Giles Carter of Virginia: genealogical memoir by William Giles Harding Carter

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GILES CARTER

OF VIRGINIA

GILES CARTER

OF VIRGINIA

GENEALOGICAL MEMOIR

BY

GENERAL WILLIAM GILES HARDING CARTER

UNITED STATES ARMY

Author of '^ Horses, Saddles, and Bridles," "From Yorktoivn to Santiago,"

"Old Army Sketches," etc.

THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS

BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.

1909

#

The object of this memoir is to trace the branch of
the Carter family of Virginia from wHch the author
is descended. In pursuit of tliis object, insistence has
been had upon authentic records for all statements
of facts: traditions have served only as guides in the
search for original records. The incompleteness of
the work is fully recognized, but it is hoped that its
publication at this time may be the means of more
rapidly developing essential facts than has been ac-
complished through correspondence. The obstacles
and delavs encountered bv the author mav be imder-
stood from the mere statement that since the re-
searches were begun about six years ago, his orders
have required him to Adsit England and Europe to
make certain investigations for the Govermnent, and
later to command a Department in the Philippine
Islands, involving an absence of more than two years,
and that he is now. und-e:!? o^rd^rs again to p;'oceed to
foreign service.'

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COXTEXTS.

PAGE

Foreword 7

Idextiticatiox of Families 17

Direct Lixe of Descext 32

Collateral Lixeage 62

The Bere:eley HrxDRED Coloxy 84

The GLOrCESTERSHIRE COLOXISTS 98

Ctexealogy 108

The Author 12-1

FOREWORD.

The great impetus given to genealogical and his-
torical research in recent years, through the publica-
tion of rare documents hitherto unavailable, encour-
aged me to reopen comnnuiication mth kinsmen, long
neglected during my wanderings with a marching
regiment. To my surprise I found these widely scat-
tered nation builders quite as ignorant of family his-
tory as myself, possessed only of traditions, many of
which were wholly dissipated by the strong light of
scientific research through the musty and scattered
records of three centuries. After much futile corre-
spondence it dawned upon me that unless I was pre-
pared to accept a line of descent by a sort of wireless
genealogy, I must take the back trail and adhere to it
faithfully whither it might lead.

The constant shifting of county and parish boun-
dary lines in Virginia, and the talismanic beckoning
which ever lured colonists on in the search for more
and richer lands, have created most perplexing con-
ditions for those who now enter upon the study of
Virginia genealogy of the past three centuries. The
frontier life bred a love of independence and adven-

8 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

ture that induced the virile men and women of Vir-
ginia to cross over the mountains to the West and
South, in ever increasing numbers, where, for lack of
reliable means of coniQiunication, they gradually lost
touch with their kinsmen who remained along the
tide water and in the valleys of Virginia.

As time passed and some of the colonists acquired
fortune or became prominent through holding public
of&ce, their business transactions and official acts
were carefully noted and their descendants may be
generally identified, although, in many cases, all
traces of contemporary kinsmen have been lost. The
carefully devised English laws concerning the keep-
ing of records of births, marriages, deaths and busi-
ness transactions, were necessarilv in abevance
amongst a people whose immediate call of duty was
the clearing of forests, building of homes and per-
petual preparedness to overmaster the cunning and
stratagem of red men, become resentful at being de-
spoiled of their hunting grounds. The existence, here
and there, of a diary or other family record, serves
only to accentuate the general deficiency of reliable
data concerning the first half century of settlement.
The destruction of many British records of that pe-
riod, relating to the colonies, has caused many inves-
tigators to indulge in speculations wholly unsatisfac-
tory to trained genealogists. It is impossible at this

FOEEWOED 9

time to establish from the fragmentary records the
date and place of embarkation or even of the landing
in Virginia of many of the earlier colonists who sub-
sequently attained prominence, and the relationship,
if any, of those bearing the same names.

When I look back at my initial efforts to imravel
the tangled skein and recall the groping and floun-
dering, I am amazed that I ever had the courage to
go forward. I had entered the military service at an
early age, at the close of the great Civil War in which
the family, like many others in the border states of
the Confederacy, had divided and cast its fortunes
on opposing sides in the fratricidal conflict. The
knowledge which comes in normal times as traditions
from the passing generation was lost to me, and
when I had fully awakened to the fact, nearly all
those who could have aided in the research had passed
away.

It was certain only that my grandfather had, with
his family, joined the migration of over-mountain
men from Southern Virginia, in the early years of
the Nineteenth Century and that, with other kinsmen
devoted to horse breeding, he had taken up lands in
the fertile blue grass section of Middle Tennessee.
His will had been accidentally destroyed before be-
ing probated, and the family Bible alone remained to
fui'nish the solitary clew, the Cjuaint name of my

10 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

grandmotlier, "" Unity/' which served as the beacon
to light the genealogical pathway in Old Virginia, and
to differentiate in a family where the same Christian
names prevail in all the branches to the remotest de-
gree of kinship. The marriage record, located after
casting many nets in vain, served to reopen the
family trail which led literally over mountains and
through swamps, sometimes dim almost to oblitera-
tion, but which finally unfolded into a straight high-
way through the gradual accumulation of w^ell de-
fined mile posts on the genealogical journey.

It was a discouraging undertaking, but wdth each
link of the chain forged anev>^, an enthusiasm and a
charm was discovered such as had never borne me up
and on in other tasks. Historical facts, hitherto
passed over in a cursory way, took on new life when
treated as of the period contemporary with a living,
virile generation of my own ancestors. At times the
unearthing of things essential, by a process of ana-
lytical reasoning, brought a deep and dignified sense
of satisfaction, while at others, equally important
ends came through blind stumbling along some hid-
den pathway. And when worn and tired with the
unrest of every day life, a peaceful enjo}Tiient always
awaited me when I could take up the thread and fit
some newly arrived link into the slowly growing
chain.

FOREWOED 11

The habit of wandering into the by-paths of colo-
nial history steadily grew upon me and things hither-
to but dimly outlined in the mind became as defi-
nitely fixed as the contents of a certain ironbound
chest, the ransacking of which had served so loyally
to fill in the rainy days of long ago. And when the
trail had reached back in the past to a point beyond
which all was dust and ashes, and from which the
imagery of the veriest castle builder could no longer
fashion virile men and women of his own clan, there
came a keen sense of personal loss that the delving
which had long fascinated me had come to an end.
But there will remain as the direct result of this pa-
tient research a deeper sentiment of reverence and
respect for the nation builders, whether cavalier or
puritan, who dared the dangers of the sea in the frail
vessels which for a century or more comprised the
only fleet available for those who came to establish
upon America's shores the initial plant which has
grown to include the greatest agricultural, commer-
cial and industrial development known in the ar-
chives of the world's history.

While delving in the old records there was constant
temptation to stray from the strict object of research.
For instance the record of the Henrico County court
of August 1st, 1685, was observed to contain this or-
der for the first ducking stool in the Colony of Vir-

12 GILES CARTER OF VIRGIXIA

ginia : '' There being no ducking stool in this County
as ye law enjoynes, Captain Thomas Cocke is re-
quested and appointed, between this and October
Court next, to erect one in some convenient place
near ye court house and ye it be well and substantially
done, for ye which he shall be satisfied in ye County
levy ; to ye which ye said Cocke consents and obliges
himself to the performance thereof."

The immigrants to Virginia were not all cavaliers
nor those of New England all puritans. It has gen-
erally been supposed, however, that the use of duck-
ing stools was confined to the stern men of the north-
ern settlements. If this ducking stool was ever used
in Henrico County the record of it escaped observa-
tion.

In these modern days authors are prone to write of
the need of uplift and a retui^n to the honest and
simple life of the colonial forefathers. That this pre-
sumed superior honesty is more imaginary than real
is indicated by the oath of office required of one of
the most powerful of the colonial functionaries, the
commander or commissioner of a count v :

'' Ye shall swear that as commissioner of ye
County, ye shall doe equal right to ye poor as to ye
rich, to ye best of ye cunning, wit and power and
after the precedents and customs of the Province and
acts of assembly thereof made, and to hold ye sessions

FOEEWOED 13

or coin*ts as ye are directed in ye commission or ac-
cording to acts of assembly providing in ye behalf:
and all fines and amercements as shall happen to be
made and all forfeitures which shall fall before you,
ye shall cause to be entered without any concealment
and certify ye same to his Lordships Receiver of this
province ; ye shall not barr or hinder ye prosecution
of justice or take any gift, bribe or fee to ye intent of
delaying of judgment: but shall behave yourself
wisely and truly to ye best of your understanding and
power so long as ye shall persist in this office and
untill ye shall be by lawfuU authority discharged
therefrom soe help ye God/'

The search of court records of to-dav for data con-
cerning the eighty millions of Americans would be
discouraging and unprofitable, but in the early colo-
nial period they constitute the most reliable source of
information. Their value in this respect has come to
be generally recognized. Much has been done for the
preservation of records but much remains to be done,
not only of mere copying, but of intelligent analysis
and connection of historically unportant entries in
widely separated records.

How quaint all the old fragments of colonial rec-
ords, laboriously penned, seem in the light of the
modern way! Schoolmasters were rare in the early
days, actual money all but unkno^^^l and tobacco the

z

14 GILES CARTER OF VIEGIXIA

only currency of the colony for a hundred and fifty
years. The vestry of each parish were sworn to abide
by the doctrines and discipline of the Church as en-
joined by the statutes of William and Mary, to bear
true faith and allegiance to his Majesty the King and
to disavow belief in the transubstantiation in the
sacrament of the Lord's Supper, and in addition
were burdened with many duties ordinarily pertain-
ing to the secular administration of county affairs.

Amongst the varied and important functions of
government devolving on the church vestrymen and
w^ardens was the appointment every fourth year of
'' processioners " to view all boundary lines of land
grants and claims, to arbitrate differences and to see
that the shooting and range laws were complied with.
There were no eleemosynary institutions in the col-
ony, and had there been, the lack of transportation
facilities would have rendered them inutile to the
widely scattered settlers. It, therefore, devolved
ux)on the vestry of each parish to provide for the poor
and unfortunate, and, to that end, they were empow-
ered to levy taxes, to bind minors to service, and to
apportion the destitute amongst the more fortunate
who were willing to undertake their care for a small
allowance, usually paid in tobacco. So that while
there was ofttunes complaint of some counties that
horse racing, cock fighting and card playing were

FOREWOED 16

too prevalent, there is abundant evidence that the
corner stones and foundations of a peo]3le of high
and abiding moral fibre were not neglected.

There is a dignity about the old marriage bonds,
used for more than two centuries after the first settle-
ment along the James, that appeals with peculiar
force in these iconoclastic days. These documents
have quite generally disajjpeared, but in one of the
nmnerous counties where Carters lived and sought
maids in marriage, the old bonds have all been pre-
served and thus thev run:

'' Know all men by these presents, that I John
Carter of Brunswick County and James Jones of the
County of Surrey, are held and firmly bomid unto
our Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the grace
of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King,
Defender of the Faith, etc., in the sum of fifty pounds
current money of Virginia, to be paid to our said
Lord the King, his heirs and successors to the pae-
ment whereof we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors
and administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by
these presents. Sealed with our seals and dated this
3rd Jan'y, 1754.

*^ The condition of this obligation is such, that
whereas there is a marriage suddenly intended to be
solemnized between the above bound John Carter
and Rebecca Stuart of the Parish of St. Andrew in

16 GILES CAETER OE VIRGIXIA

Brunswick Co. Spinster — Now if there is no lawful
cause to obstruct said marriage, then this obligation
to be void, or else to remain in full force and virtue.

John Cakter (Seal).

James Jones (Seal).''

Upon the execution of such a bond, with approved
security, the clerk issued a certificate authorizing any
one licensed by the county court to perform the
ceremony. If the marriage was to be celebrated ac-
cording to the rites of the established Church, the
words " solemnly intended " were inserted; if any
other ceremony was to be used then the words * ^ sud-
denly intended " were substituted. The licenses
were not returned to the clerk of the court, and ex-
cept for family Bibles and the private records kept
by ministers, these bonds constituted the only mar-
riage registers required by law, until the middle of
the Nineteenth Century. Many of the clerks trans-
ferred the essential facts from the bonds to books for
their own convenience, but fire and the sword, vandal-
ism and the corruption of time have caused most of
these to disappear.

ROBERT CARTER

BORN HALIFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA
22 DECEMBER, 1770

IDEXTIFICATIOX OF FAMILIES.

This memoir concerns Giles Carter of Henrico,
Virginia, and Ms descendants, but makes no pretence
to be a complete record. The research was begun for
the purpose of tracing by the records the direct an-
cestors of General William Giles Harding Carter.
Information concerning collateral branches of the
family has been noted, and while meager, is not suf-
ficiently so to discourage one trained to genealogical
research and with time available for its accomplish-
ment.

"While the connection between Giles Carter, of Hen-
rico, born in 1634, and Giles Carter of Gloucester-
shire, England, who sailed from Bristol September
25th, 1620 (O. S.), on the Supply, for Berkeley Hun-
dred, has not yet been established, the results of the
author's study of the Berkeley Hundred Colony and
the family connection of those interested in its estab-
lishment are included in this volume. In tracing back
the Carter families of Gloucestershire bearing, in
each generation, the same Christian names as the Vir-
ginia family which this memoir concerns, it was ob-
served that they appear to have been of the landed or

18 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

agricultural class from a remote period antedating
the published histories of their county. With but
rare exceptions the descendants of Giles Carter of
Virginia have adhered through more than two and a
half centuries to the life of planters and stock
farmers.

The branch of the Carter family descended from
Giles and Hannah Carter, under consideration in
this memoir, has not been prominently identified with
high public office nor with great industrial or com-
mercial undertakings. From their recorded wills
and deeds, it is ascertained that they were land and
slaye holders, liying the simple life of planters, en-
during the hardships which were eyer the lot of
pioneers and playing their modest part in laying the
foundations of now prosperous commonwealths.

Of the numerous daughters of this branch of Car-
ters and their descendants, inyolyed in three cen-
turies of a shifting panorama of new states and terri-
tories in their formatiye period, there is but little of
record recognizable to the casual inyestigator. It is
only through a long and patient search of family
Bibles and scattered records, that the history of these
kinswomen and their widely dispersed descendants
may be deyeloped.

There are seyeral families of Carters of Virginia,
descended mainly from John Carter of Lancaster

IDE^^TIFICATION OF FAMILIES 19

County, Giles Carter of Henrico Countv and Thomas
Carter of Lancaster Countv, which mav or mav not
have sprung from a common English ancestry. The
scattered descendants of Virginia Carters assumed
for a long time that all were descended from Colonel
John Carter of Corotoman and that he was descended
from William Carter of Carstown, Hertford, Eng-
land. It is unfortunate that the published genea-
logical records relating to the Carters of Virginia
have heretofore been confined to the f amilv of Robert
Carter, commonly kno^Aia as " King '' Carter (1663-
1732), and who was a son of Colonel John Carter and
Sarah Ludlow, one of his five wives. Robert Carter
became probably the wealthiest man of all the colo-
nies. His immediate descendants intermarried vdth.
many of the most prominent families of the Old Do-
minion, and while those descendants bearing the
name of Carter have not been prominent in public
life during the past century, many of their kinsmen,
in whose veins flowed the blood of Robert (King)
Carter, have added laurels to the family escutcheon
and imperishable pages to the nation's history.

The relationship, if any, of Colonel John Carter
with Edward and Thomas Carter, living at the same
time in Lancaster County, Virginia, has never been
definitely determined, although it has been surmised
that John and Edward were brothers.

20 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

It is not known from just what county of England
Colonel John Carter emigrated. From the will of
Edward Carter it appears that he was from Middle-
sex Coimtv, England, in the vicinity of London.

There is a British record of the marriage of John
Carter of Stepney, Middlesex, to Jane Cleaves, widow
of All Hallows, Barking, London, 25th of October,
1611. As Cleave appeared as a Christian name of the
Carters in Virginia it may yet be determined to have
been derived from the marriage mentioned and that
John, Edward and Cleave were of Middlesex Comity,
England. It is certain that the Grioucestersliire Car-
ters had lived in that coimty for several centiu^ies
prior to the settlement of Virginia, and the Christian
names of Giles, William and John have always pre-
vailed.

It is quite certain that Colonel John Carter of Co-
rotoman was of unvarying Royalist sentiments, and
it is equally certain that Giles Carter of Henrico
fraternized with the opposition to Sir William
Berkeley during his later service as Governor of the
Colony of Virginia, and which culminated in the so-
called '^ Bacon's Rebellion." King Charles II be-
came convinced that Governor Berkeley's course had
been unwise if not absolutely unjust, but the families
of those in sympathy with Bacon were historically
without the pale of public office or political prefer-

IDENTIFICATION^ OF FAMILIES 21

meut, for a long period, and were amongst tlie first
to penetrate tlie unexplored regions of the Southwest.

During the early colonial period large families
were the rule, and, being dependent almost wholly
upon agriculture, the division of land, vnih each new
generation, reduced the probability of success of
those descendants who remained upon the home plan-
tations. The result was a constant migration of those
not heirs to large estates, away from the tide water
region to the back counties and later to new territo-
ries and states. In this wav the descendants of Giles
Carter, during two and a half centuries, have become
dispersed, from Virginia to Texas. Traditions as to
their ancestors are generally vague, and were it not
for the perpetuation, from generation to genera-
tion, of family names, it would be extremely diffi-
cult to locate the records necessary to identify many
families.

The descendants of Giles Carter and their kins-
men have continued generally in the South. A not-
able exception to this occurred in the family of Rich-
ard Everard Bennett, of " Poplar Mount,'' Halifax
County, whose wife was Ann Carter, daughter of
Theodrick (Third) and Judith Cimningham Carter.
A son of this marriage, Richard E. Bennett, Jr.,
moved to Illinois, and the senior surviving member
of this family now (1909) bears the name Theodrick

22 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGIXIA

Carter Bennett, his mother Maria Carter having been
a first cousin of his father. Although born in Illinois,
Theodrick Carter Bennett, being on a visit to his
Carter kinsmen in Texas at the outbreak of the Civil
War, joined Terry's Texas Rangers and continued
in the Confederate Army to the end, when he re-
turned to Illinois.

One of the Bennett descendants, Judge Walter
Bennett Scates, succeeded Judge L^^nan Trumbull
as Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois ^Yhen
Trumbull was elected to the United States Senate.
He served in the Union Armv as a lieutenant-colonel
on the staff of General McClernand.

Doctor Walter Bennett, the progenitor of this fam-
ily in Virginia, left a journal of his travels, and for
his son Richard Everard Bennett, a recipe book in
which appears a strange commingling of medical pre-
scriptions for the human kind and animals ; and rec-
ords of births and deaths of children interspersed
with entries such as these:

'^ North American, a sorrel horse-colt, foaled on
Tuesday the 17th day of April, 1810 out of Nancy
Maid, a bay mare purchased of Mr. Baird, Esq., got
by gray Diomed, his dam by North Britain who was
imported by John Baird Esq."

To accurately and definitely trace a line of family
descent court records are the most valuable because

IDEXTIFICATIOX OF FAMILIES 23

usually made imder oath and presumably accurate.
Family Bibles appear to be next in accuracy, as to
births in Virginia families, because the entries in
church parish records show indubitably that the data
concerning their scattered parishioners was collected
bv the ministers from time to time and not as records

«

of each individual birth. Frequently all the children
of a family are found as successive entries in parish
registers, although the series of births may have cov-
ered many years. Marriage and death records are
apt to be accurate, because usually entered at the time
of the events.

