Skip to main content

Full text of "A glossary of the words and phrases pertaining to the dialect of Cumberland"

See other formats 


**^~  y^  * 


% 


\\°{ 


fn^vru^z^ 


A 

GLOSSARY 


OF 


THE  WORDS  AND   PHRASES  PERTAINING  TO  THE 


dialect  of  Cttmkrlartb 


BY 


W.  DICKINSON,  F.L.S. 


RE-ARRANGED,  ILLUSTRATED  AND  AUGMENTED  BY  QUOTATIONS 


E.  W.  PREVOST,  Ph.D.,  F.R.S.E. 


WITH  A  SHORT  DIGEST  OF  THE  PHONOLOGY  AND  GRAMMAR  OF  THE  DIALECT 


By  S.  DICKSON  BROWN,  B.A.   (Hons.)  Lond. 


LONDON  :  CARLISLE  : 

Bemrose  and  Sons  Thurnam  and  Son 


LQAN  STACK 


GLOUCESTER  : 
JOHN   BELLOWS,    EASTGATE 


PREFACE 


168 


INTRODUCTION 


rilHE  interest  which  has  of  late  been  growing  in  favour  of  our  fast 
disappearing  dialects  leads  me,  as  one  who  was  born  and  who 
lived  for  many  years  in  Cumberland,  to  think  that  an  amalgamation 
of  all  the  Glossaries  hitherto  published  of  that  dialect  might  be  of 
value,  especially  if  additions  were  made,  and  new  matter  introduced. 

The  most  notable  Glossary  is  that  formed  by  Mr  Wm.  Dickinson, 
and  published  by  the  English  Dialect  Society  in  1878.  Having  obtained 
permission  from  the  Trustees  of  the  author,  and  from  the  Society,  I 
have  built  my  work  upon  this  collection  as  a  foundation,  and  have 
endeavoured  not  to  alter  the  character  of  the  original  more  than 
necessary. 

The  Introduction  to  the  edition  of  1878  has  been  retained  in  its 
entirety,  and  is  here  reprinted  because,  conditions  having  remained 
the  same,  I  could  neither  alter  nor  improve  upon  it.  The  information 
it  gives  is  as  true  to-day  as  it  was  when  written. 

Other  Glossaries  have  contributed  their  share  to  this  volume,  and 
almost  every  word  is  vouched  for  as  to  whether  it  be  in  use  or 
obsolete.  A  few  I  have  not  been  able  to  verify,  but  a  note  will  be 
found  to  this  effect,  although  it  should  not  be  taken  as  a  proof  that 
the  word  does  not  exist ;  some  have  been  withdrawn,  because  they 
are  to  be  found  in  all  standard  dictionaries,  and  are  in  no  way  to  be 
considered  dialectic,  whilst  a  few  " ghost  words"  have  been  retained. 


VI  PREFACE 

A  list  is  given  of  the  many  publications  from  which  I  have  drawn 
quotations  illustrating  the  words. 

Several  of  my  correspondents  have  not  only  supplied  me  with 
unrecorded  words,  but  have  also  furnished  sentences  in  which  such  or 
other  words  occur.  These  sources  of  information  will  be  found  fully 
indicated  in  the  text,  whilst  a  few  unsigned  sentences  have  been 
added  by  Mr  Dickinson  or  myself,  as  we  have  heard  them  used. 

I  regret  that  some  of  the  glosses  are  cumbersome;  this  is  owing 
to  the  fact  that  literary  English  has  no  equivalent  to  the  word;  there 
are  many  homonyms  between  whose  meanings  there  is  but  a  very 
slight  difference ;  on  the  other  hand  there  are  actions  and  ideas  not 
wide  apart  from  one  another  in  sense,  which  would  generally  be 
expressed  by  a  combination  of  words  where  the  Cumbrian  makes  one 
term  suffice,  as  for  example  in  the  list  of  "  Words  for  Beating." 

The  number  of  quotations  has  been  limited  to  one  per  word, 
except  when  more  than  one  meaning  or  pronunciation  is  illustrated. 

The  localisation  of  words  and  pronunciations  has  proved  a 
difficult  task ;  it  must  not  be  taken  for  granted  that  because  I  have 
not  assigned  a  district  for  a  word  that  it  is  not  in  use  there,  but  that 
I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  its  employment ;  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
no  sharp  line  of  demarcation  can  now  be  drawn  dividing  one  district 
from  another,  the  intercommunication  by  railway  etc.  having  broken 
down  all  divisions. 

This,  perhaps,  does  not  apply  so  strictly  to  the  variations  of 
pronunciation,  for  there  are  many  examples  of  a  river  being  the 
dividing  line  between  two  very  different  methods  of  saying  the  same 
word.  For  instance  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Irt,  the  people  say 
Toon,  whilst  on  the  south  bank  they  say  Tawwn. 

The  synonyms  are  not  arranged  alphabetically,  but  are  referred 
by  cross-references  to  the  "General,"  or  "Central"  word,  which  takes 
precedence.  , 


INTRODUCTION  Vll 

There  are  so  many  ways  of  spelling  dialect  words  that,  after 
mature  consideration,  I  have  decided  on  employing  Dickinson's  as  a 
general  rule  with  a  few  exceptions,  of  which  perhaps  the  chief  is  the 
writing  of  k  in  place  of  c  (hard)  before  b,  as  Keuk,  Keul  in  place 
of  ceukk  and  ceull.  The  double  consonants,  and  all  accents  (also  in  the 
quotations)  have  been  omitted,  because  the  presence  of  the  Glossic 
method  of  spelling  renders  such  aids  to  pronunciation  unnecessary. 
Mr  S.  Dickson  Brown,  a  resident  in  the  county,  well  acquainted  with 
the  varieties  of  intonation,  and  able  to  converse  in  the  dialect,  has 
undertaken  this  by  no  means  easy  task.  Elsewhere  will  be  found  the 
results  of  his  labours. 

It  was  thought  that  the  recording  of  all  words  in  use  in  the 
county  would  abnormally  and  unnecessarily  increase  the  size  of  this 
volume,  and  so  acting  upon  the  advice  of  Professors  Skeat  and 
Wright,  I  have  drawn  up  a  long  list  of  those  in  everyday  use,  which 
are  only  peculiar  because  of  the  dialectic  pronunciation  ;  still  this  list 
does  not  contain  every  word,  but  I  hope  that  the  labours  of  Mr  Brown 
will  enable  anyone  who  takes  sufficient  interest  in  the  subject,  to 
translate  from  Queen's  English  into  Cumbrian,  though  it  has  not  been 
found  possible  to  lay  down  hard  and  fast  laws  governing  the  vowel 
changes.  However,  I  have  found  it  desirable  in  a  few  instances  to 
enter  such  ordinary  words  in  the  Glossary  itself. 

The  variations  of  spelling  of  the  same  word  by  the  writers  in  the 
dialect  may  give  rise  to  some  inconvenience,  but  the  entering  of  every 
such  variety,  when  it  did  not  involve  a  different  pronunciation,  was 
not  to  be  thought  of :  beut  and  buit  stand  for  the  same  word — boot, 
but  only  beut  will  be  found  in  this  book. 

I  trust,  therefore,  that  the  reader  will  not  rest  satisfied  with 
reference  to  one  spelling  only,  but  will  make  a  "  cast "  amongst  the 
rest ;  if  he  does  not  find  the  word  that  he  wants  under  N,  let  him  try 
under  Kn. 


Vlll  PREFACE 

The  local  names  of  birds,  insects,  fishes,  and  plants  have,  all  been 
arranged  in  a  special  list,  according  to  their  scientific  titles,  and  for  a 
fuller  account  reference  must  be  made  to  the  Glossary. 

The  verses  on  the  "Words  of  Oald  Cummerlan'"  have  been 
retained  in  order  that  "  Ootners  "  |may  gain  some  idea  of  the  style  of 
language  used  by  the  native. 

Finally,  I  tender  to  my  many  correspondents  my  most  hearty 
thanks  for  the  yeoman's  service  which  they  have  rendered ;  they 
belong  to  all  ranks  in  society,  and  I  am  sure  that  whatever  credit  may 
be  due  to  me,  is  equally  due  to  them.  A  list  of  their  names  is  given, 
with  the  districts  where  they  live,  and  from  which  they  have  drawn 
their  information ;  this  will  aid  in  differentiating  the  localities. 

E.  W.  PEEVOST 


Newnham,  Gloucester. 

October,  1899 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  EDITION  OF  1879 


The  present  work  is  a  second  edition,  revised  and  extended,  of 
A  Glossary  of  the  Words  and  Phrases  of  Cumberland,  published  at 
Whitehaven,  in  1859,  which  has  for  some  time  been  out  of  print. 
The  changes  in  this  new  edition  are  numerous,  both  in  the  way  of 
omission  and  addition.  As  regards  the  omissions,  many  words  pre- 
viously included  were  merely  corruptions  or  peculiar  pronunciations 
of  ordinary  current  English.  These  it  has  not  been  deemed  necessary 
to  retain.  The  rule  of  exclusion,  however,  has  not  been  absolutely 
or  rigorously  observed,  because  some  Cumbrian  forms  of  common 
English  cannot  without  explanation  be  made  intelligible  to  people 
living  beyond  the  borders  of  the  county. 

In  treating  of  Cumberland  words,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that, 
small  as  the  county  is,  having  an  area  of  only  a  little  over  fifteen 
hundred  square  miles,  it  possesses  its  geography  of  language,  ranging 
across  the  county  in  tolerably  distinct  bands,  and  each  preserving  its 
substantive  identity  with  the  fidelity  attaching  to  a  national  language, 
but  occasionally  shading  and  blending  with  the  others,  its  immediate 
neighbours.  The  most  clearly  defined  band  or  belt  of  dialect  extends 
across  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  its  southern  boundary  may  be 
traced  on  a  map  by  a  line  commencing  where  the  Ehen  discharges  its 
waters  into  the  sea,  ascending  the  course  of  that  stream  to  Egremont, 
and  along  the  watershed  of  the  ancient  forest  of  Copeland,  passing 
the  head  of  Borrowdale  to  Dunmail  Eaise,  thence  along  the  south- 
east and  eastern  boundary  of  the  county  to  Kirkland,  and  by  the  base 
of  the  Black  Fell  mountain  range  to  Croglin,  and  turning  westward 
through  the  once  royal  forest  of  Inglewood,  by  Warnel,  Brocklebank, 
and  Aspatria,  to  Allonby,  on  the  shore  of  the  Solway.  To  the  south- 
ward of  this  district  the  words  and  the  mode  of  pronunciation  and  ex- 
pression gradually  merge  into  those  of  Lancashire ;  to  the  northward, 


X  PREFACE 

into  the  Scotch ;  and  to  the  extreme  north-east,  into  the  Northumbrian, 
partaking  in  some  measure  of  the  burr  peculiar  to  parts  of  that  county. 

A  little  to  the  north-east  of  the  pleasant  bathing  village  of  Allon- 
by,  on  the  Solway,  the  dialect  begins  to  vary,  and  chiefly  in  the  long  i 
being  pronounced  as  ey — meyne  and  theyne  (Glossic,  maein),  and 
this  continues  northward  along  the  whole  border,  stretching  more  or 
less  into  the  county. 

("There  are  so  many  words,  and  ways  of  expressing  them, 
peculiar  to  the  large  parishes  of  Bolton  and  Westward,  and  to  the  ad- 
joining parishes  of  Wigton,  Dalston,  and  Thursby,"  that  Mr  Dickinson 
determined  when  issuing  a  supplement  in  1878  to  form  a  new  district, 
and  this  was  and  is  designated  by  the  letter  B.  "  The  inhabitants  of 
these  parishes  hold  themselves  somewhat  distinct  from  the  NW.  and 
the  N.  and  E.,  both  in  their  pronunciation  of  several  words  and  also 
in  their  expression  and  tone  of  voice."     Note  to  Supplement,  1879). 

There  are.  many  idiomatic  peculiarities  appertaining  to  the 
dialects,  or  rather  to  the  varying  dialect  of  the  county,  such  as  con- 
tracting the  article  the  into  t',  in  the  southern  and  central  parts,  but 
not  in  the  north  or  north-eastern  part  of  the  county.*  Another  is  the 
common  note  of  assent  um  (Glossic,  .m)  pronounced  with  the  lips 
closed.  A  third  consists  in  the  entire  absence  of  the  terminative  ing 
in  all  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  and  in  its  being  substituted 
by  in,  and  more  frequently  an  (Glossic,  U'n),  and  by  its  retention  in 
monosyllabic  words.  The  affix  ed  is  compensated  by  an  abbreviated 
't,  and  those  of  ly  and  ish  are  in  frequent  use  as  approximates  or 
diminutives,  e.g.  coldly,  coldish,  wetly,  wettish,  etc.  The  terminative 
ght  in  right,  tight,  sight,  and  similar  words,  was  formerly,  and  even 
within  living  memory,  pronounced  resht,  tesht,  seesht,  etc.,  or  by 
aspirating  the  gh.  Ho  !  and  Hoo  !  are  common  expletives  at  the 
commencement  of  a  reply,  and  especially  if  the  replicant  deems  the 
question  somewhat  irrelevant  or  unimportant,  as  Ho  nay  !     Hoo  ey  ! 


ludicrous  specimens  become  explanatory  or  puzzling,  as  the  reader  may  fancy:  — 

1. — "  Twether  an'  twasps  lies  spoilt  o'  trasps  " — The  weather  and  the  wasps 
have  spoiled  all  the  rasps. 

2. — Shoemaker:    "Wife;  whoars  twax  ?  " 

Wife  :   "  Its  a  twatter  a  twinda,  aside  twatch." 


INTRODUCTION  xi 

The  English  language  has  no  equivalent  to  the  vowel  sound  in 
the  way  the  word  brust  (burst)  is  pronounced.  It  is  not  the  u,  the  i, 
nor  the  i,  but  a  kind  of  compromise  between  the  e  and  the  i.  The 
word  run  is  in  a  similar  predicament,  it  being  frequently  pronounced 
in  a  half-way  sound  between  rin  and  ran,  and  partly  approaching  to 
ren,  but  not  strictly  coinciding  with  the  sound  of  any  one  of  them. 

A  few  words  are  common  to  both  extremes  of  the  county  which 
are  not  used  centrally,  as  craa,  haak,  etc.  for  crow,  hawk. 

Some  words  are  differently  pronounced  in  different  parts  of  the 
county,  although  the  spelling  may  indicate  a  similarity  of  sound  ;  and 
vice  versa.  Seathwaite  in  Borrowdale  is  pronounced  as  Sea-thwaite 
or  whate,  while  Seathwaite  on  the  Duddon  is  Seathet — the  e  and  a 
in  sea  being  distinct.  Calthwaite,  near  Penrith,  and  Scothwaite,  near 
Ireby,  are  both  pronounced  as  o  long — Cothet  and  Scothet ;  and  a  few 
other  words  and  proper  names  are  pronounced  in  an  equally  arbitrary 
manner. 

There  are  shades  and  variations  of  pronunciation  and  accent  in 
the  districtal  dialects  which  are  extremely  difficult  to  explain ;  and 
which  can  only  be  properly  understood  on  hearing  the  native  speakers 
in  unrestrained  colloquial  glee,  or  in  angry  recrimination.  We  of  the 
country  born  know  them,  but  others  of  distant  counties  may  require 
help  to  know  them,  as  we  should  of  theirs.  Instances  are  not  want- 
ing in  which  the  modern  refined  pronunciation  is  the  innovation,  and 
the  homely  word  the  original.  Among  the  older  residents  of  the 
vales  there  still  linger  such  old  and  uncertain,  and  surely  doomed 
expressions,  as  laal,  laal-ly,  laalish ;  girt,  girtly,  girtish ;  and  sundry 
others  of  kindred  acquaintance ;  and  many  of  these  are  given  with 
a  peculiar  inflection  which  it  is  difficult  to  describe.  These  are  easily 
understood  when  heard,  and  excepting  the  leading  word,  are  not  easy 
to  give  an  exact  definition  of,  but  they  mostly  act  as  diminutives  or 
as  degrees  of  comparison. 

The  strangeness  of  some  words  and  expressions  cannot  be  duly 
estimated  from  the  sound  alone,  and  on  seeing  them  set  out  in  print 
their  ludicrousness  becomes  manifest :  for  instance,  u  yannudder  " — 
one  another;  "dudta" — did  thou,  etc.  It  is  not  enough  to  enumer- 
ate the  words  believed  to  be  purely  Cumbrian.  There  are  many  con- 
tractions, corruptions,  and  combinations  now  current,  which  custom 


Xll  PREFACE 

and  time  are  gradually  incorporating  into  the  dialect,  and  which 
another  generation  or  two  will  stamp  as  provincialisms ;  and  without 
a  key  to  such,  a  stranger  would  encounter  many  difficulties  in  ordinary 
conversation  with  an  untravelled  native. 

It  may  here  be :  remarked,  that  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
labouring  population,  occupied  in  mining,  draining,  and  other  earth- 
works, consists  of  Irishmen,  who,  with  their  families,  make  the 
western  side  of  the  county  a  permanent  residence ;  or  at  least  till  the 
labour  market  tempts  a  removal  to  better  paid  localities.  And  not- 
withstanding this  influx,  the  Irishisms  engrafted  on  the  native  dialect 
are  singularly  few,  if  indeed  any.  Their  children  reared  here  acquire 
the  dialect  as  perfect  as  the  natives,  and  soon  use  not  a  trace  of  their 
mother  tongue :  and  even  the  parents,  in  many  instances,  abandon 
their  own  idiom,  and  learn  to  use  the  speech  of  their  adopted  country. 
It  is  somewhat  different  with  the  Scotch  and  the  labourers  from  the 
borders,  who  nearly  all  retain  the  expressions  and  the  peculiar  inflec- 
tions of  their  national  speech  to  their  dying  day.  And  some  of  their 
descendants  are  known  to  retain  sufficient  to  distinguish  their  nation- 
ality over  more  than  one  generation.  There  is,  at  least,  one  creditable 
peculiarity  in  the  dialect  of  Cumberland ;  and  this  is,  its  comparative 
freedom,  except  among  the  labouring  classes  in  towns,  from  the  con- 
temptible slang  engrafted  into  most  others. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  (necessarily  imperfect  in  the  absence 
of  a  knowledge  of  the  Glossic  system)  to  convey  an  idea  of  the  pro- 
nunciation. The  chief  orthographical  alteration  will  be  found  in  the 
introduction  of  an  additional  or  duplicate  consonant  as  expressive  of 
emphasis  or  accent,  and  in  part  as  a  phonetic  accommodation.  Thus, 
the  Cumberland  equivalents  for  the  word  "hot"  are  "net"  and 
"heatt,"  and  the  latter  would  be  "heat,"  and  would  convey  a  different 
meaning,  but  for  the  additional  and  accented  letter ;  and  so  with  many 
similar  words.  The  whole  collection  has  been  made  in  the  intervals 
of  business  extending  over  many  years,  and  has  been  found  an  agree- 
able change  and  a  serviceable  relaxation.  All  the  glossaries  and 
publications  in  the  county  dialect,  hitherto  met  with  by  the  author, 
are  local  and  unavoidably  provincial ;  or  are  indiscriminately  inter- 
mixed, and  consequently  imperfect.  An  attempt  is  made  to  render 
this  one  more  perfect,  by  localizing  each  word  and  phrase.     The 


INTRODUCTION  Xll'i 

sources  from  which  information  has  been  derived  are,  a  frequent,  or 
rather  an  almost  continuous,  personal  business  intercourse  with  nearly 
all  classes  of  the  rural  inhabitants  of  nearly  every  parish  in  the  county 
during  the  greater  part  of  a  half  century ;  the  inspection  of  various 
glossaries  of  Cumberland  and  north-country  words;  a  rigid  search 
through  the  publications  met  with  in  the  dialect  of  the  county ;  the 
contributions  of  friends ;  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  mother 
tongue  of  the  county,  and  a  life-long  residence  in  the  central  district 
described. 

I  am  indebted  for  a  few  ancient  words,  still  partially  in  use  here, 
to  "A  Restitution  of  Decayed  Intelligence  in  Antiquities,  by  the  study 
and  travel  of  R.V.  (Richard  Verstegan).  London,  1634."  For  a 
revisal  of  the  words  and  phrases  of  the  south-western  district,  I  am 
indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  late  John  Caddy,  Esq.,  of  Rougholm, 
near  Ravenglass ;  and  of  those  of  the  extreme  north-eastern  district, 
to  the  very  competent  assistance  of  Mr  D.  Tweddle,  of  Workington, 
a  native  of  the  parish  of  Stapleton.  The  kindness  of  Mr  John  Dixon, 
of  Whitehaven,  is  gratefully  acknowledged,  in  foregoing  his  intention 
to  publish  a  work  of  a  similar  kind,  and  in  placing  the  basis  of  his 
collection  at  my  disposal.  The  late  Mr  Barker,  of  G-reystoke,  heartily 
contributed  the  benefit  of  his  intimate  knowledge  of  the  dialect  of 
his  neighbourhood,  and  of  its  geographical  limits;  and  to  the  late 
William  Randleson,  Esq.,  of  Croft  Hill,  Whitehaven,  a  native  of 
Scotby,  near  Carlisle,  I  am  indebted  for  a  perusal  of  Brockett's  Glossary, 
containing  sundry  valuable  manuscript  notes  and  memorandums  re- 
lating to  the  subject. 

W.  DICKINSON 


Thorncroft,  Workington 

August,  1877 


THE  PHONOLOGY  OF  THE  CUMBRIAN  DIALECT 

By  S.  DICKSON  BROWN" 

(Note — All  Spelling  according  to  the  Glossic  system  is  printed  thus  :  SAUP) 


The  County  of  Cumberland  falls  naturally  into  three  phonological 
tracts,  the  central  (a),  northern  (n.),  and  southern  (sw.)  portions  of 
the  county,  being  each  strongly  differentiated  as  regards  the  employ- 
ment of  certain  sounds.  The  line  of  demarcation  cannot,  however, 
be  accurately  determined  from  the  very  nature  of  the  case,  since 
usages  of  the  one  insensibly  merge  into  those  of  the  other;  hence, 
any  attempt  to  indicate  exact  bounds  would  be  futile. 

Taking  the  group  of  hills  round  Keswick  as  starting  point, 
and  passing  northwards,  there  may  be  noticed,  for  instance,  a  gradual 
change  in  the  pronunciation  of  the  diphthong  ei,  which  in  the  centre 
is  composed  of  a  guttural  vowel  followed  by  a  palatal  aa  and  I,  but 
in  the  north  becomes  two  palatals  ae  and  I,  in  each  case  the  first 
element  bearing  the  emphasis ;  while,  moving  southward  from  the 
same  point,  this  diphthong  often  undergoes  a  radical  change,  the 
former  element  becoming  a  palatal  and  the  second  an  indistinct 
guttural  ee  and  u\ 

In  addition  to  such  general  differences  as  these,  there  are  also 
many  purely  local  variations  ;  in  fact,  it  might  be  asserted  that  every 
group  of  two  or  three  parishes  contains  its  own  peculiarities.  With 
these,  however,  it  is  impossible  to  deal  in  the  limits  of  this  sketch, 
and  attention  will  be  centred  on  the  broad  differences  of  the  three 
principal  divisions. 

The  Central  division  is  the  standard,  its  physical  configuration 
and  remoteness  from  corroding  influences  pointing  to  the  retention 
of  a  dialectal  purity,  it  would  be  vain  to  ask  of  those  districts  which 
bear  traces  of  their  close  contact  with  neighbouring  folk-tongues. 


PHONOLOGY  XV 

This  outside  influence  is  most  strongly  marked  in  the  north  where 
no  physical  barrier  exists  to  prevent  the  mingling  of  Scots  and 
Cumbrians.  Indeed,  as  far  as  speech  is  concerned,  the  extreme  north 
of  Cumberland  is  Scottish. 

The  sw.  does  not  bear  such  strong  signs  of  any  exterior  influence, 
and  here  the  great  phonological  variation  from  the  Central  forms  may 
perhaps  be  accounted  for  historically,  while  the  dialect  of  Lancashire 
possibly  has  had  some  effect. 

The  n.  and  sw.  will  be  treated  as  variations  of  a,  in  fact  as 
dialects  of  the  dialect. 

Like  all  other  dialects  in  these  days  of  railways  and  Board  Schools, 
that  of  Cumberland  is  decaying  rapidly,  and  though  it  may  be  many 
generations  before  the  distinctive  accent  will  be  lost — if  ever — yet  the 
vocabulary  will  soon  become  obsolete.  Short  as  the  period  is  during 
which  these  destructive  agencies  have  been  at  work,  their  effect  has 
been  great ;  but  in  many  of  those  fell-dales  whieh  lie  miles  away  from 
a  railway  station,  and  which  the  tourist  who  is  travelling  on  foot 
through  Lake-land  alone  visits,  the  true  ring  of  the  dialect  may  yet  be 
heard,  for  the  older  folks,  uninfluenced  by  any  desire  to  speak  fine,  do 
not  "  chow  their  words."  Thus  the  listener  can  hear  a  vocabulary 
and  a  pronunciation  which  retain  more  of  the  characteristics  of  our 
original  tongue  than  will  be  found  in  modern  Queen's  English. 

To  treat  of  the  historical  side  of  the  folk-speech  is  beyond  the 
limits  of  the  present  work,  but  a  detailed  comparison  of  the  dialect 
with  the  Norse  and  Old  English  tongues  would  doubtless  exhibit  a 
very  close  connection,  not  only  in  vocabulary  but  also  in  the  vowel 
sounds. 

Obeying  that  law  of  change  which  rules  all  spoken  language,  the 
dialect  shows  some  divergence  from  these  tongues,  but  not  to  the 
extent  of  modern  English.  In  reading  the  list  of  words  in  this  Glossary 
I  have  been  struck,  not  only  by  the  similarity  of  form,  but  also  by  that 
of  sound,  e.g.,  0.  E.  "  geat "  and  Cumbrian  geat  are  spelled  and  pro- 
nounced alike,  0.  E.  "  gafeloc  "  and  C,  geavlock.  Moreoverjthere  seems 
to  have  been  maintained  in  the  dialectal  speech  a  continuance  of  those 
phonetic  laws  which  governed  the  differentiation  of  the  West  Germanic 
tongues,  one  of  which  seems  to  be  the  tendency  of  the  Cumbrian 
to  favour  the  guttural  at  the  expense  of  the  palatals.     Probably  this 


XVI 


PREFACE 


was  dictated  by  the  all-powerful  law  of  economy  of  effort.  Perhaps 
the  most  marked  is  the  influence  of  the  "  w  "  and  the  palatals  "  g," 
"  sc."  But  in  dealing  with  the  phonetic  laws  of  this  dialect  regard 
must  be  had  to  the  diverging  elements  of  Norse  and  0.  E.,  for  closely 
allied  as  these  two  languages  are  in  respect  of  their  origin,  yet  in  the 
centuries  which  lay  between  the  invasion  of  England  by  the  Anglo- 
Saxons  and  the  Norsemen,  the  divergencies  would  become  more 
marked,  and  the  union  of  the  two  in  Cumberland  could  not  fail  to  lead 
to  some  anomalous  phonological  developments. 


VOWEL    SOUNDS 

The  following  list  of  symbols  and  their  equivalents  is  extracted 
from  the  Glossic  System  of  recording  speech  invented  by  the  late 
Mr  A.  J.  Ellis. 

The  reader  must  remember  that  the  equivalents  of  these  symbols 
given  in  the  following  table  are  in  each  case  not  exact,  but  only 
approximate  illustrations.  It  is  impossible  to  express  the  true  sound 
of  Cumbrian  vowels  by  any  examples  taken  from  received  English 
pronunciation. 


Glossic 

Glossic 

Vowels 

A 

as  in  gnat 

Vowels 

U 

as  in  nut 

M 

AA 

ii     baa 

„ 

uo 

n     full,Hund 

„ 

AE 

,.     bete 

(German) 

* 

(French) 

ii 

U' 

..     ideal, 

.. 

AU 

..     maul 

passion 

it 

E 

..     net 

Dipthongs.. 

EI 

••     buy 

ii 

EE 

ii     beat 

n 

EU 

..     feud 

ii 

I 

•I     knit 

N 

01 

,.     boil 

ii 

00 

i.      cool 

li 

OU 

H     fowl 

For  a  see  U'  infra. 


AA 


This  vowel  is  essentially  provincial.     In  forming  it  the  tongue 
is  kept  very  low,  quite  free  from  the  upper  teeth,  the  tip  being  below 


PHONOLOGY  XV11 

the  level  of  the  lower  teeth,  and  the  pharynx  wide;  the  corners  of  the 
mouth  drawn  back,  and  the  lips  are  not  in  contact  even  at  the  corners. 
The  lower  jaw  is  not  dropped  so  low  as  when  pronouncing  "  fAther." 
The  mouth  must  be  opened — if  I  may  so  describe  it — horizontally 
rather  than  vertically. 

This  vowel  is  both  long  aa  and  short  aa  ;  in  sw.,  aa  is  almost 
invariably  the  substitute  of  o,  au. 

AE 

The  position  is  the  same  for  this  vowel,  with  this  difference,  that 
the  tongue  rises  at  the  middle  to  touch  the  upper  teeth  (but  no  more) 
and  the  tip  touches  slightly  the  back  of  the  lower  teeth,  and  is  on  a 
level  with  tLem.  The  free  passage  for  the  breath  through  the  mouth 
is  thus  narrowed.  Of  these  sounds  Mr  Ellis,  in  his  " Speech  in  Song" 
says,  "If  ae  resembles  the  bleat  of  a  young  lamb,  aa  may  be  likened 
to  that  of  an  old  ewe "  ;  and  this  description,  if  rather  rough  and 
ready,  is  certainly  fairly  expressive  of  their  character,  and  if  this  were 
not  a  serious  work,  would  strongly  tempt  me  to  dub  them  onomato- 
poetic  vowels. 

This  vowel  is  always  long  ae. 

au 

This  important  vowel  is  formed  in  the  same  position  as  aa,  with 
the  tongue  slightly  raised  at  the  back,  and  the  pharynx  slightly 
narrowed.  The  lips  remain  entirely  apart.  It  differs  at  times  very 
slightly  from  aa,  and  a  careless  ear  might  well  confuse  the  two 
sounds.     It  occurs  as  long  au  and  short  au. 

e 

e  is  practically  a  short  ae,  and  is  pronounced  in  the  same 
position,  with  the  tongue  rising  at  the  middle  till  it  presses  against 
the  whole  height  of  the  upper  teeth  and  just  touches  the  gums,  the 
lips  being  kept  open  and  the  pharynx  wide. 

This  vowel  is  always  short  E. 

EE 

ee  is  the  narrowest  of  the  Cumbrian  vowels,  but  is  by  no  means 
so  narrow  as  in  "bEAt."    The  pharynx  is  not  so  much  contracted,  the 

2 


XV111  PREFACE 

tongue  does  not  approach  the  palate  so  closely,  and  the  lips  are  alto- 
gether open.  As  compared  with  ee  in  MWt»"  there  is  a  feeling  as 
of  a  general  relaxation  of  all  the  vocal  organs  when  pronouncing  the 
Cumbrian  ee;  moreover,  there  is  a  preliminary  sound  introduced, 
which  is,  I  take  it,  an  indistinct  u*  gliding  into  ee,  but  leaving  the 
vocal  cavities  in  the  more  open  position  for  producing  uo,  and  thus 
obtaining  its  open  character.     Cf.  oo. 

EE  is  commonly  long  ee,  but  in  some  few  cases  it  occurs  as  short 
EE,  and  in  all  words  which  commence  with  the  prefix  "  be,"  it  might 
perhaps  be  more  correctly  termed  of  intermediate  length. 

i 

I  is  almost  short  ee,  and  when  lengthened  becomes  ee.  When 
sounding  it,  however,  the  tongue  is  lower  at  the  back  than  for  ee.  It 
always  occurs  as  short  i. 

oo 

Here,  as  in  the  case  of  ee,  we  have  an  introductory  sound  of  uo 
with  a  like  consequence,  viz.,  that  the  pharynx  is  left  in  the  open 
position  of  uo  when  oo  is  uttered.  The  existence  of  this  preliminary 
u  sound  is  more  distinct  in  the  case  of  oo  than  in  that  of  ee.  The 
lips  are  in  contact  at  the  corners,  and  for  a  very  small  portion  from 
the  corners  towards  the  middle,  but  not  so  much  as  in  English  M  fool" 
or  "pool." 

This  vowel  is  always  long  oo. 

u 

This  is  a  closer  sound  of  uo  (q.v.),  and  is  mainly  substituted  for 
it  in  the  extreme  North,  a  result  of  Scottish  influence. 

.     uo 

The  vowel  in  English  "  full  "  and  German  "  Hund  "  approximate 
very  nearly  to  the  Cumbrian  uo,  but  the  last-named  is  a  deeper  sound 
obtained  by  the  great  widening  of  the  throat ;  the  lips  touch  at  the 
corners. 

It  is  generally  short  uo,  but  is  in  a  few  cases  long  uo. 


PHONOLOGY  XIX 

U' 

This  symbol  is  used  to  denote  all  those  indistinct  vowel  sounds 
which  occur  in  unaccented  short  syllables,  as  in  the  second  syllable  of 
tabLE,  passion,  or  final  -niEnt.  It  is  very  general  in  Cumberland,  but  in 
some  instances  it  is  nearly  A  A,  and  I  have  sometimes  written  a  for  it.* 

General  Remarks  on  the  Vowels 

From  the  particular  examination  of  the  various  vowel-sounds,  the 
following  general  principles  governing  their  production  may  be 
deduced : — 

The  tendency  of  Cumbrian  speech  is  to  form  all  vowels  as  widely 
as  is  consistent  with  their  character,  to  produce  them  as  far  back  in 
the  mouth  as  possible,  with  the  least  possible  assistance  of  tongue  or 
lips.  Indeed,  the  lips  play  no  part — except  the  passive  one  of  remain- 
ing open — in  forming  eight  of  the  eleven  vowels.  In  two  only  (uo 
and  oo)  are  they  called  into  active  operation ;  but,  in  comparison  with 
the  corresponding  English  vowels,  the  assistance  they  lend  is  very 
small.  The  rounding  of  the  lips — as  in  the  English  o — is  never 
attempted,  and  the  horizontal  opening  of  the  mouth  gives  a  distinctive 
tonal  character  to  all  the  vowels. 

In  the  sounds  of  aa,  au,  and  ae  lies  the  peculiar  feature  of 
Cumbrian  vowel-sounds.  Of  all  the  vowels  the  two  aa  and  ae  are 
the  most  difficult  either  to  inculcate  in  a  non-Cumbrian  or — haud 
inexpertus  loquor — to  eradicate  from  the  speech  of  a  Cumbrian. 


DIPHTHONGS 

The  general  symbols  for  diphthongs  given  by  Mr  Ellis  in  his 
Glossic  are  four,  ei,  eu,  oi,  OU;  but  as  represented  in  the  dialect,  they 
may  be  analysed  into  more  than  thirty  distinct  forms.  These  will  be 
grouped  according  to  formation  and,  as  far  as  possible,  referred  to 
their  own  districts. 


It  seems  to  me  uncertain  which  of  the  two  should  be  adopted  when  writing 
the  vowel  compounds  of  the  SW.,  and  I  have  decided— though  it  must  be  acknow- 
ledged, with  some  doubt  as  to  its  absolute  correctness — in  favour  of  the  more  general 
form  of  U'.      For  further  remarks  on  this  sound  see  under  Consonants  "  r." 


XX  PREFACE 

In  many  cases  I  have  added  illustrations  of  similar  combinations 
from  foreign  languages,  not  as  exact  equivalents,  but  simply  to  show 
how  the  individual  sounds  are  run  together.  Italian  is  very  rich  in 
such  groupings,  and  is  like  the  Cumbrian  dialect  in  that  it  does  not 
destroy  the  sounds  of  the  constituent  vowels. 

The  diphthongs  fall  into  five  groups,  according  to  their  formation, 

two  formed  by  prefixing  I  or  w;  two  by  affixing  i  or  w;  and  one  by 

affixing  U'. 

NOTE. — In  writing  the  Glossic  or  Words  in  the  Glossary,  if  a  diphthong  or 
other  vowel  combination  is  variable,  the  accented  element  bears  the  sign  of  quantity 
thus :  IAA  or  IAA. 

GROUP   I 

T  (   =   EE)   + 

*IAA,   IAE,   IAU,   IE,   IEE,   II,    IOO,   IU,    IU',   IUO,   EEAA. 

This  group  is  formed  by  prefixing  short  I  to  the  various  vowels 
constituting  the  accented  element.  In  this  case  the  I  approximates 
very  closely  to  ee,  and  in  a  few  cases  it  is  so  written.  Where  a 
deliberate  pronunciation  rules,  the  ee  forms  the  more  correct  descrip- 
tion. 

The  eleven  forms  at  the  head  of  this  section  occur  generally,  but 
not  under  the  same  conditions  in  each  district,  n.  prefers  the  palatal 
vowel  where  c.  and  sw.  use  the  gutteral,  especially  in  the  case  of  iaa 
found  in  n.  as  iae,  or  IE ;  thus,  c,  driaak,  n.,  driek.  In  some  instances 
a  greater  divergence  is  to  be  noticed,  as  c,  iaak.U'R'  (acre)  becomes 
N.,  iek.U'R'  and  iik.U'R'.  ;  iaan  (one),  n.,  iin.  In  a  few  words  such  as 
c,  DR'iAAV  (drove)  n.  substitutes  iuo  as  driuov.  sw.  shows  a  radical 
difference  as  regards  this  group.  Whereas  in  N.  and  c.  the  second 
element  is  accented,  in  sw.  it  is  the  first  which  bears  the  stress  and  the 
short  i  of  N.  and  c.  becomes  sw.,  ee  followed  by  the  doubtful  sound  A 
or  U'  representing  the  accented  vowel  of  c.  and  N.  (see  Group  V.) 
Thus  c,  driaak  becomes  sw.,  dr'EEU'K,  c,  riuot  (root)  =  sw.,  R'EEUT. 
This  substitution  of  EEU'  occurs  occasionally  in  n.,  especially  ne.  In 
sw.,  the  c,  iou  is  often  represented  by  oou'  (as  is  also  c,  wau)  fiuot 

*  Where  I  commences  a  vowel-combination  it  might  almost  have  been  written  Y, 
but  as  I  consider  that  the  sound  represented  contains  more  of  the  vowel  than  the 
consonantal  element,  I  have  adopted  the  vowel  symbol.  •  English  readers  might 
conveniently  substitute  Y. 


PHONOLOGY  XXI 

(foot)  sw.,  roou'T.     But   in   the   case  of  "yeast"   the  practice  is 
reversed,  0.  adopting  the  palatal  and  sw.  the  guttural  sound,  thus, 

0.,  IIST,  SW.,  IAAST. 

The  c,  ioo  becomes  a  triphthong  in  sw.,  iaaw,  thus  c,  nioo 
(knew)  sw.,  niaaw. 

The  same  peculiarity  to  which  reference  was  made  in  speaking 
of  oo  is  to  be  noticed  here,  viz.,  the  prefixing  of  an  unformed  to  fully 
formed  vowels.  In  some  words  it  is  especially  noticeable,  as  for 
instance  in  "few,"  which  is  almost  FU'ioo. 

For  similar  combinations,  cf.  Italian,  e.g.,  "  chiari "  =  kiaa.R'EE, 
"ciel"  =  CHIAEL. 

NOTE. — In  the  Grlossic  of  Italian  and  French  words  I  have  retained  I  to  appeal 
to  the  eye  ;  really  it  is  EE. 

GROUP    II 
+    I  or  EE 

AAI,  AEI,  AUI,  001 

In  this  group  the  accented  vowel  is  followed  by  short  I.  All  are 
used  generally,  but  the  N.  favours  aei  more  than  aai,  though  neither 
form  is  restricted  to  any  particular  district.  These  two  represent  the 
general  form  ei,  which  make  a  good  test  for  distinguishing  c.  and  N. ; 
just  as  iaa  and  eeu'  constitute  a  "  shibboleth  "  for  c.  and  sw. 

aui  is  the  Cumbrian  form  of  oi.  It  is  in  use  throughout  the 
county. 

French  and  Italian  both  offer  analagous  diphthongs  :  Fr.  gouver- 
nail  =  goovaer'NAAI,  conseil  =  koan'SAEI  ;  It.  vai  =  vaai. 

The  quantity  of  each  member  of  this  group  is  long. 

GROUP   III 

*w   + 

WAA,  WAE,  wau,  we,  wee,  wi,  woo,  wu,  wuo 

These  very  distinctive  diphthongs — which  possess  the  w  sound 
so  characteristic  of  the  Anglo-Saxon — are  used  in  all  parts  of  the 

*The  use  of  the  sign  W  need  present  no  difficulty,  being  equivalent  to  00. 
Compare  the  very  similar  sound  in  both  Italian  and  French.  Ital.  "questo"  = 
KWESTO,  "quanto"  =  KWAANTO,  "uomo"  =  WOMO  ;  Fr.  "toi"  =  TWAA, 
"doit"  =  DWAA,  "fouet"  =  FWAET  or  FWAAT. 


XX11  PREFACE 

county.      The  three  districts  however,  do  not  confine  the  usages  of 
each  to  the  same  word. 

The  weaker  element  of  c.  often  becomes  the  stronger  in  sw.,  and 
w.  developes  into  oo  (Group  V) :  a,  rwaud  =  sw.,  R'OOU'D  (road). 

The  prefixing  of  w  to  a  vowel  is  especially  favoured  by  N.  and  c. 

GROUP  IV 
+   w 

AAW,    AUW 

The  two  diphthongs  in  this  class  might  almost  be  said  to  belong 
to  sw.  The  sound  is  almost  that  of  German  au  in  Haus,  while 
Italian  presents  many  similar  sounds,  as  "  fraude  "  =  fr'AAW.dai. 
They  represent  the  English  diphthong  ou. 

Many  vowels  and  diphthongs  of  c.  are  converted  by  sw.  into 
these  two  forms,  examples  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  long  list  in 
the  Preface  (passim) 

GROUP   V 
+    U' 

AAU',    AEU',    AUU',   EEU',    IU',    OOIT,    UOU'. 

Broadly  speaking,  this  group  belongs  to  sw.  and  n.,  these  two 
districts  having  a  weakness  for  indistinct  after-glides  in  preference  to 
the  distinct  component  vowels  of  c.  But  in  all  districts,  wherever  a 
vowel  is  immediately  followed  by  a  liquid  the  tendency  is  to  develop 
U' ;  and  in  words  terminating  with  a  liquid  preceded  by  a  vowel,  that 
vowel,  no  matter  what  symbol  be  employed  to  indicate  it,  is  almost 
invariably  sounded  as  U' ;  I  should  describe  it  as  a  liquid-umlaut. 

In  sw.  and  n.  these  diphthongs  are  common  apart  from  this 
liquid-umlaut. 

Vowels  and  diphthongs  of  c.  easily  fall  into  these  forms,  and,  as 
was  pointed  out  (see  Group  I.)  the  unstressed  element  of  the  c.  diph- 
thong becomes  the  stressed,  and  the  accented  vowel  falls  away  into 
the  indeterminate  sound  U',  thus  accounting  for  the  greater  part  of 
this  group,  whilst  in  the  case  of  the  vowels,  c,  ee,  and  oo,  fall  most 
readily  into  sw.  diphthongs.  (For  examples  see  Preface).  The 
quantity  of  all  (except  IU')  is  long. 


phonology  xxiii 

TRIPHTHONGS 

A  large  number  of  triphthongs  exist  in  the  dialect,  usually  formed 
from  the  diphthongs  by  affixing  U',  and  in  a  few  cases  by  prefixing  w, 
whilst  in  two  instances — iaaw,  and  iatjw,  the  w  is  affixed. 

The  U'  in  these  cases  is  generally  the  result  of  what  I  have  called 
the  liquid-umlaut. 

From  Group  I  are  formed  iaaw,  iauw,  ioou',  iaeu',  wiaa  ; 

From  Group  II :  waai,  and  waei  ; 

From  Group  III :  weett,  wauu',  wtjou'  ;  and 

From  Group  IV ;  aawit,  auwu',  eewu". 

In  each  case  the  stressed  element  of  the  triphthong  is  the  same 
as  in  the  original  diphthong. 

The  distribution  of  these  forms  is  very  general,  those  commenc- 
ing with  w  being  commoner  in  the  N.  and  c.  than  in  the  sw. ;  the 
reverse  being  the  case  with  those  ending  in  u\  (See  Diphthongs, 
Group  V). 

One  longer  combination  deserves  special  mention — the  sw.  words 
for  "your"  and  "udder,"  both  being  exactly  the  same.  In  this 
instance  analysis  shows  five  sounds,  the  stressed  vowel  being  preceded 
and  followed  by  two  weaker  sounds  thus  :  ieaawu'R'.  The  first  two 
sounds  might  have  been  written  ee  and  ae  respectively.    (See  I  supra). 

General  Remarks 

In  all  these  vowel  combinations,  one  feature  is  especially  notice- 
able— the  looseness  of  Cumbrian  vowel  production.  Very  rarely  are 
pure  vowels  heard,  and  in  almost  every  instance  there  is  an  appreciable 
element  of  another  vowel  present,  which  arises  from  the  deliberate 
style  of  speech  of  the  true  Cumbrian  who,  in  his  enunciation, 
performs  the  necessary  change  in  the  vocal  organs  so  slowly  (i.e. 
comparatively  slowly)  as  to  allow  time  for  the  formation  of  a  vowel 
in  an  intermediate  position  between  those  of  the  two  sounds  which 
are  then  being  produced!  As  an  instance  of  what  I  mean,  take  the 
word  "  fruit "  ;  when  a  Cumbrian  pronounces  this  word  there  is  heard 
between  f  and  r  the  sound  of  U',  and  the  word  is  in  many  mouths 
practically  dissyllabic. 


XXIV  PREFACE 


This  will  explain  the  origin  of  a  great  many  of  the  diphthongs 
and  triphthongs  in  the  dialect,  and  to  it  may  be  attributed  in  a  certain 
degree,  the  characteristic  style  and  tone  of  the  dialect. 


CONSONANTS 

In  reading  the  Glossic,  the  values  of  the  following  symbols  must 
be  noted. 

G  always  hard  as  in  Get. 

R'  is  used  when  writing  Glossic  to  show  that  there  is  a  distinct 
trill,  for  ar'  never  becomes  au  as  in  the  S.  of  England. 
CH  as  in  cHurch. 
dh  as  in  -mine. 
th  as  in  rain. 
The  other  letters  have  the  usual  sounds. 

In  terminations  d  is  very  commonly  dropped,  e.g.  bin,  bind  ;  lan, 
land  ;  this  is  also  the  case,  where  it  forms  the  termination  of  the 
first  part  of  a  compound  word.  It  is  very  often  converted  into  t,  espe- 
cially after  the  dental  nasal  v, 

Some  peculiarities  require  separate  mention.  Whenever  dd  pre- 
cedes er  as  in  "muDDer"  the  two  sounds  of  d  and  dh  are  heard. 

The  dh  is  the  more  prominent  sound,  but  the  preceding  D  is 
distinctly  heard ;  the  two  sounds  being  almost  separated.  This 
peculiar  softening  of  the  dental  results  from  the  looseness  referred  to 
above,  the  tongue  occupying  the  dh  position  in  its  preparation  for  the 
R  position  long  enough  for  the  interdental  spirant  to  be  formed.  The 
same  remarks  apply  to  tt,  which  becomes  T  +  th  in  similar  cases. 

The  formation  of  these  peculiar  combinations  ddh  and  tth  (as 
in  bowster),  deserve  a  fuller  and  more  technical  explanation,  which  is 
as  follows  :  when  the  D  or  T  have  been  formed,  the  tip  of  the 
tongue  in  passing  to  the  R  position  is  not  drawn  at  once  away  from, 
but  slides  down  the  back  of  the  upper  teeth,  and  thus  the  dh  or  th 
comes  into  existence.  This  development  is  aided,  too,  by  the  fact  of 
the  vowel  being  guttural,  but  the  tendency  is  the  same  whatever 
vowel  may  be  inserted. 


PHONOLOGY  XXV 

In  Irish  the  equivalent  is  a  pure  dh  or  TH  without  the  preceding 
D  or  T,  but  this  is  not  the  case  in  Cumbrian,  the  D  or  T  being  always 
strongly  in  evidence. 

Sullivan  says  that  initial  th  was  not  heard  some  half-century  ago, 
being  replaced  by  f,  but  no  trace  of  this  seems  to  be  now  extant. 

The  question  of  h  or  no  h  has  caused  considerable  difference  of 
opinion.  Ferguson  declares  that  it  is  distinctly  heard,  but  from  that 
I  must  dissent.  Under  Scotch  and  Northumbrian  influence  some 
attention  is  paid  to  the  breathing  in  the  n.,  but  even  there  it  is  not 
universal,  whilst  as  regards  the  remainder  of  the  county  it  is  simply 
ignored,  and  yet  not  quite,  for  listen  to  an  excited  or  enraged 
Cumbrian  giving  vent  to  his  emotion,  and  you  will  have  a  super- 
abundance of  h's,  "  painful,  and  frequent,  and  free."  I  have  inserted 
the  u  H  "  in  the  Glossic  of  those  words,  in  which  its  employment  is 
moderately  uniform  and  stable. 

It  may  be  laid  down  as  an  axiom  that  Cumbrians  know  nothing 
of  h  as  a  reliable  quantity,  and  the  truth  of  this  will  be  vouched  for 
by  all — experto  crede — who  have  had  the  weariness  of  instructing  the 
Cumbrian  youth  in  its  usage. 

The  liquids  l,  m,  n,  r,  when  terminating  a  word  or  syllable,  are 
very  often  vocalic— that  is,  develop  a  vowel  before  them,  and  so  form 
a  distinct  syllable. 

In  "  Anderson  "  there  is  a  peculiar  method  of  substituting  t  for  k 
before  n  at  the  commencement  of  a  word,   as  for  example  tnee  for 

KNEE,   TNOP   fOl*  KNOP. 

If  these  words  were  so  pronounced  a  century  ago,  no  trace  of  it 
lingers  now.  An  explanation  of  this  peculiarity  might  be  that  it 
resulted  from  an  incorrect  use  of  the  definite  article,  which  in 
Cumberland  is  always  T'  even  before  consonants.  This  T'  might  have 
become  welded  to  the  word,  eventually  forming  an  integral  part 
of  it.  I  remember  hearing  the  son  of  my  landlady  use  similarly 
formed  words,  but  this  I  regarded  as  a  mannerism. 

The  nasal  combination  no  is  always  run  together,  and  never — as 
iu  English — divided,  so  as  to  form  parts  of  different  syllables ;  thus 
the  division  of  "langer"  into  syllables  would  be  "lang-er,"  not 
"  lang-ger."     Cf.  English  "  long-ger." 


XXVI  PREFACE 

A  guttural  ch  doubtless  existed  formerly  in  the  dialect,  but  is 
never  heard  now.  There  is  in  some  instances  an  approach  to  it, 
varying  in  power,  and  which  I  have  symbolised  by  gh  or  simply  H 
(final)  to  denote  the  degree  of  intensity,  the  former  of  the  two  being 
used  to  denote  the  stronger  sound.  This  sound  seems  in  modern 
times  to  have  fallen  away  to  F  or  to  have  altogether  disappeared. 

In  sw.,  r'  is  the  cerebral  or  inverted  r.  It  is  pronounced  with  the 
tip  of  the  tongue  curved  back  to  the  hard  palate.  The  production  is 
the  same  as  that  of  Americans,  and  is  most  strongly  marked  in  the 
case  of  the  combination  -ar. 

One  tendency  of  n.  and  c.  in  connection  with  r  deserves  mention, 
and  that  is  the  insertion  of  w  between  R  and  a  succeeding  o  or  rather 

AU,  thus  :    R'wAUD,  BR'wAUD,  R'wAUT   (wrote). 

A  few  instances  of  interchange  of  consonants  exist  in  the 
dialect,  but  is  doubtful  whether  these  follow  any  general  rule,  or  are 
simply  economical  changes,  thus:  bustle  becomes  fustle;  skirl  becomes 
shirl  ;  choop  becomes  shoop  ;  while  in  a  medial  unstressed  syllable,  one 
of  the  members  of  a  consonantal  group  may  be  dropped  entirely,  as 
in  Robison  =  Robinson  and  lenth  =  length. 

Metathesis  of  medial  »  sometimes  occurs,  generally  with  u,  as  in 

BRUST,   BRUNT   (blimt),    FROSK  (O.E.,    fol'SC)  )     GURSE   (gl'aSS). 

Often,  too,  we  find  that  an  initial  syllable  is  dropped,  as  in  scover 
*  discover. 


In  the  Glossic  the  period  (.)  follows  the  accented  syllable  of  words  of  more  than 
one  syllable.  If  it  immediately  follows  the  vowel,  the  vowel  is  long  ;  if  one  or 
more  consonants  be  interposed  the  vowel  is  short,  e.g.,  BEEHAUD.UN,  BAEI.BUX. 


THE    GRAMMAR   OF   THE    DIALECT 


By  its  abolition  of  many  inflexional  endings,  the  Dialect  goes 
even  farther  towards  a  perfectly  analytical  grammar  than  English, 
and  is  in  fact  as  inflexionless  as  Danish.  It  may  be  pointed  out  that 
of  the  grammatical  forms  given  here,  all  are  not  universally  employed 
throughout  the  county  ;  for  instance,  the  ending  -en  of  the  p.p.  of 
Strong  Verbs  is  quite  as  often  dropped  as  it  is  retained. 


THE    ARTICLE 

The* Definite  Article  is  invariably  ?  linked  on  to  the  following 
word,  whether  the  word  commences  with  a  vowel  or  a  consonant.  It 
can  always  be  heard  in  pronunciation,  even  though  the  succeeding 
letter  be  a  dental  or  interdental,  e.g.,  T'teable,  T'floor,  i-'door,  T'egg. 

The  Indefinite  Article  is  a;  an  not  being  used  even  before  a 
vowel.  It  is  noteworthy  that  h  is  never  introduced  in  the  hiatus  thus 
formed,  e.g.,  "a  apple  an'  a  egg.,J 


THE  NOUN 

The  only  inflexion  remaining  to  the  Noun  is  that  of  Number. 
With  a  few  exceptions,  the  Plural  is  regularly  formed  by  the  addition 
of  s  to  the  Singular.     The  Plural  of  cow  is  kye  and  cows. 

The  Possessive  Case  is  indistinguishable  in  form  from  the  other 
Cases,  e.g.,  "  t'cow  horn,"  "  Nan-Rob- Jack  "  =  Nan' s-Rob's- Jack  = 
Jack,  the  son  of  Rob,  the  son  of  Nan. 

THE  ADJECTIVE 

The  Degrees  of  Comparison  are  formed  by  the  addition  to  the 
Positive  Degree,  of  -er  for  the  Comparative,  and  of  -est  for  the  Super- 
lative.    In  the  case  of  those  Adjectives  which  are  usually  compared 


XXVI 11  PREFACE 

irregularly,  both  the  regular  and  irregular  forms  are  in  common  use  ; 
and  good,  gooder,  goodest  ;  laal,  laaler,  laalest  are  heard  quite  as  often 

aS  GOOD,  BETTER,  BEST  ;    LAAL,  LESS,  LEAST. 

Double  Comparatives  and  Superlatives  are  not  common,  though 
such  forms  as  "  warser,"  "  betterer  "  are  occasionally  heard. 

As  Polysyllabic  Adjectives  are  practically  non-existent  in  the 
Dialect,  more  and  most  are  never  used  to  form  the  Degrees  of  Comparison. 

Most  is  sometimes  joined  to  an  Adjective  to  express  the  possession 
in  a  high  (not  necessarily  the  highest)  degree  of  a  particular  quality, 
but  without  the  idea  of  striking  a  comparison.  Thus,  a  person  might 
say  of  a  dish,  "  It's  meast  sowan  good ; "  but  should  he  wish  to  institute 
a  comparison,  he  would  say,  "It's  t'  best  ah  iver  gat." 

For  the  now  obsolete  system  of  sheep-scoring  numerals  see  Tan 
in  Glossary. 

PKONOUNS 

Except  for  the  difference  in  pronunciation  and  spelling,  the 
Personal  Pronouns  are  the  same  as  in  English. 

Relative  and  Interrogative  Pronouns 
The  Relative  Pronouns  are — Nom.,  who,   that ;   Poss.,  whose ; 

Ace,  what,  that. 

The  Interrogative  Pronouns  are — Nom.  and  Ace,  who,  which, 

what;  Poss.,  whose. 

Whom  is  not  used,  which  is  solely  employed  as  an  Interrogative, 

and,  with  the  exception  of  who,  the  Interrogative  Pronouns  are  also 

used  attributively.     Which  denotes  persons  or  things,  and  is  not,  as  in 

English,  restricted  to  animals  and  things. 

Demonstrative  Pronouns 

This'an,  that'an,  these'ans,  them'ans,  yon'an,  thur'ans,  constitute  this 
class.  When  used  attributively  the  forms  are,  this,  that,  these,  them, 
thur,  yon  ;  those  is  never  used,  its  place  being  taken  by  the  Accusative 
of  the  Third  Personal  Pronoun  them. 

The  pronominal  forms  this'an  etc.  have  been  produced  by  com- 
pounding the  Demonstrative  Adjectives  this  etc.  with  the  Indefinite 
Pronoun  yan. 

Sullivan  suggests  that  the  origin  of  this  form  is  to  be  found  in  the  Danish 
article  EN  which  is  always  suffixed.  This  explanation  appears  to  me  to  be  a  wilful 
ignoring  of  the  obvious. 


GRAMMAR  XXix 

Indefinite  Pronouns 

These  are  sum,  summut  (somewhat),  awt,  nawt,  nin.  The  dialectal 
equivalent  for  one  is  often  yan,  but  body  is  more  commonly  used,  both 
alone  and  in  compounds,  to  indicate  an  indefinite  person. 

The  attributive  form  of  yan  is  ya. 

Each  is  variously  rendered  by  ivery,  a',  beath,  ilk  (almost  obsolete). 

Either  and  neither  are  awdder,  nawdder  in  the  dialect,  but  they 
vary  in  spelling  and  pronunciation. 

Sec  (such)  is  often  heard  as  secan  in  the  phrase,  "  secan  a  body  " — 
such  an  one,  so-and-so  ;  it  is  an  analogous  form  to  thisan,  and  probably 
originated  in  the  same  way. 

The  Scotch  dialect  has  a  similar  form  secna,  as  in  the  phrase 
"  secna  fash  !  " — such  bother  ! 


THE  VERB 

The  Verbs  are.  divided  into  two  Classes,  Strong  and  Weak.    Omit- 
ting the  small  section  of  anomalous  verbs,  and  the  two  to  be  and 
to  have,  the  remaining  verbs  of  the  dialect  are  conjugated  regularly 
according  to  the  class  to  which  they  belong. 

As  models  the  paradigms  of  drive  (Strong)  and  like  (Weak)  are 
given. 

Strong  Conjugation 

Present  Indicative — Sing.  1     drive       Plur.  drive 

h      2     drives         „       drive 

H      3     drives        ,.       drive 

Preterite  Indie. — Sing,  and  Plur.  1,  2,  3         dreav 

Future         ..  ..  ..  '11  (will)  drive 

Present  Subjunct.  ..  .,  drive 

Preterite  ..  ..  ..  dreav 

Imperative  Mood — Sing,  and  Plur. drivan 

Present  Participle  druv(ven),  drov(ven) 

dreav 

Infinitive:  »         to  drive 

Weak  Conjugation 

Present  Indicative — Sing.  1     like         Plur.  like 

ii       2     likes  ii  like 

ii       3     likes  ..  like 


XXX 


PREFACE 


Preterite  Indie. — Sing,  and  Pair.  1,  2,  3  likt 

Future  »  „  ..  '11  (will)  like 

Present  Subjunct.  ..  ..  like 

Preterite      i.  ..  >•  likt 

Imperative — Sing,  and  Plural  like 

Present  Participle  likan 

Perfect  „  likt 

Infinitive  — .  to  like 

A  comparison  of  the  above  paradigms  show  that  the  inflexions 
are  identical  in  each. class  except  that  the  Strong  Verb  forms  its  Pre- 
terite Tense  Indicative  by  ablaut,  and  its  Perfect  Participle  by  ablaut 
and  (sometimes)  the  suffix  -an  or  -en  ;  while  the  Weak  Verb  forms  the 
same  tenses  by  the  addition  of  -t. 

The  remaining  variations — common  to  both  conjugations — con- 
sist in  the  suffixing  of  -a  to  form  the  2nd  and  3rd  Person  Singular  of 
the  Present  Indicative,  and  -an  to  form  the  Present  Participle. 

Formerly  there  was  usually  but  one  form  for  the  Present  Indica- 
tive, which  ended  in  -a ;  the  modern  conjugation  has  doubtless  been 
influenced  by  English  inflections.  The  "  Borrowdale  Letter  "  contains 
numerous  examples,  "  They  gits  lile  milk."     "  Ah  maks  mesel  easy." 

Strong  Verbs 

Infin.  Preterite  Perf.  Participle 

—  beer  bwore  bworn 

beet  beatt  beeten 

bid  bad,  beadd  bidden 

bide  beadd  bidden 

— '  bind  band,  bund  bund 

bite  beatt  bitten 

blaw  blew  blawn 

— -brek  brak  brokken 

— brust  brast  brussen,  brossen 

— 'dim  clam  clum,  climbt 

—  creep  crap,  creapp  croppen 

cum  com  cum,  cumt 

cut  cot  cutten 

drink  drank,  drank  drukken 


GRAMMAR 

Infin. 

Preterite 

Perf.  Participle 

-  drive 

dreavv 

druvven,  drovven 

feight 

fowt 

fowt,  fowten 

find 

fand 

fund 

-  fling 

flang 

flung 

fo' 

fell 

fo'en 

-freeze 

frwoze 

frozzen 

git 

gat 

gitten 

giv 

gev 

geen 

greapp 

(greappt) 

groppen 

greavv 

grov 

grovven 

grund 

grund 

grund,  grunded 

hide 

headd 

hudden 

~~-hing 

hang,  hung 

hang,  hung 

—hit 

hat 

hitten,  hotten 

hod 

held 

hodden 

kep 

(kept) 

keppen,  kept 

kest 

kest 

kessen 

lead 

(leadid) 

leaden 
loppeni.Howpt/ 

lowp 

lap 

mak 

(mead) 

makken,  meadd 

mistak 

misteakk 

misteann 

— put 

pot 

putten 

ride 

readd,  rwode 

ridden,  rwode 

riae 

reazz,  rwose 

ruzzen 

rive 

reavv 

rooven 

set 

set 

setten 

shak 

(shakt) 

shakken 

— -shut 

shot 

shutten 

~*sit 

sat 

sitten 

snaw 

snew,  snawed 

snawn,  snawed 

~  speak 

spak 

spokken 

spreed 

spred 

spredden 

*->  spring 

sprong 

sprung 

stand 

stant,  steudd 

studden,  steudd 

steel 

steall 

stown 

stik 

stak 

stukken 

stride 

streadd 

strudden 

XXXI 


PREFACE 

Preterite 

Perf.  Participle 

strak 

strukken 

streavv 

strovven 

swore 

sworn 

teakk 

teann 

twore 

tworn 

wan 

wun 

wand 

wund 

wreatt 

written 

xxxn 


Infin. 

"5*  strike 
—  strive 

—  sweer 
tak 

—  teer 

—  win 
— wind 

- —  write 

In  reading  the  foregoing  list  of  Strong  Verbs,  one  is  struck  by  the 
absence  of  regular  ablaut.  The  original  ablaut-series  appear  to  be 
completely  destroyed,  and  each  verb  follows  an  independent  course. 
The  tendency  is,  however,  to  form  the  preterite  in  a  or  ea  and  the  p.p. 
in  u  or  o,  no  matter  what  the  vowel  of  the  Infinitive  may  be.  Another 
point  is,  that  a  great  number  of  verbs  originally  strong  have  now 
become  weak,  and  many  of  those  which  still  retain  the  ablaut  forms 
have  also  a  second  form  belonging  to  the  weak  conjugation.  A  few 
verbs,  such  as  mak,  form  the  pret.  and  p.p.  by  a  combination  of  both 
methods ;  while  two  or  three,  such  as  fo',  show  contracted  forms. 


Irregular  Verbs 

Paradigm  of  Verb  TO  BE 


Present  Indicative — Singular      1  's,  iz 

Plur.  're,  are,  ur,  iz 

2  's,  iz 

.. 

're,are,ur,iz 

3  's,  iz 

ii 

're,are,ur,iz 

Preterite  Indie. — Sing.      1,  2,  3  was 

ii 

war 

Future         .,            ..              H        '11  (will)  be 

H 

'11  be 

Present  Subjunct.  Sing,  and  Plur.    1,  2,  3 

be 

Preterite       ..             N                ..          •• 

war 

Imperative — Sing,  and  Plur.            

be 

Present  Participle            

bean 

Perfect          »                   

been 

Infinitive           

to  be 

Paradigm  of  Verb  TO  DO 

Present  Indicative — Sing.     1     div,  deuh,  dee 

Plur. 

1     div,  deuh 

2     duz,  diz 

n 

2     div,  deuh 

ii       3     duz,  diz 

, 

3     div,  deuh 

GRAMMAR 


XXX111 


Preterite  Indicative — Sing,  and  Plur.      1, 

2,  3 

dud 

Future              ..                  ..              m 

11 

'11  (will)  deuh 

Present  Subjunct.               .1              n 

.. 

deuh 

Pret.              .r                      11              11 

11 

dud 

Imperative — Sing,  and  Plur.                 

deuh,  dee 

Present  Participle                  

deuhan 

Perfect         n         '       

deun 

Infinitive               

to  deuh,  to  dee 

Paradigm  of  Verb  TO  HAVE 

Present  Indicative — Sing.     1     hev,  hae 

Plur.   1 

hev,  heh 

..        2     hez 

,.       2 

hev,  heh 

3     hez 

„       3 

hev,  heh 

Preterite  Indie. — Sing,  and  Plur.    1,  2,  3 

hed 

Future         ..             ..                .,            ,. 

'11  (will)  hev 

Present  Subjunct.     .1                ..            .. 

hev,  heh 

Preterite       „           ..                ,.            n 

hed 

Imperative    ,.            „                „            ., 

hev,  heh 

Present  Participle                 

hevvan 

Perfect         h                          

hed 

Infinitive                

to  hev 

Anomalous   Verbs 

Pres.  Indie,  and  Subj.— Sing,  and  Plur.  1,  2,  3  may,  mun,  can,  will, 
Pret.      11  n  ,,  h  „      mud,  med,  cud,  wad 

TO   GO 

Present  Indicative — Sing.    1    gaa,  gang       Plur.    1   gaa,  gang 


..       2   gaaz,  gangs 

11       3   gaaz,  gangs 

Pret.  Indie— Sing,  and  Plur.  1,  2,  3     


Pres.  Subj. 
Pret.      „ 
Imperative        .. 
Present  Participle 
Perfect         .1 
Infinitive 


2  gaa,  gang 

3  gaa,  gang 

went,  ganged  (rare) 
[gaad  (rare) 

gaa,  gang 

went,  ganged  (rare) 

gaa,  gang 

gaan,  gangan 

gean 

to  gaa,  to  gang 


XXX IV  PREFACE 

In  the  paradigm  of  the  verb  to  be,  the  following  points  are  note- 
worthy. The  Present  Indicative  is  enclitic,  except  when  interrogative 
or  emphatic.  This  applies  to  both  numbers,  e.g.,  "  He's  here," 
Emphatic  "He  iz  here,"  Interrogative  "  Iz-he  here?"  Of  the  two 
forms  for  the  plural,  are  and  ur,  the  latter  is  used  in  familiar  or 
strongly  emotional  speech,  the  former  being  generally  reserved  for 
respectful  conversation. 


THE   ADVERBS 

That  large  class  of  Adverbs  formed  from  Adjectives  by  means  of 
the  suffix  -ly,  which  is  so  well  represented  in  English,  scarcely  exists 
in  the  dialect,  the  Adjective  itself  being  used  to  perform  both  the 
Adjectival  and  Adverbial  functions,  e.g.,  "  Ah  spak  middlin  sharp  tull 
im." 

The  negative  Adverb  nut  is  joined  to  the  Irregular  and  Anomalous 
Verbs,  "  He  dudNT  speak,"  "  Tom  wasNT  varra  weel,"  but  where  the 
Verb  is  enclitic,  as  in  the  Present  Indie,  of  to  be,  or  the  Present  Indie, 
of  will,  stands  alone.  Should,  however,  the  Verb  be  separated  from 
the  subject,  then  the  Adverb  is  joined  to  it,  thus,  "  Ah  wilbrr  gang," 
or  "  Ah'll  nut  gang  ";  "  They're  nut  seaf,"  or  "  They  urrNT  seaf." 

The  Prepositions  and  Conjunctions,  except  for  the  difference  in 
pronunciation,  are  the  same  as  in  English.  (See  long  list  in  Preface 
for  differences  in  spelling). 

SYNTAX 

The  syntactical  usages  of  the  dialect  do  not  vary  much  from 
those  of  English ;  a  few  points  are,  however,  worthy  of  mention. 

In  some  Nouns  whose  plural  is  usually  formed  by  mutation,  a 
plural  ending  in  -s  also  occurs  ;  but  a  distinction  is  often  drawn  be- 
tween them,  the  mutation-plural  being  used  collectively,  and  the 
plural  in  -s,  distributively,  e.g.,  "  Ah  hev  a  lot  o'  geese  " ;  but  "  Hoo 
many  geusEs  hes-te  1 "  The  double  plural  feets  is  also  found  in 
addition  to  feet  and  feuts. 

Another  curious  double  plural  is  found  in  waysis  =  ways,  "He 
tried  it  o'  waysis,  but  'twas  neah  gud." 


GRAMMAR  XXXV 

Owing  to  the  loss  of  inflections  in  the  Noun  many  constructions 
are  obscure,  and  can  only  be  rightly  understood  when  the  Pronoun  is 
substituted  for  the  Substantive. 

The  Accusative  is  used  in  some  cases  where  English  requires 
the  Nominative ;  thus  the  Accusative  Absolute,  the  Accusative  of 
Address  or  Vocative,  and  the  Exclamatory  Accusative. 

The  Accusative  Absolute  is  formed  by  the  Accusative  Case  and 
the  Present  Participle,  being  most  often  used  to  express  accompany- 
ing circumstances  or  condition.  "Yan  cudn't  varra  weel  say  nay, 
them  gaan  teuh."  The  Present  Participle  of  the  Verb  to  be  is  usually 
omitted  in  this  construction,  "Him  theer  teuh" — he  being  there  too. 

The  Accusative  Case  is  regularly  used  as  a  Vocative,  but  the 
word  min  (  =  man)  is  also  employed  as  a  general  form  of  address  to 
persons,  animals  or  things,  and  is  very  often  indicative  of  strong 
contempt,  or  occasionally  of  excitement  on  the  speaker's  part. 

In  Exclamations  the  Accusative  is  the  rule,  being  frequently 
used  with  the  Nominative  preceding  it  and  immediately  succeeding  it, 
thus  :  "  He  says  seah."     "  Him  !  He's  a  bonny  pistol  teh  lippen  till !  " 

The  distinction  between  the  use  of  ye  and  moo  is  well  marked 
by  dialect  speakers.  The  former  is  the  Pronoun  of  respect,  and  is 
used  by  all  in  addressing  superiors  in  rank  or  station,  and  by  children 
when  speaking  to  their  parents.  The  latter  is  employed  between 
friends  or  those  in  the  same  rank  of  life,  by  masters  to  servants,  and 
parents  to  children.  Thus  in  the  following  question  and  counter- 
question,  "  Ur  ye  gan  teh  t'fair? "  "  Mebbe,  is  thoo  gan  %  "  The  rela- 
tive position  of  the  two  speakers  is  clearly  defined ;  the  former  is  the 
servant  or  child,  the  latter,  master  or  parent. 

Thoo  is  also  used  to  express  contempt,  and  nothing  is  more  cal- 
culated to  rouse  a  Cumbrian's  ire,  than  to  be  thoo'd  by  an  inferior. 
I  remember  the  case  of  a  boy  who,  in  a  moment  of  forgetfulness  or 
pertness,  thoo'd  his  father,  and  was  soundly  thrashed  by  an  elder 
brother  for  so  doing. 

When  the  Demonstrative  Pronouns  are  used  with  the  Present 
Tense  of  the  Verb  to  be,  iz  is  used  for  both  numbers,  "  This'an's  neah 
gud,"  "  Theman's  iz  neah  gud." 


XXX  VI  PREFACE 

As  the  difference  in  form  between  the  Indicative  and  the  Sub- 
junctive Moods  is  well-nigh  obliterated,  it  is  difficult  to  trace  the  usage 
of  the  latter  mood,  but  judging  from  the  employment  of  the  few 
distinctive  forms  which  remain,  one  is  justified  in  asserting  that  the 
Subjunctive  regularly  obeys  the  following  rule — 

If  the  protasis  of  a  conditional  sentence  puts  forward  a  case 
which  has  not  been  fulfilled,  or  one  which  will  not  be  fulfilled  in  the 
future,  or  concerning  whose  fulfilment  doubt  exists,  the  Verb  of  the 
Protasis  is  in  the  Subjunctive  Mood.  The  Indicative  is  used  in  the 
Protasis,  when  the  condition  assumed  is  a  fact. 

The  following  sentences  emphasize  this  rule.  "  If  oor  Tom  coma 
he'll  gie  thee  a  weltin',''  "  Ay,  if  he  come,  he'll  deuh  greet  things  neah 
doot."  In  the  first  sentence  the  coming  is  regarded  as  very  probable, 
in  the  second  as  being  very  improbable. 

The  Future  Tense  which  is  now  formed  by  will  and  the  Infini- 
tive Mood,  was  formerly  expressed  by  the  Present  Tense  of  the  Verb 
to  be  and  the  Infinitive  Mood.  A  remnant  of  this  usage  still  lingers, 
but  is  fast  becoming  obsolete.  Instances  of  a  similar  construction 
are  common  in  Lowland  Scotch.  Examples  in  Cumbrian  are  "  When 
fadder  time  come,  we's  hev  to  shut  him  wid  a  car-saddle,"  "  Ah's 
bodder  them  a  gay  bit  yit." 

Also  the  Future  Tense  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  Present 
when  the  spoaker  is  unwilling  to  make  a  definite  statement,  e.g., 
"  Who's  owt  t'  dog  1 "     "  It'LL  be  oor  Tom's." 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  well  to  point  out,  that  the  Cum- 
brian's habitually  non-committal  attitude  is  frequently  indicated  by 
the  adoption  of  some  phrase  expressive  of  hesitation  or  doubt,  to 
accompany  expressions  of  opinion.  For  instance,  it  is  common  to 
hear  some  such  colloquy  as  the  following,  "  Ah  hear  thee  fadder's 
nobbut  middlin,"  "  Ay,  min,  Ah  doot  theer  neah  treuth  in't."  The 
second  speaker  does  not  wish  it  to  be  understood  that  he  is  sorry  his 
father  is  not  ill,  but  simply  adopts  the  customary  careful  form  of 
speech  for  what  he  knows  to  be  an  undoubted  fact.. 

In  sentences  expressing  "intention,"  " obligation "  or  "neces- 
sity," the  Active  Infinitive  is  substituted  for  the  Passive,  "  It's  nut 
to  bring  here."  «'T'  dog's  nut  to  trust"  (i.e.,  must  not  be  trusted). 
••  They're  nut  to  co'  clean.-' 


GRAMMAR  XXXVII 

Where  a  Preposition  or  Adverb  sufficiently  indicates  direction, 
the  Verb  expressing  the  motion  is  generally  omitted,  e.g.,  "  He  up 
an'  oot  o'  t'  hoose  "  =  He  got  up  and  hastened  out  of  the  house.  It 
must  be  added  that  where  this  ellipsis  takes  place,  there  is  implied 
the  additional  idea  of  haste  or  excitement. 


The  foregoing  sections  on  Phonology  and  Grammar  are  not 
intended  to  form  a  full  and  complete  review  of  these  subjects.  That 
portion  of  the  Phonology  dealing  with  the  Consonants  could  have 
been  extended,  and  the  same  might  be  said  of  the  Syntax.  But  the 
Cumbrian  treatment  of  the  Vowel  Sounds  appeared  to  me  to  be  the 
most  important  point,  since  the  methods  of  indicating  them  adopted 
by  writers  of  the  dialect  are  so  varied  and  often  inconsistent,  whereas 
the  consonants  are  less  liable  to  misrepresentation.  Moreover,  these 
latter  can  be  studied  by  philologists  just  as  well  from  the  written 
form,  as  if  they  heard  the  spoken  sounds ;  but  such  is  not  the  case 
with  the  vowels. 

Other  pressing  cares  have  limited  the  time  which  I  could  devote 
to  this  subject,  but  I  trust  that  my  labour  may  prove  of  interest  to 
all  who  love  the  dialect,  and  also  of  service  to  the  philologist  and 
student. 

S.  D.  B. 


In  order  to  add  to  the  usefulness  of  the  Glossary,  the  following 
list  of  current  or  ordinary  English  words  which  are  peculiar  only  on 
account  of  the  dialectic  pronunciation,  has  been  inserted. 

DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION    OF   THE   CURRENT 
OR   ORDINARY   ENGLISH  WORDS 


WORD 

GLOSSIC 

MEANING 

Aa'd, 

G 

AAD 

...     I  would  ;  I  had 

Aa'l, 

ii         

AAL 

...     I  will                      [ral 

Aapral, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

AA.PR'U'L 

...     April ;  formerly  gene- 

Aawgust, 

.. 

AAW.GU'ST 

...     August :  ditto 

Abba, 

G 

AAB.AA 

...     abbey 

Abeun, 

C,E 

U'BIUON 

...     above;  more  .than 

Abooan, 

SW 

U'BOOU'.N 

ii                n 

Aboon, 

NE 

U'BOO.N 

—         ii                n 

Afear't, 

G 

U'FEEU'.R'T        .... 

....     afraid 

Afeut, 

C,  E 

U'FIUOT 

....     afoot 

Afooat, 

SW 

U'FOOU'.T 

—         H 

Afit, 

N 

U'FIT 

ii 

Afoor, 

C.           ....... 

UTOOU'R* 

....     before;  in  front  of; 
in  preference  to 

Afwore, 

E.f  N.,  SW. 

U'FWAU.R 

.... 

Afoorhan, 

G 

.      U'FOOR-AAN      ... 

....     beforehand 

Afword, 

a,  e 

U'FWAU'.R'D     ... 

....     afford 

Ah, 

G 

AA 

....     I 

Arm, 

a,  e 

AAR'U'M 

....     arm 

Airm, 

N 

.       AEU'.R'M 

ii 

Akkern, 

G.           

.      AAK.R'U'N 

....     acorn 

Alean, 

ii            

.      U'LIAA.N 

....     alone 

Aleb'm, 

a,  e.,  sw. 

UXEBM 

....     eleven 

Aleeven, 

c 

U'LEE.VU'N 

.... 

Alongs, 

c 

..     U'LAANGS 

....     along;  used  in  old  deeds 

Amang, 

G 

.      U'MAANG 

....     among 

DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


XXXIX 


Ameast, 

0.,  sw. 

.       U'MIAAST 

..     almost 

Ameeast, 

N.,  E 

.      U'MIEST              

II 

Anndder, 

C.,E 

.      U'NOUDDH.U'R' 

another 

Anither, 

N 

.       U'NIDH.U'R'       

ii 

Ass, 

G.           

.      AAS                      

..     ask 

Ax, 

C,  E.     

.      AAKS                   

n 

Ex, 

SW.       

.       AKS 

.. 

Ast, 

G 

.      AAST                    

..     did  ask 

Awivver, 

G.           

.      OOIV.U'R' ; 

however 

U'WIV.U'R'    

it 

'Wuvver 

B.           

.      WUV.U'R'           

.. 

Ayder 

G.           

.       AE.DDHU'R'       

..     either 

Owder 



.      AUW.DDHU'R'..... 

n 

Owther 

N.           

.      AUW.DHU'R'     ..... 

ii 

Ayga, 

C,  SW.,  E. 

AEG.  A  A               

..     ague 

Yigga 

N 

.      IIG.U'                    

n 

Ayqual 

SW.       

.       AE.KWU'L. 

..     equal 

Aywas  :  see  Olas 


B 


Baal, 

N 

..       BAAL                   

.     bold 

Baum, 

G 

...       BAUM                   

balm 

Bad, 

., 

..      BAAD                   

bade 

Bed, 

ii            

...       BED                       

M 

Ballet, 

i.            

..      BAAL.U'T            

.     ballad 

Baltute, 

C 

..      BAAL.TIOOT      

.     the  Bald  Coot  bird 

Bellcute, 

.. 

...      BEL.KIOOT         

ii        n       n 

Ban, 

N.E 

..      BAAN                   

.     band 

Band, 

G 

..      BAAN                   

.     did  bind 

Beak, 

C 

..      BIAAK                 

.     bake 

Bear, 

C,  SW 

...      BEEU'R'               

.     bore,  did  bear 

Bwore, 

ii        

...       BWAUR'             

ii           ii 

Beur, 

c. 

...      BIUOR'                 

. 

Bear, 

I. 

..      BAER'  01'  BIAAR' 

bare 

Beath, 

C,  SW 

..       BIAATH 

.     both 

Beeath, 

N. 

....       BIETH                  

ii 

Baith, 

it            

...       BAETH                

ii 

x\ 


PREFACE 


Beeans, 

sw 

BEEANZ 

...     beans 

Beeldin', 

N 

.      BEEU'.LDU'N     .... 

...     building 

Beer, 

G 

BEEU'R' 

...     to  bear 

Beese, 

C,  N 

.      BEES 

...     beasts,  cattle 

Beeas, 

SW 

.      BEEAS 

... 

Begon, 

G 

.      BEEGAUN 

...     began 

Behint, 

ii            

BEI-INT 

...     behind 

Beh.odd.en, 

c,  SW 

.      BEEHAUD.U'N  ..... 

...     beholden 

Behadden,  n. 

BEEHAAD.U'N  .... 

ii 

Bela', 

sw 

BEELAA. 

...     below 

Belk, 

C,  N 

.      BELK 

...     belch 

Belliz, 

G 

.      BEL.IZ 

...     bellows 

Belluz, 

n            

.      BEL.UZ 

—          ii 

Bellt, 

N 

.      BELT 

...     bald 

Bennish, 

N 

.      BEN.ISH 

...     banish;  forbid  the  house 

Bet, 

G.           

.      BET 

...     did  beat 

Beuk, 

C,  N.,  E. 

BIUOK 

...     book 

Booak, 

SW.       

.      BOOU'K 

... 

Beurd, 

G 

.       BIUOR'D 

...     beard 

Beus, 

C.,N.,  E. 

BIOUS 

...     cow  stall 

Booas, 

SW.       

BOOU'S 

ii        ii 

Bent, 

C,  N.,  E. 

BIUOT 

...     boot 

Booat, 

SW 

.       BOOU'T 

M 

Bew, 

G 

.      BIOO 

...     bough,  branch 

Bu, 

it             

.      BOO 

H 

Beyble, 

NW 

.      BAEI.BU'L 

...     bible 

Beyont, 

G 

.      BEE.IAUNT 

...     beyond 

Beyt, 

NW 

.       BAEIT 

...     bite 

Bile, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

BAAIL 

...     boil 

Beel, 

N 

.      BEEL 

ii 

Binna, 

B 

.      BEEN.IT 

...     be  not 

Binsh, 

G 

.      BINSH 

...     bench 

Birk, 

„            

BUOR'K 

...     birch 

Burk, 



. 

it 

Bisky, 

ii             

.      BISK.I 

...     biscuit 

Bit, 



.      BIT 

...     but 

Bizzin\ 

B 

.      BIZ.U'N 

...     buzzing 

Bizzom, 

N.,E 

.      BIZ.U'M 

...     besom 

DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


xli 


Blaa,  sw blau;  blaa 

Bla,  N.         BLAA 

Blead,  &. bliaad 

Bleaken,  ..         .. blaak.U'N 

Bleam,  ,.         bliaam 

Bleeak,  sw.     bleeu'k 

Bleeat,  „       bleeut 

Bleet,  c,  e.    BLEET 

Bleight,  sw.     bla  ait 

Bleeze,  g.        bleez 

Bleud,  „         bliuod 

Bleum,  ,.         bliuom 

Bliss,  ii  BLIS 

Bo,  C,  E BAU 

Baa,  sw.     baa 

Bodder,  g.        bauddh.U'R' 

Boo,  c,  N.,E.  BOO 

Baww,  SW.       BAAW 

Book,  G.  BOOK 

Booky,  i.         book.i 

Bool,  C.  .- BOOL 

Booal,  N.,  E.,  SW.  BOOU'L 

Boonce,  a,  e.,  n.  boons 

Bawwnce,  sw bauwns 

Bowster,  g.        bauwstth.u 

Bowt,  ..         bauwt 

Brak,  h         br'Iak 

Brast,  i. BR'AAST 

Brist,  „  BRTST 

Brust,  ii BR'UOST 

Breeth,  c,  e.,  sw.  br'eeth 

Braith,  N.        br'aeth 

Brenth,  G.        br'enth 

Breiim,  „        brtuom 

Breuz,  c.,e.    brtuoz 

Briss,  c BR'is 

Breeze,  n br'EEZ 


blow 

blade 

blacken 

blame 

bleak 

ii 

blight 

blaze 

blood 

bloom 

bless 

ball 

bother 

bow,  bend 

H  ii 

bulk 

bulky 

bowl 

bounce 

ii 

R'  bolster 

bought,  did  buy  ;  a  bolt 

broke 

burst 

H 

ii 

breath 

breadth 

br  0  om — Sarotltam  n  us 

scojmrl 

bruise 


XJ11 

PREFACE 

Brig, 

G. 

....      BRIG                    

bridge 

Brocken, 

ii         

....      BR'AUKU'N        

broken 

Broon, 

n         

....      BR'OON                

brown 

Browte, 

n         

....      BR'AUWT           

brought 

Brudder, 

H         

....      BR'UODDH.U'R' 

brother 

Brither, 

N. 

....      BR'IDH.U'R'        

n 

Brumstan, 

C,  E.     ... 

....      BR'UOM.STU'N 

brimstone 

Brunstan. 

,  N. 

....      BR'UON.STU'N 

„ 

Brunt, 

G. 

....      BR'UONT             

burnt 

Brussel, 

.. 

....      BR'UOS.U'L         

bristle 

Bund, 

C,  E.     ... 

....      BUOND 

bound 

Bawwnd, 

sw.      ... 

....      BAAWND            

„ 

Bun, 

N. 

....      BUON  ;    BUN     

ii 

Buoy, 

B. 

....      BWAUI  ;  BHWAUI 

boy 

Burth, 

G. 

....      BUORTH             

birth 

c 


Caan't, 

C,  E 

..      KAANT 

cannot 

Canna, 

N 

..      KAAN.A 

., 

Caat, 

SW 

..      KAAT 

ii 

Caff, 

G 

..      KAAF 

chaff 

Caird, 

N 

..      KAEU'R'D 

card 

Cannel, 

G 

..      KAAN.U'L 

candle 

Car, 

ii            

..      KAAR' 

cart 

Car-hoos, 

C,  E 

..      KAA.ROOS 

cart-house 

C  arras, 

N 

..      KAAR'.U'S 

—           H 

Carran, 

G.  not  E. 

KAAR'.AN 

carrion 

Cassel, 

it            

..       KAAS.U'L 

castle 

Catch't 

ii            

..-    KAACHT 

caught 

Cawm, 

.:... 

..      KAUM 

calm 

Cay  shin, 

it       

..     kae.zhu'n;  kae.-      occasion 

SHU'N 

—          ii 

Cheeap, 

sw 

..      CHEEU'P 

....     cheap 

Cheeat, 

II              

..      CHEEU'T 

....     cheat 

Cheeny, 

G 

..       CHEE.NI 

china 

Channel, 

C,  E 

..      CHEN.U'L 

channel 

DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


xliii 


Chess, 

C,  E 

.      CHES 

chase 

Chass, 

sw.      

.       CHAAS 

M 

Cheas, 

N 

.      CHEEU'S              

II 

Chimla, 

C..SW 

.      CHIM.U'LU'         

chimney 

Chist, 

G.           

.       CHIST  ;    E.,  KIST 

chest 

Chirrup, 

C,  E.     

.      CHUOR'.UT        

chirp 

Chooaz, 

SW.,  E 

.       CHOOU'Z              

choose 

Chowk, 

C,  N.,  E. 

CHAUWK 

choke 

Chowl, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

CHAUWL  ;    JAUWL 

jowl 

Churry, 

C,  E 

.       CHUOR'.I             

cherry 

Chwose, 

G.           

.      CHWA.UZ            

chose  ;  E.,  did  choose 

Clammer, 



.      KLAAM.ITR'       

clamber 

Clavver, 

N.,  E.     

.      KLAAV.U'R'       

clover 

Cleath, 

C,  E.     

.      KLIAATH            

cloth 

Claith, 

N 

.       KLIAEUTH        

ii 

Cleean, 

SW.       

.       KLEEU'N             

clean 

Cleaz, 

C,  N.,  E. 

KLIAAZ               

clothes 

Cleeaz, 

SW.       

.      KLEEU'Z             

■I 

Cled, 

G.           

.      KLED                    

clad,  clothed 

Clim, 

ii            

.      KLIM                     

climb 

Clivver, 

C.,N.,  E. 

KLIV.U'R'            

clever 

Clood, 

G 

.      KLOOD                 

cloud 

Clot, 

C,  N.,  E. 

KLAUT                 

clod 

Clwose, 

G.           

.      KLWAUS             

close,  hot ;  to  shut 

Clooas, 

SW.       

.      KLOOU'S              

II                                 M 

Coald, 

C,  E 

.      KAULD 

cold 

Caald, 

N.,  NW. 

KAALD                

M 

Col, 

N 

.      KAAL                   

It 

Coave, 

C,  E.     

.      KAUV                   

to  calve 

Coaves, 

it        

.      KAUVS                

calves 

Codikel, 

C.           

.      KAU.DIKU'L       

codicil 

Cofe, 

G.           

.      KAUF                   

calf 

Coff, 

C,  E.     

.      KAUF                   . 

cough 

Cowgh, 

N 

.      KAUWH 

ii 

Consate, 

G.           

.      KAUNSAE.T       

conceit,  pride 

Coo 

C,  N.,  E. 

K00                       

COW 

Caww, 

SW.       

.      KAAW                 

II 

Coor, 

C.,N.,E. 

KOOU'R-               

cower,  crouch 

xliv 


l'HKFACE 


Curr,  c,  sw 

Cawwer,  sw.     

Cooter,  g 

Corp,  n.,  E 

Cot,  G 

Cowshin,  c,  n.    

Cawwshin,  E.,  sw. 

Cowshious,  c,  N 

Cawwshious,  E.,  sw. 

Coyds,  c 

Cranch,  G 

Crunch,  N 

Crater,  c,  n.,  sw. 

Creetur,  g.         

Creeater,  sw.      

Creukt,  G 

Crib,  a,  n 

Crub,  a,  n.,e. 

Kerb,  sw 

Cro,  a,  e 

Craa,  sw.,  nw. 

Crood,  G.        

Croon,  c,  N.,  E. 

Crawwn,  sw 

Crooner,  g. 

Crowl,  c,  n 

Crawwl,  e.,  sw.  .... 

Craal,  sw.     

Crub,  G. 

Crud,  n  

Cruddle,  >•  

Cwoam,  a,  E.,  sw. 

Keam,  n.,  e 

Cwol,  o.,  N.,  E. 

Cwoorse,  c,  n.,  e. 

Cawwrse,  sw 

Cwoort  cards,  g 

Cwoat    H  sw 

Cworn  creak,  g 


kuor'              cower,  crouch 

KAAWR'  

koo.tthu'R'    coulter  (of  plough) 

kaur'p          corpse 

KAUT                did  cut 

kauw.shu'N  caution 

KAAW.SHU'N   i. 

kauw.shus    cautious 

KAAW.SHU'S    

kauits            quoits 

KR'AANCH       craunch 

KR'UONCH         

krae.tthur' creature 

KR'EE.TTHU'R' 

KR'EEU'.TTHU'R' 

KR'iuoKT        ' crooked 

CR'UOB            curb 

KUOR'B                .. 

KR'AU             crow 

KR'AA  

KR'OOD            crowd 

KR'OON            crown 

KR'AAWN  

kr'OO.nu'R'     coroner 

KR'Au  wl        crawl 

KR'AAWL  

KR'AA.L              i. 

KR'UOB            crib,  manger 

kr'uod            curd 

kr'Uod.U'L      curdle 

kwaum          comb 

KIEM  

kwaul           coal 

kwuor'S         course 

KAAWR'S  

kwuor'.t  kaar'DZ  court  cards 

KWAUT  KAAR'DZ 

kwaur'N  KR'IAAK  corn-crako 


DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


xlv 


Daab,  G. 

Daarent,  c,  e.    .... 

Darna,  n. 

Dar,  daur,  .. 

Dawted,  c. 

Dwoted,  c,  e 

Dea,  c. 

Deuh,  c,  e.     ... 

Du,  sw 

Dee,  n.,  e.    .... 

Du, 

Dee,  g. 

Deed,  c,  n.,  e. 

Deead,  sw 

Deef,  c,  n.;  e. 

Deeaf,  sw 

Deddy,  c. 

Daddy,  sw.      .... 

Dady,  n. 

Deer,  c.         

Dooer,  c,  e.    

Deer,  n.,  e.,  sw. 

Deur,  M 

Deeth,  c,  N.,  e. 

Deeath,  sw.     ..... 

Derm,  g.        

Disgenerate,  c,  w. 

Disjest,  c,  e.    .... 

Din,  n. 

Divval,  a,  e.,  sw. 

Deel,  n. 

Deeval,  n.,  e.   

Diz, 

Dizzen,  n       

Dooal,  a,  sw 

Doon,  c,  N.,  E. 

Dawwn,  sw.     ..... 


D 

daab  daub,  bedaub. 

daa.R'U'nt  dare  not 

DAA.R'NU' 

daar'  dare 

dau.tit  doted,  foolish 

DWAU.TIT  

dee  :  see  Gloss.  do 

Diuo:         n  .. 

dioo  do 

DEE  ,. 

DU'  

dee  die 

deed  dead 

DEEU'D  

deef  deaf 

DEEU'F  .. 

ded.i  daddy,  father 

DAAD.I  ii  it 

DAED.I  

deer door 

DOOU'R'  ., 

DEEU'R'  

DIOOU'R'  „ 

deeth  death 

DEEU'TH  

f 

diuon  done 

disgen  U'R'AET  degenerate 

disjest.  digest 

din  dun  colour 

div.U'l devil 

DEEL 

DEE.VU'L  

diz  does 

diz.U'N  dozen 

dooux  dowel 

doon down 

DA.AWN  m 


xlvi 


PREFACE 


Doot,  C,  N.,  E. 

Dawwt,  sw. 

Dowter,  g. 
Dreak, 

ii 

Dreed,  c,  N.,  e. 

Dreead,  sw. 

Dridge,  g. 

Dro',  c,  e. 

Draa,  sw. 

Droon,  g. 

Droven,  c,  E. 

Druwen,       •• 

Drucken,  g. 

Drocken 

Dmv,  c,  N.    .. 

Dreuv,  ,. 

Dreav,  c,  n.,  E. 

Dud,  g. 
Dum, 

Dunnet,  ,. 

Dinna,  N. 

Durt,  g. 
Dusta, 

Dista,  G.  not  E. 


Earan,  g 

Eb'm,  Ebn,  .. 
Eckles, 

Edder,  n.,  e.,  sw. 
Ether,  „     „ 

Eals,  sw 

E'e,  g. 

Eeast,  sw 


doot               doubt 

DAAWT „ 

dauw.tthu'R' daughter 

driaak,  c drake 

DR'IEK,  N.,  E .. 

DR'EEU'K,  SW i. 

DR'EED            dread 

DR'EEU'D  

dr'ij               dredge,  sprinkle 

DR'Iu             draw 

DRAA                  „ 

DR'OON            drown 

DR'luv.U'N driven 

DR'UOV.U'N        

DR'UOK.U'N      drunken 

DR'AUK.ITN       

druov drove,  did  drive 

DR'IUOV 

DR'IAAV  ;    SW. 

DR'EEU'V 

DUOD                did 

duom              dumb 

duon.ut         do  not 

DIN.A  

duort dirt 

DUOZ.Tir            dOSt  lAlOU 

DIZ.TIT  

E 

EEU'.R'U'N        errand 

eb.U'M            even 

ek.uxz           hackles 

eddh.ur"        .....,..  adder 

EDH.U'R-             „ 

eeu'lz            eels 

ee                   eye 

eeu'st           easi 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


xlvii 


Eeat, 

ii        

..      EEU'T 

eat 

Eebnin, 

G.           

..      EE.BNIN 

evening 

Ibnin, 

M 

.      IB.NIN 

- 

Eernin, 

sw 

.      EEU'.R'NIN 

earning 

Efter-neun, 

G. 

..      EF.TTHUR- 

-NIUON 

afternoon 

Elebben, 

ii            

..       U'LEB.U'N; 
LEB.U'M 

LEB.U'N; 

eleven 

Ellar, 

ii            

..      EL.U'R' 

Alder  tree 

Enny, 

C,  E 

..       EN.I 

any 

Anny, 

SW 

..      AAN.I 

ii 

Onny, 

N.           

..      AUN.I 

» 

Er, 

G.  not  E. 

U'R'  (unemphatic) 

are 

Ur, 

C 

..     UOR'  (emphatic) 

it 

Ern, 

NE.        

..       ER'.U'N 

iron 

Esh, 

C,  E.     

..       ESH 

ash-tree 

Eysh, 

SW.       ..... 

..       AEISH 

n 

Est, 

N.,  E.     

..       EST 

nest 

Ey, 

G. 

..      AEI  ;    AAI 

aye,  yes 

Eyce, 

SW.       

..      AEIS 

ice 

Eydle, 

„ 

..       AEI.DU'L 

idle 

Fadder, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

FAADDH.U'R'    

.     father 

Fayther, 

N 

FAE.DHU'R'       ..... 

ii 

Fand, 

C,  E 

FAAND                

..     found 

Fund, 



FUOND                 

ii 

Fawwnd, 

FAAWND 

.. 

Fan ;  fun. 

N.           

FAAN;    FUON 

ii 

Farder, 

G 

FAA.R'DDHU'R' 

farther 

Fardest, 

ii            

FAA.R'DDHU'ST 

farthest 

Far  din, 

ii            

FAA.R'DIN         

..     farthing 

Fassen, . 

C,  E 

FAAS.U'N            

..     fasten 

Fause, 

N.,  E 

FAUS                    

..     false,  cunning 

Faver, 

C.,N.     .: 

FAE.VU'R'           

..     fever 

Feeaver, 

SW 

FEEU'.VU'R'       

M 

Faymish, 

G 

FAE.MISH           

..     famous 

Fedder, 

C,  N.,  E. 

FEDDH.U'R'        

..     feather 

xlviii 

PREFACE 

Feester, 

C.,B 

FEE.STTHU'R*    

.     fester 

Feg, 

C 

FEG                       

-     tig 

Fent, 

G 

FENT                    

.     faint 

Fewl, 

C 

FIUOL                   

.     fowl 

Feyt, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

FAEIT                  

.     fight 

Feght, 

N 

FEGHT                 

H 

Fift, 

G 

FIFT                      

.     fifth 

Finnd, 

ii            

FIND                     

.     find 

Fin, 

N 

FIN     •                    

ii 

Flang, 

G 

FLAANG              

.     did  fling 

Flannin, 

ii            

FLAAN.IN           

.     flannel 

Fleear, 

C,  N.,  SW. 

FLEEU'R'             

.     floor 

Fleur, 

G 

FLIOO.U'R'          

. 

Finer, 

SW.       

.      FLOO  U'R' 

. 

Fleer, 

N 

FLEER'                 

ii 

Flee, 

G 

FLEE                     

-    fly 

Fleea, 

FLEEU'                

-     flay 

Fleud, 

it            

FLIUOD                

.     flood 

Flick, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

FLIK                     

.     flitch 

Fleek, 

N 

FLEEK                 

. 

Flitter, 

NC 

FLITTH.U'R'       

.     fritter ;  fruit  cake  baked 
on  girdle 

Flo  oar, 

G ..', 

FLOO.U'R'            

.     flower,  flour 

Fo, 

C,  E 

FAU                      

.     to  fall 

Faa, 

N..SW 

FAA                      

ii 

Foat, 

G.           

.      FAUT                    

.     fault 

Fo'en, 

C,  E 

FAUN  ;    FAU.U'N 

fallen  ;  slaked  as  lime 

Faan, 

N.,  SW.. 

.      FAAN                  

ii                    it 

Foormest, 

G 

FOO.U-R'MU'ST 

.     foremost 

Fworemest,  g ; 

.      FWAUR'.MITST 

„ 

Foorside, 

FOOITR'-SAAID 

FWALTR,  C 

FAU.R*,  N.,SW 

.     foreside 

Forgat, 

G 

FU-R'GAAT         

.     forgot 

For  git, 



FU'R'GIT             

.     forget 

Forrat, 

C,  N.,  E. 

FAUR'.U'T           

.     forward,  straight 

Forrad, 

SW 

FAUR'.U'D          

ti              ii 

Fortneth, 

C.,E 

FAU.RTNUTH   

.     fortnight 

DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


xlix 


Fote, 

Faat,  sw 

Fourt,  G. 

Fower,  .. 

Fray,  c ,  E.,  sw. 

Frey,  n.,  nw. 

Frev,  c,  N.,  sw. 

Fred,  e.,  sw.,... 

Frexi,  c. 

Frind,  c,  e.    .... 

Freen,  n. 

Freet,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Freeght,  n. 

Freet,  c,  e.    .... 

Freeten,  G. 

Fruit,  if 

Fummel,  .. 
Fun :   see  Fand 

Fur,  G. 

Furm,  „ 

Furkin,  #., 

Furst,  g. 
Fwoorneun,  G. 

Fwoorseet,  G. 

Fworce,  ..         

Gammel,  G 

Gat,  m         

Gangs,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Gans,  n.        

Gaz,  g. 

Gez,  sw.      

Ge,  g. 

Gean,  a,  n.,  e. 

Geap,  g.        

4  • 


FAUT  fault 

FAAT  .. 

fauw.U'RT  fourth 

FAUW.U'R'  four 

fr'ae  from 

FR'AEI  ., 

fr'EV  ..     (Obsolesc.) 

FR'ED  freed 

FR'EN friend     ■ 

FR1N „ 

FR'EEN  .. 

freet  fright 

FR'EEGHT  „ 

FR'EET  ;   FR'ET  fret 

FR'EE.TU'N  frighten 

FR'IOOT fruit 

fuom.U'L  fumble 

FUOR' fir 

fuor*U'M  form,  a  long  stool 

fuor'.kin  firkin 

fuorst  first 

foo.U'RNIUON  ;  forenoon 

FWAU'R'NIUON 
FOO.U'R'SEET  ) 

fwau.R'  foresight 

fwaurs  force 

G 

gaam.U'L  gamble 

GAAT  got 

GAANG?  goes 

GAANS  m 

GAAZ  

GU'S  .       „ 

gi;  gee give 

giaan gone 

giaap gape,  yawn 


1 

PREFACE 

Geud, 

N 

GIUOD 

....     good 

Geiis, 

C,  N.,  E. 

GIUOS 

....     goose 

Gooas, 

sw 

GOOU'S 

.... 

Gev, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

GEV 

....     gave 

Gen, 

N 

GAE 

M 

Geyde, 

NW 

GAEID 

....     guide 

Gezlin, 

C,  E 

GEZ.LIN 

....     gosling 

Ghem, 

C 

GEM 

....     game 

Gam, 

E.,  NW. 

GAAM 

—         ii 

Gimlek 

C.           

GIM.U'LIK 

....     gimblet 

Gemlek, 

N 

GEM.LEK 

ii 

Gimlik, 

N.,  E 

GIM.LIK 

—           ii 

Gin, 

G 

GEEN 

....     given 

Girtins, 

N.           

GUORT.U'NZ      ... 

....     girthings 

Gi'tha 

G 

GITH.U' 

....     give  thou 

Gi'the't, 

"    

GITH.U'T 

....     give  thou  it 

Gitten, 



GIT.U'N 

....     got,  gotten 

Git  tan, 

G.  not  E. 

it                        — 

....     getting 

Giz, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

GIZ 

....     gives  ;  give  me 

Gees, 

N.           

GEEU'S 

.... 

Gleuv, 

ti             

GLIUOV 

....     giove 

Goon,- 

C,  N.,  E. 

GOOU'N 

....     gown 

Gawwn, 

SW 

GAAWN 

M 

Gowd, 

C,  N 

GAUWD 

....     gold 

Gran', 

N 

GR'AAN 

....     grand 

Grean, 

C,  E 

GR'IAAN 

....     groan 

Greean, 

SW 

GR'.EEU'N 

* 

Greane, 

N 

GR'IAEN 

.... 

Greap, 

C,  E 

GR'IAAP 

...     grope,  feel 

Greeap, 

SW 

GREEU'P 

.... 

Grape, 

N 

GR'AEP 

n 

Greav, 

G 

GR'IAAV 

....     grave 

Gree, 



GREE 

....     agree 

Greeaz, 

SW 

GR'EEU'Z 

....     grease 

Greet, 

C,  E.,N.,NW. 

GR'EET 

...     great 

Greeat, 

SW 

GR'EEU'T 

.. 

Gurt, 

c.          

GUOR'T 

,. 

Girt, 

N.,  E 

GURT 

—        ii 

4a 

DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


Grissle, 

C,  N.,  E. 

GR'IS.U'L             

gristle 

Grussle, 

N.,  E.     ... 

.....      GR'UOS.U'L 

II 

Grosser, 

G. 

GR'AUS.UR'       ...I... 

grocer 

Growe, 

C,  E.     ... 

.....      GR'AAW              

grow 

Grawe, 

ii 

....      GR'AUW              

ii 

Gmmmel, 

G. 

.....       GR'UOM.U'L 

grumble 

Grund, 

C„  E.     ... 

....       GR'UOND 

ground 

Grend, 

sw. 

.....      GR'END                

it 

Grin, 

N. 

.....      GRTN                    

ii 

Grim, 

„ 

....       GR'UON 

„ 

Grunstan' 

G. 

....      GR'UONST.U'N  

grindstone 

Gudge, 

C.,B.     ... 

GUOJ                     

gouge 

Gurth, 

C,  E.     ... 

....      GUOR'TH             

girth 

Gwoat, 

G. 

....      GWAUT               

H 

(See  under  H  in  Glossary) 

goat 

Haak, 

NE.,  SW. 

HAAK                  

hawk 

Hag, 

G. 

....      AAG                      

hack,  chop 

Hanker  an, 

C,  E.,  N. 

(H)AANK.U'RTTN 

a  longing,  hankering 

Hanklin, 

„       ... 

....       (H)AANK.LIN    

•1                  it 

Hankisher, 

C. 

....      AANK.ISHU'R'  

handkerchief 

Hankutcher,  n.,  e. 

HAANK.ICHU'R' 

ti 

Hant, 

G. 

....      AANT                   

haunt 

Hannel, 

ii 

....      AAN.U'L              

handle 

Hard, 

....       AAR'D                  

heard 

Heeard, 

.1 

....      EEU'R'D               

ii 

Harry, 

ii             

....       (H)AAR'.I            

harry,  rob 

Herry, 

N.,  E.    ... 

....      HER'.I                   

ii         tt 

Hash, 

C. 

....      AASH                   

harsh 

Haw, 

C,  E.     ... 

....      AU                         

haw 

Haa, 

SW. 

....      HAA                      

it 

Head, 

G. 

....      IAAD                    

hid 

Heud, 

.. 

....      IUOD 

it 

Heal, 

.. 

....      IAAL                    

whole 

Heam, 

....      C,  (H)IAAM  ;     N., 
HIAEM,  HIEM; 

home 

SW.,  HIAAM 

ii 

4  A 


lii 


PREFACE 


Heamly,  „         (h)iaam.li  homely 

Heams,  c,  e.,  sw.  iaamz  hames 

Yams,  b iemz  .. 

Hear,  g aer';  iaar'  hair;  hare 

Yarr,  n iaar'  N         .. 

Heast,  c,  E iaast.  haste;  hasten 

Hed,  g ed  had 

Hedder,  .,         eddh.u'R'  heather 

Hee,  c,  n.,  e.  ee  ;  hee  high 

Hey,  c.,sw aei  

Heeals,  sw heeuxz  heels 

Heeap,  „       heeut  heap,  a  good  many 

Heed,  g eed  head 

Heedy,  „         EE.DI  heady,  intoxicating 

Heerin,  „         (h)ee.R'U'N  herring 

Heet,  H         (h)eet  height 

Hekkap,  ■■         ek.ut  hiccough 

Hemmer,  n hem.U'R'  hammer 

Hencli,  a,  e.,  sw.  ench  haunch,  hip 

Hainch.,  n.        haench  ..         .< 

Hinch,  „         hinch  .,         ., 

Herd,  c,  sw uor'd  hoard 

Hes,  g.        (H)ES  has 

Hez,  n         (h)ez  n 

Het,  „         (h)et  to  heat,  hot,  heated 

Heat,  N         iaat hot 

Yat,  sw.     iet  „ 

Heukster,  a,  e iuok.stthu'R" huckster 

Hev,  g (H)ev  have 

Hay,  n hae  it 

Hevvent,  g (H)ev.U'NT  have  not 

Hennet,  n hen.ut  „ 

Hezzle,  g ez.U'L  hazel 

Hizzle,  n.        hiz.U'L  H 

Hide,  c,  e.,  sw.  (H)aaid  .......  hide 

Heyde,  n haeid  

Hilth,  g (H)ilth  health 

Hing,  „         (h)ing  hang 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


liii 


Hinmest, 

n         — 

..      IN.MU'ST             

.     hindmost 

Hindermest,  g.   . 

..      IN.DU'R'MU'ST 

. 

His-sel, 

G 

..      IZ-SEL                  

.     himself 

Hizzy, 

N. 

..      HIZ.I                     

.     hussy 

Ho, 

C. 

..      AU                         

.     hall 

Haa, 

N.,SW 

..      AA                        

. 

