A glimpse of Utah, its resources, attractions and natural wonders

BANCROFT
LIBRARY

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

P:|
S r
A.,,,,..,,^

OF UTAH

Attractions

Edward PColbom

&

Issuedjjy
nder Depcirfmetxt

ofihe
Denver and Rio Grande I^ailroad

Saltair Pavilion,

Great Salt Lake.

COPYRIGHTED, IQIO, BY

S. K. HOOPER

GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT
DENVER., COLO.

u. c.

ACADEMY OF
IkCIFIC COAST
HISTORY

i^Tfaistl^j

"Monument to Brigham Young and the Utah Pioneers,

Salt Lake City,

Unveiled July 24, 1897.

C. E. Dallin, Sculptor.

Preface

E/7ER T book — great or small — should have a preface.
It is the reader's right to be told in advance for what
purpose the book was written., and what he may expect to
find along the paths of print if he shall follow them to their end.

tfhis book was written to give wider publicity to the phenom-
enal development now going on in Utah; to tell the wonderful
story of the achievements of a people who, in little more than half
a century, wrought out of a wilderness a populous and productive
state; and to stimulate, so far as a book may, inquiry by capitalists
and homeseekers about the opportunities awaiting them on the other
side of the range.

As the title suggests, the book will give only a glimpse — a
mere outline — of the many interesting and curious things, God-
and man-made, to be seen in Utah, tfo attempt more would be
to fill volumes and then leave the record but half written.

tfhe reader will be shown among the print many scenes of
grandeur and beauty, and will be told just enough about the min-
ing, smelting, manufacturing, agricultural, horticultural, stock-
growing and other interests; the social and educational advan-
tages; the scenic, bathing and other attractions, the climate, and
enough about the enterprise and industry of the people who live
and prosper in Utah, to give him a good general idea of the state,
^fhere will be a little about the Mormons, just now somewhat
misunderstood and misjudged, and something about the Uintah
Reservation recently opened to settlement, and about the little rail-
road that runs into it.

Here and there will be found a few figures — not many — just
a few, as measurements, and for the information of those who en-
joy such things, rfkere will not be an intentional untruth nor a
wilful exaggeration among them. Indeed, all the way through,
the book will tell the truth, as the truth appears to be.

Early Days
in Utah.

Oldest House in Salt Lake City.
Built in 1847.

The Early Settlement of Utah

U

Angel Moroni, Top of Temple,
Salt Lake City.

TAH'S story begins on the very
first page of the history of trans-
Missouri settlement.

The story is not only of a state
upbuilded in a desert wilderness by a re-
markable plan of co-operative effort, but
of the growth of a peculiar religion in lit-
tle more than sixty years, irom a mere
handful, to more than half a million
followers.

The Mormons founded Utah in 1847.
On July 24 of that year, their "First
Company, " comprising 143 men, 3 women and 2 children under
the leadership of Brigham Young, entered the Salt Lake Valley
and settled upon the site of Salt Lake City.

The journey of that company through more than one thou-
sand miles of an unexplored wilderness has no parallel in the his-
tory of human courage and fortitude.

C£ Ordinarily, the marches of civilization have been by slow
stages, — not by leaps and bounds. The outpost of far western set-
tlement was on the Missouri river in 1847. In just 109 days
Brigham Young, by a bold dash, moved it over and beyond the
country now occupied by the states of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado
and Wyoming.

The prophet Brigham and his people believed that the Lord
pointed out the way and guided the heroic little company through
the perils and savagery of desert, mountains and plains. This, we
do not know; but we do know that the wonderful journey was fin-
ished without an assault from Indians and that neither death nor
serious sickness came to the company.

Q Those who view today the matchless valley of the Great Salt
Lake and see what husbandry has done, can have no conception
of the scene of desolation spread around the pioneers when they
unyoked their oxen at their journey's end. Great gray ranges of

A

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UTAH

page eight

mountains, their tops here and there among the clouds, hemmed in
the sage-grown, alkalied valley; silence and solitude — the dreads
of the desert — were everywhere, and over against the western hori-
zon, sullenly within its salt-bound shores, lay that freak of Na-
ture—the "Dead Sea of Utah."

Is it any wonder that the little company huddled close about
their great leader, and listened with upturned and appealing faces
while he fervently called upon God to hold them longer "In the
hollow of His hand! "

Early
Emigrant Train.

(FROM AN ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH MADE IN 1868.)

Cf The reasons for this unparalleled journey were these: The
"Saints" — so-called, — few in number and poor in purse, had lately
fled from their city, Nauvoo, in Illinois. This flight was the
result of a long standing trouble with their Gentile neighbors,
which finally ended in the assassination of Joseph Smith, founder
and first Prophet of Mormonism. After this tragic occurrence,
the Mormons, feeling that the East was closed to them forever,
set their faces towards the West, in the hope that somewhere out
in the distant unexplored country beyond the Rocky Mountains
they would find a place where they could build up a community and
be free from interference in the practice of their religion. To

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page nine

search for this place and to found such a settlement, Brigham
Young and his company made the memorable journey of 1847.

After the arrival of the first company, other companies were
sent out in rapid succession, and within five years more than five
thousand of the faith were living in and around Salt Lake City.

But Brigham's dream of isolation was soon dispelled by the
discovery of gold in California. What followed that event
every school boy knows; the Pony Express and Overland Coach
came and vanished; the mines were opened; railroads were built
across the continent; the circles of settlement were widened to the
most distant valleys; and by steady steps Utah became a populous
and prosperous state, and Salt Lake, the unrivaled city of the
Inter-Mountain Empire.

Q The Utah pioneers are passing away. Of that "First Com-
pany" but three remain. History, if impartial, will judge them
fairly and will write their names in such shining letters upon her
pages that through all the flights of time youth will see them there
and be inspired to greater deeds.

The tasks set for them to perform were new. Theirs was not
to clear away the forest beneath its friendly shade; theirs was to
toil on the blistering sands under the scorching desert sun. Theirs
was not to fell near-by trees and make them into habitations; theirs
was to mould and sun-bake the clay into bricks and fashion them
into shelters. Theirs was not to plant in fertile soil and await
the sure rain to bring on the harvest; theirs was to sow in the sand,
and quicken it into fertility with the run-a-way waters of mountain
streams.

They gave irrigation to us; they built the first telegraph line

west of the Rockies; they laid f^sgmmmmmiiimHmfmmmmKmmmmHm^^
down railroads ; these and
many other, things did they do
to help make an empire.

All hail to them — the
passed and the passing Utah
pioneers !

:i-

'

The Days of the Overland Stags,

First Methodist Church.

Presbyterian Church.

First Congregational Church.

St. Mary's Cathedral.
SOME SALT LAKE CITY CHURCHES.

1

Brigham Young
and his Followers
in Southern Uta
The Prophet, we;
a tall white hat
seated left of thi
center. This pi
was taken during
one of President
Young's annual
pilgrimages throu
the Territory.