The perpetuation of Christian names serves to
greatly facilitate the identification of families in all
records and contemporary history. In the several
families of Carters of Virginia, certain Christian
names peculiar to each family occur in each genera-
tion, while other names, such as John and Robert, are
quite connnon in all the families even where no rela-
tionship exists. Giles and Theodrick have not been
fomid in anv other branch of the Carter familv, al-
though one or both have ajopeared in each generation
of the branch which this memoir concerns, from
Giles, the immigrant, down to the present generation.
During one generation, 1775 to 1800, there were no
less than seven members of this family bearing the
name of Theodrick Carter. Giles or Gvles Carter

24 GILES CAETEE OF VIRGINIA

has been found rontinnouslv. back to the most ancient
records of Grloucestershire, England, and lias not
been identified with anv of the other Carter families
in England.

While perpetuation of Christian names serves to
identifv families, it also leads at times to serious em-

«

harassment, from the ^dewpoint of the genealogist,
unless contemporary records are available to unravel
the multiplication of identical names. As an instance
of this, Theodrick Carter (First), a son of Giles Car-
ter, had two sons named Theodrick (Second) and
John. Theodrick Carter (Second) named his first
three sons John, Theodrick and William. His broth-
er John named his first three sons Theodrick, John
and William. Each of these two brothers honored
the other by naming his first son after the brother,
the second being given his own father's name and the
third in each case being named William. The ^\dlls
of Theodrick (Second) and John served to unravel
this confusion of names.

Certain parish, colonial and coimty records aid in
identification of individuals. The date of death of
Giles Carter (Second) is not known. The last record
concerning him in the locality where he was born and
lived is found in the following record of a vestry
meeting held at Curl's Church, for Henrico Parish,
the sixth day of December, Ano. 1735 :

IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILIES 25

'' Pursuant to an act of Assembly of this colony,
and in obedience to the order of Henrico County
Court, made at a court held for ye said county, this
first day of December, Ano. 1735 : The vestry do or-
der that John Cocke, Gerrard Ellyson and Giles Car-
ter, with the assistance of the neighboring freehold-
ers, do sometime before the last day of March next
coming, goe in procession and renew the lines of all
lands from Boar Swamp on Chickahominy Swamp,
to the lower bounds of ye parish, thence southerly to
the place where the Long Bridge road parts with Bot-
tom Bridge road, and that the said John Cocke, Ger-
rard Ellyson and Giles Carter (or any two of them),
do take and return to their parish vestry, an accomit
of every person's lands by them processioned, and
the persons present at the same, and of all land in
their precinct they shall fail to procession, and the
particular reasons for such failure.''

An act of the general assembly of Virginia was
passed in October, 1786, for clearing and extending
the navigation of the Chickahominy B-iver, and Wil-
liam Carter, a descendant of Giles Carter (First),
was one of a committee of trustees appointed to
supervise the clearing of the channel as far up as
Meadow Bridge.

An act of the general assembly was passed Decem-
ber 21, 1795, under which Everard Meade, Joseph

26 GILES CARTEE OF VIEGIXIA

Eggleston, Ryland Eandolpli. Edniimd Harrison,
Richard Tenable, John Epperson. Francis Eppes,
Henry Skipwith, Bidler Claiboiu-ne, Samuel Carter,
James Wade and other gentlemen were appointed
^' trustees for clearing, improving and extending the
navigation of the Appomatox River from Banister's
Mills as far up the same as they may judge it i^rac-
ticable, so as to have a sufficient depth and width of
water to navigate boats, batteaus or canoes capable
of carrying eight hogsheads of tobacco." Samuel
Carter who was named as one of the trustees was a
son of Theodrick (Second) and Anne Carter. Sam-
uel's brother TTaddill married Mildred, a daughter
of James AVade, who was also named as one of the
trustees.

At the Halifax County. Virginia, coui't, held in
November, 1799, the following was ordered and made
of record :

'' Theodrick Carter. Gentleman, is recommended
to his Excellency, the Governor or Chief Magistrate,
for the time being, as a lit person to execute the office
of Sheriff of this County for the ensuing year."

He filled the office for two successive tenns. His
identification aided materially in clearing up a
tangled procession of Theodricks in that generation.

The last but one in the branch of the familv herein
traced, to bear the name of Theodrick, and who was

IDEXTIFICATIOX OF FAMILIES 27

Theodrick (Sixth) in direct line, entered tlie Confed-
erate service from Tennessee at twentv-one years of
age and accom]3anied General ZoUicofer to Ken-
tucky. Subsequent to the death of his chief at the
battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, he served as cap-
tain and A. D. C. u]Don the staff and accomijanied
Hood's army on its march north for Xashville in
1864. The battle of Franldin was peculiarly fatal to
the Confederate Ai^mv in its loss of officers and none
was more tragic than that of young Theodrick Car-
ter, thus described by General J. D. Cox, U. S. Vol-
unteers, in his history of the battles of Franklin and
Xashville :

^ ^ But even civil war rarely furnishes so sad a storv
as that which the Carter familv have to tell. The
house was occupied by an elderly man and his two

daughters The battle, when it came, broke

upon them so suddenly that they did not dare to leave,
and they took refuge in the cellar. The house was in
the focus of the storm which raged about it for hours.
.... The long night ended at last, and with the first
light the young women found relief in ministering
to the wounded who had crept into the house and out-
buildings, and in carrying water to those on the field.
But, as they climbed the parapet at the rear of the
house, among the first they found was a young staff
officer, their own brother, mortally wounded, l}TJag,

28 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

as he had fallen at sunset, almost at the door of his
home/' *

The name of Waddill appeared in the fourth gen-
eration of the Carter family in Virginia, as a Chris-
tian name. It is believed to have been introduced
through the marriage of Theodrick Carter (Second)
with Anne Waddill. A daughter of this marriage
was named Amie Waddill and a son named Waddill.
John Carter, a son of Theodrick (Second) and Anne,
named his first daughter Anne Waddill. The Wad-
dills lived in St. Peter's Parish for many years, as
shown by the register and other parish records. Wil-
liam Waddill, Sr., was a vestryman and also church
warden of St. Peter's Parish. His name was spelled
Waddell in all the records until the meeting of
August 18th, 1704, after which it was always spelled
Waddill imtil it disappears from the vestry proceed-
ings, the last entry being at the meeting of October
8th, 1737. William Waddill, son of William Waddill,
was baptized April 29th, 1694. William Waddill was
a witness to the will of John Carter's father, Theod-
rick Carter (Second). One of the witnesses to the
will of John Carter of Halifax was Noel Waddill.

♦ The mortality amongst the Confederate generals at Franklin in-
cluded General John C. Carter, and was unparalleled in any other battle
of the war. It is said to have resulted from an impatient remark of
General Hood, over the failure to crush the Federal Army before reach-
ing Franklin, which caused the generals and other officers to recklessly
expose themselves in the battle which followed.

IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILIES 29

Other Christian names are traced less directly.
The old Henrico records show " Mr. Robert Wood-
son, Mr. Richard Ferris, Mr. Giles Carter, William
Ferris and Roger Comins," as partners in a land
grant.

At the date of taking the census of 1625, John
Woodson, who came over in '' The George " in 1619,
and his wife Sarah, lived at Flower de Hundred, on
the south side of the James. A son Robert married
Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Ferris, and had issue :
John, Robert, Richard, Joseph, Benjamin and Eliza-
beth, who married John Pleasants. A son of Rich-
ard, also named Richard, married Anne Michaux.
Anne Michaux Woodson had two daughters; one,
Elizabeth, married Nathaniel Venable and the other,
Agnes, married Francis Watkins, Clerk of Prince
Edward County.

Nathaniel Venable and Francis Watkins were ex-
ecutors of and Agnes Watkins a witness to the will of
Theodrick Carter (Second) which was probated Jan-
uary 19th, 1777. The second Theodrick 's son, John
Carter, named one son Francis Watkins, one Richard
and one Robert. Robert Carter named one son Rob-
ert Michaux and a daughter Sarah Venable. The
second Theodrick Carter's son, Theodrick (Third),
named a son Nathaniel.

30 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

Abraham Venable, who married Elizabeth Mi-
chaux, daughter of Jacob ]\Iichaux, was a witness to
the will of Waddill Carter, son of Theodrick Carter
(Second). Martha Venable, a sister of Abraham,
married John Holcomb of Prince Edward County,
Virginia. Samuel Venable, son of Abraham and
Elizabeth Michaux Venable, married Aim Anderson,
daughter of Thomas Anderson of Mecklenburg
County, Virginia. Francis Watkins Carter married
Sarah Holcomb Anderson.

Samuel was given as a Christian name by Theod-
rick Carter (Second) to one of his sons and has been
perpetuated to the present generation.

It appears from the English and Virginia records
that Giles, John and William have come as Christian
names through many generations of Carters in Grlou-
cestershire, England; that Theodrick has been a
favorite name since about 1650, in Virginia, and that
Richard, Robert, Waddill, Samuel, Nathaniel and
Francis have come through association with the
Michaux, Waddills, Venables and Watkins in
Virginia.

In examining the old records the writer was par-
ticularly interested to find that in Gloucestershire,
England, one of the daughters of Giles Carter had
married William Harding in the Sixteenth Century ;
that contemporaries bearing the names of Giles Car-

IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILIES 31

ter and William Harding were in Henrico County,
Virginia, with the Grioucestershire settlers in the
early ]3art of the Eighteenth Century, and that in the
Twentieth Century the writer should bear the name
of William Giles Harding Carter.

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT.

The plan followed in developing the line of descent
has been to trace back, generation by generation, to
Giles Carter, who was born in 1634. Having followed
out the immediate line to its source in America, the
course was then reversed, and beginning with Giles
Carter, the line of descent was proved and informa-
tion of record concerning collateral branches was
noted and analyzed.

In the pursuit of the information necessary to
work out the completed chain, and to accomplish the
identification of individuals and families, it was
sometimes necessary to draw deductions from scanty
and widely dispersed details. By a process of elimi-
nation and comparison the direct line was finally
established and this has been followed by persistent
examination of records and contemporary biograph-
ical and historical writings.

The first Giles Carter of whom there is any record
in Virginia came from Gloucestershire, England,
with William Tracy on the Supply, which sailed from
Bristol September 24th, 1620 (O. S.), and arrived at
Berkeley January 29th, 1621 (O. S.). After looking

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 33

over the situation Giles Carter returned to England
inunediately before or just after the Indian massacre
of Friday, April 1st, 1622. The Garter family of
Gloucestershire, England, in which Gyles or Giles
appears as a Christian name, was connected with the
Tracy family by the marriage of Giles Carter and
Elizabeth Tracv. This Giles was a son of John Car-
ter of Lower Swell, who was High Sheriff of Glouces-
tershire in 1612. The family and its connections are
considered in a separate chapter, for the reason that
in the fragmentary state of the published records of
that early period, it has not yet been practicable to
identify the parents of Giles Carter who was born in
1634, who lived at Turkey Island during Bacon's Re-
bellion, and whose mil is preserved in Henrico
County, Virginia. From the incomplete records of
the first half century of colonization in Virginia, it
is difficult to find continuous and accurate data of
even those who bore the most prominent part in colo-
nial affairs.

Beginning with Giles Carter of Henrico County,
Virginia, whose descendants are traced in this
memoir, the recorded wills have been preserved and
the direct line of descent is traced bv means of these
wills and other countv records and familv Bibles.

The records of Henrico County, Virginia, estab-
lish, in a deposition, that Giles Carter was born in

34 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

1634. At the period of Bacon's Rebellion he was the
intimate friend of Colonel James Crewe of Turkey
Island, Henrico County, one of Bacon's active and
prominent adherents. For his participation in Ba-
con's Eebellion Colonel James Crewe was tried by
court-martial and sentenced to be hanged.

The record of the proceedings of the court-martial
which tried Colonel James Crewe has been preserved
as follows :

*^ At a Court-martial held at Green Spring the
24th day of January 1676-7.

'' Present Sir William Berkelev, Knt. Governor
and Captain General of Virginia.
Colonel Bacon Colonel Ludwell Colonel Ramsey
Colonel Ballard Colonel Claiborne Major Page.
Colonel West Colonel Hill

^' James Crewes being brought before the Court
for treason and rebellion against his most sacred
majestie, and pleading nothing in his defence, and
the court being very sensible that the said Crewes was
a most notorious actor, aydor and assistor in the re-
bellion therefore the court are unanimously of opin-
ion, and doe adjudge him guilty of the accusation:
Sentence of death, therefore past upon him to re-
turne to the prison from which he came, and from
thence (on Friday next) to be carry ed to the gal-
lowes, there to be hanged until he be dead."

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 35

It is not known in detail just what part Colonel
Crewe took in Bacon's Rebellion, but when the Vir-
ginia Assembly passed an act granting pardon to
those who had participated in it, he and about fifty
others were excluded.

Subsequent to his execution a bill of attainder was
passed, which contained this final proviso :

'' Provided alwavs, and it is the true intent and
meaning of the act, that the severall estates of the
severall persons herein mentioned to be convicted
and stand attainted of high treason, shall only be in-
ventoried and security taken that the same shall not
be embezzled, and upon such security, the said estates
nor any parte thereof shall not be removed, but shall
remaine and be in the hands of the person or persons
now possessing the same untill the King's majesties
further pleasure shall be signified therein."

The act of attainder was repealed by proclamation
July 8th, 1680.

Sir William Berkeley, in his report of those exe-
cuted, says: '' Condemned at my house (Green
Spring) and executed when Bacon lay before James-
town:

'' 1. Colonel Crewe, Bacon's parasyte, that con-
tinually went about ye country, extolling all Bacon's
actions, and justifying his rebellion."

The exclusion of Crewe from amnesty after he had

36 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

been executed was of little moment except to Ms
heirs. The wise provisions of the bill of attainder
are now believed to have been inserted to secure es-
tates to rightful heirs and to prevent Governor
Berkeley from personally confiscating them. Viewed
in the light of documents since made public, Colonel
Crewe was a patriotic, self-respecting gentleman. He
was officiallv slain bv the verdict of a court-martial
assembled to do the bidding of an irascible and vin-
dictive governor, who appeared willing to sacrifice
the lives and property of the English planters that
his o^TL interests in the Indian trade might continue
imdisturbed. Many descendants of members of the
court were to be found among the colonists who con-
tended on the field of battle, one hundred years later,
for the principles laid down by Bacon and Crewe in
1676.*

The career of Colonel James Crewe is of particular
interest because of the provisions of his will relating

* Early in his investigations the author became imbued with the
opinion that Bacon's adherents had been misrepresented from the very-
inception of trouble with the Indians, and had been treated with marked
disfavor and injustice by Sir William Berkeley, producing a dissatis-
faction which remained as an open wound in the body politic long after
Berkeley had been deposed from the office of governor. After a study
of all available documents relating to that period the author's opinion
became a conviction, and he prepared a monograph on Bacon's Rebel-
lion, and, upon its completion, learned that Eggleston had already pub-
lished " Bacon the Patriot," based upon a similar study.

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 37

to Griles Carter and his family. The will of James
Crewe was executed the 23d of July, 1676, and proved
before the Henrico County court the 10th of Decem-
ber, 1677. The name is spelled Crews by the clerk of
the court, except the record of the signature which is
Crewes. The spelling used by Grovernor Berkeley —
Crewe — conforms to that in the Gloucestershire rec-
ords of this family. He appears to have been ^^ Cap-
tain " Crewe from the recorded will, but was desig-
nated as " Colonel '' bv Governor Berkelev.

Colonel James Crewe appointed his cousin Mathew
Crewe of England sole executor. There is an entry
in the Henrico County records stating that adminis-
tration on the estate was granted to Mr. William
Sherwood, attorney for Rowland Place Esquire, who
was attorney for Mathew Crewe gent., son of Francis
Crewe, deceased, brother of Colonel James Crewe;
and to Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Grendon, attor-
ney for Sarah Whittingham, sole daughter of Ed-
ward Crewe, brother to Colonel James Crewe, the
heirs living in England.

The estate of James Crewe, known as Turkey Is-
land, was on the James River between Shirley and
Bremo, the latter the residence of the Cocke family
for two hundred years. Turkey Island received its
name from the large number of wild turkeys found
there by the first party sent up the river from the

38 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

colony at JamestoA^Ti. The estate was sold bv James
Crewe's heirs in 1684 to William Randolph.

By an indenture made the 25th of February,
1684-5, Giles Carter, ^* planter,'' and his wife Hannah
transferred their rights in a parcel of land pertain-
ing to the Turkey Island plantation of Colonel James
Crewe, to "William Randolph. By his mil Colonel
Crewe had transferred the land to Giles Carter dur-
ing his lifetime for ' ' one grain of Indian corn. ' ' The
estate of Colonel James Crewe was settled by the
court held June 1st, 1686, the various legacies to
Giles Carter's family being then approved and paid.

It is not known just when Colonel Crewe arrived
in Virginia. The records show that he was a witness
to a receipt given by Thomas Hallam April 14th,
1656, and recognized in court June 25th, 1656.

It has not been determined just when Giles Carter,
who was associated with Colonel James Crewe, ar-
rived in Virginia. There is a deposition recorded in
Henrico County, Virginia, which states, on behalf of
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Grendon, that he loaned
a rapier to Colonel James Crewe " once when he was
going to England." The date of this visit can not be
determined, but it seems probable from subsequent
incidents and records that Giles Carter and his fam-
ily returned with Crewe and were still at his planta-

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 39

tion when the Indian troubles preceding Bacon's Re-
bellion began.

Giles Carter received grants of land for the ex-
pense of bringing a number of immigrants to Vir-
ginia, but their names, as sho^n in the court records
and grants, are not found in any of the published
lists of persons sailing from ports of England, the
records of which are intact. This fact strengthens
the e"\ddence that Giles Carter and the group affili-
ated with him at the time of Bacon's Rebellion and
afterwards, were from Gloucestershire and sailed
from Bristol as did the first Giles Carter who came
on the Supply. The only records of sailings from
Bristol preserved are those of the Margaret and the
Supply, found with the private papers of John
Smyth of Nibley. Both ships were chartered for
the Berkeley Hundred Colony.

The will of Colonel James Crewe contained,
amongst other provisions, the following: ^^ I give
unto Hannah, wife of Giles Carter, my negro maid
Kate forever and her increase," and in event of the
death of Hannah Carter, the woman Kate was to be-
come the property of Theodrick, son of Giles and
Hannah Carter. Mary and Susan, daughters of Giles
and Hannah Carter, each received under the will
" ten thousand pounds of tobacco," and minor lega-
cies. Many of the old wills make provision for

40 GILES CARTER OF VIEGIXIA

mourning rings and other small gifts for personal
friends. Such generosity as Colonel Crewe bestowed
upon Giles and Hannah Carter and their children
was generally reserved for kinsmen.

There are manv entries in the old records of Yir-
ginia concerning Giles Carter and his descendants,
extracts of which are included to show their early
land holdings and family connections.

In the records of Henrico County, Virginia, is a
list of tythables, in 1679, residing in the old settle-
ments of Bermuda Hundred, Curls and Turkey Is-
land. At the last named place the list includes :

Richard Cocke 5

William Randolph 5

Giles Carter 6

Thomas Cocke 8

William Cocke 2

The record recites :

** An account of the several fortv tythables, or-
dered by this worshipful coin-t to fitt out man and
horse and arms, etc., according to act."

The act referred to required that a man and horse
should be provided for service in the militia by each
forty tythables. The numbers opposite each name
indicated the numbers of persons for whose poll tax
each was responsible.

Giles Carter was appointed by the court August
15th, 1681, as one of the persons to appraise an estate.

DIEECT LIXE OF DESCENT 41

William Cocke, of Henrico County, recorded a
deed of a parcel of land sold February 28tli, 1684, to
Giles Carter, '' said land lying upon Turkey Island
Mill Run and beginning at the upper beaver dam on
said River.''

Giles Carter was appointed by the court, February
1st, 1685, as an appraiser of the estate of John Cly-
burn, deceased.

