganges,

Mountains of Viftapour^ and made his part good agairift all thofe that
came to attack him.

The King of Vifiapour thinking that his Father kept Intelligence
with him, caufed him to be arrefted, and he died in Prifon. Sivigy
conceived fo great a hatred againft the King, that he ufed all endea-
vours to be revenged of him. And in a very (hort time he plundered
Vifiapour, and with the Booty he took, made himfelf fo ftrong in Men,
Arms and Horfes, that he became able enough to feize fome Towns,
viz^. Kajapour^ Rafigar^ Crapaten, Daboul^ and to form a little §tate
thereabout. The King dying about that time, and the Queens en-
deavours to reduce him being unfuccefsful, (he accepted the Peace he
propofed to her, that he (hould enjoy the Territories which he had
fubdued, that he ftiould be tributary to the Young King, and pay hina
half his Revenue.

However, he could not reft, but plundered fome places belonging to
the Great MoguU who therefore fent Forces againft him under the Con-
duct: of the Governor of Aurenge-Abat. But Sivigi having his retreat
always in the Mountains, and being extremely cunning, the Mogul
could not reduce him. In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul,
he refolved to plunder Sitrrat, which he did for 40 days ; fo that none
but the Engli(h zr\d' Dutch faved themfelves, by the vigorous Defence
they made, by reafon of their Cannon, which Sivigy would not venture
upon, nor durft he adventure to attack the Caftle, but marched off
with the Wealth he got, which was reported to be worth in Jewels,
Gold and Silver, to the value of Thirty French Millions, which was^
in the year i<5<54 when he was 35' years of Age. And the Mogul's '
Affairs not fuffering him to purfue his Revenge upon Sivigy^ he fiill
continues his Robberies and Pyracies upon all opportunities and oc-
cafions.

Malabar^ or Malavar is a low Country, with a delightful Coaft, and
well inhabited by people that practice Pyracy. There is a certain
wind, which blowing there in winter, fo difiurbs the neighbouring
Sea, that itrouls the Sand to the mouths of the adjoining Ports j fo
that at that time there is not water for little Barks to enter •, but in
the Summer time another contrary wind is there fo violent, that it
drives back the fame Sand, and renders the Ports again Navigable ;
The great number of Rivers in this Country renders Horfes ufelels,
efpecially for War. A Country moft part of the year verdant, and
abounding with Cattel , Corn , Cotton , Pepper , Ginger^ CaJJta , Car-
damum^ Rice^ Myrobalans^ Ananas ■ pappof y Melons, Dates, Coco's and
other Fruits.

Caleeuf^

The TeninfHU on this fide Ganges, 427

Calecut^ ox Calicut^ thought to be the Town which Vtol. calls Can-
ihapis, an Error of Niger and Bertiuf. CalicarU Herb, is a Town of
Trade, where the Fortugals firft fetled themfelves, though not with
thatfuccefs asatCoc^/w, where they obtain'd leave to raife a Cittadel,
which was the firlt Fort they had in the Eafl-Indies ^ but that For-
trefs was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The
Prince of Calicuts calls himfelf Zamorin^ a Prince of great power and
awe ; and not more black of colour, than treacherous in difpofition,
Many deformed Tagothas are here worftiipped, but with this ordinary
Evafion, 7hat they adore not Idols^butthe Deumo's they reprefent. And the
Dutch GeneraljWho was Cook of a Ship, Crowned the King with thofc
hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword : And exa<fts
a Tribute from all the Kings oi Malabar ^ but moft of them are difpens'd
withal from paying it. Befides this Prince, there are in this Country
the Kings of Canannr^ Tanor^ Cranganor^ Cochin ^ Coulan^ and Travancor,
and 10 or 12 other confiderable ones.

Cochin^ Colchin of Ptol. Herb, not much inferior to Gifa^ pays Tribute
to the Hollanders., who keep the Caftle. The Harbor is pcftered with
Rocks and Shelves.

C3«/i?« has been much richer, and better peopled than it is j for it
had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants, Sopatpa in Arrian^ and Colay
in Ftol. Zamoryn valued it for its Scituation, for its Port, and its Fi-
delity. Since that, the Sands having ftop'd up the Port, Goa and Ca-
kcut have got all the Trade from it,

Cananor., CaVegeris Ftol. tefie Ca(ial. holds alfo fome Iflands among the
Maldives, viz. the Ifle Malicut.,zr\d the five Ifles of Diavandororv .

Onor, the Hippocura oi Ftol.tejle Baud* produces a weighty fofC of
Tepper, and Black^Kice., accounted better than the White.

Baticak and Gerfopa^ further in the Land, are the Capital Cities of
their Kingdoms, included under the general Name of Canara.

To Malabar joins the fifhing Coalt, called the Coaft of Manar^
where they fifli for Pearls in .j4pril for three weeks together. The
Country, which contains about 30 little Cities , is dry and Sun-
burnt, having no other advantages but by the Fifliery, for which they
keep a Fair at T'uticorin ^ The moft part of it is under the Naic of
Madure, the Hollanders poffeffing only the J/land of Kings, where they
have built a Fort, and to which there is no coming but by a Channel,
for the defence whereof they have raifed feveral Works, for confer-
vation thereof, being of fo great importance to them, by reafon that
thereby they are Mafters of the Banks of Manar. There is alfo found
fomfr Ambcrgreice \ and heretofore near to Cape Comorin ^ a Cape

I i i 2 well

42& TheFeninfuU on this fide Ganges,

well known of old by ?toL called Cory & CaVigicum by Strah, Conomen-
c'ma by Flin, Calufca& Colaicum.Comar by Arrianm his Feriplm. Comara
extrema^ or Cape Comryn i there was a Pearl found that weighed above
30 Quintals.

Coromandd^ or Corobander, Cartagar damna Ptol. fo called, from the
abundance of Kwe which it produces, is famous for the beft Ports of
India. The City of Meliaporey Malipur ineolisy St. Ihomafo Lufitanis
Melange Ttol. or the Caltirmina of Sophron, and St. Jhomas's AngliSy
where that Apoftle wrought many Miracles, and where (as their Tra-
ditions) he foretold the coming of White People into that Country.
It is obferved, that the Off-fpring of thofe that Martyr'd St. Thomas,
have one Leg bigger than the other.

Malipur IS feated upon a fmall River, having five foot of Water at
the mouth of it, which is about Cannon- (hot from the City ; but
fmall Ships had rather harbor themfelves at Pelicate, and the great ones,
at Negapatan^ which with Meliapor belongs to the Pottugah. oj.l/;-:*

Pelicate^ befides the Town, there is a Fort called Geldria, that be-
longs to the D«/c^, where they have their chief Fadory, and where
lives the chief Intendent over all the reft that are in the Territories of
the King of Golconda. In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers, be-
fides Merchants. The Baftions are well ftored with good Guns, and
the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it. 7averneir tells us. That when
the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink, they ftay till the Sea is
quite gone out, then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they
can, they meet with frefh Water.

About 7 or 8 Leagues off, is Fort St. George^ which belongs to the
Englijh, whofe Port or Harbour is called Madrafpatan.

The Kingdom of Gokonda is a Country abounding in Corn, Rice,
Cattel, and other Neceffaries for Human Life ; and Bagnagar is the
Name of the Me/rtf/>tf/*^5 commonly called Gokonda, which is the Name
of a Fortrefs about two Leagues from it. The City is faid to be little
lefs than Orleans s feated upon a River, which near to Maflipatan falls
into the Gulph of Bengala, over which River there is a ftately and
fair Bridge into the City, which is adorned with the King's Palace,
and the Houfes of the great Lords, and other Per fons of Quality, the
Merchants and Tradefmen living in the Suburbs, which are a League
in length. In this City is to be feen the Foundation of a magnificent
Pagod, which, had it been finilhed, Had been thefaireft in India ; there
is one Stone, which is an entire Rock, of fuch a prodigious Bulk, that
5 or 600 men were five years before they could hew it out of its place,
and they fay, that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away.

The

The Pemftfida on this fide Ganges, 419

The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned, and of
comely itatures, only the Country people fwarthy •, there are faid to
be 20000 Licenfed common Women about the City and Suburbs.

The prefent King, defcended from an ancient Family of the 'Tut"
comans^ is a Mahumetan^ and of the Se^ of H;i/i, and pays the Mo-
gul an annual Tribute of 200C00 Pagods.

Maflipatan is a great City, and the moft famous Road for Ships isi
the Guiphof Bengal^ the ^rgarkk^Gtulph of old, from whence they
fet Sail for Pegu^ Siam^ Aracan^ &c. where, Bloom faith, tiie EngUJh
have fetled a Fadory.

Concerning the Kingdoms of Narftnga and Bifnagar^ which fome
Authors make two diftind Countries, though fome others confound
them together, I (hall give you this Account, That formerly the Ter-
ritories of the Raja of Narfinga extended from Cape Cormorin all
along the Coaft oiCormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls in-
to the Bengalan Gulph, near the mouth of the Ganges j the other Ra-
jo's being his Subjeds ; that the laft R^jj, who was at War with
j4ckj?ar the Moguls brought into the Field four Armies, the firft lay
in that Province which is now called Golconda, the fecond was quar-
tered in the Province of Vifapour^ the third in Brampore^ the fourth
in Voltabat, This Raja dying without Children, the four Generals
divided amongft them the Country 5 but the Succeflbr of the Mogul
conquered again that of. Brampore^ of Doltahat. and^part of Vifa-
pour » but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him, as was faid
before ; fo that 'tis very probable there are no fuch Cities as
Narfxngm or Bifnagar. 'Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of
them.

The h{\ Relations tells us, ih^t Gandkot, Tav.Guendieot^ Thev.is
one of the ftrongeft Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica^ about 85-
Leagues from Meliapour, and 1200 from Golconda : And that the
greateft Raja on that fide Ganges is of Velour, whofe Territories ex*
tend to Cape Cormorin^ and who fucceeded to fome part of the Ertate
of the Raja of Narfwgue ; but in regard there is no Trade in his Coun-
try, he is but little known to Strangers.

Thevenot tcWs us. That the Ufurpers were but Tiiree, zv't,. of F/-
Ztiapor^ of Bifnagar^ or Carnates^ formerly called Narfwga , and Gol-
conda. Thus thefe Kings claftiing together, the Kings of Vifmpor and
Golconda warred upon the King of B'tfnagar, and feized upon feveral
of hisTowns^ fo that he was conftrained to flie into the Mountains,
and that his chief Town was Velour,

' The.

430 The VtninfuU on this fide Ga?3ges,

The Winter begins at Golconda in Jme with Rain and Thunder j
the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning ; and in February
the great Heats begin ; Vines are plentiful there, and the Grapes are
ripe in Jaimary. They have two Crops a Year of Kke, and many
other Grains.

Some Relations make met-tion of the Nairjues of Madure ^ the
Hdurd Ptol. MundirU Jlrriano. Modufa Tlin. Tanaior and Gingi^ the
Orthura Ptol. tefle Baud. Orijfa Ca(ial. of the Kingdom of M<Jfur, ijCXt
to that o( Mjdure^ but give us little of Remark with certainty.

Gf the Peninfuk
Beyond GANGES.

451

THis Country in the elder Times was fo renowned for Wealth,
that one Trad of it had the Name of the 5./ar Region the
other of th^.GoldenCberfomfn yet> in truth, the Country ,t fdf was

4J2 Of the PemfffuU beyond Ganges,

but little known in the Times of the Ancients, or the Interior part 6f
It to us 111 thefe days. Our lateft Difcoveries tell us, 'tis difmembred
and (ubdivided into alnioft as many Kingdoms and Eftates as Cities and
lowns, and mto as many diAind Governments as there are Tribes
and Nations among them ; the chief Cities of which are fegu, 7ridip-
ton, or Jrigliphon of Ptol. by Caflal. which was very confiderable when
It comprehended two Empires, and Twenty fix Kingdoms, and then
It was that Gold, Silver^ Pearls, and precious Stones were as common
in the Court of Pegu, as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches
thither: But what its Revenues, what its Government, what its
Forces and Riches now are, I do not certainly find.

On the North o{Pegu,iKzv Bengala, is the City and Kingdom of
Arachan, now faid to be fubjedt to the Great Mogul. Siriangh, or Sire-
jang, is a ftrong Fort on the mouth of the River, given to the Portugals
by the King ol Arachan, who, at laft, were forced to yield it to the
King oiAua, by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit,

Sandiva is an Ifland about 30 Leagues in compafs, very fruitful,
once fubdued by the Portugals, but taken from them by the King of
Arachan, Anno i^o8, ^

2. Siam, of which our laft Relation tells us, That 'tis a Country
plentiful in Rice and Fruits ; The Forefts of large Bamboos, are full of
-Rhinocero's, Elephants^Tygers, Harts, Apes, and Serpents with two Heads,
but one has no motion.

The Rivers are very large, and overflow the Banks when the Sun
IS in the Southern Tropick. The Capital City is Siam, the Sobanus
or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3 Leagues in Circuit, and walled, the Ri-
ver running quite round it 5 and in the year 1 66^. fortified with very
good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jefuit, whofe Port-Town is Bancock
iix Leagues from the Sea. ^

The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords •
they have a great many Priefts called Bonzes, very ignorant yet
greatly reverenced j they hold the Tranfmigration of Souls into feveral
Bodies, and fay. That the God of the Chriftians and theirs were Bro-
thers.

They have 3 3 Letters in their Alphabet, and write from the Left to
the Right, contrary to the Cuftom of oehcr Indians.

'^j}^l'^^^8'^sonQ of the richeft Monarchs of the Eaft, andfiyles
himfelf King of Heaven and Earth., though Tributary to the Tartars
as Conquerors of China. He never fiiews himfelt in Publick above
twice a Year, but then in an extraordinary Magnificence. He hath
a great kmdnefs for Elephants, counts them his Favourites, and the

Orna-

Of the FemnfuU heymd Ganges] 4^ ^

Ornaments of his Kingdom , and ftyles himfelf King of the iVhite
Elephant^ for which there hath been great Wars between him and the
Peguan King.

Martahan, faid to h^ih^Xriglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Ben-
gala, once fubjed to ?egu^ now to S'tam\ once a Kingdom, now of
a great Trade, ^efpecially for Martabanes, which are Veffels of Earth,
of a kind- o^ Porcelain varniihed with black, and much efleemcd in all
the Eaft. .

3. Malacca, the Aurea Cherfomfiis o( old, in the Peninfula whctcof
are divers Kingdoms, all which, except Malacca, are Tributary to
that of Siam j Tenajferi, Jrtncalaon^ ^eada, Pera , and Malacca, are
on the Weftern part •, Ihor, Puhang^ Patane, Burddong, and Ligor^ are
on the Eaftern Coafl:.

Malacca, the Tacola of Ptol. tefte Alph. Adriano, ( aliis Hacolak Jttn-
calaon) is the moft famous, being great, rich, and powerful 5 An. 1511.
the PortugaU took it, and kept it till \6^i. when the Hjhnders
took it from them. Among the Rarities of the Malacca, or rather
of the World, is the Arbor Triftis, which bears Flowers only after
.Sun-fet, and (heds them fofoon as the Sun rifes, and this every Night
in the Year.

4. Camboja, Forte Vytindra^ or Pkyndta of Vtol. on the River Mf
con, 60 Leagues up the River, once one of the three prime Cities in
this part of India : The King thereof is, or lately was, Tributary to
Siam^ whofe Manners and Cuftoms the People much refemble. In the
year 1^44. four Ho//^n^ Ships made into this River, and got out, not-
withftanding all the oppofition of the King of Camboja.

5". Chiampa, which communicates its Name to the Country, faid
to be a diftind Kingdom. It is fe a ted near the Sea-fide, and of good
Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes ; by fome the Town is cal-
led Pulo Caceim.

Cochin China is faid to be one of the beft Kingdoms in all India -, it
borders upon China^ of which it was once part ; and whofe Man-
ners» Cuftoms, Government, Religion, and other Ceremonies they
yet retain, but their Language is that of lonqnin. Among the Rari-
ties of this Country, is,

iFir/t, JThe Inundation which in Autnmn covers with its Waters al-
moft all the Country, making the Earth fo fruitful, that it brings
forth its Increafe twice or thrice a year.

Secondly, Their Saroy Boura^ or matter wherewith the Swallows
make their Nefts, which being deeped and moiftned in Water, ferves

K k k for

4j4 ^f f^^ FeninfuU beyond Ganges.

for Sauce to all Meats, communicating a variety of Tafte, as if com-
pofed of feveral Spices.

Thirdly, Their Trees called 2lb/«/, the Wood whereof remains un-
corruptible, whether in Water or Earth;

Sanfoo is one of the greateft Cities of Cochin China, and greateft
Trade, but now the Port failing, it decays.

Haifa, or Faifoy is remarkable for its Foreft of Orange and Pomgnt-
nate Trees.

Vinfoan is a good Port, but of a difficult entrance,
lacaan is an Ifle where the Fowls retire during the Heats.
Boutan is a good Haven.

Checo, Kek'Oy or Kecchio, is the chief City of the Kingdom of T»«-
<7«i«, and the ordinary refidence of the King, faid to contain a Mil-
lion of Inhabitants.

The tunquinefes^ as well Men as Women, are for the moft part well
proportioned, of an O/iz^e Completion.

Their Habit grave and mode ft, being a long Robe that reaches
down to their Heels, bound about at the Wafte with a Girdle of
Silk. Only the Soldier's upper Garment reaches no farther than his
Knees, and Breeches down to the mid-leg.

They are naturally mild and peaceable, fubraitting to Reafon, and
condemning the Tranfports of Choler.

The Air is fo mild and temperate, that all the year long feems to
be but one continued Spring j Froft and Snow are there never
known.

There are but two Winds which divide the whole Year, the one
North, the other South, both continuing for fix Months.

The Country produceth neither Corn nor Wine, but ftore of Rwre,
jigHa'vit£, and excellent Fruit.

Bodego is the place whence they embark the King's Body.

Cuadag is the Port where all the great Ships lie.

Cuaci is the Bounds between 7unquin zr\d.Cochin China.

Chancon'isthc place where St. Xavier died 15 5-2.

The Country is adorned with many beautiful and fertile Plains, and
watered with many great Rivers.

Two Ships, or at leaft one, goes yearly from Nangefaque to Ton-
quiny where is much Si\ and Mnsk^^ and Lignum Aloes, which they
truck for Scarlets, Limn, ^nd Ambe^h the AJahafter the VutchAodid for
Balaft.

The

Of the PenmfuU beyond G tinges. 43$

The King's Palace, before which the BMch Ships ride at Anchor, is
very coftly, and their Bridges are all of j4laba(ier.

Modern Relations alfo mention the great Kingdom oi Lao, which
extends from Fourteen Degrees to Two and twenty and an half of
Northern Latitude, and Fifty miles in breadth all along on the River
Mecon^ whofe Capital is Lanjang in Eighteen Degrees of Latitude. As
alfo the Kings of Ava, the Paltbothra of Ptol. by Mercat. ?alimboth£jt
Arriano. Bao, Brema, Ciocangue^ and T^angUy which are faid to be Tri-
butaries to the King hereof.

About Twenty Leagues from the Coad Cambodia, lies the Bank
Traceliif, being about an Hundred Leagues long, and Forty broad.
The 7«iw«/ relate, that it was a Kingdom in former Ages, but funk
by Earthquakes ; and here it was in Anno 1660, the rich laden Ship
Tergoei' was (hi p wr ack*d .

Kkk 2 Of

43«

Of CHI

China

aNenj Descr-iption.
R obertJfftn-den,

).^I..1H1 HlkUlllll IIUI1M,H ■Jl.»illli,» -UlMklil LfflBE

CUina has been called by as many Names as there have been Royal
Families in it, but always accounted one of themoftconHde-
rable Countries in the World, by reafon of its Largenefs, the Beauty

Of chin A. 4^7

of ifs Cities, their Number, and the politenefs of the liihabltanf s. It
is alfo reputed, that Printing, the Silk Manufa(5iures, Artillery, Pow-
der , are more in ufe there than in Emop, Eelides all things necefiTi-
ry for human fublilknce and delight, it produces the niofi precious
Merchandizes of the E^J?; and Nature feems to have befiowed upon
every one of its Provinces fomething of particular EileemT^nd fome
that have lived there affirm, that vv^hatever is found difpers'dNin the
reft of the World, is there to be met with in one heap together;
and fome things that no part of the reft of the World af-
fords.

China Jies ir> a kaad of a Square, and is fo populous, that there have
been reckoned do. Millions ot people fit to be tax'd. The Rivers are
fo full of Boats, that it is thought they have more than all the Ri-
vers of the, World befide. The Revenue of the King is faid to be
150 Millions of pold 5 or, as others affirm, 400 Millions of Du-
cats.

The Chim^^s laugh at oux Maps, that place their Kingdom in one of
the extremities of the World, averring, that they lie in the middle,
as the Jen^s preten^d for Jerufakm, the-Greeh/ for Delpbos, and the
Mow/ for Granada, The Chimfes alfo fay, That they have two Eyes
the Eurapeant one, and that all other Nations have none at alL They
have: been alway fo jealous to conceal the Maxims oithdt Poltdes.thd^t
wil%igly they will nqt give Strangers admittance into their Coun-
trey*; The ^reat Wall, oj Entrenchment rather, 400 Lea^^ues in
length, was a Work of more Labour than Ufe; for the Tartars have
feveral times over-run China, notwithftanding that Obftacle If you
wiU^Mieve their Hiftories, they will tell you, That the T^r/^a have
troubled Chma for above thefe 4000 years. In thefe laft years there
have been ftrange Revolutions in this Empire'; For aft^r the Rebels
had acaed there a? Sovereignt-^he Tartars under Xmchi their King,
conquer d their Countrey m lefs than feven years, beginning fince 1 6 A
Their Military Force was but fmall, the Men of Learning overpower-
ing the Men of theSword ; fo that theftrength of their Kingdom was
only their Number and their Policy. Their Principal Nobility and
^,^? "^T "^^ ^ Mandarins, and now the Tartar keeps his Tartar and
Chinefe Officers under the Title of Vice-Roys; the one for War the
other for Learning; there is only this difference, that now the*
Sword ore- tops the Gown , and the Mandarins are dipt of their
Power, which they exercife with no fmall Pride over the Peo-
ple.

Taga-^

4j8 Of China:

Taganifm is generally recciv'd, yet Vertue is in high efteem. The
publick is far richer in proportion than private men. They continue
their Writing from the top to the bottom in length. They have a-
bove 5cooo Letters, but not above 300 Words, which are for the
moft part, all Monofyllables. So that whereas the Europeans have few
Letters, but many Words, the Cbinefe^ have many Letters, but few
Words, which they pronounce with a various Tone, denoting the va-
rious Signification of the Word, fo that they may be faid to fing, rather
than fpeak. The Chinefes are fo in love with their Hair, that they will
rather fuifer Death than be (hav'd.

AH China is divided into 1 5 Provinces, which are bigger than large
Kingdoms. There are 10 towards the South, that is to fay, Junnan^
^eichcu, ^tangft, ^antmg, Fohien, Chekfang, Kiadgfi, Kiangnang, or
Nanking, Suchuen, and Huquang^ which Provinces united, fome call by
the Name of Cathay ^ or Katay, as they call the Southerny Mank^n. The
five to the North are Xaifi, Xanfi, Techeli, or Pf%, Xantmg, Honan,
to which they alfo reckon the Territory called Uaotmg, and the Penin-
jula Corea.

The Ifles of China are Ainan toward the South', near totht Coaft of
Fo'kien lie ^uemoy and Eymuy ; further off at Sea appears Fermofaymd to
the Eaji o( Chekiang are the Ifles Chanqm and Chexan.

The Province of Peking, or Vecheli, is the firft in Dignity,and is divi-
ded into eight lefTer Counties, containing 1 3 1 Cities.

The Metropolis is Teh^ng, hy the Tartars Xuntien, by ^arcus Taului
Camhalu, in 3pDegr. 50. North. Latitude, adorned with many ftately
Palaces or Courts: According to the Vutch Narration, the Emperor's
Court was exa^ly fquare, containing 3 quarters of an hours walk,
with 4. Gates oppofite to the 4 Angles of the World •, at the end of
this Court Hands a Bridge, on each fide whereof Iknd three Ele-
I^hants richly caparifon'd, and generally loaded with gilded Towers;
through this you enter into another Quadrangle of 400 paces, at the
end of which ftand three ftately Houfes. Beyond this a third, and
farther a fourth Court all pav'd with Free- fione, and being 400 fpaces
fquare. In this ({d.nAs the Emperor's Throne, and four ftately Edifi-
ces curioully built, and covered with coftly Roofs, adorned with gil-
ded Galleries. Beyond this Court are feveral Orchards and Gardens
f lanted with all forts of Trees, and adorned with carious Building-s :
And thus- flourifhed the Palace of Fekin^ rebuilt by-the Tanarsm Ann.
1645.

In or near the Place oiPaoting the Emperor Hm/;^?/ anciently plan-
ted the Seat of his Kingdom 5 and on the E^/?-fide of the City Hokim

ftands

Of China. 4^9

flands a great Temple, in the middle of which is a /lately and great
Image. Chinting is great and populous. Jenk^n and Jmyfing are ihong
places for the defence of the Empire. The Garizon Tisncin lies on the
Bay Xang', it is a Port or Haven Town to ?eklng^ and of a great Trade > ,
and on the A/br/^- fide lies the great Gzi\(o\i Xanghaie^ on the Ifland
Cue.

Weft ward beyond the Province of ?eking lies Xanfi^ on the North
whereof lies the great Wall, and behind that the T^r^-^r Kingdom of
Tangu^ and the Defert Xamo. This Province is divided into five Coun-
ties, having eighty fix Cities, and tho not very big, yet is pleafant.
The City 7aiyven is the Metropolif, which for its Antiquity of Building,
ftately and brave Edifices, is accounted amongft the beft Cities of Chi*
m : At the City Vingiany the Emperor Jau kept his Court within the
Walls i and Without the Gate* of Fuencbsu ftands two ftately, ancient,
and magnificent Buildings.

The Province of Xenfi extendjto the Kingdom of Prejier J^hn. Cafcar
and Thebet, which the Chitiefet in a general Name call Sifam it is a
large Province, and is divided into eight Counties, having one hun-
dred and eighty Cities : «S'/^<2« is the Metropolis of the whole, feated on
the River Gitei, in a moft pleafant and delightful place, of a noble l^o*
fpedl, and good Trade.

In the Year 1525. a Stone was found in digging a Fonndation for
a Hbufe, infcribed with the Old Chinefe and »9j;rwci^Chara(^ers, which
contained the Chriftian Religion. Cungchand, Fmigciang^ Hsnchmg^
Ktngyang^zxiA Linyao^ are the chief Cities of the Countries of the fame
Names. Socheu is aftrong Hold, and well fortified 5 and Xancheu^oxCan-
cbfuisvety ftrong, and the Refidence of a Vice-Roy.

Xantun^m^iy jaftly beefteemed an Ifland, being wa(hed by the Sea
on one fide^ and feparated by feveral Rivers on the other, and is divi-
ded into fix Countries.

Chiaan^ the M'e<r(7/w//* of the whole Provmce, is very large, and full
of ftately Houfes, having two Lakes within its Walls, oat of which
flow feveral little Streams through the whole City 5 it is alfo adorned
with feveral ftately Temples. Among the great Cities of this Province,
Lincing exceeds in Inhabitants, Buildings and Trade, but above all for
its Porcelane Tower ninety Cubits high, curioufly adorned withlma-
geryand Painting without, and within laid with Marble of divers co*
lours fmoothly poliflied; on the Top ftands an Image caft of Copper,
and gilt, thirty foot high.

The Province of Honan^ by the Chinefej thought to lie in the mid*
die of the. Wojcld, beeaufe it lies in the midft of C^na 5 it is divided

inta

^44^ Of Qh'im,

into nine Terntories or Countries, having one hundred and eight Gi-
ties. The chief City diifung lies about two Leagues from the Tthro-
Rtver, whole Water is faid to be higher than the City : The other chief
Cities ^ar£ %/i/e, Cbangte, Bman, Nmyxng, and Juning.

Sjmimin is a great Province, and feparated by the River Kiang^ and is
cliv-ia?d into eight Countries, containing one hundred and fifty Cities,
bchdes Girifons. Cingin is the Metropolis, and lieth in an Ifland, yet
includes leveral Moats, over which are many Bridges •■, Painwg, Xwi}(>ng
Sinckm. 'Chunking, ^khen, Luggan, are the chief Cities of the Oiher
parts of this Province.

The Province Huqtung is divided alfo in the middle by the River
Kiang, The Chinejes call it the Land of FiOi and Rice, and the Store-
houfe oiChina, and have a Proverb, that the reft of the Provinces af-
fords them but one Meal, but that of Hnquang feeds them all the year
long; It IS divided into fifteen Countries, containing one hundred Ci-
tiesigreac and fmall, and eleven Garifons.

The Metropol^ whereof is rW:;^,;^, on the ^mi^ Shore of the River
Kung, Hanyang, Siangyang.regan, Hoangcheu, Kingcheu.Jocheu, Chanz-
pca, Paok^ing, Hancheu, Chante, Xincheu, Imgcheu, Chingyan^.znd Chinz-
isei^ are the other chief Cities, and Chingchm is the chief City of a little
Territory of the fame Name.

Kungfi is divided into thirteen Countries, containing ^7 Cities • the
chief whereof is Nanchang , once the Metropolis of the Empire : laolheu
^anfin, Kictikiang, Kknchang.Unklang, Kiegan.Kancheu, are other chief
Cities. In this Province near laocheu, and no where elfe, is that Wa-
ter to be found which brings Porcelaneto perfe^ion, efpecialiy when
they intend it an Azure, Vermillion, or Yellow Tindure. The laft
Travellers into China tell us, that Porcelane is made of a particular Sand
or Earth, which is fetch'd out of the Country of the City, Hoiechm in
the Province of Nan\ing •, nor is it neceffary that the Earth fliould be
buried a whole Age together, as others idly affirm ; for the Chimfes
only knead this Sand or Earth together, and make Veffels of it
which they bake in Furnaces forfifteen days^ but the colouring of
It is one of the chief Arts or Secrets which they conceal from Stran-
gers.

The Province of F<ie« is divided into eight Counties, and con-
tains ^o Cities and Towns: Focheu.ox Hockfteu.ls the Meirppolis ^nd chid
ot the Countrey ; it is feated about fifteen Leagues weftward from the
Sea, on the Southern Shore of the River Min, which with a wide
mouth falls into the Sea, and brings both fmall and great Veffels up
to the City walls ; it is populous and of great Trade, where the Dutch
alio had lometime a Fadtory in the year 1 66z. Xhe

Of Chini, 44 1

'The City Chiencheu lies near the Sea, in a delightful Plain, with a
large Bay> that the greateft Ships ride clofe under the walls. Chau-
ehett of great Trade for all ri<:h and foreign Commodities. Kknning up-
on the River A///;, is a plac€ of great Trade, for all Commodities pafs
through it. Hmhoa is neatly buJt, adorned with many triumphant
Arches and Colledges for the encouragement of Learning.

XaoHW and 'tinchm are alfo confiderable. Foning is alfo fair and
large, lying near the Sea. The Caftle Ganhul near Changeheu hath a
convenient Haven for Ships: And linyan is a Fort for the defence of
the Sea-coaft.

The Province of Ci&ii^'^wj^ exceeds all the reft in fertility of Soil, de-
lightfulnefs in Profpeds, and in plenty of Silk ; it is divided into
eleven great Countries, having eighty three Cities or Towns, befides
unwalled places, Caftles and populous Villages. Hancherv is the chief-
eft City, thought to be the ancient ^inzjty. Kiahing is moted about
with Rivulets of Water, full of ftately and well- built Strudures \ all
the Streets are arched , under which they walk as in a Piazza, free
from wind and weather. Niencheu, KincheUy Chueheu, Kinhoa, Vacheuj
Ningpo and Xoahing, all chief Cities, and bravely adorned ; not far
from Ningp lies Liampo, once much frequented by the Portugals. The
whole Province ofCbekjang is every where cut through with Rivers,
Rivulets and murmuring Streams, fome natural, others artificial The
chief River Cbe, which gives name to the Countrey, of which they
tell us, that annually upon the eighteenth day of the eighth Moon,
(which is oMxOliober) a prodigious Spring-tide happens, roaring ex-
treamly in its afcent, beyond the loud murmur of Catarad^s or Water-
breaks, and comes with a head high and ftrangely mounted above the
Waters.

The Province of Nanking^ hy tht I'artars called Kiangnan, is the fe-
cond in honour, in magnitude and fertility in all China : It is divided
into 1 4 great Territories, having Cities and Towns an hundred and
ten*, NankingyOt Kimgning^heuig the Mttropoliji a City , thit if {he did
not exceed moft Cities on the Earth in bignefs and beauty, yet (he was
inferior to few, for her Pagodes, her Temples, her Porcelane Towers,
her Palaces and Triumphal Arches. Fungiangy Sucheu, Sur.klang^ Leu-
theu, Hoaigan, Ganking, Ningue^ Hoeicheu, are alfo eminent places, and
of great Note and Trade.

The Province of ^antungWes along upon the Sea-(hore, having ma-
ny convenient Havens and Harbors j it contains ten Counties, and
eighty great and fmall Cities, ^anchm, or Canton by the Portugals^
is the Metropolis and chief of the Province; exceedingly beautiiied

L 1 1 with

44^ Of China.

with Pagodes, Palaces, flately Strudures, and Triumphal Arches 5
fortified with ftrong Walls, Towers, Bulwarks and Redoubts, defen-
ded by five Caftles. Of the greateft Trade, and the richeft in the
whole Kingdom. The other great Cities are Xaocheu, Hoeicheu, Chao-
chiu^ Chaoiilngy Liencheu and Lukheu, The Ifland oi Ainati^ot Hainan^
is reckoned for the tenth County, it lies in the Bay oiTunking^ fepara-
ted from China by a Chanel of about five Leagues broad, where they
fiOi for Pearls 5 its chief City is Kimcheuox Ingly^ fortified with ftrong
Walls, hand feme Buildings, and well feated for Trade, and the whole
Ifland produces all NeceiTaries for humam fuftenance.

Southwards of Canton lies many fmall Iflands in the Sea, on one of
which, or rather a little Rock, joined to a great Ifland, lieth the City
Macao^ once pofleffed by the P(7r/«g«e/i, fo naturally fortified, that 'tis
almoft invincible,being defended with two Ikong Cables againft the at-
tempts of an Enemy.

The Province oi^anfi in bignefs, plenty of Merchandife, and plea-
fant Fields, may compare with the relt. It is divided into eleven great
Countries, which contain p8 Cities great and fmall, the chief whereof
is ^i/w,full of flately Strudures ; other chief Cities are Gucheu^ Kingy
ang^ Cincheu-y Nunning^ Taping, Chingan, and others.

The Province of ^icheu js divided into 8 Counties, having great
and fmall Cities, to the Number of 8 1, of which ^iyang is the chief;
Chinyveng, 'Tmying^ Liping, are the next confiderable.

The Province of Jmnan, tho the laft in place, is not the leaft in ex-
tent and goodnefs, viz, in the abundance of rich Commodities. 'Tis
i divided into twelve Provinces, containing eighty feven Cities great
and fmall, befides thirteen Garifons. The Metropolis Jmnan boafts to
be one of theijeft and greateft Cities in all China, flouriftiing in Trade
andPviches, adorned with fairStrudures and Temples. Jmgning, Li-
kjangy Taogan, Tali, Manhoa, Kinghung and Lancand, are other chief places.
In ftiort, they reckon in thefe Counties twelve hundred ninety nine
Towns, two hundred forty feven great Cities, called Cheu, and eleven
hundred hfty two little Towns, called Hien, yet as big as an ordinary Ci-
ty in Emope.' Martinius fets down thirteen hundred forty eight Towns,
whereof one hundred fifty nine are great, called Chen, and the other
Hien. ^ There are alfo great Garifons, or Military Countries, every
one with lefler Garifons under their commands, thirty feven in num-
btr ; alfo feveral Forts and Caftles to the number of one hund^red fe-
yenty i\x, Befides thefe Towns and FortreiTes, China is very full of
innumerable Villages and Hamlets, fo that it appears to be as one en-
tire City.

Corea

Of China. 44 1

Cona is divided into eight Territories *, on the 'Ronh it joins to Kwr
chz'vci lartary j the South refpeds thelfland Fangma, or Quelpaerts^ on
which in the year 1^53. the Ship Spertver oi Batavia was Ihip wracked,
and of fixty four men thirty fix got to ftiore, whofuffered many ex-
tremities, and there found one of their Vutch Country men that had
been Prifoner 27 years. The whole Country is exceeding populous,
full of Towns built after the Chinefe manner, whofe Falhions, Lan-
guage, Letters, Religion and Government the Coreans follow. Its chief
City is Pinjang; but by the aforefaid Vutch-tnens Relations, Sioor was
the Royal City, from whence in the year 1 666. in a Fifhermans Bark,
in ten days, eight of them got to Gofto Ifland, and from thence to Nen-
gefaqm on the Ifland Vyfma.

The Ifle Formofa, once Paccand, now under the Tartars, abounds
with Deer, Wild Goats, Hares, Coneys, Swine and Tygers, the
Woods with Pheafants and Pidgeons, and the Ground produceth Rice,
Wheat, Sugar, Ginger, Cinnamon, Coco- Nuts, and feveral other
NecefTaries for human Suftenance.

Their chief pra^ice or fpecial Vertues are, Theft, Murther and A-
dultery 5 but if any of the Women prove with Child before they are
thirty feven years of age, when they are ready to be delivered the
Midwife kneedsit to death in the Womb. They write, read and have
Regifters.

In Anno 16$^. happened a mighty Earthquake, which continued
feven weeks with little intermiffions : In December and January is ge-
nerally rhefaireft weather : Their greateft Rains are in July znd Au-
guji : The Moufons or ftormy Seafons begin in Odober , and continue
till March f which is called tht Northern ; the other, or Southern, begins
in May^ and holds till September.

Againft the North-Eaft part of Formrfa lies a rich Golden Mine, fur-
rounded by many Rocks, from whence in Augufl. the Fvains wafh down
great ftoreof Gold Ore, not far fromthe Fort Kelang, which the Dutch
had in pofTeffion. "

Tayrvan, ciTayovan^ upon the Ifle Formofa, the utmoft North-point,
being diftant almoft a League, but the Southermoft point within a
Bow (hot of the Land, it is about two Leagues and an half in Length,
and a quarter in Breadth j on the North- fide upon a Sand-hill ftands the
Fort Zelandia, built by iheDutch^ 1 632. under the Cz(\]eJfefia>ard\ks3i-
notherFort, guarded by two points of the Sea: ABow-fliot diftant lies a
ftrong Oat- work. being theK'ey to theCaftle,^caird Vtrecht-^Eajitvardhom
which ftands theTown built hyAheDutch: On thee ther fide^on the main
o(Formofa ftands the Fort and Village Sakk^m^ well planted with Can-

L 1 1 2 non 9

444 ^f ChinA*

non ; but in the Year 1 66 1. Coxin^a and his AfTodatcs, being a Crevr

of Rebels Chinefes, took both the Illand of Formofa and 7ayoven from
the Vfttch, alter a Siege of Ten Months, where Coxinga found Ten
Tun of Gold, Forty pieces. of Ordnances, and other things to a great-
value.

Of JAPAN.

A*l<

j^B ,

^uiiMuum

DUilUlJUlllL

THE Ifland'of Ja^an^ if it be an ffle, is not only oncf&t many 5,
for the Coaft , difcontinued with many Inlets, fiands like a^
broken wall , and the feveial falls of FwAl^watci^Biooks and Ri^

vwletSj

Of cBml 44^

vulets, cTefcending from the upper Grounds, with their mixt inter-
weavings, both from Sea and Land , make a numerous crowd of
petty Ifles, the moftfpacious and wealthy whtxtoVxs Japan, by the
NdLtives Nippon, formerly faki to comprehend fifty three Kingdoms i
but our hter Relations tell us, that they are now fallen into the lap
of one fole Monarch, who keeps his magnificent Court itjedo. This
Ifland extends in length fevcn hundred and twenty Miles,, the breadth
generally about one hundred and eighty, but various. The Eaft looks'
towards Californea in America, though four thoufand and two hun-
dred Miles diftant. I am not ignorant, that fome Geographers have
made them to meet, others bring them very near together : I have
two Lunar obfervations , and the coherence of the Sea-chart with
them, to ftrengthen my affertion. The Air of thefe Iflands is tem-
perate, but for the molt part fnowy and cold i they abound in Rice,
Pearl and Mines of Silver, very much efteemed j the Pearls are very
large, but fomewhat inclining to Red.

The Country appears more hilly than plain, amongft which ard
two wondeful Mountains, one vomiting continually flames; theothe^
of a Prodigious height.

The Palm-Tree that grows there, is of-^a ftrange quality, fif true)
for it endures no manner of moifture at the Roots, which is as de-
ftrudive to them as Poyfon* To make it to grow, it tnuft be fet in
a hole full of filings of Iron and dry Sand ; and if any Boughs or
Branches are broke or torn off by Winds or any^ accident, ii but
nailed to the body, it will grow as well as if grafted;

The Japameri are generally t^ll ot Stature, and well-fet, and of
a ftrongConftitution, being exercifed in all manner of fuffering, and
fcparated from their Mothers and female Relations, believing that
nothing makes them more tender and effeminate than to be neasf
Women: They much delight in War, and are good Soldiers, they ex*
crcife their Arms at Twelve years of Age, and their Swords or ^cimi^
miters are of an excellent temper.

They have, the mofl happy Memories in the Worhd , a nimble
Fancy, and folid Judgment : They are of a courteous Behaviour and
civil Deportment, covetous of Honour and Reputation , impatient
in Affronts and Difparagements. But unhappy it is, that thefe ex^
cellent Qualifications fliould ftand taxed with as many notorious
vices. Their Language is very curious, wherein they have fevera!
words to exprefs one thing, fome in derifion, others in honour,
fome for the Prince, others for the People. Their Cuftoms and
Faihions are quite contrary to ours* They drink wawn, ^ rather

44^ ' 0/ y^p/iff*

hot Water •, alledging, that Cold caufes Coughs and difeafes in the
Stomach, but that hot Water prefcrveth the natural heat, opens the
PafTages, and quencheth the Drought fooner. To their Sick they mi-
riftervery fweet and fragrant Potions. They never let blood, which
they husband as the chariot of Life. They eftcem black Teeth, and
mount the right tide of a Horfe. And it is fcarce to be beheved with ■>
what a ftudicd oppofition they differ from us 5 but though they differ
in common Cuftoms and Opinions, yet in the folid work of Govern-
ment and Authority, they ad by the fame Rule and Policy, riling by .
degrees as we do, and ending in a fole Monarch, the Emperor, who
rules not by the Power of his Pvich.s, but by the number of Men, and
is honourably attended in times of Peace at his Royal Palace : And in
time of War is guarded with a ftrongand numerous Army.

The Jefuits^ Francifcans^ Jacobins^ and Attain Friers., had made a great
Progrefsfn the converfionof the Natives^in the year fifteen hundred
ninety fix ; for they were reckon'd to be above 600000 Chrirtians. But
lince the year fixteen hundred and fourteen, they have been all driven
out of the Tlland, and no perfon dares profefs Chriftianity but in pri.
vate. Spaniards, Portugals,and Priefts,are all expeird j only the Dutch
are permitted, in regard they ftridly forbid their People to fpeakof
Religion, and by relation as little to profefs it. There are feveral
Tones or Princes among them, whofe Power for the moft part iscon-
fin'd to a fingle City. And 'tis obfervM , that when one of thefe Tones,
or Governors, lofe their Principalities, their Subjeds lofe their Goods.
The Vayro had once the chief Command of the Japan Empire •, but
fincethe year 15 50, the D^^/ro hath only the chief command in Eccle-
fiafrical affairs, and is erteemed above the Emperor, who keeps all the
power in his own hand. In the center of the Imperial City M:'.^w,lknds
the glorious Palace of the Dayro, which out- fhines the Emperors Court,
the Temple oiBonzi, or the llately houfe of the chief Bo/ifmfen. There
is alfo the Imperial Garden focuricuily planted,that the Eye feems ne-
ver fatisfied with fo pleafant an objedt. This City is faid to contain
poooo houfes. At JDubo^ not far off, is the ftately TerrpJe of the
Idol Zaccha^ faid to contain ninety thoufand houles.

Jedo^ the fecond City in Japan^ is very large, and exceeding popu-
lous, the Streasare <5o J^«xlong, which is 150 paces \ at the end is
a gate that is locked and guarded every night ; it is famous for the
great houfes of the Nobility, the Emperors Banquetting- houfe, his
Magazine, his iS'fr^g/ia ox Chan dr any the Imperial Garden ; the Em-
prefles magnificent Palace, and the Temple of the Golden i^mida 5,
but in the year K5575 in two days time this City lay all in Afties, a-

bove

Of Japajj, 447

bove a hundred thoufand houfes barnt, and as many Inhabitants de-
firoyed, a great number of Palaces and Temples, and Forty eight

Millions of Gold. . ^ ^. . . „ -r r -n j -.u

Saccai is one of the ftateheft Cities in all Japan, fortified with an
invincible Caftle •, and there is fcarce any place \n Japan, that for pleaj
fantnefs furpaffeth Jonda. Mewany is a hand Cora City , crown'd
with many Spices : Akay is well fortified with a Caftle,and furrounded
with a Wall : Ofacca is a Stately and Imperial City,^ the mid ft of
which ftands the much celebrated Temple of the Idol Canon, or their
Neptum. And before the Earthquake fifteen hundred eighty hve.there
was the faireft and largeft Palace that ever Sun (hined upon : And a
large Caftje built by Taicofama. , , r r ca

Impe and Campania may not be compared to the plealantnels ot Sa-
}oj*, fo exceeding delightful, as the Dutch Ambaffador tells us, that
the whole Earth cannot (hew a finer fpot of Ground.

Ontpari is fituate on the hanging of a pleafant Hill, near which is
a fteep Rock, on which ftands an invincible Caftle, which is feen at a
great diftance.

^ano is the moft artificial built City in all Japan. Tiongo^ was
ruin'd in the War oi Kobanmga z\\^ the Emperor CaJJas. Mia is cu-
rioufly built and adorned with many Temples.

The ftately City Ocw/^c« is fortified with a ftrong Caftle; Jofin-
da is of a delightful Situation. Sarunga is a great but ruinous City,
Facioneis the place where is kept a ftrong Guard; formerly a famous
City, but fwallowed up, and (huffled into Ruins and Rubbifliby an
Earthquake, which are very frequent in Japan. Oudarro is a ftately
City, adorned with a fumptuous Palace, and lofty Spires.

The other chief Illands about Japan, are Bmgo, Cikokoy Sayk^k? or
Ximo, all one Ifland, but thus called by feveral Authors. 2. lonfa,
or Xicoco, or tokoefe and Chicco<^ 3 . Firando and Gotto, with innumer-.
able others.

Congoxuma is thefirft City where the Tortugmfes landed and got foot-
ing in Japan, and was their Staple : Nangefaqm is the chief Staple
and Relidence of the Dutch h\ Japan, firft built h^ ihtVortugues.
This Lodge, or Fortrefs, lies on the fmall llland Vifma, and is the
Magazine for all Indian Commodities, and the beft harbor for the
reception of Merchant Veffels, cf any Port in Japan.

At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trad eat Japan. ■

The extent of Jeffo, being Mountainous,and abounding with coftly
Furs, is yet unknown, only that 'tis a vaft, arid wild Country full of
Savage People, cloathed with Skins of wild Beafts, who can give no
account further than they dwell. Of

448

Of the ISLES in tk Indian Sea.

SUch is the Infinity ofthefeifles, that 'tis impoflfible to give a juft
account of them. I ftjall therefore only mention the moft coh-
fiderable; Andiii&oStheMMvu^

.vX":

ff pJluUunc

t,t> t.Cc

r?fe

is^

TTitiiiiiLi~~

^^^^^"'^ y^^///^ir/^'

^lullfi

ifiniitnifflizzzaiiiinnnn

Of the IJles in the Indian Sex, 44^

Of the Ipnds of the MALDIVES.

TH E Maldives Iflands, fcituate under the Eqttinodial Line, derive
their Name from the principal City called Mak.znd Vive-, which
figniHes an Ifland. They are reckoned to be about iiooo, but that
isfuppofed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain:
They are difpetfed from the Nlorth-Weft to the South-Eall, into 13
Provinces, which the Inhabitants call AttoHons, every one of which is
fenc'd with a Bank of Sand 5 butfomeof them are only Sand-hills,
or Rocks, being all of them very little > for Male, the chief, is but a
League about.

They are divided by Arms of the Sea, and environed with Rocks,
which renders the Accefs to them very difHcult : There are feme Ports
or Openings, one oppofite to" another , fo plac'd, that they give an
Entrance into the four AttoUons^ for the benefit of Trade, otherwife
the Currents would carry the VcfTds above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond.
The Currents run fix Months to the Eafl, and fix to the V. eft, forae-
times more, fometimes lefs : But the Sea being (hallow, the Winds
outrageous, and few Commodities to be had, thefe Illands are not fre-
quented by the Europeans. The King of Maldives is called Rafcan •,
his Kingdom is never governed by the Female Sex ; and for his Re*
venue it confifts in the misfortunes of others, that is to fay, Wrecks
at Sea. So that there is no trufting to the Maldives Pilots, who will
caft away a Ship on purpofe, that their King may have the Spoil. On
the other fide, the King himfelf ufes to carefs the Matters of Ships,
and to invite them to his Ifland, to the end, that dying of the Di*
ftemper of the Ifland, which carries off ftrangers in a (hort time, he
may be Heir to their Goods.

The Natives are little, Olive- coloured, 2r\d Mahumetans: They are
fubje(3:to violent Fevers and Sicknefs, by reafon of theexcellive heat.
They (have with cold Water, catch Fi(h fwimming, and will dive to
the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to caft their
Anchors. They will fetch up out of the Sea, with an incredible eali-
nefs, an 100000 weight, by the help of a Cable, and fomepeices of
their Candon Wood. Their Cocos are very profitable to them, for of thofe
they make Wine^ Honey ^ Sugar, Milk and Butter. They eat Almonds in-
ftead ofBread^ with all forts of Food. They put every Trade into a
particular Ifland ; and to preferve their Wares from Vermin, they
DUiia fheir Storehoufes upon Piles in the Sea, about an 100 paces from
the, M m m A

4^o " Of the l(les in the Indian Sea.

A Defcription of Z^EILO N^ alias C ETLON, the

Nangitris of Ptol,

THE Hohnder is now Mafter of all the Sea-Coaft ; the Inland
Country is under the King of Cac^/y, and is divided into feveral
Parts or Provinces, which lie upon Hills &uitfuUnd well watered, and
aie called in gener-al C(?«</e ^J^ Tbis^

Of the I(les in the IndUn Sea, 451

This Inland Country of Conde Vda is ftrongly fortified by Nature,
the Entrances being up vaft and high Mountains, and the Ways fo
very narrow, that but one man can go a-breaft ; and thefe Paths al-
fo are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns, and two or three men to
watch and examine all that come or go.

Candy ^ or Conde by the Europeans^ Hingodagul-Neure by the Inhabi-
tants, is the Chief, or Metropjlk^ of the whole Ifland, bravely fcituated
in the midft of it for all Conveniences , but of late much de-
cayed.

South of Candy, 12 Miles diilant, lies Nellemby-Nettr, where the
King kept his Court when he left Candy.

jilmt-Neur IS the place where the King was born, and his Magazine
for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by
the Portugals.

Vigligy-Neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court fince
the Rebellion Anno 1 66^, its Scituation Is very Rocky and Moun-
tainous, being a place for Safety and Security,

Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they fay po Kings
have reigned, diftant from Candy po Miles Northwards.

Ltaofova affords Salt in abundance, the Eafteriy Winds beating in
the Sea, and in the Wefterly Wind (which makes fair Weather) it
becomes Salt.

Kice is the chiefeft Flower of their Corn, which is of feveral forts 9
fome will be ripe in feven Months, others in fix, five, four, and three,
but all requires water to grow in. Their Seed-time is about July Sind
Augufi, their Harveft about February.

Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety, viz. the Betel Nut,
whofe Leaves are 5 or 5 Foot long , and have other lefler Leaves
growing out of the fides of them; fome of thefe IV«// will make
People drunk, and giddy-headed, and purge, if eaten green.

There are alfo Jack/, which are as big as a Peck- Loaf, the outfide
pricky like a Hedgehogs and of a greenifh colour 5 the Seeds or Kernels
do much refemble Chefnuts in colour and tafte.

Thcjombo is like an Apple full of Juice, and pleafant to the Palat j
'tis white, and delicately coloured with red, as if painted.

There are alfo Mnrro's, like Cherries, fweet to the tafte ; thngs,
Xiko. Blach^Cherries \ Amheloes^ Vi^ttoBarberries \ Carplla Cabella, Cahela
Taradigye, 1 ike ou r Pears. * ' ' '

Here are alfo Cok,er-Nuts, Planthes, and Banara's cf divers forts,
fweet and fowre Oranges, Limes, Partaurings, in taf^e like our Lew-
monsy but much bigger ; Mangoes of feveral forts. Pine- Apples, Su-

M m m 2 gar*

452 Of the JJlands in the Indian Sea,

gar-Canes^ Wafer- Melons ^ Pomgranatei, Gratis black and white j Mi'
rabUnSy Codkvps^ and feveral other.

There is alfo the TaVipot-Tree, which bears no kind of Fruit until
the lart year of its life, and then it comes out full of yellow Blof".
foms which fmell very ftrong, which come to a Fruit round and hardj
as big as our Cherries^ but not good to eat j but the Leaf of this Tree
is fo broad and large, that it will cover 1 5- or 20 men, and keep them
dry when it rains; and the Pitch within the Tree is good to eat, and
taftes much like to white Bread.

There is alfo the Kettale-lree., which yields a delicious Juice, rare-
ly fwcet and pleafant to the Palat, which they take from the Tree
two or three times a day, which Liquor they.boil, and make a kind of
Sugar.

The Cinnamon-Tree grows wild in the Woods as other Trees, and
by them no more efteemed, being as plenty as Hazel in England,
The Cinnamon is the Bark" or Rind, vs4iich when on the Tree looks
whiti(b, when they pull it off they fcrape it, and dry it in the Sun.
The Wood hath no fmcll, 'tis of a white colour, and foft like Fir.
The Leaf much relembles Laurel both in colour and thicknefs. The
young Leaves look red like Scarlet; if bruifed, they will fmell more
like Cloves than Cinnamon, It bears a Fruit which is ripe in Septetn-
berj much like an ^com, but fmaller , it neither taftes nor fraells like
as the Bar\^ but being boiled in Water, it will yield an Oil, which
■when cold, is hard as Tallopp-, and white, and of an excellent fmell;
and 'tis ufed for Ointment for Aches and Pains, and to burn .in.
Lamps. .'

There is alfo the Ovula, the Fruit whereof they make ufe of for
Phyfick in Purges i and being beat in peices in a Mortar , and
foak'd in Water, it will dye a very good Black ; and ruliy Iron lying
one Night in the Water will become bright, and the Water blatk like
Ink.

The Betel-Tree^ whofe Leaf is fo much loved and eaten, grows like
Ivy^ twining about Trees or Poles, which they ftick into the ground
for it to run up by i and as the Betel grows , the Poles grow
alfo.

Of KootS) they have .^/tfw, or Inyames oi divers forts > fome they
plant, and others grow wild in the Woods. Thefe ferve for Food,
and for Sauce, or a Relifli to their Rice ; fome of them in a year or
two will grow as big as a man's Wafte, others as bjg.as a man's
Arm*

They

of tht Iflxniii in the InUxn Sea, 4^3

They have Herbs of feveral forts, fome in Six Months growing t^
maturity, the Stalk as high as a man can reach*, and beingboilcd, al-
moft as good zs j^fparagM. They hdive Colervorts, CjrrctSt Rad'Jhef, Fen-
nel, Balfam, Spearmint^ Muflard. Thereisalfo Fern, Indiancorfh, fevc-
'^'o-l^al forts of Be^w/, Cucumbers^ Calabajfa's znd Pumkinf' And the P«fc6
have Leitice^ Kofemaryj Sageznd other European Htrbsand Plants which
grow well there.

The ^^(7(7^/ are their /^/>oJi?7ecii)7ex Shops, wherewith Herbs, Leaves,
and the Rinds of Trees, they make all their Phylick and Plaifters, with
which they will make notable Cures.

Of Flowers they have great variety, growing wild, as Rofes red
and white, and feveral other forts of Tweet fmelling Flowers, one cal-
led the Sendrie-mal^ of a Murry colour, and white, which opens at 4. of
. ,jthe Clock in the Evening, and ihuts at 4 in the Morning, which ferves
^them fometimes inftead of a Clock.

The Vichamanls are a white Flower like our Jafmine, well fcented 5
the King hath a parcel of them every Morning brought to him, wrapt
in a, white Cloth i but the Hon-mauh are the chief Flowers the young
people ufe, and are of greateft value among them.

They have Cow/, BHJfalows^ Hogs, Goats^ 7)fer, in great abundance, >
Hares^ Vogs^ Jacob ^ Apes^ T^yg^f^t Bears, Elephants.

There are Ants of divers forts,, fome worthy our remark, t^/z. the
Cora-atch, which is a great and black Ant, living in the Ground, ,
making great hollow holes in the Earth, and have no Sting.

The Facos are the moll numerous, whofe hinder part is white, and
the head red; they eat and devour all they come at, except Iron and-
Stone i they creep up the Walls of Houfes, and build an Arch of Dirt
over themfelves all the way as they climb, be it never fo high 5 and
in places where there are no Houfes, they will raife great Hills, orH^w- -
hojfes, fome five or fix Foot high, fo hard and flrong, as not eaiily
digged down with Pickaxes, within full of hollow Vaults and Arches
where they dwell. Their Nefts are much like Honey-combs, full of
Eggs and young ones : As they encreafe in mulcitude,fo they alfo diem
multitude j for when they come to maturity they have wings a"^ i'^
the Evening, after Sun-fet, they iflue forth in vart numbers, that they
almoft darken the sky, flying to fuch a height, at they go out of fightv .
and fo keep flying till they fall down deadupon the Earth.

(^:

4^4

Of the I/les h the Indian Sea,
Of the Ifles of Sonde,

Ur., ;S

The 1/ies of Sonde.

^ HE Streight of Sonde gives its Name to the Ifles of Sumatra,

JfT.JT V n» r^t '^'' ^i' "°' ^^' ^'"""^ '^' If « the ordinary
paOage for Veflfels that are bound fora^^, and the more Ealtern

'Seas >

of the Ifles in the Indian Sea. 4 ^5

Seas 5 the Air of thefe three Iflands is very unwholfome, r.or do they
afford thofe Proviiions which the Continent doth. The Inhabitants of
the Vplands are Pagans-, of the Sea-Coafts, Mahumetans. They have fe-
veral Kings potent as well by Sea as by Land. They afford rich Com-
modities, efpecially Spices, which the Portugals, the Hollanders^ and
the moft part of the other Nations of the world fetch from thence.

Swnatrah the moft famous Ifland in all the Eaj}, for largeiiefs and
lichnefs, for it is 300 French Leagues long, and 70 broad, having fe-
veral Mines of Gold : It lies 10 Leagues from the Continent, and the
Ancients believ'd it to be a Peninfula, by reafon of the feveral little
Iflands thatfeemto join it to the Land. Six Kings command itj the
King of Achem, beft known to us j of Camper, Iambi, Mcnancabo and
Falimban, They have Co well defended their Ifland, that the Europeans
could never get footing on it. There is a Mountain that carts forth
Flames like Mount Gibel. The Pepper of this Ifland is better than that
of Malabar, becaufe the Land is more moift. They find Gold in Grains,.,
and in little pieces after the great Floods of Water. The Inland part
is inhabited by Barbarians, that will eat the Raw-fle(h of their Enemies
with Pepper and Salt. The City oi Achem is the beft in the Ifland, it;
has been better than it is 5 it lies half a League from the Sea upon a
Plain, by the fide of a River, as large as the Seine in France, but very
(hallow. There isalfo a Fortrefs upon the Bank of the River.

Java, governed by feveral Petty Kings, every City having one: A-
mong the reft, the Kings of Japara, luhan, Jottan^ Panarvany Pana-
mean, and Palambuam. Many are Pagans, fome are Mahumetansy and .
the moft part acknowledge the great Materan, or the Emperor of Mate-
ran, who formerly claimed the Sovereignty over the whole Ifland. Up-
on the Coaft grow Oyjiers that weigh, 3 OQ pound. The Ifle produ-
ces fuch large Canes, that one alone fuffices to make a Boat. It affords
excellent Lignum Aloes, Salt from Jottan, and Gold ^nd Pe/>/?fr in abun-
dance. The Southern Coaft is laft known. It is one of the largeft;
Iflands in Afia ; and for its Plenty may be called, 'The Epitom of the World,
The City oi Bantam lies at the foot of a Hill, environed by 2 Rivulets 5
and divided by another. The Port is large, and the mofi frequented
of all the Iflands of Sonde •, for it affords all kind oi Spices, Stones^ and
other Commodities of the Eaji-Indies. The Spaniards call Bantam the
Geneva of the Eafi. Jacatra, or Batavia, is the Refldence of the Con-
fulfor the Ho//^«^ Company, ever lince the year i6ip. It is defended^
by a good Cittadel,with four regulated Baftions; it lies in a Bay, which
being fecui'd toward the Sea by fome Iflands, makes the beft Road in
all the Indies. Jortam^ next to that, is one. of the beft Ports, and moft
frequented.. 'Bornscy^

4 5^ Of the IJljinds m the hdimSea,

Borneo, the very btggeft Ifland of all Afia^ abounds in Mirohalam
and Camphire : it has feveral good Ports, but few good Cities. Some
faythat this was thej^r^i ofMiri^Po// of Fe«i«,and that theLefTerJ^zr/^ was
that already nientioned. The City is built upon Piles in the Sea, at
the mouth of a Jfair River, having a large and commodious Harbor.
The Natives have a peculiar King of their own, as likewife has Bender-
Ma fin. Sambos, is the Capital City of the Kingdom, affording Dia-
nionds.

Of the PHILIPPINE IJlafids,

the

Of the Ijles m the Indian Seal 457

The PHILIPPINE JJlands.

PHilip the Second gave his own Name to thefe Iflands, which are
about Forty or Fifty great ones ; for Qiould we reckon up little,
ones they would make, by relation, fome Thoufands, the mo{\ part of
them very fertile, and the Inhabitants pay their Tribute in Soldiers.
The Council of Spain often times propofed the quitting of thofe
Iflands, becaufeof theExpencesof theGarifons: But becaule they lie
convenient for the Trade between Chka and the Molucca Iflands, the
King was refolved to keep them. The Iflanders are valiant, and pre-
ferve their Liberty in feveral places. . -^ ; ^-^

Lmon, otherwife New-CaiUU, is the biggeft of all the Philippme
Iflands. The City Manilla, which lends its Name to the whole Body of
thefe Iflands, is the Seat of the Viceroy, and an Archbiftiop: It is but
fmall, but neat and well fortified, and fafe from Mining, two thirds
of the Town lying upon a River navigable for Barks, and the third
part lying upon the Sea. Befides Spaniards and Indians y there are fe-
veral Chinefes that refort thither, as to the Magazine of the richeft
Commodities in the World. Cavite, two Leagues from the City, is
the principal Haven, fecured from the winds, and fortified^ with two
wooden Forts. The Bay is 40 Leagues in corapals, where there is a
Convenience to build great Gallions, however the NoTthyi'mdiS blow
hard upon it ; the Bottom is bad, and Entrance difficult.

Nero Segovia^ or Cagajon is in the moft Northern parts of the Ifle

Luc on.

T'andaya , or Philippina^ is South-Eajl from the Southermoft part of
Lucon., and the Straight between them is called the Straight of Manilia^
erteemed the beft and moft pleafant of all the Iflands, whofe chief place
is Achan.

The Ifland Mindanao has becnin the Spaniards hands but a lit-
tle while.

St. Jaan^ or John-^Wts North-Eaji of Mndanao. Thzt of Paragoya, or
Calamianes of Boterus., the Puloam of Maginns^ who difcovered thefe
Iflands in 1520, and fome others, obey their own King?._ Cehu and
Matan are known the fir ft by the difcovery of Magellan ^tho. other by
the death. of Mig£//4«.

The Spaniards that ars bound to the Philippines never fail through
our Hemifphere; and therefore they would have thefe Iflands, as well
as the Molmca^Sf to be the Bounds of the JVeji-lndics^ which they, for

N n n that

4^8 Of the Iftes in the Indian Sea,

that reafon would have to reach as far as the Molucca's. Other Iflands
aye Mindora^ which gives Name to z Straight fo called, Mafbat^ Negoas^
Panay^ Kapil or Bohol, Ahuya or Kebt^an.

From the Vhilippim Iflands Eaftward, there lies feveral other Ifles,
called in Spanijh by the general Name, Iflas de lof Felof, by the Vntch
IJIes de Ladrottes^ or Larrons^ of which I find nothing memorable, ex-
cept their Names in fome Maps i And that the Inhabitants are poor,
naked, and great Thieves.

Of the MOLVCCA IJlands,

The

Of the Ifles in the Indim Sea-, 45'9

The MOLVCCA Jflands.

THcre are five of thefe Iflands that carry the particular Name of
Molucca's : Thefe five Iflands are very fmall, feared much about
the EquinoGicat Line^ io an unwholfome Air for Strangers. They are
under feveral Kings: The Hollanders have alfo fome FortrefTes there.
They afford Nutmegs, Ging<;r, and Cloves •, Temate^ the biggeft of
the five little ones, is eight Leagues about, with a Mountain thatcafts
out Fire. It hath befides, feveral Villages uninhabited in times of war,
three Cities, or rather Forts, w'z. Gammalamme, Mayloye, now called
Ofange^^ Tacmy^ by the V^ttch IFilliam-Stad •. The reft are 7idor^ very con-
iiderable; Motir-, Machosriy Bachian,

The Mduccas are good Soldiers, and for the moft part Mahume'
tanj. Betides the Kings of Ter««te, Tidor and Bachian^ there are feve-
ral others in the Celebes Ifland , and Giloh, The King of Macajfar in the
Celebes, particularly has a while fince extraordinarily fortified his own
City, Ke has always given Strangers tree entrance into his Ports. In
idd-j. he treated with the Hjllanders, and quitted the Portugals. But in
\66%. the Hollanders obliged him to trade with no other Nation but
them : And there was a Report that the Dutch have fince feized upon,
and fallen Macaffar,

The Air of this Country is good, but the Heats are infupportable in
the Day- time. Formerly the Natives of Macajfar ate Human-flelh, for
which Rcafon the Neighbouring Pi inces fent them all their Criminals.

Celebes is fertile in Rice, and the Land of Parous yidds Gold y Am-
bergreece, and Birds of Paradife.

B^nda is an Ifland towards the South of the MoIucca^s, with five or
fix other iflands about it, to which it gives its Name. It is the only
Ifland in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace : There is in it
a burning Mountain, and m the year 1615. all the great Guns in the
Ifland were fpoil'd.

About four years before the barbarous Proceedings of the Dutch at
Amhoyna^ they {hot Captain Courtupt in his Boat, going from his Houfe
and Factory in PoUeroon, to one of the adjacent Clove Iflands, called Lan-
tore; on which Ifland, not long after, fome Englifh fuffer'd fuch unpa-
ralleVd and barbarous Cruelty by the Dutch^ as a created Nature was •
capable of enduring.

In the Year 1617. the Inhabitants oiBanda Iflands befought CapX.
Baly then Prefident at Bantam^ to receive their Iflands into his Juril-
dii^ion, to defend them from the Tyrannies of the P/<ic/;>, whomur-

N n 11 2 dered

4^o Of the IJles in the Indian Sea*

dered them at their pleafure, and abufed their Wives, whilft them-
felves were enforcd to look on 5 protefting alfo, that they never gave
the leaft confent to them to polTefs their Ifland, which was accepted of
by the Englifh \ but in the year 1 622. they were forced by the Vatch
to abandon the Banda Illands ; and it is credibly reported, that after
theEngliJh had left thofe Illands, the numerous (hoals of Mack^rel^
which was the chiefeft fupport to the Inhabitants, and which came
conihntly in their Seafon, forfook thofe Iflands alfo.

Amhoyna, to wards the South of ( he Moluccas^ gives it Name to fome
other Ifles. It is an Ifland abounding in Cloves ; for the buying and
gathering whereof, the Englifh had live FaViorks^ the chiefeft whereof
was at Amhoyna^ the other at HittOy at Larica, at CamhiJIo^ and Loho,
who begun to be rich j when on the i uh of February^ 1622, began the
barbarous proceedings of the P«/c^againft the Englifh^ where the two
Elements of Fire and Water, akho mercilefs of themfelves, by mak-
ing their Fury more deliberate, were here inftrudted to be more un-
merciful, whilft accurate Cruelty did torment even Invention it felf to
torment the innocent. The Dutch have now feveral Forts there. 'Tis
their beft Colony next to that of Butavia, and they have forced the In-
habitants of the Ifland to trade with no other.

And here let me remark, how ftrange and admirable indeed it is,
That a fmall number of Merchants, affembled at firft upon the fingle
fcore of Trade, (hould, in a few years, prefumeto make war in Coun-
tries fo far diftant, and to aflail fo many potent Kings and Princes 5
to plant fo many Colonies, befiege fo many Cities and Forts, expelling
the Portugals in many places, furprifingthe Englijh^ encroaching upon
all. And laftly, fetting forth fo many Navies at fuch prodigious Char-
ges and Expences, of about 12 Millions a year, that the moft potent
Sovereigns of theUniverfe cannot equalize.

the End of A SI A,

4<?i

Of AFRICA.

-^a-i

FRICA^ by the Ancients, was called Ol^piayUifpriayOmm^
^ — Cory^ho^ Jmmonk, Ortygia^ and Ethiopia. By the Greeks and'
liommi l^ybia and 4frkq^ ^ ihaBHo^im and Moors, ^IkMan. By

4^2 of Africa,

the j4rahians Jfrichea^ or Ifriqttis; by the Indians Sezecathi by the Tut^
Magribon ; but the moft noted Appellation is Afria^ either from
Apher^ an Hebrew word fignifying dnji j or from Epher or Aphar^ one of
the Nephews of Abraham \ by the Greek Fablers, from Afer^ a Com-
panion of Hercules '^ by \.\\Q Arabians^ ir cm FarHch^ to divide or fepa-
rate, or from the ancient name of C^rf/;<i_ge, called Africa: By Bochar-
tus from Feruc, a Cor« Countrey

Scituate it is, for the moft part, under the Torrid Zowe, the Equa-
tor crcffing it in the very middle, and therefore by the Ancients iup-
pofed uninhabitable, and parched with the Sun*s exceffive heat: But
what they knew not, and thought almoft impollible to beknown_, is
now common ^ for the fecrets of her deep and remoteft Shores are
now beaten up and tradted with continual Voyages, firft by the For-
tugalsy and after by the Engli(h and Vutch. So that now four famous
^e<7j are known to be the bounds of Africa; on the North the Medi-
terranean^ on the Eaft the Red Sea-, or Arabian Gulf on the South the
Ethiopian, and on the Weft the Atlantic^ Ocean ; fo that *tis divided
from all the World by Sea, except Afta, whereunto it is joyned by a
narrow Ijlhmus. The whole being formed like a huge Pyramid or
Triangle, whofe largeft extent from North to South, and from Eaft
to Weft,is differently fet down by moft Geographersj though contrary
to others, I ftiall ftate it thus : The length from Gape Verde to Cape
Guardifuy is 72 degrees of Longitude, which is 5256 miles j Sanfon
makes it 80 degrees, which is 5840 miles, 584 miles too much: And
its breadth from Cape Bon to the Cape oiGood Hope-, is 72 degrees
Latitude, which makes 5-1 10 miles, at 73 to a degree.

Africa in General ftauds divided into thefe Regions or Parts.

Barbary.

Mgypt.

Fez..
Morocco,
ytremifen,
' Algier.
\'Twiif,
Tripoli.
Barca,

'Vpper.

^Middle,

.Longer*

Billedulgerid.

Met.
j Vara.
[ Segelomeffe.
\ T^go^arin.
]Zeb.

I Billedulgerid.
yjThe Dejert of Barca,

Defert

Of Afrkin

Defert of
Sarra.

Negroland.

r Zdnhaga.
\ Zuenziga.
j Targa or Hnr*
T Lepta.

IBerdoa.
Gaoga.
(. Borno.

Guinea.
j Benin.

Tembotu.
\Biafara.

ip Kingdoms in all.

Mthiopis
Superior*

/JEthiopiaj or
\Ahy/l7ne,
J Nubia.

SCoaft of AdeL
/Zanguebar.
Coaft of j4man»

Mih

( Congo,
^ibtopia JM^momoiapa.
Inferior, ^c,/,e/.

The Iflands.i

^The Canarief,
.Cape Verde.
I Madagafchar.
jMjJtbar^ with
many other
ifmaller lilands.

The greateft Rivers in Afrka.zrcNiluf^ 3tnd Niger. The KivetNilus
is famous for its Greatnefs and Foecundity i it hath anciently had fe-
feveral Names i the Htbretvs called ic Nahar Nachal^ the Inhabitants
Nuchal ; by the Jcn>s it was called Shichor^ or Sihor^ by the Greekf^
Mdas-^ Homcr^ J)iodoms^ Kenophon^ &c, gave it the common Appella-
tion of the Country, viz,- Egyptm. Plutarch calls it Ofyris and Syrii 5.
Appolloniuf T^riton^ Pliny Ajiraton^ Viodorus /iquila^ Cedrenui Chryforrhoe \
'Dymifvfs Syene : The Aby^nes fiyle it Ahanha j the Negroes^ or Moors, Tak^
kiii i the Inhabitants of Goyame^ by Report oiSanatim, call it Gihon ; and
the Lybians and Africans^ Nilus. It runs many Leagues, pafles through
feveral Lakes, divers Iflands, and waters the m.ort lovely Vallies in the
WorTd. The heads thereof, now well known, are in Mthiopia.

Kirchir , from a Manufcript of one Peter Pais^ ("who in company
of the /^^j^fle Emperor, in the year 1618, M^rc^ 21. moll accurately
fearched for itj, tells us, that it rifes \[\ the Country of Sabala, be-
ing part of the Province of Agaos^ bordering on Goyam, whofe Source
or Spring- head firft appears in two Founts, feeming per fedly round }
The Diameter of each about 18 Inches, but in depth unfathomable j
oh tlie top of a Morafs.^ or Bf^gy plain^ (which jhuking Plainly faith
Kircher^ was once a large open Pool}, which, by length of time, con-
tracted

4^4 ^f ^f^i<^^»

traded a Film, or Cruft of Earth, made more fubftantial and firm
by the growing and fpreading of Grafs and other Duft and Slime.
Concerning this, fee more in the Defcription o£ Mthiopia > The Cata-
ra&s or Falls, upon the confines of Mthiopb and Mgypt h And the
Mouths that oft throw themfelves in the Sea below Mgypt , where
the Ancients have madefeven, fome nine, and the Moderns four. But
now there are but two, when there is no inundation, Damiata and
Rofetta.

Whatfoever was; oris, theNumber oftheO/f/mej-of M/e, ancient
and modern Authors, as well as Maps, differ among themfelvesj for
Tomponlus, Strabo^ Diodomi^ and Herodotiu make feven ; others, with
Ptolomy, nine, viz. the Heracleafiy called alfo the Catiopean and Nanera-
tian ; the Bolbitim ; Sebennitian , Pathtnetian, by Strabo ; Fatniany by
Herodotus in his Euterpe Bucolian ; the Mendefian , the Tanitian and the
Telufian. The other two were the Dialcos and the Vinaptimi , to
which fome add two more. WiUiam of Tyre, who had exactly fearch'd
the Number of them upon the place, affures us, there were no more
but four. To reconcile thefe Differences, give me leave to note, that
when this River overflows the Country, it then difchargeth it felf into
other Channels, which remain dry all the reft of the year, and then
it is reftrained to thofe four which were then the natural branches,
now faid to be but two when there is no Inundation, viz,. Damiata
and Kofetta, by which its Waters flow regularly into the Sea. The
Water has a fcecundating virtue, and peculiar quality to fatten the
Land ; fo that by its yearly inundation, which begins about the mid-
dle of June, and ends the beginning of September, JEgypt is made
exceeding fruitful ; for it not only produceth a Harveft plentiful,
even to Admiration, but caufeth an infinite encreafe in all forts of
Cattel that water there, and breeds a prolifick faculty in Men and
Women, even to Admiration, as makes Wonder fland amazed to
fee Nature turn prodigal. This made the Gymnofophijh of JEgypt
to make it one of their chief Nnmens, which they worlhipped under the
name of the Goddefs l(is. This alfo was the caufe of thofe noble Epithets
beftowed on it, viz. Ihe Gift of Jupiter, The Tears of the Gods, The Veins
ofParadife, The Seed of the Gods,8cc. The Mwrs and Negroes often call it,
The FoHfitain of Heavenly JVater', and the Arabian Poets ftyle it, The Life of
the Earth. Mr. Sands tell us, that in the year idio, at CairOi it ufu-
ally did rife 23 Cubits; it rifes generally lixteen Cubits. It is percei-
ved by the retiring of the CitteU by the marks which are in their
wells 5 and by the weight of the flime of the Pviver, which the peo-
ple lay out at their wmdows to receive the Dew which falls, and

Prog-

Of Afrkdl jsfi^

Pfognofticatesthe increafe. The caufe of this overflowing of Nik is
varioufly conjedturMj feme fay, that the Tempefts of the Sea fwell the
River ; others affirm, that the Sand which gathers at the mouth, flops
the Stream, and that the Northern Winds drive it back again. Many
Moderns believe, that it is fwelfd and increased by the melting of the
Snow, and the R.ains that fall in great abundance, and at certain fea-
fons in JEthiopia. j and in regard that in JEgypt it is Winter, v»hen Sum-
mer in Mthiop'u^ they fay, that the Nile encreafes when other Rivers
decreafe. Of late it hath been alTerted, that the Nitrsy which abounds
in this River, is the true natural reafon of all thefe marvellous elied^s j
which, being melted by the heat of the Sun, mixes with the Water,
troubles it, ferments it, andfwellsit, and makes it exceed its bounds;
fothat the Mud, which the Wi/e carries along with it, neither comes
very far, nor raifes the banks any higher. The Nigzr retains the
Name, which it received from thofe people whofe Country it runs
through; fometimes it runs underground, and, before it falls into the
Atlantici^Octzn^ divides it felf into three principal Members, Senega^
Gambiay and Rio Grande. Enfertiles all the Countries through which
it paffes ; and in the Sand are found good ftore of Grains of Gold.
The Water having the fame virtue as Nile, has made fome believe,
that thefe two Waters fome where meet together. The Zaire is con-
fiderable for its Sweetnefs, and for its plenty of Water. The Zam-
^er^ divides it felf into three Currents, Cuama^ Spirito SanClo, andKw
I>e hi Infantes. The Ghir lofes it felf often in the Sand, and as many
times retrieves it felf again.

The greateit Lakes areZ^i/r, Z<?m^ere, and Zafian^zW three in JEthio'
pia. The Mountains of raoft' Remark are the Great and Lejfer AtlaSy the
Chriftal Mountains, Mountains of the Sun, Saltpetre Hill , Sierra Liona,
Amara^ Mount Table ^ and Ifle Picas Fragofos, Montes Lun£, &c.

The Great Atlas ( by the Natives AydvacaU tejh Marmot ; by Aug.
Curio ^ Anchifai ; by Oleariiis^ Majufte ) runs through Africa, as T'au-
rus through Jjla, beginning in Marmarica^ about 20 miles from Alex-
andria, exteridiu^ Weftward (with many Gaps and Breaks) to the
Atlantic}^ Ocean, dividing Barbary from Bellidulgerid. No Mountains
in Africa ^re more celebrated for its wondrous height, that feem to
rsach to the Skie. The Poets feign'd, that Atlas fuftained Heaven
upjn his Shoulders, by reafon of itsexceilive height; Or elfe^becaufe
that AtLis, King of Mauritania^ was the fitft that ftudied the motion
of the Heavens.

The Lejfer Atlof Coafts with the Midland Sea^ extending from Gi-
hf alter to Bona^ by the Spaniards^ Monies Claros.

Goo Thefe

466 of Africa.

The Chrijial Mountains are in Cons^o^ near which is that of the Sun v
Eaftwards appears Saltpetre HiD. On the bordcis of Cuinea appears
Sierra Leona : Amara is the molt noted of Mthiopia, I'ahh Mount ap-
pears near the Cape Good Hope j not far off are thofe called Ofpicos
Fragofos. And thofe of the Monn lie between the two Rthiopin^s^ and
are the higheft in 4fric.«, and called by the Inhabitants B^//^. The
Ancients tookthefe Mountains to be the limits of the World.

The lilhmus of 5^2/, which keeps Africa from beingapeifedt Ifland,
is about nine Leagues in breadth between the Red Sea, and the Channel
of Nile 5 for from one Sea to the other is above thirty tive Leagues.
Stories relate, that one of the Ttolomies^ Queen Cleopatra, fome ot the
Soldansj and others that have been Makers of Mgypt^ have afl^iy'd in
vain to dig through \.\\dX Ijihmuf y and that they gave over the enter-
prife, as well by reafcn of the prodigioufneisof the 1 oyle, as for
fear of being greatly endanger'd by the Red Sea, which was found to
be higher than the Mediterranean Sea, and which with its bitiernefs
would have tainted the River A^g, the only drink of the Mgyptiani:
And indeed all Authors agree, that the Waters of the Nile are fweet,
healthful and nouriQiing. Ptolomeys defign was to perform a work of
Fame, by making //ric^ an Ifland. Cleopatra's intention was to carry
her Ships into the Red Sea without any danger of falling into Augufim's
hands. The contrivance of the Soldans was to carry the Trade of the
Europeans into the Eafi Indies^ through their Territories, in hopes of
fbme great Tribute. But none of them were able to attain their Ends.
Jfrica is the barrenneft and worft peopled part of our Continent.
Her great Rivers are full of Crocodiles. Her Mountains and Deferts
fill'd with Lions and other wild and cruel Beafts •, the fcarcity of Wa-
ter producing many Monrters, while Creatures of feveralfpecies couple
and engender at the watring-places, where they often meet. There is
no Creature in the World that grows fo big, from fo fmall a beginning,
as the Crocodile, for it is hatch'd in an Eyg, and grows every day as
long as it lives, which is faid to be an hundred years. The Elephants are
very ferviceable to the Africans j as alfo are their Camels and great
Baboons. Dromedaries are afurtof Camels, lefsand fwifter than the
othersThey have alfo wild. A lies Unicorns,Barbary Horfes^Cameleons,
little Monkeys and Parrots. Their Oilriches attord them Hne Fea-
thers, and their Civet Cats are clleemed for the excellency of their
Scents.

Amongfl: a great number of diifcrent Tongues that are in Africa, the
moil general are the BtwW, or yfican^ which comes from (he Anci-
ent fmick^^ndi thQ Arabic}^; thefe two extend through all Bjrhary-y

Billcdnlgeridy

0/ Africa. 46 J

BihMgmd, Meypt and Sarra, the Mthiopian In the greateft part of
Ethiopia, The Language of the Negra\ which is different, and hath
divers Idioms.

Their Religions in Africa zit for the moft part Idolatrous, asPaga-
nifm, and Mahometanifmj though there are alfo mixed amopgft them
vaft numbers of Jews, and Chriftiansof feveral ibrts.

At this day Africa is poflllTed by five forts of Religions, viz.Chri-
(Hans, Jews, Cajfirs, Idolaters^ and Mahumttans. The Chilians are
partly Strangers, and partly Natives, whereof feme are Slaves to the
lurk^ and Barbarians^ others are free people. Of the Jetvs fome are
Natives, others are ftrangers j divided they are into leveral Tribes,
Wealthy and Numerous, but defpifed and abominated by the Turks
and Moors.

The Caffers, or Libertines, hold many Atheiltical Tenents, live toge-
ther without Ceremonies, like our Familifts or Adamites, inhabiting
from Mrjfambique, all along the Coaft, beyond the Cape of Good Hope,

The Idolaters are numerous, in Negroland, in both the JEthiofid's,
and towards the Great Ocean.

The Mahumetans poffefs the greateft part of Africa.

^gypt, and moft of the Coaft, or the Red Sea, and almoft all Bar-
bary, belongs to the T«rJ^, excepting the Kingdoms oi Morocco and Fez,
fwhich are govern'd by Kings of their own; the Cities of the Pi-
rates, and fome others upon the Coafts that belong to the Chriftians.
Ethiopia, Nubia, Congo and Monotnotopay have their particular Kings.
There are alfo Arabian Cheiqms in BiUedulgerid and Sarra. The Coun-
try of the Blacky is under feveral Petty Sovereigns, whofe Jurifdidion
is bounded (bmetimes within the limits of a Town. The Kings of
England, and Portugal, and the Hollanders, \\^\e feveral Ports upon the
Sea-coft, for the better accommodation of their Trade into the In-
land Country. The French alfo poffefs fome places of Trade in Bar-
bary, Guinea, and in the Ifland o( Mad agaf char, which they call the VoU
phins Ifland, The grand Mafter of the Order of St. John of Jerufa-
km is Lord of the Ifland of Maltha,

Ooo 2 Of

4^8

BY- the Name of Barhary was th^part of j4frica known to the
' Ancients which we call Zanguehaf, whereas the modern Barbary
lies all along upon the Medmrraneati Se»y being the beft, and beft

peopled

of Barbary. 45^

peopled Country of all Africa^ by reafon of the convenience of Trade.
The Komans^ \htSaraz?ns^ thzVandalsyt\\Q Arabians ^ the Mbor/, the
7urks-> have been fucceffively Lords thereof, and have called the Cities
by different Names 5 but, at this day, a great part of it is under the
lurk^ The Emperor of Fez and Morocco ruks the North- PFeji part.
The Spaniards, Vortugals^ Engltjh and Dutch, poffefs feveral places up-
on the Coaft. Sufaon^ Coniiantine, Couco, Lahes, are little Kingdoms
that lie in the Mountains. Saly, Tituan, Algier, Ttmk, and Triply, be-
long to the Firan ; the three laft under the Protection of the Grand
Signior^ v^ho fends a Bajha to each, tho they have but vdiy little Au-
thority. The French hold the place called "the Baftion of France, and the
Genoefes the Ifland T'abarqtte.

Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereheres, oftner called Moors
There are alfo fome Arabians who fetlcd themfelves there in the Year
ppp. They live in the open Fields in Jdouares, or Commonalties com-
pos'd of feveral Families, which they call Baraqnes, where they have-
an 100 or 200 Tents fet up in a Round.

The Inhabitants are generally of a duskifh, or rather blackifh Com-
plexion, naturally ingenious, and given to Arts and Literature, ftudi-
ous in their Law 5 very diftruftful, inconftant, crafty, malicious when
angred ; very adlve, good Horfemen, of aftatelyGate, coftlyintheir
Appareli and jealous of their Wives, who are of a comely Body, well
featured, of delicate foft Skins, and in their Drefs exceeding fump>
tuous.

The Language fpoken, at prefent, in moft of the Maritime Towns
is the Arabic!^, but in Fez and Morocco the Pmickj or old African^ the
ancient Language of the Country.

'Tis fituate between 30 and 35 Degrees of Northern Latitude, the
longeft Summers day about 1 3 hours one quarter, increafed to 14 and
one quarter in the moft Northern parts ^ it is extended, in length, from
the Atlanttc\Oct^\\ to F.gyp 5 in breadth, from the Mediterranean Sea
to the Atlas Mountains.

Barbary comprehends feveral Kingdoms that contain Cities of the
fame Name, Morocccoy Fez^ tdenfen^ or Tremifen^ Algier^ Tunis, Tri-
poly, 2Lnd Barca.

47»

Of the Kingdom of F E Z.

THIS Country lies between the Udiurranean Sea and Morocco^
on the North and South, and between the Ocean AtUntich^^ and
the Arzkrm Territories of the Weft and Eaft, and contains the an-
^ cient

Of the Kjfig^om of Fez, /j^y i

cient Mauritania, Tingitania. 'Tis now divided into feven Parts or
Provinces, wg;. Tenjefne, FiZ^ Jzgar^ Habat, Errife, Gar ret ^ 2nd Cbauf.

The chief Places of the Province of 7(Kitf>!e zxe, i. Kabat^ Opinum
dim Epifcopalis Tiagitan£^ built af(er the Model of Morocco^ with its A-
quadudt 12 Miles long, by King Manfor.

ylnf^znd Anafe on the Coall:, feated in a delightful plain, was once
one of the moft famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the Englfh
and Vortugals, and for its Pviches^ but being addidled to Piracy, was
the caufe of its Ruine, and of that of Almanfor.

Muchatia on the Gu,r is now famous only for the Tomb of one of
their Morabttts or Satntj.

Adindum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it.

7egaget for its ftore of Grains.

The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suha, Sahur , te^e
Marm. & Caii, and Baragrag, the Sain of Plin. Ptol. &c. The Ornament
of this Province, nay, of all Barbary is Ftsi, which the Mahometans call,
The Court of the Wejiy about a Degree from the Ocean, and as much
from the Mediterranean Sea, Volubilis Tmgitana^ Ttol. Volubile, VUn. tejie
Marmol, OvoKaCiK^ii, Seldeni, the faireft and beft City of all Barbary ,
but the Row,2«/«cil? Defcription by Heylin, BlomeyScc. is very d liferent
from our later Relations, fo that I can write nothing of it with cer-
tainty.

The City of Mahntora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 151 5,
but retaken by the King of Fez, who there defeated 1 0000 Chriftians,
and got 60 pieces of Artillery; taken again by the Spaniards^ 1^14.
and fortified, having a good Port.

Sally, or Sale, is the Salu Plin. Ptol. & Sol. Sella, Jo. Leonid Cela,
Marm. is compofed of two Cities, the Old and New ; its Fortrefsis-
on a rifing Ground, with an high Tower ; in its Catile is the magni-
ficent Tomb of King Manfon and others ; it hath a Trade with the Eng-
tifh, French, Dutch, and Genouefe, but 'tis mod enriched by its Pira-
cies.

Michneff, between SaVy and Fez, is enccmpafied with Gardens of
excellent Fruits, as Pomegranates, Citrons, Oranges, Lemmons, Figs, 0-
lives. Grapes. See

Afgar^ or Az^gar, towards the Sea, affords Fens and Marfhes, where
they catch ftore of Eels : And Itore of Forejh, whence they have Char^
ca^/ and /^W, whofe chief places were E/^?rt;«^7^, 01 Elgmhma, now
only a Granary, where the Arabs liore upcheir Corn.

Cafar- El caber , or Alcazar, h a place of pleafure, built by King
Mmfor^ famous for the Battel which Von Sebajlian, King of Portugal.,

loa

472 ^f ^^^ Kjngdomof Fez,

loft in 1578. fought near this place*, in which all three of the Com-
petitors loft their Lives j "Don Sebajiian was flain in the Field , MuL
Mahomet of Fez was drowned, and Abdelmdech o^ Morocco the Conque
ror, died either with the labour and pains, or with the Sicknefs with"
which he wasfeized before the Battel 5 and, amongft fevcral others of
eminent Quality , was that famous infamous Engltjh Rebel Stackiey
flain.

Lhsraif^ or Larrach^ the Lixos of Plw. LixSj Vtol Lix^ Sol. tefte
Marm. jiraif, Africans, once greater than the great C«rf/7<«ge, the Roy-
al Residence oi Anuia^ whom Herc«/ej- defeated, and from whence he
brought the Goldm j4pplei, gathered in the Hefperides Gardens, is now
one ot the principal FortrelTes of ths Kingdom, delivered to the Spani-
ardsby Muly Xecque i6io. for which he loft his Life by his own Peo-
ple.

Hjhat is one of the moft confiderable Provinces in Fez ; it9 chief Ci-
ties are ^rz/il/:«, Zilia, Ptol. ZelM^ Strah. tc(ie Marmol. took bytheP^^r-
Jw^^// 1471. but in the Year 1508. befieged by Muley Mahomet, and
Oatazy who took the City and Caftle ; the Portugals fccuririg them-
felves in the Tower, were relieved, and retook the City and .Caftle 5
retaken fince by the Xerifs, who, at prefent keep it. It was often-
times the retreat or (helter of Gayland in his Wars againlt Ban Boucan,
and Taffilette.

Tangier, Tingi, Strab. & Plin, Tingif, Ptol. Tingios Steph. 'tangeri Mar-
tnolAomt Writers tell us, it was firft built by ?hm\ others fay it was
founded by Syphax, Son to Antam-, flain by the Lybian Hercules, and
called after his Mothers Name Tagena^ but depopulated and ruined by
the Civil Wars amongft the Natives: After which the Komans, mak-
ing themfelves Mafters of the Country, re-edified or founded this Ci-
ty, which gave Name to the whole Country of Fez and Morocco, CdX-
led, Tiiigitana, Maurhana, under whom it continued, until the (jo/^/o-
ver-ran the whole Country: Thcfe were dirpcffefied by the Africans
and Arabians', firft attempted, in vain, in the Year 1483. by the King
of Portugal ; but in the Year 1508. it was feiied by the Governor of
Arzilla for the King of Portugd, who ftrongly fortified it. In the
Year i <56 1 , it was delivered into the hands of the Kingof Great Britain,
Charles H. as part of the Dowry of His Royal Confort Queen Kathe-
ri?ie.

Tettuan, or Tetteguiny is a well-built Town, and keeps many Chri-
ftian Slaves.

Cmia

Of the Kjngdo'mof Ftx,, 473

CtutA remains in the hands of the Spaniards,

The Mountains or Cavlla's of this Province are very confiderable,
viz* Angera for flax and 'timber.

Gazar Azzaghir^ once belonging to the Tortugals* Chehib much enlar-
ged.

The Province of Enifis very mountainous and woody, abundant
in Bariy, Vines, Figs, Olives and Almonds.

Gomer is feated on a River of the fame Name.

TergaAiivcs a Trade in Sah-Fijh.

Bedis^ or Belts, with its Caftle and Palace, maintain fome Gallies,buc
much molefted by the Fort Pimon de Velez, held by the Spaniards in an
Ifland hard by it.

Mizemma, or Bezttma, formerly great and vi^ell peopled, where the
French intended to fettle a Fad:ory or Trade.

Of the Mountains or Cavila's, that of Benigttazeval^ or Benzarael^
can arm 25000 men, and hath a Vulcano which continually cafts out
Fire. It found a Months work for Taffilett^s Army, after he had taken
Ffz, by Stratagem.

'Sufaon is one of the moft fruitful and mofl pleafant places oi Afri-
ca', its people, under the JYl^j/^e, keeping tbemfelves in Liberty.

Gebha, or Gehba, is the Sefiiaria, of Ptol. tefie Ca(ial. but according
toMol. Cabode tres Forces, is the Safliaria of old; and Cabo de tresFof'
CM is Metagonium, Strab, MetagonitOf, Ptol. CajiaL and Cabo de Cafafa
Mol.

The Province o( Garret lies upon the Coaft of the Mediterranean Sea^
extending to the River Mnlvia, which feparates it from Teleufin 5 its
chief place is MeM^, Riffadirum PtoLKufader, Ant. Rufardir, Plin, tejk
Marmolio, now in the hands of the Spaniards, taken y^wao 1597. by
John Gufman, Duke of Medina Sidonia, Chufafa was taken before by Fer*
dinand King of Cajiile, &c.