(FROM AN ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH)

Atout the Mormons and Gentiles

IT should be taken for granted that the people of Utah, whose
achievements along every line of endeavor have been so mag-
nificent, need no certificate of character, and indeed they do

not. But Mormonism has not been acceptable to the world at
large, and because of its unpopularity much misinformation is
extant about the faith and its followers. There have been conflicts
between religionists throughout all of the history of creeds, and the
writer has no intention of attempting to reconcile the difference
between the belief of those who follow the teachings of Joseph
Smith and of those whose trust is in other plans of salvation.

But to this he can and does cheerfully testify: That the
people of Utah of every creed will
compare favorably in intelligence,
honesty, industry, hospitality and
business ability with the people of any
part of the Union. They are not by
any means all of the Mormon faith,
but they are all proud of Utah and
labor industriously to develop hei
resources; they commingle in business
and socially; they have a welcome for
the stranger, and are all united in anx-
ious endeavor to realize for Utah the
high destiny which they fervently be-
lieve awaits her.

St. Mark's Cathedral.

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page twelve

G, There is hardly a church in Christendom that can not be found
prospering in Utah. In music, in art and in the drama, Utah has
produced celebrities of world wide recognition. The schools, pub-
lic and private, are housed in fine buildings and taught by the best
teachers that money will employ.

That there are local questions, political and otherwise, upon
which all are not agreed, goes without saying; but in that respect
Utah does not differ from her sister states. To these brief state-
ments nothing need be added, except the assurance that there is
no reason, political, social or religious, why Utah may not furnish
a happy abiding place for all who come within her borders.

Assembly Hall.

Tabernacle.
Temple Square, Salt Lake City.

Temple.

B

Some Natural \Vonders

YRON wrote of Portugal, a half century ago:

"Oh Christ! It is a goodly sight to see
What Heaven hath done for this delicious land."

But Byron had little to inspire his pen compared
with what Utah can furnish to one who would write
of her marvels. No land under the sun contains so many
illustrations of creative eccentricity. If Nature had intended the
state to be her "Old Curiosity Shop," she could not have tossed
into her work more odds and ends of rare substances, unusual
formations and strange topographical features.

Where else in all the earth is there a gash such as the one
through which roars and tumbles the Colorado*?

Is there anything anywhere to compare with Utah's Dead Sea,
or its sister-sea of solid salt1?

And the natural bridges in the wilderness of the San Juan —
one with a span three hundred and thirty feet long of solid sand-
stone two hundred and twenty-two feet high, and wide enough to
carry over the frightful chasm beneath the mighty arch, the march-
ing armies of all Europe. It would take a hundred "Natural
Bridges" like the one in Virginia told of in McGuffy's old "Third
Reader," to make one like this. Where else can their like be found*?

And then the great fields of rare hydro-carbons; the beds of
sulphur; the mountains of crystal salt; the hot springs that flow
from the tops of columns that stand like monuments upon the
plain, and that strangest of all things in mineralogy, the buried and
petrified silver-chloride forest at Leeds — where can such curios be
seen, except in Utah*?

Q In a passing glance, mere mention is all that can be given of
these queer features; but the Great Salt Lake, Utah's most inter-
esting natural phenomenon, is so widely associated with her name
that a brief description of it here is justified.

Cardenas, the Spanish rover, probably visited it during the
Sixteenth Century when he was searching for the fabled "Seven
Golden Cities of Quiviri," and Father Escalante heard of it from

Archway of the
"Caroline" Nat-
ural Bridge, San
Juan County,
Utah.

Height 205 ft.

Thickness at top

of arch. . 107 ft.
Width of top of

arch 49 ft

Width of snan

186 ft.

Height of span,

98 ft.

The "Edwin" Nat-
ural Bridge, San
Juan Co., Utah.

Height 104 ft.

Thickness at top

ot arch.. 10 ft.
Width of top of

arch 35 ft.

Width of span

194 ft.

Height of span

...88 ft.

View from lower
side of the Great
"Augusta" Nat-
ural Bridge, across
White Canon, San
Juan Co., Utah.
Height. .. .222 ft.
Thickness at top

of arch. . .65 ft.
Width of top of

arch 28 ft.

Width of span

261 f:.

Height of span

157 ft.

UTAH'S NATURAL BRIDGES

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page fifteen

the Indians in 1776; but the credit for its discovery is generally
given to Jim Bridger, who first saw it from the mouth of Bear
River, in 1824.

The lake is about seven times larger than the "Dead Sea" of
Palestine, and carries about the same per cent of salt. This per
cent is from 19 to 22, according to the season of the year, and
calculations fix the total of the salt in the lake at four hundred
million tons. The waters are sluggish and green-hued. They are
very buoyant, and so clear that the eye can pentrate them to great
depths. Gulls innumerable, whose breeding place is one of the
eight islands in the lake, frequent the waters, in which nothing
lives except a small shrimp.

Old timers have observed that this strange body of water rises
and falls in cycles of approximately seven years, attaining in mod-
ern times about the same maximum and minimum depths. At
present it is rising, and has been doing so for more than two years.

Exterior View.

Utah Hot Pots, Wasatch County.

Interior View.

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page sixteen

(J One of the largest bathing pavilions in the world — Saltair—
easily accessible to all trans-continental travelers, is eleven miles
distant from Salt Lake City. A bath in the lake is an experience
never to be forgotten. The bather has beneath his feet sand as
soft as velvet, and may float upon the surface of the waves
without the slightest effort; indeed, he could not sink if he should
try.

All of these rare things in Utah are attractions, and as such are
offered to those of our countrymen who find pleasure in the study
of the curious in nature.

C£ A word about the scenery to close the chapter. Utah's scenes
are all her own. They were set by the Master, seemingly to inspire
with their beauty rather than to awe with their grandeur. There
is a touch of Switzerland in the rapidly rising, pointed peaks of the
Wasatch, and a glimpse of Italy in the fragrant, fertile valleys
at their feet. And the blue of the skies — and the tints of the sun-
sets— these are indescribable. Moran and other great painters have
recorded the colors from the palette of the sun when at nightfall
he sinks behind the great Salt Lake, and have declared the spectacle
to be one of the most beautiful ever presented to mortal eyes. The
richest and softest and altogether most satisfying of the scenery is
along the Denver & Rio Grande, which enters through the stately
portals of Castle Gate and, following the gorges, climbs over the
Wasatch and drops down into the tranquil mountain-bound Utah
Valley, the like of which, for pastoral beauty, no other land affords.
C£ After the tremendous presentations of the Rocky Mountains,
the Utah Valley, with its Alpine setting, is most inviting. It is
a fitting finale to the grand panorama through which the traveler
has long journeyed. After Utah Valley he will see the Great
Salt Lake, and after that the deserts of Nevada await him, over
the lonely wastes of which he will carry a restful feeling, inspired
by the pleasant scenes he has last visited.

Main Street,
Salt Lake City.