The records of the court held at Varina for Hen-
rico County, Virginia, June 1st, 1687, contain the fol-
lowing :

'' Upon the petition of Giles Carter, certificate is
granted unto him for eight hundred (800) acres of
land due for ye importacion of these sixteen (16)
persons mider written, being legally proved in court ;
viz:

Jonathan Cocke Cornelius Orts William Wheeler
Philip Marshall John Green Nicholas Limd
Mary Allen Mary Richards John Bengany

John Holmes Moses Mai1;in Thomas Smeethers
EUanor Bushell Jno. Cocks Rachel Lockerson."
Katherine Price

An order of the same coiui: appointed Giles Carter
as an appraiser of and to divide the estate of Will
Himiphrey, deceased.

Amongst the recorded land patents in Virginia is
a grant, dated October 21st, 1687, for 1875 acres iii

42 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

the Parish of Varina, at the White Oak Swamp, on
the north side of the James, to ' ' Mr. Robert Wood-
son, Mr. Richard Ferris, Mr. Giles Carter, William
Ferris and Roger Comins." This patent was issued
in October, 1688, and signed by Francis Lord How-
ard, Baron of Effingham. Roger Comins having
died and William Ferris having failed to pay any
part of the charges accruing, the land was divided
among the three remaining, Giles Garter's share be-
ing 552 acres lying along the main run of White Oak
Swamp. This land was granted for having brought
emigrants to the colony, among them being John
Strong, Jno. Hickson, Geo. Swallow, Moses Reese,
Jno. Worthy, Antho. Gant, Wm. Norris, Dan '11
Waller, Tho. Adcock, Tho. Clark, Ed Davehill and
others, thirty-six in all. By his will, one hundred
years after the granting of this patent, John Carter,
a grandson of Giles, gave a piece of land described as
at the White Oak Swamp to his son and namesake
John Carter, Jr.

The will of Giles Carter, father of Theodrick Car-
ter (First) and of Giles Carter (Second), was exe-
cuted the 14th day of December, 1699, and is recorded
in Henrico County. The witnesses who proved the
will were Thomas Smythes, William T. Sewell and
James D. Davis. The will names his wife Hannah;
son Theodrick; daughter Susanna, wife of Thomas

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 43

Williamson ; daughter Mary, wife of Thomas Davis ;
daughter Ann, mfe of James Davis; son Giles,
Jr., who was under eighteen years of age when
the will was executed. The will was probated Febru-
ary 2d, 1701-2, Hannah Carter being, imder its pro-
visions, sole executrix. After devising a few minor
legacies including a " phillie '' or young mare to his
namesake, Giles, Jr., he directed that upon the lad's
arriving at eighteen years of age he should divide the
estate with his mother, but that she should not be dis-
turbed in her possession of the plantation during her
lifetime.*

A deed was recorded at the court held at Varina
December 10th, 1701, for 550 acres of land sold by

* John Rolfe, when in England with Pocahontas, wrote a letter to
King James concerning the plantations in Virginia which contains the
following :

" At Henrico, on the north side of the river, ninety odd myles from
the mouth thereof, and within fifteen or sixteen miles of the Falls or
head of that river (being our furthest habitation within the land) are
thirty-eight men and boyes, whereof twenty-two are farmers, the rest
officers and others all whom maintayne themselves with food and
apparell. Of this towne one Captain Smaley hath the command in the
absence of Captain James Davis."

The abstract of Virginia land patents shows:

" Thomas Davis planter, son and heir of James Davis, late of Hen-
rico in Virginia, gentleman, deceased, 300 acres in Warwicksqueake
on Warwicksqueake Creek; due 100 acres in right of the said James
Davis, his father, an ancient planter, for the transportation of two
servants into the country, (viz) (jeorge Cooke and Alice Mulleins, who
came in the George in 1617; 100 acres in right of Rachel Davis for her
personal dividend, an ancient planter. Granted by Harvey 6 March,
1633."

44 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

John Cocke, of Oldman's Creek, Charles City
County, to Thomas Williamson, husband of Susanna,
daughter of Giles and Hannah Carter. The land was
described as a parcel sold by Giles Carter, Sr., to
Cocke.

The will of Giles Carter names two sons, Theodrick
Carter (First) and Giles Carter, Jiroior. The rec-
ords of Henrico County, Virginia, show that Theod-
rick Carter (First) transferred March 2d, 1701, to
John Pleasants certain land called the Low Groimds
lying on the north side of James River " on Run of
Turkey Island Creek," for ten thousand pounds of
tobacco. This land was devised to Theodrick Carter
(First) by the will of his father Giles Carter. Theod-
rick Carter (First) bought from John Pleasants, at
the same time, the property known as " Round
Hills,'' on the south side of the Chicahominy Swamp.
This Round Hills land serves later to identify John,
the son of Theodrick Carter (First), to whom it was
willed.*

The will of Theodrick Carter (First), son of Giles
Carter and his wife Hannah, was executed the 22d
day of July, 1736, and probated at a court held at

* John Pleasants was elected to the House of Burgesses 1692-3, and
upon refusing to take the oath, Captain William Randolph was elected
in his stead. When Colonel William Randolph's will was presented for
probate November 16th, 1742, the witnesses proving the document were
William Mayo, John Scruggs and Theodrick Carter.

DIEECT LINE OF DESCENT 45

Varina, the first Monday in April, 1737, being re-
corded in Henrico County. The witnesses to the will
were Thomas Watkins, John Spear and Will W.
Loatham. The will names his wife Elizabeth, who
was made executrix of the estate and survived her
husband about ten years; son Theodrick (Second), to
whom was devised a small plantation of two hundred
and eighteen acres ; son John, to whom was willed the
land on Round Hill branch and Chicahominy Swamp
bought from John Pleasants; daughter Mary. Un-
der the will a few slaves and the usual feather beds,
rugs and other articles considered necessary in colo-
nial households were distributed. His son John re-
ceived his gun and ' ' great chest. ' '

The St. Peter's Parish register records the birth
of another daughter a few weeks after the execution
of the will, and before it was probated, as follows:
" Elizabeth, daughter of Theodrick and Elizabeth
Carter, born August 22d, baptized September 26th,
1736.''

The will of Elizabeth Carter, widow of Theodrick
Carter (First), was executed July 8th, 1747, and pro-
bated before the Henrico court held the first Monday
in December, 1751. The witnesses to the will were
Hannah H. Morgan, Theodrick Carter (Second) and
Mark Clarke. By a comparison with that of her hus-
band, Elizabeth's will shows in addition the names of

46 GILES CARTER OF VIRGIXIA

the daughters, including Mary, who was probably not
married when her father's will was prepared. To
her oldest son Theodrick (Second) was willed the
Great Bible and certain live stock. It is barely pos-
sible this Bible is still in existence, but no trace of it
has yet been discovered. A considerable amount of
live stock was given to each of her children, including
a horse in nearly every instance, and the remaining
estate was then devised to her son John Carter, who
was appointed sole executor. The daughters' names
were Aime, Susannah, Martha, Mary, and Elizabeth.
A legacy, a mare foal or filly, was left by Elizabeth
Carter to her '' grandson Cuthburd Webb," but
whether TVebb was part of his Christian name is not
laio^vn. A family named Webb owned the plantation
adjoining that of Theodrick Caii:er (First).

As the two brothers, Theodrick (Second) and
John, duplicated the names of their sons to such an
extent as to cause confusion, Jolm and his descend-
ants will not be considered until after the direct line
of descent has been carried through to the present
generation represented by General William H. Car-
ter, and this plan is followed with reference to all
collateral branches concerning which any informa-
tion has been secured. A constant procession of
Theodrick Carters occurred in the generation now to
be considered, there being no less than seven so far

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 47

traced, with the records of several families yet undis-
covered. Under these circumstances those bearing
the name in the direct line to General William H.
Carter have been designated Theodrick (First),
Theodrick (Second), Theodrick (Third), and
Theodrick (Fourth).

The will of Theodrick Carter (Second), son of
Theodrick (First) and Elizabeth Carter, was exe-
cuted the 7th day of December, 1777, and was pro-
bated before the court held for Prince Edward
County January 19th, 1778. The witnesses to the
will were Agnes Watkins, William Waddill and
Elizabeth Clarke. The executors named were his son
Waddill Carter and his friends Nathaniel Venable
(a member of the Virginia Assembly 1766-68) and
Francis Watkins, who was Clerk of Prince Edward
County at that time. The will names his wife Anne ;

daughter Susannah, wife of Stubblefield ; son

John; son Theodrick (Third); son William; son

Richard; daughter Anne Waddill, wife of

Thompson ; son Waddill ; daughter MoUey ; daughter
Salley, and son Samuel.

The will devised some of the lands to WaddiU
Carter and the balance, including the home planta-
tion, to Samuel Carter. Susannah Stubblefield and
three of the sons, John, Theodrick and William Car-
ter, received each a nominal legacy, the slaves and

48 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

other property being distributed amongst the other
sons and daughters. The legacies of the unmarried
daughters are of special interest as, in addition to two
slaves and the usual live stock, feather bed and furni-
ture to each, they were given Horses, Saddles and
Bridles, which, more than a century later, was unwit-
tingly adopted as the title of a book of which the
writer is the author and which is the standard text-
book for instruction in those subjects at West Point
and in the regular army.

Although the marriage record has not been found,
corroborative evidence exists to make it quite certain
that the wife of Theodrick Carter (Second) was
Anne Waddill, who, according to St. Peter's Parish
register, was baptized January 24th, 1713. The St.
Peter's Parish register also shows that John Carter,
son of Theodrick (Second) and Anne Carter, was
born August 26th and baptized October 30th, 1737.

There is a record, at Houston, the county seat of
Halifax County, of the sale of a tract of 183y2 acres
of land on Dan River, by Theodrick Carter (Second)
of Prince Edward County, to his son John Carter of
Halifax County, Virginia.

The will of John Carter, son of Theodrick Carter
(Second) and his wife Anne, was executed June 18th,
1781, and probated before the court held for Halifax
County, Virginia, September 20th, 1781. The wit-

DIEECT LINE OF DESCENT 49

nesses to his will were Benjamin Hobson, David
Bates, Noel Waddill, Theodriek Carter (Third), and
Charles Carter, a son of Theodriek (Third) . The ex-
ecutors named were his mfe Mary Carter, Captain
James Turner, William Bovd and John Carter's
brothers Richard and Theodriek Carter (Third).
The will named his wife Mary; daughters Anne
Waddill, Elizabeth, Mary, Judith, Salley; sons
Richard, Theodriek (Fourth), Robert, James and
Francis.

The appearance on the will of John Carter's broth-
ers Richard and Theodriek (Third) as executors
serves, with other evidence, to definitely fix the rela-
tionship of father and son between Theodriek Carter
(Second) and John Carter of Halifax County and to
differentiate that John Carter from a considerable
number in Virginia bearing the same name.

The will devised to his eldest daughter Anne Wad-
dill, who had married a Waddill, a nominal legacy.
To the unmarried daughters were bequeathed slaves
and the usual feather beds and furniture, only one
daughter, Salley, receiving her share in gold. The
three oldest sons, Richard, Theodriek (Fourth) and
Robert, all minors when the will was executed, re-
ceived jointly a plantation containing four hundred
and fifty acres ; James received the home plantation,
his mother to have it, with the slaves necessary to run

50 GILES CARTEE OF YIEGINIA

it " during her widowhood." Francis, the youngest,
received two hundred and ninety acres and provision
was made that in case either James or Francis died
before coming of age the deceased brother's share
should go to the other, and upon the youngest becom-
ing of age all the slaves then on the home plantation,
except those given to the daughters, should be divided.

As pre^'iously stated, the will of John Carter, of
Halifax Coimty, amongst other provisions, devised
to his three sons, Richard, Robert and Theodrick,
f oiu' himdred and fifty acres of land purchased from
George Ridley. The records of Halifax County, Vir-
ginia, show that Robert Carter sold his share of the
land to George Marable.

The court records of Halifax County show that
Robert Carter was married to Unity Cook, by Wil-
liam P. Martin, November 1st, 1792.

The last business transaction recorded bv Robert
Carter, in Halifax Coimty, Virginia, prior to his re-
moval to Tennessee, was the sale of two negroes to
William Ferrell on June 19th, 1801. This closes the
record, in direct line, of the branch of the family
herein traced, in Vii-ginia, as Robert Carter moved
with his family to Tennessee about 1805, there being,
at that time, six children, Sarah Venable, Henry
Cook, John Blackgrove, Robert Michaux, Polly and
Samuel Jefferson Carter, all of whom, according to

sS

/b-

SAMUEL JEFFERSON CARTER

BORN HALIFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA
3 JANUARY, 1803

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 51

the family Bible, were born in Halifax Connty, Vir-
ginia. Another son, Alexander Cunningham Carter,
was born in Tennessee. Two other children, Mary
and N'ancy, did not survive infancy.

There was a considerable migration of Virginians
to the new lands to the west and south, and besides
Robert Carter and his family, his brothers Richard,
James and Francis Watkins Carter, their sister Anne
Waddill and Robert's brother-in-law, Henry Cook,
left Halifax County with their families and went to
seek homes in Tennessee and to the south. Robert
and Francis Carter and Henry Cook settled at
Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Richard
and James Carter and their sister Anne Waddill
went to Alabama, as did their kinsmen John and
Michaux Cunningham.

Robert Carter continued to reside at Franklin,
Tennessee, until his death, September 9th, 1839, in
his 69th year. His will was burned while in the pos-
session of one of his grandchildren, at Nashville, Ten-
nessee. A list of personal property, in his possession
at his death, is recorded at Franklin, Williamson
County, Tennessee.

Samuel Jefferson Carter, son of Robert and Unity
Cook Carter, was born in Halifax County, Virginia,
January 3d, 1803, and died suddenly at Carter's
Landing, West Tennessee, March 31st, 1873, leaving

52 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

no will. He married, as shown by the family Bible,
first Eliza Staggs, and had three children: Watson
M., Jordan B., and Eliza S. Samuel Jefferson Car-
ter married second -Anne Vaulx, and had fourteen
children: Warren, Hays, Watkins Leigh, Charles
Vaulx, Samuel J., Laura 0., Irene M., Samuel Jeffer-
son, William Giles Harding, Anne Catharine, Frank
Cook, Ella Watson, Vaulx, Mary Hays.

Samuel Jefferson Carter resided with his family in
Davidson County, near Xashville, Tennessee, prior to
1861, and in Nashville during the Civil War. At the
time of his death he was residing on his farm in West
Tennessee, near Carter's Landing, on the Mississippi
River.

William Giles Harding Carter, son of Samuel Jef-
ferson and Anne Vaulx Carter, at present the oldest
living representative, in the direct line, bearing the
name of Carter, was born near Nashville, Tennessee,
November 19th, 1851.

William Giles Harding Carter was married, Octo-
ber 27th, 1880, at San Francisco, California, to Ida
Dawley. Two sons have been born of this marriage,
William Vaulx Carter (who was graduated from
West Point in 1904 and appointed a lieutenant in the
Sixth United States Cavalry, his father's old regi-
ment), and Leigh Hays Carter, who, while a student
at the University of Illinois, was accidentally killed

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 53

by an electric shock in one of the University build-
ings, August 27th, 1907.

Of the eleven sons of Samuel Jefferson Carter, the
first eight are deceased without male issue. General
William H. Carter has one son, William Yaulx Car-
ter, and Frank Cook Carter has one son, William
Dawley Carter. These two young men, William
Yaulx Carter and William Dawley Carter, are all of
their generation bearing the name of Carter, in the
direct line traced in this memoir.

By means of the records of Henrico County, Vir-
ginia, the county seat of which is Richmond ; the rec-
ords of Prince Edward County, Virginia, the coimty
seat of which is Farmville; the records of Halifax
County, Virginia, the coimty seat of which is Hous-
ton ; parish registers and family records, the line of
descent is traced from Giles and Hannah Carter ; to
Theodrick (First) and Elizabeth Carter; to Theod-
rick (Second) and Anne Carter; to John and Mary
Carter ; to Robert and Unity Cook Carter ; to Samuel
Jefferson and Anne Vaulx Carter; to General Wil-
liam Giles Harding and Ida Dawley Carter.

The following wills, together with various public
records, have served to establish the direct line of
family descent, from Giles Carter (First), born in
1634, to Robert Carter, born in Halifax County, Vir-

54 GILES CAPiTEK OF VIRGINIA

ginia, December 22d, 1770, wlio died at Franklin,
Williamson Coimty, Tennessee, September 9tli, 1839 :

WILL OF JA3IES CREWE.

July ye 23d, 1676.

In the name of God Amen I James Crews of Turky Island planter
in Henrico County being of sound & perfect memory praysed be God
doe make and ordaine this my last will testatament in manner & forme
following first & principle I committ my soule into the hands of Al-
mighty God my Greater hoping & assured by beleiving through the
merritts death & passion of Jesus Christ my only Saviour and Redeemer
to have & obtaine free and full remission & pardon for all my sins, as
touchinge concerninge all my worldly estate, either here in Virginia in
England or elsewhere dew either by bill bond or accoumpt.

Imprimis. Item I give & bequeath unto Mary Carter daughter to
Giles Carter tenn thousand pounds of tobo: & cask one feather bed two
blanketts & one good rugge, this to be payd in three years after my
decease, the interest hereof to be towards her clothinge.

Item I give unto Susan Carter tenn thousand pounds of tobo: &
casq: one feather bed two blanketts & one rugge to be payd as above
said.

Item. I give unto my man Tero his his freedome he servinge three
years after my decease, and at the expiracon of the said tyme I give
unto him one Cow, one sow if I have any left, and as much land as he
shall tend for him & another during life.

Item. I give unto Hannah Carter wife to Giles Carter my negroe
maid Keate for ever and her increase.

Item. I give unto Daniel Price my best suite & coate I have.

Item. I give unto Giles Carter what he owes me by bill or booke and
further the plantacon which I have formerly lett him that he & his
wife Hannah Carter shall have it during both their lives rent free, only
paying one Graine of Indian Corne when demanded and further it is
my will that what I have given to the said Giles Carter's children, that
if either of them should dye that it should come to the rest of his
children. It is further my will that when the said Hannah Carter wife
to the said Giles Carter shall die, then the said negroe wench returne
to Theodrick Carter her son and if shee hath any children them to be
at her disposing who she will give them too.

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 55

Item. I make my loving Cozen Mr. Mathew Crews my sole executor
of all my lands here in Virginia, or else where & all the rest of my
estate to him or his heirs forever, my just debts being payd.

Item. It is my desire that my loving friend Giles Carter shall live
here in my said house & comand my servants & make crops or any
other thinge as shall be convenient & necessary for the said plantacon,
and soe to give an account yearly as my said Executor shall order.
Test. Ja: Cbewes.

thence A Tho : Forehand
Devenot Enroughty.

Proveed in Henrico County Court to be
the last will & testament of Capt. James
Crews (dece'd) by the witnesses to the
same as by their deposicons taken the
10th of Xber 1677 (in case of mortality)
will appeare & certifyed & entered
amongst the records of the said Court
this 2d day of August 1680.

H. Davis, dep. cler. cur.

WILL OF GILES CARTER.

In the name of God Amen. I Giles Carter Senr: being of a weake and
infirm body yet (Blessed be god) of a sound and perfect memory: And
considering the frailty and incertainty of man's Life and not knowing
the time of my departure hence; I doe make Constitute and appoint
this my last Will and Testam't: hereby Revoaking all other wills by
me heretofore made whatsoever Imprs: I comend my Soul into the
hands of my Blessed Redeemer Jesus Christ Relying only upon his
merits for Salvation. My Body I commit to the Earth to be decently
therein Interred. And for what worldly Goods and possessions God
hath bestowed upon me. It is my will and desire they may be disposed
of in form & manner folowing.