Hoald, 

C,E.     .... 

..      AULD;    AUL     

.     to  hold 

Hod, 

it          

..      AUD                      

ii 

Haald, 

sw 

..      AALD                   

. 

Had, 

N.           

..       HAAD                  

. 

Hodden, 

G 

..       AUD.U'N             

.     holden,  held 

Hoddit, 

C,  E.     ..... 

..      AUD.IT 

.     held 

Haddit, 

N.           

..      HAAD.T               

. 

Hofe, 

G.           

..      AUF                      

half 

Haf, 

N 

..      HAAF                   

n 

Hoo, 

G 

..       (H)OO                   

how 

Hoond, 

C,  E 

..      OON(D)                 

hound 

Hawwnd, 

SW.       ..... 

..      AAWND              

.. 

Hoon, 

N 

..      HUON                   

it 

Hun, 

n            

..      HOON                    . 

n 

Hoor, 

C,  E.     ..... 

..       OOU'E' 

whore 

Idle  hizzy 

,  N, 

..      AEI.DU'L  HIZ.I 

.. 

Hoosomivver,  g.     

.       OOSUOM(D)IV.U'R' 

however 

Hote, 

G.           

.      AUT                      

halt,  limp  in  walk 

Howe 

G.           

.      AUW                    

hoe 

Hudden. 

C,  N.,  E. 

HUOD.U'N           

hidden 

Humlock, 

C 

..      UOM.LU'K           

hemlock 

Hur, 

G.           

.      UOR'                      

her 

Hurd, 

C,  N.,  E. 

UOR'D              '     

herd 

Huz, 

c,  SW 

.      UOZ                       

us 

Hyvin, 

C,  N.,  E. 

(H)AAI.VIN 

ivy 

Ivin, 

it       

,, 

,, 

liv 


PKKFACE 


r,  g. 

Ice  shockle,  c,  e 

Ice  shoggle,  n 

Imma,  g 

Innam,  n 

Insure,  .1 

Irrant,  urrant,  G 

Ister,  g. 

Jamp,  G. 

Jeelas,  n.,  e 

Jeest,  c,  e 

Jyst, 

Jillet,  n. 

Jollop,  n.,  e 

Jome,  c,  e 

Jonas,  a,  e.,  sw. 

Jummel,         G 

Jwoke, 

Kay,  c,  N.,  e. 

Keah,  sw 

Keak,  0,  n.,  e. 

Keeak,        sw 

Keam :  see  cwoam 

Keap,  G 

Kear,  „         

Keas,  „  

Keckle  c,  e.,  sw. 

Keck,  n 

Keep't,  G 

Kennel,  .• 

Kerb :   see  Crib 


1 

u in 

aais  shauk.U'L  icicle 

AEIS  SHAUG.U'L 

eem.ah  in  me 

in.U'M  in  him 

inshoou'.r-     assure 

uor'.U'nt  „ are  not 

IS.TTHER'  is  there? 

J 

jaamp  jumped 

jee.lu'S  jealous 

JEEST  joist 

JAAIST  11 

JIL.U'T  jilt 

jaul.ut  jalap 

jaum  jamb 

jau.nu's  jaundice 

juom.U'l  jumble 

jwauk  joke 

K 

kae  key 

KEEU'  11 

kiaak  cake 

KEEU'K  

KiAAr  cape 

kiaar:  ;  e.,  kaer'  care 

kiaas  case 

kek.ux  cackle,  laugh 

KEK  11  n 

keept  kept 

ken.ul  cannel  coal 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


lv 


Kern, 

G. 

...      KUOR'U'N,  KUR'U'N 

churn 

Kersen, 

" 

...      KUOR'S.U'N,       

KUR'S.EN 

christen 

Keud, 

.1 

...      KIUOD                 

cud 

Keuk, 

M 

...      KIUOK 

cook 

Keul, 

II 

...      KIUOL                  

cool 

Kinnel, 

II 

...      KIN.U'L                

kindle,  ignite 

Kirk, 

c 

...      KUOR'K               

church 

Kurk, 

N.,SW.  --. 

...      KUR'K                 

ii 

Kist, 

G 

...       KIST 

a  chest 

Kneav, 

ii            — 

...       NIAAV                 

knave 

Kneaw, 

SW 

...      NIAAW                

knew 

Kneyf, 

NW.       .... 

...      NAEIF                  

knife 

Knonnot, 

C,  E.     .... 

...      NAU.NU'T           

know  not 

Knaanat, 

SW.       .... 

...      NAA.NU'T           

.., 

Kurnel, 

G 

...      KUO.R'NU'L        

kernel 

Kursty, 

ii             

...       KUO.R'STI           

L 

Christopher 

Ladder, 

G. 

...      LAADDH.ITR'    

lather 

Lang, 

ii             

...      LAANG                

long,  tall ;  to  long- 

for 

Lat, 

„ 

...      LAAT                    

lath 

Laylac, 

,i 

...      LAEI.LU'C           

lilac 

Lead, 

it             

...      LIAAD                 

load 

Leaf, 

n 

...      LIAAF                  

loaf 

Lwoaf, 

a,  n.  

..      LWA.UF                

.. 

Learn, 

G 

..      LIAAM                 

lame 

Leas, 

„             

..       LIAAS                  ....... 

lace 

Leastways, 

ii             

..      LEE.STWU'S      

leastwise 

Leat, 

it             

...       LIAAT 

late 

Leath, 

,. 

...       LIAATH              

loth 

Laith, 

N.           

..      LAETH                

n 

Leaydy, 

a,  e.  ..... 

..      LIAAD.l;    LIED.I 

lady 

Leddy, 

N 

..      LED.I                    

.. 

Leek, 

a,  e 

..       LEK                       

leak 

Ledder, 

G 

..      LEDDH.U'R'        

leather 

Ledge, 

ii             

..      LEJ     .                  

allege 

lvi 


1'i;i:face 


Lee,  ..         

Leear,  ••         

Leed,  C,  N.,  E. 

Leead,  sw 

Leet,  g.  (formerly  Leeght) 

Leeten,  G 

Leets,  c,  e.,  nw. 

Leyghts,  n 

Leetsom,  c,  e 

Leeve,  g 

Let'n,  it         

Leudge,  ••         

Leugh,  N 

Leuk,  c,  N.,  E. 

Leeak,  sw 

Leuv,  c,  N.,  E. 

Likken,  N.,  E 

Lin,  G 

Linnert,  c 

Lin-pin,  g 

Livver,  c,  E 

Lo',  c,  e 

Laa,  Ns.,  sw. 

Looance,  c,  E 

Lood,  g 

Loot,  „         

Gloot,  sw.     ,. 

Lot,  g 

Lowse,  ..         

Lwoase,  c 

Loss,  n.,  E 

Lurk,  g.        


lee  a  lie  ;  tell  a  lie 

leeu'R'  liar 

leed  lead  (metal) 

LEEU'D  i. 

leet  light,  to  alight 

lee.tu'N  lighten 

leets  lights,  lungs 

LAEITS  it  ii 

lee.tsu'M  lightsome  ;  cheerful 

leev  to  live 

LET.U'N  let 

liuoj  ;  lwatjj  lodge 

liuogh  laugh 

LIUOK  look 

LEEU'K  „ 

liuov  love 

laelku'N  liken,  compare 

lin  linen 

lln.u'R'T. linnet 

lin-pin  linch-pin 

liv.U'R'  deliver 

latj law  ;  low 

LAA  „  i, 

loo.U'NS  allowance 

lood  loud 

LOOT  lout 

GLOOU'T  

laut  ...  allot 

lauwz  loosen 

lwauz  to  lose 

LAUS  „       „ 

luork  lurch 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


Ivii 


M 


Ma, 

G.           

.      MU'                        

..     me 

Maa, 

N..SW 

.      MAA 

..     to  mow 

Maister, 

C,  N,  E. 

MAE.STTHU'R' 

..     master 

Mester, 

SW.      

.      MESTTH.U'R'     

ii 

Mair, 

C,  N.,  E. 

MAER' 

..     more 

Mear, 

SW.       

MEEU'R'              

. 

Mak, 

C,  E 

.      MAAK                  

..     make 

Meak, 

SW.       

MIAAK                

. 

Mek, 

N,  E 

MEK                      

ii 

Mander, 

a,  n.,  e. 

MAANDDH.U'R' 

.  maunder 

Mangrel, 

G 

.      MAANG.U'R'L 

-     mongrel 

Manner, 

a,  e.  

MAANU'R'         

.     manure 

Mainer, 

N.           

MAE.NUR'          

ti 

Manny, 

a,  sw 

.      MAAN.I                

.     many 

Menny, 

a,  e.  

MEN.I                   

n 

Monney, 

N. 

MAUN.l                

. 

Mappen, 

a,  sw 

.      MAAP.U'N          

.     may  happen 

Map'm, 

a,  e 

.       MAAP.U'M          

. 

Marcy, 

G.        

MAA.R'SI            

.     mercy 

Mart'nmas, 

a,  e.,  sw. 

MAA.R'TU'NMU'S 

Martinmas 

Mairtenmas,  n 

MAE.R'TU'NMU'S 

ii 

Martlemas,  N 

MAE.RTU'LMU'S 

„ 

Marvel, 

G 

MAA.R'VU'L       

.     marble 

Mash., 

a,  e.   

MAASH                

.     mass,  mess 

Mead, 

G.           

MIAAD                 

.     made 

Meal, 

ii 

MEEL;    MIAAL 

.     meal 

Mean, 

ii             

MIAAN                 

.     mane 

Measson, 

a,  e.   

mae.su'n;       

MIAAS.U'N    

.     mason 
ii 

Measst, 

a,  e.,  sw. 

MI  A  AST               

.     most 

Maist, 

N 

MIAEST               

ii 

Mebby, 

G.           

MEB.I                   

.     may  be 

Meean, 

SW 

MEEU'N 

mean 

Meeda, 

a,  n.,  e. 

MEE.DU' 

.     meadow 

Midda, 

sw 

MLD.U'                  

,. 

Meent, 

G. 

MEENT                 

meant,  did  mean 

Meer, 

II                

MEEU'R'              

.     mare 

lviii 


PREFACE 


Mennom,  c,  E 

Mesher,  nw 

Meud,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Meuz,  c,  E 

Mey,  nw 

Meyne,  ..        

Meyre,  ..       

Meyse,  ..       

Mezzer,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Mizzer,  n 

Mezzles,  c,  k,  sw 

Mizzles,  N 

Milkas,  G 

Millreet,  ..  

Minsh,  ..  

Mistakken,  a,  N.,  sw. 

Mistean,  G. 

Moat,  c,  E 

Maat,  sw.     

Moatster,  c,  e 

Maatster,  sw 

Monnish,  g.,  not  E. 

Moold,  c,  e.    

Mawld,  sw,     

Moose,  a,  N.,  E. 

Mooas,  sw.     

Mawse,  ..       

Moot,  G 

Moont,  sw.  (Gosforth) 

Mowd,  G. 

Mudder,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Mither,  N 

Minny,  .. 

Mummel,  G 

Mure,  „  

Mwornin,  c,  ne. 

Morrnin,  sw 


men.U'M  minnow 

mesh.U'R*  messenger 

MIUOD  mood;  mud 

miu'oz       •  muse 

maei  my 

maein  mine 

maeir'  mire 

maeis  mice 

mez.U'R'  measure;  measurement 

MEEZ.U'R'  

mez.uxz measles 

MIZ.U'LZ  

milk.U'S;  milk-house,  dairy 

MEELK.U'S  

mil.R'EET  millwright 

minsh  mince 

mistaak.itn  mistaken 

MISTIAAN  ., 

maut  malt 

MAAT  

mau.tstthu'R  maltster 

MAA.TSSTHU'R 

maunish  money 

moould  mould 

MAUWD 

moos  mouse 

MOOU'S  h 

MAUWS  

moot  moult 

MOONT  

mauwd  soil,  mould 

muoddh.U'R  mother 

MITH.U'R'  

MIN.I  

muom.ux  mumble 

mioou'r  moor 

mwau.R'NIN  morning 

MAUR'.NIN  


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


lix 


Mwotes,  c,  e.    .... 

Myld,  c. 

Meyle,  nw.     .... 

Mysert,  e.,nw 

Meyser,  nw 

Nar,  g. 

Ner,  n 

Narder,  g. 

Narer,  g.  not  e. 

Nearder,  N    .... 

Nerrer,  n 

Narvish,  g 

Nayder,  „         

Nowder,  c,  e 

Nowther,  n 

Neah,  c,  e..  sw. 

Neaa,  sw 

Naa;  Nee,  N. 

Neabody,  c,  E.    ..... 

Naebody,  n 

Neak't,  g 

Neam,  .,  

Neavvel,  c,  e 

Nebber,  c,  sw 

Nayber,  c,  sw.,  e. 

Nieber,  n 

Neeadles,  e.,  sw. 

Neen,  n.        ..... 

Neyne,  nw 

Neest,  

Neet,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Neeght,  n 

Nessle,  g 

Neuk,  c,  n.,  e. 

Neeak,  sw 


mwauts         motes,  dust 

maaild  ;  maeild  mile 

MAEIL                  „ 

maei.su'R'T     miser 

MAEI.ZU'R'         

N 

naar' near 

NER'                     „ 

naa.R'DDHU'R'  nearer 

NAA.R'U'R' 

NEEU'.R'DDHU'R'  ,. 

NER'.U'R1             n 

naa.rwish     nervous 

nae.ddhu'R'   neither 

NAUW.DDHU'R'  .> 

NAUW.DHU'R' 

neeu';  nau    no,  nay 

NIAA                    m       .. 

naa;  nee       „     h 

neeu'.baudi  nobody 

NAE.BAUDI        

niaakt           naked 

niaam name 

niaav.U'L       navel 

neb.U'R' neighbour 

NAE.BU'R' 

NEE.BU'R';         h 

NIEB.U'R'       '..  .1 

neeu'.duxz needles 

neen               nine 

NAEIN                 ., 

c,  niest  ;  n.,  neest  next 

neet               night 

NEEGHT  

nes.U'l nestle 

niuok             nook 

NEEU'K               „ 


Ix 


PREFACE 


Neun,  c,  N.,  E. 

Neean  sw.     ... 

Nevvy,  c,  e.    ... 

Newe,  sw.     ... 

Nibbleties,  n. 

Nin,  c,  E 

Nean,  n. 

Neean,  sw. 

Nivver,  g 

Nobbet,  n 

Nockles, 

Noo,  c,  N.,  E. 

Naww,  sw 

Nowder,  g. 
Nowte, 

Nawwt,  sw 

Nut,  G 

Nit,  sw 

Nwotion,  g 

Nwotish,  „ 

Nwose,  H 

O',  c,  N,  E. 

Aa,  sw 

O',  G. 

Oald,  c,  e 

Oal,  Aal,  N 

Aad,Aald,sw 

Oan,  g 

Aan,  sw.     

Offen,  g 

Oft,  C,  E.,  SW. 

Offish,  g. 

Offskeum  „         

Ofter,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Ofner,  n 


niuon noon 

NEEITN  ri 

nev.i  nephew 

neeoo  new 

nib.uxtiz  novelties 

nin  none 

NIAAN  

NEEU'N  i. 

niv.U'R'  never 

naub.ut  nothing  but,  only 

nauk.U'LZ  knuckles 

noo  now 

NAAW  „ 

nauw.ddhu'R'  neither 

nauwt  nothing 

NAAWT  „ 

nuot  not 

NIT  ., 

nwau.shu'N notion 

nwau.tis  notice 

nwauz  nose 

o 

au  all 

AA  n 

U'  of 

A.ULD  Old 

AUL,    AAL  ., 

AAD,    AALD  ,. 

aun  own 

A.AN  

auf.u-n often 

AUFT  ,, 

auf.ish office 

AUF.SKUOM  OffsCUm 

auf.tthu'R'  oftener 

AUF.NU'R'  


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


lxi 


Okart,  c,  e.,  n. 

Aakart,      sw 

Olas,  c,  e.    

Aalas,         sw 

Aalwas,  N.        .."..... 

Aywas,  .,         

O'geats,      m  

Onder,  G.  See  Anonder, 

Onta,  G. 

Oor,  c,  n.,  e. 

Awwer,      sw 

Oot,  G 

Awwt,  sw.      ....... 

Oppen,  Op'n,  g.       

Op'm  .,         

Orchat,  c,  sw 

Worchat,   n.        

Wotchat,    e 

Applegarth,  n.    

O'riddy,  c,  E    

Aariddy,     sw.     

O'ruddy,     N 

Owe,  G 

Owder :  see  Ayder 

Ower,  a,  E.,  n. 

Oor,  sw. 

Owt,  g 

Palterly,        c 

Par,  c,  sw. 

Parfit,  g.         

Perfit,  N.        

Parral,  g.  not  e. 

Parshal,  ■■    

Peace,  g.        

Peal,  c,  n.,  e. 

Peeal,         sw.     


au.ku'R'T  awkward 

AA.KU'RT 

au.lits  always 

AA.LU'S  n  " 

AA.LWU'S  

AEI.WU'S  

AUGIAATS  

uonddh.U'R'  under 

aun.tu'  onto;  upon;  unto 

oou'R'  our;  hour 

AAWU'R'  ..             " 

OOT  . OUt 

AAWT  i, 

aup.U'N  .; open 

AUP.U'M  ii 

au.R'CHU'T  orchard 

WAU.R'CHU'T   

WAUT.CHU'T  

AAP.U'LGAAR  TH  m 

aur'UOD.i  already 

AAR'IDI  ii 

AUR'UDI  

au  to  owe 

auwu'R'  over;  too  much 

OOU'R'  

auwt  anything,  aught 

p 

paal.tthu'R'LI  paltry 

paar'  pair 

paar'Fit  perfect 

PEE.R'FIT  „ 

paar'.U'L  peril 

paa.R'SHU'L  parcel 

pees  appease 

peel  appeal 

PEEU'L „ 


lxii 


PREFACE 


Pearch,  g peeur'CH;      pierce,  penetrate 

PIUOR'CH 

Peast,  m         piaast  paste 

Peav,  „         piaav  pave 

Pedder,  »         peddh.U'R'     pedlar 

Pether,  n pedh.U'R'        .. 

Peer,  a,  N.,  sw.  peer'  appear 

Peer,  c.        peer'  poor 

Peur,  N.,  E.     PEEU'R' 

Pooar,  sw poour'  „ 

Peer,  g peeur'  pear 

Peercock,  b peeu'.R'kIuk peacock 

Pent,  G pent  paint 

Peype,  nw paeip  pipe 

Pez,  pays,  c,  n.,  e.  paez  peas 

Peeaz,  sw peeuz  

Pick,  G pik  pitch 

Pike,  n         paaik  pick 

Pleague,  ne plieg  plague 

Pleas,  g.        pliass  place 

Pled,  m         pled pleaded 

Plizzant,  n         pliz.itnt        pleasant 

Pleesant,  n plee.zunt     ., 

Plennish.,  g plen.ish         replenish,  to  stock 

Plezzer,  c,  sw. plez.U'R'         pleasure 

Pleeshur,  n.        plee.zhur'    .. 

Plizzer,  e.,  nw.  pliz.U'R'         

Plivver,  n.        pliv.ur' plover 

Ploom,         c.  (obsolesc.)  ploom  ..".....  plum 

Plu',  c,  e.,  sw.  plioo  plough 

Pleugh,  N PLIOOGH  

Plowmb,  sw plauwm         plumb 

Poo,  g poo  pull,  pluck 

Pooder,  c,  e poo.ddhu'R'    powder 

Pawwder,  sw pAaw.ddhu'R'  .. 

Poother,  n poo.dhu'R'      .. 

Pool,  C,  N.,  E.  PIUOL  pool 

Poo,  SW POO  h 


DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


lxiii 


Porpas, 

ii 

Portcher, 

G 

Possinger, 

sw.      

Pot, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

Pat, 

N.           

Pottak, 

c  (obsolesc.) 

Powl, 

C.  N.,  E. 

Powe, 

SW. 

Powny, 

Gr.                

Praytha, 

C,  E.     

Prent, 

G 

Prentas, 

» 

Preuf, 

ii             

Preuve, 

it             

Preyce, 

NW.      

Preyde, 



Preyme, 

ii            

Prizzent, 

G.           

Pmzent, 

G.  not  E. 

Fulpot, 

G.           

Pun', 

O,  N.     

Pund, 

E.           

Pawwnd. 

SW 

Punfoald, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

Punfaal, 

N.          

Putt  en, 

G.           

Puzzen, 

„             

Pwoke, 

ii             

Pwort, 

E.,  NW. 

Queyt, 


pau.rtu'S  •  purpose 

pau.r'CHU'R'  poacher 

paus.inju'R'  porringer 

paut  did  put 

PAAT  

paut.U'k  pocket 

pauwl  pole:  see  Gloss. 

PAUW  .. 

pauw.ni  pony 

PR'AE.THU'  prithee 

PR'ENT  print 

PR'EN.TU'S ;  apprentice 

PRTNT.US  

priuof  proof 

PR'iuov  prove,  try 

PR'AEis  price 

pr'aeid  pride 

PR'AEIM  :  prime 

PR'iz.U'NT  present 

PR'UOZ.U'NT  ., 

PUOL.PAUT  pulpit 

puon  pound 

PUOND  „ 

PA.UWND  .. 

puon-faul(d)  pin-fold,  cattle  pound 

PUON-FAAL  ii  .. 

puot.u'n  put,  p.  part,  of  put 

puoz.u'n  poison 

pwauk  .- a  poke  or  bag 

pwaurt  port 

Q 

kwaeit  quite 


lxiv 


PREFACE 


Raa,  sw 

Raw,  n.,  E 

Rackon,  g 

Rageous,  c,  n.,  e. 

Rail,  sw 

Rammel  G. 

Rashleet,       c,  sw 

Reshleet,   N.,  e 

Reace,  g 

Read,  c,  e 

Read,  sw 

Reud,  n 

Rwode,        ,.  

Reak,  g 

Reap,  n         

Reav,  .1  

Reav,  c,  e 

Ruv.  H       

Reaven,         g 

Reaz,  it         

Reuz,  H 

Riz,  G.  not  E. 

Ruz,  N.  

Rebbat,  g 

Ree-a-zan,      sw 

Reed,  g. 

Rid,  G.  not  E. 

Rud,  „    

Reeden,  g 

Reest,  c 

Reet,  <;. 

Wareet,G.  (seldom  used) 
Reet,  g 

Reeght,      n 

Resk,  G.  not  E. 


R 

raa  row  of  booths,  stall 

R'AU  ii                 n               •• 

•R'AAK.U'N  reckon 

R'AE.JU'S  outrageous 

R'Ial  rowel,  seton 

r'aam.ul ramble 

R'AASH.LEET  rushlight 

R'ESH.LEET  .. 

riaas  race 

r'iIad  rode 

R'EEU'D  

R'lUOD  

R'WAUD 

R'lAAK;  sw..  rake 

R'EEU'K  

rtaap  rope 

R'lAAV  to  rave 

R'iaav  rove,  tore 

R'UOV  

R'IAAV.un     raven 

R'IAaz  arose,  arisen 

R'lUOZ;  R'UOZ. i. 

R'lZ  „ 

R'UOZ  n             ii 

R'EB.U'T ;  RiB.U'T  rivet 

R'EEU'.zu'N  reason 

R'EED  red 

RID  

R'UOD  

R'EE.DU'N  redden 

R'EEST  arrest 

R'EET  right;  put  aright 

WU'R'EE.T  

R'EET  Wright 

R'EEGHT  n 

R'ESK  risk 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


lxv 


Reud,  M         

Reuf,  n         — 

Reut,  c,  e.   ..... 

Reeat,    (  sw 

Rute,  n 

Reyde,  nw 

Reyme,  ..        — 

Riddy,  g. 

Ruddy,  c,  e.    

Rin,  n . 

Ringe,  c,  e 

Rist,  G. 

Rust,  G.  not  E. 

Rit,  c,  n.    ..... 

Roan,  G.        

Roap,  ..  

Ron,  c.         

Roo,  sw 

Rowe,  e.,  nw. 

Roond,  c,  e.    

Rawwnd,  sw.     

Roon',  n. 

Roostit,  c,  e 

Rost,  

Rwost,  

Rove,  c.        

Rovven,  g.        

Ruvven,  c,  N 

Rowe,  .I      

Rowl,  g 

Rowe,  c,  e.    

Raa,  n.,  sw. .... 

Rudden,  g.        

Ruff,  c,  sw 

Ruft,  E.,  B.,  NW. 

Rummel,  g.        

Rummish,  ..         

5  • 


inuoD  rood 

R'lUOF  roof 

R'lUOT  root 

R'EEU'T  „ 

R'UT  ., 

R'AEID ride 

R'aeim rhyme 

R'id.i  ready 

R'UOD.I  ., 

R'lN  run 

R'iNJ rinse 

rist  rest ;  repose 

rtjost .,  n 

rit  rut 

R'Iuw.in  roe 

R'AUP  rape  seed 

R'AUN  did  run 

R'oo  row  with  oars  . 

R'AUW  ii  ii 

R'OOND  round 

RAAWND  n 

R'OON  ii 

R'OO.stit  rusted 

R'aust,  c,  N roast 

R'OOU'ST,  SW.  „ 

R'WAUST,  C,  N.,  E.  .. 

r'auv  did  rive 

R'AUV.U'N  rivven,  torn 

R'UOV.U'N  i.  ii 

rauw  roll 

R'AUWL  m 

R'AUW  raw 

R'AA  .. 

R'UOD.U'N  ridden 

R'UOF  ruft"  at  cards 

R'UOFT  ii 

R'UOM.U'L  rumble 

R'UOM.ish  rummage,  ransack 


lxvi 


PREFACE 


Russel,  n         

WllSSel,  G.  not  E. 

Rissel,  ii     

Rwoad,  c,  n.,  e. 

Rooad,  sw 

Rwoar,  c,  n.,  e. 

Rooar,  sw 

Ryne,  G 

Sal,  g 

Sallant,  a,  e 

Saan't,  sw 

Sanna,  sannat,  n.,  e. 

Sallar,  G.        

Sampleth,  ..         

Sang,  it         

Sarmaxi,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Sarmant,  e 

Sartenty,  G 

Sarvant,  n         

Sarvice,  .,         

Sattle,  h         

Saxon,  sw 

Scar,  G.        

Scoald,  c,  e 

Scaald,  sw 

Scaal,  N.        

Scode,  C,  e 

Scaad,  n.,  sw. 

Scooar,  c,  N.,  e. 

Scool,  ii    

Scoor,  i.     

Scawer,  sw 

Scope,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Scap,  n 

Scovver,  •«         


R'UOS.U'L        wrestle 

WUO.R'SEL        ii 

R'IS.U'L                •• 

R'Waud          road 

R'OOU'D               i. 

R'WAUR'         roar 

R'OOU'R'  

r'Aain;  R'AEIN  rein 

s 

saal               shall 

saal.U'NT       shall  not 

SAANT                 ii 

SAAN.U';   SAAN.UT 

saal.U'R'        cellar 

saam.pluth samplar 

SAANG                SOng 

saa.R'MU'N     •  sermon 

SAA.R'MU'NT     n 

saa.rtu'nti  certainty 

saa.rwu'NT    servant 

saa.r'VIS        service 

saat.U'L         settle 

saa.ksu'N sexton 

skaar'           scare 

SKAULD              SCOld 

SKAALD              ii 

SKAAL                i. 

skaud            scald 

SKAAD                ii 

skoou-r'         score 

SKOOL                  SCOWl 

skoour'         scour,  cleanse 

SKAUWUR'       i.               ii 

skauwp         scalp 

SKAAP                ii 

skauv.ur'     discover 


DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


lxvii 


ScOWp,  G 

Scrammel,  m         

Screap,  .. 

Screuf,  c,  e.    

Scrimmish,  ft,  n.,  e. 

Scrummage,  N.,  e. 

ScruffLe,  G 

Sea,  ii         

Sae,  n. 

Sean,  sw.     ..... 

Seak,  g 

Seal,  i,         

Seamm,  t,         

Seapp,  .. 

Seav,  „         

Searent,  c,  b.    ..... 

Sebben,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Seb'm,  ,,    

Seeven,  n.        

Sec,  g 

Seek, 

Seckin',  ..         

Seek-like,  .. 

Seeal,  sw 

Seeat,  .,        

Seed,  ..        

Seeght,  n 

Seek,  g.        

Seem,  ..         

Seet,  p.,  e.,  sw. 

Seeght,  n 

Sel,  g. 
Selt, 

Sen,  n.        

Sen,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Sin  seyne,  n 

Syne, 

Setten,  g.        ..... 

5. A 


skauwp  scoop,  scope 

skr'AAMU'L    scramble 

skriaap  scrape 

skr'IUOF  scurf 

skr'IM.ish  scrimmage,  skirmish 

SKR'UOM.U  „  „ 

SKR'UOF.U'L SCUffle 

SEEU'  SO 

SAE  .. 

seeu'  sea 

siaak  sake 

siaal  sale 

siaam  same 

siaap soap 

siaav  save 

see.R'U'NT  seared 

seb.U'N  seven 

SEB.U'M  i, 

SEE.VU'N  

SEK  SUCh 

sek  :.  sack  [cloth 

sek.in  sacking  of  hempen 

sek-laaik  such-like 

seeu'L  seal 

seeu'T  seat 

seed  saw 

SEEGH  Sigh 

seek  sick 

seem  beseem,  become 

seet  ,  sight 

SEEGHT  h 

sel  self 

SELT  SOld 

sen  send 

sen  since 

SIN  SAEIN  ;    SAAIN  .. 

SAEIN  ;    SAAIN  ., 

set.U'N  set,  did  set 


lxviii 


PREFACE 


Setterday,  .,         setth.ur'DAE  Saturday 

Seun,  c,  e.,  n.  siuon  soon 

Seean,  sw seeu'N  

Seut,  g siuot  soot 

Shak,  C,  E.,  sw.  shaak  shake,  a  shaking 

Shek,  n.,e shek  ..             h 

Shak,  c,  N shaak  shook,  shaken 

Sheak,  ■,       shiaak  

Shak't,              n    E shaak.t  shake  it 

Shap,  c,  E shaap shape 

Sheap,  e.,  sw. shiaap  ., 

Shep,  n.        shep  

Shavs,  G SHAAVZ  sheaves 

Sheavs,  ..         shiaavz  .. .. 

Shavvins,  c shaav.inz  shavings 

Sheavins,  n shiaav.inz  

Shevvins,  n.,  e shev.inz  

Sheam,  G shiaam  shame ;  be  ashamed  of 

Sham,  ., shaam  „                  „ 

Shem,  n shem  „                 „ 

Sheear,  sw sheeu'R'  share 

Shill,  G shil  to  unshell 

Shippert,  c.,E ship.U'R'T  .......  shepherd 

Shooar,  sw shoou'R'  shore 

Shooar,  c,  n.,  e.  shoou'R'  shower 

Shawwer,  sw.     shaawu'R'  

Shooder,  g shoo.ddhu'R' shoulder 

Shool,  c,  n.,  e.  shoou'l  shovel 

Shooal,  sw shoou'l  ., 

Shoor,  c,  e shoou'R'  sure 

Suer,              „      sioo.U'R'  .. 

SW.,  SEEWU'R' 

Seer,  n seeu'R'  

Seur,  „        siuor'  

Shoot,  c,  n.,  e.  shoot  shout 

Shawwt,  SW SHA.AWT  „ 

Shot,  g shaut  did  shut 

Shottel,  n shaut.ux  schedule 


DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


Ixix 


Shrump, 

c 

SHR'UOMP          

.     shrimp 

Shuk, 

it         

SHUOK                

shook 

Sheuk, 

C.,E 

SHIUOK               

. 

Shun, 

ii          

SHUON                 

.     shoes 

Shoon, 

N. 

SHOON 

■I 

Sidders, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

SIDDH.U'R'Z      

.     scissors 

Sheers, 

N 

SHEER'Z             

ii 

Sillaly, 

c.,sw 

SIL.U'LI               

.     sillily 

Siller, 

N 

SIL.U'R'                

silver 

Simmer, 



SIM.U'R'               

.     summer 

Sing- el, 

C,  E 

SING.U'L              

.     single 

Siplin, 

N.,  E. 

SIP.LIN                

saplin 

Skeap, 

C,E 

SKIAAP               

.     escape 

Skearce, 

G. 

SKIAAR'S           

.     scarce 

Skeat, 

C,  E.,  N. 

SKI  A  AT               

.     skate  fish 

Skeet, 

C.,SW 

SKEET  ;    SKIAAT 

„ 

Skelf, 

E 

SKELF                  

.     shelf 

Skell, 

C,  E 

SKELL                  

.     shell 

Skeul, 

..    N. 

SKIUOL                

.     school 

Skooal, 

SW.       .. 

SKOOU'L              

. 

Skreek, 

G 

SKR'EEK             

.     screech,  scream 

Skrike, 

H                  

SKR'AAIK 

ii              ii 

Slaa, 

N.,  SW... 

SLAA                    

.     slow 

Slat, 

G 

SLAAT                 ........ 

.     slit,  split 

Slavver, 

G 

SLAAV.U'R'        

.     slobber,  saliva 

Slevver, 

N 

SLEV.U'R' 

ii           n 

Slea, 

C. 

SLIAA 

.     sloe 

Sleaa, 

E,SW 

SLEEU'                

n 

Slee, 

N 

SLEE                    

.1 

Sleak, 

„ 

SLIAAK  ;    SLIEK 

slake,  quench 

Sleat, 

G 

SLIAAT               

slate 

Skleat, 

N.,  E 

SKLIAET             

,. 

Sleek, 

G 

SLEK                    

slack 

Slee, 

N 

SLEE                     

sly 

Sleep't, 

C,  E 

SLEEPT 

slept 

Slenk, 

G. 

SLENK                 

slink 

Slowp, 

C.,E.     

SLAUWP             

slope 

Shimmer, 

G.          

SLUOM.U-R'        

slumber 

lxx 

PREFACE 

Smeeth, 

c 

.      SMEETH 

...     smooth 

Smee, 

N 

.      SMEE 

... 

Smeuk, 

C.,N.,  E. 

SMIUOK 

...     smoke 

Smeeak, 

SW 

.       SMEEU'K 

ii 

Reek, 

C,  N.,  E. 

R'EEK 

... 

Smiddy, 

G 

.      SMID.I 

...     smithy 

Smo, 

C,  E 

.      SMAU 

...     small 

Smaa, 

N.,8W 

.      SMAA 

n 

Sna, 

C,  N.,  SW. 

SNAA 

...     snow 

Sneel, 

G 

.      SNEEL 

...     snail 

Snew, 

C,  N.,  E. 

SNIOO 

...     snowed 

Snaat, 

SW 

.       SNAAT 

... 

Snwoar, 

C.,N.,E. 

SNWAUR' 

...     snore 

Snoor, 

SW 

.      SNOOU'R' 

M 

So, 

G 

.      SA.TJ 

...     sow  corn,  etc. 

Saa, 

N.,  SW 

.      SAA 

•i 

Soam, 

G 

.      SAUM 

...     psalm 

Soave, 

ii            

.      SAUV 

...     salve 

Soo, 

C,  E 

.      SOO                       

..     sough  of  wind 

Sough., 

N 

.       SAUWGH 

... 

Sook, 

C,  E 

.       SOOK 

...     suck 

Swuk, 

N 

.      SWOOK 

ii 

Soond, 

C.,  E 

SOOND 

...     sound 

Sawwnd, 

SW 

.      SAAWND 

H 

Soon, 

N 

.       SOON 

ii 

Soop, 

C.           

SOOP 

...     sweep 

Soup, 

N.           

SAUWP 

... 

Soople, 

a,  n.,  e. 

SOOP.PU'L 

...     supple,  flexible 

Soor, 

II 

SOOU'R 

...     sour 

Sawwer, 

SW 

SAAWU'R' 

ii 

Sooth, 

G 

SOOTH 

...     south 

Sositer, 

c 

SAUS.ITTHU'R'..... 

...     sausage 

Saasiter, 

N,SW 

SAAS.ITTHU'R' 

ii 

Sote, 

C.,E 

SAUT                    

..     salt 

Saat, 

N.,  SW 

SAAT  ;    SAAT 

r, 

Sowe, 

G 

sauw  ;  sioo  

..     to  sew 

Spak, 

a,  e.,  sw. 

SPAAK                

spoke,  spake 

Speak, 

,i  

SPIAAK 

n           ii 

Spok, 

N 

SPAUK 

ti           ii 

DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


lxxi 


Spead, 

G. 

Speeak, 

sw. 

Spetch, 

G. 

Spar, 

ti 

Specks, 

it 

Speckets. 

,     « 

Spenticles,,, 

Glasses, 

M 

Speke, 

C,  N. 

,E. 

Speeak, 

SW. 

Speun, 

C,  N. 

,E. 

Spooan, 

SW. 

Spiddick, 

G. 

Spinnel, 

ii 

Splat, 

n 

Splitten, 

M 

Spreckel't, 

C,  E, 

,SW. 

Spreed, 

C,  N.; 

,E. 

Spreead, 

SW. 

Squinsh.es, 

G. 

Stack, 

ii 

Steeak, 

SW. 

Stait, 

C,  E., 

SW. 

Steat, 

N. 

Stakker, 

G. 

Stakkery, 

.. 

Stan, 

n 

Stang, 

-t 

Steng, 

N. 

Steable, 

0,  N., 

E. 

Steak, 

G. 

Steal, 

C,  E., 

SW. 

Steul, 

N. 

Stean, 

G. 

Steapel, 

C,  E. 

Stapple, 

SW. 

Steeple, 

N. 

Steel, 

C,  E., 

SW. 

Steyle, 

NW. 

spiaad  spade 

speeitk  speak 

spech patch  on  shoe,  etc. 

spaar'  spare,  save 

speks  .. spectacles 

SPEK.U'TS ii 

SPENT.IKU'LZ  , i, 

GLAAS.IZ  ii 

speek  spoke  of  wheel 

SPEEU'K  ii 

spiuon  spoon 

SPOOU'N  ii 

SPLD.IK  Spigot 

spin.U'L  spindle 

splaat  did  split 

split.U'N  being  split 

split.U'N  speckled 

spr'eed  to  spread 

SPR'EEU'D  ii 

squinsh.iz quinsey 

STAAK  Stuck 

STEEU'K  ii 

staet  estate 

STIAAT  ii 

staak.U'R-  stagger 

staak.U'R'I  staggery  from  drink 

st  a  an  stand 

staang  to  sting,  stung 

STENG  ii                   ii 

stiaab.U'L  stable 

stiaak  stake,  steak 

stiaal  stole 

STIUOL  ii 

stiaan  stone 

stiaap.U'l  staple 

STAAP.U'L  ii 

STEE.PU'L ., 

steel  stile 

STAEIL  ., 


lxxii 


PREFACE 


Steud, 

Stead, 
Steul, 
Steeal, 
Stibble, 
Stiddy, 
Stob, 
Stoot, 
Stown, 
Strack, 

Streak, 
Strangly, 
Strea, 

Streaa, 

Stree, 
Streav, 

Straive, 
Streen, 
Streetan, 
Strenth., 
Streuv, 
Strinkle, 
Strop, 
Strowl, 
Studden, 
Stur, 
Stwory, 

Stooary, 
Styan, 

Steyne, 
Su, 

Sewe, 

Soo, 
Su, 
Sud, 

Suddent, 
Sugger, 
Summat, 


C,  E.,  N. 

sw.     .. 

C,  N.,  E. 
SW.       .. 


STIUOD 

STEEU'D 

STIUOL 

STEEU'L 

STIB.U'L 

STID.I 

STAUB 

STOOT 


stood 

it 

stool 

stubble 
steady 
stab 
stout 


stauw.U'n  stolen 

str'aak  struck,  did  strike 

STR'IAAK  h  i. 

str'Aang.li  strongly 


C STR'EEU' 

E.,  SW STR'EEU' 

N 

C,  E 

N. 

G 


C,  N.,  E. 

G. 

C,  E.     .. 

G. 

C,  N.,  E. 
SW.       .. 

c. 

NW. 

C,  E.     .. 

SW.       .. 

N. 

G. 


straw 


STR'EE 

ii 

STRTAAV 

...     strove,  did  strive 

STR'AEV 

... 

STR'EEN 

...     strain;  to  distrain 

STR'EET.U'N      .... 

...     straight ;  straighten 

STR'ENTH 

...     strength 

STRIUOV 

...     strove 

STR'INK.U'L       .... 

...     sprinkle 

STR'AUP             .... 

...     strap 

STR'AUWL 

...     stroll 

STUOD.U'N 

stood 

STUOR' 

...     stir 

STWAU.R'I 

...     story,  an  untruth 

STOOU'.RT 

n              M 

STAAIN 

...     stye  on  eyelid 

STAEIN 

it 

SOO  ;    SIOO 

...     a  sow 

SIOO 

ii 

SOO 

i.                       [sew 

SIOO;    SAUW    .... 

...     did  sow  ;  did  sew;  to 

SUOD 

...     should 

SUOD.U'NT 

...     sudden  ;  should  not 

SUOG.U'R' 

...     sugar 

SUOM.UT 

...     somewhat,  something 

DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


Ixxiii 


Swag,  m SWAAG 

Swally,  .,         swaal.i 

Swolly,       .,         swaul.i 

S  willy,  ne.      .. swil.i 

Swang,  C,  N.,  E.  SWAANG 

Swear,  c,  e swiaar- 

Sweep't,  g.        sweept 

Soop't,  N.  SOOPT 

Sweer,  g.        sweeitr' 

Sweet,  „         sweet 

Swet,  c,  e.,  sw.  SWET 

Swat,  NW.      SWA  AT 

Swey,  c,  n.,  e.  swaei 

Swinge,  c,  e.    swinj 

Swirrel,  c swir'.U'l 

Swirt,  g swuort 

Swoak,  .,         swauk 

Swober,  „         swau.bu'R 

Swodger,  c.        swauj.ur- 

Sowjer,  n sauw.jur' 

Swol,  C SWAUL 

Sooal,  N.,  SW.  SOOU'L 

Sworn,  C SWAUM 

S  worry,  g swaurm 

Swilft,  ..  SWUOFT 

Swum,  c swuom 

Soom,  n. soom 

Swim,  „         swun 

Swurd,  G  SWUOU'R'D 

T 

Ta,  c,  e TU' 

Tee,  c.        tee 

Th.00,  C,  E.,  N.  DHOO 

Too,  C TOO 

Thaww,  SW.      THAAW 


to  sag 

to  swallow 

ii 
did  swing 
swore 
swept 

swear 

sweat,  to  sweat 

did  sweat 

it 
swing,  sway 
singe 
squirrel 
squirt 
soak 
sober 
soldier 

ii 
sole  of  foot 

did  swim 
sorry 

swift,  rapid 
swim 

swoon 
sword 

thee,  thou 


lxxiv 

PREFACE 

Tak, 

c,  sw 

.      TAAK 

....     take 

Tek, 

N.,  E 

.       TEK 

11 

Teak, 

SW 

TrEK 

II 

Taylear, 

C,  SW 

.      TAE.LIU'R' 

....     tailor 

Teaylear. 

,    N.,  E . 

TAEI.LIU'R' 

—        ii 

Teaa, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

TEEU"  ;   TIAA  .... 

....     toe 

Teabbel, 

C,  N.f  E. 

TIAAB.U'L 

....     table 

Tead, 

G 

.      TIAAD 

...     toad 

Teah, 

SW 

.       TEEU' 

...     tea 

Teak, 

c 

TIAAK 

...     took 

Teuk, 

C,  E 

.      TIUOK 

—       ii 

Tuk, 

C,  N 

.       TUOK 

n 

Teal, 

G 

TIAAL 

...     tale 

Team, 



TIAAM 

...     tame 

Teast, 

n             

TIAAST 

...     taste 

Tedder, 

ii             

.       TEDDH.U'R' 

...     tether 

Tee, 

ii    not  E. 

TEE  J    TIUO 

...     too 

Tu, 

SW.       

TEEW 

n 

Teeght, 

N 

TEEGHT 

...     tight 

Teeram, 

C,  SW 

TEE.R'U'M 

...     term 

Tarm, 

N. 

TAAR'M 

ii 

Tearm, 

N.,  E.     

TEEU'.R'U'M       .... 

—        M 

Telt, 

G 

TELT 

...     told 

Tern, 

q,  sw. 

TEM 

...     them 

Thaim, 

N 

DHAEM 

—         ii 

Ter, 

G 

TTHU'R' 

...     there 

Te-sel, 



TEE-SEL 

...     thyself 

Teuf, 

C,  E 

TIUOF 

...     tough 

Teugh, 

N 

TIUOH 

... 

Towgh, 

SW 

TAAWH 

... 

Teun, 

G 

TIUON 

...     tune 

Teuth, 

ii            

TIUOTH 

...     tooth 

Teydy, 

NW 

TAEI.DI 

...     tidy 

Teyt, 

ii 

TAEIT 

..     tight 

Teym, 

it         

TAEIM 

...     time 

Teyny, 

ii         

TAEI.NI 

...     tiny 

Teyth, 

it         

TAEIDH 

..     tithe 

Teytel, 

ii         

TAEI.TU'L 

..     title 

DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


lxxv 


Than,  G.        dhaan 

That'un  ..         dhaatu'n 

Thack,  c,  e thaak 

Theak,  sw.     theeak 

Theek,  n.,  e theeak 

Thee,  g.        .. dhee 

Theeaf,  sw theeut 

Theer,  a,  e.,  n.  dheer' 

Thear,  sw pheeu'R' 

Thenk,  g thenk 

Thimmel,  t.         thim.u'l 

Thummel,  *  not  e.  thuom.u'l 

This'n,  G.        dhis.U'N 

Tis'n,  *         tis.u'N 

Thoom,  ii         thoou-m 

Thoo's,  C,  E.,  N.  DHOO.U'Z 

Thawws,  sw dhaaws 

Thoosan',  c,  N.,  E.  thoou'.zan 

Thawwsan',  sw thaaw.zan 

Thowe,  c ,  N.,  E.  THAUW 

Thaww,  sw.     THAAW 

Thaa,  ..       thaa 

Thowte,  g         .. THAUWT 

Thrang,  ,.         thr'Aang 

Thrast,  .. thraast 

Thrist,  ii    not  E.  THR'IST 

Thraw,  „         thrau 

Thraa,  sw thr-aa 

Threav,  c,  e thr'iaav 

Threed,  c,  n.,  e.  threed 

Threead,  sw thr'EEU'd 

Threeten,  g thr'ee.tun 

Thresh wurt,  c thr'esh.wu 

Threshurt,N.        thres.u'rt 

Thribble,  c,  n.,  sw.  thrib.U'l 

Thrimmel,  G thr'IM.U'L 

Trimmel,  .,         tr'im.ul 

Throssan,  c,  e.,  sw.  thraus.U'N 

Thmssan,  n.        thr'UOS.U'N 


then 

that  one 

thatch 

ii 

ii 

thine,  thy 

thief 

there ;  there  is 

M  n 

thank 

thimble 

ii 

this  one,  this  thing 

thumb 

thou  shalt 

ii 

thousand 

thaw 

thought 

a  throng;  busy 

did  thrust 

ii 

throw 

throve 

thread 

threaten 

rt  threshold 

treble 

tremble 

thrust  (p.  part.) 


Thunner, 

G 

.      THUON.U'R' 

...     thunder 

Thurd, 

C,  N.,  E. 

THUOR'D 

...     third 

Thurty, 

C,  E 

.      THUOR.TI 

...     thirty 

Thairty, 

N 

.      THAEU'.RTI      .... 

... 

Tice, 

G 

.      TAAIS;    TAEIS  ... 

...     entice 

Timmer, 

ii             

.      TIM.U'R' 

...     timber 

Tip, 

C,  E 

.       TIP 

...     tup 

Teup, 

N 

.      TIUP 

... 

Tiper, 

C,  E.     

.      TAAI.PU'R' 

...     toper 

Teyper, 

N.,  NW. 

TAEI.PU'R" 

... 

To', 

C 

.       TAU 

...     tall 

Ta', 

SW,  NW. 

TAA 

n 

Tocken, 

G.  not  E. 

TAUK.U'N 

...     taken 

Tukkan, 

C.,  SW.  

.      TUOK.U'N 

ii 

Tean, 

C,  SW.,  E. 

TIAAN 

H 

Teen, 

N 

.      TIEN 

n 

Togidder, 

G 

.      TU'GIDDHITR-   .... 

...     together 

Toke, 

C 

.      TAUK 

..     talk 

Taak, 

NW.,  SW. 

TAAK 

.1 

Tooa, 

c 

TOOU' 

...     two 

Twee, 

N.           

TWEE                   

H 

Tweea, 

N.,  E.    

TWEEU'              

II 

Tooar, 

G.           

TOO.U'R'               

..     tower 

Tool, 

C 

TOO.U'L 

..     thou  wilt 

Thou'l 

N,  E 

DHOO.U'L            

.. 

Thawwl, 

SW 

DHAAWL           

ii 

Torn, 

n 

TAUR'N               

..     turn 

Tottle, 

E.           

TAUT.U'L            

..     toddle 

Towerts, 

C,  N.,  E. 

TAUW.U'RTS    

..     towards 

Torts, 

SW 

TAURTS 

„ 

Travvish, 

C,  E.     

TR'AAV.ISH       

..     traverse 

Tread, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

TRIAAD              

..     trode 

Treud, 

N 

TR'IUOI) 

•i 

Treas, 

G 

TRTASS               

..     trace 

Treed, 

it            

TREED                

..     tread 

Tret, 

ii             

TRET1                   

..     treated 

Treuth, 

ii             

TR'IOOTH 

..     truth 

Tr  inkle, 

H 

TR'INK.UX 

..     trickle 

DIALECTIC   PRONUNCIATION 


Ixxvii 


Troff,  c,  e.    .. 

Trowff,        sw.     

Trowh,        n         

Trooan,  c,  E.    

Trowan,      n.        

Trooin,  a,  e.    

Trowan,      n.        

Troot,  c,  e.,  n. 

Trawwt,     sw.     

Trummel,       G.        

Tudder,  ,.         

Tummel,         ..         

Turmat,  c,  N.,  rare  in  e. 
(rarely  Turmap)     

Turna,  c.         

Torna,         sw.     

Laa  man,     ..        

Turney,       n.,  e 

Tush,  c,  N.,  E. 

Tosh,  sw.     

Twill,  g 

Twilt,  ..         ....... 

Twult,         n 

Twonty,  „ 


Udder,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Ither,  N. 

-un,  -an,  g 

Unpossible,  „  

Unregnlar,  ,.         

Unsarra't,  c,  n.,  e. 
Up-hod,  uppoad,  g. 

Apod,  e.,  sw 

Up-had,  n. 

Upo',  c,  N.   .... 

Urrant,  c 


TR'AUF            trough 

TR'AUWF  

TR'AUWGH        „ 

TR'OO.U'N         truant 

TR'AUW.U'N      

TR'OOIN           . trowel 

TRAUW.U'N      

tr-oot             trout 

TR'AAWT  

tr.uon.U'L      trundle 

tuoddh.U'R'   the  other 

tuom.u'L         tumble 

tuor'.mut      turnip 

tuo.R'NU'        attorney 

TAILR'NU'  

LAA  MAAN        

TUO.R-NI  

tuosh             tusk 

TAUSH                i, 

TWIL quill 

twilt             quilt 

TWUOLT  

twaunt.i       twenty 

u 

uoddh.U'R'     other 

ITH.U'R'               „ 

U'N                  one  (baddan — bad  one) 

uonpaus.U'BU'L  impossible 

uonr'EG.lu'R' irregular 

uonsaar'.ut unserved 

utau.d          uphold 

UTAUD               „ 

U0P-AAD            h 

uop.au            upon 

UOR'.U'NT        are  not 


lxxviii 


PREFACE 


Ventersom,  g 

Varjis,  c,  E 

Varraly,  c 

"Varment,  c,  E 

Varra,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Varry,  n 

Varse,  G 

Varst,  ,.         

Veeal,  sw 

Wa,  G 

Wa,  c 

"Wa,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wid,   c.  (before  h  or 
'  vowel)  

Wi,  e,sw 

We,  N. 

Wud,  n.  (before  h  or 
vowel)  

Wuth,         n 

"Waad,  c,  sw... 

Weayd,      n.,  e 

Wad,  G 

Wake,             c,  e.,  sw. 
Wan,                 G,  not  E. 
Wand,  c,  e 

Wan,  n 

War,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wor,Wur,N 

Ward,  g 

Wark, 

Wareet,  „ 

Warld,  Waareld,  c,  sw. 

Wardle,      c,  sw 

Warl,  Wurl,  n 


V 

ventth.U'R'SU'M  venturesome 

vaa.rjis  verjuice 

vaar'.uxi  verily,  truly 

vaa.R'MU'NT  vermin 

vaar'.a  very 

Vaarm  ., 

vaars  verse 

VAARST  vast 

veeu'L  veal 

w 

wu'  we 

waei  why,  well 

wu'  with 

WID  

WEE  

WEE „ 

WUOD  

WUOTH  .. 

waed  wade 

WAEID  „ 

WAAD  WOUld 

waek  weak 

waan  won,  did  win 

waand  did  wind 

WAAN  h 

waar'  were 

WUR"  n 

WAAR'D  award 

waar'k  work 

wu'R'EE.t  right ;  rarely  heard 

waarxd  world 

WAA.R'DU'L  ii 

WAAR'L,   WUOR'L 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATION 


Ixxix 


Warmness,  G 

Warse,  ..         

Waar,  ..         

Waiter,  it         

Waiter  crashes,  c 

Weage,  n.,  e.    

"Weeage,  sw.     

"Wear,  n.,  e.   

"Weast,  c.        

"Weayst,  n.,  e.    

Wedder,  g. 

Weddit,  .         ....... 

Wed't,  n.        

Weel,  g.        

"Weer,  .,         

Well,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wol,  n 

Wesh,  c,  n.,  e. 

Weysh,  sw.,  nw. 
Weyd;  Weyf;   Weyl ; 

Weyn,  nw. 

We't,  e.,  sw 

Whack,  g 

Whaker,  c,  n.,  e. 

Whart,  n 

Whatsomivver,  g 

Whedder,  g. 

Wheem,  e.,  b.    

Whel,  e 

Whiet,  g.        : 

Whilk,  „         

Whishin,  Quishin,  o,  e. 

Whushin,  n 

Whisk,  g 

Whissel,  c,  e„  sw. 

Whussel,  n.,  e.    


waa.R'U'MNU'S  warmth 

waar'S worse 

WAAR  

waatth.U'R' water 

w.  kr'Iash.iz  water  cress 

wiaej             wage 

WEEU'J               n 

wiaar'           .- wore 

wiaast          waste  ;  the  waist 

wiest            ..             „ 

weddh.U'R"    weather ;  wether 

wed.it            wedded 

wedt  

weel             well  (adj.) 

weeur-          , wear 

wel                weld 

WAUL                  ii 

wesh              wash 

WEAISH  

waeid  ;  waeif,  etc.  wide ;  wife ;  wile ;  wine 

weet with  it 

waak             a  blow,  thwack 

wae.ku'R' Quaker 

hwaart        quart 

WAATSUOM(D)IV.- 

U'R."  whatsoever 

weddh.U'R'    whether 

hweem           whim 

wel                while,  whilst 

hwaai.U'T      quiet 

wilk which 

wish.U'n        cushion 

hwuosh.in     

wisk              whist 

wuos.U'L        whistle 

HWUOS.U'L        


lxxx 


PREFACE 


Whissenday,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Whussenday,  n 

"White,  c,  e 

Wheyte,  nw 

Who,  c.  (E.  toW.) 

Whee,  n 

Wheea,  N.,  E 

Whaa,  sw 

Whoar,  a,  E 

Wheer,  n 

Whaar,  e.,sw 

Who-ivver,  c 

Whaa-ivver,  sw. 

Whee-ivvur,  N.,  E. 

Whol,  c,  N.,  E. 

Whom,  g 

Whup,  „         

Whurry,  c 

Widder,  g 

Willn't,  c,  e 

Winnet,        „       ....... 

Ween't,         „       

Wullent,  n 

Winna,  „         

Wunna,  „         

Wilta  ?  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wulta?  n 

Wi'ma,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wu'ma,  n 

Wind,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Win',  N 

Wun,  „         

Winsh,  c,  E 

Wisp,  c,  e.,  sw. 

Wusp,  n 

Wissel,  Wizzel,  g 

Wnzzel,  e.,  b 

Wizzen't,  g 


wis.U'NDAE  Whitsuntide 

HWUOS.U'NDAE 

waait  white;  quite 

HWAEIT  i. 

wau  who 

HWEE  

WEEU'  

WAA  ii 

waur'  where 

HWEER'  ii 

WAAR'  ii 

wau.iv.U'R'  whoever 

WAA-IV.UR'  .. 

HWEE-IV.UR'  i. 

waul  hole 

hwaur'U'N  horn 

wuop whip 

WUORM  wherry 

widdh.U'R'  wither 

wil.U'NT  will  not 

win.ut  ., 

WEEU'NT  

WUOL.U'NT  .. 

WIN.U'  ii 

WUON.U'  

WILT.U'  wilt  thou? 

WUON.U'  ii 

wim.U'  with  me 

WUOM.U'  .. 

WIN(D)  wind;  to  wind 

WIN  .,  •• 

WUON  .,  ii 

winsh wince 

wuosp wisp 

WUSP  .. 

wiz.ux  weasel 

WUOZ.U'L  .. 

wiz.U'NT  wizened 


DIALECTIC    PRONUNCIATIONS 


lxxxi 


Wo',  C,  N.,  E. 

Waa,  sw 

"Woath,  N.,  E 

Wolb,  n 

"Wokan,  g ~ 

Wole-eyed,  ., 

Woo',  c,  n.,  E. 

Oo',  c.        

Ooa,  sw.     

Worchat :   see  Orchat 
Worder,  c,  n.,  e. 

Ooerder,     sw.     

Wordy,  g 

Worniment,  e.,  nw. 

Wostler,         n.,  e.    

Wrang,  G. 

Warang,      ..     (seldom 

heard) 

Wreat,  c,  e.    .r 

Wreyt,  nw 

Wrout,  c,  e.    

Wull,  N.        

Wummel,       G.        

Wurd,  „         

Wurn,  Werren,  E 

Wusset,  g 

Wut,  n 

Wuvver  :   see  Awivver 


wau  wall 

WAA  ii 

wauth  oath 

waub  web 

wau.ku'N       awake,  waken 

waul-aait;  wau-  wall-eyed 

AAIT 

woo  wool 

00  

00U'  

wau.R'DDHU'R'  order 

OOU'R'.DDHU'R- 

wuor'd.i         ■..  worthy 

wau.R'NIMU'NT  ornament 

waust.lu'R-  ostler 

R'AANG  wrong 

WU'R'AANG      

rtaat  wrote 

R'AEiT  write 

R'AUWT  wrought 

WU0L  will 

wuom.U'L wimble,  auger 

wuor'D  word 

wuor'.U'n       Wren  (surname) 

wuos.U'T        worsted  for  knitting 

wuot  wit 


Y 

Yage, 

G.  not  E. 

IAEJ                     

age 

Yak, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

IAAK                    

.     oak 

Yek, 

N.,  E 

IEK                       

ii 

Yakker, 

C,  E.,  SW. 

IAAK.U'R' 

acre 

Yikker, 

N 

IIK.U'R';  IEK.U'R- 

„ 

Yakkeridge 

,  G.  not  E, 

IAAK.U'RTJ 

acreage 

6 

lxxxii 

Yal,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Yel,  n.,e 

Yalseal,  sw 

Yalla,  g 

Yananudder,  c,  E.,  sw. 

Yenanither,  N 

Yance,  a,  E.,  sw. 

Yence,         \ 

Yarr  :   see  Hear 

Yas,  G 

Yeas,  c.  (Obsolesc.) 

Yems  :   see  Heams 
Yer,  g 

Ye'r,  sw 

Yerd,  G. 

Yerl,  c,  sw.,  e. 

Yarl,  N 

Yernest,         g.        

Yer-sel,  ..         

Yerth, 

Yurth,         n 

Yis,  G 

Yist,  c,  n.    

Yest,  e 

Yast,  sw.     

Yit,  G 

Yowe,  c,  N.;  E. 

Yooar,  c,  n.,  e. 

Yawer,       sw 


Toller, 


C,  N.,  E. 


PREFACE 

IAAL                ale 

IEL  

iaal.siaal     wholesale 

iaal.a            yellow 

iaanu'NUODDH.U'R'  one  another 

IENU'NIDH.U'R' 

iaans             once 

IENS  

iaas               ace 

iaeu'S ease 

iuor'               your;  you  are 

IER'                        „                  n 

IUOR'D             yard 

iuor'L             earl 

IAAR'L  

iuo.r'nitst     earnest 

IU'R'SEL. yourself 

iuor'TH          earth 

IURTH                i, 

iis                   yes 

iist                  yeast 

iest  

IAAST  

iit                   yet 

iauw              ewe 

ioou'R' your;  udder 

IAEAAWU'R';    IEA-  n  n 

AAWU'R'      h              n 

iaul.U'R'        to  holla 


WORDS  APPLIED  TO  BEATING  AND  STRIKING 


The  number  of  words  and  terms  applied  to  beating  and  striking 
is  sufficiently  remarkable  to  deserve  separate  enumeration.  As  some 
proof  of  the  combative  proclivities  of  our  ancestors,  when  wars  were 
frequent,  and  rapine  at  times  almost  a  necessity  as  well  as  a  power- 
ful incentive  on  the  border ;  the  following  words  still  in  use,  with  a 
small  admixture  of  a  later  date,  relating  to  personal  conflict  and  to 
beating  and  correction,  are  surprising  from  their  number  and  variety. 
They  are  very  expressive  of  sundry  degrees  of  intensity  in  the 
different  sections  of  the  county,  and  some  of  them  possess  other 
meanings  which  will  be  found  in  the  Glossary.  Words  signifying 
the  use  of  the  spear  in  warfare  are  so  few  as  to  indicate  that  the 
club,  the  stone,  the  battle-axe,  the  bow  and  arrow,  the  sword  and  the 
fist,  were  the  prevailing  weapons. 

Bang — To  strike  forcibly  producing  sound ;  a  heavy  blow. 

Bash — To  strike  so  as  to  disfigure  ;  includes  the  ideas  of  "  batter  " 

and  "  knock  down."     A  blow  on  some  soft  yielding  matter. 
Bat — A  stroke  with  the  hand,  a  light  blow ;  a  blow  from  anything 

falling. 
Batter — To  make  sore  by  repeated  blows. 
Beaste — To  thresh  with  a  cudgel ;  a  deliberate  whipping  judicially 

administered. 
Beat — To  thresh  with  fist  or  stick. 

Bensal — To  thresh  severely  and  repeatedly,  say  a  sturdy  lad  or  truant. 
Block — To  strike  with  some  instrument  so  as  to  stun  or  kill. 
Bray — To  pound ;  chastise  and  bruise,  mostly  in  reference  to  children. 
Break — To  beat  with  a  stick  (used  chiefly  as  a  threat),  generally 

applied  to  boys. 
Buckle — To  attack  and  seize. 
'     6a' 


lxXXiv  PREFACE 

Bump — To  hit  the  buttocks  with  the  knee. 

Clap— To  pat,  fondle. 

Clapperclowe — To  beat  and  scratch  ;  strike  two  objects  together, 

implying  a  sharp  strident  noise  as  the  result. 
Clash. — To  strike  violently,  generally  with  something  soft ;  a  blow  on 

the  side  of  the  head  with  the  open  hand. 
Clattin' — A  smart  blow  on  the  ear  with  the  fist. 
Clink — A  smart  blow  on  the  head  and  under  the  ear  with  the  fist  or 

hard  weapon. 
Clonk,  Clank — A  sounding  blow  on  the  head. 
Cloot — A  blow  with  the  fist  or  open  hand  on  the  ear,  generally  severe, 

and  not  repeated. 
Clow — To  attack  and  scratch  repeatedly. 
Clot— To  assault  with  clods. 

Cob — To  kick  the  buttocks  with,  the  broad-side  of  the  foot. 
Corkin' — A  very  severe  beating. 
Cuff,  Cluff — A  blow  on  the  head  given  with  the  hand,  less  severe 

than  "clink"  or  "clatter,"  and  without  malice  ;  also  intended 

as  a  provocative  to  a  fight. 
Dander — Same  as  Clatter,  and  Cuff*. 

Daud — A  blow  on  the  head  with  something  soft,  but  especially  ap- 
plied to  the  mouth,     (n.)  To  knock  backwards  and  forwards. 
Deg— To  stab. 
Ding,  Dang— To  knock  down  and  bruise  with  repeated  strokes;  a 

blow  which  produces  a  noise. 

Doon — To  throw  on  to  the  ground  as  when  wrestling. 

Doose — A  smart  slap. 

Drissin'— Punishment  on  any  part   of  the   body ;    often   means  a 
scolding. 

Dub — A  heavy  blow  with  the  fist  or  head. 

Dump,  Dunsh — A  blow  with  the  elbow  on  the  side ;  a  butt  delivered 

by  a  sheep  or  cow. 
Dust — Used  figuratively  as  in  "  dust  his  jacket,"  and  refers  to  boys. 
Flail — To  hit  with  a  downward  stroke. 
Flap,  Flop — A  slight  blow  from  the  fist,  delivered  scarcely  in  earnest, 

often  said  of  the  tongue. 
Fluet — A  very  severe  castigation  ;  a  blow  sufficient  to  knock  a  person 

down. 


WORDS    APPLIED    TO   BEATING,    &c.  1XXXV 

Frap — A  blow  producing  a  sound. 

Heft— To  thresh  unmercifully  either  man  or  beast ;   originally  had 

reference  to  driving  the  dagger  in  up  to  the  heft. 
Hidin' — A  threshing  administered  to  a  boy  or  girl  by  the  parent. 
Jab,  Job— To  strike  with  a  pointed  weapon  ;  to  strike  but  not  so 

hard  as  to  crush.     A  slight  blow  which  frightens  rather  than 

hurts. 
Joggle — To  strike  with  a  weak  uncertain  stroke  ;  to  shake. 
Kange — Chastise  severely  ;  may  also  be  used  in  reference  to  a  horse. 
Kelk — A  severe  blow  delivered  by  the  elbow  in  the  sides  or  belly  with 

intent  to  hurt ;  it  may  also  be  given  with  the  hand,  knee  or  foot. 
Knock — A  blow  more  severe  than  a  "  nap,"  and  often  received  acci- 
dentally. 
Lam,  e—  Punish  with  the  whip  (J.  Ar.)  ;  used  with  reference  to  a 

stand-up  fight  (J.s.o.). 
Larrup — To  beat  with  a  strap. 
Leas — To  chastise  a  boy  with  a  switch. 
Ledder— To  thresh  a  boy  severely,  similar  to  "bray." 
Let  slap  at — To  aim  a  blow  in  anger. 
Lickin' — Corporal  punishment  of  any  kind  administered  to  man  or 

beast. 
Lig  a  learn  on — To  injure  a  limb  brutally. 
Lig  at,  or  in — To  strike  generally,  and  refers  to  the  continuance  of 

the  attack,  whereas  "  lam  "  refers  to  the  attack  itself. 
Loonder — To  thresh  in  a  clumsy  manner. 
Mak  at — To  rush  at  with  intent  to  strike  or  wound. 
Mash — To  bruise,  disfigure  by  blows. 
Massacree — To  all  but  kill. 
Nap — To  break  with  a  short  swift  stroke  as  when  breaking  stones  ; 

a  smart  blow  with  the  fist  or  a  stick  on  the  head  or  hand. 
Neval — A  slap. 
Nointin',  Ointin' — The  punishment  which  the  schoolmaster  gives  to 

the  scholars,  evidently  with  "  strap  oil." 
Nope — To  strike  on  the  head. 
Nub — A  push  with  the  elbow  in  the  side,  but  not  so  severe  as  a 

"riunsh,"  but  used  rather  for  calling  attention  than  giving  pain. 
Paik— A  very  severe  beating  given  by  the  schoolmaster.     Paiks  is 

also  said  of  a  continuance  of  blows  whereby  a  person  becomes 

exhausted. 


lxxxvi  PREFACE 

Pash — To  beat  with  force,  pound  heavily. 

Pay — Any  form  of  punishment  administered  for  the  correction  of  a 

fault  committed  by  a  child.     To  settle  a  grievance  by  beating. 
Peg — A  beating  less  severe  than  a  "  paikin',"  generally  with  fist. 
Pelk — To  strike  with  force ;  the  blow  from  a  long  and  moderately 

•  thick  stick. 
Pelt — To  throw  stones  at  anything  ;  blow  on  the  skin. 
Powse — A  slight  blow  on  the  temples,     (n.)  To  pull  the  hair. 
Prick,  Prod— To  wound  with  the  spear,  or  sharp  pointed  instrument. 
Pummin' — A  severe  threshing  with  the  fist  s. 
Punch. — To  kick  with  the  foot. 
Quilt,  Twilt— To  beat  keenly. 
Rozzel — Used  rather  as  a  threat  than  to  describe  any  special  form  of 

chastisement ;  the  actual  meaning  being  to  apply  rosin. 
Scaitch — To  thresh  with  a  stick  or  rod. 
Scop— To  hit  with  a  stone  thrown  by  the  hand  or  sling  ;   to  hit  with 

the  fist. 
Scowe — A  "  skelp  "  emphasized. 
Settle — To  quiet  a  person  by  threshing. 
Skelp — A  smart  blow  applied  by  the  mother's  open  hand  on  the 

child's  bare  buttocks. 
Slaister — To  beat  severely  and    disfigure,    but   without   producing 

serious  injury. 
Slap — To  beat  with  the  open  hand. 
Slash, — To  wound  with  a  cutting  instrument. 
Slouch. — A  blow  clumsily  struck. 

Smack — Same  as  "  skelp,"  but  on  any  part  of  the  body. 
Souse — Obsolete  and  the  character  of  the  blow  now  unknown.     See 

Glossary. 
Spank— Same  as  "  skelp,"  but  on  any  part  of  the  body,   and  less 

severely  than  "  noint." 
Stirrup  oil,  Strap  oil  -Chastisement  given  to  a  child  with  a  leather 

strap  similar  to  that  one  used  by  a  shoemaker  to  hold  his  work 

firmly  on  his  knee. 
Strop— To  beat  with  a  strap. 
Switch— To  beat  with  a  rod  or  switch. 
Tan — To  belabour  the  body. 
Tap— A  sharp  stroke  on  the  head. 


WORDS    APPLIED    TO    BEATING,   &c.  lxxxvii 

Targe — To  beat  very  severely  almost  to  wounding. 

Thump — A  hard  stroke  on  the  fist. 

Tig — To  touch  lightly ;  a  very  slight  blow. 

Towel — Beat  with  a  stick. 

Trim— To  whip  a  child. 

Troonce — To  thresh  deliberately  as  a  punishment. 

Twank — To  beat  with  a  stick,  similar  to  "welt." 

Warm — To  beat,  but  especially  said  of  children ;  these  last  four  are 

very  akin  to  one  another  in  meaning. 
Weft — To  beat  generally. 

Welt — To  thresh  a  grown-up  person  with  a  strap. 
Whale — To  beat  severely  man  or  beast  with  a  cudgel. 
Whang — To  flog  with  whip-thong  or  strap. 
Whap— To  flog  with  whip-thong. 

Whelk — A  thump  with  the  fist ;  a  severe  sounding  blow. 
Whezzle — To  beat  with  a  hazel. 
Wipe — A  back-handed  blow. 
Yark — A   blow   with  a  heavy   cudgel ;    the   use   of  the   word   has 

reference  to  heavy  and  severe  impact. 
Yedder — A  severe  blow  with  a  supple  stick  or  yedder. 


PLACE   NAMES 


The  following  is  a  list  of  places  in  Cumberland  the  pronunciation 


of  which  differs  from  the  spelling, 
are  abbreviations :  — 


Some  are  corruptions,  and  others 


SPELLED 

Abbey  (The) 

Acrewalls 

Aldby 

Arlecdon 

Aspatria 

Aughertree 

Barkhouse 

Beaumont 

Bewaldeth 

Blackhall 

Blennerhasset 

Bolton 

Boonwood 

Bothel 

Brampton 

Branthwaite 

Brotherilkeld 

Caldbeck 

Calder 

Caldew 

Calthwaite 

Calva 

Carlisle 

Castlerigg 
Coldale 
Cow  lane 
Crookdake 
Cumberland 
Curthwaite,  or 
Kirkthwaite 


PRONOUNCED 

AAB.U';    TAAB.U' 

IAAK.U'RWAUZ 

AU.LBI 

AA.R'U'LTU'N 

SPIAAT.U'R'I 

AAF.U'TRI 

BAA.RKU'S 

BEE.MU'NT 

BEEWAU.DU'TH 

BLEK.U'L,  NC. 

BLINU'RAE.SU  T 

BAUW.TU'N 

BIUON.WUOD 

BWAUL 

BR'AAN.TU'N 

BR'AANTH.UT 

BUOTTHU'R'ILK.U'T 

KAU.DBEK 

KAU.DDHU'R 

KAU.DU' 

KAU.THU'T 

KAU.VU' 

KAAR'U'L,    G. 

KAER'U'L,   N. 

KAASTTH.R'IG 

KAUW.DU'L 

KOO.  LWAUN,  NW. 

KR'IUOK.DEK 

CUOM.U'R'LU'N 

KUOR'TH.U'T 


Dalehead 

Dalston 

Derwent 

Devoke 

Dirt  hole 

Distington 

Dryholme 

Duncow  fold 

Edenhall 

Egremont 

Ehen 

Ellenborough 

Eskdale 

Fallen  Cross 

Gamblesby 

Gatesgarth 

Gilcrux 

Glencoin 

Graysouthen 

Greystock 

Guardhouse 

Haile 

Hallsenna 

Hensingham 

Hope 

Holme,  as  a  ter- 
mination, is 
usually  pro- 
nounced 

in  Abbey  Holme 

Hopebeck 


PRONOUNCED 

DIAAL.EED 

DA  A  STU'N 

DAA.R'U'N 

DUOV.TJ'K 

DUOR'T-WAUL 

DIS.U'NTU'N 

DR'AAI.U'M 

DUON.KU'FAULD,  N. 

EE.DNU'L 

EG.U'R'MUTH 

END 

ELB.R'U' 

ESH.DU'L 

FAUN  KR'AUS 

GAAM.U'R'ZBI 

GAASK.U'T 

gilkroos. 
(g)lenkiuon. 
gr'aesiuon. 
gr'ae.stik 

GAA.R'DU'S 

(h)iaal 
(h)ausen.u* 

EN.SIGU'M 
HWAUP 


U'M 
AUWM 

(h)aub.uk 


PLACE   NAMES 


Ixxxix 


Huddlesceugh 

Hutton  soil 

Johnby 

Keswick 

Kidburngill 

Kirkbanton 

Kirksanton 

Kirsgillhow 

Lanefoot 

Langwathby 

Lowscales 

Lucyclose 

Melmerby 

Middlesceugh 

Moat 

Mockerkin 

Moota 

Oakshaw 

Oldscale 

Oulton 

Pardshaw 

Pelutho 

Penrith 

Pickthall 

Plumbland 

Plumpton 

Ponsonby 

Pool  foot 

Ravenglass 

Redmain 

Rockcliff 

Rothmire 

Salkeld 


PRONOUNCED 

(h)uod.u'lsku- 

(H)UOT.U'N-SIUOL 

JWAUM.BI,   EC. 

KEZ.IK 

KIP.R'U'NGIL 

KU'R'BAANT.U'N 

KU'R'SAANT.U'N, 

SW. 
KU'R'SKIL.U' 
LAUN.INFIUOT 
LAANG.U'NBI,   E. 
LAA.SKU'LZ,    SW. 
LUOST.I-KLWAUS 
MEL.U'R'BI,    E. 
MID.U'LSKU' 
MWAUT 
MAUW.U'R'KIN 
MIUOT.U' 
IAAKSHU' 
AASK.U'L 
OO.TU'N 
PAA.R'DZU' 
PEL.ITU',  NW. 
PEE.R'U'TH 
PAEI.KU'LAA,  SW. 
PLIMB.LU'N 
PLUON.TU'N 
PUON.SU'NBI 
POO.FOOUT,    SW. 
REB.U'NGLU'S,  SW. 
R'EEDMIAAN 
R'AUW.KLU' 
RAUW.MU'R 
SAU.KU'T;    SAAF.- 
U'LT 


Sandwith 

Saltcoats 

Salter 

Scaleby 

Scales 

Scalesceugh 

Scothwaite 

Seathwaite 

Seathwaite 

Skinburness 

Smaithwaite 

Small-thwaite 

Stanwix 

Stapleton 

Stonyheugh 

Talkin 

Threlkeld 

Thursby 

Toadhole 

Todhole 

Todhills 

Toot  Hill 

Torpenhow 

Tortolagate 

Ulpha 

Ulverston 

Warthol 

Waverton 

Wedholme 

Whitehaven 

Wildcat  bank 

Workington 

Wythburn 

Wythmoor 


PRONOUNCED 

SAAN.UTH 

SAU.TKWAUTS 

SAU.TTHU'R 

SKIAALBI 

SKIAALZ 

SKELS.KU' 

SKAU.THU'T 

SEEU'.THUT,   SW. 

SEE.HWU'T,   C. 

SKINBU'R'NEEZ. 

SMIAATH.UT 

SMAATH.U'T 

STAAN.IKS 

STIAAP.U'LTU'N 

STIAAN.IHUOH 

TAU.KIN,   NB. 

THR'EL.KUT 

THIUOR'Z.BI 

TIAAD.U'L 

TAUD.U'LZ 

TIUOT-IL 

TR'U'PEN.U' 

TAU.R'TLU'IAAT 

OO.FU',    SW. 

OOSTU'N,    SW. 

WAA.R'DU'L 

WAA.R'TU'N 

WAE.R'TU'N 

WED.U'M 

(H)WIT.U'N 

WUOL  KU'T  BAANK 

WUOR'.KITU'N 

WAAI.BU'RN 

WAAI.MU'R' 


In  some  of  the  northern  parishes  there  are  farm-houses  called 
towns,  as  Justus'  town,  Nixon's  town,  Gibby's  town,  Phillip's  town, 
etc.  Others  are  onsets,  as,  Nether  Onset,  Upper  Onset,  etc.  Very 
many  other  names  of  places  are  recognizable  although  more  or  less 
altered. 


CUMBERLAND  NAMES  FOR  BRITISH  BIRDS,  FISHES 
AND  PLANTS 

(for  other  synonyms,  etc.,  see  glossary) 


BIRDS 

Accentor  modularis  Dykie,  Creepie  dyke 

Accipter  nisus  Chicken  hawk,  Blue  hawk.    See  Falco. 

ACREDULA  CAUDATA  Bobble  tit 

Acrocephalus  phragmitis  Nightingale's  friend 

iEGiALiTis  hiaticulus  Sea  pellick,  Bellick 

Al aud a  arvensis  La vrock 

Anas  boscas Gray  duck,  Mire  duck 

Anser  segetum  Gray  lag 

Anthus  pratensis  Lingy,  Moortidy,  Mosscheeper 

Ardea  cinerea  Heronsew,  Joan-na-ma-crank 

Bernicula  brenta  Rotgoose,  Obs.     Bean  goose 

Botaurus  stellaris  Bitter  bump 

Buteo  vulgaris  Glead 

Caprimulgus  europ^us  Mosscrowker 

Carduelis  elegans  Flinsh 

Cinclus  aqtjaticus Bessy  dooker 

Circus  cyaneus  Glead 

Clangula  glaucion  Whiteside 

Columba  palumbus  Cushat,  Wooshat 

Corvus  corone  Corby,  Dawp,  Black  neb 

..        frugilegus  Crow  ;  White  nebbed  cro',  Obs. 

Coturnix  communis  Wet-rae'-fit 

Obex  pratensis  Daker  hen,  Draker  hen,  e. 

Cuculus  canorus  Gowk 

Cypselus  apus  Deevelin,  Kill  deevil,  Clavver  bawk 

Emberiza  citiunella  Yalla  yowdrin,  Bessy  blakelin 

miliaris  Grass  bunting 

il  schceniclus Bessy  blackcap 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES    FOR   BRITISH   BIRDS,    &c.  XC1 

Falco  ^salon  Chicken  hawk,  Little  hawk.     See 

n      peregrinus         Gray  hawk  [Accepter 

i!       tinnunculus        Brown  hawk 

Fratercula  arctic  a     Sea  parrot 

Fringilla  celebs  Scop,  Spink 

.,         montifringilla  Mountain  catloal,  Cock  o'  th'  North 

Fulicaatra   Baltut,  Beltute,  Lake  hen 

Fuligula  ferina  Whusselin'  duck 

.1  marila  Blue  bill,  Dooker 

G-ALLINAGO  ccelestis      Hammerbleat,  Sceape 

„  gallinula  Judcock  (Obs.),  Laal  Jacky 

G-arrulus  glandarius.. Jay  pyet 

Haematopus  ostralegus  Sea  pyet,  Mussel  pecker 

Larus  canus  . Sea  mo' 

n       marinus  Gurmaw,  Devoke  water  maw 

.,       ridibundus  Churr  mo' 

Ligurinus  chloris Greenie 

Limosa  lapponica  Curley  kneave 

Linota  cannabina         Hemplin 

,.        flavirostris      Heather  gray 

i,        rufescens  Tailor  finch,  Redcap 

Locustella  n^ivia        Sidder  grinder,  Girse-hopper  lark 

Mareca  penelope  Lough  duck 

Mergus  merganser 

i.  SERRATOR 

Merula  merula  ....  Black  throssel,  E. 

..        torquatus        Crag  starling,  Crag  ouzel,  Fell  throssel 

Milvus  ictinus  Glead,  Jacky  slope 

Motacilla  lugubris      ; Gray  hemplin,  Wattery  wagtail 

Music apa  atricapilla Laal  pyet  [Parus 

•i  grisola  Bee  eater,  Sea  robin,  French  robin.    See 

Numenius  arquata       Whaup 

ii  ph^opus        Curley  kneave,  Jack  curley 

(Edemia  nigra  Black  duck 

Parus  cceruleus  Tommaty-taa,  Tommy-tee,  Blue  tommy 

Passer  domesticus        Sping,  Hoosie,  Sprug  (Carlisle) 

Phalacrocorax  carbo Scarf,  Sea  craw 

graculus  Laal  scarf 


>  Gravel  duck,  Grayvel  (Obs.) 


XCii  PREFACE 

Phylloscopus  trochilus  Bottlety,  Milly  thoom 

Pica  rustica   Pyet,  Jay  Pyet  sw.,  Polly 

Plectrophanes  nivalis  Cock  o'  th'  North 

Podiceps  fluviatilis     Auld  wife,  Feut  an'  arse 

Pratincola  rubetra    Utick,  Woodchat 

Rallus  aquaticus         Watter  creake  (Obs.) 

Ruticilla  phoenicurus  Jinny  redtail,  Nanny  redtail 

Saxicola  (Enanthe        White  rump 

Squatarola  helvetica  Silver  plover 

Stercorarius  crepidatus  Mackerel  hawk,  Kep  skite 

m  parasiticus  Kep  skite 

Sterna  fluviatilis        Pictarn,  Sea  swallow 

Strix  flammea  Chimney  owl,  Jinny  hulert 

Sturnus  vulgaris  Shepster 

Sylvia  atricapilla      Bessy  blackcap 

«       cinerea  Peggy  whitethroat,  Nanny 

Syrnium  aluco Hulert,  Hoolet 

T adorn a  cornuta         Skellduck,  Shells 

Tetrao  scoticus Gorcock,  Moorcock 

Totanus  hypoleucus Dick-a-dee,  Willy-lilt 

Tringa  alpina  Sea  moose 

Troglodytes  parvulus  Chitty 

Turdus  iliac  as  Felty,  Fell  fo'  (sw.) 

n        musicus  Throssel 

pilaris  .'.  Fell  fo',  Felty,  Pigeon  felty 

viscivorus        Mountain  throstle,  Shrailie 

Uria  troile   See  Podiceps 

Vanellus  crist ATus     Teufet,  Peesweep,  Puett  (Obs.) 


FISH 

Belone  vulgaris  Herring  or  Mackerel  guide 

Centronotus  gunellus Cat-fish 

Coregonus  clupeoides Skelly  of  Ulls water  and  Haweswater 

vandesius  Vendis 

Cottus  gobio Tom  Carle 

scorpio  Fatherlasher 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES   FOR    BRITISH    BIRDS,    &c. 


XC111 


Cyclopterus  lumpus  Sea  hen,  Lump-fish 

Gadus  merlangus Silver  whiting 

I.       morrhua  Bodling,  Keeling,  Robbin 

pollachius  Kellat 

M       virens  Bluffin,  Goalmouth,  Green-back 

Galeus  canis Bastard  shark,  Blue-back,  Fay  dog 

Gasterostus  pungitis  Prickly  Dick,  Pricky-back 

laculeatus  Cock-hardy  (male),  Hen-hardy  (female) 

Gobius  gracilis  Grundlin 

Labrax  lupus  Perch 

Leuciscus  cephalus  Skelly  of  the  Eden;  Seggy,  W. 

m  vulg.  m  ..       Petterill 

Lophius  piscatorius  Monk-fish,  ShoOder-fish 

Nemachilus  barbatus Tommy  loach,  Liggy,  Gobbly 

Osmerus  eperlanus  Sparling 

Perca  fluviatilis  Bass 

Petroyzon  branchialus  Lamper  eel 

Phocena  communis  ...  Sea  pig 

Pisces,  all  small  Scarrow,  nw.  Obsolesc. 

Pleuronectes  flesus  Fleuk 

Raia  alba      Bluet,  when  distinguishing  from  Skeat 

..     batis      Bluet,  Maid,  Skeat 

n     radiata  Star  Ray 

Rhombus  l^vis Brett,  Cock  Fleuk 

Salmo  salar Hing  (male),  Ronnel  (female) 

Trachinus  vipera  Sting-fish 

Turbo  littoreus  Cuvvins 


INSECTS,  Etc. 

Abraxis  grossulariata  Cuddy  bustard 

Acheta  domestic  a Cracket 

iESHNA      GRANDIS,      AGRION 

pulchella  Bull  adder,  Bull  stang,  Leather  wing 

Amara    obsoleta,    Ancho- 

menus,  Loricera      God's  horse 

Aphodius   fimetarius,   and 

probably  other  species  Doctor,  Penny  doctor,  Penniless  doctor 


XC1V 


PREFACE 


Arachnidae Atter 

Arctia  caia    Strawberry  loggerhead 

Argynnis  and  Melitaea  Fleckellary 

Argyroneta  aquatica  Tom  Tayleor 

Athous  haemorrhoidalis  Cracky  back 

M     or  vittatus  Skipjack 

BOMBUS    TERRESTRIS   Or  MUS- 

corum        Bumly,  Bummel 

Bombyx  quercus  and  rubi  Bull  bustard 

Carabus  sp Rainy  clock,  Stink  c,  Turd  c,  Black 

docker 

violaceus      Wedder  clock,  Turd  c. 

Coccinella  septempunctata  Cushy-coo-leady,  Rainy  clock 

Conops  Gutter  wasp,  Sump  wasp 

Culex  pipiens  Hell  spinner,  Hell  sweeper,  Midge 

Euchloe  cardamines    King  Gworge,  Sowdger 

Forficula  auricularia  Cat-o'-nine-tails,  Twitchbell 

Formica  Pissimers,  Pissmudders 

Gasterophilus  equi      Horse  bee,  Horse  stang 

Geotrupes  stercorarius  Lousy  beegle,  Clock,  Broon  clock 

Gyrinus  natator  Watter  clock 

Hepialus  humuli  Loggerheed 

HlPPOBOSCA  EQUINA  Cleg 

Lampyris  noctiluca      Hairy  worm,  Tommy's  cannel-stick 

Libellula  depressa      Bull  stang,  Horse  stinger 

Melolontha  vulg Tom  beegle 

Melophagus  ovinus      Kead 

Musca  domestica  Midge  (in  parts  only) 

H      lardaria  Mawk  midge 

Myriapoda     Meg-wi-many-feet 

Necrophorus  sepultor Stink  clock 

Noctu^:  Bustards 

Oniscid^ Kirk  louse,  Wo'  1.,  Slater,  Wedder  clock 

Oonops  pulcher  (probably)  Twing 

Papilio  magaera  Drummer 

Phyllopertha  horticola  Brackin  clock ;  ne.,  Broon  clock 

PULEX  IRRITANS  Lop,  E. 

Pygaera  bucephala    Cuddy  bustard 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES   FOR   BRITISH   BIRDS,    &c. 


XCV 


Saturnia  pavonia,  Larva  of  Heatherpillar 

Smerinthus  ocellatus Oskallater 

Stomoxys  calcitrans    Clog  (Cockermouth) 

T ab anus  autumn alis Cleg 

bovinus  Cleg,  Horse  bee  (Lorton),  Horse  stang 

Telephorus  fuscus       Sowdgers  an'  Sailors 

..  m      or  lividus  Bleudy  sooker,  Bleudy  butcher,  etc. 

Tipula  oleracea  Jinny  spinner 

Trichoptera,  Pupa  of Casebait,  Codbait 

Vanessa  at  al  ant  a        Sowdger 

..         urtica  Dromedary,  Teetotaller 

Vespa  vulg.   .t. Stanger,  Whamp 

Zygaena  filipendul^:  Pink  spot 

(NOTE — Mr  Youdale  and  Mr  Day  have  found  that  the  native  name  is  frequently  ap- 
plied to  several  species  of  insects,  and  vice-versa.  The  above  is  as  complete  and 
correct  a  list  as  it  has  been  possible  to  draw  up  under  the  circumstances,  and 
reference  should  be  made  to  the  Glossary  for  a  fuller  statement  than  is  here 
given.) 


PLANTS 


Acer  pseudo-platanus  Sap-tree 

Adoxa  moscatellina Town-Hall  clock  (Carlisle) 

^Egopodium  podagraria  Kesh ;  nw.,  Weyl  esh 

AGRAPHIS  NUTANS  CrOW-foOt,  E. 

Agrostemma  githago   Popple,  which  see 

Agrostis Black  twitch,  applied  to  roots  of  several 

members    of   this    family.      Winn  el 
streas  refer  to  the  dead  stems 
vulgaris        Watter  twitch,  Black  twitch 

Air  A  c^spitosa  .. Bull  toppins,  Bull  feases,  Bull  fronts, 

Bents 

Allium  ursinum Ramps 

Alnus  glutinosa  .......     Eller 

Ammophila  arundinacea         Sea-bent 

Angelica  sylvestris Watter  or  Smooth  kesh,  Kesks 

Antennaria  dioica        Cat's  paw 


XCV1  PREFACE 

Arctium  lappa  .......     Bur,   Cockelty  bur,   Eldin— a  general 

term  for  dry  stems  used  for  lighting 
fires 

Armeria  maritima        Marsb  daisy,  Sea  pink,  nw. 

Arrhenatherum  avenaceum  Button  girse,  B.  twitch,  Black  twitch, 

Havver  girse 

A  vena  officinalis         Havver,  Woats,  Aits,  Cworn 

Bellis  perennis  Dog  daisy,  Bennert,  Cat's  posy 

Betula  alba  Birk,  Burk 

Botrychium  lunaria    Shoe  the  horse,  Unshoe  the  horse 

Brassica  napus  Roap 

rapa Turmet,  nw. 

Brassica         The  seeds  of  the  tribe  are  Popple,  and  the 

plants  Field  kale  and  Wild  mustard 
Briza  media   Dadder  girse,  Dotherin  girse,  Dodderin 

Nancy,  Dodderin  Dicky,  Coo  quakes 
Bromus  mollis  Havver  girse,  Geus  girse,  Duck  havver 

NW.,  Geus  cworn 
Bunium  flexuosum        Roots  are  Yowe  yorlins,  Yowe  yornals,. 

Jocky  jurnals,  Jack  durnils;  the  plant 

is  Scabley  hands 

Callitriche     See  Eel- Weed 

Caltha  palustris Oppen  go  wan,  Watter  go  wan 

Campanula  rotundifolia        Blue  bell 

Cardamine  pratensis Bonny  burd  een,  Burd  ee,  Lamb  lakins 

Carex  glauca Blue  seg,  Blue  girse,  Pry 

Centaurea  nigra  Hard  heeds,  Horse  nops 

Ceterach  officinarum  Rusty  back 

Chelidonium  majus       Salladin 

Chenopodium  album      Fat  hen,  Moals 

Chrysanthemum  leucan-         Dog   flower,  White   gull,    Dog   daisy, 
themum         Great  daisy 
..  segetum       Gull,  Yellow  gull 

Cnicus  arvensis  Sharp  thistle,  Cworn  thistle 

..       heterophyllus Fish  belly 

lanceolatus     Bur  thistle 

palustris  Watter  thistle 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES    FOR   BRITISH    BIRDS,   &c.  XCV11 

Conferva    rivularis,    and     Cro'  silk 
other  Alg,e » 

CONIUM  MACULATUM Humlik,  NW. 

Crataegus  oxycantha Cat  haw 

Cynosurus  crist atus    Winnel  strea 

Dactylis  glomerata     Bough  grass,  Ha 

Digitalis  purpurea      Thimble ;  Fairy  ringers,  nw. 

Drosera  rotundifolia Moor  grass,  Ns. 

Empetrum  nigrum         Crake  berry,  Ling  berry 

Epilobium  hirsutum      Codlins  and  cream 

Equiseta — are  all  called  Tead  pipes,  Paddock  pipes 

Equisetum  hyemale      Scrub  grass 

Eriophorum  vaginatum  Cat  tails,  Cat  locks  ;  the  early  blosoms, 

Mosscrops 

Euonymus  europ^us     Prickwood,  Ns. 

Euphorbia  helioscopia  Wart  girse,  Wart  weed,  Churnstaff 

Festuca  rubra  Black  twitch 

m        vulgaris         Black  twitch,  Watter  twitch,  and  the 

dead  stems  Winnel  streas 

Fraxinus  excelsior     Esh 

Fritillaria  meleagris Guinea-hen  flower;  Pheasant  lilly,  nw. 

Fungi  (non-edible)  Paddick  steuls 

Gallium  aparine          Clavver  girse,  Geus  girse,  Robin-run- 
up-dyke, Robin-run-the-dyke,  Sticky- 
back,  Soldier's  buttons 
..         verum         . Rennet,  Steep 

Genista  anglica  Cat  whin.     See  Ulex 

Geranium  Robertianum  Bleudwort,  Deeth  com  quickly,  Stinkin 

Bobby 

Hedera  helix  Hyvin,  Ivin 

Helleborus  viridis       Fellin  weed  ;  Fellin  gurse,  e. 

Heracleum  spondylium  Dry  or  Rough  kesh,  Kesk ;  the  dried 

stems  are  Bunnels,  Cannel  leeters 

Holcus  lanatus  Dart  girse;    Wheyte  top't  girse  nw., 

Yorkshire  fog 
n        mollis  White  twitch ;  Wheyte  top't  girse,  nw. 

HORDEUM  HEXASTICHON Bigg 

..  maritimum     Squirrel's  tail 

7 


XCViii  PREFACE. 

Hydrocotyle  vulg Sheep  rot,  Rot  girse 

Ilex  aquifolium  Hollin 

Impatiens  noli-tangere  Old  woman's  purse 

Iris  pseud acorus  Mekkins,  Seggins,  Seag 

Juncus  acutiflorus      Closs  ;  Sprats  (West  Holme) 

„       conglomerate Seeves 

EFFUSUsandGLAUCUS  Resh,  Rus,  Seeves 

„  NIGRITELLUS         FlusllCOCks 

„       squarrosus       Whirl  bent,  Star  b.,  sw. ;  Geus  cworn,  g. 

See  Bromus. 

Juniperus  communis      Horse  savin 

Lamium  album  Deaa  nettle;  Stinkin  weed 

I.        purpureum       Bad  man's  posy 

Lastrea — all  species     Fearn  brackins 

Linaria  cymbalaria     Rambling  sailor,  Mother  of  thousands 

ii         vulgaris  Butter  an'  eggs,  Chop't  eggs 

Linum  usitatissimum     Line 

Lobelia  dortmanna      Watter  gladiole,  Ns.' 

Lotus  corniculatus      Cat's  poddish 

Lychnis  alba Thunner  flooer,  Mudder  dees 

ii        diurna  Heedwarks,  Lousy  beds,  Fadder  dees 

Lycoperdon  bovista     Fuz  bo',  Devil's  snuff-box 

Lycopodium  clavata    Buck-horn  moss,  Fox's  tail 

„  selago       Fox  feet 

Lysimmachia  nummularia  Wandering  Jinny 

Melilotus  alba Bee  flower,  King  clover 

Mentha  pulegium         Pudding  grass,  Ns. 

Myrica  gale Gawel,  Mosswythan,  Bog  myrtle 

Myriophyllum  (tribe)   Tangle 

Myrrhis  odorata  Sweet  brackin,  Wild  anise 

Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus  Daft',  Daffy-doon-dilly 

Nardus  strict  a  Hen-tails 

Nasturtium  offic. Watter  crashes 

Nepeta  glechoma         .___;__  Gill-go-by-ground,  Ns. 

CEnanthe  crocata         Deed  tongue,  Watter  hemlock,  Kesh 

Ononis  arvensis Weyl  licquorish,  nw. 

Orchis  mascula  Craa  teaz,  n. 

n       ustulata  Lame  soldier,  Ns. 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES   FOR   BRITISH   BIRDS,   &c.  XC1K 

Osmunda  regalis  Bog  onion 

Oxalis  acetosella        Cuckoo  bread  and  cheese 

P^eonia Piannet 

Papaver         - Popple 

Petastites  vulg.  Burbleck,    Watter    dockin  ;    Pestilent 

wort,  Ns. 

Peucedanum  ostruthium  Fellin  wort  or  girse 

Phleum  pratense         Dog  feut 

(Pinguicula  vulg.)        .'. (Bog  violet,  SW.)     E.D.D. 

Pinus  sylvestris  c Fur,  n.,  nw.  ;  the  cones,  Fur  apples 

Pisum  sativum  .. Pez 

Plantago  lanceolata Rib  girse  ;  and  the  flower  heads,  Cock- 

feighters 

major  Rattan  tails 

media  .. Lamb's  ear 

Polemonium  cgeruleum  Charity 

Polygonum  bistort  a     Easter  munjians,  E.  may-giants,  Wat- 
ter ledges 

it  hydropiper  Arse  smart,  Bity  tongue 

persicaria Redshanks 

Polystichum  aculeatum  Pheasant's  tail 

POPULUS  TREMULUS  Esp 

Potamogeton  (tribe)      Tangle.     See  Eel-weed 

.,  crispus    Small  frog's  lettuce,  Watter  caltrops,  Ns. 

Potentilla  anserina    Geus  tansy,  Wild  t. 

Primula  farinosa         . Bonny  Burd  een 

variabilis      Lad  cannel-stick,  Ns. 

H       veris  Coo  struplin 

Prunus  avium  Gean 

.,       institia  Bullister 

ii       padus  Eckberry,  Heckberry,  Eggberry 

H       spinosa  Slea  tree,  S.  thorn 

Psamma  arenaria         Sea  bent 

Pulmonaria  officin Bottle  of  all  sorts,  Long-leaved  sage 

Pyrus  aucuparia  Roan  tree,  Witchwood,  Dogberry 

Quercus    robur   and   SESSI- 

flor.  Yak,  Yek 

Ranunculus  fluitans  Eel-weed 

H  repens     Meg-wi-many-feet,  Cro'  feet 

•7  a 


C  PREFACE 

Rhinanthus  crista-galli  Henpen,  Horsepen ;  Shepherd's  purse,w. 

Ribes  grossularia        Berry;  Grossers,  ne. 

i.      nigrum Blackberry;  Squinancy  berry,  Ns. 

h      rubrum  Wineberry 

Rosa  canina Chooptree;  and  fruit,  Choops      [kites 

Rubus  fructicosus        Brear ;  the  fruit  Black  kites,  Bummel 

ii       iDjEUS Rasp,  Hineberry  [berry 

ii       saxatilis  Roebuck   berry,  Bunchberry,    Bungel- 

RUMEX  'ACETOSA,  and  ACETO- 

sella         Soor  dockin 

Rumex  alpinus  Butter  dockin,  or  Butter  leaves 

it       obtusifolius     Dockin 

Salices,  any  of  the  trees  Saughtree,  Seeltree 

„  ii  shrubs  Wythes,  Willies,  Wans,  N,  nw. 

Salicornia  herbacea  .. Pickle  plant 

Salix  caprea Saughtree,  Seeltree 

„       pentandra  Sweet  Willy 

Sambucus  nigra  Bulltree,  Burtree ;   Boretree,  N 

Scabiosa  succisa  Blue  buttons,  Hog-a-back 

Scrophularia  nodosa  Stinkin  Roger,  Stinkin  Christopher 

Sedum  acre    Little  house-leek 

„      reflexum  Love  in  a  chain,  Prick  madam 

Sempervivum  tectorum  Syphelt 

Senecio  eruc^efolius;  Booins 

N        jacob^ea  Booins,  Haygreen,  Muggert 

ii  SYLVATICUS,      VULG. 

and  viscosus  Grunsel,  Grunswathe 

Silene  cucubalus         Spatling  poppy,  White  bottle,  Ns. 

Sinapis  arvensis  Field  keal 

Solanum  dulcamara    Fellin  wood 

Sonchus  oleraceus       Swine  thistle 

Spergula  arvensis       Yur ;  Dodder,  nw.  ;  Blore,  sw. 

Spirea  ulmaria  Courtship  and  matrimony 

Taraxicum  offic.  Clocks,  Pissybeds 

Thymus  serpyllum       Mother  of  thyme 

Tragopon  pratensis     Nap  at  noon 

Triticum  repens  Twitch  girse 

Trollius  europjeus       Lockingowan  ;  Lockity  gowan,  n. 


CUMBERLAND   NAMES   FOR   BRITISH   BIRDS,    &c.  CI 

Tussilago  farfara       Cleets,  Son  afoor  t'  fadder 

Typha  latifolia  (heads  of)  Blackcap 

Ulex  europ^ius  Whin 

„      galii     Cat  whin.     See  Genista 

Ulmus  campestris         Dutch  Ome 

„        Montana  English  Ome 

Vacinium  myrtillus     Bleaberry,  Blebbery 

„  oxycoccus     Crones,  Croneberry,  Cranes 

Verbascum  thaspus      Jacob's  staff,  Beggar's  blanket 

Veronica  beccabunga  "Well  ink,  Watter  purple  [tea 

i,         cham^drys Bonny  burd  ee,  Cat  eyes,  Poor  man's 

Viburnum  opulus  (fruit)  Dogberry 

Viccia  cracca  Hug-a-back,  Traddah 

hirsuta  Traddah 

n        orobus Horse  peas,  Ns. 

,.        sativa  Wild  fitch 

Zannichellia  See  Eel- weed 


In  the  foregoing  list  the  letters  Ns.  indicate  that  the  names  which  they  follow 
were  copied  by  Mr  Wm.  Hodgson,  A.L.S.  from  a  MS.  list  of  local  plants  compiled  by 
Bishop  Nicolson  in  1690,  he  then  being  Archdeacon  of  Carlisle.  This  MS.  is  at  Rose 
Castle. 


AUTHORITIES   AND   CORRESPONDENTS 


The  list  of  the  names  of  Authors  and  their  Works  which  have 
been  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  this  new  Edition. 

The  abbreviations  employed  to  indicate  the  source  of  the  quot.it  ion 
will  be  found  in  the  second  column. 


AUTHORITIES 

AUTHOR  AND  WORK 

Anderson  :  Cumberland  Ballads.  1840.   (Died  1833) 
Blamire,  Susanna  :   (died  1794).     Songs  and  Ballads. 

1866.    See  Gilpin,  Miss 
Boucher,  Rev.  Jonathan  :   Glossary  of  Archaic  and 

Provincial  Words.    1832-3 
Brockett  :  Glossary  of  North  Country  Words.    1846 
Brown,  James  Walter:  Lyrics  and  Songs.     1893 
Burn,  Peter:  Brampton  as  I  have  known  it.     1893 
■i  Fireside  Crack.     2nd  Ed.     1886 

„  ii  .,  3rd  Ed.      1897 

..  Poems.     1885 

ii  Rosenthal.     1891 

Burroughs,  J. ;  Willy  Wattle's  Mudder.     1870 

ii  The  Muncaster  Boggle.     1884 

Caine,  Hall:  The  Shadow  of  a  Crime.   1891,  1896 

..  A  Son  of  Hagar.     3  Vols.     1887 

Carlisle  Journal:  various  dates 

it        Patriot  :  » 

Christian,    John:     A   Whitehaven    Sailor   Lad    in 
London,  and  the  Mason's  Ghost  Story.      1880. 
(Deceased) 
Clare,  Austin:    A  Pearl  in  the  Shell.   N.d. 

A  Sprig  of  White  Heather.   N.d. 
ii  By  the  Rise  of  the  River.      1897 

it  For  the  Love  of  a  Lass.    1890 

ii  Two  Ways  of  Looking  at  it.   N.d. 

Clark  :   Survey  of  the  Lakes.  1778 
Clark,  Ewan:  Miscellaneous  Poems.  1779.  (Died  1811) 

n  The  Rustic :  a  Poem.  1805 

Cumberland  Pacquet:  Various  dates  in  1893 
Cunningham,  John:   A  Collection  of  Poems.  1833 
Daft  Bargain,  The:   A  ballad  of  26  lines  printed 
at  the  back  of  a  copy  of  the  Borrowdale  Letter. 
(B.  Steward.)    1841 
Dalby,  John :  Mayroyd  of  Mytholm.   8  vols.   1888 


ABBREVIATION 

Anderson,  name  of  Ballad 
Blamire,  Ballad 

Boucher 

Brockett 
Brown 
Brampton 
Fireside  Crack 

..  1897 

Burn,  Poem 
Rosenthal 
Willy  Wattle 
Muncaster  Boggle 
Shadow  of  Crime 
Son  of  Hagar 
C.  Jr. 
C.  Patr. 
Christian,  Name  of  Tale 


Pearl  in  Shell 

Sprig  of  White  Heather 

Rise  of  River 

Love  of  Lass 

Two  Ways 

Clark,  Survey 

ii       Name  of  Poem 

n       Rustic 
C.  Pacq. 
Cunningham 
Daft  Bargain 


Mayroyd 


AUTHORITIES 


GUI 


Dickinson,  "W. :  A  Glossary  of  the  Words  and  Phrases        Dickinson,  1859 

of  Cumberland.   1859.    (Died  1882) 
i,  A  Supplement  to  the  foregoing.  1867 

,,  Cumbriana,   or  Fragments  of  Cum-         Cumbrian  a 

brian  Life.  2nd  Edition.    1876 
ii  Lamplugh  Club.  1856  Lamplugh 

n  Reminiscences  of  West  Cumberland.         Reminiscences 


,i  Song  of  Solomon  in  the  Dialect  of 

Central  Cumberland.   1859 

ii  Uncollected    Literary    Remains    of 

William  Dickinson.  1888.  (Privately 

printed) 

Dixon,  J. :  Borrowdale  in  the  Old  Time,  as  gathered 

from  the  conversation  of  the  late  Sarah  Yewdale, 


Song  of  Solomon  (Dickinson) 


Dickinson — Remains 


Borrowdale 


East  Cumberland  News:  various  dates 
Ell  wood,  Rev.  T. :  Lakeland  and  Iceland.  1895  No.  77 
Eng.  Dial.  Soc.  publications. 
,i  The  Mountain  Sheep :  their  Origin 

and  Marking.    Trans.  Cumberl. 
andWestm.Antiq.Soc.  Vol. XV. 
English  Dialect  Dictionary  :  Parts  I.  to  VII. 
Farrall,  Thomas :  Betty  Wilson's  Cumberland  Teals. 

3rd  Ed.   1886.    (Died  1896) 
Ferguson,  R. :   The  Dialect   of  Cumberland,  with  a 
chapter  on  its  place-names.     1873. 
n  The    Northmen  in   Cumberland  and 

Westmorland.  1856 
Gibson,  A.  C. :    The  Folk-speech  of  Cumberland.  1873 
Gilpin,  Sydney  (G.  Coward) :   Songs  and  Ballads  of 
Cumberland  and  the  Lake  Country.  1st  Series 
(2nd  Edit.)    2nd  and  3rd  Series.   1874 
,t    The   Popular  Poetry   of  Cumberland  and  the 
Lake  Country.   1875 
Gilpin,   S.    and    Robinson,    Jacob:    Wrestling    and 

Wrestlers.  1868 
Gilpin,  Miss:  died  1811.    (Poems  in  Gilpin) 
Graham,   Charles:    Gwordy  and  Will.    A  Pastoral 
Dialogue.   1778  [a  Year."   1873 

Greenup,  Gwordie:  Cummerland   Alminac,   "Yance 

.1         Anudder  Batch.  1873 
Halliwell,  J.  0.:  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provin- 
cial Words.  2  vols.    1868 
Hodgson,  W.,  A.L.S, :    Flora  of  Cumberland.   1898 
Hope,  R.  D.:  Poems.    1888 
Hutchinson  :   History  of  the  County  of  Cumberland. 

1794 
Lakelan  Wdords  by  B.  Kirkby.  See  Penrith  Observer 
Joe  and  the  Landlord.  N.d. 


E.  C.  News 
Ellwood 

Sheep 

E.  D.  D. 
Betty  Wilson 

Ferguson,  Dialect 

Ferguson 

Gibson,  Name  of  Tale 
Gilpin,  Songs.  Author.  Ballad 

Gilpin,  Poetry.  Author,  Ballad 

Wrestling 

Blamire,  Ballad 
Graham,  Gwordy 

Yance-a-Year 
Anudder  Batch 
Halliwell 

Flora 
Hope 

Hutchinson 

Same 


CIV 


PREFACE 


Linton,  Mrs  E.  Lynn  (died  1896) ;  The  Lake  Country. 
1864 
ii        Lizzie  Lorton  of  Greyrigg.  3  vols.   18GG 
i.        With  a  Silken  Thread,  and  other  Stories.   1866 

Macpherson,  Rev.  H.  A.:  Vertebrate  Fauna  of  Lake- 
land.   1892 

Macpherson  and  Duckworth,  W. :  Birds  of  Cum- 
berland.  1886 

Martineau,  H. ;   The  English  Lakes.  1858 

Mary  Dravson's  Honeymoon  :  being  a  short  account 
of  her  visit  to  London.  By  a  Cum'erland  Lad. 
1872. 