The Province of Chaus is very large, amdng its Cities 'tezta is the
chief, efteemed ^he third of the Kingdom i adorned with three Col-
ledges, 23 Banians, many Hofpitals, and lOO Mofques or Temples,
and a Magnificent Caftle.

2. tm-yj, iea- :d on a Hill in the midft of a Plain, very advantage-
oufly endofed wiih ftrong Walls. , \-^uxli hass ,fj-:'.! ^ ^ ii

3. Vuhdu, on the fide ^f^an ^igh Mountain, from which mafiy
Fountain^' Jefcend. .•

Among che Ifihabitants of the Mountains fome are rich, and others
poor ^ fome ^re fmitful in Vineyards, fome in Fruits, and fomeia

474 W th KjngAom of Fez,

Pafcures. Tn this Province is the noted Basket- bridge over the River
Stbtt^ the Subur of Plin. & Vtol. tefie Marmot. & Cafi. between two high
Rocks, 1 50. yards fiom the Water.

Gherfeluin is beyond the Atlas Mountains.

Garfu is the Galapha of Ptol. te{hMarm.

The Kingdom oi Morocco^ with that of Fez,, contains the andent-
Mauritania, tingitania,

^Tis divided into feven Provinces, r/z. Sm^ Hea, Gnx,ulay Morocco^
"TeUeSy Hjfcora^ and Ditcala., and contains the ancient Mauritania S«/-
fenfis.

C. Cautin is the Vfadium Piol. tefle Baud. Marmot, makes Vfadium tobe
C. de /Signer. Mercat. makes HrrcuHs Promontorinm to be Cabo Cantin,

Sm Province lies about the River Sus^ and extends as far a§ Cape
ISIon, whofe chief City is Taradunt^ where the Etiglifh and French Mer-
chants hcivea Staple for their Sugars, the only Mart-Town of all the
Country. '; ■[

^jfdfeidt is the TafUkflda, or thamuftde of Ant. iefte Matmot, * ^ f

Mejfj^ feated at the Flux of the River Sus,-\s coropofed of threeiit-
tle Cities.

Ted/a, accounted larger, but not fo rich as Taradant.

teient on the Sus is compofed of three Towns, each diftant a Mile
frOln the other, having their Temple in the midft.
. The For tr^fs and City of Guarguejfen belongs to the Tertugdts.

Aguar is a P«Dmontory of great importance, near which is SmVia
Crux built by the Poriugals.

Mafagan, or Mas:>Ziagran y Carttm£y Caft. Mofiagan Marm.^CirceUi
Etrohio. :[ ' . ,'

ThePi-ovit^e of Gutula is not far from the Seat of the Aflcient
G^iuly } it hath many Boroughs and Towns, but no walled Cities dt
FortreiTesj faid, by Sanfar, to be rich in Mines of Gold, Brafs, Iron,

The ProvirKe of Morocco, the chief City bears the fame Name, the
BdcMtim BMemm <yi Ptol, Hifp. Marueecos Gal. Maroc. tefle Nigi & Curt'
one., and was the chief of the whole Kingdom, and once the Metro-
polis of all Birbary, at which time it had 24 Gates, in Circuit con-
tained 12 Miles, and about 1 00000 Families, ftrongly girt about with
t^alfe, and ailorned with many publickand private Buildings; efpeci-
ally one Mofque, accounted the greateft in the world, feated in the
midil of the CilVj beautilied with a ftately high Steeple. A Caftle as
big as a Town, in the middle whereof is a Temple, on the Top of
whofe Tower are three Balls of Gold efteemed worth 200000 Ducats,

Of the KJ^gdomofFet. 4^^

fo fixed by Magick, as that they cannot be taken a\vay. However now
much of its Splendor is loft, and a great part of the City is deferted,
and its Trade decayed,

jigmety once fo adorned with pleafant Gardens, fruitful Vineyards,
and fertile Fields, that it was called the Little Morocco.
Elghiumha is hut a fmall place.

Imegiagen is feated on a high Mountain, as is alfo "Temella. Tenez,z,a is
a Town of fome Note.

The Province of Hea is mountainous and woody, inhabited by an
idle and barbarous people ^ its chief Cities are Tedneft on the River
Samnsy the Inhabitants mod Jevps,

Hadeguify Tegukth^ Tejeut^ are pUces of Trade.
Tefegfeldt.j the Tamajida^ or 7hamufjda of Ant. tefic Marmol. and
Xkufugageriy are the moft conliderableof thofe in the Mountains.

Thelfle oiMogador near the Cape of Ocem^ is diftant from the Coaft
about two Leagues, where is built a Fort to guard the Mines of Gold
and Silver which are in the neighbouring Mountains.
GoZfOporto is the Suriga of PtoL tefie Curiane.

Vmala Province is the moft Northern part of the Kingdom of Mo'
Yoccoy whofe chief Cities are Az,amery taken by the Portugals t6i^,
fince retaken by the Moors y who have a ftrong Garifon there, the
Thymaterium Hannoy 'thymiateria Steph. tejie J. Marian. & Ra,"
mufio.

Magaz,an is fo ftrongly fortified by the Portugalsf that 200000 have
in vain belieged it. Tite was by them difmantled. Jfafi or Saffa
hath a French Gonful.

The Province of Hafcora hath Eltnadine for its chief City, once ac-
counted the Capital of the Country, whofe Inhabitants add id them-
felves to Arts, Traffick, and Manufadures. 7'egodaft hath fair Wo-
men. Elgiumuha is governed by Artizans, as Tegodaft admits of none
but Nobles. Bzo is a place of fome Trade.

The Province of Teldes hath the rich City of Tefza^ built by the old
African Moor/, beautified with many Mahometan Mofques, and its walls
a kind of Marble.

In thefe two Provinces are great quantities oi Goats, of whofe Skins
are inade the Cordovants ; and of their Hair, plain and watered CamoUts^
Their Grapes are faid to be as big as Pullets -Eggs.

The chief Rivers g^ Morocco are the Sm^ the Vna of Vtol tejie Mar-
mot, that waters the Southern part ; the tenfft that divides it in the
middle, the Jfama of the Ancients •, the Ommirahy which feparates it

P p p 2 froni

A'jG of the Kjnghm of Fez.

from Fex,y the Knfihu Vtol. KufuhiVic. Vticmfu Kutuhis Vlin. Vmaraka,
iejie Marmot.

T\\Q Afifmual^ that ipakes anAbyfs or Gdlph, like to that of 5"/-
icli in Italy, The Agmet lofeth it felf under-ground.

The Commodities of this Country bearing the Name of Menanfily
are Fbx^ Hemp., Homy, IVax^ Sugar, Hydes^ Maroklns or Gn-davants^
Courfe Twine, JDates, Almonds, Camoktf, and other Manufadures j as
Mais of very curious Strand, Mamies, All:e:cks,znd in fome places (lore of
Saltpetre. As for the fabulous abundance of Gold, there is no truth
In it.

The Kingdoms of F^z-and Morocco ought to be confidered in three
forts of Lands, Mountains, Campaigns, and Coafts. The Mountains
and Vallies are almoll: all in the hands of the Alarhes and Barabars^
who live partly free, and partly tributary to the Zeriffs. The Coafts,
in part, belong to the Moors, and part to the Spaniards znd Tortugals},
thefe holding thofe on the Atlantick^', the other on the Mediterranean
Sea.

The Alarhes are, by the Europeans, called Mountaineers, living^ in
Haimas or lentSy more rudely and rovingly, fhifting from Mountain to
Mountain, according to their Exigences, or Fickle Humors, carrying
with them their Itinerary Habitations, Robbery being their beft Live-
lihood. •
The other fort of Moors are called Barahars^ or Brehers ; thefe have
fixed Dwellings, and live in Neighbourhood, and gather into /^/Jeo/?*&
Cavil ah's, or Villages: Over thefe Barahars^re fubordinate Governors, or
Almocadens, to whom they pay a dutiful Obfervance j their Vocation is
Tillage and Grazing.

The Moors are of a large Stature, ftrong Conftitution, (lately Carri-
age, and differing^ in Complexion, according to their converfingwith
the Sun and Air j jealous and revengeful j implacable in their hatred,
and impatient till they have avenged an injury.

The Female Moors, if preferved from the injuries of the Sun and
Weather, are generally well complexioned, full bodied, and of good
Symmetry •, thofe that live in Tovvns are enclined to palenefs,feldom
(iirring abroad, unlefs to vKit the Sepulchres of their deceafed Friends,
in Devotion to pray for their Felicity 5 and in the Night-time to the
Baths for Health and Cfeanlinefs 5 but alvv^ays clofely vailed, that no
part is vifible but an Eye. In the (Ute of Matrimony their principal
liudy is topleafe their Husbands, and to render themfelves delightful

to their Conveiration.

Thofe

Of the KJngdom of Fez, ^^jj

Thofe Husband! s that are able, allow their Wives Negro's, or Black
Women, to do all the fervile Offices in the Family, yet there is no
Qualify that fit idle ^ for the chief of the Mmfco Ddmes employ their
time in fome thrifty Houfewifery. In their Viiits one to another, no
Man, though never fo near a Relation, can be admitted into their
Society; to prevent which, (he that makes the Vilit, firft fends to
know whether the Husband be at home, if not, then [he goes to her
Gbilips Apartment, where (he is entertained with a Liberality that
never injures her Husband : And if the Husband chanceth to return
home in the interim of the Viilt, he is careful to give no interruption,
but, upon notice, quickly departs the Houfe, which intimated to the
Vifitant, Ihe alfo Ihortens the Vifit. This prevents the cuftom of
expenfive Goffipings, with which in fome Nations (o many Wives are
debauched, and Husbands beggar'd. The Women are, indeed, kept
in great fubjedion and retirement, which makes Adultery a Stranger
to their Bed ; Nor can it reafonably be otherwife, feeing that the
Wife is fully affured, that the very Attempt to pilfer a Pleafure, if
difcovered, will coft her her Life.

There is a great appearance of Piety, in the cuftomary Expreffions.
and Salutations of the Moon in the beginning of any Labour
or Journy , with Zeal and Humility they will look up to Hea-
ven, and with a low Voice fay, Bifmillath', that is, In the Name of God:.
Intimating, That nothing ought to be enterpriz'd, but in the powes
and hope of the Divine Favour and Help. And when the Work, ot
Journy is finiflied, they fay. Ham der lUab^ Thanks be unto God j
denying all Afcriptions of Succefs to themfelves. When they meet
upon the Road , their Greeting is, El ham diUa al falam tipfty i. e-
God be praifed that I fee thee tvell. In pafling by one another, Salem.
aJJeque, Peace be witli thee. At the hearing of one another fneeie,,
they fay ■ God he your Keeper. The like Air and Genius of Devo-^
tion and Piety is obfervable in their Letters,

This Country abounds with Giamma*s , Mbfchs^ or Churches, to
which the Moors perform a^ great Reverence and Liberality, never,
fuffcring them to be prophaned, nor to want a competent Stock to
keep them in Repair i their Situation is Eaft and Weft.

In greater Towns there are many Giamma'Si in Zituan 1 5 ^ "i Jl*
caziar more i in ArziUa 5, and inFfZi 700;

The Moors have at this day no Schools of Science, like the Euro*
pean Univerfities and Colleges. As for the College called Amaro-^
dock in Fez, whofe Strudure colt King Aba Hman 480000 Crowns,
and which has been fo often celebrated for its 6.^X\^i{\x\ Situation,

^y8 Of the Kjngdom of Vez>.

Aiqfaick^ ArcheTy and Braun Gates^ it is now wholly deftitute of Siu-
dents. There are only petty Schools to write an4, read 5 and when
the Pupil can read the Alcoran with perfpicuity, and underftand the
principal Points it contains, and bears a good affedlion to the Prieft-
hood, and is informed of the Rites of the Giamma^ which are few and
eafie, and is deemed competent for Age and Learning » then two
or three AlfaqxPs, or Pm/?/, examine the Candidate, and being found
deferving, they grant him Teftimonials of his will ingnefs and abili-
ties to be an Alfaqui 5 and this is all the Education and Orders be-
ftowed upon their Trk^s.

The Moors feafon of Prayer is five times in 24 hours : The firft
is about Noon ^ the fecond about Three of the Clock in the After-
noon; the third at the going down of the Sun ; the fourth a little
within Night ; the fifth a little before day in the Winter. In their
AddrefTes to thefe Holy Celebrations , the Moors ufe great tokens of
Reverence, being very careful by wafhing, &c. in fitting themfelves
for the Giafjima.

And here give me leave to hint, what feme of thefeMen (which
we count Barbarians ) have animadverted, That the irreverent Car-
riage in Holy Places^ and fawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities hy
fame of us Chrijlians, are great Reproaches to our Keligion, and often ky
theyn refented vpith Anger and Indignation.

Vrayer they ftile, The Key of Paradife^ and, The PiVar of Religion i
and generally maintain fo careful a performance of this publick Du-
ty, that no fecular Buiinefs can detain them frora, nor any thing' di-
vert them at their Devotion.

As every CaviU have an Alcalib, or High Triefl, chofen by the
Alfaquh^ or Prieft^ who is poffefTed of the Giamma Gheber^ or Great
Church., wherein every Friday^ which is their Sabbath^ he expounds
fome Text of the Alcoran ; fo alfo every Cavila and Totvn have a
particular Alcadde, from whom they cannot appeal to any other but
Alcadde Gheher^ or the chief of thefe Jufiicersy who is appointed to
receive fuch Appeals, and is in conftant attendance upon the King or
chief Governor. The Alcaddees fit in the Gates of the Cavila^ or
fome publick place, to hear and determine all Cafes. And the AU
coran being the immutable R-ule both of Civil Juliice and Religion,
therefore, according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof, the
Alcaddce frames all his Definitions and Judgments: Here*s no in-
treaguingthe Plea^ with Kefolutions^ Cafes^ Prefidents, Reports ^ Old Sta-
tHtes^ but according to the frelh circumifances of the Fa6t, and the
proof of what is alledged.

Adul'

Of the KJfigdom of Fez. 47 9

Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Morefcho Catalogue, and the per-
fon Convided thereof, without any regard of his Eminence or Qua-
lity, is certainly ftoned to Death.

For the firft T^e/r, the Convid is publickly whipped in the Mar-
ket. For the fecond, he lofeth his Hand. For the third, he dies
cxquifitely tormented, and then expofed to the Birds of Prey. All
Homicide, or killing of a Man by a Man, is Capital.

Vfury is totally forbidden by their Law ; for Muhomet hath made
itanirremiffibleSin; but he that borrows Mony of another where-
with to traffick and gain, gives the Lender an equal Ihare of the
Profits ; and it is ufual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower, till he
perceive him fraudulent, car^lefs, or unfortunate.

Marriage is in fo peculiar .an Eftitnation, that Mdhomet made it
the fecond of his eight Precepts; and the Moors are fo generally
obfervant of this Commandment, that few among them are found to
live out of the ftate of Wedlock , if they are able to purchafe a
Wife.

Polygamy, Concuhifiagey and "Divorce, are ufed by them ; for Ma'
homety that he might the better coropleat the loofe Humors of his
firft Sedaries, made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences,
denying nothing to Mttffelmen that had any fenfible compliance witli^
their brutal Affedions,

O/T

a8o

Cfut i£adiaora-

el
Catat JCtoara.

u "T .Xitnuicont

Of J L G I E R.

'^f^HE Kingdom of Metier is Famous as well for its Riches and

1 Forces ss for its Piracies of Chriftians, and its Barbarcufnefs to

its Captives. It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Maun-

taniaC4amnfiu ^''&'^'

Of A LG 1 E It. 481

Geographers divided it into five Parts or Kingdoms, TeUnfin^ Tenes-,
Algitr^ Bhgia, and Conflamina : GrantmajHs tells us, That the Tnrks
have eftabliflied therein twenty Governments, whereof ten are upon
the Coaft, and ten within Land : To thefe he aifo adds ten Divid-
ons more but fo intermixed and uncertain, that I fhall not mention
them.

But I (hall proceed to a Defcription of the five principal Parts afore-
faid i and firft of the Province of teUnfm^ by the Inhabitants called
Tremecen^ from its chief City, which is the Timici of Ptin. and PtoL
Marmol. diftant about feven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the de-
cay of the SttracefiicalEmiike-, itufurped theMajefty of a Kingly Title,
which, tho' much difgraced by being made fubjed to j4hfilthsfen, King
of Fez,, after a Siege of thirty Months, yet at lafl: it aflumed its
Liberty under divers Kings of its own ; one of which, viz,. jihdalU^
ihaking off the Spanijh Allegiance, fubmitted himfelf and Kingdom to
SolymAu the Magnificent. It was once a City oneofthe greateft and
faireft of Barhary, and very ftrong ^ for it fuftained a Siege of levcn
years againit Jofeph the puiffent King of Fez^y and at lall forced him to
raile it.

Humain al. One is the Anticnt •^rtifiga, Sanf^ Ctfira & Siga of VtoL
CaftaUo. in 1535. ruined by the Cafiilians. The Country about ita-
bounds with Figs, Oranges, Pomgranats, and Cotton, of which the
Inhabitants make divers Manufadtures.

Harefgol or uirefgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela, tefle Marwot,
by fomc 7.erfen or Zerfen : A Rsman Colony and Refidcnce of Syphax,
before he feized the Eftate of Maffmijfa. Its fituation is on a Rock,
furrounded with the Sea, except on the South fide ; once much greater
than it is; but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of
Fez,, from the Cdiff's, from the Moors, from the Caflilians, and from
the y^rabs, hath reduced it to that fmall Eftate that it is now at, under
the Government of Algier.

Ora», which the Africans caW Tuharan (x^thtT Guharati) the Nubian
Ceo. Vaharan, is this Cmftt of the Antients Sanf. The Quiz.a and
Zenitana of Plin. the Buiz.a of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines, in
the year i$09. at which time the Spaniards loft but fifty Men, kill-
ed four thoufand Motrrs, redelivered twenty thoufand Chriftian
Captives.

Mar fa elQftiber Sanf Marz,achibar Merc. Afarza Quivir Band.Portus
Magnus of Pirn, and Mela ^ taken by the Marquefs of Comares, an.
1 50 5. for the Spaniards : It is one of the faireft, greateft. and fecureft ^
Ports in all Africa.

Q.qq Tefer

4S2 Of ^.L G I E R.

TefezAra or Tefefre was the JIfldlicis or Afiacilitis of ttoL tejic
Zdarmol.

Hubbede or Hubet^ is the Mnlara of P^0/. the Mina of -^;7^
MarmoL

Gua^ida the Lanigaray of Pro/. MarmoL is the capital City of the
Province of Hanghad or u^nghad^ pofTefled by the Arabs-^ and noted
for its Ollriches.

^niarax^ or Beniardfid^ t he BmoboYa of Pre/. 54»/. ^is the Capital
Town of the Province fo called j it contains twenty 6ve thoufand
Inhabitants, and pay twenty five thoufand Ducates of Tributes.
Calat'Haoaray or thQ Vrbara of old, isftrong.
Moafcary the KiSloria. of I'toL is the Refidence of 'the Governour of
the Algerins.

Batha is the P^aga of old, much ruined j but FilUnov.snd T^oL tell us.
That l^aga is now Tegmedei.

Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous, yeilding Fruits,
Wax, Hony and Cattle .• Its chief City beareth the fame Name, and
by Sanfon is the Jo/ and Julia Cafaria of Plifi, Strab. &c. leated near to the-
Sea, having a JCaftle and Palace, formerly the abode of its Kings,
now of its Governours : other places are Brifch alias Bnxcar, the
Icojifim of Plifi' and ^^ela. Sanf.BwtCajial. and Mole tell 'us, Icofium.
is Acor,

Meliana is on the Mountains, fo is 5m Ahmaed and Guanfer the
7^ abacus of PtoL which can raile two or three thoufand Horfc, and
fifteen or fixteen thoufand Foot.

Moftagan is the CarUnna of Mela. Ant. and Vtol. Marm. Mar^zAgran}
€aJi,Circilli Etrobio.

The Government of Algier comprehends likewife that of Couco in
the Mountains, Built on the top of a Reck, whole Governors have
often difputed their Liberty with the Dtyso^ Algier. ThefeMoon-
tains are two or three days Journey long, and their Approaclrlss dif-
ficult. They yield Olives, Grapes, and efpecially Figs, which is the Kings
principal Revenue : As alfo, Iron and Salt-Peter ^ the Plains afford Corn
and Cattle. The Inhabitants are Berebtres and Az.uages, well armed
and couragious.

The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argier, Incolis Gez,ier^
the Antient Jol built by King Jnba-, afterwards the Julia Cafaria-,
Flin. tefle MarmoL But Sanfon will have Algier to be the Rufcurian of
Tlin. the Rufaccurran of Ant. the Rhufuccora PtoL But MarmoL will
h2YQ R^fc^'^^^ to bt Garbele. Caftaldns will have Algier to bcSalda
of PU^' ^"^' ^ndPtoL 'Tis one of the richeft and beft inhabited
Cities of all -Africa J by reafon of the Pyracies of the Inhabitants

upon

Of ALG IE% 48^

upon the Ocean and Mediterranean. It isfaid to contain fifteen thou-
fand Houfes, and near as many Gardens round about it, abounding with
ftore of pleafant Fruits, with their Fountains, and other places of
delight.

The Air about j^lgkr is pleafant and temperate -^ the Land hath
excellent Fruits, as Almonds, Dates, Olives, Raifins, Figs, fome
Drugs, &c. The Plain of MottU-, fifteen or fixteen Leagues long, and
eight or ten broad, is fo fertile? that fomctimes it yields an hundred
for one, and bears twice a year. But moll; of the Inhabitants live by
their Pyracy, which doth fo much enrich the place, that Cardinal
Ximenes was wont to fay, That they that could take Argier^ would
find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all Africa. Among the
Tombs without the City is remarkable, that of the faireH Cava^
Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica^ who having been ravifhed bj
Rodoric King of the Goths^ was the caule of the Moors defcent into
Spain. The Emperor Charles the Fifth loft before Jr^ier^ the faireft
Navy he eve r had in his life.

The City of Temendfufl^ or Manfora^ is about fix Leagues from
Algier^ the I omnium Mnnicipiumoi Ptol. the La/nninm, jint. tefte Sanf.
or Caffen tefte Mol.

Teddeksy or Taddeles-, twenty Leagues from ^Igier^ is the Rufyifts tefie
SanJ. Salda. Merc,

Cercele or Sarcelle^ near Albatel or Sagely is the Rnjicibar Ptol. the
Rufubiticari Ant. tefie Band.

Couco isafeparate Kingdom in the Mountains, of fo difficult accefs,
and fo ftrong, that it maintains its Liberty, faid to be the Tdnfuptas
TtoLtefe Baud.

The Province of Bugia lies between the Rivers Major and Sufgemar^
or Sufegmar^ the Ampfage of Mela^ and Ttal. tefte Marmol. And hath,
for its chief City Bngia-, a large City, adorned with many fumptuous
Mofques, fome Monafteries and Colleges for Students in the Mahometan.
Law, andHofpitals for the Relief of the Poor, guarded with a very
ftrong Caftle. The JgilgiU', Caflal. Tabaera or Tabraca, faullo. Balda
Mol. Marmol. & aliis.

Lubez, makes a feparate Eftate above Bugia, and . conlTfts only in
Mountains of fo difficult accefs, that they are fcarce forced to pay
Tribute.

Calaa is the Chief Fortrefs and Refidence of their Zeqne or
King.

Tedi, and Caco de Teleita, are at the foot of the Mountains.

Necaus is the moft pleafant place of all Barbary^ every Houfe hath
its Garden, and every Garden is fo embelifhed with Flowers^ Vines,

Q, 2 Fruits

484 Of A LG lER.

Fruits and Fountains, that it ieems a Tcrrcftrial Paradife. The Baga^
and Ba^aiAy Divo Auguftino^ Lib* Cone* Vaga Ptol. and SiL Vaganfe Of.
plifi. tefie Marmol and Vagd Am.

The Province of Conflantina hath fometime had its Kings. This
Province is divided into three Parts or Q^iarters, viz.. that of Con-
fiamna^ Bona andThehejfa.

Confianma, vihkhthc Moors or Arabians call Cmfantina-t theAijti-
tTiis'Cirtljaox Cirta Jttlia, which in Roman Hiftory was the Refidence
of many Kings of Numida-, as Majfwijfa^ and Syphax. This Cirta was
befieged and taken by MapmJJa, where Sophomsba-, the Daughter of
Afdrnhal^ Syphax*s Qtieen was j who had fo many Attrai^ions and
Charms, that in the fame day Ihe was Captive and Wife to Mafmijfa,
who, that fhe might not be led in Triumph through ^o/we,poyfoned her
felf. Its fituation on a Mountain, which hath but two Avenues, the
reft being Precipices, makes it ftrong.

B(^»a is the Antient Hifpo regius, the Bifhop's See of St. AHgnfline \ ah-
Afritanii Bened & Vgneb-,tejie Marmol. f^aga^ Silio. AUis Bifeerta Vecchiay
^ Raz,amilara^ tefie Band,

Thebejfa the Ancient Therefie^ is faid to excel all other Cities in
Barbary in three things, in the force of its Walls, beauty of its Foun-
tains, and great number of its Walnut-trees.

Collo is the Collofs Magnus of ftd. Mabra is the Aphrodium Colo-
nlay tefte Mol. Cafial. Stora is the Rttpcada of Tlin. Ptol. and Mela^tefie
Mol. and Martn. The Gemveje have a Fortrefs in the Ifle Tabarca :
And the Fr^wc/; a Baftion between the 1{[q Tabarca sluA Magaz.iny called
Bafiion de France, for the fecurity of their Fifhing and Commerce.

Thefe two Provinces of Bttgia and Onftantina contain the Numidia
propria of the Antients, GHzjtntina incolis^ tefte Marmol. A Country
which hath fuffered great Changes under the Romans, Vandals, Moors,.
and afterwards by Barbaroffa.

■ V:-

Of TV N IS. 4S5

Of TV N rs.

TH E Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of Amilcar',
Hannibaly yifdrHbal^ Ma^Ot^nd Adajfinijfa\ And C hrifi iamfm alCo
is beholden to it for the Birth of St. jiHgdftine-y TertHlUan, St, Cyprian^
LaEtantim^ FulgemtHs, The Kingdom ot Tunis is divided into four
Maritim Governments, and three or four Inland ones. The Maritim
arcBifena, Gokttat Son/a sad Africa. The Inland ones are ^^//'^j Vrhs^
Cayr04My to which fome add a Part of B'tlledHlgerid -. Arid contains the
Africa propria, of Old •• Jn (jHa Pumca Regnu vides^ Tyrios^ (^ JigenorpSy
urbetn, f^irg. Lib. i . zyEneidos* The Libypbanices Liv. Libopharjices Plin.
Libophtznicta apnd Salnftinm. This City grew from. the Ruines of Car-
thage-, once formerly ^ow^j great Rivalefs : And the Capital City of
a large Territory firft built by Dido^ Jinm Mnndi 3070, about an
hundred forty and three Years before Rome^ and two hundred and
ninety Years from the Deftrudlon of Troy. Tmii is now one of
the faireft Cities in Barbary, a Place of great Traffick, and much fre-
quented 5 affording feveral good Commodities, -yk. Saffron, Wax,
Oyl, raw and faked Hides, hard Soap , Variety of Fruits, Wool),
Spunges, Oflrich-Feathers, and chiefly Chriftian Slaves : The Tarfa
of the Ancients tejie Samt. memorable alfo, in the Holy Wars , for
the Sieges and Succefles of two of our Princes, Edward the Firft,
and Henry the Fourth , when but Earl of Darby. As to the old Car-
thage, let me only fay, that it was once one of the faireft Cities of
the World j when in its Splendor it was three hundred and Cixtyftadia
in circuit, like to that of Babylon. Its Inhabitants fo rich and power-
ful, that they difputed with the Romans^ as was faid, for the Empnre of
the World, but now lies buried in its Ruines. Biferta is the ancient
Vrica, of Cafar. Cic. Vlin, Itfca Polyb^ and ftol. Porto farina, and Jncolis
Garal-mejhay Marmol. and Faz.. Maz.ac hares , Nig ^ Benfert , Arab.
JBiferta, Ital. tefie Band. Here is a fair Burfe or Exchange for Mer-
chants, two great Prilbns for their Slaves > and fome Baftions to
defend the Port, which is good and large. Memorable for the death
of Caw, confiftingof a high and low Town, the one on a Rock, the
other on the Sea. That of Soufa ( the Rufpina of Ptol. tefle Sanf. but
MahadiaisthtRafpinatefte Mol.) is a higher and lower City, the firft
on a Rock, and of difficult accefs \ the latter on the Sea with- a good
Fart, In- the Year i5ip, the Duke of Savoy made as unfuccefsful

Enterprizft:

486 Of TV ^I S.

Enterprize upon them : Within this Government is the City Mam-
mametha Arab, the Adrumemm. Plin. HadrHmitum MeU^ Adrhmittos
Ptol. which by Adianm is now called Toulba , by Merc. Mahomitta,
which communicatts its Name to the neighbouring Gulph in the
bottom, whereon it is feated > having ftrorg Walls, and a fafe
Harbour.

In the Government of Africa, Merc. Mahadia Incoli^ ^ tefte F<i^
Bl-madia- Sanf. the Aphrodijinm Ptol. is a City of the fame Name,
twenty Leagues from Mahemetta. Its Situation is in a Peninfula ;
guarded with a double Wall, and good Ditches : Its Port capable to
lodge fifty Gallies , but its entrance fo narrow , that a Gaily cannot
pafs without lifting up its Oars. Sanfon makes El-madia to be the
ancient Thapfm, where Coifar defeated Scipo^ and Juba-t after which
defeat C<2fo flew himfelf at Vtica-t by Sanf. aow Benferta: Aud Scifio
being met by C^efars Fleet , pafling his Sword through his Body ,
flung himfelf into the Sea : Juba retired to Zama, where he had left
his Children and Treafures , but being refufed entrance, he and
Petrejas retired into a Houfeinthe Field, where they killed them-
ielves.

Zamara is the Zama of Polyb. Strab. and Plin. tefie Martml. Zamanti-
z,on Plin. where Hannibal was overcome by Scipio, one hundred Miles
from Mahometta, and one hundred and twenty from Tmis.

Goletta is a Fortrefs between Tunis and the Sea j under this Fort
General Biake with the Engliflj Fleet fired the Pirate Ships of Tttnis
in 16$^. Cayroan was the Refidcnceof a Caliph, or one of Mahomets
high Priefts. It is the ancient Tifefpr/^j, yf/hcve Majfmijfa beat Afdr'n-
h-aly while Scipio look'd on. Begge, Beja lies in a Soil fo fertile in Corn ,
that the Natives fay, That if there were but two Bejas, there would
be more Grains than Atomes of Sand upoa the Sea-lhore. The Ri-
ver Gnadibalbar Mol. makes fo many Windings and Turnings, that you
crols it twenty five times in the Road from Bona to Tunit. Rnbri-
catHs MeU. and PtoK Armna Plin. Ardalio Orof. Ladog Cajf* Jadog. J.
Leon. But Bagradas Ptol. Strab, ^ Liv. Magrida Leon. Megrada Mar.
Magiordeck P. Jovio, Macra Polyb. Bagrada C(zf is made to be the Ri-
ver Gmdibalbar in the Maps of Ortelim and Sanfon. Between the King-
dom of Tunif, and the Ifland of Malta lie fome little Iflands, as Pan'
talarea belonging to the King of Spain, wherein is a Gulph , from
whence the Vapoirs that thicken upon the Rock above, deftill as much
Water as ferves for the ufe of the Inhabitants : The Cojfyra Ptol, Co-
fnraMeU & Flac. Cofyra Plin. Cofnra Strab. diftant from C. Bona, dim
Herman vel Mercarii fromontorium forty five Miles, and from Maltha
dim Mdita, ninety. Lar^padofa and Ijimofa belong to the Knights

Of TV N 1 S. 487

of Maltha. In Lampadofa ftands a Chappel, famous for the Ofi^ringg
of both r^i/^j and Chrifians. And it has beenoblerved, that never any
Sacrilegious Perfon went unpunifh'd, that robb'd it. The firft Lofa-
4ft fa of Strab and Ptol. The other f^thufa and <i/£gnfa, te(fe Ort, Che-
cara I. Jtalis, Cicare Gallis^ Qnierquene Merc. ChArchana faz^. is the
Circina and Circinna of old.

The Kingdom of Tripoli is a barren Countrey, confiderable only for
the Trade of Tripoli in Barhary^ fo call'd to diftinguilh it from Tripoli-
in Syria and Natolia.

Cafes and Caps Nig. Caftal. &c. is the Tacape of Tlin. Cafe Ftol. Cafa
Procop. Thacapa or Tacapa ^nt. Upon the Coaft of this Kingdom
lie the two Syyffx, the little one is called, TheGdpbof Capes by OrteL
Golfo di Caps^ by Faz^ Gelfo di Bern. In circuit, 193 Miles, the
great onz t The Gnlph of Sydra^ Golfo di Solocho, and Golfo di
Palo , in the Chans, Gallis, Les Seiches de Barbarie. Baxos de Bar-
haria Hifp. Golfo de Sidra, halls. In circuit four hundred Miles ,
te^e Baud. 625. /'/f>. infamoHs tor the Ihipwrack of Vellels, inhofpita
Syrtis yirg. 4. ^neidos. The Ifland of Gerba^^ where the Spaniards.
were defeated in the Year 1550. by the Infidels. And here if was
alfo that Dragm the Pyrate efcaped the famous Doria^ it was the
Lotaphogites of Strab. and Ptol. Meninx, Plin. Mirmex. Polyb. Girba 'Ant.
Gerbij Faz,.

Old Tripoli, formerly Sabrata, Sanf. is now decayed : The Sabathra-
Ptol. Sabatra Flin. Rakfanabes yillan. Saxambii Mol. But New Tripoli ,
of Old Ocea^ is much enriched by Piracy. Along this Coaft areforae-
Ides, where grows the Fruit Lotes very fweet and pleafant, and on
the South of Tripoli is the faireft and beft Saffron.

Lepeda and Lebeda, Baud, the Leptis of the Ancients Well known to.
Xht Romans, and to the Arab* of Nttbia, Zoara of qld, Pifida nolzd it
for fcarcity of Water.
' Of the Kingdom of Barca,

Cyrentaca, Libya, Marmarica are now comprehended under the name-
of '^arca, which begins on the part where formerly ftood the Altars of
the Phyknians, which were alfo the Bounds between the Territories of
Carthage and Cyrene ; and after that to the Empires of Eaft and Weft»
It is a Countrey for the moft part dry and barren, covered over in moft
Places with a thick light Sand, continually moved about with the^
Winds, turning Hills into Vallies, and Vallies into Hills. As infamous
for the Birth of Arim, who denied the Divinity of Chrift, fo, as
famous for one oi t\\z Sybils^ hence named L)'^/c^. Thefe Sybils vjctq
in number ten, viz.. Perfica, Lybica, Delphica, Ciimaa, Samia, BeHe-
fppmica, Tibmtina, Albmea, S cyt h <ea ^nd Cnmarta, vihich laft is faid to

havcL

488 Of TV 9^1 S.

have written the nine Books of Sybils prefented to TarqHiniHi ^uperhHs'-,
which contained Prophefies, of the Name, Birth, and Death of Chrift.
The chief Places of moft efteem ia former Times were, i. Barca-t
of old called i'wlo/»^**, of fuch account, that it gave name to the whole
Country.

2. Cyrenet once of fuch Power, that it contended with Carthage about
their Territories : The Birth-place of Eratofthenes^ CalUmachPu^ and
Symon of Cyrenc^ who carried our Saviours Crols : Now called Carvan-
nay Corene^ Villam and Cairoan. Baud.

3. BerenkeonxhQ gXQ2X Syrtes^ no^ Bernicho,

4. HercHlis Turris erected in honour of Hercnles for killing the Dra-
gon, and robbing the Orchards of the Hffperidts of their golden Ap-
ples, this Orchard being placed here by Ptoiomy, by Pomfonim in the
Atlantick^ Iflands, by l^irgil and Pliny in Mauritania.

5. Alberton-, of old PardtoniHm , the Sea-port to the Temple of
'Jufiter Hammony leatcd in the midft of a vaft fandy Defert, as they
tell us, encircled with a delightfome and pleafant Grove, watered
with wholefome Springs, refreOied with a temperate Air, (haded with
Fruit-bearing Trees, whole Leaves were always green.

This Country is now the thirteenth CalfiUjf or Government under
theT«r^/^j BaihawinEgj/pf, called ^o«W<« or Barca the Southern Part
whereof is called the Defert of Barca, famous for the Temple before-
mentioned, for its Oracle, for the Fountain of the Sun, for the de-
ftruftion of Camhyfes Army \ and for the vifit of Alexander.

Rivers I find few, but one of fame enough for all the reft, by Ttolomy
called Lathon, by Pliny Lethon, by the Poets Lethct and feigned to come
from Hell, and to caufe forgetfulnefs in thofe that drink it : Now
Milel-, tefte Marmol.

Of EGYPT,

48^

ECm is bdundcd on the North with the Mediterratfem Sea,
on the Eaft with the Red-Sea, and the Jfihmus between the
Red-Sea and th« Meditmmem \ on the South with Ethiofiit

Rrr and

^90 Of E G YT T.

and Ndia \ on the Weft with the Lybian Mountains, or Deferts of
Barca.

This flourifhing Kingdom pofleft by Mizjratm^ changed her antient
Name, and became Bgy^t^ at fuch time as i^^yptus (or Ramafii) the
Ion of Behts^ having expelled his Brother jjanuHs or J^rmtus into
that part of Greece^ now called lAorea^ by whom the ^rgives were
made Danai^ which happen'd 877. years after the Flood, in the time of
^ojlwa^ as St. v^«^«y?i7/f conjefturethout of -E'/^/f^/Vi/.

This Country by the Jews was called, Mifr^tm , the CaUeans^ Mipraiy
the Jfjyrims^ Mtfri ', the j^rManSy Mefra ^ the Moorsj Wjfir j and Ba-
hara-i by the Antient Inhabitants Chemia^nd Hamia-^ by the Romans,,
jiugujlanica. j by Berofus, Oceania ; by Xenophon, Ogygia ^ by Herodotusy^
Fotamia-ihy Lucian-s Me!a»tbolos, aViSiS MilampodHs -^ b\ Homer ^Hrfejtiay
by others, NiUa^ Aeria, and 0//r^ ^ by the Modern THrh^ El-kthit. It
is the only Region of Africa, that borders upon Ajia j and though the
Air be bad, it is the befl;^peoprd in the World. Nor was it lefs pecpl'd
formerly, if it be true, that in the Reign of Amafis^ one of their Kings>.
it contain' d above twenty thoufand Cities. The extraordinary quan-
tities of Corn which it yielded, caus'd the Anticntstocall iitht publick
'~ Granary of the World. And the plenty or fcarcity of the whole Roman
Empire was Hill according to the Harveft of tgy^t. Nile by the In-
undation of his Stream, which is full of Nitre^ gives the Ground
this fertility. The Plants grow in fuch abundance, that they would
ehpke one another, did they not ftio.v the Fields with Sand. The
Wefternpart of M/^ is more fruitful than the Eaftern. Befides Cornr
this Country affords ^/cf, Sugar^ Datesy Sena-, Caffiay Balfom-, Hides,
Flax, and Linen. They know little, who fay that it rains not there».
lor the ordinary time of Rains and Winds begins in the Month of
J)ecember or Kijahak^y and continues till January and February^ at the:
Eve of Tentecoft, in the year 1672. there was Rain at Rofette, and
on the 24 of November^ the Rains fell at Cairo, tefte F. Vanjleb. So
that it is a great Error to fay, it never Rains in Egypt ^ befides, there
are often wet Mills, and in all feafons of the year, when the Nights
are ferene,there is much Dew that falls, but when the Nights are cloudy
there is no Dew.

To this day alfo Egypt fhews us Pyramids, Obelifques, Labyrinths,
and other Works of the Antient Kings raifed at an incredible expence,,
£0 teftifie their Puiflance, and to employ their people. The Statue of
Memnon was there formerly molt remarkable, as alfo the Fharos near
Alexandria : In the LakeV^m is faid to be feen the place where the Zrf-
byrinth koQ^-, v/herein they fay. There were above thirty three hundred
B.ooms, Uommiss which are frequent in this Country, are nothing

but

Of eOTTT. 45,

hut the Bodies of dead Men embalmed and buried in Vaults, carefully
provided for that puf pole, where they keep entire two or three thou-
fand years.

About five Miles from CairOy as one Stephen Dublies reports, (being
an eye witnefs; there is a place in which on every Cood-friday there ap-
pears a great many Heads and Legs of Men, rifingout of the Ground :
By late Relations, 'tis feid to be only a Trick of the Water-men to get
Money.

The Palm-trees may be reckoned among the Rarities of Egyp^ they
grow in couples, Male and Female, and do not frudifie but by coiture ^
the Fruit it bears is known by the name of Dates, in tafte much like
Figs, and all its parts are of feveral ufes, as the Pith for a Sallet,
the Hask of the Cod for .Cordage, the Leaves for Fans, Feathers
&c.

Egypt at the beginning had Native Kings, who governed their Sub-
jedts with a free and unlimited Authority, and till the Government of
PfammenitHs^ Son of Amafis^ who rul'd in the year of the World 5454,
were all called by one general Sirname, or Title of Pharaoh^ being a
Name of Dignity, as with us the Name of Emperor or King. But
tho' Egypt hath been always of old governed by Kings, yet the Royal
Seats have been changed. The firft Royal Seat we read of was Tanis ,
where was Pharaoh^ Court and where God performed great won-
ders i Thebes alfo was the Royal Seat. Then Me/nphisy which was
the Seat of the Kings, of the Race of Coptfts^ till Nehachadonozer
facked it- Alexandria, where the OV^ ^^Kings redded for nine hundred
years, till the Arabians took Egypt-, and made Foftat near old Cairo
thQMetropolis. After Giauher had built Cairo, about the year of the
Hegira 362, he made that the Royal Seat, which continues to this
time.

The Egyptians were antiently Heathens, almoft every City had a
Godto adore : Abuftr, or the old ^///m worfhippeda Calf ; Akxan-
dria,t\\^ Z'[i\Xtx\X. Racotis, adored a Serapis of Stone j Achmin,thQold
P4»oj, acknowledged ^/po//o ; .S^?z4 worfhipped a Dog ^ Bajfa, or the old
Bubaflis had for a God a Lion of Stone, Eida adored a Sera^is j
Jfchemunein, or the antient Hermepolis. worfhipped a Man of Stone i
Jfvan, called by the Cophties Sevan, reverenced the Tree Lebaca \ Com
worfhipped the Moon and Stars ', Mindadi the Fig-tree of Pharaoh ;
Memphis z Calf ; Atriby or the old Atribis, adored a Calf of Stone ,
Semenaut, which is the antient Sebennis, worfiiipped a Calf of Brafs ;
Sa a Hog of Stone j r«&<« had refped for the Water , according to an
old Manufcript in Arabick.

' - R r r 2 CmhyftSt

492 Of EGYPT

CamhyfeSy the Son of Dams, in the year of the World 3454? was;
the firft that made them ftoop to a foreign yoke, he with a ftrong Army,
invaded and conquered Egypt, took Pfammenms Captive, putting him to.
death, baniihingand deftroying all before him, reducing the Country
to a Province, in which fubjedtion to the Perfans it remained above
one hundred and fifty years, till the Reign ot^naxerxes Longimmns'i
inwhofe time the Egyptians fet up one Inarus-i. Son of PfammitichMy
before King of Libya-, who governed happily, till y^rtaxerxes, with a
great Fleet and Army, came upon them out of Phenicia unawares, and
foon reduced them again to his obedience, from wnich time it was.
fiibjed to the Perfian Kings, until the Reign of Dams Noth?^y when
they wereexpeirdby Amirtens^ born in the City Sais^ or PelHftHm^now
Calixenc'

Six years rcigntd Amirtet^Si fucceeded for about ninety one years by
four Mendifian Princes, after that by three Sebemtes, until NeUabanes
the Second, in whofe time Artaxerxes Ochui bereaved him of his.
Kingdom, and fo Egyp fell again into the hands of the Perfuns^ to
whom it continued fubjed till the deftruition of Darius Codomanusy
by Akxandtr the Great, who brought it to the Grecian, or Maddoni-
An Kijigs, that reigned five years over it ; after Alexanders death it
it^toPtolomttts^ Sirnamed i^^^^, whence all the Kings, his Succeflbrs in
that Kingdom, were called Ptolomiest fubjoyning thereunto fome other,
name.

The Ptolomies in Egyi^t which bore the Title of Kings, were teniiv

Number.

Aiid their Race ended with Cleopatra.) the Daughter of Ptolomy Au^

ietis, courted at firft by Julks Cafar-i then by Mark^ Antony, through

whofe favours fhe kept her Sovereignty, but Augufittsj at the Battle

o^ AFtium^ ruining Antonys fortunes with the death of Cleopatra, who<

poifoned her felf, made it a Roman Province, and it continued under

that Empire, till the Reign of tieradius, who held his Royal Gourti

at ConfianFl'inople. After the dividing of the Roman Empire into

Eafiern and Weilern, Egyp fell to the Greek, or Weflern (hare, till the

'Egyptians fubmitted to the Arabian Califs, ationt the year 704, to

wliom they ftood faithful till conquered by the Mahumetans. In the

Year 1155 Syracon or Xarracon, by others AferJdin, Schyrachoch^ an

Armsnim.G^v.Q.xzh or firft Vizier of the King of Damas, byhis Vido-

tlous Arms took Captive the, Calif of E^>/?^ and made himfelf Mafter

there with the Title of Sultan, or Soddm ;. fo that it continued in

that Name and Race till the year 1242, when the Mamaliicksj theofF-

Ipringof apeople, on the Banks of the £/w«f Sea, Mercenary Soldiers,

kept in pay of th^SonUan^ by the Murder of their Lord made them-

' fclves.

Of EG TFT. 49^

felves Lords of the Conntrey, under the Tyranny of whofc Raee and,
Poileffion it groan'd from 1255, until the Year 1 5 1 7.

ThQhit So^ldan of Egypt, being call'd Tomnmbey, the lecond of thaC
Name,, which by the Warlike Mamaluks was eledled Sultan, who
having Wars with the THrktfi Emperour Seiim, and by him defeated,,
fled to Cairo, where taken Captive and delivered up by a Moorijl) Prince,
he Was miferably in the faid Year 1 5 1 7 Murdered, and his Body tyed to
the Tail of a Camel, and dragged through Catro. Which Vidory fo
ruined the Power of the Mamdnki-, t\\ditEgypt-y by their Courage and
Condadt keptinfubjedion above three hundred Yearsi hath ever lince
truckled under the Command of the T'wr^jfc Empire, where the Grand
Signiors manage the Government by a Bafliaw, or Pacha, and chief of
the Sangiacks, m the fame manner as other Countreys, fubjed to the.
Turks". Whole yearly Revenue is about 1 50000 pounds, which is divi-
ded into three equal parts, of which one is allotted for the difchargeof
the Annnal Pilgrimage to Mecha, the fecond for the payment of the
Souldiers, with other neceflary charges of the Kingdom, and thethird.
goes into the Turkij^ Chequer.

Egypt is inhabited at prefent by Cophtiesj Mborsi Arabians^ Turks ,^ ■
5^^97/5 Crff^and Eranh. ThcTurks govern the Countrey, and ad in alL
Offices of State. The invention of Aftrology, Arithmetick and Phyfick^
is attributed to them, for which reafbn Egypt is call'd the Miftrefs of^
Arts Ptolomem Philadeiphm, is faid to be the Perfon who ordered the
Bible to be tranllated by the Seventy Interpreters: As ufually called 3.
though indeed ti:ey were feventy two ; and bought above two hundred,
thoufand Volumns of Manufcripts. There were alfo a prodigious
number of Books in the Library at AlexarJria , which were, unfor-- -
tuoately loft, when JuUm Cafar made War there. The Natives of
the Country, have a particular Art to hatch Chickens by the heat of,
their Ovens, wherein fometimes they will put three or four thoufand.
Eggs together ; and when they are hatch'd, they fell them by the.
Peck, The Cophties are Natives of Egypt, the natural Inhabitants
of the Countrey, and ufe a Language altogether particular to them--
lelves, and a certain fort of Writing little different from that of the
ancient Creeks.. There is now fcarce ten or fifteen thoufand of them-?-
left, according to the Relation of their Patriarch ; Millions of theniv
having been put to the Sword, partly by the/'^^^«Emperoursj for:
their adhering to the C^?'i/?/'.i» Faith, and partly by xMq Chriftian Em-
perours,- for their obftinacy in maintaining the Errour of Diofcorm^.^
one of their Patriarchs,concerning one Nature, one Will, and one Per-
fon in Jefus Chrift. Hiftories tell us,.That the Governour,, under Diodes-
fiari' the Emperour, MalFacred in one Night, ^t Chrijfma^ 80000 who^

were.'

494 Of EGTT T.

were buried at Mount Achmin in the upper E^ypt j and at another time
near Ifna , the fame Governour, or another, put to death fo many as
were i ot to be nuinbered. And Macnz.^ in his Hiftory of the Patri-
archs te;:.ns, That JuJimanthQ Emperour caufed icooco Ccphties to be
killed ^X Alexandria.

The Egyptians^ in old time, were eminent in Arts and Learning,
from them Pythagoroi and Democritus learnt their Philofophy, Licnrgm,
Solon and tlato , their Forms of Government. Here flourilhed the
learned Grammarian, Arijiarchn* • Herodian and Didymns fo well skill'd
in Sciences^ Appi anns tht Hiftorian j C Ptolomem the Geographer *,
Trijmegiflm the Philofopher •, Pamtnm a Reader of Divinity ; Origen^
zxid Clemens Ale xandrinm^ notable in all Learnings Bionyfius-y Athanafim
and Cynl^ Biihops, and the glories of their times.

The Coftei divide the Seafons of the Year thus; AutHmn from the
fifteenth Day of September^ to the fifteenth of December •, Winter from
chence to the fifteenth of .March •, Ppring from thence to the fifteenth
of "JHne ; and Summer from thence to the fifteenth of September.

They begin the Year on the eighth of September^ according to the
Gregorian Style, or on the Twenty eighth of Anguft^ according to the
'Greeks Calender-

They begin their Computation or <iy£ra from the Dioclefian Mafiacre,
and reckon this prefent Year 1687 to be the Year 141 3.

To every Month they allot thirty Days, which makes up three hun-
-dred and fixty> and to corapleat the Year, they add the five at the end
of all.

The prefent Egyptians are generally of an Olive Colour, and the
further thev are from Cairo towards the South, the more tawny, and
toward Nubia blsck, as the Nubians. Their ordinary Vices are Idlc-
refs and Cowardize •• Their ordinary Employment is to take Tobacco,
and drink Coffee : To fleep and lie in an idle place, or fit talking toge- .
ther : Generally ignorant in all manner of Sciences.

In the prefent ftate of Egypt , the Authonr F. Vanflebius tells us
concerning the Crocodile, which is the moft remarkable, and moft ca-
rious Animal belonging x.o Nilta: That (though Eliny affirms it to
be commonly above eighteen Cubits in length) many Hunters of Cro-
codiles have aflured him, that it never grows above a Cubit in length,
in a Year, and when it comes to twelve years old, it grows no more :
That its Eggs are as big as the Eggs of Oltriches, and are fometimes
thirty, never an hundred \ aad as foon as out of its Body , it carries
them to feme Ifland of "Nilm, and puts them in a Hole, and covers
them with Sand, and fo leaves them, till by natural Inftind it knows
that the Young are formed : It goes then and opens the Hole, and

breaks

Of EGTTT 495

Breaks the Shell for the Young to creep out : Of all the Creatures that
live upon the Earth, this alone is without a Tongue, and this alone
moves the upper jaw in eating.

Concerning the Ichneumon^ called by the Arabians^ Nims y by the
Italians^ SorCAdi faraone '^ by the French^ Rat dH t/S-gyfte ^ it is very
true, that it creeps into the Mouth of the Crocodile, enters into its
Belly, which it gnaws to the very Entrails; the like happens to the
Cauiels and wild Beeves, and other Animals, when they fleep in the
Fields.

That which /'//Kyfpeaks concerning the Dolphins, is not lil^ely, for
there are none in the River; But it may be the Tirfe, which is the only
Filh that aflaults the Crocodile.

That which Fliny faith of theTrochilos, requires a farther inquiry 5
for one may ask an hundred Years in ^gyp what tliis Bird is, and yet
get 1I0 account of it. Beitar hith-, there is a certain Bird, as little as
a Teitavy, enters between his Jaws, and eats up Slime and Worms, if
any v and when the Crocodile feels that all is clean, he Ihuts his Moutfr
to°cat the Bird alfo j but Nature hath provided an expedient to fecure
it •, for it hath two fharp pricks on the top of the Birds Head, whicb
when the Crocodile feels, he opens his Jaw again for the Bird to efcape
out.

But the Moors in EgyptkuQ'^ not any Bird that had any prick on the
Head j they told the Authour, That there is in Egypt theSakfak, a Bird
that always kept the Crocodile company, and which lives upon the
lilth and Meat that fticks about the Crocodiles Teeth : So that whether
the Sackfak of the Moors^ or the Bird mentioned by ^«>^r be the Tro-
chilos of flinyy I leave it to the Reader to judge.

That the Crocodile will live a long time without Meat, as Pliny^f^-
firms, is a truth, for the Authour had two which lived a Month without
eating : And the 4-/00^^ fay, they will live forty Days without Nourifli-
ment : They have in all feventv two great Teeth, very (harp, thirtjfr'
fix in the upper, and as many in the lower. Jaw.

Its four Paws are furnifhed with great Iharp Claws, the two fore-feet
have five diftincT:, feparated the one from the other ', the two hinder-
feet have but four, which are all joined together by a thin Skin, as are:
the Feet of Sea-Fowl, as Geefe or Ducks.

The Arabian Authours fay. That it cafls out its Excrements by itSs
Throat, becaufe it hath no Hole under its Tail, and that its Stones^i
liavethe fmellof Musk.; but of this, the Authour had no experience:
of; when the Male covers the Female, fhelieth upon her back, andi
besanfe fhe cannot well turn her ieif again,, the. Maie: turns her^ whefli
hehathi^erformedi-

496 Of E GT P T.

Amongft the rare Trees of E^yph he names the Doumy or the Gum*
Tree, in which are two things remarkable, i. That its Leaves bur ft
forth only at the ends of its Branches, aid in the thick Bunches. 2.
That they are fo equal and even at the end of the Branches, that one
would think they were cut with CilFars. Amongft the Plants he men-
tions one called GefaUht, that grows as big as a Tree.

As to the rare Birds, he hath feen Heads of Oftriches in the De-
^rts, that lead to the Monaftry of St. Anthony^ what he relates
of their hatching their Eggs with their Eyes is very ftrange, and
that the Sciamta is fo ftrong , that it can carry a Man up into the
Air.

That there are fuch a prodigious number of Pidgeons, that they are
fold at the rate of about two hundred and fourty Couple for four Ihil-
lings and fix pence.

Concerning the Pyramids he tells us. That he gaefTes by the place,
that they have been formerly an hundred Pyramids great and fmall j
that they are all built on a Rock, for the greateft is nothing but a Rock
cut as as a Pyramid, and covered over with a Wall of Stone j fo that
"'tis probable that the Stones have been taken from the place, and not
brought from far as fome imagine: That the greateft hath but two
hundred and fix fteps •, and that on the top of it was anciently a
Statue or ColofTus: And on the top of the Sphinx ftands the Head of a
Woman, of an extraordinary bignefs and height.

That the Caves of Egypt are ftrange Curiofities digged in the main
Rocks, the Walls of many of them arc full of Hieroglyphical Figures
carved in the Rock ^ the Colours of them being extream frefh and
beautiful, after fo many Agcsfince. 'Tisfaid that the Kings of Egypt
employed the T/'^eZ/Vfj in digging of them.

At Sacnra, a Village four Hours travellii.g from the Pyramids are
Pits where Mummies are buried.

That at the Church of Gemaine, on a certain Day, they yearly ob-
ferve the Apparitions of fome Saints, which F. Vanjlehm tcWsvis^ are
only from the Reflections of Obje^s, thatpafsby the Church at fome
convenient diftance.

' That the Lodgings of the Seventy Interpreters arc yet ftand-
ing , With theClofetSj where they performed the Work in Alexan-
dria.

The Sdt-pitsand Cifterns near Alexandria are remarkable, for
that the Water of NUm^ the fweeteft and frelheft in the World, makes
a Salt not only whiter than ordinary, but very excellent, having the
tafte of Violets : This quality proceeds from the MVrWitj Earth , for
if fi piece of It be laid in the Sun, it will become white as Snow on

that

Of e G T'PT.

that fide that is towards the Sun. Thefe Lakes of Salt-peter or Nitif^y
yeild every year three thoufand and fix hundred Quintals, fo that every -
Quintal fold for twenty five Mcidins, this Revenue comes to thirty fix
PurfesjOr eighteen thoufand French Crowns yearly.

The Grand Signior hath yearly carried out of £0pf to Co«/?^«fw«7-
^ky in Spanijh Coinand Zequins of Fcnice^ one thoufand two hundred
Purfes, each Purfe containing five hundred Crowns, which makes one
hundred and fifty thoufand pound.

The Tdifmantkk. Science is much ufed in E.gypt. And our Author
tells us, He hath procured all the rare Manulcriptsof theantientefc
and belt Arabian Authors concerning it, and that he hopes one day
to dilcover the admirable Secrets of this Science, and to unfold the
c/£»i^»;<?j under which it lies hid.

^E-gyf^ is generally divided into fourpartSj Thehau now Sahid^ otf
upper Egyff •-) Bechriaox Demtfor^ otherwife middle f^y/^t ;, Err if ^ or
the lower £g;)//>f, and the Coaftof the Red-Sea. Some make only two
Divifions, the Upper and the Lower, following thccourie of NiU^^'
But at prefent Egypt is alfo divided into Twelve Gaciefs, Sangiacutes*
or Governments.

JaqHes Albert reckons thirteen Kajfiiffs or Provincial Jurildictions,
vi^, Clirgio or Sahid-y Maftfclo^t-, Benefkef-,Fiam, G'iz.e ^Bonherai or Baera-^
Garbiay Menonjia^ Manfonray KaSioubich Minio^ Cherkeffi-i and Kattia :
But the Divm^ or Council of Gran Caira will not allow Kattia to be
numbered with the reft. F. ranJH. t€lls us There are thiyi^y iix^^aciel^.
or petty Governors. ::)!«; io jls3^;rJo;^^^oiH/l';v^^;J:' -•.?•' r/r^-? it'*

Strabo of old divided it into thirty I«ven Parts, by the Greeks called
A^noi : Vtolomy enlarged it to forty j and Herodotus reduced it to
twenty eight \ But thirty feven feems moft agreeing to the rtiyfteri-
ous Temple or Labyrinth, (on the South fide of the City of Alexan-
dria, near the Lake Mereotis, and adjoyningtothe Sepjlchersof King
Meris and his Wife) in the raidft whereof were thirty feven Palaces
belonging to the thirty feven Jurifdidions of Eppt^ whereof ten in
Thebaes, ten in Efelta^ and feventeen in the middle Region j unto
which reforted the feveral Prefidents, who had there their particular
Temples to celebrate the Feltivals of their Gods. There were alfo
fifteen Chappels, containing eacha A'fwf/.f toadvife of M.tters of Im-
portance concerning the General Welfare.

Among the Cities, Caire iscall'd the Great, in refped of the advan-
tages, which it has above all the Cities of Africa. It is three Leagues
Lower, and upon the oppofite fide to that place, where ftood the antient
Memphis. The Caftle, which is built upon the rifing ground, has the
nobleft profpeft, and enjoys the beft Air in the World. It is one

S f f of

49§ <? E13TPT.

of tbe largeft, and moft Magnificent, and counted the ftrongeft that
ever was contrived : But the laft relation of 1627, fays, it hath loft
much 6f its antient Splendor, and it is not new of any ftrength : It is
not of Marble as fome relate, but beautifi'd with feveral pieces of
Mdfaic work. In the Caftle Gun-powder is made in two Rooms, in each
of- which are twelve Pewter iMortars, with Iron Peltlcs to pound the In-
gredients, which receive their motion from a long Pole, that anfwers-
to a Beam that ftands in the middle of a Chamber, which a Horfe
turns round. The Water of 2V//e is convey'd thither by an Aqueduct
of an Hundred and fifty Arches. The Inhabitants of Cairo rauft needs
be very numerous ^ it being averr'd, that in the year i<Ji8, thercdy'd
above fix hundred thoufand People of the Peftilence, and yet there
was no mils of the Inhabitants. And our Author tells us, That the
Arch-bifhop of Mount Sinai told him, That the Plague of 1671, or
1&72, had fwept away 680000 poor Perfons, but of the richer fort
fcarce four hundred were dead. In fliort, they fay, it contains two -
hundred thoufand Houfes, eighteen thoufand confiderable Streets, and
is in Compafs about twenty fiveor thirty Leagues. But then you
muft take in the Old as well as the New Cairo^ Fejiat, Babylon^ Charafi'aty
and the Boulac^ that joyns to it : For the New C^;Vo it felf is not fa
big as Paris. The People ride in the Streets upon Afles, as we make
life of Sedans 5 not but there areHorfesin ^iyph but the 7«r^x have
introduc'd thisCuftcni to preferve the Horfes for themfelves. The
Inhabitants of Cairo make thole fair Carpets which we call Titrkie
Carpets. Five Miles South Eafl: of the Pyramids, and two from the
Nilns Weft ftood the Regal City of Me^phis^ the Strength and Glory of
old ^gypt, where was the Temple of ^%j, and the fumptuous Tem-
ple of Fnlcan. Here ftood the Fane of l^enus^ and that of Serapis. A
City once adorned with a World of Antiquities, but now the Ruins
are almoft ruinated. • '

-Befides thc'Pyramds and the Mummies^ which are about fix Leagues
from Caire, all Travellers are curious to fee Jofephs Well and his Gra-
rfaries. About two Leagues alfo from Caire is to be feen the Matarea,
MafTarca^ or retiring place of the Virgin, with a Fountain, which,
togethet with thatat Crf/V<7, is the only Spring Water of E^)'/)/-. But
the Plant, or Balm trees, which bears the true Balfom, and which was
brought from the Holy Land, by thecare oiCUopatra^ and the permifTion
of Antony^ is quite loft. As alfo the Sycamore Tree which fplitin tw©
to iiide our Lord jefus Chrift,and his moft Holy Mother,w hen the Soldiers
of Herod purfuedthem.

Sahid formerly Thebes-, Diofpolis & Heliopolis D. Sicuh, Solis Op-
fidnm Plin. which had a hundred Gates, was the Refidence of the

l^iypttAH

Of BQfPt

B^y^tm KiDgf, who afterwards rew^ov'tl to A'tx^m^n^t. thence' to
Memphis^2nd laftly to Caire. The Modern Relations call this City (^'eypk'%-
and make it the Relidence of a Baflja^ affirming that only the Province
bears the Name of S,ihid; called Hecatompylos, znd in the Cojp^iryDr-''
(ftionaries, y^ntwoeandThebes^ t\ovj Jnfme-itefteyf^anjteb. Its Mountains'^
and Iflands are as great Curiofities as any in %;K' As alfo the Pillar
of MarcHs ^urelifis^ and the Arch of Triumph, and the Hieroglyphick
Cave where the Colours of the Figures are very i^eaatifijl and lively,
^during fo many Ages pafTed •• Now Mi/'jio^tefieSanfofi. , .

Alexandria-, Scandertc^ Tnrcis & Arabibas. Hebmis, No^ built by ^tex"
anderthQ Great, was formerly one of the befl Cities in all u^frKfa next
to Carthagcy where the Ptolomies and Cleopatrakz^t their Courts. ,R^-^
was adorned with many (lately Edifices, the moft famous whereof were
the Serafian., which for the curious Workmanfhip, and ftatelinefs of:
Building was not inferior to the Ro7}ian Capitol. The Library of
Ttolomy Philadelphns^ founded the year after the Creation of the
World 3704? or by others 3680, is faid to countain 400000, or, as
others write, 700000 Volumes, The Obeliskf full of £^^/^f/^« Hiero-
glyphicks of avaft bignefs, and of an intire Stone. When this City-
was fubjedtothe Romansy it contributed to them more in one Months
than Jemfakm in a whole year. Formerly the Tower of Pharos flood
not far from it, one of the feven W^onders of the World. The Pil-
lar of Po/»pey leans on one fide, occafioned by the ArAblms digging,
and under-mining of it, in fearching for a great Treafury hid under
it, as they believe. The City enjoys a fmall Trade to this day, by
reafon of its two Ports, or Havens *, and is the Seat of a Patriarch.
St. Mark^dMd St. C?fW?«^have render'd it famous in Ecclefialtical Hi-
ftory, and in the Deferts of St. Macarius^ where were reckon'd to
be above three hundred Monafteries which lie to the Weft: of it. But
now of all thofe Monafteries there are but two remarkable, that of
thtSyrianSy and Amba Bifcici.

Damietta^ by the jirabUns DamUt^ Tamiatis^ or Tamiathis, tefie
GmUndino^ about eight Miles from the mouth of NHhs : Next to Cairo
it is the greateft, moll beautiful, the richefl, the m.oft populous, and
fulleft of Merchants of all Pgypt- It is built upon the River Nilus'in
form of an half Moon : But it hath no Walls, nor Fortifications,, only
a round high Tower, where there is neither Watch, nor Warq,
nor Guns, yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it, by
the Chriftian Arisies, and the taking of it, A?ino. I2r8, and 1249,
The Trade of this City is in Linnen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours,
Coffee and Rice, of which laft there is every year above five hundred
Ships great and fmall loaded out of TH-kie, The pickled Mullets

S f f 2 here

50O Of EGYPT.

here are highly efteetned all over the Levant. The Town is govern-
ed by an -/^^^, izul l\\\l\\^V by tht Pacha oi Cairo.

ManfoHra is fituate upon the Eaftiide of the Nilas. Here St. Lewis th&
French King was taken Prifoncr by Siltan 5<«/f^, in the Hiftory of the
Holy War, tranflated out of theFrew^, 'tis called Ar^/<?/. Its antient
Name I find not, by its fituation it fhonld be near unto the Tanis of Strabo
and Ptol. zhtTaphms. Ez,ekteli. ;

Pehijium^ called Belhais, by IV. of Tyre t noW Calixenej.tefie Bonac-
ciola^ was the Birth-place of ■Pfo/*?^;' the Geographer, and the Epifco-
pal Seat of Ifidore.

Rofetta Jtalis, Rafchit Turcu, the, Metelis of Ptol. and MeUy tejie
Ben. Tndelenfi.^ Bolbitina^ tefie f^illano.^ & Mol. aliis., CanofHs : But by
Ziegler^ Bocher-, or Bichieri., vulgo C, d. Becury is the Canof>Hs from Ca-
nohns. Menelansy P/Vof was here buried, and where flood the Temple of
Serafis.

According to F. y'anflebiHs^ Fuvayor Fuoa feated upon theEalt fide of
iVi/«j, feven hours from B^fena, was by the Greeks called Metelfs,2Lnd in
the G»pf/>jDi<flionary^/^e^/, which he iaith is very antient, a great and
confiderable Town, in a delightful Territory of pleafant Fields and
Gardens^ and that Gczjrety or the Ifland of Gold, is over againft this
City.

At Rofetta tht-Nilns hath two Branches or Mouths which run in-
to the Sea, which are guarded with two Caftles, that which is about
a Mile and a half from Rofetta^ is a Iquare encompafled with ftrong Walls,
bailt according to the old way, having four Towers furniflied with
ieventy four Pieces of Cannon, whereof feven are of an extraordinary
bignefs. The other Caftle is but a Mofque, before it ftand fsven Pieces
of Artillery on the Ground-

The Waters of ^-«4^/>isa GuIphorPool, whofe, Waters are very
fait, and comes not from Nilns.

BeneftiMf is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Flirt, tefte J, Leone, the Her-
fnetuy 2nd Hermopolis PtoU Here P<2» and Hircns v/zxt Worfhippedjff^^
Zaz^omem in Hijioria Ecclefiaflica : 'Tis now called Ifchc/nnnew^ tefte-
l^anfeb.

SemirtaHt^t\[tznUtniSebennis^ot Sebenit^tejie Fanpb. St nrione Negro y
is a great Town feated on the Weft fide of NiIhs^ where the Barks that
fall for CW/ro pay Cuftom. The Cuftom-houfe is built upon a Ship in
fhe River.

Mitgamr^ is a very beautiful and large Town, in the middle way be-
tween Damiata and Cairo^on the Eaft fide of Ntlut , and over againft it. is
Sa/f€ a fair and large Town-

Of E GTT T. ^oi

Chana is the Ombri or Omtfros , Juvenal, tefte Ottel. rather Cophtef
tejle Ramnfio: forty four Miles from Theba^ and three hundred from
Alexandria.

Algnechet is the Oajis Magna of Herod. Ptol. Uc. Anafis^ Strab, Avafs
alist now Gudeme^.) Zieglero.

El'Eocathf or Eleochet is the Oa/is parva. At.agAr Barria^
AhMtich ov A'^hftng is the zuc'icnt Jbydns-i tcfi Caji. & MoL
Sttes^ or SHez,.i tht Refidium oi Strabo^ iht Ay/i me znd Clecfatris Ptol.
tefie Ziegltro^ which contains not above two hundred Houfcs, with a
bad Port, is neverthelefs the Turks Arlenal upon the Red-Sea. The-
Haven is fmall and fhallow, for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into
it, till they are half unladen •, which is the reafon that moll of the
Vellels lie in the Rode, where they are more fecure than in the Port.
The Governour keeps two fmall Gallies, and fome other Vellels, to
maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea. The Commodities of the Eafi
Indies were heretofore brought thither, and then convey'd into £//ropf ;
but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce, by reafon of the
fettlement of the Chriftians in the Indies. The Ships fet out from Sh^s
in the Spring and Summer, when the North Wind blows ^ the South
Windsbeingmoftconftant in Winter and Autumn. Cojfir for^nerly Be-
renice^ was the Port whither the Romans ordered all Goods to be brcught
that came from the Eaft Indies ^ which from thence were carryed the
neareftway by theiV^'/r to the City of Coptos^ now call'd Gew^. Euga
in the moft Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom, according to the
Relations of t<557, tributary to the >4^^j(//«j.

TheancientTown of Arfmoe fituated near Finmh totally ruined, no-
thing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruines
andRubbifhof the Town, once one of the moft great and glorious
Cities of Egypt,

The Monaftety of St. Anthony hath no Gate, but Men and Beafts are
all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley, it hath about two thoufand
tour hundred Acres within the Wall.

5/«f, called in Greek. Lycopoli^., tefie f^anjl. but Baud, tells us , Lyca-
polis is now Mmia^ tefie Mot. is one of the moft famous Towns of
the Upper Tgyph feated at the foot of a barren Mountain, that flands
on the Weft fide about half a League from NiUts : The Town is
great and populous, full of Chr^fiian Ce/phties) where is a Cave cut in
the Rocky large enough to draw up in Battalia one thoufand
Horfe.

Tahta is (eated near the Ruins of the antientTown, Abmig C2\h6. by
the Cophties '*OT9i)u, upon the Banks of NiUs about two days journey
from StHt towards the Soutli.

■ iThe Monaftery of St. Senodm tfae Jrchimandme^ firnamed the Whitby
is built neartheRuins of the Antient Town Adrihe^ where are the
Remains of one of the .molt Magnificent Structures that hath been in

Minie is an antient, great and fair. Town on the Weft fide of NiliiSy
where are made the Z^W^i^'Wfj, or Water-pots, which ?re fo high'ly
efteemed at C^/ro.

Jfne^ Far.jl. Afna^ J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. & Diod. four hundred
and fifty Miles from Alexandria: Jfvan^ AJnan^ or Afuam^ is thtMe-
tacompfaof PtoUTacomfjon Plin.Tachemimpto A4cU-itefie Zieglero. T not is
Eleven Leagues North of Jf;ia, on the Eaft of NihtSy where is a
Temple of the Antient Egyptians.

Armem is twelve Leagues from Tuot^ now ruined and forfaken, where
the EgyptiansbtVxz^Q^ Mofes was born.

At Lnxer two Leagues from 7«(?f, areto be feen the Remains of an
antient and beautiful Temple, in which are feventy eight Pillars of a
prodigious bignefs, and at the Old Luxer is an antient Palace, whofe
Ruins (hew, that it hath been very glorious.

Bethfamesy was one of the chief Cities of Ramafis^ or Gojhen-

Abydusy now Ahtitich-, once the Royal Seat of Mtmnon^ renowned for
the Temple ofOfiris^ and the Statue of Memnon.

The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis^ now Lago de Amacon. Sehak^
Fanfleb. the other Meeris^ now called Buchiana, or Kern-, f^anjleb.

JBILEDVLGERID

BILEDVLGERID and Z^JARJ:

5^r

'l^^X tFRzit Sz£A^^zan^£Aa2^

BILEDVLGE RID, Z^A ARA.

&c.

Blledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients, where
inhabited the G^r^/^V'it fignifies a Country plentiful in Dates.
Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants. This part
of Africa extends from Eafl: to Weft, almofl as far as Barbary. Its
principal Parts are Shs or Tejfet^ Darha, Segelomefa-, Jegorarin, Zeb and?
M(:LZ,abyTechonznd Gner^Hla-y B-UedtdgeridyZXi^ the Deferts of Barca.

504 Of EGYPT,

Sus by SanmHsiscSilkd Tejfet^ to diflinguilh it from that in the King-
dom of Morocco : Itisfaidto have many Towns, Cafllesand Villages.
Its Inhabitants are Beriberes^ Africans ox ^^i ah i.

Teffet is a Town of about four hundred Hoa^fes.

Darha, its chief Town bears the lame name, lea ted upon a River, alio
fa called.

Segelomejfa is one of the greateft and belb Provinces of Biledklgerid^
whofe chief City bears the fame name, containing fcveraj fraall
Eftates.

Tegorarin hath more than fifty walled Towns, and one hundred and
fifty Villages.

Zeb and Mez^b are much troubled with Scorpions, whofe biting is
mortal.

The Eftates of r^cW? and GnerguU have each their Prince \ yet pay
Tribute to Jlper.

Bikdulgerid, or Beled-Elgered contains the Eftates of Gademes, Fez.-
z.en and leorre^H) the chief City is CaphfAy the Capha faid to be built by
the Lybian Hercules.

There are in Bikdhlgerid fome few Mahometan Kings, whofe power
is very inconliderable. The Arabians under their Cheicl^s or CheifSf
arevery ftronginHorfe, and would be able to attempt great things,
were they not fo much at War among themlelves. Sometimes they
allift the T«ri^j, fometimes the King of A/oroccoznd Fez. The change
of Governments, and diverilty of Languages has made a great altera-
tion in the Names of the Cities. The Arabians are great Hunters of
Oftridges, as getting great profit by it. For they fell the Feathers, eat
the Fiefh, make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in ^ they
divine by the Heart, they make their Medicaments or the Fat, and
Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks.

Mount^/^j extends fome of its Limbs into ^//f^«/^m^. And the
Cape of Non was for a good while the furtheft fhore of the Portugal
Navigation-

Zahara or Zaara fignines a Delert : And is part of that which the
Antients called Lyhiaiw terior, where lived the Antient GetuUarA Cara-
. mantes.

- The Getuli were a People of the Interior Lyhia., Vagrants having

DO certain fixed Habitation, tejle Silio & Mela : By Pliny they are

placed in Mauritania Cafarienjis, next to the Majfdfylis. By Ptolomy

in Lyhia interior near to Dara : By Honorius between Carthage and

^^umidia-

Thefe

B ILEDVLGERID a^d Zi,J J R J. 505

There is nothing to be feen but Sand, Mountains, and Scorpions ;
for which reafon the Inhabitants wear Boots to preferve themfelves
from being bitten by thofe Animals. Neverthelefs, theAir is whole-
fome, and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to
recover their Health. The Arabians make three Divifions of it j Cebelt
where the Sand is fmall without any greennefs. Zaara^ where it is
all Gravel, and fomewhat green. And Afgar full of Lake?, Grafs
and Shrubs. Travellers muft provide themfelves of ail neceiTaries.
For the Houfes and Wells are fo far diftant one from another, that a
Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together, and not meet either
with Lodging or Water, In one of thefs Deferts, a Marchant fuf-
fer'd fo fevere a Drowth, that he gave ten thoufand Duckets for a
glafs of Water ; and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had re-
ceiv'd the Money. Men are forc'd fometimes to bury themfelves
in the Sands, to avoid the Lions, and other Wild Beafts, that make
amoft dreadful roaring in the Night. The Natives are for the molt
part Shepherds, and the beft Huntfmen in the World, but very mife-
rable. Some of them are Mahnmetans^ but the molt part Libertines.
Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pafs
through the Country. Their other Revenue confifts in Cattle; and
when they value the Wealth of a Man, they ask how many Camels he
hath.

.There are reckon'd to be five principal Deierts, Zanhaga^,Ziienz,iga^
wherein there are Salt-Pits, T^rg-^, Z,^;»;)f^ and Berdoa^ to which fome
add Borno and Gaoga. The Ghir^ v/hich is their biggeft River, makes
fome very confiderable Lakes, and is loll in the Sands, in feveral places
as it runs ^ the RioOmo., wasfocall'd by the Portngals, by reafon of
Gold which they found in it, at their firft coming This River runs
under the Tropic through Defert Countries, with ten or twelve Arms
toward the end of itscourfe. The Coall to Cape Bejardo is nothing
but white and grey Sand-hills, overgrown with vvildBulrufhes.

Nigritia^ or the Land of the Blacks feems to be fo call'd from the
Antient Nigntes, fo term'd alfo from the blacknefs of their Com-
plexion .-Or elfe from the Colourof the Earth, which in fome parts
isall fcorched, and burnt up by[the exccflive Heat. Thz Niger fon e
what qualifies the Heat of the Country ^ but the Rains oc afion fe-
veral Difeafes.. Cape Blanco, or Caput Jlbiim^ is a long extent of
Sand, as hard as a Rock, about ten or twelve Cubits high, with a
fpacious Port, v^here Ships ride fafe, whatever Wind, for the
moll pact, blows. Arguin-, a Caftle in a fiiiali Ifland, belongs to .the

T. t t kioUanders

5o6 BILEDVLGERJD and K.AARA.

Hollanders. Barks may go up the River of Sair.c John^ and there
Trade with the Negro's for Oftridge Feathers, Gums, Amber, and
fomefmall parcels of Gold, 5f/?e^/?, one of the principal Arms of
Niger^ is not above a League over at the Mouth. The Coaft to the
North of Senega is very low, not to be fecn hardly twelve Leagues
off the Road of Cape V'erd- the Afimrinm fromontorium., tefie Barrio.
M^-^ncand^n 2^^ Befcnege^ Thev. Kyjfadiumpromom. tefie Nigra., is about
twelve Fathom deep, with a gray Sand at the bottom. The FUmijlj
Itland, or Goree.^ is fortified with a Platform flanked with four Ba-
ftions, with a Itrong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the
Weft part of the Ifland, where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may
Ride. The Road is good, but there is little frefh Water. Rafrife^ue
is a very convenient retiring place. Gambia is sbout five Leagues
over at the Mouth i but is not Navigable for Barks above ftxty
Leagues, by reafon of the Sands and Rocks In it. Some fay, thatthe
Port Hgals go up ttiQ Niger .f as far as the Kingdom of Benirij which is
above eight hundred Leagues : That the Danes pofiefs Camozi, to-
ward that part where Niger divides it felf , That Niger makes feve-
ral Lakes, upon which arc built many fine Cities, from whence there
go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barhary. The Negro'^s are very fim-
ple. Idolaters toward the Sea, and AUhnmetans in the Ifland Coun-
try. They have fome very confiderable Kingdoms, but the greateft
part of their Cities are not fo good as our Villages ^ the Houfes be-
ing built of Wood, Chalk and Straw ^ and many times one of thefe
Cities make a Kingdom, The laft Kings of Tombote were reported
to have great Itore of Gold in Bars and Ingots. The Kingdom of
C^rf/^f^ affords Millet. G enehoa is v'lch m Cotton : In that of .^gades
ftands a City indifferently well built. Bomo., formerly the Country
of the Garamantesj is inhabited by a People that have all things in
common, every particular perfon acknowledging them for his Children,
which are moft like ,em^ the moft flat nos'd being accounted the
moft beautiful. They of Senega trade in Slaves, Gold-duft, Hides,
Gums and Civits. The Negro's they are very ftrong, and therefore
bear a better price j thole of Gmry are good, but not fo ftrong, for
which reafon they are ufually put to work within doors. 'Tis the
Proverb, that he that would have good fervice from a Negro muft
give him little Meat, keep him to hard Labour, and beat him often.
Tothe South of N'tgerlk feveral little Kmgdoms, that of Melli, with
a City containing fix thoufand Houfes. Gagcy abounding in Gold.
Zagregf confiderable for its Trade. Zanfara., fertile in Cofn. To
reckon any more of their Towns, would be as tedious as unneceflary,

BILEDVLGE RID, and X^AAKA. 50 ^

as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade. And indeed all theft
Kingdoms and People are fa« little known, that 'tis not worth the time
and pains to fpeak raore of them.

I Ihall only fay. That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of
Gharia or Canoy of its Gieatnefs, Riches and Trade, of its King, Go-
vernment, Palace, &c. But how far to be credited mull be left to thofs
who have been in thofe parts, iht Portfi^als zniXHollmdtrs^ having been
the chief Traders on thefe Coafbs.

Of G V I N r.

GViny is a long Coaft of Land, contained between the Cape of S'ma
Lcotie^on the Wefl, and the K'ivqv Cameroftes on the Eaft, contain-
ing about feven or eight hundred Leagues in lentgh,and not above one
hundred, or one hundred and fifty, in breadth : It is divided into
three principal Parts, called MaUgnete-, Cuiny and Benin. Under the
Name of Adalagaete^ is contained all that Land between the Capes of
Sirra Leone^ and Palmas, and is fo called from the abundance of A^fale-
guete^z fort of Spice like Pepper, but much ftronger than that of India •,
and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as llrong as thebeft of ours.

Gniny extends from Cape Palmas, to the River Foltusj it is the larg-
cft and belt known of all the three Parts ^ its Coaft from Cape Palmas to
Cape three Pmiias^ is called the Ivory Coaji^ that which is beyond it is call-
ed the Gold Coafi-, where are the Kingdoms of Sabon^ FoetM, Accara^ and
others. The Kingdom of ^f«/>;, which is the third Part, hath more
than two hundred and fifty Leaguesin length. Cape Formofa^ dividing
it into two parts, its principal City fo called is efteemcd tne greateft
and beft built of any in G'/i^^y, the King thereof is faid to keep five or
{iK hundred Wives.

The whole Coaft of Guiny is fubjed to fuch exceflive heats, that
were it not for the Rains, and the coolnefs of the Nights, it woald be
altogether unhabitable. It furnifhes other Countries with Parats,
Apes, White Salt, Elephants Teeth, Hides, Cotton, Wax, Amber-
greefe. Gold and Slaves. The Natives are reputed to be prefumptuous,
Thieves, Idolaters, and very fupcrftitious keeping their Feltifoei day or
Sabbath on the Thnrfday^ there is Sjint Gsorge of the Mine, built by
the PortHgals^ but now in the pofieflion of the HolUnder^ as alfo
the Porti NaJJaH^ Ccrmemin^ and Axima, To the Enghfi^ among others
belongs Cape Ccrfe, and to the Danes^ Frederic's-burgh. The beft
City that belongs to the Negro's is Arda^ toward the ^Coaft in Benwj

T t t 2 Guiny

5o8 BILE DVLG ERJD afjd.X.JJ R A.

GovernM by a King, who fent an EmbafTador to Paris toward the'endof
the year 1670 for the fettiement of a Trade. The Baboons in Gmny do
the Natives very great pieces of iervice, for they fetch Water, turn
■the Spit, and wait at Table, &c.

isj'ubia^ is three hundred Leagues in length, and two hundred in
breadth. It preferves fome remains ofchrifiiamfmy in the old Churches,
and in their Ceremonies of Baptiim. The A^«^i^?;7j are under a King,
who always keeps a Body of Horie upon the Frontiers of his King-
dom, as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours, the Jhyjfms and
THrkifi} Hifloriar.s credi')ly relate, that an Army of one hundred
thoufand Horfe was rais'd, and lead sgunft one of the Governors of
E^^ypt^ by a King of Nubia. Out of this Country the Marchants ex-
port Gold, Civet, Sandal-wood, Ivory, Arms and Cloath. The Npi-
bians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Cairo^t and other Cities of that
Country. They have a fubtile and penetrating Poyfon, an ounce
whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats. Infomuch that one of the
principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties,, which he receives for
the Exportation of this Poyfon. They fell it toftrangers, upon con-
dition they (hall not make ufe of it, within the Kingdom. There grow
Sugar-Canes in the Country, but the Natives know not what to do with
them. There are among them a fort of Bereberes., of the Muflelman Re-
ligion, who travel in Troops to Cairo., where they put themfelves into
fervice, and retura again, as foon as they have gotten or twelve Piafters
together. The Capital Cities are Nubia., and Dancala^ near to Nile.
The reft fo little known, that it fuffices to fee their names in the Maps.
A Relation made in the year 1670, tells us. That the King of Dancala
pays a Tribute in Linnen Cloath, to the King of thQ -^byjfws. Geo-
graphy is in fome meafure beholding to this Country, as being the place
that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer.

X '^

Of ETHIOPIA,

So little of Truth bath been comtnankated to '^s P"' °f
the World concerning B.hifa, that hav.ng met w.thth|
BM^kK Hiftory of job. Udolfns, which is the molt exaft

5ro Of E T H I 0 P I A.

Account extant : I have beer, the larger in .takicg an Abftraft of

nm' if""'' ^\"''5.A«hor tells m, in J.fric^ above f?™ bevond
N»h,^, bctweenthe eighth and taeerth Decree of North lSh.
contrary to all our Maps extant, which extends i felf o the fonr
teenth or fifteenth Degree SouthLaft.de : So that ttleRehonr

oS'o'fn '""' ''T "'°'''''" fo-hLn,dredandeghfy Mto
of fixty to a Degree ; but according to the old Maos ifwas more

than one thoufand eight hundred of the fame Mii». ; and tL length^? it

IS about lix hundred Miles from the R.J-Sea, at the Port of S„ .

theR.,er N.lus, at the fartheit limits of d/JL ^'""'' '°

by the I'o.,«^^h F„„^,.^ a part of the anient Nnhia, towards the F.ft
It was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea : B„t nowThe f«r^r.r.
Matters ot.*,k^., the IHandV^w.,, and all that Coaft ont. T
^Pnnceof D.^caU, who Commands the Port of^X^fa FrieL t«
n/ff'T •■ ^^tij'King of Mel, a ^.te«.«.,., upon the ftraitt
them """^ (the Dreadful Mouth) is a 'proFeft EnemJ t"

Towards the South, the barbarous Nation of theGalU:,s Iiave ,i
uf'^ V-^^^ °' P"^^'^"^ "le Kingdoms of D^wZ bZ f2V

and E.,re. the Southern Bounds : Laftly, the SmIITI^
iV^.rowl,ng_throu,h feveral vaft Deferts"' dSfe u^^he fern ,

The Inhabitants are now called Hibelfme,, ylheffms nr yfl, ir
nilies Confufion or mixture of Peoole • XI,? ,, ' "'""s^ •"^"fj* I'g-

ron>,^als, ^i„.: But they ge'erallv caluh.ir v j ' f*''-^ ' «''=
^^>/j) and themfclves /U-> ' '^ 5- • an'lllS d?"^'^ (^-
XK ?"'!<"."/ °'' '*-''^'' °^ 'he Land of T-al^thatkvZ'J'''^

^..K-«,y-A ^'^th^tTdreVu o°„s*::'"¥hT^^^ ■

frePerJoh» ^ "^ "" ■^''?'^' ="<^ 'o"'^ the Kingdom of

P. Nic9laus

Of E T H I 0 P I J. 511:

P. NicoUhs GodignHs^ from John Sabriel^ a Portuguefe Colonel, that
had been many years there, aflerts twenty fix Kingdoms, and four-
teen Provinces : But Job Ludolphm^ m hisHiftory reckons thcfc,
I. ^^/»W^ the moil: Noble, where are thofe inaccefcble and fortified
Rocks, Gelhen^ and ^mbacel, where formerly the Kings Sons were ie-
cured-, 2. Angot-^ 3. Ba^mder, in the old Maps BagJimidriy a large
and fertile Kingdom, Watered with many Rivers : 4. Balli, the finll
fubdued by the CaUum ; 5. Biz-inmo : 6. Bugna : 7. Cambatay the
Inhabitants whereof are called Hadea : 8. Cont^ by the TortngalscaWQdi
Conch. 9. Damot : 10. Dawaro : n. Dentbeja, or Dembea^ now fa-
mous for the Royal Camp continually pitched there : 1 2. EriA-cta^ by
the Port Hgals, Narea -^ ^ud by GordinPUy Nerea : ig. Tat agar : 14. Ga-
fat. 15. Gajghe : 16. G'.!2« : 17. C^^w^ : 18. Ghedm : ip. Gojam,
Goyame in the Maps, famous for the Fountains of Nik therein now
difcovered : 20. Gombo : 21. Gonga, 22. Gmaghe \ 25. Ijat. i^.Sa^
men^ by Tellez^ius Cemen : 25. 5f^. 26. 5^jy^, or Shewa^ by the
PortHgals Xoa^ OX Xaoa-t a very large and opulent Kingdom .• 27. Shat^
by the Pormgals Xat : 28. T^^re, or Tegra^ one of the principal and
molt fertile Kingdoms, where the former Kings kept their Courts at
Axttma : 29. Is IValaka-^ by the Pormgals Oleca, or Holeca : The
30. PTi?^, by the Pormgals^ Ogge -^ of all thefe the King of the -^-
hejfines enjoys at prelent Ambara-, Bagemder, Cambata-, Damot^ Dembea,
Enareaj, Gojam-, Samm^ and Saxvay with the Provinces of Emfras,
Maz.agaj T^iagadej Wagara, and Walkayt^ to which w€ msy add the
Coafb of Abaxy oh de Abexm, whole chief places are Sna^uem^ PtoU-
mais Ferarum of old- Ercoco^ or Argtiico, the Anliton Pltn. Adulii Steph,
Adule Ptol. and ZeitayOr Aaece Gtirele^ the Avalites of the Antients .•
The two firft places belong to the Turkey the lalb to the King of
Adel.

The Air is various, in low and open places the heat of the Sun is
intolerable, as the Coaft of the ^^^-Sf^, and the Iflands, efpecially
at Sihaqneny it excoiiates the Skin, melts hard Indian Wax in a Cabinet,
and fears your Shoes like a red hot Iron : But the higher you afcend the
Mountains from the Coaft of the Red-Sea, the more temperate you fhall
feel the Air, which is generally healthy.

Their Thunders are dreadful, ratling continually, with Lightning
inceflantly flafhing : Their Rains are violent, pouring from the Clouds, ,
not by Drops, but by Streams^ and the Earth alfo opens her Mouth,
and vomits up Water, which renders their Winters for three Months
very unpleafant, tedious and troublefome. They have a Whirlwind,
which they call Sf«^i?, which iignifies a Snake, fo furious, that it throws
^own all before it^ Houfes, Oaks, &c.

.1 ' I'berg.^-

5^2 Of E T H I 0 P I A,

There are properly but three Seafons amoag the ^bijfines, viz., the
Spring, orfeafonof Flowers, which begins upon the iph. of Septem"
ber^ called Mat^am : Then the Summer which may be divided into
two parts, the ieafon of Harvellb or Autumn, which begins upon the
z%th. of December^ c2.\\QdiTz.adai: The Summer Seafon called u4agm^
which, my Author faith, begins upon the 25^^. of Jnne^ butl fuppofe
rather the 2%th. of March, for it mufb follow their Harveft and Au-
tumn. And then their Cramp or Winter begins on the i^th of
Jftfje : So that our Summer is their Winter. Butupon the Coall of
thQ Red-Sea. there their Winter is in November^ December 2nd Jamaryy
as in Em-ope., which fufliciently convinceth what fome Geographers affirm,
that the Perioeciy orthofe that dwell under the fame Meridian) have the
fame Winter and Summer.

-^^^jf/i^ abounds in Gold, which is found in thefhallcws of Rivers in
Damota., and Enarea., upon the fuperficies of the Earth, and is thexhief-
eft Tribute which they pay.

In the confines of Tigra and Angora are natural Mountains of Salt ;
in the Mountains it is foft, but in the Air it hardens, from whence it
is conveyed in Caravans or Cafilas, and vended through all the neigh-
bouring Countries, andferves them inftead of Money, to buy all things
not much defired : Gems and Jewels are in Ethiopia, but black Lead they
more efteem of to black their Eye-brows : And for Iron they find it in
great plenty upon the fuperficies of the Earth.

All Ethiopia, is very Mountainous, between which are immenfe
Gulphs, and dreadful profundities among the Mountains : Lamal'
mona lifts up her head more loftily than the reH, and is molt dange-
rous •• But the moft famous are Amha-Gcfiun, and Ambactl in the
Kingdom of Amhara, where thQ'Ethiopic Princes ufed to be caged"
up. And in our old Maps and Globes, called Jmara, and placed
under the EquincdiaL In thefe Mountains the Inhabitants breathe a
ferene Air; and they are asfo many Callles, not only for Habitation,
affording pleafant Springs j but for defence againft their Enemies, th€
Addenfes and Gallaris, for fome of thefe Mountains are fo craggy and
precipitous, that there is ro way to get up witho-t Ladders, and
Cattle are drawn up with Cords. T(f//e2L/:«4 writes, that the Alps and
Pyrensans compared with ihz Abefm Mountains are bat low Hills:
And the Portugal Mounts are but trifles to them, The tops of fome
"of them are very Ipatious, with Fields, Woods, Fifli- ponds andrun-
ing Streams, as Amha-^ Dorbo, &€• The temperature of ihe Air mskes
the Country healthful, and maintains a vivacity in t!ie Inhabitants,
/jmeiimes to an hundred years : Only in Tygra about the beginning cf

the

Of E T H I 0 P I J. 513

the Ethiopick^Springy which is in the Month of Septemher and OBober,
Feavers are jife.