I Give and bequeath to my son Theodrick Carter five shillings Sterl'g
to be paid by my Deare wife Hannah either in Silver or to the full
value thereof as to her shall seeme most convenient. Item I Give to
my Daughter Susanna now ye wife of Thos. Williamson five Shillings
Sterling to be paid as above s'd. Item. I give & bequeath to my
daughter Mary now ye wife of Thomas Davis five Shills. Sterl'g to be
paid as aforesaid. Item. I give to my Daughter Ann now the wife of
James Davis, one fether bed and Bolster, one Rugg, one blanket and

56 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

one Cow. Item. I give to my son Giles one mare called Nanny with her
increase for ever, It being a mare formerly given to him by William
Sewell she then being but a Philly.

These Legacies being paid as also wt debts have or shall be lawfully
by me contracted, being fully satisfied. It is my will and desire that
what of my Estate shall Remaine (one f ether bed and furniture only
excepted) for my wife Hannah (which I give unto her) may be equally
divided into two parts, the one part whereof to belong to my wife Han-
nah the other to my son Giles. It not being my intent or design'd in
any wise hereby to disannull or make voide a deed of Gift formerly by
me made to my son Giles and entred upon Record. But I doe by this
my last will and testament Rattifie and confirm the same. Item. It
is my will and desire that what Estate shall appertaine to my son Giles
that he may receive the same when he shall arrive to ye age of eighteen
years; and also enjoy the benefit of his Labour, my wife Hannah not
being any wise mollested or disturbed upon the plantacon wee now live
upon during her life.

And lastly I make Constitute and appoint my dear and loveing wife
Hannah full and sole Execx: of this my last will & Testament, the
which I own to be my Last; All others being hereby Disannulled and
made voide. As Witness my hand and seals this 14th day of December,
1699.

Giles Carter (Seal of Red Wax.)

Signed sealed and delivered in presence of us:
Thomas Smythes.
William T. Sewell
James D. Davis

Henrico County Febr's ye 2: 1701/2. Proved in open Court by the
oaths of subscribed Witnesses as to be the Last will and testam't of the
subscribed Giles Carter.

Testl James Cocke, CI. Cur.

WILL OF THEODRICK CARTER (FIRST).
In the name of God Amen I, Theodrick Carter of the Parish & County
of Henrico being sick but of perfect Memory do this Twenty Second
day of July one thousand seven hundred thirty six make this my last
Will and Testament, and first and principally I commit my Soul to
Almighty God in whom and by whose Mercy and thro, the Merits of my
Blessed Saviour and redeemer Jesus Christ I trust and Assuredly be-
lieve to be saved, my Body to the earth to be decantly Buryed at the

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 57

discretion of my Executx. hereafter named, and as for Disposing my
estate I give and devise the same in manner and form following. I
give and devise unto my Beloved wife Elizabeth so long as she shall
live sole my plantation Land and Appurtenances and after her Death or
Marriage, I give unto my Son Theodrick Carter and his heirs forever
my said plantation with two hundred and eighteen Acres of Land
thereto belonging I give and devise unto my son John Carter and his
heirs forever one hundred and Twenty acres Land be the same more
or less within the following Bounds, beginning at a corner Beach stand-
ing on Round Hill Branch thence along a line of marked Trees to a
corner Hickory on the Dividing Line between John Spears and this
Land to a Corner Oak on the farther side of the Road thence along the
line of John Webb to a corner Tree on Chickahominy Swamp thence up
the same to ye place began at; my wife is not to be excluded the use of
this Land so long as she shall remain sole, during which time, I give
her my Negro named Will and after that time I give him to my son
Theodrick with a Negro child named Dick. I give unto my son John
and his heirs after the Death or Marriage of his Mother my Negro
woman Judith and a Mullato Girl named Lucy with what children they
may have when he has a right to the possession of them. I give unto
my said Son John one fether Bed Rug and Blanket, one Gun, my great
Chist, one pot and Hooks and two Cows, I give unto my Daughter Mary
Carter one Cow and Calf one fether Bed, Rug and Blankets, two Ews,
one pot and Hooks, two pewter Dishes and two plates and one poringer.
I give unto my beloved wife Elizabeth all the rest of my Estate of what
kind soever and do make her Executrix of this my last Will and Testa-
ment, hereby directing that my Estate shall not be Inventoryed or ap-
praised. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Affixed
my seal the day and year aforewritten.

Theodrick Carter (Seal).

Signed Sealed
published and declared
as his last Will and
Testament in presence of
Thomas Watkins
John Spear
Will W. Loatham

At a Court held at Varina for the County of Henrico, the first Monday
in Ap'l 1737, this Will was presented by Elizabeth Carter the Executrix

58 GILES CAETEE OF YIEGINIA

upon Oath and proved by the Oath of Thomas Watkins & John Spear
two of the Witness thereto and thereupon admitted to record, and on
the Motion of the said Executrix, Certificate is granted her for obtain-
ing a probate thereof in Due form.

Test: Bowler Cocke, CI. Cur.

WILL OF THEODRICK CARTER (SECOND).

In the name of God, Amen: I Theodrick Carter of the Parish of
Saint Patrick and County of Prince Edward being of perfect and sound
mind and memory do make and ordain this to be my last will and testa-
ment in manner following.

First, I give unto my daughter Susannah Stubblefield and sons John,
Theodrick and William Carter each one shilling sterling.

I give and bequeath unto my son Richard Carter one negro man
named Dick, and one feather bed and furniture to him and his heirs
forever.

I give and bequeath my daughter Nanny Waddill Thompson one negro
girl named Fibb now in her possession, also two cows and calves to her
and her heirs forever.

I give and bequeath unto my son Waddill Carter that part of my
lands within the following bounds, to begin at the cross branch at the
road, to run a straight line by the grave yard to his own line, all the
land below this line on the North side of said road, also one negro man
named Tom to him and his heirs forever.

I give and bequeath unto my daughter Molley Carter one negro girl
named Agg and one negro girl named Nanny, also the mare I purchased
of Col. Robert Lawson, her own saddle and bridle, one feather bed and
furniture, four head of sheep and two cows, to her and her heirs forever.

I give and bequeath unto my daughter Salley Carter one negro boy
named Will and one negro boy named Abraham, the sorrel mare I pur-
chased of Charles Williamson, one feather bed and furniture, her own
saddle and bridle, four head of sheep and two cows, to her and her heirs
forever.

I give and bequeath unto my son Samuel Carter the remainder of
the lands and plantation whereon I now live and the following negros,
Moll and her child Neptune, also all and residue of my estate not herein-
before particularly mentioned of what kind or nature soever, except
two-thirds of my pewter and the two negroes named Jack and Sarah,
these two negroes Jack and Sarah I leave to my two daughters Molley

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 59

and Salley for their support till they marry or die and then my son
Samuel, and desire that my executors hereafter named may devide my
pewter into three equal parts and allot to my son Samuel and daughters
Molley and Salley each and equal part thereof, the estate herein willed
to my son Samuel I give to him and his heirs forever, and it is my will
that so long as my daughters Molley and Salley live single that they
have the free use and liberty of their chamber in my dwelling house
without the denial or interruption of my son Samuel.

It is my further will that should my said son Samuel depart this life
without leaving issue, in that case the lands herein willed to him and
every part of my estate bequeathed him, I give and bequeath unto my
said two daughters Molley and Sally to be equally devided between them
by my executors hereafter named unless my said two daughters should
agree on a division themselves, which estate I bequeath to them and
their heirs forever, (should it so happen my son Samuel) It is my
will that all the negroes I'm possessed of be continued on my plantation
the next year to make a crop.

Lastly I do constitute and appoint my son Waddill Carter and friends
Nathaniel Venable and Francis Watkins Executors of this my last will
and testament, hereby revoking and declaring void all other wills by
me heretofore made.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this seventh
day of December in the year of Christ one thousand seven hundred and
seventy-seven.

Theo'd Cabter (Seal).

Signed, sealed, published
and declared by the tes-
tator to be his last will
and testament.
Elizabeth Clarke.

Agnes Watkins
William Waddill

At a Court held for Prince Edward County January 19th, 1778.

This last will and testament of Theodrick Carter deceased was pre-
sented in Court by the Executors therein named and proved by the
oaths of Agnes Watkins and William Waddill witnesses thereto and
ordered to be recorded. On the motion of Waddill Carter, Nathaniel
Venable and Francis Watkins, who gave bond and took the oath re-
quired by law, certificate for obtaining a probate thereof in due form
is granted them.

Teste: F. Watkins, C. C.

60 GILES CARTER OF YIRGIXIA

WILL OF JOHN CARTER.
In the name of God Amen. I John Carter of Halifax County, Being
indisposed in body but of perfect mind and memory, I praise God for
the same, do make, constitute and ordain this, and none other but this,
to be my last will and testament in form and manner following, that is,
I order, will and desire for all my lawful debts to be paid by my Execu-
tors. Item, I lend to my well beloved wife, Mary Carter, during her
widowhood for her use and the bringing up and educating my children
the land and plantation whereon I now live with the use benefit and
labour of the following slaves, Jack, Charles, James, Baker, Tainor,
with my stock of all kinds, whatever household furniture &c. Item. I
give to my daughter Ann Waddill, twenty-five shillings. Item. I give
and bequeath to my daughter Elizabeth Carter, one negro boy named
Sam, also one feather bed and furniture. To her my said daughter and
to her heirs and assigns forever. I give and bequeath to my daughter
Mary Carter, one negro boy named Crafford, also one feather bed and
furniture, to her my said daughter and to her heirs and assigns forever.
Item. I give and bequeath to my daughter Judith Carter one negro girl,
named Hannah, also one feather bed and furniture, To her my said
daughter and to her heirs and assigns forever. Item. I give and be-
queath unto my daughter Salley Carter, seventy-five pounds specia in
gold or silver also a feather bed and furniture. To her my said daugh-
ter and to her heirs forever. Item. I give and bequeath to my three
eldest sons Richard Theodrick and Robert Carter my creek land I pur-
chased of George Ridley containing 450 acres which I desire may be
equally divided between the three brothers, also a good feather bed and
furniture apiece. And in case either of the said three boys should die
before they come of age for the surviving said brothers to inherit the
land of the deceased by equal division, to them my said three sons and
their heirs and assigns forever. Item. I give and bequeath to my son
James Carter the land whereon I now live with a good feather bed and
furniture to him my said son and his heirs forever. Item. I give and
bequeath to my son Francis Carter two hundred and ninety acres of
land lying out on the road adjoining the land of Mr. Hobson also a good
feather bed and furniture to be given to him my said son and to his
heirs and assigns forever. Item, in case either of my two youngest
sons Francis or James Carter should die before they come to the age of
21 years the surviving of the two is to heir the deceased brothers share
of land. My will and desire is that in case either of my daughters that
is Elizabeth, Mary, Judith or Salley Carter should die before they come

DIRECT LINE OF DESCENT 61

of age or marry, that their legacy bequeathed to them shall be equally
divided among the surviving sisters above mentioned. Item. My will
and desire is that at the coming of age of my youngest son that the
above mentioned slaves, Jack, Charles, James, Baker, Tamer with the
future increase, likewise with all the rest residue and remainder of my
personal estate be it of whatever nature kind or quality, should be
equally divided among my beloved wife and children as before men-
tioned and described, my daughter Ann Waddill excepted. And lastly I
appoint, constitute and ordain my beloved wife Mary Carter, Executrx
also Captain James Turner, Mr. William Boyd, with my brothers Rich-
ard and Theo Carter Executors of this my last will and testament, hop-
ing they will see the same duly performed, as my trust is in them re-
posed. Confirming this and none other but this to be my last will and
testament in witness whereof I have hereto set my hand and aflSxed my
seal this 18th day of June 1781.
Signed sealed published and declared to be his
last will and testament. John Cabteb L. S.

Test. Benja. Hobson
David Bates
Chs. Carter
Noel Waddill
Theo Carter

At a Court held for Halifax County the 20th day of September 1781
this last Will and Testament of John Carter deceased was exhibited in
Court by Mary Carter and Richard Carter two of the Executors herein
named and the same was proved by the oaths of two of the subscribing
witnesses hereto and the same was ordered to be recorded. And on the
motion of the said Executors who made oath hereto according to Law
Certificate is granted them for obtaining Probate hereof in due form
they giving securities, whereupon they together with Noell Waddill and
William Watkins their securities entered into and acknowledged Bond
for the same according to law.

Test Geo. Carrington C. H. C.

COLLATERAL LINEAGE.

As has been previously stated, it is a matter of rec-
ord that Giles Carter, the first of that name to come
from Gloucestershire to America, sailed from Bristol,
England, on the Supply and arrived at Berkeley
Hundred, Virginia, January 29th, 1621 (O. S.)? or
February 8th of the current calendar, and that he re-
turned to England.

The next Giles Carter found in Virginia, whose
descendants this memoir concerns, was born in 1634
and at the time of Bacon's Rebellion, 1676, was
living with his wife and children at Turkey Island,
Virginia, and later took up land near the White
Oak Swamp in Henrico County. This county em-
braced the second English settlement in America,
Henricopolis, established by Sir Thomas Dale with
150 settlers in 1611. All that remains of the early
records of the then extensive County of Henrico are
preserved at Richmond, and amongst these were
found the wills of Colonel James Crewe, that of Giles
Carter and those of many of his descendants.

The wills of Giles Carter of Henrico; of his son
Theodrick (First) of Henrico; of his grandson The-
odrick (Second) of Prince Edward, and of his great

COLLATERAL LINEAGE 63

grandson John of Halifax are preserved in the rec-
ords at the several county seats and serve to posi-
tively establish the direct line of descent down to the
fifth generation represented by Robert Carter, who
with his wife, Unity Cook Carter, and their children,
moved from Halifax County, Virginia, to William-
son County, Tennessee, in 1805. Family Bibles and
other records complete the identification of the direct
descendants to the present generation.

The records of collateral branches have not been
completed, but in the search for records of the direct
line numerous wills and documents have been exam-
ined and noted for the use of other descendants who
may wish to trace a particular branch of this family.

The deposition and will of Giles Carter, previously
cited, together with a deed recorded by Theodrick
Carter (First), show that Giles was born in 1634 and
died between December 14th, 1699, and March 2d,
1701.

In 1687, Thomas Cocke conveyed to Stephen Cocke
200 acres of land, ' ' one part of which was part of ye
tract or dividend of land at Malvern Hills," which
included the mill property. In 1701, Stephen Cocke
conveyed 56 acres, on which the mill stood, to John
Pleasants. The witnesses to this deed were James
Cocke, Theodrick Carter (First) and Benj. Hatcher.
This, in connection with the will of Colonel James

64 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

Crewe, and certain land transactions with John
Pleasants previously cited, shows that Theodrick was
of age when his father's will was executed in 1699.
He lived until some time between July, 1736, and
April, 1737, as shown by his own will.*

The will of Giles Carter, Jr., only brother of
Theodrick Carter (First), has not been discovered,
but his father's will showed that he was under eigh-
teen years of age in 1699.

Giles Carter, son of Giles and Hannah Carter, re-
corded a deed, July 27th, 1711, of a parcel of land
which Giles Carter, Sr., purchased from William
Cocke, April 5th, 1685, the land being located in Hen-
rico County, Virginia.

Among the patents to new land recorded in Hen-
rico County, Virginia, in 1724, and 1725, is the fol-
lowing grant to Giles Carter: '' Beginning at a cor-
ner black oak of Mr. James Powell Cockes, standing
on the west side of a small path and in Machames
line parting the said Cocke and John Cocke, thence
to the said James Powell Cockes line south one hun-
dred and sixteen poles to a corner pine, thence west
eighty poles to a corner ash standing on the east side
of Deep Rim, etc."

* " Malvern Hills " probably derived its name from the range of hills
about thirty miles north of Bristol which separates Gloucestershire
from Hereford and Worcestershire, England.

COLLATEEAL LINEAGE 65

The foUowing abstract from the records of Hen-
rico Parish shows that Giles Carter was still living in
1735 in the same locality :

'' In obedience to an order of the Vestry of this
parish, and according to the directions of an act of
Assembly entitled an act for settling the titles and
boimds of land and for preventing imlawfnl shooting
and ranging thereupon; We the subscribers have
gone in procession of the General Lands within our
precinct as by order dated December ye 6, 1735, with
the freeholders, f oUoweth, viz :

Theodrick Carter, his land processioned.
Gerrard Ellyson, '' '' ''

Robert Ferris, " " ''

William Ferris, " "

a

Edward Mosby refuses to procession part of the
land of Thomas Epj^s processioned in the precinct;
the lines between John Cocke and Giles Carter that is
in the county.

" Given mider our hands ve last dav of March,
1736.

Test: JoHx Cocke,
Giles Carter,
Gerrard Ellyson."

6(j GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

Among the detailed reports of the processioning
appears :

'^ The lines between John Cocke and William Pas-
sons both agreed in the presence of Giles Carter and
Thos. Jolley. The line between John Cocke and Jo-
seph Woodson processioned. The line between Cols.
Harrison and William Lewis, and Thomas Watkins
and Thomas Binford and Edward Mosely, proces-
sioned and agreed in presence of James Powel Cocke,
John Cocke, Griles Carter, John Owin."

It was the lawful custom to have the boundaries of
all land patents examined every fourth year by a
commission appointed to '^ procession " the land in
each precinct.

At the next processioning of land, four years later,
pursuant to an order of the vestry, dated July 21st,
1739, John Carter, a son of Theodrick Carter (First),
and nephew of Giles Carter (Second), served as a
member of the board for the precinct and the report
appears in the parish vestry records.

At the processioning of August 4th, 1747, one of
John Carter's sons served mth Samuel Bugg and
Gerrard Ellyson, but in 1755, 1759, 1767 and 1771
John Carter resumed service as one of the proces-
sioners for the precinct which is generally described
as : ^* From the mouth of Boar Swamp to the County
line on Chickahominy Swamp, thence southward to

COLLATEEAL LINEAGE 67

the Long Bridge road or to the forks of Long Bridge
and Bottom Bridge roads."

The land of Theodrick Carter, processioned by
John Cocke, Giles Carter (Second), and Q-errard
Ellyson, shown in their report of ^' je last day of
March, 1736, '^ appears to be the land on the south
side of Chickahominy Swamp, known as the ^* Ronnd
Hills " place, obtained by Theodrick Carter (First)
from John Pleasants through an exchange for land
received by Theodrick (First) from his father, Giles
Carter, Sr. The Round Hills property was left
by Theodrick Carter (First), in his will, to his son
John Carter, brother of Theodrick (Second).

In the Virginia State Archives there is a petition
in regard to the boundary line of Henrico and Han-
over Counties under date of May 23d, 1774, as
follows :

'* To the Honorable the Speaker and Gentlemen of
the House of Burgesses :

" Your petitioners humbly show that they are
deeply interested in the bounds of their lands on the
Chickahominy Swamp. Therefore, we pray that if it
shall be the opinion of this Honorable House, that it
is reasonable that the said boundaries shall be ascer-
tained by commissioners, that such commissioners
may be chosen from Chesterfield, King William or
some distant county, who are in no way in aifinity or

68 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

connected with any of the Proprietors of Lands on
the said swamp, and your petitioners in duty bound
shall pray, etc.

James Cocke. Jacob Ferris. William Carter.

John Pleasants. John Ferris. John Binford.
Thomas Watkins. John Carter. James Eppes."

One of the Carter daughters had married an
Eppes, and the petitioners generally had lived as
neighbors through several generations.

Of the same date as the foregoing petition another
was sent in with practically the same signers as be-
fore, including the Carters, and set forth, that fearing
trouble if any attempt should be made to introduce
new methods of laying off boundaries: '^ That your
petitioners apprehend that good and salutary law
now subsists in this colony for ascertaining the
bounds of every person's land by going round the
same by way of procession once in four years.''