About Some of Utah's Cities and Towns

SALT LAKE CITY is known around the world. Histori-
cally, it is a place of great interest, not only because it has
witnessed the vigorous growth of one of the most peculiar
religions known, from a mere handful of adherents sixty
years ago to more than half a million believers; but because it
was nursed into life in the wilderness of the far west, a thousand
miles beyond the then farthest outpost of civilization. It was
intended by its founders to be a community and not a city, and was
laid out with broad streets, and in blocks large enough for farms.
But what was proposed was not realized — irresistibly a city grew
upon the community site — a city
as beautiful and prosperous as any in
our land. Its situation, not far distant
from the shores of Great Salt Lake, in
an elbow of the mountains, with great
peaks towering over it on the north and
east, and a valley, rioting in foliage and
plenty, stretching away for many miles
to the south and west, is the most per-
fect a city ever had.

Salt Lake's New Skyscraper District.

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page eighteen

As a business place there is nothing to compare with it in any
direction for six hundred miles. It is the beating business heart
of an empire; a great railroad center, with that greatness but half
achieved; the largest smelting center by far in the world, and the
middle of a productive and rapidly developing area that takes in
the best part of the mining lands of the United States.

City and County Building, Salt Lake City.

C£ Whatever other cities have, Salt Lake has in some degree, and
Salt Lake has many things possessed by no other place in the world.
The Great Salt Lake, with its marvelous bathing, is one of
these, and the famous Temple of the Mormons — forty years in
building — is another. This structure and the queer round-roofed
Tabernacle by its side, are far famed attractions. Then there are
the broad, brook-lined streets with their trimmings of trees, the
palatial homes of Utah's many millionaires, and the quaint old

"dobies" and other styles of
architecture that still remain to
remind us of the times when the
wastes of desert were still to be
redeemed, and when to live in
Salt Lake was to toil and suf-
fer and almost starve. These
are among the sights that make
Salt Lake City the most unique

New Federal Building, Salt Lake City.

Beehive and Lion House, Two Former Homes of Brigham Young.

Black Rock, Great Salt Lake.

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page twenty-one

and interesting place to visit in all the West. There are many
millions being spent in and around Salt Lake at this writing, and
the city, already with a population of 1 10,000, is expanding at the
rate of 10,000 per annum.

It will grow amazingly during the next few years; but it
will not outgrow its beauty nor ever cease to be an inviting spot to
those who range for pleasure or business, between the two oceans.

C£ OGDEN, thirty-seven miles north of Salt Lake, where the
beautiful Weber River ends its fretting and foaming among the
rocky gorges of the Wasatch, and spreads out to lazily flow through
the valley — Ogden, at the mouth of one of the most picturesque
canons in all the mountain country, is the second city of Utah.

It has railroads reaching almost everywhere worth reaching,
a power plant that cost $1,600,000, a great sugar factory, manu-
facturing and business houses of importance and all of the other
things usually found in a city.

Ogden has a world all its own, and dominates it with an
energy that stops at no effort and "acknowledges no criterion but
success." The city is to be one of the most important in the
inter-mountain region, and is well worth investigating as a place
for investment.

There are others — Provo, Logan,
Brigham City, Springyille, lying among
the farms and orchards — and Park City,
Bingham, Eureka, Stockton,
Marysville, perched high
among the mines.

Provo and Springville, typi-
cal agricultural towns — al-
most cities, in fact, for they
have municipal improvements
of the highest order, — are im-
portant points upon the Den-
ver & Rio Grande and thrive
amazingly upon the trade of
the productive Utah Valley.
Provo has nearly 8,000 popu-
lation, and Springville is a
close second. Around these

Packard Library, Salt Lake City.

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page twenty-two

little cities is perhaps better exemplified than anywhere else in the
state, the perfection of Utah agriculture. They are at the very
center of the granary of the state and in the midst of a population
enjoying the highest degree of prosperity.

C£ Of the mining camps, Bingham, Park City and Eureka, on
the Denver & Rio Grande, have a place in the history of mining,
earned by two generations of production. Upon their past achieve-
ments and present activity Utah may well rest her fame as a min-
ing state. Of the five hundred million dollars or more of state
metal production, these three camps are entitled to a credit of at
least three hundred million dollars. To visit them is to find bustle
in business and to see tramways high in air carrying processions
of ore-laden buckets to mammoth mills. Such a visit will well
repay the sightseer. It will give him a comprehension of mining
and its importance which he can never get by reading. The Denver
& Rio Grande makes these centers of the mining industry easily a
feature of the western tour, and more and more, every year, are the
camps visited by trans-continental travelers. Underground, on hun-
dreds of miles of electric-lighted highways, the busy miners toil
among the treasures, well paid and content; and on the surface,
trade and traffic go on and prosperity prevails.

Within Temple Square, Salt Lake City.

Agriculture

UTAH is a mountainous region; but the ranges are broken
and are threaded by broad fertile valleys. These val-
leys measure the greatest depths of "Lake Bonneville,"
the ancient sea that swept over most of Utah, and of
which the Great Salt Lake is the remainder. Extending through
the state in a chain from north to south, the principal valleys,
with the low mesas and smaller lateral valleys, comprise the pro-
ductive area of Utah. To the limit of the water supply, the science
of agriculture by irrigation has been carried in these valleys to
the highest stage of perfection. They rival in productiveness the
famed fields of Spain and the Nile. Agriculture and its attendant
occupations rank second to mining among Utah's resources. As
at present developed, it is an important factor in the prosperity of
the state, and, besides furnishing occupation for a large number of
people, supplies a considerable part of the food products consumed
at home. Great increase in the productive area will be made when
the large bodies of unreclaimed lands are given to water by reser-
voir and other projects now being constructed by private capital
and by the Government under the provisions of the National Irriga-
tion Law.

The principal farm products are wheat, rye, oats, barley,
alfalfa, timothy, potatoes, sugar beets, and the usual garden vege-
tables. Some corn is grown, but the total is inconsiderable.

The varying altitudes of the state make it possible to suit the
various crops to the most favorable climatic conditions. In the
Cache Valley, on the extreme north, where the elevation is about
5,000 feet, the hardier grains and fruits are raised; on the extreme
south, in "Utah's Dixie," near St. George, and along the Rio Vir-
gin, where the climate is semi-tropical, cotton is extensively grown;
and almonds, figs, pomegranates and most delicious wine-grapes
are raised. Between these two extremes, in the valleys of Weber,
Salt Lake, Utah, San Pete, Sevier and others of lesser size, all of
the crops common to the temperate zone are grown.
Cf A new oasis is springing up on the line of the Denver & Rio
Grande at Green River. There, the water supply is abundant, and

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page twenty-four

there, within three years, will be a fruit-growing section as re-
markable as the one around Grand Junction. The climatic and soil
conditions are exceedingly fine for this industry and the irrigation
canals constructed and new ones now under way insure the future
greatness of this district. It is an interesting fact that from Green
River to Moab there is one hundred and eighty miles of scenery
which is unrivalled except by that of the Grand Canon at its most
majestic part. This includes the ancient homes of the Cliff-
Dwellers and at times perpendicular walls that rise from one to
three thousand feet. Moab has long been famed for the perfection
of its fruits, which find a ready market in the mining camps of
Western Colorado and elsewhere.