Morris,  J.  P. :   T'  Siege  o'  Brouton.   1867 
m  T'  Invasion  o'  U'ston.   1867 

m  T  Lebby  Beck  Dobby.   1867 

Neilson,  G. :    Annals  of  the  Solway  until  a.d.  1397. 


Lake  Country 

Lizzie  Lorton 
Todhunter's;    or  Silken 

Thread 
Fauna 

Birds 

Martineau 
Mary  Drayson 


T  Siege 
T'  Invasion 
Lebby  Beck 
Solway 


Penrith  Observer  :  Nov.  2,  1897  to  June  2,  1898.    (A 

list  of  Lakeland  Words  by  B.  Kirkby) 

Piketah,  Roger  (Rev.  Dr  Barlow) :   Forness  Folk, 

the'r  Sayin's  an'  Dewin's ;   or  Sketches  of  Life 

and  Character  in  Lonsdale  north  of  the  Sands. 

Powley,  Mary :   Echoes  of  Old  Cumberland ;  Poems 

and  Translations.  1875.  (Died  1883) 

i.  Past  and  Present  among  the  Fells. 

Reprinted  from  Trans.  Cumb.  and 

Westm.  Arch.  Soc.   1876. 

Rawnsley,  Rev.  H.  D. :    Life    and    Nature   at   the 

English  Lakes.    1899 
Rayson,  J. :  Song  of  Solomon  in  the  Dialect  of  East 
Cumberland.   1859.   (Died  1857) 
ii  Miscellaneous  Poems  and  Ballads.    1858 

Rea,  Alice :  The  Beckside  Boggle.   1886 
Relph,  Rev.  Josiah:   A  Miscellany  of  Poems.   1747. 

(Died  1743) 
Richardson,  J.:    Cummerland  Talk.   1st  Series.   2nd 

Ed.    1886 

it  ii  i.      2nd  Series.   1876 

Rigby,  Cuthbert :  From  Midsummer  to  Martinmas.  1891 

Sanderson,  Th.:  Original  Poems.   1800.  (Died  1829) 

Sargisson,  J. :   Joe  Scoap's  Jurneh   through  Three 

Wardles.    1881 
Scott,  D. :   Bygone  Cumberland   and   Westmorland. 


Silpheo  (J.  Hutton) 


Billy  Brannan.   A  tale  of  the 
Abbey  Holme.  1898.  (Died  1896) 
Legends  of  Wolsty  Castle.  1881 
Miscellaneous  Songs.   1890 
Random  Rhymes.   1893 


Pen.  Obs. 
Forness  Folk 


Powley,  Echoes  ;   or  Echoes 
and  Ballad 
Fells 


Rawnsley 

Song  of  Solomon  (Rayson) 

Rayson,  Ballad 
Beckside 
Relph,  Ballad 

Richardson.  1st 

ii  2nd 

Midsummki; 
Sanderson 
Scoap 

Scott 

Brannan 

Wolsty  Castle 

Songs 

Random  Rhymes 


CORRESPONDENTS 


CV 


Stagg,  J.:  Cumbrian  Minstrel.   1821.    (Died  1823) 
„  Minstrel  of  the  North.   1821 

ii  Miscellaneous  Poems.    1807 

Sullivan,  J. :  Cumberland  and  Westmorland.  Ancient 

and  Modern.   1857. 
Watson,  J. :  Nature  and  Woodcraft.   1890. 
Waugh,  Ch. :  The  Fisherman's  Defence.   1807. 
West  Cumberland  Times  :  Various  dates. 

n  Christmas    Numbers    for 

1892,    1893,    1894,   1895, 
1896,  1897.  1898 
n  Holiday  Numbers  for  1893, 

1894 
Westmorland    and    Cumberland    Dialects:    1839, 
containing  Pastorals  by  Ewan  Clark ;  the  Borrow- 
dale  Letter  by   Ritson   (died   1794) ;    Poems  by 
Mark  Lonsdale  (died  1789),  and  others 
Wheatley,  J.  A. :  Joe  the  Buits,  or  "  Nobbut  a  Cum- 

merland  Lad."   1869 
Williamson,  W.  A. :  Local  Etymology.   1849 


Minstrel 
Stagg 

ii    Poems 
Sullivan 

Nature 
Fisherman 
W.C.T. 
W.C.T.X. 


W.C.T.H. 

Smith.  Author,  Title 


Joe  the  Buits 
Williamson 


CORRESPONDENTS 


NAME 

"Austin  Clare," 

(A.C.) 
Adair,  L. 
Arlosh,  J.,  M.A. 
Barnes,  H.,  M.D. 
Bolton,  J. 
Brown,  J.  W. 
Colton,  J.  H.  C. 
Dawson,  G.  (Nat. 

Hist.) 
Day,  F.  (Entomol.) 
Ellwood,  T.,  M.A., 

(T.E.) 
Fisher,  W.  W.,  M.A 

Oxford  (Minerals) 
Harkness,  D. 
Hetherington,  J. 
Hodgson,  Rev.  J. 
Hodgson,  Wm.,  A.L.S 

(Botany) 
Hutton,  J.,  Senr. 
Hutton,  J.,  Junr. 
Keene,  Rev.  Rees, 

M.A. 

Also 


DISTRICT 

Alston — E. 

Maryport — C,  W. 
Wreay — NC. 
Carlisle — NC. 
Cockermouth — C. 
Carlisle — NC. 
Carlisle— NC. 
Carlisle 

G.  and  Carlisle 
SW. 


Workington — C. 
Armathwaite — EC. 
Netherwasdale— SW 
G. 

Silloth— NW. 
Silloth — NW. 
Gosforth — SW. 


NAME 
KlRKBY,  B. 

Laurie,  Rev.  T.  E. 
Lee,  S.  (A.C). 

MACPHERSON,ReV.  H. 

A.,M.A.(Nat.Hist.) 
Moore,  R.  W. 
Morgan,  A.  T. 
Mosscrop,  R. 
Nelson,  J.,  Junr. 
Pattinson,  Jos. 

POWLEY,  J. 
ROUTLEDGE,   Wm. 

Rutherford,  Rev.W. 

A.,  D.D. 
Sewell,  J. 
Sharpe-Ostle,    Rev. 

J.,  M.A. 
Slater,  J.  B. 
Thompson,  H., 

M.R.C.V.S. 
Wrigley,  R. 

YOUDALE,     W.      H., 

F.R.M.S.  (Entomol.) 


DISTRICT 

Penrith — E.C. 
Bewcastle — N. 
Alston — E. 


Whitehaven — W. 
Whitehaven — W. 
Solport — N. 
Carlisle — N.,  NC. 
Drigg — SW. 
Langwathby — EC. 
Stapleton — N. 
Alston — E. 

Lamplugh — C. 
Skelton — EC. 

Carlisle — NC. 
Aspatria — B.,  NW. 

Brampton — NE. 
C. 


a  few  others  whose  names  appear  in  the  Glossary. 


CV1  PREFACE 


THE  WORDS  OF  OALD  CUMMEKLAV. 


Ya  neet  aa  was  takkan  a  rist  an'  a  smeukk, 
An'  snoozlan  an'  beekan  my  shins  at  t'grate  neukk. 
When  aa  thowt  aa  wad  knock  up  a  bit  ov  a  beukk, 
Aboot  t'words  'at  we  use  in  oald  Cummerlan'. 

Aa  boddert  my  brains  thinkan  some  o'  them  ower, 
An'  than  set  to  wark  an'  wreatt  doon  three  or  fower 
0'  t'kaymtest  an'  t'creuktest,  like  '  garrak,'  '  dyke  stower,' 
Sek  like  as  we  use  in  oald  Cummerlan'. 

It  turnt  oot  three-corner't,  cantankeras  wark, 
An'  keep't  yan  at  thinkan  fray  dayleet  till  dark ; 
An'  at  times  a  queer  word  would  loup  up  wid  a  yark, 
'At  was  reet  ebm  doon  like  oald  Cummerlan'. 

John  Dixon,  o'  Whitt'en,  poo't  oot  ov  his  kist, 
Ov  words  'at  he  thowt  to  hev  prentit,  a  list ; 
An'  rayder  ner  enny  reet  word  sud  be  mist 

Yan  wad  ratch  ivry  neukk  ov  oald  Cummerlan'. 

Than  Deavvy  fray  Steappleton  hitcht  in  a  lock, 
An'  Jwony  ov  RufYom  gev  some  to  my  stock ; 
Than,  fray  Cassel  Graystick  a  list  com,  fray  Jock ; 
They  o'  eekt  a  share  for  oald  Cummerlan'. 

Friend  Rannelson  offer't  his  beukks,  an'  o'  t'rest 
(0  man  !  bit  he's  full  ov  oald  stories — the  best) ; 
Aa  teukk  am  at  word,  an'  harry't  his  nest 

Ov  oald-farrant  words  ov  oald  Cummerlan'. 

Than  naybers  an'  friends  browt  words  in  sa  fast, 
An'  chattert  an'  laff't  till  they  varra  nar  brast, 
To  think  what  a  beukk  wad  come  oot  on't  at  last — 
Full  o'  nowt  bit  oald  words  ov  oald  Cummerlan'. 

Than,  who  can  e'er  read  it — can  eny  yan  tell  1 
Nay,  niver  a  body  bit  t'writer  his  sel ! 
An'  what  can  be  fuse,  if  it  o'  be  to  spell 

Afoor  yan  can  read  its  oald  Cummerlan'  1 


W.D. 


Workington, 

July  15th,  1859. 


OLOSSARY 


GLOSSARY 


OF  THE 


CORRIGENDA 

P.  lxxxii,  line  3  from  foot,  for  iea-aawu'R'  read  iea-aawu'R'. 
P.  380,  for  Whittlegate  read  Whittlegang. 

ADDENDA 

Flisk,  Obs. — -A  comb,  generally  large-toothed. 

I  have  not  heard  the  word  for  more  than  56  years.    W.H. 

Phillabegs,  G. — Long  drawers  worn  by  girls  and  visible  below  the 
dress.  Still  in  vogue,  though  much  less  common  than  of  old  (W.H.). 
Axt  him  if  he'd  ivver  seed  laal  sprickelt  paddicks  wid  phillybags  an'  gallases  on. 

W.C.T.X.    1899.     p.  4,  col.  2. 


tell.      Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  1. 

Aback,  g.  (u'baak) — Behind. 

We  help't  'im  in,  an'  hap't  'im  weel,  on 
t'  squab  aback  o'  t'  dooar. 

Gibson- Bran thet  Neuk.    p.  57,  line  2. 

Aback  o'  beyont,  g. — No  where  ; 
lost  in  the  distance.     "  Whoar  t' 
meer  fwoal't  t'  fiddler." 
"  Back  o'  beyond  "  was  an  evasive  answer 
to  "  Where  have  you  been  ?  "' 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  8. 
B 


Abide  :  see  Bide. 

Aboot   nowt,   nc,  sw.  (itboo.t). 
Said    of   an   idler,  or   of   a  thing 
which  is  unsuitable  for  the  pur- 
pose to  which  it  is  applied.   J.  ar. 
What  him?  Get  away;  He's  about  nowt. 

J.  Ar. 
What  's  t'  use  o'  sic  a  daftlike  thing  as 
that  mak  !  It's  about  nowt  for  sic  a  job 
as  yon  !      J.  Ar. 


GLOSSARY 

OP  THE 

DIALECT   OF   CUMBERLAND 


(The  letter  GJ-.  denotes  the  word  or  phrase  to  be  in  general  use ;  C.  indicates  the  use 
in  central  parts  (see  Introduction) ;  E.,  Alston  to  Langwathby ;  NE.,  Brampton  and  its 
surroundings ;  N.  includes  Longtown,  Bewcastle  and  Stapleton  j  NW.,  the  Abbey  Holme, 
the  upper  shores  of  the  Solway,  and  as  far  south  as  Aspatria,  whilst  SW.  refers  to  Gos- 
forth,  Ravenglass,  etc.,  and  B.  the  district  round  Wigton  and  Bolton.  It  has  been  found 
necessary  to  form  two  sub-divisions,  EC.  having  Penrith  as  its  centre  includes  Lang- 
wathby and  Skelton,  and  NC.  which  extends  from  a  little  south  of  Wreay,  to  a  few  miles 
north  of  Carlisle.  Ns.  embraces  N.,  NW.,  NE.,  NC. ;  also  Es.— NE.,  E.,  EC. ;  and  Cs—  C, 
WC,  NC,  EC.  When  the  quotations  are  reckoned  from  the  bottom  of  the  page,  the 
word  •"  line  "  and  the  number  are  in  italics.  For  the  pronunciation  according  to  the  chief 
divisions  (E.,  C,  NW.,  SW.)  of  the  County,  reference  must  at  times  be  made  to  the  long 
list  in  the  Preface  ;  thus  Girt  bees  is,  in  NW.  represented  by  Greet  bees,  but  for  economy 
of  space  this  variation  is  not  entered  under  the  Headword) 


Aamas :  see  Omas. 

Aaz,  c,  n.,  e.  (aaz).  I's,  e.,  sw. 
(aaiz).  (1)  I  am;  (2)  I  shall. 
Comp.  Be. 

"Ah's  (1)  to  hev  her." 
"  Ah's  (2)  give  him  a  whack  or  two." 
Betty,  lass,  thoo's  varra  canny,  ah's  (1) 
sure.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  10,  line  15. 

Nobbet  sit  thy  ways  still,  the  truth  I's  (2) 
tell.      Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  1. 

Aback,  G.  (cbaak) — Behind. 

We  help't  'im  in,  an'  hap't  'im  weel,  on 
t'  squab  aback  o'  t'  dooar. 

Gibson-  Branthet  Neuk.    p.  57,  line  2. 

Aback  o'  beyont,  g. — No  where  ; 
lost  in  the  distance.     "  Whoar  t' 
meer  fwoal't  t'  fiddler." 
"  Back  o'  beyond  "  was  an  evasive  answer 
to  "  Where  have  you  been  '?  " 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  8. 
B 


He  wishes  hur  an'  her  hoose  laitan  at 

ABACK  ABEYONT. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

A-bed,  g.  (u'BEd) — In  bed. 

"What 's  t'  matter?  "  t'  auld  wife  sed  ; 
That  roos't  me  up,  an'  fain  I  was 
'At  I  was  seat'  a-bed. 

Richardson  1st.    p.  83,  line  3. 

Abetm  wid  his  sel,  c.  nw.,  sw. 
Abeun  his-sen,  ne.,  nc.  Ower 
t'  meun  wid  hissel,  w.  —  Ee- 
joicing  beyond  reasonable  control. 

Abide  :   see  Bide. 

Aboot  nowt,  nc,  sw.  (uboo.t). 
Said    of   an    idler,  or   of   a  thing 
which  is  unsuitable  for  the  pur- 
pose to  which  it  is  applied.  J.  ar. 
What  him?  Get  away;  He's  about  nowt. 

J.  Ak. 
What  's  t'  use  o'  sic  a  daftlike  thing  as 
that  mak  !  It's  about  nowt  for  sic  a  job 
as  yon  !      J.  Ar. 


Aboot  what,  g. — The  substance  of 
it ;  (n.,  ne.)  what  quantity,  what 
size? 

"  They  bodder't  t'  poor  lad,  for  they  wantit 
to  git  shot  on  him,  thats  's  aboot  what, 
and  nowder  mair  ner  less." 

Abreed,  c,  E.  (u'br'ee.d).  Abraid, 
c.  (u'bried)— To  extend,  spread. 

Ack  :  See  Ne'er  ack. 

Acker,  (  aak.tj'R')— To  curl  or  ripple, 
as  water  in  a  breeze.      Ferguson. 

p.  167  (not  known).      See  Hacker. 

Acoase,  G.  (ukauz) — Because. 

Acoase  they  think  he  kens  me,  they  feed 
him  wid  drink. 

Gibson— T"  Reets  on  't.    p.  7,  line  1. 

Acockinecks,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (u'kauk.1- 
neks) — Riding  acockinecks  when  a 
child  rides  on  its  father's  neck  ; 
also  a  schoolboy's  game. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Oct.  26. 

Acram,  ne. — A  sort  of  ancient  bor- 
der judicature  wherein  a  person 
(plaintiff  or  defendant)  lay  bound 
till  his  champion's  victory  or  fall 
in  combat  determined  his  fate 
— to  death  or  freedom.      Nicolson. 

Acrook,  G.  (u'kriuok)— Crooked. 

T.E. 

Addle,  Addlins  :  see  Ay  die  and 
Aydlins. 

Affwordance,  n,nw, b.  (afwau.r- 
danz) — Ability  to  bear  some  ex- 
pense. 

Age,  c,  E.    (aej).     Yage,  n.,  e. 
(iaej)— To  grow  old. 
"  He  begins  to  age."    "  He  ages  fast." 

Agean,  c,  n.,  e.  (agiaan).  Again, 
sw.(  agien)— ( 1 )  again,  ( 2 )  against ; 
(3)  before. 

Prop't  him  up  (2)  agean  t'  oald  swine-hull 
Gibson— Branthet  Neuk.    p.  57,  line  4. 

An'  menny  a  time  lie  com  (1)  agean. 

Richardson  1st.    p.  13,  line  1. 


Wad  hev  a  breydewain,  an',  of  course, 
The  country  roun'  inveyted 

(3)  agean  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  2. 

Agean  t'  grain,  g.  (gr'ae.n)— 
Displeasing,  contrary  to  wish  or 
desire. 

"  He  did  it,  but  it  was  sair  agean  t' 
grain." 

Agean  t'  hand,  c,  sw.,  xw.— In- 
conveniently placed,  interfering 
with  progress. 

Ageat,  g.  (agiaat.)— Going,  on  the 
way,  on  foot  again,  progressing. 
I  thowt  agean  'at  if  I  set  him  ageat  he 
wad  mebby  tummel  doon  some  crag. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  33,  line  4. 

Let  a  stwory  git  ageaat  theer  and  yan 
'11  niver  hear  t'  last  on  't. 

Scoap.    p.  9,  line  12. 

I  meead  ooer  to  t'  forside  o'  this  pleass, 
past  sum  girt  weighs,  and  saa  o'  t'  fellas 
ageeat.  Forness  Folk.    $.9,  line 2. 

Agent,  e.  —  The  overseer  in  the 
Alston  lead  mines  ;  sometimes 
gaffer  is  used. 

Aglee :   see  Ajye. 

Aglet,  c,  sw.,  e.  (aag.let).  Tag, 
(taag).  Tiglet,  n.  (tig.let).  Yig- 
let,  (iig.let) — The  metal  end  of 
a  bootlace. 

Agreeable, g.(agree.ubul) — Wil- 
ling, assenting  to. 
"  Do  you  mind  giving  me  some  help  ?  ' 
"  Ey,  ah's  quite  agreeable." 

Ahint,G.(A-iNT.)Beliint,(BEE-ixT.) 
— Behind. 

I's  left  sum'at  ahint  me  at  Keswick. 
Gibson — Bobby  Banks,     p.  19,  line  17. 

While  close  behint  was  Reaven  crag. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  251,  line  7. 

Ahint  backs  :   see  Back  o'  backs. 

Ah  wey  :  see  Ho. — Carter's  word 
of  direction  to  turn  his  horse  to 
the  left. 


Aim,  G.  (aem)— To  intend,  to  pur- 
pose ;  to  attempt. 
"  He  aims  to  be  a  gentleman." 

Jwohn  pinch't  an'  spar't  .  .  .  aimin'  brass 
aneuf  to  seav. 

Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.    Stz.  3. 

I  watch't  his  kneavish  leer, 

An'  guess't  lie  aim't  to  slipe  wi'  me. 

RICHARDSON  1st.     p  .82. 

Aina  :   see  Tan. 

Air,  nw.,  E.  (aer')— Early. 

"  I've  struggl'd  sair  baith  late  and  air." 
Minstrel — Apparition.    Stz.  45. 

Aird,  ne.  (aer'd).  Ard. — ARD-land 
means  a  hard  and  hungry  soil, 
.  .  .  and  is  bad  land  because  it  is 
high.  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Dry,  parched,  arid,  applied  to  the 
quality  of  a  soil.  ...  In  the  sense 
of  "  high  "  I  do  not  find  it  in  our 

dialect.  Ferguson,    p.  167. 

Airk :   see  Ark. 

Airs,  c,  E.  (aer'z)— Humours. 

"He's  in  his  airs  to-day"— out  of  humour. 

Airt  :  see  Art. 

Airy,  G.  (ae.ri) — Breezy. 
It  was  rayder  airy  yesterday. 

Son  of  Hagar.    p.  45,  line  13. 

A-jee,  g.  (ajee.).     A-jye  (ajaal). 
Aglee,  n.,  e.  (aglee.) — On  one 
side,  awry,  crooked. 
Put  on  his  hat  right  jauntily  a-jee. 

Clark— Rustic,    p.  95,  line  4. 

He  stacker't  an'  mead  some  gye  steps. 

Richardson  2nd.     p.  7,  line  4. 

Sae  fine  she  goes,  so  far  aglee, 
That  folks  she  kenn'd  she  canna  see. 

Blamire — I've  gotten.    Line  13. 

GEE-nwosed,  crooked  nosed.  J.  Ar. 

Akinda  :  See  Kin'  o. 

Alag,  b.,  ec.  (alaa.g)— Not  suffi- 
ciently upright  :  too  horizontal, 
as  in  placing  a  ladder,    (ne.)    A 

B2 


term   used   in   calling    geese    to- 
gether.    The  sporting  term  for  a 
flight  of  geese  (e.d.d). 
T'  earful  o'  hay  gat  o'  alag. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  9, 1897. 

Alang, G.(ALAANG).    Lang,(LAANG) 

— Along ;  because  of,  when  con- 
joined with  of  or  on. 
"  It  was  o'  alang  o'  Dick  'at  Ah  fell  into't 
beck." 

I  was  meeakin  heeam  alang  t'  rooad. 
Gibson — Oxenfell  Dobby.    p.  92,  line  12. 

Stop  t'  cwotch,  lads  !   I  mun  be  out  at  o' 
resks,  and  it's  o'  lang  o'  that  blesh  yel. 
Cumbriana.    p.  93,  line  19. 

Allan,  g.  (aal.u'n) — A  piece  of  land 
nearly  surrounded  by  water ;  an 
island. 

Allay,  G.  (aal.lae.)— A  very  com- 
mon expression  signifying  1   am 
certain  ;  I  bet.     I  affirm  (J.S.O.). 
Allay  ye've  nivver  bitten  sen  breckfast. 
Pen.  Obs.    1893,  Ap.  5. 

Allegar,  c,  ne.  (aal.igar') — Vine- 
gar made  from  sour  ale. 
Gav  him  sum  alleker  en  brown  paper  tae 
lig  on  a  girt  caul  on  his  braw.    Smith — 
Wheeler's  Dialogue  III.    p.  56,  line  14. 

All  fours,  G.  (fauw.itr'z) — A  game 
of  cards. 

He  was  not  playing  all  fours  ;   there 
was  no  card  playing. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  5.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Alliblaster,  c,  n.,  e.  (aliblaast- 
th.U'R') — Alabaster.      This   word 
is  not  a  modern    corruption,  but 
occurs    in    an    inventory,    temp. 
Hen.  VIII  of  the  furniture  etc.  of 
St.  Martin's  at  Dover  : 
In  the  chappell  next  to  the  Priors  chamber, 
Item  j  olde  masse  bookes, 
Itm  ij  images  of  white  alleeblaster, 
Itm.  one  deske,  one  sakering  bell. 

Boucher. 
For  Sally,  she's  leyke  allyblaster, 
Her  cheeks  are  twee  rwose  buds  in 
May.       Anderson— Sally  Gray.    Stz.  7. 


Ally,  g.  (aal.i)  — The  aisle  of  a 
church,     (b) — A  taw.     See  Elly. 

The  Priest  neest  Sunday,  if  she  will ; 

May  publish  me  and  Sally, 
0  how  my  heart  wad  lowp  for  joy, 

To  lead  her  up  the  alley. 

Relph — Brand  New  Ballat.    Stz.  4,  5. 

Aloddin,  a,  n.,  sw.  (alaud.u'n)— 
Not  engaged — on  offer. 

"  She's  still  A-LODDIN." 

Alongst,  c.  —  Along  —  used  in  old 
deeds. 

Am,  G.  (u'M ;  if  emphatic,  im) —  i 
Him,  usually  connected  to  pre-  j 
ceding  word. 

"  Catch  am,  an'  hod  am,  an'  whack  am 
weel." 

An'  t'  oald  maister,  when  t'  lad  went  tull 
em  wid  his  complements,  telt  em  he  thowt 
we  warn't  far  werang.   Scoap.  p.  2,  line  13. 

Amackily,  g.   (amaak.uli)  —  In 
some  fashion,  partly. 
Yan  gits    amackily   tean   to   them  by 
degrees.       Richardson,  1st.    p.  58,  line  3. 

Amain,  C,  sw.  (u'MAE.n)  —  Vio- 
lently, quickly. 

Fowk  cud  lock  t'  wheels  ov  a  wood-waggon    j 
to  hinder't  o'  running  amain. 

Cumbriana.    p.  9,  line  17.    , 

Amang  hands,  G.— Among  other  i 
things,  in  addition  to. 
We've   roughness  amang   hands,  we've 
kye  i'  the  byre. 

Anderson — The  Aunty.    Stz.  1. 

Never  did  a  company  meet  composed  of 
the  aforenamed  that  "  a  fight  through    ! 
amang  hands  "  was  not  the  rule. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  2.    i 

Amell :  see  Mell. 

Amess,  g.  (Ames.).  Mess,  (mes). 
Mex.  Amex. — Oaths,  or  affirma- 
tions— Indeed  !  truly  ! 

"  Amess  it  is  " 

Reet  sarra't  ?    ey   mess  !    I  was  warn't 

gaily  weel.    Gibson — SneckPosset.  Stz.2.. 


"  Yeh  dunnot  mean  teh  tell  meh,  maister, 
at  yeh  ha  sebbemty  wives  teh  keep,  duh 
yeh  ?  "    "  Yis,  amess  hevee." 

Scoap.    p.  177,  line  19. 

Amiss,  g.  (amis.) — Used  in  a  slight 
(negative)  approval. 

"  It's  nut  seah  far  amiss." 

Amry,  ne.  (aa.mri).  Aumry, 
(auw.mry) — A  cupboard  or  place 
where  victuals,  and  sometimes 
plate  or  other  valuables  are  kept. 
Obsolesc. 
Cuckol  come  out  o'  the  amrie. 

Anderson— The  Cram.    p.  60,  line  12. 

An,  G.  (ITN)— If. 

T'ou  couldn't  mend  t'  laws  an  t'ou  waur 
man.     Blamire — Wey,Ned,man!  Stz.&- 

'An,  sw.  (u'n).     En. — Than. 

Mair  'en  yan  body  lait  't. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  19. 

An  ;  in  ; — The  terminative  ino  of 
the  present  tense,  is  pronounced 
an  or  un,  thus  risAN  (r'ei.zan)  or 
risuN  (r'ei.zu'n). 

See  ya,  he  comes  lowpAN  ower  t'  fells. 
Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   II.   v.  8. 

Aneath,  e.c,  n.  (uneeuth)— Be- 
neath. 
But  I  cower  aneath  their  look. 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    p.  203,  line  4. 

Anenst,  c,  sw.,  e.  (anenst.)  For- 
nenst,  6.,  N.f  and  e.  (fltrnenst.) 
Foment  (fu'rnent.)  Anemst 
in  some  old  writings. — Opposite 
to  ;  over  against. 

"  Their  house  is  eb'n  eornent  ours." 

0,  Matthew  !    they've  cutten  the  yeks, 
yews  an  eshes, 
That  grew  owre  anent  the  kurk  waw  I 
Anderson — Twee  auld  Men.    Stz.  1. 

Anenst  it,  about  a  styan-throw  off  Par- 

lemen-hoos,  was  Collerahip*hoos. 

Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  128,  line  3. 


Aneuf,  C,  e.  (aniuof.).    Aneugh, 
ne.  (anioo.gh).     Anoo,  e.,  sw. 
(anoo.) — Enough,  as  relating  to 
quantity  and  quality. 
"  T'  taties  is  aneuf." 

T'  pooar  lal  gowk  hesn't  gumption  aneuf. 
Gibson — T  Reets  on  't.    p.  7,  line  5. 

We'd  aw  hed  eneugh,  seah  scuttert  away. 
W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  5,  col.  3. 

Anew,  G.  (anioo.)  —Enough  as  re- 
lating to  number. 
We've  anew  o'  sic  as  thee,  an'  aneuf  o' 
what  thou  brings  wid  thee.    Gibson,  p.  163. 

Angleberries  :    see  Hineberries. 

Ang  nails,  c.  (aang.  naelz).  An- 
ger nails,  e.,  N.  (aang.u'R. 
naelz) —  Jags  round  the  finger 
nails.  Nails  grown  into  the  flesh. 
He  had  a  troublesome  "  back  friend  "  or 
"  agnail,"  at  which  he  often  bit. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  35,  line  8. 

Angry,  g.  (aang.ri)— Vexed.  Ap- 
plied to  a  sore,  it  means  inflamed, 
painful. 

Angs,  s.,  w.,  sw.,  e.  (Xangz.) — 
Awns  of  any  seed,  but  especially 
of  barley. 

The  barley  was  chopped  to  remove  all 
the  angs.     C.  Jr.   1899,Jan.l7.   p. 3,  col.l. 

Anise  :   see  Sweet  brackin. 

Ankle-bands,  c,  N.,  Ws.  Belts 
and  straps,  E.,  ne.  —  Shoes  or 
slippers  provided  with  a  strap  to 
fasten  round  the  ankle. 
Fer  dancin'  in  thers  nowt  better  ner  a  pair 
o'  ankle  straps.      Pen.  Obs.   1897,  Nov.  2. 

An'  o',  g.  (anau.) — Also,  and  all, 

too. 

"  We'd  breed  an'  butter,  an'  cheese,  an'  o', 

an'  o'  makes  o'  drink." 

If  ah'd  nobbut  brossen  thee  nwose  for 
then  an  OA,than  thoo  wad  ha  been  nicely 
pentit.  Scoap.    p.  21,  line  10. 

Anoint :   see  Oint. 


Anonder,  g.  (anaunddh.itr').  Ina- 
nonder,  Onder. — Under,  under- 
neath. 

I  set  off  i"  t'  rain  wid  my  basket  an'  t' 
things  in  't,  anonder  my  top-sark  to  keep 
o'  dry. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  18,  line  12. 

Dud  thoo  see  that  gurt  welken  rattan  gah 
in-anunder  t'  coorn  kist  ? 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  15.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Anonderneeve,  w. — Below,  under- 
hand. 

Anoo  :   see  Aneuf. 

Answer,  c,  e.  (aan.su'R')  —  The 
sense  in  which  this  is  used  can 
hardly  be  described;  "answering  this 
time  week  " — at  the  correspond- 
ing time  ;  "  answering  he  comes  " 
— provided  he  comes. 

Sullivan,    p.  90,  line  6. 

Anters,  nw.,  ec.  (aan.tthlfrz). 
Ananters,  e.  (anaan.tthu'R'z). 
— In  case  ;  perhaps. 

Here  my  yence  gay  companions  sleep  ; 
Or  anters  in  yon  mouldering  heap 
Some  luivelier  female  form  I  weep. 

Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  30. 

"  A'll  just  put  in  a  few  garden  seeds, 
ananters,"  said  a  village  shop-keeper  in 
sending  an  order  to  a  customer  in  the 
spring.      E.D.D. 

Tak  yer  top  cooat  antres  it  rains. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  2nd. 

Anudder-guess :  see  Other-guess. 

Apiece,  g. — With  the  subject  in  the 
plural — pennies-APiECE,  one  penny 
for  each  person,  or  per  article. 

"  They  got  pennies-apiece."     "  They  cost 

PENNIES-APIECE." 

An'  dancers  pat  i'  Brammery's  hat 
Pennies  a-piece  for  th'  fiddler. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  31. 

Applegarth  :  see  Orchat  in  Pre- 
face. 


April  Gowk,  a,  e.  (ae.prul- 
gauwk).  April  Noddy,  a,  SW. 
(ae.pru'l-naud.i).  April  feul, 
N.,  E.  (-fiuol) — April  fool.  See 
May  geslin. 
"  April  feul  is  past  and  gone, 
An'  thoo's  a  feul  for  thinkin'  on." — Said 
to  any  one  who  may  attempt  an  April 
fool  joke  after  mid-day. 

Arbitry,  c.  (aar.bitri) — Arbitrary 
—  applied  to  manorial  customs. 

Arch  whol,  a,  E.,  ne.  (aa.r'CH 
waul).  Bowel  w. ,  n., e.(bauwl). 
En'  w.,  C,  sw.  Jinny  w.,  c, 
EC,  nw.  Slit  w.,  sw.  (slit)— 
A  ventilating  hole  in  the  wall  or 
gable  of  a  barn  etc. 
They  were  growing  so  thin  that  she 
could  draw  them  through  a  slit  hole. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Nov.  1.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

They'd  croppen  through  an  arch  whol. 
Dickinson— Remains,    p.  205,  line  8. 

Arden  (aa.R'DU'n)  —  Fallow  quar- 
ter.        Ferguson,    p.  203  (Not  known). 

Argify,  g.  (aa.r'GIFAAi)— To  debate. 
Ye  mind  me  of  the  clerk  at  Tickell,  who 
could  argify  none  at  all  agen  the  greet 
Geordie  Fox. 

Shadow  ok  a  Crime,    p.  77,  line  19. 

Argy,  G.  (aa.rgi) — To  signify,  to 
argue. 

1  know  hoo  you  mak  o'  fwok  argies. 
Gibson — Yan  o'  t'  Elect,    p.  132,  line  16. 

"  See  how  blue  the  sky  is."    "  That  doesn't 
argy."         Son  of  Hagar.    p.  14,  line  27. 

Ark,G. (aa.rk).  Airk, n. (aeu.rk) 
— A  chest,  as  meal-ARK,  etc. 

2  Metal  Arks. 

W.C.T.    1899.    Feb.  25,  p.  1,  col.  6. 

Arls :   see  Yerls. 

Armin  Chair,  g.  (aa.rmin  chaer') 
— An  arm  chair  ;  elbow  chair. 

Come,  parson,  teake  the  airmin-cii aik. 
Anderson — Jurry's  Cursnin.    Stz.  4. 


Arr,  c,  sw.,  e.  (aar').  Err,  n.  (er') 

— A  scar  from  a  wound,  a  cicatrix. 

The  healen  plaister  eas'd  the  painfull  sair, 

The  arr  indeed  remains, but  nothing  mair. 

Relph — Harvest,    line  25. 

Arrals,  BE. (aaryulz) — Ring-worm. 
Ah  've  t'  arrals  on  mi  arm. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  2. 

Arridge,  g.  (aa'r.ij) — An  edge  or 
line;  "arris"  in  architecture. 
T'  toon-geaat  was  oa  peaavt  wih  wood 
peaavin  steaans,  .  .  an  t'  arridges  was 
haggt,  sooa  at  it  meaad  a  laal  gutter  run 
atweeinvery  cwoorse.    Scoap.  p. 93,  line 5. 

T'  craze  than  was  amang  t'  plewmen  to 
set  up  a  tine  arrage. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  10.    p.  6.  col.  1. 

Arse-beurd:  see  Car  end-bwoord. 

Arse-breed,  g.  —  A  contemptible 
width  or  extent. 

"  His  heal  land's  nobbet  a  arse-breed." 

Arse-smart,  c,  E.  Bity  tongue, 
0„  E.  —  The  pepperwort  plant — 
Polygonum  Hy  drop] per. 

Arsin,  b.  (aa.r'su'n)— In  leaping 
unfairly,  a  boy  throws  himself  on 
his  back  and  stretches  out  his  feet. 

Arsle,  g.  (aa.rsux)— To  go  back- 
wa  ids ;  to  be  evasive ;  to  idle  about, 
shuffle. 

"  He  threatened  law,  bit  at  last  was  gaily 
keen  to  arsle  out."      J.H. 

Art,  c,  sw.,  e.  (aart).  Airt,  jr., 
nw.  (aeu'R't)— Point  of  the  com- 
pass; quarter,  direction.  See  "Wad. 
"T' wind's  coald  this  spring whativer  art 
it  bio's  fray.'' 

Noah's   Ark   clouds — often  show    what 
airt  the  wind  is  going  to  blow  from. 

J.H. 

Arval,  0.,-H*.,  e.  (aa.R'VITl)— Any- 
thing connected  with  heirship  or 
inheritance  ;  used  chiefly  in  refe- 
rence to  funerals;  the  ka\  u. dinner, 
held  on  the  day  of  the  funeral,  was 
a  solemn  festival  to  exculpate  the 


heir  and  those  entitled  to  the 
possessions  of  deceased  from  the 
mulcts  or  fines  to  the  lord  of  the 
manor.  The  meals  provided  at 
funerals.  Ellwood. 
They  carried  the  carcase,  dangling  from 
a  pole,  to  the  nearest  public  house,  to 
drink  his  akval.    Cumbriana.  p.  61,  line  8. 

Arval  breed. — Cakes  which  each 
guest  received  at  a  funeral. 
The  Dale  Head  stores  of  small  cake-loaves, 
or  "  arval  "  (funeral)  bread,  and  the  like, 
had  been  generous. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  164,  line  6. 

Arvals. — Used  of  meat  and  drink 
supplied  at  funerals.  To  drink  off 
the  arvals — To  consume  what  has 
been  left  at  a  funeral.    Ellwood. 

As,  G.  (uz) — An  ellipsis  of  if. 
An  luik'd  as  he'd  gotten  a  flay. 

Anderson — Ned  Carnaughan.     Stz.  1. 

As  how,  Cs.,  Ws.  (u'z  oo.) — That. 

"  He  said  as  how  he  wad  nivver  gang 
near  them." 

Aside,  a,  e.  (asaai.d).  Aseyde, 
nw.  (asaei.d) — Beside,  near  to ; 
sidewise. 

"  Parton  aside  Whitten." 
Oald  Aberram  hes  a  fine  heap  or  two  liggin 
aside  Kirgat. 

Gibson — T'  Reets.  p.  8,  line  19. 
0,  that  down  aseyde  her  mey  heed  I 
could  lay  !      Anderson — Cocker.    Stz.  3. 

Ask,  g.  (aask) — The  lizard  is  called 
"  dry  ask,"  whilst  the  newt  is  known 
as  "  wet  or  water  ask." 
"  There's  plenty  dry  asks  in't  stean  waa's 
here." 

Aslant,  nw.  —  "Rayder  aslant" — 
slightly  deranged  mentally. 

A-slew,  g.  (aslioo.).  A-swint, 
(aswint.).  Swint,  n.,  e.  (swint) 
— One  sided;  out  of  truth;  dia- 
gonal. 

"  There's  nowte  sa  far  aslew  but  gud 
mannishment  med  set  it  streight." 

Proverb. 


"  She's  cut  t'  cloth  swint-ways."     J.H. 

It's  glorious  doon  on  t'  Sandy-beds  when 

t'  sun's  just  gan  to  set, 
An' t'  Clay-Dubs  isn't  far  aslew  when  t' 

wedder  isn't  wet. 
Gibson — Billy  Watson,    p.  40,  line  1. 

Asley,  o.;  e.  (aa.sli)— "  As  asley  " 
as  willingly  ;  as  soon  that  way  as 
the  other.  Probably  a  corruption 
for  "  As  leeve." 

A-spar,  g.  (aspaa.r).  A-spole, 
c,  E.  (aspau.l) — Wide  apart  or 
asunder — in  reference  to  the  feet. 
"  He  set  his  feet  a-spar." 

Assart,  (aas.art) — Cleared;  re- 
claimed,    assart  lands  are  forest 

lands  reclaimed.  Lake  Country. 

App.  1.    (Not  known  to  correspondents). 

Ass-Tbeurd :   see  Ass-trug. 

Ass-cat,  o.,  ec.  (aas-kaat)— One 
who  sits  by  the  fire  more  than  is 
necessary. 
As  grey  as  an  ass-cat.    Pen.  Obs.  Nov.  2. 

Assel-heed,  g.  (aas.U'L-eed)— The 
back  part  of  the  jaw  which  con- 
tains the  molars. 

It  meaad  ivery  teuth  eh  me  assel  heid 
chatter.  Scoap.    p.  18,  line  11. 

Assel- teuth..  G.— A  molar  or  grinder- 
tooth. 

Hoo  menny  assle  teeth  may  a  sheep  hev 
oa  tegidder  ?  Scoap.    p.  76,  line  6- 

Assel-tree,  g. — Axle  tree. 

T'  asseltree  an'  aw  togidder  went  roond, 
an  asseltree  was  keept  in  its  pleace  by 
fower  wooden  pegs. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  1st.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

Ass-grate,  g.  (gr'aet) — A  grating 
through  which  ashes  pass  from 
the  fire  into  a  sunken  cell  beneath. 

Ass-lugged,  c.  (ltjogt) — Said  when 
partners  at  whist,  holding  all  the 
honours,  fail  to  win  the  odd  trick. 

w.H. 


Ass-neuk,  g.  (niuok)— The  recess 
under  the  firegrate,  where  the 
ashes  are. 

In  maist  nooses  ther's  t'  hood  nuik,  an' 
t'  ass-njuk.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  2. 

Ass-tmg,  c,  sw.  Ass-beurd,  n.,e. 
(biuord) — Ashes  box. 

Peer  man  !   her  fadder  weel  we  ken, 
He's  but  an  ass-buird  meaker. 
Anderson — Weyfe  fer  Wully.    Stz.  1. 

He  maks  teables,  copy-steuls,  asstrugs. 
C.  Pacq.    1803,  Dec.  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Asteed,  g.  (astee.d) — Instead. 

Asteed  of  Amen,  I  say  "m'appen  I  may." 
Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  5. 

Astoop,  sw.,Ns.,e.(u'STOOp)— Bent 
with  age,  pain  or  labour. 
He  begins  ta  gang  sair  astoop. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  2. 

Astruddle,  g.  (astruod.itl) — 
Astride,  legs  wide  apart. 

We  pot  V  winnlass  astruddle  eh  t' wholl. 
Scoap.    p.  224,  line  21. 

Aswint :   see  A- slew. 

At,  g.  (at  ;  U'T)— That,  (rel.  pron.). 

A  gay  lang  nwose  at  wasn't  set  varra 

fair  atween  t'  e'en. 
Gibson — Joe  the  Geologist,    p.  1,  line  14. 

— That,  (conj.). 

"  Its  time  at  he  were  here." 

Ferguson,    p.  159. 
I  charge  ye,  .  .  if  ye  finnd  my  leuvv,  'et 
ye  tell  am,  'et  I'ze  seek  o'  leuvv. 
Dickinson— Song  of  Solomon.  Chap.V.,  v.8. 

— sw.  and  some  fell  dales. — To,  as 
the  sign  of  the  infinitive.    Rarely 
heard. 
Aw  wad  leyke  at  gan  to  Carel. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  5. 

Yee  yersel'gat  a  lile  lump  off  aid  Geoordie 
Flimming'  field  ut  meeak  yer  bit  of  a 
gardin'.     Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns. 

p.  66,  line  6. 

— To,  (prep.)  ;  in,  about. " 
Ah  can  dui  nought  mair  at  it. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  9. 


A  young  woman  left  her  work  after  thin- 
ning one  stitch.  The  farmer  .  .  asked 
her  why  she  left.  She  innocently  said, 
"  Maister,  ah  could  mak  nowt  at  them 
.  .  t'  stitches  war  sea  long." 

E.  C.  News.    1896,  Sept.  5.    p.  8,  col.  6. 

What  seesta'  at  her  .  .  meaks  she's  nea 
greit  things?    Graham — Gwordy.  Iine52. 

'At  is  aa,  g. — That  I  am.  There 
are  many  similar  combinations 
with  be  and  do. 

An'  aw's  cum't  to  advise  tha' .  .  'at  is  ee. 
Lonsdale — Love  in  Cumberland.    Stz.  1. 

'At  is  't,  g. — That  it  is. 

"  It's  gay  bad  wark  'at  is  't." 

T'  sop's  a  gay  gude  weather-glass,  that 

is  %        Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  273,  line  2. 

Atomy,  c,  n.,  e.  (aat.U'Mi)  —  A 
skeleton. 

"  She's  dwinnelt  away  til  a  atomy." 
Our  Jwohnny's  just  chang'd  tull  a  parfit 
atomy.   Anderson — OurJwohnny.  Stz.l. 

Atter,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (aatth.itr)  —  A 

spider  ( Arachnida) .      Ellwood. 

Attercop,  c,  sw.  (aatthu'R'kaup). 
Speyder  wob,  n.  (spaei.ddhu'R' 
waub).  Cock  web,  e.,sw.(kauk. 
web) — Spider's  web  ;  spider,  and 
a  cross-grained  person  (Lake  Coun- 
try. App.  I) ;  a  sprightly  child  (W.H.). 
"  What  is  she  than  ?  "  "Daddie's  lile  at- 
tercop."     W.H. 

My  Grandy  (God  be  wud  her,  now  she's 

geane) 
Skilfu'  the   gushen   bluid  wi'   cockwebs 

staid.  Relph — Harvest,    line  22. 

Attermite, (aatth.ur'maait).  Obs. 
— It  is  very  uncertain  to  what  in- 
sect this  name  referred,  but  the 
evidence  collected  points  to  some 
"  venomous  insect,"  probably  the 
Clegg — Stomowyi  oaMtrant :  the  lar- 
va of  the  Lousy  beegle  was  called 
Attermui  (G.D.).  A  cross-grained 
person.     Lake  Couwtry.    App.  i. 


Atwea,  g.  (atwee.) — In  two. 

An'  0  !  their  words  they  cut  like  swords 
The  parents'  hearts  a-twee. 
Burn — Master  William,   p.  248.  Stz.  12. 

Atween,  g.  (atwee.n) — Between. 

A  gay  lang  nwose  at  wasn't  set  varra 
fair  atween  t'  e'en.  Gibson — Joe  and 
the  Geologist,    p.  1,  line  14. 

Atween  whiles,  g.  Between 
whiles. — In  the  meantime. 

Atwine,  g.  (u'twaai.n) — Twisted, 
out  of  the  straight. 

Atwist,  g.  (u'twist.) — Twisted. 

Auldwife:   see  Feut  an' arse. 

Aund,  c,  Es.  (aund).  Owned.— 
Fated,  destined.     Obsolescent. 

"  It's  owned  to  gaa."     S.D.B. 

It's  own'd,  it  seems  to  be, 
And  weel  I  waite  what's  owned  yen  can- 
not flee. 

Relph — St.  Agnes  Fast.    p.  97,  line  3. 

Aunter,  c,  e.  (aantth.U'r).  San- 
ter,  (s aantth.u'R')  —  An  adven- 
ture ;  a  story  ;  "  An  oald  wife 
santer" — an  unauthenticated  tra- 
dition. 

Whedder  that  was  nobbut  an  oald  wife 
saunter,  ah's  suer  ah  dunnot  knoa. 

Scoap.    p.  201,  line  13. 

"  He's  fashed  wi'  anters,"  he  is  troubled 
with  fancies  and  doubts. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Avised,  g.  not  sw.  (u'vaai.zt).  — 
Aviced,  n.  (itvaelst)  —  Com- 
plexioned  :  thus  dark-AvizED,  light- 
avized.  (nw.)  More  commonly  vized, 
as  "  varra  reedly  vized"  (j.h.). 

I'se  black- avize't,  bit  canny. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.  Chap.  I,  v.  5. 

Away,  g.  (awae.) — To  go  away. 
"  I'll  away  to  t'  church." 

— For  ever,  continuously. 

Let  them  swine  away  amang  ther  muck 
an'  durt.  Scoap.    p.  102,  line  5. 


Away  wid,  g. — To  put  up  with  ; 
to  allow  ;  to  suffer. 
"  It's  a  lee,  and  I  can't  away  wid  it." 

Awivver,  c,  sw.  (u'wiv.U'r). 
Wnvver,  b.  —  However  ;  used 
mostly  as  an  emphatic  interjection 
at  the  end  of,  and  having  no  con- 
nection with  the  rest  of  the  sen- 
tence. 

That's  true  eneuf  awivver. 

W.C.T.X.    1898.    p.  10,  col.  4. 

Awny,  n.,  e.  (au.ni) — Having  awns. 

Awsom,  G.  (au.su'm) — Appalling, 
awful. 

What  awsome  sights  there's  to  be  seen. 
Rayson — Worton  Boggle.    Stz.  1. 

Awthet :   see  Hod  off. 

Awwtin' :   see  Jant. 

Ax  at  church,  c,  e.,  w.,  nc.  Hing 
in  t'  bell  reap,  c.  Cry  i'  the 
kirk,  n.,  e.  — During  the  three 
weeks  during  which  the  banns  of 
marriage  are  being  published,  the 
couples  are  said  to  hang  in  the 
bell  ropes. 

But  widows  for  ever  for  hooking  auldfules 

Neist  week  she  was  cryed  wi'  my  feyther. 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Mar.  10.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

We're  hingin'  i'  t'  bell  reaps  .  .   to  t' 
parson  I've  toak't. 

Gibson — Grayson.    Stz.  8. 

The  furst  teyme  you're  cried  i'  th'  kurk, 
I'll  step  my  ways  up,  an'  forbid  it. 

Anderson — Glendinning.    Stz.  5. 

Promise  thy  wheyte  nan'  to  me  ; 
Let's  be  axt  to  kurk,  on  Sunday. 

Anderson — Wully  an'  Mary.    Stz.  5. 

They  were  ca't  t'  next  Sunday,  they  war 
weddit  t'  last  Friday. 

W.C.T.H.    1891.    p.  12,  col.  3. 

Ax't  oot,  G.  not  n. — The  banns  having 
been  three  times  published. 
I  reckon  some  one  that's  here  is  nigh  ax't 
oot  by  Auld  Nick  in  the  kirk  of  the  nether 
world.      Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  33,  line  16. 


10 


Ay,  G.  (aai)  —  Always,  ever  ;  often 
used  as  an  expression  of  surprise 
or  wonder. 
Thou's  ay  as  dear  to  me. 

Rayhon — Jean.  Stz.  1. 
aih  !  hoo  often  ah  hev  werritten  them 
varra  words.  .      Scoap.    p.  1,  line  1. 

Ayder  syne  mak,  C,  Ws.  —  Not 

a  pair  ;  different  kinds. 

Aydle,  c.  (ed.ul).  Addle,  e.,  sw. 
(aad.ux).  Ettle,  e.,  n.  (et.tj'l) 
— To  earn  ;  to  deal  out  sparingly. 

I's  gan  to  eddle  me  live  shillin'  middlin' 
cannily.  Gibson — Joe  and  the  Geologist. 
p.  2,  line  8. 
Lig  theh  doon  an  rust  thee-sel,  for  thoo's 
aidelt  it  weel.  Scoap.    p.  22,  line  6. 

A  raggy  April  an'  a  groo  May 
Gars  eydent  farmers  ettle  out  their  hay. 
Old  Sayino. 

Aydlins,  c.  (ed.linz.).  Adlins,  e., 
sw.  (aad.linz).  Etlins,  e.,  n. 
(et.linz) — Earnings. 

Always  spendin'  aw  his  aidlins, 
Oft  eneuf  withoot  a  meal. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  42,  line  3. 

Ayont,  g.  (a-iaunt) — Beyond. 
A  boggles  been  seen  with  twee  heeds, 
Lord  help  us !  ayont  Wully  carras. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  9. 


Back,  (baak)— A  mining  term,  the 
natural  vertical  cleavages  of  the 
coal. 

A  white  spar  in  the  backs  of  the  coal 
S.  Dodgson. 


B 


B — Generally  silent  at  the  end  of 
a  syllable,  but  not  so  P. 

Babblement,  g. — (baa.bu'lmu'nt) 
— Silly  discourse. 

Babby  laikins,  g.  (baab.i  lae.- 
kinz)— ^Children's  playthings  ;  tri- 
vialities. 

Here's  baby-laikins,  rowth  o'speyce, 
On  sta's  an'  ra's  extended. 

St  ago — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  29. 


Back,  G.  Behind  hand,  backward. 

Willie  Mains  was  a  little  back  with  his 
ploughing.  Mayroyd.    p.  73,  line  5. 

Back-an'-edge,  c,  se.,  nw.  (u'n-ej) 
— Entirely,  completely. 
Nay  !  it's  gone  back  an  edge. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Back-bred,  G.  (bred.)— Bred  late 
in  the  year  or  season. 

Back  dyke,  g.  (daaik)— Many  of  the 
fences  against  commons  were  for- 
merly breasted  with  stone  on  the 
exposed  side,  or  with  stone  and 
sod,  and  backed  up  with  earth  on 
the  inner  side,  hence  the  name. 

Backen,  g.  (baak.U'n) — To  retard. 

Back  end,  G. — The  autumn. 

"  T"  back  end  's  ola's  t'  bare-end."      Prov. 

He  was  employ't  at  oald  Joe  Walker's  ta 

hurd  f  crows  off  t'  wheet,  i'  t'  back  end. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  150,  line  12. 

Backerly,  c,  e.— Shy. 

But  what  can  a  girl  do,  .  .  when  a  lad  is 

SO  BACKERLY.  RlSE  OF  RlVER.      p.  124. 

Back-fetch,  g.  (-fech)— An  after- 
thought. 

Back-heel,  g.  (-eel) — A  term  in 
wrestling,  sometimes  called  ''catch- 
ing the  heel."  This  is  accomplished 
by  throwing  the  heel  behind  that 
of  the  opponent,  pushing  his  foot 
quickly  to  his  front,  and  at  the 
same  time  throwing  the  whole 
of  the  body  forward ;  this  forces 
the  opponent  backward  and  he 
falls  on  his  back. 

If  the  heel  is  only  planted  behind 
that  of  the   opponent,  a   fall    is 


11 


obtained  by  pressing  the  body 
forward.  This  is  called  '■  hanker- 
ing the  heel." 

T Was  BACK-HEELED. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  June  30.    p.  3,  col.  5. 

Back-hod,  G.  (aud) —  A  term  in 
wrestling.  The  back-hod  occurs 
under  the  following  conditions : — 
one  man  partly  turns  round  in  the 
arms  of  his  opponent  with  the 
object  of  getting  him  on  his  back 
and  throwing  him  heels  over  head, 
but  the  other  to  prevent  this,  slips 
down  when  the  first  is  in  the  act 
of  turning,  and  holds  him  in  a 
tight  grip  from  behind,  and  thus 

getS   a  BACKHOLD. 

William  Litt  .  .  added  greater  distinction 
to  the  "  back-hold  "  wrestling  of  Cum- 
berland and  Westmoreland  than  any  other 
individual.         Wrestling,    p.  61,  line  13. 

Backins,  g.  (baak.inz) — Cotton 
wool  prepared  for  filling  up,  and 
clippings  of  cloth  formerly  used 
by  tailors  for  stiffening  coat  collars. 
T  lads  put  cotton-BACKitr  an'  cayanne 
pepper  under  t'  door. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  18,  col.  2. 

Back-kest,  g.  (kest).  Back  fling, 
E.  (fling)— A  relapse. 

"  He  was  mendan  nicely,  but  he  gat  a  sair 
back-kest  i'  winter."' 

There  has  been  no  backcast  in  his  gra- 
dual recovery. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  10.    p.  7,  col.  7. 

Back-kest,  g. — Long  ago. 
An'  'yont  hoaf  a  life  time, 
Far  back-kest,  yan  sees 
A  lad  wid  two  sweethearts.         Gilpin —    j 
Songs,  3rd.   Gibson's  Breezy  St.  Bees,  Stz.  6. 

Back-look,  g.  (liuok) — Retrospect,   | 
record  of  the  past. 

The   Todhunters   had  not   quite   such  a    j 
steady  name  nor  such  a  back  look  as  the 
Postlethwaites.         Todhunter's.    p.  259. 


Back  nor  edge,  Cs.,  Ws. — Unman- 
ageable ;  useless  like  an  old  knife  ; 
neither  one  way  nor  the  other. 
"  I  can  mak  nowt  on  him  nowder  back 
nor  edge  " — I  can  influence  him  neither  in 
one  way  nor  another. 

May  be  ye'r  like  the  rest  on  us  ;  ye  can 
make  nowt  on  him,  back  ner  edge. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  28,  line  2. 

Back  o'  backs,  g.     Ahint  "backs, 

N. — Behind  one's  back. 

It  wasn't  fair  to  speak  this  way  back-o' 

backs.  Fireside  Crack     p.  19,  line  11. 

Back  rackonin,  g.  (-r'aak.nin) — 
Settlement  of  old  money  differ- 
ences ;  a  reference  to  an  old  griev- 
ance. 

My  fadder  settlet  some  back  rackonings. 
W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  1. 

Back-set,  g. — Reserve  ;  something 
to  fall  back  on ;  a  relapse. 

Backset    and   foreset,    g.  —  Sur- 
rounded with  difficulties. 
He's  backset  and  foreset  .  .  .  he's  made  a 
sad  mull  on  't. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  114,  line  17. 

Backside,  g.  (saaid)  —  The  back- 
yard of  a  house  ;  premises  or  field 
immediately  to  the  rear  of  a  house. 
The  buttocks. 

The  witch-  weyfe  begg'd  in  our  backseyde. 
Anderson — Grizzy.    Stz.  1. 

Yea  Sunday  mworn,  i'  Bell'  backseyde, 

They  geddert  up  a  gay  few, 
But  fand  it  cauld  to  stawn  i'  th'  fauld. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  2. 

Back  stick,  g.  (stik.)  —  The  rod 
connecting  the  foot-board  of  the 
spinning-wheel  with  the  crank. 
(n.)  A  sword. 

Back  up,  G.  (uop) — An  angry  cat 
elevates  its  back,  and  so  an  angry 
person  is  said  to  set  his  back  up. 
When  it'  back  was  weel  up  an'  o'  ruddy 
for  war  It  wad  lick  a  cur  dog. 
Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.    p.  135,  line  6. 


12 


Back  watter't,  g. — When  the  tail 
race  of  a  wheel  is  flooded  the 
stream  above  is  unable  to  keep  the 
wheel  moving,  and  the  mill  is  back- 
watered.  Also,  to  be  in  financial 
straights. 

Backword,  g.  (wuord).  Back- 
chat,  g.  (chaat)— A  countermand- 
ing ;  reply,  answer ;  the  giving 
back  of  words  of  contention  as 
good  as  had  been  sent. 
"  They  ax't  us  to  t'  tea  yaa  day,  and  than 
they  sent  us  backword." 

Wliietly  Kit  bore  her  clatter, 
Nea  backwurd  he'd  gie'n  her. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  6. 

It  was  the  first  time  he  had  ever  given 
his  mother  a  backword. 

Todhunter's.    p.  276,  line  19. 

Bad  bread,  g.  (baad-br'eed)— To 
be  out  of  favour  is  to  be  in  bad 

breed. 

That's  hoo  he  gat  inteh   sec  bad  breed 

wih  t'  maister.  Scoap.    p.  139,  line  11. 

Baddan,  c,  E.  (baad.u'n).  Baddin, 
N.  (baad.u'n)— Bad  one  ;  the  evil 
one. 

He  telt  me  it  was  a  fashion  to  weer  huips ; 
nut  a  badden  nowther  if  it  keeps  their 
legs  togidder. 
Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,  p.  180,  line  11. 

Badder,  g.  (baaddh.U'r)— -Worse. 

"  Many  a  badder  thing  med  happen." 

Baddest,  g.  (baad.ust) — Worst. 

"  It's  t'  baddest  thing  'at  could  hev  hap- 
pen't.*' 

Badger,  c.,Ws.,e.(baad.-ju'r).  Bad- 
ger body,  n.  (baud.i)— A  person 
who  buys  corn  and  retails  the 
meal  ground  at  the  mill  of  another ; 
a  travelling  dealer  in  butter,  etc. 
Carel  badgers  are  monstrous  sad  fwok, 
The  peer  silly  de'ils  how  they  wring  up. 
Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  5. 

Hit   \vli;ic  can  believe  what  the  badger 
wad  say  1  Gilpin— Songs,    p.  7,  line  7. 


Badly,  g.  (baad.uli) — Poorly ;  out 
of  health. 

He  duddent  wonder  at  fowk  bein'  badly 
when  they'd  doctors  cummin'  an'  givin' 
them  eneuf  o'  nasty  physic 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  73y  line  10. 

Bad  man's  posy,  nc.  (pau.zi) — 
Purple  Dead-nettle— La mium  pwm 
pvrevm.  A  local  name  confined  to 
Carlisle  and  district  (w.H.). 

Bad  to  bide,  g.  (tu'  baaid).  Sair 
to  beyde,  n.  (saer  tu'  baeid) — 
Hard  to  endure. 

The  pangs  of  hunger  became  bad  to  bide. 
Forness  Folk.    p.  68,  line  3. 

Bad-word,  g.  (wuord).  Hard- 
word,  G.  (aard) — Abuse. 

He  gat  t'  bad-word  fra  t'  gaffer. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Nov.  2nd. 

Bag,  G.  (baag) — The  belly ;  the 
udder  of  a  cow. 

Baggin,  g.  (baag.in) — Provisions 
taken  into  the  field  for  workmen. 

An'  baggin  ready  cuok'd,  is  fetch'd 
Frae  Peerith,  Carle,  an'  Wigton  ; 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    stz.  9. 

Baggish.,  g.  (baag.ish;  baag.ij) 
— Baggage ;  a  term  of  reproach  em- 
ployed towards  a  child  or  woman, 
— "  a  dirty  baggish." 

Be  duin  ! — leyle  baggish  !  Ill  gie  thee 
a  slap  ! 

Anderson — Mudder's  Fowt.    Stz.  '2. 

Yet  still  I's  pleas'd  whene'er  the  BAeem 
sings.  Graham — Gwordy.    line  53. 

Bag  shakkins,  G.notE.(sHAAK.ixz). 
Pwoak  shakkins,  G.  (pwai  k- 
shaak.inz)— A  short  supply — the 
last  of  it.  Sometimes  applied  to 
the  youngest  of  a  family,  especi- 
ally when  delicate. 

Nea,  he's  nut  Strang,  lie's  nobbut  pwoak- 
shakkins.    S.D.B. 


13 


Bagwesh,  g.  (baag-wesh).  Hag- 
wesh,  nw-  Poverty  and  disrepute. 
That  family  was  as  foothy  as  any  family 
in  t'  parish  fifty  year  sen,  an'  now  they've 
aw  gean  to  hagwesh.  J.H. 
They  bangt  us  oa  teh  bagwesh. 

Scoap.    p.  27,  line  13. 

Bain,  g.  (baen).     Gain,  c,  n.,  sw. 

'(gaen)  —  Handy,    willing,    near, 
accomodating.     See  Tittermest. 

"  It's  a  bain  lad,  poor  thing  !  " 
"  Yon's  t'  bainest  way." 
Cockermuth's  .  .  a  gay  bit  bainer. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  15,  line  10_ 

Bait,  g.  (baet) — Luncheon  or  in- 
termediate meai ;  a  feed  for  a  horse 
whilst  on  a  journey ;  the  grain  or 
cleavage  of  wood  or  stone. 
Sliven  gangs  wud  t'  bait.    Proverb. 
Just  a  bite  o'  cheese  an'  bread ; 
They'd  browt  for  V  bait. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  89,  line  7. 

*— To  stop  to  feed. 

Baiting,  g.  (bae.tan)— A  teasing. 
I'll  hev  frae  our  tweesome  a  baitin. 

Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  4. 

Bak-bwooard,  G.  (baak  bwaur'D  ; 
biaak-bwaur'd) — A  board  upon 
which  to  roll  dough,  a  baking  board. 
Thare  war  muse-deer  hworns  as  bryad  as 

OUr  BACK-BWORD. 

Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  128,  line  10. 

Bakhus,  g.  (baak.U's) — Back  room 
of  the  house  ;  bakehouse. 
T'  sign  for  that  wad  be  a  yubben  mooth, 
an'  mebbee  a  leeaf  or  two — but  I's  want- 
in'  a  sign  for  a  public-hoose,  nit  a  bak- 
hus. Cumbrian  a.    p.  49,  line  3. 

BACKUs-neet ;    the  night  when  the  bake- 
house was  at  work.      E.D.D. 

Bakstean,  G.  (baak.stitn) — An 
iron  plate  or  slate  on  which  to 
bake  cakes. 

As  doncen  mad  as  a  steg  on  a  het  back- 
stan.  Sullivan,    p.  90.  line  16. 


Bald-faced :   see  Boly. 

Ball  money,  n. — Money  given  by 
wedding  parties  at  the  church 
gates  to  children  to  buy  balls.  In 
some  parishes  the  scholars  buy 
coals  with  this  money  for  the 
school  fires.  The  men  give  each, 
if  booted  and  spurred,  sixpence  ; 
women  nothing.  In  the  West  the 
money  is  given  without  rule,  and 
is  spent  on  sweets,  etc. 

Bally  cruds  :   see  Bull-jumpins. 

Bally-rag,  g.(baali.r'aag.)  Bully- 
rag, g  (buol.i-raag) — To  scold  or 
reproach  ;  to  rally  contemptously. 
T'  oald  Patriarch  his-sel  was  whyte  divar- 
tit  wih  t'  way  ah  bullyrag't  a  lock  eh 
t'  warst  end  o'  them  fer  ther  ill-geeness. 
Scoap.     p.  167,  line  3. 

Bam,   c,  EC,  (baam)  — A  jesting 
falsehood,  trick,  cheat. 
Bit  peelin'  o'taties  was  thought  a  girt  sham 
And  t'  prentice  was  setten  to  sera  pin' ; 
Nea  doubt  he  thought  scrapin' was  nought 
bit  a  bam, 
And  was  laid  on  ta  him  as  a  snapin'. 

Cumbbiana.    p.  244,  line  9. 

Band,  c,  e.  (baan) — A  boundary 
on  high  and  unenclosed  land.  To 
break  bands  is  to  trespass  as  sheep 
will  do  on  the  hill  side.  A  tether. 
We  have  Taylor's  gill  band  in  Borrowdale 
— the  "gill"  which  formed  Taylor's  bound- 
ary. So  also  Millstone  band,  the  stone 
which  marked  the  boundaries  of  Mioll. 

Ferguson,    p.  40,  line  10. 

He's  hed  ower  mien  band. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

Bandylan,  c,  nc.  (baand.ix'un)— 
A  prostitute,  a  virago.     Obs. 
Ye've  heard  of  Bet  the  bandylan. 

Rayson — Randy  Mally.     line  1. 

She  brays  the  lasses,  starves  the  lads— 
Nae  bandy-lan  can  match  her  : 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  4. 


14 


Bang,  g.  (baang) — An  act  of  haste. 
Also  (e.)  a  lever,  a  long  pole  shod 
with  iron  to  ripe  big  stones  out  of 
the  earth  (j.p.). 
"  He  com  in  wid  a  bang." 
I  thowt  it  hard  my  words,  for  't  com 
To  t'  window  sash  wi'  sek  a  bang. 

Richardson  1st.    p.  48,  line  4. 

— To  beat,  to  strike,  to  knock ;  to 
overcome,  surpass,  excel,  outdo ; 
to  move  with  rapidity,  to  go  in  a 
hurry.  To  bang  up,  is  to  start  from 
a  position  of  rest. 
"  He  was  bad  to  bang." 
I've  twee,  nit  aw  Englan  can  bang  them. 
Anderson — Nichol.  Stz.  9. 
And  aw  the  milk  vessels  bang'd  out  at 
the  duir. 

Pen.  Obs.   1887,  Mar.  29.   p.  6,  line  28. 
The  fiddlers  bang'd  up  on  their  legs. 

Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  41. 
Sooner  shall  urchins  bang  swuft  hares  in 
race.   Clark — Roger  Made  Happy,  line  57. 

Banger,  g.  (baang.U'r) — Anything 
great. 

"It  is  a  banger." 

Bank — Wards,  as  denoting  direction. 
See  doon-,  in-  and  up-bank. 

Bannock,  c,  N.,  B.,  nw.  (baan.U'k) 
— A  thick  cake  made  of  barley, 
oat  or  wheat  flour  and  water, 
baked  on  a  girdle,  usually  for  the 
harvest  home  or  kern  supper,  (sw.) 
A  rich  pastry  cake  having  an  inner 
layer  of  raisins,  currants  and  can- 
died peel,  eaten  at  kern  suppers  ; 
similar  to  Cum  keak. 
Wot  bannick,  caud  dumplin,  an'  top  stan- 
nin  pye. 
Anderson — Borrowdale  Jwohnny.    Stz 2. 

Bannock  feas't,  g.  (baan.uk 
fiaast) — Having  a  flat  face  and 
a  short  nose. 

Bannock  iron,  b.  (aai.U'R'U'n)— A 
plate  to  fix  on  grate  bars  for  baking 
bannocks. 


Banter,  c,  EC.  (baantth.ur')— To 
cheapen,  to  beat  down  in  price. 
She  wantet  owre  much  for  her  berries, 
but  I  banter't  her  down  a  bit.    E.D.D. 

Banty,  g.  (baant.i)— The  bantam  ; 
a  dwarfish  person  or  animal. 
He's  as  conceitit  as  a  banty,  an'  as  prood 
as  a  peercock.  Scoap.    p.  66,  line  16. 

Banty  cocks,  Cs.  —  Intermediate 
sized  cocks  of  hay.  (sw.)  A  quarrel- 
some little  person  (R.K.). 

Banty  Hemplin :  see  Tailor  Finsh 

Banty-lour'in,  ne.  (baant.i-la.uw.- 
rin)  —  A  boisterous,  bragging 
boaster.      Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  24. 

Bare  board,  c,  E.,  nw.,  ec.  (bakk- 
bwaurd).   Pricky-b.  n.,  nw.,  sw. 

When  a  person  is  penniless, he  is  at  pricky 
board. 

Bar  flake,  nw. — Sheep-hurdle.  See 
Flake. 

Bare  gorp,  c,  EC,  nw.  (baeu'R 
gauwrt).  Gorlin,  c,  Ns.,  e. 
(gau.rxin) — An  unfledged  bircfl 
(a,  ec,  sw.)  a  young  child. 

Geap,  gorbie,  an'  thou'll  git  a  wurm. 

Proverb, 

An'  considerin'  t'  day  was  sea  het  we 
must  hev  been  gorplins  ta  walk  sea  far. 
W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  12. -.l.:i. 

"  As  neakt  as  a  gorlin."      Saying. 

Barfut,  g.  (baa.rtut)  —  Bare- 
footed. 

A  lock  o'  them  sailor  chaps  runiian  up  an' 
doon  eh  ther  barfut  feet 

Scoap.     p.  -17,  line  h>. 

Bargheist,  c,  ce.  (baa.r'gaeu  st) 
— Of  the  extinct  species  of  appari- 
tions, . .  the  bargheist  was  perhaps 

the  principal.  Sullivan,    p.  I'm. 

Bark,    g.    (baark) — To   peel   the 
skin  or  bark  off — to  unbark. 
"  He    bark't    his    nockles    ower   tudder 
fellow's  sk<>[ic." 


15 


Bark  at  t'  heck,  c,  Ws.. — To  wait 
outside  the  door,  to  be  refused 
admission. 

"  Bark  At  t'  heck  "  is  used  when  a  young 
man  follows,  and  pays  suit  to  a  young 
woman  who- will  not  have  him.  Jwon 
Simpton  goes  efter  Mary  Wilson  and  batiks 
at  t'  heck,  but  she  willent  hev  him.   E.D.D. 

Barken,  G.  (baa.R'KUn) —  To  en- 
crust with  dirt,  to  clot ;  to  make 
hide-bound  and  stiff.  To  make 
crisp  like  bark. 

For  God-seak  put  that  barne  in  t'  dolly- 
tub  an'  scrub  't ;  it's  fairly  barken't  ower 
wid  muck.  Gibson,    p.  164. 

Barley,  G.  (baa.R'Li) — To  bespeak, 
generally  used  by  children  at  play. 
"Barley  me  that,"  is  a  form  of 
putting  in  first  claim  to  anything. 

Ferguson — Dialect,  p.  6. 
Ther's  a  lot  a  things  i'  this  world  'at  yan 
wad  like  ta  barley.      Pen.  Obs.   Nov.  23. 

Barley  play,  G.  (baa.r'li-plae) — 
A  term  used  by  boys  bespeaking 
a  cessation  of  their  game. 

Barn,  c,  sw,  e.  (baar'U'n).  Bairn, 
N.  (baeu'rn) — A  child;  a  term 
of  familiarity  or  contempt  used 
irrespective  of  age. 

"  Barn,  thou  mun  come  in,  thou's  like." 

"  Aye,  barn,  they  tell't  me  sec  a  teal ; 
they  seed  a  woman,  barn,  widoot  a  heed 
— barn,  it's  trew." 

"  Maidens'  bairns  are  aye  weel  bred." 

Gibson — Proverb,     p.  164. 

There's  nea  hurt  i'  warin'  t'  odd  brass  iv 
a  pictur'  beuk  or  gud  stuff  for  t'  barnes. 
Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  14,  line  7. 

Barnekin.  Obs.  The  outermost  ward 
of  a  castle,  within  which  were  the 
barns,  stables,  cowhouses,  etc.  On 
the  Borders,  the  word  generally 
occurs  in  connection  with  the 
Peels,  and  houses  of  strength 
common  in  those  districts.  "When 
a  raid  was  anticipated,  the  cattle 


were  driven  into  the  barnekin,  and 
the  doors  closed  and  secured.  The 
word  was  sometimes  applied  to 
the  buildings  within  the  barnekin. 

Chancellor  Ferguson. 

The  barns  and  barnekins  are  full. 

Echoes — A  Tale,    line  3. 

Barneying,  G. — Sham  wrestling. 

W.C.T.    1899,  May  13.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

Barnicles,  g.  (baa.r'niktj'lz) — An 
old  name  for  spectacles  ;  irons  put 
on  the  noses  of  horses,  to  make 
them  stand  quietly. 

"  Ye'll  want  the  bull-grips  to  keep  him 
quiet."  "  And  the  ass's  barnicles  to  keep 
your  tongue  in  your  mouth." 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  33,  line  11 . 

Barnish,  G.  (baa.r'nish).  Barn- 
like.— Childish,  silly. 

Bonnie  Mary  Ray  an'  me 

Wer'  barnish  sweethearts  lang. 

Gibson — Mary  Ray.    Stz.  1. 

They  begon  to  shap  theirsels  intil  o'  maks 
o'  barnish  sangs  i'  my  heid. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  20,  line  6. 

An'  I  preach't  that  lal  sarmon, 

Sa  barne-like  an'  queer. 
Gilpin — Songs.    Gibson's  Nature.    Stz.  8 

Barn  time,  c,  Ws.  (baar'U'N-taaim) 
— The  period  of  fruitfulness  in 
women.  An  idea  prevails  here 
that  every  woman  will  have  a  cer- 
tain number  of  children  whether 
married  at  20  or  30,  and  having 
had  that  number  she  is  said  to 
have  finished  her  bairn-teyme  (j.h.). 

Barra-cwoat,  c,  b.,  e.  (baar.a- 
kwatjt) — A  child's  under-garment 
worn  next  over  the  napkins,  con- 
sisting of  a  top  portion  of  cotton 
or  linen,  and  a  long  skirt  of  flannel 
generally,  which  is  folded  up  back 
over  the  feet  and  legs. 

Han  owre  the  barra-cwoat  for  mey  bairn. 
Anderson — Jurry's  Cursnin.    Stz.  14. 


16 


Barramouth,  c,  w.  (b  aar'.umooth). 
Beermouth,  c. — An  adit  or  level 
dug  in  the  hillside.  Roads  from 
the  outcrop  of  the  seams,  by  which 
some  collieries-  can  be  entered  ;  in 
the  early  days  of  coal-mining  in 
the  Whitehaven  district,  about 
the  middle  of  the  17th  century, 
the  coals  were  borne  out  on  the 
backs  of  men  who  travelled  out  of 
the  mines  by  these  roads.    R.W.M. 

Barrin',  g.  (baa.r'U'n)— Except. 

Ah  wad  sell  owte  aboot  t'  shop — barrin' 
Jane.      C.  Pacq.   1893,  May  25.   p.  6,  col.  2. 

Barrin'  out,  g.  (baa.r'U'n  oot)— 
School-boys  barred  the  teacher  out 
at  Christmas  and  negociated  for 
holidays, before  admitting  him.  Obs. 
On  Tuesday  afternoon  the  scholars  attend- 
ing the  Girls'  School,  Flimby,  resorted  to 
the  old  custom  of  "  barring  out,"  the  day 
being  Shrove  Tuesday. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Mar.  1.    p.  3,  col.  6. 

Barrow-back't,  g.  (baar'.U'-baakt) 
— Bent  by  heavy  work,  such  as 
wheeling  loaded  barrows. 
He's  gitten  bow't  an'  barrow-back't  an' 
wizzent  sair  o'  t'  feace.       Gibson,    p.  164. 

Barryham :   see  Braffam. 
Bash,  G.  (baash) — A  heavy  blow. 

Doon  it  went  In  a  bash  .  .  in  ya  bash 

frae  top  to  bottom. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  20. 

— To  spoil  the  appearance.  To  strike 
hard,  to  work  vigorously. 
"  Her  bonnet  was  bash't  in  t'  rain." 
When  she  was  outside,  her  husband 
laughed  and  pointed  at  her  through  the 
window.  She  "bashed"  the  key  through 
the  window. 

C.  Patr.    1895',  Jan.  11.    p.  2,  col.  7# 

Bash  away,    c,  nw.,  ec. — To  work 
vigorously.     Strike  hard  ! 
T'  cards  is  suer  teh  gih  whoke  back  ther 
oan   if   they'll    nobbut   bash  away,  an' 
folloM  lang  eneuf.       Scoap.   p.  214,  line  6. 


Bask,    (baask)  —  Sharp,    acid   (i 
fruit).    Ferguson,    p.  169  (not  known). 
See  Baum. 

Bass,  g  (baas) — The  Perch—  Perdu 
jhiriatilis;  dried  rushes ;  the  innei 
bark  of  a  tree.     See  Boss. 

Bass,  local  name  for  perch  —  Bassen 
thwaite,  the  place  of  perch. 

Lake  Country,    p.  95. 

Prickly  bass  I  fish't  for. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  24,  line  4. 

Clogs  splinter  new,  BASS-bottom'd  chairs. 
Stagg — Rosle'y  Fair.    Stz.  29. 

Bastard  Shark,  g.  Blue-back,  sw. 
Fay  dog,  nw. — Common  Tope — 

Galons  canis.     Fauna. 

Sometimes  the  Picked  Dogfish— Acanthius 
vulgaris,  is  called  the  Bastard  Shark. 

Fauna,    p.  467. 

Bastile,  G. — The  workhouse  ;  sel- 
dom used. 

Sir  Jamie's  naval  store,  Tom, 

Avoid  wi'  aw  thy  care, 
The  bastile  o'  the  cats,  Tom, 

Or  milk  thou'll  teaste  nae  mair. 

Rayson — Tom  Cat.    Stz.  5. 

Bat,  g.  (baat) — (1)  A  blow  on  the 
mouth,  stroke ;  (2)  the  sweep  of 
a  scythe ;  (3)  condition  ;  piece  of 
work  ;  state,  rate.  The  old  bat 
means  "  as  usual." 

From  words  they  got  to  (1)  bats,  but  he 

would  not  say  who  struck  the  first  blow. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Mar.  30.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

Afoor  t'  last  (1)  bat  (of  the  clock)  soonded 
we'd  wished  yan  anudder  a  Happy  New 
Year.  Anudder  Batch,    p.  32. 

He  wad  tak  (when  mowing)  fower  yerds 
o'  breed  an'  a  yerd  forret  ivery  (2)  bat. 
Richardson  1st.    p.  58,  Km  f. 

Haud  on  a  bit  !  till  we  get  to  t'  hingin 
ground,  an'  then  ye'll  see  her  gan  a  rare 
(3)  hat.    E.D.D. 


17 


When  ah  was  on  that  (3)  bat,  ah  gat 
thrippence  for  wheat  an'  three  hoapence  for 
havver.      C.Pacq.  1893,  Aug.  31.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Ah  was  at  t'  seeam  bat  fer  mair  ner  two 
days.  Scoap.    p.  52,  line  15. 

— To  strike;  to  beat  with  a  spade, 
flail  etc.  so  as  to  flatten,  or  beat 
grain  out  of  the  ears  of  corn. 
There  was  not  much  time  for  talk  ;   he 
was  in  too  great  a  hurry  to  bat  me. 

C.  Patr.  1893,  Sept.  22.  p.  3,  col.  1. 
Tom  fwork't  an'  Willy  stack't,  an'  battit', 
an'  prop't,  an'  thrast. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  133,  line  9. 

Batch,  g.  (baach) — The  entire  num- 
ber, (a,  n.)  A  sack  of  corn  prepared 
for  being  ground  at  the  mill ;   a 
pack  of  cards. 
41  The  heall  batch  o'  them." 
Now  down   wid  a  buryin'  skin  onta   t' 

leath  floor, 
And  thresh  a  lock  bigg  for  a  batch. 

Cumbriana.  p.  240,  line  8. 
This  lal  lock  of  stuff  (wheat  hinder-ends) 
was  cawt  a  batch. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  15.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Bateable  Lands,  n.  (bae.tubul- 
laanz)— Lands  claimed  by  adverse 
parties.  In  a  treaty  of  Truce  held 
by  the  Commissioners  of  England 
and  Scotland,  at  Newcastle,  on  13th 
August  1451,  the  Scotch  Commis- 
sioners declare  that  "  touching  the 
bateable  lands  or  Threpelands  in  the 
West  Marches,"  etc.  Matchell  mss. 
The  great  piece  of  bateable  land  lay 
between  the  river  Esk  and  Sark  in  N. 
Cumberland,  but  there  were  also  bateable 
lands  of  smaller  extent  on  the  Northum- 
brian border.      E.D.D. 

Batten,  g.  (baat.u'n) — A  rail  of 
indefinite  length,  and  about  three 
to  six  inches  in  breadth  ;  a  small 
strip  of  wood. 

Efter  bein  stirred  up  wid  a  Widdup  yak 
battin.'  it  was  a  big  sup  o'  grand  punch. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  12.    p.  6,  col.  1. 
C 


— To  fatten,  thrive. 

"  Here's  good  battenin'  to  t'  barn,  and 
good  mends  to  t'  mother."  A  usual  toast 
on  the  occasion  of  a  birth. 

Battens,  G.  (baat.u'nz)  —  Straw 
which  has  been  half  thrashed. 
G-iven  as  tit-bits  to  weakly  cattle, 
as  combining  the  grain,  with  the 
usual  foddering  of  straw.    E.D.D. 

Batten  stick,  g.  (baat.u'n  stik) 
— The  ends  of  branches  of  oak, 
from  which  the  bark  has  been  re- 
moved by  beating  with  rude  wood- 
en mallets.  Such  sticks,  as  "peel'd 
yak,"  are  sold  for  fuel.  w.h. 
Ah'll  git  Will  Cass  . .  ten  cum  ower  an 
fell  oa  t'  trees  ; . .  t'  seeal  eh  t'  battin 
sticks  '11  pay  t'  laber  eh  ruddan  t'  stumps. 
Scoap.     p.  71,  line  1. 

Batter,  g.  (baatth.u'R') — The  slope 
or  inclination  of  a  wall,  also  of 
rock  strata ;  field  walls  are  built 
wider  at  the  bottom  than  at  the 
top,  and  this  constitutes  the  batter. 
Many  houses  in  sw.  are  built  with- 
out "  pointing,"  because  the  batter 
of  the  layers  of  stone  prevents  the 
rain  entering.  Mud,  dirt, 
Jacob  brayt  a  Workiton  chap  till  he  was 
o'  bleud  an'  batter  ower. 

Cumbriana.    p.  10,  line  13. 

He  cot  ower  a  dike  on  t'  line,  an'  i  runnen 
doon  t'  batter  he  gat  his  flut  fast  i'  yan 
o'  t*  wires.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  8. 

—To  slope,  to  incline  ;  to  make  sore 
by  beating,  to  give  repeated  blows. 

Lan  Peg,  an'  daft  Dinah  gat  intel  a  feeght ; 

They  battert  wi'  beath  nans  an'  feet. 

Anderson — The  Kuril  Winnin.    Stz.  18. 

Batter,  to  be  on  —  :  G. — To  spend  a 
period  of  time  in  bad  conduct :  to 
be  "  on  the  spree." 
Jerry  and  Joe  Batson  lied  yance  been  on 
t'  batter  at  Kesick  for  a  week.  Beath 
ther  munney  an'  credit  was  duin. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  153,  line  10. 


18 


Battle,  g.  (baat.ux)  and  Beetle 
— To  beat  linen  in  order  to  render 
it  smooth. 

Or  mappen  wad  beetle  a  carlin  sark, 
On  t'  beetlin'  stean  at  t'  door  ; 

Cumbriana.     p.  237,  line  5. 

Battlin'  stean,  g.  (baat.litn 
stiaan) — A  clean  and  broad  flat 
stone  placed  near  a  well  or  stream  ; 
the  linen  web  was  laid  on  the  stone 
and  kept  wet,  and  beaten  with  the 
battlin  stick. 

The  coat  had  been  growing  hard  with  the 
frost. 

"  This  wants  the  batling  stone  ower  it," 
said  the  old  weaver. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  32,  line  15. 

Battlin  stick,  g.,  and  Beetle.  Bat- 
tleder,B. — A  wooden  mallet  some- 
thing like  a  cricket  bat  for  beating 
the  linen  web  previous  to  its  being 
laid  on  the  grass  to  bleach.     Obs. 

Baum,  g.  (baum).     Bask,  b.,  ec, 
sw.  (baask) — A  place  on  a  dry 
bank  or  hedge  where  partridges 
bask  and  dust  themselves. 
Folk  speak  of  a  balm  of  Partridges. 

Fauna,     p.  337,  line  1. 

— To  bask  in  the  sun  or  by  the  fire. 

To   dress  Up,  adorn  (Lake  Country, 

p.  336). 

"  Baum  in  t'  sun  like  a  hagworm." 

It  would  be  balming  itself. 

Fauna,    p.  337,  line  3. 

Baurgh,  c,  EC.  (baart) — A  horse- 
way up  a  steep  hill.  It  signifies 
properly  not  the  way  up  the  hill, 
but  the  hill  itself;  Barf,  the  moun- 
tain near  Bassenthwaite 

(Ferguson,  p.  84). 

Bawk,  g.  (bauwk) — (1)  A  beam, 
generally  applied  to  those  of  barns 
etc.  A  ridge  of  land  left  for  divi- 
sion of  ownership,  (rean  is  more 
often  used,  which  see). 


(2)  Bouk  is  sometimes  used  in  the 
general  sense  of  a  space  or  dis- 
tance. Ferguson,  p.  206.   See  Raimel. 

Tib,  leyke  a  fury,  cursan  efter, 
An'  he,  tho'  swift,  hed  ne  bouk  (2)  left  her, 
For  beath  gat  nearly  heame  togither. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,   p.  178,  line  13. 

(Note — efter,  here  ellipsis  of  ran). 

Then  cocker  Wully  lap  bawk  (1)  heet. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  7. 

Bawkes,G.  (bauwks).  Swaythe  b. ; 
Hay  b.—  A  hay-loft  etc.  of  rough 
poles,  and  turf  or  branches  in  place 
of  boards. 
"  Fork  that  hay  onta  t'  bokes." 

As  brant  as  a  BOKEs-stee. 

Scoap.    p.  88,  line  15. 

Bawty,  b.,  ec.  (bau.ti)  —  A  dog 
having  a  white  face  is  so  called. 

Bay,  ec.  (bae) — To  bend. 

Lang  Willy-wands  for  hoops  I  yust  to  bay. 
Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  8. 

Baze,  c.  (baez).  Paze,  Ks.,  e. 
(paeiz)  —  To  confound,  puzzle ; 
alarm  ;  to  push  forward  with  a 
crow-bar  etc.,  as  distinct  from  prize. 
Tom  Ridley  was  aw  baizt  wi'  drinkin". 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedg.    Stz.  10. 

Gude  neighbours !  ne'er  be  baz'd,  Til  under- ' 
take  the  wark.    Minstrel — Panic.  Stz.  23. 

He  was  pazin  and  thrustin'  his  hardest. 

W.H. 
Ah  in  wih  t'  geaavleck  point  anunder  t' 
hacks,  an'  sez  ah,  "  Noo  Tom,  thee  prize, 
an'  ah'll  baze."  Scoap.    p.  225,  line  4. 

Be — The  various  peculiar  methods 
of  using  the  parts  of  this  verb 
appear  alphabetically  as  they  occur, 
thus:  Aaz  or  Ise  for  "I  am,"  "I 
shall" ;  we's  for  "we  are,"  or  "  we 
shall";  '11  is  used  for  "  shall "  and 
"will,"  as  is  also  "sail";  "war" 
and  "wor"  for  "were";  "war- 
rent"  and  "wornt"  for  "were 
not,"  etc. 


19 


Be,  G.  (bee)— By  ;  "  by  the  time." 
I  sat  be  myseF.  Richardson  1st.  p.  11,  line  4. 
"  I  wonder  how  you'll  be,  be  ye  git  t'  Carel" ; 
said  to  a  girl  on  her  railway  journey,  who 
was  yawning. 

Seah  a  man,  by  he  rowte  till  he  was  seb- 
benty,  hed  gitten  ootside  of  a  gay  quantity 
o'  speune  meat. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  16th.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

—  (c.) — From. 

Thou  cuddent  tell  me  be  a  frosk  'at  hed 
been  hung  up  bith  heels  i'  th'  sunshine. 
Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  131,  line  13. 

Bead,  g.(biaad) — Abode,  remained. 
•See  Bide. 

A  young  bull  fairly  eat  his  way  intul  yan 
on  them  (turmets),as  a  moose  may'd intul 
a  cheese,  an'  bead  theer. 

Cumbriana.     p.  50,  line  14. 

Beadless,  g.  (biaad.ltts) — Intoler- 
able ;  impatient  of  pain. 
He  says  t'  pain's  beadless,  but  than  he's 
a  beadless  body.      Gibson,    p.  164. 

Bealy,  g.  (bae.li)  — A  bailiff; 
sheriff's  officer. 

Peer  Jemmy  !  ov  aw  his  bit  oddments, 
A  shottle  the  bealies  hae  taen. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  4. 

Bean,  b.,ec.  (beeitn)  ;  andBeanny, 
(biaa.ni) — A  lean  horse.    w.D. 

Bean,  g,  (biaan) — A  bone ;  a  bad 
person. 

"  He's  a  bad  bean." 

Lood  greans  we  heard — lang  hollow  beels, 
'at  shak't  oor  varra  beans. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    p.  56,  line  4. 

Bean,  n.,  ec. — To  make  a  charge 
against,  abuse. 

AhBiAN'Thimwi't.   Pen.Obs.  1897,  Nov.  16. 

Beans,  on  or  at  t'  —  :  n.,ec.,sw.— 
To  scold  ;  criticize  severely ;  to 
find  fault  with. 

T'auld  snarlin'  thing  he's  alius  at  t'bians 
o'  ivrybody.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Bean  goose,  NW.  Rotgoose,  Obs. 
Brent  goose — Bemicula  brenta  :  this 
C2 


is  a  wrong  identification,  e.g.,  the 
Brent  with  the  Bean  Goose,  but 
this  is  given  as  actually  in  use. 

Birds,    p.  197. 

Bear,  g.  (beeu'R')— To  convey,  trans- 
port on  the  back ;  carry  is  not  used 
in  this  sense.    Did  bear. 

I  bear  thee  on  my  back. 

Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  13. 

Beard,  G.  (biuor'd)— To  lay  short 
brushwood  to  project  over  the  edge 
of  a  wall  so  as  to  prevent  sheep 
from  going  over.  Sods  or  stones 
are  laid  on  the  wall  to  keep  all  firm. 
We'd  to  git  ower  a  bearded  wo. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  9. 

Beast,  G.  (biaast) — To  baste  a  roast- 
ing joint ;  to  sew  loosely ;  to  beat. 

Ere   three   weeks   war   owre   she   brack 
through  luive's  shackles, 
The  man,  widout  marcy,  then  daily  she 
beaste.      Rayson — Bandylan  Bet.  Stz.  3. 

Beat,  g.  (biaat.)  —  (1)  To  abate  ; 
(2)  did  bite  ;  (3)  did  beat. 
"  Aa'll  nut  beatt  (1)  a  single  fardin." 
I  thowt  it  was  soace,  an'  it  hed  like  to  set 
me  off  agean,  but  I  beatt  (3)  it  doon  as 
weel  as  I  cud. 

Gibson — T  Reets  on't.    p.  11,  line  10. 
"  Beat  (1)  thy  speed  !  " 

Gibson— Sannter  Bella,  p.  52,  line  4. 
He  glooart  at  meh  a  gay  bit,  an'  beaat  (2) 
his  lip.  Scoap.     p.  133,  line  5. 

Beck,  g.  (bek-bek)  —  The   cry    or 

call  of  the  grouse,   accompanied 

by  a  nod  of  the  head. 

The  moor-game  flew  before  him  with  their 

wild  beck-beck-becka. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  97. 
— To  call  as  one  grouse  to  another. 

To  imitate  the  call  of  the  grouse. 

I  heard  an  old  cock  becking  just  now.  J.B.S. 
The  grouse  and  the  moor  fowl  which  beck 
in  the  heather.  Rise  of  River,  p.  153,  line  13. 

Thou  old  friend,  hast  beck'd  me  in. 

Clark — The  Thresher,    line  13. 


20 


Beck,  C,  EC,  sw.  (bek).  Burn, 
n.,  e.  (bu'R'n) — A  brook,  stream- 
let. When  in  combination  with  a 
proper  name,  a  boundary  is  indi- 
cated, thus :  CrumBECK,  RampsBECK. 
Change  is  leetsom,  if  it's  nobbut  oot  o'  bed 
intil  t'  beck.  Proverb. 
And  sen  she  leads  thee  seek  a  wild-goose 

chace 
Thou'l  owr  the  burn  off  hand  to  blinkin 

Bess.  Clark — Seymon.    line  80. 

Beck,  in  t'  — :  G. — To  be  out  at 
elbows. 

"  Whoar's  —  ?  "  "  He's  gean  awa,  he's 
been  i'  t'  beck." 

He  noo  turn'd  journeyman,  an'  went  on 
tramp,  but  he  sune  com  back  agean,  for 
he'd  been  i'  t'  beck. 

Fireside  Crack,    p.  9,  line  15. 

Beck  Bessy  :   see  Bessy  dooker. 

Beck  grains,  c,  b.,  ec.  (bek  graenz)   I 
— Where  a  beck  divides  into  two 
streams. 

Beck-steps,  G.  not  e.   Beck-steans. 
Stepping   stones.       "  Hard    as   a   : 
beck-stean" — very  obstinate. 
Yah  auld  chap  'at  hed  ta  gang  ower  t' 
steps  when  t'  beck  was  oot. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  9.    ] 
An'  cowpt  off  the  steps  i'  the  beck. 

Anderson — Codbeck  Wedg.    Stz.  10.    j 

Bedfast,  g.  (bed.faast) — Confined 
to  bed  by  illness,  bedridden. 

Bedgoon,  g.(bed.goon)— A  woman's  j 
outside  dress,  reaching  only  to  the  j 
hips,  common  in  the  early  part  of 
the  19th  century,  and  worn  only 
by  day.  (b.)  A  long  dress  of  this 
name,  reaching  to  the  feet,  was  in 
use  at  an  earlier  date  than  the 
short  one. 

Yan  o'  them  skipjack  o'  fellows  'at  ye  see 

weearin'  a  lal  jacket  like  a  lasses  bedgoon. 

Gibson — T  Reets  on't.     p.  9,  line  8. 

Aw  t'  women  fwok  hed  bedgoons  lang, 

Wi'  tails  'at  to  tlieir  knees  hung  doon ; 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  58,  line  4. 


Bed-Twitch :   Bee  Twitcher. 

Bee  bink,  E.  (bee-bink) — A  stand 
for  bee-hives. 

Bee  eater,  c.  Sea  Robin.  Spotted 
Flycatcher — Muticapa  grit&a.  See 
Ox-eye. 

Bee  flower ;  King  clover. — White 
flowered  Melilot — Melilotus  alh«. 

Beek,  c.,n.(beek;  beeuk).  Beeak. 
e.,  sw.  (beeu'k) — To  heat  hazel 
or  other  rods,  so  as  to  cause  them 
to  bend  more  easily  for  basket- 
making  purposes  ;  to  bask  by  the 
fire. 

Ya  neet  I  was  takkan  a  rist  an'  a  smeuk, 
An'  snoozlan  an'  beekan'  my  shins  at  t' 
grate  neuk. 

Dickinson — Song  in  Preface,    line  1. 

Drewt  teable  up  tull  t'  fire,  an',  while  he 
beakt  his  shins. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

Beel,  c, n.,  ec.  (beel).  Beeal,  sw. 
(beeu'l) — A  bellowing  sound ;  the 
cry  of  a  boy  after  having  received 
an  "  ointing,"  a  "  twankin,"  or  a 
"  targing." 

Lood  greans  we  heard — lang  hollow  beels. 
Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    p.  56,  line  3. 

T  cows  used  to  hake  yan  anudder  till  f 
beals  was  summat  awful  to  hear. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  bellow,  to  bawl. 

"  To  beal  like  a  bargheist  " — is  still  ap- 
plied to  crying  children.  Sullivan  p.  167. 
Hod  thy  noise,  thoo  bellerin'  coaf .  .  S 

thy  BEELIN. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  25,  line  14. 

Tom  Ridley  beal'd  out,  "  De'il  may  care ! " 
Anderson — Codbeck  Weddin'.    Stz.  19. 

Beelan,  sw.  (bee.lu'n) — A  fester  or 
sore  place  on  the  body,  such  as 
gathered  finger.  The  throbbing 
pain  of  suppuration. 


21 


Beeld,  g.  (beeuxd).      Bield.— A 
place   of   shelter ;    a  fox    den ;    a   i 
shelter  of  loose  stones  to  protect 
sheep  from  storms  on  the  fells. 
The  badgers,  in  the  first  instance,  were    | 
lodged  in  an  old  fox  earth  "  bield." 

Wrestling,   p.  237,  line  5. 
Better  a  wee  buss  than  nae  bield. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  165. 

— To  shelter,  to    cause  to  shelter.   ■ 
S.  (beeld) — To  build. 
They  ran  him  (the  fox)  round  be  Black    j 
Sale — an'  they  beeldit  am  ondert  Brock 
Steann,  an'  he  was  seaff  aneuff  theer. 

Cumbriana.     p.  8,  line  7. 

T'  fox  bielded  i'  Blaeberry  Ghyll. 

Mayroyd.    Vol.  3.     p.  189. 

Beneath  a  dyke  full  menny  a  langsome  day 
We  sat  and  beelded  houses  fine  o'  clay. 
Relph — Hay- time.    Stz  10. 

Beermouth :   see  Barramouth. 

Bee stiiis,    c,   ec.    (bee.stu'nz).   i 
Beast   milk,   c.   (bee.s-milk) — 
The  milk  of  a  newly  calved  cow, 
which  curdles  when  boiled. 

Boil'd  fluiks ;  taty-hash  ;  BEASTiN-puddin. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.    Stz.  13. 

Beet,  G.  (beet) — To  supply  sticks  | 
etc.  to  the  oven  while  heating  ;  to   j 
mend  or  improve  the  fire.      See 
Peat. 

The  grate  was  replenished  with  a  handful    i 
of  small  sticks  or  chips  at  intervals  to 
keep  up  the  light,  and  this  was  called    | 
"  beating  the  fire." 

Cumbriana.     p.  99,  line  12.    i 

Wheyle  to  beet  on  the  elden  ;  yen 
As  th'  auld  guid  man,  sat  i'  th'  nuik. 
Stacks — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  15. 

Beetin'  stick,  b. — A  stick  kept  for 
stirring  the  fire  in  the  brick  oven. 
By  rubbing  this  stick  on  the  arch 
of  the  oven  after  the  flame  has 
subsided,  the  proper  heat  is  known  j 
by  the  sparks  emitted. 

Beetle  :   see  Battle. 


Beetler,  g. —  One  who  uses  a  beetle. 

A  daughter  of  R —  D— i-,  beetler. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  May  12.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Beggar-inkle,  ec,  nw.  (beg.ur'- 
ink.ux) — Fancy  striped  tape,  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  broad, 
out  of  use  now. 

He  selt  beggar-inkle,  caps,  muslin,  and 
cottons. 
Rayson — Charlie  M'Glen.    p.  62,  line  3. 

Beggar's  Blanket,  and  Beggar's 
Stalk  :   see  Jacob's  Staff. 

Begonk,  g.  (beegaunk.)  —  A  dis- 
appointment ;  a  "  sell." 
We  gat  a  terrible  begonk  when  we  fund 
'at  they  wadn't  gang  on  at  o'. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  150,  line  3. 

Belang,  g.  (bilaang.).  Beleng, 
(bileng.),  and  (not  ec.)  Perlang, 
(pu'R'laang.) — To  belong  to;  to 
own,  possess. 

I  could  leave  him  till  somebody  com  to 
lait  him  or  summat,as  he  wad  varra  likely 
beleng  to  somebody. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  35,  line  8. 

We  tell't  man,  'at  belang't  them  to  cut 
them.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  28,  line  23. 

Laal  fellas  sud  larn  teh  behave  thersels, 
and  not  tak  what  duzent  perlang  tuh 
them.  Scoap.    p.  38,  line  24. 

Belder,  g.  (belddh.U'R'),  and  Bel- 
lar,  (bel.U'R') — To  bellow,  voci- 
ferate. 

The  lasses  theyBELDERT  out,"Manthysel', 
Jenny."    Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.  Stz.  6. 

I  begon  rayder  to  think  sham  o'  shootin' 
an  bellerin'  sooa  at  an  oald  man. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on't.      p.  11,  line  6. 

Bel-fire.  Obs.  A  superstitious  relic 
of  sun-worship  lingered  until  very 
recently  in  Cumberland  in  the  ob- 
servance by  shepherds  and  others 
of  making  bonfires  on  the  hills  on 
the  1st  of  May  (O.S.)  and  Mid- 
summer Eve — these  were  called 

BEL-FIRES.  W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  13,  col.  1. 


22 


The  beltain  is  generally  understood 
to  belong  to  the  first  of  May. 

Sullivan,    p.  114,  line  3. 

Belike,  Gh  (bilaai.k)— Perhaps. 

Belike  then  t'  father's  deed. 

Todhunter's.    p.  2(51,  line  20. 

Belken-full,  ec,  e.  (bel.ku'N-fuol) 

— .Replete. 

Belker,  EC.  (bel.ku'R') — Something 
that  is  big. 

That  taty's  a  belker.      Pen.  Obs.   Nov.  23. 

Belkin,  ec.  (bel.kin)— A  beating, 
thrashing. 
Thoo'll  catch  a  belkin  fer  this. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

Belky  :   see  Bellican. 

Bellar  :   see  Belder. 

Belle  keek,  nw. — The  village  of 
Long  Newton  faces  the  south,  and 
passers-by  were  watched  by  the 
women  who  held  their  hands  above 
the  eyes  to  shade  them  from  the 
sun  facing  them  ;  hence  arose  the 
term  of  reproach  of  newton-belle- 

KEEKS. 

Bellican,  c,  ec.  (bel.ikaan).  Bel- 
ky, b.  (bel.ki) — An  obese  person 
or  animal ;  a  glutton. 

Belliment,  n.,  e.  (bel.imu'nt) — An 
impertinent  brazen  belliment,  is  an 
expression  commonly  applied  to 
children,  when  found  out  in  any 
mischief,     j.h. 

Bellock,  ec,  sw.  (bel.uk) — To  eat 
hastily,  greedily. 
He  wad  bellock  his  dinner  doon. 

Pen  Obs.    Nov.  9. 

Bell-tinker,  g.  (bel-tink.u'R')— A 
blow  on  the  side  of  the  head. 

Belly-naughtered,  nw.  (bel.i- 
flaaf.tthu'rt) — Thrown  flat  on 
the  ground,     j.h. 

Belly  kite,  b.  (bel.i-kaait)  —  One 
who  will  eat  anything  ;  a  glutton. 

S.D.B. 


Belly  rine,  c,  ec  (bel.i-R'aain). 
Belly  rim,  N.,B. — The  membrane 
enclosing  the  intestines. 

Belly   timmer,    G.  (not  e.)    (bel.i- 

tim.U'R')— Food. 

See 'at  thoo  gits  thi  share  o'  belly-timmer. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  9. 

Belly- wiring,  nw.(bel.i-waeiran) 
— The  colic  or  gripes,     j.h. 

Beltute,  c  (bel.tioot).  Baltute, 
0.  (baal.tioot).  Lake  Hen.  The 

Coot — Fulica  atra. 

Belve,  sw.,  ec  (belv) — To  drink 
greedily.  * 

"  Belve  and  drink  ''  said  to  an  idle  drink- 
ing husband.      R.K. 

Belyve,  g.  (bilaai.v) —  After  a 
while,  (b.)  "  If  I  live." 

"  Aa"l  pay  thee  belyve." 

We'll  leave  off  talking  of  Christie  Graeme, 

And  talk  of  him  belive. 
Gilpin — Songs,  1st.   Graeme.   p.85,line5. 

Ben :   see  Butt. 

Beneath.,  e.,  ne.,  nw.  (bee.neeuth) 
— To  demean  one's-self  by  contact, 
or  dealings  with. 
Ah  wad'nt  beneath  misel  wi'  thi. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Benk,  c  (benk).  Bink,  x.  (bixk) 
— A  low  bank  or  ledge  of  rock. 
A  row  of  peats  piled  up. 
A  common  word  in  the  dales  for  a  shelf 
or  ledge  in  the  face  of  large  rocks,  on 
which  ferns,  ling  etc.  grow.  The  raven 
and  the  buzzard  hawk  build  their  nests 
on  the  binks.  A  bink  is  also  a  lair  for 
the  fox.    Pen.  Obs.  1898,  June  28.  p.  4,  col.  4. 

Had  only  got  on  to  the  bink  when  the 
accident  happened. 

W.C.T.    1899,  May,  6.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Bennert, c.  Benwort,  (bex.witrt) 
and  Dog-daisy,  t  ..s\y..nw.(daug- 
dae.zi).  Cat's  posy,  c,  w.,  nw., 
EC. — The  daisy — Belli*  perennu. 

For  t'  croft  was  white  wid  dog-daisiks. 

Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.   Stz.  1. 


23 


Bensal,  c.,n.,ec.(ben.su'l)— A  blow, 
a  sudden  bang,  violent  motion. 
"  He  com  in  wid  a  bensal." 
Yence  on  a  teyme  a  hangrell  gang, 
Com'  with  a  bensil  owr  the  sea. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  5. 

— To  beat  soundly. 

"  Aa'l  bensal  ta." 

Let's  gi'  him  a  good  benselin, — an'  lam 

him  to  come  bodderen'  decent  young  lasses. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  11,  col.  3. 

Bensaller,  G.  (not  e.)  (ben.sulu'r) 
— Anything  very  large. 

"  Ey,  min,  it's  a  bensaller  !  " 

Nowt  wad  seave  him  —  bit  a  mustert 
blister  aback  ov  his  neck,  .  .  Sooa  she 
meade  a  girt  bensaller  aboot  two  pund 
weight.  W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Bent  ,g.(bent)— Coarse  grasses  found 
on  moorlands  and  wastes ;  these 
are  Agrostis  vulg.,  Air  a  caespitosa, 
A.  flexuosa  and  Cynosurus  cristatus. 
See  Sea  bent.  The  Bents  is  the 
name  given  to  the  grass-covered 
sand-banks  on  the  shores  of  the 
Solway  between  Maryport  and 
Flimby.  (e.,  ec.)  High  pasture  or 
moor.      A  sandy  hillock  covered 

Witll   BENTS. 

T"  Flimby  fwoak  used  ta  cum  ower  ta  t' 
market  be  t'  bent  hills 

W.C.T.X.    1896.     p.  4,  col.  1. 

The  bent  is  poor,  and  hard  and  scant. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  99,  line  6. 


To  hound  from  off  the  bent 
Sheep  of  such  old  descent. 

Echoes — The  Heaf. 


Stz.  8. 


Riding  through  the  lang  green  bent. 

J.  Lonsdale — Lilly  Graeme.    Stz.  1. 

—  c,  e. — Bleak. 

"  Dost  thoo  think  yon  fell's  a  blin  lonnin  ?  " 
Nay,  but  it's  a  bent  place. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  102,  line  6. 

Bern  :   see  Leath. 


Berrier,  G.  (ber'.-iu'r) — A  thrasher. 
"  Bed- time  for  berriers  and  supper-time 
for  carriers.''      Proverb. 

Berry,  c,  n.,  sw.,  e.  (ber.i).  Gros- 
ser, ne.(gr'aus.u'r').  Cat-berry, 
ec. — The  gooseberry — Riles  Gros- 

sularia. 

T  kest  o'  bees  'at  you  lost  t'  udder  day  are 
hingin  on  t!  branch  of  a  berry  bush  in 
oor  garden.       W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  13,  col.  4. 

— To  thrash  corn  with  the  flail.    Obs. 
Theer'  Geordy  Waugh,  a  teeran  haund 
At  berry'an  bigg  or  shearan. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  1. 

Berry-fair,  c. — Held  at  Papcastle 
on  the  Sunday  afternoons  during 
July. 

Berryin',  g.  (ber'.-iu'n) — A  funeral. 
Formerly  "  corp  coomin  "  (R.K.) 
We'd  best  tak  Thomas  to  t'  kirk  ,  we's 
have  a  burying  this  time. 

Beckside.     p.  307,  line  2. 

Berryin'  skin,  c,  sw.— The  dried 
skin  of  'a  horse  upon  which  the 
corn  was  threshed,  so  that  the 
grains  should  not  stick  in  the  clay 
flooring  of  the  barn. 

Now  down  wid  a  buryin'  skin  onta  t'  leath 

floor, 
And  thresh  a  lock  bigg  for  a  batch. 

Cumbriana.    p,  241,  line  8. 

Berryin'  t'  oald  wife,  G.  —  The 
treat  given  by  an  apprentice  on 
attaining  his  freedom. 

Besom-heed,  g.  (bee.zu!m-eed)— A 
rough  careless  girl  or  a  silly  man. 