He rationally conceives,that the Rivers flowing from the Mountains
in this Country, take their rife from the Rain-water, infinuating it
felf into the Pores of the Earth, and Clefts of Rocks, and fo paffing
into fubterraneous Vaults •, oblerving, that in thofe Countries where
there is little or no Rain, there are few or no Fountains ; and that
where there is much, they abound-

He tell$ us that Nil^j which for the length of its Coiirie, the a-
bundance of its Waters, its fweetnefs, wholfomenefs and fertility, ex-
ceeds all the Rivers in the World, owes its rife to the Kingdom of
Gojam in Habejfiniay found out by the Travels of the Portngals^ and
by the fedulity of the Fathers, which was fo long and unfaccelsfu'ly
fought for by the Antients, and Kircher\\zt\\ defcribed them from the
relaLion of Peter Pays^ who faw them him felf, which differs not much
from whzt Gregory an Ethiopian hath written of it, viz^. That it hath
five Heads, that it incircles Gojam, and pafling by feveral Kingdoms of
HabajfiHi reviews the Kingdom of Senna^ and travels to the Country
of Dengda : Thence it turns to the right hand, and comes to a Goun«»
"try, caUed y^l'^i;w,before it arrives in M/^M,where by reafonof Clifts
and Rocks, its Stream is divided into two Branches, one running
South to drench the thirfty Fields oi Egypt, the other Weft to quench
the drowth of thofe Sands in the Country of the Negrites^ It is cal-
led in the Scripture Skihhor from its darknefs, becaule it carries Wa-
ters troubled with Mud from the Fields of Ethiopia', and by the
Greek;-, for the fame rcafon MUce;, by the Habeffines, Abawi, in their
vulgar Language ; but in the Ethiopicl^ Gejon, or Gevoon, from a mi-
ftake of the Greek^G ecn^zndi Hebrew Gehon. He fays, the antient Geo-
graphers thought it to take its rife beyond the Eqninodial, in I know
not what Mountains of the Moon ; thinking it might receive its in-
creafe by the Winter Rains of thofe Regions: Fqr they could not
perfuadethemfelves, that the Sun being in the Northern Signs", there
could be Winter and Rain enough fo near, to raifefo great a River
from them. After it has paft abojt forty Leagues from its fource,
which is in an elevated, but trembling and moorifh Ground, it en-
ters a vaft Lake in Dembea, and paOes ic without mixing its Waters*
as the Rhone does the h3kz[LemanHs, and the Rhine, Acronlm. Ths
caufe of the Inundation o^ Nile is from the great Rains falling in ma-
ny Regions of the Torrid-Zone, upon the Suns retiring back into the
Winter Signs. It has been the opinion of fome, that it has been for-
merly in the power of the King of the Habeffmes to divert Nilus ftom
its courfe into ^^yph and to drive it into the Red-Sea ; there being

V V V - at

514 Of E T H I 0 P I J.

at a certain pbcean abfolutcfall of Land to convey itthithei", only
one Mountain beingcut through jthough now that place where it conld
be (,n\,''erted, is pollsft by others- ^ i^^'^ ~

He n'cntions another River in Bthiofia C2i\]^d Mawas, which paf-
ling a great way from its Source, (Inks at length into the Sands, never
going to the Sea, as other Rivers do : Alfo, that the Rivers Melegi
and 7'^c^2.? abounding with Crocodiles, fall into tlie is^iins : That
the River Ma-ieh rifing in Tyrr^^ encompsffing great part of tlie King-
dom, hides itsHelt under groand, and then riles, and, after a conti-
nued courfe, it d ifpei fas and leaves iis divided Waters in .the Sands of

Ihe Soyl is fb fertile, that in fome places they fow, and have Crops
twice, and in others thrice, a Summer. They make Bread of a iort
of Corn called Tef^ thought to be the fame with our Rye, thoijgih
they have Wheat, Barley, &c. They make no Winter proviiions for
Cattle, the Soyl yeiiding always Herbageenough, nor lay up any ilores
for other years for themfelves, confiding in the fertility of their Soyl,
for their Fields are always pleafant, and always fmil-ing withaFiowry
Grace. -

Ke fays, they have an Herb,called ^fa^oe^ which by its touch, or
even Ihadow, fo Itupifies all Serpents and venemous Creatures, that
yon may handle them without offence ^ and thathe who has eaten
the Root of it, is fecured from them for many years. And he is of
opinion, that the Pfylti of Jfrica had the Virtue of curing the bitings
of Serpents by the touch, through theufeof this Herb. The Amad-
magda that cures broken and disjoynted Bones \ as the Offifraga of
Norway inaps the Bones of Cattle that tread upon it.

They have a Tree called Enfets^xt{<tmh\m'^ the Indim Fig-tree, which
is four yards thick, if fhrowdedatfprouts forth with a world of young
Shoots,which are all good Food •, fo that this Tree need not bear any
Fruit, being indeed all Fruit,if flicedand boiled it affwages thirit.

He tells lis, that by reafon of the plenty of Herbage, and the heat
of the Climate, ^adrnpedes and hftots are much bigger in Ethiopia
and India than with us. They have Ilrong and excellent Horfes, but
never fhoe them nor ufe them, but in War, employing Mules in all
their drudgery. Ml.iv.'^i .

They have the known fort of Sheep with great Tails, of-whith
fome weigh above forty pounds-

They have multitudes of t^lephams-, but never ule them- To fay they
have LyonSf Tygers^ Panthers, Wolves, Hyatn^s-i Cafnels, Panthers,
higher than Elephants, &c. it's no more than other Countries yeild :
But he fays, they have a Beall called Zecora or Zemhra^ exceeding in

beauty

Of E T H I 0 P I J, 515

beauty all Qjiadrupeds j it is about the bignefs of a Mule, and natu-
rally gentle 5 his Body is all encompafl: with interchangeable Circles
of Black, and of a lively Afli colour j and this with inch an Elegan-
cy and Order, that they furpafs the Art of the bell Painter to imi-
tate thei'n:HisE'3rs only arc a little dirproportion3te,being too long:
One of them was fold by the Baflia of Snac^Hena for twothoufand^f^
tietian pieces, foraprefent to the Great Mogul. They have tbou-
fandsof Apes, feeding chiefly on Worms, which they find under
Stones. Hence in the Mountains where they ufe, you will fcarce find
jj Stone unturned, be it neverfo great-, for ii: two or three cannot
move it, they call more aid- They eat alfo Ants, and fometimes
devour whole Fields of Fruit. They have alfo an innocent and very
pleafant Animal being a fort of little Monkey, of which there is an
elegant ff^'^p/V^ Rime j in Latin thus : HomimmmnUdG^frumentnm
nonedo^ oderunt mefntflra. It is of a various colour, full of greyifh
fpecks : They are extreme tender, fothat unlefs they are doathcd
and kept warm, they cannot be brought to us. He tells alfo of
fome thathave feen the fam'd Unicorn there, an Animal of the form
and fize of a midling Horfe, of a bright Bay colour, v»/ithaBlack
Mane and Tail, and with a fair Horn in his Forchead> five Palms in
length, being fomewhat whitifh.

For Water and Amphibious Animah, he fays, they have the Hippo-
pota'mns^ thought to be the Behemoth in Job, and the Sea Horfe of the
Greeki, the Crocodile, the Water-Lizard, and amongfl others the
Torpedo, with which they cure Tertian and Quartm Agjes ; The
Way is thus ; They bind the Patient fall on a Table, and then apply
the Torpedo to his Joints, which caufes a very cruel torture in all his
Limbs ', but the fit of the Ague returns not after. The Author con-
ceives it may alfo do good in the Gout ;> and the Etbiopiuas fumly
believe, it will drive the Devil himfelf from a Man.

For Bird?, they have Oflrich, or Struthiocamel, and Caffovvars,
fwifter than Horfes : Theflelhof this either freOi or dried, is ac-
counted a Medicine againft the Poyfon of Serpents, this Bird devours
them without prej.idice to himfelf. The Bird Pipe that difcovers
prey to the Hunters of Wild Beafts, conducing them where they
be hid.

He tells usof Dragons, that will fwallow whole Children, little
Pigs,, Lambs and Kids j and that they are fcaly, and leek like the
Bark of an old Tree, but not venemous. That there are Water-
Snakesand Adders, which upon drying of the Moorifh grounds in
Summer, are very hurtful, being imaged with the drought and heat,
and thatthsy kill by their Breath, nnlefs a quick remedy be ufed,

V V V 2 none

5i6 Of ETHIOPIA.

none being better than to drink humane Excrements in Water, which
Remedy the Panther ufeth.

That the Babefiues 2ve fometimes ftrangely infefted with Locufls,
devouring their Fruits and Herbs ^ they appear in prodigious mul-
titudes, like a thick Cloud, that obfcures the Sun, nor Plants, nor
Shrabs, nor Trees remain untouched : And wherefoever they feed,
their leavings feem, as it were, parched with the Fire, and a general
Mortality enfaes : And that thofe People fcmstimes (e^d on the Lo-
cuits, being a plealant and wholefome meat, and thereby fatisfie their
hunger and revenge. That there are great ftore of Bees, araongft c-
thers a very ftnall black Bee without a Sting, making their Combs un-
der giound, which yield an extreme white Wax, and:moft delicious
Honey, which they ule in their Medicines.

He fays, the Habejfwes are generally of a good Difpofition, flrong,
vivacious and Long-livers, Ij'genicus, and very delirous of Learn-
ing, eafily remit Injuries, and commonly determine their Q-iar-
rels and Differences at Cuffs, or by any Arbitrator or two. From
this their towardly Difpofition, he thinks their King has b<Q.\
called Prejler Jan^^ by fome, the words Preficr Chan in the Ferftan
Language, fignifying a Prince of excellent Servants •, and the Servants
of this Nation are more priz'd, and fell for more than others. In
the fhape of their Body,and comelinefs of their Countenance,they far
excel other Ethiopians^ having no fwoln Lips, nor broad bcttle Nofes.
Their Colour for the moft part is Blacker Brown, though they are
not born Black, bat very Red, foon after turning Black. The Wo-
men are ftrcng, fruitful and eafily bring forth Children, as gene-
rally fill Women in the hotter Countries. They have no Midwive?,.
but fall on their Knees at the time of Childbirth, and disburden them-
felves- Several other Nations inhabit this Kingdom, viz., the Jews
W'ho formerly dwelt in J>enhea^ V/egara and Samen^ 'till driven thence
by Sapieusy £nd now difperfed into feveral parts. Mahnmetans are
alfo intermirgled up and down the Country, and drive the greateil
Trade 'a ith the Tmki and Arabians. There are alfo Wild Men living
in the Deferts, without God, King or Law: The mofl fordid and
vilefl: cf Humane Creatures.

The Nobleft and Antientell Tongue of the Hahejfwes is that EthiO'.
picket v^hcreofour Author fct forth a Lexicon and Grammar in Lo»-
^o«, A:ino 1661. This was formerly the Tongue generally fpoken
by the 'Tigrenfes^ when l\\t^\ngo( Habeffinia lived in Tigra-t but now
it is only ufed in Writing, and has its Dignity continued in the pub-
ikk Sacred Worfliip, and in the King's Charters, &c. It is very much
aliy'd to the u^rabicl^^ and ferves often to illuHrate the Oriental

Tongue?^,

Of E T H I 0 P 1 J, 517

Tongues, efpectally the Hebrew : For inftance, he fays the Latins have
called thatmoft elegant and delightful Work of God, which compre-
hends all things in it k\fy Mnndas^ in imitation of theCrec^j, who
called it Kisr^©-, the Appellation rot being invented by themfeLves,
. but by the Pha:mcians.y with whom the World,and efpecially the Earth,
was called HGlt^ Adamah^ Formofa: He lays, he knows it is com-
rconly derived from Redraefs, becaufe the Hebrew Rcot IZDIIb^ Adam.
fignifiesto be Red j whereas 'tis certain, that our firfb Father took
his name Adam^ not from the redncis of the Earth, but from his
perfed and abfolute Beauty, as being the mofl ccnfummate U'orkof
the Creator. And that fignification which has been unknown to other
Oriental Lcxit on-writers, is plain to the Ethiopians^ with whom Ada-
ma (jgnifies delightful, elegant and lovely ; nor do the Ethiopians tJ&^t ,
Adam's name otherwife than from Formofus. The prefent King of '
Habeffwia ( the Seat of Government being removed to the midft of
the Empire ) ufes the Amarick^ Dialed, which all the Nobility and •
Learned fpeak, being as general in Habejfmia, as the Latin in Enrope,. ,
They fay, that on the Coafl of Africa^ every fifteen or twenjty Ger-
mmn Miles produce a diverfity of Language. ,

He fays, that tho' the Kings of Habeffnia cannot well make out
their Decent from the times of ^o/o^ow, (as fome think they may )
but begin it only from the two Brothers Atz.b€ha, and Abreha, under
whom the Chriftian Religion began amongft the Axumitesy being a-
bout three hundred years after Chrift \ from whofe time the Hiftory of
the Habeffnes is more clearjand their Kings names more certain : They
may neverthelefs contend with the mofl: famous Kings of the. World;
for Antiquity of Progeny.

Their King LalibaU fent for Workmen from Fgypt^ and fet them-
on a fl:rangc and unheard of Enterprife, 'viz,. to work Temples outf^^
of fold Rocks, by hewing them in a regular form i^, leaving, wher^-;;
need required. Pillars, Arches and Walls. Fr. Alvarez, affirms upon, j
Oath to have feen ten Temples built there after this wonderful man-" \
ner, and brought Draughts of them with him.

No private Ethiopian^ he fays, only a very few of the Nobles ex-
cepted, has any thing of his own : All Lands and Polfeflions are the
Kings, and are enjoy'd precarioufly by theSnbjedt j fo that all take
it patiently, if the King gives or takes away all, whenfoever or where-
foever, toanifrcmwhomhepleales.

The King^ Revenues are not in ready Money, but confifl: of thena*
tural Products of Countries, by an even way of Tribute : Some pay.
Gold, others Horfes, Cows, Oxen, Sheep, Bread-corn, Ox-hides„ •
Garments, e^c^.

Enarmi

^i% Of ET H rO'P I A.

'Enartit pays fifteen hurd red ounces of Gold, formerly much morev
to Sufne'ns it paid^ One thpLifrind, aiM foWetimcs but five hurdred,
vvMien I'hev ar'eyt WarsvvifH't'hc G'v?//.?^^; Gijafn pays yearly eleven
hundred Ounces, and fome Garments to thevalreof three thoufand
Cfz-w/?/; Dollars, together with two hundred Fuilian Tapeftries.

Qut ^f 7\^?*.!f twenty five thoufand Patacks; ontof Dembea ^vq
thoufand, and as much out of other Kingdoms* Gcjam and Bageftdna''
find him Corn and Plefh. But his chief Tribute is from theGiafiers,'
who afe bound to pay him every three years the tenth Ox or Cow.
Befides every Chriftian Weaver pays him a Fuftian Garment : Every
Mahnmetafj a Dvinv or Patach, which amounts to one thoufand Im-
perials yearly. The Toll of Z/^/«^/-wo«^ Mountain, over which air
the Merchandlfemuftpafs from the ^ed-Sea into Ethi&pia, the King
referves for himfelf. '^'•

The Kingand chief Nobility thinkitan Office beneath them to
lift their Hands to their Mouths to feed themfclves •, and keep ^oys
to cut their Meat, and put it into their Mouths ; which they do in
great gobbet?, as thofc that cram Poultry. ^

j^xum-t or j4fcum.,crvonQovii\YChaxHmd^wzs formerly the Metrd^^'
polls of Hahejfma, from whence they were called AxHmites : An<i
then adorned v\ith beautiful 5tniflires, a fair Palace and a Cathedral
proudly vaunting her Obelisks, Sculptures, and fumptuous Edifices,
but liow-^emolifhed by the Warsj or defaced with Age, and the City
now- totally ruined, featedit was in the 14-' 30"' North Latitude j
ancWiftafrt from the North Sea forty five Ponnjal Leagues, or fix 0^''''
feven tirefome days Journeys, by reafonof the Mountains.

befides j4xuma-,i\\Qxt are no Cities in Habeifmia^-indi but few Towns;
JDobarovpa in Tygra is the Seat of the Vice-Roys. Fremona was the
firftRefidence' of the Fathers, enlarged by the Por^/^^-s//. Ghbay ti
To^nin Btmbrai Where the Qiieen refides. ISianwa in Goj-am was
long inhabited bf the -Pom;!^^//. The Celebrated Mountains of j^m-
hark aretheironly Citadels, where the Kings Children were formerly
cormltted to cultody.

'T;heKings,, he ftys, always live in Tents, and feldom long in a
placfe- '•liTitne year 1 607, the Gamp pitched in Ccga. In 161 2, it was
at DrMci? 2:^,arrd afterat Gittndra^ which Bernier called the Metropolis
of Ethiopia. Their Tent is of a white colour, and very large, ftand-
ing inthemidflof theCemp, a large fpace being left round it for the
convenieRcy of Perfons to approach it. Next this, two Temples are
plat 'd, and Tents for the Qiieen and her Attendcnts : Next thefe the
Nobles, the Kings Friends, Servants, and other Courtiers pitch their
Tents i then all the common Soldiery, with the necelfary Attendents
■' ' of

Of E T H I 0 P I J. :5.r9

of the Campj^si^^'thofe thsrtcoineto Negotiate. Vl/ hen 'fhey - 1^-
move, as they often do, and come to fet down anew, Fnaflvi^hotfrs
fpace all things are feer/plac'd in the fame -order theywei^e'before- for
every man knows hisplaCe, and the meafare of Irfs ground, theorder
of the Camp being always the fame, Bjt P^'r^r P^^/ built the KiYt^
a Palace after ttie "£/^^^(?pc^^? manner in Gorgorai by the Tz.aneo Laket
normuch ia&nour to thfe Country Palaces ot our EHrofedn^nnzts.

Murtherers are given to the nearefl: Reiationsof chePerfonra'iV-
thered -y it being in' th^ir power to pardon them, or to take a fura of
Maney,or to iell them as Slaves, or to put them to what Death they
jpleafe. If the M drther'ije not found , the Inhabitants of the Place,
]^^d all the Neighbotirhcroci are fin'd.

f , ■ In the third ^ook, '^hKhtreatsof the EccIeHaftlcal Aff*airs of 'the

\jHaheJfmesj ott'r Author tells ns, That fotne hold, they have -had the

knowledge of God everfirtce the time of Sciomon, ' • * 'i

That they ufe Circumcifion, tho igh not on any Religious Accoifrt't,

in Obedience to the Law of Mofes^ but only as a Cuftom of their

Country, (being done by a Woman privately) the fews flit the Skin

'with their Nailsjtill the Preputiam falls down and leaves the Nut bare.

■^he/:/^&ej(/I«ej only round the Skin Witha Knife. ■•' ,;"«'

That they do not Circnmciie Wbmen, (as fome idly af!irm}t^6^gh
It's a Cuftom not only with //-«^^jf//»fj, but likewife with other
People of Africay as thk. Egyptians and Arabians, to cut off from Girls
fomething- which they think to be an undecency and fuperflaity of
:Nature. ^{'^ " ' ^_'^/ .

„.^" That they abflain from Swinest^rifli, Blood and fuffocated things,
not as coramarrded by Mofis-, but by Apoflolick Conftitution, this
having been always oblerved in the Oriental Church, and in the-
Weftern Church for many Ages ^ and having been ratified by fome
Councils; And they condemn us for leaving the practice. Nor do they
allow the Jews Sabbath, out of refpeft to Jiidrnfm, b'lt becaafe it
was theantientCuflora'of the Primitive Church, for which they have'
fome written Antlent Conftitutions : Yet they Prefer the Lords Day.
before the Jewilh Sabbath \ for upon tha* Day (fay theyj our Lord
Jefus Chrifl rofe : And upon that Day the holy Ghoft defcended upon >
the Apoftles in the Oratory oiSion: And upon that Day Ghriltfhall
come again to reward the Jult and ponifh the Evil.

He fays, If an Habeffme marries his Brothers Wife, or commits •
Polygamy, the Civil Magiftrate takes no notice of it : For they are of
opinion, that whatfoever does not offend the Common wealthjuor the
lecurity of Private Perfons, ought not to be chsftifed with Secular
Punifhments : iVeverthelefs the Church is fevcre in the cafe, and will

not!:

520 Of E T H I 0 P I J.

not pe,rmit Perfons fo married to receive the Sacrament. He alfo tells
us, T hit fiabeff ma is full of Monks, that their Inftitutions and Ha-
bits are different from the Greek, and Latin. He fpeaks of the por-
tentous Miracles of their Saints, their Aufterities and Spontaneous
Torments.

It's a common fame in Europe^ that the Converfion of the Habef-
fines to the Chriftian Faith was effeded by the Eunuch of Queen
Candace : But our Author fays this is certain, that in the time of
St. Jthariafnts Patriarch of Alexandria^ in the Reign of Cofjjfamne the
Great^ about the Year of Chrifl 330. or not long after it, the Con-
verfion oi Ethiopia happened after this manner : Meropim a 73'r^4w Mer-
chant going into /«^/4, came to the Coaft of £f^zof)/^ in thei^^^^e^i^
dying there, he left two Sons, FntmentiHs and L/^deJius, who bein'g
taken and carried to the King, were kindly received by him 5 and he
finding them ingenious, employ'd them in keeping his Books of Ac-
cojnt. During the time of their Employ, they did all good Offices
to Chriftian Merchants that came to thofe Parts, and fhewed fo fair
a fpecimen of their Virtue and Integrity, that they wrought in the
Habeffnes a great Efleem for the Chriftian Religion. Which ground
being laid, ErHmentihs went to Sv Athanafins^ who coniidering the
excellency of his parts, and the conftancy of his Faith, created him
the firft Bilhop of Ethiopia , and returning thither, he baptized the
Inhabitants, created Deacons, built Chuiches, and fo firft planted
the Chriflian Religion. , ; ■ '

The Habejfmes received the Scripture with Chrifliah Religion, and
it is tranflated into the Ethiopkk Language from the Verfiori of the
'Septuaaint \ and that according to a Copy ufed in the Church of Mex-
aridria : They have the New Teftamtm tranflited from the authentick
Greekjiext. They enjoy 'the Holy Scriptures intire, and reckon as
many Books as we do, tho' they divide them after another manner.
They acknowledge the Holy Scripture to be the fole and only Rule of
what they are to believe and do. They ufe.the Nicene Creed \ they
admit of the ancient Greek Councils j they acknowledge the Trinity,
and the fufRcient Merits of Chrifl •, one PerfoninChrift, his Divinity
and Humanity ; they ufe Baptifm, and the holy Communion \ they
Adminifter it to the Laity and Clergy, as it is the Cuftom of all the
E'.ftern Churches, and acknowledge the Real Prefence, but not Tran-
fubftantiatioa, pray for the Dead, deny a Purgatory.

He gives an Account of their Errors \ as, that they hold the Holy
Ghoft to proceed from the Father only, and not from the Son. That
they hold the Soul of Man not to be created, becaule, they fay,
God perfected all his Work on the Sixth Day \ they think it there-
■> . fore

Of ETHIOPIA. 52i

fore drawn from the Matter, but Immortal. They holdJlikewife fomc
other Errors. . .

On their Eleventh of Jamary^ which to us is the Sixth of the fame
Month, and the Feaft of the Epiphany^ the Habejfines^ in memory of
the Baptifm of our Saviour ( which they hold, with many of the An-
tients, to have been for a certain on that day) keep a joyful Feflivali all
of them jult at break of day,before the rifing of the Sun, going into
Ponds and Rivers, and there dipping and fporting themfelves : This
Cuftora having given occafion to fome to affirm, That they were
baptized anew every year.

They begin the year on the Calends of September-, with the Grecia^is-,
jirmeniansyRHpans^ and other Oriental Chriftians ^ for they believe,
as many of the Antients have aflerted, that the World was made in
the AntHmnal Equinox.

If any difcordarire betwixt Man and Wife, fb that they cannot be
reconciled, the Kings Judges diiTolve the Marriage, and they are free
to marry again.

As we have mentioned before the King of Haheffinias unparallell'd
abfolutenefs in Temporals, fo our Author fays, That the chief Eccle-
liaftical Power is in him •, fo that all things of Jurifdi(^ion,only fome
fmall Qiufes excepted, are Determined by the Kings Judges. Nor
do the Clergy enjoy any Ecclcfiaftical Imunity or Priviledge in Courts
of Judicature, but undergo corredion from Secular Judges as mere
Layicks. Our Author tells us, Thzt th^ Habejfmes Y[z\q few Books
but thole of Sacred Things. That they have no written Laws, but
judge all Right and Wrong, according to the Cuftom and Manner of
their Anceftors.

Phyfickjhe fays, is wholly negleifted by them : They cure Men by
Burning and Cutting, as they do Horfes. They cure the Jaundice by
burning a Semicircle about the joynt of the Arm with a crooked Iron,
putting on the place a little Cotton, and fo letting the viiious Humor
diftil from it till the Diflemper begone. They cure Wounds with
Myrrh, which is there mighty common.

They look upon it as an egregious Fable, for any Man to aflcrt,
that the Earth is a round Globe, fufpended of it felf in the midft of
the Air. '''

He tells us, they eat raw Flefh, or fuch as is but half-boil'd, and
ufe Gall as a fauce. That they take Herbs half digefled out of the
Bellies of Cows and Oxenkill'd, and feafoning them with Salt and
Pepper, they make a fort of Muftard, which much gratifies their
Palate.

X X X , Cong^

^22

^m6i J.

^y^'S'^

Of CONG 0.

u«im^4 iijjjiMiM iMimiaii W„.,mr

^^Anficaln$^%, " '^^^"^

^On^o h very temper«tt, for the Rains and the Winds affwage
^th€ heat, which is infupportable in the neighbouring Coun-
tries. Nor has Africa any 'Province more interlaid with Rivers :
The ZWr, which is the chief of them, isv«ry coniiderable for tha
Rapidity and depth of its Stream. The Inhabitants oiCon^o have
Mines of Gold,but they only make ufe of Shells for Money. They for
Ehemoft part owned themfclvesChriftians or Catholicks, by the Ex-
ample of their Kings in or about the year 1640. atwhat time the
VapHchm had made a great progrefs there in Preaching, which,never
thelefs, did not fucceed according to expecfbtion ; for being never-
weir grounded in any folid Principles,, they foon abandoned the name
and profeffion. The i^fi^^^-s/^ bring from thence Ivory and Slaves.
For which reafon they have fettled themfelves in the Royal City,
which is called St. Salvador^ and in that of St. Paul in the fmall Ifland
of Loanda^ this was Unce feiz'd upon by the Dftrch^ Y/hich is very

level,.

Of CONGO, Pi'

level, feven Leagues long, and one and a half broad, where they get
frelh Water by digging holes in the Sand- The Portugals keep Gar-
rifons in the Forts of MaffaganzvA Camhambe in the Kingdom of -^«-
gola^ for the prefervation of their Silver Mines : Andhereitis, that
they rendevouz their flaves appointed for i5r^y//f. The Males only
have the right of Succcffion in this Kingdom ^ and all.the Land belongs
to the King whom they call Mani. Learning is i<^ little efteemed
among the Co»^o/4»/, that when Emanml^ King of Portu^al^ fent to
their King all the faireft Books of the Law he could meet with, and
fevcral Do(n:ors to expound them, he fent the Doctors back, and
ordered the Books to be burnt, faying. That they would only con-
found and diforder his Subjeds Brains ^ who had no need but only of
Reafon and Common Senfe \ however, that he would continue no lefs
the King of Port^gals Friend.

Under the name of Congo are alfb comprehended the Kingdoms of
Angola^ Cacmgozndi Malemba j the Anjicians^ who referable our Bifcat-
.wm,and the Brama s or Lo^w^k. But neither thefe Kingdoms nor Peo-
ple acknowledge the King of Co^go, as formerly they did. The King
<ii Angola ftyles himfelf grand Soba\ his chief City is Cambaz.z.a^EngHZ.C'i
or Donge. His Subjects are fo in love with Dogs Fle(h,that they breed
up whole Flocks together ^ and one well-fed Dog is fometimes fold a-
mong them for two hundred Crowns. They are excellent in nothing
but in (hootinginaBow. For they will difcharge twelve Arrows be-
fore the firft ihall be fallen to the Ground. They believe. The Sun to be
a Man., and the Moon a Woman^ and thi Stars to be thg Children of that-
Man andthat Woman,

X X X 2 THE

524 C JFRERIA and MO NO M OT.OJBA.

':Ba.ae.^^

crr'u

I "2(1

'MO*Mojyio\rArA

l^rf^i

i'i:

^^*^

JMCahe
I Co

«^_

^^■^7^

•'^■^^-^

liiiiiiiiii jijiuiiiiil^ i:u,iiiiif limimij lii.uiiuij iiiiiiiiiiii

^•8

H E Country which bears the name of Cafreria 'is themofl:
Southern part of all Africa^ and indeed of all our Continent a-
long the Ethiopick^Sea-i part in the Torrid^ part in the temperate ZmCy,
extending about twelve hundred Leagues upon the Coaft. It is full,
of Mountains, fubjed; to great colds, and under feveral petty Kings,
the moft part of which pay Tribute to the Emperor of /^owtfWffftf^^The
King of Sofala^ which was part of the <i/£^ifymha of old, pays alfo
to the King of Pomtg/il, who keeps aGarrifon in the Caftleof So-
f^la^ and by that means gets good ftore of Gold from the Mines
wiiiclt'are up in the Country. And. that Gold is efleem'd the belt
in the World : From whence FertomannHSy FoUterrams^ and from
them Orttlins labour to perfwade the World how that this was
Ophir.. And David Kemht^ a learned Rabbi^ places Ophir in South
J^frica ; yet Jofephns, St. fJierome, and many more are of opinion that
Ophir was part of the Eafi Indies ; whofe diftance and great plenty
of Gold beit agrees with a, three years Voyage. They take it up fome-

tjmes,

CJFRERIJ a/;d MONOMOTOPJ: 52^

times out of the Rivers in little Nets, after it has rain'd. The Coail
o^Cafrvria lies low, and full of Woods', but the Soyl produces.
Flowers of a moft pleafing fcent v and the Trees afford a lovely pro-
fpedt. Three great Rivers falJ into the Indian Sea oat q{ Cafrena..
Every one of which is known at the head by theNameof Z^-^^^^r^,
The moft Northerly is call'd Cn4ma, the middlemoft Spirko SanElo,.
and the Southermolt Lot Infantes.

The Cafres live under no Law nor Religion, as their Name imports :
Herbert: tells us, That during the time he ftaid amongft them, he;
faw no figns of any Knowledge of God ; no fpark of Dsvotion ^ no
fyraptom of Heaven or Hell ; no place fet apart for Worfhip; no
Sabboth for reft. Many of them will fteal with their Feet, while they
ftare ye in the Face. They fell their Cattel to the Seamen that come
into thofe parts : But they are forc'd to tie the Oxen to Trees, and.
to put the Sheep in Pens before they pay them, for dk upon a pe-
culiar Whiftle, the Cattle will run after them, and leave the Piir-
chafer in the lurch. In Complexion they are like our Chimney
fweepers: Befides,. they have great Heads, flat Nofes, whether it be;
that they are prefs'd in their Infancy, or becaufe that their Mothers
carry them at their backs, againft which they may be fubjed to knock
them. Their Hair is frizl'd, their Lips extraordinary big, their
Back-Bone very fharp, their Hips large ; lo that there can be no-
thing feen more ugly. The Cape ofgoodHope^ which lies in the moft
Southern part of this Countrey, is the moft famous, the longeft and
the moft dangerous Cape in the World. It was fo call'd, becaufe.
that being once paft that, the Seamen had fome hopes to arrive quick^
ly at the Eaft-Indies. Formerly it was call'd the Cape of\Vhirl-winds>
or Tempefisy which much annoy'd thofe Seas. Some call it the Lycn.
of the Sea 'j others the Head of Africa. There are certain (jgns to
know when you are near it : For within fifty or fix ty Leagues, the
Sea is full of the Bodies of thick Reeds that float upon the Water -
and the white Birds with black Spots mak^ their appearance. The
Mouth of the Bay to the Eaft of the Cape is five Leagues broad,,
cncorapafled with Iharp Rocks. The Air is temperate, and. the.-
neighbouring Valleys are full of Herbs and Flowers. Their Rivers;
abound in Filh, their Woods in Venifon and Bees: The Natives-
that cloath themfelves with the Skins of thefe Beafts, are very fwift,,
but Brutes in their eating v and when they fpeak, they gobble like;
Thrive Cocks.

The Hollanders have built a Fort there, a League from which they
have a fair and handfome Town, all forts of Grain there, out of-^w;
or EHropCy^ thrive better than in other gar.ts.,

Hhe

526 € AFKERIA ^nd MONOMOTOV A.

'The Cafres are black, becaafe they rub themfelves with a Greafe or
Ointment, compo fed of feveral fort of Drugs, topreferve theralelves
from being Hydropical; they have great knowledge of Simples, and
have cured feveral of the Dutch of Ulcers and old Wounds, which
were paft the skill of their own Chyrurgeons.

Monomotofa isahnoil environ'd by Cafreria. It bears the name of the
King. It is very fertile, abounding in Ivory ,and fo rich in Gold, that
the^ingiscall'd the Goldtn Emperor. The Inhabitants who are very
fjrperftitious, have no other Arms, than Pikes, Bows, and Arrows :
But they are fo fwift, that they will run as faft asa Horle^ The
common People wear nothing above their Waftes *, and for the Maids
they go ftark naked, fo that a tv4an may choofe his Wife according
to the Ojftom of the Vtopim Common- Wealth. A Relation made in
the year 1(^51, Reports, that the King of Mommoto^a was baptiz'd
with all his Court, by the jefuits. The King himfelf is generally
trick'd with Bracelets and Pretious Stones like a Bridegroom, nor
will heever wear any Foreign Stuffs, for fear they fhould be poifon'd :
Unlefs it be the Twift, the Coller, and his Buskins, of which he has
liberty to change the Falhion •, he is obliged in other things to follow
thcFafhion of his Predeceffors, by the Laws of his Kingdom. 'Tis
reported,that for hisufual Guard, he has a Regiment of Women,and
another of Dogs, and that thofc Women in. War do as much fervice
as Men. He gratifies the Princes, which are his J'ributaries with a
prefent of Fire every year, as a mark of his acknowledgment. Aione
Bmifi is a potent Kingdom to the North of Mommetopa. The Giaquesy
otherwife call'd GalUs^ and Chavas are neighbours to one another,
and are famous for their Valor, and for the Vidories they have got
<6vtY the -^hesjins, in th^U^p^r Ethiopia*

Of Z^A NG V E B J R.

ZA NG V E BAR, call'dby the Antients Barhary^h a large Coafl^
in the Epftern part of Africa^yfjhxch extends it felf alt a long the.
Indian Sea, on this fide, and beyond, the Equator.. The Natives are
Idolatersvander divers Sovereigns. They give their minds to Trade
as well as the ArakUns and Mabumetans that are among them. The:
Southern part, chiefly bears the name of -^ii»^«eW, which contains
the fmall Kingdoms of Mof:.ttmhiqney Omk^Mombaz^i and Belinda.

52B Of K.A NGVEBJR.

The Northern part is call'd j^yen^ and fometimes New Jrahia. It com-
prehends the Dominions of Brava, M^gadoxo^ yiiiea and ^del. In Mo'
z,ambicjite lies the bell: place that the Poitug^bhz^t iaall thofe quarters-
For they poflefs a very ftrong Caftle in the Ifland of that Name, about
half a League long, where their Ships (lay for feafbnable Weather to
carry them to the Eaft Indies. The Port is upon the North-fide of the
City* and you muft leave two Iflands upon the left hand as you enter
into it- It would be better Inhabited,but the Air is very unwholefome.
jQ^ilox lies in the fame Peninfala : The King thereof, was the iirft in
Zanguehar that became Tributary to the PortH^als. In Qhiloa are a
moft excellent fort of Hens, tho' their Flefli, their Feathers, and their
very Bones be black. Mombaz.e lies in an Ifland, and upon a Rock un-
der 3"* 50"" South, was fubdued to the Crown of Ponngaiby Aimtyda^
in the year 1505. Sometimes the Pormgah Winter there, for Provi-
fions are very plentiful and cheap. The entrance lAto the Port is fo
narrow and fo rocky, that in fonife places thtre Is not room fora-
bove one Ship to enter. The Eftates of Larnonznd. P^^f are under
the Government o( Melinda. The Coaft of .4//*'^ contains the Re-
publick ofBrava, is a fmall Common-wealth, with a City built, ac-
cording to the Fafiiion of the Moors, It has ufually paid a fraall Tri-
bute to the PortHgals, Magadoxo\'=, under a King of their own, and the
Natives arQ A-fahftmetam. To Adea belongs a very good Port, caJl'd
Barraboa Adely whofe chief City is Arat-^ obeys a King, who is an ene-
my to the Abijfmes. Barbara and ZeiU are places of great Trade, by
reafonof the convenience of their Ports, towards the entry into the
Red Sea. ZeiU was the Aralites ofPlifi. Ptol. and Stefh. tht Emforium
of the TrOgloditicaytefie Mol.

Zocotora Ifle, well known to former Ages, to fome by the Name of
Diofcorida^ thought to be the Topaz.o of Pliny, by the Turks, Catu-
chomer \ by the Perjians, Cabar j by the Spaniards, Acebar : RamnfOf
Cnria Muria, aliis AlbaCnria, incolts Abbadal Curia, isfituated at the
Mouth of the Red-Sea-, fixty Miles long, and twenty four broad,
which though defeftive in moft neceflaries for life, yet it hath plenty
of Phyfical Drugs, efpecially of Aloes, called in Spain, femper vivftm
^ Sanguis Draconnm.

Bert John de Cafiro for many days found it high Water at the
Moons Rifmg, and low Water when the Moon was Higheft.

The AFRICAN Ipuds. 529

Of fk A F R I C A N Ijlamh.

IN the Occidental or Atlantick Ocean, and not far from Africa^ we
find three different Bodies of Iflands, and each very conliderable,
viz. the At,oreSy the Canaries^ and CapeP^er^e Iflands.

OJ the Ips- of the A Z O R E S,

■^'■^^^'W^'f-f^ -fS

Y s. y

550 Of the A Z^O R E S.

Of the AZORES.

THE j^tores are ITtuate betwixt the thirty leventh and forty llxth
Degree of Northern Latitude, and are Nine in number, St. Mi-
ihaeli Saint Maries, which lies next to 5/?«2/», Tercera on the North-
Weft, then Saint Graciofa, Saint Georges. Faialy and Pico, in the
middle ; Coruo and Flores neareft to yimmca : Saint Michael, dire(ft-
3y North of Saint Maries, is the largeft, and of moft note among Mo-
dern Geographers for the place of the firft Meridian, about which you
may fee more in my Vfi of the Globes. Tercera is the chief of the reft,
in regard cf its flrength 5 of its commodious Haven, and well forti-
fied Town Angra-, the Refidence of the Governor and Arch-bifhops
Sea, it is efteemed the Principal of thefe Iflands, and communicates
its A'ame unto them, the Air of thefe Iflands is generally good. They
are well ftored with Flefli, Fifh and Fruits, but the Wines not very
good nor durable. The chief Commodities^ they tranfport unto o-
ther Countries are finging Birds. Oad for Dyers, which yearly they
gather in two places, called Los Folhadoresj and los Alt ares, and a Ibrt
of Wood red within, and waved within, admirable beautiful, I fuppofe
tLhe lame Workmen call Princes Wood.

The Ifle Tercera is as well fenced by Nature^ and flrengthened by
Art, as moft Iflands in the World, being every where hard of ac-
cefs y havi'ng no good Harbor wherein to flielter a ATavy, and upon
every Cove, or Watering Place, a Fort ereded to forbid the ap-
proach of an Enemy, yet the Marquels of Sancia Cruz., after he had
fhewed himlelf ( in the Road o^Angra ) to Emamtfl de Sylva and Monf,
de Chattes, who kept it for the ufe of Don Antonio, with five or fix
thouland Men, fet Sail fuddenly, and arrived at Port des Moles, and
there wan a Fort, and landed before Monf. Chattes could come to
hinder him.

The difficult landing of our Englifh at Fayal, in the year 1 597. un-
der thtCondiid: of Sk IV. Ra^-'Uigljy was as valoroufly performed, as
honorably and bravely enterprifed, but was more of Reputation than
Safety.

Thefe Iflands were firft difcovered by the Flemings, but fubjned by
theP^'j'f^^^//^ under the conduft of Prince Hewj/, \:i the year 1444.

Uf m L: A /\ ^ K T Ipnds,

5? I

rr'^HE G«»4^)' lilands are now in number feven j by the Antients
\ call'd InfuU fonunatdy and by Pliny^ Ombrio^ Junonia Adajor^
Iitnonia Minor or Theode^ Canariay Nivaria^ Capraria-, FUvialie.

By ftoloiny they were ftyled, Aprofita^ Hera InfuU^ CanarUi^ Tin-
tnria^ or Ccnturia^ Cafperif^, Fluitttma or Pluitalia j firit difcovered
1346.

But now better known by the names of Lancerota^ Fcrtiientura^ Ca-
naria^Temrijfe^ Palma-, Ferro^^ndGomera. LancerOta^ov the inacceflTible
and enchanted Ifland, becanfeofthe dilTiculty fometimes to make it
more than at other times- It was the 6rfl: of thefe Iflands that v/as
made (libje(fl to the Crown o(Q-ifiile, difcovered 1 393- In Fortemitara,
arefaidtobether«ir/?^??-'frefj whichbeara Gum, of which there is

y y y 2 made

532 Of the CANARY IJlmds,

ir.ade pure white Salt *, the Palm tree which bears Dates, Olive-trees^
Majiick tre^Sj and a Ftgg-tree^ from which they have a Balm as white
as Milk, and of great I'irtue in Phyfick.

Canary Ifland is exceeding fruitful, and the Soil fo fertile, that
they have two Harvefts in one Year, its Commodities are Uony^ WaXy,
Sugm^ Oadi Wine and Plantcns^ which bear an Apple like a Cucumber,
Which when ripe, eats more delicioufly than any Comfit.

Teneriffe^ Is lamous for its higb P/%,faid to be the higheft Mountain
in the World ', for its Laurel treej^ where the Canary Birds warble
their pleafant Notes •, and for its Dragon-trees, out of which they
draw a red Liquor, well known to the Apothecaries by the name of
Dragons- bloody and for its yearly export of twenty thoufand Tuns of
the moft excellent Wine Which the World produces.

P alma zhounds'in Corn, Wines and Sugars, and all forts of Fruits,
well ftored vvith Cattel, therefore the Vifiualling place of the Spamjh
Fleet that pailcth to Peru and Brafil.

Fero Ifle is famous for a Tree whofe Leaves diftil Water which
ferves the ifland, it woald be too tedious for me here to relate the
different Relations of Writers about this Ifland, I fhall therefore only
mention fome few : One Nichols^ who had been feven years Fador
there, ftith there is no frefh Water in the Ifland, only in the middle
of the Ifle there grows a Tree, which being always covered with
Clouds, drops from it's Leaves into a Ciflern very good Water, and
in great abundance. One J'ackson, an Englifi man-, affirms that the
Tree hath neither Flowers nor Fruit, that it dries up in the Day, that
at Night a Cloud hangs over the Tree, and difl:ils its Water drop by
drop, and fills a Refcrver of twenty thoufand Tuns.

Jansinhls Hydography faith, it very rarely rains in the Ifland.
Linfchet faith there is no frefli Water, except about the Sea Coaft ^
but this defedl is fupplied by the Tree.

In the Hifcory of the Conqueft of thele Iflands, 'tis faid that this
Ifland hath great plenty of Water, and Rain often ^ and in the high-
er Countries are Trees which drop Water pure and clear, which falls
into a Ditch, the befl in the World to drink.

Ferdw^nd Suarez. faith, That this Tree bears a Fruit like an Acorn,
of a pleafant and aromatick taf^e, and that the Pond or Ciflern con-
taii.s not twenty Tunf..

Staniitiis faith, the Cloud begins to rife about Noon, and in the
Evening quite covereth the Tree. Others fay, that this Water falls
from Moo-.i all Ni^ht. Others will have the Cloud always aboct
the Tree, and that its dilHIlation is continually •■, now how to re-
cjpncilc, all the fe djflei en t. Relate rs in a. Verdicft of Truth I muft

leave,-

Of the C AN A KT IJUkcIs, 533

leave to the Readers Experience, or the more certain informations
of time.

Thefe Canaries zkq often times the Rendevouz of the Spamjh Welt-
JnMa Fleet,where they receive Orders to what part of 5/J4i« tliey ihall'
make, in-order to the unlading of their Wealth.

Madera-, or Ille of Wood, fixty Leagues in compafs, in the Atlan-
tickSea, and to the North of tht Cananes, belongs to the Crown of
EortHgal. The Air is very wholefome, n?any Fountains and Rivers
rcfrelh the Country, fo that it is not fubjed to excefiive heats, i it is
called the Queen of the Ijlands^ becaufe of its Beauty, and the Fertili-
ty of the 5w7, which produces excellent W^/«^, ftrong and racy, and in
great abundance i for the Vines bear more Clufters than Leaves. It
bears delicate Fruits., excellent Whtat., and delicious Sugar^ the befl;
in the World, it affords great (lore oi Quinces-, and other Sweetmeats,
Dragons blood., Cordevams, Cedar Wood^ and a Plant call'd .^<«^cv. It
contains three Cities, thechief of which is F(?;/c^?W, ox Funghdl^ the
Relldence of a Governor and a Bifliop. The City is long and nar-
row at the foot of a Mountain, which is about three quarters of a
League high, with three Fortrefles and a Port like a Crefcent, u here
Ships may ride within Piltol fhotoftheTown. Thelfland contains
thirty>«rix. Parifhes, five or fix Religious Convents four Hofpitals,
fix or feven thoufand Houfes, twenty five thoufand Inhabitants,
and fo many Gardens, that the whole feems a Garden of plea*
fure.

The Ifland Porto SanBo hath much what the fame Commodities with
/H2i?'f>'^, bat is not above eight or ten Leagues in Circuit, thought to be
the Cerne of Ptolomy-t and reckoned for the mod remote Colony, which
the Carthaginians h:id in the Weftern Ocean*. Between the C>/7^rfVj;
and the Madera'^s, I find two fmall Iflands called ^^/z^-^^'f/ in' fome
Maps, but in the Sea-Charts I find only a heap ofSao^^i.and no dc-
.fcription of them in any Geography.

534

The Ifindf of Cafe V E R D.

T~f^l^E Iflands which are in the parallel of Cafe Ferd^ are to the
X number often, and bear the name of th^ Cape, which lies in
the mofc Wellern part of all Africa. The Antients call'd them Ht-
fperides and Gorgades, and the Fables plac'd there the Orchards with
Golden Apples which were kept by a Dragon. Chriftopher Colnmbus
faid, they were falfly nam'd, for in his third V^oyage he found them
to be dry and barren. They are, for the moft part, pofTelTed and
inhabited by the Portitgals^ who tranfport thence Salt and Goats-
skifis^ of which they make excellent Cor ^j/ez/^w/j. There is in one of
thcfe Iflands, called Mayo., fo great quantity of Salt, that it is faid it
could load above two thoofand Sail of Ships, fo that the Flemings/

call

The lliands of Cafe V E K D. '^^■

call thecn all the JJIands of Salt. The principal Ifland is thst of Saint
Jdgoor James's-, with a City of the fame iVame, which is none of
the beft inhabited, through the unwholfomnefs of the Air. The
A'ine other Iflands are Saint ^nthmy^s. Saint Fmcem^ Saint Ltice^
Saint Nicholas., the Ifle of Salt, Bona Fijia^ M(\yoy 1. de Fi^go^ and
Brava. There are fome, wherein there are no Inhabitants bjt only
Goats. The neighbouring Ocean bears the A/ame of <?ree;?, by reafon
that it is covered with a kind of Green and Yellow Weed, foithgt it :
looks like a Meadow. .,\-Ni*'.vv r

There are four things which to me Itrongly prove, that the
Iflands of Ca^e Verd do rather anfwer to the fortunate Iflands of
Ptdomy., than the Canaries ^ i . Their difference of Latitude, for Pto-
lomy placeth his fortunate Iflands between the tenth aud ffxteenth.-
Degree of Latitude, the Canaries are about twenty eight Degrees of
Latitude.

2. Their diftance in regard of the Coaft of Jfrica, which Ptolamy
makes the neareft difliance to be eight Degrees, when as the furtheft-
of the Canaries is not fo much*

3. The difpofition of their Situation from Eafl: to Weft, for Ptolo^
my confines his Fortunate Ifles almoft under one Meridian, tht Cana.,
ries contain five or fix Degrees in Longitude.

4. In refped of their Situation from AT^orth to South j for Ptolomy
extends thofe four or fix Degrees of Latitude, whereas the Canaries
lie all in the fame Degree of Latitude, however I ftiali fubmit to bet-
ter judgments therein/

The Ifle of Saint Thomas., under the Equator, affords a great quan-
. tity of Sugar, but the Air is bad for ftrangers that come to live there ^
for they never grow bigger than they were at their firft arrival. The
Portugals were the firfl that lubdu'd it. The bell Town in it is Pa-
vaofan., containing about feven hundred Houfes, with a Fortrefs in
the Eaftern partof thelfland- It has fe\reral Trees like thofe in the
Ifland of Fey, which diftil Water continually for theufe of the In-
habitants. Hogs Flefli is more wholefom and nourifhing than Fowl,
by reafon they feed their Hogs with Sugar Canes.

The JJlarid of the Prince ( fo call'd becaule the Revenue of that Ifland
is appointed for the Maintenance of the Prince ofPortn^al) yields fome
Fruit, Sugar and Ginger.

Annobon is fo called, becaufe it was firft difcoveied upon the firft day
of the year. The iPor/«^^/j live toward the A'^orth part thereof ^ it
yields Sugars, Cottons, Cattle, and exceflent Fr^iis, snd OrangeSj
that in the year 1623. weighed twelve-oucces.

536 The ipnds of Cape V E R D.

Saint Heliens-f fixteen Leagues in corapafs in the Ethiopick^Se^^ high
and mountainous. There is no Ifland in the World fo far diftant
from the Terra Firma^ 'tis called tht Sea-Im, becaufe they that re-
turn from the Eafi-Indies ftop and refrelh there, and in the Vaiiies it's
very Fertile, the Air fo healthful that fick Perfons are in a ftiort time
reftored to their Health, well furniilied with good Water, which
alone is a great refreflacnent to the Ships, and of fo great impor-
tance, that the EngUjh keep and poflefs it in defpite of Portugals^
SfAniards or Dntch^ or any other that difpute with them the i^omi-
nion of the Sea.

The Iflands of femando^ Saint Matthews and Afcenfion^ are not in-
habited,andofno great accoant, only they afford Fowls, Wild Beafts,,
and Fifh.

Zocotora, and BeheUMendel-^ lie toward the RedSea, where the
paffage is nsoft convenient from the Coall of y^frick:, Zocotora, near
Cape Gnadarfu^ is under the Juiifdidion of an Arabian King. It
is a good Road, and hath very convenient Bays, where Ships may
ride fecure among the very Rocks. It affords excellent Filhing, Cat-
tk in great abundance, and is famous for the goodnefs and quantity
ofitsAiaes.

M/xdagAfeay

Of MA DAGASQAKandthe IJlands adjacent 5 J7

Mu4da£jtfc4r, Nadecafe by the Natives ^ Zazandib by the Arahsy
AfdMHthyas Ptol. Aiagafter^ by Ai. P. Fenet. AlbAgra^ Thev,
Do Cerne^ Merc. Dauphin Ifland by the Frenth ^ St- Laurence by Tripan
d' Acmna the Portngalf who difcovered it, An. Dom^ i $08. tho' great
is the difference in Spasiflj Writers about the firft that landed here,
lies in the Eaftern, which we call the Indian Sea -, it is the biggeft
of all the Iflands that belong to Afi tea -., from whence it does not lie
above a hundred or ninety Leagues diftant. Nor is there any Ifland
in the World of fo vaft an extent : For it is in length above three
hundred and forty of our Leagues, and about one hundred broad.

538 Of MA D AG A'SC A R,'a^dthe Ipnh ndjacent.

Its chief Ports are the Bay o^Antcngil^ or St- Jnthony^ the befb in all the
Iflands: Further towards the North, ^<?*z«;ir<?^f ^ towards the Souths
Amoada-i CacnmbcHt^ Manialouje-y Manajara^ or the Port of FmneSy
Matataney A^sjuapatc, or the Port of Gallions^ Adanatenga-f jinam-
hold. Fort dei trancoli^ Sancia Clara-, Bay St. Lncia^ Fort Dauphin \
Cape Romdn \ Cape St. Mario ^ Port St. Anguftin •, Port Samago^ or
St. James J "Port St. f^i'ic em ^ Terra del Gada^ Terra de St. An drOy f^in-
gagora^ &c. According to our Relations, the Air is temperate enough,
the Soy I produces feveral forts of Grains and Trees \ the Waters are
excellent, and the Fruits delicious. The iMountains^are full of Wood,
Pafturage and Plants of divers forts, and the Champain Country
is water'd with Rivers and Lakes full of Firti. Pity it is, that fo
noble an lfland>, and fo populous, fhould continue fo long un-
civilized, and corrupted with Mahumetifm and Heathenifm, and
eftranged from God and Virtue, and feated fo advantageoufly for
Traffick with all the World- They tranfport from thence Rice,
Hides, Wax, Gums, Chriftal, Steel, Copper, Ebony, and Woods of fe-
veral forts. Among the iVativea there are both Blacks and Whites^
generally Strong, Active and Courageous, delighted with Sports, A^o-
velties. Hunting, Hawking, Filhing and Dancing are their Recrea-
tions : iVature abhorring Cruelty, inftrudls them to punifh Murther
with Death •, Adultery with publick Shame ; Theft with Banilh^
ment : Ignorant they are in Agriculture and Learning,, for to them
Nilfcire^ nihil Jkcundius,

There are in Madagafcar a great number of particular Lords,-
who bear the Title of Rohandrians, who are continually at War
among themfelves for their Cattle. The Englijh., Portugals and Hol-
landers h^ve fometimes fet footing there. The E»glijh in the Bay,
of St. Angufiin.i and at Voxt del Gada. The Portugals in the Bay of
G alliens. The Hollanders in the Bay o(Antongil : But fmce the ered-
ing Fort Dauphine., the French have affum'd to themfelves all the Eaft-
crn and Southernn part of the Ifle.

Madagafcar fits as Emprcfs amonglt many fmaller Iflands, which
dc>, as it were, inviron and defend her : The Chief whereof are the
Ifle Bitrbony otherwife ciiUed Mafcarenhas., twenty five Leagues
ling, and fourteen broad, it belongs at this day wholly to the
French. In this Ifland there is a Mountain that vomits Fire -, but the
reft of the Land is the beffc and moft pleafant in the World, for
the Waters are very wholefome, and there are moft of the Commo-
dities which are in the lOand of Madagafcar^ This is alfo call'd by our

Sea-men

0/ MA D A, Q JSCAR a»d the I/lands adjacent, 53 9

Sea-men England's Foreft* The other Iflands are Mauritius^ or Cernc'^

v^shere the VarUtion was twenty four -Degrees and nineteen Minutes,

,'i7^^^^(frkrf. Aulflandabounding with,and cabaIeof,all things requifite

i! for the neceflary ufe of Man, in circuit about one hundred EngJifk

Miles; the Air good, the Soil luxuriant in Grafs, Herbs and Flowers,

repleniflied with Trees of feveral forts, efpecially with Ebony, Cocos,

. jj and the Palm Tree : Saint ^polonia^ and others, the Names and Sicua

I! tions whereof you may fee in the Map.

Nine Leagues from Madagafc'ar He the Sholes or Baixos £ IndU^
memorably dangerous for Shipwrabks, as are alfo John de Nova-) and
FrimerOj or St- Chrifiopher upon the Baixos d' Practl.

The Ifles oiChumro are four, viz.. Chimro^ MstilUt where the P^a~
.rUtion was fixteen /degrees and twenty Minutes, Joanna and Mayotta.

*l t t 1 AUliha

540

Of MALTHA.

50 "^Z^^

RAl^EUJf

IwllllllllllllWlllllllllll

/jz'7lrr^/i>

MAlth^i feated almoft in the middle of the Mediterranean, was
formerly call'd Melita from its plenty of Hony. It is faid to
belong to j^fnca^ as beirg nearer to that Coafl than the Coaft of £«-
>Gpe ; and for that the Aialte(i partake more of the Cuftoms and Man-
neisof the Africans than of the Europeans.

The Ifland had forn-ierly the fame Lords as Sicily. Now it is the
Refldence of the Knights of St. John of Jerufalemy under one Prince
vvhom they call the Grand Mafter, the Patron of the Order. The
Emperor Charlts the Fifth gave it to the Knights who had no cer-
tain Refldence after the lofs o^Rhodesy having formerly refided at Je-
rkfiUfn^ Mar^^at^ Acra^ ^nd Li mi fo in the lH^nd of Cyprus . The Or-
der is compos'd of eight Languages, Provi?jce^ Mvergne^France^ Italy.,
.Arag^n^ Enilandj Ccr/na^jy and CaJIjU. The three Languages of

France^

Of M A L T H J, 541

France^ have three hundred Commanderies ; but the reft of the five
altogether have no more. The Name of Knights was not irt ufe at
the beginning of the Inftitution '-, being then call'd the Hofpitallers
of St. John oijerufakm.

The Soyl of the Ifland, which is not above two Foot deep, prod ces
Cuminieed, Annileed and Cotton Wool *, here is but little Corn and
Wine, fo that Sicily fupplies that defed. The Ifland is not above
twenty three Miles in length, and twelve broad. It is the belt fortifi'd
place in the World* as beingtheBJwarkof Chriftendom, there be-
ing above three hundred Cannons mounted upon all her Fortrefles.

The Rofes oi Maltha contend for fweetnefs with thofe ofPa/^am ^
and the Hony with that of HybU or Hymettm. The Air is clear and
healthful, and the Inhabitants live long. The New City f^aUttn is for-
tified with impregnable Walls and Bulwarks. There are alfo three
other confiderable Towns, viz.. the IfoU^ or the Town Senglea^ with
the Fort of St- Michael-, which, for its flout reliflance it made in 1 565 .
againft the Turki-, obtained the A^ame of C»Vf^ Jnvitta. The other,
the Bor^o del Caftello a Mare^ guarded with the Caftle St- Angela., for its
Valor and Fidelity againft the Of^o/»<2« Army, 1 569^ was honoured with
the Title ofCina f^ittoriofa. Laftly, the Old City, called Mdua, now
Citta Notabiley about the middle of the ifland : To which we may add
about thirty or forty great Cafales or Viflages, and twenty fix Parifli
Churches j the number of Inhabitants according to a Survey taken
1632. were 50112, of which about \- may be now accounted fighting
Men. The number of Knights arefaid to be between two or three
thoufand : And the number of Slaves about two thoufand belonging
to the Order,befides three hundred to private Perfons, befides thofe in
the Gaflies. The great Mafter of the Order is now Prin e and Chief
Governor of the whole Ifland •, and the Ifland now is in a very flou-
rifhing condition, fo that few Subjeds live more happily.

G0Z.0, of old GaiilosyZ little Ifland near to Maltha affords Wheat and
other Grain ^ and the grand Mafl:er is call'd Prince thereof. It main-
tains about three thoufand Perfons, and about five hundred Houfes, in
the year 1 565. the Tttrkifli Armata moft inhumanly wafted it, and car-
ried away fix thoufand Prifoncrs.

Between Maltha and Goz^o lies a little Ifland, called CominOt Her
phtefiia of old, guarded with a Fort oppofite to that in Cozo. And to the
youngKnights, whofe Valor defer ves reward, he gives the Title, o£
Ptincc of Forfolo^ which is a Rock not. far from the Coaft.

AMERICA

A M E R I C A

TH IS fourth and lafi: part of the World is call'd the A'cjy,
IVorU^ New for itslaft difcovery, World for its greatnefs •,
'tis likewife commonly, but improperly, termed ^merkaiS^nd
often the VVefi Indies ; what kind of Countrey it is, and what it pro-
duceth we now do know in part, but fliall know better in future
-'^ges.

This great part of the Earth was unknown to ihtEnropeans imxWlhz
year I4.92- whenit pleafed /divine Providence (God having promifed,
that his Gofpel fnould be preached to all Nations ) to flir up one Chri-
j^opherColo?}-, Qlids Co! fimbtis^ ^Genoefr^ who (^whether by confidering

the

Cf d M t Kl € A. 54^'

the fijotbn of the Sun, he did perfwade himfelf that there was ano-
ther World, to which that glorions Planet did Communicate both its
Light and Heatt when it went from us *, or, whether he was informed
af it from A:onfo Zamhes^ we know not j certain it is, this World he
purpofed to feek after, and opening his delign to the state oiGenoay
m the year 14^6. was by them' rejeded, who therefore fent his Bro''
th-er to King /^^;z7 the. Seventh oi Y^ngland^ which MeiTenger, whe-
thei" being taken Prifoner by Pyrates, and detained a long while, or
deferred at Court after his Addreis,we find not certainly related \ but
true it is, that in the mean time Chrijiopher Colmibiis conceiving the
offer of his fervice negleded, apply'd himfelf to the Court oi Spain ^
where after fix years Attendance,he was st laft furnifhed with three
Ships,onIy fordifcovery, with which he failed upon the Ocean more
than fixty day?, and could lee no Land, fo that the Spaniards began
to mutiny ^ and Columbus was forced to promife to return again, if
they could not fee Land in three days time, when toward the end oi
the third day, one of the company defcried Fire. The place difco-
vered was an Ifland on the Goaft of Florida^ by the Natives calkd
Gunahamf now Salvador., where landing his Men, he took poflefiion
of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon^ and IfabelU his
Wife, Queen of C^/;/?, Odoberw. 1492. After whom Jo^« C<(j^.^f, a
Venetian^ in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of Ew^/^W, in the year
1 497. difcovered all the North Eafl Co-alt thereof,from Cape Florida to
the South beyond NevpfoundUnd in the North, caufing the RoyaUts to
turn Homagers to that King, and to the Crown of England, Next after
himifucceeded Americas refpufnsjZ F/orf«/;«f, em ployed by Emanuel the
King oi Portugal^ Anno 1 501 . upon a defign of finding out a nearer way
to the MoIhccos than by the Cape of good Hope^who though he paiTed no
further than the Cape oi Augufiine on the Coaftof Brafl, yet from him
this Country is called America. A% for this vaft trad of Groand in gene-
ral,it has the advantage of being tempera te and fruitful,by reafonof its
great and fair rivers, and the frefh breezes that blow in the Torrid Zoncy
whereby we find that the caufe of violent or remifs heats does not al-
ways proceed from the nearnefs or diltance of the Sun *, but many times
from the Situation oftheplace,thedifpofal of the Mountains or Lakes,
the Quality of the Soil, and the Nature of the Winds that blow.
• The Wealth of America is fo valt, that Spain has drawn, and ftill
draws from thence, prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver, and the
Mines ofPotop have furnifhed him with many Millions. There are no
Treafures comparable to thofe related to be found in pofTeflion of Ana-
i>alippa,^nd GnimacapayKlngsofPerii,'2ind to the precious Houfhold-ftufF
of the City of C^/co. It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns of

thofe.

544 Of AMERICA,

thofe Kings to behold Temples all plated withSilver,and to fee Horfes
covered with flatesof Gold. ThtSfaniards affirm,that their Kings Re-
venue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impo-
fitions which he lays upon goods tranfported thence, as Gold, Silver*
Pearls, Emraulds, Skins, Sugar, Tobacco, Cochenille, Sarla-parilla,
Ginger, and other things- The firft Expence upon the difcovery of
j4merica^Q2mz but to fifteen thoufand Ducats, which were advanced to
Columhus by the 5/?<««i/Jj Secretary of State, and not taken out of the
Treafuries of the King. As for the Original of this People, it ismoft
probable,that they did defcend from the Tartar s^ if fo be that the Weft
iidtoi America be continent with ^fia^ or disjoyned but by a very
fmall ftrait, as 'tis defcribed in fome Maps.

But from whatfoeverRoot they did firft come, certain it is,that they
had fettled here many Ages fince,and overfpread all the parts and quar-
ters of this large Continent.

But their numbers are much wafted fince the Spaniards difcovery^for
fome Authors affirm, that they put to death above fifteen Millions of
iVatives in lefs than fifty yearsyand that the blood of thofe that perifti-
ed in the Mines, where they were forced to labour, weighed more than
all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence.

At the firft Arrival of the Spaniards^ they found the People naked,
reafosably fair and clear, little inclining unto that Wacknefs which is
natural to moft of the Africans^ and to fome of the Afiaticks ihzt in-
habit under the fame Clime.

Ignorant they were of all things they had feen, wondering exceed-
ingly at the Spaniards S\nYiszTidi Horfes, and ftrangely admired to fee
them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter ;
yet 'tis reported,the Mexicans had fome knowledge of the Deluge^ that
they believed the Soul could not die, and the Body Ihould revive \ that
thofs that lived honeftly and juftly, or offered up their Lives for de-
fence of their Country, fhould find aplaceofeverlafting peace and hap-
pnefs : So QStural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality, and of
fome Vbi for the future reception of it.

They have as many Languages as Towns, which may be the reafon
we have fo little knowledge of their Original ; They are naturally
a^tive^, fwift Runners, ?.nd good Swimmers.

The A^kxicans and Vcrnam^ were the only Americans that lived in Ci- •
ties, which Cities, tho' founded by People which we call Savages, were
no way inferior to ours in i://^opf, eitherfor bignefs or magnificence.

The Spam^rds poflefsthe largeft, the richeft, and the moft fertile
Provinces ^ among the reft Mexico amd P<r«, formerly two famous
Kingdoms, the firft Ele(ftive,the otlier Hereditary, and claim it all as

their

Of J M E R I C J, ■ 545

their right,b'y Virtue of the donation of Pope Jlexander the Sixth, ia
the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their confent»
The PortugHefes have the Coafl; q{ Brafl.Tht French have their Colonies
in Canada^ in feveral Iflands,and upon the firm Land- The En^Ujl} are
fairly feated all along the Coafl of North America^ and in the Iflands.
And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and
on the lilands : For fo rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spamards^
who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of fo wealthy a Country,
and to have enjoyed without a Rival the polleffion of fo fair a Miftrefs.

The Seas that compafs this Continent are,on the Eafl:,that common-
ly called the North Sea, or Mar del Nort 5 on the Wefl, the South Sea,
or Mar del Znr^ and on that part which hides its felf under the Pole of
theErymanthean ^f^r, to the South of the Straits of Magellan, the
iVbrth and South Seas meet and embrace togetherjdividing it as is fup-
poled, from either Pole.

Divided it is into two great parts or PeninfiiU's, by the IJJhmns of
FanamayNVL' Mexicana on the A^orth, and Pernana, on the South.

(?y Peruviana or South Ammcsi,

THis part of the two great PenhfuUst into which the vafl Con-
tinent of the New World doth now ftand divided, extends it lelf
from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator iVorth,unto the four and
fiftieth Southerly, and is now by Geographers divided into thefe King-
doms or Parts, viz.. CaftelU delOr, by (bmc C^WqA Terra Fir ma^ Gui-
ana-f The j^mazcnSy PerHy Chili, Brajfily Paraguay, or La Plata, and Terra
Magellanica.

Its form approaches near a Triangle, whoie fides are almoft equal.

[ts fituation is for the moft part under the Torrid Zoue, the reft un-
der the Antartick temperate Zone,

The Coafts of this part of the World are in part known to us, but
the Inlands very little.

And here I mufl beg pardon for my digreflion, from the afual Order
and Method of Geographers, for being neceflarily oblig'd to wait
upon fome of our iVorth American Proprietors, for a more exad De-
fcription than what is generally extant : And the haftc of the Prefs
preffing me for more Work, I was forced to take this Courfe to begin at
the mofb Southern part oi America-^ and to proceed to the more iVbr-
therly, and fo finilh this Circle ofGeography. Gome we therefore to

A a a a . Magellanic a

MJGELLdNICJ.

"^yl AgelUnica ties upon the South of America^ near the Streight of
i VJL M^gellm^ whofe Name it (till retains, though fometimes caird:
the Country of the Tatagons. It is a very poor Country, and fubjeft to
cold, by reafon of the high Mountains, where the Snow lies almolt
all the year. As for the Natives, they live in Caves, and adore tht
Devily that he may do them no harm. The Spaniards^ Englijh and
Dutch, have given various Names to the places where they have been.
In the nrit partoftheReignofKingP/ji//^ the Second, the Spaniards
built Cividaddel Key FhUiffe^'diTA feveral other Forts upon the Eaflern
Ejltrancein the Straits of Afagdmj to hinder their Enemies from paf-

Of MAGE L'l A N I C A. 547

ling that way •, but all fignified little or nothing, becaufe of the wide-
nefsofthe Streight, and the whole Colony peri/hed for wantofPro-
vifions. For which reafon that City was afterwards called the Port of
Hunger. Port Saint JulUn^ where Magellan winter'd, and puniihed
. iiis Mutineers. Port Dcfire upon the Eaftern Coaft : This Port, other-
' wife called Bay debs Trabayos, has an entrance about half a Lcngae
broad, with two litlk Iflands, and two Rocks,which are not to be feen
at high Water. The Soil is a white Sand without Trees. However
there is freih Water, of which the Ships provide themfelves that are
bound toward the Streight. Magellan^ Drake^ CavenSJJj, Oliver of the
North, Maire, Schohton, and Others have all pafTed the fame Streight-

The relations of the 5/7^w^r^i a(Rrm, that there are Men there ten
foot high. Thof^ relations add, Demi-Giants,that will carry each of
them a Tun of Wine, &c. They call them Paragons- The Englijlj who
lately pafTed the Magellan Streight report things quite contrary, and
fay, that the iVatives of that Country are no bigger than our Europeans.

In the year 166^, his Majefty of Great Britain,his Royal Highnefs the
Dukeof rori^^and feveral others of the ^obility,defigned a beter difco-
very of the Southern part of C^/// : In order whereunto were two Ships
fent out,the one called the Sweep/lakesyundec the Condu(ft of the adven-
tiiroas and worthy Commander, Sir John NarhoroHgh,znd the other the
Batchelor-tVfho proceeding on their Voyage,near the Streightsof /i/^^^/
/<#«, about Rioi>.Jnliany lofing one the other, the Batchelor returned
home with an apprehenfion that his Confort was loft : But contrarily
the Smepjiak^s very honourably proceeded on her Voyage ; pafled
through the Streights into Mar-del-Zur, and failed all along the
Goaft of Chili unto Baldiviay which is under the Command of
the Spaniards., who by a pretended friendfhip betrayed and detained
four of the Englijh^ all endeavors of Sir John for their Relief being in-
efredual,he was forced to leave them behind, and To he returned back
through the Streights, and in Jme 1 671 . came to Lon'don, giving great
hopes and exped;ation of a very advantageous Trade in thofe Parts,by
reafon of the abundance of Gold and Silver in that Country. Out of
whofe Journals I have taken thefe following Memorials, That the dif-
ference of Longitude from St. Jago to Penguin lOand was 46'' 3 8"",
and Meridian diftant was 2321 Miles iv Soals Bay in Latitude 8'^ 1 5"".
at the iVorth end of this Bay was a Rocky Ifland full of Seals, there-
fore called Seals Bay,

In Spiring Bay lie three Rocky Iflands.

On the A'orth fide of Spiring Bay., Penguin ifland about a Mile
and a half from the Main, fofuU of Penguins., that they knocked them
down with fticks, and are about the bignefs of a Goofe, they cannot

A a a a 2 fly»

548 Of MAGELLANIC J,

fly, nor go very fanr, having no Wings but fmall Stumps that they
iwim with, that they get their Food ont of the Sea.

Pert Defire lies in the Latitude 47^^ 30*", and from St. 7^^046"* 38™
Longitude, where is fix Fathom Water, at low M'ater iVorthward :
Of[Port Defire there lies a League of Rocks,and are about a League from
the Shore : And on the South-fide is Penguin Ifland, and jufl at the
entrance of it,on the South fide, is a fpiredRock, much like a Steeple
or Watch Tower, which is a good Mark, and flands about ' a Mile
from the Sea fide, and the River runs up about thirty Miles: A bar-
ren Land, little Wood, or frelh Water, and no People were feen by
the Engltji} : There were great ftore of Wcyetnacks or Spanijh Sheep j
plenty of Hares and Eflriches ^ abundance of Ducks, Mallards, alfo
DLicks,Curlews, Black- fhanks. White breafts,and greet blew Ducks as
big as Geeff, and ftore of Seals •, upon an Ifland, up the River, the
EngUjli found a piece of Lead nailed to a Poft, and a Tin -Box with a
Paper left by Captain Jagns Lamir^ dated December'^. i5i$. It is
high Water at twelve of the Clock upon the Full Moon or Change ; and
at Spring Tides it Ebbs and Flows about three Fathoms right up and
down \ the Harbors mouth is but narrow, being about a Musket-fhot
from fide to fide.

Fort Julian lies in the Latitude of 49^^ og'" : A Mile within theA/arrow,
there is nine Fathom Water at high Water,and but four Fp.thom at low
Water ; the Chanel going in liesS. W. and N. E. and when in the Har-
bor it lies S. S. W. and N.N.E. 'Tis high Water at half an hour paft
eleven at Full Moon,or at Change,the Water rifeth and falis about foir
Fathom and a half In the Harbor there are feveral Iflands,and alio two
Ponds within a Bow-fhot of the Water- fide, the one is Salt-water, the
other Frefh. The Harbor affords great ftore of Wild Fowl, as at Port
Defire : And the Land, Weyetnacks, Ef^riches, Hares, &c. Here were
feen five or fix Indians^ and about nine Miles W. from the Harbors
Mouth was found a great large Salt Pond full of good Salt about three
Miles long, and one Mile in breadth.

Beach Head in Latitude 50'^ oo"', from which about ten Miles Jies
the Hill of St. /-c;^/.

Cape Firgin in Latitude 5 "^ 1 5"" South Latitude •, from the pitch of
this Cape S. W. there lies a Beachy Point, about a League into the
Sea, that has little Bufhes growing upon the top thereof

The firft Narrow of the Mageilan Streights, which is about three
Leagues in length, and in the narroweft part about one League over :
The Water deep, no ground with forty fathom of Line : At the
Mouth of the entrance, it was high Water at eight of Clock on the
Full Moon, and on the Change. The diftance between the firft and

fecond

Of MAGELLANIC A, 549

fccond Narrow is about ten .Leagues, and in breadth about fix
Leagues.

The fecond Narrow is about three Leagues in length, and four or
five Miles broad, in \\ hich were Queen Enz.abcth\ Illand, upon which
were feen thirty JndianSy St. George'^s Ifland, St. Bartholomew's
■* Ifland, &c.

About Port Famine the Hills are very high? and covered with Snow \
but the Land towards the Water fide was lower, and fail of good
Timber Trees.

In Fortefcii's Bay-^ or Tort Gallant^ Water floweth ten Foot, and 'tis
high Water about ten of the Clock on the Full Moon.

About Cape Mimday was obferved fixteen or fe .en teen Degrees
Variation, and is about thirteen Leagues from Cape Befire-

The Englifj went up Segars River by Boat about nine Miles,and two
by Land,but could fee no Inhabitants.

From Cape ^/*<«i^<» to the Liz.ardy the difference of Longitude was
found to be 60'* 45™ [v, and Meridian diftance eight hundred and
forty Leagues.

The Weft Entrance of the Streights of Magellan is S3 '^of South
Lat. and the Eaft Entrance lies in 52'^ 20"" : The length is an hundred
and ten Leagues. The bieadth in fome places two Leagues, in others
not two Miles over, and is famous for the paflage of Magellan, Drake^
Cavendifh^ Oliver^ Van Norths S com en, &c.

There is another paOTage between the South Sea,and the Atlantick
Ocean, calYdFretum la Maire^ found out in the year 1 5i 5. much more
convenient than the former, being about ten or twelve Leagues of
length and breadth, and then a large Sea formerly fuppofed to" be
Terra Auftralis or Terra Incognita.

That o( Brewers difcovered in the year 1643. hath the fame ad-
vantages as that of La Maire.

Chili

55°

Of C H I L I.

C^'/» bears the Name of one of her Vallevt thrs«„u r r ■ .
. lb called by reafon of the Cold WeS'in thelS^fnl" ■ ^'^',1? 't
environ it toward the iVorth and Eart T^e 5 ffi^XT'nl''''
hroigh theleMountaios obliges the Sfa.Jds to go t Sea ^1?.
they have biilinefs at ClnU. Thev have roflerpri i? . r ''?"
y^ar , 5 54. at which time rhey conq'^.e ed t unSefln of 7he ll" "''
in iome parts of this Country the Soil is fo fcrdle anrf nl.^rff -^r''
no part otzy^enca more refembies flf./ltTi ds 01? td,es'r^"
per. the fined Gold in the World ; and there r^fo Lany Mine/ ^h?r
Cmu IS reckon d bat one plate of Gold, which makes theKi^lZ''}
WKe more than ordinary care for its prefe vatk.n So tha^ t^col r"
n'oreio d«end that place, than all th'e reft of Z'vf' The C^idTs

however

Of C H I L I. ' 5 c I

however fo exccfllve, that Mmagrelo^ more Men and Horfes by the
Cold, than by the 5word ^ at the end of foin Months after he invaded
it, the Inhabitants found fome of his Horiemen that were dead, and
fate in a living pofture, as frefh as if they had bat newly taken Horfe :
Their Rivers r'ln only in the day,being frozen all the night long, not-
withilanding there are feveral Mountains that caft forth Fire The 5p^-
niards have a Governor there, who is under the Vice-Roy ofPtm. The
Savages being governed by their Captains. The J/auqna zbovQ ^W
the reft made fuch a refiftance, that the Spaniards were forced to make
a Peace with them in the Year 1 64 1. In all America there are no People
more Valiant or more Warlike than thofe ^raaqnesiThz'^ know how to
make Swords, Muskets, and Cnirafles ^ as alfo how to range themfelves
in Battel, to fight r€treating,to encamp to advantage, to fortifie and
to ufe Stratagems ; all which they learn by having feen butonce.They
have often furprili'd and ruin'd Cities, mailacred Garrifons, andde*-
molifhed the Fortrefles ArAuchOyFuren-t and Ta-Capel In fhort,an Aran-
^He will not be afraid at any time to encounter a Spaniard.
. St-J'^gOy LaCoNceptio, and Jmperiak are the principal Cities oi Chili.
La'CofJceptio is the ReHdenee of the Governor, by reafon of the neigh-
bourhood of the Jiranqnes, Falpariafo is an excellent Port for the City
of Saint T<igo. Mocha., five Leagues from the Continent, is a little Ifland
upon theCoaft, where the Ships oft-times take in frefh Water, and vvhi--
thermany of the Inhabitants retired from the cruelty o^thQ Spaniards.

La Sarena^ taken and fired by the Bnccaniers. It had feven Churches,
and one Chappel, the Houfes neatly furnilhed. In the Gardens were
Strawberries as big as Walnuts.

At Ifle dejmn Fernandez.^ in Latitude 3 3'^ 40"" neither Fowl nor Fiih .

At ElGuafco the Bnccaniers got flore of Sheep and Goats,Lat28'^ 40"'

Near Point St. Helena is a Rock which runneth into the Water for
half a Mile, diftant about eight Leagues, called Chanday^ where nfjany
Ships are loft.

0/ Paraguay Rio de la Plata.

THE Name i^^ Plata is common to the Country, and to a great Ri-
ver that waters it, 'twas given thereunto in confideration of the:
Mines,and the Silver which they firft got from thence. The Country-
is very pleafant and delightful, for it abounds in Corn, Vineyards^:.
Fruit-trees and Cattel in abundance. A fumpt ion istht chief Place in
the Country, where the Spaniard keeps a Garrifon? near to which is a ,'

greafe

552 Of L A P L J T A,

great Lake in the midfl whereof is a great Rock,raid to be two Fathom
above the Watcr.The true FaragHayXm toward the head of the River,
that bears the fame naiTie,which in our Language fignifies the River of
feathers. P^?-^^"^ lies along by theRiver fide,wherein there are Catarads
or falls of Water above a hundred Cubits high. Buems Airesism^ of
the belt Colonies, by reafon of its Commerce with Braf^vom whfence
it receives the Merchandizes of Europe. Which is the reafon, that in-
vites the Spaniards th i ther from Potcfi to exchange their Ingots fot fuch
neceffaries as they want j notwithllanding the rigorous Prohibitions
of their King, whofe duties are loft by that means. Chaco is a fruitful
Country interlaced with many Rivers. ThQ Tobares were about fifty
thoufand, and a valiant People. The C^/V-«i^«<i»e/ will not fuffer the
Spaniards to livejmong them. In this Country grovi' great Trees of
which the Natives make Boats all of, a piece.They mark out their
Highways by the fellings of their Trees •, and in regard thefe Trees
are fomc black, fome green, fome red, fome yellow, the Forefts afford
apleafant profpedl.

The Orchonszie remarkable for the bignefs of their Ears. Accord-
ing to the relations of the year 1627. there are in PUta^ a more ci-
viliz'd People, and more capable to learn our Arts, and our Religion,
than in all the other parts oi America: For they fay,that,according to
a Tradition delivered to their Fathers by St. Thomas^ whom they call
St. Sume^ certain Priefts Ihall come into their Country and inftrud
them in the way of their Salvation.

"Jucuman is a very temperate Country,interdivided with feveral Ri-
vers which having water'd the Plains,fall into the great River oifla-
ta. The Inhabitants aredocible,loversofpeace rather than War : So
that the Spanifn Captain,that fubdu'd them had no great need of any
confiderabie force for that purpofc. They have many Cities, where
they live under the Jurifdi<^ion of the Caciques^ and their Wealth con-
fifts rather in Cattle than Mines.The Spaniards have a Governor there,
and the principal City is St. Jago de Eftro, in the mid-way between
^Mnos Ayres and Potofi. Then St. Miguel deTncHmen. N. S, de Taleve-
raon the River Salado. Cordub/i on the Road from Bnenos Ayres and
Potofi^ and from San^aFee to St. 7ago in Chili. The Qnirandies to the
Meridional part partake apparently ofthe So>/?/V?« humor : For they
live in Huts, that move upon Wheels, and have always made great re-
fiftance againft t\[t^pamards.Th^ Trapalandes^ th^ Juries tund Diaquites
are the moft famous.

Brafile

Of BRAS LL £.

P^^^ J*ro"'^^;4 ^ ■JltcEjrua.tor

iiMn»i_ '^ iiiu p inii!i.iii.il ■mUffli - ^liwr

BRaftle v/as called the Country of ths Holy Crofs^ when it was firft
difcovered, which was in the year i5;oi. in the name of the King
oi Portugal^ it extends it felf all along upon the iVbrth 5ea, toward the
iVorth and Eaft, with great Rocks near the Ihore under Water j the
diftances between which make federal good Ports : The bounds thereof
towards the Weft are not known : The Southern bounds are varioufly
placed, according to the Wills oiPortHgals and the Spaniards-^ for both
the one and the other interpret,according to their own fenle,the Regu-
lation that was made in the year 1493. and both claim the pofleflion
of the River of PUta, and the Molucca Iflands, making to that effed

B b b b Geographical

554 ^/ i> t< A ^ ^ L E,

Geographieal Miaps to their own advantage. By this Regnlation jilex^
arider the Sixth (whom Sixtns the Fifth extols for one of the three
greateft Popesof the Church) i nve lie d fey^w^w^ King Q>i Arragonr,
an d Jf^bel Queen oiCaftile his Wife, in all the Lands to the Weft of
an Imaginary Line, drawn from one Pole to the other, one hundred
Leagues beyond the Ifles of ^z^ores. That was difcovered to the Eaft
of this Line, was to belong to the King of Portugal ; the difficulty
was to put it in execution j for on the one fide, the CaftiUians began
to count thefe hundred Leagues from the moft Occidental part of the
Jz.oYcs ^ and the PortegMcfes reckon'd from the moft Oriental, with the
delign to exchange the Defertsof ^merica^ for the PofTeflion of the
wealthy Molucca's^ which were afterwards engaged to their King by
the Emperor Charles the Fifth, for three hundred and fifty thoufand
Duckets. At length,becaufe thefe two Nations could no more agree
in this particular than in many others, the Portu^ah accounted BrafUe
all that which extends from the River Maranhaon^ to the River oi
P/^/^t Southward \ and the Sp/tniarels phced the Southern bounds there-
of at Cape St. Fincents.

Tho' Brafile lie under the Torrid Zone-t nevcrthelefs the Air is tem*
perate, and the Water the beft in the World ; fo that the People live
often to the Age of an hundred and fifty years. Befides Brafile^ the.
Country produces Amber, Balfom, Tobacco, Train-Oil,Cattle,Sweet-
jneats, above all things Sugar in abundance. The neighbourhood of
Plata gives the Portnguefes great opportunities of fucking the Spaniards
Silver from Peru. 1 here aie in Brajile living Creatures, Trees, Fruits,,
and Roots not to be found any where elfe. The Serpents,. Adders,
and Toads have Poifon in them, and therefore the Natives feed up-
on them. The Plains are deftin'd for Sugar, the Hills for Wood> the
Valleys for Tobacco, for Fruits and Mandroche^ which is a certain
Rootr of which they make Bread. The moft part of the Villages do
not contain above an hundred or fixfcore Houfes. The Coaft of
Brajil is divided into kveralCapitanies, which belong at this day all
to the Portugals. The French had formerly fomething to do there j
but the H(?//<2Wfrjloft all their footing, in the year 1654. their Wars
with £«g/4W not permitting them to fend any relief^ and the Porr-
tkgals being far more numerous than they. Neverthelefs in the year
1662. the Porthgals treated with them to allow them fome damages,
to preferve their friendlhip, when they were to defend themfelves
againft the Spatiiards, Among all the Gr/j/>«««/f j Tamariva is the moft
antient,though the fmzUeit.Fofianhiico is efteemed the Terreftrial Pa-
ladifej by reafon of the bqauty of its Soil. Bahia de Todos los Santcs

contains

Of BRAZIL £. 555

contains the City of San Salvador^ the Rclidence of the Governor,
which was taken in 1624. by the HolUndersy who got fo much
Plunder there, that every Common Soldier had for his^are above
fifteen thoufand Crowns : But this good Fortune was the caufe of
their retreat, and their retreat gave the Pcr/^^/i// opportunity to re-
take it. The Capitame of Rio Janeiro-t which the Savages call Cx-
nabava-, is a great Rendevouz for Ships by means of a navigable Ri-
ver, or rather an Arm of the Sea, that runs up ten or twelve Leagues
into the Land, fome feven or eight Leagues broad. In the year 1658.
a Silver Mine was found in that Capitame. That of San l^tncent
contains Mines of Gold and Silver. The City of Santos is able to
harbor Veflels of four hundred Tuns in its Port, in the year 1 591. it
was aflaulted by Sir Thomas Cavendijh.

The People of Brajil go naked for the moft part, and will crofs
great Rivers by the help of a Pannier and a Cord. The Chief are
the ToHpinambous^ Les Margajas^ Tapnyes, and others who differ in
Manners and Languages, and are generally diitinguifhed by the
wearing of their hair. They were more numerous before the com-
ing of the Portngah^but feveral ToHpinambons^ to prelerve their liber-
ty, crofled the great Deferts, and went to live near the River /tfa-
ranahon. The Tapuyes are more difficult to be civilized than the
Brajiliam., which inhabit the Aldees. The Aldees are certain Vil*
lages, which contain not above ^lyi or feven Houfes, but very large*
and able to contain five or fix hundred Perfons. The raofl part of
the Inhabitants of^r^// have fo well defended themfelves, that, not-
withltanding the Wars they have had among themfelves, they have
however hindered the Europeans from making any progrefs in the
Conquefl of their Lands. And have alfo feveral times ruined the
Plantations and Engines belonging to the Sugar-works that arc
upon the Coaft.

B b b b 2 THE

§f the A M J Z^O N E.

1"'He River Amaz.one is the greateft and fwiftcfl River in American
It begins at the foot of the CordeUier Mountains eight or ten
Leagues from Qiiito : Fcom its Springs, to its approaches to
the Sea, is according to its courfe eleven or twelve hundred
Leagues, at its. mouth it is fifty or fixty Leagues wide: It is inha-
bited by abundance of People, and receives an innumerable Conipany
of Rivers. The Voyages of Texeira tells us, that the Counties about
the Amaz.one enjoy a temperate Air. That the Annual Inundations,
Uke to thofe of iV^/fjthc great quantity of Trees and Forefts,that the
pleafantnefs of their Fruits, the Verdure of their Herbs, and the beau-
ty of their Flowers, give refrefhment and delights to the Inhabitants
all the year long.

■ • That.;

Of P E RV. 55r

That'tis a Country fertile in Grains, rich in Pafriires, full with
Rivers and Lakes, ftored with delicate Fifhand Tortife, that their ^^
Honey is Medici.ua],,tiieit: Balm excellent for Wounds j that the^,
have inexhauftible quantities of Ebcny and Brazil, l!ore of C^i:o^
and Tobacco, pkntf^f Sugar Canes, and ^co» §>r the dying of
^^^^cariet^ befid% Gold, Silv^ry-and other Metals, which. are found

'l,>3V^hat they-obleifvedaH'Mi^red and fifty^inerent r Tatioas uponand
";^out th€B^nks of the ^>??i«40«6,of whicji.the Homagacs^ are excellent
^ for their Manufaarurespf Co|con Glo^th. <, iT^^e Corfipa^e! icr thi^it
Earthen Veflels^iThei^«fi#'ti^-th£ii^ Topi-

»^w«k^ for their poyver* J~ ^ '•^^^'^\?---^\,-'- .ni.^^^-
: .fli^for the j4mjtz.6man W^raen, from whence it is priftended this
Rivef took its name, many and fl:rang^u-^^iri$B§haye:fesen ^f

them. All I can find of it b^that v^j&MShe jAhafbitia^B tsrw^^^^
at the arrival of the Sp^w^rz/j, ther^ Were fame Women, lo^^^^
giousastobe amongfl: them, but never any Country of fuCij, and
therefore as fabulous, as thofe of whom the Cr^f^j have/formerly A^ri^ ;■
'fech wonders. "j^

-t— : 1 .*'■;■ ir. i! . I ". ■! I ■. f — -"- B

Of TERXM

;:ti{bi

PERV is a name fo remarkable^ that^imder the ;fame,many times
all the other parts of Southern An^rka. are cbrnprehended:It lies i1
almoft all under the Tornd Zone ; and yet it has not the 'qualities of"^^
the Countries in our Hemifphere, that lie under the fame Zone.
There are in it three forts of Countries, very different the one from
the other, the Plain, the Hill, and the And^L Th«''plab»Uesnear
the Sea, nothing delightful, being Sandy, and fllBjeft' tdCLi/rrh-
quakes. The hill y Country confilts of Vallies, Hills and Moun-
tains, where it is very cool. The -/^Wfj, where it almoft continu-
ally rains,, are very high Mountains, yet fertile and well peopled^
The plain is not above twelve Leagues broad, th^ Hilly Country
twenty *, and the- Andes a^ brqad as that. ' So that under the name
of Vertt are comprehencjed iQore Lands ' tlt^an are fubdued by the
Spaniards, .'

The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in. that Country^ w.here they have

par--

•'^y.

558 Of P E R V.

particularly fortified ^riea j being the place where the Merchandifes
of Lima^ and the Wealth of Potoji are brought. They invaded this
Kingdom under Piaarro^ in the year 1 525, But the Civil Wars that
enfued, hindred for Tome time the abfolute Conqueft of the Country.
The /w^i^e'?^ that cannot defend themfelves pay Tribute. The King of
Spain receives vaft Treafires out of the Mines of Pem. For the prin-
cipal Cities are full of it, and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but
Gold and Silver : So that Pent is certainly the richeft Country in the
World. And it is reported, that the Spaniards made above twenty
Millions of Ducates of their firft Voyage theither-

The Ways arc fo fecure from Robbery,that four Mufqueetersferve
for a Convoy for three or four thoufands Dacates.

The Inca^s were Hereditary Kings of Feru^for above three hundred
years before the Invafion of the Spaniards. They had made there two
•High-ways*, the one along the Plain, where it required an extraordi-
nary Expence to fettle the Sand, the other over the Mountain 5
where it was as neceflary to fill up the Valleys. Thefe High- ways
were «very one of them five hundred Leagues in length ^ and upon the
road ftood Houfes,whither Travellers were carried and entertained by
the Natives upon freecoft. The fame Inca^ had alfo reared Temples
to the Sun, to the Moon, and to the Stars, which they call Ladies at-
tending the Moon i to Lightning, Thunder, and Thunder- bolts •, and
to the Rain-bow, which they faid executed the Sun's juftice. It is re-
ported, that their Polities were not unlike thole of the Greeks ^ndi Ro-
mans-^ that their Government was mild, free and liberal : And that
they divided the Earth into three parts, the firft high,the fccondlow,
and the third under ground,(ignifying Earth,Heaven and Hell. Ataha-
Itppa.) viho was one of thofe Kings, faid. That the Pope was not a Wife
Man^ to give away that which was none of his own-, and that for bis part
he had morereafontoperferthe Divinity cf the Sunt than of a Man that
was CrHcified. He alfo threw away a £reviary^vf hkh they prelented,be-
caufeitfppkc ::evera word of Chrifl:,of whom they told him it re-
late<:J /great thi.n^s. This unfortunate Prince being defeated and
taken by the Spaniards at Caxamdca^ offer'd for his liberty as much
Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall feven and twenty
foot lQng> fixteen foot wide, and proportionably high ^ nevertheless
they put him to death, as a Tray tor and a Tyrant. It is not to
be wonderedi that the /»c«'s had fuch vaft ftorfi of Gold and Silver,
for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable
in their Temples ^alfo they put great numbers of Statutes of all pure
Gold, and ado rn'd with precious Stones. The Edifices wcrede-

molifhed

Of P E R V. 559

molifhed by the Spaniards, who expedted to find Gold in the Materials,
and in the cement of the Stones, though they got a prodigious Sum
befides.

The Provinces of Perttsve Qiiito, Lcs Reyes j LosCha^czs^ and La
Sierra: Qmo^ which produces much Gold, Cotton, and Phyllcal
Drugs, has a City of the fame Name, the Anient Refidence of
Jnca Guaynacapa. The Province de los Reyes^ contains the ctei]; Ci-
ties in the Country, !-/;«<« and C«/iro ; Lima is new, and one of the
bell in all America^ though it contain not above fix thoufand Inhabi-
tants. There are alio about four thoufand Negroes, but they keep
them difarm'd for fear of revoking. The great Trade of the Town,
the Refidenceof the Vice-Roy, and the Archbifliop make it the Ca-
pital City of Peru. Caliao a City and a Port two Leagues from.Li?nat
is able to receive and fecurc fa^eral Veflels. dfco built four hundred
years before the Spaniards took it, very well peopled, becaufe the King
ufually kept his Court, and obliged the Lords of the Country to build
them Houfes, anddwell in the City with their Children. The Pro-
vince de les CWc^xcontains the Cities of La PUtaandPotsf^ which
is the beft inhabited place in z\\ the Weji Indies, for it is ftored with-
all conveniences and delights of this Life v for which reafon feveral
People go to live there. The Silver Mines in her Mountains are cer-
tainly the richeft in the World, and no way fubjedt to the Water,as-
the other Mines are. The King of Spain had from thence a Million
of Ducates formerly for his fifth j but for fome time fince the Rent hoS.
fallen.

At the Ifland Ferica was the Fight between the Bmcaniers and Spa--
niards-, where the Buccaniers took five Ships j the Bnccaniers were but-
fij^y eight Men, theSpaniards two hundredand twenty eight..
At Gor^ona Ifland the Bnccaniers carreen'd.

At the lile o( Plate, Sir E. Z)r<«l:ff made the Dividend of that vafl.
quantity of Plate, which he took from th^S. yirmada^ which, theS^^-
niards fay,, was twelve fcore Tuns of Plate, and lixteen Bowls of
Coyned Money, fo that they were forced to h^ave fome over board-

Sumbes was the fir ft. Place the Spaniards fettled in chefe parts after;
P.anama, -

560 Of G V r J N A.

Of GVTANA.