The will of John Carter, son of Theodrick (First)
and brother of Theodrick (Second), executed Decem-
ber 1st, 1785, and probated before Henrico court, in
Richmond Januarv 2d, 1786, names his son Theod-
rick, to whom a nominal legacy is made; son John,
Jr., to whom is willed the land on White Oak Swamp,
on which John, Jr., was then living, containing tw^o
himdred acres ; daughter Frances Walton, to whom a
nominal legacy is provided. A deed, dated April 5th,

COLLATERAL LINEAGE 69

1773, by John Carter, is recorded in Henrico County
in which one negro slave is given to each of his grand-
children John Carter Walton, Marv Walton and
Elizabeth Walton, children of his daughter Frances
Walton of Charlotte County. To his son William
were given all the remaining lands joining that al-
ready owned by William and bounded by other land
deeded to William's brother Jacob; son Sherwood;
son Jacob, to whom was given '' one negro fellow
named Giles,'' which indicated that the old Carter
name of " Giles " was perpetuated amongst the
slaves; granddaughter Betsy Gannaway Carter
(daughter of Jacob and Mary Carter) to whom three
negroes were willed; granddaughter Betsy Carter
(daughter of John and Anne Carter), to whom was
given one negro boy. Four of the sons, John, Wil-
liam, Sherwood and Jacob Carter, were appointed
executors, and were directed to sell two negroes to
pay any debts, the balance of the slaves being distrib-
uted under the will.

The wills of John Carter's sons, John, Jr., and
Sherwood, are recorded in Henrico Coimty. Those
of Theodrick, William and Jacob have not been
found. These five brothers were grandsons of Theod-
rick Carter (First) and his wife Elizabeth.

The will of John Carter, of Henrico County, son of
John and Elizabeth Carter and grandson of Theod-

70 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

rick Carter (First), was executed the 6tli of Decem-
ber, 1799, and probated the 1st of September, 1800.
The witnesses were Theodrick Carter, Wm. Garth-
right and James Binford. The executors were his
brother Jacob Carter and Jacob's son John. The will
mentions his wife Anne, whose will is also of record ;
his daughter Betsy, who married Mr. Eppes; his
daughter Polly P. Carter; his wife's sister Sarah
Carter, the ^^ddow of one of his kinsmen. The will of
Anne Carter appoints John Carter of New Kent
Coimty sole executor. To her grandson, Temple
Eppes, she gave a '' grey horse ; and also fifty dollars
to be expended on him in schooling." To her daugh-
ter Polly P. Carter, she gave '^ my sorrel mare and
colt, one cow and calf, one pair of the largest red
steers, which are unbroak to the yoak, three first
choice pair sheets, one first choice pair white counter-
pins, one pair diamonded yard counterpins, one pair
new flannel blankets, my rideing chair and harness,
all my window curtains, and fifty dollars in cash to
repair the chair." The will of Anne Carter was ex-
ecuted the 7th of April, 1807, the mtnesses being
Jacob Carter, Moses Carter, PoUey Austin and Jacob
Ferris. There is no mention of Moses Carter in any
of the recorded wills. He was probably a son of
Jacob Carter whose will has not been found.

The A^ill of Sherwood Carter of Henrico County,

COLLATERAL LINEAGE 71

son of John and Elizabeth Carter and grandson of
Theodrick Carter (First), was executed the 22d of
Jime, 1797, and probated the 4th of September, 1797.
The witnesses were John Carter, William Fussel and
Thomas Epperson. The executors were his brother
Jacob Carter and his (Sherwood's) son William.
The will mentions his wife Frances, whose will is also
of record; son Joseph; son William; daughter Bet-
sey, who married Mr. Brackett ; son Theodrick ; son
Samuel; son John. The will of Frances, widow of
Sherwood Carter, executed the 20th of October, 1808,
mentions a grandson Robert, son of William Carter,
and a granddaughter Frances Brackett, daughter of
Betsey Brackett.

There is of record a will by Theodrick Carter of
Henrico County, executed the 9th of December, 1809,
which mentions his wife Ann; son Theodrick B.;
daughter Kitty; daughter Nancy. The testator is
believed to have been the son of Sherwood Carter.
This is the only will in the family so far discovered
which makes a special legacy of books; to his son
Theodrick B. Carter he gave, " all my books and all
the silver and plate about my house of all descrip-
tions.''

There is a will of record in Henrico County, ex-
ecuted October 31st, 1796, by Benjamin Carter, and
witnessed by John Carter, Robert Binford and Na-

72 GILES CAETER OF YIRGIXIA

thaniel Maynarcl, in which it is provided that:
'^ whereas my son Theodrick Carter has had his part
of my horses, I desire he mav not share in them;" he
participated in the residue of the estate which was
divided between the four children Theodrick Carter,
Betsy Carter, Nancy Carter and Frankey Carter.

The sons of Giles Carter were Theodrick (First)
and Giles, Jr.; Theodrick (First) had only two sons,
Theodrick (Second) and John, and of all their sons,
named in their wills, there is no mention of a Benja-
min. But Benjamin named his only son Theod-
rick and lived in the same locality from whence
have sprung all the family of Carters perpetuating
that name, and his will was witnessed by a Carter and
a Binford. His generation would correspond to that
following Giles Carter (Second), and it is believed
that Benjamin Carter was one of the sons of Giles
Carter (Second), of whose will no record has yet been
found, and that Giles Carter (Third) was another
son.

The Henrico County, Virginia, records contain
many references to the Carters, particularly the de-
scendants of John Carter, son of Theodrick Carter
(First) and grandson of Giles Carter (First). From
these entries the f ollo^dng extracts were made :

September 28th, 1772, there is a record, subse-
quently acknowledged in court at the April term.

COLLATERAL LINEAGE 73

1773, in ^Yllicll Giles Carter of Henrico County sold
to Drui7^ Wood one negro slave named Aaron and
two horses, " The one a large gray horse with a hang-
ing mane and switch tail, branded on the near buttock
with two dots and on the near shoulder with one dot,"
etc.

April 8th, 1784, there is an entry that : " Giles Car-
ter this day produced in open court a commission
under the hand and seal of his Excellency Benjamin
Harrison, Esq., Governor or Chief Magistrate of the
commonwealth, appointing him an Inspector of to-
bacco at Rocketts warehouse in this County, and
thereupon the oath of office was administered unto
him, who also with Martin Hawkins and John Smith,
his security, entered into and acknowledged their
bond in the penalty of one thousand poimds payable
and conditioned as the law directs/'

The two foregoing records relate to Giles Carter
(Third), of Henrico County.

January 3d, 1785, Jacob Carter appeared in court
as security for Joshua Morris as guardian of the or-
phans of Thomas Watkins, deceased. The same day
James Carter entered a petition against Bernard
Webb.

February 7th, 1785, Jacob Carter was apiDointed
by the court as appraiser of the estate of Benjamin
Garthright.

74 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

December 1st, 1785, John Carter sold to Ms son Ja-
cob a parcel of land ; refers to a parcel intended for
his son John, Jr. ; also refers to William Carter's Mill
Pond, and to main rim of Chickahominy Swamp.

January 2d, 1786, the will of John Carter was
proved by Matthew Hobson and Anselum Grarth-
right; William Carter executor.

September 4th, 1786, indenture between John Car-
ter, Sr., and Jacob Carter recorded.

May 11th, 1787, Sewell Carter brought suit against
Giles Carter ; suit later dismissed.

August 6th, 1788, ordered that Thomas Williamson
pay Griles Carter as witness for attendance in admin-
istrator's settlement of estate.

December 2d, 1788, William Carter entered a peti-
tion at the monthly court.

May 5th, 1789, a suit in chancery before the quar-
terly court between Griles Carter and John Smith
against Nathaniel Miller.

April 4th, 1792, ordered by the court that William
A. Smith pay Giles Carter twenty-five pounds of to-
bacco for one day's attendance at court.

Armistead Carter mentioned several times in rec-
ords of this period.

January 5th, 1795, Jacob Carter appointed Com-
missioner of the Revenue.

February 2d, 1795, Thomas Binford petitioned to

COLLATEEAL LIXEAGE 75

turn the road leading from Bottoms Bridge to Wood-
son's Ferrv. Jacob Carter one of three ordered to
view the proposed route " and make report of the
conveniences and inconveniences of the said intended
road."

August 5th, 1796, Susannah Carter administratrix
of Eobert Carter.

October 2d, 1798, Theodrick Carter, petition
against Benjamin Lewis. Same coiu^t Elizabeth
Carter, widow of Benjamin Carter, recognized as
administratrix.

December 3d, 1798, James Binford executor of
Benjamin Carter's will. Or23hans of Benjamin Car-
ter: Frances, Tilitha and Louisa; guardian of last
two, Frederick Carter.

January 5th, 1801, Theodrick Carter, orphan of
Sherwood Carter, made choice of Jonathan Brackett
as guardian.

September 4th, 1809, Theodrick Carter and his
wife Xancy sold a parcel of land to John B. Pember-
ton; mentions land of Charles Carter's orphans and
corner of Tilletha Carter's land.

September 10th, 1810, Martha Carter recorded
deed of land in favor of her son Samuel S. Carter.

January 2d, 1811, Samuel Carter sold to Byi'd
George 192 acres of land, given to him by his mother,
lying on the south side of T^^hite Oak Swamp.

76 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

June 21st, 1811, Joseph G. Carter sold to Jolni Car-
ter 192 acres lying with that of Byrcl George, AVil-
liam Carter (deceased) and others.

June 22d, 1811, John Carter and his wife Rebecca
sold to Joseph Carter a parcel of land lying near
Garthright's and Pleasants'.

April 14th, 1812, John Carter and his wife Re-
becca sold a tract of land on the stage road between
Richmond and Bottoms Bridge, '^ near the land of
William Carter (deceased), the land being a part left
by Sherwood Carter.'' Witnessed by Dandridge
Carter.

July 30th, 1812, Joseph G. Carter sold 107 acres of
land in Henrico.

October 19th, 1818, Frances Carter sold to Theod-
rick Carter, Jr., 109 acres of land for a nominal
smn; witnesses to the deed John Carter, Sr., and
Joseph Carter. The same day she recorded a similar
deed for 107 acres to John Carter, Jr.; witnesses
to the deed, Theodrick Carter and Joseph Carter.
Under the same date she recorded a deed for 192
acres, boimded by the land of Lindsay, Garthright,
Goode, Childres and Holison, in favor of Samuel
Carter ; witnesses John Carter and Joseph Carter.

November 5th, 1821, letters of administration on
estate of Martha Carter granted to Samuel S. Carter.

The foregoing facts concerning the descendants of

COLLATERAL LINEAGE 77

JokQ, the son of Tlieodrick Carter (First), and of
Giles Carter (Second), the brother of Theodrick Car-
ter (First), were examined into partly for the pur-
pose of determining when the migration of Carters
from Henrico began and to what portion of the fam-
ily it was confined. As a result of this investigation
it appears certain that the Carters of this family re-
maining in Henrico were the descendants of Giles
Carter (Second) and John Carter, the former a
younger brother of Theodrick (First) and the latter
a son of Theodrick (First) . It is necessary to bear in
mind that Giles Carter, who was born in 1634, had
only two sons, Theodrick (First) and Giles, Jr.
Theodrick (First) had only two sons, Theodrick
(Second) and John. Theodrick Carter (Second)
left Henrico and lived, at the date of the execution
of his will, in Prince Edward Coimty.

The will of Elizabeth, widow of Theodrick Carter
(First), which was dated July 8th, 1747, and pro-
bated in December, 1751, appointed her second son,
John, as executor and principal legatee. It is proba-
ble that her elder son, Theodrick (Second), to whom
was devised the family Bible, was no longer residing
in Henrico when the will was executed.

The efforts to definitely determine the date of
movement of Theodrick Carter (Second), and other
members of the familv, from Henrico have been un-

78 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

successful. The Henrico Parish records show that
Rev. David Mossom was engaged to hold services
there at regular intervals until about 1735. He
was regularly in charge of St. Peter's Parish and re-
corded some of the births of Heniico County Carters
in that parish.

St. Peter's Parish, in which the birth of John Car-
ter, son of Theodrick (Second) and Anne Carter,
August 26th, 1737, is recorded, was in New Kent
County, south of the York and Pamunkey rivers.
New Kent County was cut off from the upper part
of York Coimty in 1654. St. Peter's Parish church
was only a few miles from the " White House," and
the minister. Rev. David Mossom, performed the
ceremony when George Washington was married to
Martha Custis. Rev. David Mossom was followed
in St. Peter's Parish by Rev. James Semple, and he
was followed by Rev. Benjamin Blackgrove. A son
of Robert and grandson of John Carter was named
John Blackgrove Carter. The name of Blackgrove
has not been found elsewhere, and John is believed to
have been named after this minister, whose name was
sometimes spelled Blagrove.

The record of the birth of John Carter, eldest son
of Theodrick Carter (Second) and his wife Anne, in
the St. Peter's Parish register, together with the
absence of the records of the births of numerous

COLLATEKAL LINEAGE 79

younger children, indicates that Theodrick moved to
8t. Patrick's Parish, Prince Edward Comity, where
liis w^ill was made, after the birth of his son John.
The rapidity with which new comities were formed
south of the James indicates a widespread migration
during the period under consideration.

St. Patrick's Parish, Prince Edward Coimty,
where Theodrick Carter (Second), father of John
of Halifax, lived when his will was made, was not es-
tablished until June, 1755. In 1755 the parish was
made to conform to the boundaries of Prince Edward
County, which was taken from Amelia Coimty in
1754. Lunenburg County was formed in 1746 from
Brunswick County and is not far distant from Prince
Edward County. Halifax County was formed from
Limenburg Coimty in 1752.

The sons of Theodrick Carter (Second) of Prince
Edward County, were John, Theodrick (Third),
William, Richard, Waddill and Samuel. The wills
of John and Theodrick (Third) are recorded in Hali-
fax County. Certain details concerning Richard's
orphan children, recorded in Halifax Coimty, indi-
cate that he left no will.

It appears from the records of Prince Edward
County wills that Waddill, son of Theodrick Carter
(Second), married Mildred Wade and remained in
the countv imtil his death, as did Samuel, who re-

80 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

ceived the home plantation by the will of his father,
Theodrick Carter (Second). There is no record of
the will of William in Prince Edward County. There
is a record, in the adjoining County of Lunenburg, of
the marriage of one William Carter and Mary Scott
which would correspond to that generation.

The vnR of Waddill Carter is recorded in Prince
Edward County. It was executed April 6th, 1782,
and probated at the following July session of the
coimty court. The witnesses were Ro. Lawson,
John Morton, Tho. Charlton and Abraham Venable.
The executors were his brother Samuel Carter, his
father-in-law James Wade and '^ my good friend
Francis Watkins. ' ' The will mentioned his wife Mil-
dred (Wade) Carter, his sons James, Theodrick and
John, all three under age when the will was executed.
There were two or more young daughters, but their
names were not given.

There are several acts of the general assembly of
Virginia which establish the presence of Samuel Car-
ter in Prince Edward County and vicinity in 1795
and in 1806. The first is an act to establish a town
on the land of Alexander Le Grand, in the Coimty of
Prince Edward, which was passed December 14,
1795:

" Be it enacted by the general assembly; That
twenty-five acres of land, the property of Alexander

COLLATEEAL LINEAGE 81

Le Grand, in the county of Prince Edward, shall, and
tliev are herebv vested in John Purnell, James Mor-
ton, James Allen, Josiah Le Grand, Baker Le Grand,
Samuel Carter, Charles Allen, sen., and Ryland Ran-
dolph, gentlemen, trustees, to be by them, or a ma-
jority of them, laid off into town lots of half an acre
each, with convenient streets, and establish a town,
by the name of Germantown."

Another act of the Virginia assembly, passed Feb-
ruary 1, 1806, appointed commissioners to view the
way for a na^dgable canal from Roanoke to Appo-
matox:

'^ Whereas it is represented to be practicable to
cut a navigable canal from the waters of Roanoke to
the head of Buffalo creek, and to connect the same
by the said creek with the river Appomatox: Be it
therefore enacted, that Creed Taylor, Isaac H. Coles,
Joseph Wyatt, Richard K. Randolph, Samuel Carter,
Charles Scott and William B. Banks, be and thev are
hereby appointed commissioners, the duty of whom,
or any three of them, it shall be, to examine the route
most convenient for such a communication, and re-
port thereupon their opinion, to the next assembly.''

Samuel Carter was a veteran of the Revolution,
having served in the Virginia Line of the Continen-
tals, and lived to a ripe old age. His will was executed
December 17th, 1829, and probated May 18th, 1830.

83 GILES CARTEE OF VIEGINIA

The ^Tltnesses were J. Micliaux, J. ^. Franklin, R.
Booker and James Madison. The executors were
his sons TVilliam M. and Edward A. Carter, and his
son-in-law Doctor John P. Mittauer, whose wife was
Margaret E. Carter.

The will of Theodrick Carter (Third) of Halifax
Coimty, Virginia, son of Theodrick Carter (Second)
of Prince Edward Conntv, was executed Julv IStli,
1805. The executors appointed were his son Alexan-
der Carter, and sons-in-law Richard E. Bennett and
Ma the w Cabaniss. The will mentions his sons
Charles, Samuel, William, Alexander, Xathaniel,
Thomas and Jessee: his daughters Elizabeth, wife

of Richardson ; Ann, wife of Richard Bennett ;

Susannah, wife of Mathew Cabaniss.*

The familv Bible shows two other sons of Theod-

t.

rick Caii:er (Third) : one, To^vnes, born April 28th,
1767, by his first wife, and John, born July 26th, 1783,
by his second wife.

Amongst the old records of Lunenburg County,

* Henri Cabaniss, a Hugiienot refugee who had spent some time in
England, came to Virginia in 1700 and died in 1725. He was married
when he arrived. He had three sons, Mathew, Henri and George.
Mathew married Hannah Clay, daughter of Thomas Clay, and had issue:
Mathew, William, John, George and Charles. Mathew moved to Halifax
County and married Susannah Carter, daughter of Theodrick and
Judith Cunningham Carter. Mathew's brother George married a daugh-
ter of Henry Harrison of Sussex, who was a son of Benjamin Harrison
of Berkeley.

COLLATEEAL LIXEAGE 83

which have escaped destruction, are a few marriage
records, one of which is the marriage bond of Theod-
rick Carter and Molly Eelbank, dated ISTovember
10th, 1763. It is probable that he was the son of John
and Elizabeth Carter of Henrico, but he might have
been their grandson. It is certain that he was not the
son of Theodrick Carter (Second) of Prince Edward
County of the same generation, for his son Theodrick
(Third) married, first, Miss Townes, and, second, Ju-
dith Cunningham, and lived in Halifax County,
where his will is recorded, and where numerous de-
scendants have continued to the present generation.

While quite incomplete the foregoing data may be
useful in identifying some of the families descended
from Giles and Hannah Carter which became gradu-
ally dispersed to numerous Virginia counties and
thence, at an early period, to the new states from Vir-
ginia to the Gulf and westward to the Rio Grande.

THE BERKELEY HUNDRED COLONY.

During the month of September, 1620, two ships
were fitted out in English ports, under charters to
convey colonists to the extensive domain then con-
trolled by the Virginia Company. The first to get
under way was the Mayflower, which hoisted anchor
in Plymouth harbor and went to sea in a fair-sized
gale on September 6th, 1620. It was designed by the
comicil of the Virginia Company to have the Puritan
colonists land in the vicinity of the Delaware Capes,
but through intrigue or miscalculation of the master,
the Mayflower, after a tempestuous voyage, first
sighted land at Cape Cod and eventually dropped
anchor in a bay previously visited and named by
John Smith — '^ Plvmouth."

Whether it was by accident or design that the little
band of Puritans disembarked on the bleak coast of
New England, none can now view the incident as
other than the work of Providence. The fierce gales
of the Atlantic had told hea^dly upon the strength
and vitality of all on board the ship, and before shel-
ter could be prepared and the needful stores brought
ashore, the grim harvester had sadly depleted the

THE BEEKELEY HUNDRED COLONY 85

ranks of the iron-liearted men and women engaged in
establishing the initial plant of a civilization ^dos-
sessed of an intense individualitv which will charac-
terize it through all history.