Besom  oot,  to  hang  the  —  :  n.,  e. 
(bee.zu'm)  —  A  besom  made  of 
birch  or  heather,  hung  up  outside 
the  door,  was  a  signal  that  open 
house  was  being  kept,  and  that 
the  wife  was  away. 
Putting  the  besom  out,  was  rarely  ob- 
served at  the  present  day.  The  besom 
hung  at  the  back  door  was  an  intimation 
that  the  coast  was  clear. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  3. 


24 


Bessy  blackcap,  c;.  Reed  spar- 
row.— The  Reed  bunting — Embe- 
riza  tehoenielus.  This  is  often  con- 
founded with  the  true  Blackcap— 
Sylvia  atricapilla . 

Bessy  Blakelin,  c.  (bes.i-blaak.- 
lin).  Yalla-heedit  Buntin,  c. 
Spink,  c.  Yalla  yowderin,  n. 
(iaal.a-ioo.ddhu'R'U'n).  Y.-yor- 
lin,  N.  —  The  yellow  ammer  or 
yellow  bunting— Emberizu  citrinella. 
See  Scop. 

Bessy  Clocker:  see  Lousy  Beegle. 

Bessy  dooker,  c,  B.,  ec.  (bes.i- 
doo.ku'R').  Black  dooker,  nw. 
Watter  pyet,  c.  Watter  cro', 
Beck  Bessy,  sw.  —  The  Water 
Ouzel  or  Dipper — Cinclus  aquations. 
See  Blue-bill. 

Best  bib  and  tucker  on,  G. — Said 
of  a  female  in  a  very  fine  dress, 
smart  or  best  clothes. 

Bethink,  G.  (beethink.) — To  re- 
member 

I've  just  bethowt  me  'at  t'  lad  had  been 
badly.  W.C.T.    1898.    p.  2,  col.  5. 

Be  through  with,  G. — To  complete, 
finish. 

If  thoo  leuks  hoaf  as  sharp  as  thoo  sud 
leuk,  thu'll  be  through  wid  beath  thy 
marketin'  an'  thy  shopping  by   twelve 

o'clock. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  16,  line  3. 

Better,  g.  (betth.U'R') — To  improve. 

"  He  wadn't  hev  done  it,  if  he  could  hev 
better't  it." 
— More ;  with  reference  to  health, 
implies  that  the  invalid  has  only 
partly  recovered,  and  is  not  quite 
well. 

"  How  deep's  the  stream  ?  " — "  It's  bet- 
ter ner  eight  foot  abeun  t'  brig." 
Better  leg  first,  to  put  —  :  G. — To 
walk  at  the  highest  speed  ;  to  do 
one's  very  best. 

Many  a  yan  says  when  they're  in  a  gurt 
hurry  "  Noo  Ah  mun  put  t'  better  leg 
first."  Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 


Betterment, g.  (betthur'mu'Nt) — 
Improvement. 

There's  some  betterment  in  the  weather. 
Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  33. 

Bettermer,  g.  (betth.U'R'MU'R') — 
Of  the  better  sort. 
The  lay  preachers,  when  they  go  into  the 
country,  are  entertained  by  the  better- 
mer members  Of  the  denomination  they 
serve.      C.  Patr.   1893,  Oct.  20.   p.  4,  col.  6. 

Betterness,  g.  (betth.U'R'nu's)  — 
Amendment. 

"  Theer  nea  betterness  in  t'  weather  yit." 

They  say  theer's  nae  sign  o'  betterness  i' 

Libby.   I'se  feer'd  she'll  arlies  pull  through. 

Rosenthal,    p.  230,  line  9. 

Betwattled,  g.  (bitwaat.U'Lt),  and 
Betrattled,  (bitr'aat.uxt).  Con- 
founded, stupified,  out  of  one's 
senses. 

An'  lasses'  whilly-liltit  out 
As  they  hed  been  betrattl't. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  24. 

Between  whiles,  g.,  and  Atween 
whiles. — At  intervals. 

Beuk't :   see  Breuk't. 

Beun,  g.  (bitjon),  and  Boon, 
(boou'n) — Service  done  by  a  cus- 
tomary tenant  for  the  lord  of  the 
manor. 

Boons  or  gifts  in  work  of  ploughing  etc. 
when  a  young  man  or  a  stranger  enters 
on  a  farm. 

Todd, . .  attended  the  annual  boon  mowing 
meeting.  Wrestling,    p.  167,  line  3. 

Beun  days,  g.  and  Boon  or  Bound 
days. — Days  on  which  the  cus- 
tomary tenants  are  bound  to  work 
for  the  lord  of  the  manor. 
Boon  Ploughing.  —  Mr  T —  I — ,  was 
favoured  with  a  splendid  boon  ploughing 
on  Tuesday  last.  No  fewer  than  75 
draughts  turned  up. 

C.  Patr.  1895,  March  29.  p.  5,  col  8. 
Our  hero  was  a  bit  of  a  plewman,  an'  he 
was  yance  at  a  beune  day  whoar  two  or 
three  smaw  prizes  were  awarded. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  9,  col.  4. 


25 


Beunmest,  c,  n.,  E.  (biuon.mu'St). 
Boonmest,  sw.  (boo.u'NMU'St)— 
Uppermost. 

Bens,  c,  n.  (biuos),  and  Beus- 
steed,  (-steed).  Booas,  sw. 
(boou's).  Boose,  e. — A  stall  for 
a  cow  or  horse. 

Beust — The  ramp  or  curved  piece 
of  wood  into  which  the  upright 
planks  forming  stall  divisions  are 
morticed.     J.  ar. 

Beut  money,  g.  (biuot-muon.i) 
—  Money  given  to  equalise  an 
exchange.  When  two  persons  ex- 
change horses  etc.  one  has  some- 
times to  give  buit, that  is  something 
more  than  the  article  he  offers 

(J.H.). 

Beut  stockings,  c.  (stauk.inz.) 
— Long  knitted  woollen  gaiters 
reaching  from  the  foot  as  far  up 
as  the  middle  of  the  thigh  ;  much 
worn  by  elderly  men  when  on 
horse-back  about  and  before  1800. 
See  Scoggers. 

Packt  seaff  in  a  wallet  o'  drab  stripe  and 

blue, 
And  slung  onder  beut-stockin't  legs. 

Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  3. 

Bever,E.,  EC.  (bev.u'R')— Agitation. 

I  mind  weel  o'  the  sang 
'At  through  my  young  heart,  wi'  sec  bevers 
p.  148,  line  6. 


wad  thrill. 


Echoes. 


— To  tremble. 

My  heart  aw  bevers  at  their  neames. 

Hope.    p.  12,  line  10. 

Bezle,  e.  (bez.ux) — To  drink  greed- 
ily. 

Biasster,  G.  (biaast.thitr) — Some- 
thing that  is  marvellous,  quite 
extraordinary,  large,  almost  in- 
credible. 

T    lal'  cuckoo-hen's   warped   a   biasster 
this  mworn.      S.D.B. 


Bicker,  c,  n.  (bik.ur')— A  small 
wooden  vessel  used  for  porridge, 
etc.,  made  with  staves,  one  of 
which  is  longer  than  the  rest  to 
act  as  a  handle.  "  Aa'l  tak  a  stap 
out  o'  thy  bicker,"  i.e.,  I  will  hum- 
ble you.  Also  (c)  a  quarrel. 
It'll  cause  a  vain  boaster  to  quail  an'  leuk 

smo', 
If  you  tak  a  stap  out  of  his  bicker. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  238,  line  3. 

The  porridge  was  ready,  and  Mercy  set 
the  wooden  bowl  on  the  table.  "  I's  fullen 
thy  bicker,  my  lass,"  said  Gubblum. 

Son  of  Hagar.    Vol.  3.    p.  100,  line  11. 

—  G. — To  hurry,  hasten. 

Wi'  merry  lilts  the  fiddlers  chang, 
The  lads  an'  lasses  bicker. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  21. 

Bid,  G.  (bid)— To  invite,  epescially 
to  a  wedding  or  a  funeral.  See 
Bridewain. 

An'  iv'ry  lad  or  lass  they  met, 
I'th  house  or  out,  to  th'  breydewain 

They  bade  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  4. 

The  burial  will  take  place  the  day  after 
to-morrow.  Go  round  the  city  and  dale, 
and  bid  every  master  and  mistress  within 
the  warning  to  Shoulthwaite  Moss. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  62,  line  13. 

Biddable,  g.  (bid.u'bu'l)  —  Obed- 
ient, tractable. 

He's  good  to  live  with  tea,  as  quiet  and 
biddable  a  lad  as  lads  go. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  203,  line  11. 

BiddenWedding :  see  Bridewain. 

Bidders,  G.  (biddh.ltr'z)  —  Those 
who  go  round  to  give  the  invita- 
tions (to  a  wedding  or  a  funeral), 
and  in  the  latter  case  to  distribute 
the  mourning, are  called  "bidders." 
Ferguson,    p.  205. 


26 


Bidding,  g.  (bid.u'n)— The  invita- 
tion to  a  funeral  or  wedding.  See 
Warnin'. 

Now  a'  their  bidden  owr  an'  duone, 
Reght  tir'd  thy  heamward  speed. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  7. 

Biddy,  g.  (bid.i) — A  nursery  name 
for  a  louse. 

Bide,  c.  (baaid).     Abide,  c,  sw. 

(abaaid.).  Beyd,  n.,  nw.  (baeid) 
—To  (1)  abide,  (2)  remain,  (3) 
occupy,  (4)  endure,  tolerate.  See 
Bead. 

"  It's  bidden  (3)  a  mort  o'  time,  but  it's 
deun  at  last." 

"  I  caan't  abide  (4)  sec  wark." 

Ah  deuh  wish  menny  a  time,  noo-a-days, 
at  t'  hogs  hed  bidden  (2)  away. 

Scoap.     p.  75,  line  15. 

But  it  ola's  bead  (1-2)  by  him — his  upper- 
mor'  thowte.  Gibson,    p.  140,  line  3. 

Atween  the  twee  theer's  sec  a  frase, 
Oh,  but  its  bad  to  beyde  (4). 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  4. 

See  also  under  Bad  to  Bide. 

Bider,  g.(baai.ddhur')— A  sufferer. 
"She  was  olas  a  geud  bider" — 
she  endured  pain  well. 

Bield :   see  Beeld. 

Big,  g.  (big) — The  four-  or  six-rowed 
barley  —  Hordeum  hewastiohon;  the 

meal  made  from  this  was  reckoned 
superior  to  that  from  common  bar- 
ley, for  making  brown  bread  ;  also 
it  was  considered  to  be  less  liable 
to  lodge  from  heavy  rains. 
White  shows  the  rye,  the  big  of  blaker 
hue.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  3. 

—To  build. 

Here  ample  rows  o'  tents  are  stretch'd, 
The  gurse-green  common  bigg'd  on. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  9. 

Biggan,  g.  (big.U'n)  — The  act  of 
building. 


Biggin',  G.  (big.un) — A  building. 
In  combination  as  a  place-name — 

NeW-BIGGIN,   Sun-BIGGIN. 

Sing,  hey  for  a  snug  clay-BiGGiN, 
An'  lasses  that  leyke  a  bit  spwort. 
Anderson — The  Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  1. 

Biggin  Stick,  c.  (big.un-stik)— 
A  stick  used  to  push  into  the  roof 
to  hold  the  straw  when  thatching. 

The  lad's  walking-stick,  or  what  was  gene- 
rally more  correctly  termed  biggin-stick. 
Mayroyd.    Vol.  iii.    p.  201,  line  11. 

Biggie,  c.  (big.ul) — To  blindfold. 
See  Blinders. 

And  t'  bull  should  be  biggelt  or  he'll  in 

full  slap, 
And  care  not  a  wink  for  dog  "  Tyke." 

CUMBRIANA.     p.  252,  line  6. 

Biggly,  c.  (big.uli)— Blind  man's 
buff.  When  the  boy  is  blindfolded, 
another  turns  him  gently  round  to 
confuse  his  ideas  of  the  locality, 
and  says  —  "Antony  blind  man 
kens  ta  me,  sen  I  bought  butter 
and  cheese  o'  thee  ?  I  ga'  tha  my 
pot,  I  ga'  tha  my  pan,  I  ga'  tha 
o'  I  hed  but  a  rapho'penny  I  gave 
a  poor  oald  man." 

Biggy  sower,  c.  (big.i  sau.ur') — 
Implies  anything  extraordinarily 
large.     w.H. 

Big  piggin,  c. — A  large-sized  piggin 
having  a  long  stave-handle. 

Bilger,  g.  (bil.juor')— Something 
great. 

Billy,  g.  (bil.i) — Brother,  comrade. 

Her  fadder.    God  keep  him  !   mey  billy, 
Ay  thowt  her  the  flow'r  o'  them  aw  ; 
Anderson — Uncle  Wully.    Stz.  3. 

But  your  son's  a  lad,  and  he  is  but  bad, 

And  billie  to  my  son  he  canna  be. 
Gilpin — Songs.    Graeme  and  Bewick. 

p.  82,  line  6. 


27 


Bin',   g.  (bin) — To   tie   the   bands 
round  the  sheaves  of  corn. 
See  how  the  kempan  shearers  bum, 

An'  rive  an'  bin'  an  stook  their  cworn. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  18. 

Bindin,  G.  (bind.itn) — A  long  rod 
or  binder,  used  in  hedgemaking. 

Bing,  (Alston.) — Eight  cwts.  of  lead. 

Bink :   see  Benk. 

Bir.l,  c,  N.,  e.  (buorx).  Burl, 
(buorx)  —  A  whirring  sound;  a 
rapid  twist. 

The  cab  stopped  about  two  seconds,  and 
then  the  horse  gave  a  sharp  burrel;  it 
sounded  to  him  that  it  had  run  away. 

C.  Path.    1896,  Dec.  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  make  a  noise  like  the  rapid 
turning  of  a  wheel ;  move  quick- 
ly, hurry  along.  Used  frequently 
conjunctly  with  Dirl,  which  see. 
"  He's  got  to  birlin'  aboot  wonderful " 
— said  of  a  child  learning  to  walk. 

Birret,    n.   (bir'.ut).      Barret, 
(baar'.u't) — The  brim  of  a  hat. 
"  I  can  mind  of  the  old  people  speaking 
of  the  hat  birret  which  is  the  brim  of 
the  hat,"      J.H. 

Barret  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bew- 
castle,  refers  to  the  black  hard  glossy 
peak  of  a  child's,  or  of  a  postman's  cap.  T.L. 

Birst :   see  Brust. 

Birthday  custom,  g.  Ru.mbu.tter, 
(r'UOM.buot.thu'r).  Sweet  b. — 
Rumbutter,  which  is  prepared  be- 
fore the  confinement,  consists  of 
butter  and  sugar  run  together  with 
spices  and  flavoured  with  rum.  It 
is  eaten  by  wives  during  their 
confinement,  is  offered  to,  and 
expected  to  be  partaken  of,  by 
visitors.  The  lady  who  first  cuts 
into  the  bowl  is  predicted  to  re- 
quire a  similar  compliment.  It  was 
customary  to  hide  the  bowl  of  rum- 
butter  and  allow  it  to  be  searched 


for  by  boys,  who  having  found  it 
and  eaten  its  contents,  made  a 
collection  of  money  which  was 
put  by  for  the  baby  in  whose 
honour  the  rumbutter  had  been 
made.  A  child  born  on  a  Friday 
was  always  placed  on  the  Bible 
shortly  after  its  birth. 

Another  small  item  of  folk-lore  respecting 
birth  was  that  rumbutter  made  for  a  boy's 
birth  was  smittler  than  that  made  for  a 
girl.  W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  13,  col.  1. 

An  extra  dash  of  rum  was  always  added 
to  the  parson's  share  of  "  sweet "  or  rum 
butter.  Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  24,  line  4. 

Another  custom  is  that  of  taking  a  new- 
laid  hen-egg,  a  small  packet  of  salt  and  a 
sixpence,  when  paying  the  first  visit  to  a 
new-born  child.  The  first  egg  which  is 
thus  first  received  is  blown  and  the  name 
of  the  donor  written  upon  it,  after  which 
it  is  strung  and  kept.  The  eggs  received 
subsequently  are  used  in  the  ordinary 
way.      J.B. 

Birtlin',  c,  sw.,  nw.  (buort.lu'n) 
— A  small  and  sweet  summer  apple 
once  very  common. 

Bishop't,  g.  (bish.u'pt)— Milk  etc. 
burnt  in  the  pan  is  bishop't. 
"  T'  poddish  is  bishop't,  an'  fu'  o'  dozzels." 

Biskey,  g.  (bisk.i)  —  Biscuit,  tea- 
cake. 

The  good  wife  put  on  to  the  table  some 
tea  cakes,  or  biscays  as  they  are  locally 
called.  W.C.T.X.     1897.     p.  1,  col.  2. 

Bit,  G.  (bit) — (1)  A  small  quantity, 
often  used  endearingly ;  (2)  posi- 
tion, station. 

Our  bits  (1)  o'  bairns  '11  scraffle  up. 

Anderson — Will  and  Keate.    Stz.  2. 

He  sed  it  was  a  gay  bit  (1)  on't  luck. 

Scoap.     p.  221,  line  3. 

He's  gittan  poorish  and  pinch't  to  hod 
his  bit  (2). 

Forth  frae  the  bit  (2)  they  scry'd  it  furst. 
Stagg — Poems,     p.  41. 


28 


— Little,  small ;  generally  a  term  of 
endearment  or  contempt. 

"  The  bit  lad." 

Yan  sartinly  can  hev  a  bit  run  when  yan 

hes  a  mind. 

E.C.  News.    1893,  Ap.  15.    p.  8,  col.  6. 

— To  regain  a  position ;  to  fall.  To 
cut  a  small  piece  out  of  a  sheep's 
ear,  thus  forming  a  mark  for  re- 
cognition. See  Bittit. 
Jemmy,  however,  mannish't  to  bit  on  his 
feet  like  a  cat.      Wrestling,  p.  40,  line  13. 

I  on  her  feace  directly  meade  it  bit. 

Relph— Agnes  Fast.    p.  96,  line  2. 

Bite,  G.  (baait)  —  A  mouthful ;  a 
hasty  repast. 

"  He  gat  a  bite,  and  then  to  wark  he  went." 

But  gie  them  furst  a  butter-shag, 
When  young,  they  munnet  want, 

Nor  e'er  sal  wife,  or  bairn  ov  meyne, 
Wheyle  I've  a  beyte  to  grant. 

Anderson — Happy  Family.    Stz.  8. 

Bite,  ne.,  e.  (baeit)— A  sharper  ; 
generally  applied  disparagingly  to 
Yorkshiremen. 

I  am  a  Yorkshire-BiTE,  sir,  but  have  visited 
the  pretty  village  of  Rosedale. 

Rosenthal,    p.  263,  line  10. 

Bitted,  g.  (bit.it)— Ear-marked  (of 
a  sheep).  All  the  many  ear-marks 
etc.  used  on  the  various  farms  are 
entered  in  a  book.  See  Kay- 
bitted. 

Every  shepherd's  flock  has  some  variety 
of  ear-marking  ;  .  .  if  we  take  a  piece  out 
of  it,  we  say  it  is  bitted. 

Cornhill  Mag.    1890,  Oct.    p.  387. 

Bitter   Bump,   c.      Mire  Drum, 

C,  N.  (MAAiU'R'DR'UOM).  Bull  o' 
th'  bogs.  The  bittern— Hot  an  rut 
stclla H».  This  bird  is  now  a  very 
rare  visitant,  and  is  not  known 
to  breed  here.  Mr  Dickinson  had 
a  recollection  of  being  called  to 
listen  to  the  booming  of  a  bittern 


on  a  mild  evening  in  spring,  about 

the  year  1804,  in  the  mosses  of 

Arlecdon. 

Killed   a   second  bittern  ...  on   the  1st 

December,  1868.  Fauna,    p.  228. 

We  're  cawt  efter  men,  beasts,  an  burds. 
Miss  Miredrum. 

Anderson.    The  Cram.    p.  60,  col.  2,  lines 
5  and  27. 

Bit  thing,  N. — Small  and  insignifi- 
cant. 

Ah  can  dee  nowt  at  a'  wi'  it,  it's  such  a 
wee  bit  thing,  an'  ah  doot  if  t  '11  ivver 
live  on. 

Bitterment  (Obsol.)— Bitterness. 
Een  weel  is  he  'at  ever  he  was  born  ! 
He's  free  frae  aw  this  bitterment  and 
scworn. 

Relph.    Harvest,    p.  4,  line  2. 

Bittock,   e.,  Ns.  (bit.uk)  —  A   bit, 
small  piece. 
"  It's  twea  meyl  an'  a  bittock." 

Blabber skite,  c,  ne.  (blaab.U'R'- 
SKAAiT).Bletherskite,  n.(bleth.- 
u'R'SkAait) — A  vain-talking  fel- 
low.    See  Bladder. 

T'  gurt  blabberskites  ur  mair  wind  nor 
woo.         W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

He  is  too  much  of  a.  blatherskite  to  care 
for  philosophy.  C.  Patr.    1885,  Oct.  7. 

Blab- tongue,  e.  —  An  indiscreet 
talker. 

Black-a-vyz't,  g.  (blaak-uwaaizt) 
— Dark  complexioned. 
I'se  black-a-viz't,  bit  canny. 
Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon,    ch.  1,  v.  5. 

"  He's  black  avised,  like  Jwhoony  Greeafs 
cat,"  is  an  old  and  commonly  used  saying. 

E.D.D. 

Black-berries,  g.  (ber.tz) — Black 
currants. 

Black  bole,  G.  (baul)  — The  ma- 
terial with  which  leather  is  made 
black.    To  polish  boots,  shoes,  etc. 


29 


Black  cap,  EC. — Head  of  the  bull- 
rush —  Typlia  lati folia. 

Black  clocker,   c— Probably  one 
Of  the  Cava  b idee.      W.H.Y. 


Black  damp. 

a  coal  pit. 


-Carbonic  acid  gas  in 


Black  dog,  G.  (daug)— Sulks,  bad 
temper  ;  children  are  frequently 
admonished  to  beware  of  the  black 
dog,  or  to  send  the  black  dog  off 
their  back. 
He'd  olas  the  black  dog  on  his  back. 

Shadow  of  Crime,    p.  29,  line  10. 

Black  duck. — The  scoter — Oedemia 
n  iff  >'(i. 

Black-fast,  G.  (faast).  Black- 
fasting.  — A  severe  fast ;  a  time 
of  "  strike,"  when  food  is  scarce. 

— To  suffer  a  severe  fast. 

The  punch  and  cider  laves  about, 
An'  few  are  here  black-fasting. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.  Stz.  23. 

The  old  style  of  beggars  used  it  as  a  strong 
plea,  "  Aa's  black  fastin'  sin  mwornin'." 

E.D.D. 

Black  feut,  c,  nw.  (fiuot)— A  go- 
between  in  love  affairs  ;  one  who 
courts  for  another. 

Black  frost,  g. — A  hard  frost  with- 
out snow  or  rime. 

Blacking,  g.  (blaak.jn) — A  scold- 
ing. 

If  ennybody  spak,  Wat  gev  them  a  black- 
ing. Betty  Wilson,    p.  44,  line  1. 

Black  Jack,  G.  (jaak)— A  leathern 
tankard.  "  There  is  preserved  at 
Eden  Hall,  and  in  constant  use  in 
the  servants'  hall  on  New  Year's 
Day,  a  good  specimen  of  the  old 
leathern  tankard,  or  jack.  Black 
jack,  indeed,  is  its  familiar  appella- 
tion". (Rev.  B.  Porteus).  (w.)  A  kind 
of  bastard  coal,  used  by  masons  to 


mark  their  stone  in  place  of  chalk 
(a.m.)  ;  ash  is  grey  =  28%  (w.w.f.) 
(e.)  Blende  or  zinc  sulphide. 

Matthew  poured  out  the  contents  of  two 

huge  BLACK  JACKS. 

Shadow  of  Crime,    p.  74,  line  18. 
A  glitter   .   .   from  the  surface  of  spar  or 

BLACK  JACK. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  241,  line  6. 

Black  kites,  c.  (kaaits).  Black- 
bums,  c.  Brommel  kites,  N. 
(br'UOM.u'l— ).  Bummelty kites, 
e.  (buom.U'LTI  — )  —  Bramble  ber- 
ries. 

I  wantit  grog  .  .  she  brong  me  black- 
kite  wine.  Gibson,    p.  166. 

Defendant  said  "  brummel  time "  was 
coining,  and  he  would  try  to  pay  the  cost 
next  court  day. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Sept.  7.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Blackberry  wine,  called  bumble-kite. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  280,  line  4. 

Blacks,  G. — Flying  flakes  of  soot. 

Black  throssel,  e. — The  blackbird 
— Morula  morula. 

Black  twitch  :  see  Twitch. 

Black  wing  :    see  Leather  wing. 

Bladder,  c,  e.  (blaaddh.U'r). 
Bledder,  c.  (bleddh.U'R'). 
Blether,  e.,  n.  (bleth.U'R')— Idle, 
empty  talk  ;  a  bladder. 

Chaps  leyke  these  leyke  butter  fleas, 
Win  owre  oft  wi'  preyde  an  blether. 

Anderson — Laird  Jwohnny.    Stz.  2. 

— To   talk    nonsensically   or    indis- 
creetly ;  to  cry  out. 
Thou'rt  a  great  bledderen  fool. 

Shadow  of  Crime,    p.  116,  line  8. 

Efterhe'd  blathered  a  bit,  he  gat  to  wark. 
Drayson.    p.  22. 

Bladderen.  — Talkative,  foolish  ; 
see  above. 
Bleth'rin'  Lanty  Rutson. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  33. 


30 


Blain,  c,  ec,  sw.,  nw,  e.  (bliaen 
or  blaen) — To  bleach  linen  by 
exposing  it  to  the  air  and  keeping 
it  moist,  (w.)  To  dry. 
If  they  dunnet  dry  they'll  bleane,  and 
bide  less  dryin'  by  t'  Are.  (Said  of  clothes 
hung  out  on  a  damp  day.) 

Lake  Country,    p.  297. 

Blained,  a,  ec.  (bliaent  ;  blaent) 
— Half  dry  ;  generally  applied  to 
linen  hung  out  to  dry. 

Blake,  g.  (blaeu'k) — Pale  yellow. 

"  Blake  as  May  butter." 

As  blake  as  marygowds  an'  as  black  as 

corbies. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  217,  line  11. 

Blare,  g.  (blaeu'R')— To  roar 
violently  ;  to  bellow. 
"  He  blares  like  a  billy  gwoat." 
Than  he  spy't  some  sheep  cummin'  blairin' 
ower  t'  hill. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  33,  line  3. 

Blash,  g.  (blaash)— A  splash. 
(nw.)  A  drunken  spree  or  bout. 

What  mair  excitement  wish — 
When  boilin'  up,  a  blash  !   a  pull ! 
Ye've  hoald  o'  t'  king  o'  fish  ! 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  106,  line  6. 

— To  splash  ;  to  spoil  with  dirt. 
Thoo's  blash't  that  good  new  cwoat  an' 
it'll  niver  be  like  itsel  ageann.     Jos.  P. 

A  girtish  beck  .   .   churnin',  an'  blashin', 
ower  ya  girt  stean. 

Richardson  1st.  p.  115. 
Blash,  G.  (blaash).  Blashy,  g. 
Blesh,  c,  e.  (blesh).  Clash,  g. 
—  Weak,  poor,  wishy  -  washy. 
"  Blesh  yal "  is  newly-made  ale, 
which  has  a  tendency  to  purge. 
"  Blashy  tea."    "  Blashy  yal." 

Stop  t'  cwotch,  lads ;   I  mun  be  out  at  o' 
resks,  and  it's  o'  lang  o'  that  blesh  yel." 

Cumbriana.    p.  93,  line  19. 

Tak  rum ;   thoo's  hed  plenty  o'  clash  yal. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  43,  line  12. 


Blash't,  c,  nw.,  e.  (blaasht)— 
Partially  intoxicated. 

He  .   .   wadden't  see  if  we  chanc't  to  be 
rayder  blash't  like. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  5,  line  4. 

Nay,  he  wasn't  drunk,  bit  varra  sair  bl ash t. 
C.  Jr.    7284  Local  Jottings. 

Blashy,  g.  (blaash.i).  Blashly. 
— Wet,  muddy,  sloppy.  Blashly 
is  rather  more  emphatic  than 
blashy.  "  Cauld,  blashly  land"  ap- 
plied to  a  farm  in  a  high  situation, 
and  undrained  condition,  e.d.d. 

Blast,  N.,  ne.  (blaast)— An  exter- 
nal inflammation. 
Ah've  a  blast  i'  mi  e'. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Nov.  16. 

B 1  a  t  h  e  r '  t,  ec.  (bl aath.U'Rt) — 
Weak.     j.p. 

Blea,  c,  ec.  (bleeit)— Lead-colour- 
ed ;  also  blue.     Ellwood. 

Bleaberry ,  g.  (bleeu'.btj'R'i).  Bleb- 
berry. — The  bilberry —  Vaccinium 
inyrtilhts. 

The  seeds  of  the  bent  and  the  shoots  of 
the  bleaberries.     Pearl  in  Shell,  p.  188. 

Bleamy,  c.  (bleeu'.mi).  Blinky. 
— Said  of  a  day  when  the  sun  has 
been  shining,  and  the  sky  after- 
wards becomes  overcast  (j.b.). 
Shining   with   intermittent   light 

(D.H.). 

Bleary,  c,  ec.  (bleeu'.R'i) — Windy, 
cold  and  showery. 
"  It's  a  tar'ble  bleary  day." 

Bleat,  c.,N.,EC.  (bliaat)  or  (blaet) 
— Bashful,  timid. 

A  blate  cat  makes  a  proud  mouse. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  166. 

When  thoo  talks  to  mudder,  lad, 
Mind  thoo  isn't  bleate. 

W.C.T.H.     1893.     p.  10,  col.  4. 


Bleb,  G.  (bleb)— A  bubble  ;  watery 
blister.     See  Hawks. 
Thou  leuks  as  yalla  as  a  fellside  teadd, 
and  thy  chafts  is  o'  covered  ower  wid  girt 
BLEBS.  Cumbriana.     p.  294,  line  8. 

On  flooer  an'  tree  the  blebs  of  dew 
Glent  in  the  sun  leyke  diments  new. 

Brown,    p.  94,  line  6. 

— To  drink  greedily  and  with  a  bub- 
bling noise. 

An'  docker  blebb'd  for  life  an'  pluck 
€oald  water  in  a  piggin. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  39. 

Blebbery :   see  Blea-berry. 

Bledder,  Blether :   see  Bladder. 

Bledder- scope,  g.  (not  e.)  (bledd- 
h.ur-skauwp).    Bledder-heed, 

g. — A  dull-witted  person. 

Thoo  girt  silly  bleddur-scalp. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Nov.  16. 

Co't  me  .  .  bledder-heid,  an'  sap-skull. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  297,  line  2. 

Blee,  N. — Colour,  complexion. 

Gilpin — Songs  3rd.   p.  220.    (Not  known). 

Bleend,  c.  (bleend).  Blin,  n. 
(blin).  Blind,  e.  (blind) — Blind, 
abortive  —  a  blind  pap,  blind  coal 
which  will  not  burn. 
Bleend  horse  and  bleend  jockey  '11  never 
dee.         C.  Patr.   1894,  Jan.  19.   p.  3,  col.  6. 

Bleend  lonnin,  g.  (blind.lwaun.in) 
— A  green  lane  used  as  an  occu- 
pation way,  not  being  a  thorough- 
fare. 

Dost  thoo  think  yon  fell's  a  blind  lonnin  ? 
Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  102,  line  6. 

Bleend  Tarn,  c. — A  tarn  without 
visible  outlet.     Ellwood. 

Blenk,  c,  n.,  e.  (blenk).  Blink, 
(blink) — A  gleam,  glimpse. 

"  A  blenk  o'  sunshine."    "  A  blink  o'  blue 
sky," — an  opening  in  the  clouds. 

Ah  rubbt  me  een  at  ivver  ah  rubbt  them, 
— ah  couldn't  see  a  blink. 

Scoap.    p.  15,  line  23. 


Thar  blythesome  blenks  are  but  t' ensnare 
An'  tempt  to  certain  ruin 

Puor  gowks  this  day. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  30. 

— To  shine,  to  gleam ;  to  move  the 
eyelids,  to  wink. 

If  t'  sun  blinks  oot  when  theer's  a  shooar, 
It  wullen't  last  fer  hoaf  an'  hooar. 

Saying. 

Blether skite  :   see  Blabber skite. 
Bleudstean,  w. — Red  haematite. 

W.H. 

Bleudwort,  Deathcome  quickly, 
Stinkin  Bobby,  c,  sw.— Herb 
Robert —  Geranium  Robertiauum. 

Bleudy  butcher,  Bleudy  sooker : 
see  Sooky  bleud. 

Blin :   see  Bleend. 

Blinders,  c,  ec.  (blinddh.U'R'z). 
Biggies,  c.  (big.uxz).  Blinkers, 
N.,  e.  (blink.u'R'z).  Winkers, 
sw.  (winkur'z).  G-loppers,  sw. 
(glaup.u'R'z)  —  Eye  shades  used 
on  horses'  bridles. 
T"  teaah  lug  eh  t'  blinnder  bridle  was 
geaan  oategidder.      Scoap.  \  p.  218,  line  19. 

Blind  man's  holiday,  G. — Evening 
twilight. 

Blink :   see  Blenk. 

Blinker,  c,  sw. — An  old  term  for  a 
one-eyed  game-cock  ;  also  written 
Blanchard.       Blinkard  —  one 

nearly  blind  (Brockett). 

Oh,  blinker  !  Ay  to  be  sure,  a  yan  eyed 
cock's  a  blinker.  J.B. 

Blin'  moose,  b.  (blin.moos) — The 
shrew  mouse  —  the  Sorex  family 
generally. 

Blish,  g.  (blish) — A  small  blister, 
(wc.)  An  act  of  purging. 

Think  on  and  bath  t'  auld  meer's  showld- 
hers  ;  there's  a  big  blush  in  and  under 
that  daft  new  collar.      E  D.D. 

— To  blister,  blemish.    See  Blash. 
He's  a  terrible  bleshed  feace  on  him.  J.  Ar. 


32 


Blitter't,  n.,  nw.  (blitth.urt) — 
Torn  by  the  winds. 

Blob,  G.  (blaub)— The  best  part ; 
a  bubble. 

Oot  of  aw  'at  ah've  hard — An'  ah  think 
ah've  hard  t'  blob  o'  them. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Aug.  27.    p.  7,  col.  4. 

— To  take  eels  by  a  bait  of  worms 
strung  on  a  line,  (e.)  To  froth, 
bubble. 

Blobber,  g. — One  who  blobs. 

Blob  nukkel't,  g.  (niuok.U'lt)  — 

Newly  calved  and  in  full  milk. 

A  gay  bit  o'  butter,  time  o'  'ear  consider't, 

an'  nobbet  yan  o'  t'  bease  blob  new  calf  t. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  145,  line  11 

Block,  Cs.  (blauk)— To  strike  sense- 
less or  dead  with  a  pole  axe  or 
stone. 

A  grand  picter  ov  Jack  blockin'  gient 
Galligantus.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  54. 

He  picked  up  a  stone  and  said  he  would 
block  witness  with  it. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Dec.  17.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Blocker,  g.(blauk.U'R')— A  butcher's 
pole  axe. 

When  they  did  let  him  oot,  he  aimed  for 

t'  blocker  an'  ah  aimed  for  t'  garden  dyke. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Blonk,  c,  EC.  (blaunk)— A  blank ; 
a  disappointment. 
"  A  young  man  expected  a  greet  fortune 
an'  didn't  git  it ;   it  was  a  greet  blonk  for 
him." 

Bloody  Thursday,  c,  e.,  Ws. 
(bluodj-thuor's.du')— The  Thurs- 
day after  A  sh-Wednesday .  In  the 
Holme  district,  pancakes  made 
with  blood  are  eaten  on  this  day. 
On  t'  Thursday  it  was  t'  custom  to  kill 
t'  pigs,  an'  thus  it  gat  its  neame. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  2.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Blo'  oot,  g. — To  disqualify  (in  wrest- 
ling). 

If  not  in  "holds"  at  the  end  of  that  time, 
blow  them  out. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Nov.  19.    p.  8,  col.  5. 


Blore  :   see  Yur. 

Blow,  g.  (blau) — To  let  out  a  secret. 

Blow  low,  g.(lau) — Do  not  publish 
it ! ;  keep  silence  ! 
"  Blow  low,  black-feut' — a  saying  once 
common  at  Brigham. 

Blown    fruit,   G.   (BLAUN-FR'EEnin) 

— Fruit  blown  down  by  the  wind. 

Blown  milk,  g—  Milk  from  which 
the  cream  has  been  removed  by 
blowing.  This  practice  is  gradually 
going  out,  though  the  term  is 
still  used. 

Blown  milk  and  poddish  '11  suit  thee  as 
weel.  Anudder  Batch,    p.  13. 

Blue-back :  see  Bastard  shark 
and  Pell-fo'. 

Bluebill,    Dooker— The    Scaup— 
Fuligula  marila.     Birds. 
The     fishermen     hereabout    call     them 
dowkers  and  bluebills. 

Nature,    p.  83,  line  8. 

Blue  buttons,  c,  sw.,  e.,  wc.  (blioo- 
buot.unz).  Hog-a-back,  EC. 
(haug.U'baak)  —  The  Devil's-bit 
Scabious— Scabiosa  mecisa,  "Locally 
(Skelton)  hog-a-back"  (Flora). 

Blue  feltie,  bluewing,  blueback, 
bluejack.     See  Fell  fo'. 

Blue  girse,  Blue  segg  :   see  Pry. 

Blue-gray,  g.  (gr'ae) — A  cross 
between  a  black  Galloway  cow 
and  white  short-horn  bull,  whose 
sire  should  have  been  white. 

Blue-grey  cows  £21. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Dec.  23.    p.  2,  col.  2. 

Blue  hawk,  c.  (auk).  Chicken  h. , 
nw.  (chikjn)— The  sparrow  hawk 
— A  ccipiter  n  tiu*.  Very  uncommon 
(R.w.).     See  Glead. 

By  no  means  the  only  one  of  its  kind,  for 
ther.e  are  four  or  five  blue-hawks. 

Nature,    p.  96,  lino  7. 

Bluett,  nw.  Maid,  Skeat.—  Skate 
fish — Itdjii  ha  tin.  Fauna,    p.  470. 


33 


Bluffin,  NW.  Greenback,  Coal- 
mouth,  NW.  —  Coal  fish — Gadvs 
rirens.  Fauna,    p.  486. 

Bluft,  e.,  nw.  (bluoft)— To  blind- 
fold ;  to  darken. 

Tea  muzzle  a  nag  een  when  it's  gienta  bog- 
gle is  ta  bluft  it..    Pen.  Obs.  1897,  Nov.  16. 

Snow  hes  blufted  oor  winda  up. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Blur,  G.  (bluor') — To  blot ;  defame. 

Blurt,  g.  (bluor't) — A  sudden  burst 

of  "weeping,  etc.     See  Blutter. 

— To  burst  out  crying. 

It  no'but  wantit  anudder  wurd  or  two  to 
mak'  her  blurt  reet  oot. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  152,  line  15. 

Blusteration,  n.,  e.  (bluostth.U'R- 
ae.shu'n) — Talk,  noise. 

An  talks  ov  stocks,  an  Charley  Fox, 
An  meakes  a  blusteration  ; 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  3. 

Blutter,  g.  (bluotth.u'R')  —  To 
sputter  ;  to  flow  with  a  gurgling 
sound,  as  water  out  of  a  bottle. 
Oftener  "  blurt "  (Ellwood). 

Bo',  G.  (bau) — The  calf  of  the  leg. 

T'  knees  on  them  (breeches),  wid  o'  t* 
buttons  lowse,  wadn't  come  ower  t'  bo's 
o'  my  legs. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  150,  line  7. 

Boar  seg,  g.  (bwaur'-seg)— A 
castrated  boar. 

Bob,  G.  (baub) — A  knotted  stick ; 
a  cluster  of  fruit,  flowers ;  an 
ornament  shaped  like  a  ball ;  bows 
of  ribbon  on  a  dress,  etc.  See 
Whin  and  Yak  boh. 

"  She  had  put  on  a  great  red  bob  of  ribbon 
on  her  bonnet ; "  said  of  a  lady  who  had 
been  re-trimming  her  bonnet. 

Ah  fand  this  wasn't  what  it  was  for,  for 
a  greet  bob  on  t'  top  or  t'  bodclem,  whedder 
ivver  't  was,  wadn't  let  it  stand. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  3,  line  14. 

Bobberpus,  c,  ec.  (baub.u'RU's) — 
Boastful,  proud  ;  in  high  spirits. 
D 


Bobbin,  g.  (baub.in) — A  wooden 
cylinder,  on  which  yarn,  etc.,  is 
wound.     See  Purn. 

Bobble  Tit,  nc.  (baub.U'l-tit) — 
Long-tailed  tit — Acredvla  ran  data. 

Bob   tail't,  g.  (baub.taeult)— A 

waggish  tail,  and  thickest  at  the 

end. 
Bodderment,  G.  (bauddhu'R'mu'nt) 

Perplexity,  bother. 

Bodderments  of  farming. 

Cumbriana.    p.  224. 

Boddersom,    g.  (bauddh.u'R'SU'm) 
— Troublesome. 
Dang  it  all,  but  it's  a  boddersome  job. 

Todhunter's.    p.  262,  line  6. 

Boddom,  G.  (baud.ttm) — Bottom  ; 
low  ground,  a  small  valley  or 
hollow. 

Reuts  'at  they  raik't  oot  o'  t'  boddom  o'  t 
tarn. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,    p.  138,  line  12. 

Her  fadder  an  mudder  hed  a  farm  in 
Emmelton  boddem. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  1,  line  4. 

— To  reach  the  bottom ;   to  empty. 
He's  boddomed  many  a  pit,  but  he'll  be 
gittan  into  yan  efter  a  bit,  'at  he'll   be 
pinch't  to  find  boddom  on. 

Cumbriana.    p.  118,  line  2. 

Come,  Dicky,  lad,  boddom  the  whart. 
Anderson — Fellows  roun  Torkin.    Stz.  1. 

Boddomest,    g.   (baud.ttmu'ST.) — 

The  lowest. 
Bodling,  nw.   Keeling  or  Killing, 

nw.     Robin,  nw.  —  The  codfish 

—  Gudus  morrltua.  Keeling  is  the 
large  fish  which  is  out  of  condi- 
tion. The  bodling  represents  the 
best  white  fish,  whilst  the  robin  is 
a  deformed-looking  fish,  often 
taken  at  the  end  of  the  winter 

fishing.  Fauna,     p.  483-4. 

The  great  cod  or  keeling  .  .  the  cod  called 
bodling,  the  small  cud  called  robins. 

Fisherman,   p.  4. 


34 


Body :   see  Fwoke. 

Bog-bean,  g.  (Not  n.,  ne.)  (baug- 
been)— The  Marsh  Trefoil— Meny- 
anthes  trifoliatd. 

An  oald  woman  .  .  said  they  should  tak 
bogbean  an'  centery  tea,  an'  they  tean 
that,  but  it  did  neah  good. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  11,  col.  2. 

Boggle,  c,  sw,  e.  (baug.tj'l). 
Boogie,  n.  (boo.gu'l) — A  hob- 
goblin ;  something  to  be  avoided. 
Ivvery  lonely  pleace  amang  t'  fells  hed 
it'  oan  boggle  or  ghost. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  153,  line  2. 
I  nivver  tak  t'  boggle  at  scoaldin'. 

Yance  a  Year.    p.  26,  line  22. 

—To  be  shy  of ;  to  be  brought  to  a 
stand. 

"  You  needn't  boggle  at  me,  I'll  nit  hurt 
ye." 

(A  lal  lad)  'at  boggles  at  lowpy-back, 
rack-ups  or  shinny. 

Gibson — Ned  o'  Kes'ick.    Stz.  3. 

Bogie,  g.  (bwau'gi  or  bau.gi)— A 
sledge  on  wheels. 

He  was  lifting  a  large  lump  of  stone  on 
to  a  bogie,  so  as  to  have  it  taken  away  to 
the  shaft. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Nov.  23.    p.  3,  col.  7 

Bog  onion,  c,  sw.— The  Osmunda 
regalls  or  flowering  fern.  A  homely 
specific  for  outward  application  to 
sprains  or  swellings.  This  fern 
was  so  plentiful  forty  years  ago 
in  W.  Cumb.,  that  its  fronds  were 
used  for  covering  potatoes  when 
sent  in  carts  to  market. 
But  o'  things  they  telt  him  Joe  triet  tull 

his  thumb — 
An'  fegs,  an'  bog-onion,  an'  blackberry 

buds.    Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.  Stz.  7. 

Bog  trotter,  n—  During  the  event- 
ful period  of  the  northern  raids, 
the  borderers  were  occasionally 
called  bogtrotters,  from  being 
obliged  to  move  across  the  exten- 
sive mosses  in  a  gentle  trot,  when 


a  heavy  tread  or  a  short  stand 
would  cause  immersion  or  destruc- 
tion in  the  bog  ;  but  moss  trooper 
was  the  more  general  term. 

Boily,  c,  no.,  e.  (baui.li).  Boilies, 
w.,nc.,nw.  Bobbies,  sw.— Boiled 
bread  and  milk,  always  spoken  of 
in  the  plural. 

"It's  time  thoo  sud  be  gittan  his  boilies 
riddy." 

Just  luik,  how  Jurry  his  boilies  sups. 
Anderson — Jurry's  Cursnin.    Stz.  9. 

Boily  bowl,  G—  The  bowl  in  which 
the  boilies  were  served,  was  often 
handed  down  as  an  heirloom  and 
great  store  set  upon  it.  I  have 
mine  still.     J.  Ar. 

Boilin',  g.  (baui.lu'n)— The  whole 
quantity. 

Joe's  lickt  them  at  cards,  an  can  wallop 
t'  wholl  boilin  o'  them  eh  t'  bargain. 

Scoap.    p.  32,  line  18. 

Bok,  g.  (bwauk  ;  bauwk)  —  A 
motion  of  the  throat,  etc.,  denot- 
ing an  attempt  to  vomit  from 
nausea.     See  also  Bawk. 

—To  retch. 

He  seeken't  at  meat — nay,  he'd  bowk  at 
a  speun  ! 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,    p.  138,  line  4. 

Bolder,  c,  wc.  (baulddhu'R')— A 
loud  report. 
The  bolder  of  a  cannon. 

Lake  Country,    p.  297. 

Boly,  c,  sw.,  e.  (bwau.li  ;  bau.li) 
"   — A  horse ;  a  p;e,  or  a  skew-ball 
horse. 

Bo-man,  G.  (bau-mtj'n)— The  name 
of  an  imaginary  person,  used  to 
frighten  children. 

Bond  sucken,  g.  (baund-soo.kun) 
— Some  farmers  are  bound  by 
tenure  to  take  their  corn  to  the 
manorial  mill  to  be  multured  and 
ground,  and  are  bond  sucken  to  that 
mill. 


35 


Bond  tenants  .  .  derive  their  name  from 
their  "  bond  "  to  repair  the  mill  dam  and 
bring  millstones  to  the  mill. 

C.  Pate.    1894,  June  15.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

They  dress  up  some  wots  for  a  melder  o' 
meal, 
And  dry  't  in  a  kiln  in  t'  kiln  croft ; 
Than  to  t'  bond-sucken  mill  tak  't. 

Cumbriana.    p.  254,  line  5. 

Bonnily,  g.  (baun.itli) — Prettily, 
finely  ;  sometimes  used  ironically. 

Right  bonnily  he  burnt  nor  flinch'd  a  bit. 
Relph. — Agnes  Fast,    line  27. 

Bonny,  G.  (baun.i) — Pretty.  Some- 
times used  ironically  in  a  contrary 
sense. 

"  It's  a  bonny  consarn." 

Seesta,  thou's  bonny,  thou  hez  eyes  like 

pigeons. 

Dickinson.  Song  of  Solomon,  chap.  1,  v.  15. 

Yan  oft  sees  a  chap  wi'  a  good-leukin' 

feace, 
Quite  bonny  eneuf  to  put  in  a  glass  kease. 
Richardson,  1st.    Preface,  line  9. 

Bonny  burd  een,  g.  (buor'd.  een). 
Lamb  lakins  (laam-lae.kinz) — 
The  cuckoo  flower — Cardamine pra- 
tensix.  In  some  parts,  the  first 
name  is  given  to  the  Mealy  or 
Bird's-eye  Primrose — Primula  fari- 
nosa.     See  Cats  eyes. 

Booas  :   see  Beus. 

Boodies,  e.  (boo.diz)  —  Bits  of 
broken  crockery. 

Booer :   see  Bower. 

Booins,  c,  nw.  (boo.inz).  Bowins, 
c.  (bauw.inz).  Haygreen,  e. 
Muggert,  ec.  (muog/U'rt)— Com- 
mon ragwort  —  Seneciu  jacofosa, 
possibly  also  S,  ervc&folia.  (sw.) 
Booins  refers  to  groundsel. 

Booksum,  g.  (boo.ksttm) — Bulky. 

Booly,  sw.  (boo.uxi) — A  hoop. 

Booly  whol,  w.  (boo.uxi  waul)— 
A  game  at  marbles. 

D2 


T'  oalder  end  war  laikin  at  buck-stick, 
while  t'  young-ans  laikt  at  booley-whol. 

S.D.B. 

Boon  :   see  Yan  and  Beun. 

Boonce,  g.  (boons) — To  eject,  throw 
out ;  (c.)  throw  up. 
The   whole    subject    will    come    up    for 
efficient  investigation,  and  it  will  not  be 
bounced  a  second  time. 

C.  Patr.    1897,  Dec.  30.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Boon  days  :   see  Beun  days. 

Boonmest  :   see  Beunmest. 

Boon  ploughing  :   see  Beun. 

Boorstaff,  nc,  nw.  (boou'R'-staaf). 
Bore-pin  (baur'-pin) — A  short 
rod  of  wood  inserted  in  the  side 
of  the  head  of  the  hand-loom 
weaver's  beam,  wherewith  a  slight 
turn  can  be  given  to  the  beam  as 
the  work  proceeds. 

Booted  bread,  g.  (biuot.id-br'eed) 
— Bread  made  from  inferior  flour, 
or  from  a  mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 
He  sharp'd  his  gully,  whanged  the  bueted 
leafe.  Graham — Gwordy.    line  107. 

Some  stiv"d  the  keal  wi'  bout'd  bread  sea 
good.      Gilpin  Poetry.   Death  of  Roger. 
p.  204,  line  8. 

Booze,  G.  (booz) — A  carouse  ;  also 
liquor  drunk  at  a  carouse. 

They  spent  the  note  in  backing  horses  and 
in  booze.      C.Patr.  1893,  Nov.  3.  p.  3,  col.  2. 

— To  carouse. 

There  we  may  cruok  our  hams  an'  bouse 
A  wee  bit  at  our  ease. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  20. 

Boozy,    g.   (boozi) — Elevated  by 
liquor,  drunk  ;  (2)  bulky,  stout. 
This  drunken  little  priest  of  theirs,  who 
got  boosey  on  the  sacramental. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  7,  line  8. 

Scot  yence  gat  Criffel  on  his  back,    ■ 
Some  pedder-like,  as  stwories  tell ; 

Bit  whow !   his  girtins  gev  a  crack, 
An'  down  his  boozy  (2)  burden  fell: 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  9. 


36 


Bore-pin :  see  Boorstaff. 

Boretree  :  see  Bultree. 

Borran,  c.,sw.  (baur'.U'N)— A  cairn; 
a  large  heap  or  extent  of  stones 
tumbled  promiscuously  together, 
generally  ancient  funeral  piles. 

He  tally-ho't  a  fox  ya  Sunday  mwornin', 

just  as  day  brak,  oot  ov  a  borran  o'  steanns. 

Cumbriana.    p.  8,  line  17. 

Through  Borrowdale  an'  Wyburn  heids, 
He  ivvery  burrent  kent. 

Richardson  2nd.    p.  40.  line  9. 

Borrowdale  cuckoo,  c. (bwaur.u- 
du'L  kuok.00)—  A  person  of  inferior 
mental  capacity.  Tradition  states 
that  the  inhabitants  of  Borrowdale 
once  built  a  wall  so  as  to  keep  in 
the  cuckoo. 

We  Borrowdale  rustics  are  generally 
known  by  the  appellation  of  Cuckoos. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  4. 

Borrowdale  roads  are  so  bad  .  .  and  till 
Honister  is  passed  the  word  "  cuckoo  " 
must  not  be  breathed. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  2.    p.  6.    col.  1. 

Borrow-duck :   see  Skellduck. 

Borrowin'-days,  e,  ec.  —  Used  to 
denote  a  fine  day  which  comes  at 
an  unexpected  time,  as  e.g.  a  warm 
sunny  day  in  March.  The  idea  is 
that  it  is  a  day  borrowed  out  of 
the  summer  number,  and  will  have 
to  be  paid  back  again. 
It's  a  fine  day,  but  I's  flate  it's  a  bor- 
rowed 'un.     Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  26. 

Bosom,  e.,  nw,  sw.  (boo zum)— To 
eddy,  whirl. 
T"  wind  booazums  doon  t'  chimley. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Bosom  wind,  g.  (boo.zu  m  wind) — 
An  eddying  or  whirling  wind. 

Boss,  c,  no,  ec.  (baus).  Sop,  NC. 
Waze,  c.  (waez)— Boss  (or  bass) 
is  a  cushion  for  the  feet  or  knees, 
made  of  straw  stuffed  into  a  cover 
of  plaited  straw  or  matting;  but 


the  above  words  also  apply  to  a 
circular  ring-cushion  placed  under 
the  burden,  milk  pail,  etc.  when 
carrying  it  on  the  head.  See  also 
Sop. 

Botch,  g.  (bauch)— A  clumsy  job, 
a  bungle. 
"  Thou  hez  meadd  a  botch  on't  now." 

— To  mismanage,  cheat. 

An'  Paddeys  wi'  their  feyne  lin'  ware, 
Tho'  a'  deseyn'd  to  botch  fwoak. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  6. 

Botcher,  c,  nw.,  ne.  (bauch.u'R')— 
A  drink  made  by  pouring  water 
on  honey-comb  after  the  honey 
has  been  drained  off. 
"  Sweet  as  botcher  "  was  an  expression 
formerly  in  use. 

Bottle  of  all  sorts,  c,  Jerusalem 
cowslip,  sw.  Mountain  sage, 
SW. — Lungwort — Ptdmonaria  qffia,  \ 
also  Sage  of  Jerusalem  (Nicolson). 

Bottle  o'  streea,  c,  e.  (baut.ux) — 
A  bundle  of  straw  about  20  lbs. 
weight.     See  Lap. 

Bottlety  ;  Bottley  :  see  Miller's 
thoom,   Cheeny. 

Bottling  :   see  Hard  heed. 

Bottom  wind,  c.(baut.lt,m  wind) — 
The  waters  of  Derwent  Lake  are 
sometimes  considerably  agitated 
even  on  a  calm  day,  and  are  seen 
to  swell  into  high  waves  rolling 
easterly;  this  phenomenon  is  called 

a  BOTTOM   WIND. 

Bouk,  b.,  ec.  (bauwk)— To  boil  the 
linen  web  in  water  and  ashes  of 
ashen  wood  previous  to  beating  on 
the  batlin  stean  and  bleaching  it. 

Boun,  g.  (bauwn)  —  Ready,  pre- 
pared, on  the  point  of  starting. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  12. 

— To  prepare ;  to  betake  one's  self 
to  a  place. 
Ye'll  na  boune  yon  way  for  mony  a  lang 
year  yit.        Shadow  Crime.    p.46,Mnei?. 


37 


Bounder,  a,  (bocnddhu'R')— Boun- 
dary.    A  term  found  in  old  deeds. 

Bonrt,  nw.  (batjwrt)— To  pretend, 
make  believe. 

Ye'll  na  boune  yit.      So  clunnet  ye  beurt. 
Shadow  Crime.    I.    p.  46,  line  12. 

Bont,  G.  (boot)— An  (1)  attempt, 
a  turn ;  a  (2)  contest ;  a  (3)  period 
of  time,  occasion,  an  attack  of 
illness  ;  an  (4)  entertainment,  a 
"spree"  ;  a  (5)  bundle  of  "osiers, 
etc.  (Obs.).  A  bout  with  the  plough 
is  twice  the  length  of  the  field  or 
once  about. 

"  Let  him  have  a  (1)  bout  at  threshin'." 

If  lang  at  the  cwol  greuve  thou's  to  wait 
for  thy  (1)  bout. 

Cumbriana.    p.  240,  line  13. 

S —  threw  M —  after  a  stiff   (2)  bout, 
finding  the  left  hank  ineffectual. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  June  30.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

Ah've  had  sich-like  (3)  bouts  afore  now, 
and  they've  arlways  passed  off. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  210,  line  16. 
It  '11  sarve  its  turn  this  (3)  bout. 

Lake  Country,    p.  298. 
Or  neeght  we's  hev  a  hearty  (4)  bout. 

Anderson — Wor.  Weclg.    Stz.  2. 

Efter  a  drinkin'  (4)  boot  was  hard  on  t' 
skollers.         Betty  Wilson,    p.  17,  line  8. 

Reeds  at  sixpence  per  (5)  boute.  ' 

C.  Jr.    1899,  Jan.  10.    p.  2,  col.  8. 

Bowdy-kite,   e.,  n.,  sw.  (ba.uw.di- 
kaait) — A  heavy  eater,    (ne.)  A 
bold,  impudent,  mischievous  per- 
son. 
A  gurt  brossen  bowdykite. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Bowel  whol :   see  Arch  whol. 

Bower,  c.  (bauw.U'r).  Booer,  n. 
(boou'r) — A  parlour,  the  inner 
room  of  a  cottage. 

Ye  men  fwok,  eat,  drink,  an  be  murry, 
Wheyle  we  i'  the  bower  git  tea  ! 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  5. 


Bow-h.ough.ed,  ne.  (bauw-hauft) 
— Having  crooked  houghs. 
I  seed  te  last  neet  wi'  bow-hought  Peat. 
Anderson — Ned  Carnaughan.    Stz  1. 

Bowze,  g.  (bauwz) — The  recoil  of 
a  gust  of  wind  against  a  wall,  etc. 
(w.)  A  rush  of  water. 

"  T"  wind  com  in  wid  a  girt  bowze  an' 
whemmelt  ma." 

— To  recoil.  (wc.,nw.,b.)  To  rush 
or  pour  out  like  water. 

I'th'  meanteyme  the  fiddlers  changg'd  and 
play'd 
As  hard  as  they  cou'd  peg, 
Till  th'  offering  it  was  feckly  duon 
When  back  to  th'  barn  to  sweg 
They  bows'd  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25. 

Box  bed,  g.  Chest  b.  Desk  b. 
Press  b. — A  cord-bed  which  folds 
up  and  is  enclosed  in  a  kind  of 
cupboard  during  the  day.  Rapidly 
becoming  Obs. 

Brack,  g.  not  N.  (braak) — Brine. 
"  Thi3  bacon's  as  sote  as  brack." 

Brackin  clock,  g.  (br'aakjn- 
klauk) — A  small  brown  beetle — 
PhylUiprrtha  horticola — found  on  the 
young  brackins,  used  as  a  bait  for 
trout  in  June.  r.k.  states  that 
they  were  supposed  to  make  geese 
lame,  therefore  the  geese  were  sent 
home  at  brackin-clock  time.  ' '  There 
are  none  found  now,  nor  do  they 
use  them  for  fishing."  Sometimes 
called  Broon  clock. 

The  best  time  of  the  year  to  catch  trout  is 
when  the  breckan-clock  is  about.    J.B.S. 

Brackins,  g.  (br'aakjnz) — The 
common  Brakes  —  Pterin  Aquillna, 
The  fern  family  generally. 
A  lady  near  Hawkshead  having  bought 
a  small  fern  plant  at  a  flower  show,  a 
neighbour  exclaimed,  "  Three  and  six- 
pence for  a  lile  brackin  !  I'd  ha  browte 
her  a  leead  o'  them  for't."' 

Gibson,    p.  167. 


38 


Brae  :  see  Broo. 

Braffam,  a,  e.  (br'aaf.am).  Barry- 
ham,  s.w.  (baar/iham).  Breig- 
ham,  n.  (bR'ae.ghu'm) — A  horse's 
neck-collar. 

The  prize  was  neist  to  nought 

A  rig-reape,  bkaugham,  pair  o'  heams. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  29. 

T'streaa,  er  t'heaar,  en  whativer  it  hed 
been,  was  oa  rovven  oot  eh  t'BRAFFAM. 

Scoap.    p.  218,  line  19. 

"Carsaddle?"    "No."    "Braham?"    "No." 
Billy  Brannan.    p.  4,  line  13. 

Br  aft  in,  e. — A  girdle-cake  sand- 
wiched with  cheese.  Obsol. 
Much  used  in  former  days  at  churn  sup- 
pers. It  was  made  by  putting  a  layer  of 
yeasted  cake,  then  one  of  rich  cheese, 
and  repeating  these  layers  four  or  five 
times.  It  was  cut  into  slices  and  eaten 
with  sweet  sauce  flavoured  with  rum. 

E.D.D. 

Braid,  G.  (braettd) — To  resemble, 
take  after.  A  cow  is  said  to  braid 
during  the  throws  of  parturition. 

Bairns  braid  o'  their  fore-elders. 

Ferguson,  p.  171 

"  He  braids  c'  me  — he  is  like  me. 

Sullivan,  p.  79. 

An  old  farmer  described  "  braid  "  as  the 
leavings  after  the  after-burthen  of  a  cow 
is  removed.  E.D.D. 

Braird,   Ns.,  e.  (br'aeu'R'd)  —  To 
spread,  throw  about. 
The  grain  comes  through  the  ground  with 
one  leaf ;  when  it  begins  to  spread  more 
leaves  we  say  it  is  beginning  to  braird. 

J.H. 

Brake,  c,  EC.  (br'aek) — A  kind  of 
harrow,  a  scarifier,  (b.)  An  in- 
strument for  breaking  the  dried 
stems  of  flax.     See  Break. 

Brake-SOWt,C.,NW.(BR'AE.KSAUWT). 

Brakshy,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (br'aak.shi) 
— Braxy  or  congestive  fever  in 
young  sheep.     Bkakshy  is  also  the 


dried  and  pickled  flesh  of  a  sheep 
that  has  died ;  in  some  parts  it 
was  cured  and  smoked  like  bacon. 
See  Sowt. 

Brandied,  c,  ec.  (br'a and. id). 
Brannit,^.  (bra.  an.it) — Brindled. 

Brandlin'  worm,  c,  B.  (wuc-R'.u  m) 
— A  thin  clear  red  worm  used  as 
a  bait  for  fish. 

Brandreth,  g.  (br'aan.U'R'uth) — 
An  iron  frame  on  three  legs  used 
for  supporting  the  baking  plate  or 
girdle,  at  a  proper  distance  above 
the  fire  which  formerly  burned  on 
an  open  hearth ;  a  trivet.  Wooden 
bearers  placed  at  intervals  horizon- 
tally in  coal  pits,  to  which  guides 
for  the  cages,  and  collarings  for 
pumps  are  attached  (r.w.m.). 
A  brandreth  an'  a  girdle  plate. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  176. 

Brandreth  stean,  c,  b.,  sw. — A 
boundary  stone  at  the  meeting  of 
three  townships  or  parishes. 

Brang,  c,  sw.,  e.  (br'aang).  Brong, 
N.  (BR' aung)— Brought. 
But  Cursty,  souple  gammerstang, 
Ned  Wulson  brong  his  lug  a  whang. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  4 

Two  brayzent  fellows  .  .  brang  oot  a 
quart  in  ayder  hand. 

Cumbriana.    p.  6,  line  18. 

Brangle,  ne.,  e.  (br'aang.ux) — To 
wrangle. 

Brank,  c,  NC.  (braank) — To  hold 
the  head  proudly  and  affectedly. 
"  Brankan  like  a  steg-swan." 

Branks,  G.  (braanks) — A  kind  of 
halter,  having  an  iron  nose-band 
which  tightens  when  the  horse 
pulls;  originally  made  of  flexible 
birchen  twigs,  (b.)  A  game  for- 
merly common  at  fairs,  somewhat 
resembling  "  Aunt  Sally";  called 
also  "hit  my  legs  and  miss  un- 
pegs."   Obs. 


39 


We  used  to  tak  yen  o'  the  naigs  fray  the 
pasture,  and  just  clap  the  beanks  on  his 
head.  Cumbbiana.   p.  28,  line  6. 

"  Neddy  wi'  t'  beanks  "  was  played  at  fairs. 

E.D.D. 

Bran  new,  g.  (braan-nioo.) — Never 
having  been  used ;  having  the 
maker's  brand.  See  also  Span 
new. 

Iv  a  day  or  two  we  had  a  bean  new  car  eh 
t'  pleaace  eh  t'  oald  rattletrap  he  bowt. 

Scoap,  p.  219,  line  17. 

Brannigan,  c.  (braan.igu'n) —  A 
fat,  puffy  infant  boy. 

Brannit :   see  Brandied. 

Brant,  a  (br'Aant).     Brent,  ne. 

(br'ent)  —  Steep,    erect ;    conse- 
quential, pompous. 
It  was  that  beant  yan  mud  ha'  thowt  a 
cat  cuddent  ha'  keep't  its  legs. 

Richaedson,  1st.    p.  118,  line  7. 

T  oald  farmer  stept  away  gaily  beantly. 
C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  24.   p.  7,  col.  2. 

Brash,  G.  (braash),  Brattle, 
(braat.u'l)  —  A  rumbling,  loud 
sound ;  rapid  motion ;  a  turn  or 
spell  of  work ;  vigorous  effort. 
"  He  galloped  down't  road  in  sec  a  bbat- 
tle"; — in  such  a  hurry.      J.H. 

"  Ga  an  give  Martha  a  beash  at  't  churn." 

J.H. 
"  Give  t'  kurn  a  gud  beash  roon  wid  het 
watter  afore  you  start."      J.H. 

They  off  wi'  a  beattle,  'mang  sticks  and 
hats  waving. 

Rayson — Bruff  Reaces.   Stz.  5. 

There  was  a  great  beattle  of  thunder  and 
a  flash  of  lightning. 

C.  Pate.   1895,  Aug.  30.   p.  5,  col.  5. 

— To  rush  headlong,  impetuously  ; 
to  thunder ;  to  talk  excitedly. 

Oal  Bessey  swurlt  an'  skew't  about, 
Whell  fwoke  toth'  skemmelsBEATTL'T. 
Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  24. 


Fadder  leuk'd  parlish  grousome  like,  an' 
efter  a  bit  he  beash'd  off — "  I's  stark  sure, 
Peggy."         Willy  Wattle,   p.  3,  line  16. 

Hoaf-swoabered  he  beattled  oot  "What 
does  ta  say  ?  " 

Yance-a-Yeae.   p.  20,  line  1. 

Walt  issent  one  to  beash  oot  wi'  what  he 
sees  and  hears. 

Mayeoyd.   II.   p.  170,  line  11. 

"  Beash  at  it  '* — set  to  work  at  it.     J.H. 

Brashan,  g.     Brash,  c,  nw.,  nc. — 
Impetuous,  headlong,  rash. 
u  He's  a  beashan  body,  and  runs  heid  and 
neck  still." 

Brashy ,  g.  not  n.  (bra  ash.i) — Weak, 
delicate. 

Brass,  g.  (braas) — Copper  money; 
riches,  impudence,  assurance. 

"  He's  plenty  o'  beass  in  his  feas." 

He  was  counting  his  beass  in  his  open 
palm.      C.  Pate.   1893,  Dec.  15.   p.  3.,  col.  2. 

He's  swallow'd  aw  his  fadder  left, — 
Aw  t'  hooses,  beass,  an'  land. 

Richaedson,  1st.    p.  28,  line  9. 

Brasses  —  Miners'  name  for  Iron 
pyrites  in  coal. 

Brat,  G.  (braat) — A  coarse  apron  ; 
a  contemptuous  term  for  a  trouble- 
some child.  In  Borrowdale  they 
have  a  saying  that  "when  it  rains 
on  Maudlin  (Magdalene)  Day  (Aug. 
2nd),  Jenny  Maudlin  is  bleaching 
her  beat."     Clothing  in  general. 

Git  me  a  yard  o'  check  for  a  beat. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  16,  line  16. 

"  She's  gitten  her  Sunday  beats  on." 

— To  fasten  a  beat  or  a  piece  of  cloth 
on  the  hinder  parts  of  'a  ewe  to 
prevent  her  being  covered  by  the 
ram.     See  Gimmer  cloot. 

Brattle  :   see  Brash. 

Brattle-brig,  n.  (braat.U'L-brtg)— 
The  bridge  of  the  nose.     (Obs.  1) 


40 


Brattle  can,  g.  not  e.  (braat.U'L 
kaan).  Rattle  can,  nc  ,  nw.  A 
noisy  child.  Also  (nc)  a  kicking  cow. 
She's  a  rare  brattlecan  to  chatter  is  our 
Liza.     Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  213,  line  25. 

Brave,  o.  (br'AEv)— Superior ;  fine; 
of  a  good  sort ;  considerable. 
Wi'  a  bran  new  cwoat,  an  a  brave  ruffelt 
sark.  Anderson — Barbary  Bell.  Stz.  3. 
Tom  Linton  was  bworn  till  a  brave  canny 
canny  fortune. 

Anderson — Tom  Linton.   Stz.  1. 

Bravely,  a,  ne.  (br'AE.vli)— Satis- 
factorily ;  in  good  health,  well. 
"  I's  bravely,  Bab  ! "  says  I,  "  how's  tou  ?  " 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  6. 

Nin  on  us  durst  hev  spokken,  if  we  hed 
kent,  ivver  seah  bravely,  'at  he  was 
wrang.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  35,  line  7. 

Braws,  n.,  nw.  (br'aus)  — Fine 
clothes. 

Wi'  bra's  weel  buskit,  rigg'd.  an'  squar'd. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  30. 
Bray,  g.  (brae)— A  loud  shout. 
Theear  was  a  greet  bray  fro  them  aw  like 
as  yan  heears  at  t'  'leckshun  times. 

Betty  AVilson.    p.  30,  Um  7. 

— To  bruise,  beat  savagely. 

They  (weights)  were  only  used  for  . .  bray- 
ing sand.    C.  Patr.  1893,  Nov.  24.  p.  7,  col,  7. 

He  heard  it  squealing  in  an  adjoining  field 
...  he  saw  F —  braying  it. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  5.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Brayin'  stean,  c,  ne.  (br'aeu'.n- 
stiaan) — A  rounded  stone  used 
for  pounding  sandstone  with  which 
to  sand  the  floor. 

Brazzle, c,e.(braaz.U'l).  Brizzle, 
c. (br'IZ.ux).  Bruzzle,NE. (bruoz.- 
U'l) — To  press  into  a  crowd ;  to 
scorch. 

Brazzled  pez,  c.  (braaz.uxt),  and 
Brizzled  (briz.U'Lt).  Bruzzled 
pez,  ne.  (bruoz.U'LT  paez).  Scor- 
ched peas  scrambled  for  by  boys. 
A  glorious  feast  for  the  youngsters ! 


A  sly  urchin  steals  a  sheaf  of  pe 
notice  of  the  fact  spreads  quicker 
than  the  progress  of  the  Fiery  Cross 
in  old  times,  and  the  village  green 
is  soon  peopled  by  joyous  faces. 
The  sheaf  is  soon  ablaze,  and  this 
subsided,  down  go  the  boys  on 
hands  and  knees  amongst  the  still 
hot  ashes,  seeking  for  the  hid- 
den treasure.  The  peas,  some  still 
green,  some  only  scorched,  others 
charred  to  a  cinder,  are  all  excel- 
lent to  the  anxious  juveniles,  who 
rise  from  the  scramble  with  hands 
and  faces  black  as  sweeps. 
"  Hard  as  brazzle."      Old  Saying. 

Brazzlin',  c.  Bruzzlin'.  Brus- 
selin'.  Rozzlin',  nc,  EC,  e. — 
Scorching,  very  hot. 

Bread  sticks,  n.,  (breed-stiks)  — 
A  wooden  frame  upon  which  cakes 
are  dried  before  the  fire. 

Break,G.(BR'EK; breeu'k)..  Breeak, 
n. (br'iek).  Brek, e.  (br'Ek)— To 
beat,  thrash ;  break ;  to  open  out 
and  scatter  hay-cocks. 

"  Ah'll  break  the'  back  wid't  stick." 

For  fear  some  hawbuck  tek't  i'  his  heade 
To  brake  us  weel  for  tarrying. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.  Stz.  39. 
Fwok  gat  aw  (hay)  into  t'  hoose  'at  ivver 
they'd  brokken.     RiCHARDSON,2nd.   p  156. 

Breakin',  <;.  (br'eeu'.kun ;   bree- 
aa.kun)— A  thrashing. 
Gev  them  pooar  lads  sec  a  breakin'  wid  a 

brush  shank.    Betty  W i L8< >n.  p. 63. line  14. 

Bree,  a.  (br'ee)— Bustle,  agitation: 
"In  a  girt  bree" — in  a  great  hurry. 
Joyous,  uplifted. 

Tom  Leytle,  wud  a  tearful  bree, 
Gat  hoald  o'  Dinah  Glaister. 

Lonsdale — Upshot,    Stz.  12. 

Leyke  weyld-fire  off  they  flee, 
An'  uowther  puol  nor  peet-staik  flinch, 
They're  of  wi'  seek  a  bree. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  20. 


41 


— (n.)  "  He's  no  bree— he's  not  good  " 
is  a  Scottish  expression,  but  in  use 
in  the  north  of  the  county. 

Speaking  of  a  man  in  whom  he  has  no 
confidence  a  Cumbrian  would  say  "  I  have 
no  brew  (or  bree)  of  that  man." 

C.  Jr.    No.  7286.    Local  Jottings. 

Breekin,  c,  e.  (br'EE.kitn) — The 
space  behind  the  udder  of  a  cow 
or  sheep  ;  the  fork. 

Breest,  c.,ne.,e.(br'eest).  Breeast, 
sw.  (br-eeu'St) — Breast.  The  kill 
breast  is-  the  horizontal  part  of  a 
lime  or  drying  kiln,  Quarry  breest 
and  Stack  breest,  the  upright  part. 
See  Rannel  tree. 

We  war'  climmin'  t'  fell  breist. 

Gibson — Joe  and  the  Geologist,    p.  2, 
line  6. 
He  sal  lig  on  my  breest  o'  neet. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   I.   v.  13. 

— To  breest  a  hedge  is  to  face  it  with 
stone,  or  sod  and  stone  alternately. 
He  was  going  to  breast  the  fence. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  11.     p.  6,  col.  2. 

Breigham :   see  Braffam. 

Brek,  g.  (br'Ek) — Fun  ;  a  practical 
joke.  A  good  story,  generally  of 
the  .sporting  type ;  an  amusing 
incident. 

"  Sek  breks  " — what  fun  ! 

Com  in !  oad  John's  f  rare  fettle  wid  oa' 
manner  of  his  breks  !      J.  Ar. 

Joe  Tyson  teem't  a  pint  o'  yal  doon  Danny 
Towson'  back.      Wasn'  that  a  break  ? 

Gibson,    p.  168. 

He  went  to  fetch  t'  auld  meer  ya  day, — 

It  was  a  reet  good  brek — 
When  wi'  his  helter  he  gat  theer, 

He  cuddent  reach  t'  yat  sneck. 

Richardson.    1st.    p.  78,  line  4. 

Brek,  c,  ec.  (briek),  and  Break 
(briaak).  Breek,  n.  (breek)— 
The  portion  of  land  ploughed  out 
of  ley  in  the  year. 


— To  break,  destroy ;  to  breakinto,  rob. 
Aw  cummen  togidder,  wi'  geavlocks  an' 
hammers  ower  their  shooders,  to  brek  t' 
dooer  in.       Richardson,  1st.    p.  21,  line  6. 

Whee  was  't  that  beak  our  landlwords 
garth.      Anderson.    Gwordie  Gill.    Stz.  2. 

Brek  of  a  frost,  g. — A  thaw. 

Since  the  break  of  the  frost  there  has 
been  some  good  sport  with  the  gun. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Feb.  17.    p.  5.,  col.  1. 

Breme,  ne.,  e.  (br'EEm) — To  froth. 
This  is  also  said  of  a  sow  maris 

a  p pet  ens. 

"  It  bremes  over  " — it  froths  over  the  brim. 

T"  oald  su's  a-brimin.      J.D. 

Brett,  nw.  Cockfleuk,—  The  Brill 
— Rhombus  IteHs. 

Breukt,  c,  e.  (brjuokt).  Beuk't,  c. 
—  A  herdwick  sheep  or  a  cow 
having  a  peculiar  intermixture  of 
black  and  white  hairs  on  the  legs 
and  face,  is  said  to  be  breukt. 

Brick,  g. — Schoolboy  slang  for  al- 
most any  projectile. 

W.C.T.    1898,  June  18.    p.  7,  col.  5. 

Bride- ale,  a,  ec.  (bra.  aid  iaal) — 
"Wedding-ale ;  so  called  from  the 
bride  selling  the  ale  at  the  poorer 

marriages.  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Bride  wain  (braaid-waen).  Bidden 
Wedding,  g.  (bid.U'N  wed.U'n). 
Infair — There  is  a  slight  differ- 
ence between  these  terms,  which 
are  frequently  considered  to  be 
synonymous.  The  custom  is  now 
Obsolete,   but   a   Bidden  Wedding  as 

described  in  Anderson's  "Codbeck 
Wedding"  was  always  held  at  the 
house  of  the  parents  of  the  bride, 
whereas  the  Beidewain  (Brideway- 
ing  in  announcements  of  the  18th 
Century)  was  held  at  the  new 
home,  a  collection  of  money  being 
made  for  the  newly-married  pair, 
and  sports  held  for  the  amuse- 
ment of  all  as  described  in  Stagg's 
"  Bridewain." 


42 


The  holding  of  a  marriage  feast 
for  the  purpose  of  receiving  assist- 
ance was  subsequently  termed  In- 
fair,  but  this  expression  was  more 
commonly  applied  to  a  festivity 
held  in  a  public-house  at  other 
than  the  stated  and  regular  dates 
for  Merry-nights.  A  Bidden  Wedding 
differed  from  a  Bridewain,  but  some- 
times the  former  became  the  latter. 
The  following  is  copied  from  a 
local  paper  of  1786,  and  relates  to 
a  Bridewain:  " Notice  is  hereby 
given,  that  the  marriage  of  Isaac 
Pearson  and  Frances  Atkinson  will 
be  solemnised  in  due  form  in  the 
parish  Church  of  Lamplugh  in 
Cumberland,  on  Tuesday  the  30th 
May ;  immediately  after  which  the 
bride  and  bridegroom,  with  their 
attendants,  will  proceed  to  Lane- 
foot,  in  the  said  parish,  where  the 
nuptials  will  be  celebrated  by  a 
variety  of  entertainments." 

Seventy  pounds  was  contributed 
at  Henry  Stoddart's  bridewain  at 
Keswick ;  and  one  hundred  pounds 
at  a  similar  fete  at  the  Beck  near 
Holme  Cultram,  both  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century. 

O,  sec  a  Weddin  I've  been  at  ! 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  1. 

Furst,  you  mun  ken,  a  youthfu'  pair, 

By  frugal  thrift  exceyted, 
Wad  hev  a  breydewain,  an'  of  course, 

The  country  roun'  inveyted. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  2. 

For  sec  an  infair  I've  been  at 
As  hes  but  seldom  been, 

St  ago — Bridewain.    Stz.  1. 

Brief,  g.  (br'eef) — A  collecting  card 
or  sheet  for  one  who  has  met 
with  misfortune,  and  is  applying 
for  pecuniary  assistance  from  his 
neighbours. 

They  gat  a  brief  fer  him  when  t'  coo  deed. 
Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 


Bringe,  g.  (brinj)— A  violent  rush. 
"  Thoo  needn't  mak  sec  a  bringe  at  men." 
Furst  he  wad  pop  intil  yah  dooar,  .  .  than 
mak  a  bringe  intill  anudder,  seah  as  nea- 
body  med  see  him.  W.C.T.X.  1894.  p.  7,  col.  2. 

— To  rush  forward  violently. 

Bring-in, g.(bring-in) — To  convert, 
"  Ah've  brought  him  in  to  my  way  of 
thinking."      S.D.B. 

Bring  up,  G.-To  arrive  and  remain  at. 
Neabody  knoas  whoar  ah  wad  a  browt  up, 
if  ah  hed'nt  hitten  ebbm  on  yoor  hoose. 

Scoap.   p.  64,  line  li. 

Brist :   see  Brust. 

Brittainer,  nw,  eg — A  queer  cus- 
tomer. Pen.  Obs.   Nov.  23. 

Brizzled :   see  Brazzled. 

Broach,c., b., e.  (bra.uch)— A  wood- 
en pin  on  which  the  ball  of  new- 
spun  yarn  is  placed  to  be  wound 
on  the  yarn  winnels.     A  boring  bit. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

Broan,  c,  e.  (br'Aun).     Braan,  ne. 
(br'Ian) — A  boar-pig. 
Some  heads  an'  thraws  war  stretch'd  i'  th' 
nuik, 
An'  loud  as  brawns  war  snowran ; 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  48. 
Brob  :   see  Brog. 
Brock,  G.  (br'auk) — A  badger. 
Will  Pearson,  .   .   .   runnin  f  trail  ov  a 
brock  .   .   .   with  his  five  dogs. 

Cumbriana.   p.  9,  line  1. 

Brock  feast,  c.,ne.  (br'auk  fiaast) 
— Snip-faced  like  a  badger. 

Brog,  g.(br'aug),  and  Brob  (br'aub). 
Brogment,  EC. — A  small  branch. 
A  stout  post,  rows  of  which  are 
driven  into  the  sands  to  mark  the 
safest  route  across  the  estuaries  of 
river*,  (eg)  Refuse  thorns  or 
branches.  A  straw  or  stick  stuck 
in  the  hat  or  held  in  the  mouth, 
by  those  wanting  to  engage  in 

'  service,  on  the  hiring  day,  in  token 
of  their  being  open  to  an  engage- 
ment. 


43 


Be  t'  time  we'd  gitten  by  t'  last  brog  an' 
off  V  sand,  it  rooar't  an'  blew  fit  to  thraa 
a  body  ooer.      Forness  Folk.   p.  37,  line  5. 

Brog  out,G.(BR'AUG-ooT) — To  mark 
out  by  sticking  up  branches. 

Dickinson.    1859. 
Brong :   see  Brang. 

Broo,  c,  e.  (br'oo).  Breaa,  sw,  e. 
(brtaa).  Breea,  N.  (br'EEU'). 
Brae,  K  (brae) — Brow ;  a  hill, 
slope ;  the  edge  or  brink  of  a  steep 
place,  as  of  a  hill  or  river ;  often 
found  in  place  names  as  Eden 
Brows. 

"  T'  beck's  broo  full." 
He  dash't  t'  sweet  off  his  broo  wid  his 
cwoat  sleev'.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  22. 

We  coh  ten  that  girt  brigg  at  t'  boddom 
eh  th'  broo.  Scoap.    p.  13,  line  15. 

Ye  primrose  banks,  an'  woody  braes. 

Anderson.    Primrose.    Stz.  1. 

Broon  clock  :   see  Lousy  beegle. 

Broon  G-wordie  :   see  Gwordie. 

Broon  hawk,  Red  hawk — Kestrel 
(w.H.) — Falco  tinnunculus. 
The  red  hawk  is  plucky  beyond  its  size 
and  strength.  Nature,    p.  13. 

Broon  leemers,  c,  e.  (broon  lee.- 
MU'R'z) — Nuts  ripe  and  ready  to 
drop  out  of  the  husks. 

Brooy,  g.  (br'oo.-i) — Being  on  the 
edges  or  side  of  hills. 

Brossen,  c,  sw.,  EC,  e.  (braus.U'n). 
Brussan,  n.  (br'UOS.U'n).  Brust, 
ne.(br'UOSt) — Burst,  overworked ; 
also  used  with  reference  to  some- 
thing coarse,*  and  large. 
"  Brossen  wi'  wark.'* 
A  girt  brossen  leuckan  fella,  with  a  reid 
feaace.  Scoap.    p.  239,  line  3. 

Becka  liftit  him  on  tull  his  knees  an'  seed  is 
brussen  nwose.  W.C.T.X.  1893.  p.  4,  col.  2. 
Dick  thoo  shan't  teaste  cworn  agean  till 
.  .  .  Munday  neet,an' than  Ah'll  promis' 
the  thoo'll  nut  be  brussen  wid  what  thoo 
gits.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  131,  line  2. 


Brossen  bags,  c. — A  fat-bellied 
person. 

Ah'll  challence  enny  yan  o'  yeh  .  .  .  ey 
oald  brossen-bags  hissell. 

Scoap.    p.  241,  line  15. 

Brossen  full,  E.,  EC. — Very  full. 

Brossen  hackin,  e.,  ec. — A  corpu- 
lent, gluttonous  person. 

Brossen  kern,G.(BRAUS.U'N  kuorv 
U'n) — This  term  is  applied  in  ridi- 
cule when  the  harvest-home  is  held 
prematurely. 

Brot . ,  c,  nw.  (braut) — Refuse  corn ; 
odds  and  ends. 

Broth,  o.  (br'AUTh) — Broth  and  por- 
ridge are  always  referred  to  in  the 
plural  number,  and  generally  with 
"  few  "  prefixed. 

We  ask  our  neighbours  to  a  few  broth,  a 
few  porridge. 

Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  26. 

He  ceul't  doon  in  time,  as  t'  broth  dus 
when  they're  dish't  up  for  a  bit. 

Betty  Wilson,     p.  39,  line  8. 

Brot  oot,  C.,SW., EC, NE.  (braut  oot) 
— To  shed  the  grain  from  over- 
ripeness. 

Brouce,  n.  (br'auws  or  br'oos)— To 
move  rapidly  and  with  noise. 
Up  brouc'd  the  taistrels  in  a  leyne 
Till  reeght  fornenst  them. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  6. 

What's  t'e  broucin'  aboot  for,  an'  setten 
yersel  up  ?  Hetherington. 

Brough  hill  pony  —  The  native 
Fell  pony,  so  named  from  large 
numbers  being  sold  at  Brough  Hill 

Fair.       C.  Patr.   1899,Mar.31.    p. 6, col. 2. 

Brough.  hill  time,  and  B.  hill 
weather,  G.  (bruof) — The  fair  at 
Brough- under- Stainmore  is  held' 
on  Sept.  30  and  Oct.  1,  when  the 
weather  is  generally  cold  and 
stormy  ;  hence  the  expression  re- 
ferring to  time  and  weather. 


44 


Browe,  B.,  e.  (brauw) — An  impu- 
dent lad. 

Browse,  c.(br'AUWz)— Friable,  mel- 
low. 

"  You   may  begin  to  sow,  for  t'  land's 
browse  now." 

Browtensup,G.(BR'AUW.'TU'NS-uop) 
— Bringing  up,  training. 
Sec  conduct  sheam'd  his  browtins  up. 

Fireside  Crack,    p.  13,  line  16. 

Bruffie,  b.  (br'UF.ul) — Excitement. 

Brully ,  c,  N.,  EC.  (br'UOL.i).     Brulli- 
ment,NE.(BR'UOL.iMU'NT)—  A  broil, 
disturbance,  storm. 
Monie  a  teyrne,  when  chaps  were  crouse, 
An  meade  a  brulliment  an  bodder. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz  2. 

An'  when  this  ragin'  brully's  past, 
He'll  feed  an'  deed  them  aw,  man. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  229,  line  3. 

— c. — To  make  a  disturbance. 

And  snug  may  they  mak  ther  sels  round 
a  hearth  fire, 
While  t'  wind  roars  and  brullies  out- 
side. Cumbriana,   p.  243,  line  13. 

Brummel  kites :  see  Black  kites. 

Brussy,  c,  n.  (brioo.si)— An  over- 
grown female. 

A  swort  o'  the  revellan  bruocies,  went 
lethran  down  to  Lucy's. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  43. 

Brush — To  shoot  down  the  roof  of 
a  coal-pit,  so  as  to  increase  the 
height,     r.w.m. 

Bru.sh.in',  b. — Small  branches  fixed 
on  the  top  of  steak  and  ryse. 

Brussan :  see  Brossen. 

Brust,G.  (bruost).    Brist,  Birst,  n. 
— A  bursting,  outbreak ;  a  contest  I 
or  competition,  especially  in  racing. 
An  attack,  difficulty,  fight ;  in  these  ! 
latter  senses  the  word  seems  to 
be  Obs.     See  Brast,  Brossan. 
T'  oald  jolly  jist  .  .  .   fairly   dreav  me 
rantin  mad,  an'  I  dud  mak  a  brusi. 

Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  10,  line  8. 


Bruzzled :   see  Brazzled. 

Bubbleyjock,G.(BUOB.U'LU\VAUK.) 
— A  turkey  cock. 

His  feace  grew  as  red  as  the  chollers  ov 
a  bubbley  jo.  k. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  26,  line  10. 

Buck,  c,  sw.,  EC.  (buck)— A  dandy, 
a  fop.  Also  pride,  stupidity  ;  (e.) 
a  prop  to  hold  a  cart  level,  when 
not  yoked.  Pen.  Ok 

When  I  was  a  young  buck  iv  a  chap. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  1,  line  »3. 

Buck  basket,  s.  (buok  baa.sk.ut) 
— A  long,  narrow  hamper.  Doubt- 
ful if  in  use  in  Cumberland  except 
on  the  extreme  south  border. 
He  .  .  .  could  therefore  divine  for  her 
who  it  was  that  had  despoiled  her  of  the 
contents  of  her  "buck-basket." 

W.CT.H.    1893.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

Buck  horn  moss,  a  Fox's  tail. 
— Club  moss — Lyrop  idittm  cHtatum. 

Buck  i'  t'  neuks,  e.  (buok  it 
niuoks)— A  rude  game  played  by 

boys. 
Buckle,  c,  eg  (buok.ux)— Order, 
condition,  health. 

"  He's  i'  girt  buckle  to-day."' 

I  fand  them  aw  i'  girt  buckle,  an'  varra 
pleas't  to  see  me  seaf  back  agean. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  130,  line  3. 

— (g.)  To  marry ;  fasten  upon,  attack ; 
seize. 

Weel  !  I  buckled  wi'  Meg,  an'  the  blythe 
honey-moon  scarce  was  own*. 

E.C.News.    1894,  Mar.  10.    p.  8, -•  1.  1. 

Aboot  a  scwore  on  us  buckel't  greit  Joe. 
Richardson.  1st.    p.  22,  Um  .'. 

Ah  slappt  in  t'  queen  eh  V  aeaam  suit, 
while  wih  f  budderab  bugtli  f  twelve 
soverans.  Scoap.    p.  29,  line  & 

Buckle  beggar,  N.  (BUOK.UL  BEO.- 
U'r) — The  Gretna  Green  parson. 
His  office  became  extinct  by  Act 
of  Parliament  in  1857. 


45 


Buckle  teah,  g.  (buok.U'l-tiuo)— 
To  begin ;  take  in  hand. 

"  Buckle  teah,  men,  ye're  varra  welcome." 

When  ah  bucklt  teuh  ah  seunn  fannd 
oot  it  teaak  a  girt  deal  mair  weritin  ner 
tellin.  Scoap.    p.  11,  line  13. 

Buck- stick.— The  game  of  rounders 
played  with  a  "  cat "  or  "  catty  " 
instead  of  a  ball,  the  stations  being 
marked  by  holes ;  the  game  is  a 
100  up  and  each  run  scores  5. 
There  was  a  variation  of  this 
game,  which  seems  to  have  died 
out,  called  "  cross-sticks  "  ;  after 
hitting  the  "cat"  all  the  in-side 
ran  to  the  centre  of  the  ground, 
lay  their  sticks  down  crossed,  and 
return  to  their  stations ;  into  this 
hole  each  player  spat  and  after 
securing  his  stick  stood  with  the 
point  of  it  in  the  hole.  The  game 
is  1000  or  3000  up.  Accounts  of 
such  matches  used  to  be  reported 
in  the  Maryport  Advertiser.    S.D.B. 

Buck  tooth,  n.,  ec. — A  projecting 
front  tooth. 
Wi'  bluidy  neb,  Peg  brak  peer   Dinah' 

BUCK  TEETH. 

Anderson — Kurn-Winnin.    Stz.  18. 

Buck  up,  G.  (buok-uop)— To  (1)  sub- 
scribe ;  (2)  help  or  assist ;  (3)  make 
advances  to  ;  (4)  dress  up. 

"  Buck  up  (3)  till  her,  lad." 

Our  guts  aw  well  pang'd,  we  buckt  up  (1) 

fer  Blin  Jenny, 
An  neist  pay'd  the  shot  on  a  girt  pewder 

plate. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-Neet.   Stz.  5. 

Hoo  fine  lal  Tommy  is  to-day  ;  he's  a' 
buck't  up  (3).    Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.  p.  221. 

Buff,G.(BUOF) — Nakedness;  a  stroke 
with  a  dull  sound. 

F  the  scuffle  they  learnt  Lowson'  mudder, 

An  fain  they'd  ha'e  stripp'd  into  buff. 

.   Anderson — Clay  Daubin.      Stz.  7. 


Buff,  c,  e.  (buof).  Boff,  b.  (bauf) 
— To  strike  with  an  axe  and  not 
make  a  clean  cut ;  to  rebound. 
When  yan  's  drivin'  a  stiak  an'  its  gitten 
fluzzed  an'  it  comes  oot  farder  than  it 
gangs  in  when  yan  hits  it  wi'  a  mell,  then 
it  buffs.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  23. 

Bug,  Obs. — To  offend,  give  offence. 
A  sodger  wid  a  wooden  leg, 
Had  bug-'d  a  bure,  her  name  was  Meg. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  35. 

(Note — In  the  later  Editions  begg'd  re- 
places bug'd  ;  I  am  disposed  to  think  that 
bug'd  is  the  original  reading,  it  accords 
better  with  the  remainder  of  the  incident 
than  does  begg'd  meaning  "  borrowed.") 

Bule,  G.  (bool  ;  biuol)— The  bow  of 
a  basket  or  corfe  or  pan.  See 
Yettlin. 

"  I'se  gaun  to  hev  awt  watter  on  to  beer 
this  bucket,  it's  sae  full.  Tom  wul  te  tak 
hoal  o'  t'  tudder  seyde  o'  t'  bule  an  giv 
me  a  lift?"      J.H. 

Bule  pan  :   see  Shank  pan. 

Bulgrum,w. — A  carbonaceous  shale 
with  thin  layers  or  veins  of  coal. 
The  ash  is  red,  and  amounts  to 
62%  in  the  shale,  and  41  %  in  the 
better  portions  (w.w.f.). 

Bulk,  nw.  (buolk)  — The  quantity 
of  herring-nets  shot  at  one  time ; 
about  fifty  yards. 

Bull  adder,  g.  (buol-eddh.U'R')  — 
The  Dragon-fly.  See  Leather- 
wing. 

Bull  bustard,  nc,  nw.,  wc.  —  Oak 
eggar  moth — Bombyx  quercvs,  and 
Fox  moth — B.  rubl. 

Bull  coppy,  G. — The  walled  yard  in 
which  the  farm  or  parish  bull  is 
kept. 

Your  common  punfoald  was  wawt  in  on 
ivvery  side  like  a  bull  coppy. 

W.C.T.X.   1898.   p.  6,  col.  1. 


46 


Bullens  :   see  Bunnels. 

Bull  front:  see  Bull  toppins, 
Hard  heed. 

Bull-grips,  g.  (buol.grips) —  Iron 
claspers  for  leading  bulls  by  the 
nose. 

Ye'll  want  the  bull-grips  to  keep  him 
quiet.       Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  33,  line  11. 

Bull-heed,  c.,e.(eed) — The  tadpole. 

Bullister,  n.,  e.  (buol.istthu'R')  — 
The  fruit  of  the  bullace-tree. 
Her  eyes  are  leyke  twee  bullisters, 
Her  lip3  are  red  as  choops. 

Brown,    p.  90,  line  1. 

BuIljumpins,c.(jU0MP.LNz).  Why 
yodriks(iAUD.U'R'iKs).  Whylai- 
kins,c.,E(wAAiLAE.KiNz).  Bally 
cruds,  b.  (baal.i  krtjdz)  — The 
second  day's  milk  of  a  newly-calved 
cow,  or  "beastings"  which  curdle 
when  boiled. 

Bull  neck,  run  —  :  G. — To  proceed 
rashly ;  run  precipitately,  with  tem- 
per aroused,  having  the  ''bristles 
up." 

Thivc  or  fower  eh  t'  gang  meaad  for  me 

het-feutt,  and  runnan  bull-neck  at  men 

oa  tegiddcr  dud  ther  best  teh  buckle  meh. 

Scoap.    p.  199,  line  19. 

Bullock,  EC.  (buol.u-k)  —  To  treat 
harshly ;  to  domineer. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov,  23. 

Bullock-man,  g.  —  The  man  who 
attends  to  the  cattle  on  a  farm,  as 
distinct  from  him  who  attends  to 
the  horses. 

Bullock  walloper :  see  "Walloper. 

Bull  o'  th'  bogs :  see  Bitter  Bump. 

Bull-ring,  g. — The  ring  put  through 
the  nostrils  of  a  bull ;  also  the  ring 
to  which  bulls  formerly  were  se- 
cured previous  to  being  baited  or 
slaughtered,  as  at  Penrith,  Kes- 
wick and  elsewhere ;  also  a  place 
of  public  challenge.  To  "  shak  f 
bull-ring"  was,  some  three-score 


years  ago,  to  challenge  the  village, 
or  town,  or  fair-stead  to  produce  a 
champion  to  fight  the  "shakker"; 
similar  to  the  Irishman  dragging 
his  coat  through  the  fair  for  another 
to  tread  upon. 

A  large  stone  in  the  pavement,  ...  to 
which  was  attached  a  strong  iron  ring, 
called  the  "  bull-ring." 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  2,  line  12. 

Then  he  wad  shek  the  bull-ring,  an  brag 

the  heale  town, 
And  to  feght,  run,  or  russle,  he  pat  down 

a  crown. 
Anderson — Matthew  Macree.    Stz.  i. 

Bull-segg,  g.  (seg)— A  bullock. 

Thoo  cruins  war  ner  a  bull-segg. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

Bull  stang,G.(STAANG) — The  injury 
which  a  cow  may  receive  in  the 
act  of  "  bulling." 

Bull  stang,  g.  Horse  stinger,  c. 
Leath.erwing,  SW.  Blackwing, 
N.  Draker,  EC. — Applied  to  all 
Dragonflies— LibelltUa  dcpreuz,  M*k* 

n-i  grandis,  Agrion  pulcheUa. 

Bull  toppins,  c.  (top.ixz).  Bull 
feases,  s.w.  Bull  fronts,  N. — 
The  coarse  tufts  of  Turfy  Hair-grass 
— Aira  ceespitosa.    See  Hard  heed. 

Place  the  end  of  the  fork-shaft  against 
the  base  of  the  stiffest  bull-toppin  within 
reach.  Cumbriana.  p.  33,  line  3. 

Bultree,  g.  not  E.  (buolt.R'i).  Bur- 
tree,  sw.,  e.  (boour'Tri.)  Bore- 
tree,  n.  (bau'R'TRI.)  —  The  Elder 

tree — Sambucus  nigra. 
They  crack'd  away  leyke  boutrey  guna 
0'  thing  they  teuk  deleyt  in. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  22. 

T  swarm  hed  settled  on  a  bultery  bush. 
W.C.T.X.    1896.    p.  29,  line  1. 

Bultree  gun,  g.— A  boy's  popgun 
made  of  a  young  stem  of  the  elder. 
Bultree-guns,  an  croas  an  coofcsparras, 

an  jack-dohs.  Scoap.    p.  89,  line  16. 


47 


Bum,  G.  (buom) — To  be  very  busy; 
to  rush  about. 

"  Bumman  about  like  a  bee  in  a  bottle." 

She  sowes  reet  hard  o'  t'  efterneuns, 
An'  than  at  neets  bums  at  her  spinnin. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  175,  line  7. 

Bumfit :   see  Yan. 

Bumly,  g.  (buom.uxi).  Bummel 
(buom.ux).  Bumler,  ec.  —  The 
Humble  bee — Bombus  terrextrU,  or 

muxeorvm,   (ec.)  The  boisterous  and 
blustering   B.  ten-.,  is  sometimes 
called  "  a  belted  earl."  (J.  Ar.). 
As   cheerful  as  a  lark,  an'   bissy  as   a 
bummely.         Betty  Wilson,    p.  82,  line  3. 

Bummel,  G. — A  blunder,  bungle. 
"  He's  meade  a  fair  bummel  on't." 

— To  bungle,  blunder. 

Oal  Peat'  wife  laikt  wa  Nan-Rob-Jack, 

Because  she  was  his  goddy, 
She  bummelt  on,  an  iv  a  crack 
Lost  nineteen-penze  at  noddy. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.     Stz.  20. 

Bummellan,  G. — Awkward,  blun- 
dering. 

IThat  she  should  have  fallen  in  love  with 
a  sandy-powed  bumbling  fellow  like  that# 
Lizzie  Lorton.    II.     p.  137,  line  6 

Bummeller,  g.  (buom.U'LU'R')  —  A 
bungler. 

^Keep  thy  neb  oot  of  that,  thoo  bummeller. 
Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  101,  line  21. 

Bummelty  kites :  see  Black  kites. 

Bump,  c,  ce.  (buomp) — A  blow ;  a 
hump  or  swelling. 
Wi'out  meetin'   wi'  any   farder   mishap 
than  a  bump  on  t'  heead. 

Lebby  Beck.    p.  6,  line  11. 

Bumper,G.  (buomp.U'R')— Anything 
large. 

—  N.  —  To    drink   the   health   in   a 
bumper. 
Come,  bumper  the  Cummerlan'  lasses. 

.  Anderson — Codbeck  Wed.    Stz.  22. 


Bumpy,  g. — Lumpy,  uneven,  said 
of  a  road  when  worn  out  and  full 
of  inequalities. 

Bumthunder,  g.  (buomthuon.- 
ddhu'R') — To  make  a  loud  start- 
ling knocking. 

They  (the  old  dancers  of  60  years  ago)  did 
bumthunder  the  loft  with  a  vengeance, 
both  men  and  women.  J.H. 

T"  chairman  bumthundert  t'  teaable,  an 
bellart  an  rooart  at  them. 

Scoap.     p.  147,  line  11. 

Bunch  and  Bungel  berry:  see 
Roebuck  berry. 

Bundle  :   see  Head. 

Bung,  n.,  ne.  (bung) — An  awkward 
big,  useless  woman. 

"  She's  a  greet  bung." 

Bunnels,  c.  (buon.u'lz).  Bullens, 
n.  (buol.u'nz)  and  Spoots  (spoots) 
— Dry  stems  of  the  Kesh  or  cow- 
parsnip — Jleraclewn  sphondt/lium  ;  Or 
of  hemp,  used  for  candle  lighters. 

Bunsan  cow  :   see  Dumpy  cow. 

Buntin, b—  Trimming  for  a  woman's 
hat  or  dress.     Obsolesc.     j.b. 

Bur,  c,  ec.     Cockelty  bur  (kauk.- 

U'LTI-BUOR').     Clotbur,N.(KLAUT) 

— The  rough  seed  ball  of  the  bur- 
dock— Arctium  lappa,  used  by  chil- 
dren to  stick  upon  each  other's 
hair  or  clothes. 

Thoo  stack  till  Bess  Bruff  like  a  cockelty 
bur.  Gibson — Sneck  Posset.    Stz.  5. 

Bur,  g.  (buor') — A  rapid  whirling 
motion ;  the  sound  produced  by 
such  motion.  A  short  run  (runnan 
bur)  to  gain  impetus  for  a  leap, 
hence  a  hurry,  (c.)  A  wheel- 
stopper. 

Never  in  my  born  days  did  I  see  a  horse 
go  off  with  such  a  burr. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  102,  line  10. 
A  stone  flung  with  force  comes  with  a 
birre,  because  it  makes  a  whirring  in  the 
air.  Lake  Country. 


48 


— G. — To  hinder ;  to  apply  a  bur. 
"  He  bur't  me." 

"We  "bur"  the  cart  to  keep  it  in  its  place. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  15.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

— c,  e.,  s.w.  (buor').     Burgh,  e.,  ne. 
(bur'gh) — A  halo  seen  round  the 
sun  or  moon. 
A  far  off  burgh  tells  of  a  near  hand  storm. 

Saying. 
When  t'  burr's  far,  t'  rain's  nar.    Saying. 
If  t'  bur  o'  t'  muin  be  far  away 
Mek  heaste  an'  house  yer  cworn  an'  hay ; 
Bit  if  t'  bur  be  nar  t'  muin 
We'll  hev  a  clash  bit  nit  sae  suin. 

Saying. 

Burbleck  :   see  Watter  dockin. 

Bure. — Obs.     A  country  woman;  a 
woman  of  loose  character. 
A  bure,  her  neame  was  Meg, 
A  winsome  weel  far'd  body. 

Minstrel — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  35. 

Burl,  Cs.,n.,e.(buor'l;  n.,burt) — To 
pour  out,  or  ply  with  drink  at 
sheep  shearings,  etc.  To  move 
quickly,  hurry  along ;  to  make  a 
noise  like  the  rapid  turning  of  a 
wheel.  Used  frequently  in  con- 
junction with  Did. 
"  He's  got  to  birlin'  aboot  wonderful  " — 
said  of  a  child  learning  to  walk. 
He  burl't  oot  t'  drinks.  J.B. 

Burler,  c,  EC,  ne.  (buor'.lu'R')— An 
attendant  who  serves  the  drink 
round  at  sheep-shearings  and  coun- 
try sales. 

The  M.C.  at  a  "  bidden- wedding,"  who  looks 
after  the  liquor  and  gets  up  the  subscrip- 
tions. Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

They  fell  to  wark,  drinken'  an'  singen,'  .  . 
Efter  a  bit  Billy  fell  oot  wid  t'  burler,  an' 
wad  feight  him. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  5,  col.  2. 

Burley,  c,  n.,  EC.  (buor'.li)— For- 
ward, uncivil. 

"Ah  divn't  tak  tull  him,  lies  ower  bur- 

l.KY." 


Burn :   see  Beck. 

Burn  t'  Beck,  g. — A  poacher  who 
fails  to  catdh  fish  in  a  legitimate 
way,  and  who  is  determined  to  get 
them  somehow,  is  said  to  burn  the 
beck.     To  catch  no  fish. 

An  unsuccessful  fisher  is  said  to  have 
"  fired  the  watter.'' 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Mr spoke  of  the  poor  season  and 

described  his  having  burned  the  beck 
at  Armathwaite ;  he  did  not  catch  a  single 
fish.       C.  Patr.    1894,  Feb.  16.    p.  7,  col.  & 

Burn  the  fingers,  g.     Burn  his 
mooth — To   be   over-reached,  to 
fail  in  some  undertaking. 
"  Ha'  nowt  teh  deuh  wi'  that  job,  or  the'll 

BURN  THEH   FINGERS." 

They  said  of  .   .  a  meddlesome  person  in 

trouble,  "  He's  gitten  his  fingers  brunt." 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Burn  t'  picter,  G. — An  exclamation 
of  annoyance  or  ridicule. 

Wey,  burn  t'  picter  o'  theh  Jim,  fer  a 
girt  clot-heid.  Scoap.    p.  68,  line  17. 

Burny  wind,  n.  (buor'N.i  wind)  — 
The  blacksmith. 

"  It  all  comes  of  that  waistrel  Mister  Burn- 
the-wind,"  he  said,  meaning  to  indicate 
the  blacksmith. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  99,  line  7. 

Bur  thistle,  g.  (buor'  this.U'l) — 
Spear  Plume  thistle — Ctticus  lanceo- 

1  at  us. 

Burtle,  nw. (buort.U'l)— To  do  any- 
thing awkwardly. 

Burtree  :   see  Bultree. 

Busk,  c.  (buosk).  Buss,  c,  ne.  (bus) 
— Bush.     Nearly  obsolete. 
A  bit  of  a  deed  whin  buss,  or  a  bundle 
o'  dry  thorns. 

C.  P.u'v.     ISItt,  May  4.     p.  6,  col.  1. 

Busk,  ec.  (buosk)— To  hurry,  bustle 
about.  P».  Om,    Nov.  tt 


49 


BUSS,  G.  (BUOS).      Busk,  N.  (Obsolesc.) 

To  (1)  kiss ;  to  (2)  dress,  decorate. 
He  deeghted  his  gob,  and  he  (1)  busst 
her.        Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  3. 

■  Ye're  weel  bussed  up  " — said  to  a  man 
who  had  a  "  button-hole  "  in  his  coat. 

A  tealeor  was  t'  easiest  set,  for  he  only- 
wanted  a  geuse  ...  an'  a  needle  or  two, 
an'  he  was  (2)  bussed. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  16.     p.  6,  col.  1. 
I  busk  me  wi'  a  careless  han'. 

Gilpin — Songs,    p.  297,  line  5. 

Bustard,  g.  not  s.w.  (buostthu'R'd) 
— Any  night-flying  moth — Koctuac. 
The  members  of  an  Entomological 
Society  are  nick-named  Bustards; 
an  artificial  bait  for  fish,  resembling 
a  moth.  See  Bull  —  and  Cuddy  b. 

But  and  ben,  n.  (but-U'N-ben) — 
The  outer  and  inner  rooms  of  the 
Border  farm  houses. 
"Wheyle  'bacco-reek  beath  but  an  ben, 
Had  full'd  leyke  a  kiln  logie. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  47. 

Butch,  g.  (buoch)— To  slaughter 
animals  for  food. 

He  took  her  to  the  slaughter-house  and 
butched  her. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Jan.  18.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Butcher-meat,  g.  —  Food  supplied 
by  the  butcher  (beef  and  mutton) 
as  distinct  from  that  obtained  from 
the  grocer  and  others.    See  Meat. 

Butt,  ec,  sw.  (buot)— A  hide  of  sole 
leather.     Also,  Ben  (ellwood). 

Butter  and  eggs,  c.  (buotthjj'R'). 
Chopt  eggs. 