Green River is a navigable stream and numerous small crafts
make use of the waters. In good time larger boats will no doubt go
into service to handle the fruit and other shipments which increased
settlement will supply. Then there will be no more pleasant trip
than down this picturesque and interesting river.

Sunset on Green River, Utah.

The Green River is the largest navigable stream in the Rocky Mountain region, and
affords abundant water for irrigating an extensive agricultural district.

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page twenty-five

C£ Measured by financial returns to the farmer and to the manufac-
turer's employees, the sugar beet is the leading soil product of
Utah. The growing of this began some years ago in the Utah
Valley at a time when the Mormon Church undertook in a small
way to make beet sugar. So exceptionally good was the quality
and quantity of the yield, that the original mill soon took on mam-

moth proportions and the sugar industry grew until now there are
four mammoth plants in Utah, which has become one of the fore-
most of the sugar-making states.

These plants produced 99,500,000 pounds in 1909, valued at
$4,477,500. The beet growers number for that year, 4,284, and
their gross receipts for beets were $2,033,000. To the sugar beet
returns add the returns for grain, potatoes and hay, for live stocs;.
slaughtered and sold, for wool, poultry and eggs, honey and wax.

The Beautiful
Utah Valley.

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page twenty-six

from the dairy, orchards and vineyards, and Utah's farm output
for 1909 may easily be estimated at $40,000,000.

In round numbers there are about 22,000 farms in Utah and
approximately 100,000 people are engaged in farming and kindred
callings.

Q The Mormons are natural-born farmers and do practically all
of the farming. Their like for intelligence, thrift and industry
would be hard to find. In at least two respects the Utah farmer
stands alone; he has solved without turmoil or litigation the prob-
lem of the impartial distribution of irrigation waters, and he has
exemplified the value to the community of the small farm thor-
oughly cultivated, over large holdings but half tilled. One of the
wise teachings of Brigham Young was, that a man should not own
more land than he can thoroughly cultivate, and so, from the very
beginning, the Mormon land holdings have been small. Forty
acres is called a large farm in Utah, and there are hundreds of the
five and ten-acre size. One of the results of this system is seen in
the populous character of the Utah valleys; another, in the almost
total lack of unemployed land. To pass through one of these val-

Gathering Sugar Beets near Lehi.

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page twenty-seven

leys, is to constantly feel that you are in a straggling town — so
close are the homes together. Contrast this with the situation in
states like Kansas for instance, where the farms average 160 acres.

If we may count five to a family, a section of land in Kansas
would have but twenty inhabitants. In Utah, under the five-acre
farm system, if we allow the same number to a family, a section
would have 640 inhabitants; under the ten-acre farm system, a
section would have 320,
and counting the farms
at 40 acres, a section
would have 80 inhabi-
tants.

It almost passes be-
lief that a tract of but
five acres can be made to
support a family, and yet
in Utah it does do that in
hundreds of cases, and,
more than that, provides a
surplus to be laid by for
good farm stock, a piano
for the girls, a few shares
of sugar or co-operative
stocks and a little account
in the savings bank, as
against "a rainy day."
Q The agricultural valleys of Utah are among the show sights of
the state. All the people take pride in them, and few are the trav-
elers who do not rank them among the most fertile and beauti-
ful anywhere to be found. Viewed from near-by mountain-sides,
the little farms are seen lying side by side with almost the regular-
ity of the squares of a chessboard. Sometimes they are defined by
rows of Lombardy poplars — sometimes by hedges. The houses,
unpretentious, but home-like, are trimmed about with beds of flow-
ers, and the Virginia creeper, ivy and other climbing vines, grow

The Great Organ Rock.
(Four hundred feet in height.)

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page twenty-eight

up their sides. Cleanliness and system mark every holding, and,
throughout, the scene is threaded with the green banks of canals
and laterals.

This beauty of scene is present in the Cache, Weber and Salt
Lake valleys; but it attains its highest perfection and harmony
in Utah Valley, through which the Denver & Rio Grande passes
on the way to Salt Lake.

Here, the west-bound traveler is treated to a scenic surprise. The
train descending from the heights of the Wasatch, emerges suddenly
from the mouth of the last rocky gorge upon an exquisite scene.
Generally, this is during the morning hours, when the air is clear
and man and beast are going to the fields. On every hand and
reaching well up the high mesas that fringe the valley, are squares
of green and gold sprinkled with homes. And in the center, shim-
mering in the sun, lies Utah Lake. There may be sights more sooth-
ing and restful, lovelier and more peaceful than this, but if there be,
this writer has not seen them. Travelers who have looked upon the
Valley of the Mohawk, the vale of Chamouni and other famed pas-
toral scenes, say that Utah Valley shames them all. Frame this
valley with the treeless, canon-seamed mountains that rise abruptly
from the plain twelve thousand feet high, and you have a picture as
splendid as any that God has hung upon the walls of the world.

Panoramic View

Fruit Growing

THE growing of fruit in Utah began with pioneer days, and
thirty years ago the Salt Lake peach was famous; but the
production was for home consumption only, and after the
early orchards were worn out by age and the ravages of
insects, the industry fell into neglect. The first step to recover lost
ground was taken some ten years ago when a compulsory spraying
law was enacted. The real awakening, however, did not come until
Utah suffered state-wide humiliation over her defeat by Idaho in
the fruit contest held by the National Irrigation Congress at Ogden
about five years ago. Then the people became conscious of their
wasted opportunities and went to work to make fruit growing a
profitable industry. The State Horticultural Society was formed
and tree planting became almost a craze. Result : Utah took prac-
tically all the prizes and sweep-stakes for the size and flavor of her
fruit at the Irrigation Congress contests since held at Sacramento
and Albuquerque, and the Salt Lake Commercial Club now has on
exhibition, silver trophies then awarded, valued at more than
$5,000. Orchardists are seeking locations all over the state, and the
great plateaus lying along the Green, Grand, and San Rafael
Rivers are now the scenes of a scramble for land and water by com-
panies and individuals who are convinced by the phenomenal horti-

ie City of Ogden.

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page thirty

cultural successes at Green River, that the whole eastern portion of
Utah has the climate and soil to make it, under water, one of the
greatest fruit-producing sections of the world.

This territory — always until now considered an unreclaimable
waste — is all tributary to the Rio Grande System. The waters of
its deep-cutting streams will now be raised to the plateaus by pump-
ing plants and gravity; reservoirs will be built to hold the flood
waters, and, unless all predictions of expert fruit growers fail, that
part of Utah will in ten years be covered with orchards and be
worth as much per acre as are the lands around Palisade and Grand
Junction.

The Salt Lake Tribune, in its annual summary for 1909,
reports 3,000,000 fruit trees planted in Utah during 1908, and
predicts 5,000,000 for 1910.

Apples, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, strawberries,
raspberries and blackberries are generally grown. In Washington
County — Utah's "Dixie Land" — where the climate is semi-tropical
and cotton is a product — figs, almonds and pomegranates are grown
— and a grape famous for its flavor and the insidiousness of its wine.