THis Gountry has by fundry Europeans been called the Savage Coafl^
the Country of the AmaTLons^ El Dorado^ and Guyana. But this
laft name, which is Indian^ has put down all the reft. Afterwards the
continued refolutions of ih^Fremh to fettle themfelves there,together
with the fituation of the Coantry,has occafioned it to be called by them
Equinoctial France. Orenoque bounds it to the Weft ; Atnaz.onia to the
Eaft, the North Sea to the North, and the high Mountains to the
South. All which limits give it a Figure, that is fomewhat oval.

Oronoque^ OX Raliana^ from S'wWaher Raleigh^ who in 1595 difco-
vered it, conftrains the Neighbouring Inhabitants, by reafon of its
overflowing,to lodge in the Trees: The other Rivers of Guyana ztq
EjfeqHehe-,Brehice^Cor€tine^Boron-yMarH'>jine.i{Surtnam^ the entrance where-
of is as large as the Sein at Honflner : A'farvariy Sina}nari.y Canrora-^ near
to which great plenty o(Tortifes breed. Caynemiattb^t makes an Ifland
of the fame Name; Canvpo, at the Mouth whereof Ik great Moun-
tains, where, they fay, there is a Mine ofa Lapis Lazuli, ^perwa^fy
which is thought runs to the Lake Farimcj but it hath fo many falls,
t)i«t its courfe is hardly known, Vla-poco^ ?oumaron^ &c.

At the lower part of thefe Rivers, and all along the Coaft, whioh is
generally low, and extends above two hundred and fifty Leagues in
length, feveral £;?^////?, Fr^w^ and J^^^c/? Colonies have fetled them-
felves. Who having made the Indians knCiblQ, that they are not able
to mailer tht^r Lands alone difpute among themfelves the pofFeffion of
other Nations Rights. The Country betv/een napoco,2Lv.d the North
Cape, is not much coveted by the Europeans^ becaufe it is very boggy.

The Country about the Lake Parme^ in the middle of <;?«^^;;^, ac-
knowledge, by report, a SuccefiTor o(Guainacapa of the Houfe oiIncd%
of Ferity andcompofe the true Kingdorh of the Golden King. The re-
maining part towards the North is pofiTefTed by divers People, which
cannot of themfelves make a Body of two hundred and fifty Men.They
are all Idolaters, and obey the anient Chiefs of their Families. Some
Relations affirm,that there are Amaz,ons in thofe parts,or rather large-
ilded Women, that wage War with much Skill and Valor, inibmuch
that the Natives of thelfleof Afovoen, at the Mouth of Amax^onuy
h^ve acquired that Name, by reafon of their long Hair : The fame Re-
nditions aver,that there areforae Nations,where the men exchange their

Wives

Of G V r A N A ^^r

Wives, and where the Men always choofe the moft elderly, as being
more induftrious,and better experienced in Hufwifry, than the young
ones.

The ^to\Azo^ Guyana live long, by reafon of the good Air, which
they breath. Their Country lies in the middle of the Torrtd 7.one^ but
the Eaftern Winds are very conftant. The Days ani Ni^^hts are equal,
the later being very cool, the devils falling in great abundance. The
Mountains are high, and the Foreits very thick, fo that it is never cx-
celTive hot, nor exceflive cold. The Soil is very proper for the Tillage
of Manioc ', others for the planting of Cotton \ others for Sngsr and
Tobacco ; others that yeild Gams,Wood,Stones of divers forts, Par-
rots and Monkeys. Befides that Hunting and Fifning are equally pro^
fitable and delightful.

Manoa-i near the Lake Parima, the principal City of Guyana is callM
El Dorado, by reafon of the quantity of Goid,which,rhey ray,is there
fo great, that the Inhabitants make their Weapons thereof,and cloath
their Bodies with it, after they have rubb'd themfelves with Oyl or
Balfom. So that this City may be accountedthe richeft in the World,
if there be fuch a one

- The Iflandof Cayenne, the principn! Colony of the French in,thofc
quartersjis abo/e fixteen or feventeen Leagues in Compafs, five where-
of Ihoot into the Sea, the reft lie between the Arms of a Rivrer of the
fame name. It inclofes feveral high Hills, which are manurable to the
very tops \ and fome Meadows for the fatting of Cattle. St., Thom<t^
is remarkablcfor the unhpapy enterprifeof that worthy Engliiliman,
Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom Cummia was fired in his firlt return
from GnyAna^ . . • :, ., ■ .

And at St.Jofephs, a fmall City in the ifle Trinldado, $itIV^ 'Raleigh
took the Spanidi Governor Ammo Berht from whom he got the beft
account of thofe Parts and its l"raie.

Q:■S*'.^'^-?S*=3-.S^-4:^*r*» *'

C C G e Qo/ch^

62 ^' CJ ST ELL J DEL ORO.

Of CaRella "Dd Oro.

Olde^i Cajlilsy^o called from the plenty of Gold the Cafiillians
four.d there,C2lkd alfo Terra Firma^ becaufc one of the firft parts
cT^rm Land, vihKhlht Spaniards touched at j divided likewile in-
to feveral Parts or Governments, viz. Pan^.-ima^ Carthagena, San^a
Afartha, ^io de U Hacha^ f^CfiezneUj Paria or $^^erv u^ndalitfia^Fopujamt
and Granada.

The Government of Vannmci-, which particularly takes the name of
Ttrrci FirtJia-, is between the North and South Seas, placed in the IJih-
pms(, which joyns the two parts of ^/weriff^ together- The Country is
either low cr miry, or Mountains or barren, its Air is very unhealth-
fub fabjed to great Heats and Fogs : Its chief Places are, Panama feat-
edon the Southern Sea fiidre,theRefidence of the Governor, a Biihops
See and a Town through which the riches of Sfain and Peru pafs eve-
ry year. h\ Dec ember i6'jQj it was taken by the Englijh^ and kept
twenty eight days.

Panama is the Place v^hither they bring the Gold and Silver of Peru,
which they afterwards carry to Porto Belo^ a place of great flrength,
fortified with two Caftles,whi€h lies about fixteen or eighteen Leagues
off upon theNorth Sea, and raifed upon the Ruins of Nombre de
Dios^ which wasforfaken for the badnels of the Air, and lying too
open to the Invafions of the En^lijlo : This carriage is performed by
great Rams, called T/wx/^j, which are the only Mules of the Coun-
try. At Porto Bela they lade this Gold and Silver in the Ships, that
carry it to Spain.

In the way from Panama to Porto Belo^ you may? if yoa pleafe,
take the convenience of the River Cha^ra, which comes within
five Leagues of Panama, and then you may go all the way by
Water.

In the year 1668, the Efigltjlo plundred Vorto Belo^ and got
coniiderable fums of the Spaniards, before they would furrender it

again.

Cartagena affords foveraign BaIfom,littlc inferiour to that ofEgypt^
Rolin, andfcveralfor sof Gams, long Pepper, Dragons- blood, Eme'
ranlds, O-c. Formerly the Inhabitants had particular places, whither
they carried their Dead with their Gold, their Chains and their coftly

Ornaments.

Of CAST ELL A DEL 0 RO, 561

Ornaments. But the Spaniards to get this Wealth into their hands^- ■•:
made thofe Relicks fee the Sun again. The City ftanding in. a Penin-
fula, had its nam^ from the refemblance of its Port, with that of C^?*^
iage^a in Europe, It is one of the beft Cities in America^ for it GO.n-
tains above four thonfand Spaniards^ about four thoufand Neffro's^ and
is the ufual Randevouz of the Fieets,that are bound from Cadiz, to the
Firm Land.

Saint Martha produces almoft all forts of Fruit that grow in S^am^is^
Gold, Saphires, Emeraulds, Jafper, Gaflidoins: And there begife:,<;
thofe high Mountains, which under the names of AndesYan a long-, .^
as far as the South. The City is honoured with an Epifcopal See^
but: ftill laments the Ruins fuffered by the E^^lijh in u^fjm 1,5 95 and •
1596. ■• " ■ '■ .'"'■'■«*

Kio de la Hacha has lofl the Fifhery of Pearls not far from it, but its
Soil is very fertile.

{^enez.HeU had its name from a Village hard by, which was built up- '1
onPilesinthemiddeftof the Water*. When this Country was firftdir
covered, tX^zGermans^ to whom Charles the Fifth hadengsgM it, had a
deugn to have built a City at the Mouth of the Lake MAcata-y*-
bo, according to the Model of Venice-, but afterwards they changed
their refolution, and chofe rather to return into their own Coun-
t,ry : The Water of the aforefaid Lake is fait, but it becomes
fweet, through the abundance of Water that falls into it out of
feveral Rivers. /^i?;?e;L«e/4 produces all things neceffary for huiTian ,
fuftenance, fo that it is, as it were, the Granary of the adjacept prp^:;J^
viHces. .,

New Andahifiah otherwife called Varia^ from its great River ;"and
the Seacoll bears like that of renez^HeU-, the name of the Coaft of
Vearls, by reafon of the Fifhery the^e, fmce itfail'd about the Iflands ;
of-MargatretazrA Cubagna, Some of the Indians ftill hold' out againftr'""
tht Spaniards -i and the moft part of the Sea Towns have been often
plundered by the Englifi. The Country near Comana is full of Salt-
pits. The Country and City of Popayen have preferved the name of
their laft King. The Paez.es, the PuVs, the Manipo's^^nd other neigh-
bouring Natives could never be fubdued.

The New Kingdom of Granada, which was difcovered by one
Ximenes 2.Granadin, affords Silver, Copper,. Iron, and Emeraulds-
Heretofore there was One brought to ?hilip the Second, Kirg of
Spaini of fo high a Price, that the Goldfmiths knesv not how to va- ^
lue it : And therefore as a rarity it was laid up in the Treafury of the
Efcurial,

C c c c 2 Between

-—^L i^e JVefte^ j[/lmds.

^'^^^^ are many Iflands, e
to the Smiles, Camhhej, and Lncajcl

'°Mli, snd before the
generally diftinguiihedin-

Of the ANTILLES.

'"yH E Iflands of the ^»«-/?«are mroanul. ru ^ ■
JL ^(« alias B««>«« H,rva„iLu!T 'f S''"''''^''^^^''''-'',
drcd and fixty Leagues the bre d?h in W '' f '''^" ''"§"' >* "-un-'
thirty,thence growing lef ard lefs ilUf r^ Places lixty, in fome but
between theei|hteenfh and tw n ti ' J ^roTr^e M*"' >^f^ ^'"^^^
■^nifl.ndfcrthe.oapartbeautiat°^rrng^°t^S^^^^^^^^^^

OftheWefiern Ijkndsi 565

in their Summer Livery, the Meadows green, as if they did enjoy a
perpetual Spring j of fuch-excellent Herbage,that the Catt'c brought
thither out of Spdn have increafed beyond meafure, grown wild for
want of proper Ov^ners, and are hunted unto death, like the Stags of
the Forefr, only to rob them of their Skins. In a word, rich Mines of
Gold without mixture of Drofs, or other Metals ; the great increafe
of Sugar Canes, one Cane filling twenty, fometimes thirty Meafures,
the ex-eeding increafe of Corn, producing in fome places an hundred-
fold^ Herbs and Fruits, that in eighteen days will come to their per-
fedions, and ripen, (^c. are evident Arguments of the rich nefs and
fertility of the Soil, only the Air is much infefled with Morning Heats,
but cooler in the Afternoon.

It was difcovered by Colnmbnsy in his firft Voyage made 1492. The
Sf^.mards have fince fettled many potent Colonies there, who, having
rooted out the Natives by their infinite Cruelties, and exhaufled the
riches of the Country v\ ith as infinite coveto.ifnefs,difperfed themfelves
into the Continent.

Its chief places are St. pommgo^ firft built by BarMomeus Cohunhm^
Anno 1494. now fituate m a pleafant Co^intry, with a fafe and capa-
cious Haven for Ships to ride in An Arch-Bilhoprick, and a place' of
great Trade, 'till the taking of Mexico^znd the difcovery of Pm^, fince
which time it hath much decayed, nor hath it yet recovered it felf of
the great lofs and damage it fufbained by Sir Francis Drake^ in jinm

Porta de la Plata^ the fecond place of Trade and Wealth, featcd on a
commodious Bay on the Northern Shore. , ao.-jfl jh br^-

At prefent among their Inieds and Vermine, the Nignji h the raoft
dangerous,it leaps like a Fka,and piercing it felf 'till it lodges between
the Skin and the Flelh is very troublefome to get out.

The Omtgo^ a kind of Snail, that hath its Eyes and Flanks whenit
cypeas its Wings, fo Bright, that it ferves to Read or Write by in the
darkefl; iVight.

Among their Fifh the Mmati is the molt remarkable, which is a
kind of a Sea-Calf, about twenty Foot long, and their young not a-
bove a hand long.

The Commodities now are Cattle-^ Hides^ Cajfia, Sngar^ Ginger^ Coche-
neil^ Gnaiacmi-, and other Herbs, as well for Phyfick as Dying.

The French now poilefs the Weftern part of this Ifland, as alfo the -
Ifland TortiigaSj not far from it.

^566 of the We ft em IJlands.

Of C V B A.

C^VBA^ by Chrijtopher Columbtts call'd Ferdinanday is in length from
4 Eaft to Weft about two hundred Spamjh Leagues 5 in breadth
not about twenty five or thirty, in content equal with HifpamoUy
for fertility of Soil, zvA temperature of the Air, beyond it.

Liberally ftored with Cinger^ Mafhchy Cajfia, Aloes^ Cin^iMon and Sh-
gAVt . befides great plenty of Flejh^ Fi[l} and FovpI, the Gold more drolTie
in the Mines than thole of Hijpaniola-, but the Brafs more perfe(fl ^ the
Mountains filled with divers Trees, of which fome drop the pureft
Rpfm), and the Hills fend to the Vallies many Rivers ftrcaming down
mth Gold.

Among the Rarities of this IQand, there is aFountain,out of which
flowetha pitchy fubftanccor Bitumen^ excellent for the caulking of
Ships, and ferves thc/;;^i<i»j tor divers Medicines.

As.alfo a Valky covered with an innumerable number ofFlint-fiones
of divers Magnitudes, which Nature hath made fo round, that they
may ferve for Bullets for all forts of Cannons.

Its cliief Places are St. Jago^bui\t°in 1 5 1 4,by Don Diego de VaUfejues^
feated in the bottom of a capacious Bay, in the South part of the Ifland,
the feat of a BiilKip, much decay ed,and now of little Trade. 2. Hava-
naj one of the molt famous Ports in the Weft Jndies^^ov fl:rength,Iarge-
nefsand richnefs, foftrongly fituatedand fortified,both by Nature and
Art, that it feeras impregnable^ the entrances defended with two
Caliks, anda greater oppofite to the Mouth of the Haven ^ it is the
general Rendevouz of the 5/)<?«//^ Fleets, fandis capable to receive a
triaufand VelTels) when they return for 5p^;;7,honourM therefore with
the Seat. of the Governor, and thegreateft Trade of all tbefe Seas.
Twenty five Leagues from the Havana towards the Eall; is the Port of;
^^r/?<2c^i, memorable for thdit Feter Htyn General for the Dutch Wefi
India- CompanvV, there furprized in the year iS^g^ih^Spanifh Fleet,and.'
carried it into Holland : A Prize efteemed worth more. than feven,
iV^#i6ng#Gr<0wi)ss yet very ill Tecompenfed for his fer vice and
pains, ,,:,'■■- ■ :

Nor can-I fbrget the memorable Story of one of the Caeicjuesof the
lOand, v/ho addreffinghimfelfuntoCc'/.'^yi^^^j, advifed him to uie his
fortune with modcration,and to ren^ember, that the Souls of Men had
two journies, when they leavethis World : The one foul and dark, for
ihe injuTious and cruel i the other delightful and pleafant, for the
■peaceable and juft. It

■ ^ ^ i

Of JAMAICA.

5^7

DS^Harles U\S.Io/ins

T S'iThoinAs \ O S^<riiiahtk
GS^ Paints I
jH PortHayalX

imniiiiiiiii.ii[mii " imiUmi

b Fafia^£' fart
C Fart'yi'oy.ii
aSpriiij^arJeii
e J)i?j'ils I'oiiU:

T is fituated South of C«&^, and Weft of HiJ^anioU, in Xh^Tornd
-- Zone, in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude i yet the heat is
Ibqualified with the frelh Eafterly breezes, that conltantly blow all
day, rcfrelhed with frequent Showers, andilich Dews which tall in
the Night, that it maybe truly called temperate ^ its Air healthtulj ,
its Soil rich and fertile, plentiful of all things necelTary. The Land
well ftocked with Cattle, the Woods well ftored with Fowl, audits

Rivers with Fi(h. , , t- , .• i

From Eaft to Weft along the midft of thclliand runs a continual

ridge of lofty Mountains, which are full of freih Springs, whence

liow the many Rivers, that fo plentifully water the maud.

There

56S Of J A MA I C A.

There is fcarce any lenfible increafe or decresfe of the Days or
Nights throughout the year, and the Winter Months are only known
by a little more Rain and Thunder.

This ifland produces many excellent Commodities, vl^. Sugars (b
good, that they out fcll-thofe of Barhadaes ^ Jndico^ Gotten which is ex-
cellent fine, Tobacco^ Hides^ Coffer^ Tortifes in great abundance, whofe
Meat is excellent to eat, and their Ihells much efleemed for feveral
curious Works.

Several forts o( Woods for Dyers, as Ftifiicl\, Redwood^ a kind of X(?j-«
'WW,alfo Cedar, Molthogency^Braffdetto^Ligmim Fu £, Ebony .firanadiUa^
with many other fweet fraelling and curious Woods.

There isalfo Ginger, Salt in gr^at abundance, Salt-Peter, Jamaica
Pepper vtiy Aromatical, and of fo curious a Gult, that it hath the mixc
tafte of divers Spiers. Drugs in great abundance,6'«;^c«;;/,C/7/»4 RootSf
SalfiifarillayVimlls,CaJfia-FifiHlai Tamairindes, jichiots ot Anetto, with
many other DrHas,Balfvn:s and Cnms, as alio Cochaneil, efpecially Co^
CAO, of which Cfcor/j^/w^ is made.

In this iHand is great abundance of Cattle, 'viz,. Coves, Sheep,Goats
and Hogs ^it having good Paftures, and Cv^/jr always green^nd fpring-
ing, the Trees and Plants never dif-robed of their Summer Li-
veries.

In their Rivers are very excellent F//7;, viz, Tortoife, Snafpers, Crabs,
■Lobflers, Tarbums^ Macquerels, Mullets j Cavall<ysf P^rrat Frjh,Cony Fijh, -
'GreenTartles. ' -, :" .

Excellent Fmf J all the year longj Oranges, Vomegrapofes,- Qitrem^
Lemmons, Cocar Nuts, Limes, Guaitars, Mammes, y^lHrneeSupotast
Canutes, prickle-Apples, prickle-P^ars, Grapes, Sower-Sops, Quftard-
^pples, £>ildo\vSf Plantines, Pines, Macom, Jndian-Fi^s, Bonamesy^
Melons, &C. '" ^ ' ' ■■ ' >.'-. ■' " • '

There is great plenty of Hens, Turktesj DuchsyTeal, Wigeon, Geefe^
, Pinions, Turtle Doves, Guiny Hens, Plovers, F lemmings, Snipes, Parrats
with great variety of fmall Birds.

Therelikwifegrow very well all manner of Summer Garden-Herbs
and Roots common to us in England,'viz^. LctHce,Var^ey, Rofemary, La-
'Vender, Marjoram, Savory, Time, Sage, Purjlayie, &c. For Roots .;
Peafe, Beans, Cabbages, Colly Flowers, THmips, Potatoes, Onions, and
Radijins.

Upon the Ifland are few hurtful Beafis or InJeBs ; only the
Mnskettces and Merrywings, a fort of flinging Flies, which
.are troublefome in fome part of the Ifle. And the Aligator,
which is a very vexatious Creature, but its fat is a Sove-
reign

Of^.J A M A I C A. 569

reign Ointment for any internal Ach or Pain in the Joynts or
Bones.

Its Difeafes 2VQ Dropfas • occafioned often by ill Diet, Driinken-
nefsand Sloth ; CakntHres^ too frequently the producft of Surfeits^
Fevers and J^ftes-, but with good Diet, and moderate Exe re ife, with-
out excefs of drinking, the En^lljh enjoy a competent raeafure of
health.

The Ifland abounds in good Bays, Ports and Harbors, -viz. i . Port Roy.
al, formerly called C<^»y^> fituateon theextream end of that long
point of Land, which makes the Harbor exceeding commodious
for Shipping, and is fecured by a ftrong Gaftle \ the Harbor is
two or three Leagues crols in moil places, and hath every where
good Anchorage, and is fo deep, that a Ship of a thouiand
Tun may lay her fides to the Shore to unload, and is the only
place of Trade in the Ifle, being populous and much fre-
quented.

2. Port Morant feated on the Eaftern Point, a very capacious and
fecure Harbor,where Ships do conveniently hold Water, and ride fafe
from the Winds, where is,alfo a potent Colony fettled.

3. Point Ne^rel in the Weft, very good and fecure to wind-
ward.

4. Port Antonio in tho, North, a- very fafe and Land-locked
Harbor, being wholly taken up by the Right Honourable Charles
Earl of Cariijle, once Governor of the Ifland ;* and now called Port
St. George.

About twelve Miles from.Port Royal, within the Land,in a plain by
a?.iver is feated St. fa^o, once a place of great account, when the
Spaniards were Mafters of the Ifle, now the Refidence of the Go-
vernor, and the chief Courts of Judicature are held there, and
therefore likely to arrive to a greater fplendor than before : Its
Inhabitants live in great pleafure, where they have their Havana^,
in which the richer fort recreate themfelves every Morning in"
their Coaches or on Horfeback, as the Gentry do herein Hide-
Park,

About the middle way between St. Jagozx\d Port Royal, and on the.
Mouth of the River is feated Pafage,z^md\\ Town,built ix)rthecon-
veniency of Parage to Port Royal from St. Jago, where is alio a Fort,
railed to fecure the fame.

Ihaword, the great encouragement of gaining riches with a plea-
fant life doth invite every year abundance of people to inhabit there,
fo that in a fhort time it is likely to become the mort potent, and ricliT
eft Colony in the Weft Indies.

D d d d Ee/Jdes

57© ^ ^f J ^ M A I C J.

Befides the number of Inhabitants, which are reckoned to be about
forty or fifty thoufand, there belong to the Ifiand about three thou-
fand lulby ftout fighting Men, called Privatiers or Buccaniers^ whofe
.Courage hath been fufficiently evidenced In their late exploit, and at-
tempt again ft the 5j5^;;7^m'^ at ^ananu.

As concerning the Laws, by which they are governed^ they are affi-
milated as near as can be to thofe of EngUnd-, having their feveral
Courts, Magiflrates and Officers for the executing of Juftice on crimi-
iial Ofrenders,and the heating and determining of Cauies betwxit Par-
ty and Party j and for the better afliftance of the Governor he hath
his Council to confult with,

Boreqnen is little lefs either in Circuit or Fruitfulnefsthan Jamaica,
Its chief Place is5t. Ji:an del Pi^tero Ricof which communicates its
name to the whole Ifland j the Relidence of a Bifhop and Gover-
nour. The Ifland is traverfed by a Chain of Mountains, which
cuts it from Weft to Eafl. Here is found a white Scum, which they
ufe inftead of Pitch to chalk their Ships, and inftead of Tallow to
make Candles, and for want of other Medicaments for Wounds and
Sores. Thefe four Iflands are the greateft and chiefeft of the
jinttlks.

■''Of the CAKIBBE IjJandr.

THE Carihbe or C<««^W Iflands lie Haft of ^m^«f« or ^oy^o m^,.
advancing in a Demi-Circle towards Jmerica Merieiionalis.
The Chief whereof are.

Barhado"

2ab:i»3

Of B J R B A D 0 [S.

-Isfoi-tJi

rCH^ VJT P^VJL ^'

-TJw ,71

P.*^.

f i^ Cole, r ± <3-«i

I ^^ ^ Jamil ^'^- :^^am^ J»&A»

V7
Virrick

2)^^v

town

DeW^r'

Ih/ce

F i I ^^ff-.j^* i ± « ^t^ 7 '»"■•■'« rToUW %*i'

L -^ i(^ '"fAr*"'-^ jjsiri „ iljr^"^!f^-' ^li^'"!^^" ^^'.^■P'ff'.

J-^'^^'^^l fMnotArs /Tar. r""T?^>^^a^'Si -t ^^^^«_jt-^^4 „ ^^

Jlr.-Jel§k

Carlile '^Bay

StJli^h •; Idles.

— A*^ '

Olivtrs Ciuit.

^f^22

5oufli

BArhaAos is the mofl: confiderable Ifland, that pafles under the
same of the Caribbe Ifles. It is featcd in thirteen Degrees and
thirty Minutes of North Latitude; being not above eight Leagues
in length, and five in breadth, of an Oval form. It is a potent Co-
lony, and able to arm ten thoufand fighting Men, which, with the

D d d d 2 ftrength

yja Of the Carihbe IJlands, 'j

ftrength that Nature hath beftowed upon it, is able to bid defiance to
the ftoutefl Foe.

This >fland is very hot) efpecially for eight Months, yet not ^o but
labor or travel is lufferable, by reafon of the cold breezes of Wind, ,
which rife with the Sun, and blow frefher as the Sun mounteth up.
The Air,thohot, i3 moid which caufeth all Iron Tools to ruft, but
this great heat and moifture makes the 5oil exceedingly fertile, bear-
ing Crops all the year long, and its Trees and Plants are always green,
and the Fields and Weeds always in their verdant livery.

its commodities are Sugars^ Indico, Cottou-lfoo'^ Gifiger^ Lcovpood.)
Fiiftick^ LignumFuA^ &c. Of the fourfiril there is fuch great abun-
dance, that above two hundred Sail of Ships have yearly their load-
ing there.

As for its Trees^ Frnits^ Htrhs^ Reots^ Fowl, Beafls-, hifects^ and Fijh^
they are much the fame as found in Jamaica, to which 1 refer
"you. - ,

The Ifland is divided into eleven Precindls or Pari/hes, in which
•are fourteen Churches and Chappels. The Names whereof, and
how fituated, you may plainly fee in the Mcp. Its chief places
are,

St. Michael, formerly the Bridg-Town, fituate at the Bottom of
Carlifte-Bay in the Lee ward or Southern part of the iiland, having a
capacious5decp and fecure Harbor for Ships, large enough to entertain
five hundred Sail at once.

The Town is graced with abundance of wellrbuilt Houfes being the
Refidence of the Governor, the place of Judicature, rind the Scale of
Trade, where moft of the Merchants and Fadors have their ftore-
houfes or Ihops : It hath two ftrong Forts oppofite one to another,
with a Plat form in the midft, which commands the Road for the de-
fence and iecurity of the Ships.

Next is little Bnflol, i^xmtr\^ Sprights Bay, fea ted about four
Leagues Leeward from St. Michaels, hath a commodious Road for
5hips, well traded, and ftrongly defended by two Forts.

3. 5aint '^atms, formerly the Hole^, hath a good Road for 5hips,and
is of a conliderable Trade, where is kept the Monthly Courts.

4. Charles Town, on Oyftcr Bay, fecured by two ftrong Forts with
G Plat- form in-the midft.

The Inhabitantsof this llle are 6f three {ctts A^afiers,C'hiriJ}ian Str-
eams and Negroes. And according to the Calculation not long fince
itadcthe two hrft did amount to fifty thoufaud, and the Negroes to
double the nambei*.

The

Of the Car Me Ipnds. 57 J

The Mafteri(ox the mofb part live at the height of Pleafurcand the
Servants,at the expiration of five yearsjbecome Freemen of the Ifland,
and imploy their times according to their abilities and capacities, and
the Negro Slaves are never out of their Bondage, and the Children they
get are iikewife perpetual (laves-

The Ifle is gov^erned by Laws aflimilated to thofe of EngUnd^ by a
Governor as fupreme,his ten Council as fomany Peers,and an hundred
Burgeffes cholen by the Commonalty out of each parifh.

SAint Chrtfiophers, lo called from Chrifiopher Columbus the firft Difco-
verer thereof, fituate in the Latitude of feventeen Degrees and
twenty five Minutes,in Circuit about feventy 6ve Miles, the Soil light
and fandy, prodnceth Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco and Ginger : The
whole Ifle is divided into four quarters, two of which are poflTefled by
the Engiifh^ the other two by the French ^ thQ Englifl] have two for-
tified places j one commanding the great Haven, the other diflant
not far from the Point De SM. By the Treaty of Breda, the French
were to return us St Chrifiopher s^ which after four years delay was de-
livered to Sir Charles Wheeler^ but my Information tells me, the Plan-
tations were deftroyed, and Country laid wafte, and left in a much
worfe condition, than if it had never been planted. However the
French have now four ftrong Forts ; that of moft note is called Bdjfe
Terre: There are five Churches belonging to the EngUfj, at Sandy
Point-, at Palm-Tree^ one near the great Road, and two at the inlet cf
Cayoun : And the French have a Towh of good bignefs, whofe Houfes
are well built of Free-ftone, well inhabited and Traded unto, with a
fair and large Church and Caftle, being the Refidence of the Gover-
nor, pleafantly featedat thefootof a high Mountain, not far from
the Sea, having fpatious Courts, delightful Walks and Gardens,
with a curious profpedt.

Nevn or Afevis, a finall Ifle, not above eighteen Miles in circuit,
near St- Chriflophers, inhabited by about three or foar thoufand E?ig-
liihf wholivewell, and drive a Trade of Sugar, Cotton, Gi:ger
and Tobacco, a well governed Colony, it hath three Churches for
Divine VVorfhip, a Store-houfe for the accommodations of its inha-
bitants \ a ftrongFort for thefecurity of Ships, in the Road called
Bath Bay, from its Baths which are much frequented for the curing
of feveral Diftempers.

^•^A Of the dribbe IJUnds,

^«fe^<?,>(€ated in the Latitude of lixteen Degrees, eleven Mi nutes,
of a diiftcult accefs, and very dangerous for Shipping, it hath fomc
few Springs of Frelh Water, plenty of moft fort of Wild Fowl,
for Fifh great abundance.

Dominica feated in the Latitude of fifteen and a half, of about
twelve Leagues in length, and eight in breadth, is very Mountainous,
yet not without many fertile Vallies, and might be of fome account
to the Erifflijloj would they fubdue the Natives, who do much annoy

them.

Monsferratm the Latitude of feventeen Degrees, of fmaH extent,
is much inclined to Mountains, filled with Cedar Trees, and the
Vallies and Plains are fertile, moftinhabited by the hi^^ who have
there a Church for Divine Worlhip.

JngitilU in Latitude of eighteen Degrees, twenty one Minutesy an
Ifland but ilenderly inhabited, and efteemed not worth the keeping.

^^rW^ in the Latitude of feventeen and a half, not of any con-
siderable account to the Engliii).

SanflaCrux, inhabited by tht French^ Woody and Mountainous.

GHadaloiipe^ about three Leagues in length, poflefTed by the French,
of fome note for its Frelh Water.

Grenada^ about fix Miles in length, in form of a Crefcent, poffefled
by the French.

Saint rincent^ about fix Leagues in circuit, of a fertile Soil, yeild-
ing abundance of Sugar Canes, well watered with Rivers, having faf^
and convenient Bays for Shipping, poflelled principally by the Dntch.
For the EngUjJj have here fome fettlement, but not confiderable.

CHracao^Tabago^ Saba, and Euftache are alfo in pofleflion of the
Vmch. February i6. \6i^. waS the account of the taking Tabago by
Count ^' ifiree : The ninth or tenth of December Iznded fifteen hun-
dred, andattack'd the Fort, opened the Trenches, and raifed a Bat-
tery, on which were three Mortar Pieces ^ the third Bomb that was
fhot into the Fort, fet fire to their Magazine of Powder, by which
theVice-Admiral Binches, fifteen Officers, and about three hundred
Soldiers were kill'd, and the reftfurrendred, the Fort was deftroyed,
two hundred Pieces of Cannou taken, and four Dutch-men of War
in the Port.

Aiartin poflTeflcd bynhe French and Dutch.

St. Marttnique, Dejfeaday Marigatanta-, St' Lncia pofTeired by th^
French,

OfBERMVDAS^

nek fci-t

tduTt Fart

hs TcTt
hrok 7*01' t
Cn/JU

relej-

•hs

M S TIVARtIM

Bahmtxda^

X,oT>.d*on

/Slvei-e ex /tt'f Iri/u/i'' quiri^ue Z^ir-i iri-

modal •um. naz/taatiantim ifmfi£S' rn Columef
{iiJjl/'et'T2i.a//t. .ujrule rtutt ^tmzIs a-h narru
inufTi- mento-riavix i£cuit^' creditur-

"^HE Bermudas are a certain number of imall llUnJs hrlt du'co-
vered by one John Bermudas, fince called the Summer JJlandi,
m the Shipvvrack which Sir George Summers and Sir 7homas Gates
Fered Anno 1609. Of thefe Iflands , the greatert, to which the
itne of Bermudas is more generally given, is about 5 Leagues long,
1 X iMiles broad, all the reft being very fmall: The whole clufter
»ether do form a Body much like a Crefcent, and inclofc feveral
Dd Ports 5 the chief whereof are the Great Sound, Harringtons Sounds
■ithampton Harbour, guarded with feveral Forts, taking their Names
>m the feveral Noblemen that were concerned as Undertakers ,
lich are fet down in the Map-, as alfo the Names of fome of the
rgeftlflands. ^^"^

Of B E R M V D A S.

Since the Engli[f: Hrft. felled in thefe lilands, they have now eft;
bliftied a powerful Colony, confifting of above 4 or ^'ooo Inhabitant
who have ilrongly fortified the Approaches by the aforefaid Fori
which, with the Rocks in the Seas, render them fecure and impre,
nable j fo that without knowledgof the PaiTages, aBoatof loTu
cannot be brought into the Haven; yet by the affiftance of a skilf
Pilof tWyc is entrance for Ships of the greateft Burthen.

The Earch iv. ihck Illes is exceeding fertile, yielding two Cro
every year, whi^h they gather in about July and December.

They have no freth Water but that in Wells and Pits, which eb
and flows with the Sea, there being neither Fountain nor Stream
thefe Iflands, nor venomous Beafts, neither will they live if broug
thither -, nor are their Spiders poyfonous, but of fundry and vario
Colours, and in hot weather make their Webs fo ftrong, that the fm
Birds are fometimes entangled and caught thetein.

The Sky is generally ferene and clear, and the Airfo temperate ai
healthy, that 'tis rarely any one dieth of any diftemper than that
old Age : So that the Inhabitants enjoy a long and healthy Life,

When the Sky is at any time darken'd with Clouds, it thunders a
lightens, and is very ftormy and tempefiuous : The North and Norl
weft Winds caufe Winter in December ^ January^ znd February^ whi
yet is fo very moderate, that young Birds, and Fruits, and other cc
comitants of the Spring, are feen there in thofe Months.

They have feveral forts of excellent Fm/fx, as Oranges^ Dates^ M
berries both white and red j in the Trees whereof breed abundance
Silkzfformjj which produce much Silk^. There is alfo plenty of Torto:
whofe Flefti is very delicious. There is good ftore of Hi?g/, and gn
variety of Fowls and Birds. There is alfo a fort of Cedar Trees., whi
differ from all others in the world, the Wood whereof is fweet a
well-fcented.

Their chief Commodities are Oranges, Cochineil and Tobacco, wi
fome kind of Pearls and Ambergreece ; of which laft, 'tis reporK
that the three men left there, after the Death of Sir George Summt
found in Somerfet Jflandzs much of it as was worth 9 or 1 0000 Pour
Sterling: And now they keep Dogs for the finding of it out by
fcent.

Thefe Ifles are now divided into Tribes or Counties, and the whi
reduced to a fetled Government, both in Church and State, and isf
improving to greater perfection.

[ ?lm thU ktmm faga 574, and 575

of the Carihbe IJlandu. 5^5

Of the LUCAYES.

ARE fo called from Lucayon the Name of the biggefl:, which is
araongft them. Bahama lends its name to a very rapid Chanel,
running from South to A7orth,and is remarkable for the paflageof the
Spaniel) Fleet?, in their Peturn from Mexico into Europe. A Paflage as
fatal to the Spaniards by many Shipwracks of their rich laden f late
Ships ^ as kind to iomt Englijh Undertakers of late years, who, by
Diving get up vaft quantities of that Piate,which for many years have
laid clofe hugg'd in her rocky and precipitous embraces. Binimy hardly
acceffible, is faid to have a Fountain that renews Youth, being ftored
with handfome Women, for whofefake it is much reforted to- Guana'
hani is that liland, which was difcovered by Columbus^ for which rea-
fon he called it St. Salvador., in regard it faved him from the Con-
fpiracy of his Men, who a little before would have thrown him over
board.

" New Providence^2L late ereded Colony of the EngUjh^y Patent from
his Majefty to the Proprietors of Carolina, and is found to produce the
fame Commodities, Fruits, Plants, Beafts, Fowls, Birds,(^r. Of an Air
healthful and agreeable to Englijh Bodies, that, fince their Settlement,
few or none have died of theDiftempers or Difeafes incident to other
Colon ieso

THE

<,l6

Of Neiv SPAIN,

a. Cittolea.
b.Culiacan

c-diiaxnet-lan.

iXalicco

e.&ixadal af ar a.
^".31 e cli o ac aix

ff.T-hafcala
.. Gnxaxaca.
k.. $ocoiinico
1. Chiapa
iTiVefa. pax
n-.trautimala,
o.Itxcatan

-; S* Bai-tJ.ol

THE IfiMdHs call this Country Mexico j the SpanUrd^^ New Spain -^^
the Latins, iVot;^ Hifpania j a Country abundantly enriched with
inexhauRible Mines of Gold and Silver, the Air exceeding Temperate'
though feared in the Torrid Zone : Its Soil is fo fertile, that no Coun-
try in the World feeds fo much Cattel.

The Riches of the Country, befldes their Gold and Silver, Copper
and Iron, are their Grains, as Wheat, Barley, Pulfe and Mayz. Their
Fruits, as Pomegranate, Oranges, Lemmons, Citrons, Malicatoons,
Cherries, Pears, Apples, Figs, Coco-nuts, and variety of Herbs, Plants
and Roots. There is alfo Wool, Cotton, Sugar, Silk, Cochenel. From
thence is like wife exported the Grains of ScarIet,Feathers,Hony,BaIm,
Amber, Salt, Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, Ginger, and divers Medicinal
Drugs.

Amoflg the Rarities there is the moll admirable Plant called Ma^my^

Of New SPAIN. 57^

dfwhofe Leaves they make Pepper, Flax, Thread, Cordage, Girdles,
Shoes, Mats, Mantles, Stuifs, &c. Its Bark, if roafted, makes an excel-
lent Plaifter for Wounds j from the top branches comes a Gum, which
is a Soveraign Antidote againfi: Poiror,frora the top ajuyce like Syrup,
which if boil'd, will become Hony;^ if purified, Sugar; they make
oat of it alfo Wine,and vinegar, and it affbrdeth good Wood to build
with.

As alfo two Mountains, one of which vomits Flames of Fire like
<y£tna •, the other fendeth forth two burning Stream?, the one of black
Pitch, the other of red, to which I may add their fine Pidures made
with the Feathers of thzir Cimons f which is a little Bird living only
on dew) fo excellently are their Colouri placed, that the beil Painters
of Europe admire the delicacy thereof, far exceeding a piece of
Painting.

It was once an Elective Kingdom, full of great Citits, well go-
verned, civilized. Should we, ^ith ^r<?/?^, parallel the Politicks of the
Vnctu^ or Kings of Peruy and MtxUo^ with thofeof the Gntks and
Romans^ thcfe would have the advantage, but the bell of thefe good
Laws and Policies were abolifhed, when the Spaniar^is became Ma-
fters of the Country, dividing it into feveral Parts or Provinces, viz.,
New Galicia^ GuadaUira^ New Bifcay^ Mexico^ Adechecan^ TamccOy Jh-
catan-) GHanmala^ Honduras^ NicaregtiA-, Cofiaricca^ I^eraf^ua-, and others-
they have cftablifhed Parliaments at Mexico fi HadAL-iria^ & Gnatimab.
New /llexko properly fo-called lying round about the City of Afcxico^
is the beil:, and befc peopled part of all America y that City fuff^red a
dreadful lofsin the year 1629, all the Dams, and moft part of the
Houfes, being carried away by the violence of the Streams, for it is
fituated upon a fait Lske abojt tv^'enty five or thirty Ltngues in com-
pafs, into which Talis another Lake of freih Water, and both toge-
ther are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit, in which are laid to be fifty
thoufcjnd Ferries continually rowing about to carry PaiTengers, having
about fifty Towns on their Banks, lome fay, eighty To>vns, many of
them count five thoufand Houlcs, fome ten thoufand. The fait Lske
Ebbeth and Flov^eth according to the Wind,yieldir g no kindof Fifh-
In Mexico ^xz faid to be four thoufand Spaniards^ and thirtv thoufand
Indians^ it is the Refidence of the Vice Roy, and Arch-Biihop. Be-
fore the 5p.««?MV/^; took poficfTion of the Countryj there werefeveral
con Oder able places near to Afcxico.

The Siege of A^exico lafced about three Months, wherein Conez. had
near 2oco~o /w^M^.';, nine hundred 5/?^^?/^rt-/j, eighty Horfes, feven-
tcen or eighteen Pieces of Ordinance,rixteen or eighteen Vergantiaes,
and at leaH fsx thoufaBd Canou's, where were llain fifty Spamardi

E e e e .fix

578 Of New S P A 1 N.

fix Horfes, and about eight thoufand Indians on Cortez. fide : Of
A^e-x-icans v^cvQ fiain 120000, bsfidcs thofe that dyed with Famine
and -Peililence.

The yergemmes wherewith Cgnez. befieged Mexico by Water, were:
brought by land in pieces from 7 Uxcaiien to Tez^cMco, and 4COCOQ
I\Ien lifty days employed in thefinifhipg of them, and making a Slute.
orTicrxh, and lanchirgof them into the Lake.

At that Siege IV'ior.ux.mr.a the Enipercr was taken by Cortcz^ out of
his own i'alace, and made Priloner, which caaied the Mexicans to rebel
againll Comz, and the S^amards^. and fought a fierce and bloody Bat-
tle cvvG or three days together, crying out for their Emperor ; where-
upon Cortez. defired him to go to the Window to (hew himfelf, and
command his Snbjeds to ceafe their fury, who fo doing, was hit on
the Hez:d with a Scone, with which blow he fell down dead to the
Ground, and this v;as the end of that great Empetor, who was of
the greateft Blood, and the greateil King in Ei'tate that ever was in
Mextcoi flaiabyhiscwn Subjects againft their wills, in the City of
his greaieit Glory, and in the cultody of a foreign and ftrange
Nation.

After the death of Monnz.nma^ they made Qitahntamoc their Em-
peror, and perfifting in their furious Battery againft G?mx, his Pa-
lace, caufed him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Aiexico : But the
Spaniards having made fixteen or ^\^\\ltQ'[[Vergentine^^X.T lave alien y
and got new Supplies j they again fo befieged Mexico by Water and
Land, thatit was reduced to great neceflity with Hunger and Sick-
nefs, and tho' in thisextream mifery, yet they would not yield, no
not when they faiv the Kings Houfes burned, and the greateft part
of their City confumed, fo long as they could keep one Street, Tower
or Temple •, and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place ,
and moft of the City: And tho* their Houfes were full with dead
Bodies, and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by thofe hungry wretches
that furvived, yet would they not accept of peace, but delired death •,
fo that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thoufand
in all the City,yet were there that day flain and taken Prifoners 400000
Perfons, and C>«^^«f^/«oc their King taken Prifoner, who told Cortez.
he had clone his beft endeavor to lave and defend himfelf and Vaflals ;
but confidering you may now do what you pleafe with me, I be-
feech you to kill me, which is my only requeH : But Cortez. comfort-
ed him with fair words, and required him to command his Subjeds
to yield, which he did. Andatthattimeafterfomany were flain and
ftarved, fo many Prifoners taken, yet there were about 700000
who threw down their Arms and fubmitted. Thus did Cortez^

win

Of New SPAIN, 579

njvin tlie famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day oi Angufi^ An
Dom. 1521.

Chu!nUy enclofed about twenty thoufand Houfes, with as many
Temples as there are days in the year. And the Inhabitants facri-
ficed every year above fix thoufand of their Ctiildren to their sc-
curfed Idols. Tez.cHco^ was faid to be ^s big zs Mexico, which was
faid to contain fixty or eighty thoufand Houfes, and is famous a-
mong the Spaniards, for that it was the firft that received a Chriftian
King, Hornando {o'sxto ^ez.nv alpine intli^ Cortez. being his God Fa-
ther. Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for
four years together, and the next four years feemed to be empty. Los
Angtlos, upon the Road from La FeraCruz., firlt built and inhabiied ia
the year 1530, by Don Antonio de Mendoz^a-^ Vice-Roy of A^exico^ fa-
mous for the Cloth that is there made, as good as any in Sego^Uy
whic^ is the befb in Sfain : And a Glafs Houfe, which is the rarity
in all thofe parts. It is a City containing fix thoufand Inhabitants,
to which three belongs a Biihoprick, endowed with fixty thoufand
Crowns a year.

GuacocingA is the chief Town between the City of Mexico, and
Los AngeUs confifting of above five thoufand Indians 2,w^- owt x\{QVi-
{and Spaniards, and is priviledged by theKingsof Spain-, for that it
joyned vyith the Tlaxcellans againft the Mexicans.

Acapdco, upoji the South Sea, is a well fheltered Bay, dillant from
Mexico one hundred Leagues ; from hence the Spaniard drives a rich
Trade to the Philippine llks, and to China, from whence they are
dillant three thoufand Leagues. Jmatan is a PeninfuU, between two
Gulphs, where Hands the Antient Merida.

La Panueo, thtCaflillians have only three Colonies, of which Saint
Steven del puetro is the Metropolis, twelve Leagues from the 5ea,anda
Town of great Traffick ; next is Saint J ago de Us Fallos -, thirdly,
Lewes de Tempico.

They have Mines of Gold in the Country, which are not wrought^
falt-pits, out of which they draw the greatejl: profit, Mechoaian, the
Metropolisof the Province, fo called, now the feat of the Arch-Bi-
ftiop,fince removed from FaUdoUd,CQatQd upon a Lake as large as that
of A<fexico. This Country is faid to be fo healthful and of fo fweet
an Air, that fick People come thither to recover their health.

Near Colima, is found the Plant Coz^ometcath or Olcacaz.an, which
takes blood-fhot from the Eyes, preferves the flrength of the Body,
cures the To^th and Head ach, refills all poifons,and ismoft cxcellcnE
againft all Difeafes.

E e e e % This

5gct Of . New SPAIN.

This -Province is of afertiifoil, yeildinggreatencreafe of all forts
of Orain, Fruits, d'c. It produceth Cotton, Amber-Greece,Gold,Silvcr
Copper, black Stones fofhining, that they ferveinlkad of Locking-
Glaffes, ftoic of Plants, Medicinal Herbs, Siik, Hony, Wax, &c. It
is well ftored with Springs and Rivets of frefh Water,Catt!e and Fowl
are in great plenty, and other Lakes, and Rivers aiford flare of
Filh.

T^af<;a!aor Los Jnrelos^ is a Country very plentiful, both of Corn
and Cattle, full of rich Pafl;ures,weil watered with Rivers, and wou-
derfiily llored with Maize, which ihey make their Bread of.

Place;>of nioft note are, fir ft ThafcaU-, lituace on an eafie afcent be-
twixt two Rivers,encomparted with a large, pleafant & fruitfrl plain,
faid to be fo populous before the arrival of the Spaniards^ thct it cculd
number above three hundred thoufand Inhabitants : Second, Jlnfdosy
a fair City diltant from Mexico vj^Qnty two Leagues, and thirty from
Lavera Cruz. : Thirdly, Lavera Cruz..) built by theCor?^^, a place of
g.reatencourfe Htuate near the Gmlph,from whence there is a through-
fair to /V/f^i^'o, from whence it is diftant about fifty two Leagues. In
May 83. about nine hundred or a thoufand Privateers at Night landed
and through the negligence of the Spanifj Centinels, furprifed the
Town and two Forts, the one of the Twelve, the other of eight Guns :
They plundered the Town for three days, where they got a great
deal of Plate, Jewels, &c. and might have alfo taken the Caftle, which
is feated about thrcequarters of a Mile into the Sea, and hath thirty
Guns mounted.

Saint John de Vlloa-tZt Vlhua^ the mofi: noted Port of this Province,
fenced with a Peer againft the fury of the Winds and Sea, defended
Naturally by Rocks and Quick- fands, and by two Bui works well for-
tified on both fides of his entrance. Famous, for that it was thefirlt
beginning of that great Coi:queft of the Valiant Cortez. : Here he firit
funk the Ships that brought the Spaniards ixom Cuba, to the intent
they might think of nothing but Conqueft j and here five hundred
Spaniards ventured againfl millions of Enemies, and began the Con-
quefl of the fourth part of the World.

Xalappa de la Vera Cruz.-, made a Bifliops S-ee in the year 1634, laid
to be worth ten thoufand Duckets a year.

La Rinconada is a Houfe or Inn, which the Spaniards call P^enUj
feated in a low Vally, the hottefl place in all theRoadto J/<?.vrV<7,
plentiful in Provifions, and the fweetnefs and coolnefsof the Water
is a great refrefhment, but the fwarms of Gnats in the Night are raofl

intolerable.

Segura

Of New SPAIN. 5S1

Segnya de U Frontera was built by Cottei^ in his Wars with the
CulbtMcans and Tepeacaes.

Tlaxcada??^ a Common-wealth : The Inhabitants whereof in one
Battle againft Cortez^ had 150000 fighting Men, afterwards joined
with CGrtez.j2Lnd were the chief Inftrumentsof his unparallelM Con-
quefl, being mortal Enemies to Momez,uma the Mexican Emp erour>
and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain.

Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants, Spani^^rds and
Jnd'mtns^ where is a rich Cloifter of Dominican Fryers, and one of the
richell: places in the County of Braxuca.

Tecoantepeque is a fmall and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Znr-

j4qHatHlco and Capalita are great Towns in a plain Country.

Tapanapcque is a fweet and pleafant Town well ftored with Flefli,
and Filh, and Fowl.

In this Province are faid to be two hundred Towns, one thoufand
Villages, twenty five thoufand JndiAns., which are priviledged and ex-
empted from all extraordinary Charge and ImpoIition,becaufe o( their
aflifting Cmez. in his Conqueft of Mexico, in the Valley of St. PauL
was a Coirntry Man pofleffed of forty thoufand Sheep, which were the
produd of two only, which were brojght him out oi Spain.

Gnaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a fweet Air,of a fertile Soil,
not only in Corn, but alfo in Fruit, Cochineil, Silk, Caffia ^ the Earth
well ftored with Mines of Gold, Silver, and other Metals, and moft
of the Rivers flream down Sand-Gold,

Its chief plsces are Anteftera., a Bifhoprick adorned with {lately
Buildings, and a Magnificent Cathedral Church. Aqnatulco is a noted
and convenient Port on Mar del Zur.,irom whence is traniported the.
Merchandifeof Mexico^ to ?<?>//, plundered both by Drake and Caven-
dijh jn their Voyages about the World.

Gage telis us, that Gnaxaca is a City, and Bilhops Se3t,fair and beanti *
ful, lixty Leagues from Mexico^ andconiiftsof two thoufand Inhabi-
tants, not far from the head of the great Kiscr Aivarado, upon which'
are Zapotecai and St. Jdlfonfo : That from thence they went to /^nte
(juera a great Town-

T^vafcs or TahafcO:i3 a Coall of one hundred Leagues between Gm.v-
aca^udjacatan, of an excellent Soil, abundant in Maiz, and Cacao.
There are Vines, Fig-trees, Oranges and Citrons, great quantity of"
Cattle and Fowl,be(ides wild Beafts, Apes and Squirrels. Th&Spamards
have but o-ne Colony here, which is called Nervfira a Signiora de U
FiEioria, fo called from the Victory Cor/c^: gained 1509. The firft
City ia America.^ that defended it felf, aad fuffered the Spamards
fword. . --^^bac^

Jkcatm

5§2 ■ Of Nerv SPAIN,

::Jncatan is a Peninfula of about four hundred Leagues in coropafs,
fituate between the Gulph of Mexico and Hondurasy whofe Cape Ca-
toe he is oppofitc to Cape Saint ^mJjony in the Ifland Cuh/i, and di-
ilant from it forty cdd Leagues. In the middle of the Land are to be
feen Scales and Shells of Sea Fifh •, its chief Cities are Merida-t diftant
from the Sea on either fide twelve Leagues, the Seat of the fcifhop
and Governor, adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone,
with many Figures of Men cut in .the Stones, refembling thofe at
Merida in Spain. 2. FalUdoUd^ beautified with a fair Monaftery
of Francifcans. 3. Campeach, (ituate on the Shore of the Gulph,
a fair City of about three thoufand Houfes, which in y^m^o 1596.
was furprifed and pillaged by the E?7glij]j^ under the Command of
Captain Parker^ who carried away the Governor, and the Riches of
the City.

The Audience of C?«..W^%"4r^, or Kingdom of AViv G'^/«V«<2, makes
the moft Occident part of New Spain^ and contains the Provinces of
GaHdalajara^ Xalifco^ Los Xacatecas-, Chi^metilany C-aliacany and New
Bifcany.

The Air of Guadalajara is temperate and ferene, except in Summer,
which is molt troubled with Rain. The Land rather mountainous than
plain, very fruitful, well furnifhed with Mines of Silver, Copper^
Lead and Margafites-, the Paftures are rich, feedi; g abundance of Cat-
tle, they have Cittrons, Oranges, Figs, Apples, Pef)rs, Peaches, Olive-
trees, whofe Fruit is often dcftroyed by Ants,as their Corn, Maize and
Puife is by the Pies, which, though no bigger than Sparrows,arc fo nu-
rrierous that they deftroy whole Crops.

Its Cities are Caadelajara^thQ Refidence of the Kings Treafurer,dig-
nified with the Courts of Judicature, the See of a Bifhop, beautified
with a fair Cathedral Church, watered with many Fountains, and lit-
tle Torrents not far from the River Beranja,

In the Province of Xalifco^ the chief City is Compefiella, built by
CHz.man-i 1551. fituate in a Barien Country, and bad Air.

In the Province of Ckiamettlan is Saint Sehajiim^ nigh to which are
many rich Silver Mines.

The Province of C«//W^« hath Saint A//V^^e/, and th^t of Chinaloa
Saint John, where are rich Mines of Silver.

In Los ZicatecaSf are feveral famous Lodges near the Mines, and fome
Cities, as Zacatecas^ Durante, &c. In new Bifcany there are no Cities,
but only Mines of Silver, as Saint J^^^;?, Barbara and Endes.

The Audience of C^^rfw^/^, is divided into thefe Provinces, Gautc
tnala-y Soconufco^ Chiapa-) yern-pa^-^ Hondnrasy Nicaragna-i Cojiarica-t
and y'eragHat

^- - GaHtimala

Of New S F J I N. 58..

GaiitimaU is a Country hot , but rich , fubjed to Earthquakes,
and hath excellent Balms , Amber , Bezoar, and Salt, and
Indigo.

Full of rich Paftures, ftocked with Cattle, plenty of Cotton Woo!,
excellent Sulphur, llore of Medicinal Drugs , and ab indsnce of
Fruit, efpecially Cacao^ in vaft plenty, that it lades many Vellels which
ferves both for Meat and Drink.

Chief Cities are Saint Jaao de GammaU, Situate on a little River
betwixt two ^^/c-^wo's, one of Water, the other of Fire ^ that of
Water is higher than the other, and yeildsa pleafant Profpcdt, being
almofl all the year green, and fall of indian Wheat> and the Gardens
adorned with Rofes, Lilies, and other Flowers al] the year, and
with many forts of fweet anddelicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of
Fire is more unpleafant, and more dreadful to behold ;. here are Afhes
for Beauty, Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers, for Water
Vvhifperings and Fountain- Murmurs, noifeof Thunder, and roaring
of confuming Metals ^ for fweet and odoriferous Smells, a (link of
Fire and Brimftone. Thus is G mtlmda^z'SiX.td, between a Paradiie
and Hell; other chief Tov/ns are ^//.vco , PinoUj Petapa, zad -^ma-
titUn. The Refldence of the Governour, the Seat of the Bifnop,
and Court of Audience. In 1541.it was almoft; overwhelmed by a
Deluge of boiling Water, which defcended from ihztVHlcam.y which
is near it, out of which it caft Fire in abundance.

SoconHfco hath only the little City Giievetlaa, on the Coaft nothing
of parti nlar^ or worthy to be noted in it.

Chiapa is no-t very fruitful in Corn, or Fruit?, but well locked with
lofty Trees, fome yeilding Rafin, other pretious Gimis, and others
Leaves, that, when dried to Powder, make a Sovereign Piaifter for
fores. 'Tis full of Snakes aad other venemous Creatures,

Chiapa exceedeth molt Provinces of yimerka in fair Towns, 'tis
divided into three parts, viz.^ Chiapa^ Zelddes^ srA Za^nes.

Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies^ twelve Leagues
from the firft upon the River Grejavalva. St. Baytholomeves at the""-
foot of the CHchnmatlanes Moant^ins^Copa-aabafila noted for its Cotton.
Wool.

Near Chiapa are feveral Fountains which areftrange^ near^c^.v-
MtU is a Well, whofe Water is oblerved to rife and fall according
to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea, though far from it j near
St. Bartholomews is a Pit, into which, if one call: a Stone, though ne-
ver fo fmall, ic makes a noife as great and terrible as a Clap of

Thunder ; :

5^4 Of Netv SPAIN,

Thunder 5 another Fountain, that for three years together increa-
feth, though there be no Rain, and for three years after diminiflieLh,
though there be never fo much \ another that falls in rainy weather ,
and rifes in dry ^ another that kills Birds and Beafts that drink it ,
yet cures the Sick.

The entrance into Golfe Duke is ftraitned with two Rocks or
Mountains on each fide, but within a fine Road and Harbor, wide
and capacious fo fecure a thoufand Ships.

Bondiiy-as^ ov Comayagna, is a Country of pleafant Hil's and fruit-
full Vallies, hath Friics, Grains, rich Pr-ftares, brave Rivers, and
Mines of Gold and Silver, but its greatefc profit is Wooll. Its chief
places are Faliadolid^ equally diftant between the two -eas, fituate in
a pleafant fruitful Valley, 2. Gratias a Dios^ near the rich Mines of
Gold. 3- Saint fnan (del Forto de los Ca'vallo.s^ once a famous Port.
4. TraxiHoj both pillaged by the Englijh.

Nicaragua Q^W^d Mahomets Paradife^ by reafon of its fertility and
ftoreof Gold, a Country deftitute of Rivers, the v/ant whereof is
fupplied by a great Lake, which Ebbs and Flov\^s like the 5ea j upon
its- Banks are leated many pleafant Cities and Villages, the chief is
'Leon near nnroa f-^nlcano of Fire, where a Fryer, feeking for Treafure,
met with the end of his defign, and of his Life, the Refidence of
the Governour, and Seat of a Biiliop. Grenada beautified with a
fair Church and Caftle. Jaen Segovia-, and ^ealeo- near Mar del Zur.

Th^City Granada is cne of the richeft places in the India %.

The paffage of the Lake Granada^ or Nicaragua., called El Defa-
■gHadero is very dangerous.

Coffarica^ -au^ f^eragna, are the two moil EaUern Provinces of the

Audience of Gi^atimaia-, in thefirft, are the Cities of Carthage^ feated

' between the tv\o Seas, In the other. La Conception.^ La Trinadad^ and

SanBaFe^ being the place where the 5p^«i^r^'j melt, refinej and call;

their Gold into Bars and Ingots.

Weft

Of Nm MEXJGO.

585

'Eft of Floriddy and North of iVmSp^w,.there are numerous In-
habitants, and various Provinces and Countries little known
by the Enroyeans^ which I call in general New Mexico ^ others compre-
hend them under the name of New Granad^.^ however there have been
obferved divers people very different in their Languages, Manners and
Cuftoms, forne having fixed and fettled Habitations, others wandring
after their Flocks, fome dwelling in Cities or Towns, others in Herds
or Troops like the Tartars This Country was firft made known to the
Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de A/'//"^,in flamed by whofe re-
ports f^afqnez. di Cororado^ in the year 1540, undertook the further
difcovery tlierof-, where not finding what they looked for. Gold and

F f f f Silver

^^=-

585 Of Nm MEXICO.

Silvervhungry honour yeilding but poor fubfiftence, the further fearch
of thele Countries was quite laid afide, almoft as little known now as
before, New Mexico^ Caiiforma-, Anian^ QHiviria^ and Lihola^ are the
principal parts of it *. St. F( or St. Foy is the principal City, di-
llant from the Old Mexico^ above five hundred Leagues, being the
Refidence of the Sfani^ Govcrnour, where they have a Garifon and
Silver Mines.

Caiiforma-, once eftecmed a ?f«<«/«/<f , now thought to be an Ifland,
extending in length from the twenty fecond Degt ee of Northern
Latitude tothe/orty fecond, but the breadth narrow, the Northern
Point called Cape Blanco^ of which there is little memorable ^ the
moft Southern called Cape St. Lucoif remarkable for the great Prize
there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendifi, in his Circum-
navigation of the World, A»»o 1587.

Where is alfb Nova Albion^ difcovered by 5ir FraneU Drake-, Anno
1577, and by him fo named in Honour of his own Country, once
called Alhim, who caufed a Pillar to be ereded in the Place, on which
j he faftened the Arms of England.

\ Oppofite to Cape Blanco., and the utmoll North parts of America
'lies the fuppofcd Kingdom of Aman^ from whence the Straits of
' Anian., which are by fome thought to part Afia and America, do de-
five their name.

The Riches of Q^uiviria confift in their Oxen, who^fc Flelh is the
ordinary Food of the Inhabitants, their Skins fervethem for cloath-
ing, their Hair for Thred, of their Nerves and Sinews they make
Cotds and Bow-ftrings •, of their Bones they make Nails and Bod-
kins j of their Horns Trumpets i of their Bladders Veflels to keep
Water in, and their Dung when dried ferves for Fire.

In Cibola-, Granada., Acoma-, and fome other Places, the Natives live
^in Frotrefles upon the Mountains with Palifadocs and Moats, calling
their Villages by the names of their Cacicks, which laft no longer
than their Lives, therefore to us uncertain.

The River of Nort, which in all other Maps is made to fall into
Mar del f^ermejo-, or Mar del California., falls with three Mouths into
rhe Mexican Gulph.

Florida,

Flflrjrt'4 was firft dilcovered by the Jt^^/^/^', under the (Jonducr-rjr
Stbajiian Cabot^ 1479. Afterwards, farther fearched into by
fohn Defofiy a Spaniard^ who took pofTeflion of it in the name of that
King", t527> by him called Florida: Its Coaft is on the Gulph of
Mexico, which flows on its South ; it extends it felf nowfrom the
River Palma^^ which bounds it on the Province of Vanftco, in New
Spain, unto Bay Saint Matheo-^ or Mar delNors between this Gulph
and the Sea.

Florida ftretches out a Penwfnla towards the South, uhere the Cape
of Florida is not diftant from the Ifland Cuba , above thirty five or
forty Leagues, Others onlv give the name of Florida, to the Fcninfala

- 'Ffff2 of.

588 Of FLORID J.

of Tegefie-, which advances to the South, and contributes to form the
Great Gulph of Mexico, and the Chanel of Bahama. The Air of Flo-
rida and Carolina is fo temperate, that Men live to the Age of tyi,o
hundred and fifty years, v\(hile the Children of five Generations are
all alive at the fame time. The Soil is very fertile, full of Fruit-
Trees, and the Towns the befl; peopled in all America. The prin-
cipal River is that of the Holy Ghofi^ which falls into the Gulph of
Mexico. The Coall; is very inconvenient for great Vcffels, by reafon
of the (hallownefs of the Water. The Inland Country is polTefled
by the Savages., under the Jurifdidlion of Paronjfis, who are their
Lords. They are of an Olive Colour, great Stature, well propor-
tioned, their Hair black and long, their Women of good Ihape .
and handfome, they adore the Sun, and the Moon, and though they
make War one with another, neverthelcfs the Europeans cannot mailer
them.

They have publick places, where they meet for the diftribution of
Corn, which they give to evey Family that ftand in need of it. The
Spaniards are poffefTed upon the Coaft of Saint u^nffim., znd Saint Ma-^
thews.^ two ineonfiderable Colonies, though there be a Caftle belonging
to eachof them. Saint AhJUh is of moll confcquence, by reafon of
thz Bahama., through which the Spamjh Fleets ufually pafs, v^hen they
return from Havana'mio Europe. The Situation of this Country may
befcen in the Mapi containing all thofe Lakes and Rivers of Canada.,
as they have of late years been difcovered by the French and Errglifi.
I had long waited for a new Defcri&tion of the Country, and of
thofcvaft Inland Seas and Rivers, fo advantageoufly fituated for
Trade and Commerce, that it mufl needs be one of thefineft Planta-
tions in the World. But at prefent, the Proprietors, and thofe that
4r'e concerned, are not willing to publiih any thing of it, ,and there-
fore J inuft be filcnt.

Carolina

A Dejcrrftlon of Carolina. • 589

CArdina about the year 1660. was by his Ma]efly, the KTng ^f^r.^f
Brttain, &c. united to his Imperial Crown, and he by his Roy-
al Grant ellabliftied it a Province or Proprietorihip.digmfied it a Princi-
P3lity.and granted it by Patent to the Lord Chancellor aWo;7,to the
Lord Duke of ^/^.'.;^^n'.,to the Earl of C^^'^^^to the Lord Jjhky Cooper
Earl oiSha^stbnry, to Joh^ Lord Barkley, to Sir mihamBarkley^ and to
Sir John Colliton Knt- and Baronet,and to their Heirs and Succeaor^,^c.
It contains that pcirt of the Continent oi /meric a, ^^)^c\i by the'
Fr.«r/; was called F/or.V^ from her florid and fragrant Fields, verdant
Meadows,delightfuKWWs guarded with {lately Woods. It extends
it feif from the River St. Matbso to Caratucy an mlet near rirgtma.

^^o -^ DefcriptioH <?/ Carolina.

In this large Tra£t of Land are many Navigable Rivers, the chief
whereof are Memarle River, Naratok^ River, Ventcgo River, Nenfc or
Nm KiMtv^CUrendon Kiwcr,W'Atere KWtr^Craven or Santee River,^/fc%
iRlvcr,Coo/?fr Kivzr^Stofio Kiver-,Edtfto Kiv^TfColUton WiMtv-tCambahe and
WeftroKwtv^ May and MatheoKvftv-, many fafe, commodious and fpa-
cious Harbors, and for leflcr Rivers and Brooks it hath innumerable.

It contains two principal fettlements, the one called MbemarlcT,

other wife Roatuke fituated in about thirty five Degrees of Northern

Latitude, from whence as good Beef and Pork have been ftored, and

fent toother Plantations as Art andlnduftrycan improve, 'tis a large

and fpatious fettleinent, confifting at prefent of fome two or three

^hundred upon a fertile Soil. But the late and flourifhing Plantation

or Settlement lies more Southcrly,upon the Navigable Rivers of Aft-

ley &^ Cooper^knov/n to the Natives by the Names oiWando & Kiawah,

Carolina is of a fertile & fruitful Soil, where the Natives are (trong,

lively^ and well fhapen People, well humor'd, and generally kind to

-the Eftglijl}. They live a long and pleafant life, taking little care for

the fut'ure. Their old Women plant their Mays : And for the reft, the

.River affords them good Filh enough. And in the Woods they have

plenty of Provifions. Its chief place is CW/^j Town.

Neither is the heat fo fultry nor offenfiveas in places of the fame
Latitude of the old World; nor is the Winter fo pinching •• Yet
enoughto corrcd the humors of Mens Bodies, to ftrengthen and pre-
ferve them in health ; and enough alfo to put fuch a ftop to the Rife &
Sap & the budding of PlaY^ts,as to make them Bud & Bloflbm in their
diftind Seafons, and keep even pace till they be gathered. Which
makes it alfo proper for Wine and Oyl j of both which they may
in time have good quantities.

Liberty of Gonfcience is there allowed alfo ^ but Atheifm, Irreli-
gion and vitious Lives are condemned* The £»^//^j Proprietors have a
Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances of Land to prevent Suits and
Controverfies. And in fum, their frame of Government is generally lb
well put together, that jiKlicious Men that have feen it, fay, it's the
belt for the People that live under it of any they have read*

Toconclude,here the S^^'^«^'s are crowded with Deer,large& ftate-
ly Herds of Cattle parol the Meadows. Here the pleafant Paftures a-
bound with Sheep and Oxen,the Fields are repleniihed with EngUjlo &
Indian Corn.T.he Gardens,as in Afia^ Eurcfe^'dXt imbelifhed with the
choiceft Fruits & Flowers : Here the Htavens (hine with a Sovereign
Ray of Health, a ferene Air& a lofty Sky defends it from the noxious
:lnfe<fl:ions, &com.iion Diftempers that are incident to other parts of
the World. In a word, 'tis a falubrious Air to the Sick, a geaerousrc*
tirement& fhelter to the injured & opprefled- ^Tis a Fund & Trea-
fury to them that would be Rich. No

A Defmpion of Virginia uni Mary-Land. 591

NOTooncr had Colonns-, aim CoiumhSf made his prime difcov^ry
of the Weftern World,when feconded by Tohn Mot a Venetian,
the Father of Sebafiian Cabot^ in behalf, by the incouragement, and at
the Charges oi Henry the Seventh, King of England^ who in the year
1497- difcovered all this Coaft from the Cape oi Florida in the South,
beyond Nev9-found4ttnd \ in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 ,
and half: Caufing the Sachims or Petit-kings to turn Homagers to the .
King and Crown of £«^/rfW.
This difcovery by the lYfoCaboth Father and Son, did firft intitic

the

etfg -^ Defcripion of Virginia v?;?^ikfary-I.Snd.

x\\QCro^vioi England^ to the right of that vaft Trad of Land.

This delign was after feconded by Mr^ i^^re^ bringing thence cer-
tain of the faid Petit-Kings, who did homage to King Henry the Eight.

Redifcovered by the Direct ion, and at the charge of Sir Walter
Rawleigh^ Jnm I 584 •, who fending Mr. Philip jimada^^ and Mr- Arthur
Barlow-, did take pofTeffion theieof in Qtieen Eliz.abeths name - in ho-
nor of whom,he caufed all the faid Tradt of Land to be caWedF'irginiac

Some fay, it was fo called by the Queen her felf, by the Natives
called yJpMche}^ but Virginia is now circumlcribed by that fpace of
Land that lies between Mayy-Land-, which bounds it on the North,
and C^ro//??^ on the South. New-England^ New-Tori^., New-J'erfey,
■ Mary-Land^ Carolina iSiud Pefifilvama-, have fince been feparated from
it by particular Patents, and snade diftindt Provinces of themfelves.

The entrance by Sea into this Country, is by the Mouth of the
Bay of Chefapeac^ between Cape Henry and Cape Charles.

The chief Rivers of Virginia, are, i. Powhatan-, now called J^wej
River, on the Weft fide of the mouth of the Bay of Chefapeac \ this
River is at its entrance about three Miles wide, and Navigable about
one hundred and fifty Miles. 2. Pamannkee, termed Ti^r^ River,
fourteen Miles Northward from 3^rfwf J River; Navigable now fixty
or feventy Miles , but with fmall Veflels about thirty or forty
Miles farther. 3. Rappahanoc^ anciently known by the name of Top'
p<^^<««oc, Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles. Befides thefe
Navigable and mere principal Rivers, there are other fmaller Rivers,
and of lefs note, which fall into fome,orother of the forementioned J
Into Povshattan f2i\\s ^pi^matuc Southward •, Eaftward QhyanycahanHC-^
NmfawMnd and Chefopeac ^ Northward Chick^ntAhania. into Pama-
unkee fall Poyank-^tAnk:

That part of the Country now planted by the Englifi-^'is divided in-
to Nineteen Counties, viz,. On the Eaftern Shore, the Country of
Northampton in ^comack :, on the X^'eltern Shore the Counties of Cara-
tuck? Lower ■ Norfolk^-, Nanfemnndj Ijle oj Wight .^ Surry, Warwick^ Hen-
rico, James-, Charles-, York, New-Kent, G'ocefier, Middlefex, Lancajier-f
NorthumberU'^d, Wejltnorelandy Papp^hanock^ and Hartford. Of the
few Towns hitherto ere<n;ed in this Colony, the chief is JamesTovirii
theprincipal fe.at of the Englijl^, and fo denominated from, and in ho-
nor of King James -of Great Britain. This Town is (Ituated in a Pe-
ninfula, on the North Hde of J^^kw River, and hath in it many fair
Houfe?, whereof foraeare 6f Brick; and at a little diltance from the
City is a fair Brick Houfe called Green Spring,., v^'here the pre-
^"eat Go^N^ernour himfelf ufually refidcs. The other Englipi Towr/s
^cf m''>ft Confiderable note are only three, viz,, Hearicopolis , or

Henry t

J Defcrivtlon of Virginia or Mary -Land. fQ j"

Henrys Town, fituated about eighty Miles from James'% City, farther
u'ichin Land; Dales Gift^ fo named, from Sir 7/?(7/«<«^ Dalc^ Deputy-
Governour, in the year iCjig, at whofe charges it was built and
planted •, and Elii.abeth''s City , containing feveral good Houfes of
Brick and Stone, and lying on the fame fide of the River with J^wr/s
City, only nearer the mouth of the River.

Though EngUfi.) and other Forreign Coyns, a-re not v^ holly want-
ing here upon leveral occafions, yet the ufual way of Trafick,is, by ex-
change of one Commodity for another ; but the general Standard, by
which all other Commodities receive their Value, is Tobacco \ which
of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing, hath
been hitherto the Subjed of ths Planters Induftry, of which thereare
two forts, one called Stvf ft- 5ce»?f<5/, the other called O^-^wo^f, which
fjgnifies as much as bright and large; the firll is of the great eft price,
the other more in quantity. The Plantations that are judg'd to pro-
duce the beft fort of SveeetScented -, are upon Tork River : Of this
Commodity of Tobacco, there is fo great a quantity planted iu^ifV-
giniaj and imported from thence into E-ugUnd^ that the Cuftom and
Excife paid for it in England^ yeilds the King about 50000 or 60000
Pound Sterling yearly ; for there are bound hither every year above
one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England^ and otM^v Engli^
Plantations, merely for the taking off of this Commodity, which
they barter for Clothing, Houfhold-StufF, and all manner of lltenfils,
and the only thing which leflens the value of it, is the great quan-
tity that is planted of it, which if it were in lefs abundance, it would
be of much more elteem, and yeild far greater profit.

The Government of Virginia is by a Governour and Council, de-
puted and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain y
the Legiflative Power being in the Governor, and a General Aflembly
which he calls to advile with j and which confifts of two Houfes, the
upper Houfe which is the Council it felf, and the lower which confifts
of chofen Burgcfles.

The chief Cojrt of Judicature, where all Civil and Criminal Caufes
areheard and determined, and where the Governor and Council are
Judges, is called the Qiiarter-Courc, as being held every quarter of a
year. Thereare alfo Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in
each of the forementioned Counties, where matters not of the higheft
moment, that is to fay, not relating to life or Member, or exceed-
ing a certain limited value are tried, and from whence in fuch Cafes
Appeals are made to the Qiiarter Courts. There are likewife ap-
pointed by the Governour, for the better adminiftration of Juftice in
every refpedive Country , Sheriffs, Juftices of Peace, and other

G p p g Officers,

594 " J Defcriptio;! of MsLiJ-'Lmd.

Officers, of whom being deputed by the Governor to fit there, thele
Country-Courts chiefly confilt.

The Climate of Ftr^inia is generally healthful, and fince tht rcdi-
fication ot Diet and Lodging, not difagreeable to En^lijlo Bodies ^
however at the firfl: Plantation chey-were fubjea to a DiHemper called
a Seafcning> though of late not frequent, and much iefs mortal.

A DefcripioH oj Mary-Land.

' Ary-Land is a large and fertile Province lying betv/een thirty
_ _bDth eight Degrees,and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon
lides of Cheafapeak^Bay^ which is Navigable near two hundred Miles*
The Southerly Banks of the River P^/ow-wfc^ divide it from Virginia
on the South. The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on
the Eafl, Penfilvania on the North, and the Meridian of the firft Foun-
tain of the River Patow-mecl^ovi the Weft.

This Province of Mary-lartdy his Majefty King Charles the Firft,
Jlmo 1632, gFantedby Patent to the Right Honourable Ctzcilim Cal-
vert^ Lord Baltemere-, and to his Heirs and Affigns, and by that Pa-
tent created him, and them the true and abfolute Lords, and Pro-
prietors of the fame (favirg the Allegiance and Sovereign Dominion
due to his Majefty, his Heirs and SuccefTors ; ) likewife granting there-
by to them all Royal Jurifdidtions and Prerogatives, both Military
and Civil j as Power of enacting Laws, making of War and Peace,
pardoning Offences, conferring of Honours, Coyning of Money,
&c and in acknowledgment thereof yeilding and paying yearly to
his Majefty, his Heirs and SuccefTors twohdian Arrows at Windjor
Caflle, on Eafier Tuefday, together with the fifth part of all the Gold
and Silver Ore that fhall be there found-

The Rivers of Mary-LAnd2XQ Patowmecki Tatuxent, Ann Arundely
alias Severn^ Safquefahanoughy Choptanke^ Namecoke., Pocomoh^f with
feveral other leffer Rivers and Rivulets, to the great Improvement
of the Country , and Beauty of the Province, which is now very
healthful and agreeable to the Conftitutions of the Engltfi. And
fuch isthe temperature of the Air, that the Heats in Summer arefo
allayed by gentle Breezes, and frefh Showers of Rain, and the Cold
in Winter is fo foall and fliort, that the Inhabitants are not incom-
n.oded by either.

The

Jl Defcn^tioft of Mavy-L^nd. 595

The Country is generally plain and even, yet not without its
fmailand pleafant Hills, which heighten the Beauty of the adjacent
Vallies. The Soil rich and fertile, natura!ly.;producing all fuch Com-
modities as are found in New England ov Tirgifiia) or in any other
part of this Continent.

The Government of Mary Land is by his Lordfhips Care and Pra-
dence brought to a good Order and Settlement, and framed much af-
ter the Model of the Government in England. Upon Emergent Oc-
ca'jons, his Lordfhips Governor there advifeth vvich the two Eftates
of the Province, which conlill of an upper and lower Houfe, and is
called a General AfTembly y the upper Honle conlTfls of the Go tremor
and Coimcil,fand fuch Lords of Mannors, and others, as his Lordfhip
or his Lieutenant fliall by Writ from time to time call thither j and
the lower Houfe confiftsof Delegates, chofen by the Inhabitants in
the refpcdive Counties inthefaid Provincejwhich Afiembly his Lord-
fhip, or his Lieutenant, Convenes, Prbrognes, or DifTolves at pleafare;
and whaifoevcr is decreed or Enafted by this Aflembly, with his
LordihipsafTent, is of thcfameForce thereasan Adof Parliament is
in England^ and cannot pafs or be repealed without the concurring
aflentof his Lordfhip, with the other two Efti^tes.

Next to this Legillative Council, is the Provincial Court, which is
held every quarter of a year at St. Maries City ^ this is the chief Court
of Judicature, where the moft important Judicial Caufes are tried ^ of
which, in the abfence of the Lord Proprietary, the Lieutenant, or
Governor, and'Council are Judges ^ and this is for the whole Pro-
vince^ but for each particular County (for a great part of the Pro-
vince where any EngUJh Men are feated, is divided into ten Counties)
there are other inferior Courts which are held fix times of the year,
in each of thefe Counties, for the Tryal of Caufes not relating to
Life, iior exceeding the value of three thoufand weight of Tobacco j
with Appeals from them to the Provincial Court.

Of the ten Counties, five lie on the Weft fide of the Bay of Chea-
fapeack-) (viz.) St- Mar i€s^ Charles^ Calvsrt , y^nn Arundel znd Balti-
more Counties •, the other five on the Eaftern Shore, (viz,.) Somerfet^
Dorchefter., Talbot, Cecil, and Kent, Counties *, in fome of which there
are feveral Towns built , as Calverton , Harrington and Harvy-
Toxvn -^ on the Eail fide of 5t. Georges River, is St. Manes Ci-
ty, the Original and chief Town of this Province, where the G<:-
neral AITemblies meet, and the Provincial Courts are kept, andal-
fo the Secretaries Office, it being ereded into the Priviledge of a
Gity, by the name of St. Maries^ which gives denomination to that

G g g g 2 County-

59^ ^ Defer ipt ion of Mary-Land.

County. The Ground plat of a Fort and Prifon was long fince laid
here, upon a Point of Land termed V/indmill-Pohn, (from a Windmill
which tormsrly ftood there) being a very proper fituation for the
tonimandlng o-f St. George's River j this Fort will make a fecure Har-
bor for Ships to ride in fiom all danger of Holtile and Piratical la-
va lions.

Beiides the Houfe which belongs to the Governor there, by the
name of St. Johns in this City, the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles
Calvert^ his Lordfhips Son and Heir, hath of Jate years biiilc him a
very fair Houfe, partly of Brick, partly of Timber, where he and
his Family iifdaily refide, about eight Miles from St- Maries at M^t-
tapany.

The Natives of this Country are generally well proportioned, and
able-bodied Men, delighting chiefly in Hunting, being generally ex-
cellent Marks-Men, while the Women not only manage their Dome-
ftick Affairs, but alfo Tillage,' Plantation, jand all manner of im-
provement of their Land.

To conclude v the Impeopling and Trade of this Province, by the
vafl: Expence, Care and Indulfcry of the Lord Proprietary, hath been
improved to that height, that in the year i6jo, there were reckoned
near twenty thouland Engli[h phntcd there.

And that which keeps them together in the greateft Peace, Order,
and Concord imaginable, is the Liberty of Confcience, which his
Lordfhip in prudence allows to all Perfons that profefs Chrillianity,
though of different Perfwafions, ib that every Man lives quietly and
fccurely with his Neighbour, neither molefting, nor being molefted
for difference of Judgment in Religion •, which Liberty iseftablilhed
there by an A(n;of AfTembly, with his Lordfhips confent to continue
for ever.

For

A Defcrijftion ^/Penfilvania and New-Jarfey. 597

FOR the Province, the general Condition of it take as followeth-:
I. The Country it feif in its Soil,AirTVVater,Searons,& prodi.ce,
both Natural & Artificial, is not to be defpifed. The Land containeth
divers forts of Earth. God in his Wifdom having ordered it fo^ that^
the advantages of the Country are divided. 11. The

'V9S A Defer ipt ion of Fenfilvanla dnd New Jarfey.

li. The Air is fweet and clear, the Heavens ferene, like the South-
paics of France-t rarely overcall ^ and as the Woods come by num-
bers of People to be more cleared, that it felf will Refine.

III. The Waters are generally good, for the Rivers and Brooks
have mofily Gravel and Stony Bottoms, and in Number hardly cre-
dible. We have alfo Mineral Waters, that operate in the fame man-
ner with BarNet 2nd North Halif noc two Miles from PhiUde/phia.

IV. For the Seafons of the Year. Firft, Of the Fall, I found it from
the 24.th of Ofiober-, to the beginning of December^ as we have it ufu-
aliy in England in September, or rather like an Englijh mild Spring.
From December to the beginning of the Month called March, we had
iharp frofty Weather ^ not foul, thick, black Weather, as our North-
Eaft Winds bring with them in England \ but a Skie as clear as in
Summer, and the Air dry, cold, piercing and hungry. The reafon
of this Cold is given from the gieat Lakes that are fed by the Foun-
tains of Canada. The Winter before was as mild, fcarce any Ice at
all •, while this for a few Days Froze up our great River Delaware.
From that Month to the Month called June^WQ enjoyed a fweet Spring,
no Gufts, but Gentle Showers, and a fine Skie- From thence to this
prefent Month, which ended Summer, (commonly fpeaking) we have
had extraordinary Heats, yet mitigated fometimes by cool -freezes.
And whatever Mifts, Fogs or Vapors foul the Heavens by Eafterly or
Southerly Winds, in two hours time are blown away by the North-
Wefl: ^ the one is always followed by the other : A Remedy that feems
to have peculiar Providence in it to the Inhabitants.

V. The natural produce of the Country, of Vegetables, is Trees,
Fruits, Plants, Flowers* The Trees of moft note are, the Black-
Walnut, Cedar, Cyprus, Chefnut, Poplar, Gurawood, Hickery ,
SafiTafrax, A(h, Beech and Oak of divers forts, as Red, White and
Black', Spamfi Chefnut and Swamp, the moft durable, of all which
there is plenty fortheufeof Man.

The Fruits that I find in the Woods are the White and Black Mul-
berry,Ghefnut,Walnut,Plums, Strawberries, Cranberries, Hurtleber-
ries & Grapes of divers forts. The great redGrape is in it felf an extra-
ordinary Grape, & by Art doubtlefs may be cultivated to an excellent
Wine, if not fo fweet, yet little inferior to the Frontiniack^ as it is not
much unlikeintaflc.Thereisa white kind of Muskadel,& a little black
Grape, like the Clufber-Grape of England^viOt yet fo ripe as the other ;
but they tell me, when ripe, fweeter, and that they only want skilful
Vinercns to make good u(e of them. Here are alfo Peaches, and ve-
ry good, and in great quantities, not an Indian Plantation without
them i but whether naturally here at firit, I know not, however, one

may

A Defcrtptkn of Penfilvania And New Jarfey. f9Fg

may have them by Bii/hels for little, they make a pleafarit Drink, and
I think nor inferior to any Peach you have in England^ except the true

VI. The Artificial produce of this Country, is Wheat, Barley,
Oats, Rye, Peafe, Beans, Sijuaflies, Pumkins, Water-Melons, Musk-
Mclonf, and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in EngUnd wh^Wy
bring forth.

VII, Of living Creatures ; Fifh, Fowl, and the Beads of the Woods
here are divers forts,fome for Food and ProHt.and fome for Profit onlv.

Vlil. We have no want of Horfes, and fome are very good anct
(haiely enough ^ two Ships have been freighted to Barbadoes with
Horfes and Pipe-flaves, fince my coming in. Hereisalfo pleuty of
Cow-Cattle, and fome Sheep •, the People plow moftly with Oxen.

IX. There are divers Plants, that only not the /«^i^?7i tell us, but
we have had occafion to prove by Swellings, Burnings, Cuts, &c.
that they are of great Virtue, fuddenly curing the Patient : And for
fmell, I haveobferved feveral, efpecially one, the wildMirtle j the
other I know not what to call, but are moft fragarnt.

X. The Woods are adorned with lovely Flowers, for Colour ,
Greatnefs, Figure and Variety: I have feen the Gardens of London
befl; ftored with that fort of Beauty, but think they may be improved
by our Woods.

XL The firfl Planters in thcfe Parts were the Dutch, and foon af-
ter them the Sweeds and Finns. The Dntch applied themfelves to
Traffick, the Sweeds and Fims to Husbandry.

*XII. The Dmch inhabit moftly thofe parts of the Province that lie
uponoL' near to the Bay, and the Sweeds the Frefhes of the River
Delaware. As they are People proper and flrong of Body, fo they
have fine Children, and alm.oft every Houfe fullj rare to find one of
them without three or four Boys^ and as many Girls •, fome fix, feven
^nd eight Sons : And I mud do tnem that right, I fee few young Men
more fober and laborious,

XIII. The Dntch have a Meeting place for Religious Worfhip at
NewCaflk) and the Sw^^^x three, one at Chriftiana-, one at Tenecnmj
andoneat ^Ffc-cc(7, within half a Mile of this Town.

XjV, The Country lyeth bounded on theEaft, by the River and
Bay of Delaware, and Eaftern Sea ; it hath the advantage of many
Creeks or Rivers rather, that run into the main River or Bay ^ fome
Nivigable for great Ships, fome for fmall Craft : Thole of moftE-
minency are Chrifiiana, BrandywinCf Skillpot, and Shuikili j any one of
which ha-^?e room to lay up the Royal Navy of England-, there being
from four to eight Fathom Water,

XV. The

6oo J- Defirt^tiori of Penfilvania and. New- Jariey*

XV. The leller Creeks Or Rivers, yet convenient for Sloops and
Ketches of good burthen, are Livvis^ Mtj^hilion^ Cedar ^ Bover^ Cran"
brcokf feverjha^!-, aid 6>o"^f^ bclow, and Chkhcfier^ Chcfrer^ Toacavtt,y^
J^enwrapecl^i^ Poucjusfjitj^ l\clhin.enek ar,d Fem^berryiu the Freftles ^ ma-
nv Icffcr that admit Doatsand Shallops. Our People are moft fettled
upon the upper Rivers, which are pleafant and fweet, and generally
boandcd with good Land. The planted part of the Province and
Territories iscafl into fix Count'its^Philadelphia^ Bnckirtgham^Chefler^
Ncvff CafilCy Kint^ and Si^Jfex, containing about four thoufand Souls.
TwoGcneralAifembiies have been held, and with iuch Concord and
Difpatch, that they fate but three Weeks, and at leaft feventy Laws
were pall without one DifTent in any material thing. And for the
well Govcrnnent of the faid Connties, Courts of Jultice are eftablifht
in every County, with proper Officers, as jullices, Sheriffs, Clarks,
Conftables, c^c. which Courts are held every two Months: But to
prevent Law Suits , there are three Peace-makers chofen by each
County-Court, in the nature of Common Arbitrators, to hear dif-
ferences between Man and Man j and Spring and Fall there is an Or-
phans Court in each County, to infped and regulate the Affairs of
Orphans and Widows.

Xvl. PhiUJ.e'phia, the cxpedlation of ihofe that are concerned in
this Province, is at lafl: laid out to the great content of thofe here,
that are any ways interelted therein : The Situation is a Neck of
Land, and lyeth betw/een two Navigable Rivers, Delaware and
5i^«/^?7/, whereby it hath two Fronts upon the Water, each a Mile,
and two from River to River. Delaware is a glorious River, but
thQ ^hilkill being an hundred Miles Boatable above the Falls, and its
courfe North-Eaft toward the Foantain of Sidfqnahannah fthat tends
to the heart of the Province, and both fides our own) itisliketobe
a great part of the fsttlementof this Age. But this I will fay for
the god Providence of God, that of all the many Places I have feen
in the World, I remember not one better feated ; fo that it feems to
me to have been appointed for a Town, whether we regard the Ri-
vers, or the conveniency of the Coves, Docks, Springs, the lofti-
nefs i^nd foundnefs of the Land and the Air, held by the People of
ihefe Parts to be very good.

Of Weft New Jarfey. 6oi

Of Weji New Jarfey.

TH:S Province of IVeJl Jarfey, with that called Eafi Jarfey, a-
mong other Tra<5ts of La^idsand Territories, was granted by
the late King to the prefent King James the Second, fwhen Duke of
Tork^ and to his Heirs and Affigns for ever ^ who granted the whole
Premifes entire unto Jo^» Lord Berkley^^ Sir George Carteret to be hol-
den in common. And the Lord Berkley being minded to difpofe of his
Moiety or half p^rtyEdward Bytlynge bought the fame of him. Where-
upon that each Party might hold their Country in feveralty, it was
mutually agreed by Sir George Carteret^ and the faid Edward Byllynge,
that a partition fhould bemade thereof: The which was accordingly
done by Deed interchangeable enroll'd ; which partition begins on
the Weft fide of a certain place upon the South Sea , call'd by the
Name of Little Eag Harbor^ and which runs from thence by a ftreight
Line to the mofl Northerly Extent of the whole Premifes: Upon
which Partition it was agreed, that Carterets part fliould be call'd the
Province of the £^7? A^^iv J^r/^;', znd By/fy^ges part fhould be call'd
the Province of WeJ^ New Jarfey. Eaft Jarfey is bounded from the
Line of Partition Eaft ward, part with the Main Ocean, and part with
Hitdfom River ( which Separates it from New Torl^.) And Weft
Jarfey from the faid Partition Line expands it felf Southward and
Weftward, unto that famous Bay and River of Delaware j which al-
fo feparates that Province from Penfitvaniat in which Bay and River,
it's well known Ships of the greateft Burthen may ride at Anchor, and
pafs withfTety an hundred Miles up into the Country : And in which
River , from the Mouth of the Bay , . are not lefs than twenty
Creeks and Harbors; fome whereof ilfuing five, ten, fifteen, if not
twenty Miles into the Province. The Partition being thus made of
tlie two Provinces, the Government of Weft Jarfey was thereup-
on given and granted by .the prefent King, whenDukeof Tork^^ un-
to the abovcnamed Edward Byliyn^e^ and his Heirs, with the fame Ju-
rifdidions, Powtrs, Authorities and Government, as fully and am-
ply to all intents and purpofes, as the fame was granted to him, his
Heirs and AfTigns, by the late King his Brother, who was alfo pleas'd
to approve thereof by Publication, under the Royal Signet and Sign
Manual, Thereby, and therein, commanding the prefent and future

H h b h Inhabi-

^o2 ^ 0/ ^^f/ New. Jarfey.

Inhabitants, within the Limits of the faid Province, to yeild all due
Regard and Obedience unto him, the iaid Edward Billy nge^ts their
Governor, and to his Heirs, Deputies, Agents, ^c. 1 his Province

• from the Mouth of Delaware BBy-t along by the Sea fide, to the Line
of the Partitioa, appears in the Map to be about fixty Miles in
breadth • And from the Mouth of the laid Bay, to the Head or moft
Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware^ likewife appears to be
about two hundred and fifty Miles in length.

This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties,
as may be itien by the P^ejitred Deeds of every perfon or perfons,
who have already purchafed a whole or part of a Propriety jointly
with others, w-hicti Register is kept by He-tbert Spinget-'irL Georgc-ya/d
in Lumbard-^jheet^ London \ unto whom any perfons, who are minded
to buy one or more Proprieties, may repair: The faid Edward 'By!-
lynge having above twenty of tliofe hundred yet to fell. As tc the
Government, out of each Propriety, a Free- holder is to be Annually
chofen by the Inhabitants thereof, and to Meet and Sit as a General
Afiembly upon a day certain every year, which with the Governour,
or his Lawful Deputies aiethe Legiflative Power of the Province to
make and alter Laws in all times coming: BSt not contrary, or in any
wife repugnant, to Liberty of Gonfcience in matters of Faith towards
God, or the Religious Exercife thereof : Liberty and Property, both
as Men and Chriftians being eftabliOi'd in Wefl New Jarfey^ by an ir-
revocable Fundamental Law, never to be extinguifh'd or invaded by
any fubfequent Law hereafter to be made whatfoever : As alio not
any the lead Tax, Talledge, Subfidie, Rates or Services, to Ix; impo'.

• {td upon the'People^ but by the confent of thefe their Reprefenta*'
tjives in the General Aflemblies. The Tov^^ns and Plantations already
fettled in this Province, for the moft part are upon that Noble and
Navigable River of Delaware, or upon fome Creek or Harbor conti-
guous .thereunto, or upon the South Sea. And upon both, sre the
like conveniences for thoufands of more Families. Its- chief Tawns
and Rivers are noted in the Map: And it certainly enjoys all the ad-
vantages that the other parts do.