The  yellow  Toadflax— Linaria  vul- 
garis. 

Butter-brass,  g. — Money  obtained 
by  the  sale  of  butter ;  this  is  gene- 
rally retained  by  the  farmer's  wife 
as  pin-money. 

She's  thrimlin'  for  her  butter-brass. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  21,  line  7. 
E 


Butter  finger't,  g.  (fing.U'Rt)  — 
One  who  allows  anything  to  drop 
out  of  his  hands,  when  it  should 
be  retained,  is  butter  finger't. 

Butter  kits,  g.  not  n  —  Square  boxes 
used  for  conveying  butter  to  market 
in  a  wallet  on  horse-back.     Obs. 
Now  joggan  to  market  on  butter-kits  two, 
And  basket  wi'  garn  and  eggs. 

Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  1. 

Butter   leaves,  g.     B.   dockin — 

The  leaves  of  the  Mountain  Dock — 
Rumex  alpi mm,  used  for  packing 
pounds  of  butter  in  the  market- 
basket. 

Butter  shag  :   see  Shag. 

Butter  sleat,  g .— A  slab  of  slate  on 
which  butter  stands  in  the  dairy, 
so  as  to  keep  cool  and  firm. 

Butter  sops,  c,  N.,  EC— Wheat  or 
oat  bread  steeped  in  ale,  melted 
butter  and  sugar,  worked  into  a 
solid  mass  and  eaten  with  a  spoon  ; 
without  the  ale,  called  Buttered 
crumbs  in  Allonby  (J.  Ar.). 

Nor  were  butter  sops  missing.  Kind 
friends  had  made  a  good  supply  of  this 
old-fashioned  dish. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Sept.  8.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Buttin,  ec.  (buot.in). 

A  shaf  set  up  ta  dry  i'yans,  nut  i'  stooks. 
Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

Buttock,  g.  (buod.ik)— A  term  in 
wrestling.  When  performing  this 
act,  the  body  is  twisted  sideways 
so  as  to  get  the  hips  under  the 
opponent's  belly,  then  by  a  strong 
pull  of  the  arms,  he  is  pulled  on  to, 
and  kept  on  the  buttock;  then  a 
sudden  twist  to  the  right  (left) 
hoists  him  off  the  ground,  when 
the  fall  may  then  be  accomplished. 
This  is  a  most  difficult  movement 
to  check.  See  Cross-buttock. 
Here's  a  parlish  good  pleaace  foraswingin 
hipe,  or  a  good  buttick.  Scoap.  p.  21,  line  20. 


50 


— E. — To  perform  the  manoeuvre  de- 
scribed above. 

Ah  just  click't  em  be  t'  scuff  eh  t'  neck, 
turnt  me-sel  en,  buttickt  em,  en  gaart  em 
throa  a  summerset.      Scoap.    p.  82,  line  7. 

He  was  considerably  amazed  when  the 
latter  buttocked  him,  and  left  him  sitting 
in  the  roadway.    W.C.T.X.  1893.  p.  3, col. 2. 

Button  gurse.  Button  twitch,  E., 
EC.  Hawer  gurse.  Black  tw. 
Tall  oat  grass — ArrheHatherupi  aven- 
aceum.  Button  t.  is  so  called  because 
of  the  bulbs  at  its  roots.  See 
Twitch,  white. 

Butts,  G.  (buots).  Gairs,  nw, 
(gaer'z) — The  short  ridges  which 
are  formed  by  ploughing  across 
the  narrower  end  of  a  field  whose 
sides  are  not  parallel,  are  called 

BUTTS   Or   GAIRS.        J.H. 

Butt  welt,  g.  (buot-welt) — To  turn 
the  butts  of  sheaves  to  the  wind 
to  dry. 

Butty, g.  (buotj)— Bulky  at  the  butt 
or  lower  end,  'like  oald  Bennett 
wife.' 

Buzzerd,  g.  (buoz.U'Rt)— A  coward, 
timid  person,  one  who  is  afraid  in 
the  dark. 

Tho'  Tom  a  buzzard  was  at  heame 
Was  not  at  every  pleace  the  seame. 
Smith— Stagg's  Tom  Knot,  p.  180,  line  10. 

Bwode,   g.  (bwaud;  baud)  —  An 
offer,  or  bid. 
Thou'll  have  war  bodes  ere  Belton. 

Proverb. 

Bword-claith,  G.  (bwaur'D-cliaa- 
th)— Table-cloth. 
Jobby  aye  liked  them  lile  blue  flowers  ; 
sae  he  sail  hae  them  for  his  boord  claith 
(said  of  having  flowers  on  a  grave). 
Linton — Lizzie  Lorton.   III.   p.  169,  line  5. 

Bworn  days,  g.  (bwaur'N-daes) — 
"In   o'  my  bworn-days" — in  the 
whole  course  of  my  life. 
Ah  niver  clappt  een  on  that  fella  iv  me 
bworn  days.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  11. 


By,  g.  (baai  ;  baei) — Finished,  past. 
On   one   side,    out   of    the   way. 
Lonely,  out-of-the-way. 
For,  lo,  the  winter  is  bye,  the  rain  is  ower 
an'  geane  Rayson— Song  of  Solomon.  II.  11. 

It  slipt  away  by  and  left  us. 
Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  126,  line  8. 

It's  a  bye  auld  dowly  hoose. 

Pen.  Obs.    Nov.  23. 

— A   common    termination   of    the 
names  of  villages,  and  indicates  a 
Scandinavian  origin. 
We've  HarraBY,  we've  TarraBY, 

An  WigganBY  beseyde  ; 
We've  OuterBY,  an'  SouterBY, 
An  bys  beath  far  an  weyde. 
Anderson — Thuirsby  Witch.    Stz.  1. 

Byar  law,  c,  nw.  (baai.U'R'-lau)— 
A  custom  or  law  established  in  a 
township  or  village. 

By-blow,  G.  (blau)— A  bastard. 

By-neam,  g. — A  nickname. 

It's  t'  sleatts  ye  kna  et  gev  that  bye- 

NEAMM  to  t'  Spot. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  5. 

By-past,  g.— Past  and  over. 

It  brings  that  that's  by-past  and  sets  it 
down  here.  Blamire — Auld  Robin.  Stz.l. 

By-pleas,  g.  (baai-pliaas).     By- 
spot,  c,  EC. — A  lonely  spot. 
I  could  ha'  yoolt  reet  out  if  I'd  nobbut 
been  in  some  bye-pleace  by  mysel'. 

Dickinson,    p.  208,  line  5. 

T  hoose-keepers  in  bye-spots  didn't  hoaf 
like  a  lot  to  caw  at  their  door. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Byre,  g.  (baaiur)— Cow-house. 

She  could  muck  out  byres. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Dec.  14.    p.  3,  COL  S 

Bysen,  ne.  (baais.U'n;  baei.su'n) — 
Ugly  or  ill-made ;  shameful.     Only 
heard  as  "  a  sham  an'  a  bysen." 
Now  to  see  her  whol'd  stockins,  her  brat 

an  her  gown — 
She's  a  shem  an  a  bysen  to  aw  the  healt 

town.  Anderson— Calep  Crosby.  Stz.  3. 


51 


By-set,  c,nw.,k  —  Something  put 
on  one  side  until  it  may  be  re- 
quired. 

Bysful,  g.  (ba.ai.sfux)— Full  of  vice 
or  mischief. 

Byspel,  g.(baai.spel) — A  mischiev- 
ous rather  than  vicious  person  or 
child,    (nc.)  An  object  of  ridicule, 
a  "  guy  "  (J.  Ar.). 
She's  meade  a  fair  byspel  of  hersel.  J.  Ar. 

It's  a  fair  byspel  'at  is't.    It  breaks  o'  'at 
cums  iv  it'  geat.  Gibson,    p.  169. 

By-spot :   see  By-pleas. 

By- wipe,  c,  ec,  Ns.  (waaip)  — An 
insinuation. 

I  mak  no  doobt  he  thowt  it  was  a  by- 
wipe.  Son  of  Hagae.    p.  2,  line  8. 


C 


C — Words  commencing  with  c  as 
cook,  cool,  cake  and  cud,  will  be 
found  under  K,  when  the  pronun- 
ciation requires  the  introduction 
of  the  sound  of  e,  thus :  keuk, 
keul,  keak  and  keud. 

Caa :   see  Co'. 

Caakers  :   see  Cokers. 

Canch  (kaan.sh) — The  thickness 
of  stone  to  be  lifted  or  to  be 
brought  down  for  the  heighten- 
ing of  an  underground  road  in  a 
coal  pit,  or  for  the  improvement 
of  the  gradient,     r.w.m. 

Caaw,  b.,  e.  (kaaoo) — To  walk  with 
the  toes  turned  inward. 

Cabbish,  c.  (kaab.ish) —  To  crib, 
pilfer,  purloin.     A  plagiarist  cab- 

BISHES. 

"  He's  cabbish't  it  oot  o'  some  beuk." 

J.N.D. 
E2 


Cabbish  runt,  c,  N.  C.  scrunt,  c, 
EL,  nw,  sw.  (kaab.ish).  Castick, 
ne.,  nw.  (kaas.tik).  Keal  runt, 
n. — Cabbage  stalk,  and  (ne.)  the 
inside  of  it. 

He's  nit  sae  green  as  he's  cabbish  leyke. 

Saying-. 

Cabbish-skrunt  pultess  is  grand  for  biles. 
Gibson,    p.  169. 

It  wad  growe  owder  throo  a  cabbish 
runt,  or  a  reed  rock  tatie. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  130,  line  6. 

Cack,  g.  (kaak)  —  A  child's  word 
for  voiding  excrement. 
Two  herds  between  them  cost  a  cow  : 
Driving  her  hame,  the  needful  Hacky, 
But  ceremony  chanc'd  to  k  .   .   . 

The  Daft  Bargain,    line  2. 

Cad,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (kaad) — To  mat  or 
felt  together. 

"  Her  hair  was  caddit  till  it  cud  niver  be 
cwom't  mair." 

Cadge,  g.  (kaaj)— To  beg;  to  sup- 
ply one's  self  at  another's  expense. 
It  wad  rayder  hev  gitten  its  dinner  oot  ov 
ennyboddy's  tub  nor  its  maister's.  It  was 
a  rare  swine  for  Willy,  for  it  cadg't  varra 
nar  aw  its  meat 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  1S6,  line  4. 

He  was  a  varra  imposin'  figger  when  yan 
gat  a  glimpse  o'  him  stannin'  cadgin'  be- 
foor  somebody's  dooar. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  7,  col.  3. 

Cadger,  g.  (kaaj.U'r)  —  A  retailer 
of  small  wares,  having  a  cart, 
(a,  N.,  sw.)  A  biscuit  made  of  flour 
and  water,  baked  as  "  hard  as 
hard."     Obs. 

My  plain  spoken  hostess  knew  the  flsh- 
cadger's  meaning. 

Cumbriana.    p.  69,  line  1. 

Caingy,  c,  e.,  n.  (kae.nji)  —  Cross- 
grained,  ill-tempered. 
"  A  kangy  oald  man." 
Yet  ne'er  a  kangy  answer  Roger  gave. 
Gilpin — Poetry.  Death  of  Roger,  p.  206. 


52 


Cakes,  g. — Of  these  there  is  a  great 
variety,  and  they  may  be  classed 
under  two  headings ;  those  made 
on  the  girdle,  and  those  baked  in 
the  oven.  The  first  are  generally 
prepared  when  required  suddenly, 
as  when  a  friend  comes  unexpect- 
edly to  tea,  and  the  coarser  cake 
for  the  labourer  is  also  a  girdle 
cake ;  the  second  class  of  cake 
(Pasty,  sw.  (paas.ti)  )  consists  of 
two  layers  of  pastry  of  a  varying 
quality,  between  which  is  placed 
apples,  gooseberries  etc.,  and  baked 
in  the  oven ;  such  are  eaten  on 
state  occasions,  Sundays  etc.  See 
under  their  special  names. 

Cakum,  b.  (kaak.U'm) — A  foolish, 
weak-minded  person. 

Calavine,  N.,  nw.  (kaal.avaain)— 
Black-lead  pencil. 
Killow  or  collow  was  a  word  formerly 
used  in  Cumberland  for  black-lead. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  19. 

Caleever,  c,  e.,  n.  (kaalee.vu'r) — 
An  energetic  and  ungraceful  action. 
My  feet  then  carr't  me  without  perswadin, 
in  a  calleevir  owr  fwok. 

Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,   p.  129,  line  6. 

— To  make  a  riot ;  to  run  about  heed- 
lessly. 

Wi'  rackle  scampers  we  kelever'd  round. 
Gilpin — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger. 

p.  205,  line  1. 

Call:  see  Co'. 

Caller,  n., e., ec. (kaal.ur')— Fresh, 
cool. 

Ay,  ay  thur  drops  may  cuil  my  outside 

heat ; 
Thur  callar  blasts  may  wear  the  boilen 

sweat :  Relph — Harvest,    line  7. 

Cammarel,  G.  (kaam.U'RU'l)— The 
heel  or  hock-joint  of  animals ;  a 
wooden  stretcher  used  for  sus- 
pending carcases  by  the  hocks  : 
gambrel. 


Camperdown. — A  very  thin  all- 
cotton,  blue  and  white  check  in 
lengths  of  24  yards,  formerly  made 
in  Cockermouth  and  Carlisle  and 
shipped  largely  from  Carlisle  to 
Camperdown  on  the  West  coast 
of  Africa.  Sometimes  they  found 
their  way  to  Chili  and  Peru,  and 
then  were  called  Chiliors.  The 
weavers  shortened  the  name  to 
Campers.     J.B.s. 

Campers,  G.  (kaamp.u'R'z).  Mug- 
gers, nc. — Persons  who  sleep  in 
tents  or  camps,  vagrants. 

Cample,  c,  sw.,  e.,  ec.  (kaamp.ux) 

— To  reply  pertly  to  a  superior. 

With  prep,  with  ;  to  argue  with. 

Hoo  dar  ta  cample  wi'  t'  gaffer  like  that  ? 

Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Dec.  7. 

Camplin,  c.  ec.  sw  (kaamp.lun) 

Contradiction;  impertinent  reply. 

I'll  hev  nin  o'  thi  camplin',  seea  thoo  knows. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Dec.  7. 

Camps,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (kaamps). 
Kemps,  c,  sw. — Hairs  growing 
among  wool. 

Cams,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (kaams)— The 
top  stones  of  a  rubble  wall ;  they 
are  placed  on  end  so  as  to  prevent 
sheep  from  getting  over;  coping 
stones. 

T'  wo'ers  said  it  was  acos  they  hedn't  t' 
cams  on.  Pen.  Obs.    1897.    Nov.  30. 

Can,  g.  (ka an)— There  is  a  strange 
combination  in  use  with  the  verb 
can,  exemplified  in  the  following  : 
"He  won't  can  lend  you."  "I 
wadn't  could  see."  Sullivan,  p.  98. 
"  I'll  nut  can  gang  to-day" — I  am  unable 
to  go.      Dickinson. 

Canapshus,  nw.,  nc.  (ku'naa.- 
pshu'S ;  kunau.pshu's)— Contra- 
dictious, ill-tempered,  captious.  J.H. 

Canker,  g.  (kaank.U'r*) — Kust,  iron 
mould,  hence  ill-temper. 


53 


Canker't,  g.  (kaank.U'RT)— Rusted ; 
ill-tempered. 

"  It  '1  be  gittin'  on  for  fowerty  'ears"  broke 
in  Josh  gittin'  a  bit  cankered,  an'  givin' 
Jwohn  a  bit  of  a  crabbed  leuck. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  12,  col.  2. 

Canker't  watter,  w.,  sw.,  nc.— 
Drainage  water  of  a  red  or  yel- 
lowish red  colour,  running  from 
peaty  or  sandy  land  containing 
iron ;  it  fouls  all  drains  and  outlets. 
Canker  is  not  found  in  all  drainage 
waters,  and  it  is  reputed  to  be  a 
sign  of  underlying  coal,  or  of  iron 
in  some  form. 

Cannel-bark,  g.  (kaan.U'l) — A 
small  box  formerly  made  of  bark, 
but  now  of  tin  or  wood,  in  which 
candles  were  stored. 

Cannel-leet,  g. — Candle  light. 

"  When  harrows  begin  to  hop,  cannel- 
leet  mun  stop." 
"  Efter  oald  Cannelmas  neet,  keuks  find 

CANNEL  LEET."        OLD   SAYINGS. 

Cannel-seeves,  g.(seevz)—  Hushes 
used  for  candle-wicks.  See  Seeves. 

Cannily,  g.  (kaanjli).     Cormily, 
c,  nw,  sw.  (kaunjli)— Prettily, 
decently,  carefully,  easily. 
I's  gan  to  eddle  me  five  shillin'  middlin' 

CANNILY. 

Gibson  — Joe  and  the  Geologist,  p.  2,  line  8. 
They  gev  him  a  seut  ov  dry  cleas  .  .  ,  an' 
set  him  an'  his  meear  kannily  off. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  58,  line  12. 

Canny,  g.  (kaan.i).  Conny,  c,  sw. 
(kaun.i) — Comely,  nice,  suitable, 
gentle,  cautious,  sparing,  consider- 
able. 

"  Be  canny,"  or  cautious. 

"  Be  canny  wi'  the  cream,"  a  legend  seen 

on  cream  jugs. 

An'  offen  I  said  i'  my  oan  canny  way, 

"  Will  te  like  me  a  lal  bit  ?  " 

Gibson — Lal  Dinah,    p.  32,  line  15. 
A  conny  lile  bit  farm  was  theirs. 
Gibson — Skulls  of  Calgarth.   p.  281,  line  3. 


I'se  black-a-vize't,  bit  canny,  as  Kedar's 
tents. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   I.   v.  5. 

Says  I,  "  Here's  a  canny  wet  day  !  " 

Anderson — Sally  Gray.    Stz.  4. 

I  forgit  how  many  hundert  tons  a-week 
they  sent  off  .  .  .  It  was  a  conny  lock,  I 
knaa.  Forness  Folk.    p.  39,  line  1. 

— A  term  of  praise  or  encouragement. 
"  Canny  Bob  !  lig  at  him  till  he  giz  in." 

Canny  bit,  g. — An  uncertain  term 
of  comparison  :  as  a  canny  bit  bet- 
ter ;  a  canny  bit  warse. 

Cant,   G.  (kaant) — An  inclination 
from  the  horizontal  line. 
"  Gie  it  a  wee  bit  cant  tudder  side." 

— To  overturn,  to  lean  to  one  side. 

Cantle. — Obs.  A  share,  division  or 
part.     J.  Ar. 

Cantrips,  ne.,  EC,  b.  (kaan.trips) 
— Unearthly  deeds,  magic  spell. 
(nw.)  A  rollicking  fellow  (h.t.). 

Robert  Huntington,  of  East  Curthwaite, 
was  very  fond  of  observing  natural  phe- 
nomena. In  1716,  when  the  aurora  bore- 
alis  was  more  brilliant  than  usual,  he  used 
to  watch  and  admire  it :  hence  he  got  the 
repute  of  being  '  uncanny.'  Walking  out 
one  summer  evening,  one  of  his  neigh- 
bours, who  had  just  finished  cocking  a 
field  of  hay,  said  to  him — "  Come,  Robin, 
show  us  yen  o'  thy  cantrips.  Aa  divn't 
care  for  tha,  God's  abeunn  the  deeval." 
Just  then  a  whirlwind  arose  (as  is  fre- 
quent in  certain  electric  states  of  the 
atmosphere)  and  overturned  nearly  every 
cock  in  the  field.  No  more  cantrips  were 
asked  for  ! 

Canty,  g.  not  e.  (kaan.ti) — Merry, 
lively,  cheerful ;  merrily. 
He's  aye  sae  canty,  ye  wad  swear 
That  he  had  goud  and  siller  plenty. 

Blamire — Auld  Carl.    Stz.  6. 

At  darknin'  canty  heam  they  turn. 

Stagg — Auld  L.  Seyne.    Stz.  18. 


54 


Cap,  G.  (kaap)  —  A  cloud  on  the   j 
mountain  top — a  weather  presage.   , 
When  Criffel  gets  a  cap 
Skiddaw  wots  well  of  that.      Saying. 

Helvellyn  grummelin'  sed, "  Hoo  coald  it's 

grown ; 
My  winter  cap  I'll  don." 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  12,  line  4.    I 

— To  overcome,  to  puzzle,  excel.    To 
cap  corn  is  to  put  better  dressed 
grain  at  the  top  of  the  sack. 
He  fairly  cap't  me  noo.     I  dudn't  ken 
what  to  mak  o'  sec  a  customer. 
Gibson — Joe  and  the  Geologist,  p.  2,  line  21. 

It  caps  me  if  a  lock  o'  them  wiseacres 
dussent  finnd  oot  what's  what. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  62,  line  4. 

An'  cap't  the  priest,  maister,  exciseman 
an'  aw.      Anderson — Kitt  CrafTet.  Stz.  3. 

Cap  cut-lugs,  g. — Anything  unex- 
pectedly puzzling  or  droll  is  said 
to"  cap  cut-lugs." 
Ye  say  ye  dunnet  ken  oor  Joe  ? 
WTy,  that  caps  t'  cutlugs,  teu : 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  54,  line  11. 

Caper,  g.  (kae.pu  R') — Amusement. 

He  wad  hev  his  caper,  nor  car'd  how  it 
com.        Anderson — Tom  Linton.  Stz.  1. 

Caper  corner -way,  c,  sw.  (kae. 
pu'R'-kau.r'nu'R'-wae.)  —  Diagon- 
ally. 

He  tried  his  hand  at  bildin',  hut  t'  steans 
wur  o'  caper-corner  way.      S.D.B. 

Capes,  c,  n.  Keaps,  e.,  nw.,  sw. 
(kiaaps).  Keps,  c.  (keps) — Light 
grains  of  wheat  with  the  husks  on. 

Capper,  g.  (kaap.u'R'),  and  Caps. 
— Something  difficult,  surprising 
or  puzzling ;  one  who  excels. 

"  Aa'l  set  thee  thy  Cappers." 

Hoo  he's  gitten  up  yonder's  a  capper. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  35,  line  4. 

Then  at  dancin',  0  he  was  a  capper  ! 
He'd  shuttle  an'  lowp  till  he  swet ; 
Anderson — Leyle  Steebem.    Stz.  1. 


Cappin,  g.  (kaap.in) — A  patch  of 

leather  on  a  clog  or  shoe. 

As  threshin'  time's  here,  we  fit  up  a  flail, 

Wi'  handstaff,  and  soople'  and  cappin  , 

Cumbriana.    p.  253,  line  9. 

Capstean,  c,  e.,  nw. — Coping  stone. 

Captain. — The  manager  of  the  lead 

mines  in  the  Caldbeck  district  is 

always,  and  has  been  from  time 

immemorial,  been  entitled  captain. 

(Rev.  F.  W.  Simpson,  Caldbeclc) 

Cardin',  g.  not  n.  (kaa.R'dun). 
Cairdin',  N.  (kae.R'DU'n)— Card- 
playing. 

An'  Job,  when  met  at  Cursmess  cairdins, 
Few  durst  laik  wi'  thee  an'  me. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz.  5. 

Care,  g.(kaer)— (With  a  negative) 
To  make  no  objection. 

I'se  not  carin'— they're  not  mine. 

W.C.T.X.    1896.    p.  1,  col.  2. 

Car-end-bwoard,  g.  (kaar'  end 
f/waur'd).  Coop-bwoard,  c,  e. 
(koop  bwatjrd).  Car  heck,  c, 
sw.(hek).  Car  scut,  sw.(skuot.). 
Heck  bwoard,  c,  sw.,  n.  Arse- 
beurd,  c,  k,  nw.  (aa.R'S  biuord) 
— The  board  closing  the  hinder 
end  of  a  cart. 

Stannin  iv  his  feet  in  an  upendit  car  wid 
his  back  frozen  hard  and  fast  tull  t'  car 
boddom,  an'  his  clogs  tull  t'  coop-bword. 
Scoap.    p.  156,  line  25. 

Mr.  Carter  lowset  t'  end  burd,  an'  landit 
Betty's  fower-pund-ten-ers  on  t'  peave- 
ment.  W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  15,  «  -1.  4. 

Carkin',  g.  (kaa.rkun)  —  Weary- 
ing, tiresome. 

Away  fra  business  carkin'  cares. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  103,  line  9. 

Carkist,  g.(kaar-kist)— The  body 
of  a  cart. 

Ah've  seen  a  CAB-DOT  full  (ef  lish)  teane 
at  a  single  time; 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  7.    p.  C,  COL  1. 


55 


Carl,  0.,  N.  (kaar'l) — A  coarse  un- 
mannerly felloAv  ;  a  countryman. 

Wild  Lantie  was  a  canker't  carl, 
A  canker't  carl  was  he. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  50,  line  1. 

The  noise  o'  boxers  an'  o'  bulls, 

0'  drums  an'  dibblers  jinglin', 
0'  cauves  an'  carles  wi'  clatter'd  skulls. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  19. 

Carl  cat.  — A  male  cat,  a  master  cat. 

Carlin  hemp,  g.  (kaa.R'lln-emp) — 

IThe  coarsest  of  hemp. 
A  carlin  sark,  new,  was  rumplement  gear, 
To  wear  next  a  maisterman's  skin. 
Cumbrian  a.    p.  237,  line  9. 

Carlins,  g.  (kaa.R'LLNz).     Carlin', 

pez,  k,  nw,  sw.  (paez) — G-rey 
peas  softened  in  water,  and  fried 
in  butter,  and  eaten  on  the  Sun- 
day next  before  Palm  Sunday. 

Tid,  mid,  miseray, 

Carlin,  Palm,  Pace  egg  day.     Old  Rhyme. 

Whether  it  was  the  thowts  o'  other  days» 
or  it  was  the  smell  o'  rum  an'  fried  car" 
lin's,  I'se  nut  yable  to  say. 

Fireside  Crack,    p.  16,  line  5. 

Carlings  being  memorials  of  Christ's  suf- 
ferings. Ferguson,    p.  207# 

Carlin'  Sunday. — The  second  Sun- 
day before  Easter,  and  on  that 
day  each  Innkeeper  provides  Car- 
lins for  his  customers.  It  was 
formerly  called  care  Sunday  (Fer- 
guson,   p.  207). 

Carlin'  Sunday  hed  com,  an'  wud  it  com' 
Symie  back  to  his  oald  haunt. 

Fireside  Crack,    p.  16,  line  6 

Carr,  c,  e.,  sw.  (kaar') — A  rather 
extensive  hollow  place  where 
water  stands  in  winter ;  as  Bray- 
ton  Carr,  Eller  Carr,  Kirkland  Carr. 
Small  hollow  cup-shaped  fields,  sur- 
rounded by  alders  or  ellers,  were 
called  eller  carrs  ;  DOU-cars  is  a  very 
usual  appellation  of  fields  so  shaped 

(EllWood). 


Car-rack  :   see  Rack. 

Carrier  sark  :   see  Top  sark. 

Carry,  g.  (kaaru.) — The  movement 
or  direction  of  the  cloud  ;  the  dis- 
tance which  anything  has  to  be 
conveyed. 

"it'll  be  fair  to-day  because  t'  carry's  i' 
t'  west." 

— To  drive,  convey  ;  a  farmer  will 
carry  his  wheat  to  the  market,  but 
it  will  not  be  on  his  back,  but  in 
a  cart. 

"He  carry't  his  yowes  to  sell  and  hed 
them  to  carry  back  agean." 

I  carried  our  whye  to  the  bull. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  11. 

Carryin's  on,  g.  (kaarmu'nz-aun). 
Carry  on,  e.  —  Behaviour,  con- 
duct generally  not  of  the  better 
kind. 

Sec  carryings  on  bring  nowt  bit  sham 
Te  meny  a  whiet  mensefu'  yam.      S.D.B. 

Afoor  Ah  tell  the'  o'  t'  blue-burd's  carry- 
ans  on.      W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

Carry  on,  g. — To  be  playful,  romp- 
ish ;  to  behave  unseemly ;  to  con- 
tinue. 

It  wad  be  as  weel  for  sum  on  us  if  ye 
wad  bide  theear,  if  ye  mean  to  carry  on 
i'  t'  way  ye're  shappin'. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  8,  line  23. 

They  mun  hev  hard  us  carryin'  on,  an' 
they  mean  ta  smudder  us. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

Carry  on,  min  ! — carry  on  ! 

Richardson,  2nd.    p,  80,  line  6. 

Carry  on  the  war,  c,  e.,  nw. — To 
continue  the  fun. 

I- should  have  thowt  as  thou'd  have  been 
in  the  thick  of  tha  thrang,  Mercy,  carry- 
in'  ON  THE  WAR. 

Son  of  Hagar.    p.  40,  line  3. 


56 


Carry  the  rig,  g. — A  young  person 
is  said  to  "  carry  his  rig,"  when 
he  or  she  can  for  the  first  time 
shear  a  rig  in  the  harvest  field 
without  help. 

She  could  yark  away  amang  t'  turmets, 
an'  carry  her  Rio  in  t'  harvest  field  wid 
t'  best  o'  them. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  11,  col.  1. 

It  was  a  common  question  when  hiring  a 
person  in  Carlisle  in  those  days  to  say 
"can  ta  carry  thy  rig?"      J.H. 

Car-s  tangs,  g.  (kaar'-staangs). 
Car  limmers,  n.,  e.  (lim.ur'Z). 
Leemers,  sw.  (leeu.murz)  — 
Cart  shafts. 

The  stangs  of  a  muck-cart  or  peat  sledge. 
Gibson — Oxenfell.    p.  91,  line  14. 

Case  bait,  a,  b.,  nc.  (kaes-baeut). 
Codbait,  Cs.,  w.  (kaud-baet)— 
The  caddis  fly  in  the  pupa  state — 
Trichoptera,  a  good  bait  for  fish. 

Cash,   c.  (kaash)  —  Friable   shale 
lying    between   the   top   of    the 
coal  seam  and  the  roof. 
"  A  varra  cashy  reuf." 

Casly,  g.  not  e.  (kaas.U'li)  —  Peg 
top. 
Ooar  brain  is  reelin'  like  a  casselly. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  29,  line  2. 

Cassen :  see  Kessen. 

Casion,  wc,  BE,  (kae.zhitn) — To 
make  a  request. 

We  casioned  him  fer  some  looance. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  5. 

Castick  :   see  Cabbish  runt. 

Cat,  g.  (kaat)  —  An  implement 
having  six  legs  projecting  from  a 
central  ball.  It  is  so  called  from 
the  impossibility  of  its  being  up- 
set. Used  to  support  the  plate  of 
toast  before  a  fire. 

Cat,  Catty  :  see  Buck- stick. 

Cat-berry  :  see  Berry. 


Catchy,  g.  (kaachj)  —  Capricious. 
"  Catchy  weather,"  as  when  it  is 
necessary  to  secure  the  crops  in 
small  quantities  as  they  become 
dry  between  the  showers. 

Cat  collop,  g.  (kaul.ut)  —  The 
spleen. 

Cat  eyes.  Bonny  bur d  ee.  Poor- 
man's  tea. — Germander  Speed- 
well —  Veronica  chamccdvys.  See 
Bonny  burd. 

Catfish,   nw.  —  Butterfish—  Centro- 

notus  gunellvs.     Fauna,    p.  481. 

Cat  gallows,  g. — (gaal.us) — Two 
sticks  set  upright  with  one  across 
horizontally  between  them  ;  used 
by  boys  to  leap  over. 
Weightman  proved  himself  to  be  a  clever 
leaper,  either  at  long  length  or  running 
leap — cat  gallows. 

Wrestling,    p.  187,  line  17. 

Cat  geat,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (giaat) — A 
narrow  space  separating  the  build- 
ings of  adjoining  owners  ;  a  space 
left  around  a  corn  mow  in  a  barn. 

Cat  haw  :  see  Haw. 

Cat-lap,  G. — A  contemptuous  term 
for  tea,  coffee  or  any  non-intoxi- 
cating drink.     J.  ar. 

Catloal :  see  Cock  o'  th'  north. 

Cat  lowp,  g.  (lauwp)— A  short  dis- 
tance. 

Hed'nt  gitten  abeunn  a  cat-lowp  away 
fra  us.  Scoap.    p.  214,  line  26. 

Cat  mallison,  c,  e.  (maal.isun) — 
A  cupboard  so  placed  that  cats 
cannot  rob  it ;  (nw.)  a  dog  given 
to  worrying  cats. 
It  was  on  one  side  of  the  fire-place,  and 
had  crooks  and  means  for  drying  meat. 
In  the  room  above  the  cat-malison  pro- 
jected upwards  for  a  good  space,  nearly 
a  yard.      E.D.D. 

Cat -o'- nine -tails  :  see  Twitch- 
bell. 


57 


Cats,  ne.,  e.  (kaats)-— Balls  of  fuel 
formed  of  small  or  "  craw  "-coal 
kneaded  up  with  clay. 
The  red  glow  of  the  burning  cats. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  83,  line  3. 

Cat  saddle,  b.,  sw.,  nw.— This  and 
the  following  are  forms  in  which 
boys  arrange  their  fingers  in  the 
game  of  "  Cat's  cradle  " — Castle  ; 
Dog-saddle  ;  Two  men  haggan  a 
tree  and  laal  Jack  gedderan  speals 
(chips)  ;  Priest  in  his  pulpit. 

Cat  scope,  c,  w.  (kaat.skaup). 
Cat's  heads,  e.  Kettle  harse, 
W. — Ironstone  nodules  occurring 
in  shale  and  fireclay  strata  (R.W.M.). 
Found  in  the  roof  of  mines  and. 
very  dangerous  (l.a.). 

Catskip  :  see  Lowp. 

Cat  snifter,  a  (snif.tthu'R')  —  A 
very  short  space  of  time. 
He  gat  on  til  t'  rwoad  in  a  cupple  o'  cat- 
snifters.  W.C.T.X.   1894.    p.  7,  col.  1. 

Cat's  paw,  c. — Mountain  Cud-weed 
— Ant  urinaria  dioica  ;  a  plant  com- 
mon about  the  base  of  our  fells 

(W.H.). 

Cat's  poddish,  sw.  —  Bird's  foot 
Trefoil — Lotus  corniculatus.    (E.D.D.). 

Cat's  posy  :   see  Bennert. 

Cat  swallow — Sandwich  Tern  — 
Sterna  cantiaca.     Fauna. 

Cat  tails,  g.  (taels).  Cat  locks, 
C. — The  Cotton-grass— Eriophorum 
vaginatum ;  the  early  blossoms  are 
called  Mosscrops,  which  see. 

Cat-talk,  c.  (tauk).  Cat  latin, 
wc.  (laat.U'n)  —  Idle  conversa- 
tion ;  small  talk. 

"  They  talk't  nought  bit  a  heap  o'  cat- 
talk." 

Cattle  geat :  see  Geat. 
Catty :   see  Shinny. 


Cat  under  lug,  a — The  sweep  of 
a  flail  over  the  left  instead  of  the 
right  side,  given  by  a  learner  or 
one  not  proficient  in  threshing. 
Bits  a  barns  er  larnan  ta  threysh,  an'  will 
threysh  cat  under  lug.      E.D.D. 

Cat  whin,  c,  ec,  nw.  (kaat  win) 
— Dwarf  Furze, — TJlex  nanus  (guiti) ; 
sometimes,  Petty  whin  —  Genista 
anglica. 

Jim  sent  off  for  some  little  cat  whins  off 
t'  railway  sloup. 

W.C.T.H.    1894,    p.  3,  col.  4 

Cat-wittit,  g.  (kaat  wit.it) — Silly 
and  conceited.     Mentally  weak. 
The  furst  young  cuif  I  ever  gat, 

Was  when  we  went  to  schuil ; 
I  meynd  his  buckles,  three  cock'd  hat, 
A  peer  cat-witted  fuil. 
Anderson — Nathan  an'  Winny.    Stz.  3. 

Cavel,  g.  (kaav.tj'l).  Cabel,  c. 
Keaval,  e.  (kiaav.U'l) — Lots  are 
drawn  amongst  the  hewers  every 
quarter  for  all  the  working  places 
in  the  colliery,  and  in  these  places 
the  hewers  work  during  the  en- 
suing three  months  ;  such  a  lot  is 
a  Cavel.  r.w.m.  In  the  lead  mines 
at  Alston  the  bargain  or  Cavil 
made  between  the  agent  and  a 
gang  of  two  or  four  men  refers 
rather  to  the  payment  made  for 
the  fathoms  worked,  or  to  the 
quantity  of  ore  brought  to  the  sur- 
face.     W.A.R. 

He  has  been  lucky  in  getting  into  a  good 
cavell.      W.C.T.  1899,  Jan.  18.  p.  3,  col.  3. 

Cawk,  e.(kauk)— Barytes,  or  barium 
sulphate. 

In  great  abundance  at  Aldstonmoor,  where 
it  is  called  cawk  ;  as  also  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Keswick. 

Hutchinson.    I.    App.  45. 

Cawk  not  so  much  used  now.   W.A.R. 

Caww't,  g.  (kauwt)  —  Twisted  ; 
said  of  shoes  when  worn  down  on 
one  side. 


58 


Chafts,  g.  (chaafts)— Jaws. 

He  went  and  threatened  to  "crack  B — 's 
chafts"  if  he  again  annoyed  his  wife. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  Nov.  2.   p.  3,  col.  1. 

Chalks, G.  (chauks)— Marks.  "  Bet- 
ter by  chalks."  Wagers  are  some- 
times made  to  determine  who  can 
reach  farthest  or  highest,  and  there 
make  a  chalk  mark. 

Challenge,  g.(ch a al.unz;  chaan.- 
ulz) — To  claim  acquaintance  ;  to 
accost  a  person  in  case  of  doubtful 
identity. 
He  channels't  me,  a'  t'  market.       E.D.D. 

Chammerly :   see  Chemmerly. 

Champ,  g.  (chaamp) — To  bruise  or 
crush. 
"  He  champ't  his  thoom  in  a  yat  sneck." 

Ah  champt  oa  t'  fingers  ommeh,  an  peelt 
t'  bark  off  them  amang  t'  steaans  an 
gravel.  Scoap,  p.  220,  line  4. 

Chance  barn,  g.  (chaans.  baarn), 
and  Chance  —  An  illegitimate 
child.     See  Cum  by  chance, 

She*s  nae  mair  sins  til  her  back  than  a 
chance  bairn  or  twa. 

Lizzie  Lortc-n.    II.    p.  4,  line  4. 

Chancy :   see  Mischancy. 

Chang,  g.  (chaang)— The  cry  of  a 

pack  of  hounds;  uproar;  loud  talk. 

Than  a  whyat  laal  crack  for  about  hoaf  an 

hour, 

And  a  buzz — seun  to  rise  till  a  chang. 

Cumbriana.     p.  247,  line  8. 

Bit  lads  and  lasses  wont  to  meet, 

Wi'  merry  changs  their  teales  to  tell. 
Stagg — Poems,    p.  118. 

An'  a'  the  grove,  wi'  gladsome  chang, 
Their  joy  confest. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  17. 

— To   make  a  noise  which   is  not 
wholly  unmusical. 
I'  th'  meanteyme  the  fiddlers  changg'd  an 
play'.l.  Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 


Chanter  bone, a,  e.(chaantth.u'R'). 
Chunter-bone,  nw.  (chuntth. 
U'R') — The  extreme  point  of  the 
back-bone. 

My  feet  shot  oot  an  Ah  went  slap  on  ta 
mi  chanter  bian.      E.D.D. 

Chap't :   see  Hack't. 

Char,  c,  ec,  sw.  (chaar)— A  fish 
(Salmo  alpimis)  living  in  several  of 
the  Cumberland  waters.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  brought  to 
the  Cumberland  and  Westmorland 
lakes  by  the  Roman  settlers.  It  is 
a  handsome  little  fish  of  the  salmon 
tribe,  about  a  pound  weight,  and 
varying  from  nine  to  twelve  inches 
'in  length.  It  prefers  deep  lake 
water  of  uniform  coldness. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Aug.  21.    p.  4,  col.  5. 

Aw's  fish  'at  comes,  .  .  be'it  bass  or  char. 

Yance  a  Year.    p.  11,  Him  H. 

Charity,  c,  n.  (chaar'.uti)— Greek 
Valerian — Polcmonium  eoemleum. 

Charm,  g.(ch  A  ar'U'm)— Since  1850, 
James  Bunting,  of  Cockermouth, 
a  man  of  seventy,  charmed  a  scor- 
butic sore  on  a  carter  named  Tel- 
ford !  He  took  an  ashen  stick  and 
burnt  its  end,  and  with  it  drew  a 
circle  around  the  sore.  He  said 
something  to  himself  which  Telford 
did  not  understand,  "bit  it  dud 
nea  good."  The  charm  professed 
for  stopping  bleeding  could  only 
be  communicated  by  a  man  to  a 
woman,  or  vice-versa,  and  only  to 
one.  w.D.  Since  1880  a  middle- 
aged  woman  who  inherited  the 
gift  of  "  charming  the  fire  out," 
was  sent  for  to  "breathe  upon 
the  burn."  (J.  ar.). 

Chasser :   see  Chesser. 

Chats,G.(CHAATs)— Small  potatoes; 
ash-tree  seedlings;  also  "fuel  form- 
ed of  underwood  and  brushwood, 
very  commonly  used  in  Lakeland 
for  keeping  up  hearth  fires  and 
other  household  fires"  (Ellwood). 


59 


Small  branches  only  fit  for  fuel,  and  meta- 
phorically applied  to  stripling  youths. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  20. 

It  used  up  t'  tatie-peelin's  an'  dish  wesh, 
...   an'  chat  taties. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Chatter,  g.  (chaatth.U'R')— To  make 
ragged,  to  tear  and  bruise ;  a  lawn- 
mower  chatters  the  grass,  when 
the  knives  are  not  sharp,  or  im- 
properly set,  for  then  the  grass  is 
not  cut  off  sharply,  but  the  edges 
are  uneven  and  bruised. 
"  chatter't  into  splinters." 

Chatter  hen  :   see  Chitty. 

Chatter  wallet,  g.  (waal.ut) — A 
talkative  child. 

"  Thoo's  a  fair  lyle  chatter-wallet,  that 
ista  !  " 

Cha-waww,  c,  sw.  (chaa  waa-oo.) 
— Abundance  of  silly  talk. 

Cheap  on't,  g.  (cheep  aunt) — Yery 
deserving  of. 
"  He  sud  be  hang't,  and  cheap  on't." 

Cheatery,  g.  (chee.tpj')— Cheating, 
fraud,  deceit. 

Keep  oot  o'  his  company  that  cracks  o' 

his  CHEATRIE.        PROVERB. 

Cheelie,  c.(chee.li).  Cheel,  c,nw, 
N. — A  young  fellow. 

Auld  Mawson  leev't  nut  far  fra  t'  scheul, 
an'  was  a  gay  rough  cheely. 

Richardson — 2nd.    p.  124,  line  2. 

The  fadder  bids  the  chiel  come  in. 

Blamire — The  Toilin'  Day.    Stz.  3. 

Cheeny,  g.  (chee.ni).  Bottlety,  w. 
Bottley. — A  boy's  marble  made 
of  china.     See  Miller. 

Cheeper :   see  Chilpers. 

Cheese  band,  g. — A  linen  hoop  for 
supporting  a  newly-made  cheese. 

Cheese  rennet :   see  Rennet. 

Cheese-rims  or  rums,  c,  nw.,  EC. — 
Circular  wooden  frames  in  which 


the  curds  were  pressed  in  making 
cheese.  They  were  .  .  of  coopered 
staves  without  top  or  bottom. 

Ellwood. 
Cheeses,  sw.,  EC— The  fruit  of  the 
common  Mallow — Malta  tylre&tris. 

Cheese  sinker,  g. — A  circular  wood- 
en die  fitting  the  top  of  the  rim 
when  the  cheese  is  in  the  press. 

Chest-bed :   see  Box-bed. 

Chessy,  ec.  (ches.i)  —  A  chestnut 
horse  or  mare.  Any  kind  of  re- 
joicing.    E.D.D. 

Cheg,  g.  (cheg)— A  sharp  jerk. 
Ah  clam  till  ah'd  run  oot  anudder  hundert 
feutt  eh  me  line,  gev  't  a  bit  of  a  chegg  at 
reaav  t'  laal  nail  oot. 

Scoap.    p.  231,  line  3. 

— (and   Cheggle) — To    chew,  to 
champ   with    the   teeth :    also   to 
pull  or  jerk  sharply. 
Yon  lal  dog's  bin  at  thi  kytle  and  chegg- 
led  it  through  an'  through. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  28. 

Cheggin'  his  'bacco  like  a  teasin'  machine. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  17.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

He  tried  to  turn  his  steed,  bit,  alas,  tho' 
he  chegg'd  an'  pult  his  hardest,  it  hed 
neah  effect  on't  donk. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  30.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Chemmerly,  c,  k  (chem.itr'Li). 
Chammerly,  e.,  sw.  (chaam.- 
U'R'li) — Chamber  lye  ;  stale  urine, 
used  mostly  as  a  detergent  of  very 
foul  linen,  and  especially  in  re- 
moving the  oil  from  neAvly-spun 
woollen  yarn.  It  was  likewise 
used  for  improving  the  complexion, 
when  butter-milk  was  not  obtain- 
able. 

Git  cow-scairn,  an  chammerley, 
Nowt  meks  a  pultess  better. 
Anderson — Creake's  Tea  Party.   Stz.  9. 

Chepiter  day,  c,  b.,  nw.  (chep.itth- 
U'R'  dae)  —  Visitation  day  by  the 
Bishop  or  Chancellor. 


60 


Cheppel  Sundays,  c,  e.,  sw.,  nw. 
(chep.ul  SUON.DU')— Sundays  set 
apart  annually  in  August  or  Sep- 
tember at  Bassenthwaite,  Thorn- 
thwaite,  Newlands  and  elsewhere, 
when  people  assemble  from  a  dis- 
tance, attend  Divine  service,  dine 
with  their  friends,  and  then  adjourn 
to  the  inns  to  make  merry  in  honour 
of  the  saint  to  whom  the  chapel 
was  dedicated. 

The  old  weaver  was  resplendent  in  the 

apparel    usually    reserved    for    Cheppel 

Sunday.      Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  73,  line  19. 

It  used  to  be  t'  custom  to  hev  what  they 
cawt  chapel  Sunday,  an'  vulgarly  known 
as  Filly  Fair.  C.  Pacq.  1893,  Nov.  2.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Chert,  c.  (chuort) — The  young 
shoots  of  grass  which  appear  in 
the  spring;  applied  to  anything 
young. 

A  lal  chert  of  a  thing.      J.B. 

C  h  e  s  s  e  r ,  c,  e.,  nw.  (ches.U'r). 
Chasser,  c,  sw.,  n.  (chaas.U'R')— 
Chaser.  A  defective  male  sheep 
much  given  to  annoy  the  females. 
See  Humlin  and  RLggelt. 

Chesting,  n,  nc.  Coffining,  e. — 
The  putting  of  the  corpse  into  the 
coffin,  a  ceremony  attended  by 
many  of  the  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased. 

Chevin :   see  Skelly. 

Chiby,  n.  (chib.i)— Onion. 

Chicken  hawk :  see  Blue  hawk  ; 
Little  hawk. 

Chiers,  c.  (cheeu'R'z) — Small  thin 
pieces. 

"  My  teeth's  gone,  and  I'se  fworst  to  cut 
my  meat  into  chiers." 

Chiggle,  c,  ec,  sw.  (chig.U'l),  and 
Chig  (chig)— To  cut  wood  un- 
skillfully ;  to  chew. 
She  hed  been  liggan  sa  lang  in  't  watter; 
an  her  heed  med  ha  been  crush'd  amang 
t'  steans  er  chio'd  wid  eels,  fer  owt  they 
could  tell.    Muncaster Boggle,  p.  6,  line  8. 


Chillip,  g.  (chil.U'p)— The  cry  of  a 
young  bird. 

She  witch'd  some  geslins  i'  the  shell, 
Their  chilp  an  squeak  for  nar  a  week. 
Whitehead,    p.  31,  line  6. 

— To  produce  a  chirping  or  squeaking 
sound,  as  a  bird ;  to  yelp. 
Dinar's  ten  chikins  kumt  aut  en  A  hiar 
enudar  chilpan  in  't  skel.      E.D.D. 

Chillipers,  c,  nw.  (chiljpu'R'z) — 
Nut  coals. 

Chilp ers,  c,  b.,  nw.  (chilp.U'Rz). 
Cheepers,  n.,  e.  (chee.pu'R'z)— 

Young   grouse.      (NE.)   Cheepers  is 

used  for  all  young  game,  and  in 
E.  both  words  are  employed. 
Grouse  nesting  commenced  early,  but  the 
want  of  feed  is  telling  upon  the  cheepers. 
C.  Patr.    1891,  June  19.    p.  5,  col.  2. 

Chimla  back,  and  boke :  see  Ran- 
nel  tree. 

Chimla  bit,  g. — Chimney-piece. 

Chip,  g. — The  chip  is  performed  by 
wrestlers,  by  striking  the  hollow 
of  the  foot  against  the  outside  of 
the  opponent's  ancle,  at  the  same 
time  swinging  him  round  to  the 
same  side  as  that  of  the  leg  struck. 
The  first  breaking  of  the  shell  by 
the  young  bird. 

S —  adopted  his  opponent's  tactics,  and 
after -some  swinging  about,  the  chip  and 
a  twist  brought  B —  down. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  June  30.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

—To  trip. 

It  seems  strange  the  best  way  to  put  a 
fellow  down  is  to  "  chip  him  up." 

W.C.T.H,    1894.    p.  12,  col.  3. 

Chirm,  a  (chuorm)  — A  confused 
noise  as  of  many  talking. 

— To  chirp,  chatter,  babble  as  a  child. 

"  Chirm  an  like  as  many  sparrows." 

Then  he  wad  churm  an'  talk, 
An'say,"Ded,  ded;  Mam,  main."  an'  aw. 
Anderson — Will  and  Keate.    Stz.  4. 


61 


Chirrup,  a,  e.,  nw.  (chuor'.ut) — 
The  noisy  chatter  of  incipient  in- 
ebriety. 

Chit,  e.  (chit)— Puss,  cat. 

Chitter,  g.  (chit.U'R')  —  Animated 
whispering. 

— To  chirp ;  to  talk  lowly  but  ani- 
matedly. 

Odswinge!  how  laal  Winder  wad  chitter, 
To  see  o'  t'  fat  beese  in  yon  pen ! 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  201,  line  4. 

He  began  ten  chitter  summat. 

Scoap.    p.  126,  line  19. 

Chitteren,  g.— Trembling,  shivering. 

Or  here  to  sit  wi'  chittering  wing, 
Like  birdies  i'  the  snow. 

Blamire — Jenny  Dear.    Stz.  3. 

Chitters,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (chit.U'Rz)— 
The  small  entrails  of  the  goose  or 
sheep. 

Chitter  waww,  c.  (chitth.U'r 
waaoo) — The  amorous  language 
of  cats. 

Chitty,  g.,  and  Chitty  wren,  (chit.i 
ren).    Chatter  hen. — The  wren 

Troglodytes  pa rvuhis.     Chitty  is  also 

an  endearing  name  for  a  cat. 
Opn  t'  diuor  en'  let  t'  chiti  in.    E.D.D. 

Efter  chities  ha'  gien  up  t'  feight. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

Chitty  feas,  g.  (chit.i  fiaas)— A 
babyish  face. 
His  peer  chitty  feace  is  aw  hairy. 

Songs,    p.  6,  line  17. 

Chock,  g.  (chauk)— A  block  of  wood 
used  to  scotch  a  wheel. 

He  kicks  the  chock  out  from  the  wheel. 
W.C.T.X.    1897.     p.  7,  col.  4. 

— To  wedge  or  stop. 

Chock  full,  G.  (CHAUK.FUOL)— Full 

to  the  top. 

Pack't  them  away  into  t'  bags  till  they 
wer  beath  chock  full  agean. 

•  Gibson— T.  Reets  on  't.    p.  13,  line  5. 


Chollers,  g.  (chaul.U'R'z)  —  Fatty 
jaws  in  the  region  of  the  ears,  and 
below  on  the  neck ;  the  wattles 
of  a  cock. 

His  feace  grew  as  reed  as  t'  chollers  ov  a 
bubbley  jock. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  26,  line  10. 

Choop,  g.  (choop).  Shoop,  c,  sw. 
(shoop).  Cat  choops,  nw.— The 
The  fruit  of  the  wild  rose— Rosa 
canina. 

Her  eyes  are  leyke  twee  bullisters, 
Her  lips  are  red  as  choops. 

Brown,    p.  90,  line  1. 

I  ken  what  haws  is,  an'  catchoops. 

Billy  Brannan.    p.  5,  line  12. 

Chop,  G.  (chaup)— To  barter,  to 
change,  (sw.)  To  snuff  a  candle. 
See  Stroke. 

"T'  wind  chops  round  to  t'  north." 

Fadder  fwok  dud  let  us  chop  her  (the  cow) 

intil  ther  parrak  ith  winter. 

Smith.    Wheeler's  Dialogue  I.   p.  18,  line  6. 

Chop  that  cannel,  lad.      Dickinson.    1859. 

Choppers,  c,  sw.  (chaup,U'R'z) — 
Snuffers. 

Chops,  g.  (chaups) — Jaws. 

"  Aa'l  slaps  thy  chops  for  tha." 

When  on  the  teable  furst  they  set 
The  butter'd  sops,  sec  greasy  chops, 

'Tween  lug  and  laggin  ! 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  3. 

Chopt  eggs :  see  Butter  and  eggs. 

Chop't  'taties,  g.  (chaupt-tae.tiz). 
Rummert'taties;B.,NW.,N.(R'UOM. 
U'lt) — Boiled  potatoes  mashed  and 
mixed  with  milk  and  butter. 

Chove't,  c,  nc,  nw.  (chauvt). 
Chow't,  c.  (chauwt)— Linen  etc. 
frayed  or  torn  is  chove't. 
Chauved  wi' t'  teeth. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  28. 


62 


Chowe,  g.  (chauw)— To  chew  ;  to 
turn  over  in  one's  mind  ;  to  grum- 
ble, to  be  sulky. 

I've  scearse  a  teuth  to  chow  my  meat. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  29,  line  5. 

I'd  chow't  ower  what  fadder  said. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  10,  line  2. 

T'  dark  was  chowan  ower  that  girt,  lang, 
ugly  wurd.  Scoap.    p.  37,  line  19. 

Than  tyelleyer  he  began  to  chow, 
And  hurs'lt  up  his  shou'der. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  14. 

Chris'mas  cannel,  g.  (kris.mus 
kaan.U'l)  — A  candle  given  by 
grocers  to  each  customer  at  Christ- 
mas-tide. Nutmegs  or  other  spices 
are  occasionally  substituted.  This 
custom  has  died  out  in  c,  K,  sw. 

Chris'mas  shaf,  g. — The  sheaf  of 
corn  given  to  each  cow  and  horse 
on  Christmas  morning. 

Chuck,  G.  (chuok)  — A  childish 
name  for  a  fowl. 

Will  thoo  hev  a  chuckie  egg,  honey,  fer 
thi  tea  ?      E.D.D. 

— To  call  fowls.     To  throw,  cast. 
She  chucks  'em  tull  her,  an'  they  caper 
round.  Gilpin — Poetry,    p.  207. 

Gwordie,  chuck  that  bo'  here.     E.D.D. 

Chuck,  w.  (chuok)  —  A  miner's 
term  for  food. 

Gat  a  lump  o'  chuc,  .  .  .  an'  a  wedge  o' 
cheese.      C.  Pacq.  1893,  Sept.  14.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Chuckle -heed,  g.  (chuok.U'L  eed) 
— A  stupid  person. 

Chuckle-heedit,  g.  (chuok.U'L 
ee.did) — Foolish,  stupid. 

Chufty,  wc.  (chuof.ti)— A  person 
having  fat  cheeks  ;  chubby. 
Chufty  Lugs,  come  out  and  box  the  mari- 
ner's compass. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  11.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


Chump,  c.(chuomp)— The  first  note 
of  a  hound  on  scenting  game, 
(a,  sw.,  e.)   A  foolish  person. 

"  We  try't  o'  t'  day  and  niver  hed  a  chump.'' 

"Ah  niver  seed  sic  a  chump  as  yon,  he 
niver  kens  what  he's  gaan  teh  deuh." 

Like  t'  gurt  chumpheed  at  ah  is. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.     p.  25,  col.  1. 

— G. — Freely  and  easily  to  bite  up 
some  hard  food. 

T"  oald  man  can  chump  up  a  cracker  yet 
like  a  young  'un.    J.  Ar. 

Chun,  n.  (chuon)— The  sprout  of 
the  potato. 

— To  sprout  as  potatoes. 
"  T'  taties  are  sair  chunned." 

Chunter,  c,  NW.  (chuontth.U'R') — 
To  reply  impertinently,  or  in  a  re- 
monstrant manner,  and  in  an  un- 
dertone, and  defiantly ;  to  grumble, 
complain.  To  "  set  his  chunters  " 
is  equivalent  to  being  "  cheeky," 
"  crowing  over." 

Ah  was  terrable  mad  eh  t'  boddam  .  .  . 
It  was  ower  leaat  teh  chunter  noo,  fer  ah 
was  at  varra  heeght  eh  me  mends. 

Scoap.    p.  214,  line  1. 

Oald  village  standards  divn't  like  owt  in 
t'  way  of  innovations,  an'  any  new  chap  'at 
sets  his  chunters  was  dubbed  a"  twenty- 
five  minutes  fellow"  an'  what  reet  hes  he 
to  interfere. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Chur,  c.,ec.  (chuor')— The  subdued 
growl  of  a  dog  ;  the  prolonged 
note  of  the  nightjar,  etc. 

The  characteristic  call  is  a  harsh  churr. 
N  .\rr re.    p.  224,  line  12. 

— To  growl  as  a  dog ;  chirp,  call  as 
the  nightjar  etc. 

T'  white-throats  in  f  dykes  cherr  and 
chatter.  Cumbriana.    p.  248,  line  f. 


63 


Church  warner,  c.,nw.,n.(chuor'CH 
WAA.RWR').  Kirkmaister,sw.,E. 
(kur'k  mae.stthu'R').  Kirkwar- 
den,  n.  (kur'k  waa.R'DU'n)  — 
Churchwarden. 

A  fell-side  parson  mentioned  to  the  Bishop 
the  remarks  of  one  of  his  churchwar- 
riners  upon  the  celebration. 

C.  Patk.    1896,  Jan.  3.    p.  6,  col.  1. 
A  kirk-garth — a  kirk-warner's  garth. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  61,  line  22. 

Churnstaff :  see  Kernstofe ;  Wart 
gurse. 

Churrcock:  see  Mountain 
Throstle,  Moss  Crowker. 

Churr-mo',  g.  (chuor'.mau). 
Cherry  mo,  Allonby.  Drake- 
catcher,  C.  (DR'AEK-KAACH.U'R') 
— Black-headed  Gull — Lams  rUU- 
bundus.  Called  Drake-catcher  on 
Derwentwater  because  it  hawks 
for  the  "  Green  Drake  "  fly.  About 
Greystoke  the  same  Gull  used  to 
be  called  the  Black-headed  Crow 

(H.M.). 

Cinder  (sinddh.U'R')— The  slag  or 
dross  containing  a  large  percent- 
age of  iron  which  is  found  on  the 
margin  of  "Wastwater  and  other 
lakes.  It  indicates  the  sites  of  the 
Old  Bloomaries,  where  iron  was 
brought  to  be  smelted.  Many 
field-names  are  derived  from  it,  e.g., 

Cinder  Hill,  Cinder  How.     Ellwood. 

Clabber,  c,  nw,  n.,  e  (klaab.U'r). 

Clobber,  c.  (claub.U'R') — Dirt  in 

a  pasty  state,  mire. 

They  fain  wad  ha'  dabb'd  him  wi'  clabber. 

Gilpin — Songs,  1st.    Raffles  Merry 

Neet.    p.  232,  line  10. 

Clagger,  g.(klaag.U'r).  Clegger, 
G.  (kleg.U'R')— Anything  difficult 
to  shake  off ;  a  person  not  easily 
disheartened,  having  pluck. 

Clagger,  g.  Cleg,  g.  not  sw.  (kleg) 
Clag,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (klaag)  —  To 
adhere  to,  to  cling  to ;  to  stick, 


fasten  011.  (Clagger)  To  hold  on 
to  a  rock  with  hands  and  feet,  so 
as  to  climb  it  (Ellwood).  See  Cleg. 
He  slyly  clagged  some  luggage  labels  on 
the  seat.    C.  Patr.  1898,  June  17.  p.  5,  col.  4. 

Claggum :   see  Taffy. 

Claggy,  g.  (klaag.i) — Clammy,  ad- 
hesive ;  glutinous. 
Clay  mud  is  claggy  ;  and  half-baked  bread 
is  claggy,  as  well  as  sad  ;  and  treacle  is 
claggy  ;  but  a  damp  and  sticky  hand  is 
puggy.  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Clam,  c,  ec.  (klaam).  Clem,  c, n.,  b., 
e.  (klem) — To  satiate;    to  cloy, 
hence  to  clog  up,  besmear.  (c.,nw.) 
To  starve. 
"  Aa's  fairly  clam't  up  wi'  sweets." 

The  man  who  undertook  to  lick  up  a 
quantity  of  oatmeal  in  a  given  time  was 
defeated  "  he  was  fairly  clem't." 

Others  wi'  bluid  an'  glore  a'  clamm'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz  48. 

We's  niver,  I's  insuer  us, 

Be  neeak't  or  clemm'd  or  cald. 

Gibson — Map'ment.    Stz.  2. 

Clam,  g. — Did  climb. 

Some  sheep  hed  gitten  intul  an  intack  we 
hed  away  up  t'  fellside  ;   .  .   I  clam  up. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  94,  line  7. 

I  crosst  the  watter,  clam  the  hill. 

Anderson — Peggy  Pen.    Stz.  1. 

Clammers,c.,NW.,sw.(KLAAM.U'R'z). 
Clamp,  sw. — A  yoke  for  the  neck 
of  a  cow  to  prevent  her  leaping 
hedges. 

Through  hazel  and  wythe  they'll  rush ; 
Then  leadd  them  wi'  clammers,  and  cow 
beam,  and  clog. 

Cumbriana.    p.  252,  line  14. 

Clammersom,  ec,  sw.  (klaam.- 
U'RSU'm) — Clamorous,  greedy,  im- 
patient, (wc,  nw.)  Given  to  climb- 
ing, venturesome. 
It's  a  bent  place.  They're  varra  clammer- 
some,  the  black-faced  sorts. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  15,  line  12. 


64 


Clamper,  a,  EC.  (klaamp.U'R'),  and 
Clonter,  c,  n.,  nw.  (klaunt.U'R') 
— To  make  a  clattering  noise  with 
the  feet,  used  when  the  clogs  or 
shoes  are  too  big. 

Ah  hard  a  par  o'  clogs  clamperan  away, 
vari-a  fast.  Scoap.    p.  17,  line  3. 

T  miners'  clogs  cum  clanter,  clanter, 
clanter  past  t'  corner. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Clap,  c,  e.,  nw.  (klaap),  and  Clat. 
Swat,  c,  sw.  (swaat).  Coo 
skitter,  e.  (skitth.U'R')  —  Cow- 
dung  ;  Dickinson  states  that  (c.) 
clap  refers  to  firm  dung,  whilst 
(c.)  swat  refers  to  the  semi-fluid 
evacuation.  See  also  Clash. 
Ye  may  talk  o'  yer  wheat-strea  muck, 
an'  yer  closs  muck,  bit  gi'  me  a  clean 
coo-swat.      J.B. 

Clap,  g.  (klaap)— A  pat. 

— To  pat,  fondle ;  to  squat  as  a  hare  ; 
with  doon — to  put  down,  to  put 
one's  self  down,  sit  down. 

They  war  varra  teame,  an  fwoke  went 
an' clapped  them.  Drayson.  p.  19,  line  9. 
An'  kiss  me,  an  clap  me,  an  airms  roun 
me  fling.  Anderson — Daft  Dick.  Stz.  3. 
Ah  clappt  me-sel  doon  on  t'  skemmel 

Scoap.  p.  5,  line  8. 
The  milk-pail  rattles  fiercely  as  he  claps 
it  down.  Midsummer,    p.  18,  line  1. 

Clap  breed,  g.  (klaap  br'eed,  and 
Clap  keak,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (klaap 
kiaak) — Cakes  of  barley  meal  and 
a  little  sugar,  beaten  and  patted 
out  with  the  hands,  and  baked 
on  a  girdle,  (sw.)  A  girdle  cake 
with  a  few  currants  interspersed. 
Cf.  Singan  hinny. 
A  laal  bit  o'  clap-ceake,  an'  a  bit  o' 
stewed  rhubarb  to  put  on't. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Clap  on,  g.  (klaap  aun)— To  put 
place,  often  with  the  idea  of  haste. 

Seek  t'  aul  grey  yad,  clap  on  the  pad. 
Anderson — Tib  and  her  Maister.    Stz.  1. 


Clap  a  greet  splatch  of  a  seal  on  t'  top  of 
ayderbag.    Gibson — T'Reets.  p  14,  line  3. 

For  I've  nae  heart  to  darn,  or  clap  on 
clouts. 

Clark — Costard's  Complaint,    line  16. 

Clapper  clowe,  c,  b.  (klaap.U'R' 
klauw) — To  give  a  severe  scold- 
ing ;  to  beat  and  abuse,  generally- 
used  of  women. 

Clart,  g.  (klaart)— Adhesive  dirt ; 
anything  clammy  ;  a  scrap.     Also 
(c.)  a  dung  scraper  (j.b.). 
A  rare  good  dinner  I  hed,  an'  left  nea 
clart  o'  me  plate. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  14,  line  5. 

Whiles  they  hed  butter  in  a  few  minutes, 
white  as  a  daisy,  an'  soft  as  clart. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

—To  make  dirty ;  (b.),  besides  dirty- 
ing, this  seems  to  include  the  idea 
of  wasting  time,  "  JustcLARTANon." 
A'll  clart  thoo  if  a  git  hoald  on  thoo. 

Drayson.    p.  21,  line  13. 

Clarty,    g.   (klaa.rti)  —  Dirty  ; 
muddy ;  sticky. 
She  feeds  a  clarty  chicken. 

Rayson — Squeeze  Crab.  Stz.  5. 
T'  frost  hed  geen  way,  an'  t'  rwoads  wer 
as  soft  an'  clarty  as  ivver  yan  saw  a 
plew't  feeld  at  Cannelmas. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  148,  line  5. 

Clash,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (klaash).  Clat, 
G.  (klaat)— (1)  Scandal,  gossip. 
(2)  Tale-bearer,  gossip -monger 
(female).  See  Blash. 
Thou'll  come  till  thou  raises  a  desperat 
(1)  clash.   Gibson — Lai  Dinah,  p.  34,  line  2. 

A  lass  may  be  thick-legg't  plain  leukin' 
an  soor, 
Bad  temper't,  a  gossip,  an'  (2)  clat. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  105,  line  1. 

Ye've  heard  o'  Bet  the  Bandy  Ian, 
And  durty  Nan  the  parish  (2)  clash. 

Rayson — Randy  Mally.    Stz.  1. 

Awlas  fra  heam  talkin'  (1)  clash. 

Yance  a  Year.    p.  21,  hue  27. 


65 


—(1)  To  abuse,  dirty;  (2)  to  weary; 

(3)  to  throw  or  strike  violently ; 

(4)  to  chatter,  gossip.  See  Clap. 
An'  some  there  war  'at  (1)  clash't  their 

keytes 
•    Till  they  war  fairly  yether'd 

Wi'  drink  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  32. 

Let  other  lads  to  spworts  and  pastimes 

run, 
And  spoil   their  sunday  clease  and   (1) 

clash  their  shoon. 

Eelph — Hay-time.    Stz.  4. 

We  (3)  clash't  watter  at  them. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  22,  line  1. 

T'  mair  at  thoo   thinks  on't  t'  mair  t' 
thowt  on  it  (2)  clashes  the'. 

Yance  a  Year.    p.  8,  line  14. 

Clash't,  g.  (klaasht)— Fatigued ; 
expresses  the  dishevelled  appear- 
ance of  a  person  who  has  been  ex- 
posed to  bad  and  stormy  weather. 
He'll  git  clashed  oop  wi'  twa  sermons 
gif  they  coom  ower  nigh  til  ane  anither. 
Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  14,  line  7. 

We  sud  aw  be  clashed-up  wi'  dirt. 

Midsummer,    p.  28,  line  4. 

Clashy,  g.  (klaashi)  —  Showery, 
wet;  dirty. 

She  looked  up  and  said,  "it's  rayder 
clashy."  He  assented  to  her  remark  for 
the  rain  was  pouring  down. 

Cumbriana.    p.  81,  line  12. 

The  dress  he  kept  for  extra  "  clashy  and 
clarty  wark." 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  271,  line  13. 

Clatch,  c,  nw.,  n.  (klaatch),  and 
Clotchin,  c,  e.,  nw.  (klatjch.in). 
Cleekin,  nw.,  n.  (klee.ku'n),  and 
Cleckin,  n.,  e.,  nw.  Lafter,  g. 
(laaf.tthu'R').  Lawter,  e. 
(lauw.tthu'R') — A  brood  of 
chickens,  etc. ;  or  the  set  of  eggs 
from  which  the  brood  is  produced. 
See  Cleckin. 

"  She  brong  t'  whoal  cleckin  up." 


I  hevn't  a  ne'bour  'ill  lend  me  a  lafter 
of  eggs.  Gibson,    p.  185. 

Your  cottagers  used  to  keep  two  or  three 
geese  an  a'  stegg,  off  which  they  raised  a 
few  lafters  o'  young  'ans. 
Cumb.  Pacq.    1893,  April  20.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

That  dark  broon  speckeled  hen  ;  Jist  let 
her  bring  oot  a  clotchin. 
Geordie  Greenup — Rhymes.   1876.   p.  22. 

Clatter,  c,  e.,  nw.  (klaatth.U'R')— 
Superfluous,  rapid  or  noisy  talk; 
a  smart  blow. 
Whietly  Kit  bore  her  clatter, 
Nea  back-wurd  he'd  gi'en. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  6. 

Ere  lang  her  clatter,  lees,  and  clash 
Will  banish  aw  the  neighbours  roun. 

Rayson — Randy  Mally.    Stz.  3. 

Ah'll  gie  thi  a  clatter  on  't  lug.      J.H. 

— To  talk  or  work  noisily,  gossip ; 
beat  or  strike. 

He  that  talks  till  himsel'  clatters  till  a 
feul.  Gibson — Proverb,    p.  170. 

We  clattert  away,  ye  kna,  as  hard  as 
we  cud  gang.      Forness  Folk.  p.  16,  line  3. 

Carles  wi'  clatter'd  skulls. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  19. 

Clatter -clogs,  c.  (klaatth.U'R' 
klaugs)  —  A  person  who  walks 
noisily  in  clogs.     See  Cleet. 

This  clattin'  an'  tattlin'  's  aboot  nowt. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  19,  line  1. 

Clatting,G.- Chattering,  talebearing. 

Clavver,  g.  (klaav.U'R')  —  Din; 
noisy  talking,  gossip.  See  Preface. 
Sec  auld  far'd  claver's  not  worth  wheyle 
Fwoaks  leyke  o'  us  to  scan 

I'  th'  prizzent  day. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  1. 

We'se  not  fashed  wi'  clashes  an'  clavers 
like  yer  toun  folk. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  289,  line  2. 

— To  climb. 

Clavert  up  to  the  window. 

Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  7. 


66 


Clavver  girse,c.,sw.,N.  (klaav.U'R' 
guor's);  G-eus  girse,  c,  nw. 
(giuos);  Sticky  back,  c,  nw., 
and  Soldiers'  buttons,  c,  nw.  ; 
Rob  run  up  dike,  G. — The  goose 
grass,  Cleavers — Gallium  aparine. 
If  yan  tuk  a  nettel  ta  Maister  Bottanist, 
he  sed — "  0  yes,  that's  a  nice  spessymen  " ; 
or  a  robin-run-up-dike,  it  was  t'  seam 
thing.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  105,  line  1. 

Clawt :   see  Cloot,  and  Cuff. 

Clay  daubin',  c,  n,  e.,  nw.  (klae 
dailbitn).  Clay  biggin,  c,  n., 
nw.,  e.  (klae  big.U'n) — A  cottage 
built  of  clay  interspersed  with 
layers  of  straw. 

When  a  young  rustic  marries,  the  highest 
ambition  of  his  heart  is  to  be  master  of  an 
humble  clay-built  cottage,  ...  As  soon 
as  he  has  selected  a  proper  site  ...  he 
signifies  his  intentions  to  his  neighbours, 
who,  on  the  appointed  day,  punctually 
muster  on  the  spot  where  the  intended 
building  is  to  be  raised,  each  individual 
bringing  a  spade  and  one  day's  provisions. 
When  the  walls  are  raised  to  their  proper 
height,  the  company  have  plenty  to  eat 
and  to  drink.  Anderson,    p.  126. 

This  custom  did  not  exist  in  those  districts 
where  stone  could  be  procured. 

We  went  owre,  to  Deavie'  Clay  Daubin, 
An  faith  a  rare  caper  we  had. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  1. 

Sing,  hey  fer  a  snug  clay-biggin. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  1, 

He  would  receive  his  yearles,  the  custom- 
ary manner  of  making  the  engagement, 
and  would  help  at  clay-daubin's. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Clay  daubs, c.,nw.,b.  (klae  daubs). 
Clay  potties,  c— Home-made 
clay  marbles.     See  Potty. 

Clay- stick :  see  Rubbin'  stean. 

Clead :  see  Cleed. 


Clean,  G. — Completely,  entirely. 
"Ah've  clean  forgitt'n  what  ah  was  telt.'' 

I've  learn'd  to  feace  the  maiden  clean. 

Gilpin — Songs  (1865).    p.  18. 

Ah'll  be  clean  losin'  coont  o'  time. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  88,  line  12. 

Clean  heel't,  g.  (kleen  eelt)  — 
Active  with  the  feet :  when  a  per- 
son runs  away  through  fear,  he 
shews  a  pair  of  clean  heels. 
A  clean-heel'd  lass,  a  weel-spok  lass. 

Anderson — Young  Susy.    Stz.  1. 

T  yoolet  set  Teddy  on  till  his  mettel,  an' 
he  mead  a  pair  o'  cleen  heels  ta  t'  Peel 
Wyke.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  85,  line  9. 

Cleanin',  g—  The  after-birth  of 
animals. 

Cleanin'  time,G.(KLEE.NU'N  taaim) 
— The  general  house  cleaning  be- 
fore Martinmas  and  Whitsuntide. 

Clean  Ned  o'  Keswick,  not  the  —  : 

c. — Not  straightforward.  Of  a  per- 
son whose  character  for  upright 
conduct  will  not  bear  the  full  light 
of  day,  it  is  said,  "  He's  nut  t' 
clean  Ned  o'  Keswick  "  (Gibson,    p.  44). 

Clean  tatie,  not  the  — :  G. — Not 
straightforward. 

It  was  weel  known  'at  he  wasn't  t'  clean 
tatie.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  133,  line  8. 

Cleckin,  g.  (klek.U'n) — A  shuttle- 
cock.    See  also  Clatch. 

"  As  leet  as  a  cleckin." 

Cled  score,  c.,n.,e.  (kled  skwaur* 
or  skoou'R') — Twenty  one  to  the 
score.    Double  cled,  twenty  two. 

Cleed,  g.  (kleed)  Clead,  g.  not  sw. 
(kli  a  ad).  Clethe ,  n.,  e.  (kleeth) 
—To  clothe. 

Thou  cleads  thy  back,  and  pangs  thy 
weamm.  Cumbbiana.    p.  275,  line  6. 

Cleedin,  o,  N.,  EC.  (klee.du'n)  — 
Clothing. 

Gie  us  meat,  drink  an'  cleedin  ;  it's  plenty 
fer  us. 
Anderson— Cummerland  Farmer.  Stz.  1. 


67 


Cleekin :   see  Clatch. 

Cleet,  g.  (kleet).  Fwoalfeut, 
(fwau.l  fiuot).  Cowt-feut,  a, 
sw.  (kauwt).  Clatterclogs,  c,  e., 
sw.  (klaatth.U'R'  klaugs).  Son 
afoor  t'  fadder,   e. — The  colt's 

foot  plant — Tusilago  fa  rfa  ra . 

Willy  Fisher  smeukt  cleet  leaves. 

Cumbriana.    p.  9,  line  7. 

Fwoal-feut  was  varra  common  in  t'  fields. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Cleet,  c,e.,nw. — A  cross-rib  or  stay, 
a  batten  ;  a  cleavage  of  the  seam 
of  coal. 

Cleetin' ,  c,  e.  (klee.titn) — A  paling 
of  thin  planks  (d.h.).  Similar  to 
"  match-boarding,"  and  between 
Carlisle  and  Penrith  refers  to 
"  scantling"  for  indoor  work  (j.Ar). 

Cleg,  G. — Four  flies  are  known  by 
this  name,  the  Sting  fly— Taba nu* 
autumnal h ;  the  Great  Breeze  fly — 
Taba n us  bucinus ;  the  Horse  fly — 
Hippobosca  equina, and  in  the  Cocker- 
mouth  district  the  Stable  fly— Sto* 
moxys  calcitrant.  (W.  H.Y.).  The 
Wastdale  clegg  is  a  variety  which 
fastens  itself  under  a  beast's  tail 
(j.  Ar.).  To  "  stick  like  a  cleg  "  is 
a  common  expression  to  indicate 
close  adhesion  of  any  kind.  See 
Clagger. 

Next  t'  coos  began  to  switch  their  tails, 
Wi'  clegs  an'  midges  hamper't. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  27. 

T"  nickneamm  "Sweep  Jackson"  stuck 
tull  'em  like  a  cleg  ivver  efter. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.     p.  1,  col.  4. 

Clem :   see  Clam. 

Cleps,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kleps).  "Weed- 
sticks,  N.  Thistle  tangs,  c,  sw. 
Weed  clips,  ne. — Tongs  for  pull- 
ing up  weeds  ;  cleps  is  also  applied 
to  a  boot-maker's  or  saddler's 
"  clamp." 

Look  is  applied  to  pulling  thistles  with 
a  pair  of  cleps.     J.H. 
F2 


Clickt  up  t'  cleps,  an'  clappen  them  atween 
t'  knees  on  him,  he  oot  wih  his  elson,  his 
wax,  an'  his  threed.     Scoap.  p.  219,  line  14. 

Clethe :   see  Clead. 

Cleil,    C,  E.,  NW.   (kLATJ  or  KLAUW). 

Cleea,  sw.  (kleea).  Cleut,  c, 
n.,  e.  (kliuot) — Claw,  hoof. 

Sec  a  caper  ne'er  was  seen,  sin  fadder 

Adam  shekt  his  cleuts. 

Anderson — The  Cram.   p.  61,  col.  1,  line  22. 

T  chair  feet,  eebn,  was  t'  shap  eh  lion 
cloas.  Scoap.    p.  125,  line  17. 

A  man,  who  had  been  engaged  in  catching 
lobsters,  said  that  he  "  rov  t'  clea  off  yan 
that  was  as  big  as  a  taty  swill." 

Cumbriana.     p.  293,  line  9. 

Cleugh,  C,  N.,  E.  (KLUF  or  KLIUOF) 
— A  ravine  or  cleft ;  (e.)  the  stem 
of  a  tree  at  the  bole  (w.R.  and  Lake 
Country.    App.  I.). 

Clever-clogs,  c,  sw.,  nw.,  ec.  —  A 
conceited  person,  wiseacre. 
Those  clever  clogs  who  pretend  to  under- 
stand the  ins  and  outs  of  the  gravest 
mysteries.     Lizzie  Lorton.  II.  p.  10,  line  6. 

Clew,  G.  (klioo) — A  ball  of  yarn  etc. 

Our  Betty  was  winnin  a  clew. 

Anderson — King  Roger.    Stz.  1. 

Mary  said  'at  she  gat  that  black  eye  an' 

learn  knee 
By  a  slip  when  she  tread  ov  her  clew". 

Yance-a-Year.    p.  21,  line  2. 

Cliar,  c,  nw.,  ec.  (klaai.U'R') — 
Tubercular  pleurisy,     h.t. 

Cliar't. — Affected  with  Cliar. 

"It  was  badly  clyered  when  it  was  killed, 
and  the  carcase  was  condemned." 

Click,  g.  (klik).  Cleek,  n.  (kleek) 
A  steep  part  of  a  road. 

"  Its  a  sharp  click  up  Workiton  Ho'  broo." 

— To  snatch,  (with  up)  to  catch  up 
hastily. 

Mrs  T —  came  up  and  struck  him  with  a 
besom.  Her  husband  clicked  it  from  her 
and  said  "  Stand  by." 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Oct.  12.    p.  7,  col.  7. 


68 


The  kiss  went  round ;  but  Sally  Slee, 
When  Trummel  cleekt  her  on  his  tnee. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  5. 

He  clikk't  up  his  beuk  ov  a  terrabel  hurry. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  54,  line  5. 

Click,  (inside  or  outside)  G  —  A  term 
in  wrestling,  used  when  the  one 
man  puts  his  left  leg  from  the 
inside  round  the  right  leg  of  the 
opponent,  thus  endeavouring  to 
throw  him.  When  the  outside  click, 
or  back-heel  is  employed,  the  leg 
is  brought  round  from  the  outside. 
He  pulling  his  antagonist  down  on  his 
knees  while  W —  was  in  the  act  of  put- 
ting in  a  click.  S —  "downed"  J —  by 
the  insertion  of  the  back-heel,  and  H — 
gave  way  under  a  powerful  click. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  May  26.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Click  hook,  g. — An  instrument  used 
by  poachers  for  catching  salmon. 
Having  had  possession  of  a  click-hook 
for  the  purposes  of  taking  salmon. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Feb.  2.    p.  3,  col.  6. 

Click  reel :  see  Knack  reel. 

Clifty,  c,  e.,n.,nw.  (klif.ti)— Lively, 
active,     (w.)  Hilly. 
He's  a  varra  clifty  fella.      S.D.B. 
Boonas  Nott's  a  varra  brant  an'  clifty 
spot.      J.S.E. 

Clinch,  G.  (klinsh)— To  rivet  the 
point  of  a  nail,  by  bending  it. 

Clincher,  g.  (klin.shu'R') — A  posi- 
tive  fact  ;    (b.)   something    that 
settles  an  argument. 
Be  t'  way  iv  a  clincher  ah'll  tell  theh 
what.  Scoap.    p.  63,  line  8. 

Clink,  G.  (klink)— A  blow  generally 
on  the  head  ;  a  jingling  sound, 
(sw.)  A  hole  in  the  rocks  where 
a  fox  would  live. 

I'll  fetch  the'  a  clink  under  t'  lug. 

Gibson — T"  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  17. 

Clinker,  g.  (klink.U'R')— A  long  nail 
used  by  shoemakers  to  protect  the 
edge  of  a  boot-sole  at  the  toe,  and 


it  differs  from  a  "sparrow-bill"  in 

having  a  flange  that  extends  over 

the  edge  of  the  sole.     A  term  of 

high  recommendation. 

Ey  man !  but  yon's  a  clinker  ! 

Yon's  a  clinkin'  goer — applied  to  a  fine 

actioned  horse.    J.  Ar. 

Clink  off,  n,  nw,  sw.— To  go  away 

quickly  but  quietly. 

They  clink  off  an'  git  wed,  er  'list  an' 

sometimes  they  rue  their  clinkin  tricks. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  14. 

Clints,  c,  nw,  ec,  n.  (klints)— 
Testicles. 

Clip,  g.  (klip)— The  wool  of  a  whole 
flock  ;  condition  of  health.  See 
Clippin. 

"  He's  in  rare  clip  t'day." 

"  Ned  Nelson  hes  a  parlish  clip  o'  woo  at 

Gasket." 

Farmers  .  .  .  could  get  the  same  price  for 

unwashed  as  for  washed  clips. 

C.  Patr.    1889,  May  3.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

— To  cut  with  scissors ;  shear  sheep; 
shorten.  A  scolding  wife  is  said 
to  have  a  tongue  sharp  enough  to 
clip  cloots. 

"T"  days  is  clip't  in  a  bit." 
I  hed  a  lock  o'  sheep  to  clip. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  77,  line  6. 

Clippin,  g.(klip.in).  Clippin  time. 

Clip.— The  annual  sheep-shearing. 
At  the  sheep-shearings,  or  clippings  as 
they  are  called.  Richardson,  1st.  p.  4,  line  9. 

It  Was  SHEEP-CLIPPING  TIME. 

Lizzie  Lorton.  II.  p.  206,  line  6. 
Thirty  times  it  is  I've  shorn  at  Mytholm 
clip.  Mayroyd.   I.   p.  4,  line  1. 

Clipper,  g.  (klip.ur)  —  A  clever 
active  person. 

Clip't  and  heel't,G.  (klipt  an  eelt) 
— In  proper  trim,  like  a  game  cock 
prepared  for  battle. 
Aw  reet  clipt  an  heel'd  were  the  lads 
an'  the  lasses. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-Neet.    Stz.  1. 


Clipten. — A  dipt  or  shorn  sheep. 
I  bout  ship,  and  tuik  to  me  heels  like  a 
clipten.     J.  Harrison.  Poems  and  Songs. 

A  shot  frae  t'  blunderbuss  wad  mak  them 
run  like  liptens  (sic). 

Smith — Borrowdale.     p.  6,  line  16. 

Clish-ma-clash,  g.  except  sw.  (klish. 
mi-klaash).  Clasli-ma-clavers. 
— Idle  talk,  generally  scandalous. 

Oal  clish-ma-clash,  thou's  nought  but 
fash  !  Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  21. 

Clobber :  see  Clabber. 

Clock,  g. — The  name  for  any  insect 
which  crawls,  a  beetle  ;  the  great 
Dor  beetle  is  in  c.  called  The  Clock. 

Clock,  g.  (klauk).  Pissy  bed,  c, 
sw.  Pissy  mudder,  nw.  —  The 
flowers  of  the  Dandelion— Taraxa- 
cum offic  are  sometimes  called  Pissy 
beds  ;  when  the  head  has  seeded, 
children  blow  off  the  pappus,  and 
by  the  number  of  puffs  required 
to  do  this  they  pretend  to  tell  the 
time ;  the  ripened  head  is  called 
Clock.  See  Pissimers. 
Pulling  out  a  downy  clock  or  a  rampant  bit 
of  bird-weed.     Todhunter's.  p.  292,  line  13. 

Clock-drusser,  G.  not  e. — A  cleaner 
or  repairer  of  clocks. 
That  laal  daft  clock-drusser  mun  heh 
geean  an  left  t'  pendlemun  off. 

Scoap.    p.  149,  line  5. 

Clocker,  g. — A  maker  of  clocks. 
Oal  clocker  Jwonn  wad  dance  a  gig. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  33. 

Clock-lien,  g.     Clocker,  c,  e.,  ns. 

(klauk.U'R')  Clocking-hen,  e.— 

A  sitting  or  broody  hen. 

He  bowt  up  aw  t'  clockers  an'  oald  hens. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  114,  line  8. 

The  dame  he  said  was  like  a  clocking  hen. 
Blamire — Stocklewath.   p.  128. 

Clock  lound,  nw.,  sw. 

Very  still ;  it  is  clock  lound  when  there 
is  not  enough  wind  to  blow  off  the  ripened 
seeds  or  clocks  of  the  dandelion. 


Clog,  g.  (klaug). — (1)  Shoes  with 
wooden  soles :  also  called  Timmer 
bents.  (2)  (c.)  A  block  of  wood 
to  hang  to  the  neck  of  an  uneasy 
cow,  or  to  the  leg  of  a  rambling 
horse.  (3)  In  sw.  this  word  is  like- 
wise applied  to  a  block  of  wood 
etc. 

I  suppose  you're  never  going  to  pay  for 
them  (1)  clogs. 

E.  C.  News.  1898,  Ap.  15.  p.  8,  col.  6 
Lads  wos  drivin'  horses  an'  waggins  owt 
o'  t'  tunnels,  an'  bringin'  girt  (3)  clogs  o' 
stuff.  Forness  Folk.    p.  10,  line  1. 

Through  hazel  and  wythe  they'll  rush : 
Then  leadd  them  wi'  clammers,  and  cow 
beam,  and  (2)  clog. 

Cumbriana.    p.  252,  line  14. 

— To  make  or  repair  clogs. 

Clogger,  g.  (klaug.U'R') — One  who 
makes  or  repairs  clogs. 

Tom  Kurkbride  an'  clogger  Kit. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  7. 

Cloggins,  c,  n.  (klaug-inz).  Clog- 
bo's,  c,  nw.  (bauz).  Cobs,  c, 
nw.,b.  (kaubs)  ;  also  Cogs,  b.,  e. 
(kaugs),  and  Snow  pattens,  c, 

B.,  E.,  NW.  (SNAU  PAAT.INZ) — SnOW 

balls  on  the  clogs  or  shoes. 

Cloggy,    g.  (klaug.i)  —  Fat  and 
heavy. 
"  As  cloggy  as  a  fat  su." 

Clog  wheel,  c,  sw.,  e.  (weel)— A 
cart  wheel  of  thick  plank  and  with- 
out spokes:  the  wheel  and  axle 
revolved  together.  In  common 
use  in  the  1 8th  Century,  but  now 
almost  out  of  use. 

It  was  clog-wheels  eh  t'  Hee-Neuck  oald 
turrah  car,  mebby,  at  fassent  on  t'  assel- 
tree,  an  beaath  turnt  tegidder. 

Scoap.    p.  59,  line  12. 

Clog-wheeled  carts  carried  on  the  whole 
traffic  of  the  parish  (Cartmel)  over  the 
narrowest  and  worst  of  roads. 

C.  Patr.    1894.  Ap.  13.     p.  3,  col.  6. 

Clom :    see  Clnm. 


70 


Clonk,  c,  BW.,  ec.  (klaunk).  Clank. 
— A  blow  on  the  head.  The  sound 
produced  by  the  striking  of  one 
hard  object  against  another. 
Heer's  ta  them  clogs  on  im  ?  clonk,  clonk, 
clonking  on't  flags  ?  Sec  a  durdum  he 
maks.      S.D.B. 

Clonter,  E.  —  To  work  in  a  dirty- 
manner.     See  Clamper. 

Cloor  heed,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kloor'-eed) 
Cloo,  sw.(kloo) — A  sluice  at  the 
head  of  a  mill  dam. 
"Did  this  happen  on  the  North  or  South 
side  of  the  river?"  "North  or  South? 
'T  was  t'  cloor  heed  side  aa  tell  ye." 

Cumbriana.    p.  220,  line  13. 

Cloot ,  c,  nw,  n.,  e.  (kloot)  .  Clawt , 
nw.,  sw.  (klaawt)— A  blow  on 
the  ear;  a  patch,  rag;  a  cloth 
used  for  household  purposes,  (a, 
E.,  sw.)  Hurry.  See  Cleu. 
T  ya  lug  hed  been  rovven,  an'  hung  like  a 
cloot.      Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.   Stz.  1. 

And  when  at  heels  I  spyed  thy  stockings 

out, 
I  darned  them  suin,  or  suin  set  on  a  clout. 
Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  13. 

T"  doctor  iv  his  evidence  sed  he'd  been 
kilt  be  a  cloot  ebbm  aback  eh  t'  lug. 

Scoap.    p.  235,  line  4. 

The  breydegruim  (luiked)  as  wheyte  as  a 
clout.    Anderson — CodbeckWedg.  Stz.  6. 

—  (1)  To  strike  on  the  head;  to 
nail;  (2)  to  patch;  (3)  to  repair 
by  striking. 

L —  showed  great  strength  in  disposing 
of  his  Wigton  opponent,  whom  he  fairly 
(1)  clouted  down. 

C.  Patr.  1893,  June  30.  p.  3,  col.  4. 
She  (1)  clooted  Jobby  awt  way  heame 
tull  aw  his  beanes  wor  sair. 

W.C.T.H.  1893.  p.  8,  col.  2. 
A  (2)  clouted  hat,  grown  brown  with 
years.  Sanderson,    p.  47,  line  1. 

A  handy  chap  to  shap  a  speun,  or  (3) 
cloot  a  pot  or  pan. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    p.  59,  line  6. 


Clootie,  g.  (kloo.ti) — The  devil. 

For  aw  me  een  could  see  quite  plain 
Auld  Clouty's  cloven  heuf. 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    p.  212,  line  7. 

Cloot  nail,  c,  nw.  (kloot  nael) — 
A  broad  headed  nail  used  for  at- 
taching the  iron  hoop  to  the  old 
clog  wheel. 

T'  hoop  t'  sel  on't  was  nobbut  hodden  l  e 
a  lock  eh  girt  car-CLOOT  nails. 

Scoap.    p.  218,  line  6. 

CIOSS,  C,  NW.,  N,  SW.  (KLAUS). 
Sprats,    W.   Holme.      (SPRAATS) — 

The  sharp-flowered  jointed  Rush 

— Juncus  acid i forms ;  G.   Closs  applies 

to  all  the  rushes  (w.H). 

Ye  may  talk  o'  yer  wheat-strea  muck,  an' 

yer  CLOSS-muck.      J.B. 

Clot,  g.  (klaut) — To  strew,  to  lie 
in  disorder ;  (a,  N,  nw.)  to  throw 
or  strike  with  clods  etc. 
"  Her  cleaz  an'  things  is  o'  clottan  aboot 
like  hay  an'  strea." 

"They  clottit  t'  lasses  wid  apples  an' 
hed  sec  fun." 

Clot 'im  wi' sods  an' steans. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  208,  line  7. 

Clot  bur  :   see  Bur. 

Clotch,  EC,  n.,  nw.  (klauch)— To 
shake  roughly. 

Clotchin :   see  Clatch. 

Clot-heed,  g.  (klaut  eed) — A 
stupid  person. 

He'  just  coa't  me  a  girt  clot-heid,  an  a 
hoaf-thick^  Scoap.    p.  7,  line  15. 

Clout,  NW.  (kloot). 

Five  pocknets  make  one  clout   of  nets, 
about  four  yards  long.     Fisherman,  p.  26. 

Clouter,  c.  (kloo.tthu'R')— A  clumsy, 
awkward  person  or  thing. 
An'  horses!  ods  wuns,  lad,  sec  cloutki;^! 
'At  poos  their  girt  waggins  aboot  ! 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  199,  Hue  4. 

— Large. 


71 


Clovven,  g.  (klauv.u'n)— When  a 
sheep  is  fit  for  slaughter,  the  fat 
on  the  rump  is  indented. 
"Clovven  at  t!  tail  heed." 

Clow,  G.  (klauw) — Originally  mean- 
ing to  work  in  the  soil  with  the 
hands,  it  afterwards  came  to  be 
applied  to  one  who  was  an  active 
and  expert  labourer,  and  in  this 
sense  it  is  nearly  obsolete.  To 
attack  and  scratch,  to  beat,  scratch ; 
to  remove  moss  from  the  bark  of 
trees  ;  (b.)  to  upbraid,  to  scold. 
Gah  an'  thin  them  turmets,  an'  mind  you 
keep  clowan  away  at  them,  an  git  a  lock 
done.    Jos.  P. 

Give  ower  clowin  that  heed  o'  thine,  if 
thoo  scarts  like  that  thoo  '11  clow  aw  t' 
year  of  it.    Jos.  P. 

I  clowt  my  lug ;  what  cud  I  dee  or  say. 
Clark — Seymon.    line  40. 

They  used  to  dobbie  sticks,  clow  trees. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Clower,  c,  ec,  nw.  (klauw.U'R') — 
A  quick  worker. 

Clowin,  g.  (klauw.U'n)— Formerly 
meaning  any  severe  treatment 
with  the  hands,  it  now  refers  to 
an  assault  usually  by  a  woman, 
with  her  fingers  and  nails  ;  (b.)  a 
scolding. 

Knock  aw  t'  laal  weeds  weel  doon  of  t' 
furs;  give  them  a  good  clowan  wid  yer 
hands  er  else  they'll  nut  be  hoaf  done. 

Jos.  P. 

Ah  gev  em  sec  a  clowin  at  he  hed  forced 
ta  let  me  drop.      W.C.T.X.  1897.  p.  4,  col.  1. 

— Ws. — Expert  at  any  kind  of  work 
done  with  the  hands,  hence  active, 
bustling;    said  of  something  be- 
yond the  common  in  size. 
"  A  clowan  knitter."    "  A  clowan  big  'un." 

Clowk,  C,  EC,  NW.  (klauwk)— A 
grasp  or  clutch.     A  cloak. 
He  mead  a  clowk  at  my  neckcloth  and 
missed  it.  Gibson,    p.  170. 


Let  them  see  hoo  his  girt  clowke  sud  be 
cuttn  oot.  Scoap.    p.  148,  line  3. 

— To  snatch  ;  seize  greedily. 

An'  clowks  at  advantage  whoariver  he 
can.   Gibson — Ned  o'  Keswick,  p.  46,  line  1. 

Cloy,  c,  Ns.  (klau.-i) — Used  in  the 
phrase  "as  drunk  as  cloy."  (Chloe?) 
He  was  as  drunk  as  cloy. 

Betty  Wilson,     p.  47,  line  12. 

Club  nut,  g.  (kluob-nut)— Two  or 
more  nuts  united  in  growth. 
They  talk  aboot  single  nuts  an'  clusters, 
an'  leemers,  an'  clud — should  be  club 
nuts.      C  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  9.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Cludder,  g.  (kluoddh.U'R'),  n.,  nw. 
(kluddh.U'R')— To  crowd  together, 
to  cluster. 

O'  t'  poor  wimmen  i'  t'  town  cludder'd 
round  abowt  'em  wi'  basens. 

T  Invasion,    p.  5,  line  4. 

Cluff:   see  Cuff. 

Clum  (Borkowdale)  (kluom) — A  wo- 
man who  acted  as  guide  over  a 
mountain  said  to  a  tourist  on  com- 
pleting the  journey,  "  I  claim  t' 
clum,"  i.e.,  the  fee  as  guide  for  the 
climb. 

Clum,  c,  n.,  nw.  (kluom).  Clam,  e. 
(klaam).  Clom,  c,  sw.  (klaum) 
— Climbed. 

Ah'll  let  yeh  see  when  ah've   clum  yan 
er  two  o'  them  (trees).   Scoap.  p.  194,  line  9. 

Clunch,  c,  ec  (kluonch).     Clun- 
cher-lugs,   c  —  A  heavy  stupid 
person  or  animal. 
He  co't  em  for  a  girt  cluncher  lugs. 

Scoap.    p.  3,  line  6. 

Clwose-steul,  g.  (klwaus-stiuol) 
— A  night-commode. 

Clwoze,   c,   EC,   nw.   (klwatjz). 
Clooaz,  sw.  (klooaz)  —  An  en- 
closed pasture  field. 
We  loaded  hay  tee  in  yon  three-nuickt 
clwose.  Clark — Seymon.    line  51. 


72 


Co',  a,  nw,  e.  (kau).  Caa,  n.,  sw. 
(kaa) —  Need,  right,  necessity; 
business ;  visit.  The  noise  produced 
by  the  leakage  of  air  through  an  air- 
way that  is  too  small  (R.W.M.) 

He  hes  nea  co'  to  deuh  it.      S.D.B. 

Ah  saw  nae  call  to  tell  her. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    I.    p.  63. 

Routing  an'  grouting  at  what's  nae  call 
of  yours.        Todhunter's.    p.  276,  line  17. 

—To  (1)  visit,  call;  (2)  scold;  (3) 
proclaim.  A  child  does  not  under- 
stand the  question  "  What  is  your 
name  1 "  but  will  immediately 
answer  to  "  What  do  they  call 
you  1 "  To  co'  fwoke  oot  o'  ther  neame 
is  to  abuse  them,  and  is  similar  to 

MISCO'. 

I  (1)  co't  at  Skeal-hill  i'  my  rwoad  heam. 
Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  8. 

Mey  mudder  (1)  caws  me  peer  deyl'd  guff. 
Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  4. 

He  (2)  co't  em  for  a  girt  cluncher  lugs. 

Scoap.    p.  3,  line  6. 

T  th'  kurk-garth,  the  dark  (3)  caw't  his 
seale.       Anderson — ClayDaubin.   Stz.  4. 

Complainant  said  defendant  called  her 

OUT  OF  HER  NAME. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Oct.  18.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Coald  deed,  g. — Quite  dead. 

Some  cried  out  he  was  slain, — 

Cauld  deed  that  neeght. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  37. 

Coald  fire,  G. — Fuel  laid  ready  for 
lighting. 

Coald  pie,  c,  n.,  ec.  (kauld  paai). 
Penny  pie,  N.,  e. — A  fall  on  the  ice. 

In  winter,  the  spwort  daily  wish'd  for, 
was  sleydin, 
Tho'  shiv'rin,  we  oft  gat  a  sad  penny- 
pye.         Anderson — Youth.   Stz.  3. 

Some  just  ran  aboot  as  best  they  could  to 
keep  theirsels  warm,  an'  gat  many  a  coald 
pie  intill  t'  bargain. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  12.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


Coald  short — The  iron  produced 
from  bog  ores  is  of  a  brittle  nature, 
particularly  when  cold,  and  is  called 
cold  short.  Hist.  Cumb.    I.    p.  51. 

Coalmouth  :  see  Bluffin. 

Co'  a  seal,  g. — To  sell  by  auction. 

He  wad  co'  a  seall  ...  he  was  gaan  to 
strike  off  a  lot  "goin." 

Dickinson — Lamplugh.   p.  5,  line  15. 

Coaver,  g.  (kau.vur')— A  cow  in 
calf  or  that  has  calved. 

Cob,  b.  (kaub) — A  small  and  gener- 
ally circular  piece  of  turf,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  oblong  flack. 
w.h.  (w.)  A  small  bun  made  of 
the  same  dough  as  the  household 
loaves,  used  at  dinner  one  to  each 
guest  (J.  Ar.).  See  Cloggins. 
With  a  shovel  .  .  .  lifted  another  cob  of 
turf  on  to  the  fire.  Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  21. 

— c,  ec  ,  sw.,  nw.  (kaub)— To  kick 
on  the  posteriors,  to  beat,  (sw., 
E.)  To  pull  the  hair. 
Harry  Robbie  .  .  .  brak  Mart  Kass  arm 
...  an  gat  cobbt  oa  t'  way  heaam  for  't. 
Scoap.    p.  3,  line  3. 

Cobblement,  e. — Bad,  untidy  work. 
It's  nowt  but  cobblement. 

Pen.  Obs.    Dec.  21. 

Cobble  stean,G.(KAUB.u'L  stiaan). 
Kidder,  Cckm.  (kiddhtj'R')  —  A 
stone  rounded  by  water. 
Ah'll  block  theh  wid  a  kidder.    J.B. 

Between  the  macadam  and  the  channel, 
there  were  cobbles. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Dec.  29.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

T'  cobble  steeans  wor  left  liggin  howe- 
strowe  amang  t'  brackens. 
Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns,   p.69,  line  13. 

Cobble  up,  g.  (kaub.u'l  uop)— To 
do  work  roughly  and  hastily. 

Cobby,  c,  sw.,  EC.  (kaub.i) — Head- 
strong, obstinate.  Applied  to  a 
thick-set  person,  or  said  in  dis- 
praise of  a  horse  which  is  coarsely 
made. 


73 


"  A  cobby  lad,"  an  obstinate,  though  he 
may  be  also  a  fine  natured  lad,  but  one 
who  must  have  his  head. 

Lake  Country.  App.  I. 
He's  a  bit  too  cobby  o'togidder  to  please 
me.    J.  Ar. 

Cock,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (kauk)— To  sit 
bashfully,  or  unobserved ;  to  hold 
erect. 

Ah  cockt  on  im  me  seat  adoot  takken 

mickle  nwotish  eh  what  was  gaan  forret. 

Scoap.    p.  163,  line  4. 

She  cocks  her  belly  when  walking. 
Anderson — Fellows  roun  Torkin.   Stz.  12. 

Cock-a-lilty,  c,  n.,  nw.,  ec.  (u-lil.- 
ti).  Cock-a-linty. — In  a  merry 
mood  ;  carelessly  balanced  on  the 
shoulder.  W.H.  states  that  these 
words  "  are  used  indifferently  in 
various  parts  of  the  County  in 
both  senses."  A  person  acting 
and  talking  foolishly  would  be 
called  a  cockalilty  (r.w.).  Obsolesc. 

O'  kinds  o'  things  in  girt  geggins  'at  they 
carry  cock-a-linty  atop  eh  ther  shooder. 
Scoap.    p.  224,  line  7. 

Cockan',  g. — Cock  fighting. 

But  cockin's  still  be  mey  deleyte. 

Anderson — Cockfeght.    Stz.  11. 

Cock-crow-land,  E. — Superior  croft- 
land  over  which  the  cock  exult- 
ingly  leads  his  harem. 

Cock  drunks,  c,  nw.  (dr'UONKs). 
Hen  drunks,  c. — The  fruit  of  the 
mountain  ash  is  reputed  to  possess 
the  property  of  intoxicating  fowls. 

Cock  dyke  :  see  Cock  gard. 

Cockelty ,  g.  (kauk.U'lti).   Cockly, 
c,  N,  e.  (kauk.li)— Unsteady  ;  on 
a  precarious  foundation. 
A  cockelty  little  hat  set  on  the  top  of 
her  nose.  Todhunter's    p.  262,  line  8. 

Cocker,  g.  (kauk.U'r) — One  who 
trains  fighting  cocks,  a  cockfighter. 
The  cocker  was  a  man  of  authority  and 
duly  esteemed  in  his  neighbourhood. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  6,  col  3. 


Cockermouth— At  Keswick  a  man 

asks    for    a    Cockermouth    when   he 

wants  a  large  glass  of  ale.    j.b. 

Cock  feighters,  g.  (faei.tthu'rz)— 
The  seed  stems  of  "Rib  girse,"  well 
known  to  children  who  amuse 
themselves  by  striking  the  heads 
one  against  another  until  the  stalk 
breaks. 

Cock  fleuk  :   see  Brett. 

Cock  gard,  c,  sw.  Rice,  c,  nw. 
(raais).  Cock  dyke,  n,  e—  A 
mode  of  hedging,  the  same  as 
Stower  and  Yedder. 

Cock  hardy,  g. — Red  male  Three- 
spined  Stickleback,  (g.d.) — Gaste- 

rosteua  ac  idea  tus. 

Cockin,  G. — Brisk,  pert. 

And  fix  fause  hair  upo'  their  cockin  crowns. 
Clark — Faithful  Pair.    Stz.  3. 

Cock  leaf,  c,  wc,  sw.  (liaaf) — A 
loaf  especially  prepared  for  the 
purposes  of  feeding  fighting  cocks. 
It  was  made  of  white  flour,  eggs, 

.  sugar  and  other  ingredients,  but 
no  yeast,  baked  in  an  oven  and 
then  murled  as  wanted,     j.b. 

Cockling,  e. — Cheerful,  boasting. 

Cock  loft,  g.  (lauft).     High-sky 
parlour,  nc.    The  top  attic  where 
cocks  have  occasionally  been  kept 
in  cockfighting  times. 
Sec  dancin  we'd  hev  i'  the  cock-loft. 

Anderson — King  Roger.    Stz.  2. 

Cockly  Bur  :   see  Bur. 

Cockly -jock  :   see  Duck. 

Cock- main.  — Name  of  a  contest  in 
which  several  pairs  of  cocks  were 
matched  against  each  other. 

Ellwood. 
Our  young  gam  cock  the  main  hes  won  \ 
He  gar't  tern  aw  leyke  cowards  run. 

Anderson — Cockfeght.    Stz.  1. 


74 


Cock -mantle,    (maan.titl)  —  To 
crow  over,  to  bully.     Obs. 
I'll  larn  thee  to  cock-mantle  will  I! 
An'  teach  thee  better  manners,  Billy! 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,    p.  177,  line  1. 

Cock-me- dainty,  g.  ;  and  Prick- 
ma-dainty. — A  pert  and  showily 
dressed  girl  or  young  man.  Fas- 
tidious. 

Theer  ur  some  prick-me-dainty  carryans 
on.  m  W.C.T.   1898,  July  9.   p.  8,  col.  5. 

Cock  o'  th'  north.  Moontain  Cat- 
loal,  n.  (kaat.laul).  Obs. — 
Brambling  bird — Fringilla  montifrin- 
gilla.    See  Fell  Sparrow. 

Cock-penny,  g  —  The  fee  paid  by 
scholars  to  the  master  in  Cumber- 
land Parish  Schools,  to  be  staked 
upon  the  annual  school  cock  fight, 
fought  upon  Fassen's  Even.  Obs. 
Ellwood. 

Cock  row,  g.— The  row  of  small 
cocks  formed  by  raking  together 
the  swaythes  into  a  windrow,  and 
dividing  them  into  small  heaps  or 
cocks.  In  some  parts  cockrow  refers 
to  the  windrow  even  before  cock- 
ing. The  raking  together  is"puttin 
in."     See  Seang. 

Cock  steul,  s. — A  kind  of  stocks  for 
the  punishment  of  female  scolds. 

Cock's  stride,  G.  (straeid). 

When  the  clays  begin  to  lengthen  20 
minutes  or  so,  they  say  they  are  longer 
by  a  cock's  stride.  J.  Nelson,  Jr. 

Cock-sure,  g.  (sioo.u'R' ;  shioo.U'R') 
— Perfectly  certain. 
Is  teh  whyte  suer  aboot  that?     Dooant 
be  sa  cock-suer.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  10. 

Cockswunters,  G.  (wuon.tthu'R'z) 
Cocks  dillies  (dil.iz) — An  ex- 
clamation of  surprise :  same  as 
G-ocks. 

Cockswunters  !  when  he  com  oot — I  fairly 
trimmel't.    Richardson,  2nd.   p.  9,  line  18. 

Cock  tail't  horse  :  see  Set  tail't 
horse. 


Cock  throppled,  E.,  Ws. -^Having 
the  "  Adam's  apple  "  largely  de- 
veloped. 

Cock  up,  G. — To  hold  erect. 

An'  she  cocks  up  her  chin. 

Gibson — Grayson.    Stz.  2. 

Cock  walk,  G.  (w auk)— During  the 
rage  for  cockfighting,  young  game 
cocks  were  sent  out  with  one  or 
two  hens  each  among  the  friends 
of  the  owner,  to  be  kept  at  some 
retired  shed  or  hut  till  ready  to  be 
trained,  and  this  was  the  "walk." 