In Utah's

"Dixie Land."

A Vineyard, near

St. George, with

the Mormon

Temple in the

distance.

Stock and \Vool Growing, Dairying,
Poultry and Bees

THERE are no larger cattle herds in Utah; but the ever-
increasing agricultural area enables small holders to add
to their herds, and the increase during the last decade is
estimated from 50 to 300 head per owner. Dairy and
beef stock comprise most herds. The grades are constantly improv-
ing and no expense is counted too much if it will insure high beef
and milk-making standards. The 1909 assessment shows 215,151

A Utah Industry — the Wool Goes all Over the World.

cattle, 1,408,248 sheep, 77,606 horses and mules, and 14,087
swine, the aggregate value being $10,983,694. The cattle ship-
ments for 1909 were 30,000 head, and the sheep 250,000 head.
Sales of sheep and mutton for 1909 aggregated $8,000,000 — an
increase of nearly 50 per cent over the sales of 1908. Nutritious
bunch-grass — an excellent feed for cattle — is found on the moun-
tain sides and on the broad plateaus, and the semi-desert portions of
southern and eastern Utah furnish large grassy areas for sheep.

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page thirty-two

Many Utah farms have the mountains for a background. There,
sheltered by deep canons, the holdings of the farms are grazed.
Utah's dairy product is estimated at $2,000,000 per year. Salt
Lake and Ogden are large consumers of milk, and creameries are
operated in many portions of the state.

C£ The poultry industry belongs to every farm; but the supply
does not approach the demand. More than $400,000 have been
sent out of the state for poultry and eggs during 1909. Utah has
an inviting field for raisers of poultry and eggs and fortunes are
waiting those who engage in the business. The climatic conditions
are favorable and the rapidly increasing demand will more than
keep pace with the supply, even though it be many times dupli-
cated. Bee culture is a common adjunct of farming and the assess-
ment for 1909 shows 12,992 hives, valued at $32,817.

The Half Tunnel

Cafion of the Grand River.

Minerals ana Mining

UTAH mining began in 1870, and the total output of the
state from that time to this has been about $498,446,-
724.55. The metal production for 1909 was $26,131,-
0)70.97. Copper led with 75,729,933 pounds, value
$9,794,588.92. The gold was 198,194 ounces, value $4,096,771.98.
The silver, 11,275,847 ounces, value $6,031,306.66. The lead,

Daly West and Quincy Mines, Park City, Utah.

127,630,024 pounds, value $5,420,447.11; and the zinc, 14,498,-
ooo pounds, value $787,956.30. The dividends for the year
were $7,932,019.

From the beginning until the discovery of the great copper zone
at Bingham in 1899, when Utah became an important red metal
producer, the holdings were confined to small areas and the develop-
ment of the industry was carried on by individuals and corpora-
tions. That was the period of the "Emma," "Flagstaff," "Ontario"

A GLIMPSE OF U <T A H

page thirty-four

and other mines celebrated in Utah history. When copper was

discovered the era of consolidated mining began. Large aggrega-
te o o oo o

tions of eastern capital at once began taking over the important
mines and organizing them with new territory into great groups.
As a result, the old names were lost and a new nomanclature estab-
lished with "Boston Consolidated," "Utah Copper," "Colorado
Mining," "Silver King Coalition" and "Utah Consolidated," as
sample titles. Under consolidation, millions were spent for mine
and mill equipment to reduce the cost of extraction and for the
salvation of values in ores that formerly were considered of too
low grade for any use. The consolidated companies took over
practically the entire Bingham District and obtained a strong foot-
hold in Park City and Tintic, where lead and silver are the dom-
inant metals.

The results of consolidated mining have been marvelous. The
annual Utah copper output has been raised in nine years from
almost nothing, to 75,000,000 pounds; deposits have been discov-
ered and opened which disclose values of more than half a billion
dollars, and concentration mills and smelters have been built that
represent an expenditure of more than twelve million in the Salt
Lake Valley alone. Among the mills constructed were those of
the "Utah Copper" and "Boston Consolidated" at Garfield, which
have an aggregate daily capacity of 13,000 tons.

So great had become Utah's copper mining industry in 1909
that organized capital began to consolidate the consolidations, and
during that year the "Utah Copper" and the "Boston Consoli-
dated" properties were organized into a trust, which immediately
took over the control of the great "Nevada Consolidated Company"
at Ely.

The principal mining camps in Utah are Bingham, Park City,
Tintic, Alta, Mercur, Marysvale, American Fork, Ophir, Newhouse
and Frisco. Bingham leads in copper production, with lead and
silver associated. Newhouse is a copper camp, and Park City,
Alta, Tintic, American Fork, Ophir and Frisco — the homes of
many celebrated old mines — are silver-lead sections. The gold

A- GLIMPSE OF U T A H

page thirty-five

camps are Marysvale and Mercur — the latter having a cyanide mill
of a thousand tons daily capacity.

These pages can give but a glimpse of Utah, and the great-
ness of her mining industry must be measured by the figures of
annual production and the millions declared in annual dividends.
To name all the principal mines and detail their equipment and
daily extraction would require more space than will be found
in this book.

In no part of the mining world is the economy of extraction
and the percentage of value salvation better illustrated than in
Utah. It will be well worth anyone's while to see this practically
illustrated near Salt Lake. In Bingham the mountains are being
razed and the topography changed every year. Where once would
have worked an army of men with picks and drills, now the steam
shovels are eating down the mountains, and untouched by human
hands the ores are transferred from the great deposits to the mills
and smelters.

Figures are not always impressive and a long line of them in
print may sometimes be helped with a single illustration. The
output from the consolidated properties of the "Utah Copper
Company" at Bingham aggregates at a low estimate 20,000 tons
per day. Allow 35 feet for the length of each car and coupling,
allow a capacity of 40 tons per car, and it will be seen that a train
three and one-third miles long is needed every day to transport the
ores mined, from the mountain to the mill.

The concentration mills of the consolidated companies at Gar-
field are among the largest in the world, and they work unceasingly.
The ores are automatically carried from the cars to the crushers,
and thence by travelling belts through the rolls and screens to
acres of shaking tables which separate the values from the waste —
sending the metal in a never-ceasing stream to the cars which trans-
mit it to the smelters — and the waste through a long tunnel to the
valley, where it deposits over large areas at the rate of an acre-foot
or two per day.

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General View

Bingham Canon,

Utah's Great

Copper Camp.

page thirty-six

To follow the ores on their travel from the time they leave
the mountain until their copper contents have become shining
ingots, is an interesting and educating experience. But one does
not grasp the greatness of the enterprise until he is told that the
daily waste from the mills has built up the valley to the tops of
telegraph poles that less than a year ago were thirty feet above the
earth.

C£ The coking and bituminous ccal measures of Utah are very
large and cover a tremendous area. In 1909 the output was two
million tons, and the number of employes approximately 3,000.
The promise for 1910 is that these figures will be materially
increased by better transportation facilities and the opening of
many new properties.