Twelve days after the sailing of the Ma^^ower,
Thomas Parker, Mayor of Bristol, England, cleared
the shijD Supply, destined for Berkeley Himdred on
the James River. The gale which had carried the
Mavflower well to sea before its first tack had now
died away and the Supply was destined to linger in
the Avon and Severn from the 18th of September
until the 25th awaiting a favorable breeze. The voy-
age of the Ma^^ower across the Atlantic ^vill go down
the ages to t}^ify the flight of a band of men and
women who dared all for conscience' sake and won.
The Supply sailed under different auspices, more
akin to those which have since characterized the pas-
sage of untold fleets, conveying millions upon millions
to America, the land of hope and opportunity.

Captain Newport's historic fleet had dropped an-
chor off Jamestown Island a dozen vears before the
sailing of the Supply, yet all the effoi^ts of the Vir-
ginia Comj)any had resulted in locating only a few
hundred colonists in the inmiense area then passing
under the title of Virginia. But the seed had been
planted and, cost what it might, there was determina-
tion that not a foot should be receded to the grasj^ing

86 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

Spanish gold seekers hovering about the coasts, and
whose daring explorers had already penetrated from
the land of the Aztec to New Mexico, Colorado and
the Great Plains, and had learned that the western
ocean lay several thousand miles from the Virginia
coast.

In 1618 a partnership, having for its object the
establishment of a plantation in Virginia, had been
entered into bv Sir William Throckmorton, Eichard

«

Berkeley, George Thorpe and John SmAi;h, all of
Gloucestershire, and John Woodleef e. Upon the ad-
vice of Sir Edwin Sands an interest was reserved for
Sir John Yeardley, then serving in Virginia as gov-
ernor of the colony, but this was subsequently sur-
rendered by Yeardley.

During the following year, 1619, a ship, the Mar-
garet of Bristol (forty-seven tons), was sent out with
thirty-two colonists under John Woodleefe, with in-
structions to establish the town of Berkelev and the
plantation of Berkeley Hundred on the James River.
John Woodleefe sailed on the Margaret September
4th, 1619, in charge of the expedition, and arrived in
the James December 10th of the same year. George
Thorpe followed on the Merchant of London during
March, 1620.

Ferdinando Yate, Gent., who came over in the Mar-
garet, was commissioned to keep a record of the voy-

THE BEEKELEY HUNDEED COLONY 87

age, which he prepared under date of Noyember
30th, 1619, and which closes with this gloAving trib-
ute : ^ * If I had the eloquence of Cesero or the skillful
art of Apellese I could not pen neither paint out a
better praise of the cuntrie than the cuntrie it selfe
deserveth."

At the session of the court of the Virginia Com-
pany, of January 26th, 1619, an indenture was
granted to William Tracy, Esq., of Hayles, Glouces-
tershire, a brother of Sir Thomas Tracy, baronet, for
the establishment of a colony of five hundred persons
in Virginia, and on May 7th, 1620, Sir William
Throclanorton transferred his interest in the planta-
tion of Berkeley Hundred to Tracy.

At a subsequent session of the court of the Vir-
ginia Company, on June 28th, 1620, and upon the
recommendation of Governor George Yeardley as to
the need of a council, George Thorpe and William
Tracy were, with four others, constituted the Council
of State of Virginia.

William Tracy was a cousin of Richard Berkeley.
John Smjrth was an Oxford graduate and the legal
adviser of his friend Lord Berkeley, and both he and
Sir William Throclanorton were connected with
Tracy by family ties.

There are but few details known of the voyages of
the many ships which sailed across the Atlantic dur-

88 GILES CAETER OF YIEGIXIA

ing the first half eentiirv of settlement — if all the
frail hoats of thirty tons and upwards may be prop-
erly characterized as ships. Owing to the partner-
ship agreements and the correspondence attending
the assembling of the colonists from Gloucestershire
who comprised the small company on the Snpply, and
who constituted the advance guard of the five hun-
dred persons whom "William Tracy undertook to em-
bark in his scheme of colonization, certain records
were preserved which enable a fairly correct under-
standing to l)e had of this expedition.

The Mayor of Bristol, in clearing the Suj^ply, re-
tained a list of those embarking, and, upon arrival of
the ship in the James, Sir George Yeardley furnished
a certificate with the names of those who arrived
safelv at Berkelev Hundred. An examination of
correspondence and available county records makes
it very evident that William Tracy organized the first
detar-hment of his five hundred colonists mainly from
his kinsmen and neighbors in Gloucestershire. AVil-
liani Tracy was descended from Sir William de
Tracy, one of the foiu* knights, who, in 1170, at the
instigation of King Henry II, assassinated Thomas
a Becket, Archbishop of Canterbviry. The family
connection, esi)ecially in Gloucestershire, was very
large.

THE BEKKELEY HUXDKED COLOXY 89

Under date of July 5tli, 1620, Tracy ^^^?ote to
Sm}i:li :

'' My household wiU be wife, dauter & Suae, -i
Mayd servants & 6 men : so then for ye rest as mani or
as few as yo will. Mr. Palet & Mr Grilf ort must be
two more of my compani, so I shall be 16 persons at
lest. My meaning is alL these shall be imployed in ye
common bisness."

A postscript was added :

'' I would cari 10 or 12 dogs yt would be of great
youse to us — let me know if they will let us cari
them.''

Delay in the date of sailing caused Tracy to grow
imjpatient and in his next letter to Sm>i;h he wrute :
'' You have Xibli, he (Richard Berkeley) has Stoke,
I have nothing but Virginia and it am I held from to
live in shame and disgrace in England.'' The out-
look for yoimger sons was never more gloomy in
England than during the period covered by the early
emigration to the Colony of Virginia. The list of
Berkeley colonists comprised many men whose social
station was attested bv the addition of '' Gentleman "
to their names and who engaged to remain for periods
of from two to seven vears in the colon v. The word
servant of the Virginia Company, so often used, did
not imply that the person referred to was a menial.

90 GILES CARTER OF VIRGIXIA

The Supply (eighty tons), Captain Tobias Fel-
gate, ^yas chartered from William Ewins of Bristol,
England, and was fitted out at that city for the voy-
age to Vii'ginia. Owing to its restricted accoromoda-
tions, and the well-known results of overcrowding
such ships on long voyages at that time, a nmnber
who had ^jrepared to sail were left behind to follow
on the next ship. The fitting out of the Supply em-
barrassed Tracy financially, but his kinsmen came
promptly to his relief. The remarkable health rec-
ord on the voyage was almost wholly due to his wise
forethought and able preparation.

With the colonists went books on English hus-
bandry and the care of silk worms ; a great quantity
of garden seeds and '' a reasonable quantity of the
seeds of cotton wool.'' Mr. Smyth sent from his own
nurseries '' a great munber of yonge stocks and of
apple trees grafted mth pippens, pearmaynes and
other the best apples, which he hopeth for his own
humor and afieccon sake therein you will have some-
what the more care of, as also of the bagg of abricots,
damosell and other plum stones he now sendeth. ' '

It should be remarked that thus early in the colony
was recognized the necessity for diversified farming,
for in the indentiu'e granted to William Tracy and
his associates is a covenant: '' That they and all per-
sons by them transported for their particular plan-

THE BERKELEY HUNDRED COLONY 91

tacon, shall apply themselves and theii^ labor in a
large and competent manner to the plantinge, sow-
inge, setting, making, working and procui^inge of
good and staple commodities, in and upon the lands
granted imto them, as namely, corne, wine, oyle, silk
gras, hempe, flax, pitch and tarre, sope ashes and
potashes, iron, clapboards and other materials, and
the like, and not wholly or chiefly upon tobacco.'^

It does not require a vivid imagination to trace
much of Virginia history from these apparently
simple preparations and the bit of warning contained
in the covenant forbidding the exclusive cultivation
of tobacco. The introduction of the pippen has been
a soui'ce of health and profit to Virginians for three
centuries and has elevated ' ' Albemarle ' ' from a
merely local county to a section famous the world
over for its apples. The cotton seed needed the long
summer for matuiity and was carried to the south by
the gradual overflow of settlers from Virginia. To-
bacco, being at an early date established as a cash
crop and in fact as the only currency of the colony
available for exchange with England, proved the lui-e
which slowly sapped the life of a naturally rich soil,
and in the course of years turned promising planta-
tions into ^' old i)ine fields," many of which have not
yet regained the fertility so ruthlessly drained in the
mad rush for immediate profit from the colonies.

92 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

Under tlie Virginia Company it was the custom for
the governor of the colony to give a ce]*tificate to each
shijD on arrival, setting forth the list of passengers
and such other mention as circumstances seemed to
merit. Nearly all of these certificates have disap-
peared, but the one concerning the arrival of the Sup-
l^ly on this voyage, signed by Governor George
Yeardley, is still preserved. The following is a copy
of the certificate which contains also the signature of
John Pory, the secretary of the colony :

'' These are to certifie the Right hononorable,
Right WorshijDfull and others of the Counsell and
company for this First Southern Colony of Virginia,
that there arrived at Barklay in the same country,
for the account of the Society and the plantation of
the said Hundred, upon the 29th of January, 1620/1
(O. S.), these fifty persons, under written visit : —

^ ' William Tracy, Esq. ; Mary Tracy his wife ;
Thomas Tracy their Sonne ; Joyce Tracy their daugh-
ter; Frances Grevell; Elizabeth Webbe; Alice Hes-
kins ; Isabell Gifford ; Arnold Oldsworth, Esq. ; Rob-
ert Pawlett, divine; Thomas Kemys, gent; John
Holmden, gent; Richard Ferriby; George Keene,
gent; Mcholas Combe, gent; William Finche, Mar-
garet his mfe and Frances their daughter; John
Gibbes ; Robert Baker ; John Howlett the elder ; John
and William Howlett, his sonnes; Walter Prosser;

THE BERKELEY HUNDRED COLONY 93

Giles Garter; George Hall; John Bailey; Thomas
Baugh; Gabriel Holland; Richard Holland; Giles
Wilkins ; Giles Broadway ; Richard Dalton ; Richard
Milton; Joane Coopy; Antony Coopy and Elizabeth
Coopy ; Philip Strange ; John Page and Francys, his
wife; John Linzey; Roger Linzey; James Jelfe;
Richard Rolles, Jane his wife and Benedict Rolles
their sonne; Alexander Broadway; Arthur Kemys,
gent.

(Signed) Geoege Yeardley,

Jo: Pory, Sect/'

The certificate of Thomas Parker, Mayor of Bris-
tol, gives the names of fifty-eight passengers on the
Supply when cleared. There is extant some corre-
spondence between William Tracy and John Smyth
of Nibley concerning certain persons left behind on
accoimt of the crowded condition of the ship.
Whether any of these were put ashore during the
week the Supply lay in the Severn awaiting favor-
able weather is not known. If none were put ashore
after the ship was cleared the loss on the voyage
amounted to eight souls, a not imconmion percentage
in the vessels of that period.

The Town and Hundred of Berkeley on James
River — the present landing for this ancient planta-
tion is known as Harrison's Landing — had been pre-
viously imder the management of Captain Woodleff e,

7

94 GILES CARTEE OF YIEGINIA

but the Supply brought the revocation of his appoint-
ment and the new comnnssions of William Tracv and
George Thorpe to be governors of Berkeley ToTvai
and Hundred. Tracy also brought a letter of instruc-
tion and advice concerning Virginia affairs from
Richard Berkeley and John Smyth.

An agreement was entered into by Berkeley,
Thorpe, Tracy, and Smyth, dated August 27th, 1620,
to the end that whenever Richard Berkelev and John
Smyth in England should disagree as to matters
touching the colony in Virginia, questions at issue
should be submitted to Sir William Throckmorton,
knight and baronet ; Sir Thomas Roe, knight, and Sir
Thomas Tracy, krdght, brother of William Tracy,
whose decision should prevail, without further argu-
ment, in order that the colonists should not suffer
from the delay incident to slow and uncertain com-
munication.

Soon after the arrival of the Supply a census was
taken of all the colonists living in Virginia, and the
rejDort of March, 1621, showed that only 843 survived.
The preceding twelve months had been specially dis-
astrous to the newly arrived colonists located beside
the fever infested swamps of the James.

From such evidence as now exists it appears that
Tracy employed his adherents in selecting suitable
locations for those to follow from Gloucestershire

THE BERKELEY HUNDRED COLONY 95

aud tliat during the year many of them took up loca-
tions in the neighboring country under his control.
Tracy gave every evidence to his followers that he
had come to cast his fortunes with the new country
for his wife, a son Thomas and daughter Joyce, and
one of her young kinswomen accompanied him. Not
many months after their arrival, his daughter mar-
ried Captain Nathaniel Powel, a member of the coun-
cil in 1621 and for a time governor of the colony, and
her yoimg kinswoman, Frances Grevell, married Be
la Warr. The plantations of Lady De la Warr ad-
joined the lands selected for the establishment of
Berkeley Himdred. The colonists had encoimtered
hardships of exceptional character, but had main-
tained a determination to establish themselves per-
manently. The fever infested sites were being grad-
ually recognized; clearings were made, a variety of
crops planted, and in fact everything was being un-
dertaken which previous experience had suggested
as necessary to make the colony self-supporting, if
not profitable.

The death of Tracy proved the first blow, soon fol-
low^ed by the appearance of a small cloud destined, as
" The Indian Question,'' not only to terminate
Tracy's dreams of a large Gloucestershire colony, but
to come down through two and a half centuries to test
the courage, ability and fair-mindedness of the

96 GILES CABTER OF VIKGIXIA

American people. All unknown to the colonists
along the James and the estuaries of the Chesapeake,
a conspiracy was being formed, having for its object
the wresting of theii' coinitiy from the English in-
vaders and its restoration to its aboriginal owners.
On April 1st, 1622, the Indians thi'oughout the tide
water region fell upon the scattered settlers, and
those who had come with Tracy, as the advance guard
of his colonizing scheme, suffered grievously. Of the
hfty who arrived on the Supply more than half fell
by the hand of treachery. The massacre fell without
discrimination on all the scattered groups, but upon
none more heavily than those from Gloucestershire,
and included George Thorpe, Tracy's daughter Joyce
and her husband. Captain jSTathaniel Powel. There
was mourning in Gloucestershii^e, from Stow-on-the-
wold to Bristol, for with the directing energy de-
parted, the survivors of the ill-fated expedition were
left to battle unaided in the wilderness of Virginia.
Several gentlemen of the party, including Tracy's
son Thomas, made their way back to England,
Thomas Kemys remaining in charge of Berkeley
Hundred. It was not long before the stream of im-
migration again flowed towards the weakened settle-
ments and started them on the upward turn. From a
struggling infant, Virginia gradually became self-
supporting and then imperceptibly but surely passed

THE BEEKELEY HUNDRED COLONY 97

into the column of colonies whose trade had become
profitable to the mother country.

Others came to take the places of Tracy and his
kinsmen and to reap the profits of their well-planned
schemes. The Indian had cast the die and lost, for
though the general massacre throughout the colony
had been admirably planned, it had failed of its pur-
pose and resulted only in planting in the hearts of
those colonists who escaped, a desire for revenge and
for an assurance of future peace. This was only to
be obtained by the extinction of the aboriginal Vir-
ginian and the gradual substitution by emigration of
a race become distinguished for its chivalrous gal-
lantry, generous hospitality and inestimable services
in carrying the torch of civilization far to the west
and south, and in maintaining through three cen-
turies the high ideals of government upon which
other commonwealths have builded with a sense of
absolute confidence and security.

THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE COLOXISTS.

The thirty-five colonists who sailed from Bristol,
England, in 1619, on the Margaret, Captain Tobias
Felgate, and the fiftv-eight who sailed from Bristol
in 1620. on the Supply, Captain Tobias Felgate, were
sent as the advance g^iard to establish the town of
Berkeley and lay out the plantations of Berkeley
Hundred, for the colony of five hundred to be for-
warded from time to time as vessels could be pro-
cured.

The original partners in the venture were Richard
Berkelev, Sir William Throckmorton. John Smvth,
M. P. for Midhurst, George Thorpe and a London
tradesman named John Woodleefe. Throckmorton
transferred his share to William Tracv, to whom the

*

Virginia Company had given authority to colonize
five hundred persons in Virginia.

From records now available, the family connec-
tions of the partners and of some of those sailing on
the Supply is disclosed. Berkeley was a cousin and
Throckmorton a kinsman of Tracy, whose mother
was Anne Tlirockmorton. Samuel Tracy, a cousin of
William Tracy, had married Catherine, daughter of

THE GLOUCESTERSHIEE COLONISTS 99

Thomas Smyth, and Barbara Tracy, a daughter of
Sir Paul and niece of Samuel Tracv, married Rich-
ard Smyth.

At the date of early Virginia colonization the
Tracy family was prominent in Grloucester shire. The
Visitation of 1623 shows, in the generation under con-
sideration, a Thomas and a William in each of the
branches of the familv, the Tracvs of Stanwave and
the Tracys of Tudington. Sir Paul Tracy was at the
head of the Stanwave branch.

John Smyth recorded an agreement of the partners
in which reference is made to William Tracy as the
brother of Sir Thomas Tracy. Histories of the colo-
nial period refer to William Tracy as the son of Sir
John Tracy. Sir John Tracy of the Tudington
branch had three sons, Thomas, John and William.
William Tracy, who organized the expedition which
sailed on the Supply, was the son of Sir John Tracy
and his vAf^ Anne Throckmorton.

On the eve of sailing, William Tracy was embar-
rassed with the unusual expense arising from delay
and among those who hastened to his relief were his
cousins, Timothy Yate and John Bridges. One of
the Yate family was the husband of Margaret Berke-
ley, granddaughter of Sir Robert Berkeley, knight,
a brother of Thomas Lord Berkeley. Henry Tracy,
grandfather of William Tracy, married Elizabeth

100 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

Bridges. A daughter of Edmund Crewe married
John Bridges, and another descendant, Richard
Crewe, married later, in 1658, Eleanor, daughter of
William Laurance of Sherdington, Grloucestershire,
which will be referred to in another connection later.

The court records show that on the 7th October,
1620, Richard Yate married Bridget Carter. The
wife of William Carter, son of John of Lower Swell,
was named Bridget, and it was probably her daugh-
ter. Tate was a kinsman of both Tracv and Berkeley.

Much evidence exists to show that the party which
sailed on the Supply was made up from G-loucester-
shire families, many of which were akin, or connected
by marriage. Amongst the items entered in the ac-
counts incident to outfitting the ship Supply is one
for transporting twenty persons who went ^ith
Tracy from Hayles to Bristol.

Among the post mortem inquisitions of Gloucester-
shire is one relating to the property of John Carter
who, at his death, ^^ was seized as of fee of the manor
of Lower Swell, late parcel of the possessions of the
Bishop of London, and sometime belonging to the
dissolved monastery of Hayles ; * ^ * all the tithes
of the premises which lately belonged to the dissolved
Monastery of Havles. ' ' An examination of the docu-
ment in its relation to family connections shows that

«■'

Giles Carter, the son and heir of John Carter, mar-

THE CtLOUCESTERSHIEE COLONISTS 101

ried Elizabeth, daughter of Paul Tracy, Esq., who
appears later as Sir Paul Tracy of Stanwaye, having
been created a baronet in 1611. Paul was a first
cousin of Thomas, John and William Tracy of
Tudington.

John Carter was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire,
10 January, 1612. At the time of the organization of
the expedition by William Tracy, John Carter re-
sided at the manor of Lower Swell, being also in pos-
session of Cold Aston, Shipton, Charleton Abbotts
and other estates in Overhampen, Compton and
Badgworth.