Cock  web  :   see  Attercop. 

Cod,  g.  (kaud)— A  pillow,  hassock, 
pincushion. 

"  What  er  you  makkin'  ?  "    "  Whey,  a  fin- 
cod  for  needles ! "  S.D.B. 

— (a,  EC.)  A  man  cods  a  plank  up 
when  he  sets  it  up  on  a  couple  of 
bricks.     E. — To  tease. 

Codbait :   see  Casebait. 

Coddle,  G.  (kaud.U'l)— To  embrace 
with  the  arms  round  the  neck. 
Thus  coddel't  Keat  Crosstet. 

Gibson — Sneck  Posset.    Stz.  1. 

Coddy,  c,  b.,  e.,  nw.  (kaud.i.) — A 
young  foal. 

Codge,  c,  sw.  (kauj)— To  botch, 
mend  clumsily. 

They  found  they  had  no  shoes  to  codge. 

E.D.D. 

Codger  (kauj.U'r)— (c.)  One  who 
dodges,  a  dodger  ;  (a,  sw.)  one 
who  repairs  in  a  clumsy  manner. 

Codlins  and  cream,  c,  (kaud.linz 
u*n  kr'eem)  —  The  great  Hairy 
Willow-herb. — Epilobiuw  kirtutum, 

Cofe  heed,  g.  (kauf  eed),  sw.  (ied) 
— A  foolish  person. 
Witness  called  him  a  oalt-hbad. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Sept.  14.    p.  3,  COL  7. 


75 


Cofe-lick't,  G.  (kauf-likt)— When 
the  human  hair  grows  perversely, 
it  is  said  to  be  calf-licked.  The  hair 
of  a  calf  or  cow  remains  for  some 
time  in  the  direction  of  the  last 
licking  by  the  animal's  tongue. 

Cofe  lye,  c.  (kauf  laai),  and  Cofe 
Iyer,  c.,nw.(laai.U'R')— The  womb 
of  the  cow. 

Cofe -nope,  c.  (kauf-naup)— A 
rough  blow.     Cf.  Coo-bat. 

Ah'll  gie  thi  t'  cauf-nope.   Pen.  Obs.  Dec.  14. 

Cofe  trunnels,  c  ,  &  (kauf  tr'uon.- 
uxs) — Entrails  of  the  calf  selected 
and  cleansed,  shred  and  seasoned, 
and  made  into  a  pie. 

Coffening  :   see  Chesting. 

Cog,  c.  (kaug) — A  lump  of  some- 
thing soft,  as  clay.  See  Cloggins. 
A  girt  cog  o'  Dutch  cheese. 

W.C.T.X.,  1897.    p.  13.,  col.  1. 

A  great  cog  of  peat  smouldering  in  a  grate. 
W.C.T.    1899,  March  25.    p.  2,  col.  3. 

Cog,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (kaug).  Cogie,  N. 
(kaug.i).  Keg,  sw.  (keg)— A  pail 
with  one  handle  for  holding  milk. 
An'  Crummie  keeps  our  cogie  fou'. 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.  Ardenlee.  Stz.  4. 

Coggers  :   see  Scoggers. 

Co'in',  G.  (kau.-ln) — A  scolding. 

Co'  i  the  court,  c,  N.,  sw. — The 
customary  tenants  are  required  to 
answer  to  their  names  when  called 
in  the  manorial  court,  and  this  is 
termed  having  a  co'  i  the  court,  and 
implies  being  a  yeoman  or  his  re- 
presentative. 

Coitleth,  b.,e.  (kauit.luth)— Cloth 
for  a  coat. 
Here,  maister,  buy  a  coitcloth  here. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  12. 

Coke,  G.  (kauk).  Grains,  (graenz) 
— Dung  of  the  otter. 


Coker,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kau.ku'R').  Caa" 
ker,  c,  sw.,  n.  (kaa.ku'r)— Calker ; 
a  rim  of  iron  for  protecting  the 
soles  of  clogs. 

The  clogs  the  prisoners  were  wearing  had 
no  c aukers.  C.  Patr.  1894,  Jan.  12.  p.  3,  col.  2. 

Clasps,  an  clog-coKERS;  an  snootbands. 

Scoap.    p.  11,  line  1. 

Cokert,  g. — Having  cokers  on. 

An'  they  said  tfiat  sum  e'en  double-coKER'T 
the'r  shun ! 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  211,  line  4. 

Clogs,  or  strong  calkered  shoes. 

Cumbriana.     p.  146,  line  11. 

Cokes,  Ns.,sw.(kauks) — The  points 
that  are  turned  down  on  a  horses' 
shoe  to  prevent  slipping. 

Cole,  Ns.  (kaul) — To  hollow  out ; 
to  put  in  shape. 

Colfin,  n.,  nw. — A  gun-wad. 

In  the  old  muzzle-loading  days,  among 
country  people  in  Cumberland  it  was  gene- 
rally a  colfin  that  followed  the  powder 
and  shot.      J.B.S. 

Collogue,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (kaulau.g) — 
A  secret  conversation. 
"  They  hed  monnie  a  collogue  tagidder." 

— To  plot,  confederate  ;  secretly  con- 
verse. 
They  colloged  a  bit  tagidder. 

T'  Invasion,    p.  5,  line  9. 

Collop   Monday,  g—  The  Monday 
before  Lent,  when  collops  are  usu- 
ally prepared  for  dinner. 
On  Collop  Monday,  .  .  theear  was  collops 
o'  bacon  for  t'  dinner. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  2.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Collops,  g.  (kaul.uts) — Lumps  or 
slices  of  meat.  Also  used  in  the 
singular  for  meat  in  general. 

Na,  na — aw'd  titter  ha'  collop  than  pud- 
ing  any  day  .  .  .  mess  wad  aw ! 

Ferguson,    p.  173. 

I  keept  pangin  mesel  wid  ham  collops 
an' eggs.      Joe  and  Landlord,  p.  5,  line  17. 


76 


Collorake,  g.  (kaul.U'R'IA ak).  Col- 
rake,  a,  sw,  nw.  (kaul.riaak). 
CorJ.ak,  c.  (kaur'.laak).  Cwol 
scrat,  c.  (kwaul-skr'aat)  and 
Scrapple,  c. (skr'aap.ux).  Cow- 
rak,  sw.  (kaur.aak).  Colrock, 
E. — An  iron  scraper  ;  coal  rake. 
"  What  may  a  scrapple  be  ?  '.'  when  the 
girl  came  out  with  a  small  coal-rake,  to 
which  the  old  dame  pointed,  saying, " Whe, 
that's  what  a  scrapple  may  be  !  " 

Cumbriana.    p.  67,  line  8. 

T"  refuse  was  drawn  oot  wid  a  cwoal- 
reake.       C.Pacq.   1893,  June  29.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

He  meade  off  gaily  fast  for  yam,  tagidder 
wid  a  coller  reak  which  t'  irate  land- 
leady  sent  efter  him. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Sept.  14.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Collow :   see  Calavine. 

Colting,  ne. — A  demand  for  pay- 
ment of  a  fee  of  five  shillings  by- 
each  new  member  at  the  Gilsland 
"Barony  Court"  dinners. 

Comical,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (kaumjku'l) — 
Pert ;  ill-tempered. 
Her  comical  ower-wurd  "  M'appen  I  may." 
Gibson — Dinah  Grayson,    p.  32,  line  4. 

Com  on,  g.  (kaum  Aun)— Became 
of,  happened  to. 

"  What  com  on  thee  yesterday  ?  " — Where 
were  you  ? 

Con,  sw.,  EC.  (kaun)— A  squirrel. 

Conny  :   see  Canny. 

Consate,  G.  (kaunsae.t) — To  sup- 
pose. 

"  I  consate  you're  a  stranger  hereaway." 

It's  Preston,  ah  consait. 

Scoap.    p.  23,  line  5. 

Convoy,  w.,  nw. — A  railway-brake, 
chiefly  used  on  the  Whitehaven 
coal-pit  tramways. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Coo,  c,  nw.,  e.  (koo).  Co  we,  c,  n., 
nw.,sw.(kaaw)— To  intimidate  or 
to  place  in  subjection,  "  tak  t'  coo  " 
is,  to  lose  heart. 


He  coo't  that  girt  black-leuckan  fella. 

Scoap.    p.  67,  line  18. 

"  He's  teann  t'  cowe."  "  I  do  hope  he  takes 
the  calf  too  ?  "  "  It's  nit  our  coo.  He's 
teann  t'  cowe,  and  knockt  under.*' 

Cumbriana.    p.  94,  line  10. 

Coo-ban,  G.  (baan).  Coo-bo. — 
A  large  horseshoe-shaped  wooden 
collar,  generally  of  ash,  to  fasten 
cows  to  the  bewce.  It  was  fastened 
to  a  stake  called  a  rid-stake.  The 
two  ends  hung  downwards  and 
were  joined  by  a  cross  piece  called 
the  catch,  and  remained  fastened 
by  the  elasticity  of  the  bow. 

Ellwood. 

Aw  t'  coobands,  an'  hoops,  an'  gurds,  an' 
things  o'  that  mak,  war  mead  o'  wood  i' 
them  days.  Richardson,  1st.  —  Willie 
Cooband.    p.  44,  line  9. 

Coo-bat,  c,  nw.,  se.  (baat)  —  A 
coward's  blow,  similar  to  Cofe-nope. 
"  Give  him  his  coo-bat."  It  is  the  gage 
o'  battle  on  a  smo  scale. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  7. 

Cook,  b.  (cuk)— To  imitate  the  call 

of  the  cuckoo. 

Coo  geat :  see  Great. 

Coom,  c,  ec.  (koom)  —  A  hollow 
scooped  out  of  a  side  of  a  moun- 
tain, (a,  e.,  w.,  b.)  The  debris  of 
coal,  shale.  (c.,ne.)  Dust  e.g.  peat- 
coom,  saw-cooM.  See  Peat  mull. 
We  war  varra  nar  scumfish't  wid  t'  reek 
fra  t'  burnin'  whins  or  peat,  or  smaw 
coAM-cwoal.       W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  18,  col.  1. 

Coomins,  c,  N.  Coom  cardins,  N. 
— Wool  once  carded. 

Coom  cards,  n.  (koom  kaar'D-z) — 
The  first  and  coarsest  cards  used 
in  carding. 

Coont,  g.  (koont).  Cawwnt,  sw. 
(k aoont).  Cun,  c,  n. — To  count ; 
account,  take  account  of ;  practise 
arithmetic. 


77 


"I  count  nought  o'  sec  wark" — I  hold 
it  in  no  esteem. 

"  He's  a  geud  scholar,  he  can  read  write 
an'  coont  first  rate." 

Threescwore  an'  two  he  hed  just  coontit 
oot.         Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  2. 

An'  Wully  cunn'd  owre  six  scwore  pun. 
Anderson — Feckless  "Wully.   Stz.  5. 

Coont  him  thanks,  g.  (koont 
thaanks  or  thenks) — To  requite 
a  favour :  "  The  cleil  coont  him 
thanks."  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Generally  used  with  a  negative,  thus  : 

"  He    COONTIT    HIM    NEAH    THANKS   for   his 

wark"  .  .  he  was  ungrateful.  The  quota- 
tion from  Lake  Country  implies  "  Let  the 
devil  he  grateful,  for  I  am  not."    S.D.B. 

Coontin',  g.  (koo.ntu'n)— Arith- 
metic. 

Coop  board :  see  Car-end-bwoard 
and  Cowp. 

Coo-sinkin,  Obs. — The  oxlip — 
Primula  elatior. 

Coo  stmplin,  c.  (straap.lin) — The 
cowslip  —  Primula  vcris.  Nearly 
obsolete. 

Coo  tee,  G.  (tee) — Cow  tie  :  a  rope 
for  fastening  the  hind  legs  of  a 
kicking  cow  during  the  operation 
of  milking ;  formerly  made  of 
horse-hair. 

Cop,  c,  sw.,  w,  n.  (kaup)  —  The 
top ;  a  peak,  a  conical  hill :  as 
Coulderton  cop,  Kiniside  cop.  (g.) 
A  capture  (slang). 
Ah'  doo'ant  mind  telling  yeh  aboot  yan  o' 
cleanest  cops  ah  ivver  got. 

W.C.T.X.    1898.     p.  5,  col.  4. 

— G. — To  capture. 

Coppy,  G.  (kaup.i) — A  coppice. 

Jobby  was  "  aboot  hands  sumwheres  "  in 
Minshull's  coppy. 

Lizzie  Lorton.   III.   p.  113,  line  6. 

— sw. — Turned  upwards,  tilted. 

E.D.D. 


Coppy  steul,  g.  (kaup.i  stiuol)— 
A  child's  three  or  four  legged 
stool. 

The  tables,  forms,  and  copy-stuils 
About  the  fluir  did  tumble. 

Rayson — Worton  Boggle.    Stz.  3. 

Copt,  c,  nw.  (kaupt),  and  Cop- 
heedit  (ee.dit)  —  Pert,  set-up, 
saucy.  Cop-heedit,  having  a  peaked 
crown,  like  many  polled  cattle,  or 
some  birds. 

Cop  up,  c,  nw.,  sw.,  EC. — To  over- 
take, come  up  with. 
They  started  off  an  hoor  afoor  me,  but  ah 
soon  copt  up  tull  them.      E.D.D. 

Corby,  c,  nw.,  n.  (katlr'Bi)  Dawp, 
e.,nw.(dauwp) — The  carrion  crow 
—  Corvus  corone ;  formerly  known 
(nc.)  as  the  raven,  then  later  on, 

as  Black  neb  (J.  Ar.).      Cf.  Cro'. 
Ye're  doon  upon  me  like  ony  coRBY-craw 
set  on  pickin'  oot  a  sheep's  e'en. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  20,  line  2. 

Its  a  nasty  word  fer  nasty  fooak  as  weel, 
seek  as  a  girt  mucky  daup. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Cord   bed,  g.     Twitch  bed.— In 

place  of  the  laths  of  the  wooden 
beds,  a  sheet  of  strong  canvas  sup- 
ported the  mattrasses,  and  this 
was  connected  with  the  frame- 
work by  short  cords ;  the  cords 
were  tightened  at  will  by  means 
of  a  bed-twitch.  Sometimes  there 
was  no  canvas,  and  the  cords  ran 
across  from  side  to  side,  and  from 
head  to  foot.  Such  beds  are  now 
very  scarce. 

Corf,  g. — A  basket  made  of  hazel 
rods,  used  for  conveying  the  coal 
out  of  the  pits,  prior  to  the  intro- 
duction of  tubs  made  of  wood, 
iron  or  steel. 

Corker,    g.   (katj.R'KU'R')  —  Some- 
thing very  appropriate,  a  settler. 
"  That  is  a  corker." 


Corkin',  g.  (kau.R'KIN) — A  severe 
beating. 

Corlak  :   see  Collorake. 

Cornage,  Gh  Horngeld,  Nowte- 
geld. — Rent  paid  by  certain  cus- 
tomary lands  towards  the  cost 
of  a  person  to  watch  for,  and  give 
notice,  by  blowing  a  horn,  of  the 
approach  of  an  enemy. 

Corp,  c,  sw,  nw- To  die. 

He'll  mappen  corp  on  t'  floor,  an'  they'll 
sweer  I've  puzzent  him. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.     p.  4,  col.  2. 

Corp  coomin  :   see  Berryin. 

Cot,G.(KAUT).      Cote,C.,NW.(KAUT) 

A  hut  or  humble  dwelling.  The 
word  is  frequently  found  as  the 
name  of  places  bordering  on  the 
Solway,  e.g.  Raby  Cote,  Sea  Cote 
(Ell  wood). 

We'll  try  to  shew  girt  fwok  content  in  a 
cot.  Anderson — Matthew  Macree.  Stz.6. 
East  Coat,  about  a  mile  north  of  Silloth  on 
the  shore,  is  the  place  where  Blind  Stagg's 
Bridewain  was  held  at,  or  Cwoat  Wedding. 
It  is  about  96  years  since  it  was  held.  J.H. 
Then  down  to  th'  Cwoate,  for  t'  other 
slwote, 
They  gallop  yen  an'  a'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  8. 

— c,  sw.,  EC. — To  wait  on  a  sick  per- 
son ;  to  saunter  about  home. 
"  He  cots  on  about  heam." 

Cot-hoose,  c,  ws,  ne.  (kaut-oos)— 
A  small  cottage. 

If  she  likes  you,  she'll  follow  you  to  a  cot- 
hoose.    Graham — Red  Scaur.  1896.  p.  275. 

Cotter,   g.  (katjtth.tj'R')  —  To   en- 
tangle ;  to  meet  together. 
"  It  was  cotter't  like  an  oald  wig." 

Cotterel,  g.(kautthu'R'U'l) — A  pin 
or  small  wedge  for  securing  a  bolt; 
a  coin. 

T'  coopbwoord  top  was  sooa  smasht  up, 
at  t'  cottrel  was  neah  use  at  oa  fer  hod- 
den on  't  atop  eh  t'  skelvin  ends. 

SCOAP.     p.  217.  line  12. 


Cotterty,  c,  sw.,  n.  (kautth.ur'Ti) 
— Entangled,  matted. 
Cheggen  and  clippen  at  their  cotterty 
hair.        W.C.T.    1898,  Mar.  12.    p.  2,  col.  a 

Cottit,  c,  e.  (kaut.it).  Cottert, 
nw.  (kautth.U'R't)  —  Short  tem- 
pered. 

Cotton-nogger,  sw. — A  Lancashire 
cotton-spinner. 

Thou'lt  be  gude  for  nowt  but  a  cotton- 
nogger.       Lizzie  Lorton.  II.    p.  13,  line  6. 

Country-side,  g.  (kuon.tri  saaid) 
— Neighbourhood. 
Oh !  happy  is  the  country-seyde 
That's  free  frae  sec  leyke  fellows ! 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  11. 

All  the  country-side  knows  about  us  and 
our  families.       Two  Ways.    p.  11,  line  10. 

Court,  g. (kwuort) — A  small  railed- 
in  space  in  front  of  a  house. 

Courtship  and  Matrimony,  c.,sw. 
Meadow-sweet  —  Spin/'./  Ulmaria, 
has  been  so  called  from  the  scent 
of  the  flower  before  and  after  being 
bruised. 

Couthey,  g.(koo.thi)— Kindly,  com- 
fortable (applied  to  a  woman). 
A  varra  couthey  body.   S.D.B. 

Cowdy,  c,  EC.  (cou.di)— Better  fed 
than  taught;  in  high  spirits;  wan- 
ton to  a  high  degree.  Obsolesc. 
Our  nag  had  eaten  so  many  cwoals  it  was 
cowdy,  an  cantert  up  wi'  tya  end  an  down 
wi  tudder. 
Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,   p.  126,  line  2. 

Forgot  the  sensitiveness  of  the  defendant, 
and  referred  to  him  as  "  Gowdy  W — ." 

W.C.T.    1898,  Nov.  26.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Cowe  :  see  Coo,  Whin  and  Ling 
cowe. 

Cowey,  c.  (kauw.i).  Cow't  cow, 
c,  ec,  nw.  (kauwt-koo).    Dodt, 

C,  Ws.      Polly,  C,  E.,  Ws.  (PAUL.l). 

Doddy,    c,  n.— A   cow   without 


horns  ;  there  is  a  slight  difference 

between  a  polly  and  a  doddy  cow, 

for  the  latter  has  a  toppin. 

She  hed  neah  horns  at  aw, 

Ses  Gwordie,  "  Cowey's  up  f  years." 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  93,  line  3. 

Jwohn  Heyne  set  off  to  Worton  Rigg, 
A  randy'd  cowey  seekin'. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  41. 

Cowk :    see  Gowk. 

Cowl,  c,  sw.  (kauwl  ;  kaul)— A 
lump,  swelling  on  the  head  ;  an 
abscess. 

— G.  (kaawl)— To    scrape   with   a 
coal-rake,  to  rake. 
Saw  a  man  'at  was  alays  cowlin'. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  7. 

Cowlen,  c,  sw.,  nw.  (kauw.lun) — 
Heavily,    strongly    and    coarsely 
built. 
A  gurt  cowlen  chap. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  7 

Cowler,  c,  Ws.  (kauw.lur') — A 
heavy,  strongly-made  man. 

Cowp,  g.,  (kauwp).  Towp,  c,  E. 
(tauwp).  Towple  (tauwp.ul) — 
An  upset,  fall.  Cowp  in  the  Long- 
town  district  is  a  turn-over  cake 
baked  on  the  girdle. 
It  shows  man's  want  o'  fworeseeght  truly, 
In  not  consideran  matters  duely, 
And  gives  him  monny  ill-far'd  cowps. 

Stagg — Tom  Knott,    line  123. 

— To  upset;  overturn  (a.  and  intr.)  ; 
fall. 

Cowp  his  creels — "upset  his  applecart." 

J.  Ar. 

Coop't  heed  ower  tails  like  a  mountebank. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  147,  line  5. 

They  backed  the  cart  right  into  the  loft, 

and  cowped  the  sacks  out  on  to  the  straw. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  16,  col.  4. 

Tak  ivvery  body  et  gat  drunk  up  ta  t' 
troughs  wid  Jobby's  hand  car  an'  than 
toup  them  oot  inta  t'.  watter. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  3,  col.  4. 


Cowp,  G.    Swap  (swaap)— To  ex- 
change and  barter. 
Leyle  Sim's  geane  and  swapt  the  black 
cowt.  Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  12. 

Cowp- cart,  g.  (kauwp).  Coop- 
cart,  c,  sw.  (koop).  Teem-cart. 
— A  small  and  short  fellside  cart, 
which  by  means  of  a  mechanical 
arrangement  at  the  root  of  the 
shafts,  could  be  discharged  with- 
out unyoking. 

He  hed  a  girt  cask  o'  sperrits  in  a  coop 
cart.  Forness  Folk.    p.  44,  line  4. 

Cowper,  g.(kauw.pur')— One  who 
exchanges;  a  dealer,  generally  of 
the  more  disreputable  sort. 
Ther   wer  smugglers,  excisemen,  horse- 
cowpers.  Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.  Stz.  7. 

Cowper  hand,  c.,n.,nw.— The  upper 
hand ;  the  advantage,  as  of  a 
practised  chapman. 

Cowper  word,  g(wuord)— Having 
the  first  word,  or  the  word  that 
gives  the  advantage. 
He  wishes  in  his  heart  he  had  heard  it 
sooner,  then  he  would  have  had  the 
couper  word  with  the  young  pup. 

Rosenthal,    p.  197,  line  5. 

Cowpress,  ec.  (kauw.pres)— The 
fulcrum. 

If  Ah  could  nobbut  git  a  bit  o'  cowpras  it 
wad  siun  come.      Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  10. 

Cowrak  :   see  Corlak. 

Cowt,  g.  (kauwt) — A  colt ;  petted 
child. 
"Mother's  cowt." 

— Bare,  without  ornament  or  shelter; 
without  horns.     See  Cowey. 

Cow't  dyke,  c,  ec,  n.,  nw.  (kauwt) 
— An  earthen  fence  without  grow- 
ing wood. 

The  hedges  are  .  .  .  objectionable,   from 
their  being  so  generally  what  are  called 

COWED   DYKES.  HlST.  CUMB.     II.     p.  316. 


80 


Cow't  leady,  n.,  ec.  (liaad.i)  — 
Pudding  made  of  flour  and  lumps 
of  suet. 

For  dinner,  we'd  stewt-geuse  an  haggish  ; 
Cow't-leady. 

Anderson — Codbeck  Wed.    Stz.  13. 

Cow  t'  lowe.  c.  (kauw  tlauw)— 
Snuff  the  candle. 

Cow't  lword,  c,  n.,  nw.  (kauwt 
lwaur'd.     Stick  by  t'  rib,  c,  sw. 

(stik-beet-r'ib)  —  Pudding  made 
of  oatmeal  and  lumps  of  suet. 
Cowt-lword,  an  bannock,  an  butter-sops. 
Scoap.    p.  99,  line  7. 

Geordie  was  varra  fond  of  a  pudding — 
rib-sticker  as  he  cawt  it. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  24,  col.  4. 

Craa  teaz,  c,  n.  (kr'Aa-teeaz)  — 
Crow  toes,  or  the  early  purple 
Orchis  mascula. 

Crab,  c.  (kraab) — A  mixture  of 
grated  cheese,  vinegar,  and  mus- 
tard.     J.B. 

— e. — To  grumble,     j.p. 

— ec. — Sour-tempered,     j.p. 

Crab  Fair,  sw. — A  fair  held  nomin- 
ally for  the  sale  of  crab-apples,  at 
Egremont. 

Crack,  G.  (kraak) — Conversation, 
conference,  challenge. 
Went  with  "R —   M —  to  his  house  in 
Summer  Hill  "  to  have  a  crack  and  a  cup 
of  tea."      C.Pat.   1894,  July  13.    p.6,col.3. 

Many  were    the   grumbles   and   cracks 
against  the  powers  that  be. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

—  To  converse,  to  talk  about ;  to 
boast ;  restrain ;  challenge ;  do 
quickly ;  (with  up  or  on)  to  speak 
in  praise  of. 

He's  nowt  to  crack  on,  for  he  set  his  dog 
on  a  bit  lad  an'  wad  n'tcRACK'T  off  agean." 

While  they  wrowt  they  crack't  or  sang. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  66,  line  7. 


Keep  oot  o'  his  company  that  cracks  o' 
his  cheatrie.  Gibson,    p.  171. 

Nae  mair  he  cracks  the  leave  o'  th'  green, 
The  cliverest  far  abuin, 

Relph — Horace.      Bk.  I.,  ode  8,  stz.  2. 

The  kurn  supper  last  year  having  been 
much  cracked  of  it  was  decided  by  the 
committee  to  have  another. 

C.  Patr.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Sumtimes  being  crack't  on  be  t'  maister, 
an'  sumtimes  scoaldit. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  40,  line  9. 

Crack,  in  a  —  :  G. — Immediately, 
in  a  short  space  of  time. 
Ah  fettlet  up  me  hair,  an'  hed  it  (hat)  on 
in  a  crack.       Betty  Wilson,   p.  3,  line  11. 

Cracker,  g.  (kr'aak.U'R*)— A  small 
hard  biscuit ;  and  (a,  B.)  the  air 
vessels  of  the  Fucus  veslcvlusus  sea- 
weed. 

We  aw  gat  a  sup  o  punch  an'  a  cracker. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  13,  line  6. 

Cracket,  g.  (kraak.ut) — Cricket. 
A  superstition  used  to  prevail  that 
prosperity  comes  and  goes  with 
the  crickets,  (e.)  A  small  three- 
legged  stool. 
They  hedn't  fund  sa  mien  as  t'  shin  beean 

of  a  CRACKET. 

Gibson— Bannasyde.    p.  68,  line  :. 

The  girl  had  taken  her  seat  on  her  own 
little  cracket.   Rise  of  River,  p.  246,  line  2. 

Crack  o'  day  :  see  Gray  dayleet. 

Crack't,  g.  (kraakt) — Not  in  his 
right  senses. 

Cracky  back  :   see  Skipjack. 

Crad,  c.  (kraad)  and  Craddagh,  c, 
ec.  (kraad.aag)— A  troublesome 
child ;  anything  of  an  inferior  cha- 
racter. 

A  craddah  of  a  pleeace  like  this  could'nt 

be  mair  nor  yah  body's.   Scoap.  p.  41,  line  2. 

Ah  dud'ntwant  tehleaain  f  laal  craddah. 

Scoap.    p.  83,  line  6. 


81 


Crag,  G.  (kr'Xag)— The  face ;  the 
neck ;  the  jaw.  The  rough  steep 
face  of  a  mountain ;  as  a  place- 
name,  Dove  Crag,  Honister  Crag. 
"  He  hang  a  lang  crag  when  t'  news  com  " 
— he  put  on  a  long  face. 

An'  dealt  him  monny  a  wordie  smack 
Owr  seydes  an' shoulders,  craig  an' crown. 
Stagg — Tom  Knott,    line  80. 

They  whisselt  him  (fox)  be  t'  Iron  Crag. 
Dickinson— Lampl ugh.    p.  6,  line  2. 

Crag  fast,  Cs.,  sw.,  nw. — Said  of 
sheep  when  unable  to  move  back- 
wards or  forwards  on  the  mountain 
side. 

Sheep  sometimes  become  crag-fast — 
that  is,  they  climb  and  climb  from  one 
narrow  ledge  to  another — retreat  is  cut 
off.  Nature,    p.  127,  line,  3. 

Crag-neiik,  c,  e.,  sw.  (kr'Xag- 
niuok) — A  projection  or  corner, 
jutting  out  from  the  front  of  a 
precipice. 

Two  oald  yows  eh  t'  top  iv  a  crag-neuck. 
Scoap.    p.  22,  line  20. 

Crag  starlin',  c,  e.  (staa.rlin). 
Crag  Ouzel,  sw.  (oo.zu'l).  Fell 
throssel,  e.  Mountain  Crow. 
The  Ring  Ouzel — Morula  torquatus. 

Crake  berry,  a  (kraek-ber.i). 

filing  berry,  c. — Crow-berry — 
Empetrum  n ig r w m . 

Crammel,  g.  not  sw.  (kraam.U'l) — 
To  walk  as  if  the  feet  were  sore  ; 
to  do  anything  awkwardly ;  to 
scramble. 

She  yence  wad  hae  crammelt  an  writ  her 
awn  neame.  (She  once  could  have  written 
her  name  in  a  scrawling  manner). 

Anderson — Caleb  Crosby.    Stz.  3. 

Crammelly,  g.  not  s w.  (kr'aam.U'li) 
— Tottery,  unsteady,  lame. 

Crammels,  Crummels  :  see  Crob- 
bek. 

Cranky,  g.  (kr'AANKj).  Granky, 
E. — Crotchety ;  sickly  and  com- 
plaining.    Crazy. 

G 


How's  thy  mudder?"     "Nobbet   varra 
cranky  to-day." 

He  mebby  be  a  crankly  swort  iv  a  chap 
at  times,  when  whoke  bodder  em  ower 
mickle.  Scoap.    p.  163,  line  22. 

Cranky,  g. — Chequered.  The  grand- 
father of  Mr  Dickinson  was  called 
out  as  a  cavalry  or  yeomanry  sol- 
dier in  1745,  and,  like  his  neigh- 
bours, wore  a  check  linen  shirt 
with  white  frills  on  the  breast — 
then  called  a  cranky  sark ;  but  the 
ancient  garment  of  that  name  was 
made  of  home-grown  and  home- 
spun hemp. 

"Cranky  neck-cleath."  It  is  also  the 
name  of  a  particular  kind  of  stuff  formerly 
manufactured,  woven  irregularly  of  vari- 
ous colours,  and  used  for  chair-covers,  etc. 

SULLIVxVN.     p.  86. 

Lapt  my  cranky  neck-cleath  round  his 
heid.  Graham— Gwordy.  line  21. 

Crap  :   see  Creap. 

Cratch. :   see  Sheep-steul. 

Cravvick't,  sw.  (kr'aav.ikt)— 
Cramped.     See  Crobbek. 

A  walk  wad  tak,  to  streight  oor  legs, 
'At  cravvick't  war  wi  sitten. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  141,  line  7. 

Craw-coal,  e.  (kr'aa-koo-U'l) — 
A  kind  of  small  coal  somewhat 
resembling  anthracite,  taken  from 
the  upper  part  of  the  seam  in  the 
Alston  coal-pits,  and  used  for  burn- 
ing in,  lime-kilns,  and  making  up 
into  "  cats  "  ;  it  is  smokeless  but 
ashy. 
Craw-coal,  the  coal  of  the  district. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  215,  line  6. 

Creans  :   see  Crones. 

Creap,  c,  ec,  nw.  (krtaap).  Crop, 
(kr'aup).     Creup,  c,  n,  nw.  (kr'- 
iuop).     Crap,   n,  n.  (kraap)— 
Crept,  did  creep. 
I  creap,  an  gat  him  be  t'  cwoat-laps. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  12,  line  4. 


82 


The  auld  cwoley  dog  CRAPanunder  the  ash 
grate.  Pen.  Obs.    1887,  Mar.  29.    p.  6. 

"When  o'  was  duine,  I  cruep  to  the  car  seyde. 
Clark — Seymon.    line  35. 

He  growpt  aroond  a  laal  bit,  an  than  be- 
thinken  hissel,  crop  doon  stairs. 

W.C.T.X.    1894,  p.  7,  col.  1. 

Cree,  g.  (kr'Ee)— To  bruise  wheat 
or  barley  so  that  the  husks  fall  off. 
Some  wheat  mun  be  CREE'Tforafrummety 
dish.  Cumbriana.     p.  240,  line  4. 

Creeam,  g.  (kriaam) — To  repair  a 
crack  in  a  wooden  or  china  bowl 
with  wire. 

Dishes  were  meead  o'  wood,  an'  when  they 

gial'd  wi'  t'  heat  they  hed  to  be  criamed. 

Pen.1  Obs.    1898,  Dec.  7. 

Creean'  trough,  c, n,  sw.  (kreean 
trauf).  Knockin'  t.  (nauk.U'n). 
Knockin  steans,  nc. — Old  stone 
troughs  of  a  circular  or  semi- 
globular  form  may  still  be  found 
at  some  farm  houses ;  they  were 
used  for  the  creeing  or  crushing 
of  barley  into  meal. 
In  the  creein  trough,  aback  o'  t'  leath  door. 
Cumbriana.    p.  240. 

Creel,  c ,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (kr-eeu'l) — An 
ancient  horse  package ;  a  wicker 
basket  for  holding  peats,  carrying 
fish  etc. 
Bit  gie  me  a  fishin'  rod  an'  creel. 

Richardson,  2nd.   p.  108,  line  1. 

Now  muck's  to  be  cary't  in  hots  and  in 
creels.  Cumbriana.   p.  244,  line  1. 

In  the  middle  of  the  yard  stood  the  mare 
Betsy,  saddled  but  riderless  .  .  her  empty 
wooI-creels  strapped  to  her  sides. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  42,  line  4. 

— Not  n. — To  cower,  crouch. 

While  creelin'  by  t'  fences  for  shelter,  t' 

poor  sheep, 
In  t'  snowdrifts  war  hap't  up. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  131,  line  3. 


Creep,  g.  (kr'EEp)— The  upheaving 
of  the  floor  of  a  coalpit. 
Thou  wad  ha'  studden  a  vast  better  chance 
if  thou  hed  n't  setten  t'  creep  on  t'  pit. 

Cumbriana.    p.  1 17,  line  2. 

—To  huddle. 

Creeper,  g. — The  larva  of  the  May 
fly  or  Daddy-long-legs,  used  as  a 
bait  for  trout.    Also  (ec.)  andirons. 

Creepy-dyke  :   see  Dykie. 

Creuk,  c,  e.  (kriuok).  Creeak, 
n,  sw.  (kr'EEU-k)— A  hook;  in  the 
farm  houses  a  hook  was  suspended 
to  the  beam  in  the  chimney  by  a 
long  chain,  and  on  this  crook  were 
hung  the  heavy  pans  over  the  fire. 
A  rannel  boak  t'  wide  chimley  cross'tr ; 

An'  fra't  a  chain  some  three  yards  lang ; 
At  held  a  creuk 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57,  line  9. 

Creuk' t  axe,  g.  (kriuokt  aaks). 
Feut  axe — An  axe  having  the 
edge  turned  inwards ;  an  adze. 
Saws,  an  creuckt  axes,  an  chisels. 

Scoap.    p.  219,  line  8. 

Creun,  c,  N,  ec,  nw.  (kriuon). 
Creean,  sw. — A  low  murmur ;  the 
subdued  roar  of  the  bull. 
I  sang  "  Bleckell  murry-neet  "  nobbet  a 
cruin.  Anderson  —  Dawston  Player- 
Fwok.    Stz.  13. 

— To  croon,  to  sing  to  one's  self  in  an 
undertone,  as  does  a  child  or  a  half- 
drunken  person ;  also,  to  bellow. 
For  I  cruin'd  aw  the  way,  as  I  trottet 
alang, 
"  0  that  I  niver  kent  Barbary  Bell." 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  6. 

It  was  sooa  comical  teh  see  t'  fella  daderan, 
an  shacken,  an  creunnen,  an  greaanen. 

Scoap.    p.  18,  line  18. 

Hear  ye  how  loud  that  bull  crunes  ?  If 
all  the  kye  could  crune  together  would 
they  not  be  heard  from  Brough  to  Stane- 
more  ?  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Creup  :   see  Creap. 


83 


Creutel,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kriuot.u'l)— 
To  improve  slowly ;  "  creutelin  out," 
recovering  from  illness. 
Ah's  crutlen  oot  nicely. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  21. 

Crine,  c,  e.  (kr'AAIn) — To  overdo  in 
frying    or    toasting ;    to    scorch, 
shrivel. 
"  Thou's  crine't  it  tul  a  cinder." 

It  (hay)  often  consists  o'  bits  crined  to 
deeth  i'  t'  sun. 

C.Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  17.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Crinkelty-crankelty,  a,  e.,  nw. — 
Very  crooked,  zigzag ;  '  0'  in's  an' 
oots.' 

Cripple,  c,  sw.  (krip.U'l)  —  A 
wooden  cantilever  which  when 
fixed  to  a  wall  serves  to  support 
the  planks  of  a  builder's  scaffold. 
j.b.     See  Crobbek  and  Croopin. 

Crippy,  b.  (kb/ip.i) — A  four-legged 
stool. 
1  Bonny  lass,  canny  lass,  wilta  be  mine  ? 

Thou's  nowder  wesh  dishes 
Nor  sarra  the  swine  : 

But  sit  on  thy  crippy,'  etc. 

Cro',  g.  (krau).  Cra',  sw.  (kraa) 
— The  rook — Corvusfrugilegus.  For- 
merly called  White  nebbed  Cro'  (J.Ar.). 
Cf.  Corby. 

The  Rook  is  commonly  known  as  the 
Crow  in  Lakeland.    Fauna,   p.  156,  line  11. 

Croab't,  c,  e.,  sw.  (krwaubt)— 
Drunken. 

Crobbek,  c.  (kraub.U'k).  Crowik, 
sw.  (krauv.ik).  Cravvik,  n. 
(kr'aav.ik).  Cripple,  nw. 
^krip.U'l).  Crammels,  c,  nw. 
Jkr a am.U'lz).  Crummels ,  c,  sw. 
(kruom.U'LZ — A  form  of  muscular 
rheumatism  seen  in  cattle  that  are 
grazed  on  undrained  clay  or  mossy 
soils  deficient  in  saline  matter,  and 
on  which  the  animal  has  no  dry 
place  to  lie  down  upon ;  stiffness 
in  the  legs  and  body  is  the  result. 
u  Very  rare  now  "  (J.H.). 

G2 


Crobbek't;  etc. — Suffering  from 
Crobbek,  etc. ;  stiffened. 
When  cattle  walk  lame  and  seem  stiff  in 
their  joints,  they  are  said  to  be  crammelt. 

R.W. 

A  walk  wad  tak,  to  streight  oor  legs, 
At  cravvick't  war  wi'  sitten. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  141,  line  7. 

Crobs,  c,  sw.  (kraubz).  Shots, 
n,  e.,  nw.  (shauts)— The  worst 
of  the  flock ;  the  leavings,  the 
worst.  A  cROB-lamb  is  a  small 
lamb. 

For  shott  ewes  there  was  an  increasing 
price.       C.  Patr.   1894,  Oct.  19.   p.  2,  col.  3. 

Crock,  g.  (krauk.) — An  old  ewe. 

In  the  fell  districts  they  call  their  worn 
out  ewes  crocks.      J.H. 

— To  grow  feeble  and  decrepit  with 
age. 

A  man  showing  signs  of  age  is  beginning 

tO  CROCK.        J.H. 

Cro'  foot,  E.— Wild  Hyacinth— 
Agraphis  nutans. 

Croft,  g.  (krauft).    Deal,  b.  (diel) 
— A  field  close  to  the  house,  gener- 
ally level  and  of  good  quality. 
T'  croft  was  white  wid  dog-daisies. 

Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.    Stz.  1. 

Croft  land,  G. — A  range  of  fields 
near  the  house,  of  equally  good 
quality  with  the  croft. 

Croful,c.(KRAU.FUOL).   Craabeak- 

flll,  SW.  (KRAA  BEEAK.-FUOL)— A 

very  lean  person  is  said  to  have  a 
croful  of  flesh  on  his  bones. 
Yan  waddent  hev  a  crowful  of  flesh  on 
yan's  bones  an  yan  lived  up  here. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  81,  line  6. 

Crones,  c, e., nw.  (kratjnz).  Moss- 
berries,  c,  sw.  Creans,  n.,  sw., 
nw.  (kr'IENz)— Cranberries. 

Cronk,  c,  sw.,  e.  (kraunk)— The 
hollow  note  uttered  by  the  raven 
when  on  the  wing. 


84 


Crony,  G.  (krau.ni) — A  comrade, 
friend,  companion. 
He  was  met  at  the  door  by  some  of  his 
oald  CRONIES. 

Burn — Fireside  Crack,    p.  17,  line  5. 

Croo,  n.,ne.  (kr'Oo)— The  call  of  the 
black  grouse. 

Nae  muircock's  beck  nor  blackcock's  croo. 
Armstrong — Wanny  Blossoms. 

p.  7,  stz.  3. 

— To  call  as  one  black- grouse  to 
another. 

The  black-cock  is  crooing  on  Fernyrigg 
knowes. 

Armstrong — Wanny  Blossoms. 

p.  2,  line  12. 

Croodle,  c,  nw.  (kr'oo.du'l)  —  To 
crouch  as  in  old  age,  and  thus  to 
grow  shorter.     Cf.  Loutch. 
I  gat  ooer  t'  steean  fence  wi'  t'  gun  an' t' 
yars,  an'  croodel't  doon  aback  on't. 

Gibson— Oxenf ell  Dobby.    p.  92,  line  11. 

Bet  was  sitting  croudled  up  over  the  fire. 
"W.C.T.X.    1892.     p.  10,  col.  2. 

Croon,  c,  n.  (kr'OOn).  Crawwn, 
sw.  (kr'aawn) — To  top. 

While  clwose  behint  was  Reaven  crag, 
Wood  croon't  an'  owerhingin'. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  25,  line  7. 

Croopin, c.,e.(kr'OO.pu'n).  Crippin, 
sw.  (krip.U'n).  Cripple,  c,  n., 
nw.  (kr'IP.ux) — A  crupper. 

Croose,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw   (kr'oos) — 
Haughty  ;  set  up  ;  elated. 
Frae  Lunnon  town  she'd  just  come  down, 
In  furbelows,  an'  feyne  silk  gown  ; 
Aa,  man,  but  she  was  crouse  ! 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  6. 

Them  in  t'  hoose  hed  gitten  gayly  croozy 
be  this  time.  Cumbriana.   p.  8,  line  9. 

Crop :   see  Creap. 

Croppen,  g.  (kr'Aup.U'n)— Crept. 

"He  was  lang  varra  wankle  bit  he  gat 
croppen  out  agean"  —  he  had  grown 
stronger. 


Croppen  doon  —  denotes  the  shrivelled 
shrinkage  of  an  old  man's  frame.     J.  Ar. 

T'  feul 
A  hog-wholl  through  hed  croppen. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  143,  line  1. 

Come  nine  or  ten  months  before  the  latter 
end  .  .  .  the  final  scene  of  a  long  life — 
"he  hed  sair  croppen  in." 

Wrestling,    p.  133,  line  6. 

Croppen  horse,  g  (kr'aup.U'N 
[H]AUR's)and  Cropt  horse. — 

Formerly  it  was  considered  a  mark 
of  gentility  to  be  the  owner  of  a 
crop-eared  or  a  set-tailed  horse  for 
the  saddle. 

Croppin,  n.,  ne.,  sw.  (kraup.in)— 
The  crop  of  a  bird. 

Crop  sick,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kr'aup  seek) 
— Disorder  in  the  stomack. 

Cra'  silk,  W. —  Conferva  rlvularis  and 
other  delicate  green-spored  Algae. 

W.H. 

Cross-buttock, g.  (kraus.  buodjk) 
— As  differing  from  the  buttock,  the 
side  is  twisted  in,  and  so  twisted 
round  that  the  back  is  almost 
turned  to  the  opponent,  and  the 
leg  of  the  same  side  (left)  is  placed 
entirely  across  the  others  leg  (left). 

In  an  instant  the  position  of  the  two  men 
was  reversed,  a  sweeping  cross-buttock 
sending  Ward's  feet  "  fleein'  i'  the  air." 

Wrestling,    p.  129,  line  2. 

Cross  the  buckle,  Ns. — A  peculiar 
and  difficult  step  in  dancing. 
An'  danct  cross  the  buckle. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry  Neet.  Stz.  2. 

Cross-sticks  :  see  Buck-stick. 

Crotlins,  c,  Ns.  (krautxinz)— 
Crumbs,  (n.e.)  Crotlins  bears  the 
sense  of  bread  crumbs  in  large 
quantity,  whilst  crottels  implies 
only  crumbs  (R.W.). 
Try  to  cut  that  cheese  without  mnkkin 
sea  meny  crotlins.     J.H. 


85 


Crottels,  c,  e.  (kratjt.U'Lz) — Small 
lumps.  Sheep's  dung  used  to  be 
Called  Sheep's  crottels  in  the  Fell 
Dales  (J.  Ar.). 

Crottely,  c,  Na  (kr'AUT.li) — Crum- 
bly, lumpy. 
T"  rooads  is  varra  crotly. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  7. 

Crovvick :   see  Crobbek. 

Crow,  G.  (kr'AU.) — A  trivet  for  sup- 
porting a  pan  on  the  fire. 

Crowdy,  g.  (krauw.di)— Oatmeal 
mixed  with  the  fat.  of  broth  ;  a 
feed  of  seeds  and  meal  for  a  horse. 

But  keale  an'  poddish  weel  I  leyke, 
An'  wheyles  git  swops  o'  crowdy. 
Anderson — Corp'rel  Gowdy.   Stz.  1. 

He  went  ta  teutt 

Amang  t'  horses  an'  git  them  ther  crowdy 

an'  meal.  Cumbriana.    p.  12,  line  14. 

Crowk,  g.  (krauwk) — To  croak. 
1  The  guts  crowk'  when  the  bowels 
make  a  rumbling  noise. 

Shaf,  it  was  no'  but  his  guts  crowkin'. 

Son  of  Hagar.   III.    p.  3,  line  11. 

If  paddocks  crowk  in  t'  pow  at  neet 
We  may  expect  baith  win'  an'  weet. 

Saying. 

Crowkins,  c,  k,  ws  (kr'auw.kinz). 
Protlins,  nw.  (praut.linz)— 
The  refuse  left  after  lard  has  been 
refined. 

Crow-pez,  Ns.,  Es. — Seed  of  vetches. 

Cruel,  g.  (krioo.U'l) — Used  inten- 
sively ,  thus '  'Cruel  nice,  cruel  Ugly." 
Also  used  as  opposed  to  "  nice  " 
which  see:  "he  deet  a  cruel  deeth" 
meaning  that  the  struggle  was 
long  (J.B.). 

We  may  commonly  hear  such  examples 
as  a  terrible  fine  day  ...  a  cruel  nice 
woman.  Cumbriana.    p.  70,  line  12. 

I'se  a  cruel  seet  better. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  12,  line  6. 


— To  cover  a  handball  with  worsted 
or  thread  needlework. 
Udders  mebbe   wad  crewel  a  baw  for 
them.      C.  Pacq.   1893,  May  11.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Crummy,  G.  (kruomj).  Crum 
whorn't,  sw.  (kruom  hwaur'Nt) 
— The  horns  turned  towards  the 
eyes  :  a  cow  with  horns  as  stated. 
An'  up  to  t'  knees,  in  t'  watter,  steud 
Three  crummies  ruminatin'. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  26,  line  3. 

Gin  yeil  eat  that  digested  draff 
0  crummy  I  shall  quat  my  part. 

The  Daft  Bargain,    line  6. 

Crump,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (kruomp) — The 
sound  of  horse's  teeth  when  eating. 

— Brittle ;  crumbling. 

T'  snow  was  that  crimp  under  fuit,  you 
mud  ha'  thowte  you  were  in  t'  frozen 
regions.       C.Pacq.  1893,  Oct.  12.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  eat  noisily. 

A  flock  of  sheep  eagerly  crumping  in  a 
turnip  field.     C.  Jr.  1898,  June  24.  p.  5,  col.  6. 

Crusty,  g.  (kruost.i) — Ill-tempered. 

Cry,  n.,  e.,  Ns.  (kraei)  — To  call; 
(n.,  e.,  sw.)  make  a  passing  visit. 
"  Cry  the  lad  back."    "  Cry  in  as  ye  come 
back." 

Cryke,  c.,e.,nw.(kr'aaik).  Gryke, 
c,  ec,  sw.  (graaik) — A  crevice  or 
ravine  in  the  side  of  a  fell  or  hill. 
Also,  "A  nook  or  opening  formed 
in  the  sand  of  marshes  by  the 
tide  "  (Ellwood). 

Pyke  some  ore  out  .  .  .  thou'll  find  in  t' 
rock  grykes  amang. 

Cumbriana.    p.  251,  line  7. 

He  meade  tem  aw  laugh,  when  he  stuck 
in  a  creyke. 

Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.  Stz.  7. 

Cry  i'  the  kirk :  see  Ax  at  church. 

Cu'  bye,  G.  (ku'Baai)— Stand  out  of 
the  way  ;  come  by. 


86 


Cuckoo  an'  t'  laal  bird,  e.,  Ns. — 
"Extremes  meet."  The  idea  is 
taken  from  the  fact  that  the  cuckoo 
is  always  accompanied  by  a  small 
bird,  the  Meadow  pipit — (Anthus 
pratensis)  —  called  the  Cuckoo's 
Maid,  or  Mate.  A  man  and  a 
woman  unequally  matched  in  size, 
walking  together,  will  be  referred 
to  by  the  above  phrase. 

Cuckoo  bread  and  cheese,  c,  s., 
sw.,  e. — The  leaves  and  flowers  of 

the  WOOd  sorrel — Oxalia  acetosella. 

Cuckoo  spit,  g.  Tead  spit,  c,  n. 
(tiaad.  spit)  and  Spittle.— Frothy 
matter  seen  on  plants  in  early  sum- 
mer; the  breeding  places  of  the 
Tettigonia,  a  species  of  bettle. 

His  cleas  wer  a'  cuckoo  spit  wid  layan 
on't  gurse.   S.D.B. 

Cuddy,  g.(kuod.i).  Cud.— Cuthbert. 
Also,  an  ass,  a  simpleton,  (a,  E., 
ec,  sw.)— "She's  neah  cud"— she 
is  not  a  fool. 

There  was  yan  Cuddy  Fisher  .  .  .  though 
ah  nivver  heard  him  co't  Cuthbert  .  .  . 
afore.       E.C.News.  1894, Ap. 7.  p. 8, col. 6. 

He  was  as  Strang  as  a  cuddy  an'  as  num 
as  a  coo.      Richardson,  1st.   p.  21,  line  10. 

Cuddy  bustard,  nc.,  wc. — Buff-tip 
moth — Pygaera  buecpltala  (F.d.)  ;  the 
Eed-currant  moth — Abraxas  grossu- 
lariata  (G.D.).  (EC.)  All  kinds  of 
moths  (J.P.). 

Cuddy-hoolet,  ec,  sw.  Jack 
Hoolet,  sw. — The  Tawny  Owl — 
Symium  aluoo. 

Cue,  c,e.,nw.(kioo)— Trim,  temper. 

"  He's  i'  a  girt  cue  to-day." 

Cuff,  C,  E.,  sw.  (kuof).     Cluff,  c, 
Ns.,  e.  (kluf).     Clawwt,  SW.,  NW. 
(klaawt) — A   blow.      See    also 
Scruff. 
An  brong  snift'rin  Gwordie  a  cluff. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  7. 


— To  strike  without  malice. 

He  straive   to   buss  her  twice.  —  "Wa 

shaugh ! " 
Quo'  she,  an'  cluff'd  him  truly. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  14. 

Cuif.  Obs. — A  silly  person,  a  simple- 
ton. 

The  furst  young  cuif  I  ever  gat, 
Was  when  I  went  to  schuil ; 

I  meynd  his  buckles,  three  cock't  hat, 
A  peer  cat-witted  fuil. 

Anderson — Nathan.    Stz.  3. 

The  shrub  he  bore  by  cuifs  despised. 

Anderson — Tea.    1820.    Stz.  4. 

Cull — A  fool,  a  stupid  simple  fellow. 
E.D.D.    (Not  known  to  correspondents). 

Cum,  g. — When,  before,  or  until  it 
comes,  next  with  reference  to  some 
future  date  or  time. 
Tell  t'  priest  to  put  up  t'  banns  coome 
Sunday.  Rise  of  River,    p.  50. 

There'll  be  nae  weet  coom  morning. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  272,  line  11. 

He'll  be  five  come  Lammas.    J.  Ar. 

— g.  (kuom) — An  expletive,  indicat- 
ing impatience  or  encouragement, 
or  merely  interjectory. 

"Cum!    what  hes  ta   to  say?"     "Cum! 
0'  yer  healths  aa  wish." 

Cuman'  an  gangan',  G.  (kuom.U'N 
U'N'  gaang.un)  —  Tact,  manage- 
ment; a  person  obstinate  in  his 
own  opinion  has  no  coming  and  going 
in  him. 

Cum  at,  G.  (kuom  aat) — To  obtain ; 
come  to ;  attack. 

"  I  wantit  to  hev't,  bit  I  couldn't  come  at  it." 
"He  com  at  me  wid  a  gully." 
He  begon  leukin'  hard  at  oa'  t'  steans  an' 
craggs  we  come  at. 

Gibson— Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  2,  line  13. 

Cum-atable,  g.  (kuomaat.tjbu'L.) 
—Attainable,  a  word  of  modern 
origin. 


87 


Cum  by,  a  (kuom-baai)— To  cause 
a  reprisal. 

"It  '1  cum  bye  him."  It  will  visit  him 
hereafter. 

Cum  by  chance,  g.  (kuom  bee 
chaans)— An  illegitimate  child  : 
also  called  a  chance  or  chance  barn. 
A  supplementary  expression  is  to 
the  effect  that  such  a  child  "  is  gittan 
on  wrang  side  o'  t'  blanket."  Cf. 
Sittin'  up. 

Cumers  and  gangers,  g.  (kuom.- 

U'R'Z    U'N     GAANG.U'R'Z)— Visitors 

coming  and  going,  persons  who  do 
not  settle  down,  but  are  continu- 
ally moving  from  one  place  to  an- 
other. 

Cumidder  Obs.  (kuomjddhur')  : 
see  Ho. 

Cum-mether,  c.  (kuom.eddhur')— 
Godmother.     Seldom  used. 

Cummins,  c,  n,  nw,  b.  (kuomjnz). 
Maut  c,  c,  ws,  e.  (maut)— Malt 
cooms,  or  the  rootlets  of  barley 
when  malted. 

Cum  off,  canny  or  bonny  —  :  G. 

(kuom  auf) — A  ludicrous  and  un- 
expected turn  of  affairs. 
Here  was  a  bonny  cum  off. 

Scoap.   p.  95,  line  10. 

Cum  on,   g.  (kaum  aun)— (1)  To 
prosecute ;  (2)  get  on,  manage. 
"  He  (1)  come  on  Jemmy  for  brekkan  a 
yat  and  gat  seb'm  shillin'." 

Hoo  he  (2)  com'  on  at  neet,  Ah  cannet  tell. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  35,  line  8. 

Cum  ower,  g.  (auw.u'r) — To  get 
the  better  of;  to  hit. 
I's  nut  t'  chap  to  try  to  cum  ower  an  oald 
jolly  jist.     Gibson — T  Reets.   p.  7,  line  13. 

To  com  ower  his  lug.         Dickinson.   1856. 

Cum  thy  ways,  g.  and  Cum  yer 
ways  in — An  usual  invitation  ; 
come  in  and  welcome. 
"  Come  thy  ways  in  bonny  laal  barn." 


Cum  yer  ways,  an'  ye  shall  hev  a  rare  gud 
dinner.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  61,  line  10. 

Cuh  thee  ways  inside ;  oor*wife  will  be 
terrable  pleast  teh  see  thee. 

Scoap.    p.  6,  line  22. 

Cum't  milk,  g.  (kuomt-milk)— Milk 
curdled  with  rennet  and  seasoned. 
The  stomach  of  a  calf  used  for  curdling 
milk  into  come  milk. 

Lake  Country.   App.  I. 

Cum  t'  time,  g.  (kuomt-taaim)— 
When  the  day  or  time  comes. 
"  It  '11  be  three  year  come  t'  time." 

Cum  what  cum  may,  g.  (kuom 
waat  kuom  mae) — Let  the  con- 
sequence be  what  it  may. 

Cup  down,  g.  (kuop.  doon)— It  was 
formerly  the  custom  to  turn  the 
cup  upside  down,  or  place  the 
spoon  across  it  when  a  person 
had  finished  tea.  A  cup  left  un- 
turned was  always  re-filled. 

"  Nay,  dunnet  turn  tea-cup  doun  ! " 
"No  more,  no  more !  I've  drank  two  cups." 
Anderson — Jurry's  Cursnin.   Stz.  8, 9. 

Cur  dog,  g.  (kuor'.  daug.) — Generic 
name  for  sheep-dog. 
It  wad  lick  a  cur  doo  mair  nor  ten  times 

it'  weight, 
An'  mongrels  an'  messans  they  dursn't  cu 

nar.      Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.  Stz.  3. 

Curl,  G.  (kuor'.U'l) — The  ripple  on 
water  caused  by  a  slight  wind. 

— B.,  nw. — To  take  offence  ;  to  be 
displeased  ;  to  stand  upon  dignity. 

Curly  kue,  g.  (kuor'.li  kioo)— A 
flourish  in  writing  etc. 

Curley  kneave,  g.  (kuor'.li  niaav) 
— Whimbrel  (G.D.) — Nummiwrphaeo- 
put;  and  Bar- tailed  God  wit— Limma 
Lapponica  (H.M.). 

Curly  powe,  g.  (kuor'.li  pauw)— 
A  curled  poll  or  head  of  hair. 
"  Dainty  Davie,  curly  powe."     Old  Song-. 

Curn  "berry,  g.  (kuor.un-ber.i) — 
A  currant  generally. 


88 


Cum  keak,  Gh  Double  noddin,  E. 
Double-decker,  w.  —  A  pastry 
cake  baked  in  the  oven,  having  a 
layer  of  currants  inside  it ;  this  is 
practically  the  same  as  sw.  Ban- 
nock.    Cf.  Bannock. 

He  knock'd  a  bowl  o'  new  milk  ower  a 


CURN  CEAK. 


W.C.T.X.     1897.     p.  13,  col.  2. 


Currock,  g.  (kuor.uk).  Kirrock, 
n.,  E,  (kur'.u'k)— A  circle  of  huge 
stones  found  in  many  parts  of  the 
Lake  District,  and  elsewhere.  Such 
a  circle  on  the  summit  of  Carrock 
Fell,  of  which  there  exists  no  re- 
liable history,  would  seem  to  have 
given  the  name  to  the  mountain. 
Being  very  visible  at  a  distance,  a 
kurrock  makes  a  good  landmark. 

Called  also  Sunken  Kirk  and  Kirk 
Sucken  (Ell wood). 

This  (mound  on  Broadfleld  Common)  was 
about  40  feet  in  diameter  and  having  a 
circle  of  granite  stones  set  round  the  top. 
.  .  .  the  usual  term  for  such  a  circle  in 
the  district  is  kirock  or  currock. 

Fer&uson.    p.  61. 

The  currock  or  cairn,  on  the  top  of  the 
fell  stands  three  thousand  feet  above  the 
sea.         Pearl  in  a  Shell,     p.  129,  line  8. 

Cursed  lands. — In  the  manor  of 
Holme  Cultram  there  is  a  district 
of  lands,  which  anciently  belonged 
to  the  abbey,  and  was  demised  to 
copy -holders  freed  from  tithes. 
These  lands  are  called  Curst  Lands, 
and  it  is  understood  that  the  term 
curst  is  a  corruption  of  crossed. 

E.D.D. 

Cushat,  g.  (kuosh.at).  Wooshat, 
c.  (wuosh.at) — The  wood-pigeon 

Cohimha    pal iivihux.       Also    (E.)    the 

Woodchat  shrike— L&nm  pomeran  us. 

The  scoppies  sing  beath  lood  an'  clear, 
An'  cushats  in  the  plantin's  coo. 

Brown,    p.  94,  line  4. 


Cush  !  g  (kuosh).  Scush.  —  An 
exclamation  (God's  curse)  of  sym- 
pathy, or  hearty  good-fellowship, 
according  to  the  intonation.  Cush 
also  a  call-note  for  cattle. 
Cush,  barne !  I  thowt  he  wad  be  leam't. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  78,  line  3. 

"  Cuush  cuush  !  poor  fella ! "  "  Cush  man ! 
I'se  prood  to  see  tha ! "    J.  Ar. 

Cushion  (whishin)  dance,G.(  wish.- 
in) — The  final  dance  at  a  rural  ball 
or  merry  night. 

A  young  man,  carrying  a  cushion,  paces 
round  the  room  in  time  to  the  appropri- 
ate tune,  selects  a  girl,  lays  the  cushion 
at  her  feet,  and  both  kneel  upon  it  and 
kiss,  the  fiddler  making  an  extraordinary 
squeal  during  the  operation.  The  girl 
then  takes  the  cushion  to  another  young 
man,  who  kisses  her  as  before,  and  leaves 
her  free  to  "link"  with  the  first,  and 
march  round  the  room.  This  is  repeated 
till  the  whole  party  is  brought  in,  when 
they  all  form  a  circle,  and  "  kiss  out "  in 
the  same  manner,  sometimes  varying  it 
by  the  kissers  sitting  on  two  chairs,  back 
to  back,  in  the  middle  of  the  ring,  and 
kissing  over  their  shoulders — a  trying 
process  to  bashful  youth  of  either  sex. 

Gibson,    p.  171. 

An'  nowte  cud  match  t'  sly  fiddle-squeal 
'At  signall'd  kiss  i'  t'  cushion-dance. 
Gibson — Ben  Wells,    p.  49  stz.  4, 

They  are  playing  the  cushion-game. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  300,  line  20. 

Cushy,  g.  (kuoshj) — A  pet  name 
for  a  cow. 

Cushy-cow-lady,  c,  sw.  (kuoshj. 
koo  lae.di).  Rainy  clock,  xc 
Harvest- bug,  Skinburness.  — 
The  red  spotted  Lady-bird — Coeci* 
nella  teptemp  n  n  at  at  a. 

Custa?,  g.  (kuos.ta a.)  —  Comest 
thou  % 

"  Kursty,  whoar  custa  frae  ?  custa  wi' 

kye? 
Ay,  twenty  good  nowte  an  ya  yad  ferbye." 


Cut,  G.  (kuot.) — A  cut  is  a  part, 
generally  a  third  part  of  a  web,  so 
that  if  a  weaver  (hand-loom)  has 
to  turn  off  say  60  yards  of  a  par- 
ticular pattern  of  cloth,  his  warp 
and  weft  remain  the  same,  but  a 
division  is  made  after  each  20 
yards,  so  that  the  web  can  be 
divided  readily  into  three  cuts. 
Also,  a  certain  quantity  of  yarn, 
twelve  cuts  making  a  Hank.  See 
Knack  reel. 

Also,  the  Last  cut,  or  Mell  is  the 
finish  of  the  harvest,  when  certain 
customs,  now  nearly  obsolete,  were 
observed,  and  which  are  described 
in  the  following  quotation  : 
Theear  used  to  be  a  struggle  as  to  whoa 
gat  t'  last  cut.  For  this  purpose  a  nice 
reap  o'  cworn  was  selected,  an' t'  rest  cut 
aw  roond  it,  than  it  was  tied  at  t'  top  wid 
a  band  or  a  bit  o'  string.  Ivvery  man 
hed  to  stand  at  a  mark  a  few  yards  off 
and  throw  their  sickles  at  this  reap.  It 
was  oanly  a  numb  way  o'  proceedin'  as  it 
was  often  haggelt  aw  to  bits,  an'  neahbody 
could  exactly  lay  claim  to  cuttin'  it  off. 
.  .  .  This  reap  was  carefully  pletted  roond 
a  fine  rosy-cheeked  apple,  an'  hung  up  in 
t'  farmer's  kitchen.  ...  an'  theear  hung 
this  apple  .  .  .  till  next  Chris'mas  Day. 
On  that  day  it  was  teane  doon,  an'  t'  reap 
given  till  t'  best  cow  i'  t'  byre,  an' t'  apple 
till  t'  bonniest  lass  i'  t'  kitchen. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  7.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

He  would  ...  be  as  anxious  as  any  to  get 
what  was  called  the  last  cut  or  the 
shearing  out.  This  last  cut  was  made 
straight,  plaited  and  made  into  a  chaplet, 
and  hung  up  on  a  crook. 

W.C.T.X.     1892.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  castrate. 

Cute,G.(KiooT) — Acute,  keen-witted. 

I'm  not  cute  enough. 

Son  of  Hag-ar.    I.    p.  235. 

We're  aw  cute  fellows,  roun  Torkin; 

We're  aw  sharp  fellows. 
Anderson — Fellows  roun  Torkin.   Stz.ll. 


Cut  lugs,  g.  (kuot.-luogs.) — Short 
ears.  There  is  an  old  saying  re- 
lative to  any  stroke  of  great  cun- 
ning, that  'it  caps  cut-lugs,  and 
cut-lugs  caps  the  de'il,  and  (b.)  the 
de'il  capt  o'  mankind.' 
Well  noo,  that  caps  cut-lugs  ;  a  thowt  et 
a  spock  as  plain  Inglish  as  ennybody  cud 
dee.       Christian— Sailor  Lad.    p.  5,  line  3. 

Cut  nar  t'  bean,  c. — Said  of  a  greedy 
person. 

Cuts,  g.  (kuots) — Pieces  of  straw, 
etc.  used  in  drawing  lots. 

Cutten,  g.  (kuot.u'n) — Has  been  cut. 

Bob    sed   'at    t'   teabel-cleath    hed   been 
cutten  Wid  a  knife. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  87,  line  6. 

Cutter,  g.  (kuotthu'E') — To  whisper 
or  talk  softly. 

They  began   teh  cutter   low  doon   tuh 
thersels.  Scoap.    p.  30,  line  7. 

Cuttery  coo,  g.  (kuotth.u'rt  koou'.) 
— Secret  conversation ;  the  note 
of  the  male  pigeon. 
Sec  cuttery  cooing  wark  theer  was 
amang't  lasses,  when  we  taak't  o'  laikan 
at  kiss  in  't  ring.      S.D.B. 

Cuttle,  n.,  sw.  (kut.u'l)— To  chat 
or  gossip ;  to  whisper  confiden- 
tially. 

Wid  ther  heeds  togider  in  't  corner  they 
were  thrang  cuttlan  away.      S.D.B. 

Cutty :   see  Scutty. 

Cuvvins,  c,  Ws.  (kuov.inz)  —  Peri- 
winkle shell-fish — Turbo  littorci/s. 
T  tide  varra   nar   catch't  im   gedderan 
cuvvins  on  't  Scar.      S.D.B. 

Cuz,  g.  (kuoz.) — Comes. 

"  He  cuz  ower  to  see  us  now  and  than." 

Cwoam,c.,E.,sw.(KWAU.M).  Keam, 
ne.,  e.(kiem) — To  comb;  to  comb 
the  hair,  head,  or  toppin  is  to  scold. 
An  ill  scoaldin'  wife,  'at  'ill  gi'  the'  thy 

pay 
An'  cwoam  the'  thy  toppin  oot  ten  times 

a  day.        Richardson,  1st.    p.  69,  line  2. 


90 


Cwoat,  c,  ec.  (kwaut.)— Coat ;  a 
woman's  petticoat. 
An'   like  bags   full  o'  nowte   hung   his 
britches  an'  cwoat. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  5. 

Aa'v  doft  my  cwoat,  how  can  I  donn't  ? 
(This  refers  to  the  woman's  coat). 
Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   Ch.  V.,  v.  3. 

Ah  niver  hed   time   to  git  me  cwoats 
straightened.      E.D.D. 

She  clattert  doon  t'  stairs  in  her  neet 
cwoat.  W.C.T.X.   1895.   p.  3,  col.  4. 

Cwoaty  pin,  c,  Ws,  nc.  (kwautj 
pin.) — A  large  brass  pin  with  which 
the  cloak  or  coat  collar  is  fastened. 
Out  o'  t'  collar  he  pulled  what  they  caw 

a  CWOATY  PIN. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  April  20.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Cwoley,  c,  e.,  ne.  (kwaul.i) —  The 
shepherd's  dog,  colley.  Properly 
an  appellative,  it  is  used,  like  Tray, 
as  a  proper  name  (Ferguson — Dialect, 
p.  31). 

If  hares  were  as  plenty  as  hops, 
I  dursn't  fell  yen  for  my  life,  man, 
Nor  tek't  out  o'  auld  Cwoley's  chops. 

Blamire — Wey,  Ned.    Stz.  4. 

The  auld  cwoley  dog  crap  under  the  ash 
grate.      Pen.  Obs.   1887,  Mar.  29    p.  6,  coll. 

Cwol-greuv  law,  o.  (kwaul.- 
GR'iuov  lau.) — The  rule  of  turn  ; 
"  Furst  come  furst  sarv't." 

Cwols,  c,  n.,  w.  (kwaulz)  —  Coal- 
pits. 

Some  thowt  it  was  teyme  to  set  off  to 
the  cwoals. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-neet.    Stz.  4. 

Cwol  sill :   see  Sill. 

Cworn,  g.  (kwau.R'U'n).  Kirn,  E. 
(kur'n). — Corn  as  a  general  term 
refers  only  to  oats. 

Cworn,  not  to  stand  —  :  nw,  nc, 
and  Cwornin'. — Not  to  be  able 
to  stand  prosperity. 


Cworn  later,  c.(lae.tthu'R)- A  per- 
son begging  for  corn.  It  was  the 
custom  until  lately  for  a  poor  man 
beginning  the  world  on  a  small 
farm,  to  go  round  among  his  neigh- 
bours soliciting  for  seed  corn,  when 
one  or  two  gallons  would  be  given 
to  him  at  nearly  every  farmhouse. 
Asking  at  every  house  ...  for  "  a  lile  lock 
corn,"  for  their  first  crop. 

Lizzie  Lorton.  II.   p.  294. 

Cworn  thissel :  see  Sharp  thistle. 

Cwove,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (kwauv)  —  A 
hollow  on  the  fell  side. 
They  whisselt  him   (fox)  up  be  t'  Iron 
Crag,  an'  be  t'  Silver  Cwove. 

Dickinson— Lamplugh.    p.  6,  line  2. 

Cwoze  house,  g.  (kwauz-oos) — 
The  house  in  which  a  corpse  is 
lying.     See  Streek. 

Our  Tib  at  the  cwose-house  hes  been, 
She  tells   us   they're   aw   monstrous 
merry.    Anderson — Nichol.  Stz.  11. 


D 


Daad :   see  Daud. 

Daarentwatter  leets,  c.  (daa.- 
ru'N[T]) — On  the  night  of  the 
execution  of  the  Earl  of  Derwent- 
water  the  Aurora  Borealis  flashed 
with  remarkable  brilliancy,  and  has 
since  been  so  named  in  remem- 
brance of  him. 

Dab,   G.  (daab).      Dabster. — An 

expert  person. 

Bet's  sec  a  dab  she'd  find  thy  letter  out. 
Graham — Gwordy.    line  123. 

Some  are  dabsters  at  shuttin,  some  at 
mowin.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Dab,  G. — Expert. 

Ananias  an'  Sapphira  war  dab  hands  at 
pullin  t'  lung  bow. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  8,  col.  3. 


91 


Dab,  niwer  let  —  :  G. — Never  let 
wit — do  not  tell. 

Dabbin :   see  Dam. 

Dadder,c.,Ws.(DAADDH.U'R').  Dod- 
der, C,  N.,  E.,  NW.  (dAUDDH.U'R'). 
Didder,  N.,  s  w. — A  tremble,  shiver. 

— To  shiver,  tremble,  totter. 

Indicating  a  "  shape  "  of  jelly  (he  said) 
"  I'll  tak  sum  o'  that  dadderin'  stuff." 

Gibson,    p.  171. 

An'  dazet  wid  coald  he  glowert  aboot,  an' 
dadder't  like  to  fo'. 

Gibson— Branthet  Neuk.    p.  57,  line  3. 

Dadder  girse,  c,  sw.  (daaddh.u'R') 
Dotherin  g.,  n.,  Ws.  (dauth.- 
U'R'U'n).  Dodder g.,E. — Quaking 

grass — Briza  media. 
She  meaad  Joe  trammel  fra  heid  teh  feutt, 
like  as  he'd  been  as  mickle  dadderin- 
GURSE.  SCOAP.     p.  6,  line  3. 

Dadders,  a,  sw.  Dodders,  n  — 
Shivers,  tremblings  through  fear. 

Daddies,  oa  their,  c.,nw. — Superior, 
craftier,  smarter. 

Denman  was  oa  ther  daddies  eh  mair 
ways  ner  makken  poetry  or  kipperin 
owder.  Scoap.    p.  153,  line  1. 

Daddle,  g.  (daad.U'l)— The  hand. 

An  gie  us  a  shek  o'  thy  daddle. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  1. 

Daddle,  g.     Doddle,  b.,  sw.  (daud. 
U'l). — To  walk  slowly ;  to  trifle  ; 
to  hang  down. 
An  then  I  daddle  to  the  duir, 
And  then — I  daddle  in  ! 

Anderson — Threescore.    Stz.  3. 

Daddlement,  g.  (daad.U'LMU'Nt) — 
Trifling  proceeding. 

Dadge  :   see  Dodge. 

Daffan',  g.,  (daaf.U'n)— Joking, 
bantering. 

And  ivvery  man  .  .  .  tuk  part  in  't  fun 
an'  daffin.        W.C.T.X.    1891.    p.  12,  col.  1. 


Daffy-doon-dilly,  g.  (daaf.i  doon 
dil.i)— The  daffodil. 
Fanny  meynds  me  ov  a  daffydowndilly. 
Anderson — The  Contrast.    Stz.  2. 

Daft,  g.  (daaft).    Daftly.  — Idiotic, 
silly,  wanton,  doting,  foolish. 
"  He's  nobbut  daftish."    "  A  daftly  fel- 
low."   "  He's  fairly  daft  aboot  her." 

If  I  hed  a  dog  hoaf  as  daft  I  wad  hang't. 
Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  6,  line  3. 

Daftness,  g.  (da aft.nu's)— Silli- 
ness ;  foolish  action. 
He  was  very  sorry  for  what  he  had  done, 
...  he  said  "  It  was  only  daftness  that 
I  did  to  her." 

C.  Fatr.    1893,  July  7.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

If  fwok  laugh  at  his  daftness,  he  thinks 
'at  it's  wit.    Richardson,  2nd.   p.  117,  line  3. 

Daft  Watty,  g. — A  silly,  awkward 
person. 

They  threw  stour  i'  my  een,  an  cawt  me 
Daft  Watty  ! 

Anderson— Watty,    p.  11,  line  19. 

Dafty,  g. — An  imbecile. 

Ay,  it's  reet,  thoo  daftie,  thoo  ! 

Rise  of  River,    p.  131. 

Dag :   see  Deg. 

Daggy,  c.,  Ns.,  E.  (daag.i) — Wet  and 
misty. 

The    weather's    now    turn'd    monstrous 
daggy.  Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  10. 

Daisy,  great :   see  White  gull. 

Daker  hen,  ec,  E.  (dakku'R'). 
D raker  h.,  e.  (drae.ku'r). — 
Corn  crake  (H.M.) — CreoD  pratetm*. 

Dally:   see  Tee-tak-up-o'. 

Dalt :   see  Dote. 

Dam,  g.  (daam).  Dem  (dem). 
Dabbin,  b. — An  artificial  pool  or 
pond  of  water  confined  by  masonry, 
etc.  for  the  supply  of  a  water- wheel, 
and  less  frequently,  the  earth- 
works or  masonry  confining  the 
water. 

Now  gedder  in  t'  sheep  and  wesh  them 
in  t'  dem.  Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  8. 


92 


Damrags,  c.  Jamrags,  SB.,  nc. 
(jaam.raagz).— That  which  has 
been  torn  to  rags  and  shreds. 

Dancin'  mad  :   see  Stark  mad- 
Dander,   g.  (daanddh.U'R') —  Pas- 
sion, excitement;  a  blow  on  the 
head. 

"He  coh'd  me  a  feul,  an'  that  set  me  dan- 
der up." 

Ah  wad  a  fetcht  that  guide  a  dander  ower 
t'  lug.  Scoap.    p.  213,  line  17. 

— c,  N. — To  hobble,  wander,  saunter. 

The  wearied  aul  fwok  daunder'd  heame. 

Anderson — The  Visit.    Stz.  3. 

What's  to  do  that  ye're  daundering  here. 
Todhunter's.    p.  376,  line  11. 

It  keaved  an  yark'd  tel  it  reave  out,  wi 
yan  at  stangs  hingan  beet  shuder  an  off 
it  went  eanderin  throu't  yett. 

Dang,  g.  (daang).    Ding.  — Damn. 
See  Ding. 
"  Ding  it !  but  it  '11  niver  fetch  heam." 

Od  dang  thee ! 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.    Stz.  16. 

Dangment,  G  (daang.mu'Nt) — An 
imprecation. 

What  the  dangment  was'tl  was  forgittin  ? 
Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  18,  line  8. 

Dang't,  g. — Damned. 

I  can't  read  or  pray  widout  bringin'  in 
her  dang't  "  Mappen  I  may." 

Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  5. 

Darg  :   see  Darrak. 

Dark,  g.  (daar'k)  —  To  lurk,  to 
prowl ;  to  listen  in  the  back-ground 
like  "  a  pig  in  a  strea  heap  "  ;  to 
rush  out  suddenly  from  a  hiding- 
place  ;  to  eaves-drop. 

Nut  a  smile  nor  a  leuk 

Dud  te  kest  to  poor  me,  as  I  dark't  i'  my 

neuk.  Gibson — Sneck  Posset.   Stz.  5. 

They'd  been  darkan  an'  lissenan  at  t' 
seamm  time.         Cumbriana.    p.  7,  line  10. 

Darkly,  e.— Somewhat  dark,  gloomy. 
It  had  been  a  darkly  day.  Two  Ways.  p.52. 


Darknin',  G.  (daakknin).    Dark- 
lin,  E. — Evening  twilight. 
He  niver  durst  bide  by  his-sel  efter  t' 
darkenin'. 

Gibson— Oxenfell  Dobby.    p.  95,  line  8. 

I  couldn't  answer  for  gitten'  dune  this 
side  DARKLIN. 

1891.    Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  6,  line  2. 

Darky,  c,  nw.,  n.  (daar'Ki)  —  A 
blind  man. 
A  darky  glaum'd  her  by  the  hips, 

The  sodger  band  (bang'd)  leyke  thunder, 
But  still  the  blin'  man  held  his  grip. 

Stagg— Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  35. 

Darrak,  c,  e.,  Ns.  (daaruk).  Dark, 
sw.,  ec.  (daar'k).  Darg,  n.,  sw. 
(daar'Gh)  —  The  day's  work  ; 
"  with  an  underlying  sense  of  duty 
done — life's  work"  (J.  ar.).  A  dar- 
rack  of  peats  upon  a  moss  was  as 
much  turf  as  a  man  could  dig  in 
one  day  (Ellwood). 
Ay,  poor  fallow  he's  dune  his  darruck  ! 

J.  Ar. 

He  did  his  day's  darrick  in  the  harvest- 
field.         C.  Patr.   1899,  Mar.  3.   p.  4,  col.  4. 

Efter  I'd  my  darrick  deun, 
I  hed  an  earend  into  t'  toon. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  63,  line  3. 

— To  do  a  day's  work. 

Went  oot  darrickin'  at  farm  hooses. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  17,  col.  1. 

Darraker  ;  Darger — Day-labourer. 

The  laird  and  dar'ker,  cheek  by  chowle. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  13. 

Darrat,  c,  sw.  (daarut).  Dar- 
zonn,  (daarsaun.).  Dyne,  sw. 
(da ain).  Dar ,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (d aar') 
—Oaths. 

An'  dar  !  'twas  nice  to  snug  in  bed. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells.    Stz.  2. 

Bit,  dar  bon!  I  think  it  dud  mair  hurt 
than  good.      Richardson,  1st.   p.  33,  line  4. 

Daar  son  !  a'v  a  gud  mind  t'  fling  tha  inta 
t'sump.  Christian — Sailor  Lad.  p.3,line8. 


93 


Darter,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (daa.r  tthu'R')— An 
active  person  ;  a  comical  person. 
Tou  was  wi'  pennystens  a  darter  ; 
I  at  trippet  bangt  tern  aw. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz.  2. 

Dart  girse,  c,  sw.    Wheyte  top't 
g.,   nw.      Yorkshire  fog,    c. — 

Woolly  soft  grass — Holcus  lanatus. 
The  grass  on  the  lawn  consisted  of  York-    I 
shire  foo.  C.  Patr.   1898,  Nov.  4.    p.  7. 

There  was  no  such  grass  known  as  York- 
shire fog;  he  supposed  the  witnesses 
meant  white  top.      Ditto. 

Darty — Quick,  active  ;  comical. 
Thou  was  nobbut  a  darty  lile  lass  then. 
Joe  the  Buits.   p.  7,  line  11. 

Dash.:   see  Thro'. 

Dashers,  g.  (daash.U'R'z) — The  in- 
side works  of  a  barrel  churn. 

Dash't,  G.  (daasht)— Abashed,  cast- 
down. 

Look  dash'd  and  blate,  wi'  nought  to  say. 
Blamire — I've  gotten.    Stz.  2. 

Daubin' :  see  Clay  daubin'. 

Daud,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (baud).  Daad,  c. 
sw.  (daad)  —  Daub  ;  a  lump  ;  a 
slight  covering  of  snow ;  (a,  sw., 
N.)  dot.  A  bumpy  fall. 
"  Lumps  of  puddin'  and  dauds  o'  panceak." 
"  It  fo's  i'  girt  dauds." 

He  tummelt  and  got  a  rare  daud  ov  his 
doup.    S.B.B. 

An'  th'  lads  reeght-keynd  the  lasses  treat, 
Wi'  monny  a  teasty  fairin' 

I'  dauds  that  day. 
Stago — Bridewain.    Stz.  45. 

Worchets  ur  still  donn't  i'  ther  daads  o' 
snow.       W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

— c,  E.,  nw. — To  strike  with  some- 
thing soft  or  wet. 
"  Ah'll  daud  the'  lugs  wud  t'  dish-clout." 

Dave,   c,  sw.  (daev) — To  soothe, 
assuage. 


Dawkin,  c. — A  simpleton;  a  soft 
feckless  Dolittle. 

I'd  rather  have  a  wife  a  dule  than  a  daw- 
kin.  Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Dawp  :   see  Corby. 

Dawt,  nc.  (daut)— To  fondle,  caress. 

There's  Sandy,  how  he  dawtit  Jean. 

Blamire — Dinna  think,    line  10. 

Dawtit,  nc.  —  Petted,    caressed; 
spoiled  by  kindness. 
A  dawted  monkey  does  nae  mair 
Than  ape  the  tricks  o'  fashion. 

Blamire — Jenny  dear.    Stz.  1. 

Dawty,  nc.(dau.ti) — A  darling,  pet. 

Now,  gin  a  canker'd  minny  comes 
And  sees  her  dawty  set  by  me. 

Blamire — Had  my  daddy.    Stz.  1. 

Day,  c.,e.,ne.(dae) — A  mining  term 
for  the  surface  ;  the  top  of  a  pit- 
shaft. 

Day  by  lenth,  c  ,nw. — All  day  long. 
Inta  ya  whol  an'  oot  of  anudder  hoddenly 

t'  DAY  BE  T'  LENTH. 


W.C.T. 


July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 


Daycent :   see  Decent. 

Day  leet'nin',  g.(lee.tnu'n)— Morn- 
ing twilight ;  daybreak. 

Day-man,  g  Daily  man,  nw. 
Daytelman,  Obsolete.  Day- 
dannock,  Obs. — A  day-labourer. 
The  others  being  held  by  datle-men  and 
their  families.      Mayroyd.   I.   p.  54,  line  6. 

Dayz't :   see  Deaz't. 

Deaa  Nettle,  c,  Ns.  (diaa  net.U'l). 
Deea,  ec.  (deea),  and  Dee,  nw. 
(dee).  Stinkin'  weed,  sw.— The 
Dead  nettle — Lamium  album;  in  sw. 

the  purple  variety  is  referred  to. 

Deah  up,  G. — To  make  tidy,  put  in 
order ;  to  set  the  stable  horses  and 
cattle  in  order  for  the  night. 
Ya  neet  efter  deein'  up  t'  horses. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  243. 


94 


Deal,  g.  (diaal)— Dale,     (b.)   A 
field  near  the  house,  a  croft. 
Away  we  set  ebbem  up  t'  deal 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  2,  line  4 

Deal,  g.  (deeu'l)— Very  much;  a 
great  number  or  quantity. 
"  It's  a  deal  mair  ner  twenty  pund." 

Like  a  deal  o'  farm  houses,  t'  ceilin'  o'  ya 
room  was  t'  floor  of  t'udder. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.     p.  12,  col.  2. 

Deal  land,  G.  not  n.,  e.  (diaal) — Land 
held  in  defined  butunfenced  parcels 
in  an  open  field,  the  ownership 
changing  annually  in  succession ; 
a  dale  is  one  of  these  parcels. 
See  Dote. 

Formerly  the  land  all  through  this  part 
of  the  country  was  unfenced  and  lay  in 

DALES. 

The  Defendant's  dale  was  unfenced 
against  the  road. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  May  4.   p.  5,  col.  3. 

A  field  of  about  ninety-seven  acres  .  .  . 
was  anciently  held  in  one  hundred  and 
fifty-six  shares  or  dales,  of  from  eight 
perches  to  two  acres.    Reminiscences,  p.  38. 

At  the  deail-head  unluckily  we  shear. 
Relph — Harvest,    p.  2,  line  5. 

Deal  meal,  c.  (miaal) — Dale  mail, 
a  tribute  formerly  paid  by  the 
customary  tenants  of  the  manor 
of  Ennerdale  for  permission  to  put 
sheep  and  cattle  on  the  forest. 

Deals-man,  c.  (diaalz.mitn)— An 
inhabitant  of  the  dales. 
The  wife  of  a  dalesman. 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Oct.  6.    p  8,  col.  4. 

Deam,  g.  (diaam) — Dame ;  mistress 
of  the  house  ;  wife. 
An'  whyetly  his  life  hed  ron  wi'  Dorot'y 
his  DEEAM. 
Gibson — Skulls  of  Calgarth.   p.  81,  line  2. 

Neist  deame  she  just  starv'd  me,  .  .  .  she 
niver  leev'd  weel. 

Anderson — Watty.    Stz.  5. 


Deary  me !  G.  (dee.U'RI  mee) — An 
exclamation  of  lament. 
"  Deary  me  "  said  Daniel  Fidler  "  three 
girt  lasses  and  cannot  o'  mak  a  taty 
puddin' !  " 

Deaz't,  g.  (diaezt).  Dayz't,  c,  e. 
(daezt) — Pasty;  exhausted,  stu- 
pid ;  sapless  ;  addled  ;  deazt  meat 
is  ill  roasted  meat,  deazt  bread  is 
improperly  baked  bread,  and  a 
deazt  egg  contains  a  dead  chicken. 
Many  eggs  became  dazed  and  were  con- 
sequently worthless. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  June  1.   p.  6,  col.  3. 
"  If  owte  thoo  contrives  to  forgit, 

I'll   reckon  the'   daizter  an'  dafter," 
says  she, 
"  Nor  iver  I've  reckon't  the'  yit." 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  20,  line  10. 
An'  dazet  wid  coald  he  glower't  aboot. 
Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  11. 

Deazy,  n.,  ne. — Raw  and  cold  with- 
out rain — said  of  weather. 
Cum  doon  afoar  t'  wedder  gits  deazy  an' 
coald.  Betty  Wilson     p.  31,  line  2. 

Dec :   see  Yan. 

Decent,  c,  e.,  nw.  (dee.stj.'nt). 
Daycent,  n.,  e.,  sw.  (dae.sunt) — 
Worthy,  favorable  ;  respectable  ; 
tolerable. 

"  A  varra  decent  man." 
"  A  decent  swort  of  a  day." 
Ey,  theer  he  ligs,  poor  fellow !    He  was  a 
varra  decent  man,  and  a  rare  dancer. 

Cumbriana.  p.  284,  line  6. 
T'  fella  his  sel  mun  ha'  bin  a  waistrel  to 
pig  in  thar,  or  else  ooer  kysty  to  be  amang 
dacent  foke.    Forness  Folk.   p.  31,  line  10. 

Deed  drunk,  G. — When  a  man  can 
"nowther  gang,  ner  stand,  ner 
hod  on  by  t'  girse." 

Deed  horse  wark,  G. — Work  per- 
formed in  payment  of  a  debt,  or 
for  which  payment  has  been  made 
previously. 
Workin'  at  deed  horse  is  poor  policy. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 


95 


Deed  lift,  G. — The  moving  of  an 
inert  body ;  a  situation  of  difficulty, 
where  one  is  greatly  in  need  of 
assistance. 

Deed  tongue,  c,  Ws. — Hemlock 
"Water-drop  wort — Oenanthe  craeata; 
the  dried  stalks  are  called  Keshes 
(w.h.).     See  Kesh. 

Deef-nut,  c,  E.,  nw,  n.  (deef-nuot) 
— A  nut  without  a  kernel. 
"  He  cracks  nea  deef-nuts  " — said  of  a 
well-fed  person  or  animal. 

Ham  an'  eggs  an'  a  chop   .   .   .   was  neah 
deef  nut  for  Bob  ta  crack. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  8,  line  2. 

Deel  bin  !  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (deel-bin). 
Dah-bon,  w. — An  oath. 

De'il  bin  !  what  cap'rin,  feghten,  vap'rin  ! 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.   Stz.  1. 

Deepness,  c,  nw. — Depth. 

Deet,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (deet).  Deeght, 
N.,  sw.  (deeght) — To  winnow  or 
dress  corn;  to  wipe,  make  clean. 
Also  used  sometimes  in  the  re- 
verse sense  of  "to  dirty  "  (Songs  and 

Ballads.  3rd.   p.  222).      See  Dight. 
Mappen  (they  fand)  aw  their  lock  o'  havver 
thresh't  an'  deetit. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  154,  line  3. 

When    he    tuik    his    cwoat    lappet    an' 
deeghted  his  feace. 

Blamire — Auld  Robin  Forbes.   Stz.  1. 

Deeth  come  quickly :  see  Blend- 
wort. 

Deeth  lowe,  g.  (deeth  lauw)— A 
ragged  piece  of  wick,  which  glows 
in  the  candle  flame  with  a  blue 
flare.  It  is  always  considered  to 
be  a  presage  of  death  unless  the 
flame  be  extinguished  by  immer- 
sion of  the  candle  in  running 
water. 

Deetin'  cleath,  c.  (dee.tu'N 
kliaath) — The  cloth  upon  which 
the  corn  is  dressed  or  winnowed. 


Deetin'  hill,  g. — A  hill  where  corn 

was  winnowed  by  throwing  the 

grain  up  against  the  wind.  Ancient 

barns  had  opposite  doors,  between 

which  the  grain  could  be  cleared 

of  chaff*  in  the  draught  when  the 

weather  was  unsuited  for  the  use 

of  the  deetin'  hill. 

Or  they  teuk't  on  tat'  deetin'  hill,  whither 

they  gev't 

O't  wind  they  could  gedder  on  t'  green. 

Cumbriana.    p.  254,  line  15. 

Deeve,  c,  e.,  Ns.  (deev).  Deeav, 
sw.  (deeav) — To  deafen,  stupify 
with  noise. 

She  deavet  me  to  deeth  aboot  foats  'at  he 
hed.   Gibson — Runaway  Wedding.   Stz.l. 

They  varra  nar  deevt  meh  wih  ther  snooa- 
rin.  Scoap.    p.  47,  line  20. 

Deevlin,  c,  nc,  ec.  (deev.u'lin). 
Kill  deevil,  nw.  Black  martin. 
Clavvers,c.(KLAAV.U'R'z).  Clav- 
ver  bawk,  sw.  —  The  Swift  — 
Cypselit*  apus. 

Deft,  c.,e.,nw.(deft) — Quiet,  silent; 
(n.)  handy,  formerly  pretty.  Also 
Deftly  (adv.). 

I  com  sa  deftly  it  couldn't  hear  me. 

Cumbriana.    p.  142,  line  3. 

"  What's  ta  say  ?  "  I  clappt  in  deftly. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  2. 

Deg,  c,  ec,  sw.  (deg).  Dag,  n.,  e. 
(daag)— To  ooze,  to  flow  slowly 
like  a  moist  ulcer,  or  deggan  sare. 
To  sting  or  stab,  (sw.)  To  sprin- 
kle. 
"  Ah's  freeten't  o'  bees,  they  dag  me  sair." 

Deggin  can,  sw.  (deg.U'N-kaan) — 
A  watering  can. 

Delf  rack,  e. — The  shelves  on 
which  plates  and  dishes  are  kept. 

Delver,  g.  not  e.  (delv.U'R')  —  One 
who  digs  drains, 

Dem :  see  Dam. 


96 


Den,  nw.  (den) — To  hide,  conceal, 
Still  in  use  at  Skinburness  in  re- 
ference to  flat-fish  burying  them- 
selves in  the  sand  (H.M.). 
Flat  fish  den  themselves  in  the  sand. 

Fisherman,    p.  55. 

Dench,  c,  sw.  (dench) — Sqeamish, 
delicate. 

Deray.  Obs.  (deer'AE.)— Confusion, 
noise ;  a  noisy  party. 
Last,  best  of  a',  comes  on  Carle  Fair, 
Wi'  lowpin',  dancin',  and  deray. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.   Stz.  19. 

Desk-bed :   see  Box-bed. 

Despart,  c,  e.,  nw.  (des.pu'Rt) 
Dispart,  n.,  e.,  sw.  (dis.paart) 
— Desperate  ;  inveterate  ;  great. 
"  He's  a  despart  fellow  for  drinking." 
Like  o'  leears,  he's  a  desper't  feul. 

Gibson — T"  Reets  on  't.    p.  6,  line  2. 
Lang  Peel  the  laird's  a  dispert  chap. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  4. 

Dess,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (des).  Mow- 
stead,  nw.  (mauw-steed).  Stea- 
din,  nw.  (steed.u'n)  Dass,  sw. 
(daas) — A  pile  or  heap  of  hay  etc. 
(nw.)  In  building  a  rick,  if  too 
large  to  put  up  all  at  once  it  is 
made  in  sections,  each  section  is 
called  a  dess,  mowstead  or  steadin. 
The  space  occupied  by  the  mowstead 
in  a  barn  is  also  called  the  mow- 
stead (J.H.).  A  cutting  made  from 
a  rick,  is  also  a  dess. 

Dess,  G. — To  adorn.     To  build  up  in 
regular  order,  or  in  layers,  as  hay, 
straw,  potatoes  etc. 
A  wheyte-feac'd  young  lass,  aw  dess'd 
out  leyke  a  leady. 

Anderson — Borrowdale  Jwohnny.  Stz.  5. 
For  dishes  acorn  cups  stuid  dessed  in  rows. 
Relph — Hay-time.  Stz.  10. 
A  steam  crane  clickt  hod  on  them  an 
desst  them  up  yan  en  top  of  anudder. 

Scoap.    p.  71),  lint  6. 

Deukt,  g.  (djuokt) — Blotched  with 
white  (cattle). 


Devil's  snuff-box  :   see  Fuz  bo. 

Devoke  "Water  Maw :  .see  Gur- 
maw. 

Deyke :  see  Dyke. 

Deyl't,  nw.,  n.  (daeilt).     Dyl't,  b. 
(daailt) — Moped,  spiritless,  with 
faculties  impaired ;  (b.)  worn  down 
with  toil  and  trouble. 
Mey  mudder  caws  me  peer  deyl't  guff. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  4. 

He  toils  through  the  day,  puirDEYL'D  body, 
heart-broken. 

Rayson — Bandylan  Bet.    Stz.  3. 

The  lad's  dylt  out- — fair  beat. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  214,  line  10. 

Dibble,  G.  (dib.U'l) — To  plant  seed 
with  a  dibble.  Sometimes  applied 
to  the  burial  of  a  corpse  in  the 
hope  that  it  will  rise  again. 

Dibler :  see  Dubler. 

Dick  :   see  Yan. 

Dick-a-dee,  c,  sw.  (dik.U'Dee). 
Willy-lilt,  c.,(wil.i-lilt).  Willy- 
wicket. — The  common  Sandpiper 
— Tot  a  11  us  h  ypole  UOitS, 

Dicky,  c,  nw.,  b.,  w.  (dik.i)  — A 
short  upper  garment  of  coarse 
linen  till  lately  worn  by  working 
men.  An  under  shirt  or  vest.  See 
Harden  jacket. 
"  Len  me  a  dicky  an  ah'll  help  clip." 

Tore  off  his  necktie,  next  his  collar,  next 
his  dicky.       Fireside  Crack.   1896.   p.  60. 

— G. — Uncertain,  hazardous  ;  out  of 
health. 
"It's  dicky  wid  him  " — he's  ruined,  or  dead. 

Dicky  sark,  G. — An  additional  shirt 
breast. 

Didder :  see  Dadder. 

Didder -dodder,  B.  D.  -  dadder. 
D.- dither.— To  totter,  walk 
tremblingly. 

He  wad  didder-dodder  intil  t'  grave  as 
his  fathers  had  dune  afore  him. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.   p.  802. 


97 


Diddery-doddery,   G.— Trembling, 
shaking. 
A  puir  lile  diddery-doddery  horphan. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  245. 

Diddle,  a  (did.U'l)— To  sing  a  tune 
accompanying  it  with  some  such 
words  as  "  diddle,  diddle-dum " 
etc. ;  diddling  often  took  the  place 
of  fiddling  at  a  dance. 
"  Ah'll  diddle  thee  a  tune." 

Neist  Diddlen  Deavie  strack  up  an  aul 
tune.      Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  5. 

Difficulter,  c.  (dif.ikuoltthu'R') — 
More  difficult. 

Dig :   see  Yan. 

Dight,  c,  nc.  (daait)  —  To  clean, 
wipe.     See  Deet. 
You  dight  yourself  when  you  dress  clean- 
ly ;  and  you  dight  a  room  when  you  ar- 
range it.  Lake  Country.    App.  I 

Dill,  c,  sw.,  e.  (dil) — To  soothe ;  to 

lull  to  sleep. 
Dilled,  Obs  —  Driven  stupid, knocked 

up.      E.D.D. 

Dillicar,  c,  sw.  (dil.iku'R')  :  see 
Carr. 

Din,  G.  (din) — "  Mair  din  nor  dow  " 
— more  talk  than  work. 

Din'd,  G. — Dun-coloured. 

See  Sawney,  wi'  his  auld  din'd  yad. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  10. 

Ding,  c,  e.,  Ns.  (ding).     Dang. — A 
blow.     See  Dang. 
"  He  gev  meh  a  ding  i'  th'  back." 

— To  push,  strike,  dash  down,  bruise. 

"  Dang  him  for  a  feul !  Ah'll  ding  him 
ower,  an'  efter  he's  dung  ower,  Ah'll 
dang  his  silly  heed  off." 

The  deevil  cud  nit  ding  her  down. 

Anderson — Fellows.    Stz.  2. 

Danged  to  deeth  wi'  a  mort  o'  sma' 
scrattles.  Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  171. 

Ding  dew,  c,  nw.,  e.  (ding  dioo) — 
Splay-footed. 

H 


Ding  drive,  c,  nw.,  n.,  e.     Pull 
bump. — Full  drive,  full  speed. 
Grunstans   whurrellan   roond  an  roond, 
ding    drive    like   wind,  past   ooar    oald 
steamer.  Scoap.    p.  201,  line  1. 

Dinge,  G.  (dinj) — A  dent. 

"  He  let 't  fo'  on't  cobbles,  an'  it's  mead  a 
dinge  in't  side  on't." 

— To  make  a  dent. 

Thoo's  dinged  t' can.  Pen.  Obs.  1898,  Jan.  18. 

Dingin',  g.  (ding.U'n) — A  buzzing 
sound. 

I  nobbet  wish  that  I  were  deef, 
There's  ayways  sec  a  dingin'. 

Blamire — Cumb.  Scold.    Stz.  5. 

Ding  ower,  G. — To  upset,  knock  or 
push  down.     See  Ding. 
I  dung  owre  the  nop,  an  scawdert  my  fit. 
Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  1. 

Dinment,  c,  n.,  sw.  (din.mu'Nt)— 
A  two-year-old  wether ;    a   thin, 
mean-looking  person. 
Wid  sark-neck  stuck  abuin  his  lugs, 
A  puir  clipt-DiNMENT  frae  the  town. 
Anderson — Gwordie  Gill.    Stz.  5. 

Dinnel,   g,   (din.U'l) — To   tremble 
with  cold ;  to  tingle. 
Man  alive  !   bit  they  meaad  me  fingr's 
dinnle,  an  me  arm  wark. 

Scoap.     p.  245,  line  15. 

And  now  for  pwok-mittens  on  dinnellan 
hands.  Cumbriana.    p.  243,  line  8. 

Dinner,  c.  (din.U'R') — To  dine. 

They  dinner't  on  hofe  o'  t'  efterneun. 

Dickinson — Lamplugh.    p.  4. 

Dinneran,  c. — The  act  of  dining. 

O'  t'  dinneran  was  ower. 

Dickinson — Lamplugh.    p.  4. 

Dint,   c,  nw.,  e.  (dint)— Vigour, 
energy,  thrift. 

"  He  hez  some  dint  in  him  " — he  will 
make  his  mark. 

Dintless,  c,  EC,  nw.  (din.tlu's)  — 
Lacking  in  energy. 
It's  all  along  of  my  being  dintless. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  103,  line  15. 


98 


Dirl,  c,  n.,  e.,  n  w.  (a,  duor'L  ;  n.,  dur'l) 
— A  tremulous  sound,  (b.)  A  tre- 
mulous motion. 

"Sek  a  dirlin'  and  a  birlin'  it  meaad." 
— To  move  quickly,  to  give  a  slight 
tremble.     To  thrill ;  pierce. 
An'  raptures  dirl  thro'  every  part 

Befwore  unknown. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  16. 

Dirty  gully,  c,  b.,  e.,  nw. — (duor*.- 
ti  guol.i) — A  butcher's  assistant 
who  is  untidy  in  slaughtering. 

Disabils,  G.  (dish.U'BILz)— Untidy 
clothes. 

T  preest  co'ed  ta-day  an'  catch't  us  o'  e 
our  dishabils.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Disannul,  sw.,  EC.  (disu'Ntjol.) — To 
disperse. 

He  cum  up  til  us,  as  doncen  mad  as  a  steg 
on  a  net  backstan,  en  twotally  disannul't 
us.  Sullivan,    p.  90,  line  10. 

Dish,  E.,  n.,  nw.  (dish)— A  hollow 
as  of  the  hand. 

He  supt  oot  o'  t'  dish  ov  his  hand. 

Pen.  Obs.    Dec.  28. 

— g.— To  defeat,  overcome. 

Thur  railrwoad  chaps  disht  beaath  them 
anoat'tinklartaistrels.   Scoap.  p.  6,  line  6. 

Dish,  feast,  G. — Hollow-faced ;  femi- 
nine. In  the  horse  this  formation 
is  admired  as  a  sign  of  thorough- 
bredness. 

Dissen,  g. — To  outstrip. 
Peer  Lawson  gat  dissen'd. 

Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.    Stz.  5. 

Dissnins,  n.,  e.,  sw.  (dis.ninz)— 
The  eighth  part  of  a  mile  in  horse- 
racing. 

What,  monie  fwok  tell  us,  the  dissnins 
was  shiftit, 
The  neet  al'wore  startin. 

Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.    Stz.  3. 

Dispart :  see  Despart. 

Disremember,  g.— To  have  no  recol- 
lection of. 

He  disrembered  the  name  of  the  farmer. 
C.  Patr.    1893,  Dec.  8.    p.  7,  col.  1. 


Ditt,  c,  sw.  (dit) — To  stop  up. 

Div  :   see  Duv. 

Dix  :   see  Tan. 

Dixonaries,  g.  (diks.unermz)— A 
term  which  used  to  be  scornfully 
given  to  long  hard  words,  chiefly 
perhaps  to  latinized  words.  Powley. 
Confound  thy  dictates !  Let's  ha  nin  o' 
thy  dixonaries  here !  Echoes,  p.  141,  line  3. 

Dizzen,  c,  nw.,  n.  (diz.U'n) — To 
decorate,  adorn,  to  bedeck. 

"  She  was  o'  dizzent  out  like  a  lady." 

Dizzle  and  dozzle,  g.  (diz.U'l  u  n 
dauz.ul)— To  rain.    See  Pash. 

HOW  it  DIZZLED  AND  DOZZLED. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  102,  line  3. 

Dobbie,  c,  nw.  (daub.i)— A  piece 
of  wood  shaped  like  a  potato- 
masher,  and  used  for  barking 
small  branches.  A  dotard ;  a  bog- 
gle or  ghost.  "  Holme  dobbies  " 
is  a  term  of  reproach  applied  to 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Holme,  es- 
pecially Holme  St.  Paul. 
He's  nobbut  a  DOBBiE-hand — an  appren- 
tice or  tyro.  S.D.B. 
We  olas  co'd  'em  dobbies  or  freetnins. 

Lebby  Beck.  p.  3,  line  6. 
Then  off  theer  duds,  their  (sic)  dobbies 
doft.  Minstrel — Bridewain.    Stz.  39. 

— To  use  the  dobby. 

They  used  to  dobbie  sticks,  clow  trees — 
that  is,  clear  them  o'  moss. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Dobbin,  c,  nw.,  b.,  e.  (datjb.in)— An 
old  horse. 
Come,  Reuben,  whip  up  yer  dobbin. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  229,  line  3. 

Dockin,  g.  (dauk.in)  —  The  dock 
plant — Rumen  obt%*ifoli%t.  The  leaf 
of  the  dock  is  reputed  to  cure  the 
sting  of  a  nettle  when  rubbed  on 
•the  place,  at  the  same  time  the 
words,  "  Dockin  in,  nettle  out," 
must  be  said. 
He's  dadderin'  like  a  dockin. 

W.C.T.X.    1896.    p.  20,  col.  1. 


99 


Doctor,  g.  Penny  d. ,  a  Penni- 
less d.,  SW. — A  reddish  beetle — 
Aphodiu*  fimetarius.  It  is  a  favour- 
ite plaything  of  children  who, 
placing  it  on  the  back  of  the  hand 
to  see  if  it  will  bite  say,  "  Doctor  ! 
doctor  !  draw  blood,  Or  else  I'll 
kill  ye  cauld  deed!"  (J.  ar.).  Boys 
used  to  put  this  insect  on  sores  in 
the  hopes  of  curing  them  (R.K.). 
The  beetle  Sooky  bleud  is  at  times 
confounded  with  the  Doctor,  so 
.that  in  some  districts,  to  both  in- 
sects are  indiscriminately  applied 
the  characteristics  of  each.  Many 
specifically  different  insects  are 
called  by  these  names. 

Dod,  G.  (daud) — A  round  topped 
fell,  generally  an  offshoot  from  a 
larger  or  higher  mountain. 

Dodd  Fell,  Skiddaw  Dodd,  Hartsop  Dodd. 

Dodder  :   see  Dadder  and  Yur. 
Doddle  :   see  Daddle. 
Doddy  :   see  Cowey. 
Dode  :   see  Daud. 

Dodge,  c.,e.,n.,nw.(daudj).  Dadge, 
e.,  nw.  (daadj) — To  trudge ;    to 
plod  along  heavily. 
"  I  mun  gang  till  Kes'ick  wi'  him  !  " 
Nowte  agean't  said  Cursty  Benn, 
When  they  dadg't  away  togidder. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.  Stz.  3. 
Then  dadoed  we  to  the  bog  owr  meadows 
dree.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  9. 

Dodrotten,  c,  nc.  (daud.r'aut.U'n) 
— Godforsaken.     J.  Ar. 

Doe-belly't,  g.  (dau.bel.it)— A  bay 
or  brown  horse  having  flanks  and 
belly  of  a  fawn  colour. 

Dickinson.    1859. 

Doff,  G.  (dauf) — To  put  off;  to  un- 
dress. 

O'  just  as  if  he'd  niver  owder  doff't  his- 
sel'  sen  he  went  away." 

Gibson— T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  8. 

An'  doff  off  ye'r  churlishness  noo  when 
I's  here.      Richardson,  2nd.   p.  177,  line  66. 
H2 


Doff  boy,  c,  sw.,  n.  (bwaui) — A  stiff 
pudding  without  fruits. 

DoffiLn,  w— The  room  or  place  where 
the  miners  leave  any  superfluous 
clothing.     R.W.M. 

Dog-berry,  c,  nw.  (daug).  Dog 
ho,  N.,  nc. — The  fruit  of  the  Guel- 
der-rose—  Vibermim  qpulm  (W.H.). 
In  E.,  N.,  ne.  of  the  county,  Dog- 
berry is  applied  to  the  Mountain 
Ash. 
Poisoning  from  eating  red  Dogberries. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Sept.  2.     p.  4,  col.  6. 

Dog  cheap,  c,  e.,  sw. — Much  within 
its  value. 

Dog  daisy  :   see  Bennert. 

Dog  dyke,  c,  sw.  —  A  boundary 
without  a  fence,  where  dogs  were 
stationed  so  as  to  hound  back  tres- 
passers. 

Dog  fall,  G. — A  term  in  wrestling, 
used  when  the  two  opponents  fall 
to  the  ground  at  the  same  moment. 
Although  partisans  cried  for  a  dog-fall 
the  referee  gave  the  ticket  to  C — . 

C.  Patr.    1894,  July  13.    p.  7,  col.  4. 

Dog-fent,  c,  sw. — Timothy  grass — 
Plileum  pr<  dense. 