Utah mining is not wholly confined to the extraction of coals
and metals. In the northeast portion are great deposits of asphal-
tum and the unusual forms of the hydro-carbons known as ozocer-
ite, elaterite and gilsonite. Much energy and capital is engaged
in the extraction of these products, and the time is coming when

A

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page thirty-seven

the whole nation may look to Utah for paving and varnish mate-
rials without any fear of the failure of the supply.
(J Salt is mined in many portions of the state, and on the Ameri-
can Desert, which borders the south shore of the Great Salt Lake,
the winds and the waves have formed a solid salt sea. This
remarkable deposit is crossed by the Western Pacific Railway and
its estimated contents are three hundred and eighty million car-
loads. There are inexhaustible sulphur mines in Utah and great
deposits of gypsum, and down in Washington County, at Leeds,
is a petrified forest from which for more than forty years the
crystalized trees of a prehistoric age have been mined and milled
for the chlorides of silver.

To sum it all up, it has already been demonstrated by explo-
ration that in underground Utah are deposits of wealth against
which her children for generations to come may draw without fear
of their exhaustion, and, with this as a foundation for her great-
ness, there need be no anxiety about the future prosperity of the
state.

••BBB
Utah Copper Mine, at Bingham, Utah.

Smelting and Ore Reduction

THE milling and smelting of ore has kept step in Utah
with the march of her mining development. From a few
little plants of ten years ago, the industry has grown until
mammoth concerns costing many million dollars are in
operation, and Salt Lake has become one of the largest, ore-reduc-
tion centers of the world. The most notable smelters are: The
American plants at Garfield and Murray, the Utah Consolidated,
Yampa, United States, the Independent at Ogden, the "Knight"
at Tintic and the Majestic in Beaver County.

The principal reduction mills are : The Utah Copper and Boston
Consolidated at Garfield, the Newhouse at Newhouse, the Golden
Gate, Sacramento, and Boston-Sunshine at Mercur, and the Daly-
West and Silver King at Park City.

The model smelting town of Garfield at the base of the
Oquirrh Range, just west of Salt Lake, is a center of activity.

Concentrator Plant, Boston Consolidated Mining Company, Garfield, Utah.

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page forty

Here the American Copper Smelter, which cost $5,000,000, and
the Utah Copper and Boston Consolidated concentration mills,
which cost about $6,000,000, are located, and here may be seen
any day an exhibition of modern ore treatment upon a scale as
colossal as any in the world. Ores for these plants come largely
from Bingham over a branch of the Rio Grande Railroad, and for
the smelter from all over the mining West.

Beyond Garfield seven miles from Tooele City, the Inter-
national Smelting and Refining Company, recently organized in

Copper Smelting Plant, American Smelter Securities Company, Garfield, Utah.

New York, is building a plant which, according to a statement re-
cently made by a representative of the company, is to be "the most
modern and best smelting plant ever installed anywhere." The cost
of the plant, which includes a railroad seven miles long, will run
into the millions of dollars. This plant will be a competitor to the
American and will give mining operators the benefit of reduced
smelting charges.

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UTAH

page forty-one

Utah treats practically all of her own ores and draws a vast ton-
nage from her neighboring states, especially from Nevada, where
discoveries follow fast upon each other and values of amazing rich-
ness are constantly being disclosed.

As the years go on and capital and invention combine to pro-
duce bullion by more simple and economical methods, the mining
of low-grade ores is facilitated, and rock that once was cast aside
for its poverty has now become the very corner-stone of Utah's
mining industry.

Ore Concentrator Plant,

"ompany, Garfield, Utah.

Castle Gate.

The City of Prove.

Iron, Coal and Other Hydro-Carbons

NOT to be passed without mention, are the phenomenal iron
mines in southern Utah. The pen hesitates to give an es-
timate of the vastness of these deposits, or to forecast their
future influence upon the welfare of the state. The
veins cover many miles of area and outcrop in places to a great
height. Mr. John T. Jones, an eminent metallurgist in the employ
of a Pennsylvania syndicate, visited these deposits some years ago,

and after an exhaustive study of them and the conditions for com-
mercial iron and steel making, fixed the amount of available ore
at four hundred million tons. The ores are magnetic and hemitite,
and are almost entirely free from refractory elements. They
occur in a belt fifteen to twenty miles long and three to four
miles wide. The percentage of iron is about 61.

Among the largest and most valuable holdings of this iron are
those of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. Other large inter-

The Town of
Castle Gate.

Coal Mines and
Coke Ovens.

A GLIMPSE OF U T A H

page forty-four

ests have about three thousand acres of high-grade ore, and have
expended over $100,000 in obtaining land patents. A movement
toward the establishment of a plant to convert the ore into pig
can not long be deferred. The interesting statement is made that
an adequate plant can produce pig at a cost of $5.50 per ton, as
against $6.50, the cost in the South, and $7.50, the cost at
Pittsburg.

Q Utah has a certainty of fuel for centuries to come. The coal
measures enter the state south of Evanston, Wyo., form a large
basin near Coalville, then strike east along the north side of the
Uintah Mountains and continue to and around their east end,
whence they turn westward and run to the head of Spanish Fork
Canon, where they form the Coal Range — the water-shed be-
tween the Colorado and the Great Basin; thence they run in a
southerly direction for many miles, and then bend westward, pass-
ing by Cedar City and the iron deposits, and so continue until they
leave the state above St. George. These are the coal metes and
bounds given by Prof. M. E. Jones, a geologist who for twenty-
five years has been a student of Utah's resources. About twenty
thousand square miles are included in the limits given. There is
no anthracite, but almost all forms of bituminous coal for steam,
coke, gas-making and domestic use are found in abundance. The
absence of coal (except a few veins of poor lignite) west of Utah
insures a steady market for Utah coal on the Pacific Slope.
GL, In the chapter on "Minerals and Mining" the production
statistics for 1909 are given and mention is there made of the
other hydro-carbons — ozocerite, elaterite, gilsonite and the various
forms of asphaltum which cover an area of more than one thou-
sand square miles in northeastern Utah.

Manufacturing

THERE are all kinds of manufacturing plants in Utah.
In the utilization of native raw materials, Utah's people
have long been proficient. They were driven by necessity
in early days to convert these materials into usable form,
and were taught by their leaders to become independent of the
outside world, as far as possible, by supplying their needs in home
manufactories. The result was the establishment of small plants
for silk manufacture, tanning, weaving, cloth and soap-making,
and for many other purposes, in the first years of settlement.
Before the close of the "fifties" sugar-making machinery was pur-
chased in Europe, shipped by way of New Orleans and the Mis-
sissippi and Missouri Rivers to Independence, and from there
freighted overland to Salt Lake. This plant was only measurably
successful, but the attempt at sugar-making then was the beginning
of effort which laid the foundations for the great sugar plants in
Utah that now turn out annually millions of pounds of refined
product. These modern sugar plants are among the largest in the
United States, and are operated with a degree of economy and
efficiency which has made it possible for the product to meet and
defeat in the markets outside sugar sent in to drive it out of local
use. Not only do the sugar plants of Utah declare regular and
liberal dividends, but directly and indirectly they employ an army
of labor and maintain large communities engaged in the cultiva-
tion of the sugar beet. Utah's soil is peculiarly adapted to grow-
ing beets of high saccharine value. There are said to be nowhere
else in the United States such expert beet growers as the farmers
of Utah. They have the knack of wringing the highest returns
from the land. As fast as increased acreage justifies, new factories
spring up, and there seems to be nothing to stop the growth of the
Utah sugar industry, except the limits of available land and of
market demand.