Thf

The Defer if t ion of Eaft New Jarfey. ^oj

Th Defcripion of Eaft New Jarfey.

TH E Province of Eafl New Jarfey lies next to New Tork. South
weft ward, having on the South, the Main Ocean, on theEaft^
that well-known Bay for Shipping , within Sandy Hooke^ to the
North, part of the Province of NewTork^ and New Mhany^ and is
bounded by that vaft Navigable Stream, called Hudfons Kiver^ to the
forty one Degree of Northern Latitude,and from thence croffing over
in a ftreight Line, extending to the nnoft Northern Branch or Part
of Delaware River ^ then to the Weft, Wefl Jar fey ^ from which di-
vided by a Partition Line j it takes its beginning from a place upon
the South-Coaft, called Little Egg- Harbor \ and fo runs in a ftreight
Line to the aforefaid Northernmoft Branch of Delaware River. This
Province is very pleafant and healthful, a great part of the back
Land lying high.

As to the Trees, Fruits, and moft other produds, it's not inferior
to any of the neighbouring Colonies. And for the fertility of Soil,
frefh- Water Rivers, Brooks,, and pleafant Springs, it is highly
efteemed.

The Country 2\ong Rariton-Rlver^ is a place fo delightful, and
fruitful, that Ogilhy in his Volumnof America, folio i8 i, 182, ma-
ny years ago hathgiven the World an extraordinary account there-
of.

,The Situation of this Province hath a very great and apparent ad-
vantage, for it lies even in the Center of all the EngHjlo Plantations
on that Continent, near to an equal diftance from the South parts of
Carolina^ snd the North of PemacjHid-, the sforefaid Bay of Sandy-
Hook^^ being very notable, both for the convenience and fecurity of
any number of Ships : And the Sea-Goafts of this Province are very
commodious both for Trade andFiftiing iefnecially the W hale Jilhing.

Within the faid Bay, upon the North lide of the Mouth of Rar.iton
Rivevy there is an excellent Tradl of Ground, C2\\t6^ Amboy ?oint y
where a Town or City is building called Perth : In which Town,
feveral good Houfes are already built, and inhabited, and more daily
are building, by the Proprietors and others, that are come to fettle
there. Nothing can be better and more advantageoully fituated than
this place for a Town of Trade, which lies about fixteen Miles within

H h h h 2 the

6o^ The Defer Ipno^ of E3.Q:NqvjJsly^Y.

theaforcfaid Bay, into which theremay go in Ships of the greatelt
Burden, and come out again at ali Seafons, as well in Winter time as
in Snmaier, and lie Tafe in Harbor, without any inconvenience of
Winds or Tydes, and clofe to the Wharf before the Houfes y in this
Town of Pe-thy can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun, with
their fafis on Shore at low Water.

There is befides the forementioned New Town , leven Towns
more built in this Province, viz.. Eliz^abeth Town, Nevrark^^ Wood'
bridgey Pifcatavfay , Berge:'?^ Ailddlttoune and Shrewsbury-, in which ,
and in Che out Plantations, many thoufand People are fettled, who
pcffeCi their Lafids, c^c. foms by piirchafe, moil upon very eafie
Rents, payable to the prefent Proprietors, there being all forts of
excellent Lands undirpcf<?d of, enough to plant many more thou-
feads of Families, who Ihall defire to transport themfelves thi-
ther..

As to the right, which the twenty four Proprietors have to tlvis
Country, it is derived from the Title of the hte Sir George Carteret^
by coveyance from the Earl of Bath, and other Truftees, joining
tvith the Lady Carteret, and is fince granted and confirmed in the
year 1682, to them, their Heirs and Affigns for ever, by his prefent
Majefty King James the Second* under his Hand and Seal, with all
the Royalties, Powers. and Governments thereof. The late King
Charles iht Second .y was alfo pleafed to approve of the faid Grant
and Confirmation, by publication under his Royal Signet, and Sign
Manual, dated 23^. of November i<583. therein, and thereby, com-
manding all Planters, and Inhabitants within the Limits of the faid
Province, to yeiid ail due Regard and Obedience to the faid Proprie-
tors, their Deputies, Agents, &c, 1685.

In this Province are fome Noblemen, and leveral Gentlemen of the
Scotch Nation interefled, (as well as thofe of England') fome of which
have gone themfelves, and Families, and are fettled there, and many
hundred others are lent from thence, who have made good Farms
and Plantations there, and fundry perfons are concerned in Shares
under leveral of the Proprietors, fome have half, fome a quartet, o-
thers an eighth, or tenth Share, ^c. andthefe have Trads of Land
laid out to them by the Surveyor General, according to the propor-
tions of their refpedive Intereft, upon their fending over Families
and Servants to fettle there.

The Traders in the Towns being furnilhed with fuch Goods and
Merchandize from England^ as are proper to thofe Parts, where the
Planters and Farmers may be fupplied with all fuch necellaries : They
^''^iflg. good Stocks of Cora and Cattle^, not only for commutation

The DefcrlpHon of Eaft New Jarfey, 605

at home, but for Exportation abroad, to other places that want.
The Town of A^etv^r^ alone, in one year, made. ready a thoufand
Barrels of gqod Cyder out of the Orchards of their own planting.
And the Town of WoodhrUgc above five hundred Barrels of Pork, this
Province affording Corn and Cattle, and other produdl to fhip off
to thQ Carihhe Iflands, &c. to fupply .their Neighbours, who have not
that plenty.

In this Province of Eafi Jarfey is this further encouragement, there
isfuchgood Provifion made for Liberty of Confcience. and Property
in Eftate, by the Fundamental Conftitutions or great Charter, on
behalf of all the Inhabitants, as Men and Chrillians, that very m.any
from other parts of Jmerica^ as well as from Enropr, have chofen to
g^o thither to live, where they do not only quietly and freely enjoy
their Eftates, but alfo an uninterrupted freedom in the Exercife of
their Religion, according to their particular Perfuafions*

Sfich as define te Tranfport themfelves and Families^ or h other-
ways concern d in this Colony^ may he direUed at the Sign of
the Star in George Yard in Lombard-ftreet, where-, and
when, to meet with fime of the T^roprietors^ who will givs:
them further Information,

Ntm

'Bojhtt
Charlej ■Town

JVewtftl
Tfatertotv
Dedh
Jici/titU
^oxbury
Dorcheyter
^ tit on,
S fAtntfe

yftnefcmU
Lim

Manchefitr

'BraJforJ,

To^rjieU,

N£vv E?7gUnd is a vafl: Trad of Land^ happily Situated, reach-
ing from forty to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude in
the middle of the "temperate ^o^e, and parallel to fome part of Italy^
in the Eaftern Hcmifphcre.

The Country for many Miles is not Mountainous, yet interniixt
with pleafant Collines, Plains and Meadows.

For Reivers, it hath in its largeft extent Delaware Kivcz^ navigable
one hundred and thirty Miles •• Hadfons River Navigable above one
hundred Miles : Com.eBkut River Navigable above fifty Miles, Mari-
meck,K\vtXt Pafcatawayy and many other conveniently Navigable ;
and for lefs Rivers and Brooke: you can hardly travel a few Miles
without pafling one.

The

Of New England. ^07

The Soil is fruitful, and yields Wheat, Rye, Peale, Bean?, Barley,
Oats, 7«^i<«« Corn, Flax, Hemp, and all forts of BhgU^i Herbs, and
excellent Simples proper for the Country. For Food, it hath Beef,
Pork, Mutton, plentiful, befides Goats, Deer,(^c. For Fifh, Fowl, and
good Cyder, it excels with good Cellarage to preferve all, which is
not common in Virginia. The-South fide of their Houfes are in many
places begirt with Hives of Bees, which encreafe very much.

For Fruit, it hath Apples, Pears, Plums, Quinces, Cherries, A-
pricocks. Peaches in Handing Trees, and many forts of wild Blew,
Black and White Grapes, and their wild white Muskadine Grilpe
makes a pleafant Wine.

For Timber, it hath leveral ibrts of Oak, and their v/hite Swamp
Oak*, (whereof they have great quantities) isefteemed near astOugii
as any in Europe^ befide Walnut, Alh, Pine, Cedar, &c.

For Trade, they have all forts of Provifions for the Belly, as of'
Flefli, Fi(h, and all Grain, as Corn, Peafe, &c. AndMafts for Ships,
Deal-boards, Iron, Tar, Bever, Moofe skins. Furs, and fome hun-
dred VefTels and Ships of their own, and Merchants who difperfe their
Commodities to the I^ eft-Indies^ and from thence to England.

The Country is capable of many other Commodities, as Wine ^
Salt, Brandy, &c. When labour grows more cheap by the farther in-
creafeof their own Children, or purchafe of Negros. They have
many Towns fupplied with good Miniftcrs, and have two Colledges
at Cambridge ^ they train their Youth when paft fixteen years old ,
and famake them bold and refolute.

As to their Government, they had fourteen Magiflrates, and were
not to exceed eighteen Afliftants by their Patent, whereof one is
annu:ally chofen Governor , and another Deputy-Governor by the
People, who are jealous of the infringement of their Priviledges.

For. Religion, they areProteflants, much as Pcrkjns^ they pray for
the liing, and the Enghjl) Nation, and for the Proteftant Religion
throughout the World. As to the Weather, the old Planters fay, that
fifty years fince, when the Country was not fo much opened (by the
felling of the Woods) they had much more heat in Summer, and more
cold In Winter, then they had fince ^ and that they find the Winter
flill lelTen as the Cosmtry is more opened. Their Winter begins in'
Decembti-y and commonly ends in February, The North Weft Winds
blow very keen, and fometimes holds forty eigHt hcnjrs. After that
with- the change of the Wind, they have moderate Weather. So
they reckon- to have ten or tv/elve cold days in a Winter, which days
are colder than in the fame Climate in Europe.

60S Of New England,

Their Summer is hotter, and that Heat more certain, and yet more
tolerable than this of England^ being moderated and allayed with
often Breezes ; and is very peculiar and agreeable to the Bodies of
thofeof our Nation, the Air being molt generally ferene, fweetand
exceeding healthy. And if any Fogs arife, the North Weft and Weft
Winds doquickly difperfethera ; and the Country fends forth fuch
a fragrant fmell that it may be perceived ere we make Land.

The Metropolis o( New Enala-r.d is Bofio7t^ commodiouny feated for
Traffi.ck on the Sea ihore,a very large and fpatiots Town, or indeed
Ciry, compofedpf feveral well-ordered Streets, and adorned with fair
and b^autilul Houfesjwell inha' ited by Merchants and Tradefmen ^ it
is alfo a place of good ftrength, having feveral Fortifications railed on
the Hills adjoining,well mounted with great Pieces, & well garded. Se-
condly Cambridge^ formerly Newtown, is beautified with two Colleges,
and divers fair and well-built Houfes, other Towns are Amsbury^ An-
dover^ Barnjlable, Beverly, Bilkricay Bradford^Braintre^ Bridgwater yCharles-
Town^Chensford-iConcord-^DartmOHth^ Dedham, Dorchejier^ Deerfeild', Do*
v€ry Duxburyt Exeter^^afiham^Fal^Jofith^GloceJIer^Crotton^ Hadfield^ Had-
/y, Hampton, Hartford, Haver il, Hingham, Hullf Ipfwich, Kenecbeck,^
Keteri, Lancafier-, Lime, Lin, London, Maldon, Afanchefier, Marjlifield,
MalborGW, Mendon, Medfield, Milton, A4idleton^ Monimoy, Newbury,
Newton, Newport, Northampton, Norwich,,? enicock^ Portfmouth^ Vlymouth,
Providence, PortJmoHth in Rode Ifland, Reading ,Rowly, Roxbury, Salf-
bury, Salem, Sandwich, Saybrook^^ Scarborough, Scitnate,Seaconk^ Spring-
field, Stoniton, S^Habaiig,S^kabeey, Sudbury, Swamfield, Tanton-, Water-
town, Wethersfield, Windfor, Wick^ford, Warwick, Woodcock^ Wamfick^-,
Worcejier,Wenam,Wells, Tarmouth, Torkt moft of thefe Towns are of
good account, and well inhabited, being commodioufly feated either
on the Sea-fliore, or on Navigable Rivers, as may be feen in the Map.
The Englifii Inhabitants are in Colour, Features, Husbandry, Navi-
gation, Cohabitation in Towns and Language, much as in E^^//j»^,
and have an eager nefs of Courage and yet lafting.

They purchaSd their Lands of xhz Saehems, which were the heads j
and the eldeftof the Indian Families, the Antient Proprietors, moft of
which were,aboutthe firftE«^/;|/Jj fettlement,fwept away with the fmall
Pox •• Another part by Wars among themlelves,and the remainder al-
moft deftroyed by their late Treacherous War with the l^ngltjh,bdng
cither fold,ilain,or dead with the Flux^ fo that there now remains but
few of them in iht MAjfachafet, and Plymonth Colonksj except fbme
Chriftians and other Indians, viho were true to the EngUfi againft thofe
other bloody Barbarians ; thefe indeed deferve encooragement.A good
part of which were under the Government and Difcipline of worthy

Major

Of New England. 609

Major Goetkins^ and Mr. Elliot, whole care and charitable Endeavours
for their Gonverfion may not be forgotten : And as to thzlndiamlztz-
ly defi:royed,they weiefeveral little Nations,living^ under ihQ Sachems
or Sagamors in Hamlets, confifting of Wigwams or Cottages j and for
the moft part were cloathed with Mantles'and Deer-skins^ they were a
timorous,rafh, and unfaithful People,judging all others by themfelves,
fach as had no tye, but what fear or intereft drove them to, and grew
infolentby the EngUjh indulgence, yet fomeof them confefTed they did
notbegin the War merely upon /»«'M«inIligation,and the Engli[h found
they had Powder and Shot enough, that they were good Marks-men,
and generally well armed,efpecially with Fufiesj which,they faid,they
bought of the French in Canada.

The manner of their Wars was by Incurfions, Surprizes and km-
bufcades ', and their Contrivances very fubtil, but if once difcovered,
they would be greatly difmayed. And this is certain, they were at lalt
overcome, and in a Ibrt extirpated by an apparent and diftinguilhing
hand of Gods Providence. And as to their conquer'd Countries, (now
under the EngUjh Jurifdidion) they are large and fruitful,and have ma-
ny IpaciousCorn fields,Plantations,pleafant Rivers and Brooks,fit for
delight and human fuftentation.

As to New England,\t is obfervabIe,that within the Compafs of Hxty
years pafl:,near two hundred Gentleraen,Minifl:ers and Merchants car-
ried their Wives and Children thither, and about forty hundred Hus-
bandmen and Mechanicks, with their Wives, and Children, and Ser-
vants, and near two hundred thoufand pound value.

That Stock of people is laid to be increafed to about one hundred
thoufand : And that more Perfons for condition and number of the in-
creale of the faid firft planters have come for England,tmn have gone
thither fince their faid principal fettlement.

And that the people of New England have fome years annually im-
ported and exported to and from old England to as great value in com-
modities, as they firft exported hence.

And as to that which hath kept them low, they thought if they
bought Negro'* s-i^nd had them Baptized, that they were then free, and
upon this millake omitted it, and thenfo much indulged their Englift
Servants, (becaufe themfelves could not work) that they gave them
almoft what they would have^andthus inriched them,and impoverifli-
€d themfelves.

And when others came afterwards, (if any thing likely) they were
foon tempted by inferior Planters to Marry and become Freeholders :
and feeing a goodly Country before them, thefe alfo quickly made

I i i i their

6io Of New England.

their fervice uneafie to the intolerable damage of their Mafters, who
were at great charges about them.

Bat fome may objed, that Barhadoes Mercha)its,over-much mindiEg
their profit, hav? twenty M^ro/ to one £»^/z/Jj Servant, to the now
great hazard of their Lives= As to that, it is very remarkable that
the long patience of tlie firil New England Gentlemen hath at laft
wrought this happy etfedl to their Pofterity, that fhould they now
•{lock their Farms with Negros and hdia/isy^iid mix them in Marriage,
(fuch Miilato's being found the belt Servants) in ferae years they may
make them Copy -holders, as the Villains were of old In England^ and
fo may make a great improvement of their Land.

Nor is it likeTy, that (were a few thoufand Negros Slaves in this
fort now to encresfe there j they could rationally prejudice fo great a
body of E'fjglijlj already bred and naturalized, befides lo vail ly
more encreafing in that Country, which alters the Cafe frb m that of
Barbadoes.

Moreover, fhould any Negro's fUH far into the Woods, they are
fure the wild Indians would deftroy them.

Now for its advancement, {omc Barbadoe'^s Merchants have lately
calculated, (andthofe of their moft experienced Planters alfo) that
twenty Negro'^s in New England) fbeing taught, for they are found as
capable to learn as the Englijh ) with fifteen hundred pound ftock in
Iron -Mills, Charcole, Bog-iron, Oar, ^c. would bring their Mailers
as good and clear an Annual income, as the fame Stock of Money and
■Negro's will produce by their Sugar-Mills in Barb^does.

And that fuch a number q{ Negros,^ being taught the way of railing
Corn, looking after Cattle, to make Cyder, Wine, Brandy, and
the Art of Carpentry for Houfes, of Saw-Mills, making of Brick,
and Brick-laying, building of VeiTels^ and Ships, and the Craft of
Fiihery, ^c may rationally with a Icfs Ilock of Money produce as
much advantage to their Mailers as the former. .,a

It is alfo confiderable, that the Land it felf of the firib Gentlemen
Plantersin New England doth begin to make a good Recompence to
the Children for the loffes of their Parents. Befides it imports into
England Bever,Moofe-skins,Furs,Bullen,andmany other Commodities
which they bring from the Weft Indies in their own Veflels, and do
export Cloth, Stufls, Cordage, &c. which is confiderable to His Maje-
flies Culloms, and to the Mariufadure of England, And they yearly
build many gocd Ships and Frigats, and fell them at London.

It is the Granary and Magazine, and lies moft ready tafupply Bar-
i>ado£s^ Jamaica, Mevii, &c. with Provifioil5, &C' being a thoufand
Leagues nearer than Er7cla»d or Ireland,

■ . St;

, Of New England. »^i j

It is a well fituated and fettkd Emporium-, having many excellent
Harbors in the great Bay.

• It is the beft prepared place to build Navies at eade rates, (at bis
Majefties pleafure) fince they are of late foraething more choice in
their Timber then formerly they were, and fpecially fince Ship-Tim*
her is fo generally wanting in E«^/<^W and Ireland-, and the Eafiland
Oak (as fome fay) is fo very fpungy.

It carries the mofl aw and countenance, and can (beft vi^ith a little
encouragement ) defend it feif againft a Foreign aflault ; and is
moft fit and ready to help and relieve His Majefties other Colonies,
if fuch a diftrefs ftiould happen.

And it is the grand Nurfery that breeds, and indeed that is found
moft proper to breed Men in great numbers of refolute, bold and
lafting courage ('and all other Creatures in like m,annerj neareft unto
thole of old England in the World j and their Men moft fit for Na-
vigation, Merchandize, or War by Sea or Land.

A Defcripion of New York.

NEW Tor^contains all that Traft of Land,which is feated between
New England, Virginia, Mary-Land-, and the length of which
Northward into the Country, as it hath not been fully difcovered, fo
'tis not certainly known, but in general it extends to the Banks ot the
great River Canada, Eaft and Weft, its breadth is accounted two
hundred Miles, comprehending alfo that Trad of Land, which is be-
tween Hndfons River, and Delaware River, called New Jarjey.

Its principal Rivers are Hndfon's River toward the Eaft, Rarltan
River about the middle, and Delaware River on the Weft., itschiefeft
lHands SiVQ Long' IJland, Manahattens-ljland, and Staten-ljland.

It was fo called from his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Tork^ the Pro-
prietor thereof by Grant from hisMajefty, >^»«o \66^, Who the
fame year grants and conveys out of it all that aforefaid Traft of
Land, and Premifes which is between Hndfons River, a\]d Delaware
River, MVito John Lord Berkley, zndSiv George Carteret, jointly by the
name of New Ccefarea or New Jarfey. So that New Tsrk now contains
only that part of New England, which the Dmch formerly feized, and
called it the New Netherland,and Nova Belgia-tlying between E/ndfon's

li i i 2 and

6 12 A Defer ij}t tan of New York.

and Conecikm^vJzts on the Continent, with the Iflands of Afanahattetty
and Long-Ijhwd^ oppofite thereunto-

Manakattens Ifimd-, fo called hy thz Indians, it lyeth betwixt the
Degrees of forty one and forty two North Latitude, ar.d is about
fourteen Miles long, and two broad, whole chief place isiV^iv Tork^y
feared upon the South end of the aforefaid Ifland, having a fmall Arm
of the Sea, which divides it from L:»«^ Ijland, on the EaftHde of it*
which runs Ealtvvaid to New ^ngland^ and is Navigabie> though
dangerous.

fhJfon's River runs by New Torh Northward into the Country, to-
ward the Head of which is feated New Jlbany, a place of great Trade
withthe Indians^ betwixt which and New Tork-, being above one
hundred Mik^, is as good Cori^-Land as the World affordsjcnough to
entertain hundreds of Families, in the time of the Dutch Government
of thofe parts. At Sopers was kept a Garifon, but lince the redncc-
ment of thofe parts under his Majefties Obedience, by the care of the
Honourable Colonel Nichol's, Deputy to his Highnefs, fuch a League
of peace was made, and FriendQiipconcluded betwixt that Colony
and the Indians^ that they have not refifted or difturbed any Chriftians
there, in the fettling or peaceable pofleflion of any Lands with that
Government, but every Man hath fate under his own l^ine, and
hath peaceably reapt and enjoyed theFruits of their own labors, which
God continue.

New Tork is built moft of Brick and Stone, and covered with red
and black Tile, and the Land being high, it gives at a diflance a
pkafjng Afped to the Speflators. The Inhabitants confift moft f»f
En^liflj and JDmch and have a confiderable Trade with the Indians,
for Bevers, Otter, Raccoon skins, with other Furs j as alfo for Bear,
Deer: and Elk Sins j and are fupplied with Venifon and Fowl in
the Winterand Fifhin Summer by the Indians, which they buy at an
eafie rate^ and having the Country roundabout them, they are con-
tinually furn'fhed with all fuchprovifions,as are needful for the life of
Man> not only by the E«^/i/fc and Dmch within their own,.but likeL-
wife by the Adjacent Colonies.

The Commodities vented from thence are Furs and Skins before-
mentioned ; aslikewife Tobacco made within the Colony, as good as
isufuallymadcin.^<ir)!-I'4/7^: Alfo Horfes, Beef, Pork, Oyl, Peafe^
Wheat, and the like.

Long Iflandi The Weft end of which lies Southward of NewTorb^
runs Eaftward above one hundred Miles,and is in forne places eight,in
Ibme twelve, in fome fourteen Miles broad ; it is inhabited from one
end to theothfir.. On the Weft end are four or five Dutch Towns, the

relt

A Defer ipt ion of New York. 6t J

reft being all EngUjh to the number of twelve, befides Villages and
Farm-Houfes- The Ifland is moft of it of a very good Soil, and very
natural for all Ibrts of EnghfiiGrzin •-, which they fow, and have very
good encreafe of, befides all other Fruits and Herbs comiTKin in Eng'
landj asalfo Tobacco. Hemp, Flax, Fur kins, Melons, &c.

There are feveral Navigable Rivers and Bays, which put into the
Northfide of Long JjlarJ^ but upon the South[,de which joins to the
Sea, it is fo fortified with Bars of Sand and ihoJes>that it I* a luffident
defence againft any Enemy, yet the Southfide is not without Brooks
and Rivulets, which empty themfclves into the Sea j yea, you Ihall
fcarce travel a Mile, but you fhall meet with one oi" them, whofe
Chriftal Streams run fo fwift,that they purge themfel v es of fuch flink-
ing xMud and Filth, which the ftanding or low-paced Streams of moft
Brooks and Rivers Weftward of this Colony leave lying, and are by
the Suns exhalation diflipated, the Air corrupted, and many Fevers
and other Diftemper occafionedi not incident to this Colony : Nei"
ther do the Brooks and Rivulets premiled, give way totheiFroftia
Winter, or Drought in Summer, but keep their coiirfe thriiighout
the year.

Towards the middle of Long Ijlmd lyeth a Plain fixteen Miles long,
and four broad, upon which Plain grows very fine Grafs, that
makes exceeding good Hay, and is very good Pallure for the Sheep
or other Cattle j where you Ihall find neither ftick nor ffone to hinder
the Horte Heels, or endanger them in their Races, and once a year
the belt Horfes in the Ifland are brought hither to try their fwiftnefs,
and the fwifteft rewarded with a Silver Cup, two being annually
procured for that purpofe. There are two or three other fmall Plains
of about a Milefquare, which are no fmall benefit to thofe Towns;
which enjoy them.

Upon the Southfide of Long Jjland in the Winter, lye ftore of
Whales and Grampufles , which the Inhabitants begin with fmall
Boats to make a Trade, catching themto their no fmall benefit. Alfa
an innumerable multitude of Seals, which make an exxrellent Oyl j they
lie all the Winter upon fmall broken Marihes, and Beaches, or Bars
of Sand before mentioned, and might be eai^lygQt, werchereiQEnfc
skilfulMen would. undertake it. v r- \ - ., .;«.^ .^

6i4 0/" ^^^ North IVefipm of America.

Of Canada or Nova Francia.

CJnada^ fo called from the River Cafjada, which hath its Foun-
tains in the undifcovered parts of this Weftcrn Traft j feme-
times inlarging it felf into greater Lakes, and prefently contracted
intoanarrov/ Chanel, with many great windings and falls j having
cmbofomedalmoft all the reft of the Rivers. After a known Eaftern
courfe of near fifteen hundred Miles ^ it empties it felf into the great
Bay of St. Lawrence overagainft the Ifle of AJfumftioriy being at the
Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth, and one hundred and fifty fathom
deep. On the Northfide, whereof the French (following the Tradt
of the faid C74l?of ; made a further difcovery of the faid Northern
parts, by the Name of Nova Francia.

The Country is full of Stags, Bears, Hares, Martins and Foxes ,
iloreof Conies, Fowl and Fi(h, not very fruitful or fit for Tillage,
the Air more cold than in other Countries of the fame Latitude

The chief places are Br eft ^ Queheck2.ndi Tadnofac-, a fafe but fraall
Haven. The French Trade here for Bever, Moofe-skins, and Furs,
and are faid to be about five thoufand ; what difcoveries have been
made of late years of the Southern part of this Country, maybefeen
in the Map of Florida^ &c.

Nova Scotia,

Contains that part of Land, which the French call Accadie or
Cadki being fo much of the main Land, as lyeth between the
RiiwrCt^^^, ana the large Bay, called Bay Francoife, from the Ri-
ver ofSt. Croix^ upon the Weft to thelflc of yifiimption on the Eaft,
firft difcovered by Sebaflian Cabot j who, fetting fail from Briftol at
the Charge of King Uenry the Seventh, made a difcovery of it unto
the Latitude of fixty fevenand a half.

V^hich

of the North Weft fart of America . 615-

Which being negleded, after this xJatFrench planted on the North-
fide of the River Canada, Aod after that Monfienr dn Monts fettled
one part of that Land called Nova Scotia^ but in the year 161 3, was
outed h^%\x Satmal Argai: And m ttie year f62!, King James^ by
Letters Patents, made a donation of it to Sir W^Ui-m Alexander^
afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland ^ calling it Nova Scotia^ in
purfuance of which Grant, he in the year 16221 fent a Colony thi-
ther : And I am i^iformed, that it was after by Ads of Parliament
annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland^ however I think the
French have now a Colony at Port Royal^ and are the only Pofleffors
of that Country.

, Of Nexpfoundland.

THIS was firft difcovered by the two C^^o/'/, Joh/i ^ind his Son Se-
hafliany employed by King Henry the Seventh 1497? the bufinefs
laid afide was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot^ two of Brifiol^
who afcribed to themlelves the difcovery of it, and animated King
Henry unto the enterprize,'^^»<? 152.7, IH the meantime, the French
and /'<?'-' «^<«/jreforted to it. '

But the Englijh would not relinquifh their pretenfions to the Primer
Seifm^ and therefore in the year 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert took pof-
feffion of it in the name of the Qjaeen of England-, who being Ship-
wrack'd in his return, the fending of a Colony was difcontinued till
the year 1608, when undertook by John Guy^ a Merchant of Brifiolj
and in the year 1616^ Sir Gewge Cahert Knight, then principal Se-
cretary of State, afterward Lord Baltemore, obtained a Patent of
part of Newfoundland, which was erefted into a Pre-z/iKCf, and called
Avalon, where he caufed a Plantation to be fetled, and a ftately Houfe-
and Fort to be built at Ferriland.

'Tis an Ifland for extent f they fay) equalizing England, from?
whence it is diftant about five hundred and forty Leagues, fituate be-
tween the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude,
and is only levered from the Continent of America by an Arm of the:
Sea^ as England is from France,

It is femousfor many excellent Bays and Harbours, it hath great
plenty of FiflijLand and. Water Fowl, and is fufficiently Itockt with

€\6 Of the North Weft ^art of America.

Dcers, Hares, Otters and Foxes, which yeild great Fur, it affords
(lately Trees fit for Timber, Malts, Planks, and other ufes. The
Soil is efteemed fertile, the Climate w hoi fom, but the rigor of Win-
ter, and exceflive Heats of Summer much detradfrom its praife.

Before the Ifland at the diftance of twenty Leagues from the Raz^e^
lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground, extending in lingth about two
hundred and forty Leagues, in breadth in the broadeft place about
five and twenty Leagues, by Cabot^ called BacaUosy from the great
multitude of Codfifh, which fwarmed there lb numerous, that they
hindred the paflTage of the Ships, and is now called the Grand Pank^
where our Ships fait and dry their Fifii.

There is no part of NewfonndUnd more happy for multiplicity of
excellent Bays and Harbors, than the Province of v^x'^/o«, and there
are vaft quantities of Fifli yearly caught by the EngUflj, at Ferriland,
and at the Bay of Bulls ^ though the whole Coaft afford infinite plenty
of Co^and Poorfohn-, which is grown to a fetled Trade, and were
the f;?^//]^ diligent to in fped the advantage of fetling Plantations
upon the Ifle, and raifing Fortifications for the fecurity of the place,
they might ingrofs the whole Filhery.

Of ICELAND.

ICe-Lnndy or the antient Thnkj fuppofed by fome to be as large as
Ireland. Our Englilh Mafters, who have fifhed there many years,
give this Account of it. That the moft Southerly part of it, called
Jngulf'foot^ is in the Latitude of fixty four Degrees and twenty five
Minutes. And the moft Northerly part is Rag-fointy in the Latitude
of fixty fix Degrees and five Minutes, whereas our Maps, as alfo the
GrcAt Atlas makes the Ifland above eighty eight Degrees of Northern
Latitude, which grofs miftake is refuted not only by obiervation,
but alfo by the Suns continuance two Hours above the Horizon,
in the middle of December^ in the moft Northern part of the Ifland.
It is feated North Wefterly from the North of Scotland-, viz.. from
the Start or Head Land of Orkriey^ to the S. W. Head of Fero is
Efty five Leagues) and from tbcnce to Ingulf -foot is eighty five Leagues
nxxore.

Of the North Wefipart of America. 6\i

It hath four remarkable- Mountains in it, of which HecU is the moft
famous, which burns continually with a BIew,Brimftone-Jikejand moft
dreadful Flame, vomiting up vaft quantities of Brim/lone, and that
vyhen it burns with greateftvehemency, it makes a terrible rumbling
like the noife of loud Thuuder, and a fearful crackling and Tearing
that may be heard a great way off. 5ee more of this^ Manmres
Northern Voyage, ^age \ 34.

In the Philofophical Tranfa(ftion, Number 103, 'Dr. Paul Biormnm
Refident informs us, That it abounds with hot ^prings^ of which
fome are fo hot, that in a quarter of an hours time they will fuffici-
ently boil a piece of Beef. Arngreim Jonas tells us, It was inhabited bj
the Norwegians^ Anno 874, afterwards by the Danes^ under whole Go-
vernment and Religion it now is. Thelflandis well peopled, but
they live only in the Vallies, and towards the 5ea-lhore. Their Dwel-
lings arc4:ather Caves than Houfes. The Inhabitants are faid to be a
Lufty, Comely, Affable People, faithful in their Dealings, addiaed to
Learning, having three Univerfities, fuch as they arc : But their Law
allows of no Phidcians, but admit of fome Chirurgeons to cure their
Wounds. The Air is healthy, but the changes of Weather are very
uncertain,for fometimes it 5nows and Hails in the middle of 5ummer,
and the Winds are often in that feafon moft furious.

Their Commodities are Sheep, Cows and Horfes. Great plenty of
moft fort of 5ea-fifli all the year round their Coaft. There are Lakes
upon the high Mountains, well ftored witk Frelh- Water- Fifh, and
their Rivers with Salmon. In Summer time they have plenty of
Wild-Fowl, as Mallard, Duck, Teal, Partridge, Wild Geefe,
Plovers. In Winter time Ravens, Eagles, Wild Ducks, Sw^ans, &c.
Their Drink is Milk mingled with Water. Their Bread is Cod
caught in the Winter time, and dried in the Froft, commonly called
Stock-Fifh, as alfo Hokettle or the Nurfe-Filh, with the Livers they
make Oil to burn in their Caves under Ground ; the other parts they
cut into pieces, and bury them four or five Weeks under Ground,
then walhthem, and dry them in their Stoves, and this ferves inftead
of Bread, if broiled on the Coals, it ferves for Meat j and of the
Skins of the Fifh they make their Shooes.

The general Employment of the People is either Fifhery, or the
making of Wad-moU, or a courfe fort of Woollen Cloth, of which
they make Gowns, Coats, Caps, Mittins for Seamen and Fifhermen.
There are alfo little Shock Dogs faid to be the Whelps of ordinary
Bitches, lined by Foxes, that come on over the Ice.

There is only one Fort, which is upon one of the chief of the Wtji
Manny Iflcs ten Leagues from Merchants Foreland^ with twelve Iron

. K k k k ^ Gun§

6i8 Of the J<forth Wefi fart of America.

Guns in it, and there their Coarts are hel<^" and thcBilhop has his
Refidence ; As for their Government and Laws, fee Dithmar, Belfkjns
and Arngreitn Jonas-, or Tnychas in his Pilgrimage. Sometimes Danes^
HamhHrgerst and Lahekcrsy put into the Ifland, and furnifh the Iflan-
ders with fuch Provifions as they want- The chiefefl j: laces where the
Ships ilay, €lte the Havens of Haneford and KtpUmcl^^ and the Go-
vernor refides ziBelefied', the i)^«^.' bring from thence dried Fifh,
Train-Oil, Butter, Tallow, Sulphur, Raw Hides, and particularly
ia fort of \Vhales Teeth, which feme efteem as much as Ivory.

Betwixt Cape Farewclj and Cape Snmayy lieth a great Sea dilating
it felfr both towards the North, South and Weft, giving great hopes
of a North Weft paflage to China^ and the Ea(i Indies^ much fearch-
€3 into by many Englifl} Worthies, FYobii}ur-,WeymoHth.,Hiidfon^Bmtor}^
Baffin., Smth^ James and othersi who have failed therein, fomeone
way, fome another, and given names to many places, as may befeen
in the Map, and in the year 1667, an Honourable and Worthy De-
iign was renewed, and undertaken by fcveral of the Nobility of Ez?^-
laf^d^^ud divers Merchants 0^ Londcn^ for thedifcovery of this North
Weft paflage, and to fettle a Trade with the Indians there. Captain
ZachariahGillam being Commander, who in the Nonfnch Keuh palled
through Hudfons Straights.,ihen into Baffins Bay, from thence Southerly
into the Latitudeof fifty one Degrees, or thereabouts, in a River now
called Prince Ruperts Kivo'-, he there found a friendly CorrefpondeHce
with the Natives : Built a Fort called CW/fj i-Vr, returned with
good fuccefs, and iaid the Foundation of an advantageous Trade is
thofe parts. Butin the year i ^87, feifed upon by the French.

CnenUnd

Of the North Wefi fart of America.

619

Of GREENLAND.

GReenUttd is a Country of vaft extent, an unknown Trad ,
and not yet fully difcovered, for notwithftanding fever al
Voyages, and many Ships have touched upon its Coafts, yeE
it ftill lies obfcured in a Northern Mift '-, unlefs the names of certain
Bays, Capes, &c. viz- Cape Parervel^ Cape Comfort^ Cape DefoUHon^
WarmchForetand-i and Bearsford.^ where 'tis faid the King of Denmark.

hath a Governor. ., . , x^r

K k k k 2 Of

6ao Of GREENLAND.

Of GREENLAND.

r~f^Owards the North £ai^ lies a Tracft of Land,, called Greenland'
j^ by ihQ Efi^lifi, Spltshnr^ by the Vntch^ feated between feventy
fiX Degrees, and eighty two of Northern Latitude, but whether an
Ifland or Continent, is not yet known. The whole Land is fo com-
pafTed with Ice, that it is difficult to be approached,, fometimes in the^
middle of Tme, tho' ordinarily the Ice breaks in May.

The Soil is in mofl: j)lac€s nothing but Rocks, or heaps of vafb
Stones, many of them fo high , that the apper half feeras to be-
above the Clouds. ThelittleVallies between them are nothing elfe
but broken Stones, and Ice heaped up from many Generations. A-
bout Roefield and Maple- Haven is the greatefl quantity of low Land ,.
which alfo is full of Rocks, Stony, and for the raoft part covered
with Snow and Ice, which when melted as in Summer, dilcovers no-
thing but a barren Ground, producing Heath, Mofs, and fome few
Plants,'as a kind of Cabbage, Lettice, Scurvy-Grafs, Sorrel, Snake-
weed, Heartfealcj a kind of Strawberry, divers forts of Ranunculus,-
and of femfer-Vives in the Mountains, that are expofed to a warm
Air and Sun-beams j in the Holes and Rocks infinite quantity of Fowls
Neft?, whofe Dung, with the Mofs wafhed down by the melted Snow,
makes a Mould in the Vallies or Clefts, which produceth thofe Plants
aforefaid.

For'tho' it hath ^heSun for half a year, yet never above thirty
three Degrees and forty Minutes above the Horizon j the power of
its beams are infufficient to difpel the Cold, or diflblve the Ice, lb
that the Vapors from the^Earth are not hot enough to warm the Air,
nor thin enough to rifeto any confiderable height, but hang conti-
nually in thick dark Mifts about the Land, that fometimes you can-
not fee the length of your Ship. 'Tis alfo remarkable, thzt^t Cktrry
'mjune 1608, it wasfo hot that melted Pitch ran down the fides of
the Ships, and that the Ice is laifed above the Water many Fathoms,
and many times above thirty Fathom under Water, and fometimes
'tis frozen to the bottom of the Sea. The freezing and breaking of
the Ice makes a great and terrible nolle, fometimes it breaks ijito

great.

Of GREENLAND. 621

great pieces, and foraetimes it fliatters at once into fniall pieces, with
more noife, but lefs danger.

The Beafts of the Country are Foxes of divers Colours, Raindeer,
Bears fix Foot high, and fourteen foot long-

Of Water Fowl there is great variety, and hnfo great abundance ,
that with their flight they darken the Sun, 'vtz.. Ducks, Willocks ,
Stints, Sea-Pidgeons, Sea- Parrots, G'ulls, Noddees. There arealfo
great quantities of Fifhes, as Seals, Dog-Fifhes, Lobfters, Gerneis,,
Star-Fiih, Macarel, i^olphins, Unicorns, Whales, &c.

Oar Men that wintered in G'r<'e«/i<«^, Anno 1630, loft the Light
of the Sun> OMer the. fourteenth, and faw it not again till February-
the third.

Thofe that ftaid there 1633, fay, that O^oher the fifth was the laft
day they faw the 5un,tho' they had Twilight till the feventeenth, and
on the twenty fecond, the Stars were plainly to be feen, and fo con-
tinued for all the Winter. January the fifteenth, they perceived ft>
much Light as to read by it i Fe^r^^r^ the twelfth, they faw the light. .
of the Sun on the Tops of the Mountains.

Thofe that wintered in Nova ZembU \ 595, in thefeventy fix De^
grees, on Offober the twenty third faw the Sun not fully above the;
Earth : After Ottober the twenty fifth, they faw the Sun no more till
Jamaryx\it twenty fourth ; they faw the edge of the Sun abov&the
Horizon. Thefe alfo tell us. That in feventy four Degrees, the
Water was asgteenasGrafs. And that at Cherry or Bear Jjland in
the feventy fourth Degree,, and thirteen Minutes, the variation was.
thirteen Degrees.

The firfl: we read of that fearched for the North Weft paflage, was
Martin Frobifier^ in Anno 1576, with two Bark's, coming to the La-
titude of fixty two Degrees, found a great Inlet of fixty Leagues in
length, and main Land on both fides, called by him Frobifiers Straits.
He found there a certain Oar, which he thoight to be Gold, and the
next year made a Voyage to fetch a quantity of it, but it proved but
black Lead. And upon Smiths Ifle they found feveral Stones, cut of
which they melted Gold, but in very fmaU quantities. They found
alfo a dead Fifh of about twelve foot long, infliape like a Porpoifcr
having a Horn fix foot long growing out of his Snout, whichis ftill
kept at Windfor,

In 1583, Six Humfhry Gilbert yitv\t to x\iQ great River of St. Law-
rence \]\ Canada, took poflTeffion of theCountyi and lettled a fiihing
Trade, thereby

622 Of GREENLAND,

In 1585, Mr. 'John XJ^i^i^ was employed for fearch of the North
Weft paflTage: The firft Land he came to, he called the Cand of De-
foUtiofu then he arrived in Gilberts Somid, in the Latitade of fixty
four Degrees and fixtcen Minutes. Thence they went to fixty fix
Degrees and forty Minutes to Moant Raleighj Totnes Sound, &c. In
1586, he made a fecond Voyage to the fame place, found amongfl:
the Natives lome of Frohifiers Oar, as alfo Lapis SpecnUrUy Copper
Oar, as alio black and red Copper, and returned, after fearch of ma-
ny places, with hopes of difcovering thedelired PafTage •• So that in
the year 1 587, he made a third Voyage tofeventy two Degrees and
twelve Minutes, where the Corapafs varied to eighty two Degrees
Weftward, tlie Land he called London Coaft, and there they found
an open Sea, forty Leagues between Land and Land, which hfJ called
FretHm Da'vif.

In the year 1610, Mr. Hudfon proceeded one hundred Leagues fur-
ther than any before had done, and gave names to certain places,
'Viz.. De fire- Provokes.^ Ides of Godmercie-, Prince Henries Cape., King
James Cape^ C>ieen ^nns Cape-, &c. but the Ice hindred him from
going further", and the mutiny of his Men from returning
heme.

In 1612 -, J-^^ffies Hall-, and with him William Baffin difcovered
Cockin^s Sound, in the Latitude of fixty five Degrees and twenty
Minutes,which differed from LondonCixty Degrees and thirty Minutes,
where J^wf J /i/^// was killed in the Boat by a Amative, pretending to
trade.

They faw Rocks of pure Stone, finer and whiter that Alablaflcr,
and Angelica growing plentifully.

1615, ^^/^« was fent again, he found F^/r-po/W to differ from lo;?-
^(/wfeventy four Degrees and five Minutes, and found that there was
no pafl^age through Davis Straits, it being only a great Bay.

1626, Baffin went again, and in 't>u Thomas Smith's Sound, their
Corapafs varied fifty fix Degrees Weftward, but finding no pafiagc
returned home.

Sir H. WilloHghby^ i^53> iti hisdifcovery for a North-Eaft paflage,
pafl^ed by a large Country, by the Weftfide whereof he failed for*
forae days together, and therefore could not be a finall lilandas the
Dutch make it: We have nothing of the Voyage,but thofe (hort notes
which were found lying upon his Table aftenliis Death •, which was,
that in A'^gnfl the fecond they parted from Seynam ^ Angufi the four-
teenth, they were one hundred and fixty Leagues North Eafterly
from Seyn^mi j that they co-ntinued (^ilingtili September the fourteenth,

where

Of GREENLJND. 62 j

where they landed en a Country, high, Rorky -ind J.irJnbablted, from
whence the Cold and Jce torced them to reiurn more St. uherlv j
which they did, till they came loArzina^ :<. River in LafUnd^ where
the next Spring they were lound all frozen to death in the
Ship.

I 5 5(5, Stephen Burrowsy who fesrching a p *flage by the Nor th- Eaffc
unto the bidies arrived in 112 Degr.^es and tsver.ty five Minnesof
Longitude, fcventy i\x of Latitude, and fo failed to eighty Degrees
rnd eleven Minutes, and thence. to Aot'<< Zembla.

I 580, Arthur Vet and Ooarks Jack^ian failed all over thofe Seas.
And that no Nation hot Engu(l> frequented thofe Northern Seas,
till 1578, that a Dmch Siiip came to CoU^ and a year or two after
another, to St- A'khoia!, and that by the encouragement of an £?7^--
lip Man that fet himfelf againft the Rajfia Company which was Incor-
porated in 1 553-

Afterwards the n^/z-c'^ crept in more.and more: and in 1594 they
employed Barents and others to find out a paflage, Barents feparating
from his Company failed to the North Eaft of NovaZembU^ where
he loll his Ship, andhimfelf died: In the Latitude of feventy four
Degrees and thirxeen Minutes, the variation of the Needle Vi'as thir-
teen Degrees which wajat C/^fr^-^or Bear Tfland.

In 1 608, Henry Hndfon was fent forth to difcover the North Pole,
who went to eighty two Degrees, as did alioThotnas. Aifarmadfih of
HhH \6iii who faw divers Iflands beyond that.

And in the year i5io, the Company ^tt out the Ship hmity, Jcnm
PW Commander, for Whale-fifhing, who fell upon the Land, for-
merly dilcovered, aud called it Greenland^ and gave names to many of
theeminent places, I'/z,. /^or«-/'(3««^, where they found an Unicorns
Horn, (zi they called it) Ice-fom^ Bell-point-^ BUck-point^ Lowns IJIand,
Cape Coldf Jce-foHndy Knotty-pointy Fowl-fonndj Deer-fonnd.

And in Crof Road^ (feventy nine Degrees and fifteen Minutes La-
titude the Variation was eighteen Degrees and fixteen Minutes North-
\A/eft) he feifedupon the Country to the uleof hisMafters, by fet-
ing up a Red Crofs, and faftning a Writing to it, there he made
thefirftOyl,

And in 161 1, the Company fentout two Ships and fix Barques to
filh for Whales, where the firft Whale they killed ycilded theta
twelve Tuns of Oyl.

in the year r<5i4, the En^lijh fet out thirteen great Ships and two
Pinnaces well armed, and the Dutch eighteen, whereof four were
Men of War. The Erj^Up took polTeflion of divers parts of the

Country s

624 Of Nerv Holland, Nerv Zealand, &c.

Country for the King, fetting up a Crofs and the Kings Arms in
Lead •• And the Dutch did the like afterwards in the fame places for
the Prince of Orange.

Id the year 1615, the King of Denmark, fent three Ships, Men of
War, to demand Cuftom for Filhing upon this Ifland, which was de-
nied, and tlie Ifland affirmed to belong to the King of England. .

Ill the year 161 5, the Company fent eight Sail of great Ships, and
thii year difcovered Edges Jjland.

In theyear 16 17, the EngUjh fent out fourteen Ships and two Pin-
races y^/j'^/ 24, they fet fail from Cr^z/^r/^w^, and May 2^, they arri-
ved at 6" ?-ee;?/W, and met with eleven Sail of Dutch^ fifhing in Horn-
found^ whom they forced away, and took from them alHhey caught,
and alfo the Efigltfi that were in their Ships, and made 1930 Tuns
of Oyl, and difcovered iVyches Jjland in feveoty nine Degrees.

There are fome Difcovcries of Land, which cannot be faid to be-
long to any of the four grand Divifions, being feparate by Seas of
vaft extent- 'z^/x,. New Guinea tow ^'cdiStht Equator, fo called, becaufe
thought to be oppofite to the African Gdny. Nerv Zealand the Anti-
podes almoft to £»^/^W,difcovered firft by Fernando deQuier^but both
of the Eafi- India Companies in Holland now pretend to it, tho' they
were but ill ufed, when they attempted to fettle themfelves there. A-
bout three hundred Leagues from itUes another Tradt of Land called
Anthony Van Diemens Land, difcovered by the Dutch. The Land of
Tarrats ( ifany fuch ) was part of Terra Aufralis incognita. In the
year 1504, on&G$nneHilie a Frenchman^ failed thither,and was well en-
tertained by a petty King, called ^rofca: Who alfo brought away
with him fome of the Natives, amongft the refl: the Kings Son Efome-
ric, of whofe Race there are fome yet in Normandy ffaith DuFal.)

New Holland is fo highly efleemed by the Dutch^ that they have
caufed the Map thereof to be cut in the Stones of their Magnificent
State houfe, though I could not afford one Map for it here. It is a
Trad of Land containing about 1600 Leagues.

Not far from GreenlandWtth Cherry Ifland ^ thirty Degrees to the
North Eaftwards, whereof (faith our Sea Waggoner) is the Ifland of
Nova Zembla, and twenty Leagues to a Degree is the Scale made in tiae
Chartjfo that thirty multiplied by twenty makes fix hundred Leagues,
which is three hundred more than the true diflance. This alfo is cer-
tain, that in all the Land Maps,that I have feen, it is laid down above
one hundred and twenty, and 150 Leagues Eafl;wards farther than it
oui^ht to be. And I have the rather infl:anced in this particular, for
that Ihavereafontothink, that this was the chief caufeot themif-

fortune

0/Nova ZcmbJa, Terra Jeflb, &c, 625

fortune of that venturous and worthy defign of Captain Wood in his
Attempt for a N. E. pafTage to China.

I cannot alfo but mention the Opinion of fome, who tell us, that
-Nova Zembla is the Ifle Carambice of the Antients, from whence Men
may go upon the Ice as far as Greenland and further,ro that its thought
that the People that firft inhabited America went over this way.

The Land of JefoWts between Afiad^n^ America^ where .:hey are
feparated by great and wide Arms of the Seaj tho' others think, they
excur and meet almoft together, and by this way was America firft
peopled, but Htrnm hornm tnavis^ accipe. The Inhabitants of JcJJo ex-
change their Filh, their Tongues, their Whales Oyl, in the Cities of
Japan^ which are next tothem. The Planks of their Barks are not
nailed but fowed together with Ropes made of the Rinds of Cocoes.
The Relations of the Dutch [n thQ year KS43 tell us, that part of the
Country acknowledges the King of Japan^ and that the Governor who
refides at Matz,imay^ carries him every year Silver, Feathers of fundry
Colours, and fine Furs.

Thus briefly have I defcribed all the mofl known parts of the Earth,
but mufl: leave that of the unknown to the difcovery of future Ages -^
only give me leave to fay a word or two to our EngUJl: Planters, &c.
And I have done :

To advance a happy Plantation, the U'ndertakers, Planters, and
Placeitfelf, muftcontribute their endeavours.

Let the Undertakers be Men of no /hallow Heads, nor narrow For-
tunes, fuch as will be contented with their prefent lofs to be Bene*
favors to Poflerity: Let the Planters be honelt. Skilful and Painful
People 9 for what hope is there, that they, who were Drones at
home, will be Bees abroad.

Let the Place be naturally ftrong, or at leaflwife capable of Forti-
fication ; for though at firft Planters are fafficiently fenced with their
own Poverty, yet when once they have got Wealth, they muft get
Strength to defend it.

Iflands are eafily (hut, whereas Continents have their Doors ever
open, not to be bolted without great charges.

Let not the Towns, where there is choice of Ground, be built - ia
places of a fervile nature, as being over-awed, or commanded by fome
Hills about them.

Let it have fome Staple Commodity to ballance Trafl^ick with other
Countries, few Countries can ftand alone, the Luxury of our Age
hath made fuperfluities neceflary.

Let the Planters endeavour to be loved and feared of the Natives,

L 1 I 1 ufing

626 TheCONCLVSION.

ufing Juflicc and Honefty> being as naked in their dealings with the
Natives, as they are naked iiv their Attire, irabracing all occaifons to
convert them, each Convert is a Conqueft^ and it is more honour to
overcome Paganifoi in one, than todeftroy a thoufand Pagans ^ for an
extirpation of the Natives is rather a fupplanting, than ptlanting a-
New Colony.

I am confident, faid Dr. FfiBer long fince,that America, is now grown
Marriageble, and hopes to get Chrift for a Husband by the preaching,
of theGofpel.

I fliall only add, that no Nation hath fpread her Sails for Traffick,
further than ths En^Ufls : and that our Foreign Plantations upoH the
u^fiafjy African and American Continents, are fo many, and fo con-
veniently feaced,that no Chriftian Nation hathopportunity of pierc-
ing deeper into thofe vaft Heathenifh Iflands, than the EngUjh.

~ And yet can we fay, we have improved the advantages God hath:
Iput into our Hands, to his Glory, and the propagation of his Gof-
|;@1 ? hai'e we madefo much as one folemn Million of Pious and Learn-
ed Men to preach the glad Tydings of Salvation in Jefus Chrift, fo
much as to thofe ignorant Heathens and Idolaters, that confine upon
the Englif^Vzlt ', yea, or the poor Negros, that are detained in cruel
iiavery in our own Plantations ? I cannot fay, what Glory and Ad-
vantage this would be to the £«^/i/fc Nation : Pardon me therefore
Great 5irs, the Propofal of this to your pious confiderations, whom
It doth moft concern : For yourfaithful management of the oppor-
tnnities intrufted to you for the Service of God, and the inlargecient
©f his Kingdom at home and abroad, you may be allured, will not
only make an Accefiion .of Renown and Honour to your fclves and
generous Families, but bring inalfo eternal Profperity and HappineiS'
from God the Father, and from the Lord Jefus Chrift. As, I pray-
Goditmay, AmetJo

W IN I &

Geographical Table

Of the Names of

All the Kingdoms, Provinces, Countries, Iflands,
Cities, Towns, Seas, Rivers, Bayes, Capes,
Ports, <jrc.

AA AB

AA¥l. 1.11,119-

Aitgiii 512.

Aar Fl. 122, 232.

Aaron 389.

Aof 69.

Abxa 283.

Abagarm 354.

Aba-Henan 411.

Abaim 513.

Abala 214.

Abanha Fl. 453.

Abantis iZi.

d' Abanvivar 201.

Abanvivarienfis 201.

Abarhu^ 283.

Abafcia Fl. ^66.

Abajfm $12.
Abajfines 381, 510,511, 512.

Aban>i 513.

Abax 511.

Abbadal Curia 528.
Abbas-flja 40 1 ,40(^,404,40 5.

Abbatii Cella 230.

>13(/rti7.« 481.

Abddra 213, 272.

Abdelmelecb 472.

Abdera 213, 272.

Abderrahman 224.

>ii^«rf F/. 244.

Abercon 3^.

AB AC

Aberdeen 7
Aberdonia j
Aberfraw

Abergwaine

Aberneth

Abertaw

Abertyri

Aber-yftvoitb

AbeJJine mon.

34-

35.

40.

35-
ibid,
ibid.
512.

Abejftnes 510,511,512.

^iex 5 1 o.

Abexlm 511.

\Abidos 348, 272.

^6i/<i won. ^07.

Abimmmum 244.

Abnoba^Abnobi mon. 123,124.

j4i/o 70.

Abraham 354.

Abreha 517.

Abricantum Clvit. 195.

Abulthafcn 48 1 .

^«//r 491.

Abutich 501, 502.

^^«ti^ 501.

^6>;)v« /n/. 458.

Abydui 501, 502.

Academia fuUa 152.

Acamat Prom. :^j-j.

Acapulco 579.

L 1 II 2

Accadie
Accara
Accata
Acebar
Acejjines Fl.
Acejles
Ach

Achaia defer.
Acbaia propria
Achaii

Achamantis Inf.
Achan.
Achei

Acbelom Fl.
Achem

Acben, its King,
Weights, 335,

Acberon Fl.

Achilles

Acblar Fl.

Achmet Vifier

Acbmetha

Achmin

Achrydiff

Acincum

Acinar

Ac%rman

2'6.

583.
dl4.

507,
296.
528.
417.
258.
127.

277» 19.
282.
271.

975.

457.

271.

280,291.

45 S»
Coin and

399

275

491

395»

455.
277.
288.
353.
105.
403^

»494.
274.
107.
429.

Acom/i

AC AD ^

Acorn a
Acomack^

Acm'x

Acor

d' Acquis

ipl

$85.

592.
50.
482.
199.
241.
540.

Acqu'l

Acra

Acridiii

Acrkm Prom. 285

Acroatbon iMvi. 274

Acrocerauniaii Afon. 277

Acrocorinthus Fott 285.'

AcrotUM Fl. 513.

AcYonl'^^ Lacm ■ 158.

Acrotbon Mon. 274.

/.ifothion- Mnn. ibid.

A^U Kegia 2.10.

Allaboix Fl. 409.

y4<r/wOT and its Battle, 2 7 5,
291,492.

Ad^tdct and its Battle 352.

Adam <>il'

Adam ah ibid.

Ad.tms Apples 290.

Adde Fl. 244.

Adta ' 528.

>l^f^e/e F/.. ■ 3$?.

^j/e/ <io, 511, 528.

Adelenfcs 512.

Adendefc.''^Sg, ^^o, 391.
294, 295, 581.
471.

^ AF AG

Mgathes and their Bat. 258.
/¥iean Ijl. 287.

Mg^an 5.2^9,279,283,287.

282.

291.

288.

AG All AI AK AL

Mgialea^ Mgidm
A^gilla Inf.
/Tgina
Mgijymbci

■/ligypt -

/Egyptws.

Mgyru Inf.

/Elbourgb

/E'mnthht

.■Emilm P.

/Emmu 247

/¥.n.trla Inf.

Mneas

Mnipoiit

Mnos

Molls. Inf.

Molii ■

Moles

Mquilea

Mria

ALropolii

/Efcbines

Mfchylm

Mfculapim's Temple

524,

487.

4^7j 435)5 502.

490.

374-
58.
273.
'. 301.

275.
259.
254.
145.
272

273^

25°:

Agarens

St. AgatJjas Church

AgatS'

Agen

Agen Gold

Agennenfiiim

Ager Solvenfis

AgcfiUm

Agbrim

Agincourt-Baitk

A^nium

Agiomana

Agios Laura
Agmet
Agmet Fl.
Agra defc.

122.\ Agrut
259. \AgYigenUim
■3,i\6. Aguar
2ji.\Aba
101. 1 Abafuerw

4i7»
2955

■M9

290

Adendum

Adefis F4.

Adeff.t

Adia-Z7^er

Adige Fl.

Adolpb of Schamnberg

490.
277.
271.
257.
284.

Adonii
Adonii Fl.
Adovares
Adrian Erap.
St. Adrian Afon.
Adrinnnpo/is
Adrians Pillar
Adriaticl^Sea
Adrii

37^

145.
275,
258,
234.

<7
377

460.

359-

206.

272.

. 277.

,45, 269.

$02

Adrumetum^AdramiHos 48 6.
Adratacum 184.

AdratHca Tongrorum 188.
Adule^ Adiilis 511.

Mar^ 288.

MdsfiHi 520.

Mfops Lcga. to his Son 300.
Mtalia Inf defc. 374.

Mrhale Inf defc. ibid.

Mthalia Inf defc. 258.
Mthiope Inf. defc. 374.

Mtbiopia 467.

Mthrsa Inf defc. 375-, 3715.
Mt-hufi- 487.

/Er/w ilo. Gt'«. 101.

/^ifwrf .'TM. 258.

^fo/w 275, 277, 280.

Mtolians 280.

y^/fr 4(52.

Ajfder-Alben 123.

Afflingen 183.

y4y>7Crt i/e/i-. from 4^ i to 467.

485.

529.

469.

510.

ibid.

$06.

463.

377'

Aran

Aichjladt

Aiman defc.

Ainan Inf.

Ainft

Aiomana

Ah-

Aire-

Aifaux

Alton

Ajiib

Aix

Aix la ChapeJIe-

Al^ahiike. defc.

Akity

AkaxJike

Aken

Akyfar

Ala Fabiana^Ala Flavu i^i*

Africa propria

African Ijlands

Africans

Ag-azj

Ag-aT^ian

Agades

Agaos

Agapenof

387.
X66.
418^.^
199.

339-

199.
144.
271..
50.
194.
199.
274.
ibid,
ibid.
475-
47^-*
2.94,

>344-
2.58.
III.
258..
274.

54'
4o2»
528r

133-.

389.
438, 442.-
214."

274'
40."

179? ■

180,

280,

213.

201.

127.

358,

447-

344-

127.

349-'

Ala Narifca

Alaba

Aladuli

Alalcomene

Alandiit

Alanes

Alani

Alarbes

Alafijaber

AWa.

24 r

133.
510.

347.
279-
69.
368.
216.
2-] 6.

349-
250.

AlbA.

Alba Curia $28-.

Alba Ghdia 98.

Alva Julia 98, iii.

Alba Loii^a^ 250.

Alba Kegalis io5, . 1 1 1 .

Alba Sebujlana 131.

Alba Pompcia 241.

Albagra InJ, 537.

Albuna ' 371.

Albanefes 288, 279.

Albania i3, 3^5., 270, 273.

Albamp'di 274.

Albanm Mm. 123.

Albany Nov 612.

AlbateL- 483.

Albertnavle 195.

Albennarle Fl. 590.
Albevmavle Settlement ibid.

Albenga 242.
Albenfis cC El^J^es-Fexeruar

• lOI.

Alberton 488.

Albigaunnm 242.

Albigenfes 238.

Albingaumm 242.

Albiniana Cajira id 5.

Albintimelium , Albintimili-

um 2.42.

-4ii/o/i 2 1 .

^/iif f/. 12?.

^/i!>m iWJ«. ibid.

Albourg $8.

Albuberque apo, 424.

Albumazer 387.

Albutig 501.

Alcadde,AlcaddeGheber 478.
Alcala de Henares 21$.
.4/ai/ii!> 478.

AlcaraT^ 200, 207.

Alca:^ar 471,477, 210
Akhria 275

Alcinom's Gard,, 292

Alcmaer 1 155

Alcoran ^19^ 387, 478
>!l/a'erf e/ Rb C/h_//o 2 ro
Aldeahs 476

Aldees 55$.

AkHum 40,

Aknfon 19 $•

Alent-New 451

Aknteio defc, 223, 224,
^feiw.- 258,

• AL

'Aleppo defc. 351, 352, 581,
326, 327, 344.
-^/tf/M 2^4, 274.

Alejjundvia ' 243.

Alejjendretta 377.

.4/e^ei- • 285.

^/tt/.).t 195.

Alexander the Grc^t, 275,

27^,270, 271,277,349.

35^, 352, 353, 55'3% 38c,

395, 4015 40^5 4"^3 41^,
4175 4M» 393,400,418,
4.20, 488, 492, 499.

^/ex,'W<fi- (5th.Po. 545,554.

Alexander Sir Willi an; 6\$.

Alexandretta Fort. defc. 3,52.

353-

Alexan d) ia defc. 371, 327,

35^,243, 390,410,491,

4i>3, 494^49^, 497, 499-
Alexandria^ Aracb oft a 419.

>5l/<?.tW 198.

^/i^xif Michaelorpit:(i 74.
Alfaqui 478.

Aljrangua 190.

Algarre defc. 223,224.
AlgaT^ales 387.

Alger bia 224.

AlgeTJra 2 j i .

Algidomontana 182.

^/^im- 382,4^9,482.

Algierine Kingdom defc. 480,
481, 482, 483, 484.
Alguechet 501.

Alhama 21 2.

Ali-B.tf}a. 357.

Alicant defc. 305, 212.

Alibinali 391.

Aligator .$68.

Aiuncrdenl^n 406.

^//V 198.

All^bulan 451.

Ailemara . 290.

AUerFi. 123.

^/<i F/. and its Battle 191,
250.
Allobroges 235, 237.

Ahnacbardna 390.

Almagres. 550, 551.

Almaines 229,114,135.
Almanms 11$.

AL. AM

Almanfor

471

Al/na:^

112.

Abnera

212.

Almeria

203.

Almeyda

528.

Aline) da F.

429.

Altnijfa

203.

Almxadens

476.

Almcixavi fates

222.

S. Abifil

293'

Alntefii'i Irf.

2B^.

Abnf-i Zanches.

543.-

Alop]s

348.

Alp3s CoHiJi.

237.

Alphen

155,.

Alphem Fl.

280.

Alphonf^ f Albuqiierq'j 405.

Alphonj'ni

223.

Alps Mnn.

121, 122.

Alps of T/M?/

14Q.

>i//)«xrf)riW

211.

Alfatia 11 S

,13^134-

>J//e/! /«/.

59,61.

/^i- Altares.

530.

Altdorf

133.

Altemburgh 106

112, 147.

Altena

154, 166.

Alth. FL

99.

Altimul Fl.

138.

Altmarl^

148.

Altrof

232.

Alva's Hawl^

216.

Alvarado Fl.

58IV

Aluta Fl.

9SL'

Aly

307.

Alp-Lough

50.

Amacaftis

417.

Amadabat defc.

294> 29 s,

417,295,33:

^ 3335334-

Amadas Ph.

$92..

A/nadaraJlii

417.

Amadmagda.

514.

Amagara

352.-

Afnalfi

254-

Aman

352-

Amantia

112.

Amanziridin

391..

Amara

512.

Amara Mns

4^5, 45^..

Amarodocl^

477-

Amarufa

491..

Atnafeay Amafio.

Cit. 134,..

340, i3o'>-

AitutfiXi

"AM

Amafia

347-

Amafis 7,16^ 377,

490

491.

AmaJM Fl.

123.

Amatbia

37^:

378.

Amathiis Fl.

286.

Amatbufia Inf.

376.

Amatitlan

583.

Amitzj.th

388.

Amazon Fl.

294.

Ama:^mia Fl. ^60

,55^

,557-

Amazonian Womei

557.

Amnzons 350, :

?7i,

545,

55^,

557,

$60.

Amba Bifid Mnajh

499.

Amba Goflien

512.

Atnbacel

511,

512.

Ambalachi

228.

Ambctra.

511.

Ambeloes

451.

Amber

86.

Atnberg

140.

Amberga CavthbU

ibid.

Amber-griece

427.

Ambianenjis Civ'it

194.

Ambracia

276.

Ambrones

ii<.

Amboy Point

603.

Amboyna Inf. defc.

29^5 459,.

450.

America defc. 542

, 543,544,

545-

. ■ (Northern

^293,294

Americw vefpufiPt^

543-

Amersfort

168.

Amba

512.

Amhara Mon.

512

,518.

Amiclas

284.

Annda.

354

355-

Amidas Temple

446.

Amiens

194.

Armlcar

485.

Amna

342.

Amirtem

492.

Atrm^ Amifm Fl.

123.

Amm.ia.

354

355.

Ammonii

451.

Ammonites

360

361.

Amnafan

349-

Aftm-ites

3(5o.

A-yto^on

405.

Afh^are

294.

AyipeliU

r.90.

AM AN

' Amphi^yoncs
Ampbilockia
Amphions Harp
Ampbipolii
Amphijfx
Ampracia
Ampfage
Ampurdan
Amftel Canal.
Amjlebdamum
Amjlerdam defc. 8^,

Amflndam Fort

Amjlerdam Inf.

Amsbury

AmurathU. 102, 2^7,

Amurath IV. 357,

Amufia Fl.

Ana defc.

Anailoria

Anafe

Anaia

Anamboul

Anaphe Inf.

Anaphia

Anarghia

Anas Fl. 203, 207,

Anafis

Anatolia defc.

Anchefimuf Mon.

Anchiale

Anchifai Mon.

Ancma

Anconitana Marchla

Ancore

Ancyra

Andalufia 203, 209,

5^3,
Andarifiw

AndegUvum

Anderium

Anderlecht

Andernopotif

S. Andero

Andes Mon. 557,

Andomatunum

Andover

Andoverpum

Andragim

Andretium

St. Andrew :i88,

St. Andrevps

St. Andrews Inf.

281.
275.
278.
274.
280.
27(5.
283.
218.
1^3.
ibid.
153,
305.
295.
295.
608.
281.
403.
123.
389.
277.
471.
401.

538.
289.
284.
3<^7.

210.
501.
345.

277-
250.
455.
249.
ibid.

347-
ibid.
210.

5^2.

275.
197.

252.
182.
272.
208.
563.
195.
608.
184.
425.
2^2.
357.

39-
104.]

St. Andrews Fart

Andros Inf.

Afuiujar

Airfa

Atififa

Angara

Angchony

Angediva

Angelen

S. Angeh Cajl.

Angelo Mon.

Angelopico

Los Angehs

Angera

Angermania

Angern

Angeftri

Angbad

Angiers

Angles

Anglefey

Angoada

Angola

Angoljiadium

Angonri

Angora

Angot

Angoulefmc

Angoumoii

Angoxa

Angra

Angrona

AnguiUa Inf.

Angyra

Anhalt

Anian

Ani\agee

Anjou

Anjou Duke

Anifiii Fl.

Anjujur el vieio

Ann Arundel Fl.

Annabon Inf.

Annan

Annecium, Annecy

Annobon Itrf,

Anftcians

Anfilocha

Antachia

Antdiw

Antali

Antandros Inf.

Antego Inf. defc.

191,

170,
289.
21$.
47 1.
280.
347-

29 s,

58.

249, 541.

254.

278,

579, 580.

473-

6p, 71.

109.

288.

482.

197.

33-
58?,

294, 523,
139.

347-
512.
511.

198.
1^4.
294,

53®-
238.

295, 274.
347'

147, 153-
58(5.

3^4-

194, 19^.

81.

143.

210.

594, 595-
294.

3J>-
238.

525.

28^

35'.

472.
350.
289.
574-

349,

295:

AnteqKera

AN AP
Antequera 581, 212.

'Avbifov 278.

AnthwfsBay 533.

St. Anthonys Inf. 535-

St. Anthonys Momfl.^^ ^5 5 o i
Antiqra, Anticyrrha 281

275.
273> 275, 547.

359-
293,554.

499.

351.

371.

410.

35^, 400.

275,288,

280.

Apol/o's Flarp

A<^ AR

Antigoca
Antigonia
Antigonm
Antilles Inf. defc.
Antinoe
Antioch
Antiochene
Antiochia
Antiochiit Magna
Anthchm 301
Anttpater

Antirrhium Promont
Antijfa Inf defc.
Aiitijjiodwum
Antongil Bay
Antonixna
Antonio Berio

hpollos Temple 289,
Ayi/oninf 349,

Ap^bnia

Api Ionia Gulph

St. Apolmia Inf

'ATTO^tJCS

AppennincMon. 234, 2 4 4, 249
Appennages Law 192

229, 230, 232
494

^•^o.] Ar<iucho

351-

377'
273-
2(55.

53?-

501.

374-
198.
538.
349-1

Appended
Appiana^
Appii^
Aprqfita Inf.
Apulum
Apitmatuc Fl,
Aqua

Aqua Augufla
Aqua Sextiji
Aqu£ Calenia
Aqux CaUd£
Aqu£ Statellz
Aqu£ Statyella
Aqu£ voconidt

191,

Antoniw 275,275,300,301, fAquatulco

378, 379> 401,492, 498
Antorfi 184.

Antravida 282.

Antri-n Count.and Town 48.
Antiverp defc. 158, 182,183,
184, 305.
Anvt'.e;; Anvos^ Anvcrfa,
_ 184, 305.

Ajmrodgbano

451

Anxur

250

Aofta^ Amfie

240

Apalchen

592.

Apameay Apamia defc.

352.

ApeUes

375-

Apencenfmm Civjt.

200.

Apenuvaca, Aperrval

ie FL

295

y 5^0.

Aphar

4^2.

Apher

ibid.

Aphiom Carajjnr

349-

Aphrodifium

485.

Aphrodijium Promont.

218.

Aphnditium

ibid.

Aphrodimi Colon.-.

484.

Apia

282.

Apif

ibid.

ApWs Temple

498.

Apollo

491.

Ai'oi/oV Altar.-,

377-

275,
•531,

98.

592.

227.

199.

201.
209.
ibid.
241.

ibid.
218.

581.

199.
453.

227.

107.:

127.1

193.

i8i.

Aranques

Araujia

^raxes Fl. 3^3, 3^5

ArbaUa defc,

ArhcLi and its Battle

Arbotl^i

Arbor Trijlii

ArCi-dhi

Arcadians

^Archangel

Arcbelam

Arches 287,

Archimedes

Archipelago 18, 284,

55?;
ibid.

201...

.394-
17?.
404.

35<^.
90.

433.
282.
285.
73.
359-

283.

257.
289,

287,290,344,345,374,
375.

\ Aquenfium Civit.
\Aquila Fl.

\Aquileia 145,

I Aquincum
I Aquifgrana
Aquitaine Ocean'
Ara-Luna

Arabia defc. 325, 342, 343,
344,34^,383,38^,388.
Arabia the Stony defc. 388.
Arabia the Defcrt 389.

Arabia the Happy defc. 389,
390.
Arabian Gul ph 452.

Arabians 342, 381, 385,

387, 388, 504, 5^5-
Arabo Fl. 105, 11 1.

Arac 394, 3.95.

A>-rfc^ 295,295, 334,3-39,
432.
Aracojia 394.

Aradati 142.

Araif 472.

Ar antes' 528.

Arania 97.

Ararat Mon. '^6\, ^16. Argier

Arajs Fl. ^3, 355, 394. Argiro
Arat 528. Argivi ■

Aratof 2:ju Argltn.

A<rhoiites.

Archytas

Arcijfa Lake

Arcobadar

Arda

I Ardalio Fl.
I Ardca

Ardenne 125

Ardevil defc.

Ardfeart

Ardmagh
ArdmeanHcb

Ardra

Arelate

Aremnoe

Arenacum

Arensberg

Areopagui

Arefchot

Arefgol

AretMfa

AretH'S

Arga FL

Argal Sir Sara.

Argaricl^ Gulph

Argentara Mon. ^

Argentera Inf,

Argenteria

Argentoratum .

Argentuaria

Argia

191.

271,

277.

255.
355.

95.
507.
485.
250.
i&o, 181.
404.

$2.

48.

40.
299,
2or.
352.
i6p.
135.
277.
183.
481.
286.

33^
214.

615.

429.

253.

289.
251,

121.

1 3 1;

282, 284.
482,483.

276,
282, 290.
4&.

Arffi>

Ario 276, 282, 285.'

Argob 3^1-

Argonauts 287, 3155.

Argos _ 282,285.

Argos Amphilnchium 28 $.
Ar^os Pelafgkum 275, 276,
285.
Arg IS Peleponnefiaaim 285.
ArgojM Port 291.

Argow Portw 227.

Arguico 5 " ^ •

Arguin2g$. Cajl. 505.
Argyrajpidcs 420-

Arid 394, 408, 179, 271.
Aria Inful. 59»''^i-

Ariadne 290.

Arialbinum 230, 231.

Ariammene 3^$-

Arica 558-

Awe« 179-

Ariminum 249.

Arzon 574-

Ariflarcfm 286, 494.

Ariftides 271.

Artfionui 2 54.

ArijMe 271, 274.

Ariw 487-

A>%^o $10.

Affc 191,201.

Ar/et 195-

Ar/«n 181.

Armada Sp. §59-

Armager Inf. 60.

Armagh 48.

Armatica 370.

Armenia defc. 342,362,353,
364, 383, 397.
Armenia major 362, 378.
Armenia minor 346, 3<52.
Armenians 396.

Armenian Chrifti. 355, 400.
Armenian Church 364.

Armenian Women ibid.
Arment 502.

Armew 49°-

Arminiin 1 1 $<

Arwro 285, 276.

Armorica .. 19^'

Aimiut Ft, 48^'

Arfiheim ' - ^lo.
Arnhcm 122, 169,

Arno.Fl, . '■;:.. 234, 2^1.
^j-Qf FatrerJ-s' -. 2S 2.

Ail AS

Arofta

Arofven Inf.

Arragon

Arras

Arroe Inf.

Arrol

Arfaca

Arfaces

A^faniiis Lake

Arfatia

Arfchot

Arjicua

Arftiioa

69.
$60.
213.
178.
<9, 61.
40.
S95-
599-
355.
403.
187.
i$6.
348.

Aiy/noe 378, 390, $01.

Arfime Cit. 377.

Arfifaca 403.

V Arta 276.

Art annum 132.

Artaxata 271, 354.

A>t»ta:erxej- 293, 40 1 , 40 3,

406.

Ait*?a:fc.rw Longimamti 492.

Arf^xerxey (9c/;«f ibid.

Artaxia 371.

Artaxiaftta ibid.

A^te/i 393.

Artemifut 349.

Artemijium 213.

Art emit a 365.

Artemitida ibid.

A)-temitta ibid.

Ar/-e/7^ 178.

Art heft a ibid.

K. Aft/j«rj Table 34.

Arthufen 58.

Artifiga 481.

Artigif 212.

A)tozx Fror. rfe/c. 1 78, 1 58,

Artrebatum 178.

Arvenfis d' Arva i o i .

Arundel Sir Thorn. 1 1 1 .

Arvonia 34-

Ar«//o 201.

A»x Batavorum 170.

Ar:^erum 356, 395.

A>x/Z/;r 472, 477.

Aj^/hu F/. 703.

A/rtji 47 5-

Afama Fl. 4IS-

Afapb 382.

St. A /:?;>;; 34.

Asbahawn 3.99.

Afcalingrum :52.

Afcenfion Inf.

53^.

Afchajfenburg

128.

Afcibiirgium

127, 128.

Afclepiades

377-

Afcr^a

279.

Afcrivion

263.

Ajcrivium

ibid.

Afcolenfe Prxlium

249.

Afcoli

ibid.

Afculum

ibid.

Afcum

<i8.

Afdnibal 484,485,486.

A/e/n Kingdom defc. 422.

Aferrdin

492.

Afgar

471, 505.

Aflmraffdefc.

401.

Af})ley Fl.

$90-.

Ajhur Tribe

36o«

A//rf f/e/c.^ 341,

342, 343,

^ - '

344» 383-

AJirf wz«(3r

346, 383.

AfiaticJ^ Turkey

344, 346.

Aftatic\s

343'

A/Jw 342.

Afido 210.

Afifmual Fl. 476.

Afindum 210.

Afinerium Fromont. $06.

As\eaton 52.

Afmere 420.

A/nrf, A/«^« $02.

A/o/'Wf f /. 279.

Afpachan 399.

Afpadara ibid.

A^4//tf 403.

Afperia Inf. - yi6.

Afferofa 272.

Afpopiti 281.

AJpropity finw Ibid.

AJfa^oe $14.

Aj^i- 402.

A]// F/. 346.
Affumption Inf. 551, 614.
Ajg>rw 346,356, 383,394.

A/frf 210.

Afiabat ^6$.

Afiacilitk, Ajlalicis 482.

Aflamgorod po.

AJlenfis Comitatiti 239.

AJiercones 208.

j Afteria Inf. defc. 375.

Ajlerim Rock, 294.

i AjJigi 210.
Ajlolphm ■

AS AT AV

Ajlolpfm Fl. ^66.

AJh-acan 73, 75, 79, 368,
408, 409.

Ajlrapa 210.

AJhaton Fl. 453.

Ajirypalea Inf. 289.

Afiur'ict 208.

Ajiyages 402.

A./?)'^M 2 1 o.

A/</d;« $02.

Atahyria Inf. defc. 375.

Atel^Tau 420.

Aterieth $0.

Athamania 276.

Athanafiits 494, 520.

Athdora $2.

Athel 408.

Athemat Dmlet, his Office,

395.
'A^wVf/ 277.

Athenians 271.

Athenree $o-

Af/;e/r^ fl^e/c. 277, 278.

Af /;/«/" 277.

AtW')«e 5°'

Af/jc/ 40 •

At/joj- i^ft/r. 274.

At/wy Acro«. wo«. ibid.

Atii ' 342-

AtUnticl^ Ocean i3, 387,

452.
. , ("Greater ^ 465.

AtmulFl. 115,133-

Atrec/;t 178.

Atrib^ AtribH 49 1«

Af/oi 112.

Attabalippa 543^ 5 58-

Aff^//^ 35°-

Attains 347-

Attemur 213.

Am'crf 270, 277.
Am'Ar 97, 101, 107, 200.

Attocl^ 417-

Atto^ 419-

AttoUons 449-

AtHcicutum 184.

At^beha 5 1 7'

Aw 295, 432, 435.

Avalites 5 1 1 •

Avalnn i^M? "^I^'

AV AU AV AU

Avarians

139.

Avarmm

198.

Avajis

501.

Avata Fl.

99-

Auch

199-.

Audomaropolii

179.

Avece Ourele

511.

Avenio

201.

Avemiit

180.

Avergne

200.

AvernHi Lake

254.

Avaroes

387.

Avefnes

180.

Augsburgh

138,

135.

Augjl

232

) 240.

Augufia 137, I39» 213,223,
257,282.
Auiufta Prxtnria 240.

Augujla Rauriaca 232.

Augujla Rauriacon ibid.

Augufia Romanduorum 1 8 1 .
Augufia Taurinnum 239.
Augufia Tiber'ut 138.

Augufia Treverorum 129.
Augufia VagiennoYum 239,
240.
Augufia VcromanduoYumyX^J^.
Augufia Vindelicorum 138.
Augufia Vefimum 195.

Auiufi^Ducatm 239,240.
Augufianica 490.

Augufii BuYgum 138.

5'. Augufi'me 484, 485.

5". Auguftines Port 538.

Augufiomana 196.

Augufioritum 198.

Augufiow 87.

.4«^«/?w 275,275,339,492.
^wce/i 209, 411, 387.

Avignon 201.

ylwVrf 214.

Aviles 209.

^v/« 182.

^KW 222.

yl«//V<', >!«/« 279.

Auliton 511.

Aulocren Fons 350.

74«/o« 273.

Aumale 195.

Avogafia 3,^^.

Avofi 240.

j4«r,tHc^'e/ i9'>-

M ni nj m

AU AW AX AY AZ

Aureatum 133.

Aurclia 137.

Aurelian 352.

AurciiHs M pillar 499.

Aureng-abad 224, 2 2(J'.

Auricl(^ 135.

Auro'p^i Fl. 70.

Aurum Tohfvmm 201.

/4«/^z 218.

Ausburgb 130, 138.

Aufcimim Civit. 199-

Aiijidm Fl. 254.

Aufotiia 225.

Aufigarlw 7 c.

S. AujYms Co.tfi 53c'.

>!«/?/« Fr_yefj- 24^, 297.

\ S . Aufiins Inf. 293.

Aufirafia 54, I25, 158.

Aufiria 19, 106, 109,117,

190, 134, 141.

y4«/^?>7 43-

Autricum 197.

^«ver^'«c' 191, 194.

^«vtT^;2e Jfo;i. 193.

/^wxerre 198.

Aveidujfe Fl. 44.

Axiace 87.

Axima Fort 507.

Axime Fort 295.

Axiopolti 122,268.

Axmia 393.

Axuma 511, 5iiJ.

Axumitcs 510, 517, 518.

Ayafalucli 348.

Aydracal Mm. 465.

4>'t^fl 528.

^>r4c^ .394-

Ay tot or 350.
^t'^c 75,91,382.

yli^it^rfr 501.

A:(amer 475.

^^rfww 393, 395.

A^erbcyan 394.

>l^^rtr 471

^^iri* 354.

^^i) 42:

y4^orej //i.r. (/t'/c. 294, 5291
55^» 554'

^^iiv 9 '

.4:^«,J^:'J 48 ;

BAbara
Bab-clman-dab
iSubel 5503

Ba.bel-wandel

490.
510.
-414.
391

Babylon defc. 5 0, 3 59, 363, l Baja:{et

381,395,400,498.
Bitbylon Wails 343.

Ba.b)knut 345, 356.

Bacalaos ~ 616.

B.tcch.iracb 1 30.

Bacchm 410,414^10,420.
Bacchm's Theatre 277.

Racenii

B.icbian

B.i^ra

Ba^hia

BaHiiana

BamntlMi

Bad-Bay

Badafch'hvi

124.

296, 459.

41 c.

411.

394-
lod.
281.
4n

Badi;n 132, 134, 137, 1 4?-
230, 231,

207,

iBadgemth

Badoulct

Badra

Bxbi Mojii

Baera

B^U FL.

B£tulw Fl.

Bx^a

Baffin William

Baffijis Bay

Baga . .

Bagadad 355, ^$6^ ^6:^,' Ballegarinm

40.
451.
282.
123.

497-
209.
217.
210.
dr8,622.
6i2.
484.

[Bahama 575, 588.

Baharein Inf. 294, 405.

Bahia dc Todos los Santos,

554, 555.
Bahurs 66.

Baiade To d^s los Santos 294.
Bai£ 254.

258, 280, 282,

283, 347, 350.
51C.

195.
109, 209.

539.
ibid.

417.

89, 91.

417.

405.

34-
282.

45-
218.
295.
107.
213.
344,408,411.
402, 411.

Baiileur Port

Bdiocajjium Civlt.

B:t'}ona, Bajoime

Baixos cC India

Baixos d' Pracel

Bakar

Bakfjfy Scray

Bakifch

Bakuy

Bala

Balabutra.

Balacleigh

Balaguer

Balafor

Balaton Lake

Balbajho

Balch

Baldac

Baldji

Baldivia

Baldiii Hill

Baleares Inf.

Bali

Baljmore

Ball Cap.

Ballaguate Men.

BaUecl^

'Bagaddt-

Bagaia

Bagatnidii

Baganum

Bagdad

15^ 35^

381, 393'
ibid.
484.
511.

116.
3^3,

393

Bagdat defc. 327, 355, 35^,
353, 381, 393, 398.
Bagemder 511.

Bagcndra 518.

Baghdat, fee Bagdat.
Bagnagar 428.

Bagne de Tritoli 254.

Bagrada,.Bagradjs 486.

Bam

Ballimore

BaUifl}anmn

Balfa

Balfara

Baljera

Balfora

Balfrvaeit

4«3-
547.
247.
213.
510.
45.

459-
425.

49.
218.
5n.

52.

43.

224.

294, 389.

396, 402.

957, 381.
172

295,

Bamf

Bana

Banaras

Bancocl^
Bancorn Abbey
Banda Inf. defc.

Bander Congo

Bandera fort

Bando

Bandon Bridge

Bangor

Banjaluch

Banjalucum

Bannaroi

Bannarcw

Banne Fl.

Bannier

Bannyan Tree

Bannyans

Banonium

Bantam defc. 295, 295,336',

Bantry Bay

Bao

Bapalma, Bapaulme

Bapho defc.

Bar of t/y Arches

Bara ^Jluarium

Barabars

Baracbe

Baragrag

Baramatis

Barampor Port

Baranguar

Baraques

Barbada

Barbadoes Inf defc. 29 5, 57 1,

• , , 572, 573.

Barbadoes Merchants 5io»
Barbancon 180.

Barbara 582.

Barbaroffa 484.

Barbary defc. 458, 459, 527.

Baltic^Sca 54, 55, 57, 59,
6q, II 5, 66.
Baltimore Connt. 595.

Baltimore Lord 594.

Baltimore Fl. 51.

BalHcJ^Dcngnii 89.

Bamberg J22, 132.

40..

491.

451,419.

432.

34-

29^, 343,

459, 4^'o-

402, 405.

294.

417,420.

52.

34, 48-

252.

ibid.

419,451.

421.

44, 49.

134.

405.

420, 421.

34-

44,51-
435.

178.

377-
- 287.

39.
475..
418.
471.

420»

294.

lOJ.

459..

574-

Barberon
Barbie^ps Fl.
Barboli^a
Barbara
Barbouda
Barca

Barcelona defc.
Barcelor

2.01^

295.
283.

528.
295.

487,488.
207, 217.

295.
Barchan..

• BA

Barchan 106, 113.

Barchinoy BarcinOj Barcinon,
207, 217.
Bardaques 502.

Bardes 294.

Bardwicl^ 152.

Bardulia 214.

Barentola 411, 412.

Barents 62^.

I Bargeny 40.

BAYigaxa 418, 424.

Barlow Arthur $92.

5"^ Barnaby 377.

Barnacles 41.

Barnjiabk 608.

Bxroche 294, 295, 2^5, 418.
B aroma. 1 $5.

Brf)r<i^6 388.

Barraboa 528.

5^rr/;rf ^t^c. 388.

B^m 254.

Barroducan Prov. 126.

Barrorv Fl. 44, 47.

Barfienjis de Bars i o i .

Barjlinonv 88.

Bartamont Gate 180.

Barthfeild 113.

5t. Bartholomew 355.

5^ Bartholomews Inf. defc.
293, 549, 583.
BdK«f/z 353.

Barrvicl^ 41.

Barzodienfis de Barzod 101.
Bdi/^r 295.

iSd/?;^ 381,387.

Bd/7wn 3<5i.

Bafil, Bafilea 121,131,229,
230,231, 233.
Brf/7//rf 232.

Bafi lie fife Concilium ibid.
Bafilienfium Civit. ibid.
Bajilopotaino 283.

St. Brt/J/y Order 274.

BafiliHi John 71.

B.i//e 231.

Bj////?/: 41.

B.# 491-

Brfjdrf Serrail 9 1 .

B<ij^ re/re $73-

B^f-^ 357,381-

Bajiern£ 73.

Bajiernians 97.

BA BE .

B/«/?w 2 $8.

Bdy?w« 0/ Fmwce 4^9, 484.
i8i.

140.
450.
122.

140.
168.

$47.
134.

573-
482.
101.
106.

81.

84.
408.
427.
296'.
170.

394-
408.

139.
141.

139.
175.
487.
293.
616.
293.

547.
139.

195.

199.

135-

548.

252.
^21, 523.
194, 229.

Bafionac
{ Batava

Batavia. 295,455

Batavian Inf.

Batavians

Batavodunum

Batcbelor Ship

Bath

Bath Bay

Batha

Batbienfis de Bath

Bathmonfter

Bathor P.

Bathors K.

Bathy

Baticale

Baticalo

Battenborg

Batter

Batu

Batuwe

Bavaria 19, 134

Bavarian Laws

Bavjera, Baviere

Bavos Church

Baxos de Barbaria

Bay Blancho

Bay of Bulls

Bay Plaifance

Bay de los Trabalos

Bayern

Bayeux

Ba:!^js

Bdilftein

Beach -He ad

Beanchi

Bear Ifland

Bearne
I Bears ford 6ip.

BeoHce 194, 197.

Beaufort 198.

BeaumarijJ) 33.

Becanu4 OoropftiT' 186.

Becaim Fort 294.

Bechria 497.

Becl^ Fl. 70, 71.

B:di( 473.

Beduins 387,

Beemjler 1 66.

Begargar 41

M m ra m 2

^igge 48^.

Beglerbegs 351,347-

Beglerbegs with Salary 381'
Beglerbeg-\ Afia 1 380'
fta's in i Europe J 381.
Behaimer waldt 1 24.

Behat Fl. 417.

Eehel-mendel $16.

Behemoth 515.

Beta 224, 480.

Beija 485.

'iBejoarians 115.

154,

420.

408.

50.0.

504.

224.

(5 18.
48.

295.
611, 5l2.

129.

157-

Eephemum

BeiJJ;er

Belanjar

Belbaif

Beted Elgered

Belem

Bclefted

BelfaQ

Belgiit

Belgia Nova

Belgica prima

Belgium

Belgrade defc. 1015,257,272.

Belinzona 230.

Be lis 473.

Bell-Ijle 20 1.

Bell-Point 62^.

Bellac 200.

Bellagardia 219.

Bellefort 175.

Bellerophon 350;

Bcllo-Pola Inf 289.

Bcllomorifcus 33.

Bellivefus 190.

Be//«w Sociale 249.

B:?//««0 247»

Be/on 347.

Be/^ 59.

Be/<^6 59.

Beltfrund 59.

Belturbet 49,

Belvedera 282.

Belvedere 248.
Be/«i- 355, 377,490.

Be/^ 87.

Bc« B5«uiH . 472.

B(?« Munch 123.

Be«(3'f)- y43i7/^ 405.

Bender majpn 4$6. .

Bened 484.
Benefuaif

BE BI

BI BL BO

Eenefuiiif

500.

Bofholms

62.

Binbola Patan.

295.

henejvef

497-

Befancon

124

,125.

Binini

575.

Eengala 204,295,417,421.

Ecfenege

505.

hiologroi

96.

Bcngala Guipli

421.

Bejons Fl.

217.

Biornbwgb

70.

Bengal

343-

Bejjarabia

9^,

382.

Bipilipatan

295.

het>g,mcall

5»8.

Befji Fl.

202.

Eiponts

130.

Bengebres

337.

Bejjiii

401

,411.

B//-, Birigeon

355-

Bcnbuavi

214.

Bejtereie

9S.

Eijantbe

272.

Bem-AbuCited

482.

Bejio-a Fl.

85.

Bifcain Sea

193.

Ecnjamin Tijbe

550.

Betaw

159.

Bifcainers

208.

henjarax, Benian

fid 48 2.

^-'{?^

451.

Bifcany

20, 582.

Bciiigiu:^dval

473-

452.

Bifcay

208, 577.

B^rhi

505, 507.

Bitbfarnes

502.

Bifcay Bay

20.

Benfcrta

485,485.

Betfmne

179.

Btfena

485.

Bcnthcim

1^6.

Betlii defc.

355.

B'iferta Veccbia

484.

'?i€n:(^arael

473-

Betfl)

455.

BifmiUatb

477.

Beraiiia

582.

Beverley

5o8.

Bijncgar

295, 429.

Berar

417,420.

Beverwicl^

1 55.

Bijibumb

132.

Barb

141.

Bey

3^5-

Birtricbia

98, no.

Bercli

127.

Beybapti

88.

Bijhicienfis de Biji

tic:(_ loi.

Berdna

505.

Beyra defc.

223.

Bifula fl.

82.

Bereaux

295.

B-xecatb

452.

Bifmgif fl.

123.

Beremborg

147.

Bczefteens

257.

Bitbynia

345.

Bcrefma Fl.

82.

Bezuma

473.

Bitl'ti defc.

404.

Berg 126

127, 135-

Bialogrod

258.

Bituricum

198.

Berga fancii Winnod 177.

Bianco Prom.

377-

Bizama

510.

Bergama

347-

Biberach

139.

Bi^amo

511.

Berg£ ad Zonam

185.

Biblus

353-

Bhck:Point

522.

Berg.imenfe

225.

Bkhieri

5 30.

Blacl^Sca 82, 89, 95, 345,

Bergamo

247.

BicHrghm

128.

, , 547,

5^^, 357.

Berghen

179,504.

Eider

424.

Blacl^Water

44, 52.

B^rghen op Zovn

185.

Biel

230,

233.

Bloil^iburg

125.

Bergujia

218.

Biela ofera

79-

Blaise Gen.

485.

Ber'uira.

589.

Bielejezero

78.

Blai^nburgh Fort

295.

Beribere

455.

Bicler Lake

230.

Blancbo Bay

293.

Beriberes ^6c

,482, 508.

Biellj

78.

Blancmont

125.

Berigonum

40.

Bienna, Bienne

230.

Blanii fl.

43, 52.

Berinice

488, 501.

Biefciady, Biejcid

123.

Blany Lord

48,

herite, Berh^ti

353-

Bietala

412.

Blave fl.

138.

Berletta

254.

Biets^o

87.

Blavet

197.

Berlin^ Berliiium

148.

Bigla Cafrro

278.