A  lang  bit  o'  Timothy  grass,  or  dog-feut 
grass.       C.  Pacq.   1893,  Nov.  9.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Dog-flower  :   see  White  gull. 

Dogger,  c,  ws.  (daug.U'R').  Dog,  b. 
Hack,  Obs. — To  beggar,  make 
bankrupt;  used  chiefly  in  refer- 
ence to  games  at  marbles. 
"  The  long  journey  dogs  me,  and  so  I  have 
not  been  home." 

We  dogger't  aw  t'  lot.      W.H. 

An,  Job,when  we  met  at  Cursmess  cairdins, 

Few  durst  laik  wi'  thee  an  me  ; 
When  we'd  hack't  the  lads  aw  roun  us. 
Anderson — Jeff.    Stz.  5. 

Dog  nwose,  e.  (nwaus) — A  com- 
pound of  hot  ale  and  gin,  formerly 
cold  ale  and  gin. 


100 


Dog  pig,  c,  E.,  nw.-A  castrated 
male  pig. 

Dog  trail,  g. — A  hound  race,  drag 
hunt.     See  Hoond  trail. 

Dolder,  c,  n.,  sw.  (daul.ddhu'r)— 
A  confused  state. 
Beath  on  us  was  in  a  queer  dolder  about 
t'  lile  lad.        Gilpin — Songs.  3rd.   p.  222. 

Doldrums,  c,  nw.  (daul,druomz) 
— Low  spirits. 

What's  come  over  Robbie  ?  .   .   .   What 
fettle  's  he  in — doldrums,  I  reckon. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  103,  line  10. 

Dollop,  G.  (daul.ut) — A  lump  ;  a 
large  share. 

A  peur  sooart  ov  a  body  if  she's  a  dollop 
— mucky,  idle,  shiftless. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Dolly,  G. — A  wooden  implement 
consisting  of  a  bar  with  cross- 
handle  at  the  one  end,  and  three 
or  four  short  legs  at  the  other, 
with  which  washerwomen  work 
the  dirty  clothes  in  the  washing- 
tub.     See  Poss. 

Ta   wesh  clias  is  ta   dolly   them   in  a 

DOLLY-TUB,  Wi'  DOLLY-LEGS,  ail'  a  DOLLY 

is  yan  'at  duzzant  gie  them  ower  mich 
dolly  afoor  they're  on  t'  dike. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Dull  as  a  dolly-stick. 

W.C.T.   1898,  Nov.  19.    p.  2,  col.  8. 

Don,  g.  (daun)  —  To  put  on,  to 
dress. 

Aa've  doft  my  cwoat,  how  can  I  donn  't  ? 
Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   V.  3. 

Theer'  pride  as  whisht  as  enny  moose, 
An'  pride  'at 's  don't  i'  rags. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  141,  line  3. 

Done,  be  — :  G—  Be  quiet ! 
I  tell  the',  be  deun. 

Gibson — Jwohnny.    Stz.  8. 

Done  out,  c,  e.,  nw.  (duon-oot)  — 
Fatigued,  exhausted. 

Cush,  man,   a  was  tired  ;    a  was  fairly 
dkun  oot.         Mary  Dhayson.    p.  7,  line  8. 


Donk,  ec,  sw.  (daunk)  — To  be 
damp ;  to  drizzle. 

It  donks  an'  dozzles  an    does,  but  niver 
cums  iv  any  girt  pell.  Gibson,   p.  173. 

Donky,<  \.  i;.,  sw.(daunk.i).  Thonky . 
E.,  sw.  (dhaun.ki)— Dank,  Dom 
weather — mist  and  rain. 
"  It's  a  donky  day  Ben,"  "  Ey,  rayder 
slattery,"  "Yesterday  was  varra  slashy." 
"  Ey,  parlish  soft." 

It  was  rayder  a  donky  wet  mwornln' 
when  I  left  Kessick. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  121,  line  8. 

Donnat,  g.  (daun.at)— Devil ;  an 
unruly  person  or  animal.  A  bad 
woman. 

Dulcineys,  douce  deames,an  deylt  donnets. 
Anderson — Aw  the  warl'sastage.  Iine41. 

That  fella  mun  be  t'  donnat  his-sel  an 
neah  man.  Scoap.    p.  219,  line  3. 

Donned  up,  E.— Dressed  in  best 
clothes. 

Donnican,E.(DAUN.iKUN).  Dunni- 
can  (duon.iku'n)— A  privy  ;  orig- 
inally a  fixed  rail  was  used  instead 
of  a  seat  board.    See  Laal  house. 

Doo,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (doo  ;  diuo).    Du, 
C,  E.,  NW.,  sw.  (deew  ;  dioo).  Doo- 
ment,  w.,  nc— A  feast,  a  merry- 
making ;  something  exciting. 
"  We'd  a  grand  doo  tudder  night." 

"  He's  done  his  do  "  ;  accomplished  his 

object. 

Anybody  reading  the  meeting  of  the  Board 

would  see  that  they  hed  hed  a  terrible 

duah.        C.  Patr.   1895,  Oct,  4.   p.  3,  col.  4. 

A  can  mind  weel  what  parlish  deuas 
there  used  to  be  at  weddings  ;  to  be  sure 
ivery  body  dudnt  mak  sec  dbuar 

.  Borrowdale.    p.  5,  line  5. 

Dook,  g.  (dook)  —  A  bath  in  the 
sea,  etc. 

"  Let's  ga  dawwn  to  t'  shooar  an  hev  a 
dook." 

Ah'll  see  what  a  dook  in  t'dam  thMfllduab 
for  the.    W.C.T.X.  (Supplt.)  1895.  p.3,col.J. 


101 


— To  bathe,  to  duck,  to  dive,  stoop. 
In  summer,  now  doukin  ;  now  catchin 
Tom-Beagles.    Anderson — Youth.  Stz.3. 

When  t'  pwoney  fell,  she  dook't  her  heed. 
Betty  Wilson.  .  p.  147,  line  8. 

Dooker :    see  Bessy  dooker  and 

Bluebill. 
Doon,  a  (doon)— To  knock  down, 

fell. 

"  Aa  doon't  him  at  V  furst  bat." 

(Ah  could  deuh  neah  less  ner  doon  her 
.  when  she  was  deuhan  her  best  teh  stob 
meh.  Scoap.    p.  60,  line  9. 

Doon  at  mooth,  g. — Dejected  ;  dis- 
pirited. 

She  was  terribly  doon  at  mooth  as  seunn 
as  she  gat  teh  knoa  she  wasn't  gaan  teh 
finnditoot.  Scoap.    p.  122,  line  5. 

Doonbank,  g.  (baank).     Inbank. 

—  Downwards,   down-hill.     Fig.: 

ageing  fast ;  growing  dissipated. 

Wey,  min,  it's  olas  gaan  doonbank,  an 

hoo  cant  miss  bit  fo  ?    Scoap.  p.  62,  line  12. 

Doon-by,  ne.,  nc. — Down  the  valley. 
Carlisle  is  doonby  from  Brampton. 

"  Which  way  are  you  going  ?  "  "  Doon- 
by."     R.W. 

Doon  come,  c,  Ns.,  e  (kuom) — A 
fall  in  price,  station  or  circum- 
stances. 

"  Noo  he's  brokken,  it's  a  tar-ble  doon- 
come  for  t'  fam'ly." 

Doon  fo',  g. — The  low  parts  around 
mountains  to  which  sheep  retire 
for  shelter  in  bad  weather ;  a  fall 
of  rain. 
"  We'll  hev  some  doon  fo'  er'  lang." 

Do  on- noose,  c,  sw.  (oos) — The 
back-kitchen,  the  principal  room 
in  the  house  being  called  the 
kitchen. 

Doon  liggin,  G.  (li.gin) — Lying  in, 
confinement. 

Doonstreeght,  g. — Downright. 

Theer  it  is,  eh  black  an  white,  upreeght 
an  doonstreeght.'       Scoap.   p. Ill, line  1. 


Doon  thump,  g.  (thuomp) — Honest, 
truthful,  earnest. 

It  nobbut  wantit  hole  an  inch  eh  beean 

two  feutt  thick  eh  real  doon  thump  bark. 

Scoap.    p.  231,  line  16. 

He's  a  varra  decent  down  thump  keynd 
ov  a  chap.        Mary  Drayson.    p.  8,  line  7. 

Doop,  E.,  SW,  nw.  (doop  ;  duop) — 
To  bend  down. 
Doop  doon  wi'  thi'  heed. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Doors,  c.,e.,  Ws.(doou'R'z  ;  dioou'R'z) 
— The  foldyard  before  the  doors. 

Door  stean,  g.    Doorstep,  g.  not  e. 
—The  threshold. 

He  in  with  his  foot  across  t'  door-stean. 
Rise  of  River,    p.  157,  line  5. 

Doose,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (doos) — A  slap. 

Efter  givvan  me  gentleman  a  few  mair 
dooses  ah  let  gang  on  em. 

Scoap.    p,  137,  line  9. 

—  Jolly,    hospitable,    open-handed, 
having  a  good  appearance,     (b.) 
Advanced  in  pregnancy. 
An'  Will !  weddin'  mead  him  douce,  care- 
ful, an'  stiddy. 
Gibson — Runaway  Wedding.    p.38,line3. 

But  yet,  my  douse  and  sonsy  deame, 
Thou's  ay  as  dear  to  me. 

Rayson — Jean.    p.  70,  line  3. 

"  Her  goon  is  raydher  dooce  for  her  " — 
meaning  too  large.      D.H. 

— To  slap. 

The  lance  corpler  douc'd  my  chops,  fer 
speakin. 

Anderson — Jurry  Jowlter.   line  31. 


Dootsam 

Doubtful. 


C,  N.,   E.  (DOO.TSU'M)  — 


Dope,  c,  e.,  nw.  (daup).      Dopy, 
c,  nw.  (dau.pi)— A  simpleton. 
A  "downo-canno  dope" — which  meant  a 
spiritless  simpleton. 

Lizzie  Lorton.   II.   p.  17,  line  2. 


102 


Dote,  c,  e.  (daut).  Dalt.  — A  speci- 
fied share  in  an  open  field,  etc.  ; 
as  a  peat  dote  ;  a  bracken  dote  ;  a 
hay  dote  ;  a  tangle  dote  on  the  sea 
shore  ;  and  also  of  a  fence  or  road  ; 
as  a  dyke  dote  ;  a  road  dote  ;  a  beck 
dote.  A  share  generally.  See 
Deal  land. 

Date  is  a  stone  fence  or  dyke,  but  a  wall 
generally,  it  being  the  chief  fence  in  the 
dales,  although  I  do  know  a  date  of  rail- 
ings. Pen.  Obs.  1898,  Feb.  1.  p.  6,  col.  7. 
That's  thy  dote,  an'  thoo'll  hev  to  mak't 
sarra.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  10. 

Do  thee,  c,  sw.  (diuo  dhee)— Used 
when  giving  an  order  or  command. 
"  Do  thee  gang  to  the'  wark." 

Dottle,  g.  (daut.U'l) — A  small  por- 
tion of  tobacco  remaining  uncon- 
sumed  in  the  pipe,  carefully  re- 
tained, and  used  as  a  priming  upon 
the  next  charge. 

Leanin  forret,  an'  knockin'  t'  dottle  oot 
o'  his  pipe.         W.C.T.X.   1894.   p  12,  col.  2. 

Dottley,  c.  (daut.U'Li)— A  clay 
marble  rough-burnt  —  also  called 
"  clayey."     B.D.B. 

Dottrel,  G.  (daut.R'U'l)— A  dotard  ; 
one  who  is  silly  by  nature. 
Sec  worn-out  daft  dottrels  sud  ay  beware 
Ov  beauty.     Anderson.   Aul  Ben.   Stz.  7. 

Double  noddin,  Double-decker  : 
see  Cum  keak. 

Doup,  G.  (doop)  —  Buttocks,  gene- 
rally used  in  a  ridiculous  sense. 
See  Howe  doup. 

He  went  down  sic  a  flop  on  his  doup.  J.  Ar. 

While  monie  tuim  the  reemin  stoup, 
That  thraws  the  strangest  on  his  doupe. 
Anderson — Tea.    1820.    Stz.  5. 

Dour,  N.,  nw,  NC—  Gloomy,  sullen. 
Dour  an'  durty — house  aw  clarty ! — 
See  her  set  at  tea. 

Anderson — Ill-gien  Weyfe.   Stz.  9. 

Dovera  :  see  Yan. 


Dow,  g.(dauw  ;  daaw)— Good,  help, 
usefulness,  virtue  ;  profit. 
"Mair  din  nor  dow" — more  noise  than 
work. 

"  He's  nought  at  dow  " — not  reliable. 
A  nanny  pet  lam'  maks  a  dwinin'  yowe, 
Not  yen  oot  o'  ten  iver  dis  dow.       Prov. 
In  aw  her  flegmagaries  donnt, 
What  is  she  ? — nowt  'et  dowe! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown,    stz.  7. 
When  a  person  is  not  likely  to  recover 
from  an  illness  it  is  said  of  him,  "He'll 
du  nea  dow."      Ellwood. 
A  whusslin'  lass  an  a  bellerin  cow 
An  a  crowin'  hen  '11  deu  nea  dow.    Prov. 

— To  be  useful  or  good.  To  prosper, 
thrive.  With  negative :  to  be  re- 
luctant. 

Poor  Will  Smith  gat  sec  a  scarin  he  niver 
now'Tefter.  Muncaster  Boggle,  p.  7,  line  ?. 
For  me,  I  downet  gang. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  2. 

Dowdlin',  nw.,  sw.,  nc.  (dauw.- 
dlu'N;  daud.lu'n)— Moping,  spirit- 
less, sulky,  retiring. 
She  just  sits  dowdlin'  i'  the  neuks. 

Songs,    p.  11,  line  12. 

Dowin,  e.  (dauw.in).  Ten  o'clock, 

e.,  B. — A  small  luncheon  eaten  sit- 
ting in  the  field  when  there  is  no 
time  for  a  regular  meal ;  a  snack. 
See  Horndoon. 

He  had  his  ten  o'clock  and  did  not  feel 
hungry.      C.  Patr.  1899,Mar.31.  p.6,col.7. 

Dowly, g.(dauw.li).  Dowy, c.,n.,e. 

(dauw.i)— Down-hearted,  sorrow- 
ful ;  lonesome  as  applied  to  places. 
It  is  a  dowly  pleace  when  winter  neeghts 
growe  lang. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.  Stz.  2. 
When  he  land  ah  was'nt  sec  a  sack  less  as 
he'd  teaan  men  teh  be,  he  began  teh  leuck 
rayder  DOWLEY-like.       Scoap.    p.  9,  Km  •'<• 

Dowp,  c.,n.,sw.  (dauwp)— A  bay  in 
a  lake;  a  recess.  See  Corby, 
Howe  doup. 

Dowr,  Dowra  :   sec  Yan. 


103 


Dozen't,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (dauz.U'nt) — 
Spiritless  and  impotent ;  stupified. 
"He  knock't  me  flat,  an'  ah  was  fairly 

dozen't." 

Tou's  turnt  grousome,  bare,  an  dozent. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Sbz.  6. 

A  dozend  lile  dope  wha  guv  nobbut  a 
slut's  slake  ower  her  wark. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  83,  line  1. 

Dozzle,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (dauz.tj'l).  Doz- 
zen,  c.,N.  (dauz.U'n) — A  shapeless 
lump.  Lumpy  badly  made  porridge 
is  "  oa  lumps  an'  dozzles." 
When  they  axt  if  aa  selt  it  (butter)  i' 
punds — nay,  sez  I,  .  .  .  aa  sell't  i'  lumps 
and  dozzels.         Cumbriana.    p.  231,  line  6. 

Drabble, g. (dr'AAB.ltl).    Drabble- 
ty,  no. — To  draggle;  to  become 
wet  and  dirty  by  dragging. 
To  drabble  doon  by  Emmelton  throo'  t' 
blindin  sleet  an'  snow. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  12,  col.  1. 

Drabbly,  Gh  (dr'aab.li)  —  Dirty, 
muddy. 

It's  a  lang  drabbly  rwoad,  an'  I  went  a 
gay  shack, 
For  it  started  to  rain. 

Yance-a-Year.    p.  25,  line  8. 

Draff,  g.  (dr'Aaf) — Brewer's  grains, 
refuse.  u  As  wet  as  draff  " — very 
wet. 

I  fed  it  on  Monday  wi'  draff  and  hay. 
C.  Patr,  (Supplt.)    1895,  Feb.  22.    col.  7. 

Gin  ye'll  eat  that  digested  draff. 

Daft  Bargain,    line  6. 

Draffy,  G.  not  e.  (dr' a af.i)— Ex- 
hausted. 

All's  as  draffy  as  can  be,  an'  sweet  wi' 
nowt.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Dec.  28. 

Draft,  G.  (dr'Iaft) — A  team  of 
horses  or  oxen.     See  also  Drift. 
Theear  was  nowder  man,  meear,  nor  car. 
Joe  Nobel  was  flay't  he'd  lost  t'  better 
hoaf  ov  his  draft. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  55,  line  12. 

A  draught  of  horses  were  standing  idle. 
•      C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  31.    p.  6,  col.  7. 


Draft  sheep,  g.     Tops,  Ns.  e. — A 

selection  made  annually  of  the  best. 

Drag,  G.  (draag) — A  three  pronged 
fork  used  for  drawing  manure  from 
the  cart,  etc.     The  scent  of  a  fox, 
etc. 
A  couple  o'  tatie  drags  an'  a  scrapple. 

W.C.T.X.    1898.    p.  20,  col.  1. 

T"  dogs  went  roond  an'  gat  on  t'  drag. 

Lamplugh.    p.  6. 

Drake -catcher  :   see  Churr  mo'. 

Draker :  see  Daker,  Leatherwing. 

Drammock,  e.  (dr'aam.U'k)  —  A 
mixture  of  oatmeal  and  water. 
(n.e.)  Wet  as  drammock — soaking 
wet,  wet  through. 

Draw,  c,  e.,  nw.  (dr'Alt).  Draa,  sw. 
(dr'Aa) — To  overtake. 

"He's  off,  bit  we'll  seunn  draw  him." 

Draw- to,  EC. — An  accustomed  meet- 
ing-place.    E.D.D. 

Drayk't,  Dreak't :  see  Dreuv't. 

Dree,    g.  (dr'ee)  —  Slow,    lasting, 
lengthy,  tiresome.    Fig. :  bad,  dis- 
mal. 
"T'is  a  dree  rwoad  'at  niver  hez  a  turn." 

A  dree  look  out  for  him.      J.  Ar. 

Winter  dark  an'  dree. 

Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.    Stz.  3. 

A  heap  eh  level  grund  at's  sooa  mickle 
dree  theer  varra  nar  neah  end  teuh't. 

Scoap.    p.  221,  line  9. 

— To  (1)  move  slowly ;  (2)  endure, 
suffer ;  (3)  to  last  through. 
A  mark  'at  seems  as  time  (1)  drees  on  to 
deepen  mair  an'  mair. 

Gibson — Billy  Watson.    Stz.  4. 

How  her  luik  I  (2)  dree. 

Anderson — Ill-gien  Weyfe.    Stz.  10. 

(3)  Dree  out  the  inch  when  ye've  tholed 
the  span.  Gibson — Proverb,   p.  173. 

Dreen,  c.  (dr'EEU'n)— The  gratified 
note  of  the  cow  during  milking. 


104 


Dreepe,  G.  not  e.  (dr  eep) — A  melan- 
choly tone. 

— To  speak  slowly. 

Dreesum,  G.  (dree.su'm)— Tiresome, 
lengthy. 
It  wos  langsome  and  dreesome. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  3,  line  8. 

Drengage —  An  extremely  servile 
tenure  which  formerly  prevailed 
in  parts  of  the  county. 

Dreuv't,  c.  (driuovt).  Drook't, 
(dr'OOKt).  Dreeav't,  sw. 
(dreeavt).  Dreakt,  n.  (driaekt) 
— Saturated  with  water.  This  term 
is  commonly  applied  to  slaked  lime 
when  very  wet.    The  old  term  was 

MUDDY. 

Dreuvy,  b.,  sw.  (dr'iu.vi)  —  Water 
is  so  called  when  not  quite  clear, 
especially  from  half-melted  snow ; 
muddy,  dirty. 

The  roads  are  rather  drewvy  after  the 
snow.      Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  213,  line  16. 

Driddle,  c.  (dr'ID.U'l)— To  dribble, 
sprinkle. 

A  girt  lang  copper  pipe  at  coh  through  t' 
reuff  driddlt  soat  on  them. 

Scoap.     p.  97,  line  6. 

Drife,  stouren  — :  ec,  e.  (dr'aeif) — 
A   great    snowstorm  ;    whirling, 
blinding  thick  snowstorm. 
Through  hours  of  fearful  stouran  drife. 
Echoes — Pack-horse  bell.  Stz.  8. 

Drift,  c,  ws.  (drift).  Dmft,  c,  w. 
(druoft).  Draft,  c,  e.  (draaft). 
— A  drove  of  sheep. 
A  boy  on  the  road  was  driving  a  herd  of 
sheep  before  him.  One  drift  of  the  sheep 
was  marked  with  a  red  cross,  and  the 
other  drift  with  a  black  patch. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  209,  line  10. 

Hold  on!   ah've  a  terrable  big  druft  o' 
sheep.      C.  Pacq.   1893,  Oct.  12.   p.  6,  col.  2. 

Drift  road,  G. — A  way  over  which 
a  person  has  a  right  of  driving 
cattle,  etc.  through  his  neighbour's 
field,  but  not  for  any  other  pur- 
poses. 


Drill.    Obs.— To  twirl. 
F  th'  nuok  as  she  sat  drillin' 
Her  pund  leyne  gairn. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  28. 

Drink  heal,  c.,n.,  Ws.  (drink-iaal) 
— Very  able  to  drink.  See  Meat- 
heal. 

Drip,  G.  (dr'Ip) — "  As  white  as  drip  " 
— brilliantly  white. 
Corduroy  britches,  as  white  as  drip! 

Gibson— Tom  Railton.    p.  148,  line  4. 

Driss,  o,  sw.,  e.  (dris).  Druss, 
c,  Ns.,  e.  (druos)— To  dress ;  to 
repair,  to  cleanse  from  refuse, 
clean. 

Aw  hands  used  to  sally  forth  intill  t'  barn 
to  dress  up  t'  cworn. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Sept.  21.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

T'  oald  fwok  were  drist  in  duffel  blue. 

Cumbriana.    p.  237,  line  13. 

Sent  for  oald  Lott  teh  druss  t'  parler  clock. 
SCOAP.     p.  148,  line  7. 

Driss  butter,  c,  sw.  (dris  buotth.- 
U'r) — To  work  up  and  make  fresh 
butter  into  cakes  and  pounds. 
Wid  milkin'an'churnin^an'laitin'in  eggs, 
An'  drissin'  o'  butter. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  240,  line  1. 

Drisser,  G.  (dris.U'r).  Drusser,  n. 
(dr'UOS.U'r) — The  crockery  shelf. 

A  gart  drusser  i'  t'  far  side  o'  t'hoose,  wid 
rows  o'  breet  pewder  plates  an'  dishes. 

Borrowdale.    p.  4,  line  15. 

The  dresser,  that  pride  of  a  north-country 
house,  was  quite  without  the  shine  and 
glitter  of  beeswaxed  wood  and  polished 
brass.  Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  174,  line  3. 

Drissin' ,  G.  (dr'IS.un)— A  whipping. 

An  he  who  seizes  my  bit  Ian 
Desarves  a  rough  soun  drissin. 

Anderson — The  Invasion.    Stz.  5. 

Drive,  G.,  (draaiv) — Force,  action, 
impetus. 

"  Our  hay-knife's  square  mouth't  and  hez 
nea  drive  wid  it." 


105 


— G. — In  Cumberland  the  plough  is 
driven,  not  the  horses.  To  delay  ; 
put  off  (obs.). 

Some  lads  court  fearful  hard,  yet  still 
Put  off  and  drive  and  dally. 

Relph — New  Ballat.    Stz.  4. 

Dromedary :   see  Teetotaller. 

Drook't :   see  Dreuv't. 

Droon  t'  miller,  g.  Hang  t' 
baker,  sw.  —  Applied  to  house- 
wives when  they  have  put  more 
water  into  the  kneading  pan  than 
the  meal  can  take  up,  and  are 
obliged  to  borrow  meal  from  a 
neighbour.  Similar  also  to  the  ex- 
pression "  Outrun  the  constable." 
One  whose  liquor  has  been  diluted 
too  much,  will  say  that  the  miller 

HAS  BEEN  drowned  (S.D.B.). 
Ah  finnd  ah  mun  be  fworct  teh  hoa  rayder, 
or  ah'll  he  a  danger  o'  droonan  t'  miller 
en  t'  offgang.  Scoap.   p.  5,  line  18. 

Drooty :   see  Drufty. 

Drop-box,  G. — A  small  box  having 

a  slit  in  the  lid,  through  which 

money   can   be   dropped    inside  ; 

generally    used    by   children   for 

storing  small  savings. 

Drop  dry,  g.  (draup  draai) — Not 

allowing  a  single  drop  of  water  to 

pass  through. 
Dropetty,    w.   (draup.U'Ti) —  The 

game  of  Knur  and  Spell,  or  Spell 

and  Bo'.     j.n.d. 

Droppy,  g.  (dr'AUP'i)— Rainy,  be- 
ginning to  rain. 

"  What  sort  of  weather  have  you  been 
having  up  here  lately  ?  "  "  Why,  it's  been 
vara  droppy  oa  t'  week  till  Setterday, 
when  it  took  up." 

Drouth,  c,  b.,  n.,  sw.  (drooth). 
Droot,  e.  (dr'OOt)— Thirst. 

Druft,G.(DRUOFT)-Drought,  dryness. 

At  last  their  druft  was  fairly  past  aw 
bidin',  an'  they  went  intill  a  public-hoose, 
an'  crav't  a  glass. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  153,  line  13. 


Druftit,  g. 
land). 


•Parched,  dried  up  (of 


Drufty,  g.  (dr'UOF.ti).  Drooty, c,  e. 
Droughty  (weather),  dry  from 
thirst. 

A  lot  o'  drufty  fellows  sat  wid  hearts  an' 
spirits  leet.       W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  12,  col.  1. 

They'd  shelled  oot  as  much  brass  as  wad 
keep  ivvery  droothy  throppl'  in  t'  villidge 
slockened.     W.C.T.  1898,  Mar.  12.  p.  2,  col.  4. 

Drummer,  nc.  (druom.U'R')  —  The 
Wall  brown  butterfly  —  Papilio 
magcera    (G.D.). 

Drush  down,  c,  sw.  (drtjosh 
doon)  —  To  rush  down;  to  fall 
suddenly. 

Dry,   c,  sw.,  e.  (draai);  n.,  nw. 
(dr'aei) — Thirsty. 
When  he's  dry — he'll  deu  varra  nar  owt 
for  a  gill.  W.C.T.H.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

Dry  Ask  :   see  Ask. 

Dry-bellied  Scot,  nw. — An  obsolete 
game,  of  which  I  have  been  un- 
able to  obtain  any  description. 
There's  some  will  play  drybellied  Scot. 
Random  Rhymes,    p.  8,  line  2. 


Dry   bowk,   G. 

vomiting. 


An  attempt  at 


Dry-cock,  g. — On  about  the  third 
day  or  so  after  cutting,  the  hob- 
cocks  are  spread  out,  and  then  the 
grass  is  seanged,  or  windrowed 
again,  and  then  put  into  dry-cocks, 
which  are  three  or  four  times  as 
large  as  hob-cocks,  j.h. 
When  t'  hay  was  i'  -dry-cock,  or  t'  cworn 
ruddy  for  hoosin'. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  5,  line  8. 

Dry  wo',  G— A  wall  built  without 
mortar. 

It's   trewe  ;    as   trewe   as    a    dry-wo-er 
plumb.  Scoap.    p.  170,  line  8. 

Du:   see  Doo. 


106 


Dub,  G.  (duob)— A  small  but  deep 
pond  or  pool ;  a  piece  of  smooth 
and  deep  water  in  a  river ;  water- 
ing pool  near  a  farmhouse  ;  place- 
name,  as  Holme  Dub.  "  Ower  the 
dub  " — over  the  ocean.  A  heavy- 
blow  with  the  fist  or  head. 

Nine  ducks  dabblin'  away  in  laal  dubs  o' 

durtywatter.  Richardson,  1st.  p.  72,  line  5. 

The  clear  blue  green  dubs  of  the  Derwent. 

W.C.T.   1898,  July  2.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

The  hero  whurl'd  him  wi'  his  fit, 
Fast  roun'  his  duibs  aye  dealin'. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  3. 

Dub,  C,  Ws- To  clip  off  the  combs 
and  wattles  preparatory  to  fighting. 

Dubersom',  c,  sw.  (dioo.bu'R'Suom) 
— Dubious ;  in  some  doubt. 
Aunt  Mattie  was  dubersome,  as  she  called 
it,  about  the  whole  affair. 

Todhunter's.    p.  283,  line  3. 

Dubler,  a,  ec.  (duob.lur').  Dibler, 
Ns.,  e.,  sw.  (dib.lu'R')  —  A  large 
earthenware,  wooden  or  pewter 
dish. 

The   dubler  was  brong  in  wi'  wheyte 
breed  an  brown. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-neet.   Stz.  5. 

Upstairs  an'  doon  fwoke  thrimmelt  out 
Ther  sixpenzes  to  th'  dibbler  ; 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  31. 

Duck ;  Ducky,  g.  (duok.).  Cockly- 
jock,  E.  (kauk.li  jwauk)  —  A 
piece  of  flat  stone  about  10  in. 
square  being  laid  on  the  ground, 
duckies  or  stones  of  the  size  of  a 
goose  egg  are  bowled  at  it;  the 
ducky  lying  furthest  off  is  then 
placed  on  the  -flag  and  attempts 
are  made  to  knock  it  off  with  the 
other  duckies.  If  he  whose  ducky 
has  to  be  placed  on  the  flag  can, 
whilst  picking  it  up,  '  tig '  another 
player,  then  it  becomes  the  duty 
of  this  latter  to  place  his  stone  on 
the  flag  or  ducky-stone. 

Duck  Havver :  sec  Hawer  Grass. 


Dud,  g. — Dud  is  not  used  except  in 
conjunction  with  some  qualifying 
word,  thus  "  useless  dud,"  "  lazy 
dud,"  and  is  applied  only  to  females. 
"  When  it  is  said  of  a  woman  that 
she's  neah  dud,  it  is  meant  that  she 
is  not  slovenly  nor  lazy"  (R.w.). 
A  rag  (Brockett). 

Thou  wad  mak  twice  o'  oor  Mary,  an'  she's 
neah  dud.      Betty  Wilson,   p.  146,  line  12. 

Duddy  fuddiel,  n.e.  (duod.1  fuod.- 
iel)  —A  ragged  fellow. 

Duds,  g.  (duodz)— Clothes,  but  of 
poor  quality;  "Bits  o'  duds"— the 
scanty  wardrobe  of  indigence. 
Seah,  I  pack't  up  my  duds,  an'  set  oil'  ;it 
yance.  Richardson,  1st.    p.  51,  line  4. 

Whene'er  she  gaz'd  at  beggars  peer, 
She  gev  them  brass,  or  duds  to  weer. 

Anderson — Aul  Marget.   Stz.  3. 

Duffle,  g.  (duof.U'l)— Coarse  wool- 
len cloth,  generally  blue,  much 
worn  in  the  days  of  home  manu- 
factures. 

His  jacket  blue  duffle,  his  stockins  coarse 
gairn.     Anderson — Soldier  Yeddy.  Stz.l. 

Duffy,  c,  E.,  nw.  (duof.i) — Spongy  ; 

soft  and  woolly  ;  as  finest  dust. 

They  send  us  their  wheat  hard  as  shot, 

While  ours  is  but  duffy  an'  dull. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  244,  line  13. 

Dulbert,  g.  (duokburt)  —  A  dull 
boy  or  man ;  a  dunce. 
A  girt  dulbert  'at  wad  rayder  grapple  for 
troots  ner  grapple  wid  t'  rule  o'  three. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  18,  col.  1. 

Dumb  folk  heirs  nae  Ian' — Said 
when  anything  is  to  be  or  has  been 
obtained  by  speaking.    Prov. 

Dumbwife,  g.(duom.waaif;  waeif) 
— Formerly  a  dumb  person  was 
believed  to  have  a  knowledge  of 
futurity,  and  hence  fortune-tellers 
were  called  dumbwives. 
The  dum  wkvkk  sal  tellin'  their  fortunes, 
Wi'  chawk  on  a  pair  "V  aul  bellow*. 
Anderson      Sally  Gray.    Bts.6. 


107 


Dumdolly,  NC. — A  soft  shapeless 
mass  such  as  a  poultice  on  a  fes- 
tered finger. 

Dummel-heead,  c,  Ws.  (duom.ux) 
— A  blockhead. 

It's  a  fair  sham,  a  girt  dummel-heead  ;  it 
hes  a  feass  for  owte. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  32,  line  3. 

Dummy,  G.  (duom.i) — A  dumb  per- 
son. 

Dump  :   see  Dunsh. 

Dumpty,  g.  (duom.ti) — Short  and 
thick  ;  sometimes  used  substan- 
tively. 

Dumpy  coo,  c,  nw.  (duom.pi  koo). 
Putty  coo.  Bunsan  coo,  c,  K, 
sw.  (buon.su'n  koo) — A  cow  given 
to  attacking  people. 

Dunder  heed,  g.  (duon.itr-eed  ; 
duon.ddhu'R')— A  blockhead. 

The  sleepiest,  slowest,  warst  o'  Buits, 
Is  dunderheaded  Joe  ! 

Joe  the  Buits.    p.  16,  line  12. 

Dun  Diver  :   see  Gravel  duck. 

Dung  ower,  g.  (duong) — Exhaus- 
ed ;  upset :  pret.  of  Ding. 

He  was  fairly  dun  ower  for  owt  else,  he 
cud  still  rwor  oot. 

Dickinson — Lamplugh.    p.  5. 

Dunner,  g.  (duon.U'R') — To  shake, 
tremble  with  an  accompaniment 
of  rumbling. 

T"  kitchen  fair  dunner't  when  t'  train 
went  by.      J.  Ar. 

Dunsh,  g.  (duonsh).  Dump,  not  nw. 

Nub,   not  n.     Nudge   (nuoj) — 

A  blow  with  the  elbow  or  knee. 

Bob  .  .  .  gev  Libby  a  dunch  wid  his  elbo'. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  91,  line  19. 

Ah  gev  me  comred  a  nub  noo. 

Scoap.    p.  184,  line  2. 

—To  butt  with  the  elbow  or  knee  or 
horn ;  to  jog  secretly  and  so  call 
attention. 


When  Trammel  cleekt  her  on  his  tnee, 
She  duncht  an'  puncht. 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  5. 

When  they't  finisht  t'  cards  my  matey 
nubbt  meh  eh  me  bed.  Scoap.  .p.  234,  line  16. 

T"  mistress  is  killt ;  theer  a  cow  dumpt 
her  down.  Cumbriana.    p.  259,  line  8. 

Durdum   (duor'D.U'm) — A  disturb- 
ance ;  noisy  scolding. 
"  What  a  durdom  !  "  said  an  old  woman 
when  she  first  saw  a  railway  train  in 
motion.  Sullivan,    p.  83. 

Aa  !  sec  a  durdem,  Nichol  says, 
They've  hed  in  eve'ry  town  ! 
The  king  thowt  war  wad  rain  aw. 

Anderson — Peace.    Stz.  1. 

Durtment,  g.  (duort.mu'nt) — Any- 
thing valueless,  despicable  or  taw- 
dry. 

They  may  brag  o'  their  feyne  Carel  lasses, 
Their  fedders,  silks,  durtment,  an  leace. 
Anderson — Sally  Gray.    Stz.  7. 
Pizzelan  away  wih  t'  hacks  amang  durt- 
ment. Scoap.    p.  224,  line  24. 

Dust,  g.  (duost) — Money;  uproar, 
disturbance.     "  Kick  up  a  dust  " — 
make  a  disturbance. 
It's  time  we  had  another  dust  ;  it  is  a  year 
since  we  had  one. 

C.  Patr.  1893,  Dec.  1.  p.  3,  col.  3. 
"  I'll  lig  six  to  four  !  "  —  "  Done  !  come, 
down  wi'  the  dust." 

Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.    Stz.  4. 

Generally  meade  up  sum  udder  excuse  fur 
hevin'  a  dust  at  yan  anudder. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.     p.  6,  col.  4. 

— To  beat,  thrash.  "  Dust  his  jacket " 
— thrash  him. 

Many  a  dozen  gat  their  jackets  and  nether 
garments  dusted. 

C.  Pacq.  1893,  May  11.  p.  6,  col.  1. 
He  said  he  would  dust  him. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Oct.  9.   p.  3,  col.  4. 

Dutiful,  G. — Taking  interest  in  the 
work,  and  doing  as  much  or  more 
than  a  master  reasonably  expects. 


108 


Duv,  c.  (duov).  Div,  n.,  e.  (div) — 
Do — used  chiefly  in  asking  ques- 
tions in  the  first  person  singular, 
as  "Duv  I?" 

Neabody  hereaboot  'ill  think  a  lal  lock  o' 
steans  worth  meddlin'  on,  sa  lang  as  they 
oivn't  lig  i'  the'r  rwoad. 

Gibson— T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  12,  line  1. 

Well,  what  div  ye  think  ye  hear  her  say  ? 
Betty  Wilson,     p.  13,  line  14. 

"I  wish'd  him  weel  again,  and  seun  to 

woak." 
"  And  sea  dov  I— but  did  ye  kill  the  hares  ?  " 
Graham — Gwordy.    line  30. 

Dwalla,  g.  (dwaal.U')— To  wither ; 
to  turn  yellow  with  decay. 

If  it  sud  rain  on  St.  Swithin's  day 
We're  feckly  sarrat  wi'  dwalla'd  hay. 

Saying. 
Sweet  is  this  kiss  as  smell  of  dwallowed 
hay.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  18. 

When  hay  lays  till  it  grows  yellow  next  to 
the  ground  we  say  it  is  dwallowed.    J.H. 

Dwam,  g.  (dwaam) — Swoon. 
Dwammy-like,  G. — Feeling  faint. 

Dwine,  g.  (dwaain).    Dwinxiel,  c, 

nw,  n.  (dwin.U'l)  —  To  wither 
slowly,  decline  in  health ;  dwindle, 
waste  away. 

He  dwined  through  t'  winter  dark  an'  dree. 
Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.    Stz.  3. 

He's  dwinnelt  away  to  an  atomy. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  29,  line  6. 

Dyke,  c,  sw.  (daaik).  Deyke,  n. 
nw.  (daeik) — A  hedge  whether  of 
stone  or  thorn  ;  oftener  used  for  a 
bank  than  a  ditch,  though  indif- 
ferently applied  to  both.  A  fault 
in  the  coal  strata. 
The  sow  ran  for  a  gap  in  the  dyke. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  5.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

The  chase  was  continued  over  dykes  and 
becks.      E  C.News.  1893,  Ap  15.  p. 8, col. 6. 

Don't  flow'rs  bloom  as  fair,  under  onie 

tliworn  dyke. 

Anderson — Cummerland  Farmer.   Stz.  7. 


— To  form  a  fence  or  hedge ;  to  fence 
in. 
A  garden  dyk't  in  is  my  sister. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.    IV.,  12. 

I  can  deyke,  men  car-gear. 

Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  4. 

Dyke-back,  g— The  back  of  a  hedge. 
Let's  cour  down  i'  this  deyke-back. 

Stagg — Old  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  6. 

Dyke    gutter,  G. — A  ditch  at  the 
bottom  of  a  hedge. 
Turn  her  oot  intil  a  dike  gutter  ? 

Gibson — Yan  o'  t'  Elect,    p.  131. 

Dykie,  c,  e.,  n.  (da.ai.ki).      Blue 
dykie,    nw.      Creepy   dyke. — 

Hedge  Sparrow — Accentor  modularix. 

On  the  Borders  it  is  called  Hemplin 

(H.M.). 

Dyl't :   see  Deyl't. 

Dyster,  g.  (daai.stthur) — A  dyer. 


E 


Ea,  e.,  ne.,  sw.  (eeu')  —  Outlet  of 
lime-kilns  (J.P.).  Channel  of  stream. 
"  Hows  t'  eaa  ? "  i.e.  How  is  the 
water  running  1  (Ellwood).  See 
Killee. 

Ear,  g.  (eetj'r).  Near,  sw.,  nw. 
(neeu'R') — The  kidney,  (c.)  The 
ears  of  a  cart  are  pieces  of  iron  at 
each  side  of  the  endboard. 

Ear-bit :   Bee  Lug-mark. 

Ear-brig,  G.  (eeur'.brig)  —  These 
are  both  on  the  bottom  of  the  cart 
screwed  to  the  shafts,  the  one  on 
the  fore-end,  the  other  on  the 
hinder  end  ;  the  bar  which  goes 
across  the  top,  and  on  which  the 
driver  sits  with  his  feet  on  the 
earbrig,  is  called  the  top  fore-end. 

T'  skelvins  was  oa  brokken,  t'  earbrig 
was  sooa  rotten  at  t'  corner  staps  steaad 
oa  ajy.  Scoap.  .  p.  219,  line  18 


109 


Ear  fat,  G. — The  fat  surrounding 
the  kidneys. 

Eastat',  sw.  (ee.stut) — Easthwaite 
in  Netherwastdale.  Thwaite  is 
thus  shortened  in  some  instances, 
but  not  in  all. 

Easter  customs.— Something  new, 
no  matter  how  small  or  valueless, 
must  be  worn  on  Easter  Sunday. 
At  Workington  it  was  the  custom 
on  Easter  Monday  for  men  to  lift 
women  in  the  street  by  one  leg  and 
one  arm,  and  on  Easter  Tuesday 
the  women  did  it  to  the  men. 
Another  custom  was  for  the  men 
to  take  oft' the  women's  shoes,  and 
the  women  used  to  take  the  men's 
shoes  off  and  keep  them  till  they 
paid  a  forfeit. 

On  Easter  Sunday  each  Innkeeper 
presents  his  customers  with  a  pint 
of  mulled  ale  which  has  been  mixed 
with  eggs  and  rum. 
In  Eskdale  people  eat  for  their  din- 
ner Spotted  Dick  and  fig  pudding 

(W.C.T.     1898,  Ap.  9.     p.  2,  col.  1).       See 

Uppies,  Peass. 

Easter-mun-jiands,  c.  (ee.stthu'R'- 
mu'-jaai.itnts),  and  Easter  May- 
Giants,  c,  e.  Waster  ledges, 
N.,  e.  Pudding  grass,  w. — The 
Snake  weed — Polygonum  bistorta,  a 
common  ingredient  in  herb  pud- 
dings. 

Seein'  a  nice  bed  ov  Easter-mer-gients, 
Ah  pull't  two  or  three  han'ful. 

•  Betty  Wilson,    p.  110,  line  14. 

Eater-point — A  mining  term  for 
the  point  formed  by  the  junction 
of  two  underground  roads  at  an 
acute  angle.     r.w.m. 

Eath  (aeth).    Eathly  (ae.thli)— 

Easy ;  easily.     Obs. 

O  lastin  stain !  even  yet  it's  eith  to  treace 

A  guilty  conscience  in  my  blushen  feace. 

Relph — Harvest,    p.  4,  line  5. 

Now  what  was  in  't,  or  what  was  done, 
Is  eithly  seen.      Daft  Bargain,   line  23. 


Eavelong,  e.  (eeu'.vlu'ng)— Oblong. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Ebben,  e.,  nw.,  sw.  (eb.tj'n)  —  To 
aim  at ;  to  intend  ;  to  liken. 
He  evens  me  to  a  corby ! 

Love  of  a  Lass.    1891.    p.  14,  line  3. 

— G. — Even,  level ;  straight,  direct. 
Frequently  in  combination  as 
below. 

T  grunstane  splat  ebben  in  two. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  34,  line  4. 
They  beath  glower't  ebben  at  meh  ! 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  197,  line  11. 
Away  we  set   .   .   .   ebbem  up  t'  deal. 

Gibson — Joe.  p.  2,  line  4. 
Thy  teeth's  like  a  flock  o'  sheep  'at's 
ebben  shworn. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.    IV.    2. 
Eb'm,  a.  (eb.U'm) — "  A  bad  eb'm  " — 
one  of  bad  character  or  habits. 

Eb'n  endways,  g.  (eb.itn  end.witz) 
Ebben-on,  w. — Continuous,  with- 
out interruption. 

"He  rnendit  eb'n  endways." 

"  Well !  how  is  t'a  ?  "    "  Ebben  on,  much 

o'  one."      J.  Ar. 

This  he  maddelt  aboot  ebben  endways 

away.      Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.   Stz.21. 

Eb'n  doon  thump,  g.  (eb.U'n  doon 
thuomp)  —  Honestly  and  truth- 
fully, in  earnest.  See  Doon- 
thump. 

Now,  aw  cut  an  cleek'd  frae  their  neybors, 
'Twa  even  down  thump,  pull  an  haul. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Weddin.   Stz.  15. 

He  was  dadderin' . . .  wid  ebben  doon  coald. 
W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  13,  col.  2. 

Ebn  fornenst,  g.(eb.U'n  fu'R'NENst). 
Ebn  anenst  (u'NENst).  Ebn 
afooar  (tj'FOOU'R')— Directly  oppo- 
site. 

"it's  eb'm  fornenst  yon  oald  smiddy." 
They  gat  ebben  fornenst  me. 

Gibson— Oxenfell  Dobby.  p.  93,  line  1. 
Ah  hev't  ebbm  afoor  me  feaace,  just  as 
plain  as  if  it  hed  oa  happent  yisterday. 

Scoap.    p.  4,  line  21. 


110 


'Ed,  o.  (id;  it;  t)— The  final  -ed 

of    the    past    tenses    becomes   't 
as  stay'T  for  stayED,   scrattiT  for 
scrattED,  dadg'T  for  dadgED,  etc. 
Jwohn  pinch't  an'  spar't,  an'  tew't  an' 
streav.     Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.  Stz.3. 

Edge,  g.  (ej)— Self-esteem,  (a,  e., 
sw.).  An  elevated  and  narrow- 
ridge — "  Stridin'  Edge";  also  a 
steep  hill — "  Branthwaithe  Edge." 
(c.)  Appetite. 
Is  said  to  hev  a  bit  o  edge  ov  hissel. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

An'  he's  neah  snafflin'  'at  can  say, 
Ower  Stridin'  edge  I  cross't. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  16,  line  6. 

I've  seen  many  a  heeron-sew  on  our  fell 
edge.  Cumbriana.    p.  291,  line  11. 

—a,  Ns. — To  walk  in  a  shuffling  man- 
ner,    (e.)  To  slip  off'. 
He  wad  edge  oot  as  grand  as  ivver  ye  saw 
owt.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Edge   o'  dark,   c,  N.,  nw.  (ej  U' 
daark).     Edge  o'  t'  ibnin,  c, 

e.,  nw.  (ej  U'T  ib.nin)  —  Evening 

twilight. 

Towarst  t'  edge  eh  t'  ibbnin  mebby,  for  it 

wasn't  dark  be  a  gay  bit.   Scoap.  p.  5,  line  9. 

It's  just  t'  edge  o'  dark.  Wilt  thoo  fetch  the 
cannels  ?   Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  47,  line  13. 

Eek,  g.  (ee.k) — An  addition  of  any 
kind ;  an  addition  made  to  the 
upper  or  lower  part  of  a  hive,  so  as 
to  give  the  bees  more  room  to  work. 
Tho'  guidness  wi'  this  new  year  gift  ye, 
Another  eken  to  your  fifty. 

Stagg— New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  3. 

— To  add  to,  make  up  a  deficiency. 
To  add  an  eke  to  a  hive. 
They  o'  eekt  a  share  for  oald  Cummerlan'. 
Oald  Cummerland  in  Preface. 
— Also,  besides.     Obs. 

And  he  has  taen  and  turned  the  cake 

That  on  the  embers  burn' d  ; 
And  eke  the  shift  before  the  hearth 
As  carefully  has  turned. 

Stagg — Brougham  Castle.    Stz.  33. 


Eel- weed,  ne.,  nw.,  sw.  (eel-weed) 
—  Applied  to  the  long  trailing 
stems  of  lbi  mi  in- til  us  fiuitans.  Eely- 
bed  is  applied  to  the  entire  mass 
of  weed  growth  in  a  river,  and 
this  may  include  Itan.  fiuitans,  R. 
aquatUu,  and  other  varieties  of 
water  crowfoot ;  MyriophyUwmpota- 
mugeton.  Water  Starworts  and  Pond- 
weeds,  etc.    w.H. 

Eem.  Obs. — Leisure.  To  spare  time. 

Brockett. 

Een,  g.  (een) — Eyes. 

A  gay  lang  nwose  at  wasn't  set  varra  fair 
atween  t'  ee'x.  Gibson — Joe  and  the 
Geologist,    p.  1,  line  14. 

Eever.  Obs.  —  A  quarter  of  the 
heavens. 

Efter,  g.  (ef.tthu'R')— After ;  also 
with  an  ellipsis  of  the  verb  to  go. 
"  EFTER't  min  an'  git  hod  on  't." 

"  He's  gettin  into  my  pocket." — "  And  I 
efter  it."  Sullivan,     p.  99. 

Draw  ma,  we'l  run  efter  tha. 
Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   Ch.  I.,  v.  4. 

Efter  a  bit,  G.— After  a  while. 

Efter  a  bit,  whea  sud  we  see  bit  greit 
Joe  Thompson. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  21,  line  4. 

Efter  fetches,  G.  (fech.iz)— After- 
thoughts or  actions. 

Efter  teemsings,  e.  (teem.zins) — 
Coarse  flour. 

Efterword,  g.  (wuord).  Ower 
word,   c,  nw.     Ower  teun,  c, 

b.,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (tiuon) — Words  re- 
peated at  the  end  of  a  verse;  a 
habitual  saying. 

But  her  comical  ower-wurd  "  Mappen  I 
may."  Gibson — Lai  Dinah.  Stz.  4. 

Bit  still  his  ower-teun  ran, 
As  lood  as  when  I  saw  him  furst, — 
"  Git  ower  me  'at  can  I  " 

Richardson.    P.  1st.    p.  28,  line  2. 


Ill 


Egbattle,  c,  e.,  Ns.  (eg.baat.ttl). 
Hegbattle,  sw. — A  person  who 
urges  others  to  quarrel  or  right. 

He  was  a  rare  eg-battle,  bit  he  teuk  gid 
care  to  keep  at  ootside  his-sell. 

Cumbeiana.     p.  7,  line  7. 

Eggberry,  c.  (eg.ber.i).  Heck- 
berry,  NE.,  E.  (HEK.BERM)— The 
fruit  of  the  Bird  cherry — Pnuius 
padus. 

Wild  cluster  cherry  (here  called  Heck- 
berry). 

Wilkinson — Views  of  Cumberland. 
1810.    p.  XXIX. 

Eg  on,  g.  (eg  aun) — To  urge,  en- 
courage. 

Yan  EGofT  anudder  on  into  aw  maks  o' 
divvelment.    Richardson,  1st.    p.  18,  line  3. 


Ein :  see  Yan. 

Elbow  grease,  g.  (el.baa  gr'ees) 
Persevering  exercise  of  the  arms ; 
hard  work. 

Gill  measures,  meade  as  breet  as  silver 
wid  Bristol  brick  an'  elbow  grease. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  8.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Elbow  reel :  see  Knack  reel. 

Eldin,  G.  (el.dttn)— Fuel ;  (n.,  e.) 
the  Butter  Bur — Petastites  vulgaris, 
is  used  for  lighting  fires.  In  the 
dales,  a  "  darrack  eldin  "  means  a 
day's  work  in  digging  peat  and 
turf  (W.H.). 
She  sed,  for  eldin,  peats  they  hed. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57,  line  5. 

Stick  fires  were  substituted  for  giving 
light  in  the  evenings,  where  that  kind  of 
eldin  was  attainable. 

Cumbriana.    p.  99,  line  8. 

Elly,  c,  e.  (el.i).  Ally,  c,  e.,  sw. 
(aal.i  ;  el.i) — A  point  scored  at 
football  or  hockey. 

When  they  punch  't  ower  t'  top  o'  t'  wo 
inta  t'  next  field,  that's  an  elly,  an  they 
change  ends.  Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  4. 

Elmother.    Obs. — Step-mother. 


Elson,  g.  (el.sttn) —  Shoemaker's 
awl. 

He  oot  wih  his  elson,  his  wax,  and  his 
threed.  Scoap.    p.  219,  line  14. 

Emmal:   see  Ome. 

Empty— A  weaver's  bobbin  (pirn) 
when  the  yarn  has  been  unwound 
from  it. 

En :  see  'An. 

End,  G.  (en;  end) — A  part,  end. 
See  'An. 

"  It's  a  girt  end  of  a  year  sen." 

Fra  ya  week  en'  till  t'  tudder. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  16,  line  3. 

He  dud'nt  bleaam  t'  laal  lads  sooa  mickle 
for  as  t'  divelment  o'  yan  or  two  eh  t' 
bigger  end  o'  fellas.        Scoap.    p.  2,  line  8. 

— To  set  upright,  set  on  end. 

"  End  him  up,  lads." 

Upendit  ooar  girt  stee  an  gat  t'  feutt 

clappt  eh  t'  boddom. 

Scoap.    p.  224,  line  22. 

End  gill,  W. — An  old  term  applied 
to  levels  driven  on  the  "  end  "  of 
the  coal.     r.w.m. 

End  lang,  c,  sw.  (laang) — With- 
out interruption. 

End  nor  side,  G. — Neither  one  thing 
nor  the  other. 

I  cudn't  meeak  end  nor  side  o'  what  they 
could  be. 

Gibson — Bannasyde.    p.  67,  line  1. 

He  could  nowder  mak  end-lang-  nor  side 
on  't.  Cumbriana.    p.  256. 

End  on,  g.— Right  away. 

End  ower  end,  G. — Head  over  heels. 

Endways,  g.  (wu'z)— Endwise  ; 
without  interruption.  See  Eb'n 
end. 

T  dooal  at  sud  a  hodden  them  tegidder 
endwess  was  oa  brokken. 

Scoap.    p.  218,  line  3. 

End  whol :   see  Arch.  whol. 


112 


Enny  way,  g. — Every  way ;  at  all 
events. 

"  This  is  enny  way  as  good  as  tli.it." 

T"  notes  is  better  nor  't  hay  ennyway. 

W.C.T.X.  1894.  p.  6,  col.  2. 
Theer  must  be  summat  wrang  theer  enny- 
way.        W.C.T.    1898,  Oct.  29.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Er,  G.  (ur')— Than. 

"  Mey  peyp's  langer  er  theyn." 

Ern  fork,  g.  not  nw. (er'UN  faur'k) 
— A  pitchfork  or  iron  fork. 

Err :   see  Arr. 

Esp,  a,  e.,  nw.  (esp)— The  Poplar— 
Populu*  tremnhis.  (b.)  Hasp,  fasten- 
ing for  a  gate. 

Thur    lasses   noo  began   teh   dadder  an 
trimmel  like  esp  leaves. 

Scoap.    p.  20,  line  17. 

Ether :   see  Edder. 

Etlins,  Ettle:  see  Aydle  and 
Aydlins. 

Ey  an'  away,  c,  nw.,  n.  (aai  U'N 
U'Wae.)— Right  £lway. 

Eydent,   c,  nw.,  n.  (aei.du'Nt)  — 
Frugal,  sparing ;  industrious. 
A  raggy  April  an'  a  groo  May, 
Gars  eydent  farmers  ettle  out  their  hay. 
Old  Saying. 

Eye  sare,  g.(aai-saer')— A  blemish 
that  may  be  seen. 

Eye  sweet,  e. — Anything  pleasing 
to  the  eye. 

Ezins,  g.  (ee.zinz)— Eaves.     ■ 

Set  up  his  neb  hofe  t'-heeght  eh  t'  hoose- 
eazins.  Scoap.    p.  214,  line  5. 


Fadderless  stew,  a,  nw.,  b. — 
Potatoes  stewed  without  meat. 

Faddom,  c,  nw.  (faad.um)— Two 
knitters  compete  in  speed — One 
says,  "I'll  faddom  ye,"  and  they 
each  draw  out  the  yarn  as  far  as 
the  arms  can  spread,  and  making 
knots  as  marks,  they  try  who  can 
soonest  knit  up  the  length. 

Fadge,   G.  (faaj)  —  A   slow    trot. 
(b.)    Applied  to  a  child  who   is 
troublesome  or  lazy. 
"  Fadge-te-fadge,  like  t'  market  trot." 
"  Come  on,  leyl  fadge." 

Fadge-te-fadge,  gang  out  of  my  gate. 

Son  of  Hagar.    III.    p.  20,  line  3. 

Peter  is  sometimes  a  sad  fatch. 

Son  of  Hagar.    III.    p.  320,  line  :i 

— To  proceed  in  a  slow  manner. 

I  .  .  .  fadged  away  up  Gamswell,  ooer 
a  terble  knoppy  rooad. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  3,  line  6. 

Fadgy,  g.  (faadji)— Applied  to  a 
short-legged  and  fat  person,  (e.) 
Fat  without  animation,  unwieldy. 

Faff,  b.,  n.  —  This  term  is  nearly 
obsolete,  and  indicates  that  the  land 
had  been  only  partially  worked, 
part  ploughed  and  harrowed,  parr 
only  ploughed,  and  part  untouched. 

J.N.D. 

T"  held  lies  been  faffed  two  year,  an'  it'll 
be  fallowed  next  year.  J.N.D. 

Faffing  would  mean  turning  that  bare 
fallow  over  three  times  harrowing  it,  and 
laying  on  lime  so  many  cart-loads  to  the 
acre.  C.  Jr.   1899,  Feb.  7.   p.  3,  col.  1. 

Faff,N.(FAAF).  Faugh, nw.  (fa ah). 
— A  fallow;  hardly  ever  used  now 

(J.H.). 
Horse  plowing  a  rig  of  faugh. 

C.  Jr.    1899. -Ian.  24.    p.  2,  col.  a 


113 


—To  fallow;  lie  fallow,  (n.)  The 
word  fallow  is  also  used. 

"  Faff  her  min  !  " — said  of  a  cow  that 
would  not  breed  and  was  not  to  be  fatted. 

W.H. 

Faffie,  e.  (faaf.U'l)— A  spring  fal- 
low for  a  barley  crop.  (Unknown 
to  correspondents). 

— C,  E.,  sw. — To  trifle  ;  to  saunter ; 
to  be  casual  and  inattentive  to  the 
work. 

Thoo  wad  rayder  faffle  aboot  deein  owt 
than  gang  ta  thi  wark. 

Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  4. 

Fafflen,  c,  E.,  sw.  —  Said  of  work 
which  occupies  much  time,  the 
results  not  being  satisfactory,  or 
commensurate  with  the  labour  and 
time  expended  on  it. 
It's  a  reg'lar  fafflen  job.  Ah  wadn't 
mind  bit  yan  lies  nowt  ta  show  for  yan's 
wark.      Jos.  P. 

Faffiement,  c,  e.,  swt.  (faaf.U'l- 
mu'nt),  and  Fif fie -faffiement — 

Trifling  and  unnecessary  work. 

Fag,  G.  (faag) — To  fatigue,  become 
weary,  hang  back ;  to  walk  a 
tedious  journey.  To  carry  a  tire- 
some burden.  To  load,  encum- 
ber (Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  41). 

"  He  was  sair  fag't." 

Oal  Brammery  sune  began  to  fag, 
At  tymes  his  memory  lwoasin. 

Lonsdale — Upshott.    Stz.  32. 

It  was  a  lang  fag,  an  war  still,  to  fag  a 
live  geuss  on  yan's  back.  W.D.    1867. 

I  fagg't  away  doon. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  35,  line  11. 

Faggot,  g.  (faag.ut) — A  term  of 
opprobrium. 

Admitted  having  called  Mrs  H "  an 

encouraging  old  faggot." 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Oct.  4.    p.  3,  col.  1. 


Faikins,  g.  (fae.kinz).  Faix. 
Faith,  (faeth)— An  oath  most 
binding  amongst  boys. 

We're  aw  wet  fellows,  roun  Torkin, 

Sae  faikins,  we  mun  hev  a  swet ! 
Anderson — Fellows  round  Torkin.  Stz.l. 

Bit  faix,  I've  seen  them  a-top  ov  o'maks 
o'  gangrels  sen  that, 

Willy  Wattle,    p.  4,  line  6. 

Fain,  g.  (faen)  —  Glad,  happy; 
anxious,  eager. 

T"  oald  jolly  jist   .   .   .   wad  be  sa  fain  to 
see  me  agean. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.   p  10,  line  8. 

Fair,  G.  (faer).  Fairly  (faer.li) 
—  Positive,  altogether,  entirely  ; 
used  extensively. 

"  It's  a  fair  sham." 

He  fairly  cap't  me  noo.      I  dudn't  ken 
what  to  mak  o'  sec  a  customer. 

Gibson— Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  2,  line  9. 

(We)    clash't  watter    at    them,  till   we 
fairly  dreav  them  back  agean. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  22,  line  1. 

Fair,  c,  no,  nw.     Fore,  e.  (faur') 

— In  earnest ;   playing  fore  is  to 
play  in  a  serious  and  no  make- 
believe  manner,     a.c. 
Ah's  on  fer  fore  this  time. 

Pen.  Obs.    Mar.  8. 

Fairation,  g.  (faer'ae.shu'n) — 
Fair  play,  square  dealings. 

Does  t'e  think  o'  's  nut  fairation  ? 
Hes  t'e  any  foat  to  finnd  ? 

Gibson — Sannter.    Stz.  5. 

He  liked  to  see  fairations  ;  he  didn't  like 
t'  see  them  worry  a  chap  reet  off  t'  seat. 
C.  Patr.    1895,  Oct.  4.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

Fair- day  dyke,  c,  sw.  (faer'-dae) 
— A  boyish  attempt  to  extort  gifts 
from  people  returning  from  the 
fair,  by  obstructing  the  road  with 
a  rope  or  brushwood. 


114 


Fairin's,  g.(fae.r'inz)— Sweets,  etc. 
bought  at,  or  brought  from  a  fair 
for  presents. 

On  such  occasions  fairin's  are  given  him 
instead  of  school  tasks. 

Rosenthal,    p.  12,  line  10. 

An'  th'  lads  reeght-keynd  the  lasses  treat, 
Wi'  monny  a  teasty  fairin' 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  45. 

Fairish,  G.  (fae.R'ISh)— Moderately, 
tolerably. 
"  He's  fairish  good." 

Fairy  fingers  :   see  Thimble. 

Fairy  stones,  ne— Coprolites.  w.a.r 

Fal-lals,C.E.,NW.(FAALAALZ.).   Fal- 

derment  (faalddh.U'R'MU'Nt) — 
Trumpery  ornaments  of  dress. 
Thoo'll  hev  to  tak  them  fallals  off, 
If  thoo  wad  gang  wi'  me. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  82,  line  5. 

Fallops,  c,  SW.  (faal.uts) — Rags 
hanging  about  a  dress ;  the  dress 
of  an  untidy  woman. 

Fallopy,  c.  (faal.uti).  Fally like, 
c,  nw.     Trallopy,  w. — Untidy. 

Fancical,G.(FAANS.iKU'L) — Abound- 
ing in  fancies  ;  subject  to  change. 

Fancy,  c,  Ns.  (faans.i)— A  riband, 
a  prize  for  dancers. 
At  spworts,  if  I  was  trier  to  be  seer, 
I  reached  the  fancy  ruddily  to  thee 
For  nin  danced  hawf  sae  weel  in  Cursty's 
eye.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  14. 

Fangs,  G.  (faangz) — Eyeteeth. 
Chows  'bacca  tua,  and  shows  his  yellow 
fangs.  Graham — Gwordy.    line  97. 

Farantly,  g.  (faar'.U'NTLi) — Order- 
ly, respectably. 

Thau  er  farrantly  enuff  to  leak  at  war 
thou  but  dond  owt  weel. 
Smith— Wheeler's  Dialogue.  I.  p.  21,  line  8. 

Far  away,  g.  (faar  U'WAe) — By 
much ;  by  far. 
"  This  is  far  away  better  ner  that." 


Fardel,  g.  (faa.R'DUl).  Farlies, 
C,  n.,  e.,  (faa.R'LIz)  —  Anything 
curious,  novel  or  out  of  the  com- 
mon, strange  sights.  A  very  in- 
quisitive person  is  said  to  be  fond 
of  "  spying  fardels"  (wt.h.). 
Theer  was  far  cliverer  fellas  lang  sen, 
adoot  steel  pens  an  fardels  o'  that  swort. 
Scoap.    p.  4,  line  7. 

A  rate  for  these  new  farlies — not  a 
brass  farthing ! 

Lizzie  Lorton    I.    p.  194,  line  2. 

Fare,  c,  sw.  (faer)— To  go,  proceed, 
travel,  (c.)  To  near  or  approach. 
The  cow  fares  a-calving.      Brockett. 

Farelooper,  sw.  (faer'loop.U'r) — 
An  interloper. 

Farmaticles,  c.  (faarmaat.iku'Lz) 
Farnticles,  sw.,  n.,  e.  (faa.R'U'N- 
tiku'Lz)— Freckles  on  the  face. 

She's  a  reet  bonny  farmatickt  lass. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  226,  line  9. 

Far  side,  g.— The  off-side  of  an 
animal.  When  ploughing  with 
two  horses  abreast,  the  far  or  fur- 
row horse  walks  in  the  furrow 
and  is  the  guide. 

Fare  tha  weel,  c.  (faer'  thu' 
weeu'l).     Fares-ta-weel,  x.,  e. 
— Fare  thee  well ;  farewell. 
Sae  fares-te-weel  !  I'll  sarve  my  king, 
An'  niver,  niver,  mair  come  heame. 
Blamire — Barley  Broth.    Stz.  o. 

Fash,  g  (faash)— Trouble,  incon- 
venience, anxiety. 

Mair  luck  an'  less  fash — a  common  toast 
at  social  gatherings. 

I  gev  him  a  shillin'  for  aw  t'  fash  he'd 
hed  wi'  me.    Richardson,  1st.  p.  126,  line  1. 

Ah  want  aeab  FASH  wid  em  .  .  .  if  he'll 
nobbut  hod  his  tung.    Scoap.   p.  17,  line  5. 

— To  trouble,  inconvenience,  tease. 

Betty  was  fash'd  sadly  wid  rheumatics 
iv  her  bark. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  15,  line  4. 


115 


Fashment,  GK — Trouble,  annoyance. 

Bringan'  bodder  an'  fashment  tull  oald 
an'  tull  yung. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  24. 

Fashy,  &.     Fashious,  (faash.ius) 
— Becoming  annoying  through  in- 
toxication ;  troublesome. 
It's  varra  fashious  'deed  is't,  rainen  iv'ry 
day.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Fasten  Eve,  c,  e.  (faast.U'n  eev) 
— Shrove  Tuesday  evening  or  the 
evening  of  the  feast  before  Lent. 

"  At  Fasten  eb'n  neet 
Keuks  find  cannel  leet."      Saying. 
(After  this  night  cooking  is  to  be  done  by 
daylight  for  the  season,  or  the  cooks  must 
provide  candles  themselves.    Obs.) 

Tawk't  of  an  Upshot  lang  an'  sair 
To  keep  up  Fassen's  even. 

Lonsdale — The  Upshot.    Stz.  2. 

Fat  :   see  Guile-fat. 

Fat  hen,  c,  sw.  Meals,  nw. 
(meeulz)  —  White   goose-foot  — 

Ch  e n opod i  um  a  I  b urn. 

Fatherlasher,  nw. — Short  spined 
Sea  Bullhead—  Coitus  scorjplus. 

Fauna,    p.  479. 

Fat's  in  t'  fire,  g.  (faats  in'T 
faaiu'r) — The  mischief  has  be- 
gun ;  all  is  in  a  blaze  as  if  fat  were 
thrown  on  the  fire. 

Fatter :   see  Foter. 

Faugh  !  n.  (faaf) — Exclamation  of 
contemptuous  dissent.     See  Faff. 

Faver,  g.  (fae.vur1).  Favver,  sw. 
(faav.U'R') — Family  resemblance. 

— To  resemble,  as  a  son  his  father. 

It.  favours  t'  fadder  i'  temper,  bit  t'  mudder 
i'  luiks.      S.D.B. 

I  canna  say  I  see  much  likeness  atween 
ye;  ye  favour  Miss  Lizzie  Lorton  .  .  . 
mair  nor  Miss  Elcombe. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  217,  line  4. 

Faw,  wc.  (fau) — An  itinerant  pot- 
ter, or  tinker. 

12 


Fay  dog  :  see  Bastard  shark. 

Faymish,  G.  (fae.mish) — Famous, 
excellent. 

We  hed  a  faymish  crack,  for  ah  seunn 
fand  they  knew  oa  aboot  lammin  time. 

Scoap.    p.  17,  line  21. 

Feal,  G.  (fiaal  ;  fael)  —  To  give 
way  or  decline  as  in  old  age ;  to 
lose  health.     See  Feeal. 
An'  for  me,  feal't  an'  feckless.  I'll  lait 
nae  new  biel'. 

Powley — Echoes,    p.  150,  line  10. 

Fearful,  g.  (feeu.rfuol).  Fearfo, 
n.,sw.(feea.rtu)— Extraordinary. 

"  They're  fearfo'  kind." 

"A  fearful  body"  is  a  person  whose 
activity  and  address  are  commendable. 

Sullivan,    p.  89. 

An  laught  an  jwokt,an  cought  an  smuikt, 
An  meade  a  fearfu'  reek. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.   Stz.  8. 

Fearn  brackins,  g.  (fiaar'N- 
br'aakjnz)— All  members  of  the 
Buckler,  or  Lastrea  family  of  Ferns. 

Feas,  g.  (fiaas),  sw.  (feeu's),  nw. 
(fies),  n.  (fies) — Face,  assurance, 
"  cheek." 

Grey  hair  and  a  smo'  feace. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  1,  line  12. 

It's  a  fair  sham,  a  girt  dummel-heead  ;  it 
bes  a  feass  for  owte. 

Forness  Folk.     p.  32,  line  3. 

Feasins,  g.  (fiaas.lnz) — Facings  ; 
exercises,  reprimand. 

"T'  lawyer  put  him  through  hisFEASSiNs" 
— questioned  him  sharply. 

Ah  pot  em  tull  his  feaasins  eh  that  fashin. 
Scoap.    p.  122,  line  9. 

Feas  o'  clay,  c,  n.  (fiaas  U'  klae) 
— A  solid  and  inflexible  counten- 
ance ;  a  mortal,  man. 

I  defy  t'  feace  o'  clay  to  say  'at  ony  on 
us  dud  owte. 

Gibson— T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  10,  line  9. 

Feast  Cards,  g.  (fiaast  kaar'Ds) 
— Court  cards. 


116 


Feasy,  nc.  (fiaas.i)— Impertinent, 
"  cheeky."     j.  ak. 

Feck,  g.  (fek  ;  fik).  Feek.  —  A 
state  of  uneasiness.  "In  a  raoz." 
(n.)  u  The  feck  o'  t'  wark's  deun" 
— the  troublesome  part  is  clone. 

— To  be  uneasy  or  anxious. 

Hut,  Jesper!  thou  fidges  an  feeks,  min  ! 
Anderson — The  Kurnwinnin.    Stz.  10. 

He'd  be  worse  than  an  old  woman  .  .  . 
fickino  about  .  .  .  make  as  mich  row  as 
a  bubbly  jock.      Mayroyd.   p.  256,  line  13, 

Feckless,  g.(fek.lu's)— Feeble,  use- 
less, unsubstantial,  effectless. 
"  Feckless  fowk  are  aye  fain."     Proverb. 

He  keep't  on  at  this  feckless  wark. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  3,  line  1. 
I's  grouen  feckless,  auld,  an'  learn. 

Eichardson,  1st.    p.  29,  line  1. 

Feckly,  g.  (fek.li)— Mostly,  pro- 
perly. 

I'  th'  meanteyme  the  fiddlers  changg'd 
and  played 
As  hard  as  they  cou'd  peg, 
Till  the  offering  it  was  feckly  duon. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25.    I . 

Fedder,   c,  e.,  nw.  (feddh.U'R'). 
Fleuk,  c,  sw,  b.  (fliook)— The  I 
web  of  the  plough  sock. 

Feeal,  c,  ec.  (feeux)— To  hide  or  I 
cover.     See  Feal. 
He  that  feeals  can  find. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

"We  used  ta  field  her  specs  if  she  war 
catted.  Pen.  Obs.  '  1897,  Dec.  28. 

Feeding  storm,  g. — A  continuous 
snowstorm  and  slowly  increasing 
in  intensity. 

Feek :  see  Feck. 

Feekment,  nw.  (fee.kmu'Nt)— 
— Fancifulness,  rldgittyness. 
Oh,  Jammy  thou's  deel  vers'd  in  woman- 
kind, 
Kens  o'  their  feekment,  keikment  ways  I 
find.  Clark — Seymon.    line  71. 


Feel,  < '..  i-:.,  n.,  nw.  (feel)— Tender, 
as  applied  to  a  hurt  or  bruise  ; 
(n.)  smooth. 

"Hoo's  't  leg  Geordie?"    "it's  gayly  (C.) 
feel."    S.D.B. 

Felk :   see  Felly. 

Fell,  g.  (fel)— (1)  Unenclosed  or 
common  land,  whether  hill  or  not, 
A  (2)  mountain  ;  applied  to  par- 
ticular mountains,  as  Scawrax, 
Caldbeck  fell,  and  to  a  (3)  moun- 
tain district  generally,  which  is 
termed  "  The  Fell."  See  Pasture. 
Ya  winter  neet,  I  mind  it  weel, 
Oor  lads  hed  been  at  t'  (1)  fell. 

Eichardson,  1st.    p.  11. 

If  ther  were  nea  (2)  fells  ther  wad  be 
nea  deals.      Proverb. 

The  (3)  FELL-farmers  have  missed  animals 
from  their  flocks. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  27.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

He  descended  to  the  fells. 

Mayroyd.    p.  59. 

— To  throw,  cut  down ;  to  strike  with 
something  and  so  cause  to  fall. 
T'  munney  hed  ta  be  pait  afooar  t'  last 
tree  was  fell't. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  19,  line  12. 

Never  speak  to  me  again,  or  I'll  fell  thee 
with  a  brick. 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Oct.  27.    p.  8,  col.  & 

— ne.,  e. — Energetic,  brave,  clever 
able  to  fight  one's  way,  keen. 

Moother  was  a  fell  yan  for  early  kirst- 
nins.  Rise  of  River,    p.  18,  line  18. 

Of  a  brave  person  we  say,  He's  a  fell  un. 
Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  24. 

Fell-brokken,  c,  sw.,  e.— Said  of  a 
sheep  which  is  not  content  with 
its  own  heaf,  but  is  inclined  to 
wander. 

Either  is  quite  effective  in  turning  ev«ry 
i  Ki. i.  broken  sheep. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  14.    p.  2,  col.  4. 


117 


Fell-deales,    c.  —  The   valleys    in 
West-Cumberland. 
Cwoaches  in  t'  fell  deales  are  noo  things 
of  the  past. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  12.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Fell-dealer,  c.  (diaal.U'R') —  One 
who  lives  in  the  valleys  amongst 
the  mountains. 

Fell  fo',  g.  (fel  fau).  Pigeon- 
felty,  nw.  Fell  throssel,  c  Blue 
Blue  felty,  Blue  wing,  Blue 
back,  ec.  Blue  Jack.— The  field- 
fare —  Turdus  pilaris.  Field -fare 
called  Stormcock  in  Alston.  See 
Felty. 

Vast  numbers  of  Felties  occasionally 
visited  Lakeland.         Fauna,    p.  88,  line  7. 

We  first  note  the  blue  jack  in  upland 
pastures.  Nature,    p.  223. 

Fell-heed,  g. — The  top  of  a  mountain 
not  distinguished  by  a  peak. 
I'd  hard  a  deal  aboot  t'  fell-heid  fwok 
bein'  daft,  an'  cloonish. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  131,  line  2. 

Fellin  wood,  g.  (fel.un).  Fellin 
wort,  Fellin  grass.— Masterwort 

— Peuccdanum  ostruthlum.  (E.)  Green 
hellebore — Ilelleborus  ciridis.  Fellin 
wood  may  in  e.  designate  the  Bitter- 
sweet— Solanuni  dulcamara  (W.H.). 

It  was  used  by  cow-leeches  in  the  form  of 
a  lotion  for  washing  the  udders  of  cows, 
when  suffering  from  inflammation  of  the 
udder  at  or  about  the  time  of  calving. 
This  peculiar  complaint  was  called  "  fellin  " 
(mammitis)  —  hence  the  name,  which  is 
shared  with  Green  Hellebore  for  a  like 
reason.      W.H. 

Fell  pike,  c. — A  long  iron-shod  staff 
used  as  an  aid  when  climbing  hills. 
Held  my  fell-pike  i'  my  hands. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  206,  line  6. 


Fell  sheep,  c- 
wick. 


-Synonym  for  Herd- 


Fell  side,  G. — The  edge  or  boundary 
of  a  fell.  The  mountain  district. 
See  Fell. 

If  you  ax  whoar  I  come  frae,  I  say  the 
Fell  Seyde.     Anderson — Watty,   line  1. 

Fell  sider,  G. — One  who  lives  on 
the  Fells. 

Fell  sparrow,  Snow  bird,  Snow 
flake,  Cock  o'  th'  North, White 
hunting — Snow  Bunting  (H.M.) — 
Plectra phones  nivalis.  See  Cock  o' 
th'  North. 

Fell  throssel :  see  Crag  Starling, 
Fell  fo',  Mountain  throssel. 

Fell  yat,  g. — The  gate  opening  on 
to  the  common  fell.     See  Fell. 

He  dismissed  his  companions  at  the  fell- 
gate.  Mayroyd.    II.    p.  184,  line  1. 

Felly,  c,  e.,  sw.  (fel.i).     Felk,  b., 
sw.  (felk) — Felloe  of  a  wheel. 
T'  spekes  .  .  .  knattlt  back  an  forret  in 
t'  fellys.  Scoap.    p.  217,  line  3. 

Felty,  g.  (fel.ti).     Fell-fo',  c,  sw. 

—  The    Redwing — Tardus    iliaeus. 

See  Fell  fo'. 

Femma,  Alston  (fem.U') — Weak. 
T'   bank's    that  tewing   when   a  body's 
femma.  Rise  of  River,    p.  84,  line  5. 

Fend,  g.  (fend)— Livelihood ;  sup- 
port. 

His  ladder  hed  a  shop  in  Liverpool,  an'  a 
good  fend  he  mead. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  25,  line  3. 

— To  be  able  to  provide  or  make  a 
livelihood,  to  be  careful,  indus- 
trious, to  struggle  with  difficulties. 
"  How  fend  ye  ?  " — how  are  you  ?  is  a 
common  salutation. 

Jwohn  o'  West-en',  auld  friend,  how  fen' 
ye?      Stags — New  Year's  Epistle.  Stz.l. 

Fendan  an'  preuvan,  g.  (fend.U'N 
U'n  priuov.U'n)— Defending  and 
proving  ;  arguing  and  debating  ; 
criminating  and  re-criminating. 


118 


Fendy,  Gh  (fend.i)— Thrifty,  frugal, 
able  to  shift  for  one's  self. 

"  Sam's  a  gay  fendy  laal  body." 

She's  a  gay  fendy  lile  body,  an'  a  terble 

favorite.  Forness  Folk.   p.  32,  line  15. 

Fess,  a,  e.;  sw.  (fes).     Fest,  c,  sw. 

(fest)— To  send  out  cattle,  etc.  to 

other  farms  to  graze.     To  bind  an 

apprentice. 

En  he  caant  dea  wieth  barns  he  mun  fest 

em  awt. 

Smith — "Wheeler's  Dialogues.  I.   p.  18. 
Festing-penny,  c,  ne.,  sw. — Money 

paid  to  a  servant  on  hiring  to  bind 

the  agreement.     See  Yerls. 
Fetch,  g.  (fech)— A  dodge,  (b.)  An 

in-drawn  breath. 

"  That  was  a  queer  fetch,  but  it  dudn't 

help  him  a  bit." 
— To  bring ;  to  arrive  at. 

"  Fetch  that  chair  this  way." 

I'll  fetch  the'  a  clink  under  t'  lug. 

Gibson — T  Reets  on  't.   p.  9,  line  17. 

Be  t'  time  ah  fetcht  yooar  yatt,  ah  began 

teh  finnd  a  kind  o'  wankle. 

Scoap.     p.  10,  line  11. 

Fettle,  g.  (fet.ux)— Order,  condi-  ; 
tion,  state  of  health,  spirits  or  re- 
pair.     A  cord  used  to  a  pannier  j 

(Ferguson,    p.  211). 

I  set  off  i'  gud  fettle  for  Kessick. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,  p.  17,  line  IS. 
Jim  tied  his  black  neckleth  roon  his  neck, 
an  ses,  "  Noo,  me  lass,  Ah's  i'  fettle." 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  10,  line  9.    \ 
— To  fit,  to  put  in  order,  repair ;  also   ! 
used  in  the  sense  of  destroying   ■ 
or  killing,  or  making  an  end  of ; 
(b.)  to  beat. 

"  Aa'l  (B.)  fettle  his  lugs  for  am  !  " 
When  I'd  gitten  him  fettle't  up,  I  swang    j 
him  onto  my  back. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  33,  line  3. 
Gat  em  teh  fettle  a  job  a  wark  for  them. 
Scoap.  p.  172,  line  12. 
It  varra  nar  fettled  him,  an'  if  it  hedn't 
been  for  me  I  believe  he  wad  ha'  been 
sufficated.        W.C.T.X.   1894.    p.  18,  col.  2. 


Feul,  c,  n.,  e.  (fiuol).  Fooal.  >\v. 
(fooux)— Fool. 

"  Them  'at  fry's  meh  fer  a  feul  waste 
ther  oan  fat."      Saying. 

Feur  day,  nc.,e.(feeu'R'  dae  ;  fiuor' 
dae)— Break  of  day  (Obsolesc). 
At  last  twas  gitten  wheyte  fuor  days, 
The  lavrocks  shrill  war  whuslin'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.      Stz.  46. 

Feut,c.(FiuoT).  Fooat,  sw.(foout). 
Fit,  n.  (fit)— Foot,  speed,  pace ; 
the  end  of  a  field,  lane  or  beck, 
but  not  necessarily  implying  a 
declivity. 

"  He  went  a  parlish  feut  ower  t'  moor." 
We  gat  till  t'  feut  of  oor  girt  meedow. 

Gibson — T*  Reets  on  't.  p.  13,  line  16. 
We  had  four  flow-supplies  .  .  .  the  town- 
foot.  Brampton,    p.  2,  line  4. 

Feut,  g.  (fiuot;  fiut)— To  (1)  keep 
up  with.    To  (2)  track,     (n.,  nw., 
ec.)  To  (3)  establish,  introduce. 
Ye  gang  seea   fast  Ah  can  hardly  (1) 
fiut  ye.  Pen  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Ah  (2)  feutit  a  yar  i'  t'  sno'.      S.D.B. 
Whia  what  we'st  hev  ta  (3)  fiut  ye. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Feut  an  arse,  W.  Auld  wife,  xw. 
— The  little  Grebe— Podicipe*  flum- 
atilis  (h.m.).  The  Guillemot— Tr/V/ 
trollc  bears  the  first  name  (g.d.). 

Feut  axe  :   see  Creux't  axe. 

Feut  bo,  c.  (fiuot-bau).  Fit  baw, 
n. — The  game  of  football.  Many 
parishes  formerly  set  apart  a  day 
annually  for  this  sport;  at  Lam- 
plugh  it  was  held  on  the  afternoon 
of  Easter  Sunday !  It  is  still  ( 1 898) 
keenly  contested  at  Workington 
on  Easter  Tuesday  on  the  banks 
of,  and  not  unfrequently  in  the 
river  Derwent.  See  Uppies. 
Then  whee  is  't  that  ay  carries  <>n  the 
fitbaw  ? 

Anderson — Matthew  Macree.  stz.  8. 
An  up-an-dooner  at  shinny,  or  a  hail  at 
feut-bo  atween  V  scheul-hoose  an  V  low 
st  limp.  Scoap.    p.  2,  Una  17. 


119 


Feut  cock,  q.  (fiuot-kauk).  Girse- 
cock  (gur'S-kauk) —  A  heap  or 
cock  formed  from  the  loose  hay  on 
the  ground  after  cutting  or  tedding, 
the  foot  being  used  in  its  forma- 
tion. 

T  next  step  was  to  fuitcock  when  t' 
turnin's  hed  become  dry. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  17.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Feuttle,  c,  EC.  (fiuot.U'l).  Feut- 
loth,  c.,e,sw.  (fiuot.lu-th) — One- 
quarter  of  a  stone  weight.  A 
quarter  of  a  pound  (W.H.).  Obsolesc. 
Four  pounds  of  butter,  a  feutleth  of  salt. 
Sullivan,    p.  84. 

A  feuttleth  o'  bacco.     W.H. 

Feuttins,B.(FiuoT.iNz) — Two  turves 
set  up  together  to  dry. 

Few,  g.  (fioo).  Fewe,  sw.  (faeoo) 
— A  number  or  quantity  undefined. 
See  Broth. 

"  A  girt  few  ;  a  laal  few." 

Nancy  hed  setten  herself  te  boil  Jim  a 
laal  few  (taties). 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

Few,  g.  (fioo).     Fewe,  sw.,  nw. 
(feeu') — An  attempt. 
Thoo  maks  a  good  feu  at  stwory-tellen. 
W.C.T.X.    1897.     p.  25,  col.  1. 

—To  offer ;  to  set  about  a  task  in  a 
manner  likely  to  accomplish  it ;  to 
have  the  heart  to  do  a  thing. 
"  How  does  he  fu  ?  "   .   .   .   How  does  he 
offer,  or  seem  to  do  it  ? 

"I  can't  fu  " — I  cannot  for  shame  do  so ; 
or  I  cannot  begin  it. 

I'll  few  it  for  you  —  arrange  it  so  that 
you  will  be  able  to  get  on. 

Sullivan,    p.  64. 

Thoo  fews  t'  best  iv  oot  I've  hard  yet. 
Ods  wons !  theer  some  sense  i'  sec  prayin' 
as  that.        Richardson,  2nd.   p.  60,  line  4. 

He  canna  few  t'  sell 't  bed  fra  't  bairns. 

J.H. 


Fewsom',  g.  (fioo.su'm)  — Shapely, 
becoming ;  handy  ;  notable. 
They'd   oalas   behaved   varra   fewsumly 
tummeh.  Scoap.    p.  176,  line  15. 

Sally  leevt  ta  rear  swine   .   . 

She  alius  turned  oot  seek  fine,  fuesome 

swine.  W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  2,  col.  3. 

What  pleas'd  him  best,  she  warm'd  him 

up  some  keal, 
And  Ralph  dud  mak  a  varra  fewsome 

meal.        Graham — Gwordy.   line  105. 

Fidge,  G.  (fij) — To  wriggle  like  an 
eel,  to  be  impatient,  restless. 
T'  thing  scraffle't  an'  fidg't  a  bit,  an'  chat- 
ter't  neah  laal. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  34,  line  6. 

When  oft  I  clapp'd,  and  strwoak'd  thy 

cheeks  sae  reed, 
Thou  fidgt  and  cried, "  Thou's  not  strwoak 
me  indeed  !  "  Clark — Roger.    Stz.  4. 

Field  keal,  c,  e.,  nw.  (feel  kiaal) 
Wild  mustard,  charlock — >Si/iaj>is 
arreyisis. 

Field  reeve,  g.  (feel  reev)— A 
person  having  charge  of  a  stinted 
pasture  belonging  to  different 
owners. 

Fierce, c.,n.,nw.(fiuors).  Pearce, 
sw.,  EC— Well  dressed. 
"  Thou's  varra  fierce  today." 

The  lasses  in  their  feyne  pearce  claes  ; 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  9. 

Fiery   meetin-er,  sw.  (faei.U'RT- 

MEE.TU'NU'R') — A  COlliet.       R.K. 

Fiffle :   see  Fafflement. 

Figary,  g.  (figae.R'i) — A  whim. 
Ah  tuk  a  figary  ta  cum  doon  t'  street. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Feb.  26.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Fig-fag,  c,  n.,  nw.  (fig-faag)— The 
neck  tendon. 

Fig  sue,  e.  (fig  sioo)— A  posset  of 
bread,  figs  and  ale. 

Fill  bow,  c,  b.,  nw.  (fil  bauw)— A 
hoop  of  whalebone  used  in  filling 
sausages. 


120 


Filly  fair,  c.  (fil.i-faer)  —  Palm 
Sunday  was  long  held  as  a  day  of 
recreation  for  young  people  at 
Arlecdon,  after  the  children  of  the 
parish  had  repeated  the  Catechism 
in  the  Church,  and  is  called  Filly 
Fair  Day.  Latterly  the  custom 
has  gone  out  of  use. 

Chapel  Sunday,  an'  vulgarly  known  as 
Filly  Fair.  C.  Pacq.  1893,  Nov.  2.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Filth,  ft    Filthment  (filth.mu'Nt) 
— Dirt ;  anything  inferior  or  offen- 
sive ;  a  person  of  low  character. 
She's  a  dirty  filth. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Sept.  9.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

0,  wad  some  sen'  the  filth  to  jail. 

Rayson — Randy  Mally.    Stz.  4. 

Fine,  c,  sw,  e.  (faain).  Feyne, 
N.,  nw.  (faein) — Fine  ;  a  term  of 
comparison,  as  "a  fine  girt  man." 
"  A  fine  laal  an."  The  word  is  not 
unmeaning,  for  it  increases  that 
to  which  it  is  joined  ;  in  the  fore- 
going examples,  fine  qualifies  an', 
not  girt  or  laal. 
Wi'  aw  her  trinkum's  on  her  back, 
She's  feyne  eneugh  for  t'  squire. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  8. 

Sum  will  hev't  at  it's  a  fine  deal  narder 
millions  an  millions.     Scoap.  p.  189,  line  6. 

Fine-fleeter,  c,  sw. — One  of  the 
stages  of  a  young  bird's  growth. 

Finely,  c,  e.,  sw.  (faai.nli).  Fey- 
nely,  n.  (faelnli) — Healthy. 

"  Fa  finely,  and  fadder's  finely  an'  o'." 

Fingers,  c,  B.,  nw.,  n. — The  nursery 
names  for  these  are,  thumpkin, 
lick  pot,  lang  man,  ring  man,  laal 
Tommy  tidy  man — (n.)  little  wee 
Johnnie  king  man. 

Finkle— The  old  name  for  the  plant 
iFennel — Foenicvlum  wig, ;  occurs  as 
a  street-name  in  Carlisle,  St.  Bees 
and  Workington. 


Fire  edge,  ft  not  e.  (faair'-ej) — 
Energy  of  person  or  animal. 

"  He  gallop't  his  laal  nag  till  t'  fire  edge 
was  off." 

That  dumplin's  tian  t'  fire  edge  off. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  11. 

Fire  engine — The  earliest  name 
given  to  engines  for  pumping 
water  from  the  mines.  Obs.  r.w.m. 

Fire-fang't,  g.  (faaiu'R'-faangt). 
Fire-snatch't,  EC. — Over-heated  ; 
having  a  burnt  smell  or  flavour. 

Fire  house,  g.  (faair'-oos) — The 
dwelling — in  contradistinction  to 
the  outbuildings. 

Fire  th'  watter :  see  Burn  t'  beck. 

Fish  "belly,  c,  sw.  (fish-bel.i) — 
The  Melancholy  Plume  Thistle — 
Cuicus  heterophijlhts.  The  underside 
of  the  leaf  is  white,  and  turns  up 
in  the  wind. 

Fissle,G.(Fis.u'L).  Fizzle, g.(fiz.U'l). 
Firtle,  c,  e.,  sw.  (fuortux)— To 
fidget,  to  trifle  and  appear  to  be 
busy ;  to  work  ineffectively ;  to 
make  a  rustling  noise. 
Cart  ta  sit  whiatly  an'  nut  fissle  aboot  ? 
Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  11. 

Sec  fizzlan'  wark.      S.D.B. 

Is  that  a  moose  fisslen'  amang  t'  gerse  ? 
Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  11. 

Furtlen  up  an  doon  t'  streets. 

Scoap.    p.  142,  line  5. 

Fit,  g.  (fit)— Disposed  to,  in  such 
a  state  as,  of  such  a  kind  as. 
"  They  war  fit  to  feyt  about  her." 

A  waow  like,  a  yowl,  fit  to  freeten  a  man. 
Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.    Stz.  1. 

— c.,  Ns.,  E—  Did  fight,  fought. 
The  Thuirsby  chaps  they  fit  the  best 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  i. 

Fitch,  ft  (fich)— The  Vetch. 

Ah  fand  ah  was  gittn  as  full  as  a  mm. 
Scoap.    p.  170,  line  4. 


121 


Fiz,  g.  (fiz) — A  hissing  noise. 

Fiz  bo'  :   see  Fuz  bo'. 

Fizzer,  c,  E.,  sw.  (fiz.U'R') — To 
punish ;  to  give  pain  to ;  to  put 
in  a  fix.  (b.)  To  make  a  loud 
hissing  noise,  as  when  water  drops 
on  hot  iron,  etc. 

Efter  sec  a  cum  off  as  that  ah  was  fiz- 

zert  ;  ah  couldn't  sooa  mickle  as  flakker. 

Scoap.    p.  122,  line  9. 

Flail,  g.  (flael)— To  hit ;  to  beat 
with  a  down  stroke. 
Draper  hed  a  fashin  ehFLAiLiN  his  scholars 
when  they  desarvt  it.      Scoap.  p.  3,  line  23. 

Flail  cappin,  g.  (flael-kaap.in) — 
The  leather  attached  to  the  upper 
end  of  the  flail  soople. 

Flail  hingin',  g.  (flael-ing.in) — 
The  thong  connecting  the  two 
parts  of  a  flail. 

Flailin',  g.  (flae.lu'n)— A  beating. 

Oor  Tom  gat  sec  a  flailin  at  skeul.  S.D.B. 

Flaitch,  c,  e.,  nw.  (flaech). 
Fleech,  sw.,  n.  (flee.ch)— A  flat- 
terer, wheedler. 

He's  a  fair  flaitch  when  he  wants  owte. 
Gibson,    p.  175. 

— To  flatter ;  coax. 

It's  better  to  flaitch  a  feul  nor  to  feight 
widhim.      Gibson — T'Reets.  p.  12,  line  14. 

Ah  knew  bravely  he  was  nobbut  flaitch- 

en,  sooa  ah  keept  em  off  at  arm's  lenth. 

Scoap.    p.  30,  line  8. 

Flaitcher,  g. — Flatterer. 

To  hev  a  few  flaitchers  I  think  there's 
nae  harm  in.  Sonos.    p.  15,  line  13. 

Flaitchment,  g.  (flae.chmu'Nt) — 
Flattery. 
A  rovin'  yung  chap  'at  ga's  hard  efter  t' 


An'  stuffs  them  wid  o'  maks  o'  flaitch- 
ment  an  less. 

Gibson — Ned  o'  Kesick.    Stz.  4. 

Flak,  c,  sw.  (flaak).  Issol,  sw. 
(is.U'l) — A  flake  of  soot ;  an  em- 
ber, hot  ash.    See  Toppin  peats. 


Flak,  g. — To  cut  and  lay  down 
turves. 

Flake,  c.  (flaek).  Fleek,  N.,  e. 
(fleek).  Bar-flake,  nw.  —  A 
sheep  hurdle  ;  a  barred  water 
heck.  Also  a  frame  horizontally 
suspended  from  the  ceiling  on 
which  flitches  of  bacon,  etc.,  are 
laid  to  dry. 

Blin'  Stagg  the  fidler  gat  a  whack 
The  bacon  fleek  fell  on  his  back. 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.  Stz.  9. 
I  imagine  the  word  refers  to  the  frame 
rather  than  to  the  "  flick  "  or  flitch,  there 
being  strong  distinction  in  the  pronun- 
ciation where  both  words  are  in  common 
use.  (W.H.). 

Flakker,  g.  (flaak.U'r) — A  person 
who  cuts  and  spreads  flaks. 

— To  laugh  heartily;  to  flutter,  quiver, 
(b.)  Especially  said  of  the  heart. 
Ah  was  fizzert ;  ah  couldn't  sooa  mickle 
as  flakker.  Scoap.    p.  122,  line  9. 

Till  soon  her  eye,  as  in  suspense  she  stood, 
Dropt  on  a  boddy  flackring  in  its  blood. 
Relph — Pyramus.  p.  87. 
My  heart  aw  flacker'd  for't  I  was  sae 
fain.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  15. 

Flam,  G.  (flaam) — Flattery — equi- 
valent to  "  blarney  "  ;  falsehood 
jestingly  told. 

Flan,  c,  N.  (flaan)— Flat ;  shallow. 
"  They  gave  us  fry't  eggs  and  collops  in  a 
flan  dish." 

Flange,  c,  b.,  e.,  nw.  (flaanj)— To 
extend  in  a  sloping  direction. 

Flap,  g.  (flaap).    c,  wc.  (flaup)— 
A  blow  delivered  scarcely  in  ear- 
nest ;  an  untidy  woman. 
She's  a  fair  flap  trailin'  from  hoose  to 
hoose.      R.K. 

— To  strike,  (e.)  To  wander  with- 
out a  purpose. 

"  She's  just  flappan  up  and  down,  an  o' 
about  nought." 

Flap-daniel,  e.  (flaap-daanjel) — 
A  careless  and  untidy  person. 


122 


Flapper,  a  (flaap.l  r)— A  young 

wild  duck. 
— To  flap  ;  to  make  a  disturbance,  to 

frighten. 

"Ah  was  ter'ble  flappert  when  ah  hard 't." 

He  leaap  up  an  flappert  terrably,  per- 

tendan  teh  poo  his  jackets  off. 

Scoap.     p.  89,  line  20. 

Flat-bread,  c,  sw.  (flaat-br'EED)— 
Cakes  made  of  barley,  and  called 
flatbread  .  .  .  are  still  in  general 

USe.  Ferguson,    p.  149. 

Flay,G.(FLAE) — Something  hideous, 
or  terrifying ;  a  fright. 
"  He  com  sa  suddent  on  yan,  'at  I  gat  a 

FLAY." 

An'  put  a  serpleth  on  like  mine   .   .   . 
Thoo's  just  a  parfet  flay  ! 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  81,  line  7. 
— To  frighten. 

Afterwards  the  defendant  threw  dirt  at 
the  donkey  and  flayed  it  with  his  hat. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  May  12.    p.  7,  col.  4. 
Fleyin'  a  bird's  no  the  gate  to  grip  it. 

Gibson — Proverb,  p.  175. 
Flayan,  G.  (flae.itn)— Something 
which  causes  alarm,  an  apparition. 
A  blue-devilled  fellow  at  Coniston  said  he 
could  not  stay  in  his  house  because  there 
was  a  flayan  in  it.  "  Ey,"  said  his 
mother,  "  If  there  isn't  there  will  be — 
there  'ill  be  empty  cupboards,  there 
needn't  be  war  flayan  nor  that !  " 

Gibson,    p.  175. 

Flay-crow,  c. (flae.krau).  Flay- 
scarl,  e.  (skaa.R'U'l)  —  A  scare- 
crow. 

It  leuk't  likest  a  flay-crow  iv  owt  'at  I 
could  compare  't  teu. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  31,  line  4. 

Flaysom',  g.  (flae.su'M)  —  Fright- 
ful, terrible. 

For  t'  lwoan  ligs  dark  atween  its  banks, — 
a  flaysome  rwoad  to  gang. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.  Stz.  2. 
T'  ghoast  began  ta  cum  farder  an'  farder 
doon  t'  church,  ...  it  was  gitten  fairly 
flaysum.        Betty  Wilson,   p.  96,  line  13. 


Flay  spead,  <;.  (spiaad)— A  spade 
used  for  paring  turf. 
Now  grund  up  a  flay-speadd  to  cut  toppin 
peat.  Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  13. 

Flayt,    G.   (flaet)  —  Frightened, 
timorous. 
He  saw  hoo  flate  we  war. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  35,  line  10. 
Flaytly ,  g. — In  a  frightened  manner ; 
timorously. 
O  for  Billy  Watson'  lonnin'  of  a  lownd 

summer  neeght ! 
When  t'  stars  come  few  an'  flately. 

Gibson — Billy  Watson,    line  1. 

Fleckellary,  wc,  NO.  (flekel.it ri) 
— Fritillary  butterflies  (a  corrup- 
tion)—  Argynni*  and  Meliteea.   F.D. 

Fleck't,  g   (flekt) — Marked  with 
large  spots  or  blotches. 
Liftin'  oor  hearts  up 

Throo  yon  fleckert  sky. 
Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    Nature's  Church, 
p.  75,  line  3. 

Flecky-flocker :   see  Scop. 

Fleece  woo,  g.  (flees  woo)— Wool 
that  has  been  shorn  off  the  sheep 
as  distinct  from  that  which  has 
been  pulled  off  the  skin  of  the  dead 
animal.  To  roll  up  the  fleece. 
Let  sheep  run  a  fortneet  and  than  comes 
on  clippin'. 
And  bleatin',  and  fleecin'  o'  woo. 

(Ymbriana.     p.  247,  line  1. 

Fleech. :   see  Flaitch. 
Flee-gary :   see  Hee-gary. 
Fleek:   see  Flake. 

Fleet,  g.  (fleet).     Fleeght,  N. 
(fleeght).  Flit,  c.,Ns.,e.— Flight : 
removal  of  goods. 
T"  fleet  o'  time.    Richardson,  2nd.   p.  161. 
He  mead  a  moonleeght  fleeght 

Gibson — Branthet.    Stz.  _U 

— To  remove  goods,  especially  secret- 
ly and  when  in  debt. 

If  a  person  disappeared,  or  got  out  of  the 

way  suddenly,  he  was  snui  to  have  ki.ittko. 

RlCB&RDSOK,  1st.     p.  165. 


123 


Fleet,  c,  E.,  nw. — The  lot;  the  whole 
number  or  quantity. 
"  Thou's  cap't  t'  heal  fleet  o'  them." 

— SW. — To  skim  milk. 

Fleetin'  dish,  c,  sw.  (flee.tu'N 
dish).  Scale  d. ,  N.,  e. — A  cream- 
ing or  skimming  dish. 

Flegmagaries,  g.  (flegmu'Gae.riz) 
—Useless  flipperies  of  female  dress. 
In  aw  her  flegmagaries  donnt, 
What  is  she? — nowt  'et  dowe! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  7. 

Fleuk,  g.  (fliuok).  Fleeak,  sw. 
(fleeak)  —  The  flounder  fish — 
Pleuronectesflesns.  The  sheep-fluke. 
Anything  engendeied  by  corrup- 
tion ;  of  fly-blown  meat  it  is  said 
that  "  its  fairly  whick  wi'  fleuks  " 

(J.  Ar.). 
Me  mind  hed  bin  meadd  up  a  lang  while 
to  gang  an'  see  cockles  an'  fleeaks  catcht. 
Forness  Folk.  p.  31,  line  1. 
Ye  wod  be  war  ner  t'  man  girt  like,  an  say 
flooanders,  but  to  my  fancy,  fleeuk  is 
maist  like  his  bisness. 

Cumbriana.    p.  69,  line  4. 

Fleuk-feuttit,  g.  (fiuot.it) — Flat 
footed. 

Fleus,  ec.  (fliuos) — A  heap  of  loose 
straw  or  hay,  etc. 

Fleuterment,  g.  (fliuotth.U'R'- 
mu'Nt)— Kidiculous  talk. 

Fleuz,  c,  e.,  nw.  (fliuoz).  Freuz, 
sw. — To  bruise,  or  fray  as  when 
an  unferruled  walking-stick  is 
fringed  by  usage.  To  damage  the 
edge  of  a  sharp  tool,  to  bulge. 
"Freuzed  oop  is  used  here"  (r.k.). 

Fliar,  g.  (flaaiu'R') —  To  laugh 
heartily ;  to  laugh  and  talk  loudly ; 
sneer.  To  laugh,  or  rather  to 
have  a  countenance  expressive  of 
laughter,    without    laughing    out 

(Brocket). 

Auld  Jos  .  .  .  wad  ha'  flire't  an'  laugh't 
at  fwok  when  they  war  telling  ower  what 
it  dud.       Richardson,  2nd.    p.  155,  line  10. 


Flidder,  w.,  sw.  (fliddh.U'R'). 
Limp,  sw. — A  limpet. 

Flinders,  g.  (fllntth.U'R'Z  ;  flin- 
ddh.U'R'z)  —  Fragments,  broken 
pieces. 

It  leapp  fray  crag  to  crag,  an'  was  smasht 
o'  to  flinders  afoor  it  gat  doon  into  Cogra 
Moss.  Cumbriana.    p.  10,  line  10. 

Flinsh,  G.  —  G oldfinch —  Cardudis 
elegans. 

The  flinch  ...  as  Cumbrian  bird  fanciers 
call  it.  Fauna,    p.  132,  line  19. 

Flipe,  G.  (flaaip) — The  rim  of  a  hat. 

His  hat  hed  gitten  bulged  in  at  t'  side,  an' 
t'  flipe  on't  was  cock't  up. 

Gibson— Betty  Yewdale.  p.  74,  line  6. 
A  retired  sea-captain  at  Whitehaven  used 
to  be  called  "  Flipy  Fisher,"  on  account  of 
his  broad  brim.  Gibson,    p.  175. 

— c,  B.,  e.,  nw\ — To  remove  quickly. 
"  He  flyp't  off  his  pint,  and  he  flyp't  o' 
t'  rest  off  t'  teabble,  and  than  he  flyp't 
hissel  off." 

Flisk,  n. — To  bounce,  skip. 

When  neest  Nan  frumps  and  frowns,  and 
flisks  and  kicks.  Clark — Seymon.  line  78. 

Flittermoos,  c. — The  bat  is  some- 
times so  called. 

Flitting,  g. — The  act  of  removing 
furniture.     See  Fleet. 

A  Cumberland  Farmer's  Flitting.  Mr 
D —  who  has  migrated  ...  to  Suffolk. 

C.  Patr.    1896.  Jan.  24.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Float,  N. — A  float  whiting  is  one 
that  has  been  in  the  river  all  the 
winter  since  the  previous  summer, 
and  is  in  an  unfit  condition. 

Flodder,  c,  e.,  nw.  and  Flod- 
derment  (flauddh.U'R'MU'Nt) — 
Froth  ;  half-dissolved  snow. 

Flonker,  c,  n,  nw.  (flaun.ku'r)— 
Anything  large  ;   a  thrashing  ;  a 
doubtful  tale. 
Thoo'll  git  a  flonkin  fer  rivin'  thi  shirt. 

Pen.  Obs.   Jan.  4. 
That's  a  flonker  an'  neea  mistake.    Ditto. 


124 


Flopper,  n.,ne.(flaup.U'R')— A  fall. 


Flother,  n. 

miry  bog. 


NW.   (FLAUDH.U'R)— A 

(e.)  A  pond. 


Flothersom,  sw.  (flauth.U'RSU'm) 
— Heavy  (of  clothing).     r.k. 

Flothery,  nw.,  e  (flaudhu'R'i)— 
Wanting  in  solidity,  jelly-like.    j.h. 

Flowe,  nw.(flauw)— An  extensive 
and   unsheltered   peat   bog;    salt 
marsh  on  an  estuary. 
Solway  Flowe,  Wedholme  and  Bowness 
Flowes. 

The  wet  floes  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Eng- 
lish Solway.  Fauna,    p.  141. 

— G.  not  sw. — Wild,  stormy;  bleak 
and  cold ;  skittish.  Expresses  a 
certain  blue  unwholesome  pallor, 
as  from  cold  or  weakness  (Lake 
Country.  App.  I). 
"  Oor  Ally's  varra  flowe  yit." 

T  missus  kens  weel  eneugh  't  flowe 
weather  doesna  seem  her. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  56,  line  2. 

Fluet,  c.,e.,nw.(flioo.U't)— A  sharp 
blow  sufficient  to  knock  a  person 
down. 
"Hit  him  a  fluet  ower  t'  lug." 

Ah  up  an'  scopt  em  atween  t'een  wih  me 
reet  neef,  an  when  he  was  fo-an  ah  teaak 
em  anudder  fluet  wih  t'  left  ower  t'  side 
iv  his  scoap.  Scoap.    p.  30,  line  9. 

Fluff,  g.(flauf;  fluof)— The  light- 
est of  chaff. 

Fluffy,  c.  (fluofj  ;  flauf.i).  Fufry , 
n.  (fuof.i) — Very  light  and  loose. 

Girt  white  floffy  waves  coh  fleean  ower 
us.  Scoap.    p.  50,  line  3. 

Fluffment,  g.(fluof.mu'Nt)— Light 
and  loose  talk,  or  material. 

Her  dress  o'  fluffment  an'  leace.   S.D.B. 

Flummery,  g.  (fltjom.U'Rt)— Flat- 
tering verbiage. 


Flummox,  a,  ec.  (fluom.uks)— A 
state  of  astonishment,  bewilder- 
ment. 
Thoo's  put  me  in  a  flummax. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan  11. 

— To  defeat ;  to  put  hors  de  combat,  to 
astound. 

Ah  fairly  flummoxt  'im  when  Ah  tellt 
im.      S.D.B. 

Flung,  g.  (fluong)— Deceived,  de- 
feated. 

"  He  was  fairly  flung." 

Flush,  g.  (fluosh)  — To  spring 
game. 

Flushcocks,  c,  sw.  (fluosh.kauks) 
— The  rush — Juncus  yigr  Melius. 

Flusteration,  g  (fluostth.U'Rae.- 
shu'n)  —  Excitement   and   confu- 
sion. 
Flyte,  G.  (flaeit)— To  jeer ;  scold. 
Cursty'  wife  was  kind  an'  canny, 
Nowder  gi'en  to  flyte  nor  fret ; 

Gibson — Cursty  Ben.    Stz.  3. 

Fo',  c,  nw.  (Flu).  Faa,  sw.,  n. 
(faa) — A  fall ;  a  turn  or  bout  of 
wrestling.  A  Fo'  o'  wood,  the  ex- 
tent of  wood  cut  in  one  season. 