The Utah sugar factories are located in Ogden, Logan, Lehi
and Garland. These factories have a beet capacity of 2,625 tons
per day of twenty-four hours. During 1909 they turned out

GLIMPSE

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page forty-six

99,500,000 pounds of sugar, employing 1,105 men, to whom was
paid in wages $755,000. The number of beet-raising farmers dur-
ing that year, in Utah, was 5,184; tons of beets harvested, 439,000,
and amount received by farmers for the beets, $2,133,000.

Salt Lake, Provo, Ogden, Garland and Logan are manufactur-
ing centers. The principal institutions are: shoe factories, soap
works, woolen and silk mills, knitting factories, tanneries, canneries,
structural iron works and many small plants which turn all sorts of
raw materials into commercial form.

Smelting, ore-milling and bullion refining — which are really
manufacturing institutions — have been sufficiently discussed in a
preceding chapter.

C£ When it is remembered that in its efforts to increase its mem-
bership the Mormon Church has invaded the great manufacturing
centers of Continental Europe, it will be understood why Utah
has so many skilled artisans, and why the manufacturing spirit is
present so generally in the state. It is an interesting fact that
whatever article one desires to have made, he is quite likely to find

Ogden Beet Sugar Factory.

Lehi Beet Sugar Factory.

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page forty-seven

some one in Utah who knows just how to make it. A gentleman
recently exhibited a handsome Smyrna rug which was woven in
Salt Lake, and there are no end of little establishments tucked in
out of the way places in Salt Lake, where novel manufactures can

Telluride Power House, Provo Canon, Utah.

be found. But there is room for more factories and more will
come as the population of the inter-mountain country increases
and Utah's wonderful diversity of raw materials becomes better
known.

Q From a small beginning made several years ago, on the Cotton-
wood river, near Salt Lake, the production of electrical energy by
water power has grown to enormous proportions.

Almost every mountain stream of sufficient volume has
been harnessed, and there are powerful plants at Provo, Ogden,
Salt Lake and Logan. The horse-power generated and applied
to manufacturing, lighting, heating, the operation of elevators, the
various uses of mining and milling, the propulsion of cars, and to
various other purposes, runs into many thousand. Lines of trans-

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page forty-eight

mission many hundred miles long are convenient to the valley set-
tlements, and climb the mountains to every principal mining camp
and mine. The cheap power thus furnished has driven steam into
the background, and made possible the operation of plants and
mines which could not be profitably carried on by the use of coal-
made steam.

Q The salt industry is of growing importance. The principal
commercial supply now comes from the Great Salt Lake; but the
Western Pacific Railroad crosses a solid salt sea on the south
shore of the lake, having an area of 360 square miles and from
this, salt for all the world can be shoveled into cars.

Salt Manufacture,
Great Salt Lake.

In the manufacture of salt, water from the Great Salt Lake is conducted into shallow
ponds, where the process of evaporation continues during the hot summer months. At the
end of the season, when the water is entirely evaporated, the salt is scraped up in great
heaps as shown in the view.

The Uintah Reservation

UNTIL August, 1905, a very considerable portion of Utah—
—the Uintah Indian Reservation — occupying practically
the entire northeastern portion of the state — was prohib-
ited ground. The rich areas of grazing and farming land,
the metal-bearing ledges and the vast deposits of various forms of
hydro-carbon contained in the reservation, have for years occa-
sioned persistent appeals to Congress for the adjustment of the In-
dian rights and the throwing open of this valuable area to settle-
ment.

The much desired end has at last been reached and the steady
inflow of settlers, prospectors and miners has already begun.
Cf Vernal, the county seat of Uintah County, is the principal
town and the location of the U. S. Land office, having jurisdiction
of the reservation lands. Vernal is in the beautiful Ashley Val-
ley, and is surrounded with fine farms and orchards. Its streets
are paved and it has gas, banks, churches, fine schools and a num-
ber of important business institutions. Other towns springing in-
to vigor, are Myton, Moffat, Leland, Theodore, Stockmore and
Roosevelt.

C£ Prospecting for minerals has only just begun, and the metal
contents of the reservation are yet only to be guessed at. Pros-
pectors will head for the North Fork country, where the best float
and the strongest mineral indications have been found. A large
number of copper-bearing properties have been located, and much
is said in a whisper of a gold mine of fabulous richness found many
years ago, and hidden to await the time when title to it could be
lawfully obtained.

Probably there are not elsewhere in the world such remarkable
deposits of ozocerite, elaterite and gilsonite, and such springs and
veins of asphalt as the reservation contains. Of these hydro-car-
bons, there is enough to supply mankind for generations. The
hydro-carbon area covers at least one thousand square miles, and
the values it contains are incalculable. Two of these substances,
gilsonite and elaterite, are distinctively Utah curios, and another —

A GLIMPSE OF UTAH

page fifty

ozocerite — is said to be found in but one other place in the world.
C£ By treaty terms, the Uintah Indians, who by the way although
living, are "good Indians," have been allotted three hundred thou-
sand acres of fine farming land which they are rapidly learning to
till. The unallotted land, comprising approximately two million
acres, is being steadily taken up under the general land laws. A
large portion of this land is suitable for farming, and much of the
remainder is of fine grazing character.

All told, the population of the reservation is about 8,000, and
the estimate is that there is room for 100,000.

The addition of this rich region to Utah is an important step
in her progress and will rapidly increase her population and wealth.
(1, The scenery of the region is most interesting and will well
repay a visit. To see the best of it, and to see it most comfortably,
one should take the Uintah Railroad, which connects with the
Denver & Rio Grande at Mack, Colo., twenty miles west of Grand
Junction, and extends northward fifty-four miles to Dragon,
whence automobile and stage connections may be made for Vernal.
Duchesne and other points.

This little railroad is a big thing in its way. It winds about
through miniature Canons of the Colorado, crosses the picturesque
Book Cliffs — the like of which for singularity or form there is not
— climbs grades at times as great as seven and one-half per cent. ;
passes by topographical features bearing such suggestive names as
"Thimble Rock," "Hell's Hole," "Excavation Canon," "Coyote
Basin," "Dead Man's Bench," and gives the traveler such a whirl
of ragged ruggedness, natural amphitheaters, obelisks, temples and
pinnacles, as he could not experience along any other fifty-four
miles of railroad on earth.