^^^king 55, ^

r, 52, 66.

Bcrmud-H Irf.

295.

Biboricnjis de Debi

'ec:^in

101.

Bleyburg

144.

Bsrn

leg, 229.

Bil^mar

420.

Bloff

197.

Berna

252,235.

Bilbii, Bilbilis

213.

Boamarage

538.

St. Bernard

198.

Bilboci defc.

208,

307.

Bocanum Hemerum

474-

St. Bernard Mon.

237-

BiUedulgerid defc.

4^7,

503,

Boccadii Jovanni

89.

Bernkbn

488, 501.

5^4> 505,

$o5^

507.

BocbantT^

no.

Bcrochab

359-

BiUericit

5o8.

Bocbar

411.

Beroe^ Berxa^ Beyou 352.]

Bilting

172.

Bocber

500.

Beirdtay Bevrbii

275-

Bima Inf.

295.

Bicl^jolm

68.

Berrulum

254.-

Binca jl.

J05.

Bxnn Inf,

295.

Bcvrjf

194.

Binch, Binchium

180.

Bodega

434-
Bodcn^ee

I04

277

Bod.enx_ee Lake

Bidevia.

Bodincomaguftt -

Bodincomagus

Bidotvia

B-)droch, Bidrogue

Biemia

Bjtit'm

Big /.

Bigro^enfis dc Engrogh

Bibdm, B-)heme '

B)hemia defc. 19, 20

154
Bihemka filva
Bohol
Boians
Boiartii
Bilearians
Biieimm
Bdi
B-iinit:^
Bohdurwn
Boiohjimi
Boioria

Boii dc Vincemes
Bnjhduc
Bilbitian OJliarie
Bolbitiua.

B)ldl4C

Bildentium

Bologna defc.

Bolfemt Lams

Bol^aw

Bombay Inf.

Bimbay Port

B)mi

Bimmcl

Bona

Bona Vijfa

Bonhera

Bon'ifaci

Bviium

Bmne

St. Bmiface

'Bomnenfium Chit.

Bononia defc.

Bomnlcnfis Ager

Bmrotty

Bmfiofen

BmT^ey

Eynxi Temj>.

f B^M

Biratai

8orbetomagus '

Sorhflenfort

Birddong

Bireqiicn

Borgia
! Bvigi

Borgo del CaJicUo

135, J39-
233-

39.
241.
ibid.

39.
107.
154,
278.

82.
101. Biri'quen Inf.

182,

Boiijlhcnes Jl. 82,

Bortnio fl. 2

BormhomagKS
Borneo Inf.

Bornholm Inf.

Bnno

Boron

Borremean Inf

Borthht

Brruffu

Bofia

Bofna fl.

Bo/ha feral

Bofna feraiun

Bfnath
[ BJfnia defc.
iBnfphorus 87

' Bofra

Bolfen

Bojhn

Biftra

Bifwetha

S)tago

Bothnia 6

Botbnian Gulph 6

Bothwel

Botis FrederomtT^

B-itroH Fort

Bitfcai p9,

Boverton

Bwhera

BoviUion

Bwium

Boidac

Bourbon

Bwrbon Houfe

Bourbon Inf.

Bmrbonno'ts

Bourdeanx

BO BR

Bourg

LeBmgSt. Mnke

Biurges

Bturgogne

Bourtang

Butan

Bouton Khgd. defc, 421,422.

Bo)le 50.

Biyne fl. 40, 44, 4^, 47.

Bnymderl 87,

B'.xplo 245.

Brabant defc. 1 58, 182,187.

jgg.
25S.
198.

194-
172.

434-

Brab.vitines
I Byacan:{a

(Bracara
Bracbland
, Bradford
Br£ca
Brjicar'ia
Braga
Bragtdinc
Bnjgann^a
Bragitium
Brailano
Bratntree
Bral^r
Bramtf
Br amp we

182.
225.
ibid.
182.
5o8.

22g,

ibid.

222.
375.

22g,
III.

96.

608,

$23.
418, 420, 420.

Brandenburg!} dele. 19, 148,

149-

599.

545, 553,554.
98.

Brandy-lihe

Bran]^3orU
' Brafil 294,
• Braffta>

Br.tjfow

Brava

Brauron

Bravuni

BrawnfwycJ^^

Era:(ile

Brebers

Brebke

Brechin

Brecl:i>ioc^

Breda

Breda Treaty

Bredenburg

Breccl

Breevort

Bre^£tlum

Brehe:t

Bfcil

ibid.
528, 53^.
278.
214.
152.
222.
475.
$60.
40.

33» 34. 35.
185.

57 J-

185.
170.
iir.

157.

122.

Bnma

"Bretna
Bremen defc. 118

123,

Bremersford

Bremerverden

Bremgarten

Brenner Fyramo

BrennoburgHtn

Brennus

Brefda

Bre/law

BreJJid

435-
152,

155-

ibid,
ibid.
250,235.
125.
148.

ipo, 2$0.

247.

8^,125,157.

87.

Brejl 194,196,199, ^^4'

Bre^ County 239.

Bretagne 194, 196.

Brewers Pajftge 549.

Brexcar 482.

Briale Inf. 2%.

Briancon 200, 201.

Brichinia

Bridge Town defc.

Byjdgewater

St. Bridget

Brieg

Briela

St. Brieux

Brigantes

Brigantinm Litem

Brigantio

Biigantium

Brill

Brin

Bmlift,

Brinnum

Briocum

Brifac

Bnfcb

Brifiow

Bxifna fi.

Bxijl

Briffell^

Bxijhl

Biitaine

Biitains

Brjtmji

Brkifh Ifles

Br.i:i^a

Bxhcianum

Brjxe^Km

Brixen

BradiiYsberg

Rrodra.

1^4,

34-
572.
608.

48.

157-

161.

197.

43-
158.

200, 201.

209.
i54, 167.

1S6.
. 254.

155.

197.

156.

482.

151.

82.
199.
244.

51,47, 572.
1

97'

13I;

18, 21.

»455

,195.
19.
247.
226.
244.

J45.
123.

295.

BR EU

Broomtbroo Treaty

Broudra

Bi-oweyfiiaven

Bruges

Bruges Women

Bruno

Brunopolif

Brunsbuttle

Brunsvtga

Brunfwicl^ defc.

'57,

155,

Bruffels defc. 182,
Brujfels Channel
Brutw 275,

Bruxella 182,

Sua Inf.
Bubaftn
Bucarefia

Buccaniers 551, 559,
Bucephala
Bucephalus
Buchar
Buchaw
Bucken
Buchiarea
Buchorn
Buchovia
Buckar

Bucl^ngham County
Buda defc. io5, 107,
257,
Budeiomce
Buderciji
Budina
Budini
Budorgii
Sudor igum
BudorU
Budua
BudTJacl^
Buenos Aires defc.
Bujfo defc.
Buga

Bugia Prov.
Bit ma
Built
Bnlgar
Bulgaria defc. 1

Bulgarians
BhUa Aurca
BuUionum

2^3,

418

1^7
178
ibid
i$6
152

§7
152

IS2
'?^

ibid

349
183
265
491

91
570,

274
419

417
159

134

$02.
159

J34

420
600
108,
581

155

ibid

258

107,

157

ibid

129

265,

96.

552.

377-
501.
483.
511.

34-
410.

258,

285.
262.
118.
181.

EU BY

BuUoigne

BZ CA

137:

Nullum

Bulua

Bungo

Bumbora

Buquhan

Eurbon

EurdegaU

Burdegalenfium Civ'it.

Burdehng

Buren

Burgarv

Burgi

Burgo fan fepulchro

Burgos

Burgundians 115,

Burgundiories 191, 201

Burgundy 194

Burrows Stephen

Burfa

Burtina

Buruji

Bufcum Ducii

Bufirii

Bujfereth

But chin Ca/tle

Buthroti^

194.

. 34.

263, 255.

447-

Butrinto

Butua

Buxentum

Buzj(_ar

Byj^antium

B^o

482.

40,

538.

199.
ibid.

433-

170,

139.
214.

2$2.
214.
117.
115.

229.

ip8, 199.
523.

347.
213.

347.
1 85.

491.
38S.

25l.

277-

275.

253, 25$.

254.

405.
271.

475-

s 5

CAbattinum
Cabar
Cabela Paradigye
Cabillicw Trailm
Cabo de Cafafa

ICabodetres^l'''''''
\ Forces

Cabo Afartin

Cabot John 545, 587, 59 i.

C.tbotSebaJ}ian6i4,6i $,5i5.

Cabul 394,417,419.

Cabullumm 198.

Cabyla 274.

Citfbnjjr 42t.

Caciques

193.
528.

451.

237.

473*
473-
213.

Caciques

552

Caco de Tdeita

483

Cacoa

557-

Cacongo

523.

CacumboHt

533.

Cacm fl.

347.

Cadaqucs

2l8.

Cadicc

211.

Cadlc Region

614.

Cadie his Oiiice

584.

Cadi:^ defc. 2 1 1

,3-7,323-

Citdomii^

195.

Cadorcorum clvit.

199.

Caen

195-

Caergubi

34-

Caerlaverocl^

39-

CMrlijIe

37-

Caermarden

35-

Caernarvon

33. 34-

Coefar 1 115,
Juluti S 275,

486, 191.

300, 501.

Cjifar Borgia

214.

Csfarea Nerv

611.

Cdtfaria

349-

C£jarii Burgum

195.

defarodunum

■ 197-

Caff a . pc

5, 91,382.

Caffen

483.

Coffers

4^7-

Caff cria defc. 29^

,524,525.

Cafrcs

525,525.

Cagaion

457-

Cagliari

- 258.

Cagveay

559,

Cahors

199.

■ Cajania

69.

Cajenbwg

ibid.

■ Caiervif-

34-

Cajeta

254.

Caifung

440.

Caire Indian

418.

Cairo Grand 944,

381,454,

490,491.494.497,49^-1

Cairoan 485,

486, 488.

Cal^et defc.

3^9,371-

Cola defc.

371.

Calaa

483.

Calabajfa's

453-

Calabrea Inf

288.

CaJagorina

215.

Calaguris

ibid.

Calagimis.

ibid.

' Calahora
Calais.
Calatnata
Catamba Wood
Calamianes
Calamo Inf. d^fc.
CalaniM
Calaris
Ca/at Haoara
Calata]ut
Calatis
Calatrava
Ca/chilian
Caldca
Cale
) Calecut
Calenburg

Cales 2 1 r

Calgot^ lop

Calicaris 427

Calicut 344, 427

Calidonian Wood 40

Calidonii 37, 43

California 445, 585

CaligHla^s lY"^^^ ?^54
* ( Supper 5300

Caliphs of Babylon 3 55, 357

215.

194.
283.
421.

457-

375-
402.
258.
482.
213.
95, 253.
215.

394-

345, 394.

222.

344, 427.
152.

Calydna Inf defc.
Calydon Foreft
Carnalu
Camaricl^
Cambahe fl.
Cambalii
Cambainbe
Cambata

373'
28c.

352.
138.
59c.
43?.
523.
510, 511.

413

Cainbaya defc. 29 4, 29 5,332,
333, 334,339,418.

393=

Califia

Catixene

Callao

Callacis

Callatia

Callatis

Calliacra

Calligeris

Calligicum

CallimachHS

Cal/iopolis

Calmar

CalmucJ^ Tartars

Caloires

Calnfw Inf.

Calotra

Calvert C^cil

Calvert Sir George

Calvert County

Calverton

Calid

Calvin

Calvinijls

Calurmina

Calufca.

492,

»5.

500.

559-

p5, 258.

ibid.

427.

428.

289, 488.

272.

6%.

371.

,278.

201.

io5^

594.
515.

595-

ibid.

258.

238

117

428,

ibid.

274

Camba-^'ia
Cambillo
Cambod'a
Camboia
I Cawbray
Cambray League
Cambrejis
Cambridge
Cambya fl
Cambyfes
Camcnnpiii
Cajneracum
Camerones fJ.
Camefena
Camidm'i Fine
Camin
Cammane
Cammani Mm.
Camolets
Campa
Campania
Campania Komana
Campeach
Campen
Camper
Campi

Campi Catalamki
Campredon
Campw Martini
Camul
Cana

29$:

l52,

523.

450.

435-

433-
188.

158.

i88.

31, 608.

295.

43.8,492.

79-
188.
507.
225.
30c ..,
149.
418.

193'
475-
i7c>.
225.
250.
582.
122, 170..

455-
170.
200.
218.
248.
344,411.
501.

Canaan defc. 358^.3,59, 350,
351.

Canabal Inf. Sjo,

Canada 293,588,509,514,.

521,

\ Canada fl. 598, 5ii, 515..
I Cananor 295, 295, 427.
vCanara 427.

[ Canarja Inf. , Canaries 294, .

529,531,532,533,535-

I Canavenfs Traiha^ 239.;

CancbeiLt

Catirher

439-

"Sina

48^.

f Verde 293, 294,

295,

Candabitr

417.

Bretan

293.

^) 4^2,505,

535

Candace

520.

Catocbe

582.

^ ^Verde InJ. 529,
J Virgin

534-

Candahor 594,405.!

of Cats

377.

548.

CanderanVhins, battle

355.

Cautin

474-

( of Wlnrlmnds

525*

C audi a Inf. 1^,2^0,2^1

i45i-

Charles

592.

Caperrvaca Ji.

295.

Candia Cit.

291.

Cold

523.

Capes

487.

Candida caft

40.

Cnlonni

278.

Capes Gulph

487.

C anils' 417,

420.

Comfvt

619.

Capetine Race 192,

196.

Candnn Wood

449.

Corientes

294.

Capha

504.

Canduana

417.

Cormorin 425,427,428.

Capherm Prom.

287.

Candy

451.

Corf J 295

,290,507.

Caphfa

504.

Cane a 290

291.

Crem

203.

Capttanie of Rio Janeiro

555.

Canina 270,

276.

de Creux

2i3, 219.

Capitanie of St. Vincent

ibid.

Caiiifa and its Siege

105.

Deik Gatte

377.

Capitol

248.

Camfcba

112.

Dejire

549-

Cappadocia

34^-

Canifta

III.

Defolatimi

619.

Capraia Inf.

258.

Canijho

274.

Farewell

618,619.

Capranc£a

26u

Cann<s.

254.

Figul.t

276.

C air aria 227,241

53»-

Cannenfe Prslkm

ibid.

Florida

549-

Capria Inf.

259.

Cam

507.

Formofi

507.

Caps

487.

Cano Mm.

219.

GaUo

283.

Capua

2 54-

Cambhi

342.

Gibralter

203.

Capuchins

397.

CanobM

500.

of Good Hope

294,295,

Caput Album

$05.

Canon Idol

447.

4^2,467,

525, $43-

Cara Cherts

g68.

Canopian OJliarie

4^4-

^j Guardefuy

452, 53^-

Caracalla Emp.

354.

Campm

500.

Henry

592.

Caracioles

368.

Canovn ojiium

84-

Pr. Henry

i522.

Caradenguif

89.

Cantabrht

208.

K. James

ibid.

Caradene

355-

Canterbury

31-

Jafques

294.

Caragans Tartars

410.

CantbapK dcfc.

427.

St. Lucas

586.

Carahemit

355.

Canton 344

441.

St. de Maria

224.

Caraldorod

70.

rCatholick 't

St. Mario

538.

CarallU

258.

Cantons I Mixt >

250.

Matrapan

17-

Caramania

347.

(.Proteftantj

Monday

549-

Carambice Inf.

62s.

Cantnrum civit.

238.

Non

474, 504.

Caramit

354-

Canto^i

$06.

North

17-

Caramitsi 342,354,

355.

Canuf Mm.

219.

Ocem

475-

Caramon Shaflmn batt.

406.

CanutHi

62.

Palmcts

507.

Caranga Fort

294.

Capa

487.

Fenas

203.

Carafu

90.

Capalita

581.

de los Penas

209.

Carafu jJ.

350.

Cape

487.

St. Pifano

377-

Caratueli 589

.592.

''de Alquer

474-

di Pratras

281.

Caravaca

212.

St. Andrea

280.

three Punkas

507.

Caravanfera

267,

(^ Anne

622.

de Quires

2l8.

Garble Lough

50.

St. Anthony

582.

Romain

538.

Carbon jf.

285.

^j Antirio
^*^ Augufiine

280.

Schilli

282.

Carcafjia

366.

543-

Sirra Leone

$07.

Cardamum

425.

1 de Becnr

500.

Sumay

618.

Cardia

273.

Baardo

505.

Torncfc

282.

Cardigan 3^

1 35-

Blanco 505, 549

, $86.

TrafaUer

2IT.

Cardiopolif

273.

iBm

462.

Jt. Vincents

124,554-

Cardovan

2GI.

Carelia

Carelia Jo.

Carets YlAVtw 62.

Careljiat 261.

Caremu 954, 355'

Carfagnana 227.

Caneroniit ibid.
Carialnf. 375, 34^5 30-

Caribbelnf. 570.

C<inc;(^ 51.

Cancllfergui 48.

C.«7Ci(i_ .'^frfc Gfr/j^n § i .

Caridia 273.

C/^riej- /. 3615.

Cdri/io 253.

Carintbia 105, io(^, 123,

144, 141.

Carijlo, Cariftm 287.

Cn/Vw /. %66.

Carlingford 46.

Cartijlehiy 572.

Carlotte 378.

Carlovafy 375.

Carmctgmla 240.
Car ma xiia 394,395.

Carmaniola 240.

Carmarthen 33.

Carmelites 397.

Carmeriacum 237.

CarnateSyCarnaiica 429.

C<jrni 144.

Camola ioi5, 141, 144.

Carmntum 143.

Carnm ibid.

Car nut Hm 197.
Carolina defc. 295,589,5^90.

Carolina Waters 155.

Carolinian Race 19 1.

Carolla Cabella 451.

Carolt Regium 187.

Carolftade 6%.

Carotani 218.

Carpates no.

Carpates Mons 123.
Carpathian Mon. 88, 97,100,

104, iO(5.

Carpathos Inf. 375.

Carpenfis Principatw 227.

Carpentaria ^96.

Car pent ani 215.

Carrara 252.

Carrarid Principat, 227.

Carrar^a 240,

C^^rr/w 354.

Carricl^ DrumruJJ) 50,

Carry-fword Knights 7 1 .
Cii>.f, C<irye 354.

Cai-tera

Cart agar damna 428.

Cartagena 212.

Carteia 211.

Cartemu 474,482.

Carteret Sir George 604,51 1.
Crfrf^<? 211.

Carthage 485,488,584.
Carthagena 562, 563.

Carthaginians 203, 249.
Cartheia .211.

Carthuel 369.

Carthueli 370.

Carvaneat 123.

Carvanna. 488.

Carynia ^■j6.

Cafa Dio 233.

Crt/rt/ 241.

C^y^in 76", 78, 79, 410.
Cd/<ir Elcaber and its battle
471, 472.
Crffi/n 397, 403, 404.

Crf/cdr 411.

Cafchan 405.

C<<(/?;;« 278.

Cd/7>e/ 51.

Caftlirma 3 50.

dafimir K. 81.

CaJIona la voia^ CaJIono 210.
Cajperia Inf. 531.

Crfj^z<« PorfiC 371.

CaffianMin, 359.

Cafpian Sea j6, 343, 345,

3^9)37o» 37i,394>405-
Caffachy Horda 410.

Cajfander 275.

Cajfaria 408.

Crfjpf Emp. 447.

C^/e/ 51, 131, 134.

C"<i^7j- and its 3 batt. 177.
Cajfimere 417, 419.

Cajfiipxa 216.

Ciijfjope ibid.

Cafjiopia 292.

Ci?j//t 40.

^^^wi 275.

C^j^opj 292.

Cajfaria top.

- N n n H

Cajfibii 191,

Caftaon 210.

CajleUa cattornm &" flereon-
tium 154.

Cajhlla del Or 545, 552.
Cajlellana 250.

Cajlellani 216.

Cajlelli Territorium civ. 226.
Cajiellum and its battle 1 77.
CaJligUone 245.

Caftile llaveia ^old 214.
Cajliliajla nuevaSnerv 215.
Caflillonit Princeps 227.
C4/?/(? 274.

Cajlle-bar 50.

C^t/?/e A^ofo 2153.

Crt/?r<i Bonenfia 1 28.

Ci/?r<z Kegina. 140,

C«>i 281.

Cajhiferrenfis de Sarrvar

lor.
C<j/?ro Dutcliy 250.

C<{/?/-o Giovanni md its Mines

257.

Caflrum Britmum
Caftrum Gaballinnenfe
Cajirum Juvavenfe
Caftrum Afacifconenfe
Cajhlo, CaJJulon
Catabatha
Catalogne
Catalonia^ Catalaunia

284.

198.
140*
198.
210.

279.

2l5.

2l5, 217, 218.
Cat ana 258.

Crff^roand itsGulph 263.
Catatene 359.

Cater lough 45, 45.

Catharina Cornelia 578.
C^t/w;/ 79, 412,413,438.

Cathenes

St. Catherine

CatholicQs

Cato

Cattalones

Catti

Cattians

Catuchomer

CatwicJ^

Cat:^en Elbogen

Cava

40.

499.

3^7» 370.

485, 485.

2l5»

134

2l5»

134.

528.

12 2.

135.

483,

Cavalla

CA CE

Cdvalla

274.

Catian

48, 49.

Caucciftx Porta

371,409.

Cancafw Mm. 94

53350,3^35

565, 3d6',

368, 371.

Cauci

43-

Qaucoma

282.

Cavendijh 547,

<A9^ 581,

585.

Qayendifli Sir Jh

m, $55.

Cavila

475, 478.

Qavillonium

198,

Cavjte

457-

Cauna defc.

404, 405.

Caunaxa batt.

401.

Ca'Mrora fl.

$5o.

Qiium Inf.

289.

Cauwq

550.

Cavyla

274-

£axamalca.

558.

Caxem

391-

Cayene Inf.

293, 01.

Caynemut

■ 550.

Qiiyown

573-

Cayjier fl.

348-

Caxfiria.

408.

CE -CH

Centfones
Centuria Inf.
Cephabna Inf. -
Cepbifis LacU'i
CephijfM fl,
Ccpujienfis de crepajf.
Cerajiti Inf dcfc. -^jS

H7,

iB^AiChdm of Tarta}y 343, 41 j.
Chamberiamm, Chambemum^

219.
376.
283.
483.

374-
1 55.

217

Ca^byn defc. 397, 403, 404.
Ceba, Cafeum, Cebamm 240.
Cebel 5° 5'

Cebu 457-

Cecerlgo Inf. 291.

Cecil County 5.9$.

Cecrops 270,277^284,285.

Cedar fl.

600.

Cefalona

291

Cel LacHi

138

Cela

471

Celebes Inf.,

295, 459

Cele'm

143

Cell

152

CelU

203

Ccltiberr

216

Celtiberia.

203

Cdtki

ibid

Cdy

143

Cemela

240

Cemelencwii

ibid

Cemeleon

ibid

Centen

511

Ccmbum

397

Cennis Afon>..

237

Cenbmanmrm

aviti 397

Cerat

Ceraunia

Cerberia

Cercele

Cercetim Mm. ■

Ceroofioffi Mon.

Cerdsiia

Ceres

Ceres's Temple 278

Cerefei 275.

Ceretum 2.19.

Cerigotto fcogiio 290'.

Cerinesy Cerinmn 375.

CeK«e 5.33, 539,

Ceronia . 376.

Cerfapolk 284.

Cervia 249-

ICeryciui Moiu 279.

Cefim Mon. 123.

Ceforiacum Navale 194.
Cefhtu, Cethma, Inf. defc.

37^5 377j 378.
Cet'iHiMon. iz^.

Ceva 2.40.

Cev<£ marchionatiii 239.
Cevennes 194.

Ce vet tea 3.5.

Ce«frf 473.

Cej-Zc/j ////. rtVfc. 243, 244,
296, 450, to 454.
Chabala ^'ji.

ChabrieresMai^icxe 192,238

531

291. Chamber}
279. Champagne
279j 280. Cbampe Mon.
loi. Ghana

377, -Chancon-

378. .Chanday
Chandran
Changlee Chilfe
Changte.
Changxa
Chamury
Chahohie Setalla
Cbanque

273' C/jfiwfe
Chaocher
ChaoJ(ing
Chaonia
Charaffat
Charchana.
Los Ch areas Pro v.
Charefen
Cbaretes
Charles Count.
Charles Fort

CharlesTown 572,508,590.
Charles IV. Emp. 1 25,

Charles V. Emp. io-8, 1 1 7.
Charles the Great 54, 167,,.
■ Ii5, 133, 138.

Charles K. of Sweden 60.
Charles IX. and XI. King of

Chaburee
Chaco
Ch^roH'a -
Chagra ■
C hake dm and

Chalck .

Chaldea

Chalon

ChalyboH'

Chalybonhtn Wine

Cham

419.
552.
279.
5^2.
ts Council

347, 34^-
2a7

237.

194, 196.

413.

<oi, 507.

434-
551.
445.
354.
440.
ibid.,
40,

243'
438.

440-..
442,
•ibid.
275,

49.8.
487.

559'

595'

375-

592,-595'

5i8.

Sweden
Charlemnt
Charleville
Charleroy
Charljiat
Charojfan
Charja defc^ .
Cbartres

Charybdis Gulph
Chafeavo
Chaua's
ChaHchey ~
Chaul
Chaid fl.

66, 91,

52..
187^
^53-
394-
3,540

197-
2,5 7»
109=

$25.

441.

294..
424,

420,

45,394. ChauiVvov.defc, 471,473,

352.
402.
558.

Chawn Channa 417,

Chaxumo 518,

Cha^ari 408.

Cheafapeac\ 592, 594, 5950,
Chem

Chehih
Checara

Checo defc.

Chedorlaormer

Che

Cbege

■Che^jelmlnor

Cberques Arab.

Cheklang

Chelm

Chelmsford

Chelonates Prom.

Chelua

Chemia

■Chemps

Cheos Inf.

Cherafceo

■Cherbourg

Cherbourg Wick

■Cher^effi

Cherts

Cherman

■Cherronijl

Cherry 620.

473

437

434
393
441
lor
401

¥7:
438

87
608
282
213
490
352
289
240

■195

497
90
394
284
Inf. 62I) 627,.
62^

55, 89
433

Cherfenefa

Cherfonefe Golden 431

Cherfonefw Cimbrla <,<,

■Cberfopolis 292

■Chefel fl. 410

Cbefimur 394

Cbejler fl. 600

, CheJJer County ibid

Cljer 442

Cheriot UiUs 37

Cheufeftan . 395

Chexan 438

Chi a Inf. 289

Chi alts 41 1

Chidmpa 439

Chianettlan 582

Chiapa $83
Chiapa Real de Indies ibid

ChiarenT^a 282

Chiartiam 411

Chiarenna 234

Chiao^ 447

Chichejter fl. 600

<:hic\amahama, 592

Chielefa 283

Cbiencheu defc, 441

CbierafcQ 240

ChU^iang 441.
K. Childericli depofed 192.

Chili defc. 55, 291, §45,

547,550.

C/;/i// 141.

Chilmamr 401.

ChUonium 57.

Chimera 275, 350.

Chimai 180.

C himetv ¥oTt 291.

C/;7n<? ^e/c. 294, 295, "337,

339>34o,343»344»4o8,

436, to 444.

C/;z?w PoTicy 398.

Cto;^ its Wall 412, 413,

437.

China Inf . 488.

Chinatoa 582.

Chinan 439.

Chinco 2^6.

Chinefe Char all ers 439.

Chinefes ^37,438.

Chtngan 442.

Chingehen 440.

Chingtien ibid.

C hinting 439.

Chingpng 440.

Chinyreng 442.

C/>fo /«/. i/e/c. 374.

Chifiggitt 247.

C^iorif 283.

CAfo^ /«/; i^e/c. 374.

Chipeche 371.

Chiraguanes 552.

Chirmain 394, 395.

C/j;>w 420.

C/;z>or 417.

ChitpouT^ 420.

C/j/Vro 275.

Chiutaie 347,

Choafpk fl, 402.

C/;o/OT _ 371.

Cholchis ^66.

Chonadienfis 10 1.

Choptanke fl. $94.

Chorafan 408.

Cim'oxan 411.

C/jo/z/i 88.

Choterin ■ <$6.

ChoMi 425.

ChoHtaia 38.

Cho^ars 408.

N n n « 2

Cbremnit^ 1 02, 1 1 o, 112.

Chriftiana ^^p,

Cbrijlianopie <52, dd.

Cbrijliampolii 285.

Chriflians MafTacred and
flain 4^8, 493, 494.
CbriJliansbHrgh CalVle 296'.
Chrijliern of Oldenbmgh $8.
ChriQiern I. 52.

Chrijliern III. (5o.

Chriftiern IV. ibid.

Cbriftiern-dorp 62.

Chriftierns Haven 60.

Chriftiern Pries 58.

Cbrijliernftadt 62.

Chriftina Inf. 291.

Cbriftopher Columbm 210..
St. Cbriftopher s Inf. 293.
fl'ejc. 539, 573, 295.
Chnftopoli 278.

Cbronus fl. 82.

Chryfites 278.

Chryfoborca 420.

Chryforhoas fl. 550,553,4^3.
Chryftal Mount 4^55, 4<5<5.
Chryfiii fl. 104.

Chucheu 441.

Chulmia 266.

ChuMa 579^.

Chumro Inf. • $39,

Chunking 440.

C/;«r 233, 121. F/. 370.
Church-Eftates 248.

Churdijlan 394.

C^w 395.

C^«/ii 393.

Chufafa 473.

C/jKy and its Battle 355.
CA_)'?;_y 18 1.

Chyrra 28 1»

C/jyfor 420.

CiaiKW fl. ^66.

Cianifcari fl. ibid,

CfdKrt 294.

Gibinium p8.

Czio Gefli' 227.

C/&!)/^ 581J.

Cfc<i)t' 4S7.

C/mVs Head its price 300.
CicHlean Mon. pp.

Ciculi 07.

C/,'i>V7 48 H

Ciinex

CI CL

Cigp.ea 14^.

Cikok9 447.
Cilicia 34^, 3 yd.

CiUebar 2 9 (5.

Cima d'l monte fan^o 274.
Cimbri defeat 115,139,201.

Cimmerun BojphorM 9 1 .

Cimmermm Mare 89.

Cjncheu 442.

Cine ova 577.

Ci«^K c^rf«n 408.

Cin^f« 440.

Cimamon-Tiee , 452.

Cimfw 290.

Ciol^anqHe 425.

Circambate 372.

C'lrcan 395.
CircaJJIans blacl^ Tartars 90,
272. 3^8,371.

C/Vce 250.

Civceium Prom. ibid.

CirceUi 474, 482.

Chcello Monte 250.

Circina 487.

Circinna ibid.

Circles of the Em pii'e 119.

Cirecatha 400.

Ci>t,t 7«//k 484.

OV*/;d ibid.

Cirjnia ^j6.

(.'ithsron Man. 278, 279. '

Cither a Inf. 247.

G/Viw Free and tape. 151.

Cittalnvitta $41.

C//frif Notabik ibid.

C;Yf.? A/'of/« 247.

C/f^^j Vittoriqfa., §41.

Cittiomrn Inf. 104.

Civaro 2.3 7«
Cividal del Roy Philippe 546.

Civita Vecchia , 250.

Clacl^iannam 40.

Clagcnfnrt 144, jo§.

Clarajci Pax 441.

Clarafcum 440.

C/^jre 49.

Clarendon Jl. $9°-^

CLventia'QHcat.. 2.82.

G/firen:(it ibid.

CAit'o Montium- zoo.

elms Iff. defc, 37 5' 1

CL CM

Clafqmm

39-

Claude Inf

291.

Claudia.

144.

Claudiopolfi

98.

Claudiw

268, 275-

CLmfembmg

97, 98-

ClaufnU

178.

Claven, Clavenno

234-

Cleef

127.

Clemens Alexand

494-

Clemontti

282.

Clemou^Tj

ibid.

Cleopatra 377,4d5>492,498.

Cleopatrk

501.

Clepidava

87.

Cleremont

200.

C/ei^e (57,127,135,14^,175.

C/ei^ej- and 7«/ie)

s 67, 1 25.

C/zJ^ ^e/c.

252, 263.

Clijfura Mon,

257.

Clodion

181.

Clogher

49.

C Ion fart

50.

Clonifl}

49.

Clonmel

$1-

Clophae

414.

Clota

40.

Clove Inf.

459-

Clundert

155.

Clufa, Clufe-

238.

ClHverim

62.

Cluyd jl.

34) 39» 40.

Cnemides

280.

Coa Inf defc^

375-

Coama

4.04, 405.

Cobi ff.

366:

Coblenti^

I22> 129.

Coburg

147.

Coche defc.

35^.

Cochin

296, 427.

Cochin China defc.

433> 434-

K. Cochliariui

54-

Codings Sound

5.22.

Coda

479-

Cocytm fl.

277.

Codlews

452.

Codours jl.

3.66.

Codunus Jinm-

$4-

Coelofyri'i

351-

Coevcrden

171.

Cojfee-Berry

390.

Coga

518.

Cogemine . 2^4.
Cogni 347,349,380.

Coidaja 348.

Coimbra 222, 223,
Coin fee Money.

Coiogna jy^.

Coir a 232.

Coire 121, 135..

Le Colde Partui 218.

Cola 523.

Colaicum 428.

Colanamid^ 268.

Colania 39^

Co/rf)/ 427.

1 Co/^eri 149..

1 Colchicum Mare 89,.

Colcinn 427,

Colchina Gulph 285,

Co/c/?K 355,. 3^5, 3^8.

Coldana 39,

Coldingham ibid,

Colibre 219.

Colima 5179.

Colleton jl., 59 ou

Collinia Inf. 375.

Collioure^ Colli we 2.19,

Co/Zu 484,

Co//f);)X magniti- 484.

St. Colmans Tomb. 143,

C /w^r 1 3 1. .

Colmogorod 78,

Co/n; ii8, 148,

Colocxa 103,

Co/o^n 19,121, 126,128,'

Coloieros Man. 377, 378.
Colombo 295,

Colonia Accufiomrum 200,
Colonia Agrippinenftum. 129.
Colonia Arelatum 201,

Colonia Araufiorum ibid.
Colonia Araufimrum ibid.
Colonia Trevirorum 1 29,
Colonui 591.

Co/oj(/:t /h/. 375, 376,

Colcjfm Rhod. 343:375,376.
Co/o«ri //i/. T own 288*

Colraine 48*

St. Columbus ibid.

Columbia Chrijtop. 373, 534,
542, 555, 566, 575,591.
Columna 76,

Columne

Columne Cariji<i 2S7.

Coma ^9^'

Coma Lac. 244.

Comaceniii Lac 2.34.

Comachh 2.49.

Comagena 3$i*

Comaingua S^A-

Comana 5^3»42 5'
Comania 552, 565, 366.

Comanians 4P^'

GowT/ir 428.

Cow^rrf MO, III.

Comara eoctrema 428.
Qomarienfii. de Comara 101.

Comargues 222.

Co/«3r« 296. ,

Qomedla 347-
Comemlitari 270,273, 275.

Comejliaw 4° '*

Comino Inf. 54^'

Comneni 3^^'

Cowo L4C. 234j 244-

Comoribo Inf. 293.

Complutum 215.

Compojiella $^82.

Cgmum Lac. 244.

Conacbia 49-

JUt Conceptio 55i> 584-

Concord "^oS.

Concordu comitat. 2.27.

Concorrfi'. Temple i$o.

Cona'/J^e I-97-

Owfl^e 180, 451-

QondeVda 45o»45i-

Condivincum I9^r'^97'

Condom, Condomum 199-

Cgnfluentes 129.
Ongodefc. 294,295,295,
402,4$5,4<$7, $22, 523.

Congolans 523*

Congoxuma 447*

Cpn^«e I/i/. 294.

Co/ii ?4o-

Conftagh 49-
Comaught . 43, 44^ 4^5 5o.

CmnetlicHt fl, 606, 5i 2..

Qn?Jor 48'

Conomenc'ina 428.

Conradinui 13'^'

Confantina A^A:

Qonjlaue Lac. 139, 233.

Cmjlancff and its Council

121, 13^, 138-

Conjlantia 195? 35 5» 37^-
Confiantina Prov. 484.

Conjlantine 248, 377, 4<59.
Conjiantine the Great 520:
Conjlantinople 17, 87, 271,
272, 308, 309.
Conf 5"-

Cont/^jTrf and its Gulph . 274. ^
Continufa 211.

Conucia 49*

ConventHf Cordubenfis, 209.
Coow ^e/f.. 404, 405.

Coonama Inf 293.

Coa;>e)- /. 590-

Copanabafila $83.

Coprf/f Ldc. 279.

Copenhagen $$, 58? i^o-

and its Treaty 56, 307.
CopernicHi'i Birth place 8<5.
Cophimdia Inf 288.

CojofeYi- 342-

Cophties, 293,. 294.

Co^/;fw 50 1 •

Cop/jyj /. 4^7-

C(5/!»7'<? 70'

Copranit:!i 261 .

Co))foj $01.

Co;)f«f 491-

Cora^atcb 453*

Corrf« in/. ^^94-

Cor^nfo 28$.
Corrf/rf« 394) 397-

Cord/o/i 394*

Cor/rjf/rirt ibid.

CoJV'zx iWb/J. 280.

Corbantor'igum 39'

Corbes 5o»

Coriej' 13^-

Cortfo 218.

Corc^'rd /«/. rft'/c, 265, 292.

Cordellier Moiu . $$<S.

Cor dor a 210.

Cordovants 475*

Co>-^M6.t 294, $$2.

Cofe/t (^e/c. . 443*

Corene 488.

Corfu Inf.. 247) 292.

Cwi 344'

Coria 233V1

Coriandti 43.

C)raf/j 282,285.

CorafA Bay 282.

Corinthio 285.

Corinthians 28 S.

Corinthw 283, 285.

Corifopitum I97'

Co>4 5^1) $8k

Cormandel 29$, 2915, 336,
482.

Cormentbi'Fort 295,

Cormentin Port. $07.

Cornucopia 166,

Cornwall 2.1*

Cora 295.

Corobandet 482.

Corodanum 391"

Coromandel 482*

Corona 98*

Corona Scania 62-^

Coronxa ?79*-

Coron,)ei /l^>i ibid.
CoKon and itsGuIph 28 3^

285.

Coronelli 282.-

Corofipares $$7«

CoroM /n/. 29 3.-

Conegienfis ptinaipatM 227.

Cor/tc^t 393"

Cor/dfri'. - 2a7, 2890

Corfchii 398*

C(jr/;c<t 19, 227. /«/• 23 5y
241,258..
Cortacha 432'

Coftex 577, 578, 579, ^80,=
581^
Corma. 209^

Coraa 530-

Cor,)' 42 8 .^

Corimbia Inf defc. 375, 376.
Coryphafi um 28 7 ► -

Corypho 4^^*

Cos Inf. 375,491-

Co/e/rfw 255*-

Co/7fn ,149-

Cojrfc^x ?4, S7, 89..

Go^K 501-^

Coffmm 199-

CoJ>r.t:. 485^.

C?j?d.. . 37^?*-

'Cffflaya 584.

Cojhiin, Coftmum 148.

Cofura^ C')f)ra 485.

Cot am 411.

Cot at if 559.

^''^A'/! 1 47.

Cottemburgh 15$.

Carto;; Sir £>. 401, 404,

Coubella 2^6,
-Couco 4(59,482,483.

Couentimm 35.

Coulan 227, 295.

Comjliz Battle 40(5.

Comiand 132.

Courtray 175.

Court upt 45p.

«/«/. 375,491-

Coufafar 555.

Coutanees ip^.

Cowbridge 55..

Coxinga 444.

Co:^enza 255.

CoT^ometcath 579.

Crabaten 128, 2(5i.

Cracovja^Cracow 83,85,309.

tragus mon. 350.

Crainburg 106.

Cramavor fl. 286.

Cranbrool^ fl. - (5oq.

Crangamr 29 5, 427.

Crapacl^ mon. 123.

Crapaten 425, 4 2 5.

O-rfjf/3 io5.

CraJ]Hf 350.

Orfj^f^ the rich 500,401.

Craven fl. ^90.

Cratt^jord 40.

CreaV 194, 195.

Oew.t 244, 247.

Crembs 143.
Cremenfe Territorium 2 25.

Cremona 243.

Cremps 55.

Cremftr 1 55.
Crepacorii Marchion. 227.

Cref.w Sea 2^9, 287.

Crffe Inf. defc, 291.

Cretian Sea 269.

CreufeiiacJ^ 1 30.
C>i/» 89, 90, 91.

C>7/7z Tartar J 90, 385

CR GU

CrimTartary de/c. 271,412,

413.

377
113,123

CU CY

Croatia 1 8.

Croatians

Crocew fl.

Crocodile

Crjefiif

Croia

St. Cro/jc /.

Cromer ly

Cromtum

Croneburgh

Cronenburgb

Cronjiat

Crofi Koad

Crojfen

Crufnerum Afaum

Crypta Inf.

Crypton Ivf.

Ctefiphon

Cuaci

Cuadag

Cuama fl.

Cuba Inf. defc.
I Cubagua
Cubola

I Cuchumatlanes
Cu£ Inf.
Cuenca
Cut Guily
Cuiavia
Cuidad Real
Cuirafco
Cuifa

Culbuacans
Culenburgh
Culiacan
Cullembacb
Cullera
Culm
Culmore Fort

Cumana
Cumanians
Cumanm campm
Cumerfee
Cumejha
Cuneum
Cuneum Prom^
Cungchand

494,
347,

59, ^o.

4^5,
293,

25l.

19-
343-
493-
3S0.

373-
^14.

40.
281.

70.

62.

91-
^23.

157.

211.

375.

ibid.

355.

434-
ibid.

525.

555.

5^3-
188.

583.

439.
215.

47.
84, 85.
203, 204.
240.
481.
581.
170.
582.
133.
212.

85.

48.
254.
$61
408.
ibid.
234.
283.
240.
224.

439-
254.

Cuougo
Cm- fl.
Curacao
Curacco Inf.
Curajfift
Curatii

5^5.
371.
574*
29 5«

■106.
^50.

Oirdi 355,3^2,353.

Cwdian Count. 380.

Curdiflan 3^2, 39^$.

Curia 222.

Curia Muria 528.'

Curia's Prom. 277

Curio's brafs Money 300

Curland

Curta

Curfolari Inf

Cur^ola

Cufco

Cufiflan

Cufijiran

CufioTia

Cujirin

Cutaige

Cutaye

Cute

Cutembach

Cut/}

Cuthu Mifes

Cuyd(^

Cyclopes
Cyclades
Cydmw fl.
Cydon
Cyllene
CyJlene Mon.
Cyneras
St. Cyprian
Cyprus Inf. defc.

377
Cyrene defc.

Cyreniaca
Cyril

Cyrinus Inf.
Cyropolif
Cyrofcata
Cynha
Cyrus
C^rus fl.

19,71,85,
107,

291.

255.
543, 559.

394-

ibid.
188, 247.

148.

347-
ibid,
ibid*
149.
393-
378.
1 85.

99.

258.
288, 289.

350.

290.

282.

285.

377.

485.
344, 37^,
378, 381.

488.

497.

494.

258.

372,400,411.

400,411.

28r.

377,402.-

^. . 3^3, 3^9, 394-

Cyrus brand 345, 348, 350,

35^, 393,400,401,40^,
411.

Cyfeleth

CY CZ DA

Cyfeleth 972.

Cythera Inf. 290.

Cytheron AM. 278.
C:(arofsgoyod 408, 409.

CzjlflctKV 155.

Czeben 9S.

Cziechi 1 54.

C:(entochovtf 8 5.
C^crnihou 84, 8d.

Cxersko 85.

Czes](AYem 154.

CTticT^uar 115.

Cn^ngrad I o i .

C:(pngrod. 104.

C^7c^ 97-

D/13«/ 295, 424, 425,
425.
D*tc.t 29 S) 2915.

D.ici 124

Dacia Meditenm. ■ 97.

D.tcw Ripenfis 97*

jDacwn JP/W. 268.

Dwefi 1 24-

Dadacardia 555.

Dadian ^6g.

Vdtddm 290,

D^/rfr (]^e/c. 590.

Dagejfan, Dagheflan Tartars
37i»372.

D4^^0 71-

Dagomeftro 2-j6.

Dabi ' 54.

Dd/e Sir 7/j(W«. $93.

Valeborg 6%.

Dalecarl'ut 6g.

Dalem 187.

Dales Gift 5^5.

Z)4//rf. 68,281.

paimatia. 18,247,202.
P^/w 172.

Damant ■ 352.

Damantz}^ 150.

Damaon 294.

P4?«<w 553,492.

Damafcena 351.

DamafcoyDamafcw dcfc. 3.5 1 ,
353> ?8o.
J)a>Hletta.iDamiatt defc. 499.

Damiata 4^4.

Damnii 39.

Dammij}} Lake 1,50.

Damoan 40 1 .

Damoan Afon. ibid.

Damott ■ 5.1 1.

Damota 512.

i Damville 19 5.

I Damvillerium 1 3 1 .

D^z« Tribe 300.

I DdWiti 27 r, 490.

DajiaH'f 490.

Dojutwfl. Bg^ 96, 1 ID, 1 1 1,
115, 123, 15(5, 230,268.
Dojicala 508-.

Dancale $10.

Ddinej 54. 62, 296.

D/i«/\t 54.

Dankalitt 420.

Dans burgh 296.

Dant:^kl^ 26, 309, 310.
Danube 121, 122, 138, 140,
141, 220, .267.
Dambim aL.Danaw fl. 103,
105, 106.
Danvilliers i8r.

Daphne 351.

D;ir(t 399.

Drff^SH /. 286.

Dardanels 272, 347, 348.
Dardanels of Le panto 280.
Dardania 288.

Darel-melec 371.

Day ha 504.

Darlorigum 197.

DariwK. 93,95, 270, 278,
3^0,95^,492.
Darim Codomanps^ . 492.
DariiM Nothm ibid.

Darmftadt 131, 134.

Diiw/i 43.

Dart mouth 608.

Dajs-grojfe Frifche-Hajf 1^0.
Daffaw 87.

Datchferon ■ 296.

D<i«|;e iWo/i. , 193.

Daulia. 274.

Daulii 281.

Dauphin Fort. 293..

Dauphin Inf., . 29 3 , 5 3 7 .
Dauphine 192,. 194.

Dauphine Prov. and its feveu

DA DE

Wonders 200, 2of.

Dav^nter 122.

Daventria ibid.

David Geirge 16 3.

St. Davids 36.

D^%/i^ /aivz 622.

Drfi/« Fretutn ibid.

Darparo 510, 541.

Dd(a; 199.

D<?yr5 446.

DeW S*?.^ 343.,

Debreczin 10 r.

Debronuha Inf. 26$.

Dec an 224, 294^ 296i.

Decebalm K. 97, 98.

Dedham 60B. .

0^^?/^ . 34.

Deer-found. . 6231.

Deerfeild 608L.

Deheubarth 35,

Di'Wi 41.^.

^ Deianira -23 o. .

i p^i (^onw7/2 40.

Delacarle 7 r .

Delaware Bay- 594, 602.

Delaware fl. 598,599,600,
602, 606, 611.

De/e yf. 187.

Dt^/f 163.

De//f 163. /«/. 296.

Dclfuin 163.

De/^-j/ i/i/. 79.

Deliens 2.^8, 419,

De//z ■ . 417.

^iKKoi 278.

Delmenherft 62, 135^

De/;i/j 163.

Dc/])/ji ■ 281.

Delphos 281,437.

Ddph:(jl' I72»

Delopia 276,-

DJoy 278 Jw/. 288,

De/f-.^ 497. .

Deluino 276.

Dembea 510,511, 5i3,.5i8>-.

Dembeia 511^-

D«72er /. 183.

Demeffir 497''

Deinetia 33,...

Demetrias: 275, 276.x.

iDewi)- '\^, 37 li,

' Democrates- . S?"^" •

'Democritfi£..

vm Di

^emocYitHf 272,494.

Demojlheues and liis Lant-
horn 271, 277, 288,
J>en Haghe 1 6\.

Denaru fi. 241.

Denbea ^16.

■Denbigh 33, 54.

Dengala 513.

Denia 212.

Den/4 /. 208.

Denigu 258.

Denmarl^ 18, 19, 21, §4,
55, (52.
Denmar\yr. 47.

St. D^nnif 19 5.

Depony John $87.

Dequin 414.

Derbent 371, 372, 409.
■Dej'^f 71.

Derihon 244.

Dertofa 217.

-Z,<t Defnee 293.

De//re Port 547.

De/ire Provokes 622.

■Defmond Count. 5 1 .

Defolation Land 622.

Dejfaw 147.

Deffeada 574.

Devatia 39.

Deucalion 270.

Deventer 1 7b.

Devils-mouth 6p.

Deumiifa 288.

Dewx FoHti' <5<5, ^7, 1 30.
D/rf /w/I 291.

Diakan 424.

Dialcos 464.

Dianas Temple 278, 286,
348,401.
Dianicum 212.

Dianium 213.

Diaquites 552.

Diarbcck 39$.

Dinrbeek, 346, 354, 356.
Diarb€J(er, Diarbequir, 354,

Dt argument 394.

Diavaudoiorv Inf. 427.

D/ifv? 273.

D/Vci Drittme 233.

Di^amnum 290.

D/<57e iWon, ibid.

D/io 485.

Didymm 494.

Dieden})oven 181.

D/e^o Tloif /«/■. 293.

Diemens 2 9 5.
Diemens Antb. Land. 624.

Diepe 195.

Diepholt 135.

D/t'ff 183.

Diefthetm ibid.

Diglath fl. 353.

Dijigy-neur 451.

D/|«rt Tower 59.

Dijort 198.

Di lemon 394.

Dilleborg 1 35.

DiUenberg 135.

D;^";ig 135.
Dimtriada 275, 275.

DinevourCaJh 35.

Dinfoan 434.

Dingi:{lee 348.

D/H^/e §2.

Dinkelfpiel 138.

Diniguttia 268.

Dimgetia ibid.

Dinogutia ibid.

Dimrigrij^a 27$.
Diocefis Trevirenfis 1 29.

Dioclefian 493.
Dioclefian Maffacre 494.

Diodori Inf. 391.

Diodorm Siculftt 257.

Diolil^en 7$.

Diomedd Inf. 259.

Diomedes 22 y.
Dionyfiopolk 2(58, 419.

Dionyfiw 494.

DiofcorHi 493.

Diofcorida 528.
Diojpolfi 348, 498.

D//)(?/rf 28 §.

Dipjion ibid.

Difma 447.

Dijpargum 127.

Dijpomm ibid.
Dithmerfia 5^, §7.

Dzfio Buffet ana 227.

Ditio EcclefiA 235.
Dif/o OTrf^ni D«czV Hetrwix
235.

Diufoiireji 418.

m DO

Divenorv fj. ^

Diviomtm

DiuL Port

Divodurum

Dixmuide

Do-Cerne

Dobarowa

Dubrufian Tartars

DobuTJn

Docan Mon.

Docum

Dodeia Ecclefia

Dodona

Doesburg

Dojfrini Mon.

Le Dogado

Doire fl.

DoL

Dole

Dole Se^uamrum

Dolfar

Doliche 2j6.

Dolis

DoUart

Dolopes

Dolphins Inf

Doltabad

Doltabat

Domichi

St. Domingo

St. Dominic fl.

Dominica defc.

Dominica Inf

Dominel fl.

Don fl. 18, 39,

D(?n Sebajiian

Donaghmore

Donavert

Donarv fi.

Donge

Donia

Donmore Houfe

Dovflow

Doum

Dorbo

Dorchefter C and

Do/cj(v<w
Dordracum

125:

382

294V

449.

123, 150.

198.

420.

125.
177.

537-
518.

95, 258.

85, 85.

418.

172.

28r.

275.

159,170

70.

225.
241.

197.

•»75'
124.
390.

574-
197.
172.
271.
457.

4?i.

429.
275.

5^5.
29$.

574-

295.

i85.

355,

382.

471,472.

48.

140.

155.

451.
54-
45.

93.

49<^.

512.

595,
5o8.

172.

i53.

D(3rw

294

123,

523;

Cit.

DO DR

Bores

271

Boria

242, 487.

Boria Gen.

282, 285.

Boris

277-

Bormcl^

■176.

Boro Prom.

287.

Bort

122, i6^.

Bortmania

4 27, 13d.

Bortmund .

ibid.

Bover <5o3. Fl. 600.

Bouglas C. and Fl. 40.

Bouro fl.

24.

Boux fl.

124.

BoHx Salmo

ibid.

Boway

175.

Bomie

48.

Bowne Patricia

ibid.

Bra fl.

123, 144.

Brabus

105, 106.

Bracona

278.

Bracula P.

97-

Bragut

487.

Drake Sir Fr.

547, 549,

559, 5<^5»

581, 585.

Brangana

( 394-

.Bravus 105, io5

25o, 267.

Bra:(at

105.

BrazjiCi

273.

Drent ■

170.

Drepanim

258,281.

Drefden defc.

123,147.

Dreubfperg

123.

Drib

273.

Drimago

258.

Brinax

273.

Drino

ibid.

Bromore

48.

Dromum Ach'iUii

91.

Drontheim

66.

Droquedagb

46.

Druids 54,405,421.!

Drummaragh

49.

Drufius

115.

Drufo-Magus

138,139.

Dryopes

271.

Dryopjt

275-

Duacum

175.

Dubdu

473-

Dublin

4?-

Dubo

446.

Duca

421.

Ducala Prov,

■ 475-

Ducalidonu ^ 57
// Due at 0 di Bracciam 2 5 1

Ducatus Cajhenfis 226
Ducatus Ferrarienfis ibid,

Ducatus Mantanus 227.

Ducatus Majfx ibid.
Ducatus Mediolanenfis 226.

Ducatus MiranduU 227.
Ducatus MontPi F err ati 226.
Ducatus Montis Ferrari 227.

Ducatus Mutinenfis ibid.

Ducatus Parmenfis e^ Pla-

centims ibid.

Ducatus Rhegienjis ibid.

Ducatus Sabaudf£ 226.

Ducatus Venetus ibid.

Ducatus Vrbini ibid.

Duent 171.

Dueona ^99'

Due) fled e 122.

Dueras fl. 221.
Duero fl. 203, 204,207.

Duin^erl^ ij6.

Duifburg 122.

Dulcigm 26^.

Dukinda Dcfert 395.

DuUihium Inf. 291.

Dultabat . 424.

Dumbarum 39.

Duiia fl. 71, 82.

Dunbar 30.

Dunblane 40.

Dunbritton 39,

Duncanmn 47.

DutKaz^it 518.

Dunda\ 45.

Dundee 40.

Dundrum 48.

Dunemberg 71, 84.

Dunfreis 39.

Dunga 425.

Dungannon 49.

Dungarvan 52.

Dunkelfpiel 138.

Dunl^rl^ ij6.

Dunluce 48.

Dunagal 47, 48.

Dunnoter Caft, 40.

Dunquerca . ij6.

Dun Robin 40.

Dunum 43.

D«r>Tc;^ Bay 280.
O o 0 0

582-.

273, 274.

181.

Cir DY DZ EA EB EC

I Durango
j DuraT^
I Durbuy

iDurias fl. 203, 204, 207,
[Duringe 147,

IDuringer 123,

Duringer waldt 1 24.

Durlach i^j,

Durnocl^ 40.

Dm-ocortum -196.

Durocnrtorum ibid.

Durofladikm 16B.

Duroftatuin ibid.

D«;^r;2 582.

DuJJeldoip 127,

D«<fc/; cruelties 445, 459,
450.
D«fc/j coin in the Indies 334.
D«fc^ Flanders 178.

Dwftvi Republick defc. from
i5o, to 174.
Duv-eland 16 j,

Duvine fl. 75, 78.

D«t;/He Town 78, 79,

DuvineT;^, 72.

Dmna fl. 82.

D;fx5«r7 <5o8.

Duytxpury 127.

Duyveland 157.

t>/w 282.

Dymnia 279.

Dyomfia Inf. 2^^.

Dyrrachium 273.

DyfmaInf 445.

D;^JVf«j ^. 82.

E>ig/e of Ae^fo Montams
117.
£j:^/e Wooden 13^,

Eaji-Freiilland 135.

Eaftbam 608,

Eaftland Fleet 59.

Eajle/n Princes their Policy
380.
Eblana 43, 45,

£5ro /, 2o5, 215, 217.
Ebarum 1^6.

Ecbatana 403.

^C ED EF EG EI EK Et

Echinades Inf. 291.

Ecbtcneenen i?'*

Eckbar 419, 42°'

Ecs-mia^in 3^4-

Ecya . 210.

Edam i^^'

Edel jJ. 16.

Eddberg 129.

Edels 296.

Edcfct 354-

S-# 3i4»375-

£f^|W /rt/;. ^24.

Edinburgh 39-

£^//^o /. 59°-

EduIiusMm. 218.

Edward I. 3,4, 485.

iSiiv^i-ill. 34.

EdTerhayan 394-

Ed:^erbcit:(An ^9^-

Efep 348.

£;/to7 71-

ig^dr ^/. E)7it)v • III-

£ik>t K. 58.
E^er jJ. 122, 141, 1.55-

ii^;n<z Gulph 288.

E^ina Inf. ibid.

Eglinton Caftle 40.

Eim-ind 166.
E^fct jl. 125,141,155-

Egripisinf (^r Cit. 287.

£gj;)t defc. frora 489,^503.
^iv/./«i- 383,385,465.

,Ef;z/;\t wohjj 270.

Ekhjladt 155.

7i/V,r 491.

Zidelbsrg 129.

Eindhoven- tS6.

E-inebttchri 280.

FjfL'ihtch 147-

Eifenbach -iio.

£z,/?eZ>en- 148-

D' £^f ^cj Teyerudi- 101,111.

S^er yi/;rf(jf 419.

*'EMep^(/)rt. 240.

FJdefaguadero 584.

El-Dor. ido 5;5oj 561.

Ei-Guafco 551'

El-Kebit 49°-

El-ToY dcf.: 3-88.

¥.iadafagm 274.

EL EM

Elamii iifc. - 400,

El Man — - 394.

Elate a Mm. 279.
£/3 /. 55, 115, 121, 123,
145, 147.
Elbe Inf. 227,252,258.

£//^//!i 8(5.

'Elb)gen 62.

Ellmrg 1 70.
El calif 3,82, 391.

Elccbas 131.

Ele^lors 8. I20.

Elcuftn 278.

Eleufinia facra ibid.

Eleuftnian Plain ibid.

Eleufis ibid.

Elt'Hthera 290.
Elghinmha. 471, 475.

E/^« 40.

Elgiuhma 471.

Elgiumahct 475.

Eliams- 280.

£/if 282.

£/;fifrf yV/o;?. 2.78.

Elizabeth Qv 44.

Elizabeths City 593.

Elizabeths liif 549.

Elizabeths Town 604.

Elleberri 219.

Eilholm 62.

Eldiberk. 219.
£i//af 609, dr^.

£^?« Flaviui fi. 122.

Elmadiu 48 <5.

£/«.« 21 9.

£/9r.i 421.

£//>/;/« • 50.

Elfahar 3.94.

£//^y/ 131.

Elfenburgh 59.

Elfenour 60.

Elfemur Straights 59.

Elfinborch 61.

Elfnafe 69.

Eli}er fi.. 147.

£/«.» 224.

Emacham 295.

Emanuel Em^i 281.

Embdert t^6.

Emboli- 274.

Emfroi 511.

Emrham:r 364-

EM EN EP

£w//<t, 3 5 2".

EmmerUnd 135.

£wHoe 352.

Empedocles 257.

Empnrites 218.

£OTjr /. 121, 123.

£ff/trert 510, 511, 512, 518.
Enchyfen Inf. 296.

Enculifna 198.

Endracht 2.96.

Endes 582.

Endren 27 2»

Endyinion 3 50*

Enerakj Mm. 70*

£,'!/efi- 514«

Enfif}:eim 131.

En^?\t Gulph 281,288.
England dcfc. i3, 19, 20, 21,
22, 24, 25, 2d, 27, 28,
29, 58.
England-New defc. from do5
to (5 1 2.
Englifl) their Territorics,?:!Tr. .
and Coin iu the £//7? and
Weft-Indies 295, 334*
Englifl) Channel 2 !■.

E"^«w 3.47 ♦-

Engure 5.23*

£«io 272^,

Eniil^lling- ' 49.

Eniftown ibid.

£«/w 2 5-7»

£/w 272^

£w Anifia *43»

Eh^j-c D<t«ro flftyc-. 223.

Epaclos 28o»

Epaminondas- 277, 279.

£^rt 283.

Eperies 109.

Epctium 262=.

Epher 462.

Epheftlon 402, 405.

Ephefw and its Temple defc.

' . 543» 348-

Ephrahn Tribe 3 do,

Ey/y'fo 285.

Epicaria 275.

Epidamnm ibid.

EpidauriH- 22^4, 284.

Epiphanow 19,

Epirm 1-8,20,270,276,277.
Epifccpalfi Tingitana. 47 r ^ .

EP Ea ES

Epifcopia 477.

, Epites 2S6.

Eporadia 240.

Eporadir ibid.

Eporedia ibid.
EporedU Miirchlonatui 239.

Eporredia 240.

Eqium^Hal France 505.

Eraci^Agemi 395.
EraJhiHi 232, 239.

Eratojlbenes 488.

Erbuch 133.

Ercalthay 411.

£rc(7Ci3 511.

£r^e/z 97.

Erdewdii 105.

Erdinii 43.

Erdoed 105.

£rec/;, ErecJ^defc. 354.

Erenbretjieti 1 29.

De £rej- Ides 201.

Sreae 258.

£re:^ 354.

£j/or£^ 128.

Erfwdt ibid.

£>•/ 394.

£w^ K. 57-

£r;c;« K. 6i5.

Bvjo 275.

Erivan 364.

St. £>7X:^0 287.

fr/^w III.

£f« /. 40.
Ernelough 44, 49, $0.

Ernbretjiein 129.

£/o/i 7n/. (/e/f. 375.

Erpach 133.

Erpbordia 128.
£mf 471,473,497.

ErymanthUn Boar 28(5.

Erythsm 405.

Erythea 21 1.

Erythrea 290.

Eryvan 342.
Erzjmm defc, 3^4, 380.

Efclavonia 260.

Efcref defc. 401.

Efculap'ut 284.

Efcurial 215.
£x^e /. 39, 40.

Es}(ihifar 348.

ES ET EU E^ EX EY

£jf/ec/^ its Bridge io(;.

£jfjen 13^.

EjJeqHebe fl, 560.

Ejfinguen 138.

Effomericl^ 624.

Ejiarabad 394.

L. £j? jf aft'i/i Fre//a'i 253.
Efienfis Gens 227.

Elkrhaji Count. 87.

£/Jero 294.

EJihonia 7 1 .

EJlUotfi 275.

Ejhmber 224.

fij^qy ibid.

Eflrabut defc. 401.

Eflrecho de Gibr alter 211.
D' £_/h-ee Count $74.

EJhemadura 203, 223.

Etcbmeafen 364.

Et codes 278.

Ethiopia defc. from 509 to
522.
Eikiopean Sea 4^2.

Ethiopians 510.

Etolienfmm Civit. 198.

Etruria 271.

£«*<e4 284, 287.

Eubxus 402.

Euclid 257.

Evenus fl. 280.

Evefche de Wartsburgh 132.
Eutnenes 273.

fi/orrf and its Batt.222,224.
Eupatoria. 91.

Eupeterea ibid.

St. Euphemie 255.

Euphrates fl. 342, 343,34$,

34<^, 352, 3545 3^3>3?3-
EurcHX Mcdiolanmn 1^6.

Euripus Strait 287.

Europa 290.

Europe defc. x 5, 17, 1 8, 115.

European Languages 21.

Ewrotai fl. 2% 6.

St. Eujiace Inf. 29$.

Euftache $74.

Euxine Sez 90, 133, 268,

271, 343» 34^5 3^3^372.
Exvane:^it:^ 1^6.

Exciiba. 224.

Exeter do 8.

f^WKy 438.

O 0 o o 2

£z Fa

£:^zoH Ge^er

388,

E:{lingh

138.

¥.

T^Abii

r Fachs fl.

250.
35<?.

Facione

447.

FdicitOi Juliet

22-3.

Fatal Inf.

530.

Faifo

434'

Fair Hill Inf

41.

Fair Point

^22.

Faifavs Inf.

199.

St. Faith Vitop:ilii

144.

Falaife

195-

F alcoburgum

187.

Falecia

IPS-

Fal^enburgb

di.

Falkland

Falmouth

608.

Frt//?er 59, i5i.

F<«w^ Augujia. 376', 378.
Famagojla defc. ibid.

Famine Port 549.

F angina Inf. 443.

F<?no 245^.

Fanum San^i Afaphi 34.
Fanum SanEH Audomari 1 79.
Fanum Davidtf 5I.

Fanum SaniliDionyfd 195.
Fanum San^li JohannU 238.
Fanum St. Quin^ini 194.
Fanum Reguli 39.

Fanum ad Tattam ^6.

Far of Meffma 2 $6.

Fare 395.

Farfa^fl. 353.

Farmenagb 4.8, 49.

Farnefia Oetu' 227.

f<a!ro 224.

F^rx 395.

F4>yi 393, 394, 395.

Farjiftan ibid.

Fartarch 294, 2p5, 391,
Farucb 4.62.

Fajfa fl 353.

F4j(/3 3 5^.

Fat agar $10.

Fatima Zubra 405.

Fatnian OJliarie 464,

Farentia

FAr FE FI

Pareutiu

217.

Firmo 249.

Kavorhb

142.

Firufeuch 401.

Fauquemont

187.

Fifhgard 7,6.

St. Fe

.58&'-

Fiicbtelberg Mon. 1^22,123,

Federfce Lac.

139.

141.

Fe](ea 1^1171 /•

104.

Fium 501.

iielmgia

S.$6.

Flaerdi'ngct- 165.

Feltre

247.

Flanders 1^7, 158.

Fer Inf.

5^3

Flanders Count, defc. 175?

Ferden

i35> 155-

1^8.

Ferdinanda

• 555.

Flandrian Gate 182.

Fern fl.

353-

Flava 213.

Fernanbuco

554-

Flaviobriga 208.

Fernando Inf.

55^.

Flavio 254.

Fernando Poo

294.

Flavium BriganUm 209.

Fernando de Qakr

624.

Flie fi. 166.

Ferns

47-

FlieLnd ibid.

Fero Inf. defc.

5.32, 616.

Flint 33,34-

Fenabaut defc.

401.

Flifinga 167.

Ferrara

249.

F lemmings 157.

Ferrara Porto

258.

Flem7nif}} Phyfick 165.

Ferraria

213, 249.

Flemijh Inf $06.

Ferraria Flifa Gens

227,240.

F lens berg 58.

Ferriland

5i5,^i^-

Flcvolandia 166.

Ferro Inf.

5$5 53i-

Flexum 109.

Femca

462.

Florence^ Florentia defc. 251,

F-ettipore

419.

3 10.

Fevcrf}}cim fl.

600.

F lores Inf 53°-

Fe^ Kingdom defc

. 470, to

F/o>7^^ 294, 543.

479-

Floridas 278.

F.e::^e Prpv/defc.

471.

Fluflnn§ 16 J.

FeT^jen

504.

Fochevp 440.

Fi'am

497-

F(j?(:^w Di3/w«f Dei 233.

Fiafcone A-hth

2$0.

Fa?i^^ rt'ece/w Jurifdiniomm

Fkna

348.

ibid.

Fkn^a

249.

Fa?^« 507.

Figen.t

348.

Fo^//./ Veccbiii 348.

F.ille<\

III.

Fo(7Vrt Prov. 438, .440.

Final

242.

Los FolbadoY€S 530.

Findloitd

70.

FoiV yWb«. 285.

Fingerlit

295.

Foning 44 1 •

Fingnfes

79-

Fontain-bstte-caa. 196.

Finland Gwl'^h.

62.

Fons-bellO'4^u£ ibid.

FinlandiaSnedc-a

ibid.

Forfar 40.

Finmarl^

21.

Forfofo 441.

Finnia

70.

For tea Rival. 124.

Finmnia

ibid.

Formofilfif 295, 538, 443,

Fioma

$9,60.'

444.

St.- Fiora

252.

Forw/z 375.

Fioren'^x la Bella

251.

Fora-Julium 226.

F.irancio Inf.

447-

Forr-es 40.

Fjrmini) Inf .

28^.

Fort St.AndreirV 295.

132,177.

295.
294.
295.

ibid.

549-

43 ^

40.
$3^
237.
Id.^
237.
491,493^

533-

150.

626:

^B6.

4|i

2I3k

FI FL FO- FO FR

2^9AFort des Francoii 35?.

Fo^t St. George 295, 428.

Fort Nova HoUandia ' 295.
__ ,, Fort Lervii
141. |Fo>f St. Lovk
■-- ^ Fort St. Afarll

Fort of the Mine

Fort £t. Philip

Fortefcues Bay

Forte Pytindr^t

Forth Frith

Fortuentura Inf

Forum Vicontii

Fojfa Drufiana

Fojfniacum

Foftat

Fouchial

Fountainbleau Treaty

Fovcl-Soundi

St. Foy

Foyle Lough

Fraga

Froiice 18, 19, 134.

its defc. 190, 1915 192-,
193, 2.01.

France EquinoUial ^60.

Francifcans ^/^^^

Frar.cifcopolk 195-.

Francl^r \-]i.

Francofurtum ad OdcriVfii/^8.

Francoife Bay 614.

Francoife Fort 538*

FrancoUno fl. 217*

Franconia;. 123, i'3o, 132.

Franicheria 172.

Franl^ndale 130.

Frank frd 311- SceFrankfort

Francl^fort 117, 119, 122,
123, 1.30/133,134,148^
311.

Franks 115, 181, 191, 253*

Frat fl. 353*

Fraivendfeld 233*

Fredericks Barbarojja 350.

Frederic!^ Fort $8i

FredericJlK. $5*

Fredericks K. of Denmark. 60.

Frederick^ U. ibid.-

Fredericks Ode 58.

Frederka ibid.

Fredericksberg 60, §07.

Fredericksbu rgh Fort 2 9 5.»
Krederickjfat.

FR FU GA

^redp'kkjlat 5S.

Yre'ibnrg 148.

¥yeijcngen 140.

VrcrmtiO. 518.

\f.rench 115. their Country,

fyc, in the Wijl and £rfj?-

Indies 295.

French County 124.

F return Davis 622.

Fretum Gaditanum 211.

Fretum Herculeum 207, 2 1.1.

F return la Maire 549.

F return TarteJJiacum 21 1 .

Friburg 151, 135, 229, 250,

232. j

Friburgum

Fridberg

Fy'iefldnd 158,

Fnfch-Haff

Frijlat io5, 109,.

Frw/i
Fn;^o/i.c^.

Fro3//7;f r Mart. <5i8, (
Frobifljers Oar <

Frobi/Jjers Straights <
Frumentim \

Fuencheu c

Fuentarabia '.

Fuentes :

Fuggers i

De Fugo Inf. ;

Fald ft. 123, I

Fulda Abbey, i

Fnlgentim 4

Fulo Inf.

Funan

Fund

Fmgciang

Fung})al

Fungj

Fuoa

Furfi^rcheih

Fumes

Futjiemberg

Fuva

Gades

Gademes

Gadira

Gadiies

Gafat

Gagara

Gago

Gaighe

St. Gal

Galac-^

Gala^ba

Galaia

Galatx

Galat'ut

Galeu

Galicia defr.

Galicia New

Gnliemii Em p.

Galilee ' .

Galiopoli

Gallaici

Gallons

Gal/ata

Galk

Guiles

Gallia

Gallia Aquitaiuca

Gallia Belgica

Gallia Bracata

Gallia Celtica

Gallia Cifalpina

230, 232,

2Ili

504.
211.
30 I ..

5n.

505.
511.
233.

2d8.

GA GE

Gatigani

Gauge

Gavges jl. defc. 414
418, 421,431,29c

343, 344-
Ganhin Cafl.
Ganl^ing
Gap.'^
Gaiga
Garal-Afepja

474. 1 Garamantes

510,

272.

347-
345.

347-
209.

5u2.

97-
350.
272.
209,
512.

Garbele
Garbia
Gardlebcn
Garganm Mon.
Garonne. /.
Garret Prov.
Garjis
Garts

Grrumna fl.
Gafcoigne 191
Gafcoigne Sea

280. Gajlalla Dux

134

I39j

Gallia Narbonenfi's
Gallia Subalpina
Gallican Flanders
GaUimm
Gallienui
Gallions Fort
Gnllipoll 254,
Gallo Grecians
Galloway
GalliH

347;

2.^6.

2.0.
190.
191.

ibid,
ibid,
ibid.
190,
235.
191.
239.

175-
213.
3.52.

538.
381.
347
49
359

Gafteren
Gata Mon.
Gates Sir T/j.

Gaudia Mundi
Gaudiana fl.
Gaudix „
G'augamela
Gaul

Gaul Belgic\
Gauldalquivef fl,
Gaulos Inf.
Gauls 115, 190

43-

421..

417,
5294,

441.
ibid..
$11^

505.
485.

$06.
482.

497-
148.-
254.
199.

473-
474.
149,
193.
199.

193-
2-27.
239..

424-
between 574,
and 575.
139.

203,. 207».
212>

504,

1-93,
471,

L92,

207,

J77»

GambidFlUm. 293,41^5,505.
Gammadore 2^6.

' Gammalane Fort 29^, 459.

G^;

GAarcm defc. 4P'3,

Gabreta 511^.12-^^121^,
Hel Qddaport-, 538.

Gan

Ganabara
Gand

Gandaurum .
Gandia .
Gandicot ■
OangameLi .

511.

555.
175.
ibid.
213.

429.

35^.

Gauls flain

Gaunt

Gaures

Gautimaia defc.

Gayland

Gays) fl.

Gazjir Az^a^hir

Gebba

Gebha

Gebenna Mon.. .

Gedanum

Gedrofta

Geertrydenberg

Gee^i'

Oshauabat:

355..
129 >-

54-
209"*-
541.
198,248,
250.

253-
175-
39^-
533-

472.-
J 04..

473-
ibid/
ibid.
19?-

394-

3^4^

Sioi.

4^9*-
G&hlaclc_

Gehon §13.

Gehn , ibid.

Gelderhtnd 158, i58, 169.
Geldernac 184.

Gelders 169.

Geldria ibid.

Geldria Fort 428.

Ge//;en $11.

Gemaine 49^-

Gemblacum 183.

Gemblours ibid.

Gemen 389.

Gemuni 137.

Geiienoa 505.

Geneva 19, 230, 232, 234.
Geneva Lake 232, 234.
Genevenfis ComitatiH 237.
Ge/r)fef^ee Lake 232.

Geneura ibid.

Gengenbach 17,9.

Genges fl. 104.

Geimabum 197.

Genoans 227.

Genoiia defc. 19, 2.35, 241,
242, 311.
(?e««;z 241, 242.

Gwa $13.

St. GMr^s 353,36$.

Geo}ge Cajlrkt ' 273.
St. George 0/ t/;e 7Wf«e 29$,

$07.
St. Georges Inf. $30, 549.
St. Georges River $9^, 595,

600.
C?for^w ^?/c. 343, 344,369,
37?, 883, 397>362, 365.
Georgian Afm. 363.

Georgians 342.

St. G^or^fo 277, 278, 279.
Gerrf 405..

Geramc 285.

Gerafenii 210.

Gerata Mm. , 278.

GfJ-iJaff /n/. 487.

Gerii ibid.

Gerganti 258.

Gerg?o 499.

Gergnbia 200.

Gergobitia ibid.

Ge/7^ iff/. 290.

St. Oerttiaine^ 196.

tJE GT

St. Germaines en Lake's Trea

ty 149. 1

German 9 1 .

Germanla Inferior 157.

Gerrnania prima 12B.

Gertnania fecunda ibid.

Germany dejc. 18, ip, 21,
loi, 114, H5, n<5, 117.

Ge>7v« 391.

Gerfilpa 427.

Gerund a 21 j.

Gefalalit 496.

Gejlricia 69.

Getara 371.

Gefey • 97.

Gef«/z 404, 50}.

Ge^a/y 474.

Gevalia 69.

Gevinarienfis'de Gevinar loi.

Gewer in.

Gervau $13.

Ohedm 511.

G/;ee;^ 40 1 .

G^ewet 175.

, Gherfelvin 474.

Ghibellines 252.

G^/V /. 46$, 505.

Giagatay Tart. ^99.

Giamen 389.

Giamma 478.

Giamma Gheber ibid.

Gianutum Inf. 227.

Giaques 526.

GiavariPH in.

Giauher 491.

Gibal Tariff 211.

Gtbbeleth 353.

Gzi&ei vW&«. 45$.

Gibr alter 207, 2H.

Giddeport 390.

Gwr<r /«/. 289.

II Giglio Inf. 227,258.

Gz^^ 368.

[Gibon fi. 463.

Gz/rf« 394.

Gilbert Sir Hum. 615,621.

Gilberts Sound 622.

Gilead ^60^ 361.

Gi//4;?j ^rtfi;. 618.

GiM) 296, 459.

Cfn^f 430.

Gingiro 510.

GI GL GO

Giovanijfa

284.

Giovio jj.

285.

Girba

487.

Girgio

97, 497-

Girona

217.

Gifors '

ip5'

Givenego

40.

Giupujcoa

s'oS;

Giujlandil

268, 274.

GiT^e

497-

Glamorgan

33, 35-

Glan /,

144.

Gwr/Y:^ 229,

230, 23Z.

Glarona

ibid.

GUs-Hitten

no.

Glafco

39'

Glafhlogh

. 49'

Glat^

155.

Glaucw /.

366.

Glencarn

40,

Glocejier 3 1 ,

592, 608.

G/oo^jv

123, 157.

G/ofrf

40.

Glucljlat

5^.

Glyl^OEon

275.

Gmmdt

145.

Gnejf

232.

Gnoffm

290,

Goadefc. 294,335,424,444.

Go^ie/

394-

Gorf/re>'

54, 62.

Godfrey oi Bulloigne 182,360.
Godfrey Count of Pappenheim

147.

Godmercie Inf.

622.

Goederee Inf.

16 J.

Goeree Inf.

ibid.

Goes

ibid.

GoetJ(ins Major

609.

Gogni

347.

Ginam 511,

513, 518.

Golconda defc. 295,296,334,

344,424,428

,429,430.

Gold Coaji

507.

Gold Sterling

297, 3'5'

Gold and Silver

their Pro-

portion

298, 329.

Golden Caftile

294.

Golden Fleece

365.

Goletta

485, 486.

Golfe Du{;e

584.

Golfo di Agiotnana 274.

Oolfa

Golfo Ahmana
Golfo di Beito
Golfo de BengaLt
Golfo di Caps
Golfo di Contcfa

274'
487.
421.

487.
274.

Golfo di Movte Santo "ibid

Golfo di Pah 487.

Golfo di Rittjipo 274.

Golpho di Sidra 487.

Golpbo di Solocho ibid.

Golphe dc Drin 279.

Golpho Dello Drim ibid.

Gombo §ii-
Gombron defc. ^91,3^8,402,
405.

Gombru- 295..
G.omer To. and Rlv. 475.

Gomera Inf. ^ <7,i.

Gomcrians ■ * 11$.

Gomrou 405.

Gondolas 246.

Gmga 511.

Ganie defc. 368.

GonneviUe 624.

Gon^agaGens 227.

efo;)/<i L^^:. . 8d.

Gcr 4 J 7.

Gordijii ^6^.

Gorec^ 144.

Goree J/^. 295, 505.

Gorgades $ 34.

Gorgian 394.
Gorgona Inf. 2 27, 2 $8 , 559-

Cor^or^ ^71,519.

Cori flfeyc. 370.

Goricbemitm' 164.

Goritia 14 5.

Ooiitium ■ 144.

Gor/t:^ 227.

Gm^pt Inf. $00.

Gorl^m 1(54.

Gone ibid.

Gortyna 290.

Gortynia. Spici'Ja 290.

GoyZ»^/r 502.

G9/?rfr 152.

Gothahma 2.16.

St. Gothard 105.

G3fA.tnfj-HiIF; 122.

Gothburgutn\ 68.

Gotheberg ibid.

Gc/Aro - ibid..

GO GR

Gothland ibid.

Gor/;j 191, 204, 212, 215,
■ 226, 268, 270.

Gcf/;j- and Vandals 66.

Gotland Inf. _ ibid.

GotricHi 54) ^2.

Goft^ 147.

Gottemlet-g 68.

Gottingcn 152.

Gof^o //j/. 443, 447.

GottoYp 57.

Gouda, Goude 1 54.

Goulams 398.

Gouleor Caft. 419.

Goyam 463, $11.

Go^^o 7/;/^ ^91, 441.

Go;^o Por/-') 475.

Gr abates Fort 291.

Gradana 261.

St. Graciofa Inf. 5.30.

Gradifcha 261.

Gradifco 1^6.

GradifJ}- 98.

Gradti\a 261.

Groea 279.

Gk^cw i8, 277, 383.

Grxciam 143.

Grcecida Heraclia 91.

Grxcm 270.

Graffignana. 252.

Graicum 143.

Grampiw Moni. 40.

Grrffl io5, HI, 113.

Granada 203,207,211,2(54,
02,563,585,584, 585.

Granado 211.

Granatum ibid.

Grand BanJ^ '616.

Grand Signior 343,. 378,
379,380, 381, 382,383,
?84, 385,.

Grande 294.

Gr'ivuca fl. 350.

GriwicKf jf. ibid.

Gra7nt:!^a 277, 279.

G>w;/oH Batt. 199,229,230.

GratianopoUta 200.

Gratias a Dios ■ 5^4* '

Gratiompolk:-. 200.

Gn^/^;^ 143.

. Gf^x'e 186.

I G.r4iv//j;g^ 177.

GR GU

St. Gravenhaghe

Graves Wine

Gravionarum

Gray

Great Sound between

164.
190.
132.

12$.

574»

Grecians 270,

and 575.
271,303,304.

Grave ..'e/c. 269, 270, 271.
Greedy 395, 437.

Greenland 55,619,620,623.
Grecn-jjning Houfe 592.

Gree/ /.
Gre|o)7 Pope
Grejavalua jf.
Grenada Inf.
Grenadine Inf.
Grenoble
Greve

Grieffenhagen-
Grimalda Gens
Grimani
Gripfwald

183.
119.

583.

574^ 584'-
293,

2 CO.

199.
149.
242,

574-
149.

227.

Grifons 1 2 1, 1 26, 230, 233.

Grogo Mon.

Grngo Wines

Groi/;e

GroU

Groninghen defc,

Gronsfeld

Gros waxdeyit

Grojfea

Grotl^w

Grotta di Cane.

Grotton

Grubenhagcn

Grucl^

Guacocinga

253.
ibid.
209.
170,
171.
136.
98.
268.
157.
253,
6g8..
152.
144.
579'

Guadalajara Kingdom andL'
City defc. 582..

Guadalaviar 212..

Guadaleupe Inf. 2.9 3,. 574^ .

Guadalira

Guadibalber fi..

Guagida

Guainacapa 545,

Gualata

Guama

Guana h Mil Inf. .

Guanj'er

Guarguejfeit ■

GiMJiella.

Guatarla^.

293..

486,.
482...
560. .
$06.;
294^.-

575-
482^,

474-:-
24$^-
2o8»..

GiiathmlJini

55-9,

<4.?»

GLl GW GY

Gnatimda 293, 584.

Guaxaca P rov. defc. 581.
Guba 518.

Gubelbaman 591.

Gucheu 442.

GudemeT^ 501.

G«ei fl. 439.

Gueldres 2^6.

Guelfs 2 $2.

Guemund 159.

Gucndkot 429.

Guendra 518.

Guenga fl. 429.

G«er 471.

Gueret 200.

-Guergula 404.

Guefna 45585.

Guevetlan 583

Guaaran 481.

G«/Vo JHjf. E. X^frec/;t 173.
Guiennc 191, 194,199.
■Guilan 394, 397.

■Gmlielmine Branch 140.
■Guinea Neve 624.

<iuhiy 293, 294, 295, 507,

§08.
■GwTT)' African 624.

<juife 195.

Guldenbrv Count 60.

■Gulicl^ 1 27.

■Gnlph of Te/ifce 245.

<jKnj- invented 117.

■Guraghe 511.

■GuYcfntto 420.

■GHr^i/?.?^! 3(55,3(5(5,3^9,370.
<juyiel defc. 365,368,369.
■Gurt:^ fl. 103.

Gufman John 475.

•Guftavw de Vafa 66.

•Gufiion 150.

■Gutenburg John 128.

Gutsburg 137.

Gw)! of Jerufatem ^60.

-Guy John 615.

<}«)' of Lufignan 378.

G«y4«<i 2^3, 29$, 545,

560.

G«T/'''rf^ 41 7-

GuiQila 474.

GuT^untina 484.

Gwineth 33.

Gymiofiphijls 464.

GY GZ HA

GTihlctrva. i $6.

IIA

HAbafcia 510.

/r^j/j^jf 471,472.

Habech 5 1 o.

Habelch 381.

Habefch 5 1 o.
A^<i3ej//Hej- 5 1 o, 5 1 3 , 5 1 6, 5 1 9 .
Habejjina and its King 509,
513,516,517, 520,521.

Hacand ofar 405.

Hacluyt 419.

Hadea 511.

Hadeguh 475.

Haderfleban 58.

^-i^>/a! 608.

Hadley ibid.

Hadrian Pope 44.

Hadriana 349.

Hadriampolii ttj 2 .

Hadrumitum 486.

Hadwicl^ald 6p.

Hamn6 Mon. 267, 269.

^<t^rf Comitii 163.

Hagenaw €l8, 131.

Hagenoia 131.

Haggio Port Hi 278.

Hagijlcm defc. ^99.

Hagne 163.

ttficrtrt 417.

^di/o 434.

Hailbon 136.

Hailbrun i-^^.

HailpYun ibid.

Haimoi 4j6.

Haimbwg 143.

Hainan 442.

Hainault 158.

Hanigow 179, 180.

7/rf/rf 184.
Halberftadt 134, 135, 152.

/('rf/e/i 1S4.

Halenberg 123.
Halep defc. 351,352,381.

/I'ii/i 350.

Haliacmon fl. 286.

Haficarnaffw 143, 149.

;/4//c

87.

HaU

138, 146.

Hall Capt.

425.

HaU James

622.

Hallaboi

4.20,

Halland 55, 61, 66.

^/i//i 74/;/7^i-

267.

/^rf/y 3$^» 557,

587, 597,

405.

Haly

342.

Halys

350.

Hamacofiiis

376.

Hamah defc.

352.

Haman

352, 402.

Hamburgh defc. <,t

'>575 5 '2.

Hamder-Idah

477'

Hamelen

152.

HamersbecJ^

149.

Hamia

490,

Hamilton Caft.

40.

Hamlen

123.

Hammametha

486,

Hamom

352.

Hampton

608.

Hams

3-52,

Hanaw

135.

Hanchew 344-

440, 441.

Hatichun

413.

Hanchung

459-

Haneford

618.

Hanes

268,

Hanghad

482,

Hannibal 276,347,485,486.

Hannona

179.

Hannover

152.

Hannuye

184,

Hansberg Cafl.

58.

/^tnj- Towns

121.

Hanyang

440.

Haphnia

do.

Hapsburg

117,

Haram

395'

Haran

3$4'

Hardware

420.

Harefgol

481.

Haringtons Sound

between

574»

and 575.

Harlech

34-

Harlem

163.

Harlingen

172.

Harmawpolii

98.

HannaJJis

^70.

Harpagw

HA HE

Ndrpagw

348> 349

Harrington

595

Hartford Coujlt.

592

Hartford

do8

HartT^ivaldt

12^

Harvy Town

595

Has

580.

Hafcora Pro.

475.

Hafei fl.

351-

Hafjia 1 1 7,

i?3» 134-

Hattem

170.

Havan

354-

Havana

588.

Havana PoH

$66.

Have Is burg

148.

Havre de Grace

195-

HaverfordWeJl

3d.

Haveril

5o8.

Havilah

389.

Haufans a Fiih

107.

Hawas Jf.

$14.

Haynault defc.

179.

Hea Pro.

475-

Head of Africci

525.

HcbrAo Cajho

278.

Hebrews

354-

Hebrides Inf.

41.

Hecatowpelon

276.

HecatompolU Inf

290,404.

Hecatompylos

499-

Hecla mon.

617.

Hefelftein

137-

HefejUa

490.

Heide

57-

Heideba

58.

Heidelberg 122,

129, 130.

Heidul^es

103.

HeiterJJmm

135.

Helena

219, 290.

Helena Inf.

289.

Helenas Point

551-

Helenopolif

133.

Helfingia

69.

Heticapalifi

279.

Helicon Mons

ibid.

Heliodorm

27^.

Heliopolii

498.

Helim

i6j.

HeUr4

270, 271.

Hellen

270.

St. Heaens Inf .

295, S^6.

Hellenes

270, 271

HeUefpont 2^9, 272.

Helmjlat 61.

Helmondanm Andreas i%6.
Helmont ibid.

Helfingoburgum 61.

Helvetia 124,228.

Helvetii 228.

Helura 430.

Hemerfe Inf defc. 374.

352.
62.

354.355-

. 352.

420.
146.
179.
123.
592

Hemefa

HemingiHi

Hemit

Hems

Hendown

Heneberg

Henegow

Hengjhrberg

Henrico Count

Henricopolii or Henrys Town

592,593-
Henry lY. 485.

Henry Fort 295.

Nephxftiainf 441.

Hcphefiiades Inf 259.

Heracb 287.

Heraclea^ Heraclia 272,367.

HeracUm
Heradian Ojliarie
ffcr£ Inf
Herbi-Polk
Herchfeild

Hercules 275, 283, 226,
28?, 4i4>472.
Hercules Monad Portm 242.

492.
454.
^31.
132.
134.

Hercules's Pillars

HercuUs Prom.

Herculif Turrii

Hercyni

Hercynian Woods

Hercyno Phordia

Herendal

Herentals-

Heri

Hericberg

Herman Prom.

Hermanni Saxum

Hermanftein

Hcrmenfiat

Hertnepolii

Hermetis

Hermiones

207.

474-
488.

124.

97-
128.
66.
185.
391.
123.
48d.
129.
ibid.
97,98.
491.
500.
154.

HE HH HI

Hermonajfa or HermonaSlm
96.

Hertnopolit

Hernach fl.

Hern-Grmdt

Hero

Herod

Herodian

Herodotm

272,

500,
104.
110.

348.
359-
494-
271.

Heron Inf its Compafs and
Commodities 375,

Hertogen Bofch 1B6.

Hertogen Rode 187.

Hert^^egorina 262.

Uert^^ogtbumb 57.

HertTiogthumbLunenbourgi 52.

Uerverden

HerT^egovina

Uefdin

Ueffjbon

Hejiod

Uejperia

Viefperides

Heffi

Hejfen

Eejler

Uetruria

472;

123,

135.

266.

178.

3^0.
271, 279.
225, 451.
488, 534.

135.

I33.I34.
402.
251.

Pppp

Uetruria^ Florentina, Pifana^

Senenfis
Vieufden
Vieujfperg

Uewat:^, Hewathor
Bewefenfis de Bewec^
Uexameli Wall
Beximily
Heyn Peter
Uhabatb
Hiachan
Hibernia
Uidajpa
Uide Jonathan
Widekel fl.
Uidruntum
Hien

Hieracl^Arabi
Hieropoiit defc. 349.
High- Land
midebrand
Hildeflyeim
Hilsborougb
Hingbam
Hingodagul Neur

227.
164.
123.

103,

lOI.

'281.
273.
$66.
510.
411.
44.
418.

425-

363.

254.

442.

395.

352.

37.

254.

152.

48.

6o3.

451.

Hinboa

if.

Ill HO^

Uinhoa
Uipparchuf
Bippocrates
Uippocura
Hippo Kegiui
Uippopotamm
Hippm f.
Hirci^
Uming

Hifpahani defc.
Viijpalii 209.
mllijpania Bjctica
Uijpanfa Citer'm
U'lfpania Lufitanica
Hijpania Nova
ilijpania Terraconenfis
Eijpania Vlterhr
flijpmiola 2^3. defc.

UijperLi

Him

UittoYV Inf.

Hittoxif Redouit.

Hiurea

Hoaigan

Hoangchcn

Hoangti

Hocata

Uocen

Eockfiiu

Hodiiey

Uoeicbeu 440, 441

Hogi .

La Hague

Uohenftein

Uobe^oUeren '

UoJ(ien

IhUc

note

holeca

Holland

defc.

its Compafs
Hollanders their

441.

240.

375.
427,
485.

566,

500

58,

599
417
205

404
203.

203.
404.

565.
205.
462.
295.
ibid.
240.
441.
440.
438.
408.

397.
440.

34-

, 442.
420.

195.
147.
13/.
43^. 439-
133'
572.

158.

162.

153.

Country ,

and

HO HR HU

Holy-Croji Country
Holy-Cnfi Mountain
Holy-Ghojl /.
Holy-head
Holy Land

343,
359,

27 1 :

■]

553-
378.
588.

34-

358,
361.
295.
34-
557-
134.
280, 374.

<IO,

351

350

.■j6.Civ.& Mon.

Forts, &c, in We§t
Eaji Indies 29 5 , 2 9 6 .

Holland IJfei 16$.

Holland New ■ 624.

Holmia 68.

Holmjladt 152.

Holomane i$6.

Holfatia D. Eolftein'^6,$-],$d.

Holy Point

Holywet

Homagues

Romberg

Uo?ner

Homerites

Homile

Homolium

Homolui

IIon<tProv. 438,439

Honduras defc.

Hon-mauls

Honteiifis de Sag.

Hoochihaten

Hoogftraten

Horatii

Horeb Mw.

Hovdes

Hoy Mm.

Horn

Hornando

Horn Inf

Hornfand

Hornfound

Horfans

Hopjtnar

Hotchbrug

Houfe of God

Hout jf.

Hoytt

Hradifcb

Hradium Regin^

Htibbede

St. Hubert

Hubet

Hudfen 6i2, 622, 623

Hudfons fl. (5ol, 603, 606^
611, 6X2.

Hudfons Straights ^18.

388,

154,

440.
584.

453-

lOI.

187.
1-85.

2$0.
389.
409.
389.
166.

S19'
2^6.

<523, 624.
58.

393-

/42.

390.
189.
13d.
10.

155-

482.

182, i88.

482.

HU HY JA

Humain 481.

Humbojfes ' 453»^

Hungaria „ 18, 19, 21,

Hmgaria, its Mines, Soil,
Extent, Divifions 100,
101, 102..
Hungarian Revolt 143'

Hungarians 97.

Hungary 119..

Hungary over-run 110.

Hungerport 547. .

Huniades 97.

Hunjiingen 131.

Hunniades 2(57, 268.

Huns 101^110,115,188,

200, 22(5, 270..

Hwwj conquered 102.
Huquang Pro, 438, 440,

Huffars 103..

Hujj'ein 397.

Hufwn §8,

Hyaman defcs 389.

Hybla Mon. ' 2 $&, §41.-,

Hydajpk fl. 417;

Hydra 283,.

Hydrufa Inf. defc, 289.

HylicaFalnf 279.

Hymettw Mons 278, $41.

Hyperboreans 27B.
Hyppobole

Huen Inf..

Huefca

Huejfen

Hugh Capet

Hugomts

Hukenmet

HuU

59
212,

, 61.
213.

122.
192.