The ^viR of Gyles Carter of Badgworth, Glouces-
tershire, dated in 1585, appears amongst those in the
Prerogative Court Canterbury wills (47 Brudenell).
As John Carter died possessed of property in Badg-
worth and named his eldest son Gyles, it is believed
that Gyles of Badg^^'orth was his father, but the ^vill
of Gyles has not yet been examined to determine this.
Some of the Badgworth estates, together with Cold
Aston and the demesne lands pertaining thereto,
were deeded by John Carter to Elizabeth Tracy, wife
of his son Giles Carter, as part of her dower during
her life.

John Carter married Mary, daughter of Robert
Laurance of Shipton, and had issue : Giles m. Eliza-
beth Tracy; John, Jr., m. Anna Partridge; William

102 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

111. Bridget ; Anne ni. Griles Broadway;

Eleanor m. Humphrey Colles ; Mar}^ m. John More.

The county records show that Giles Carter, Esq.,
son and heir of John, was the head of the family,
after the death of his father in 1627. During the
" Great Rebellion '' Giles Carter was sequestered
and compounded for £968 17s. A handsome monu-
ment was erected to the memory of Giles Carter in
the parish church of Cold Aston. In the parish
church of Longney on the banks of the Severn, there
is also a tablet containing an inscription in memory
of the family of Giles and Elizabeth Carter.

In the old parish church of Seavenhampton, which
was built prior to 1447: '^ There are divers inscrip-
tions in the bodv of the church, for the f amilv of Car-

ft/ / ft/

ters of Charleton Abbotts.''

Among those who accompanied Tracy to Virginia
on the Supply appear the names of Giles Carter and
Giles Broadway. The Visitation of Gloucestershire,
1623, shows the marriage of Giles Carter and Eliza-
beth Tracy, daughter of Paul Tracy; that of Giles
Broadway and Anne Carter, a sister of Giles Carter ;
and the existence of Alexander Broadway, who was
also named among those with Tracy. Giles and Anne
Carter Broadway had a son named Giles Broadway.
As Giles Broadway, Sr., died in England 14th
March, 1657, it was probably his son Giles who went

THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE COLONISTS 103

to Virginia on the Supply, and was killed by the
Indians.

Among the names of Tracy's party are Arthur and
Thomas Kemys, Gent. The Visitation of Gloucester-
shire, 1623, shows both of these names. One of Wil-
liam Tracy's ancestors married Margery Paunce-
f orte and Arthur Kemvs married Anne Pauncef orte,
a niece of Margery.

In the inquisition taken at Cirencester, in relation
to property left by William Crewe, Gent., who died
at Aldersleighe 3d October 12 Charles (1635), the
names of Thomas Gibbs and Edmund Ferribie are
found among the jurors ; two members of Tracy's ex-
pedition bore these family names. Among other
neighboring families were Oldsworth and Strange,
both of which were represented in the list of colonists
with Tracy on the Supply.

John Sm}i:h of Nibley preserved a list of colonists
on the Supply who escaped the massacre and of those
who returned to England, among the latter being
Giles Carter and William Tracy's young son Thomas.

It has been shown that John Bridges, William
Tracy's cousin, married a daughter of Edmund
Crewe, and that a descendant of this marriage, Rich-
ard Bridges, married, in 1658, Eleanor Laurance,
daughter of William Laurance of Sherdington,
Gloucestershire. William Laurance was the son of

104 GILES CAETER OF VIRGINIA

Robert Lauranee of Sliipton and Eleanor Stratford,
his second wife. Marv Lauranee, wife of John Car-
ter of Lower Swell and mother of Giles Carter, who
married Elizal3eth Tracy, was a daughter of Robert
Lauranee by his first wife, and therefore a half sister
to William Lauranee, who is mentioned with his
brother Robert in the inquisition on John Carter's
estate.

The Crewe family was widely dispersed in Glouces-
tershire and that they were closely connected with the
Carter family appears quite certain from various
records. The will of Francis Crewe, brother of Col-
onel James Crewe of Virginia, and father of Mathew
Crewe, is filed at Bristol under date of 1673. Mathew
Crewe was appointed by Colonel James Crewe as his
administrator. The parish registers show that
Mathew Crewe, of Wooten-under-Edge, married
Esther Trotman of Cam 30 December, 1672. The
Trotmans of Cam descended from a marriage be-
tween ISTicholas Trotman, who died in 1577, and Cecill
Carter, daughter of Giles Carter.

It is shown elsewhere in this memoir that when
Colonel James Crewe was tried by court-martial at
Green Spring and sentenced to be himg for partici-
pation in Bacon's Rebellion, he made generous be-
quests to Giles and Hannah Carter and their children,
then living at Turkey Island, Virginia, and asked

THE GLOUCESTERSHIEE COLONISTS 105

that his loving friend Giles Carter command his ser-
vants and live in his house, the executor appointed by
Crewe, his cousin Matthew Crewe, being then in Eng-
land. Tobacco was the currency of the colony and
the generous bequests of Colonel James Crewe to
Giles Carter and his family, including 10,000 pounds
of tobacco to each of Giles Carter's daughters, would
hardly have been made except to kinsmen.

It has not been discovered who were the parents of
Giles Carter who was born in 1634 and was with
Colonel James Crewe in Virginia just prior to his
trial by court-martial. None of the lists of passen-
gers, except that of the Supply, 1620-21, contains the
name of Giles Carter, nor does it appear on any of
the fragmentary census records published, of those
living in Virginia during the early colonial period.
The only known record of his birth is a sworn state-
ment, in court, of his age, showing the date of his
birth as 1634.

A general examination of the Gloucestershire,
England, records leads to the conclusion that many
of the inhabitants emigrated to America, as a result
of the long civil wars, and it was from the Gloucester-
shire contingent in Virginia that Bacon drew many
of his supporters in the so-called Bacon's Rebellion.

Laurance, a graduate of Oxford, who had been de-
prived of his Virginia property under flimsy pre-

106 GILES CARTEE OF VIRGINIA

tence of law by Governor Berkeley, was one of those
marked for the gallows, but he escai)ed and plunged
into the forests with several companions and re-
turned no more to the settlements. The Virginia rec-
ords do not show the English parentage of Laurance.
The wife of John Carter of Lower Swell, Gloucester-
shire, was named Mary Laurance ; they were the par-
ents of Gyles Carter who married Elizabeth Tracy.
There w^ere many members of the Laurance family in
Gloucestershire at that period.

The name Giles, or as sometimes spelled Gyles,
Carter appears in no other branch of the Carter fam-
ily in England or Virginia, which has come under the
observation of the writer, except those from Glouces-
tershire. The English records prior to 1550 are very
meager, but since that time down to about 1800 the
name of Giles appears constantly in this family of
Carters in England and Virginia. The names of
John and William, habitually used in the Gloucester-
shire families, have for three centuries been perpetu-
ated in America in the families descended from Giles
and Hannah Carter.

It appears quite certain that Giles Carter, born in
1634, whose will was executed in 1699 in Virginia,
was descended from the Gloucestershire branch of
Carters, and that possibly the record of his birth
and parentage may yet be discovered. The family

THE GLOUCESTERSHIEE COLOXISTS 107

connection of Tracys, Carters and Crewes of Glou-
cestershire, and perpetuation of the Christian name
of Giles, John and William, all tend to prove circum-
stantially that of which direct evidence is still
lacking.

GENEALOGY.

The Dieect Line.

Giles ' Carter, born 1634; died 1699-1700; m. Han-
nah ; had issue ; second generation :

I. Theodrick ^ (First) ; m. Elizabeth .

II. Susannah " ; m. Thomas Williamson.

III. Mary ^ ; m. Thomas Davis.

IV. Ann ^ ; m. James Davis.
V. Giles ^

Theodrick ^ Carter (First), son of Giles ' and Han-
nah Carter; born before 1676; died 1737; m. Eliza-
beth ; had issue ; third generation :

I. Theodrick^ (Second) ; m. Anne Waddill.
II. John ^ ; m. Elizabeth .

III. Anne\

IV. Susannah ^
V. Martha ^

VI. Mary^
VII. Elizabeth \

Theodrick^ (Second), son of Theodrick- (First)

and Elizabeth Carter; born ; died 1777 ; m. Anne

Waddill ; had issue ; fourth generation :

GENEALOGY 109

I. SusanQah * ; m. Stubblefielcl.

II. John ^ ; m. Mary .

III. Theodrick' (Third); m. first Miss Towiies;

second Judith Cunningham.

IV. William \

V. Richard ^ ; m. .

VI. Anne Waddill ' ; m. Thompson.

VII. WaddiU ' ; m. Alildred Wade.
VIII. MoUy\
IX. SaU7\
X. Samuel \

John % son of Theodrick ^ (Second) and Anne Car-
ter; born 26 August, 1737; died 1781; m. Mary

; had issue ; fifth generation :

I. Anne Waddill ' ; m. WaddiU.

II. Elizabeth ^

III. Mary\

IV. Judith \
V. SaUy^

VI. Richard ^
VII. Theodrick' (Fourth).
VIII. Robert ' ; m. Unity Cook.
IX. James ' ; m. Amy Motley.
X. Francis Watkins ' ; m. Sarah Holcomb An-
derson.

8

110 GILES CAKTER OF VIRGINIA

Robert ^ son of John * and Mary Carter ; born 22
December, 1770; died 9 September, 1839; m. Unity

Cook; born 1774; died 8 September, 1809; had

issue; sixth generation:

I. Sarah ' Venable ; born 1793 ; died 1843 ; m. Da-
vid H. Guthrie.
11. Henry'' Cook; born 1795; died 1820; served
War 1812, northern frontier ; no issue.
III. John ^ Blackgrove ; born 10 November, 1797 ;
died 28 December, 1847; served with Gen-
eral Jackson, New Orleans, War of 1812 ; no
issue.
IV. Robert "" Michaux ; born 1799 ; died 28 August,
1831; served with General Jackson, New
Orleans, War of 1812 ; no issue.
V. Polly "" ; born 22 December, 1800 ; died 7 Janu-
ary, 1875 ; m. Thomas Reynolds.
VI. SamueP Jefferson; born 3 January, 1803;
died 31 March, 1873 ; m. first, Eliza Staggs ;
second, Anne Vaulx.
VII. Alexander ^ Cunningham ; born 14 March,
1807; died 8 September, 1884; m. Mildred
Staggs.

Samuel *" Jefferson, son of Robert ^ and Unity Cook
Carter ; born 3 January, 1803 ; died 31 March, 1873 ;

GENEALOGY 111

m. first, Eliza Staggs ; born 10 December, 1810 ; had
issue ; seveutli generation :

I. Watson ' M. ; born 16 December, 1826 ; died
3 May, 1828 ; no issue.
11. Jordan' B.; born 14 November, 1828; died
12 May, 1843 ; no issue.

III. Eliza ' S. ; born 3 May, 1831 ; died 10 Janu-

ary, 1881 ; m. Thomas P. Johnson.
Samuel *" Jefferson Carter m. second, Anne Vaulx,
who was born 18 Jime, 1818; died 15 August, 1874;
had issue :

IV. Warren ' ; born 6 February, 1834 ; died 8

May, 1902 ; no issue.
V. Hays ' ; born 3 August, 1835 ; no issue.
VI. Watkins ' Leigh ; born 21 J uly, 1836 ; died
10 June, 1856 ; no issue.
VII. Charles ' Vaulx ; born 20 January, 1840 ;
died 23 Jidy, 1861 ; no issue.
VIII. Samuel ' J. ; born 13 December, 1841 ; died
18 September, 1842.
IX. Laura' O.; born 22 August, 1843; m. first.
Captain J. B. Holloway, U. S. A.; second,
Colonel Edward Langford, late U. S.
Volunteers.
X. Irene' M.; born 29 May, 1846; m. first,
John T. McCrory; second, Elisha D. Ben-
son ; third, T. M. Measles.

A

112 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

XI. Samuel ' J. ; bom 28 June, 1849 ; died 9 Sep-
tember, 1893 ; uo issue.
XII. William' Giles Harding; born 19 Xovem-
ber, 1851; momited messenger Civil War,
1864; graduate West Point Class 1873;
Brigadier Greneral regular army; m. Ida
Dawley.
XIII. Anne ' C. ; born 23 May, 1853 ; died 27 Janu-
ary, 1901 ; m. Dr. Charles Terry.
XIV. Frank ' C. ; born 27 April, 1856 ; m. Kate
Blaii'.
XV. EUa MY. ; born 16 November, 1858 ; m. W. J.
Henderson.
XVI. Vaulx ' ; born 14 August, 1861 ; m. Isabel

Olcott Moore.
XVII. Mary ' Hays ; born 28 October, 1863 ; died in
infancy.

William ' Giles Harding, son of Samuel "^ Jefferson
and Anne Vaulx Carter; born 19 November, 1851 ; m.
27 October, 1880, Ida Dawley, who was born 13 April,
1860 ; had issue ; eighth generation :
I. William ' Vaulx ; born 30 January, 1883 ; gradu-
ate West Point, Class 1904 ; Lieutenant Sixth
U. S. Cavalry; m. Helen Cornyn Hunter.
II. Leigh ^ Hays; born 23 October, 1884; died 27
August, 1907.

GENEALOGY 113

The Collateral Lines.

No systematic effort has been made to trace all the
descendants of Giles ^ and Hannah Carter. The
writer has been asked, frequently, concerning indi-
viduals believed to be descendants of this family, and
he has, therefore, inserted the incomplete records so
far as thev have become known to him.

The will of Giles ^ Carter (Second) has not been
found, although the parish records show that he long
resided in Henrico County. The will of Benjamin
Carter makes it appear probable that he was a son of
Giles ^ Carter (Second). No absolute evidence of
that fact has yet been found. Giles ^ Carter (Sec-
ond) was the only brother of Theodrick^ (First).
John^ Carter was the only brother of Theodrick^
(Second). The descendants of John^ constitute the
collateral lineage bearing the Carter name, next after
the descendants of Giles ^ Carter (Second).

John^ son of Theodrick^ (First) and Elizabeth

Carter; born ; died 1785; m. Elizabeth ;

had issue ; fourth generation :

I. Theodrick *; m. (Believed to have mar-
ried Molly Eelbank, Lunenburg County,
Virginia, 10 November, 1763).
II. John * ; m. Anne .

III. Frances * ; m. Mr. Walton, Charlotte County,
Virginia.

114 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

rV. William * ; m.

V. Sherwood * ; m. Prances
VI. Jacob * ; m. Mary

John *, son of John ^ and Elizabeth Carter ; born
— ; died 1800; m. Anne ; had issue; fifth

generation :

I. Betsy %• m. Eppes (son Temple Eppes

mentioned in will).
II. Polly ' P.

Sherwood ^ son of John ^ and Elizabeth Carter :

born ; died 1797 ; m. Frances ; had

issue ; fifth generation :
I. Joseph ^

II. William''; m. (son Robert mentioned

in will) .

III. Betsy '^ ; m. Brackett (d. Prances men-

tioned in will) .

IV. Theodrick "^ ; m. Ann .

V. Samuel ^

VI. John^

Jacob % son of John ^ and Elizabeth Carter ; born
; died ; m. Mary ; had issue; fifth

generation :

I. Betsy ^ Gannaway.
II. John\

GENEALOGY 115

Benjamin Carter, believed to be a son of Giles "

Carter (Second), was born ; died 1796-9; m.

Elizabeth ; had issue :

I. Theodrick.

II. Tabitha C. B. (Betsy).

III. Lnesy.

IV. Nancy.
V. Frankey.

Theodrick Carter, son of ; born ; died

1809-11 ; m. Ann ; had issue :

I. Kitty.
II. Theodrick B.
III. Anne (Nancy).

It is not known whether the Theodrick from whose
will this information was taken, was a son of Sher-
wood or of Benjamin Carter.

All the foregoing, relating to collateral lineage,
was obtained from wills recorded in Henrico County,
Virginia. That which follows pertains to the de-
scendants of Theodrick^ (Second) and Anne Carter
of St. Patrick's Parish, Prince Edward County, Vir-
ginia, and not previously sho\^^i in the direct line of
descent. Theodrick ^ (Second) and Anne Carter had
six sons, John, Theodrick, William, Richard, Wad-
dill and Samuel. The will of William has not been
found. That of John is given in the direct line.

116 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

Theodrick ^ (Third), of Halifax County, Virginia,
son of Theodrick ^ (Second) and Anne Waddill Car-
ter ; born ; died 1805 ; m. first, Miss Townes ; sec-
ond, Judith Cunningham; had issue; fifth genera-
tion :

I. Charles ^ ; m. Miss Barksdale.

II. Townes ^ ; no issue.

III. Thomas'.

IV. Jessee\

V. Elizabeth ' ; m. Richardson.

VI. William ' ; m. Miss Stamps.
VII. Samuel'; m. first, Susannah Bibb; second,
Elizabeth Bibb.
VIII. Nathaniel ' ; m. Ann O. Stevens.
IX. Susanna ' ; m. Mathew Cabaniss.
X. John'.
XI. Ann ' ; m. Richard E. Bennett.
XII. Alexander'; m. Peggie (Margaret) Stevens.

Richard ^ of Halifax County, Virginia, son of
of Theodrick^ (Second) and Anne Waddill Carter;
born ; died ; m. ; had issue ; fifth gen-
eration :

I. Richard'.

II. Samuel '.

III. Nancy'.

GENEALOGY 117

Waddill ', of Prince Edward Coimty, Virginia, son
of Tlieodrick' (Second) and Anne TTaddill Carter;

born ; died 1782; m. Mildred AYade; had issue;

fifth generation:
I. James ^
11. Theodrick^
III. John^
TV. Daughter.
V. Daughter.

Samuel ', of Prince Edward County, Virginia, son
of Theodrick' (Second) and Anne "Waddill Carter;

born ; died 1830; m. ; had issue; fifth

generation :

I. William ' M.
11. Edward A.
III. Margaret ' E. ; m. John P. Mittauer.

Samuel", of Halifax Coimty, Virginia, son of
Theodrick ' (Third) and Judith Cunningham Car-
ter; born 21 November, 1773; died ; m. fii'st, Su-
sannah Bibb: no issue; m. second, Elizabeth Hol-
combe Bibb ; had issue ; sixth generation :

I. Virginia ' S. B. ; born 2 May, 1814 ; m. John C.
Cabaniss.
II. John ' Halifax ; born 18 January, 1816 ; m.
Judith D. Mennaly.

118 GILES CAETER OF VIKGIXIA

III. Elizabeth " Cunningham ; born 14 February,

1820; m. Charles B. Talieferro.
lY. America ^ Bedford ; born 14 February, 1820 ;

m. William Gr. Morton.
V. Louisiana "' Franklin ; born 26 June, 1822 ; m.
Thomas D. Neal.
VI. Missouri '' ; born 8 September, 1824 ; m. Robert
D. Saunders.
VII. Samuel ' ; born 19 March, 1827 ; served in

Texas Rangers, Mexican War ; no issue.
VIII. Philemon ' B. ; born 3 July, 1831 ; m. Martha
W. Motley.
IX. Mary^ M.; born 10 July, 1831; m. A. G.
Walters.

Nathaniel % of Halifax County, Virginia, son of
Theodrick * (Third) and Judith Cimningham Car-
ter ; born 2 August, 1775 ; died ; m. Ann O. Ste-
vens; had issue; sixth generation:

I. Martha ' B. ; m. Bostick.

II. Margaret '^ B. ; m. Averett.

III. Sarah «B.

IV. Samuel'.
V. James ' S.

VI. Thomas ' T.

Alexander % of Halifax County, Virginia, son of
Theodrick ^ and Judith Cunningham Carter ; born

GENEALOGY 119

; died ; m. Margaret B. Stevens; had issue;

sixth generation :
I. Judith ' C.
II. Ann ^ 0. ; m. Thomas S. Laird.