Baldwin locomotives, coaches, observation cars, and gaso-
line track autos afford the traveler a choice of accommodations.
The train service is regular, charges are moderate, and every em-
ployee is a gentleman. What more than this can anyone wish?

The time is coming when the trip from Mack to and through
the reservation will be an experience sought and enjoyed by a
host of trans-continental tourists.

New Railroads

UTAH looks hopefully to the future for more railroads and
is building much upon their coming.
The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake (the "Clark
Road") was opened for through traffic in May, 1905,
and thereupon Salt Lake and Los Angeles — to their great delight —
began shaking hands and exchanging business. This road is the
realization of a Salt Lake dream that began a quarter of a century
ago. It gives Utah a new highway to the sea, puts Salt Lake and
Los Angeles but twenty-six hours apart, and brings to the Salt
Lake smelters the ore treasures of the "New Nevada," a region
which promises again, as in the days of the "Comstock," to astonish
the mining world.

C£ The extraordinary copper development at Bingham and the
mammoth plants at Garfield for the treatment of Bingham ores
have put a new railroad across the Salt Lake Valley — a branch of
the Denver & Rio Grande. This line transports the mine product
to the smelters and carries out to the commercial world the bullion
output. But the road now most in the Utah eye is the Western
Pacific — the new line just completed from Salt Lake to San Fran-
cisco, over which the cars of the Denver & Rio Grande now reach

Solid Salt Sea at Salduro, on the New Western Pacific Railway.

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page fifty-two

the Golden Gate. The completion of this road was of over-
shadowing importance to Utah. It cost about $70,000,000 and
illustrates the highest excellence of the railroad building art. The
main line passes over the Great Salt Lake, crosses the deserts and
the solid salt sea beyond, and, heedless of the Sierras, reaches San
Francisco with a maximum grade of only one per cent over a
ballasted speed-road of heavy steel. It will be the first western
railway to furnish all-steel indestructible cars for passenger travel
and will bring into view new scenic wonders. Among these is the
canon of the Feather River — the California duplication of the
Grand Canon of the Arkansas, but longer than that by fifty
miles. It will show for an hour the marvelous sea of solid salt in
Utah, over which the dancing images of the mirage are the most
wonderful in the world. It will have a tremendous part in the
making of the new Nevada and give to mining districts, long iso-
lated, transportation for their rich ores to Utah smelting plants.
There were many obstacles, financial and physical, to overcome in
the building of this road; but what are they when twentieth cen-
tury Napoleons declare: "There will be no Alps!" The advan-
tage of this road to Utah and the whole inter-mountain region is
incalculable.

Q Much could be said of the railroads that long ago entered
Utah, and have had their part in its upbuilding, but the reader,

if he has not al-
ready done so, will
some day ride over
the Denver & Rio
Grande and see
what a great
achievement it is
and what wonders
are to be seen
along its way.

A Street Scene in Prove, Utah.

Hunting and Fishing

THE man with a rod and gun can find enjoyment in Utah.
There is rare sport to be found in duck, grouse and snipe
shooting and in whipping the streams that flow down the
Wasatch for speckled and salmon trout. In the open sea-
son both sports may be enjoyed to the limit. Ducks darken the
air in the fall, and in the summer one can lie on the banks of

Utah Lake

and the Oqnirrh

Range beyond.

mountain streams and gaze into the deeps upon trout that swim
lazily along looking for a "coachman" or a "hackle" to seize upon.
Upon the benches along the sides of the mountains and in the
canons, grouse and California quail are plentiful, and higher up
sometimes one can get a shot at a deer or a bear.

Duck shooting may be had in almost every part of the state,
but the greatest sport will be found in the Salt Lake and Utah
Valleys and at the mouth of Bear River. These hunting grounds
are among the best in the United States and are much resorted to
in the open season. The laws for the protection of all winged

GLIMPSE

0 F

UTAH

page fifty-four

game are strict and are rigidly enforced. A small license fee is
charged against hunters from without the state. Teal, mallard,
red-heads and canvas-backs are generally plentiful. Wild geese
in northern Utah and snipe in the Salt Lake valley, are frequently
found. Twenty-five ducks constitute a legal bag. The shooting
season for duck opens October ist.

Cf Bass fishing in Utah Lake is rare sport. The lake was stocked
with this gamey fish many years ago, and two or three pound spec-
imens are frequently caught. The lake is most easily reached from
Provo, being only two or three miles distant from that place.

For trout the Weber, Bear, Provo and Big and Little Cotton-
wood rivers are famous, and at certain seasons of the year good
catches may be made in Parley's, Lost and East Canon creeks.
The laws are favorable to the fish and are strictly enforced. The
open season begins June 15th and continues to the close of the
year. Speckled, salmon and rainbow trout are the usual run.

To reach the fishing and hunting grounds, go to Provo, Ogden
or Salt Lake City, where supplies and directions can be obtained.

Trout Fishing in Provo River.

Wasatch Range,

from

Salt Lake City.

Utah s ^iVonderiul Climate

ONE can feel it from his toes to his finger tips, and can see it
in the rich green of the foliage, in the crystalline air and
the gleam of the sunshine; but no one can write it down
for others to feel and see.

There is no other climate like it. It is not warm — not cold,
not damp — not dry — just a happy medium between the ex-
tremes, with a breath of salt sea air thrown in. Altitudes that
vary to suit all human wants, and to foil the diseases that shorten
life elsewhere; enough rain to help the farmer; enough snow to
store up water for irrigation; enough cold to now and then spread
out sheets of ice for skating boys and girls ; enough heat to make a
dip in the Great Salt Lake at Saltair one of the joys of living —
these are salient features of Utah's climate. Go and enjoy it — the
world doth not contain its equal.

The Utah climate, while not so easily measured against money
returns as bullion and the products of orchard, range and farm, is
a valuable and enduring asset of the state. Not only has it drawn
to the state men and women of brains and wealth, but it has made
of Salt Lake City and Ogden resting places for the weary and worn
in the struggle of life. One of its peculiarities is that it furnishes
sea-air with altitude. A breath from the Great Salt Lake is as
soft and saline as any ever drawn in at ocean side.

The best of all climates is that where moderate extremes only
are experienced, and that is Utah's climate. The average summer

A

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U

A H

page fifty-six

temperature at Salt Lake is about 72 degrees, and the winter, 32
degrees. The altitudes vary from Logan to St. George, and be-
tween the two will be found "a fit" for any customer. St. George

—but little beyond the last southern rail of the Denver & Rio
Grande — has an ideal winter climate that will steadily grow in
favor as it becomes better known. The elevation is low, the air is
dry, snow and rain are seldom seen, and flowers bloom there in
January.

Q This is the end of the book. It could have been longer, but it
might have been tedious, and that is one thing a book must not be.
Perhaps it will do good in carrying to the world information about
Utah which oth I erwise might never have gotten out. If
this proves to A be true, it is well the book was written,
even though J&4 it maY not nave been well written.

Eagle Gate, Salt Lake City.

Engraved and Printed by

The Carson-Harper Co.
Denver.