197.
380.
608.

Hypfipyle
Hyracb
Hyrcania
Hyjlereicb

394>

28.5..
287.

394-
401*
247.

Aarorpn defc, 403.

Jacatra 2^6, 455.

yacca 213.

Jackman Ch. 623.

J'Mks , 451.

Jacob 354»359--

Jacobins in Japan 446. .

Jacobites 342, 355.

Jadera its Scituation and

Fortification 26^,

Jadog 48^.

Jaen 2lo.

Jaen Segovia 584.

Jafnipatan 296.

Jagamte

JaganAte 421.

St. Jago <,66. Chit. 569.

St. Jag9 Compojlella 209.

St. /ago or James Inf. 535,

$47. Civit. 5$ I.

St. 7rfi:o delos Vallos $72.

St. /4;^.5 de EJiro Civit. 552.

St. Jago de Oautimala $83.

Jagodna. 267.

y^^j^ £(«/«/> c<i/). 548.

Jaicl^f. 409.

Jaic^a its Scituation and

Strength •2^2.

Jamaica Inf. 295. defc. from

5^7, tb 570

Jambay

417.

Jambi 29$,

295,455.

Jamboli 270

273,274.

/^/«6«

420.

James

6iS.

James Count, and Town,

5P2, 593.

St. James Bay

572.

James King

44.

James Town

$0.

St. James Port

538.

James Jf.

592.

Janagar '

420.

JanicuLt

225.

Janikarv

i$5-

Janizaries

. 385.

Jam:(^a

- 27-5.

Janna 270,

27s, 275.

Janoua

98.

Janpaudram Fort

295.

Jamper

420.

Janifi's Temple

248.

Jaocheu

440.

Japan 2^6.

fnf 344.

defc. 444, to 448.

Japan Inf Commodities ,

Coins, Weights and Mea-

fures 337,

338, 339-

Japan K.

62^

Japanners

445-

Japan Tones or Princes 44^.

Japara

4^5.

Japatra

295.

Japetw

342.

Japhet

377.

Japodum Paha

14.5.

Jaqueline

180.

JA IB IC ID JE

Jaflonvic 87.

Jafon 287, 355.

Jafi or Jajfum 95.

Jajjia 285.

Java Inf 293, 29^, 344.
defc. 454, 455.
/rft/^i Oyfters 455.

Javan Mark-Poll of Venice

, 45^-
Javarisnfis de Oerver loi.
Javarin 105, no.

Jarver 157.

Jaieirey 354.

7'<:^;'^e fee Jaic:^a.
Ja^yges 97, 100.

/i&.^ri 202, 203,

Iberia 202, 255.

Iberians 257, 270.

//^e>'W /. 202, 213.

Ibrahim 35.5, 403.

/tvzrw //;/. its Compafe, Soil
and Air 374.

Icarm ibid.

Iceland dt^c. 616.

Ice 'Point 623.

Ice-Sound ibid.

Ichneumon 495.

Ichnufainf . 258.

Ichoglans 379-

Iconium 347, 380.

Icofmm 492.

/!?7/;zV//r In/. 374.

/di'j M)/!. 290, 350.

Idalcan 494.

/tj't'rf //;/. 290.

St.Idlfonfo 581.

/a'/.t 59.

/(/>7rf 145.

/!^7?re/n 135.

Jubeda 2o5, 207, .2 13.

Idum^a 351.

St. 7e<«n in Mmiena Valle

238.
Jedimg ^9.

/e^o 445, 44^.

Jegerndorf 157.

/eIw/2 5/^ and iiis Wealth

415.
Jelphey 400.

/e/we« 391.

Jeminy 420.

Jempterland 66.

P p p p 2

jE IF IG IH JI It

Jimptia 66.

jena 147.

Je/ji io5.

>/>/<:? 275.

Jenkin 439.

jenupar 417,

]ermanicm 6$.

]erna 44.

jeroajllau 73.

Jeroboam 359.

J^ufalcm, its priftine Gran-
deur and prefent State
359, 300, 35i.

Jefelbajii 394, 410.

\ejfelmere 417, 420.

J# 342,447><^25.

J?/z/rf/ 417.

Jefnits in /rfj''«« " 445.

Je^^^^e y7. 148.

jeBT/ 359,350.

jetpx _ 401, 403, 437.

ye>vy Circuracifion 519.

Jejvj, their Coins, Weights,

and Meafures 328, 329,

330,351.

]ews^ their feveral tonus
of Government, Capti-
vity, Return, and Dc-
ftrucition 359-

Ifat 511.

Ijrichea 462.

Ijriquia ibid.

Igilgili 483.

Igilium 227.

Igla^Iglaw I $5,

Ignatius Loyola 214,218.

//w>- 295, 433.

Jirrvin 40.

//. /lt?/;^>-9 21$.

//<?}•;/. 138.

Iliberii 219*

■Ilippa Italica 2 10,

Iliturgi ibid.

Iliturgii ibid.

7/^4 iQand 4i'

///erjf 219.

Illiria 262.

lUiricum 122, 252.

lUiricum Uodiernum 260.

Illirii 262.

Ills fi. . 122, 140,

Illjh.f i^tO.

Iil\berfs

IL IM IN JO

IllyberU 219.

Ilment 394.

Una Inf. 226, 227, 258.

Jlurgif 210.

Jmanorv Ofera "9-

Imnw Mms 350.

ImbrHi Inf. 288.

Imegiagen 475-

Imretta dcfc. ^66, 369.

Imperi.ile Civit. 551.

Imperial Flanders 175.

//jd( /. 149'

Inacim Jf. 285, 280.

InariM . 492.

/rtCrtV K's of i't'iK 5 56.

IncibtlH 213.

Indapout 2^6.

India 343, 344. Its Extent,
Ancient Inhabitants and
Invafions 414.

Indian Ifles 44^, to 4^0.

Indibilii 213.

Indion 410.

/n^/*^ /. 343, 387, 393.
defc. 41(5,417'

Infer iw Traje^um 16B.

Ingena 195.

Ingerland 70.

/«^« C/m« 408.

//J^// 442.

Ingolftat ■ 139.

/flgr/rt 6By JO.

Ingul and 'L'm^w/ 90.

Ingulifoot 6i6.

Inipj Corfey 47.

Iniflil^Uing 49.

//;« /. 122, 140.

Infa 218.

/////He 499.

Infpruck 145.

//i/?<ff 1 40.

Infubres 243.

Infubiu Laciii 234.

//i/h/j? Fortunata ■ 531

Interpreters of the Bible Se-
venty 493. their Lodg-
ings 496.

Inyames 4 §2.

W .295-

]oan the Pucelle de Dieu 197.

Jo<in//4, Joannina 2j6.

Joanna Inf. $39.

JO IP IR IS

]ob 380.

Jocherv 440.

St. Jo/;/j 375-

St. Jo/;/7J Fort 294.

Jo/;/i George Eleftor of Sax-
ony 1 45.

Jo/;/i of Leiden 135.'

Jo/;h 5w^;« Martyr'd 1 $0.

St. ]<iiins Town . 39.

St. .Jr)/;/?^ $96.

St. /o/;// Silver Mines 582.

St, John City ibid.

St. John de Vdoa 580.

St. /o/;// of Jerufdem Hof-

pitallcrs 541.

St, /o/j// flft' Nova. $39.

7o/j// fl'e C<«/?''o $28.

St. Johns Flumen. ' $06.

John Inf. 457.

/o/ . 482.

Jombo 451.

lomnlum Municipitm 483.

7o/?ii ////. 4 1 .

Jonda 447-

/onejr 271.

Ionia 34<5.

/o///rf/i Iflands 291.

Ionian Sea 2^9, 287.

]onquera 218.

]ornandes 66.

Jortam 455.

Jofeph K. of Fei 481.

Jofephs Well 498.

Sf /q/e])/;j- City 4*5 1.

Joy7;«^ 359.

/o/?na'rf 447-

/o/fo/j 45$.

ijt»o//z /. 106.

Ipren, Ipres 177.

Ipfxvich 608.

/r^/i 394.

Ireland 18,19,21,43,44,45.

St. Irene 224.

7m . 44, 285.

Irif} 37, 45.

Irhtndia 44.

Irlandt ibid;

7r/iM ibid.

TjTrfJe/ 47.

7/d«r?(« 34(5.

Ifchtmunein 491, §00.

T/c^/rf ////. 259.

Ti^e//. 122, i^i, 1^5, 170.
Ifelaud 55.

7/er /. 122, 139, 140.

Ifera yo.

T/f^rto^r defc. ^5^.

IJhmael 5 85.

Ifhnaelites ■ ibid.

ijlmael Sophi 393, 398.
Ifljmael the Second 371.
Ijhmnel Sephi 355.

7//^fre 210, 500.

7///Z 15^.

7//V • 464.

Iflands about 4/^.j iWz/7o>-,

the'ir Map and defc. from

373, to 378.
Iflands of Salt 535.

Ifla de las Velas 458.

Ifle de Elbe 226,

Ifles in Danube 104.

Ijlesby 1 17.

Ifles de Ladrones or Larrones

, ■ 458.

I/le Picas Fragifos 46^.

Ifmar 348.

Ifmer 347.

Ijna 494, 502.

7/|'f 502.

Ifnich 347.

Ifnigimid ibid.

Ifoburgupt 148.

Ifocrates 271.

7/c)/^ _ 541.

^o/rt Brugiala 289.

^()/<T i^'ff Tremeti Inf. 259.
/ji/'rtA-i// 295,296,342,344.
defc. 395, 397, 399.

7rM(?/ 259.

Ifraelites, their Forms of

Government , Conqueft

and Captivity 359, 360,

3di.

Ifle of France ' 194,196.

ilfeljieyn 16$.

Ijfw,its feveral Battles 350,

353-

Illampoli^ 2ji.

IJler fl.' 122,268,

Iflmian Games 281 .

Ijlria, Iftrie 226, 247, \'69.
lih-opol'if, Iftros 263.

IJiula 82.

Ifnan

IS IT JU

I/nan 49 1:
Italian Women

502.
234.

Italica

210.

Italy

Italy defc. 22$,
. Its Map
Ancient Names

18.
234.
225.
ibid.

Soveraign Priiices

225,

227.
Italy its Scituation, Bounds,
Rivers, Cities, Language,
Nature and Manners of
its Inhabitants , Hours
and way of reckoning
their Day 234.

Religious Iloufes, Hofpitak,
Divifion, Palaces 23$.
Iterami 2 50.

Ithaca Inf. 247,291:

Itjopia, Itjopiawjan 510.
Ituna Mfiiv avium 59.

Iturgii ft. 123.

Ityca 48$.

St. Juan Inf. 4^j.

Juan Fernandes Inf. 551.
St. Juan del Putero Rico^jo.
St. Juan del Porto de los Ca-
V alios 584.

Juba 486.

Jucatan $79, $82.

Judah 559, ^60.

Judea 3 59*

Judiiigne 184.

Juerna 44.

JuernU 4^.

St. Jues Man. 548.

Juga Afturum 206.

Jnga Carpetana 207.

Ju^a Carratanorum 218.
Juites 1 48.

Jnitland 60.

Julia Cxfarea 482.

Julian Count Bettica 483.
St. Julian Port 547.

Juliers 126,127,135.

Julinum 149.

JuUobona 141 •

Jjiliobrica^ Juliobriga 21$
Jjtliui Agricola 34,

JmUw C^far 492, 493,
JmUhs Magw 197.

JmUhs Severw 359,

JU JW IZ KA .

Julium 212.

Julium Cornicum 144.

Julium Vacorium ibid.

Julpba Old 35$.

JulyaLybica 218.

Juncalaon 433.

Juncaria, Junquera 218.

Jungcheu 440.

Junguing 441.

Juning 440.

Jumping 439.
Junnan Prov. defc. 438,442.

Junonia Major $31;

Jumnia Minor ibid.
/«;>/>?>• 290, 343, 377.

Jupiter Hamon 488.

Jupiter Olimpiiu's Temple

277.
/i^(3)7 Coaft
/«>-rt, Jurajfiii Mon.
Jurea

Jujiine Emp.
Juftingen
Juftinian Emp.
Juftiniona Prima

Juftlff

Jutia

Jutland

Juvania

Juverna

Juxartes ft.

Jrvaaogorod

\paan defc.

4oS

507.
193.
240.
408.
138.
494.
274.

125.

55-
. 57-

140.

44.
410.

KA KE KI

Kancheu

Kapil

Karabag

Karafara

Kareif

Karl^Ue

Kars

Knrsbad

Kafan

Kafcaw.

Kafel

Kaffel, Kaffletum

Kaffen Bajfer

Kaffiifs-

Ka^ay

St. Katharines Ifle

Kattia

Kaufbigeren, Kaufburen 139

Ka^vin 403

Kecchio, Kel^o defc. 434

Kelang 443

Kelmhel ft. ^66

Kem defc. 404, 405.

Kempt em Campidunum 1 38

Kemptott

Kenebecl^

Kenerof

Kent County ^^2

Keplawicl^ Haven

Kerata Mm. •

440.
458.
394.
3SS-
274.
295.
354, 381.

295*
104.
500.

177-
421.

49 7-
438.
29 s.
457-

KerliU Mm.
Kermon

399. Kern.
I Kerry
Kers

421.

288.
417.

371-
281.
123.

^5-

KAchemire
Kaera
.Kal^res
Kal^t defc.
Ka^ifcalia
Kalenberg Man,
Kali(h
KaUa
KaUenberg
Kallioubich Minio
Kalmucl(^ Tartars 358,410
Kalo m. Fl. 104

Kaloys 274, 278

Kalufa 390,

Kamiemli, 82,87.

Kefel Baflii

KesJ^r

Keteri

Ketlcr

Kettale Tree

Keur€ux_

Kexholm

Kiadgft

Kiahing

60.
497-

$t.\Kiang ft.
Kiangnang
Kiangnan
Kianguing
Kiangfi ■
Kiaivafh
Kibros Inf.
Kichmer

1^6.

608.
422..
5oc..
5i8.
278.
374-
397-
502.

51, 52.

90, 91.

398.

394-
608.

85.
452.
1 04.--
70.
438..
441.
440.
438.
441.
ibid.
440.
590..
381..
421.
KicuJ^ang

343

m KL n

KN KO KRKU

KYXA

Kiml^Ang

,440.

Knighton

35.

Laboya

296.

Kic§an

ibid.

Knocl^fergHi

48.

Labfe

381, 391.

Kiel

$7-

Kmtfenbwg

170.

Labu

49.

Kielme Fort

294.

Knotty Point

523.

Labarpth Egypt

343.

Kienchang

440.

Kobanmga

447-

Lacamwia

79.

Kiemlng

441.

Kodgiafar

$55.

Lacedcemon

284.

Kijahall

490.:

Koge

do.

Lacedsmonianr

271, 226.

Kiicli^Overal Fort

295.

Kola

78.

Laciburginm

1.51.

Kilan

395

Kolding

58.

Lacinium

ibid.

Kildare .

4-5, 47-

Kolofivar

p8.

Laconia

282."

KUkem)C

45,47-

Komara loi,

io(5, III.

LaiiantiHs

485.

Kilia

268.

Konigsberg

84.

Ladesho

71-

Killala

§0.

Konigfeel^

137.

LadifliiHf.Kmg

84.

KtUab

• ibid.

Koningbe\\

no.

Ladog

485.

Killahrv

49.

Koningsgrat^

155-

Ladoga

7*> 79-

KiUict

96.

KoniffotT^ a Fo///7j .General

Ladoga Lake

70.

KillUeagh

.48.

88.

Ladracarta

401.

Kilmalnc\

52.

Koppenhagen

60.

Lafanto

254.

Ktlmore

49.

Kori defc.

370.

Lagan ?

4.5.

Kimi

69.

Korfoer

60.

Laganwater

49.

K/^Ao, KifioKQ- Inf. 289.

K. of Scien

85.

Lagenia

4$^

Kincheu

441.-

Krabaten Mon.

123.

Lago di Como

234, 244.

Kings County

45-

Krakebar

29<5.

Lago de Antacon

502.

Kingfale

.46, 52.

Krain

144.

Lago de Lugano

234, 244.

Kingftown

46.

Krainburg

ibid.

Lagunes

246.

. Kingcheu

440.

Krai/i /.

104.

Lagiti

•224.

Kinghung

442.

Kralowiliradet:^

155.

Lagufa Inf.

289.

Kingyang

439, 442.

Kreifi or CTeut:(^

101.

Lahac'Atn

144.

KJnboa

441.

Kremetenagrod

77-

Lahetzan

394'

Kinros

40.

Krempen

55.

Laholm

61.

Kiobenbaven

.60.

Kremfier

■1^6.

Labor 344,

417, 419.

Kiojf

87.

KromeritTi

ibid.

Laia^T^o its Battles 350.

Kiotai

947, 580.

Kronjiat

p8.

Laibacb

144-

Kiou

87.

Kudac\

84.

Lal(en Gate

182.

Kiovia

2d8.

Kufa

357» S90.

Laland

$9,61.

Kircubright

40.

Kmftliammer

148.

Lalibala K.

517-

Kirliwal

.. 41-

Knpudan

381.

Laly

3^a.

Kirmian 994.

defc. 405.

Kurfi. 3(53,369,

37o> 394-

Lama

412.

Kiron defc. '

413.

Kufirin

148.

Lamalmona 512

Mon. 518.

Kiunchew

442.

Kuthen

408.

St. Lambert

188.

Klegen

134.

Kutnahora

355.

Lambina

280.

Knights of Avi<

222.

Kuttenberg

ibid.

Lambrarouni

278.

Knights of the

Order of

Kylan

394-

Lambro fl.

244.

Chrift

ibid.
nies ibid.

l^ambrm fl.
Lamia

ibid.

Knights of St. J a

276.

Knights of St. jfohn de Acre

Lamina

275, 27<5.

375.

Lamnium

483.

Knights of St. Johnpijeru-

T Aar defc.'
1 -/ Labacl^

402, 403-

Lamon

528.

falem ^j6

540,541.

144.

Lampadofa

486, 487.

Knights of Afalta

48(5,487.

Labe fl. '

123.

Lampin

186.

Kniglrts of the Tedgnick^Or-

Laberm

45-

Lancand

442.

der

i32.

^^k/Kingd.

■469.

Lancajler Count.

$92.
Lamajier

LA LE

Jjtncafier Towa

Lancerota

Lanciano

Lanckiit

Lancit:^

Landen

Lctndgravedoms

Landrecium, Lmdrecy

Landjlmt

Lttndjperk^

Lanercuni

LAnesborow

LangacJ(er-Sances

LangUnd 59

Lango Inf.

Langi'es

Langue de 0()th

Languedoc 191, I94)

Langur fl.

Lanjang

Lanigara

Lanio Inf.

Lanric

Lctnfo'oon

Lantore

Lao Kingd.

Laodice, Laodicea 953,

Laodicea defc.

Laodice Cabiofa

Laon

Lapatba, Lapathia.

Lapif Laxuli Mine

LapU fpecuUr'a

Lapland

Laplata defc.

Laponia Denmar\

Laponia Sueclca

Lapponia

Larache

Laredo

Larel^ Inf.

Larentoque Fort

Larica

Lariccho ■

Laricw LacHS

Lariu^

Lariffa, Larl^ defc.

Lnrr
Larrach
Larucca Port
Lafdnnen Chwch

60B.
551-

2<4.

85.

86.
184.
134.

180.

140.

40.

47'

172.

61.

Lafia Irif. defc.
Lajfa.

Lajiln Mons
Lathon jl.
LaXinui
Latmiii Mons
Lavanmynd
Lavanti Ojiium
Laudicha
LaudmuTTL
Lavemondt
Lavenitz^
Lavera CrUT^
Lauffnitz^ jj.

374.
411.

290.
488.
2.50.
5-50.
144.
ibid.

353-
195.
144.

147.
§80.
105.

2$0

yj •i,..\ Lavima

* 196. 1 St. Laurence 215. F/. 2 9 3 .

191.

200.
7,66.

433-
482.
288.

40.

62.
459-
435.
402.
348.

353-
195.

560.

622.

623.

552.
70.
69.]
68.

294.

208.

296.

294.

460

377,
244
234.

2755
276.
403.
472.
377-
»73'

St. Lrfwrence Ifland 537

St. La:«Ke?ice Bay 614.

St. Laurence R. •621.

Laurentini 2$o.

Lauriacum 143.

Laurigi . 213.

Lauro ibid,

Laurm ibid.

Lawona ibid.
Laufanna, Laufonlim 233.

Laufdun 165.

Law Pompeut 244.

Lauinit:^fl: I55«
,Lawenberg and its Dutchy

defer ibed I53'

Lawrence Cajier 163.

Laj^arch

La^ara

Leander

Leaotum

Lebaca

Lebadea

Lecca

Lechpn

Lecl{^ Flnttii

Lee JJ.

Leewarden

«ega Delia
ega Grift

$91.

350.

272,348.

413.

491.

279.

254.

81,87,154.

122, i68.

44> 52.
172.
233.
ibid,
Leghorn^ its Commodities,
Coins, Weights and Mea-
fures 312, 313.

Legio prima Trajana.: 129.
Legorndefc. 252.

Leige 188.

Leighmgh 45-

Lein 45.-

Leinjier 41,44,45..

Le/pj/ci^iamous for two Bat«
telsnearit 147.

Leitb 39*

Leithland 71.

Leitmerit:^ 155.

Leman Lake 232,233,238k
Lemanu4 LacHi 513.

Lemavkum 199.

Lemberg 87*

Lembro Inf. %B8,

Lemgorv 136^

' Lemnos Inf 383. defc. 287^
288^
LemQvicum i^p*

Lempta 505.

Lens 179.

LentulM 301..

Leo Geographer 387*.

Leodkum, Leodmm 188;
Leon 582.

Leon defc. 216..

Leona 197. -

Leondari 285-.

Leant das -280. .

Leonta{i 285.

Leontini Lake 257. The.
prodigious Revenue of its
Fifhery 257.

Leopol 87. .

Leopolds Vit 110.

Leovardum 172.

Lepanti, Lepatito defc. 280, .
285, its Scituation, For-
tification , Gulph, Sea-
fight, Sieges and Trade
280.
Lepanto Battle 291.

Lepeda^ Lebeda 487.

Leponti 221, 122.

Lepfina 27&.

Leptii 487. .

Lenda 217..

Lerma 2x2.

Lerna Lake • 283. .

Leman Hydra 286..

Lero Inf its Compafs and'
Commodities 375«

Lesbos Inf defc. 374.

I Le/c4/-(? 377*

I Lefcoa^ Lefcov'ut 267.

Leftn^

LE U

Lejlna Lake

2<4.

LeJJina Inf. its

Corapafs ,

Strength, Trade, Scitua-

tion

263.

Letbe^ l.etbon fl'

488.

Letoa Inf.

291.

Letrim C.

49.

Letr'm R.

47-

Letten ^

71.

Levant

248.

Leucada , Leucdi

Inf 'defc.

291

,292.

Leucnrum

35«

Leuca/ia Leucotheon

37^.

Ledrinfis Leutheon defc

ibid.

Leucheu

441.

Leucktemberg

154.

Lend Atmt.

290.

Lend Liberi

126.

Leucopibia

40.

Leucophryn Inf. its Scituati-

on, and Commodities,

373

,374-

Leucorif

148.

Leucqfia Inf.

288.

LeuHria and its Bat.

279.

Leverdut

172.

LeveJ}ein

164.

Levia

185.

Lewarva defc.

451.

Lervee

185.

Leroentx^

112,

115.

Lewes de Tomplco

579-

Lemn

2915.

Lewii

41.

LewH Bi(h. of Mmfler

154.

LewUXVi. of France

181.

St. Lewis

500.

Lewk fl.

600.

Lexoviorum Civit.

ic)6.

Heyden

122

, 1(54.

Leyden Inf.

296.

Leytha fl.

lod.

Lbaraii

472.

Liaeura Mns

280.

Vtamp9 •

441.

Liba Nova

274.

Libadia

277

279.

'Libanm Mons

342.

Libeten

110.

Libophxnicia

485.

Libophmces

ibid.

Libyph^nices 48$.

Ijbwnideft InfuU 26 5 .

Liburnw Portm 252.

Libya defc. 587'.

Libyci 239.

Licoura Mons 280.

LkurgiU 494.

Lido Caftle 246.

Lie flu. 179.

Liefl^nfljoekyort 185.

Liege 128.

Liege defc. 187,188.

Liemheu 442.

Lietor -210.

Liffie R. 44. 45, 47.

Liganm-flu. 231.

Ligerii fl. 191, 193.

Ligne 179, 180

Ugnit^ 157

Ligor 295,295,433

Liguria 241

Lignrians

Ligurian Tflands

Ligurian Sea

Ligujiicum Mare

LiJ(iang

LiUa

LiUcTlfle •

LiUey

LiUo Fort

Lima 294, $$8,

Limxra

Limburg^ Limburgum

138, 158, 187.
Limeti 90

Limfird Bay
Limifo defc.
Limiffo

Limmerian Bofphorm
Limoges

LI LL

Linga flu. 217.

Li"i^ 135,

Lintiiang 440.

LinlithqM gp,

Li/rf;^ 142.

Lf/y^o 439.

Lionoife 191, 194, 200.

Lions its Scituation, Weights
and Meafures 313,314.

259.

ibid.

442.

122.

135.

Limofa
Limoftn
Lime
Limricl^

Lin

Linca, Linea

Liming

LincQping

Lindaw

Lindum

Lindm

199.

585.

191, 194, 199.

608.

51, 5

LiparaYdt Inf.

Lipari Inf.

Liping

Lippe Flum.

Lippe a Count

Lipfia famous for two Bat

J ties near it 147.

\Liptovienfis aLLypc^e 101.

o. Lire ' 185.

Lirimirk 57.

Lif fl. 175,189.

Liibon defc. 222,223,224.

Lifbon its Coins, Commodi-
ties, Weights and Mea-
fures 314.

Liiborn 1 7.

Li/imachia 272.

Lifenore §2.

Lifnagarve 48.

Lifoniie 144.

Liife 253.

LrjfJW 254.

Lithuania i8, 81, 84, 85,89.

Litlandia 71.

Litomier^tt:(e 15$.

Little Eag Harbor 501,503.

Livadia 270,271.

Livadia Lacm 279.

Livadio ibid.

Lz-y^j/ff 277.

Lrvirf 218.

Livonia 68.

Livonia or Lifland 7 1 ,8 1 ,8 5.

Lm)72 V. Leghorn
5 2^ ^ivorna
187 *i

ibid.
258.
241.

227.
440.
280.

175-
144.
18$.

$59-
284.

13-5

58.

375-
§40.

5o8.
218.

439-

58.

139.

39-
375'

Lz'*, Lixa, Lixos

Li^^ard

Lizx^

Llanbadernvaw

Llanbeder

Llandaf

Llant Elwy

Llanfainan

2$2.
472.

549-
353-
35-
ibid,
ibid.

.34-

ibid.
Llanvcfldin

LL LO

VanvePAin

?4-

'Llanvilling

ibid.

Verda

217.

Uevia

218.

Llintegid

34-

Llivia

218.

Uyn Savatan

35-

Loiidfiones of Bohemia 155.
Loanda Inf. $22.

L-ian^hi 523.

Lo'rrc^at fl. 2 1 7, 21 8.

Locitrn 227, 230.

L U7 ? Epicmmides 280.

Locdda 274.

Locrii Opuntii 281.

Looi OT^eloYum 280.

Z-ocm 254,280.

i-ocrif (9;^o/je 277.

£oii 224.

Liiwi Gulpli 2<55, 275.
Loghar 95.

Logvmnio 215.

Li?/;? 460.

Z.9/re /. 191, 193.

Lombards 226.

Lombardy 23$.

Lomond Lake 40.

London 29, 30, 5o8.

London its Coins, Weights
and Meafures 314, 315,
315, 317.
Z,oni/o7i Coaft 52 2.

London-derry 48.

Longabards loi.

Lfl/i^ i/7iinrf 29$. ^e/c. i5n,

<5l2.

Longford 45. Town 47.
Longobardia 226.

Longone Porta 258.

LongueviUe 19$.

Lopadufa 487.

Loquabar 40.

Lorraine, Lorreign 19, 122,-

125.
Z,or>-<«/ne Duke his Aft. 108.
LoYcarnum 233.

I-orc/j 143.

Loren:^s Chappel in Florence

251.
Loretto 249.

Z-w i//ew 294.

Lw Infantes ft, $25.

LO LU

Loj iie>'ei Frov. 559.

Lofanne 233.

Lotaphogites 487.

Lotharingia 125.

Lotbarius Emp. 57.

Lovaine defc. 183.

Lof tf/« Gate 182.

Loudre j^6.

Loventinam 35.

Lo«^6 C. 45j 49-

Z^ow^^ f 07/ff 49.

Lough-Meagh 52.

LovM 295.

/.wwj- //;/! ^23.

Lour eb under 420.
Z,5)v-Cow;ti7adcfcrib'd 157,
158, 159-

1.0X4 212.

LubecJ^ 55.

Lubecll its Coins, Weights,

and Meafures 318.

L^ie:;;^ 483.

I.jf3//n 85.

Lubiinium ibid.

Ljjl^omirsky ibid.

I-«Cd 1 9.

Lmanus LacHS 234.

St. Z,WCrfK 210.

Z.«c^ /«/. 291.

Lucaya Ifles 295.

Lucayes Inf $9$.

Lucayon Inf. $75.

Lucca Repub, defc. 252.
L«cc<« 227, 235, 252.

St, Lwce /»/. §35.
Lucemburgum^ Lucesburgum
158, 180, 1 8 1,
Luceriay Lucern 229, 232,
234.

Z,«cej« Lake 232.

Lucht ember g 140.

St. L«CM Bay 538.

St. Lucia Inf. 574.

Lucl(manier 121.

Lucian 352.

Z.«c'o« 457,

Z.«c«w Aflurum 209.

L«t-«x ibid.

Li<c«i- Augafti ibid.

Ludovifia Gens 227.

L«i iv. 35.

Z,«j 229.

<^q q q

LU LY

Z,«^(£^ Pains I4§.

Lugam Lacus 244.

L«^<3!;j 227, 230, 234.

Ldgdunum 200.

Lugdunum Batavorum 164.
Lugewaen Inf. 295.

Lugeum 145.

Lugg.xn 440.

Z,«/^o 209.

Luickeu 442.

Z.«ic(;^ ' i88.

/,«/(? 71.

£«/« dp.

Luna z Wood 123, 124.
Lm£ Mons 207.

LunSurgum 152.

Lunden 57, 5l, 150.

Lunenbourgh 1 36'.

Luneiibourgh and its Dutchy

defcribcd 151,152.

Lnpiasy Luppia fl. 122.

Lufatia 146, 147.

Lujitania 204, 221.

Luflowa 90.

Lutetia 196.

Luther 62, 117, 148.

Lutheran Women 148.

Lutzeljlein 130.

Lut:^en fjmous for a Battle

near it 147.

Lawertzee 234.

Luxenburgh and its Dutchy

defcribed i8o, 181.

Luxenburn,Luxenburgum 158,
180, 181.
L«a:er $02.

Luxout 1 24.

Lj'^M 4^1, 504.

Lycaonia 34^.

Lyc£us mons 286m

Lyche^ 353-

Lychnidus 274.

Lychnidion ibid.

Lychnittus ibid.

Z,^cw 34^.

LycopolU 501.

Lycurgus 271, 277.

L}c«y /. 122, 348.

Z.^i/rf 34'^.

I^-gwy 271.

Lyon o/f^e .Se<« 525.

i^o/ii' 200.

Lyferif^d

LY MA

Lyperhza fl.

26-1.

Lypfocalal'm Inf.

288.

Lyrnejfus Inf. its

Scituation

and Commodities 373,

374.

,Lyf<indiTr

271.

£.}'fiux

lc/6.

JVI Mibra

$00.
58^1,

Mitcao

294, 442.

Micarea Inf.

374-

Macarariu Inf.

375.

dcfc. 575,

377, 378.

St. Macareus

499.

Macajjar 206. <

3efc. 459.

M.tcajfay Gold

339-

Macataybo Lake

563.

Mixcayan

295.

Maccabees

354-

Macedo

273.

Macedmct

1 8, 2Ii

Macedonia defc.

270,273.

Macedonia propria 273.

Macedonians

393-

Macerata.

249-

Macberan

394. 395.

Machonn Fort

459-

Macleneth

34.

Macin

391.

. Maclcvium

195.

. Macolicum

43-

Macra

274, 4^0.

Macrii Inf.

287, 374.

Macronifa Inf

289.

Macronnefus Inf.

290.

Di Madara mon.

ibid.

Madagafcar Inf

293,295.

^^fi- 433' 537

, 538,539-

Madera 294.

Inj. 435.

Madia

227, 230.

Mxdre fl.

350.

Madrebomba

295.

■ Madrejpatan

ibid.

. Madrid 207,208

defc. 215.

Madrid its Coins

318.

Madritum

215.

Madure

427.

Mmus fl.

122, 141.

M^nnla 546.

Mxotan Sea ' 90.

MAotkPalus 3^(5, 357.
Atxres mon. 420.

Maes fl, 122, 128, 16^.
Maefland 186,

Maeftreich 188.

Magadoxo 528.

Magaftcr <,'2,-j.

Maga^a 475, 414.

Magaxin Inf 48 4.

Magji 3 5 .

Magdeburg and Diocefs 153.
Magellan 457, 547, 549.
Magellan Straits 540 to 549.
Magelldnia 54dt0 55o.

MageUaniH 208.

Maggiorc Ldko. 233, 244.
Magi 389.

Maginui 247.

Magiordecl^ ' ^86.

Maglnr 100.

Maglona 34.

Magna 35.

Magney 4j^6.

Magnut^a 209,

Mago . 485.

Magontia, Magon^a 128.
Magrdi Vallii 227.

Magribon 4^2

Magrida 48 <5.

Magrieteninf 295.

Afahadia. 485,486.

Mahamore 294.

Maban Caftlc 39.

Mabmora Civit.' 471.

Mahomet the Great 2(57.
Mahomet 2. 284.

Mahomet 3. 268.

Mahomet Prop. 383, 397,

. 399, 479-
Mahomet s Tomb 390.

Mahometans Principles and
Pilgrimages 383, 384,
389, 390.
Mahometanifm 343,344,384
Mahomitta ' 486'.

Mahren _ 156.

Mdbumetans 459.

^rfz/j/i 283, 284.

/W/awe 191, 194, 197.

Mainland 41.

MA
Maint:^ 128.

^^^P /. 483.

Majorca ' ig.

Majorque Inf and its Inhabi-
tants 213.
iltoVc? 547.
/>^rj«//e 455.
Mukgwit^ ;ii3.
Malabar, Malaver 295,295,
.424 _ rf'tyt'. 426.
Malabar Pepper 343,452.
Malaca 212.
Malacca 2^6, 342. fl^t'/c.

433*
Malacha 389.

Afalaga 212..

Malaga its Scituation,Coins,

Weights and Meafures
318,319.
Malamocco 24.6.

Malaya Fort 295.

Afalbororv 608.

Maldives Inf. 344. defc.^^a.
Maldon 60S.

Afaleg fl. 510.

Maleguette ■ 507.

Malemba 523.

Malefpiiie 252.

MalicHt dcfc. 427.

Malines 183, 158, 187.
Malines Women 187.

MalipUr defc. 428.

^^'^/^ 50.

Mallacha 295. i«/. 344,
^^/^? . 52.

Mallyans 418.

Malmogia- 62.

St. Maloes - 195.

y>/<«/fe/? 540.

Maltha -' 1^6.

Inf defc. $40, 54t,

Maltha Inf. and Grand Ma-

, fter 4^7, 48 <5.

Malva 419*

Malvafia defc. 284.

Malvay 41 7.

Malvey 420.

Malvoy 237.

Mamaluc\s 492, 493.

Afanada 2^6.

Manahattens Inf. defc. 611^

612.

Manajara

Afanajara $3^-

Manamitopa 294.

Manapate SS^*

Mampia 43-

Manar Inf. _ 29^, 427.

Mmajfey Tnhe 350,361.

Mtnatenga 53^'

Mutati 5^5'

Mincandan ^06.

Minchejler 60B.

Mancup 90, 91.

jytandarins 437-

Mandefcbeid 13 6.

i^/<i«flfo 419'

Mandroche 554*

Tf/.wif fyedniia 254.

Mungahr 295.

Mangio Tower 251.

Mangoes 457"

Manhatten 295.

Munheim 122, 130.

Manhoa 442-

/i/"d!«i 523-

Afaniabufc 538'

iT/.z«/i7u and Straits 457.

Mail! lies Inf. 294.

Manioc $61.

Manlpos 5^3*

7>fo«4i« 438-

Minoa 5^1"

Manor a Fort 2*9 4.

A/zrtJ 197'

Manfelout 497-

Mansfeild 147, 148

y>/4/;> K. 471

Manfora 483

Manfoura 497»' 5°®

Mantlnea and its Battle 279

Mantoua 235, 240,241

Mantua 19, "215.

Mantua Dutchy and City

defcribed 245.

Manuthiis 537-

Maplehaven 620.

Mar major e 89.

Mar del Califonia $26.

Mar del Port $85.

Mar delVerme'f) $96.

MardelZwr 545,547,^81,

584.

iir^M^^jits Battle g^.

Afuranhdioit fl. 554'

Maranhaon fl.

Maranpaon

Marante

Marafch

Marathon

$55-

294.
355.

347,381-
278,

Marathonian Battle 278.

Maratboman Bull ibid.

Marazjj 347*

Marcanda defc. 410,411.

March-en-famine 1 8 1 .

yW"rf)r/je 194, 200.

Marchia Anconitana 226.

Marchia Tarvijina ibid.

Marchiomtits Finarii ibid.
fsMircte Fodifnovi 227.

'MarcJ^ 12(5, 127, I3($, 149*

^/iztv^!; 122. F/. I2<5,I5<5.

3/4rco fl't? M/t $85.

Marcomanni 145, 154-

Marcopol'n 132.

Mar cm 91'

Marde 355-

hlardoniips 279.

Mrt>'a?yj(je Fort I7i^'

M^re Alcyonum 280.

Mrfre Rubrum 4° 5*

Mareb fi. $14-

Mrfreofif 502.

Mrfref A^acJ^ 90.

M<ir^m'et (^. 58-

Mrtr^^ref Sifter to E. F/o)7o
the Fourtli,brought forth
at one Birth 365 Chil-
dren 173-

MrfK^rtt 54°-

Mrfr^MH.t 394'

Marberen 1 5^.

247.
St. M.-trfrf F/orzV^ Church in
Fhrence 251.

M,ir/J Galante Inf. 293.
St. Mrt)7,« Lauretane 249.
Mariaburgum l2o.

Mari£ Domm 132.

Mariana 258.

Mdr/.-tK/te^ 1 3 2.

Maridunum 3 5*

St.M^7>/«/. - 293,

Q^qqq 2

MA
M<j>7dHJ«r^/j 85, i38.

Mariental 132.

St. Mrtfw $30.

St. Mitwi- City 595, 59^'
Marigalanta 574«-

Marignan MafTacre 238.
M^riwfc-^ /. 5o5.

Marimont i3o.

M^nna Republick defc. 451.
Marionk $6.

Marifch, Marif} Fl. 99jI04-
Marifw IC4.

Marine loi.

Mariiatiia C^farienfis 480.
St. Mrff(^ 499-

St. Marks Fort 294^

Marmadic-ke Tho. 623,,

Marmarica 46$.

Marmora Sea 272.

Marmotta defc. 389.

]Marobudum 154'

Mrfro«rtZ 29$'

M<iro7!/>w 342-

M<tro«jr 99, i'^4'

Mdroi- ibid.

MrfKO;^ III'

Marpurg 1 34*

MarquU of Brandenburg 1 27.

Marquifate of the* Empire
184.

M^rr 40.

M^rr//?eA\r Compafs where
firft invented 254.

Marroquins Red 35.

Mrff/it el quibar 48 1 .

Marfal 125.

M<irj--e« ftmenne 121.

Marfeilles 201.

Marfeilles its Coins,Weights

andMeafures 320,348,

■ Marpfeild 6o2.

Marfilians 201.

Martaban 433.

St. Miirt/;.t 5'^3-

Martiana Silva 1 24.

Mrfrf/H ^f. B5r« 109.

St. M^ttini /«/. 293,

Martinique Inf 293, 574*

Mdm/i^f^ 233-

Martin Burgum 134*

MrfK^m 275-

M^^rt'fccji M^fW 474'

Marvilk

MarvlUe i8i.

Marw 9p, 104.

Mviuvine 560.

Alaryborough 45.
Maryland 295. defCr ^pl to

MtYT^achibar 481.
Mafaganor, Ma^T^agan 474.

Mtsbat 458.

Mttsburgi 214.

Mafcalate 391.

MafcarenhiH 538.

MifcatSaif 391.

Mafcon 19 8.

M-tsfate 591.

Mtjlepatan 2961, 429.

iWrf/rf 59, 252.

Majfachufet Colon. 608.
Maffiigan 294, 523.

JUajfanello 253.

Majjeran 240.

Majferinji Princeps 124.

JWaJfilia 201.
Mafjinijfa 484,485,485.

jyfajjjpatan 295.

Mataacas Port 556.

■Mat an 457.

Matarea, Materca 498.

Mitt at am 538.

Mater an Emp. 455.

jW.ii'e^ Orb'mm 290.

Mat hr Aval 55, 54,

M.iti^^ay 62$-

A/rftr; Fort 294.

Mattapany 596.

St. Matthew 355.

St. Matihcrv'S 293.
St, Matthews Colonies 588.

St. Matthews Inf. 535.

St. MaUlm Bay and F/.

537> 589, 590-

Mattiaci 168.

Mattlacum 1-34.

jytiitum 283.

Mat^au 512.

Mat^ua Inf. 510.

Mavifm Fl. pip.

Maurtmakar 394.

.Maurathalafflt 89.

St. Maure Inf. 247.

Mauri ana 237.

Mauri a:^ Agaumm 233.

MA ME

Maurice the Grave 134

St. Maurice Inf. 295

Mawice 206

Maurknne 237

Mauritania 471,474

- Sitifenfes 474

Mauritius Inf 5,9

St. iT-rrfwro /«/. and Caft. 291
Maufoleum 343, 349,

J/4»',?f7 550,

.'Mz^ F/. 5^0,

-■>/iz;e«c^ 10, 128, 130,

May Lye ^5^.

/Wiz/0 49, 5c. /«/. 534,535,
Mayotta Inf. 520

^^^e F/. ^4;

/¥<i^4 j^«zi/e>- 48 1 .

Ma^achares 485.

^^:^.i^rf Prov. 5u.

Ma^agan 294,

Mayindran 3 9 5, 397.

Mazavia 84, 85.

Ma-^:(jigyan 482.

MeaDileBa 143.

^>^^^co 4^5.

Afeatider, Meandros Fl. 350.
Mcatx 3y,

.'>/e<xf^ 43, ^4.

/Ut'rtf^ E. and W. 45, 45.
/Wa-c^ 295, 344, 389, 390.
A/ecfd (^e/h its Princes 390,
391.
/^f(?c/;^rt 544^ ^83.

yWec/;rf d/i 257,

7>/£?c/j/i« 182, 187.

Mi'ckoan e-j-j,

Mechoian 5-7 p.

Medenburg and its Dutchy
defc. 150.

/Vec-MF/. 433.435-

M.'delpadia 69.

Medemblicl^^Mcdemlecl^ 1 65.
J/eiifj- jc>2, 402.

Medfeild 608.

MedgH p8.

^'^'^{^^ 3P4, 397.

Medicea Gens 227.

Mediefm ^g.

Medina defc. 344, 3510,

Medina de los Torres 215.
Medjni Sidonia 210.

^fedi'tnatricum Civ. 126^
Mediolanenfts Ducatui 243*
Mediolanum -^V

Mediolanium , Mediolanm\

1,^ J- • . '^^' 243'
Mediomatnct j 25.

Mediterranean $t^ 344,345*

402, 455.

87.
155.

218.

97, 98.

502.

288.

374.
285.
281.
ibid.
281.
i8d.
98.
ibid.
485.

233r

122, 119,133,

Mednil^

Medoflanium

Meduliits mons

Medwifch

Meeris

Megala Kira

Megale Chora defc.

150,

227,

Megalopolii
Megara

Megarica fexta
Megarit
Megen
Megefwar
Megies
Megruda
Meienberg
Mein Fl.
Mcinaw Inf.
Metffen
Mela

Mela Paphim defc.
MeUna Inf.
Melamboles
I Melannhon
Melange
Melanthy

Me las Fl.

Melaxo

Melcl^

Melegi Fl. '

Meier Lac^

Melejfo

Meliano

Meliapore

Meitbocw mons

Melilla

Melina

Metinda

Melinda Caf.

Melita Inf. 485, 540. aVd

ci;y 541.

^eUi 505.

MelGngen- 230, 233.

Melo^u

527,

138.

147^-
$02.

377.
291.
490.
148.
42.8.
37$.

!?I3'

463.

349-
143.

5i4f

69,

349-
482.
428.
123.

473-
389.

528.

294.

ME MI

MeloJJja

2l6.\

Merfperg

138.

Mexico Siege 577;

Mcmel 85. Fl.

82.

Mefandran

394-

Mexico Won. 579.

Memelium

85.

Mefembria

268.

Meydburg 153.

Memmingen

159.

Mefnpotamia 34^.

defc.

354,

Meydburgh 123,

Memmn 402, 490,

,502.

395-

Meydenburg 153.

MemfhU 402, 491,

497,

Mefphilio R.

600.

Meyland 243.

498.

499.

Mefra

490.

Mezab $04.

Menalui mons

285.

Mejfa

387,

474-

Mia 447.

Afenancabo

455-

Mejfena its Coins

Weights ]

St. Michael de Cepcroux 293.

Menapii

43-

and Meafures

319.

St. Michael City 572, 5S 2.

Afenay Fl.

34-

Mejfenia

282.

St. Michaels Church 17$.

Mendefian

454.

Mejfeniatis

286.

St. M/r^.te/ Fort $41.

Mendijian Princes

492.

Mejfil

500.

St. Michael It f. 530.

Mendon

608.

Mefjina defc.

255,

257.

Michael Vaivod of Valachia

Mendrifia. 22 j,

250.

Mejfur King

430.

268.

JWenelaHS

377.

Mefiie

387.

Michnejl 471.

Menev'ia

56.

Mefvinum

153-

Mi era Kir a 285.

Mengrelia

425.

Metacotnpft

$02.

Midcti 250.

Afeninx

487.

MeU

125.

Middleburg 16 j, 295. Inf.

Mmoufiit

497-

Metagonitifs

473-

296.

Menralla

212.

Metagonium

ibid.

Middlefex County 592.

Mnti 121, 125, 127

, 128.

MetaHum

145.

Middletorvn 504.

Akone

347-

Metanajire

100.

Middle fare 61.

Afeotkli Lac.

8-9.

Metaurus Fl.

249.

Middlefar Sound 60.

Afercantil and Coramo

.476.

Mete line City defc.

374-

Midleton do 8.

Merchants Foreland

617.

Metelino Inf. defc.

ibid.

Miedz^yr^^acTe 85.

Mercianopolk

268.

Met elk

$00.

St. Miguel de Tucumen 552.

Mercury Promont.

485.

Meteilim Inf.

344-

Milampodus 490.

Mercury s Temple

285.

Methone

283.

Milan 227, 233, defc. 243.

Merd'in^ Merdino defc.

355-

Metif

125.

Milan City defc. 243.

Meredin

354-

Meting

144,

145.

Milatio ibid.

Mereotif Lac.

497-

Metopi Inf

288.

M7/rf^;?^fland its- Battle 258.

Mergentheim

132.

Metrefecl^

257.

Mi Id wold 172.

Mergcthum

ibid.

Metrenfe Prxlium

249.

Miletum 2.90.

Merg'una

410.

Metro Fl.

ibid.

Miletus 349.

Merda 207, $79

,582.

Metropk

288.

MilfordUivcn 35,

Akrhidol Maffacre

192.

Metubavrii Fl.

ro5.

MilirigerU 418.

Merindidas

417.

Met:^ ■

118

, 1 2d.

Mf//rfn its Citadel 58..

Akriniamm Mallacre

238.

,Mevat

417.

MiUain its Coins, Weights

Aferioneth'

33-

Mevii defc.

573*

and Meafures 319,

Merifch

99-

Meurs

127.

320.

Merif K. Sepulch.

497-

Meufe Ft.

164

,189.

Milo Inf 28.9.

Merii Lac.

490.

Meuvif

295-

Miltiades 271, 278.

Merlin

35-

Meivar:(y

447-

Milton 5o8.

Afern

40.

Mcxicaua.

545.

Min R. 440, 441.

Meropes Inf. defa

375-

Mexicans

544-

Mina 482.

Meropius

520.

Mexicans flain

578.

Mindadi 4PI»

Merovingii

181.

Mexico 244,293

. 544» 5^5,

Mindano Inf. 457.

Merovinian Race.

192.

57d

J 5-77.

Minden 123, 135,

Meiry-Wingi

569.

Mexico Gulph

588.

Mindora Inf. 458.

Mersbourg

145.

Mexico New defc.

577

, 585,

Mine of Lapk Calaminctrk

Mersbiirg

i-3d.

585.

127-.
Mine.

MI MO

Mine. Towns in Hungary no.
Minerva's Temple 277,278.
Mingol mon. '^67,.

Wingrelia. '90, 397.

defc. 7,66, ^6-], ^69.]

"fSlingrelians manners and

Qualities 307, ^68.

tAinbo 225.

Mink 502.

Minigrado 135.

Mi/ifa 499.

Minoa 281,289,290.

Wmrque Inf. 213.

\[nhabitants ibid.

M/nji- . ' 288, 290.

Minotaur 290.

M/n/co 80.

Mintia mom 2B6.

Mir ^99.

Mir ablins 452.

Mirdanum 3 5 $,.

M/"rrfi« ibid.

Mirmadms 275.

Mirmex 487.

MirmiroUa 245.

'Mirobalans 45^*

MzV:^/t 399.

Mifamcikc 42$.

Mi/dales 223.

Mifenum, Mifcnus 234.

Mi/zrf 34!^.

MzTIr 381-

MiyJ^r^ 286.

Mz/w^i 147-

M//r<?z 490.

Mifr£im ibid.

Mi/iz ibid.

Mi/?/r ibid.

MiteM wow 28i5.

Mitgamr 500.

Mitbridates 347, 349, 350,
363.
MzVr^tw 85.

Miaco 583.

Mis^emma 473-

Mi:(raim 490.

M.'JMrrt 48 2.

Moabites ^60.

Moafcar 482.

Mofftrf 3915 551-

Maconti^icutn 128.

Moflte/irf 19? 235, 244.

.M)t/on 283.

Modkfa 430.

M(2//4 Inferior 262.

M^fia Superior 266^ 261.

Mogador Inf. 47$.

Mogontiacum 128.

Mo^iir 412.

Moguls Countries , their
Commodities , Coines ,
Weights and meafures,
332,333,334, 343,B44-

Moguls Empire <^c. deJ.^^S,
405, 41$, 415, 417.

Moguntia,Moguntiacenfis 128.

Mohatcx^ 104, 112, 113.

Moldavia 18, 19, 94, 383,
585.

Mdjngar 46.

Molinum 200.

Molucca Inf. 294, 29^, 343,
344.^ rff/c. 458,459,4^0.

Mo/ffccrf'j- 554.

Molucca's 543.

Molycrium 281.

Mombasa 527.

MombaT^e 528. Cit. andCaft.
294.

Mommies Egypt 49°'

iVfon<i 33. /«/. 41.

Monachendam 166.

Monachium 159*

Mo/Mca 242.

Mo/2c;eri Princeps 227.

Mo/u-eci principatus 442.

Monaghan 49.

Monaflerium 135, 238.

Monafter 274.

Moncajlro . ^6.

Monclar ' 130.

Mondragon 167.

Mone Inf. ■ ^9, 61.

Monembajia 284.

Monefd 299.

Mo/i(?)', its firfl ufe, the raoft
ancient fort, its intrin-
fick value, outward Form
or Charader 297. Ex-
change thereof, how ad-
vantageous , and how
fquared and varied 298,
299.. Its general names
among the Ao/wrtHj- 299.

MonfoH

Mongat^:^

Mongomery

Mmi Inf.

Monicl^ Hu.

Monige

Monimoy

Monmelianum

Monncl^dam

Mono Emugi

Monoi

1 58,
113.

35-

228.

iq6.
284.
5o8.
238.
166.
$26.
497-

Mommotopa 4^7. defc. 524,
525, 526.
Mens 179.

Mons Chrifti Inf 2 2 7, 2 5 8 .
Mons Marianus 207.

Mons mediiM Mommedt i8i.
Mons Pyrenew 200.

Mons Regim 84.

Mons Relaxw 197.

Mons Santi Winmci 177.
Monf errata 218.

Monsferrat 574.

Monjia Inf. 294.

Monjlerberg 157.

Monfiiers 238.

Mo«t Dutchy 127.

Mont St. Julian 258*

Mont BsUiard 131, 137-
Montc de Cenere 254.

Monte d' Ocha 206,

Montenfis Ducat us 127.

Montes d' los Alpayaras 2 1 1.
Mantes Claros 465.

Montes Lun£ 4^5, 4.66.
Les Montes Pyrenees 2o6i
Montes Sudetes 157.

Mont e:(um a Evmp. $j2^ 581.
Montferrat Inf. 295.

Montferrat defc. 235, 240.
Montii ferrati VucatiH 240,
245. Its Soil 240.
Montmedi 176.

Montmelian 238.

Montpelgard 131.

Montpclier 200.

Montpeffulanus ibid.

Montreal 293.

Montrevil 178.

Monfroj 40,

Moni^on 214,

Moor J dtfcent into 5/)/i. 483,
Mooi'j"

Moorx killed 481.

Moors 215, 387, 475, 47^,

478.

lAoors occafion of invading

Spain 204.

Moorj- Paradife 212.

MoraO.ta 285.

l^orabuts Tomb 47 1 •

hWamuJienfis loi, 104.
Morat 230.

Morat Battle 199, 229.
Morat Sultan ^66.

Morava fl. 1 5*5, 2^7.

Moravi di Bulgaria Fl. 26 j.
Moravi di Servia Fl. ibid.
Moravia dejc. 1^6.

Moravians ibid.

Moraus 122.. Fl. 1^6.
Mordecai 402.

Morea 19, 270,281,285,
581,
Morgas 348.

MoritT!^ 233.

Morl^enthal 132.

Morlaix 197.

Morocco 294.

Morocco Kingdom 474.

Morocco Prov. defc. ibid.
Morofini 275, 277, 280,283,
291.
Morcftfou Fl. 363.

MoiTo Fort 294.

Mon-occo Little 475.

Mortar a 244.

Monii-AU 390.

MojfoH 39.

MoHuSantorum 198.

Moweflfre 203, 212.

Mofa Fl. 12(5.

Mofcha or Mo/cow 77.

Mojchea 267.

MofchiHS Fl. ibid.

Mofcbovia 72.

Mofcorp its Coins, Weights

and mcafures 320.

Mo/ei- 389. Born 502.
Mo/e//e Dutchy 181.

Mofelle Fl. 122, 1 29, 1 26.
Moskara 72.

Mojiagan 474, 482.

Moful defc. 355, 354, 381.
M)tilla Inf. 539.

MO Mir

Motir
Mottia
Moulins
Mount Tabk
Mount Royal

2^6, 459.
483.

200.
4^5, 455.
129

Mountaniers of 4/'^^* 343-

Mountains of the Giants 155.

Mountains of the moon 513.

Mountains of the Sun 46$.

Moure Fort 29$.

Mourges 242.

Moyenvic 118.

Mozambique 527, 528.

City and Caflle 294.

Mfciilaw 86.

Muchatia 47 1 .

Muer Fl. 113.

iVf;//o/f 244.

M«/fz" his Office and Efteem
384, 395.

Muldaw p 123, 154.

Mulcnhach , 98.

Mulhaufen 131, 141, 230.

Mulhufium . 230.

Mult an 417, 419.

Mulvia R. 473.

yJ-fw/y Mrf/jo/we? of F^;^ drow-
ned 472.

Mw/y Xecque ibid.

Mummies oi Bohemia 155.

Mummies of £g;'i>f 498.

Munchen 139.

M«ni/<t its famous Bat. 212.

Mundiris 430.

Mz<«?i? 501.

Munichia Port 278.

Atunicl^ 139.

Munjier 43, 44, 185. Its
Treaty 67, 131,134,135,
141, i$o.

Mwr F/. 143.

M«rc/a 212.

M«/'|K 21 2.

Muripones 143.

M«nrf F/. 12(5.

M«rr^;' 40.

Murray Frith 40.

M«n'oV 451.

Marjlon 272.

Mm Arabic 205.

Mufji Phejfiades ■ ■. 279.

MU MY NA

Mufmm Hill 277.

Mufcates defc. 391.

yV/«/c-o ii. 77.

Mufcovia defc. 72.

Mufcovites j$. Their mili-
tary Difcipline 75. Their
Religion 75, 7^. Their
Patr. and Biiliopricks 76.
100000 ask Pardon for
their Lives j6. Their
Rivers and its Divifions

Mufcovy 18, 19, 21, 58, 72. .
Mufioncnfis al. deMu:(pn loi.

Musl^tto's 568. .

Mufopatta 424.

Mujjelborough t^^.

Mufiafar 6p»

Mujiapha 37^.

Muftopolk 132.

Mutina 244.
Mktinenfis due at m 235,244.

Muxacra 212.

Muyden 165.

Mw^^-m ^ 418.

Mj'cew^ 28$.

Mycenians 286.

Mycone Inf. def. 289.

Mygdma Regio 275.

iJ/vr/'o Fhyton 272.

Myrmidons 271.

Myfitra 284.

Mytelena Inf. defc. 374.

N.-

"VT^i F/. 12i
J_ >| Nabathsa defc.

!, 141.

388.

Nabarca

401.

Nachavan

3<54.

Nadecafe defc. .

557-

Nadim

2^3.

Naeltrvycli

i6s.

Ndimera

283.

Naerden

155,

Najlaquia

^295.

Nagaja

79-

Nagayan Tartars^

368,

Nagn.it£

43*

Nagoy Tartars ^ 409,

410.

Nahaca

295.

Nahar

KahaVy Ifahal 4^^.

Naic^ 427.

Naiquesof Aladure 450.

Nammetum 197.

Tvamfio Inf. 289.

Narnm-y Natmrcum 187.

Nanchang 440.

Nanceium 126.

Nancryum ibid.

iVdrtcy ibid.

iVdwc)' Battle 199, 229.

Nangefaque 434, 447.

Nangierii 450.

'Nanina §18.

2Janl:ing 438, 440.

NantecoJ^ 594.

A7d«/-x 195.

NapariiFl. 82.

Naples 19, 235. defc. 253.
CmY. defc. 253. King-
dom its Content 255.

Naples Inf. 259.

Naples, its Commodities,

Coins and Weights 320,

321.

2Vrfj!>/f 284.

iVdijDo/i i/i Romania defc. 284.

Napthali Tribe 3^0.

Narabo Fl. 105, 11 1.

Narato\e Fl. 590.

Narboti, Narbona 200.

Narborough Sir /<?/;?! $47.

A'rfrfrf $11.

Narenxa 26^.

Narifcians 139, 141.

A'<i»"n/ 250.

Narfinga 429.

Narfingua 424.

Nartingae Diamonds 343.

Narva 417.

Narval 420.

A/rtj 1 26.

Nalium 126.

Nciskow 61.

Najfaw 135, 295,

A'rfjjT^w Fort 295,296.

NajfaKP Port 507.

.V/iJ^>t> Cat^enebgen 135.

xV^[^<z«> ibid.

Ni'i^ivan 364.

Natolia ^47.

Navagrat 394.

INA Nfc

Navapottf 418.

A^^wr 19. ^e/c. 214.
NavarinNcw and Old 283.

Navarino ibid.

Naveratia 454.

Naufchaftal 230.

Narvgracut 417, 419.

Nauguefeque 2^6.

Naumburg 1 4^.
Naupa^fuftiy Naupa^w 280,

Naupth 284.

Nauplm 284, 287.

Nauportui 144.

Naufcmmd Count. 592.

A^Waroj' 375.

Ndzns Inf. 289,

Nder-Pfalti 1 29.

Nea Paphos Cit. defc. 377.

AVd'^^ Lake 49.

Neapolfs 1 74.

ATtrft/j 35.

NebuchadncT^ar 356, 361,

359-
Nebuchadomxer 591.
Necarw Fl. 1 22, 1 29.
Necaiu 483.
Necl^ar Fl. 122, 129.
Necrol^in 405.
A^ef/Jd /«/; 289.
NeSlabanes 492.
Negaian Tartars 409.
Negapatan 29(5, 428.
Negara 419.
Negoas 458.
Ne combo 296.
Negrepont 19. /«/. and Ci-
ty defc. 287,
Negroliind ^6-j.
Negro's 50^, 5 10.
iVe^w Empire 510.
AV?;)er F/. 408.
NciffeFl. 123.
AVifj 283.
i Nellcmby Neur 451.
NemAan Lyon 286.
Kemaria 130.
Nemaufenjium 200.
Nemaujium ibid.
Nemaufiifi ibid.
Ne metes 130.
Ncngefaqxe 443.
NentidivA 98.

Neocorio 279,

Neocomium 230,

Neomagui 130, 159.

NeopaUm 280.
Neopolitamm Regnum 226,
253.

Seopn)titi i~jZ.

Neofelmn m.

Nequino .250.

AVr<« ^ ' 29(5.

iVi?>'e.t 511.

AVri 252.

Nerilos Inf. 291.

Nericia 5p.

Nertnoujlier Inf. 201.

Neroberge 133, 143.
A'ero's 100 Churches 254.

A7i?V«,t yg.

Nesbin 555.

Nefchange 295.

Nejhjmenel^ -600.

Neffa Lake 40.

A'j|?woo^ ^o.

A^#<f 280.

AV^-er y}/3^ 95.

NeJlerFl. 82, 89.

Nejhrians 342, 355.

Nether I andt 157.

A7iea;e/- A. • 47.

Never s ^97*

Nevis Inf. defc. 573.

Neup atria 282.

New Chateau 181.

Aew F/. $90.

Newfiria 195.

Nemv\ <5o4, 505.

Newburg 127.

Newbury 6o2.

New CajiiUe 457.
Newcaflle 55} 599,6oo.

AVw Denmar}^ 296.

Newenburg 233.
Aew England 29$. D^yc.
i5o(5, (5ii.

A^ew FlufJmg Fort 295.

New-found-land 293. /;?/;

295. Df/c. (5i5, 615.

NewGarton 149.

Newhaven 195.
Newbaufel io$, lo^, m.

A7f»' Holland 295, 29<5'.

A^ifH? 7rf>yf)' 6n.

NE NI

fJew Jarfey defc. $'97 to <^oi.
J^ew J ax fey E. defc. 505.
J^evc JarfeyWeji 601.

New Jerfey Inf. 29 5.

New Kent 592.

New Mexico defc. 58$.

New Nether land 611.

Newport 178, 608.

New Providence Inf. 295.
defc. 575.
Newry 48, 49. Fl. 46.
Newjidler Lake 107.

Newfol 102.

A'i? w i'/tr/rt 293. defc. 575.
Ncwjtadt 5 ^, 1 1 o, 1 1 2 .
Newjlat 143.

Newjlra a Slgniora a dela
Vi^oria $8 1 .

Newjlreet 241.

Newtown 60S,

Newton 48.

iVew 2o>;(^ 295. Defc. 611,
to 1514.
A'^ejv Zealand 62^.

Nexvana 564.

Neytra Fl. 106.

Neytracbt 1 09.

Nexavalpincinfli 579.

.iVzV<«.t 240, 347.

Mc<ierf Comttat. 227, 240.
A'/Ci«rf Fortrefs 281.

Nicanum Cancil. 347.

Nicaragua 584.

Nicaria Inf. defc. 374,

Nidum 3 5>

A'ice 240, 347.

A'zceK F/. 122, 129.

Nichaa 347.

St. Nicholas Inf. 535.

St. Nicholas 1 2 5, 5 2 3 .

Nichols CoIIonel di2.

Nichor 347.

Nicocles 377.

Nicolas 78.

St. Nicholas Fort 253.

iV/co/a Port 278.

St. Aico/u 290,

Nicopolk 2^8, 2715.

Nlcomedes ' 349.

Nicomedia defc. 347.

Nicopui 6 1-, 59.

Nicofing 58.

NI NO

ATircor 347.

Nicofia 37(5. t^e/c^ 378,411.
A'/Vwew F/. 82.

Niencbeu ' 441.

NieperFl. 82,85,382.
Me/?er F/. 82.

Nieuche 443.

Nigebolimd its Battles 268,
275.
M^er 285, 5o5. F/. (/e/c.
453, 455.
Nigritia defc. $05.

A^/^«<? ~ ' 555.1

Nil and ' 70.

A^/Ve 383,490. rfe/c. 454.
A^f/erf 490.

A/7e Fountains 511.

A'/V;^ 453,495,500,512.
Nimeguen i6p. Treaty 185,
187, 159, 175, i88.
Nimmengen 122, 149.

Nimrod 389, 393, 410.

Nims 49 5.

Nineveh defc, 354,35 5, 353,
381.
A^Zfl^^a 441.

Ningue ' ibid.

M«»f 393,411.

Niomene Convent. 374.

Nippon 445.

A^irn 40.

A^(/? 283.

A^zyJiw 355.

Nifmes 200.

^# 4IG, 419.

Nifua 410.

Mf/j F/. ._ 39.

Nitria 109.

Nitnenfis de Neytracht 101.
Nivaria 531.

Niuche 413.

Nivernium, Nivernum 197.
Nivermii 194, 197.

Aiw//e • 184.

Ninlham 413*

Nixapa .581.

A'ix/rf /n/; 289.

AV;^:^e 240.

No 599.

AWj 420.

A^orf/;i- Ark 401,410,415.
Noah^nd liisWifc 354,355.
R r r r

NobinfFl. 59»

ATo^d:^;' Tartary 85.

A^o/<4 and its Battle 254.
Nolle mbourg 134.

Nomale 143.

Nombre de Dios 552.

Nonacres mons 286,

Nor bo 200:

Norcopia 58.

Nordiinghen 139.

ATbrew 145.

NorfolJ^ Lower 592.

Aorfc^ 133, 143.

Noricians 139.

Noricorum mons 133,143.
Noricum 115,123,143.
Norimberg 133, 143.

Noringberg 1 1 8,

Normandy 54,191,194,195.
Normans 43.

Aoct F/. 585.

Nortgow 140.

North-Beueland i6f.

Northampton 592,508.

Northaufen 147.

A'o rthumberland 592.

North-Wales 33,

North-Weft of America 5 1 8,
Norlingen 139.

Norway 18, 21, 55, 58.
Norwich 31, 5o8b

Nofenftat 97, 98.

Notredames Church 175,
195,195.
Noteburg 70, 75.

A^ofo and its Scituation 257.
ATijv^i Francia defc. 6 1 4.
iVbvrf Palan\a 106,

Novara . 44.

A'ovti Aow/? 271.

A'oviJ i'cofM 293. a?e/c. 514.
A'ov^i Zembla 52 1, 523,524,
525.
Novellara 245.

NovellariA Comes ^27.

Abw'cz Ripenfis 143.

Novigrade 113.

Novigradienfis de Novigrad

lOI.

Noviodunum i^^l*

Noviomagw 130, 159.

Novogrodi\\ 84, 85.

A'jiio^rof^t

NO NU NV OA OB OC OC OD GE OF OG OL OL OM ON 00 OP OR

Kovogrodt

7h 1^'

Olhdurm

233.

Olmuc7>^

IS6.

Little 77.

Great 77.

Olhgm Tower

277.

Olmuti

ibid.

Honfenbwg

250.

Oczakorv

7»9i-

Olmunt:^

J2g.

No^cyeth

124.

Ocziacou Tartars

89.

Olomuntium

i$6.

Nubia 467, 487,

4p4> 513-

Ocxiacow

382.

Olomutium

ibid.

yefc.

508.

Odenheim

130.

Olympia

285

, A6i.

Nubian

481.

Odenfee

60.

Olympias

275

, 277.

Nubians

494.

Oder FL Ii8,

121,

123,

Olympw mons

275

, 37a.

Nuchal

463.

145

, 149-

Olyjippo

22^.

Nuit:^

2^(5.

Odera FL 123,

14s

,149-

Omagh Caftle

49.

Numanti<t'

214.

Oderberg mons

123.

Omar 342,3^5, gdo.

Numidia

503.

Odia

295

,296.

Ombri or Ombro

501.

Numidia propria

484.

Odifche defc.

366.

Ombrio

531-

Numm^ Nummm

299.

Odor fl. 123,

145

,149-

St. Omers

179.

Nunning

. 442.

OedipiH

278.

Omir

590

. 393-

Nmfammd

594-

Oeland

68.

Omi:(a

40 ^

Nmyang

440.

Qelfe

157-

Omme lands i6i

>i7i

, 172.

Nuremberg 155,

143. Its

Oenotria

225.

Ommiraby

475*

Weights and

meafures

Oenm Fl.

14s.

Omole

275,

§21.

Oefcw Triballorum

268.

Omoul defc.

401.

Nmnberg

J3$»i43-

Oefima

274.

Onega

19'

Nm Ft.

590.

Oeji-reich

141.

Oneglia

242.

NympJuiX Inf. defc.

375-

Oeta mons

27s

,280.

Ongaria

1 00.

Nym^atnena

399-

Oeting

137.

OningU

2IO.

Nyflot

70.

Offenburg

139.

Onoba

224.

a:#

281,420.

351.

Onor

295,

427.

Ogge
Oglio FL

511.

244.

Omtb
Onsbacb

104.

13^.

Oguell 294,

295»

295.

Onfpach

149.

Ogufian Tribe

378.

Onufw Ft.

143.

/'~\Afis magna 501.
V^ OAfts parva ibid.

Ogygia
Ogyrk

490.
405.

Onrvari
Ooftergo

447«

172.

Outa:;^

472.

Olaba

214.

Osftenricb

158.

Obehan FL

417.

OlacacaT^an

$79-

Ophir

588,

§24.

Ober-Sachfen

146.

Olava

214.

Ophites marble

289.

Obertriti

54.

Olaiti magnm

68.

Ophiufa Inf defc.

375'

Obrao^Ta

263.

Olbia

91,

347.

Ophra defc.

354'

Oby FL

79.

Oleca

511.

Opinum

471.

Occa FL

77.

Oldenberg

135-

Oppelen

157-

Occafacct

447.

Oldenburg

55, 62. [

Oppenheim

130.

Ocea

487.

Oldcnfalta.

171. 1

Oppidum Batavorum

169.

Oceania

451, 490.

Olden7;yt

ibid.

Oppidum Vbiarum

128.

Ocean Athmtixl^

18.

Oldejloe

S7.

Opunorum Kegio

277-

Britij})

21.

Oldjalia

171.

Opus

281.

• — ^Cantabrian

20.

Oleron Inf.

201.

Oracle of Dreams.

401*

"—Ducatidoniait

21.

Oleron Laws

ibid.

Oran

58U

•"-^Gettnan

ibid.

Olen>sJ(0

87.

Orange Fort

459-

"--'—' Hyper boy can

ibid.

Oliofippon, Clifippon

223.

Orange Prince

*35«

•^-—^Nonhern

17-

Oliva Treaty

61.

Orange Principality

201*

— — Oriental

344-

Oliver of the Nortl^

547-

Oranienberg

149-

OQeOiUfi

342.

Oliver Van North

549-

Orbay,

97->

I' Cabryda

274-

OIUhs fl

244.

Orbs

230.

Crktellum

OR OS^

XhrheteUum • 226.

Orbttello 255.

Or cades 41.

Orc}m ^ ■ 69.

Orchons 552.

Ordaof St.Bafd 274.

Order of Chrift 222.

Orebatys 401.

Orenoque 5<^o.

Orenfe 209.

Orefond Sp.

Ore/f-j 272.

(?r/d </f/c. 354.

OrgAm 40$.

Or?§e« 494.

Origiacum 178.

0>7n^« 210.

Or it ami ibid.
Orivetamm Territorium 226.

Or.ixa 296.

Orkney 41.

Orleance 197.

Orlemi/e 134.

0>7no«iDuke 4^, 51.
OrwKy 29^,555,381,389,

391. ^(?yc. 402,405,405.

Ormufia 405.
Orodienfis de C:^ongrad i o i .

Oron(?«?c Tobacco 595.

Orontes Ft. 551,352.

Or(j/>«j 279.

Orofpeda 20 5, 207.

Orpams Fl. 106.

Orphadefc 554.

Or/^Aw f/. 285.

Orrhea 40.

Orrhoai defc. 554.

Or/e/ /«/. d5.

Ortbura 450.

(7rf7^M 548. //{/; 288.

Ortijfina 265.

Ortojpeda 20 5, 207.

Ortygia 461.

Orvietia Prov. 250.

Onjeto ibid.

Oryj/i 450.

0^ Meotidk 29.

Ofacca 407.

0/c« 212,213.

Ofenbmg 135.

O/zroe 490.

^w 273.

OS OT OU

<!>//w Temple §02.

0/(/wi 197.

oy^rfn 403,

OjhabrHck 135.

Ofnaburg 152.

0/j>/coj Fragofo^ ^66.

Ojfa. Mons 275.

C»^yrrf^<i $14.

Offonaba 224.

0^e»(/ 175.

Ojlervoycl^ 186.

Ojlia 250.

Ojiiaries of M/e 454.

OJhogotbs 200.

Oflrogon III.

^)>w 453.

Otegta^^ac . 112.

Othrys Mons 275.

Ottnaefen 171.

Otmagiuchi 3 50.

Offe« 107.

Ottingmn 137.

Otronto 254.

Ottoman 378.

OU OW ox OY PA

Oufthug -78.

452.

lor, io5. III.

411.

3P3> 3P4> 408-

Ovula
Ovpar
Oxates
Oxford
Oxm Fl.

Oxydrachaiis
Oxypyrgium
Oyjier Bay

418,

273^
572.

\ Ottoman Empire its Foun-
dation, Government, Jur
ftice, Policy and Military
Forces 378,379,385.

Ottoman Royalties 380;

C«r^e C^zVye 3154.

Oudarro 447.

Oudeiiard 175.

Oudewater 155.

Overflac Inf. 16^,167.

Overmaeslnf. i6-j.

Over-ulac^ee Inf. ibid.

Ova--yjfel 158, 170.

Ovejfent Inf. 201.

Ovetum 209.

(?«^«e/i 294, 295, 296.

0«^«e/y 421.

O^iflf 2(58. Buried 109.

Oviedo 208, 209.

Oukjfer 421.

C«/(7 59.

Oxfo Scoglio 290.

OviK\i(ihhi 471.

0«re f /. 44.

0«>/rf fl^e/c. 354.

C«r/^«e Battle 224.

Ousbec Tartars 394.

(?/«k^ (/e/c. 410.
R r r r 2

PAccand 445,

Pachal(0Ktchf)ul>_defc.7i6<^.
Fachathcoul^ defc. ibid.

PaUolm Fl. 349, 350.

Fri^fy^i /«/. fl^e/c. 289.

Fadan-Aram defc. 354,

Paderborn 122, 123, 155..
Padoua^ Padua 247.

P^apolii 152.

pjimandrli 279*

P<£(iam ■ 541*

Patov'm 143,

Faeces 553,

Frfi;o(^ 428.

Pagstbuxs 420.

Fab an 206:

Paining 440.

PaUpaphos defc. 57 7,

FaLzpoli 292.

Palambuan 455,

Palamedes 284, 287.

Palatinat of the ii/;;;:? 129.
Palatiniti Inferior Rheni ibid.
F^/e 294.

F^/f7?e 278.

Palermo its Scituation, Buil-
dings and Haven 258.
Prf/ei- 211.

Falefiina 351,

Paleftine 3(^0, 3^1, 383,
Paleflrina 250.

Ftf/j? Count 103, III,

Palibothra, Palibotb£a 435,

Palimbam

295.

Palimban

45 5«

Palladium

342.

Pallecate

295.

Pallene

274*

Palma 247.

</^-.

531

,532.

i^almiis Fl.

$87.

Palmella

222.

Palmira

352.

Palmofa Inf. defc.

375-

Palmtree

573-

Palmpena

351-

Palm Liburnu

145.

Palm Mxotis po,

^66, 161,

582.

Pamaribo Fort

295.

PamaunJiee^ ■

592.

Pamberga

132.

Pambriotia

279-

P ambucl(^alafi

949-

PamijmFL,

283.

Pampelona

214.

Pamphylia.

345.

Pamprtii

144-

Pamyfm Fl.^

2,86.

Pan

500.

Panadacix

P7-

Panama

294.

Panama IJlmus

545-

Panama defc. 555

,-552,-570.

Parnanajiy Panai

ucan 455.

Panay

458.

Pandalla

262.

Pang ab Fl,

AM-

Pannonia

100, 1.23.

Panmnia Superior

109.

Panormus

278.

Panos

491.

Pans Pipe

350...

Pantaloiea Inf .

485.

Pantenm

494.

Panti:{apjcan

91.

Pamco

5-77-

Pa^nuco Vtoy.

587.

Fanueo

$19-

Fanyfm Fl.

286.

Packing

440.

Pawes

ICXD,

Faoting

438.

Papa

112.

Papeberga

132.

Fapeiiheim

138.

FApenheims

^37, 14?-

Faphia Inf. defc.

375.

F.aphia Cit. defc.

ibid.

y.aphlagomx

346.

Faphos Nova- defc

377,378.

BapU.

^43*

Papmanum 219.

Papom Land 469.

Papul 362.

Para " 294.

Paracanda defc% 411.

Paracelfm 140.

Faradifo 3.63.

Faradona 401,

Paracopolis 26 j.

Pardtonium 488.

Paragoya 457.
Paraguay 294, 545.
Paraguay Rto de la Plata

Para^ba . 294.

Parana 552.

Paranda 424.

Farapagia 279.

Paraymui 258.

Pai:entum 247-

Paren:^ ibid.

Pari a ^62, 553.

Farime Lac. 5(5o, 561.

Fario Inf, defc. 289.

Park 195, 289, 350.

—Its Coins, Weights and
Meafures 321.

Parifian Mailacre 192.

Pavma 19, 235^. its Dut-
chy 244. Its chief City,
Scituation, Compafs-and
Populoufnefs 244, 245.

Parmafan Cheefe 245.

Farmenio 403.

Farmon Fl. 350.

Farnafjm Mms 280.

Faropamifm 394.

Faros Inf. defc. , 289.

Parouflii 588.

Farrats (524.

Parrots Inf. 295.

Fartmrings 451.

Parthea 402.

Farthenions Temple 277.

Farthenim 240.

Farthia- 394, 395.

Fartbians 393.

Farthians^ defeated 350.

Fajfagaraes 402.

/'^/at 381.

Fafcataway FL 606.

Pafipbae. 2^0.

PA VET

Pajfage
Faffagio
Paffari
Fajfaw

Paffova

Fatacees

Fatagons

Fatala

Patalena

Patalene

Patane

Fatarium

$69^
208.
257..
1-24, 140..
283.
216.

547*
418.
ibid.
274..
295,433.
140.

Fatavinum Terrhorikm 226,
Pat avium 247.

P^te. 528,

Fathempolk 1^3,

Fathmos Inf. defc. 375.

Fathmetian 454*

Patim Inf. defc, 375'-

Frft«« 295, 417,420, 421.
Patoxv-mecl^ Fl, 594,

Patrat defc. 282.

St. F^?fw;(^47, 48. His Pur-
gatory 48. .
Fatrovijfk: 98^
PatuxentTL $94. ,
Pavaofan 535.
Frfx/fj? 243..
St, P/?h/ City 522.
St. F/?«/j- Valley 581.
Paulus Mmilim 275, 275.
Fauks SawnfatenHi 352.
Faufilypm JHons^ 254.
F^iv)* Battle 243..
Frfx Julia. 224.,
Payfavda 218.
Fays Peter 519.
Ftr/>/« 39. .
Fecheli defc, 438. .
Pecunia ' 399..
Fedana 227.
Pedemontium principatus 225,
239.
Fedcna 247. .
Fedufus 283.
F^^rt/rt 275.
Fe^« 295, 295, 432.
— ItsCoin 334, 339.
Feg« Riibies 345.
Ftfiwc • 344.
Peguntium 253.
.Fei/a. 107..

PE-

PE PF PH

ifeJiini defc, 498.

Ferifcow 401.

Vefrej,if ^BSi

Felagonia Regh 275.

Ferwfe 78.

Petra defc. 398;

P eland i85.

Pernambuco 294.

St. Pe^ri 225,250.

Belafgi 271.

Perpignan 219.

Petrogoriorum Chit, ■ 199.

Felafgia 282.

Perpiniamm- ibid.

Petfchen . 112.

Pelafgia Inf defc. 574.

Perfandt Fl. 149.

Pettapoli 295;

Pelicate 428.

FerfepolU defc. its ancient

Pe^t i4ii

Fe/zon 3/j«. 275.

Splendor and Riches 39 $,

Vet4n\a 78.

Pe//rt ibid.

400, 4oij 402.

Pff;^o>'<z ibid.

Felopidris 271, 278, 279.

Fer/?<2 344.

?fafenrvajfer 150.

Peloponefni 19.

Pe);^/^ its Commodities ,

Vffeimht 140,

Pelopomcfui 270, 271, 283.

Coins and Meafures 383,

VfynFl. 123.

flS</c. 282.

331, 332.

¥h<£cajia Inf. 289.

Pe/o/>j 282.

Fe>y7rf its Emp. defc. 407,

Vhanicia 35i,3<5o, 383.

Felufian 4.6^.

to 592.

?hixnicians - 20 3 ^

Pelufium 492, $00.

Fer/?*i« Gulph 343.

Ph alar as Vortus 278;

Pelyftenfis de Pelkz^ loi.

Fe>:^rfH Sea 343, 34^, 3^3,

Vhalarif 258.

Pemaqidd 605.

393» 399-

Vharamond 191.

Pemberry-- 600.

Perfians 242.- Defeat. 3 50,

Pharaoh 49 1»'

Pembro^ 33, 35. Earl of

3 5^.

Pharaohs Fig-Tree ibid.

Pembrolie 43.

Fer/?/i«j flain 279.

P/;/ire of Mejfina. 2^6,-

PemmapecJ(a. 600.

Fe)t/j 39, (^03, <5o4.

Pharia 2^3..

Pendeli Mo. 278.

Fertw F/. 219.

Pharnaces 549 -

Pender rich 294.

Fern 294, 544, 545, 555.

P/)rfroi- 2^3, 490..

Penemmde 150.

D(?/c. 555 to 559.

P/wrox Tower 499.

Pen^rf3 417.

Peruans 545-

Pharphat Fl. 353.

. PenicocJ^ 604.

Fern Kings $45, 577.

Pharfalian Fields and their

Peninfula on this fide the

Perugia 249.

Battles 275.

Ganges 423.

Pentgiams. Lacm and Com-

P;;^yjj- F/. 363,35^, 3d8,

— beyond 431.

pafs 250.

369,371..

Penquin $47.

Fer« Mines 558.I

Phenice Ef. 373* ■

Penquininf defc. $47,548.

Peru ft a 249.

Philadelphia. 598, 5oo.

Penfilvania Inf. 295. Perufmm Territorium 226.

Philadelphica defc. . 349.

Penfilvania defc. ^^-jtoSoi. Peruvla defc. $45.

Philemon 35,

Pentego Fl. $90.

Fe/rfra • 249.

Philip the Good ' 180.

Pentelitw Mo, 278.

Pefcarda PMt 291.

P/)?//j) King of Macedon 270,

Peonia 273.

Pefcenius Niger 350.

27 1 j 277.-.

Pepin the Short i-fz.

Pefchet Port. 3 9 0 j 3 9 1 •

Philip U. 457..

Pequin 344»4i3-

Fe/Ji,« 79.

Philipoli 27 3.^

■Per<« 272, 295, 433.

Pefienfis de Pefi 101.

Philippina 457.'

Per4^/j F/. 353.

F(?^ ^)t/jw 523.

Philippine Inf 294, 344,456, .

.Ferche 194, 197.

Petana 247.

457«-

St. Per do 215.

F^f^^'rf 583.

Philipsburgh n8, 130.

P£regienfis de Ferit^aT^ loi.

Petaviuftr 143. WiUpftowir- " 45.

P^r^rf 277.

Fe^^iw ibid.)

PhilipviUe 180..

Pergamus defc. 347.

St. FefeKj' Church at ilo;«e.

Philifiins Land ' 360. .

P^r^e/ 82.

its length and. breadth

Philocandros Inf-. 289* ,

Pmco /«yi $59.

248.

Philomela 2814.

Psrigort 194, 199.

St. Prf-erj- Patrimony 250.

Philoparmeiis . 27 1 i ..

P.irigueux. 199.

VeterWaraditi' 105.

Phlegra. 274. .

PeriUa^ 258.

Pet Hi am 227.

P/(.'3C/w 360.'.

r.mntbm 272.

Pefoi© 143,

P/;oc^/i< 271 j- =3 48.^
P/;aci^f»£j

vn VI

Vbodans 201,

281.

Pbacif 277,

281.

Phocufa Inful.

289.

Fhdtbw

375-

Phole Mo.

285.

Phoronia

ibid.

PboYomui

284.

Phraata

401.

Phraates

ibid,

Phmr'mm Prom.

377.

Phrygia major

^M'

Phrygia minor

ibid.

Phut

472.

Pljyle

278.

Ptacenxa

245.

Piafliii a Duke

81.

Pica Gens

227.

Piccardy

194.

Pichamauls

453-

Pico

$30.

PiiiavoYum Civit.

98.

Pias 21,37,^

[0, 43-

Piedmont 18. ^235.
Piemont 3

Defc.

239.

Piergo

273.

Pieria

352.

Pigantia

2<53,

Pigiada

284.

Pigivitas

367.

Pigmalton

377.

Pignerol 118,227,240.

Piidna

275.

Pilfen

i5$-

Pimble Mere

34-

Pinaptimi

464.

PharoliHm

240.

Pinarob

ibid.

Pindm Mons

277-

Pinefer Mom

141.

Pingiany

439-

Pin'jang

443

Pinnenberg

Phiola

483

Pinmnde Velex^ Fort

473

pjiuki

Pinturia

531

Piombino defc.

253

Piongo

447

Miremont

136

PiroboYJdava

Pimm

.98

Ftfa defc.

251

417

.PI PL PO

PifagaH :

Pifana

Pifcaria

Pifcatarvay

Pifcium Mitre

Piftda

Ptfidia

Pifino

Piftoya

Pitari

Fitavia Pitau

Pitba

Pitigliam

PittacHS

Pityufa Inf.

Pixos

Pi'^^ctrin

Placentia

Placenta

Plaifance Bay

PlaitTi

Planixja Fl.

Plata $5i> 554

400.
227.
274.

Podolia
Poe Fl.
Peel

604. « Poeffa Inf defc.

545

271

La Plata

De la Plata

Platanius Fl.

Plate Inf

Platea

Plato

Plamn^s ^

Plaimimi:-

P lathee ''?^ ;' -^

Plavialie

Plena Fl.

Plefcou

Pleskaro

Plindenbmgh

Plinies where born

Plcc^

Ploen

Piuitalia ■

Pluitania

Plumbini pinc'ipatns

90.
487.
345.
227.
252.
420.

85.
69.

252.

374«
ibid.

$(52.

558.
245-
208.
293.
123.

28d.

Fl. 552,
553-

84, 87, 88.

229, 234.

118.

375.

285

198.

194.
$69.

87,

197.

247.

84, 87.

, I9> 20.

80.

81.

82.

ibid.

Plufio
Plufarch
Pluto s Fane
Plymouth
Plymouth Colony
Po Fl.
Pocmokf Pi'

559-
294.
281.

559-

279.
494.
278.

349-
107.

531-

262.
75, 78.

147.

III.

244.

85, 86.

5^.

531-
ibid.

2 2(5,
227.
212.
279.
286.
608.

ibid.
49.

594-

Poitiers and its Battle

Poi^QU

Point Negrel
Pol^atia
St. Pol de Leon
Pola
Polaguia
Poland

— Defcription
— Original
— Commodities
—City of Salt
—Rivers
—Garb, Religion, Cavalry,
Gentry, Horfes 83.
^Weapons and Divifions
84.
— Ifpper and Lower
Polecaftty
Pdefta
Poligni
Polinices
PoUcroon
Pollina
PoUiopjce
Polocx]^
Polo:!±

Poly&gos Inf defc.
Polybius
St. Polycarp
Polydore Virgil
Poma Cydonia
Fomonia
Pompelon
Pompeiopolk
Pomerania n8.

Pompey 275,

271

Pompeys Pillar
Pons Mdvius
Font d' Efficl(^
Pont Fella
Ponte Noli
Fonte MoUe
Ponte Vedra
Fonteba

PonticI^ Cherfonefns
PonticHm Mare

85.
254.

87.
125.

278.

459-
273.
242.

84.

85.
289.
285.

348.
249.
290.

41.
214.

91.

i49»
i$o.

347,350^359.

defc.

A99'
248.
112,

I45f
227,
248.
209.
145.
89.-
ibid,
Pontius

Pontius Pilate 359.

PotttHs 34(5.

Pontus de Id Garde 70.
Poiitus de laGardie 78.

Pool Jonm 623.

Popajam $62.

Pop ay en 5<?3.

Pope his Eftates 248. His

Titles 249, 2<;o.

Popiel K. 85.

Forc^i 295.

Porcelain 433.

Porcelane 440.

Porei^ 143.

Porf Antonio 569.

F(3>td Fort 223.

Port Dt?//)e a!e/c. 547, 548.

Portugues lols
Porti4f BritannicHi
PortHs Calenfis
Partus Gallorum
PortKi Gefforiacus
FortPts Hercole
Portui Jecim
Partus Lauretanus
Partus magnus
Partus Mormorum
Partus Pyrms
Porm 414,

Porw Inf.

PR PS PT

Vrefler Chan
Vrejler Jan
?etronel
Vrevefa Inf.
Vriamam

247,

295:

5id.
ibid.
143.

275.
295.

Pofega

Port Famine
Port GaUant
Port St. George
Port Julian defc.
Port Lovif
Port St. Maries
Port des Moles
Port Morant
Port Royal
Port Veneris
Porta de la Plata
Porta Ferrea
Portelegre
Portiw Gratia
Porto

Porto d'Ale
Porto Belo
Porto Farina
Porto Ferraio
Porto Ferraro
Porto Li one
Porto Longone
Porto Raphai
Porto Rico
Porto Santo
Porto SanHo Inf
Porto Seguro-
Portquejfen
Portfmouth

549-
ibid.

5^9-
548.
197.
210.
$30.

5*9-

5^9,515.

218.

371.
224.
195.

203, 222, 223.
295.

02.
485.
227
227,

Pofegienfis de Pofega

Pofen

Pofna ' .

Pofon

Pofonienfts de Pofon

Pojjmum

Potamia

Potegliam

2(5o, 261.

?rime Vifter hisOffice,Great'
nefsand Power 380.
?rimero 559,

Prince Inf. 555.

Printing invented 117, 128.

Patqfi

552, 558, 559-

Portugal 18, 19. Defc. 221,
222, 223.

Portitguefes their Countries,
Forts, and other places
in the Eaji and Weft-In-
dies 294, 295.

Fotofi Mines

Poumaron 5<5o.

Powhatan Fl. 592.

Porvii Caflle 34.

Powis Land 33.

Powleway 2 9 5.

Poyenl(Atanli^ 592.

Fo>7z^f Mont. 286.

Pox^olo 254.

PraccUis Bank one hundred

Leagues long 435.

Prmejle 250.

Prxfidium Julium 224.

2 $ 8 . 1 Pr£toria Augufta 9 8 .

278. Pratorium Agrippina 165.

2$8.\Praga, Prague 117.

Defc. 154.

Prague and its Battle 154.

Precop 90, 91.

Precopenfis 8 p.

Precopia 91.

?regnit7^ 149.

V res hour g 109.

Vresburgb l$6.

Vreftaine 35.

Presbyter or Vrefter John his

Dominions 411,412,413.

Prefflannes 410.

Prefter Johns Kingdom 5,10,

Vrocbyta Inf.
Vrometheus 342

Vromontorium Iceum
Vromontorium Sacrum
Fromontorium Sunium
Froponiff 2^9, 271

Vroferpines Fane 29^.

Vrofna R. 85.

VroftaviT^a 258.

Vroteftants firft fo named

259.
355.
194.
224.
278.

278.
570.
294.

533-
494.

600.
60S.

Provence

Providence

Provincia Patrtmonii

Prucl^

Prunes Port

Prufa

Prujias

Prufta Ducat.

Prufia Royal

Prujfia

Pfalt^

Pfalt:^ Grave

Pfalt^ die Rhein

PfammenitHS

Pfammitichus

Pfara Inf

Pfiloriti Mbns

PfyUi

194

118.

201.
5o8.

225.
143.
538.
347.

ibid?

84.

84, 85.

130.
ibid.

49i:

Pfyra
Ptotomms
494.

129.
492..
492.

574-
290.

514.

354-
the Geographer
His Birth place

Lagus

500.
492.

5IU

Ptolomaus
Ptolomais

Ptolomais Ferarum
Ptolomeus Pkiladelphns 495,
— His Library 499*

Ptolomies of Egypt ten 492*
Ptolomy AuLetes ibi^o.

Ptolorny 4^5..

Ptoiomy PhiUddphii& 550.^

TT -PU VY Qtl

l^tuUen dorf 159.

Vuhang 435.

Vuuerdan 218.

Vuig Cerdd ibid.

Vuig de Cerda. ibid.

Vuloam 457'

P«/o Caceim 433.
P««t7/z ^e/ Emperador 213.

Tatar es AngujlU 89.

Vuteoli -2-54.

P«t)^en 1(54-

P«t^n -551.

Pj/Ziie CzVzcfrf 350.

Py<e Hyberu .371.

P^//^ -283.

Vy leans 2B6.

Vylus 283.

Vyramids Af. 343.

pyramids in E^^'/'f 498.

P^jrewe 20(5.

P>r^nd<?« Treaty 125, 178,
199, 239.

Vyrenei Montes 2o5, 213,
-219.

Vynh£a 275.

P>n7j«j 271, 275.

Vyrrus 285.

Vythagoras 374, 494.

P;y^A/^ 281.

QZ;rf^i 157-
Quahutatmc $78.

Siuancheu 44 1 .

J^rfw^ 438-

/2«'i«o 447-
SiuanfiVmy. defc. 442.

Jiuanjin 440.

Shantung 438, 441.

Quaretaro 579.

Queada 433.

Qiiebec 293.

Quebecl^ 61^.

QuedeUngbHYg 152.

Queenborow 85.

Queens County 45.

Queens Town 4<5.

Quekheu 438.

Quelpaerts 443.

J2«ewoy . 438.

QU RA

Quercetum 180.

i2«ercy 194,199.

Quefnoy 180.

Quicheu 440. Prov. 442.

Quidlingbmg 117.

Quieras 240, 241.

Quierquene 487.

/^r/w 442.

Quilimane 294.

j:^«z7o^ C^/. ibid.

j^«z7o« 527. K/ng. 528.

Qumper Corentin. 197.

QuinShnopolif 194.
Quinque Ecclefi£ 112,113.

St. Quhitin 194.

Qstn^ay 441.

QuinTioy 413.