III. Robert ' S.

IV. Theodrick\
Y. John^

VI. Catherine ^ ; m. Lovick AVebb.
VII. Maria ^ ; m. Richard E. Bennett.

James % son of John ^ and Mary Carter, of Halifax

County, Virginia; born ; died April 17, 1845;

m. Amy Motley ; had issue ; sixth generation :
I. Jessee '.
II. Martha'.

III. Mary^

IV. Susan'.
V. Judith'.

VI. John ' C.
VII. Joseph ' M.
VIII. Anne'.
IX. Prudence '.

Francis Watkins ', son of John ' and Mary Carter,
of Halifax County, Virginia, born December 6, 1772 ;
died March 19, 1841; married Xovember 17, 1794,

120 GILES CAETEE OF VIEGINIA

Sarah Holcomb Anderson, who was born May 11,
1777, and died May 19, 1826, and had issue; sixth
generation :

I. Fountain (Fontaine) Branch''; born April 6,
1797 ; died August 22, 1871 ; m. Mary Armis-
stead Atkinson.
II. Elizabeth ^ ; born December 8, 1799 ; died July
31, 1856 ; m. Eelbeck.

III. Theodrick^ (Fifth) ; born July 22, 1802; died

November 23, 1833.

IV. John ^ C. ; born September 6, 1805 ; died No-

vember 1, 1869.
V. Susan ' ; born March 30, 1808 ; died January

8, 1866; married Eelbeck.

VI. Lucy"" W. ; born February 9, 1811; died Au-
gust 9, 1868 ; married Crouch.

VII. Roche' M.; born February 27, 1814; died
November 25, 1866 ; married Rogers.

Fountain Branch ', son of Francis Watkins and
Sarah Anderson Carter; born April 6, 1797; died
August 22, 1871 ; married Mary Armistead Atkinson,
granddaughter of John Atkinson, a Revolutionary
soldier. Mary Atkinson was born July 4, 1806 ; died
September 15, 1852; had issue; seventh generation:
I. Nisau Red ' ; born March 29, 1824 ; died Sep-
tember 25, 1827.

GENEALOGY 121

II. Moscow Branch ^ ; born December 5, 1825 ;
married first, Orlena C. Dobbins; second,
America V. Cattels; third, Pamale E. Miot
(widow) ; served in the Mexican War in
Colonel Campbell's regiment. Served as
lieutenant colonel 20th Tennessee Infantry,
C. S. A., Civil War.
III. Orlander Hortensius ^ ; born May 24, 1827 ;

died August 23, 1828.
IV. William Augustus ^ ; born May 16, 1829 ; died
October 15, 1830.
V. James Fountain ^ ; born January 31, 1831 ;

died August 15, 1859.
VI. Samuel Atkinson ^ ; born January 24, 1833 ;

died June 10, 1837.
VII. Mary Alice ' ; born January 22, 1833 ; died Oc-
tober 12, 1869 ; married McPhail.

VIII. Sarah Holcomb ' ; born February 23, 1837 ;

died July 15, 1868 ; married Gordon.

IX. Annie Vick ^ ; born November 16, 1838 ; died

Jime 2, 1901 ; married Baltishwiler.

X. Theodrick Carter^ (Sixth); born March 24,
1840 ; died December 2, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in battle of Franklin, Tenn., while
serving as captain and A. D. C, Confed-
erate Army, Civil War.

122 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

XI. Francis Watkins ' ; born Xovember 30, 1842 ;
served in 20tli Tennessee Infantry, C. S. A.,
until disabled by womids, battle of Shiloli,
Civil War.
XII. Frances Hodge ' ; born August 3, 1844 ; died
October 6, 1901 ; married Gordon.

Alexander Cunningham Carter*^, son of Robert"
and Unity Cook Carter, born March 14, 1807; died
September 8, 1884 ; married Mildred Staggs, who was
born December 6, 1812 ; died January 17, 1891 ; had
issue ; seventh generation :

I. Medora Aon'; born August 18, 1839; died
February 1, 1865; married Doctor Joseph
L. Stephens October 27, 1863.
II. EUen Cook^; born August 22, 1841; died
December 24, 1843 ; no issue.
III. Robert Alexander ' ; born May 8, 1846 ; died
July 19, 1875 ; married Alice Macey Decem-
ber 9, 1867.
IV. John Jordan Carter ' ; born December 6, 1848 ;
died Xovember 23, 1898. He was in San
Francisco and had returned to the Baldwin
Hotel after seeing his two nephews off for
Manila with the 1st Tennessee Vokmteers.
The hotel took fire ; he made his escape, but
returned to assist some ladies, when he too
was overcome by the smoke and was bui'ned.

GENEALOGY 123

V. Ellen Cook' (Second); born March 6, 185J:;
married Robert Andrew Milam, December
9, 1875.
VI. Henry Felix ^ ; born May 7, 1857 ; died Janu-
ary 23, 1895.

i«^

THE AUTHOR.

General William Giles Harding Carter was born
near Nashville, Tennessee, November 19tli, 1851. In
1864, at twelve years of age, lie entered the service of
the Union Army in the Department of the Cumber-
land as a mounted dispatch carrier. He was ap-
pointed a cadet at West Point at sixteen years of
age, and upon graduation in 1873, was assigned to
dutv on the western frontier, where he continued in
active service for twenty- four years, participating
in many Indian campaigns. He was several times
recommended for brevet promotions and was
awarded a Medal of Honor by Congress '' for distin-
guished bravery in action against hostile Apache
Indians in rescuing the wounded from under a heavy
fire." His services brought him into contact with
many tribes of Indians from Dakota to the Mexican
border at a time when the country west of the Mis-
souii River was a vast hunting ground. While still
in the grade of lieutenant he was the subject of an
order from the headquarters of his regiment, the
Sixth Cavalry, from which the following extracts are
taken: '^ The Colonel of the regiment takes this op-

GENERAL WILLIAM GILES HARDING CARTER

BORN DAVIDSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE
19 NOVEMBER, 1851

THE AUTHOR 125

portunity to bear testimony to the many sterling
qualities of Lieutenant Carter as an officer, a gentle-
man and a man. * ^ ^ He was adjutant as well as
quartermaster during the summer of '81, and on the
Cibicu Campaign, and displayed the most conspicu-
ous and distinguished gallantry in the battles of the
Cibicu, August 30th, and of Fort Apache, September
1st, 1881/'

He commanded his troop as a captain of cav-
alry in the last campaign on the Plains and partici-
pated in the last Indian fight, on January 1st, 1891,
near the mouth of Woimded Knee Creek, South Da-
kota, being recommended for brevet major for his
services in action. In 1893 he was detailed as an in-
structor in the Cavalry Department of the Infantry
and Cavalry School for officers. In 1897 he was se-
lected from the list of captains by President Cleve-
land and promoted as major in the Adjutant-Gen-
eral's Department. When he reached the grade of
colonel he was selected by President Roosevelt as
In'igadier-general. A few days later he was the sub-
ject of an unusual order:

^' War Department,
Washington, July 21, 1902.
" It is ordered that Brigadier-General William H.
Carter, U. S. Army, be, and he is, hereby detailed to

9

126 GILES CARTER OF VIRGINIA

act as Adjutant-General of the Ai^my during any ab-
sence of the Adjutant-General from this day to the
1st of November, 1902.

(Signed) Blihu Root^

Secretary of War."

General Carter was a member of the first Army
War College Board and a member of the fii^st Gen-
eral Sta:^ of the Army. He was employed by the
Secretary of War in devising a reorganization of the
army. His services in bringing about the organiza-
tion of the General Staff were generously mentioned
by the Secretary of War in his annual report in this
language :

'' Special credit is due to Brigadier-General Wil-
liam H. Carter for the exceptional ability and untir-
ing industry which he has contributed to the work of
devising, bringing about, and putting into operation
the general staff law. He brought thorough and pa-
tient historical research and wide experience, both
in the line and the staff, to the aid of long-continued,
anxious and concentrated thought upon the problem
of improving military administration, and if the new
system shall prove to be an improvement the gain to
the country will have been largely due to him."

While serving as assistant chief of staff*. General
Carter was sent to England and France to study the

THE AUTHOR 127

systems of supplying horses to the armies of those
countries. Upon completion of this duty he was as-
signed to command the Department of the Visayas
in the Phili^^pine Islands, and while there was in
charge of a brigade quelling an insurrection in the
Island of Samar. Upon returning to the United
States, after circumnavigating the globe, he was as-
signed to command the Department of the Lakes.
While serving in that department General Carter
commanded the joint maneuver camps of the regular
army and national guard in 1906 and 1908. In De-
cember, 1908, he was assigned to command the De-
partment of the Missouri Avith headquarters at
Omaha, and was relieved early in the follo\\ing year
and ordered to duty in the Philippine Islands.

General Carter is the author of '' Horses, Saddles
and Bridles," a book adopted by the War Depart-
ment for use of the army and at West Point; '^ From
Torktown to Santiago ''; '' Old Army Sketches, '^
and numerous professional and literary articles in
the North American Review, Scribner's, Harper's
and other publications.

IXDEX.

Adcock, 42

Allen, 41, 81

Anderson, 30, 109, 120

Atkinson, 120

Austin, 70

Averett, 118

Bacon. 20, 34, 35, 36, 105

Bailey, 93

Baird, 22

Baker, 92

Ballard, 34

Baltishwiler, 121

Banks, 81

Barksdale, 116

Bates, 49, 61

Baugh, 93

Bengany, 41

Bennett, 21, 22, 82, 116, 119

Benson, 111

Berkeley, 20, 34, 35, 36, 37, 86, 87.

89, 94, 98, 99, 100, 106
Bibb, 116, 117

Binford, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75
Blackgrove, 78
Blair, 112
Booker, 82
Bostick, 118
Boyd, 49, 61
Brackett, 71, 75, 114
Bridges, 99, 100, 103
Broadway, 93, 102
Bugg, 66
Bushell, 41

Cabaniss, 82, 116, 117
Campbell, 121
Carrington, 61

Carter, Alexander, 51, 82, 110, 116,
118, 122
America, 118
Ann, 21, 43, 55, 60, 71, 108, 116,

119
Anne, 26, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52.
53, 69, 70, 78, 102, 108, 109,
112, 115, 116, 117, 119, 121
Armistead, 74

Benjamin, 71, 72, 75, 113, 115
Betsy, 69, 70, 71, 72, 114
Catherine, 119
Cecill, 104
Charles, 49, 52, 61, 75, 82, 111,

116
Cleave, 20, 49, 52, 61
Dandridge, 76
Edward, 19, 20, 82, 117
Eleanor, 102
Eliza, 52, 111

Elizabeth, 45, 46, 47, 49, 53, 57,
60, 69, 71, 75, 77, 82, 83,
102, 108, 109, 113, 114, 116,

118, 120
Ella, 52, 112
Ellen, 122, 123
Fountain, Fontaine, 120
Frances, 71, 75, 76, 113, 122
Francis, 30, 49, 50, 51, 60, 109.

119, 120, 122
Frank, 52, 53, 112

130

INDEX

Carter, Frankey, 72, 115

Frederick, 75

Giles, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24,
25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39.
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55,
56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67. 72,
73, 74, 77, 83, 93, 100, 101,
102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,

108, 113, 115

Hannah, 18, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43,
44, 53, 54, 55, 56, 64, 83,
104, 106, 108, 113

Hays, 52, 111

Henry, 50, 110, 123

Ida, 53

Irene, 52, 111

Jacob, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 114

James, 49, 51, 60, 73, 80, 109
117, 118, 119, 121

Jessee, 82, 116, 119

John, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 24, 28,
29, 30, 33, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 53, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63,
66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74.
76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 100.
101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 108,

109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116,

117, 119, 120, 122
Jordan, 52, 111
Joseph, 71, 76, 114, 119
Judith, 21, 49, 60, 82, 109, 117,

118, 119
Kitty, 71, 115
Laura, 52, 111
Leigh, 52, 112
Louisa, 75
Louisiana, 118
Lucy, 120
Luesy, 115
Margaret, 82, 117, 118

Carter, Maria, 22, 119

Martha, 46, 75, 76, 108, 118,

119
Mary, 39, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52.

53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 61, 69,

102, 108, 109. 110, 112, 118,

119, 120, 121
Medora, 122
Mildred, 80
Missouri, 118
Molly, 47, 58, 59, 109
Moscow, 121
Moses, 70

Nancy, 51, 71, 72, 75, 115, 116
Nathaniel. 29, 30, 82, 116, 118
Nissau, 120
Orlander, 121
Philemon, 118
Polly, 50, 70, 110. 114
Prudence, 119
Rebecca, 76
Richard, 30, 47, 49, 50, 51, 58,

60, 61, 79, 109, 115, 116
Robert, 19, 29, 30, 49, 50, 51,

53, 60, 63, 71, 75, 78, 109,

110, 119, 122
Roche, 120

Sally, 47, 49, 58, 59, 60, 109
Samuel, 26, 30, 47, 50, 51, 52,

53, 58, 59, 71, 75, 76, 79, 80

81, 82, 109, 110, 111, 112,

114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121
Sarah, 50, 70, 110, 118, 120, 121
Sewell, 74
Sherwood, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76,

114
Susan, 39, 54, 119, 120
Susannah, 42, 44, 46, 55, 75, 82.

108, 109, 116
Tabitha, 115

INDEX

131

Carter, Theodrick, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 39, 42, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64.
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83
108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116,
117, 118, 119, 120, 121
Thomas, 19, 82, 116, 118
Tilitha, Tilletha, 75
Townes, 82, 116
Unity, 51, 53, 63, 122
Vaulx, 52, 112
Virginia, 117
Waddill, 26, 30, 47, 58, 59, 79.

80, 109, 115, 117
Warren, 52, 111
Watkins, 52, 111
Watson, 52, 111
William, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 30,
31, 46, 47, 52, 53, 58, 68, 69»
71, 74, 76, 79, 80, 82, 100
106, 107, 109, 112, 114, 115,
116, 117, 121, 124, 125, 126
Cattels, 121
Charlton, 80
Childres, 76
Claiborne, 26, 34, 41
Clark, 42
Clarke, 45, 47, 59
Clay, 82
Cleaves, 20
Clyburn, 41
Cocke, 12, 25, 40, 41, 44, 56, 58, 63.

64, 65, 66, 67, 68
Cocks, 41
Coles, 81
Colles, 102
Combe, 92
Comins, 29, 42

Cook, 50, 51, 109, 110

Cooke, 43

Coopy, 93

Cox, 27

Crewe, Crewes, Crews, 34, 35, 36,

37, 38, 39, 40, 54, 55, 62, 64,

100, 103, 104, 105, 107
Crouch, 120

Cunningham, 51, 83, 109, 116
Custis, 78
Dale, 62
Dalton, 93
Davehill, 42

Davis, 42, 43, 55, 56, 108
Dawley, 52, 112
De la Warr, 95
Dobbins, 121
Eelbank, 83, 113
Eelbeck, 120
EflBngham, Baron of, 42
Eggleston, 26, 36
Ellyson, 25, 65, 66, 67
Enroughty, 55
Epperson, 26, 71
Epps, Eppes, 26, 65, 68, 70, 114
Ewins, 90
Felgate, 90, 98
Ferrell, 50

Ferribie, Ferriby, 92, 103
Ferris, 29, 42, 65, 68, 70
Finche, 92
Forehand, 55
Franklin, 82
Fussel, 71
Gant, 42

Garthright, 70, 73, 74, 76
George, 75, 76
Gibbes, Gibbs, 92, 103
Gifford, 92
Gilfort, 89

132

INDEX

Goode, 76
Gordon, 121, 122
Green, 41
Grendon, 37, 38
Grevell, 92, 95
Guthrie, 110
Hall, 93
Hallam, 38
Harding, 30, 31
Harrison, 26, 66, 73, 82
Harvey, 43
Hatcher, 63
Hawkins, 73
Henderson, 112
Heskins, 92
Hickson, 42
Hill, 34

Hobson, 49, 61, 74
Holcomb, 30
Holison, 76
Holland, 93
Holloway, 111
Holmden, 92
Holmes, 41
Hood, 28
Howlett, 92
Humphrey, 41
Hunter, 112
Jackson, 110
Jelfe, 93
Johnson, 111
Jolley, 66
Jones, 15, 16
Keene, 92
^Kemys, 92. 93, 96, 103
Laird, 119 ^
Langford, 111
Laurance, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105,

106
Lawson, 58, 80

Le Grand, 80, 81
Lewis, 66, 75
Lindsay, 76
Linzey, 93
Loatham, 45, 57
Lockerson, 41
Ludlow, 19
Ludwell, 34
Lund, 41
Macey, 122
Machames, 64
Madison, 82
Marable, 50
Marshall, 41
Martin, 41, 50
Maynard, 72
Mayo, 44
McClernard, 22
McCrory, 111
McPhail, 121
Meade, 25
Measles, 111
Mennaly, 117
Michaux, 29, 30, 82
Milam, 123
Miller, 74
Milton, 93
Miot, 121
Mittauer, 82, 117
Moore, 112
More, 102
Morgan, 45
Morris, 73
Morton, 80, 81, 118
Mosby, 65
Mosely, 66
Mossom, 78
Motley, 109, 118, 119
Mulleins, 43
Neal, 118

INDEX

133

Newport, 85

Norris, 42

Oldsworth, 92, 103

Orts, 41

Owin, 66

Page, 34, 93

Palet, 89

Parker, 85, 93

Partridge, 101

Passons, 66

Paunceforte, 103

Pawlett, 92

Pemberton, 75

Place, 37

Pleasants, 29, 44, 45, 63, 64, 67, 68

Pocahontas, 43

Pory, 92, 93

Powel, 95, 96

Price, 41, 54

Prosser, 92

Purnell, 81

Ramsey, 34

Randolph, 26, 38, 40, 44, 81

Reese, 42

Reynolds, 110

Richards, 41

Richardson, 82, 116

Ridley, 50, 60

Rocketts, 73

Roe, 94

Rogers, 120

Rolfe, 43

Rolles, 93

Root, 126

Sands, 86

Saunders, 118

Scates, 22

Scott, 80, 81

Scruggs, 44

Semple, 78

Sewell, 42, 56

Sherwood, 37

Skipwith, 26

Smaley, 43

Smeethers, 41

Smith, 73, 74, 84

Smyth, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98,
99, 103

Smythes, 42, 56

Spear, Spears, 45, 57, 58

Staggs, 52, 110, 111, 122

Stamps, 116

Stephens, 122

Stevens, 116. 118, 119

Strange, 93, 103

Stratford, 104

Strong, 42

Stuart, 15

Stubblefield, 47, 58, 109

Swallow, 42

Talieferro, 118

Taylor, 81

Terry, 22, 112

Thompson, 47, 58, 109

Thorpe, 86, 87, 94, 96, 98

Throckmorton, 86, 87, 94, 98, 99

Townes, 83, 109, 116

Tracy, 32, 33, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92,
93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107

Trotman, 104

Trumbull, 22

Turner, 49, 61

Vaulx, 52, 110, 111

Venable, 26, 29, 30, 47, 59, 80

Waddell, Waddill, 28, 47, 48, 49, 59,
61, 108, 109

Wade, 26, 79, 80, 109, 117

Waller, 42

Walters, 118

134

INDEX

Walton. 68, 69, 113

AVashington, 78

Watkins, 29, 45, 47, 57, 58, 59, 61,

66, 68, 73, 80
Webb, Webbe, 46, 57, 73, 92, 119
West, 34
Wheeler, 41
Whittingham, 37
Wilkins, 29, 45, 93

Williamson, 43, 44, 55, 58, 74, 108

V/ood, 73

Woodleefe, 86, 93, 98

Woodson, 29, 42, 66

Worthy, 42

Wyatt, 81

Yate, 86, 99, 100

Yeardley, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93

Zollicofer, 27

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