Qiiirandies 552.

j:^rw i/e/c. 371.
/^zVo 55^, $-^9, 294.

Quivhia defc. 5 8 5.

Quiyang 442.

i^wV 481.

J2««f? 440.

Quyanycabauuc 592.

RA IIE

RAjS F/. 105,

^^^3 //|/I 104

Raamah . 389, 391

/?<i3 105

ild^rtf 471,

RacJ^lefpurg 143,

RacotU 490, 502.

RadamanthHi 288, 290

Radicofani 252

Radn'ie Fl. 149,
Radnor 33, 34, 35,

Radolphw Earl 1 1 7,

Rajfifquc 50(5

/l<r^ Point di(5
/Jrf^ej- 354. defc. 404

Ragotzj 99

Rcgotfi Prince 105

Ragufa J 8, 19

Ragufa defc. 264

Rajapour 426.

/irfjrtV defc. 417,419,

Rainero 274,

Raksanabes 487.

Raleigh Mount.

^22,

Raljana

5^0.

Ramadan

583.

Ramafis

490.

Rammeliens

167.

Rampo Nardo

274,

Rampo Pineto

ibid.

Ranas

420.

Rantipore

ibid.

Raperchfwill

230.

Rapersvila

ibid.

Raphoe

48,

Rappahanoc R.

592.

Raritan R.

602. 61L.

Rafcan K. of Maldive Iflands

449,

Rafchit

$00.

Rafcia

266,

Rafigar

426,

RajlacJ^

390.

Rat d' E^ypt

495.

R athnl-Albagh defc. .^388.

Ratiaftum

i99'-

Ratibor

157.

Ratubone

140.

Ratten-Sea

90,

Rat:{eburg

150, 153.

Rat^enmark} Inf

104.

Rava

86.

Ravee Fl.

417.

Ravenna

249, 254.

Ravensburg

136.

Ravenfperg

139.

Raveflein

1 85.

Rawey Flum.

420,

Rawleigh Sir Pf.

$30, 5do,

5di, 592.

Rax_amilara

484.

Raze

616,

Reading

6o2.

Realeo

$84.

Rebbata a S. Tritu 351.

ile3ecc(?

354-

Rebujan

458»

Rechberg

137.

Redjijlum

272.

Red-Heads

398.

Rednitz,Fl.

133, 138.

Red Sea 381,38

2,390,462,

466.

Tfei ^/jrf/i^

41.

Ree Inf.

201.

Kegensbergb

RE RH

Regenshergh i^o.
Reggh - 244.

Regia, $6 p.

Regia Altera 43.

RegiHianw ■ 267.

Regio 25^.

Regium Lepidi 244.

Regno di Napoli 23$.

Rchobhvn 359.

Reja^'jur 425.
Reinero ^ 274.

. Rcnjrew 40.

Rennes 197.

Rensbmg 57.

Refanskoy Ofera 79.

ile/c/jf 394.

Refem Inf. 296.

Refid'mm 501.
Republicit Genuenfis 227,
241.
Respublka iMcen/zi- 227,23 5.
Refpublka S. Marini 227.
RelpublicA Venettt - 226.

Rejichowa 78.

Retimo 291.

Revenge 2<^6.

Loi Reyes $59.
ile^^^H 75, 78.

RhitriHi 394.

Rh£tia 233.

A/jef/i 230.

Rhaguma 391.

Rhamata 353.

Rhamnm 278.

/1/W/7J- 387.

Rha^mda defc. 402.

il/;e F/. 7^.

Rheas Temple 3^(5.

iv/;efi<f 43.

il)?)ei.t 135.

A/je^w 255.
Rhegma 389, 391.

Rheimes 196.

Rheinecl^ 230.

Rheine Hinder 121.

Rheneia Inf. 288.

Rhcnen 168.

Rhenw Anterior 121.

Rhenm Pofterior ibid,

RhenvM Fl. ibid.

Rbej:an 73.

A/jz^M 43.

RH RI

R/j/nff F/. 121, 122, 170,
189, 229,232, $13.
Rhine Palat. 19.

7l/;z«e Vorder 121.

Rhium Promontortum 280.
/i/jo^ 354.

7l/;orff ibid.

Rhobogni 43.

TlWrf 218.

RhodajiHi Fl. 193.

Rhodes 344, $40.

Rhodes Inf. 375.

Rhodians 203, 218.

Rhodighinum Territorium226.
Rhodope 218.

Rhodui Cit. defc. ^j6.

Rhodw Inf. defc. its Com-
pafs, Soil and Air 375,

375.
Rhone Flu. 193, 233, $13.
/i/jo/e« F/. 232.

R/;o/He F/. 234, 238.

Rhotomagm 195.

Rbufuccora 482.

Rhuteni 73.

il/jy/i F/. 1 21 J 124.

ilzrt/fo 24(5.

/vi/irf C>(>tM 214.

RibagorcA ibid.

Riben:^al SpeHrum 15$.
Richard I. 378.

RidolFl. 35.

Az^rf , 75-

Az^rf its ComraoditieSjCoins
Weights and Meafures,

322.
Az-(vz 381,

iiZ/TZd 29<5.

Rimini 249.

Tlzwo Crt/?rz 279.

laRinconada ~ 580.

Rinfted 60.

Rio 294.

Tlz'o Demur ary ■ 295.

/Izj Efequebe Fl. ibid.

Jlzo Grande 46$.

/Iz'a r/e /rf Hacha $62.

Rio Janeiro 294, $5$.
/l/o (/e /oj- Infantes 4(5$.

Rzo 5. Julian 547.

/l/'on^ F/. 365.

Az'o Owr? 50$.

S f f f

RI RO

if ?(j Poamaron
Ripaile
Ripen

Riphaan Mo.
Riphtci Monies
Rifenbirg
Rifienfts
Kijfadirum
Ritburg
Rivadeo
Rivan defc.
River Horfe Fl.

29$*
238.

58.

79-
1 55*
123.
101.

473-
135.

209.
364.
^66.

Riviera diGenoua 235,241.

Roan 195. Its Coins and
Meafures 322.

Roanol^e 590.

Robinjon W. Efqj 45.

La Roche en Ardenne 18 1.

Rochefort 182.

Roche I 198.

RofiJn $$7.

Rocroy iBi.

Rodamus Fl. 229.

Rodanum i^j.

Rode Inf 60B,

Rode le Due 187-

RodericJ^ 204, 209.

Rodejle 272.

Rnde7i_ 99'

Rodolphine Branch 141.

Rodopolii 1 5.

iioiorzci(^K. of Gof/jJ 48 3.

Rodofto 272.

Roefeild 620.

Roer Fl. 122,169.

Rohaczpw 86.

Rohai defc. 5 54.

Rohan drians 558.

Roland Bell 175.

iloW«c 187.

iloOTd/i Cz>. flain 250.

Romandiola 226, 249.

Romania, Romelia, Romeli

270, 271. Defc. 282,

283. Its Soil and Air

271.

Romania 18, 225.

Romans 21, 115, 22(5, 359,

Romans 200000 uzm loi.
Romans defeated 250,

2S4-
Romans

Romans tlieir Coins 299,

500. Treafury 301.

Weights and Meafures

301, 302.
Rome 23$. defc. 248, 249.
Rome its Coins , Weights

and Meafures 322.

RO RU RY :RZ SA

Romidi

Ronas Root

Roiice VuUes Battle

Roneiglione

Roorfibwch

Rofano

Rofis, Rofes

Rofchibt

-— ' Treaty

Rofcommon C. 49. Town 50.

381.

3^5, 397-
220.

250.

Ids.

255-

218.

,5o.

61.

Rofctta

Rofette

Rofienne

Rofmarchmm

Rofve 193.

Rofi

Roffaimm

Rojfi

464, 500.

490.

87.

40.

Fl. 200.

40, 47.

255.

Rofia^ the Stage-player his

dayly pay 300.

R(ij}hoH l6->l^'

Rnjloct^ defc. 151.

Rojhf 74-

Rotaf 420.

Rot,f{ defc. 354.

Rotenburg 133.

Rntemrum Ci. 1$^.
Roferdam,Roterodamum 1 54.

Roterdam Fort 296^.

RoieviUa 230.

Rotheiitarn 109.

Rothes Caftle 40.

Rothomagiff 195.

Rotterdam 122.

Rotweel ibid.

Ratrveil 230.

Rotmel 139.

Rot:^lhcl^ i^i*

jRovew 195.
Rover gne J 94, 199.

Rovigo 247.

Roufi Hon defc. 219.

Ao«J[y Eai-ldom 181.

ilorp/y <5o8.

^oxana 27$.

Roxburgh.

Roxbury

RoxnUni

Royalets

Roy d' Tvetot

Ro^elgate

Riiba Fl.

Rubrkat Fl.

RubrkcitHf MeU

Rudiil^hm s Table

Rujifque

Rugtn Inf

Rugen-Wall

Rumelia.

Rms

Rupella

P. /iMjfeJti- R.

il«rrf F/.

Ruremond

Ruremonda

Rufaceuran

Rufader, Rufadir

Rufcarar

Rufcimm

Rufcurian

Rufibii

Ruficada

Ruficibar

Rufipifis

RHJpiv.a

Rufi Fl.

Rujfes

Ruffja

Rufjia Alba.

RuJJia the Great

Rufpa Nigra

Rufub'i

RHfiibitkari

Rutubii

Rutuli

Ruygenh'ill Inf.

Ryffadium Prom.

Ryjjel

R:i^ec^\Ch

39-
608.

73-
543-
195-
391.

82.
217.
486.

155-

293, 295.
u8, 149.

149.
277.

3^7.
198.
5i8.

122.
159.
ibid.

482.

473.
482.
219.
482.

• 47^.
484.
483.
ibid.
485.
233.
410.
18.

73-
ibid.

84.

475.
483.
475.
250.
155.
$o(5.
J75.
26.

232.

226,

A an Idol
Saal

Saara
Saar Lorn

491
.344
386

J 25.

SA
Saba Inf. ^S^, 574.

defc.
295.
404.
389.
109.1
389.

Saba de Val defc.
Sabaa defc.
Sabaria
Sabata

Sabathra, Sabatra, Sabrata
487.
Sabatja
Sabutta
Sabaudia
Sabandia propria
St. Sabba
Sabeans
Sabina
Sabina Terra
Sabhmecra its

250.
389.
237.
ibid.
262.
510.

225.

250.

Scituations

and Gardens

Sabionetta

De Sable Point

Sab I eft an

Sabou 295.

Sabulonet£ Dux

Sabur R.

Sacara

Sacathay

Sacathy

Saccai

Sacania

Sacer Lucik

Sacher Inf. defc.

Sachims ^pj

Sachfen

Sacvon

Sac7[]ia

Sadelli

Saffa

Saffron

De Sag

Sagamors

Sagan

Sagel

Sagium

Sagorienfis de Selfia

254.
245.

573-
394-

507.

227.
471.
495.
394.
410.

447.

382.

91.

374.
5o8, 609,

147.

Saguntium
Sahala
Sahid
Saintes

Les Saintes Inf.
Saintoigne 19 1
Sajoja
\Saii

2I2«

»55'
253.

475.
349-
101.

509.

157.
483.
195.

lOI.

212.
453.

497j 498, 499-

199.

293.

194, 199.

447.

492.

Saiviu.

203,

Saivin

19$'

Sa%am

443-

Sal(sal^

495-

Sal

219.

SalFl.

141.

Sala Fl.

129.

Salado R.

552.

Saladine

300.

Salamanca

216.

Salamina

^76.

Salamine

ibid.

Salamis

ibid.

Salamis Inf. and City 288.

Salajpi 259.

Salatia 224.

Salcumbrona 225.

iSaUji 482,483.

Salduba 213.

Sale Fl. 134.

Sal eh Sultan 500.

Salem 60S.

Salerno 254.

Salin 125.
Salinji 93, 239, 240.

Salines Port 377.

Salifburgum 140.

SalUbury 3 1 .
Salladienfis de SaUaypar loi.

i'rti/)' or ^.t/e 471.

Salodorum 230.
iSrf/o/u 227,280,281.

Defc. 2d 3.

Salonichi defc. 274.

Salonicbi Gulpli ibid.

5rfj[/:» • 219.

Salsbury 5o8.

SalfuU 219..

Saltpetre Hill 4^$, 465.
5<i/t«:f Cafiutonenfis 207.

54/f^d F/. 123.

SaltT^ach Fl. 140.

Salt:i^bourg 139, 140.

Saltxpurg 105.

S"rf/« 471.

Salvador 542.

St. Salvador C. 522. /«/.

57$-
Salvages Inf 553.

i'^z/we 239, 240, 237.

Saluces 199.

Salvoy 237.

Salute 239.

Salutiarum Marchionatm ,
239.

SaluT^T^o 239, 240.

'S'<?/y 469.

Samara 409.

Samaria 359, 360.

Samaritans 359.

Samarobriga , Samarohrma
194.

Sambal 417, 420.

Sambos 40.

Sambraca 218.

^drw^re F/. 187.

S'^fwert §11, 515.

Samian VelTcIs 375.

Sammacbidefc. 372.

Samogitta 84,87.

Samoides 410.

Samora 204.

Samos City o'e/c. 374.

S'dwx //?/. (^e/c. 291, 344.

S'rf/nw /«/. its Compafs 374.

Samofatha 357.

Samot brace Inf. ' 288.

Sarnw or Samofch R. 99.

Sana F I. 232.

Sanaa 390.

Sane err e 198.

San^a Clara $38.

Sanila Crux ^474, 574.

San^a Cruj^Marq. 530.

San^a Domingo Inf. 293.

^dw/Zd Fee §52, 584.

San^a Laure Mont, 274.

SanSfa Martha ^62.

San^a Maura 2 7 5.

SandalijtU Inf. 258.

Sand ana 98.

Sandiva Inf. 432,

Sandomiert:^ 85.

Sandomira ibid.

Sandport 187.

Sandy hooliC 603.

Sandy Point 573.

Sandwich 60B.

Sanevenin 200.

Sanghuar Capt. 40.

Sangiaclis 351.

Sangiac^ Hugemnet or 5"^-
//«e 380.

Sangiar ibid.

Sanj'alvador 555.

Sfff 2

^<iw/(35 434;,

■S^/jf/t Cwe:^^ 7/j/; 293,

^d/jfrf Cr«re 2<54,2(55.

Santarim 224.

Santee R. 590.

Santiago Port 538,

Santorum Civit. 199.

Santos 555.

Santulit 186,

San Vincent e 294.

Saphaon ^99'

Sapias ^6j.

Sapor es 223.

'S'<i/)p/jo 374.

Sarabat Fl. 350.

Saracens 270, 31^0, 38^,
387.
Saracens difcornfited 197.
Sardinia 18, 19, 22. /«/.
235. ^/c. 258.
Saraednea ■ . 393.

S'/jr^t^oc^t 2 1 3*

Saragojfa 207.

^^ir^^e 38^, 387.

Sarano 252.

Sarbrucl^ 1 26.

Sarc 394,

Sarcelle 483,

Sardanapalw 349,355,393.
Sardegna Inf. 258.

Sardiidefc. 347,

Sardon Inf. 258.

SardonicHi Rifm 258.

5'rfre F/. 1 25.

Z.dS'iireHrt 551.

Sargaciavs 90.

Sargans, 230.

Sarienjis de Saraz_^ i o i,
Sarines §57,

Sarmarchand defc. 410,41 r.
Sarmatia Afiatica 408.
Sarmatia Afiaticl^ 355, 371.
Sarmatia Europa 73.

Sarmatia Ewopxa 91,

Sarmatji 124.

Sarmatians 97,

S arm atici Monies 123.

Sarmaticwn Mare 89,

Sarmium 106.

Saron Gulph 288.

5'<i>-L)7 Sj«r'<2 433.

i'^OTit 457,

SA SC

Sarviti Fl.
Sarunga.
Sarwar
De Sartvar

io6

447

109

lOI

Sarwi:^a
Sarzana

104
242

Sajjimage 200, 201,

Sajfino Inf. 273

Safquejfjamugh R. 594

Satigan 42 1

Sattalia 349,350

Saturn 290.

Saturma 225.

i'tfi/rf 404.

Savage Coaft $5o.

Savana's 590.

Savaria 143.

St. S-dw^/J^f 188.

Save Fl. 26oy 261, 26 j.

Savens R. 475'

5^/tvo 242. //i/'. 296.

Savolay 70.

Savonet 242.

5<ii;(y 18,19. rfe/c.235,237.

Saufomburg 134.

Sauvay dej'c. 4°4*

5<i^«* F/. loi, 122.

SabHiy Saba, Saw, Save Fl.

ibid.

Saxambk 487.

Saxenhaufen 133.

5'<ra:on Lawenbuyg 1 5 3 •

i'^ixon Heptarchy 21,22.

i'jxoHjr §5.

5'rfxywj' 19, 118, 134. De/f.

145, 147, 148.

^iiySraoi^^ 608.

5d;%^e 447.

Scabalin 224.

Scabnlifcn*. ibid.

i'wvo 273.

. Scagen 58.

S'rd/rf Port 375.

i'caiiw 167.

Scamlm and F/. 279.

Scandaroon defc. 352, 353,

Sc under 369.

Scanderbeg 2.64, 273.

Scanderic 499.

Scatidia ' $9'

SaaiulinavLi x8,

Scaphufta 230.

Scarborough 608.

Scarpante Inf. defc. 375-

Scariis 290.

^c^m^ 58.

Scedafw 279.

Scempfat 352.

^ce/z^t F/. 244.
Schaffhaufen 229, 230, 232.
i'c/w/w 351, 353.

Schamach'ii defc. 372.

Schawenburg 1-2,6.

SchecmafJje 272.

Schehere^ul 380.

ScheUbmg 97.

Scheld R. 17^,189.

ScheUing 166.

Schemnitz^ 109.

Schencl^Smice 170.

Scheneberg M. 123.

Scbenifcari Fl. ^66.

Scheni^n-Schans^ 122.

Schetland 41.

Scheveling 1 64.

Scheya Fl. 104.

Schiahrazur ^$6.

Schiedum 16$.

Schksbourg 98.

S^himnitz^ 112.

Sch'mta 11-3.

Schinufa Inf^ 289.

Schiovonia 262.

Schiroi defc. 358, 400.

Schironides Rupes 281.

Schhufium 400.

Schirwan 3-94.

SchlavonJct 260.

SMeften^Scblefingen 157.

Scblefiad 181.

Schletia 86.

Schneberg 123.

Schornberg D. 47.

Schnnen 55, (5(5, 59, (5i,r5o.

Scbonhouen, Schonljovia 164.

Schouton 547>

Schowen 167.

Schremnitz^ 110.

>Sf/j«^ /»/. 104.

Schwaben 1.31-, I3<5, 138.

Schvcanberger Albin 123.

Schwartz F I. \<,6.

.Schwartzburg 147.

SC SE

Schvcarzlmburg 230.

Schwatz_ J45«

Schweidnitz_ * 57*

Schiverin 1 50.

|5c/j»7?!/o>t 133.

Schwitzerlandt defc. 228,
229, 230, 231.

Schmtzers 229.

Schyr achat b 492.

S'cww 353.

Sciamta ^g6.

Sciathm Inf 288.

Sc'iburgium '98.

Sciltaro 268,

Scio 287. /«/. 3.44. De/c.

574, 383-
5'r//)70 - 48(5.

5't7roj- 288, 344.

Scituate 608.

Sclaves 154, 2i5i.

Sclavonia i8, 21, 112.

D(?/c. 2(5o, 2(5 1, 381.
Sclavonia propria 260.

Scodra 26^.

ScogUos 28-8.

Scopelim Inf. ibid.

Scorgia ^6^.

Scotland 37, 43, 18, 19, 20,
21.
5'cofs- 37.

Scoiicen 349.

Scudari 2.64,

Scupelo 288.

5'c«})i 5(57.

Scutari ' 347.

^cVrrf 274.

iSryZ/rf 7v.«])ex 257.

59^/;^ 73, 27 1-, 378.

Scytbia extra i^ intra hnaum

4P7-

Scythian Cherfonefips 8 9 .

Scythians 97.

ScythicHi Pontm 8 p.

Scythium Promontorium 289.

Sea^gjian 18.

—Baltic}^ I pi

_B/rtC)t . 18.

—Euxin ibid;

— Frozen ibid.

— Mj>" Maggiore ibid.

— ^l7'rfr rff Marmora ibid;

^-^Vrfre Z-j/we/i ibid.
5r.^

■Sea Mare Propontis 18.

— Afediterraman ibid.

— Palifi Miotk ibid.

— Tanais ■ ibid.

— White ibid.

— Zabaque ibid.

Seaconk^ 60S.

Seals Bay. 542.

Seba 389.

Stbaka $02.

6'ei^_/?j 355.

Sebajlia 350.

St. Sebaflltn 208.

Sebajiian Cabot ibid.

St. Sebajiian and Silver

■ Mines §82.

Sibaftiopoia 547.

Sebendmum 218.

Sebenico defc. 26^.

Sebenit 500.

Sebenites 492.
Sebemii 491, 500.

Sebennitian 4^4.

Sebeskeres Fl. 1.04.

.Se3« i^. 414.

Sec^vi 143.

^L-i/ Fatima 405.

5'(?a'Ke 395.

SedmUm. 233.

6'ei?:^ 195.
6'efi -S/j^i 404, 40 5, 417.

6V^rfr /I. 549.

Segebert $7.

6"?^?^ 104.

Segelomejfa. 504.

Segefivar 98.

Seghex Inf. defc. 374.

Segodumm 199.

Scgontia, Segmtia 216.

Secontia^ Secuntia ibid.

SegontialaUa. ibid.

Segolia , Segulta 215.
.S't'^or, 5e^^-(? F/. 217,218.
Segorbe^Segorve^gobrega 213.

Segovefw 190.
Segnvia 207, 21$.

Segovia New 453.

Segovitz^a 261.

Segttia de la Front era 581.
Segitfinm Marchionatm 239,
240.

SegupHm, Segufia 240.

Les Seiches de Barbary 487.

Seidefchecher 349.

Seididag 274.

5?///(« F/. 1 2^.

5ew F/. 355.

Seine Fl. 193.

5'e,(^oa? 143.

Selangar 69.

Selburg 62.

Seleucfye-Jelber 352.

Seleuchia 351, 352, 402,

410. Dc/c. 355.

Seleucm 352, 3<5(5.
i'e/Zw 3 $5, 398,403.

"Se/z/?; Emp. 493.

Selimbria 272.

Selimus fecundm 374.

5?%^ 39.

^e/Z^j 471.

5e/<Te 293.
^e/yw^y the FiVft 350,364.

Semana Silva 1 24.

Semenaut 491.

Semendera 26 j.

SemigaUia 8$.

Seminaui $00.

Semiramii 356, 444, 4i(5.
Semlyquienfis de Semlyn i o i .

•kS'e/jrf 294.

j'encw F/. 244.

5'enafe 417.

5'!?n(/o $11.

Sendricl^ Mai. 453.

i'ene/' 180, 184.

Senega 455, $05.

Senega Fl. 293.

Senenfis 2^7.

SengaGallica 213.

Senglea $47.

5i?«M 253.

Senigaglia 249.

.Scn/« 195.

5'enndKingd. §13.

Sennar $10.
St. vye/io^Wi.Monaft. 502.

Seno-Gallia 249.

vSejj/^t iT/o/ix • 285.

^e/)/? 97!

Septem Cajlra ibid.

Sequana Fl. 193.

Seraglio 384.

Seraglio de^\. 272.

5'ef'rf/ 408, 409.

5"er/ip» an Idol 491.

Serapk Fane 498.

■Serrfjjii's Temple 390,500,

Sereim 261,

Seres 407.

Serej^ana 242.

^e^/i' /«/: 289.

Sergiiis 383,

Serigippe 294.
S'e) i«i Count, i o 5, 1 1 2, 1 1 3._

JeKz/ii Fort lotf'.

Serinfwar 113.

Seriphoslnf. 289.

Sermien 260,

Sernere 394.

Seronge 420.

Serpbanto Inf. 289.

Servan 394.

i'l.TVM 18, 21, 383.

Servia defc. 266.

Servia Maritima ibid.

Servia Mediterranea ibid.

Sejiiaria 473.

5e/?oj- 272.-

5'ef §11.

SethtaMons 290.

Setines 277.

Setubai 224..

Setdval 22 2;

Sevagi, Sivagt Hijl. . 42.5.

-Sev^^n Cophties 49 1 •

Sevenbergen 16$,

Les Sevennes Mont. 193.

17 Provinces. Vide, Low--

i'e'i/en-ffb/^e/i • 172.-

Severiana 34^.

St. Severine 254..

i'everw /I. 34, $94.

SevierJil 84.-

5m/ rfe/c. 207, 209, 2 1 5.

S'evi/jf two principal Coun-
cils held there 210. .

5m/^ Commodities, .Coins,-,
Weights and MeaH 525^.

S'lfi^o -^o/rfe 70, 1 2 g.- .

S'ex, Sexifirmumy Sexitammr

212..

Seyfian 622. ,

Sctifaciacesi

SA SF SH

-ST

S as f -tehees Mon.

290.

Sfefiigrade

273.

Sha

395

Sha Abbas

3^5

Sha Sefi

564

Sha Sophi

395

Shaba/fj

510

Shannon R. 44, 47, 50-

Shapor 420.

Sbarmely defc. 35§.

Shat 357, 511.

Sheba 389.

Sherax_^ 400.

Shetland $5.

5'/;eB'/t $ir.

^^zcor 453.

5'/;iA/;?>- $13.

Shinar 410, 414.
Shirley Sk Roben 401, 404.

Shirvan 394.

Shot I and 41.

Shnure 44.

Shrewsbury 604.

Shurt R. 71.

•Sw/^ 292, 295, 295,

5ww ieyc. 433.
i'Mw its CommoditieSjCoins

Weights and Meafures

33^5 337.339,344-
Sianguang 440.

Siaphas defc. 400.

Siattalnj: 288.

5'f^<« 417.

Siberia 73,79,410.

Sieambria 107.

Sicania 257.

Sicams ibid.

5'/cAen 184.

i'/V/Vw 2 2 d, 2 3 5 . ie/c. 255.
5rci/y 1 8, 19. </e/c. 2 $ 5, 2 5 7 .
Sicorif Fl. 217,218.

•S'/c«/;i 257.

Sicyonia 282.

Siderocapfa 274.

Siebenburgen 97.

Siena defc, 2 $1,252.

i'/tTfn 125.

La Sierra 559.

,5/e>*r<» iT'/iW AJiHrias Mon.
^ ^ 206.

Stma de Alcarat 213.

Skna Leona Mn. 465,46^.

^/Vfi'^ M/fn<« 7J/on. 207.

S'fejT^f Moxena Mon. ibid.

S'zVrm (jfe Torn,?; ^^n. 210.

'5'//v7n 439.

I ■S'/^ff 500.

f'S'i^ 481.

Sigamw Fl. ^66.

Sigan 459.

5i^e/?<rn 394.

Sigetenfis de S^ygeth i o i .

Sigiftmnd 66, 96, 268.

Signora Anna 287.

Siguencuy Siguenxa 2 1 6.

Sihon 3(5o, 351.

Sihor 4^5.

Silefia 81. Df/c. 157.

Siltjhia. . 263.

SilvaDuck iB6.

Silvanellum 1^6.

Silva Nigfa 122.

Silva Turingica 124.

Silver Sterling its Standard

Meafure 297, 315, and

proportion to Gold 298,

Stives 224.
^i/i/e/^er the Second 209.

Simedro 26-}.

Simeon Tribe ■^60.
Simigienfis de Zegrad i o i .

Simmerfljaven 62.

Simon St evinus 16^.

Sinai Mons 388, 389.
Sinai Mount Arch-Bilh. 498.

Sinamari 295, 560.

Sincheu 440.

Sipdar Fl. 417.

Sindiques 238.

Sinera 564.

Singdunum 267.

Singilia 212.

Singora 295.

Sinne Fl. 184.

I Sinope defc. 347.

S intra 207.

5i«w CorinthiacHt 280.

kS'fn^f Crifxiti ibid.

5z««i' Qangeticm 421.

5'/«w Opuntim 281.

5/n«j PerficHi 387.

5'inw Therm£w 274.

5in«* ThermaicHs ibid.

SI SK SL SM SN SO

233.

443-
289.

85.

419.

432.

418.

295.

loi.

25l.

ibid.
81.

394-

2(5l,

ibid.

lo5.

233.

291.

47^.
501.

Siphanto Inf.

Sirady Siradia

Siranal^ar

Sirejang, Siriangb

Sirafiia

Siriam

Sirmienfis deS:^erem

Sirmifch

Sirmium

Sifgifmund K.

Sifijlan

Sifopa

Siffeg

Sijfex

Sitones

Sitten

Sittia

Sivoli

Siut

Sirvas 347, 350,380.

5'/x^;/j- the Fifth 554.

SkiUpot 599.

Skullkill 599, 600.

Slany R. 44, 47.

Sliives 11^,

Slea R. 58,

Slego 49, 50.

Slefwicenfis D. 55,57,58.

Slefmcl^ ibid.

5/«c^^ 85.

^/a^jr 122.

Smaluicl^ no.

Smilder-Veenen 1 7 r .

5wV* 5 1 8.

Smiths Inf. 621,

Smiths Sound 622.

Smoleutko 75, 77, 81, 84,
85.

Smyrna its We/ghts, Coins,
Commodities and ■ Mea-
fures 327, 328, 344, 347.

— Scituation , Strength ,
Trade, Populoufiiefs, Air,
Plenty 348.

Sncecl^ 172.

Snepefi Mont. 123.

Smwden\{\\\ ^5.

Soali 418.

Soafne 198, 200.

Soba K. 523.

Sobanus

Sobams

Sobietsl^ John

Sobietsl^ K.

Sobrarbia

Socal

Socanda

Socheu

Sxonufco

Socrates

Socuni R.

Soc^iOHa, Soc^orp

SO s?

432.
82.

96.

214.

86.

401.

439-
585.

271-

^66.
96.

Sophia MfqHe
Sophiana
Sophonesba
Sopronienjis defopron
Sora

Faraoiie

Soefi 127, 15(5

Soffala Caf. 294.

Soffala K, ' 524.
Sogdiana. 410,411,408,394.

Sognks 183,

Soham 380.

Sobar 391.

Soijfons 19$.

Sol and Gcdc 41.

S'oic/fM 352.

Solfare 245.

5o/« Oppidum 498.

5'o/OTi' 135.

Solomon\ 380, 389.

Solomon Inf. 294.

S'o/o^wowi' Temple 329.
5o/o« 271, 288, 377, 494,

Sol or Inf. 294, 296.

Solothurum 232.

Soloturn 229,230.

SoltrvedeL 148.

S'o/t/^? 1 44.

Solxvay R. 37^ 39'

6'0/wi'/ 148.
Solyman 282,285,311,403.

Solyman the Firfl: 347.

Solyman the Great 37^.

Somerget R. 3$.

Somerfet Count. 599.

Sonde In f 344, 454, 455.

i'onafe Streights 454.

Sonderow Fl. 400.

Sondrio 234.

Songoro FL 413.

Sonoba 224.

Sopatpa 427.

S'o^iecj 6^12.

^op* 257.

SopW 395.

So^bia^ Sophie, Sofia dejc.
26Z, 381.

271.
365.
484.
loi.

420.
Sorca di Faraone 495.

S)ret 417.

SorM 214, 231.

Soronam 295.

Sw /«/, 289.

SoJJopili 273.

Sovabc 135.

S^««^ . 55, 59, ^2.

La Sourie SouriSlan 351.
So?//^ 48$.

SoHjier 402.

South Beveland 16 j.

Southampton Harbour be-
tween Page 574 and 575.

188.
290.

399.
385.
, 19.

South-Wale.

Spa.

La Spachia Mont.

Spahany Spahawn dcfc.

Spain's

Spain I

Spain defc. 202 to 207.

Spalato, Spalatum dck. 262.

Spaniards defeated 487.

Spaniards difcovcr America

Spaniards their Countries,
Forts and otlier places
in the Weft and Eaft In-
dies 293, 294.

Spanifli Fort 177.

Spanif!) Inf. 293.

Spamjh Netherlands dcfc. 1 74,
178, 189.

Sp.wf/7^ Provinces 18,159.

Spantalw 232.

Sparta 284.

Spartans defeated 279.

Spervcer ^ Sliip 443.

Spetia J273.

Spinalonga Fort 291.

Spire 117, lizi, 130.

Spiring Bay 547.

Spirito fanih 294,4^5. R.

525-
Spitsburg 620.

Spoleto ^50.

Spcrades Inf. ^By.

SP ST

Spree 123. F/. 123, 14S,

Sprigks Bay '^72^

Springfeild 608.

Squab aug ibid.

Siuabeey ibid.

Sf^i^^t 153.

St*?fl^f ibid.

Stadthiufe 153.

St£cadss Inf. 20 r,

Stagiura 274.

S^«"« 109.

Stalamine Inf. ■ 281.

'-Its Mineral Earth 288.

Stambol .271.

Stamphalia Inf. 289,.

Stancora Inf. %1S'

Standia Inf. 291,.

St ant en 127.

Stantira 274,

St ant ^ 232.
Sf<?rrf 68".

Starachino 275.

Siarenbergb the Count 142.

Stargard , 149.

S^rfft-vz //?/; 611.

Statira 402.

SY^ito (i?t?//i Prcfidii 206.
Staverea, Stavia, Stavjrdia.
172.

St aur abates 414, 415.

Steenbergen iB-^.

SteenavycHi 171.

Sfc?f?i 143.

Steirmarl^ 43.

Stella Mon. 350.

Stendal 248.

Si^en/d 87.

St. Stephanoes .272.

Stephanopolts 98*

Stephen 97. ./C. iii.

St. Stephens Convent 31^3.

Sterling Money 3 1 5..

Stert:^ingen 145..

Sfiffw 118, 123, 149.0

Stetinum 149.

St. Sfeve/i delpuetro 579.

Sf/i^ej- 278...

Sf/7/co .2 ox.

Stitlenguen J34.

Sf/;7.j 123^ 14.1*

— Its Marc^uifate.. defc. :i45...

Stulitt^ 39.

Stives 278.

St obi 275.

Stocliholm (58.

—Its Scituation, Commo-
dities , Coins, Weights
and Meafures 325.

Stolberg 147.

Stolni Biograd iii.

Stolp 79,

Stoniton 608.

S/-o«o /i. 590,

Storci 484.

Storm aren $6.

Stormaria ibid.

Strabane 49.

Strabo 542.

Strada Nuava 241.

Straits of Ci?jf.i or Vejpero
18.

-—Canal of 3/i«r w.^jioreibid.

• — Cimmerian Bojpborm ibid.

— ConftantimpLe ibid.
• — Dardanels ibid.
— GaUipoli ibid.
— /Ijvn of St. Gei3r^e ibid.

— Hellijpont ibid.
^' Mouth of St. /o/jn ibid.
— Thracian Bofphorw ibid.
Straitsby Head 37.
Stralen 169.
St ram 371.
Straphades Inf. 291.

' St r as burg 122, 131.

Strathbngye . 40.

Stratlfundt 1 49.

Stratos 282.

Stravico 26 S.

Strctto di Gajfa 89.

Strigonienfts de Gran loi,
Strigonmm io§, lod, ui.

StriviUngum 39.

Stromboli Inf. 259.

SfroOTO A. • 283, 28d.

.Sfro^i^i 252.

Struma 143.

Strybia Inf. 289.

StrymonicHi fnitis 274.

Stucijey fluin 47^.

StHlepi'ijfenburg 1 1 1 .

Stamsdotf Treaty 67.

SturaFl. 441.

ST SU

Sturmione Negro

Stutgard

Stymphalides Mon.

Styx Fl.

Suans

Suaquem

Suaquena

Suba R..

Subur

Sucji

Sucheu

Sucheuen Prov.

Sucidavo

501

'37
285
ibid
3^8
382, 511

515

471,

474

408

441

440, 538

Swcri^e 273

S«a'(i Fort 291

Sudat£ Afmt. 123, 124

Sudermania 66, 68, 6p

Suditi Mon. 123

Sudbury 6o2

Sued a 6$

Suecia propria 63

Suede 6$

Sueno 66

Suerin 150

Swci- 59ij 501

S^fj- //?ww 4(5(5

Sueithide 115

S«i.'f f <t (5 5

Suevia 17^6

Suevin 150

Suevnnia 6$
Suevornm Traje^ni 133

SuevuiFL 123,148

S«LX 501
Sufegmar, Sufgemar 483

Suiones 66

Su'itia 229

S«//«o 254,
Sulphurini Princeps 227

Sultan Perf. 343

S«/^rt« Sheriff 390
Sultania, Sultany defc. 404

S«/f:^ 134

Sumatra 395

Sumatra In f 295,29(5

— Its Coins and Weights

, , , 335, 344
Sumatra Inf. defc. 454, 45 5

Sumbes 559

St. S«we §52

Sumhoa 413

Sumifcafac 389

SU sw

Summachi defc. 372,

Summers Sir George between
$74, and 575.
Summers Inf between 574,
and §75,
Sunder burg 57, <5i.

Sundicum Fretum 59.

Sundes 149.

S««£^f . 5 5.

Sunium ' 278.

Sun\iang 441.

Suntl^w 122, 131.

S^/iofo 27<5.

S«rrfOT 370, 371.

S«K<?f </e/c. 418, 425.

S«>-rtf 293,294,295,295.
—Its Commodities, Coins,
Weights and Meafures,

^ 332,333, 334, 343. 344-
Surenam 295.

Sw^'i^'* 475.

Surinam R. ^60.

Surijian 33r«

Surmarchand . 344.

S«n7 County $92.

Sw defc. 504.

S<^ Prov. 474.

SwK. 474,475.

Suja defc. 400, 402.

Sufaon ^6^,/^-j^.

Sufatum 127, 135.

S«/rf<i/ 75.

S«/e 240.

Sufhamdefc. 400,402.

Sufiana 395, 394, 389.
Sufquahannah Fans 600,
Sujfex Count. ibid.

Suftra 402,

Suvas 347.

Suvinfurtum - 133.

Swali 418.

Sxvamfeild 608.

Swanfey 3 5.

Sivartsbourg 135, 147.

Swatzach Fl. 140.

Swart:(enberg Count n 1 .
Swart:(wald 122, 123, 124,
137.
Sweden 18, 58,55. De/c.
57, 68.
Sweden K. his Title, and Ac-
quifitions 5(5, 67.

Swedes

$W SY SI TA

Swedes 45.

Sweepflakes ' 547.

Sweno a Conquerour 62,66.
SrviUc Lough 48.

SwinbuYg 61.

Swine Fl. 123, 130.

Switifordia 155.

Swijl! Cantons 229, 230.
Srvijlltalian PrefeSlures 227
SwijS Frefe^ures 230.

Switj^ 229, 232.

Sivit^^etiand 18, 19.

Swo/ 170.

Sybils 487.

S>'c/ojr 113.

Syconians 282, 285.

Syene 4<5$, $02.

Sylvian Kings their Seat
250.
Symatra Inf. 295,295.

S;«o/)y 375,

Sypbax . 472.

Syphax's Queen 484.

Syr aeon 492.

Syracufa defc. 257.

Syrajlene 418.

S/jidie/r. 345,351,383.
S^TW propria 351,

Syriack Charafters 439.
S)rH 453.

Syroph<enicia 351.

Syrfw the two 487.

Si^ombatel 1 09,

Si^tpecy^t 55.

Si^jve^:^)^^? Ziemia 6$.

Tacaan Inf.

Tacape

Taca^e Fl.

Tachemimpto

Tacheur Fl,

Tacola

Tacomma Fort

Tacompfon

Tacony

Tacupa

Taddeles

Tadouftc

Tnduifac

Tafengiif

Tajf R.

Tajfajb

Taffilette

Taffiletts Army

Tagena

Tageta Mo.

Tagnn

Tagw Fl.

Tahta

Taicofano

434'

487.

514.

502.
355.

459-
295.

502.

459-
487.
483;
293.
614.
398.

5.5.

295.

479.
473-
472.
285.
295.
207, 224.
501.
447.

TAbaera,Tabraca 483.

Tabago 574.

Tabarca Inf. 484.

Tabarque Inf. 459.

Tabafco defc. 581.

Tabareftan 394.

Taberna 1 54.

Tabery:^ 403.

Tabilolla 295.

Table Bay 2-95.

71i6/e Mount 455.

Tabor 1-55.

Tubrijiran 594.

TaioFl. 207,215,224.

r^zV/; ii. 40.

Taiyven 439.

^'ifewi 453.

7I?/3of Count 595,

7^/i 442.
Talifmanticli Science 497.

Tallipot Tree ■ 452.

Talofa 2CO.

Talucco Fort 295.

Tamarica 554.

Tamaracba 294.

Tamafida 475.

Tamerlan 347, 350.

-—His Conqueft 408^ 409,

^ - , .^ . 411,415.
Tamtathn, Tamtates 499.

Tamufida. 474.

Tana 2Qd..

Tanacerin 295.

Tanagra 279,

Tanajor 4^0,

r^flrfif, rrfrti/f /J. 18, 89, 90.

— Town 9 1 .

Tanaj^erim 295.

Tandaya 457

Tangeir 222, 225, 472
Tangropolix 350, 378.

T t t t

Tangu

Tangutb

Tanii

Tanitian

Tanor

Tantalm

Tanton

Taormina

435-

4U.

491, 500.

4^4.

.427.
284.
5o8.
258.

Tapanapeque defc, 581.

Taphntf 500.

Taphree, Taphras 91^92,

Taping 442.

Tappy Fl. 418.

Tapuyes 555.

Tarabafer . 349I
Tarabolos- 351, 381.

Taradunt 474.

Taracona 213.

Taranfaifta 237.

Tara:(ona 21:?.

r^J'cAe 274.

Tarc7:al M, , 123.

Tarentum 255.

r^re:?^<f F/. 104.

Trfr^rt 505.

r^r^^if a Tree 531.

r^r/jfrf 210.

r^^ 371.

Tarmon 49,

r^rwy 98.

Tarqueflan Tartary defc. 411.
Tarquiniw fuperbm 488.
T'rfD^J 485.

^^>yo 274.

Tarfo^Tarfw 349,350.'

r<i>t4»- Kingdom of r^«^«

-T- - . 439.

Tart ana i8, 19, 21.

Ta.itars 87, 88, 90, 92,342,

Tartars AJiatjcl^ 72.

Tartars European 73,92,92.
Tartars Dobruce 95,

Tartars Oriental 412.

7<i>t<2ri' wild 410.

r.zrfdr;' 342, 343, 344.
Tartary Afiaticl^ defc. 407,
408.
Tartary Defert </e/c.409,4 1 o.
Tartary Lejfer 89.

Tartary Northern defc. 4 1 3.
Turtarr

TA TE

tartary Wejlern 4^2.

tarte^os 211.

Tartejfiff 210.

Tarvifium 247.

Tajjblnf. . 288.

Tatagar 511.

TatriSchtvU M. 125.

Td^trf 417, 422.

TavafcG defc. $81.

r/i;/3w F/. 153.

Taveftria 70.

Tavjla, Tavira 224.

Tavorentium 201.

Tiiam C.t/ho 278.

Taurentmn 20 1 .

Taurjans 89.

Taurjra Cheyfonefi4i 89,408.
Taurkw PontHS 89.

Taurini 239.

Tdww 371, De/c. 405, 404.
T<t«w Czt/if. 344.

Taurifa 1 44.

Tauromedmm 258.

Jrf«j:«f M; 343, 344, 35^)
401.

Taxilla

Taxorari

Tay R.

Taygeta

Taygetm Mo.

Tayovan, Tayvan 443

Tcharmelicl^ defc,

Tebele Cala

Tech Fl.

Techala

Techort

Tecl^enborg

TecJ^ey Count,

Tecoantepcque .

Teddeles

Tedneft

Tedfa

Tef

Tefe^ara or Tefefre

Tefflii 344.

Tcfjs 364. Vefc, 370.

Tef^a 475,

Tc^^i^et 471.

Tegan 440.

Tf^e^e 588.

104,
Battle

Tegtl Fl.

Tegmedel

Tegodaft

Tegorarin

Tegra

Teguleth

Teient __

Tejeht

Teiji

Telamcn

— Its great E

Telchinia Inf.

Telchiim Inf. defc.

Teldes

Teleboe Inf.

Teletifin Prov.

TekvQum

Teleufin

Temarleng

Teme K.

TemeUa

TemendfuYJl

Temes R.

Temefne Prov.

91,92.

35-

420.

295.

4o» 37, 39-
282.
284.
444.
355.
371.
219.

2j6.

504.
135.
113.

581.
483.

475-
474-
514.

a^9-

482.

475-
504.
$11.
475-
474-
475-
105, 107.

288,375.
253.
290.
375.
475.
191.
481.
278.

473-
413.

35-
475-
483.
105.

471

Terga

Tergea

Tergejle

Tergefium

Ter-Goes

Tergoes a Ship

Tergovjfcas

Tergow

Tergowifch

Terlon

Ternate Inf.

Ternato,

Temi

Temia defc.

Ternova

Ternovo defc.

Terra de St. Andro

Terra Aujiralii

230,

230.

Temefuenfis de Temefrvar 10 1.
Temefwar 1 11, 113, 381.

Tetnir Capi 371.

Tempe 275,283.

Templum Venerk
TcmrocJ^
lenarium Prom.
Tenarm Fl.
Tenarw Mo.
Tenajferl
Tenby
Vendue
Tenecum

218,
382.
282.
240,
283.

433'

3d.

411,

5P9'

Tenedo, Tenedos Inf. def. 373.

Tcnegapatan

Teneriffe 531.

Tenes

Tene:^a.

Tenos Inf. defc.

Tenfift

Teorregu

Tepeacaes

Tera Fl.

Terajja

Tercera

Tercis

Teredon

Tereus

Defc.

295.
532.
482.

475-
289.

475-
504.

581.

218.

349-
530,

349'
357.
281.

473-
233.

227.

247.

16-1.

435-

96.
233.

96.
180.

459-
295.

2$0.
405.
258.
27 $«
538.
549.

Terra Aujlralk incognita 624.

Terracina

Terraco, Terracotta

Terra Firma

Terra del Gada

Terragon

Terragona

Terra Incognita

Terra Magellamca

Terra Sanila

Terra SigiUata

Terroane

Terfcen Fl.

Terteu

Tertofa

Tei-tuUian

Tervanna

Ter-Vere

TervU

Terwin

Tervfiifch

Tefchen

Tefegfeldt

Tejine Flu^

Tejfel

Tejfet

TejU Vafa

Tetteguin

Tettuen

Teucer

Teutchin Broda

Teutoburgium .

Teutones-

Teutsburgiutn ;

$42,

203,

250..
217.
05.
538.
204.
217.
$49.
545.
345.
288..

175.
366.

1-07,
217.

485-

179.

167.

96.

1 179.
96.

157.
475.
244.
166.
504.
213.
472.
ibid.
37^> 377-
i$5.
105.
115.
112.
Texd

TE TH

Texel

166

Teamed

578, $79

Te^li

485

TeKK.a

473

Thacapa

487.

V}(ujl Demand

300, 401.

T'jalame

285.

Thalandtt

281.

Thaldntit

277-

Thaleftrk

371.

Thamar

-16.

Thamufiday Thamufide 474,

475-

Than£

185.

Thapfm

486.

Thafcala

^80.

Thajferii Fl.

356.

Thaffius IiiJ.

288.

Theate

254.

Theatines

215,357.

Thebak

497-

Tnebean Lake

279.

Thebes 49 1

498, 499.

Thebes defc. 278

,279,402.

Tbebejfa

484.

Tbebet

411,412.

Thelk Fl.

219.

Tbemijiocles

271.

Theode

531-

Theodebert

S4-

Theodoricl^ K.

ibid.

T/Jeodoms

549-

Theodofiopolk defc.

354.

Theodofius Imp.

lOI.

Theonif Villa

181.

TheonviUe

ibid.

Theopolis

351-

Thera. Inf.

289.

Theramne

283.

Toerapne

253, 283.

Therefie

484.

Thermagrani

127.

Thermia Inf.

289.

Thermodo Fl.

350.

TbermopyliSt

380.

Thefdus

485.

Tljefetts 277,

278, 281.

Thefeus'i Temple

277-

Toefpia

279.

Tjejfortha

275.

Thelportia

ibid.

Tjeffalia

i8.

TH Tl

Ueffalonka 274

Thejfaly defc. 270, 27$
ThetH 342,

Thetii Fl. 219.

Toeya Fl. i$6.

Thiakt 291.

Thimes " <^9.

Thins 434.

Thiiba 279.

Thiva 278, 279, 402.

Tho:ts 287.

Thobufe 191, 200.

St. Thomas 552, $(5i.

St. Thomas Inf. 294, 535.
Sf. Thomas Martyr'd 428,
St. Thomas'?, ibid.

St. Thomafo ibid.

Thomond 49.

Thonarv 103.

Thonon^ Tf:omnmm 238.

Thorn 8<5, 615.

Toorofco ^g.

Thorn ct 352.

Thracia 18, 270, 271.

Thracian Bofphorw 89, 269,

272.
Thrafemene Lac, defc. 250.
ThrafibuliM 277, 278.

T/jree Churches 342, 364.
Three Rivers '^91-

TlMilamifl) Defeat 408.
Thuotamif}} Defeat 409.
Thmydides 271.

.r/j«/e 41, 415,

Thumenejlria 275.

Thumnium 238.

Thuria, Thurium 283.

Thuringiens 115.

Thurles $ i .

Thyatira defc. 349.

r^^/e 41.

Tbymater'mm , Thymtateria ,

475.

r^jT/w 271.

Thy r bile 233.

Thjrea 283.

r/;///ei - $8.

Tiagna. 349.

T/ieK F/. 234, 248.

Tiberina 140.

Tiber iiti Cafar 359.

7/^z/cr« 258.
T t t t 2

TziZ/c^^ pp, 100.

7137/cw F/. 257.

Tibifcus, Tibefis, TifianiHy
Tifjia. 104, 105, 107.
250.
' 244.
243.

4S9.
153.

, 170.

49?.i
285.

474-
403-
Si5.
355.
404.
ibid,
ibid,

$11-

515.
345.
23r«
231.

52-

184.

122

$12,

TibuY

Ticimti Fl.
Ticinum
Tidor

1 Tie Lacui
Tiel
Tiencin
Tifeo Fl.
Tifelfeldt
Tiglath-Pilajfer
Tigra

Tigranocerta
Ttgranocerta.
Tigranopetra
Tigranopolti
Tigre
Tigrenfes
Tigris F I. 343,
Tigmium 229.
Tigurimim Lacum
Tillbourg
Tillemont
Tilly Count 1 18, 147,153,

345.

230,

Tittmont
Tiln
Tilfoar
Timariots
Timici
Timor Inf.
Timor
Tincben
Tindy Fl.
Tine Inf. defc.
Tingi
TingU
Tingitania
Tim

Tiny an Fort
Tionen
' Tipper ary
Tipra
Tirithi
Tirol
Tirol 123

Tiffa ■
Titans
Tite

183.
no.

424.

380,381, 385.

481.

295,295.

343-
441.
418.
289.
472.
ibid.

47i» 474-
253i
441.
183.

51'

422.
402.
227.
141,
145.
100.
290.
475-

TitQH

1 1 5, 140.

TI TL

Titou
Tituan
litM Emp.

'Viva.

Tivifcum

296.
469, 477-
359, 7,61.

278.

57^.

JlaxcallmCoins and weights

349

dtfcribed

Tlaxcallen
Tifiolm Mons
Toacawny

Tobacco its Cuftom
Tobage Fort

Tobolesl>a

Tocat defc.

Tocat Cordovant

Tocharijlan

rok_ay

To/^^y, Tol^um

Xokoefe

Toledo

Tolen Fl.

Tolen Inf.

Toletum 21$:

Tolbuys

Toliienfis de Tolma.

Tomar 222.

Tombote K.

Tomi, Tomifwar

Tomumbey

Tongeren^Xongres,

Tonfa

Tapa:(0

Tofmamubes

Topfahanoc

Tor defc.

Tor-Ijfel

Torantalienfis de

581
78.

600.

<95-

295.

^52.

76.

347, 349'
354'

394'

104,

III, 113

447
207,215

189

Tord'a

Torwentera Tnf...
Torncicum
Tornenfis de Torna
Torne:(e Fort
Tomia
To-rone

TarpMcw S'lnHi
Torpedo
Tortona
Toi'tofa
ka.Tortue Inf,

168.

2Ii5.

170.
101.

224.
506.

268,

493-
188.

447-
528.

.557'
592.
388,

17$.
Thurtur
loi.

99-
213.
L76.
101.

282.

69.

277.

274.

5i5«
.244.

217-

293:

TO TR

Tortiigai Inf.

Tojcany

ToJ}atm Abulenfis

Toines Sound

Tod 1 1 8

Toulba

Toulon

T\iV}i§.exA

Toupinambom

Tour

Tonraine

Tournay

Town

Tovy R,

Trab Fl.

Trabifonda

Traconia

Traguera

Tragurium

Trrfjti/zEmp.

Traje^HS ad Mofam

TrajeSlu^ Francorum

Trales Monies

TraUy

Tramgo Bay

Tramochi

Trans Iffallan'm

Tranfchinenjis de

TR TU

$6-5.
19.

214.

622.
125,126.
486.
201.
218.

555-

124.

191,194.

176.
197,

35-

105.

349, 3^7>38i.
282,

1455

274'

213

263

1..88

133

223.

52.

296.

281.

170.

Tranchyn

101.

Tranfilvania 18, 19, 229,
385. Defc. 97, 9^,99-

Trapani 258, 281.

Trapefm 349,367,381.

Trapolixza 285.

Trau 263.

Travancor 427.

Trav.e R. ^.^'

Travemund ibid.

Traxillo 584.

Trebeta 129.

Trebia Fl. 145.

Trebifinda^ Treb'izond 349,
367, 381.

Trecorium 197 ■

Tredagh 46.

Tregitier 197.

TreUin 34.

Tremefin Prov. 481.

Tremighen 394, 410.

Tremifanfa. 376.

Tremithui ibid.

Tremitugs ibid.

Trenfchin

Trent

Trepani

TreJjHtti

Treva

Treves

Treviri

Trevifi

Trie a Price a.

Tricaffium Civit.

Tridentinum Concilium

Tridentinui Epifcopta

Tridinium, Tridinum

Triers

Trieft

Triejie

Trigiiphon, Triglipton

127.
lo6»

235,247.

258.

Ill, 113.

56.

Trim

Trimethui

Trin

Trinacria

Trinacria Inf. defc

La Trinadad

Trinidado Inf.

Trinity Inf.

Trinity Mine

Trino

Trinquilimaly

Tripoli 351, 381

Tripoli New

Tripoly

Triquetra

Trifmegifius

Triton

Trivoli

Troas

Trochilos

TrogloditicA

Troii

Troit^a

Trol(i

Trophonian Cave

Tropparv

St. Trou

Trorvk R^

Troy

St. Truyen

Tuam

Tuba

Tuban

129.

129.
247.
276.
196.

247'
227.
241^^

I29».

247.
145.
432,

433"

46..
375.
241.
257-
375.
584.
561.
295.
109..
241.
296..
,382.
487.
465.
257.
494.
463.
250.
546.

495-

528.
l;96.

78.

86.
279.
157.
i«3.

44.

347.
1^3.

50.
491.

455.
Xubantia.

Tubantia

171.

Tuberum

135.

Tubing

137.

Tubufuptus

483.

Tu-Capel

$51-

Tucaman

2P4, 552.

Tude

209.

Tugium

225).

Tuhara

481.

Tulcif Fl.

217.

TulifuYgium

152.

TuUum

126.

Tully

49-

ThIsIi

50.

Tumen

410.

Tun of Heidleburg 1 50.
Tungronum Civit. 188.

Tunis 382,409.

Tunk defc. 485,10488.
Tunl^ng Bay 442.

Tunquin 293, 295, 29(5,
Tunquinefes 434.

Tunying 442.

Tmt $02.

Turcochoreo • 280.

Turcomania 34^, 354, 3^2,

378.
Turcomans 3(^3, 393.

Turcotogli OUmienas 284.
Turduli 203.

Turgefus 43.

T«rw, Turia!, Turium Fl.

212.
Twrfw 239.

Turingia 123,128,1:34,147.
Turiafo^ Turiajjo 213.

Turl^y its feveral Begler-
begs in 4/''* ^''^'1 Europe
380,381.
T«ri^V Carpets 498.

T«r^- 90, 342, 360.;

T«r/(y 40000 frozen to death

73.
Turl(s routed 105,112,113.
Tml^ Language, &c. 379,
380, 383,384, 385.
Tu>l(s flain 267, 35$.

Turkey in Afix defer. 344,

345, 34^-
T«>%> in £«ro;>e 19, 18.
Turna. Fl. 1 04.

Tiirnacenftiim Civit. ij6.

.TU TW TY TZ VA

Turocenfis de Owar 101.

Turonum 197.

Turphan 411.

Turquejlan 353, 408.

Twrref 473.

Tufcan Inf. 258.
Tufcany and Gr. Duke defc.
233>25i, 2-52,253.

T«/r? 258.

T«/c/d 235.

Tiiticorin 295, 427.

T«y 209.

Twente 170, 171.

Fjver 7^, 78.

Tivomond 49.

Tivoyvoun ibid.

Tycajjia. 87.

Tyc/jo Sr*?/;?- 5 2.

T/^e 209.
T;ird 5x2, 5145 518.

Tygranes 3153.

7;-^^ F/. 3^3, 393.

Tylos defc. 406.

TjTfW 95.

Tyrconnal 47.

T>rzjrf 275.

TjTOrin (f(?/c. 402.

Tyr-Mff 48? 49-

Tyrol ii<$, 123.

T>>vj«e 48, 49.

Tyrrhenum Mare 227.

Tjjro)^^/?! 87.

Tywy R. 35.

T:(addai 512.

T:?;^rt^rf(^ 511.

Tyineo Lac. 519.

r*i/ rf? Compare 291.

Valachia 383, 385.

Valadolid 207, 579, 582,
584.

iValaJfe 230.

I Valconienfis de Valpon low

VAccc/i. Montat cC Avila
207.
Vacheren 16 j.

Vacia 104.

^^4Coj 453.

K(/^«t. . 481, 484.

yagal 484.

Vaganfe ij)id.

K/t^w F/. 106.

Vaharan 481.

J^^/w/if a Channel of the
Rhine. 122.

^^d/coM'dr

260, z6v.

VaUum

2d I.

Valdac

402.

Valence

200.

Valencia

207, 212.

Valenciennes

180,

Valenjium. Civi.

233.

Valentia

212.

Vatiana

180.

Valefi£

233.

Valefii

230^

Valetta

541.

Valkenburg

187.

Vallenhoven

167.

Vallii Tarri princi

patm 227..

Vallif Telina

234.

Valoii Houfe

192, 196.

Valona

273.

Valpariafo

551.

Valtolina

234.

Vammelucha

252;

Van defc.

3^5, 380..

Van LacHt

395.

Vandalici J^fontes

123.

Vandalitia

209.

Vandalls

i8i.

Vandals 66^ 204

, 212, 225.

Vandelen

i8i.

Vanduaria

40.

Vangioncnfts Civit.. 130.

Vannes

197.

Vara

39-

Varadienfis de Va

•adin 10 1.

Varadin

105.

Varanienfis de

Baranywar

i - ^IO^*

Varanw Lac.

254-

Varhel

98..

Variana

25l.

Variana Cajlra

^ ibid.

Variafdium

ibid.-

Varicum

199.

Varna

258:

VarrHt

115.

VarfoviiV ii' ..->"'^

^ 83.

VariH Fti

240.-

Vafatam^

VA VB UC UD VE

•Vafatum Civit. 199.

Vafcones 215.
Vafilipotamo 283, 285.

Vafquez^ di Coronado 585.

Vajian Lake 3<55.

Vatican Kill 248.

Vatuegas 216.

Vauderange 126.

Vaudois 258.
f^<??(ge M. 122^ 124, I2§.

K^sKZ/t 112.

Zfbeda 210.

Vberlingen 139.

^>cA* F/. 148.

Zfdenheim 130.

Wej(;2f 417.

^rf/?erf d2.

K(?ci&f Fl. 1 65.

Velfuriones 37.

Vediantiorum Vrbs 240.

Vehrden 153.

r«l defc. and long Siege

2$0.

St. r^z>

144.

^e/^jv

169.

Fe/e;^ Malaga

ai2.

Velibori

43-

Velim

25?.

Velour

429.

Veltz,

261.

Veluwe

i6g.

St. Venant

176.

Venafm

20I.

Vencbeu

441.

Verdana PortHf

iq6.

Vendofme

197.

Vendum

141.

Venedotia

35-

Veneris Inf.

289.

Vtmti

197.

Venetia

245.

Venetian Fleet

574-

Venetians 226, 255,

265,

273, 275, 277, 280, to

285.

Venetica Inf.

201.

Venetum

197.

Venetm Lacas

1^8.

Vencjifjiela $62

j$^5-

Venice

19.

Venice Republick dtfc.

2^6,
247.

VE Ud

Venice, its Commodities 3
Coins, Weights and Mea-
fures 324, 325,

Venie^ 98,

Yenla $80.

Ven/o i6p.

Yennienii 43.

Yentidiiti BaJJUs 350.

V(f/;«i' 290, 375, 377.

Yenus Fane 498.

Ve««j Pyren^a 218.

Vejvi 212.

L<i Ver^i Cra:^ §79.

Yeragua §84.

Y era-pa:^ §82.

Yerbanus Lacus 233,244.

YerbieJlF. 413.

Yerceilj Yenella, Yercelii,
239.

Yercellenfe Dominium ibid.

Yercingeterjx 198.

Yerdemburg 230

J^er^wrt 118, 125, 1 2d'.

f^ere 1157.

Kecw a Family 157.

V-eriao 212.

Vefgentines 578.

KerM 157, 275.

Vermand 194.

Vermelandia 68.

Vermil 195.

Veromannorum Civit. 194.

^^erortrf 247.

Veronenfe Tenitorium 226.

Vena Fl. 123.

Vefer Fl. 121.

Vefnntium 124.

J^t?/o«/ 125.

Vejpatian Emp. 359, 3^1.

Vejperienfis de Vejpmi i o i .

Vejprinium 1 06.

Vefuvius Mons 253.

Vejfma 1^9.

Vejiigrade 273.

Vefuntio 1 24.

Vetera 127.

Veteres Aqux 16$.

Veter^Wefiermck^ <58.

Veurne 177.

X^^n^6 484.

Vgoghenfis de Vgo^a loi.

Viadrus Fl.

Viana

Viana, Vianda

Vianden

Vianen

Viapoco

Viafma

Viburg

Vicegrade

Vicentia

Vicentinum Temtorium

Vicenza

Vicb

Villana.

ViShvia

Viilorys Temple

Vidinum
Vidofa Flu.
Vienna 82,

Vienna defc.
Vienna its Coins,

104,

214.

141.

123.

214,
i5s,

i8i.
1^5.

^60.
84.
70.

HI,

247.

225.
247.
2 1 8.
40.
482.
277.
218.
197.

199.
200.
142.

and Meafures
Viennen
Vienthat

Vill Sierra d' Oviedo
Villa Franca
VtUa Vifiofa
Villach

Weights

Villano

Villec^

Villerius

Villica

Vilna

Vilvorden

San Vincent

St. Vincent

St, Vincent Port

Vindai»

Vindeltcians

Vindibona

Vindilici

Vindilicia

Vindius Mons

Vingagora

Vinifima

Vinfl}emia

io§.

324-
181.

ibid.
206.
240.
223.
144.

275, 488.
112.
375.
214^

75, 8^.
184.

5$5-

299, 574.
538.

85.

14X.

140.

'39-

206,

538.
ibid.

VintimigliayintimiHum 242.

Virginia
Defc.
Virodunum
Virovit:^a

295.

591, to 594.

126.

112, 261.

Vifapor

VI UL UM

'tjapor 534-

Vifapour 424.

Vifapour K. 425, 42<5.

\ifiapoitr 42i5.
f^i//er ^:^ew his Office,Great-
nefs and Power 380,595.

Yift^oths 62.

Vifintienfis Civit. 124.

ViJliUus, Vijhla 82.

WiJlulaFl. "309.

r?>/^ 82.

Vifmigk Fl. 133.

Viteland 148.

Viterbo 250.

K/>w 148.

Vif/afe C/;feff 254.

^z>«/o 283.

Viuves $62.

\ii(iapour 424.

V'lT^^e Inf. 104.

Vkaraine 82, 84.

'L'/rf rfe/f. 413.

Vladiflaus 81, 2(58.
Vladiflausl. K. of Bohemia
154.

VUdiflctw 85.

Z/laendercn 175.

Iflherdingen 16$.

Vlai 402.

Vlcimitm 253.

Z;//;k^ 580.

liliaraslnf. 201.

i;M 122.

^/f^M 47.

VlieUnd 166.

Vlit 30, 387.

^'/mF/. 138,152.

Vloska 22 §.

^/j|>f(j Trajanx, 98.

^Ipianum 267.

^//?er 43, 44. Prov. 47.

Z^/t R. 99.

VhaveFl, 144.

Vltonia 47.

VltraieSim 168.

VttrajeUum 168.

Z;/f>e 47.

z;/#x. 287, 291.

Vls^enach 250.

^/n« 69.

Ifmarabea 475.

Zlmbria. 226, 250.

UN VO UP UR UR US UT VU UX WA

VnaR. 47$.

Vn-chan 411.

Vnderwald 229, 232.

Vnghenfis de VnghwAY 101,
112.
Vnidomana 141.

Vnited Provinces 18, 19,
Defc. from ido, to 174.

Vodii
Vodix^a
Voget M.
Vogefus Man,
VoitLand
Folexa.
Voka R.

Volgesburg Mons

Volhinia

VoUin Ifl.

Volo

Volodomira

Vologna

Volfinli Lac.

Volturena Ptov'mcia

Voltus R.

Volubile

Volubitis Tingitana

Volmtii

Vonixjn

Voorn Inf.

Vorithland

VoroHa

Vofianzjt

Votjgern K.
1 Vpland
\VpfaU
I Vragofi
j Vrana
j Vrania

Vrawiia

Vratiflaui

Vrbara

Vrbiti, Vrhinum

Vrbs

Vrchupja

Vren

Vtia

Vrica

Vnin R.

Zfrfin Lac

Vrfines.

275-

43-

277.

121.

193.

148.

107.

72, 7^, 77, 89,

408, 409.

131

Vrfw

Vmncii

Vfadium

Vsbec]^

Ufcadama

Ufcudava

232.
131.

474«
410, 411.

272.

ibid.

123.

84, 87.

123.

2715.

73> 77-

75-
250.
234.
$07.
471.
ibid.
143.
277.
1^4, 1^7, 170.
145.
405.
27$.

35-

58-.

69.

2j6.

253.
257.
278.

154-

482.
249.
485.

257.

22py 220, 232.

ibid.

485.

47-
251.

ibid.

Ufedomlnf. 123, 149.

Upient 201.
U^il R. 34.

miinga 78.

Uterni 4^.

Utica 48^.
Utrecht 158, < (58.
Utrecht Bi(hoprick or Lord-

ftiip 1^8.

Utrecht Cafl. 443. .

Utrkefium 1 58.

Utr'icht 122,

Vuchang 440.

Vuimplna 15 p.

Vulcans Temple 498.

Vulcanidi Inf. 259.

Vulcano Inf. ibid.

Vulcanos 583.

Vulpanus Ft. 106.

Uxantus 201,

W^^e/n tf8-

Pf^e/F/. I22,i5i..

f^'^^^/. . lod..

Wagen'ing 122.

Wagenhigen 1 70.

Wagenthal- 230,233.

Wagiers\a.: loo. .

Waiapoco Fl. 295.,
Walachia 18, 19, 96, 157..

f^rf/<t^<z 511..

Walburg 135..

Walcovear 106*.

Waldecl^ 13S«

Waldenjiein I37-'-

Waldemar 57,

Waldflmt- 122;

Waldjietten-See 223..

ff"<i/e F/. I-54,

Walenflat 230^
f*^^/e^ 18,21,32,33..

Walifhkni ar..
Waliflmd.

VA VB UC UD vE

Vafatum Civit. ipp.

Vafcones 215.

Vafilipotamo 289, 286.

VafqucT^ di Coronado $8 $.

Vajlan Lake 565.

Vatican Hill 248.

Vatuegits 2 1 5.

Vauderange 1 26.

?^rf«^w 258.
K4J(ge ;j/. I22p 124, 12$.

^^rti/w 112.

Ubeda 210.

Vberlingen 139.

^>fA* f/. 148.

IJdenheim 1 30.

^rfej(/i 417.

^^fe^ 62.

Vecht Fl. 165.

Ve^miones 37.

Vediantiorum Vrbs 240.

Vehrden 153.

r^/i defc. and long Siege

2$0.

St. FezV 144.

Fe/tm' 169.

VeleT:^ Malaga. a 12.

Velibori 43.

Fd/no 2^5.

J^f/o«»' 429.

i^e/f;^ 261.

Velvwe 16^.

SuVenant 176.

Venafin 201.

Vencheu 441.

Verdana Portm 196.

Vendofme 19 J.

Vendum 141.

Venedot'ia 33.

Venerii Inf. 289.

<K«a«#i 197*

Venetia 245.

Venetian Fleet 374.
Venetians 226, 235, 2(5$,

273, 275, 277, 280, to

285.

Venetica Inf. 201.

Venetum ^91'

VenetHi Lacas 138.

Venc^ela §62, $i5$.

J^twVe 1 9.
i^e/iw Republick (kfc. 24^,
247.

VE U(3

Venice^ its Commodities ,
Coins, Weights and Mea-
fures 324, 325.

Venie^ 98.

\enla §80.

Ven/(3 1(59.

Yennienii 43.

yentidiui BajJhs 3 50.

Ve/wx 290, 37(5, 377.

Vew«i- Fane 498.

Yenus PyrenJta 218.

Neva 212.

Lrf YeraCruT^ <,i9.

Yeragua §84.

Y era-pa^ §82.

Yerbanus Lacus 233,244.

YerbieJlF. 413.

Yerceit, Yercella^ Yercelli,
239.

Yercellenfe Dominium ibid.

Yercingeterix 198.

Yerdemburg 2 30

Verdun 118, 125, I2(5.

f^(?re 167.

Kefw a Family 167.

V-eriao 212.

Vtfgeniines $78.

Kmrf 157, 27$.

Vermand 194.

Vermetandia 68.

Verml 195.

Veromannorum Civit. 194.

Verona 247.

Veronenfe Temtorium 226.

Vena Fl. 123.

Ke/er f /. 121.

Vefontium 124.

J^^yow/ 125.

Vejpatian Emp. 359, 3(5i.

Vejperienfts de Vefprini i o i .

Vejprinium 106.

Vefuvius Mons 253.

Vejfma 199.

Veftigrade 273.

Vefuntio 1 24.

Vetera ^. 127.

Veteres Aqu<£ " 165.

Veter^Wefiermck_ 68.

Veurne 177.

VexD^ol 98.

'L'^/id^ 484.

Vgoghenjis de Vgoxa 101.

123.
214.
155.
181.
155.
550.

84.

70.
III.

Viadrus Fl.
Viana

Viana, Vianda
Vianden
Vianen
' Viapoco
Viafma
Viburg

Vicegradt 1 04,

Vicentia 247.
Viccntinum Territorium 226.

Vicen:^a 247.

^^/* 21-8.

Viifaria 40.

ViShria 214, 482.

Vi^orys Temple 277.

K/c«j- 2 1 8.

Vidinum igj,

Vidofa Flu. 199.

K/e/wa 82, 133, 200.

J^7"e««tt c/e/(-. 141, 142.
rienwrf its Coins, Weights

and Meafures 324.

Viennen jgi.

Vienthah ibid.
T/// S'/err^i rf' C>t7ec/a 2o5.

ri//.< Franca 240.

Villa Vifiofa 223.

*^//7/ic/j 10$, 144.

Kii/dno 275, 488.

r/i/(?c^ 112.

Villerius 575,

^'i///crf 214*

K;/«^ 75, 85.

Vi Ivor den 184.

San Vincent 555.

St. Vincent 299, 574.

St. Vincent Port 538*

Vindaw 85.

Vindeltcians ijp.

Vindibona 141.

Vindilici 140.

Vindilicia 139.

Vindius Mons 206.

Vingagora 538.

Vinifima 133.

Vinfjemia ibid.
Vintimigliayintimilium 242.

Virginia 295.

Defc. 5pr, to 594.

Virodunum 126.

Virovit:^t 112, 25i.

VI UL UM

'ijapor 334.

Vifapour 424.

Vifapour K. 425,425.

Vifiapoar 42<5.
Vifier Ai(em his Office,Great-
nefs and Power ^So^'^^S.

yifigotbs _ 62.

Vifrntienfis Civit. 124.

Vijlillus, Vijhla 82.

ViJiuUFl. "309.

rzy|</,? 82.

Vifurigk Fl. 153.

Viteland 148.

Viterbo 2 50.

KzVe^ 148.

Vif/rfe C/)z>fi 254.

^fzWo 283.

Viuves 562.

yixiapouT 424.

ViT^T^e Inf. 104.

Vkaraine 82, 84.

Z;A< flfe/f. 413.

Vladiflaus 81, 2^8.
Vladijlausl. K. of Bohemia
154.

VUdi/law 85.

Z/laendercn 175.

Zflderdingen 16$.

VI at 402.

Vlclnium 253.

I;//;^.? 580.

V. liar as Inf. 201.

VM 122.

Vlidia 47.

Viteland 166.

Vlit s,'i,6, 387.

"ZZ/wF/. 138,152.

VlosliO. 225.

VlpiaTrajana, 98.

Vlpianum 267.

^//?er 43, 44. Prov. 47.

^/t i^.- 99.

VltaveFl. 144.

Vltojiia 47.

Vltraje^ins 16S.

Vttrajelium id8.

^/f>e 47.

^'/rjw. 287, 291.

Vlzenacb 230.

^m<t 69.

Vmarabea 475.

Zlmbria. 226 ^ 250.

UN VO UP UR l^R US UT VU UX WA

i;/w /I.

475-

Z^«-C((;(a!H

411.

Vnderwald 229,232.

Vnghenfis de Vnghwar 1 0 1 ,

112.

Vnidomana

141.

Vnited Provinces

18, 19,

Defc. from i<5o

,to 174.

Fbie«rf

275-

?^?i/i

43-

Ko^/:^:^rf

277.

J^o^e/ iW.

121.

Vogefus Mon, i

3^iPS-

J^OZ>/<i«fl?

148.

{^o/ec€<t

IC7.

Volga K. 72,75,

17, ^9,

408, 409.]

VotgesbUrg Moms

123.

Volbinia

84, 87.

VoOin Ifl.

123.

Volo

275.

Volodomira

73, 77.

Vologna

75-

Volfinii Lac.

250.

Volturena Provincia

234.

Voltus R.

507.

Volubile

471.

Volubilis Tingitam

ibid.

Volmtii

143.

Voni:^a

277.

Voorn Inf. 1^4, I

67, 170.

Vorithland.

145.

VoroHa

405.

Vofianza

275.

Votigevn K.

35-

Vpland

58-.

Vpfala

59.

Vragofi

275.

Vrana

253.

\ Vrania

267.

Vrannia

278.

Vratiflam

154,

Vrbara

482.

Vrbia, Vrbinmt

249.

Vrbs

485.

Vrchupia .

257.

Vren 259, 2

JO, 232.

'L'a^t

ibid.

Z^r/Vd

485.

Z/nin K.

47.

Vrfin Lac, .

251.

Vrfines

ibid.

VrfHs

Vmncis

Vfadium

VsbecJ^

Ufcadama

Ufcudava

232.
131.

474*
410, 4ir.

272.

ibid.

Ufedomlnf. 123, 149.

Uff^ent 201.

njiinga yg.

Uterni ^^.

Utica 485.

Utrecht 158,168.
Utrecht Bifhoprick or Lord-

fr'ip i6B.

Utrecht Cafl. 443. ,

Utrkejium i fg. .

Utricht 122..

Vuchang 440.

Vuimpina 1^9.

Vulcans Temple 498.

Vulcania Inf. 259.:

Viilcam Inf. ibid.

Vulcanos 582.

Vulpanus Fl. 106.

UxantHs 201,

Wrfe/F/. I22,i5r..

Wagening 122..

Wageningen 170.

^agenthal- 230,233.

^^-i^zerji^^.. 100. .

Waiapoco Fl. 295.,
Walachia 18, 19, 96, 157..

P^<?/<i:^<« 511.,

Walburg 1^6,.

W alcove or io6i.

Waldecl^ 13 s*'

Waldenftein. 137-'-

Waldemar 57;

Waldflmt- 122;

Waldftetten-See 223..

ff4/e F/. 1 54,:

Walenflat 230.
W^d/ex 18,21,32,^3,.

Walifhknd 21.
Wdifland

WA WE

WE WH WI

WI WO WR WU WY

Wal'ipnd

Wallia}t

WalJier

WitUebwg

WaUeftein

Wallejhin a Silefun

WaUin

Walloon Flanders

Walloons

Walpo 261

Wamficli^

Wan

Wando R.

Wangen

Wanjyjfd

iVaradin

iVaramond

Waresl^vie M«e

Warna Ft.

Warmt:(^ Fl.

War f aw 83.

Warfovia

Wan Fl.

Wart a Fl.

Wart:(ianen M.

Warwir\

Warrvk^ Foreland

Waferfal

Wachtendom

Watere R.

Waterford

Waterfnrd Haven

Watertown

Waxholm

Weel

Ween Inf.

Wegara

Weibjprif

Weigats Straits

WeUburg

Weinfl)ein

WeiJJel R.

Weijfemburg

WekhpQol

Wells

Welfcblandt

Wenan

IVeiiar Lac.

Wendenberg

Wendijlt Apoftatcs

Wtrdfre Lac.

Werihem

592

230, 233.
511.

47, 48-
62.
S6.
150.
149.
175.
159-
106.
60%.
380.
590.
139.

58.

98, 260, 261.

191.

59.
157.
133.

86.

85.

122.
123.

ibid.

5o8.
6ip.
232.
169.
$90.

52.

47-
<5o8.

69.
511.
,66.
516.
139.
342.

133.

82.
138.

S4-
608.
225.
608.
^8, 69.
123.
150.
144.
■ 133"

510,
59

98,

1 I

IVerts Fl.

Wefel 127. R.

Wefep, Wefop, Welfe

IVejer Fl.

Wefnul

Wejiergo

Wejlern Inf.

Wejierus

Wejl-Friezland dcfc.

Weft Gothland

Weftmania

Weftmanny Ifles

Westmoreland

Wejlphalia n8

122.

Weftro R.

Wetbersfeild

Wetfch

Wetteraw

Wexford 43

Weymar

Weymouth

White Sea

White Seas

Whithern

Wiburg

Wick^

Wic^ de Duerftede

Wicl^ford

Wic^low C. 45.

Wicoco

Widen

WteFl.

Wted

Wiedum

Wien

Wiering

Wierra Fl.

Wiefnowpsl^ Michael

Wight Inf.

Wight-Ijle County

Wighton

Wigwams

WihitT^

Wiby Flum,

Wildhafen ■

Willemftadt

William and Mary^

Regina
William R. 47.

William of Tyre
Williamftad fort .

123.

122.
169.
125.
125.
172.
555.

69.
172.

68.

69.
617.
592.
Defc.
135.
590.
608.
141.
134-
, 455 47-
147.
6i8.

78.
381.

40.

. 58, $9-
40, 188.

168.

60B.

r. 47.

599-
141.

34> 35.
135.
141.
ibid.
166.
123.

82.
148.
$92.

40.
609.
261.
417.
118.
165.
Rex iZ^

44.

48, $2.

464.

459-

Willoughby Sir H.

Wimpfer

Winchofen

Windiff} Marcli

Wmdiff:landt defc.

Windmill-Point

Wtndfchacht

Windjor

St. Winifids Well

Winipoco Fl.

St. Winnoc

Winnoxbergen

Winf})aim

Wipper Fl.

Wirtenberg

Wirtzbwg

Wpsby

I4IJ

622.
139.

172.
144.

260.

^96.

109.

3 1^ <5o8.

34-
295.

177-
ibid.
133.
149.

13^5 »37, »39-
132.

68.

I2tf.

118, i$o.

. '35.

84.

148.
296.

123.

Wife Men of the Eaft where

buried
Wifmar $$,

Wifibaden
Witepsk^
Wittenberg
Wit:^

Wixel R.
Woeden
Wolarv

Wnlder Sconce
Wolfenbutel
Wolga
Wolgafl
WoUin
Wologda

Wolsl>a Zemia '
Wood Capt.
Woodbridge
Woodcock^
WoodcocJ^ Capt.
Worceft3r
Worcum
Wormacia
Wormenfts Civit.
Wormes 121,

Worotin

Woudrichmum

Wratiflavia

WratTjarv

Wrexham

Wunicli Fl.

Wurtsburg

Wyborgh

■ 165.

157.

. 172.

152.

371,408.

i49f
n8, 149.

73^ 7^.
22$.
625.
604, 603.
608.
418.
608.
164.
130.
ibid.
136,
234.
78.
164.

157.
ibid.

34-
144.
132.

70.
Wyches

130;

122

xa xe

YA YD Yfe tk

ZA ZE

iVyches Inf.

62\.
167.

^agrabienfis de

AU^pa de (a Vera CruTi
580

43'8,

raHjci Prov.
Xah Fl.
Xafno
Xanchcu
Xang . .
'X^iigfiMe '■ ' '■
'JCanfi
Xanthiis
XantUng
Xaoa
Xaochen
'XaQ,vtf
Xarracon
Xat.

St. Xavier
Xelva
Xenophon
Xenfi
Xeque

Xeres de la. Fontera
Xerifs
Xerolibado
Xerxexs Bridge 272,948
^Navy overthrown 288.
Xcoco 447.

FrXirmnes- - si-$.

Ximenes a Oranadin 559.
Ximenes a Cardinal 481,

582.
215.

43P-
ibid.

■ ibid.

■■■ ibid.

349
439
511

442

441

492,

511-

434-
215.

271.

439-
473-
210.

472.
275

YA}r\f.
Tamely
Tao^an
Tarmouth
Tdam
Tedam
Teil^e FL
Tclltrv-Kivcr
Tcmen

Tennee-She'v
Tenkhioi
Terac defc.
Teracli

438,

■TeT^decas
T^ms

Twil County
Tori R.
Tperen
Tral(in defc.
fffeUand
Tftwhh Fl.
Tvka Fl.
Tvodium, Tvo'ix
Tuf/ieacbans

394

31.

592

410,
in
442,
(5o8.
166.
166.
409.

44.
581.
275.

87.
550.

. 395-
398.,
398.

272.
5o8.

592.

! 59^.

177-

3';4-

170.;
•35-'

2Ig.

l8i.

410.

Zagreg

Zagywa Ft.

Zabara

Zaims

Z air Lac. 455.

Zaire

Zaleucm

Za^a

Zdmamara

ZamamiTion
j Z,VTibanach
\ Z amber a

Zainbere Lac,

ZufTMin

Zamnshj

Zatnrhi

Zafifoia

Zanba^a

Zanquebar 294, 4(<8.

527
Zant Inf

Zapandi

I Zapolia a PJrince
iZapotecoi
f Zaara its Scituation

247. Defc.

Aaradefc. $03,to 508.
Zabache jyier. 90.

ZalMcm . -,,..-482..

Zabarels Birth place '247
Zabern 1 2 1

Ximo
Ximheu
Xin-T^ .
<S*?f/M^-'=-- -
Xitufii^gen
Xoa ■ ,
Xoihiiig ' ' ■
XMa.r ~fl.
Xmichi 41,3.
Xunl^ng
Xiiniien

489. Zabolcenfis de Chege

Fortification
\Zaradas Fl.

fZaratna defc.
Zarmifogcthufa
Zarnata -
Zarmvia
Zarnoumza
Zatmar

Zagrab'ia
loi.

$0.5.

104.
504.
38..

5122.

47$.

254.

485.
ibid,
ibid.
371.
4^5. 525.
4^5.-
427.
87.

40 S^
505.
50^.
Defc.
$28.
291.

27^.
108.
581.

and

105

25^.

417.
401.

98'.
283.
202.
ibid.
III.

Zatmanenfis deZatmar 101.

447
•440.

4Ir3-

4*(f)o.

.■475-
511.
44t.-
a 1 2,

■437.
440.

438.

Zabolch
Zatatecai- '^ ■
Zaccha Temple
Zacharias'i TeniTple
Zacbdhyd,
Zapbinthiaps
Zahynthm Inf defc.
Ztiflxn Lac.
Zagara M.

Zag^thay 394. Defc.
Zageans

Zagrabia io5,

U u u tt

.Zatnlfia
Zavolbenfes
Za:{a.ndib
Zaxsebes
Zea Inf
Zeb .
Zeben

Zebutim Tribe
[ Zecbm
Zecora

Zfeburgb, ,
Zegna
Zegrad
Zeila

Zeilon defc .[
Zeita

98,

79-
410.

S37.
98.
289.
$04.
113.
360.
8i,A54.

514-

167.

lor.

349»543-

■-^-^

Zeit^

145.

Zekat

383.

Zela

349-

Zeland

15.8.

— Its Earldom

162.

>—Its Prov. defc.

161.

Zelandia Fort

445-

Zelbcedibes

252.

Zeldales

583.

Zelii

472.

Zel!

152.

Zembra

514.

Zenderin

26-].

Zendero

510.

Zenitana

481.

Zeno

377.

Zenobia

3.^2.

Zenq>hon

377-

Zeque a K..

483.

Zerbjl

147.

Zerdegna

25.8.

Zerfen

*48i.

Zerkk^^et

157.

Zeriffs

476.

Zeringen

131.

Zerneskii

85.

Zerfen

481.

Zoubbabel

3-59'

ZE ZI ZN ZO

Zervia 266.

Zeugma 98,352.

libit 382, 390.

Los Ikatecas $82.

Zideii 38^, 390.

lUia 472.

Zirchmta^ 145-

Zjrckpit zer Lac. 145.

Zirizee 16 j.

Tdrthnitsier Sea 145-

Zifca 1 5$.

Z?/o«:^o f /. 14-5.

Zitacb 371.

Znrfj/n I $6.

Tjiogma ibid.

Znoimum ibid.

Znoymo. ibid.

Zo<tr<« 487.
Zocotora Inf. 294, 29(5, 528.
Df)?. 53<5.

.Zoe/? 127.

Zolfedt 144.
Zolnocenf(.s deZolmcl^ 101.

Z?/M>"<« 3.52.

Zonkhia 283.

locpbyte a Plant 79*

Zoques 58 3.

Zoriga defc.. 3.55.

ZO ZU ZW ZY

ZoYoafpa

ZorQaJier, loroafles

Zorfa

ZotheT^avio

luchriii

Zug

Zugin Sea

luetiT^iga

luider

luiit Beveknd

Zuinglm

luiria

Zulcad'ie

Zulfa Old

Zulpha

Zunchh

4iK»

ibid.

97-
96.

sjzp, 232.
232^
$05,

I22»

i6-^
117, 231.

S^S, 366,
347.

400.
283.

Zurkb 229, 230, 231, 232.
Zurkh Sea 231.

Zuroedra al. Zurobara 1 1 r,
lutpben 122, I $8, i^p.
— Prov. defc. 159,170.
Zuueybmcken 1 30.

Zuyder-^ee Fl.i66yl7o, 1 72.
Zwkl^w 148.

ZwW^i F/. 10.

Z>'^efA 11?^ II 3^

Zype Lac. 166.

Zyras defc, 400.

F I U^ IS.

Advertifement to the Reader,

f A S for An I^dex of the Coins, Weights and' Meafures-,,
X\ treated of m this Book, I thought it notneceffary Po infert
it \. for they being altogether Alphabetically placed under their re^
fpellive Cities and Terms from Page 297, to Page ^40. the
B^^enmay foontr find them. oui. there y then by looking over a.
kp^lndex^

Books Printed for, a/id SoM l?y Thomis Cockerill /«^ the Three
Legs /> the Poultrey, near Stocks-Market.

Books in FoUo^

Hlftorrcal CoUeftions, the ^.d Part, in 2 Volumes. Never before Printed ; con-
taining the Principal Matters which happened from the Meeting of the Parlia-
ment, Nov. 3. 1540. to the end of the yeaf 1(544. wherein is a particular account of
the Rife and Progrefs of the Civil War to that Period : Impartially related. Setting
forth only Matter of Faft in Order of Time, without Obfervation or Reflexion. By
John RuJI}woi-th.

C HAKNOCKs Works in 2 Voll.

A Scheme of the Sins and Duties of the Members of par.ticular Churches, by the
late Reverend Mr.. John Flavel, in a flieet of Paper.

Life,, Reign and Tryal of Mary Queen of Scots. Stitched-

Books in Quarto,

Speculum Theologh In ChYijh : Or a view of fome Divine Truths, by Edrvard Pol-
hill of Burwajh in Sujfex, Efq;.

A Demonftration of the firft Applications of the Apocalypfe^ together witK thecon-
fentof the Antients concerning the fourth Beaft in the 7th- of Daniel, and the Beaft
in the KeveL-tions by Dme Cr^jfener, D. D. '

The Morning Exercife at Cripplegate:, or feveral Cafes of Confcience praftically
Refolved by fundry Miniflers.

A Supplement to the Morning Exercife, or feveral more Cafes of Confciencepra-
ftically refolved by fundry Minifters.

Afeafonable Difcourfe, wherein is examined what. is lawful, during the Confufions
and Revolutions of Government. Stitched-

Books in CHtavo,

INftruftions about Heart-work, what is to be done on Gods part and ours, for the
cure and keeping of the Heart, ^r. by that Eminent Gofpel Minifter, Mt. Kich,^
AUeyn. With a Preface by Dr. Anne/ley. The 2d Edition.

The Evidence of Things not feen : Or. divers Spiritual and Philofophical Difconrfes
concerning the flate of Holy Men after Death ; By that eminently Learned Divine,
M')fes AfnyraldiM^ Tranflated out of the Frencl) Tongue by a Minifter of tlie Church of"
Englmd

Poems on feveral occafions, with a.Paflbral j to, which is added a Difcourfeof Life.
"Ey John Tutclin.

A Succinft and Scafonable Difcourfe of the Occasions, Caufes, Natures, Rife, Growtli
and Remedies of Mental Enors. To which is added, (i.) An Anfwer to Mr. Gary-
againfl: Infant-Baptifin. (2.) An Anfwer .to fome y4«^«wwwn Errors. (3.) A Sermon
about Union. By John Flavel.

Mr. /o/jn F/<ive/j- Remains 3 being, two Sermons :. The one Preached zt Dartmouth
in Devon on the day of the Coronation of their Majefties. The latter intended to be
preached at a Meeting of the united Minifters of feveral Counties. With fome ac^
count ox his Life.

A Difcourfe of Regeneration, Faith and Repentance .-.Preached at the Merchants
Lefture in Broadjlreet. By Tho. Cole Minifter of the Gofpel.

A Difcourfe of Chriftian Religion in fundry points ;. Preached at the. Merchants
iefture.- By T/w. Cde..

Chrijliff':

Books Printed for and Sold by Thomas Cockerill.

Cbnjlmin Corde : Or the Myfliical Union between Chrift and Believers, connd^red
in its rcfemblanccs, bonds, feals^ priviledges and .marks. By ^dfpurd Pilhill Efq-,.

A Difcourfe of the Golpel of Peace, and of the government of our own Spirits ;
Being the fubfbance of divers Sermons, from Eph. 6. 15. and Pfov. 16. 32. lately
preached by "/a!;/! Frf/(^'3 Min.ifler bf the Gofpel; ' .

Precious Faith, Conudered in its Nature,VVorking and Growth. By E. PolbrS.t.^.

A Difcourfe concerning Liturgies, by the late Learned Divine Mr. David Clerkion.,

A Difcourfe concerning trouble of Mind and the difeafe of Melancholly, in three
parts i written for the ufe of fuch as are or have been exercifcd by the fame : By
T?>«. Rngirs, M. A. who was long afiiifted with -both. To which is added Ibma let-
ters from feveral Divines, relating to the fame. fubject. . '■• '\

Geogniphy Anatomised : Or a compleat Gc'^Tgraphical Grammer, being a fhopt and
e-xaft Anaiyfis of tlTC whole body of Modern Geography ^ after a new, plain and eafie
Method, vvliereby any perfon may in a fnort time attain to the knowledge of tlidt
incft noble and ufeful Science, (Z^r. ■ To which is fub joy ned the prefent llate of 'the
European Plantations in the Eajl and Weft Indies ■■, with a Reafonable Propofal for the
propagation of the bielTcd Gofpcl in dll Pagan Countries. Illuftratgd withdivcrs
i^aps. By Patrick Gordon, M. A. • ' ' J

Love to Chrift, neceifary for all to ,efcape the Curfc at his coming, by T. D 00 little.

An Ejcp-jfition of the AfTemblics Shorter Catechifm, with Praftical Infereiices from
each (^uertion : By John Flavel, late Miniiler of the Gofpel at Dartmouth in Devon.

.The Almofc Cliridian: I^y Er^el^iel Hopkins, D. D. late lordBiihop of Londonderry.
- Sermons Preached on Several Occafions : By John Conant, D.T).

The Mourners Directory, Guiding him to the Middle Way betwixt the two Ex-
'f reams, Defeft of Sorrow for his Dead, and Excefs of Sorrow for his Dead. To
which is added, The Mourners Soliloquy.: By Thomns D.vlittle, M. A.
' The Righteous Mans Hope at Death : Connder'd and Improv'd for the" Comfort of
Dying Chriflians ; and the Support of Surviving RehtioRS. To which is Added,
Death-Bed Rei^ecfions, &c. proper for. a; Righteous Man in his Laft Sicknefs. By
Sainue^ Dpolittle. ,

. . Booh in Twelves,

A Difcourfe of fccret Prayer, firft Preached and n&Vv Publifhed at the requeft of
thofe that heard it. By Samuel Slater Minifter of the Gofpel.

The Future State : Or a Difcourfe attempting fomie difplay of the Souls Happinefs,
in regard to that eternally progrelTive knowledge, or eternal increafe of knowledge,
and the confequences of it, which is among the bleffed in Heaven : By a Country
Gentleman, ti VVorihipper of God intlie way of the Church of England.

A Week of Soliloquies and Prayers, with a preparation to the Holy Communion,
and other Devotions added to this Edition, by Peter dii Modin, D. D.

A Difcourfe of the Reafonablenefs of Perfonal Reformation, and Neceffityof Con-
teriion, the true method of making all m,en happy in this World, and in the World
to come : Seafonably difcouifed, and earneftly prelfed on this licentious Age : By
J'ihn Flavell, a fincere lover of his Native C6untry, and -the Souls of Men.

The laft Legacy of Henry Care Gent, lately deceafed, containing a brief futnfte of

Xhriftian Dottrine, by way of Queftion and Anfwer ■■, particularly relating tofeveral

of the moft important points controverted between us and the Romanifts. Stitched.

Some Prifon Meditations and Direftions on feveral fubje<^s •, viT^. Fall of Man, Suf-
fering of Chrid, Prayer, &c. By ^^w. 7"o««^ Minifter cf the Gofpel.

Englilh Exercifes for School Boys, to tranllate into Latin, comprizing all the Rules
of Gy-amm.er, and other neceifary Obfervations, afcending gradually from the mean-
tft ttf the highcfl Capacities. By JohnGanetfon, SchooImaUer. Fourth Edition.

It J^

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