An'  t'  boilin'  fleud  is  seen, 
Come  lowpin'  doon,  faw  efter  faw. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  105,  line  6. 
An  at  russlin,  whilk  o'  them  dar  try  him 
a  faw  ? 

Anderson — Matthew  Macree.  Stz.  3. 
Here's  a  parlish  good  pleaace  for  a  swingin 
hipe,  or  a  good  buttick,  owder ;  what 
thinks  teh,  will  teh  try  a  fo'  ? 

Scoap.    p.  21,  line  20. 

Foald,   c.  (fauld).     Faald,  sw. 
(faald).   Fole,N.(FAUL).   Faal, 
N.  (faal)— The  farm-yard  fold. 
An  oald  gentleman   .  .  .   com'  in  tul  ooar 
foald. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,  p.  1,  line  2. 
He  steeks  the  faul-yeat  softly  tui. 

Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.    Stz.  7. 

— To  impound  stray  cattle  in  a  pin- 
fold. 


125 


Foaldin'  bit,  c, sw. (fau.ldun bit) 
— A  triangular  piece  cut  from  the 
edge  of  a  sheep's  ear  as  a  mark 
of  ownery.  These  bits  may  be 
upper  or  under  according  as  they 
are  cut  from  the  upper  or  under 
fold  of  the  ear. 

Fo'en  skin,  g.  (fau.itn  skin)— The 
skin  of  a  domestic  animal  dying 
of  disease  or  accident, 

Fo-en  woo',  e.,  nw.  (fau.U'N  woo). 
Skin  woo',  nw,sw. — Wool  pulled 
from  the  skins  of  sheep  dying  of 
rot  or  disease,  and  it  is  said  to  be 
more  subject  to  be  wormeaten 
than  clipped  wool  when  worked 
into  yarn  or  cloth. 
And  at  neet  after  milkin',  and  supper  put 
bye, 
Mak  swills,  or  card  skin  woo. 

Cumbriana.    p.  237,  line  3. 

Fog,  G.  (faug) — Aftermath;  moss.. 
T"  gurse  theer  was  hofe  a  feutt  deep 
ameaast,  an  as  thick  as  clover  fog. 

Scoap.    p.  73,  line  20. 

Foggy,  c,  e.,  nw.(faug.i)— Spongy. 

See  swingin'  owr  the  foggy  swaird, 
Begrac'd  wi'  angel  features. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  30. 

Foil,  g.  (fauil)  — The  "scent"  of 
game  or  vermin ;  any  bad  odour. 
"Runnin'  oald  foils"  —  following 
old  courses.  "He's  rinnin'  t'  oald 
foil" — going  a  second  time  over 
the  scent,  and  metaphorically  re- 
newing intimacy  with  a  former 
sweetheart. 
"  Cush !  what  a  filthy  foil." 

Hark  ye,  that's  Mopsy  running  foil. 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    p.  8,  line  7. 

The  foil  of  the  Mart  is  sweet. 

Fauna,    p.  19,  line  5. 

— To  defile.  Trampled  ground  is 
said  to  be  foiled. 


Fo'  in  wid,  g.  (fau  in  wid)— To 
meet  by  chance. 

We  fell  in  togither  ae  het  summer  day  ; 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  2. 

Ah  happmt  teh  leuck  upbank,  thoo  sees, 
as  ah  varra  offen  deuh,  when  ah  foa  in 
wid  a  harder  wurd  ner  common. 

Scoap.    p.  5,  line  3. 

Foisty,  G.  (faui.sti) — Having  a 
musty  odour. 

This  flour's  gian  foisty.     Pen.  Obs.   Jan.  4. 

Followers,  g.  (faul.U'UOR'z)— 
Store  cattle  or  sheep  which  follow 
the  stock  fatting  on  turnips.  A 
breeding  mare  pony  has  sometimes 
two  or  more  of  her  offspring  with 
her  on  the  mountains,  and  these 
are  called  her  followers  ;  similar 
for  sheep. 

Two  ewes  with  their  followers  not  having 
more  than  two  lambs  each.      J.H. 

Fondsom,    G.   (faun.su'm)  —  Kind, 

caressing. 

Font,    c,  n.,   e.   (faunt)  —  Silly, 
attached,  "spoony,"  affectionate. 
An'  what  reet  hed  I  to  believe  thoo  wad 
deal 
Ayder  fairer  or  fonter  wi'  me  ? 

Gibson — Sneck  Posset.    Stz.  2. 

Wey,  Gworge !  tou's  owther  fuil  or  font, 
To  think  ov  sec  a  frow  ! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  7. 

Foomart, G. (foo.mu'R't).   Powcat, 
c.  —  The    polecat    or    foulmart  — 
Mustella  pntoria.      See  Powcat. 
He  cudden't  be  pleaster  if  we'd  catch't  a 
fox  or  a  FOOMART. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  35,  line  3. 

Foond,  c.,nw.  (foond) — To  purpose ; 
to  intend. 
"  I  foond  to  build  a  house."      Obsolesc. 

Fo'  oot,  G. — To  quarrel. 

They'd  some  o'  them  fawn  oot,  an'  war 
rippen'  an'  sweerin'. 

Richardson,  1st.    p  33,  line  2. 

Foor :   see  Fur. 


126 


Foorberin,  c,  nw.  (foo.U'R'Beeru'n) 
— Forewarning  (of  death,  etc.). 

Foor  door,  g.(doou'R') — Front  door. 

I  set  him  to  wear  the  fore-door  wi'  the 
speir.       Gilpin — Songs,  1st.   p.  117,  line  4. 

Foort'doors,  c,  Ws.,  b.  (utoo.U'R'T- 
doou'R'z) — The  yard  in  front  of 
the  house. 

Foor-elders,  g.  (eld.U'R'z).  Fwore- 
elders,  g.  not  nw.  (fwaur'-eld.- 
U'R'z).  Forebears,  c,  N.,  E.  (foo.- 
U'R'BEERz) — Ancestors. 
She  was  as  savage  as  iver  her  fooar- 
elders  could  a  been.      Scoap.    p.  60,  line  7. 

The  stracklin  spends  gude  neame  an'  gear, 
His  fwore-elders'  inheritance. 

Powley— Echoes,    p.  143,  line  4. 

Who  knows  where  you  were  born  ?  or 
who  your  forebears  were  ? 

Two  Ways.    p.  11,  line  11. 

Foorhand,  g.  Fworehand 
(fwaur') — Beforehand. 

Foosen,  sw.  (foo.su'n) — Liberal. 

(R.K.) 

Foorset,  g.  (foo.U'R'SET  ;  fwau.R'- 
set) — To  anticipate,  to  waylay. 

Defendant  proceeded  up  the  road  towards 
Sark  Bridge,  and  witness  forset  him. 

C  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  6.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

I  tell  him  if  he  wad  nobbut  shoot,  "  Hy 
the',  git  away  by,"  as  he  does  when  he 
sends  him  for  t'  sheep,  he  wad  mebby 
fwoorset  yan  an'  bring' t  back, 

Richardson,    p.  74,  line  5. 

Foorstart,  G.  (foo.U'RSTAAR'T  ; 
fwau'R') — To  start  before  the  rest. 

Footh,  c,  sw.  (footh)  Foothiness. 
— Plenty,  abundance. 
Niggardliness  has  its  proverbs  as  well  as 
foothiness.         W.C.T.X.   1897.   p.  3,  col.  4. 

Foothy,  a,  n.,nw.(foo.thi).  Faww- 
thy,  sw.  (faaw.thi)  —  Large, 
bulky,  hospitable  ;  (n.,  e.)  kind, 
liberal. 

It's  a  foothy  hoose  is  Betty  Turnbull's. 
Gibson,    p.  176. 


An'   t'  foothiest   laal   wife,   teuh,  eh  t' 
country  side.  Scoap.    p.  158,  line  23. 

And  foothy  crops  o'  beans  an'  bigg 

Neest  year  mek  up  for  auld  lang  seyne. 
Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.  Stz.  16. 

Seyde  was  long,  and  foothy  was  big  or 
wide,  when  speaking  of  dresses.    J.H. 

For,  g.  (faur'  ;  FU'R')— For ;  going 
to.  In  the  sentence  quoted  below, 
the  pronunciation  varies  according 
to  the  emphasis  (s.d.b.). 
"  Whoar  is  ta  for  (FAUR')  to-day  !  "  "  I's 
for  (FU'R')  Whitten." 

"  Ur  ye  for  (FU'R')  off  ?  "    "  Ay,  Ah  mun 
be  gangin."    S.D.B. 

Forby,  G  (fu'R'BAAI.)  —  Besides ; 
over  and  above. 

Say  Nathan,  "I've  two  nags,  an'  sebben 
good  kye  ; 
A  nice  stock  o'  sheep,  an'  some  money, 

FORBY." 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  118,  Hm  4. 
Forby  usin  marrowless  buttons, 

To  t'  pocket  whol  he  stitcht  a  sleeve. 
Anderson — Bundle  ov  Oddities.  Stz.  3. 

Forder,  g.  (faur'ddh.ur).  For- 
ther,  c, sw. (faurdh.U'R').  Fur- 
der,  e.,  nw.  (fuorddh.U'R')— To 
forward  ;  assist,  promote. 

— Farther. 

Fore-crop,  G. — The  "  cut "  between 
the  shoulder  and  sirloin  of  a  beast. 

Foregather,  E. — To  meet,  encoun- 
ter. 
Ah  foregathered  wi' t'  priest. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  18,  line  4 

Forehead — The  innermost  part  of 
a  working  place  in  a  coal-mine. 

R.W.M. 

Fore-thigh,  ne.  (faur-thaei.)  — 
To  put  new  pieces  in  the  trowsers 
downwards  to  the  knees. 
Afterwards  favoured  me  with  the  fore- 
thighing  of  another  pair  of  browsers. 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  33. 


Forfouchten,  n.  (faurfauw.htu'n) 
Forfuffen,   E.  (faurfuf.U'n)  — 
Over-fatigued,  exhausted. 
They  war  sair  forfuffen  ta  git  a  trailen 
on.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  11. 

I'm  but  like  a  forfoughen  hound, 
Has  been  fighting  in  a  dirty  syke. 

Songs — Hobbie  Noble.    Stz.  28. 

Forgitty,  c,  sw.  (fu'R'GIT.i) — For- 
getful. 

For-ivver,  a  (fu'RIV.u'r)  —  Very 
much  or  many  ;  always. 
"  Theer  was  for  ivver  o'  fwok  at  t'  fair." 
An'  gat  for  ivver  o'  wark  oot  on  him. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  112,  line  6. 

Formable,  c,  sw.(fau.rmu'BU'l)— 
Properly  arranged,  in  due  form. 

Formel,  c,  ec,  sw.  (fau.rmu'Lt)— 
To  bespeak. 

"  He  formelt  a  par  o'  shun,  wi'  steel 
cokers." 

Fornenst :  see  Anenst. 

For  o',  g.  (fu'RAU.  ;  fr'au)  —  Al- 
though ;  notwithstanding. 

(It)  was  t'  best  fiddle  'at  iver  squeak't, 
for  o'  it  mead  ivery  body  else  badly  to 
hear  't.        Gibson — T' Reets.  p.  12,  line  18. 

Forthman,  c,  N.,  sw.  (c.  foou'RTH  ; 
N.  faur  th)— The  person  in  charge 
of  a  stinted  pasture,  who  directs 
when  the  cattle,  etc.  are  to  be 
driven  forth. 

Forthneet,  g.  (foou'.rth  ;  fuorth.- 
neet) — An  annual  merry-making. 
When  flax-spinning  by  the  line 
(or  lint)  wheel  was  the  custom, 
the  young  women  would  assemble 
in  half-dozens  at  their  neighbours' 
houses  with  their  wheels,  and 
spend  the  evening  in  spinning  and 
singing  till  bed-time,  when  fre- 
quently their  sweet-hearts  would 
be  in  attendance  to  conduct  them 
home.  See  Gangan  forth. 
Fwok  up  leatt  at  neets  and  sair  tue  't 

TO  git  till  O'  t'  FURTHNEETS. 

Cumbria  na.    p.  239,  line  7. 


127 

Fospel  whol,  c,  sw.  (fausp.U'L 
waul) — The  impression  of  horses' 
or  other  feet  on  soft  ground. 

Foter, c.,e.,sw. (fautth.U'R').  Fot- 
ter,  n,nw.  (fautth.U'R).  Fatter, 
ne.  (faatth.U'r)  —  To  hummel 
barley,  to  break  off  the  awns. 
The  servants  had  to  fatter  the  barley 
preparatory  to  its  being  put  through  the 
winnowing  machine. 

C.  Jr.    1899,  Jan.  24.    p.  2,  col.  8. 

Foterin'  iron,  g.  (faut.ru'N 
aai.ru'n).  Fatter,  ne.— An  imple- 
ment with  a  square  iron  frame, 
with  parallel  pieces  of  iron  running 
from  side  to  side  1£  inch  apart,  the 
frame  being  from  15  to  18  inches 
square. '  This  had  an  upright  handle 
with  a  cross  piece  on  the  top,  and 
was  used  on  the  grain  after  thrash- 
ing and  winnowing — spread  out  on 
a  clean  floor — beating  it  with  an  up 
and  down  motion.  The  angs  were 
thus  removed. 

C.  Jr.   1899,  Jan.  17.   p.  3,  col.  1. 


The  barley  .  .  .  was  struck  vertically  by 
the  fatter.     C.Jr.  1899,  Jan.  24.  p.  2,  col.  8. 

Fo'  through,  g.  (fau-thr'oo) — To 
fail,  not  to  succeed  (of  projects). 

Fots  :   see  Scoggers. 

Fowt,  g.  (fauwt)— A  petted  child  ; 
a  foolish  person. 
An'  Etty  is  the  hinny-FOWT 
Ov  aw  the  country  roun. 
Anderson — Thuirsby  Witch.   Stz.  2. 

Fowten,  c,  e.,  nw.  (fauw.tu'n) — 
Fought. 

He  wad  hae  fowten  wi'  enny  body  'at 
neam't  it.       Richardson,  1st.   p.  98,  line  5. 

Fox  feet,  c,  sw.  (fauks)— The  fir 
club-moss — Lycopodium  Seluijo. 

Fox's  tail :   see  Buck  horn. 

Foxy,  g.  (fauks.i)— Crafty. 

Foz-bog  :   see  Shog  bog. 


128 


Fozzy,  c.  (fuoz.i).     Fuzzy,  e.,  sw. 
— Soft  as  a  frosted  turnip. 
T'  bark  was  a  kind  eh  fozzy,  an  nut  at  oa 
unlike  cork.  Scoap.    p.  231,  line  8. 

Fradge,  g.  (fr'Aaj)— To  fray. 
He'd  rub'd  it  tell  he'd  frij'd  o'  t'  skin  off. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  17. 

Frahdle,  (fraad.U'l)  —  To  talk 

foolishly.         Ferguson — Dialect,   p. 48. 
(Not  known  to  correspondents). 

Frain't,  G.  (fr'aent)— Marked  with 
many  small  spots  or  "ticks." 

Frap,  c,  sw.  (fraap)— The  noise 
of  a  sudden  crack  or  report ;  blow 
producing  such  a  sound. 
He  gev  'im  sec  a  frap  on  't  seid  o'  t  heed. 

S.D.B. 

— To  snap  the  finger  and  thumb,  to 
strike. 
If  it  fraps  an'  cracks  it's  bad  coal.   Jos.  P. 

Fratch,  g.  (fr'Aach) —  A  noisy 
quarrel. 

T'  fratch  gat  feurcer  an'  louder  ner  iver. 
Gibson— Oxenfell  Dobby.    p.  92,  line  5. 

"  Fratch  is  a  Cumberland  word.  What  is 
the  meaning  of  it  ?  "  "  A  wordy  quarrel 
between  two  women." 

C.  Patr    1895,  Oct.  18.   p.  7,  col.  1. 

— To  quarrel,  bicker  in  words ;  scold.   | 
I  am  better  in  lodgings   than  at  your 
house,  getting  fratched  every  time  I  go 
in.  C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  12.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

I  thowt  they  fratch't  an'  argee  't  on 
Till  it  was  var  nar  neet. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  82,  line  9. 

Freckled  sky,  c.  (fr'EK.U'lt  skaai) 
— Mackerel  sky. 

Free,  c,  sw.,  e.  (fr'ee).  Tine,  n.,  sw. 
(taein).  Hain,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (haein) 
— To  shut  up  a  pasture  field  till 
the  grass  grows  again;  to  keep 
untouched.  See  Tine. 
We'll  not  give  ya  pleace  a'  our  gift 
An'  hain  nought  for  anither. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  24. 


Freedom,  c,  sw.,  B. — Cease  play. 
Children  also  shout  "Kings ! "  (J.B.). 
See  Barley  play. 

Freelidge,  g.  (fr'EE.lij)— The  free- 
hold privileges  belonging  to  the 
burgage  tenure. 

Freetnin,  sw. — A  ghost  or  dobbie. 
See  Dobbie. 

Fremd,  sw., n., e. (fremd).  Naud, 
E. (not known) — Strange;  (B.) applied 
to  weather,  dry,  cold  and  ungenial. 
Now,  nin  er  nar  us,  but  fremm'd  feaces. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz.  1. 

What,  if  the  hand  of  fate  unkind 
Has  us'd  us  fremtly,  need  we  peyne  ? 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  10. 

We  have  had  a  very  cold  fremt  spring, 
and  work  is  very  backward.    J.H. 

French  grey :  see  Tailor  finch. 

Fresh,  c,  e.  (fresh).  Freysh, 
sw.,  nw.  (fr'aeish)— The  excess 
of  water  in  a  river  due  to  heavy 
rains  or  melting  snow. 

— Partly  intoxicated. 

"  Were  you  sober  that  night?"      "  I  was 
rather  fresh." 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Dec.  15.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Fresh  weather,  G. — Thaw  weather. 

Freuz  :   see  Fleuz. 

Frev,  n.  (frev)— From.  See  Fray. 

Thoo  wullent  git  a  fardin  mair  frev  me. 
Mary  Drayson.    p.  25,  line  9. 

Fridge,  c,  e.  (fr'ij).  Frudge,  n. 
(fruj) — To  brush  past  or  against 
a  person  in  a  rude  manner.  To 
wear  away  by  rubbing,  as  a  coat 
cuff,  or  a  stocking  heel. 

Frig,  c.  Friggle,  EC.  (frig.ux) — 
To  struggle. 

It  was  frigglen  aboot  an'  varra  near  at 
last  gasp.  Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Jan.  11. 

Froff,  c,  E.,  sw.  (frauf).  Frough, 
n,  sw.  (fr' a af)— Easily  broken. 

"  Froff  as  a  carrot." 


129 


Frogs' lettuce,  small—:  see  "Waiter 
Caltrops. 

Frosk,  c.  (fr'Ausk)  —  The  frog 
(nearly  obsolete). 
If  thou  saw  me  now  thou  cuddent  tell  me 
be  a  frosk  'at  heel  been  hung  up  bit  heels  i'th 
sunshine.  Smith — Borrowdale  Letter, 
p.  131,  line  13. 

Frostit,  g.  (fr' aust.it)  —  Frozen; 
damaged  by  frost. 
My  mudder  hes  got  frostet  heels. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  12. 

Fro  we,  g.  (frauw) —  A  fat  and 
morose  woman. 

Wey,  Gworge!  tou's  owther  fuil  or  font, 
To  think  ov  sec  a  frow  ! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  7- 

Frowsy,  c,  b.,  e.,  sw.  (frauw.zi)— 
Coarse,  overgrown,  vulgar  (of  a 
woman). 

Frozzen  oot,  g.  (fr'auz.U'n)— In 
long  continued  frost  the  surface  of 
the  ground  becomes  dry  and  dusty, 
and  the  moisture  is  then  said  to 


be 


FROZZEN   OOT. 


Frudge  :   see  Fridge. 

Fruggam,  c,  sw.  (fruog.U'm)— A 
dirty  lazy  woman. 

Frummety,  c,  E.f  sw.  (fr'tjom.U'Ti) 
—  Barley    or   wheat   boiled   and 
mixed  with  milk. 
Some  wheat  mun  be  cree't  for  a  frummety 
dish.  Cumbriana.    p.  240,  line  i. 

Frump,  g.  (fruomp) — To  be  scorn- 
ful, contemptuous. 
When  neest  Nan  frumps  and  frowns. 

Clark — Seymon.    line  77. 

'Frunts,  tak  t'  —  :  c,  nw.  (taakt 
fruonts) — To  take  offence. 
Many  a  fellow  wad  tak  t'  'frunts  if  his 
wife  spak  till  i'  that  way. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  17,  line  12. 

J 


Frush,  n.,  nw.  (fruosh)— Very 
brittle,  crumbly,  apt  to  splinter. 

Fudderment,  c,  Ws.  (fuoddh.u'R- 
MU'NT) — Warm  clothing  ;  excess 
of  clothing.  Also,  language  when 
excessive  and  untrue  (r.k.). 

Fuddersom,  c,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (fuoddh.- 
U'RSU'm)  —  Troublesome,  annoy- 
ing ;  bulky. 

A  gurt  cooat  's  varra  fultersome  when 
yan  's  ta  clim  ower  dikes. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.'  25. 

Fuddle,  g.  (fuod.U'l)  —  To  in: 
toxicate;  to  drink  in  order  to  be 
intoxicated  ;  also  applied  to  the 
poisoning  of  fish  by  throwing  lime 
or  other  chemicals  into  the  water. 
The  Eden  Fishery  Board  gave  or- 
ders to  their  watchers  to  throw 
into  the  river  in  summer  time 
when  the  water  was  low,  a  mix- 
ture of  Cocculus  indicus  and  rice, 
flourpaste  or  blood.  The  skelly,  a 
greedy  fish,  on  eating  this,  becomes 
intoxicated,  and  rushes  on  to  the 
shallows,  where  it  is  stranded,  and 
easily  caught, 

He  knew  a  member  who  said  he  would 
fuddle  them  for  a  free  ticket. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Feb.  16.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Sum  lads  kent  o'  t*  party,  an  triet  ta 
fuddel  Ben,  an'  they  succedit. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  71,  line  1. 

Fudgel,   c.   (fuoj.U'l)— A  clumsy, 

Stupid  child.  Lake  Country.  App.  I. 
She  was  ...  a  " slape-fisted  fudgel"  if 
she  let  a  brush  fall. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  39,  line  5. 

Fudgel  alboot,  c,  Ws.  (fuoj.ul- 
U'BOOt)  —  To  move  about  in  a 
clumsy  manner  (j.b.).  To  "  cadge  " 
about,  sponging  on  others  (r.k.). 

Fuff:   see  Whuff. 

Fuffy :  see  Fluffy. 


30 


Full,  c,  sw.,  e.  (fuol).   Poo,  n.,  nw. 
(foo)— Full ;  intoxicated. 
A  three-quart  piggin  fou  o'  keale. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  7. 

An'  sometimes  they 

Wad  sup  away 
Till  they  war  gaily  fu. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  82,  line  7. 

—To  fill. 

"Full  that  cup." 

I  nivver  thowte  he  wad  finnd  owte  on  t' 
fells  to  full  his  laal  bags  wid. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  2,  line  9. 

Full  drive,  Full  bump  :  see  Ding 
drive. 

Fulley,  c,  e.,  nw.  (fuol.i)— Ample, 
large. 
"That's  a  fulley  meadd  goon,  Tibby." 

"Ey  barn,  it's  t'  fashion  to  leukk  broad 
now,  thou." 

Fullick,  g.(fuoljk)— To  reach  over 
the  mark  when  playing  marbles. 
But  sometimes  to  give  the  taw  more  force 
he  will  jerk  his  hand   forward,  this  is 
fullickin'.     R.M. 

We'll  have  a  fair  round  now.  No  ful- 
locking.  It's  a  daft  game  is  that,  and 
none  but  novices  would  try  it. 

Mayroyd.    p.  80,  line  7. 

Fullins,  G.  (fuol.ins)— Small  stones 
which  are  used  to  fill  up  the  inside 
of  a  stone  wall ;  refuse  material. 

Full-oot,  G.  and  Full-mickle.  — 

Slightly,  (ec.)  Full  mickle  means 
rather  too  much. 

Ah's  fullout  betther  nor  ah  was  a  week 
sen.  Midsummer,    p.  30,  line  12. 

Full  pelt,  g.  and  Full  tilt— Quickly ; 
headlong ;  at  full  speed. 
"  He  went  full  tilt  doonbank  an'  fell  an' 
brak  his  nwose." 

They  ran  by  full  pelt  streight  up  into 
Brouton.  T'  Seioe.    p.  4,  line  8. 

Fummel,  g.— A  blundering  attempt. 


Fummellan  feast,  c,  sw.  (fuom.- 
U'LU'N  feest).  Mafflan  f. ,  <  !.,sw., 
E.  (maaf.lu'n)— When  a  married 
couple  are  dilatory  in  producing 
issue,  a  few  sly  neighbours  assem- 
ble unbidden,  at  the  house  of  the 
barren  pair,  and  invite  themselves 
to  tea  and  make  merry,  and  to 
wish  better  success. 

Funeral  customs — Some  customs 
have  already  been  referred  to,  but 
the  following  are  also  interesting. 
White  hat  mournings  were  worn 
by  men  at  funerals,  and  the  men 
sat  with  their  hats  on  in  the 
church,  not  only  on  the  day  of  the 
funeral,  but  also  on  the  first  visit 
to  church  afterwards,  usually  the 
second  Sunday  after  the  funeral. 
Cushions  might  be  stuffed  with 
pigeon  or  live  feathers,  but  beds 
never,  the  old  superstition  being 
that  no  one  dying  would  pass 
away  easily  if  lying  on  dove 
feathers.      w.c.t.x.  1892.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Fur,   c,  e.  (fuor').     Foor,  sw. 
(fooar')— A  furrow. 
He  didn't  ken  how  many  furs  a  plewman 
wad  hev  when  he'd  been  twice  at  ayder 
end  of  the  field.  W.C.T.H.  1893.  p.  9, col.  4. 

— c,  B.,  sw. — To  earth  up  the  tops 
of  young  potatoes  with  a  hoe. 

Fur  apples,  g.  (fuor  aap.uxz)— 
Fir  cones. 

Thuh'll  ha  been  teh  see  them  girt  trees  ? 
.  .  .  An  hoo  duh  they  git  them  girt  fur- 
apples  off  them  ?         Scoap.    p.  229,  line  1. 

Furst  feut,  g.  (fuorst  fiuot) — 
The  person  who  first  enters  the 
house  on  New  Year's  Day.  As 
the  fortunes  of  the  house  during 
the  ensuing  year  are  supposed  to 
be  dependent  on  the  character  of 
the  Furst  feut,  care  is  taken  that 
only  such  an  one,  generally  a  child, 
is  admitted  who  is  likely  to  bring 
luck ;  a  male  is  preferred  to  a 
female,  and  a  dark  to  a  fair  person. 


131 


Frequently  arrangements  are  made 
previously  with  a  "  lucky "  indi- 
vidual to  present  himself  at  the 
front  door  on  New  Year's  morning, 
bringing  a  piece  of  coal,  not  wood, 
in  his  hand,  when  he  will  be  ad- 
mitted as  Fuest  feut,  whilst  anyone 
else  will  be  refused  admittance. 
This  custom  is  not  so  common  as 
formerly. 

New  Year  lied  followed  Cursmas,  an'  the 
"Furst  foot"  lied  browte  Symie  mony  a 
glass.  Fire-side  Crack,    p.  16,  line  17. 

Fusom' :   see  Fewsom. 

Fussle,  g.  (fuos.ux)— To  bustle 
about. 

The  breydemaids,  a'  wi'  fuslin  care, 
The  breyde,  hauf-yieldin',  doft. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  42. 

Fusty  lugs,   g.  (fuost.i-luogz) — 
Mouldy,  antiquated. 
Thoo's  a  lal  fusty-lugs  i'  that  cooat. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  4. 

Fuz  bo',  g.  (fuoz  bau).     Fiz  ba'. 
Devil's  snuff-box,  wc. — The  puff- 
ball  fungus— Lycoperdon  bovista. 
Purple  an  yellow  lamps,  big  as  fuz-baws. 
Anderson— The  Cram ,    p .  60,  col .  1 ,  line  15. 

Fuzzen,  g.  (fuoz.U'n)  —  Strength, 
pungency,  briskness,  applied  to 
liquors. 

Fuzzenless,  g.  (fuoz.U'NLU's) — In- 
sipid, dry,  wanting  in  strength  or 
spirit. 

"  Dud  ta  nut  give  her  a  kiss  ?  "  "  Nea, 
kisses  is  nobbet  fuzzenless  things." 

Fuzzy :   see  Fozzy. 

Fwoalfeet :   see  Cleets. 

Fwoke,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (fwauk). 
Fooak,  c,  sw,  e.  (fooak)— Folk, 
people;  the  men  say  "woman 
folk"  and  "woman  body,"  whilst 
the  women  say  "men  fwok"  and 
"man  body." 

In  later  years  some  of  the  dale-FwoK  went 
far  afield  to  preach. 

*      C.  Patr.   1894,  Mar.  9.    p.  5,  col.  1. 
J2 


Fwoke  say  ye  ken  oa  things — what  hev 
I  forgitten  ? 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  19,  line  6. 

Varry  nar  o'  t'  men  fooak  about  hed  geean 
.    .    .   till  Cunniston. 

Gibson — Betty  Yewdale.   p.  74,  line  9. 

"  What  it  is  to  be  a  man-body  "  she  would 
say,  as  she  sat  opposite  to  him. 

White  Heather,    p.  107,  line  18. 

It  wod  ha'  been  a  queerly  woman  body 
'at  wod  ha'  teean  a  fancy  till  Jonathan. 
Gibson— Betty  Yewdale.    p.  74,  line  4. 

Now  in  com  the  women  fwok. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  6. 

Fworce,  c,  e.,  sw.  (fwajjrs)— A 
waterfall — Scale  Force,  Birker  Force. 


G 

Ga,  g.  (gaa).     Gang,  g.  (gaang). 

Gowa,  sw.  G-owe,  sw.  (gauw). 
Gan,  N.,  e.,  nw.  (gaan) — Go; 
gowa  is  nearly  obsolete,  and  was 
chiefly  used  as  an  invitation, 
"Come,  lads,  an'  gowa  to  t'  reasses," 
but  now  appears  in  the  form 
"  Howay." 

He  wantit  somebody  to  ga  wid  him  on  't 
fells. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  1,  line  4. 

An'  then  gow  to  Carel  wi'  me. 

Gilpin — Songs,  2nd.    Lonsdale, 
p.  11,  line  9. 

I  thowt  't  was  laal  matter  what  way  I 
sud  gang.       Richardson,  1st.   p.  51,  line  2. 

Ga-a-rockin,  g.  (gaait  R'auk.ln) — 
To  meet  at  friends'  houses  in  the 
evening,  taking  the  rock,  for  work 
and  talk.     See  Rock-gairds. 

Gab :   see  Gob. 


132 


Gabber,   g.   (gaab.U'r)-— To   talk 
nonsense. 

They  gat  oot  eh  geeat  iv  a  fella  at  wad 
gabber  sec  stuff  as  ah  dud. 

Scoap.    p.  74,  line  13. 

Gaby,G.(GAE.Bi).    Goby,E.(GAU.Bi) 
— A  silly  fellow. 
Dis  ta  hear  that,  thou  greet  gaby  ? 

Betty  "Wilson,    p.  16,  line  8. 

Gad  wands  :   see  Yadwands. 

Gaff,  g.  (gaaf) — A  metal  hook  at 
the  end  of  a  long  handle,  used  by- 
anglers  to  aid  them  in  landing  a 
large  fish.  It  is  likewise  employed 
by  poachers  in  an  illegal  manner. 
Idle  chatter,  gossip. 
Ban  across  the  field  with  the  fish  kicking  on 
the  gaff.    C.Patr.  1894,  Jan.  26.  p.  7,  col.  3. 

— To  chatter.     To  use  the  gaff. 
Betty  steud  an'  gaff't  at  t'  dooer. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  165,  line  3. 

T'  lass  was  deean  nowt  bit  gaffan  wid  a 
chap.    J.H.C. 

His  favourite  mode  of  procuring  salmon 
was  to  creep  down  prostrate  to  the  river 
side,  and  gaff  the  unwary  fish. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Mar.  30.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

Gaff,  to  be  on  the  —  :  G. — To  gos- 
sip, chatter. 

Old  Tommy  has  been  on  t'  gaff  — 
Tommy's  on  t'  randy. 

W.C.T.H.     1893.     p.  6,  col.  2. 

Gaffer,  g.  (gaaf.U'R') —  Governor; 
master  ;  Agent  in  lead  mines.    In- 
troduced with  the  railways. 
Ivverybody  kent  t'  ring  o'  t'   gaffer's 
hammer.     C.Pacq.  1893,  Ap.  20.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

"  Oh !  dash  it ! "  said  Jod ;  "  Gaffer,  that's 
nane  fair !  "  Mayroyd.    p.  80,  line  1. 

Gaffment,  g. — Idle  chatter,  gossip. 

"Stop  aw  that  gaffment,"  said  by  a  fore- 
man to  the  factory  girls  who  were  chat- 
tering and  not  attending  to  their  work. 

J.H.C. 
Gain :   see  Bain. 


Gairs  :   see  Butts. 

Gake,  Q.  not  E.  (gaek).  Kayk,  nw.: 
nc. — To  loiter  about  and  be  slow 
at  making  a  start;  wander  list- 
lessly; stare  vacantly.   See  Kayk. 

"Kaykan  aboot  like  a  pet  geus." 

What's  thoo  gakein  theear  aboot  ?  Jos.  P. 

An'  Peat'  lass,  wud  her  yellow  muffs, 
Stude  kaaikan'  like  a  gezlin'. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.      Stz.  36. 

Gakey,  g.  not  e.  (gae.ki)— One  who 
loiters,  and  is  slow  in  beginning. 
What's  thoo  gakein  aboot  ?  thoo's  a  fair 
gakey.      Jos.  P. 

Gallas,  g.  (gaal.us) — A  person  of 
evil  conduct ;  gallows. 
If  ah  dudn't  mend  me  ways,  ah  wad  end 
eh  t'  gallas  at  last.     Scoap.  p.  38,  line  11. 

— Badly  conducted,  wicked ;  exces- 
sive. 

"  Whea   brok't  ?  "   "  Whey  sum   gallas 
chap." 

We'll  see  them  cheat  an'  lythe  them  lee 
Owr  monny  a  gallows  bargain. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  25. 

Gallases,  c,  e.,  k,  nw.  (gaal.U'Siz) 
— Braces  ;  suspenders. 
Asteed  eh  beean  bucklt  eh  t'  top  win  a 
ledder  strap,  sum  fella  hed  wappt  a  par 
eh  oald  gallasses  three  or  fower  times 
aboot  them.  Scoap.    p.  218,  line  23. 

Gallivant,  g.  (gaal.ivaant) — To 
flirt. 

Ther  off  Era  heame  an'  ga  gallivantan 
aboot.      W.C.T.    1898,  July  9.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

Galloway,  g.  (gaal.U'WAe) — A 
stout  pony  or  cob. 

Dr  —  com'  ridin'  up  through  t'  rain,  on 
his  black  galloway. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  18,  line  5. 

Gaily  boke  :  see  Rannel  tree. 

Gamashers,  e.  (gaam.ushurz)— 
Gaiters. 


133 


Gambaleery  (gaamb.U'leeri)— A 
peculiar  kind  of  leather  from  which 
the  better  class  of  "Sunday  shun" 
were  manufactured ;  probably  equi- 
valent to  our  "  patent,  leather." 
Obs. 

I'd  weer  neyce  cottinet  stockins  ; 
An  new  gambaleery  clean  shoes. 

Anderson — King  Roger.    Stz.  3. 

Grammerstang,   g.  (gaam.U'R'- 
staang)  —  A  tall  and  awkward 
person. 
At  skuil  she  wad  'labour  the  lads  aw 

about  her, 
But  reading  the  gammerstang  never  wad 
learn.   Rayson — BandylanBet.  line  3. 

Gammon,  g.  (gaam,U'n)— Nonsense ; 
play. 

Gang,  G.  (gaang) — A  set  or  com- 
pany ;  (b.)  turn  to  play.     See  Ga. 

Her  neighbour  asked  her  if  she  would 
bring  her  back  a  gang  of  calves'  feet. 

W.C.T.X.     1893.     p.  3,  col.  2. 

"  It  s  thy  gang  (b.)  noo  !  " 

Gangan  forth.  :  see  Forth,  neet. 

Gangan  time,  G.  (gaang.un  taaim) 
— A  course  of  free  living ;  a  busy 
time. 

Gangin's  on,  g.  (gaang.lnz  aun  ; 
gaanz  aun) — Proceedings. 

"Ey  theer   was   fine   gangin's   on   at  t' 
weddin." 

Gangrel,   g.  (gaang.U'R'U'l)— A 
tramp,  a  vagabond. 
Ah's  nut  t'  fella  teh  be  teaan  in  be  enny 
gangrel  chaps,  at  mey  hev  markt  cards. 
Scoap.     p.  26,  line  23. 

Gangs  :  see  list  in  preface  under 
Gaz. 

Gang   thy  ways,  a  (gaang  thi 
waez)  —  This    merely    signifies 
"go  !  "  and  is  becoming  obsolete. 
Just  gang  thy  ways  reet  heam  agean, 
An'  throw  that  goon  away. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  81,  line  8. 


Gant,  sw.,n.,ne.(gaant)— To  yawn. 

Gantree,  G.  (gaan.tr'i) — A  stool  for 
supporting  ale  casks ;  (c.)  applied 
to  a  garret  or  room  upstairs. 
A  dark  cellar  .  .  .  hes  a  steane  slab  an'  a 
gantry  to  set  casks  on. 

C.  Pacq.  1893,  June  8.  p.  6,  col.  2. 
"  Ah  think  Ah'l  moont'  gantry,"  i.e.  go  to 
bed  upstairs.    S.D.B. 

Ga  on,  G.  (gaa-aun) — To  talk,  chat- 
ter. 

"She  scoaldit  and  went  on  at  a  parlish 
rate." 

Gap,  c,  sw.  (gaap) — An  opening 
in  a  fence.  Used  of  the  openings 
or  passes  amongst  the  mountains 
of  Lakeland,  e.g.  Whinlatter  Gap, 

Raise  Gap  (Ellwood). 

Gap  rails,  g.  (gaap  R'aelz) — Poles 
let  into  stone  or  wooden  posts  in 
place  of  gates. 

Gap  stead,  G.  (gaap  steed) — The 
entrance  to  a  field  closed  by  gap 
rails. 

Yan  on  them  hed  niebbe  to  back  ivver 
seah  far  till  it  gat  intill  a  gap-steed  to 
let  t'udder  past. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  1.     p.  6,  col.  3. 

Gar,  g.  (gaar') — To  compel. 

Thoo  laal  monkey,  I'll  gar  the'  gang  to  t' 
scheul.       Richardson,  1st.    p.  179,  line  12. 

Garn,c.,sw.,EC.(GAAR'U'N).  Gairn, 
k,  nw.  (gaeu'R'n).  Yern,'  c,  n. 
(iaer'n) — Yarn. 

Hoo  t'  lasses,  wi'  their  spinnin'  wheels, 
Aw  t'  cardin's  into  garn  wad  mak  ; 
An'  hoo  t'  auld  fwok  their  hanks  o'  garn, 
To  t'  market  ivvery  week  wad  tak. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  55,  line  9. 


Our  weyf€ 
nuik. 


reel'd  gairn,  and  sat  i'  the 
Anderson. — Ruth.    Stz.  1. 


Garn  clew,  g.  (klioo) — A  ball  of 
yarn. 

Like  turnan  a  garn  clew  on  a  knittin 
needle  stuck  through  t'  middle  on  't. 

Scoap.    p.  202,  line  10. 


134 


Garn  winnels,  g.  (wln.U'Lz) —  A 
horizontal  wooden  cross  from  which 
yarn  is  wound  off.  See  Swifts. 
Ah  wasn't  lang  noo  eh  makken  t'  legs  on 
em  flee  roon  like  a  par  eh  garn-winnels. 
Scoap.    p.  124,  line  1. 

Garrak,  G.  (gaar'.U'k) — An  awk- 
ward, stupid  person. 

Geudman  steud  wrauwlan  at  her  lug, 
An'  coa't  her  many  a  garrick. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  20. 

— Awkward,  stupid. 

"  As  garrak  as  an  unbrokken  cowt." 

"WT  ways  sea  garrak  an'  wi'  words  sea 

shy,       Gilpin — Poetry.   Death  of  Roger. 

p.  295,  line  3. 

Garron,  c,  e.,  sw.  (gaar'.U'n)— A 
tall  and  awkward  horse ;  (n.)  any- 
thing tall  and  ungainly. 

Garth,  g.  (gaarth),  Gards  —  A 
small  enclosure  near  the  house,  as 
the  Calf-GARTH  (fig.  :  the  place 
whence  a  family  springs),  Hemp- 

GARTH,       StaCk-GARTH,       Apple-GARTH, 

etc.     A  garden,  when  used  alone. 
Place-name,  as  GARTH-head,  West- 

GARTH,  MellGUARDS. 

Fish-GARTH  or  places  for  catching  salmon 
in  the  Eden.  Ferguson,    p.  45. 

The  cattle  shed  in  the  garth. 

C.  Path.    1894,  June  8.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

T'  cuddy  jook't  under  a  rail  in  a  stack- 
garth.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  138,  line  13. 

I  clappt  me-sel  doon  on  t'  skemmel  iv 
oor  garth  eh  t'  frunt  dooar. 

Scoap.    p.  5,  line  8. 

Gatens,  g.  (gaat.u'Ns) —  Sheaves 
of  corn  set  up  singly  to  dry. 

Gaudy-feast,  g.  (gau.di-fiaast) — 
Said  of  an  animal  having  white  on 
the  face  in  undefined  quantity ; 
applied  in  a  metaphorical  sense  to 
a  woman,  when  speaking  of  her 
in  a  depreciatory  manner. 
Hoot,  snaff!  she's  a  gaudy-feace't  yan. 

J.B. 


Gaut :  see  Gelt. 

Gavel,  c,  sw.  (gae.vu'l  ;  gaav.itl) 
—A  term  applied  to  a  mountain  in 
reference  to  its  resemblance  to  the 
end  of  a  house.  We  have  Gavel  Fell, 
and  Great  Gable  Or  Gavel  (Ferguson, 
p.  93). 

Gavel-dyke,  c,  nw.,  sw.— An  allot- 
ment of  fence  liable  to  be  maintain- 
ed by  a  farm  not  adjoining  to  it. 
Allotments  of  Gavel-dyke  are  mostly 
against  commons,  and  the  origin 
seems  to  have  been  for  relieving 
the  farmers  next  the  common  from 
a  part  of  the  pressure  and  trespass 
occasioned  by  sheep  turned  upon 
the  commons. 

Gawel,  c,  sw.  (gauw.ux).  Moss- 
wythan,  nw.  (maus-waai.thun ; 
waei.thun).  Bog  myrtle- 
Sweet  Gale — My  Hen  gale. 

Gawk :   see  Gowk. 

Gawm,c.,E.,sw.(GAUM) — Attention. 

"  To  give  gawm  to  "  (Ferguson,   p.  178). 

— To  understand,  comprehend,  give 
attention  to.  To  take  care  of.  Ob- 
solesc. 

Gawmas,  g.  (gau.mu's)  —  A  silly 
person. 

Stop,  Wull !  whee  was  't  brong  the'  a 
fortune,  peer  gomas  ! 
Anderson — Elizabeth  Burth-day.   Stz.  5. 

Gawmin,  c.  (gau.mln)— Ignorant, 
thoughtless.  Ferguson,    p.  178. 

A  body  knaas  better  haw  tae  carry  thersel 
when  they  er  amang  gentlefolk  :  van 
leaks  nit  sae  gawmin. 

Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue  IV. 

p.  72,  line  10. 

Gawving,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (gau.vu'n)  — 
Vapouring;    adjective  from  Guff. 
Ellwood. 
Greet  goving  tail,      Ellwood. 


135 


Gawvison,  a,  jr.,  e.  (gau.visu'n)— 

A  noisy  foolish  person.     There  are 

other  words  formed  in  the  same 

manner  as  this  is.   See  Mawkison. 

Queyte  flayt  ov  a  naig  bein  laught  at  by 

thousans 

Nae  guid  sec  gawvison  iver  sud  share ! 

Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.    Stz.  3. 

Gay,  g.  (gae  ;  gaei).  Gaily  (gae.li) 

— An  augmentative  term;  toler- 
able, considerable. 
"  A  gay  fine  day." 

"Here's  a  gay  canny  mwornin'."  —  A 
common  salutation. 

"  No  varra,  but  gay." — By-saying. 

It's  a  gay  bad  job. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

Gay  offen,  when  Dinah  I  manish  to  meet 
I  whisper.   Gibson — Lai  Dinah,  line  7. 

They  geddert  up  a  gay  few. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  2. 

"Hoo  irr  ye  preuvin?"     "Gaily,  gaily, 
gangin'  aboot !  " 

T  priest  was  fworc't  to  keep  us  gaily 
weel  anunder  his  thoom. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  19,  line  1. 

Gayshen,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (gae.shu'n) 
— An  emaciated  person,   one   re- 
duced almost  to  a  skeleton. 
I's  turn'd  queyte  a  gayshen  aw  neybors 
say.        Anderson — Barbary  Bell.   Stz.  4. 

Geea,    c.  (giaa) — Go,  a  hunting 
term. 
"Hoo  geaa  hark  to  Towler." 

Geal,  G.  (giaal  ;  giaal) — A  sudden 
pain  or  ache. 

— To  ache  with  cold;  to  grieve  or 
pain  (obs.);  to  crack  from  heat, 
cold  or  dryness. 

I've  an  oald  teuth,  when  t'  coald  gits  tull't, 
it  maks  o'  geal  agean.        Gibson,   p.  177. 

Lang  be  your  heart  an'  happins'  heale ; 
Ne'er  may  your  constitution  geal. 

Stagg — New  Year.    Stz.  36. 


Geals,  g.  (giaals).  Jayls,  c,  sw. 
(jaelz) — The  cracks  and  fissures 
of  timber  in  seasoning. 

Gean  wid  it,  g.  (giaan  wid  it) — 
In  the  way  of  recovery ;  having 
accomplished  it. 

Geat,  g.  (giaat) — Path,  road,  way. 
The  main  streets  leading  out  of 
Carlisle  and  other  towns  are  desig- 
nated Gates — RickerGATE,  Caldew- 
gate.  A  place-name  —  MealsoATE. 
The  passage  made  by  a  saw  when 
cutting  wood  is  a  saw-GEAT.  Rights 
of  pasturing  upon  marshes  or  fells, 
are  sheep  gates,  cattle  gates. 
"  Git  oot  o'  my  geat."  "Ta  geat  !  " — 
get  along ! 

T'  nick-neam  of  Wise  Whiff  .  .  .  com  tul 
him  i'  this  geat. 

Gibson— Wise  Whiff,    p.  27,  line  12. 

Intill  ivery  hoose,  ayder  up  t'  geat  or 
doon.      Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.    Stz.  2. 

Set  me  out  a  meyle  o'  geat. 

Anderson — The  Visit.    Stz.  5. 

The  tracks  down  the  side  of  the  mountain 
— are  by  old  people  termed  sledd  geats, 
because  they  were  formerly  used  for  bring- 
ing the  peats  down  on  sledges. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  184,  line  5. 

Geat,  c,  e.,  ne.  (giaat  ;  e.,  giet)— 
Appetite. 

It  gies  yan  a  bit  o'  giat  fer  yan's  break- 
fast. Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  18. 

Geave  (giaav) — To  stare  vacantly. 
Obsolescent. 

T'ou's  ay  ways  in  a  ponder ; 
Ay  geavin  wi'  thy  oppen  mouth. 

Blamire — Cumb.  Scoald.    Stz.  6. 

Geavlock,  c,  e.,  n.  (giaav.lauk). 
Geavlick,  c,  nw.,  n.,  e.  (giaav.- 
lik) — An  iron  crow-bar. 
Aw  cummen  togidder,  wi'  geavlocks  an' 
hammers  ower  their  shooders. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  21,  line  6. 

Nin  leyke  thee  cud  fling  a  geavlick. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz.  2. 


136 


Gedder,  g.  (geddh.U'R').  Gidder, 
sw. — To  gather;  to  pick  up  and 
take  away. 

I  hedn't  brong  him  t'  steans  'at  he'd  ged- 
der't  on  t'  fells. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  11,  line  18. 

Mr  Rowlins  tel't  his  men  ut  gidder  up 
the'r  hacks  an'  the'r  speeads. 

Gibson— Bannasyde.    p.  68,  line  4. 

Gidder  t'  yan  up,  an'  tak'  it  heam. 

W.C.T.X.     1896.     p.  2,  col.  4. 

Gee,  g.  (jee) — A  word  used  to  cause 
horses  to  turn  to  the  left.  An  ill- 
trained  horse  or  an  obstinate  man 
will  neither  gee  nor  woy  (jee  nu'R' 
wau),  i.e.  obey  command  or  en- 
treaty. An  affront,  stubborness. 
To  "  tak  t'  gee"  is  to  take  offence. 
See  Ajee. 

He  sed  Gee-hop,  an'  dreave  on  his  cart. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  7.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

I  niver  cried  whoa,  hop,  or  jee, 
She  kent,  aye  ev'ry  turn. 

Anderson — Peet-cadger.    Stz.  9. 

Wake,  Wakin !  shake,  shakin ! 
Then  she  teks  the  gee. 

Anderson — Ill-gien  Wife.    Stz.  6. 

Green,  c.,n.(geen)— The  wild  cherry 
—Primus  avium.  "  Applied  to  the 
small  and  large  variety  of  wild 
cherry  "  (j.  Ar.). 

Ge'en ;  Gee's  :  see  Preface  under 
Gin  and  Giz. 

Geer,  g.  (geeu'R')— Wealth,  dress, 
property  in  general,  cart  and  plough 
harness. 
But  I  moon't  sit  by  an'  see  him, 

Gear  an'  grun'  spang-hew  an'  spen'. 
Gibson — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  3. 
I  can  dyke,  men  car-GEAR. 

Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  4. 
The  Bruff-seyde  lairds  bangt  aw  the  rest    j 
For  braggin  o'  their  gear. 

Anderson — Worton.    line  6. 


Geggin,  g.  (geg.itn).  Cofe-geg- 
gin. — A  small  tub  of  equal  dia- 
meter at  top  and  bottom,  with  one 
of  the  staves  longer  than  the 
rest  to  act  as  a  handle  ;  used  for 
feeding  calves.  Formerly  called 
Hannel. 
Just  like  t'  cofe  geggins  'at  we  see. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  56,  line  2. 

Geggles,  g.  (geg.U'Lz)— A  giddy 
girl ;  a  careless  horse  which  car- 
ries a  high  and  unsteady  head. 
(e.)  A  game  something  like  nine- 
pins, and  nearly  extinct.  Geggle 
alleys  existed  in  many  villages 
within  living  memory. 

Geld,  G.  (geld)— Not  pregnant.  A 
barren  married  woman  is  a  geld 

wife.* 

When  ivry  yowe  bearr  twins,  an'  nut  a 
geld  yowe  amang  them. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.    IV.,  2. 
Geld  cattle  to  £8. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Dec.  3.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

Geld  grund,  c,  w.,  nw.  (geld 
gr'UONd)— A  mining  term  signi- 
fying ground  devoid  of  minerals. 
Barren  ground  where  the  seam  of 
coal  is  wanting  (R.W.M.). 

Gelt:  e.  (gelt).  Gilt,  n.  Gaut,  ec. 
(gaut)— A  male  pig.     See  Gilt. 

Gentle  and  semple,  g.  (jent.ux 

U'N  semp.U'l)— Upper  and  lower 

classes  in  society. 

Dan !  Dan !  what  doest  mean  ?  silly  beg- 
gar-like fellow ! 

Few  gentles  woud  sit  near  a  creetcln  r 
like  thee ! 

Anderson — Dandy  Dan.    Stz.  2. 

Thoo'U  be  leukt  up  till  be  greet  an  smaw. 

be  rich  an  pooar,  be  gentel  an'  sempel. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  29,  line  20. 

Get  away — "How  get  ye  away" — 
an  old  form  of  greeting. 


137 


Geus  beuk,  e.  (giuos  bitjok)— 
*  Wherein  is  recorded  the  foot  and 
other  marks  of  each  flock  of  geese, 
kept  in  the  parish  of  Kirkland, 
whereby  each  may  be.  identified 
in  case  of  being  mixed  with  other 
flocks,  or  of  straying." 

Geus  bow,  g.(bauw)— A  bow  hung 
round  a  goose's  neck  to  prevent 
it  creeping  through  hedges. 

Geus  flesh,  g.  (giuos-flesh)  —  A 
roughened  state  of  the  skin  occa- 
sioned by  a  chill. 

That  bristly  feeling  popuplarly  known  as 
goosey  flesh.     W.C.T.X.  1897.  p.  14,  col.  3. 

Geus  girse  and  cworn  :  see  Hav- 
ver  girse,  Clavver  girse. 

Geus  tansy  ;  Wild  tansy — Goose 
grass — Potent  ilia  anserhia. 

Ghem,  g.  (gem).  Ghemmy.— Lame, 
injured.     A  person  who  halts  in  ' 
his  gait  has  perhaps  a  ghemmy  leg,   | 
and  he  may  have   a  ghem   finger 
which  will  prevent  him  from  using 
his  hand. 

I  had  an  old  patient  with  a  bad  toe  and 
I  sent  my  assistant  to  him.       "  What  is    | 
the  matter  with  you  ?  "    "  A  ghem  teeah." 
Dr  Barnes. 

Ghem,  ga  way  tull't,  c. — Game, 
go  to  it ;  a  hunting  phrase,  used 
proverbially  to  signify  any  attrac- 
tive fun  or  quarrelling. 
There  was  a  fine  see  howe — an'  ghem  ga 
way  tull't.  Gibson,    p.  178. 

Ghyll,  g.  (gil).  Gill.— A  ravine  ; 
in  combination  with  a  proper  name 
denotes  a  boundary  or  mark  of 
division  ;  thus  OuiIigill,  HawloiLL, 
RampsGiLL,  StarGiLL. 
We  com  till  a  farm  hoose,  'at  stud  at  t' 
heed  ov  t'  gill.  Betty  Wilson,  p.109,  line  12. 


Gibby :  see  Kebby. 


Giblet-pie,  g. — It  was  customary  to 
eat  on  Christmas  Day  a  giblet- 
pie  to  which  were  added  black 
puddings  made  of  goose's  or 
pig's  blood  mixed  with  unrendered 
lard  finely  shredded,  shelled  oats 
(groats),  and  seasoned  with  Corn- 
mint,   w.h.     See  Hackin. 

Gidder :  see  Gedder. 

Gif,  c,  N.,  sw.  (gif).  Gin,  n.  (gin) 
—If. 

"  Gin  ye'll  gan  I'll  gan." 

He'll  git  clashed  oop  wi'  twa  sermons  gif 

they  coom  ower  nigh  til  ane  anither. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  14,  line  7. 

Gift  again  :  see  Luck-penny. 

Gifts,  g.  —  White  specks  on  the 
finger-nails,  reputed  to  indicate 
certain  events  in  life. 

Gigget :   see  Yan. 

Gilder,  g.  (gilddh.itr') — A  num- 
ber of  horse-hair  snares  attached 
to  cross-strings  run  across  a  hoop 
or  bent  stick. 

He  formed  in  yah  end  a  snirrup  sec  as  us 
lads  used  to  mak  in  t'  horse  hair  for  gil- 
derts  to  catch  sparrows  wid. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  April  20.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Nor  ventur'd  yen  an  a — e wards  luik 
For  fear  he'd  in  the  gilders  fa'. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  7. 

Gill- go-by-round  —  Ground  Ivy — 
Nepeta.glechoma.     Nicolson. 

Gilt,  c,  e.,  w.  (gilt).  Oppengilt, 
sw.  Gelt,  nw. — A  young  sow 
intended  for  breeding  purposes. 
See  Gelt. 

Two  Gilts  due  in  a  fortnight. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Mar.  11.    p.  1,  col.  3. 

Gimmer,   g.  (gim.U'E') — A    female 

sheep  not  exceeding  two  years  old. 

They  found  a  lamb  and  a  gimmer  shearling. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

Gimmer  cloot,  c,  sw.  (gim.U'R' 
kloot) — Cloth  sewed  on  the  ewe 
to  prevent  procreation. 


138 


Ginell,  c.,sw.(gin.U'l)— An  opening 
or  crack  in  the  rock — a  quarrying 
term. 

Hunds  ran'd  fox  into  a  ginell  i'  t'  crag. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  25.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

Ginger,  g.  (jinj.u'R').     Gingerly. 
— Softly,  cautiously. 
Then  furth  to  th'  deer  oal  Brammery  went, 
Right  goddartly  an'  ginger. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  35. 

Gin  keas,  g.  (jin.kiaas) —  The 
building  which  shelters  the  horse 
whilst  working  the  machinery 
which  drives  the  chaff-cutter,  etc. 

Ginners,  g.  (gin.U'R'z) — The  gills  of 
a  fish. 

Gird,  c,  sw.  (guord).  Gurd,  c,  e., 
n.,  nw.  (gur'd)— A  fit,  as  a  gird  of 
passion  or  laughter.  The  wooden 
hoops  with  which  pails  and  tubs 
are  bound.     A  child's  hoop. 

Girdle,  a,  n.,  sw.  (guord.U'l). 
Gurdle,  a,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (gur'd.u'l) 
— A  circular  iron  plate  with  a  bow- 
handle,  on  which  cakes,  etc.  are 
baked. 

Aunt  Ester  spoilt  the  gurdle  cakes. 

Anderson — Wort.  Wed.    Stz.  5. 

Girn,  c,  sw.  (guorn).  Gum,  c, 
Ns.,  E.  (guR'n)— A  (1)  grin;  a  (2) 
growl  or  grumble. 
"  I  can  sowe  yit,"  says  she  wid  a  (1)  girn. 
Gibson— Bobby  Banks,  p.  16,  line  12. 
If  theer  hed  bin  as  much  as  a  (2)  gurn, 
we  knew  we  war  in  fer  five  minutes  ov  a 
rough  hoose.  W.C.T.H.  1894.  p.  12, col.  2. 
—  (1)  To  grin;  (2)  to  growl  or 
grumble,  look  angry. 
He  (1)  gurned  oa't  feace  ower  when  I 
went  in. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  4,  line  14. 
She  (1)  girningly  whispered. 

E.  C.  News.  1894,  Mar.  10.   p.  8,  col.  1. 
Twea  (2)  gurnin  gibies  in  a  nuik 
Sat  fratchin'  yen  anudder. 

Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  38, 
Nagglin'  an'  (2)  gurnin'  fra  mworn  till 
neet.  W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  11,  col.  1. 


Girnel,NW.  Obs.— The  store-house  in 
which  the  salt  was  kept,  in  the 
days  when  salt  making  was  a 
prosperous  industry  on  the  shores 
of  the  Solway.  Solway.   p.  45. 

Girse,  c,  sw.  (guor's).  Gurse,  c, 
Ns.,  e.  (gur's)— Grass. 

Or  shworn  my  rigg,  or  thick  gurse  mown. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  29,  line  7. 

Wid  t'  Booin-leys  liggin  i'  girse. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  25,  line  2. 

— To  put  cattle  out  to  graze. 
We  mun  girse  their  nukkelt  coo. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  176,  line  5. 

Girse-cock :   see  Peut-cock. 

Girse-hopper  Lark :  see  Sidder 
grinder. 

Girsin',  c.  (guor'S.in).  Gursin,  n., 
e.  (gur'S.in) — Pasturage,  grassing. 
Far  is  the  Gursin  off,  top-ful  the  kits. 

Ralph — Hay-time.      Stz.  7. 

The  grassings  are  seen  to  be  improving 
almost  day  by  day. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  May  10.    p.  4,  col.  2. 

While  girsins  is  bare  efter  lambs  and  their 
yowes, 
Milk  kye  hes  n't  mickle  to  eat. 

CUMBRIANA.     p.  245,  line  4. 

Girse  nail,  g.  (nael).  Sye  nail, 
c,  B.,  sw.  (saei)  —  Grass  nail  or 
short  bar  of  iron  fastens  the  scythe 
blade  to  the  handle,  and  tends  to 
relieve  the  strain  on  the  head. 
"  Ah'll  hap  his  gurse-nail  for  him! "  was 
once  a  common  boast..      W.H. 

The  signification  of  the  above  boast  im- 
plies a  threat  that  the  speaker  would 
oblige  the  other  man  to  move  his  scythe 
more  quickly  if  he  would  escape  the  re- 
proach of  having  his  gurse-nail  covered 
by  the  sway  the  of  the  next  man,  i.e.  the 
the  speaker  himself. 

Ah  wad  ha  that  chap  teh  mind  his  gurse 
nail  if  he  means  to  square  oot  mickle 
mair  eh  that  fashin.      Scoap.    p.'8l,Mnet. 


139 


Girt :   see  Greet  in  Preface. 

Girt  bees,  c,  nw.  (guort  beez) — 
Drone  bees. 

Girt  cock,  g. — A  heap  or  cock  of 
hay  formed  by  putting  two  or  more 
Feut  cocks  together. 

He  hed  ya  field  i'  girt  cock,  ...  'at  they 
duddent  brek. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  156,  line  7. 

Girt  end,  g.     Main  feck,  N. — The 

major  portion.     See  Feck. 

Theer  wad  be  t'  girt  end  eh  twenty  fellas 

sleepan  eh  t'  seeam  room. 

Scoap.    p.  46,  line  15. 

Girtest   at   ivver   owt,   G.  —  The 

greatest   that   ever  was;   highly 

excited. 

When  they  telt  t'  auld  chap  what  he  was 

to  hev,  he  was  t'  girtest  as  ivver  owt 

was.  Richardson,  2nd.    p  74,  line  7. 

Girt  goods,  a,  nw. — The  larger  do- 
mestic animals ;  cattle  and  horses. 

Giss  !  (gis).     Gissy  !  g.  (gis.i)  — 
Call  notes  for  swine ;  also  applied 
to  the  swine  itself. 
Thooll  chowk  t'  poor  thing.    Poor  gissy! 
poor  thing! — Poor  giss!  giss! 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  2,  col.  4. 

Giss  nor  sty,  g. — When  a  person 
does  not  speak  nor  answer,  people 
say  "He  nowder  says  giss  nor  sty." 
Ye  shoot  giss  when  ye  want  t'  swine  to 
come,  an'  stye  when  ye  want  it  ta  gang. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan  25. 

Git,  g.  (git) — Offspring. 

"  They're  o'  his  oan  git." 
— To  get ;  to  attain  to  ;  to  procure 

to  be  in  some  state ;  to  be  scolded 

or  beaten. 

"Thoo'll  git  it" — you  will  be  punished. 

"  Gaang  awa  heam  an  git  it  deun." 

He  gits  doon  aboot  Cockermuth  an'  Wur- 

kiton,  noos  an'  thans. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  6,  line  4. 

For  aw  that  they  cuddent  git  through 

when  they'd  deun. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  21,  line  2. 


Git  oot,  g. — An  expression  used  to 
imply  sudden,  rough  and  forcible 
dismissal. 

An'  Cumberland  talk,  'at's  as  rough  as 
git  oot,  hes  sense. 

Richardson,  1st.    V.    line  7. 

Wi'  sek  cleaz,  an  sek  feasses,  it  was  a  fair 

sheamm  ; 
An'  than  they  meadd  t'  blankets  far  warse 

nor  git  oot.      Cumbriana.    p.  12,  line  4. 

Git  oot  as  impertinent  as  possible.    W.H. 

Git  ower,  g. — To  get  the  better  in 
a  bargain  or  argument. 
He  thinks  he's  summet  when  he  says, — 
"  Git  ower  me  'at  can  !  " 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  26,  stz.  2. 

Gitter,  g.  (gitth.U'R')— One  who 
begets ;  applied  to  the  male. 
It's  Strang  bean'd,  weel  action'd,  a  famish 
fwoal-GiTTER.   Rayson — Lady  Fair.  Stz.  4. 

Give  mooth,  g.  (giv  moottth)— To 
speak  out ;  to  give  tongue — a  hunt- 
ing phrase. 

Give  ower,  g.  (giv  auwr') — To 
leave  off,  to  cease. 

"  Is 't  gaan  to  give  ower  sno'an  think  ye  ?  " 

He  screap't  off  his  beurd — he  gev  ow'r 
wid  his  squeel. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  13. 

Gizzern,  c,  sw.  (giz.u'R'U'n).  Giz- 
zert,  e.  (giz.U'R't).  Gizzin,  N., 
nw.  (giz.in) — The  throat;  (sw.) 
the  stomach. 

Now  loundrin'  shives  o'  cheese  an'  .breed 
Are  down  their  gizzrin's  whang'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 

Fadder  wurds  stack  eh  me  gizzart. 

Scoap.    p.  16,  line  22. 

It's  a  coald  day,  an'  a  glass'll  warm  up 
yer  gizzern  an'  kill  t'  flukes  aboot  yer. 

Jos.  P. 

— e.,ne. — To  choke  ("rare."  w.a.r.). 

Ah  war  varra  nar  gizzun'd  wi'  lime  stoor. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  28. 


140 


Glad,  c,  ec,  sw;  (glaad).  Gleg,  c, 
e.,n.,nw.(gleg).  Q-leb,SW.(GLEB) 
— Pleasant,  agreeable,  sharp,  quick; 
working  smoothly. 
"  He's  gleg  at  that  job." 
Gleg  as  they  may  be  to  have  a  raon  at 
their  apron-strings. 

Love  oe  a  Lass.  II.  p.  2,  line  9. 
It  was  a  glad  day  when  his  wife  bundled 
him  off  to  Carel.       Fireside.    1896.    p.  58. 

Glaum    (glaum)  — To    grasp,    to 
snatch.     (Obsolesc.) 
A  darky  glaum'd  her  by  the  hips, 

The  sodger  band  (bang'd)  leyke  thunder. 
Stagg— Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  35. 

Glaupy :   see  Staupy. 

Glazener,  g.  (glae.zu'NU'R').  Glas- 
ser,  sw.  (glaas.U'R') — Glazier. 

Bit  sent  fer  t'  glazener  at  yance  an  hed 

them  (window  panes)  oa  puttn  in  ageaan. 

Scoap.    p.  151,  line  24. 

Glaz't,  G.  (glaezt) — Varnished  with 
dirt. 

Glead,  c,  sw.,  n.  (gliaad  ;  glied). 
Jacky  slope,  c,  sw.  (jaak.i 
slauwp.)  Blue  hawk,  c— Glead 
is  applied  to  the  Hen  Harrier — 
Circus  cyaneus,  the   female   being 

Ring  Tail  ;  also  together  With  Jacky 
Slope,  to  the  Kite  Milvus  iotimts, 
now  a  rare  bird ;  and  in  addition 
to  Puttock  and  Shreak  (h.m.)  to  the 
Buzzard — Buteo  vulgaris,  fast  be- 
coming extinct.  See  Blue  Hawk. 
Her  skin's  freckl'd  aw  leyke  a  gleid. 

Anderson — Fellows  roun  Torkin.  Stz.  6. 
This  bird  (Hen  Harrier)  is  commonly 
known  as  the  blue  hawk. 

Reminiscences,  p.  11. 
The  Borrowdale  vernacular,  which  calls 
a  heron  "  Joan  na  ma  crank,"  and  a  glead 
or  kite  Jackey  Slope. 

Lake  Country,    p.  66,  line  1. 

The  male  Harrier  was  also  secured  .  .  . 
He  last  night  brought  me  the  Cock  Bird 
of  the  Ring  Tail.      Fauna,   p.  182,  line  17. 

The  Kite  was  known  in  Cumberland  as 
the  glead.  Fauna,    p.  203,  line  13. 


Glee,  g.  (glee).     Sken,  c,  sw. 

;        (sken) — A  sideways  look,  asquint. 

Furst  he  wad  pop  intil  yah  dooar,  leuke 

j         oot,  tak  a  sken  up  t'  street,  an'  than  doon. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  7,  col.  2. 

— To  squint. 

Theer  was  glee' an  Jenn  an'  Jenny  Reed. 
Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  16. 

Gleed,  g.  not  sw.  (gleed) — Cross- 
eyed ;  having  a  squint. 
Besides  he's  gleed,  and  swavels  as  he 
gangs.  Graham — Gwordy.    line  96. 

Gleg  :   see  Glad. 

Glender,  g.  (glen.ddhur') — To 
gaze  about  in  a  half-dazed  con- 
dition. 

Ah  war  glenderin  aboot  at  dark,  an'  ah 
could  see  nowt  wi'  comen  oot  frae  t'  leet 
o'  t'  lamp.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Jan.  18. 

Glent,  c,  nw.,  n.,  e.  (glent).   Glint, 
c,  sw.,  EC.  (glint)— A  gleam,  glance, 
twinkle,  glimpse. 
Wid  a  lilt  iv  her  step  an'  a  glent  iv  her 
e'e.  Gibson — Lai  Dinah,    line  2. 

T'  varra  furst  glent  at  Jothan  teuck  at  oa 
t'  yalla  stuff.  Scoap.    p.  4,  line  23. 

— To  glance,  look  aside  ;  sparkle. 
He  GLENTiT  up  at  me  throo  his  specks. 

Gibson— T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  3. 

His  eyes  glented  fire. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  30,  line  6. 
Oh,  his  eyes  are  black  as  sleas 

An'  they  glint  wid  luive  an'  trooth. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.     p.  3,  col.  2. 

Gliff,  g.  (glif).     Whiff,  c.  (wif)— 
A   transient   view;    a  peep  at  a 
moving  object. 
"  I  just  gat  a  gliff  on  't." 
When  t'  black-kite  blossom  shews  itsel' 
i'  hafe-seen  gliffs  o'  grey. 

Gibson — Billy  Watson,    p.  39,  line  3. 

Glime,c.,E.,sw.(GLAAiM).  Gleyme, 
n.,nw.  (glaeim) — A  sideways  look, 
a  sly  glance. 

Leuk,  I  tell  the',  glimes  won't  dee  ! 

Gibson — Sannter.  line  18. 
Efter  anudder  glime  oot  eh  t'  side  of  her 
een.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  7. 


141 


— To  look  sideways ;  to  ogle. 
"Glyman'  out  at'  end  of  his  e'." 
T'  oald  thief  .  .  .   keep't  twiddlin'  his 
thooms  an'  glimin'  up  at  me. 

Gibson — T'  Reetu  on  't.    p.  11,  line  1. 
An  ay  he  owr  his  shouder  gleymt. 

Anderson — Feckless  Wully.    Stz.  5. 

Glint :  see  Glent. 

Glisk,  g.  not  e.  (glisk)— A  transient 
light;  a  "  watery"  gleam;  a  faint 
view ;  sparkling  brilliancy. 
Theer  nivver  was  a  rainboo  'at  ivver  hed 
a  finer  glisk  nor  oor  laal  kingfisher. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  2.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

Glisky,   G.  —  Gleaming,   glittering, 
sparkling. 

"  It'll  rain  afoor  neet,  it's  seah  glisky  this 
mwornin'." 

An'  fat  aunt  Ruth,  ya  glisky  mworn, 
Com  hotteran  round. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  177. 

Glooming,  G.  (gloo.mltn)— Twilight. 
When  glooming  black'd  the  bent. 

Minstrel — Apparition.    Stz.  11. 

Glop,  g.  (glaup)— To  stare   with 
open  mouth ;  to    look   wildly  or 
surprised. 
Gwordie  glop't  an'  glower't  aboot. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  88,  line  7. 

The  lads  gaapt  wide  ;  the  lasses  glopp't 
about.  Clark — Seymon.    line  25. 

Gloppen,  g.  (glaup.U'n)— To  fright- 
en ;  to  astonish ;  startle. 
They  wer'  nea  use — nea,  nin  at  o".    They 
wer'  fairly  gloppen'd. 

T'  Invasion,    p.  6,  line  5. 

Glore,  g.  not  e.  (glwaur')— Filth  of 
any  kind  in  a  wet  state. 
Leam'd  hips,  an'  cleas  cover'd  wi  glwore. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Weddin.    Stz.  21. 

Others  wi'  bluid  an'  glore  a'  clamm'd. 

Stagg: — Bridewain.    Stz.  48. 


Glower,  c,  sw,  e.  (glauw.U'R*; 

GLWAUR').        GlOOr,    C,    NW,   N. 

(gloou'R')— A  fixed  or  staring  look. 

She  hed'nt  sa  much  as  leuk't  at  him  efter 
t'  ya  hard  glowre. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  8,  line  10. 

Just  tak  anudder  glooar  at  em. 

Scoap.     p.  6,  line  9. 

— To  stare  intently  in  amazement,  or 
angrily. 

He  glower't  at  the  mune  till  he  fell  i' 
the  midden.  Gibson,    p.  178. 

I've  hard  aw  aboot  the';  aye,  weel  thoo 
may  glower.   Richardson,  1st.  p.  68,  line  5. 

Glowt :  see  Loot. 

Glum,  G.  (gloom)— Gloom,  frown. 

Nivver  use  the  taws  when  a  gloom  will 

do  the  turn.      Saying. 

Raff  soon  reply'd  and  licktd  his  thumb, 

To  gorble't  up  without  a  gloom. 

Daft  Bargain,   line  9. 

— Gloomy,  sulky,  sullen. 

What  had  he  been  a  doing  of  to  mak' 
hissel'  sae  dour  an'  glum? 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  203,  line  3. 

— To  frown. 

Neist  teyme  we  met,  he  glumpt  an  gloomt, 
An  turnt  his  head  anudder  way. 
Anderson — Lass  Abuin  Thirty.    Stz.  2. 

Glump,  g.  not  sw.  (gluomp)— Sulki- 
ness  ;  "in  the  ©lumps  "  —  to  be 
sulky. 

Miss  Waylad  was  i'  the  glumps  because 
her  cousin  hed  given  her  the  "go  by." 

Rosenthal,    p.  249,  line  7. 

— To  look  surly ;  to  sulk.  Also 
Glumpen. 

Yowls  when  it  wants  owte,  an'  glumps 
when  it  gits  it.   Gibson — Clean  Ned.  Stz.  2. 

T'  girt  glowt  glumpt  and  wreaat,  bit  sed 
laal  efter  that.  Scoap.    p.  214,  line  1. 

Glumpy,  g.  (gluomp.i).  Glumpish. 

—Sulky. 

Noo,  Lantie  was  glumpy,  an  wadden't 
submit.  Richardson,  2nd.  p.  90,  line  1. 
He  was  varra  glumpish  an  dudn't  leuck 
at  ennybody.  Scoap.    p.  £0,  line  If. 


142 


Glunch  (gluonch)— To  look  angry. 
Obs. 

Bowtheeker'  weyfe  began  to  glunch  ; 
Says  Theeker,  "  Aw  defy  tha:" 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  21. 

Glut,  g.  (gluot) — The  act  of  swal- 
lowing, a  rapid  gulp. 

Popped  it  intill  his  mooth,  gev  two  hacks 
an'  a  glut,  an'  ower  it  went. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

The  priest  was  ready  waitin', 
The  wed'ners  just  took  gluts  apiece 
Wheyle  he  his  buik  was  laitin'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  17. 

— To  swallow  greedily,  hurriedly. 
Ah  used  to  glut  up  t'  contents  o'  that  buik. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  30.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Goaf — The  space  remaining  in  a  pit 
after  the  removal  of  the  coal. 

Gob,  g.  (gaub).    Mooth.  (moouth). 
Mun,  c,  N.,  sw.  (mun)— Mouth. 
When  t'  wind's  i'  t'  sooth, 
There'll  be  muck  up  teh  t'  mooth. 

Saying. 
She  hedn't  oppen't  her  mooth  sen  ladder 
co'  heara.       Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.   p.  8. 

He's  got  a  gob  frae  lug  to  lug. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  2. 

Gob,  c,  e.  (gaub).     Gab,  n.,  sw. 
(gaab) — Idle  talk. 

Hod    thee   gob,   min,   and  than    whoke 
willn't  knoa  thuh's  sec  a  feull. 

SCOAP.  p.  197,  line  17. 
A  flashey  sort  a'  fella  .  .  .  wi'  a  tarrible 
gift  o'  the  gab. 

Joe  the  Buits.    p.  19,  line  19. 

Gone  back,  g.  (gaun  baak)— De- 
clined in  health  or  substance. 

Gobber    nowl,    sw.   (gaub.U'R' 
nauwl) — A  foolish  person. 

Rev  J.  Steele,  Beckermet. 

Gobbly  :  see  Tommy  Loach. 

Go  bon!  g.  (gau  buon)— An   ex- 
clamation. 

Go  bon!  Brandy  'ill  fling  thee  oot  o'  t' 
ring.  Wrestling,    p.  49,  line  4. 


Gobstick,  G.  not  NW.  (gaub-stik)— 
A  wooden  spoon. 

Goby :  see  Gaby. 

Gocks,  by,  G.  (baai  gauks) — An 
exclamation  of  surprise. 
By  Gocks,  Joe,  does  thoo  say  that  ? 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Oct.  6.    p.  8,  col.  4. 

"By  gockers,  lads!"  Jwohn  Suntan  said. 
Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  9. 


Goddartly 

Cautiously. 


(GAUDDH.U'R'TLl) 

Obs. 


Than  furth  to  th'  deer  oal  Brammery  went, 
Reet  goddartly  an'  ginger. 

Lonsdl>  e —  U  pshot.    Stz.  35. 

Goddy,  c,  sw.,  n.  (gaud.i)  — A 
sponsor. 

Oal  Peat'  wife  laikt  wa  Nan-Rob-Jack, 
Because  she  was  his  goddy. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  20. 

God's  horse,  c,  nc  — The  Sun 
beetle ;  any  bronze  beetle  of  the 
genera  Amara  obsoleta,  Anohomenus 
and  Loricera  (f.d.).  This  beetle, 
like  Rainy  Clock,  is  supposed  to 
cause  terrible  storms  if  it  be  killed. 

God-speed,  g.  (gaud  speed)  — A 
small  partition  or  screen  placed 
within  the  house  or  outer-door  of 
a  cottage,  sometimes  on  one  side 
of  the  passage-way  only,  at  other 
times  on  both  sides.  Its  object 
was  to  break  the  draught,  and  to 
keep  passers-by  from  seeing  too 
much  into  the  house.  It  has  pro- 
bably been  so  called  from  the  de- 
parting guests  being  wished  "G-od 
speed  "  beside  it. 

Betty  com'  limpin'  by  t'  God-speed. 

Bobby  Banks,    p.  22,  line  8. 

Goe  :   see  Keld. 

Goff,  g.  (gauf).  Guff,  C,  N.,  sw. 
(guof,  guf) — A  silly  person.  See 
Gawvison. 

"Thoo  greet  goff,"  varied  to  "greet  gowk." 

J.B. 


143 


Mey  mudder  caws  me  peer  deyl'd  guff. 
Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  4. 

Thay'r  a  rum  lot,  and  that  goff  ov  a 
pleesman  es  as  bad  as  t'  rest. 

Christian— Sailor  Lad,    p.  5.  line  13. 

— To  scorn,  scoff. 

A'  you  'at  smudge  at  merry  teales, 

Or  at  devarshon  sheyle, 
Or  goff  and  gum  at  tuolliments. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  1. 

Groggy,  c,  sw.  (gaug.i)— A  child's 
name  for  egg. 

Gokert.     Obs. — Awkward. 
Sud  iver  gar  a  spankin'  lass  like  me 
Into  sec  maffiin',  gokert  arms  comply? 
Gilpin — Poetry.    Wilkinson's  Death  of 
Eoger.    p.  205,  line  2. 

Gok  sonn  !  (gauksaun) — An  ex- 
clamation of  surprise. 
Gok  sonn,  thoo  gert  mayzlin  thoo. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  8,  col.  4. 

Goller,  c,  N.,  e.,  nw.  (gaul.U'r)— 
A  shout,  yell.  See  under  Yool. 
Should  the  youth,  at  this  age  (12)  receive 
scholastic  and  not  paternal  correction,  he 
is  said  to  be  "  ointit,"  and  he  relieves  his 
feelings  under  this  form  of  chastisement 
by  "  gowls  an'  greet  gollers." 

W.C.T.H.    1894.  '  p.  12,  col.  4. 

—To  shout,  to  bark  or  rate  loudly. 
What's  ta  doin,  gollerin  at  t'  laal  bairns 
i'  that  mak  ?      J.  Ar. 

Gollin,  c,  sw.  (gaul.in).  Lockin 
gowan,  ce.,  nw.  (lauk.in  gauwn). 
Lockerty,  g.  Nockelty,  G.,  c. 
Doctor  Bottles  (Keswick) — Globe 
flower — Trolllus  eurojx'iis. 
"  What  ails  ta  ?    Thoo's  as   yalla  as  a 

GOLLIN." 

Golden  marigolds  and  lucken  gowans  set 
in  the  midst  of  its  troubled  waters. 

Lake  Country,    p.  27,  line  8. 

Lockety  gowans  .  .  .  as  the  bairns  in  the 
north  called  the  marigolds. 

Rawnsley.    p.  31,  line  3. 


Gommarel,  g.  (gaum.U'R'U'l) — An 
awkward,  silly  person.  (c.)  A 
three-legged  milking  stool  (Obs. 

J.B.). 

Thoo  is  a  gert  gommeral,  to  be  sure. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.     p.  7,  col.  1. 

Gone  by  his  sel,  c,  nw. — Become 
mentally  deranged. 

Good,  c,  sw.  (guod)— To  congratu- 
late ;  (b.)  to  indulge ;  take  the  good 
of,  or  make  the  most  of. 
"  He  may  good  hissel  on  't,  for  he'll  git 
nae  mair." 

"  Gie  me  anudder  kiss."  "  Nay,  thou  mun 
gud  thysel'  wid  what  thou's  gitten." 

Gibson,    p.  180. 

Good  an',  g.  (guod  u'n)— "He  set 
to  wark  like  a  good  an"  —  with 
spirit,  energetically. 

Good-few,  G.  (fioo) — Very  many, 
numerous. 

There  was  "  a  good  few  turnips  "  among 
them,  but  it  was  a  very  bad  crop  alto- 
gether. By  a  "good  few"  you  mean  a 
"  good  many  ?  "    Yes. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  May  13.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

Goodish,  g.  (guod.ish)— Goodly. 

"  A  goodish  swort  of  a  fellow." 

Goodlike,  g.  (laaik) — Good  look- 
ing ;  handsome. 
A  strappin',  good  like  chap  I  was. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  65,  line  5. 

Goodman,  g.  (maan) — Husband  or 
master  of  the  house. 
An'  Billy  Bowe,  her  oan  gudeman, 
Was  weel  known  for  a  rough  'un. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.     p.  6,  col.  2. 

Goods,  g. — Property.  In  c.  goods 
are  household  furniture,  "  goods  and 
chattels  "  ;  in  High  Furness,  goods 
are  the  sheep  and  cattle  belonging 
to  a  farm.  Ellwood.  See  Girt 
goods. 


144 


Good  to  nought,  g.  (tit  nauwt). 
Good  to  ought  —  Good  for 
nothing ;  good  for  anything. 

'  A  man  will  spend 

And  God  will  send, 
If  his  wife  be  good  to  ought  ! 

But  man  may  spare 

And  still  be  bare, 
If  his  wife  be  good  to  nought.' 

Cumb.  Rhyme. 

Gope,  c,  sw.,  e.  (gaup)— To  talk 
vulgarly  and  loud.  To  snatch  or 
grasp  (Obs.). 

"  A  girt  gopan  geus  !  thou's  hev  nin  on 
him." 

Syne  til  't  he  fell,  and  seem'd  right  yap, 
His  mealtith  quickly  up  to  gawp. 

Daft  Bargain,    line  11. 

Gorble  (gau.R'BU'l) — To  eat  or 
gobble.     Obs. 

Raff  soon  reply'd,  and  licktd  his  thumb, 
To  gorble  't  up  without  a  gloom  ; 

Daft  Bargain,    line  9. 

Gorcock,   Obs.     Muircock,   ne. 
(miur'-kauk) — The  Red  Grouse — 
Tetrad  Sooticus. 
Gorcocks  beck  around  Aid  Crag. 

Armstrong — Wanny  Blossoms.    1876. 
p.  4,  line  6. 

Amang  muibcocks    an'   plovers   an'   red 
heatherbells.  Ditto,    p.  2,  line  2. 

Gorlin  :   see  Bare  gorp. 

Gormow,  g.  (gau.R'Mauw)  —  A 
clownish  fellow ;  sometimes  applied 
to  a  great  eater;  a  selfish  person. 
"  One  that  talks  bigoted-like,  and 
is  inclined  to  be  quarrelsome  if 
folks  differ  from  him  "  (J.  Ab.). 

Gorp  :  see  Bare  gorp. 

Gorrish,  sw.  (gaur'.ish) — Gross  ; 
over  luxuriant. 

Goway,  c.  (gaawae.)— Go.  The 
industrious  farmer  says  "Come 
goway  to  yer  wark  wid  me  lads." 


The  indifferent  farmer  says  "  Howay 
to  yer  wark  lads,"  and  leaves  them 
to  themselves.     See  Gang. 
Come,  goway  down  t'  hill. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  221,  line  6. 

Gowan :   see  Gollin. 

G-owe  :  see  Ga. 

Go  with,  g.  (gaa  wid)— To  steal, 
take  away. 

I  haven't  gone  with  anything  belonging 
him.       C.  Patr.   1893,  Dec.  15.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

The  sea  is  slowly  gaining  ground,  and  will 
in  time  go  with  the  road. 

W.C.T.   1899,  Feb.  18.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Gowk,  g.  (gauwk) — The  cuckoo — 

—  C'uculus  canonic. 

Ye  breed  o'  the  gowk,  ye've  nae  rhyme 

but  ane.      Proverb. 

To  hear  the  cuckoo  or  t'  gowk,  as  it  is 

called,  for  the  first  time  during  the  spring, 

with  an  empty  pocket  was  a  bad  augury. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  13,  col.  2. 

Gowk,  g.  Gowky  (gauw.ki) — A 
staring  idiotical  person,  a  fool ;  an 
ungainly  man. 

T'  pooar  lal  gowk  hesn't  gumption  aneuf. 
Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  7. 

A  cloonish  gowk  was  I ! 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  113. 

— To  stare  about  in  a  dazed  loutish 
manner. 

Gowk,  c,  sw.  Cowk,  c,  nw,  e. 
(kauwk) — The  core  of  an  apple ; 
any  hard  centre. 

"it's  badly  burnt  lime — it's  nought  bit 

COWKS." 

When   thoos   eaten   th'  apple  gi'  me  t' 
gowk.  W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  3. 

Gowky,  g. — Awkward,  ungainly. 

Gowl,  g.  (gatjwl)  —  The  cry  of 
a  human  being.  See  Goller, 
Skreek  and  Tool. 

Gowl  signifies    more   properly   a   noisy 
lamentation — "  greet "  a  quiet  cry. 

Ferguson,    p.  179. 


145 


Comes  in  an'  set  up  a  fearful  gowl  o' 
lamentation.     W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  9,  col.  3. 

He  is  said  to  be  ointit  and  he  relieves 
his  feelings  ...  by  "  gowls  an'  greet 
gollers."  W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  4. 

— To  howl,  weep. 

"Hod  thy  noise,  thoo  bellerin'  coaf" — 
says  t'  fadder,  as  he  got  oot  o'  patience  at 
Whiffs  gowlin. 

Gibson— Wise  Whiff,    p.  25,  line  U. 

I  gowlt  tull  my  een  wer  sair. 

Anderson— Carel  Fair.    p.  47,  line  3. 

Gowpins,  G.  (gauw.pinz) — A  hand- 
ful ;  the  two  hands  full. 
God  bliss  him !  hed  he  gowd  i'  gowpens, 

I  waddent  hev  taen  sec  a  clown ! 
Anderson — Bundles  ov  Oddities.    Stz.  6. 

Ah  thrast  me  neef  eh  me  brutches  pocket, 
an'  browt  oot  a  GowPENfull  o'  soverans. 
Scoap.    p.  14,  line  14. 

Gowry,   c,  nw.  (gaui.ri)  —  Dull, 
stupid;  gloomy,  frightful. 
A  varra  girt  GOWERY-leuckan  spot  it  was. 
Scoap.    p.  43,  line  18. 

Gowze,  c,  sw.  (gauwz) — A  rush 
or  gush  of  fluid. 

— To  burst  out  suddenly. 
"  Watter  com'  gowzan'  out." 

Goy,  g.  (gaui).  Goy  sonn  (gatji 
saun) — Same  as  Gock  (God,  and 
G-od's  Son). 

Goyster,  g.  (gaui.stthu'R').  Roy- 
ster,  c.  (r'aui.stthu'R')— To  bully ; 
to  laugh  loudly ;  to  be  turbulent. 

"  He's  a  girt  goysteran  feul." 

Yeh'll  oalas  finnd  at  its  thur  girt  roy- 
steran  fellas  at's  t'  biggest  cooarts. 

Scoap.    p.  21,  line  8. 

"  One  horse  among  two,"  they  said,  with  a 
great  goasteren  laugh. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  196,  line  16. 

Grab,  G.  (gr'Xab) — To  snatch  at ; 
to  lay  hold  of  quickly,  to  grasp. 

Graft,  b.,  e.,  n.,  sw.  (graaft)— A 
grave. 

K 


Graidly,  c.,sw.  (grae.dli)— Proper, 
good.     (Rare). 

I  have  overheard  myself,  in  contravention 
of  the  proverb,  spoken  of  as  a  "  varra 
gradely  man  "  in  the  lake  district. 

Gibson,    p.  179. 
When  just  a  bit  fra  t'  toon  I  gat, 
I  met  a  young  an'  gradely  pair. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  63,  line  4. 

Grains,   g.  (gr' aenz)  —  Prongs ; 

branches  of  a  tree ;  (nc.)  barked 
branches  of  felled  oak  (J.  Ar.).  See 
Beck  grains,  Coke. 

Pointing  the  grains  of  the  fork  in  the 
direction  of  the  coming  attack. 

Cumbriana.    p.  33,  line  1. 

G  r  a  i  n '  t ,  g.  (gr aent)  —  Forked, 
divided. 

He  kept  proddin'  down  intul  t'  mud  wi'  a 
grain't  stick,  an'  bringin'  up  a  fieeak. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  39,  line  6. 

Graith,  c.,n.,e.(gr'AETh).  Greath, 
sw.  (griaeth)  —  Wealth;  horse- 
gear. 

Our  kye,  our  owsen,  off  they  druive  ; 
Our  gear,  our  graith,  our  naigs  our 
sweyne. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.   Stz.  4. 

— To  dress,  accoutre. 

Oft  graith'd  in  aw  their  kurk-gaun  gear. 
Anderson — Thuirsby  Witch.    Stz.  4. 

Grally :  see  Scrowe. 

Grandy-step,  g.  (gr'aand.i  step) 
— A  term  in  wrestling ;  the  action 
consists  in  getting  one  of  the  legs 
behind  both  of  those  of  the  oppo- 
nent. 

Grane  :  see  Preface ;  under  Grean. 

Grank,  g.  (gr'Iank) — To  complain, 
grumble. 

Grippin'  hard  by  his  oan,  an'  still  grankin' 
for  mair.     Gibson — NedO'Kes'ick.  Stz.  7. 

A  cud  heer  it  stanken',  an'  granken',  an' 
blooen'. 

Christian— Mason's  Ghost,    p.  9,  line  1. 

Granky  :  see  Cranky. 
Grape  :   see  Preface. 


146 


Grapple,  g.  (graap.U'l) — To  catch 
fish  by  hand  in  a  brook ;  to  "tickle 
for  trout." 

He  saw  the  accused  grappling  for  grey 
trout,  and  that  he  took  eight  fish  from 
them.        C.Patr.   1893,  May  26.   p.  3,  col.  5. 

It  was  the  practice  of  the  miners  to  go 
by  the  river  for  the  purpose  of  "kittling" 
or  grappling  fish. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  June  14.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Grass,  g. — To  bring  to  the  ground  ; 
to  throw  down. 

T.  L  .  .  .  ,  whose  opponent  tried  to  twist 
him,  but  was  grassed  by  the  right  leg 
hipe.        C.Patr.   1893, June 30.   p. 3, col. 4. 

Grass  bunting,  Alston — Corn  bunt- 
ing— Embcriza  miliaria.   Fauna,  p.546. 

Grassom,  g.  (gr'as.U'm) — Properly 
means  a  "  General "  Fine,  that  is 
the  fine  paid  by  all  the  tenants  of 
a  Manor  on  the  death  of  the  Lord  ; 
the  word  "  General  "  is  to  distin- 
guish a  Grassom  from  a  dropping 
fine,  which  is  the  fine  payable  on 
the  death  or  alienation  of  the 
Tenant.  It  is  sometimes  used  to 
signify  a  Manorial  Rent.     s.  g.  Saul. 

Payment  of  the  yearly  customary  rent  of 
18s.  GRASSAM. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  21.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Grat,  g.  (gr'Aat).  Gret,  n.,  sw. — 
Wept;  past  of  Greet.  See  Goller. 
And  grat  to  see  the  lad  return. 

Blamire — Traveller's  Return.    Stz.  3. 

Grater  feast,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (gr'AE.- 
tthu'R'  fiaast) —  Much  marked 
with  small-pox. 

Thoo  ugly,  greaater-feaace't,  .  .  .  speci- 
mens Scoap.    p.  116,  line  12. 

Grave :   see  Greave. 

Gravel  duck,  nw.  Grayve,  Obs. 
Dun  Diver.  Sawbill — The  Goos- 
ander — Mergut  merganser.  These 
names  are  also  given  to  the  Ked- 
breasted  Merganser— M.  serrate  r. 
The  Goosander  is  still  called  the  Gravel- 
duck  on  the  shores  of  the  English  Solway. 
Fauna,    p.  306,  line  14.    j 


Gray  dayleet,  nc.,  e.,  ec.  Crack 
o'  day,  Alston— The  first  dawn- 
ing before  sunrise. 

Gray  duck,  x.     Mire  duck— The 
wild  duck  or  Mallard— Anas  bosca. 
The    commonest   fowl   on    all   of   these 
estuaries  is  the  grey  duck. 

Fauna,    p.  270,  line  8. 

Gray-feas,  c,  nw.  Gray-hen,  e., 
Ns.  Gray  Geordie,  sw.  —  The 
stone  bottle  used  for  carrying  ale 
out  to  the  mowers. 

He  gat  hoaf  a  gallon  iv  a  grey-feace. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  1,  col.  1. 

Gray  Hawk  —  Peregrine  Falcon 
(W.H.) — Falco  peregrimu. 

Gray  Hemplin.  Wattery  Wag- 
tail—The Pied  Wagtail— Motaeilla 

lugubris. 

Gray  Lag,  nw.— Bean  goose— 
Anser  segetum.     Birds. 

Gray  yoads,  g.  (gr'ae  iaudz)— 
Grey  mares — a  circle  of  stones 
near  Cumwhinton. 

Greased  shun,  g.  (gr'EEST  shuon) 
— A  time  was  when  "weel  greas't 
shun"  was  the  prevailing  mode 
amongst  the  people,  and  no  black 
balling.  A  dancing  master  noted 
for  his  well  polished  shoes,  was 
nick-named  "Boly  his  leann"  (B.). 
Furst,  Tib,  git  me  mey  best  lin  sark, 
Mey  wig,  an'  new-greas'd  shoon. 
Anderson — Tib  and  her  Maister.   Stz  1. 

Greath :   see  Graith. 

Greave,  g.  (griaav).  Grave,  c, 
Ws.(gr'aev)— To  dig  with  a  spade. 
See  Greuv. 

Theer  waddent  be  a  laal  neuk  in  aw  I 
could  see,  whoar  I  could  gang  an'  greave 
a  sod  oot.     Richardson,  1st.   p.  110,  line  10. 
Lads  comin'  heam  frae  gravin'  peats. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p  161,  line  1. 

Greave  (gr'EEv)— An  official  of  the 
Netherwasdale  Court  Leet  of  Lord 
Leconfield ;  his  duty  is  to  collect 
the  lord's  rent. 


147 


Greedy,  G.  (GR'EEDi)— Greedy. 

Theer'  three  maks  o'  greedy.  Theer' 
menseful  greedy,  theer  menseless  greedy, 
an'  theer  senseless  greedy  !  I  think 
these  three  terms  may  he  defined  as 
follows  :  "  Menseful  greedy  "  applies  to 
a  person  who  is  careful  and  saving,  hut 
who  at  the  same  time  will  not  he  mean 
or  shabby  in  anything  that  he  has  to  do. 
"  Menseless  greedy  "  on  the  contrary, 
would  apply  to  a  person  who  is  thorough- 
ly stingy,  and  who  would  not  as  the  old 
saying  is,  "  Part  wi'  t'  reek  off  his  keal." 
And  "  Senseless  greedy  "  may  perhaps 
be  taken  to  have  the  same  meaning  as 
the  old  English  proverb,  "  Penny  wise  and 
pound  foolish."  RicHARDSON,lst.  p.l81,line3 

Greenback :   see  Bluffin. 

Greenhew,  g.  (gr'EEN.ioo) — A  pay- 
ment to  lords  of  manors  for  the 
privilege  of  cutting  underwood  in 
the  lords'  forests  for  flails,  scythe 
and  pitchfork  shafts,  swill  wood, 
besoms,  snow  poles,  fell  poles,  pea- 
sticks,  and  for  cropping  the  ash 
trees  when  in  full  leaf  to  feed  milk 
cows  with. 

Greenie,  g.  (gr'EE.ni) — Greenfinch 
— Ligurinus  oh loris. 
The  Greenie,  as  our  birdcatchers  call  it. 
Fauna,    p.  186,  line  5. 

Green  side  up,  g.  (gr'EEN  saaid) — 
Said  of  pasture  land  as  distinct 
from  arable. 

Keep  t'  plew  oot  o'  t'  land  ;  it  'ill  give  t' 
meast  liggin  t'  green  side  up. 

Gibson.    Wise  Whiff,    p.  26,  line  2. 

Greet,  to  be  on  by  —  :  g. — To  do 

piece  work. 
Greet,  g.(gr'EEt) — To  weep  quietly, 
deplore.     See  also  Preface. 
It's  nae  mair  to  see  a  woman  greet  than 
to  see  a  goose  gang  barefit.      Proverb. 

Greg,  c,  nw.  (gr*eg).  Grype,  c, 
e.,  Ns.  (gr'Iaip) — To  mortify  the 
the  mind,  to  tantalize,  vex. 
It  does  greg  yan  to  hear  a  hunt  yan  can- 
not see.  Gibson,  p.  179. 
K2 


Greun,  g.  (gr'iuon) — A  swine's 
snout ;  a  projecting  lip ;  as  place- 
name,  Greun  Point  and  Greun  End 
near  Skinburness. 

T"  oald  thing  turn't  t'  rowl  o'  bacca  ower 
in  t'  cheek  on  't,  an'  jyb't,  an'  twistit  t' 
greun  on  't. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  206,  line  9. 

Greup,  c,  e.  (gritjop).  Greeap, 
sw.  (gr'Eeap).  Groop,  n.  (gr'up) 
— The  space  behind  the  cows  in  a 
stall ;  a  narrow  passage ;  a  privy  ; 
a  sink  (Obs.). 

They  war  oa  croodlt  tegidder  on  laal  skem- 
mels,  ...  an  theer  was  neah  way  for  me 
bit  stannen  eh  t'  middle  greupp. 

Scoap.    p.  14,  line  2. 

A  petted  nag  along  the  road 
Drew,  but  unwillingly,  its  load, 
Wou'd  stop,  if  but  a  hillock  rose, 
Nor  pass'd  a  grip  till  forc'd  by  blows. 

Relph — Petted  Nag.    line  1. 

Greuv,  g.  (griuov).      Greave,  e. 
(griaav) — A  place  from  whence 
coal,  slate,  etc.  have  been  dug. 
Lang  at  t'  cwol  greuv  thou's  to  wait  for 
thy  bout.  Cumbriana.    p.  240,  line  13. 

The  miners  speak  of  the  scene  of  their 
daily  labour  as  "  the  greaves." 

Rise  of  River,    p.  241,  line  16. 

Greuv  hoose,  g. — A  hut  on  a  coal- 
pit bank. 

Grilse,  g. — A  salmon  of  two  and 
under  three  years  of  age.      For- 
merly called  Gilse. 
Salmon,  gilse,  sea  trout.    Fisherman,  p.  2. 

Grime,  g.  (gr'aaim).  Greyme,  nw. 
(gr'aeim) — A  flake  of  soot. 

Thou's  gitten  a  smitch  a  greyme  on  thy 
feace.     J.H. 

Grimin,    c,  e.,  sw.   (gr'aai.mu'n). 
Greymin,  n.,  nw.  (gr'AEI.min) — 
A  thin  covering  of  snow,  etc. 
'Twas  frost  an  thro'  leet,  wid  a  greymin 
ov  snaw.  Anderson — Biddy.    Stz.  1. 

Grimy,  c,  e.  (graai.mi).  Greymy, 
N.  (graei.mi) — Sooty,  begrimed. 


148 


Grin  :  see  under  Grund  in  Preface. 
Gripe,   c,  e.  (gr'Aaip).    Greyp 

(GR'AEIP).  Greap,N.,NW.(GR'EEAP) 

Muckfork,  sw,  ec.  (muok-f  aurk) 
— A  dung  fork,  yelve. 

Afterwards  L —   took  up  a  gripe,  and 
threatened  to  put  it  into  him. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Mar.  30.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

The  waws  wer  aw  flnisht,  er  darknin, 
Now,  ore ypes,  shouls,  barrows  flung  by. 
Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  2. 

Grise — Young   pigs  ;    used   to   be 

anciently  Wild  SWine.  (Lake  Country. 

App.  I.)     As  a  place-name  —  Grise- 
dale. 

Groats,  g.  (grwauts  ;  gr'Auts). 
Skeelings,  sw.  (skeeu\llnz)  — 
Shelled  oats. 

Groats,  which  were  dry  havver  efter  t' 
skells  hed  been  teane  off. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  15.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Groo,  nw,  nk,  e.  (gr'Oo)— Cold  and 
raw  ;  a  cold  state  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. 

A  raggy  April  an'  a  groo  May 
Gars  eydent  farmers  ettle  out  their  hay. 
Old  Saying. 

Grooas,  b.  (gr'ooits)  —  Thick 
weather,     h.t. 

Groop  :   see  Greup. 

Groosam',  g.  (a,  gr'ioo.su'M  ;  n., 
groo.su'm) — Grim  ;  dark  and  mo-  I 
rose ;  coarse-featured. 
Fadder  leuk'd  parlish  grousome  like. 

Willy  Wattle,    p.  3,  line  16. 

Grosk,  c,  e.,  sw.  (gr'ausk)— Freely 
grown ;  gross  ;  fat. 

Grossers  :  see  Berries. 

Grouty,  c,  e.,  nw.  (gr'auw.ti)— 
Rather  muddy. 

Groven,  g.  (gr-auv.u'n)— Dug  with 
a  spade. 

Come  an'  see  t'  cairns  oppen't,  an' t'  grund 
under  t'em  groven  up. 
Gibson— Bannasyde  Cairns,    p.  67,  line  6. 


Growin  o'  wark  (grauw.un-au- 
waar'k) — Becoming  all  work,  be- 
coming an  effort,  no  longer  easy. 

An'  its  growin  o' wark  to  say  "  Jwohnny, 
git  oot." 

Gibson — Jwohnny,  git  oot.    Stz.  8. 

Growt,  se.,sw.  (grauwt)— To  bore 
with  the  snout. 

Routing  an'  grouting  at  what's  nae  call 
of  yours.       Todhunter's.    p.  276,  line  17. 

Grubby,  c,  Ws.  (gr'tjob.bi).  Gruby , 
e.  (gr-uob.i)— Dirty. 

Grumfy,  c,  sw.  Grumpy,  c,  E., 
nw.(gr-uomp.i)— Complaining,  ail- 
ing or  believing  to  be  so,  out  of 
humour. 

What's  smatter  wi'  yeh  noo,  thoo's  bin 
nowt  bit  grumfy  oa  t'  day  lang. 

Grump,  g.  (gr'UOMp)— To  tak  t* 
group  is  to  be  displeased. 
But  picks  was  trump  an'  he  tuke  grump, 
An'  sed  he  wad  laik  nea  mair  than. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  17. 

Grund,  g.(gr'UONd)— Ground,  land, 

farm.      As  a  place-name,  Groundy 

Croft,  High  Ground. 

Their  fire  pleaces  war  on  t'  grund. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  60,  line  10. 
Thurty  yacre  o'  gud  grund. 

Gibson— Wise  WifT.    p.  35,  line  5. 

Grundlin',  nw.— The  Slender  Goby 
(robins  gracilis.  Fauna,    p.  480. 

Grunsel,  g.  (gruons.ul).  Gruns- 
wathe,  c,  sw.  (gr'uons.waeth) 
Common  Groundsel  —  Senecio  vul- 
garis. Also,  "  referred  indiscrimin- 
ately to  Mountain  groundsel  — 
Senecio  sylvatica,  and  S.  viscosus. 
Different  names  are  applied  to  the 
same  plant  in  different  districts. 

W.H. 

Grup  :   see  Greup. 

Grutten,  e.,  sw.  (gr'UOT.itn)  —  P. 
part,  of  Greet. 

Gryke  :   see  Cryke. 

Grype  :   see  Greg. 

Guard-fish :   see  Herring. 


149 


Guff :   see  Goff. 

Guile-fat,  g.  (a,  gaail-faat  ;  N., 
gaeil) — A  wort  tub. 

Flang  them  intull  a  girt  guile-fat  kind 

of*  a  tub.  Scoap.  .  p.  97,  line  SO. 

An'  some  o'  th'  hallan  or  th'  meel  deers, 

Their  geylefat  guts  war  clearin'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  47. 

Guinea- hen  flower,  c,  sw. 
Pheasant  lilly,  nw.- The  Fri- 
tillary — Fritillarla.  meleag Hs. 

Guide r  (guolddh.U'R')— To  talk 
loudly  and  with  a  dissonant  voice. 
Obs. 

He  seed  somebody  in  the  croft, 
An  gulders  as  he'd  wurry  me. 

Anderson — Dick  Watters.    Stz.  1. 

Gull,  c,  e.,  sw.  (guol).  "Yellow 
gull — The  corn  marigold — Chry- 
sa  tit  h  em  u  m  s  e(j  et  u  m . 

Gullick,  e.  (guol.ik) — A  deep  gully 
or  ravine ;  a  deep  cut  or  slash. 
The  ghyll  roared  louder  and  louder.      It 
seemed  to  overflow  the  gullock. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  27,  line  16. 

Gulls,  e.  (guol) — Messes  given  to 
sick  cattle ;  gruel  prepared  for 
calves ;  porridge. 

Gully,  g.  (guol.i)— A  butcher's 
knife,  a  large  knife  used  for  cutting 
bread  and  cheese ;  a  hollow  or 
slack  between  hills. 
Fadder  wurds  .  .  .  stack  in  me  breest 
like  a  gully  knife.       Scoap.    p.  10,  line  8- 

Gumption,  g.  (guomp.shu'n)— 
Spirit,  wit,  sense,  shrewdness. 

T'  pooar  lal  gowk  hesn't  gumption  aneuf 
to  see  'at  they're  no'  but  makin  ghem  on 
him.  Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  7,  line  5. 

Hed  I  thy  gumpshin,  and  thy  gift  o'  gob. 
Graham — Gwordy.    line  114. 

Gurmaw,  nw.  (guor'.mauw).  De- 
voke  Water  maw,  sw.  (Obs.) — 
Great  black-backed  Gull  —  Larus 
marinus ;  formerly  called  Wag'ner. 

Devoke  Water  Maws  bred  in  that  district. 
Fauna,    p.  433,  line  13. 


Jwohn  Simple  was  bworn  at  Cardurnock, 
An'  browt  up  amang  the  gurmows  ; 

Songs,    p.  5,  line  8. 
Gurn :   see  Girn. 

Gurnel,  nw.  (gur'NU'l) — A  wooden 
post  shod  with  a  sharp  piece  of 
iron  used  for  making  holes  in  the 
ground  into  which  to  put  the 
stakes  which  support  the  stake- 
nets.      Rev.  S.  Lindow,  Bowness. 

Gurt :   see  Preface  under  Greet. 

Gutlin,  a,  w.  (guot.lu'n).  Gutsey , 
e.,  nw.,  sw.,  nc. — A  glutton. 

Gutter  Wasp,  nc,  nw.  (guotth.U'R' 
waasp).  Sump,  w.,  sw. — A  fly 
resembling  the  wasp  in  appearance, 
but  not  quite  so  large ;  often  seen 
on  the  edge  of  water  in  a  ditch. 
Probably  Conops  (w.h.y.). 

Gwat:   see  Watter-gwoat. 

Gweordie,  g.  (jwau.R'Di).  Broon 
G.  — Brown  bread  made  of  rye  and 

barley. 

Beake  as  much  broon  Gwordie  as  wad 

last.        C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  2.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Gwol,  c,  e.,  sw.  (gwaul)— A  deep 
pool. 

Gyps,  c,  sw.  (jips).     Gyp,  w—  A 
person  of  quarrelsome  or  black- 
guard character ;  one  who  would 
fight  to  the  last. 
He's  a  bit  of  a  gyp  that  chap  awivver. 

J.  Ar. 
'Twad  shem  the  heale  parish 
To  let  her  be  teane  wud  a  gipsy  leyke 
Strang. 
Rayson — Worthless  Strang.      Stz.  1. 

Gyversom,  g.  (gaai.vu'R'SU'M. 
Gyverous,  nw. — Eager,  very 
anxious,  greedy. 

T'  mair  ye  give  till  greedy  fwoke  t'  mair 
gyversome  they  growe. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  180. 

He'd  hed  nowt  et  itt  o'  t'  day,  an'  wos 
varra  gyversom. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  13,  line  4. 


150 


H 

H— This  letter  is  generally  omitted 
in  the  c.  and  sw.  district,  but  not 
in  the  E.,  n.,  or  nw,  indeed  in  the 
northern  parts  we  hear  the  aspira- 
tion in  such  words  as  whee  for 
who.  This  should  be  remembered 
when  consulting  the  Glossary  or 
the  long  list  in  the  Preface,  for  it 
has  not  been  thought  necessary 
to  increase  the  number  of  entries 
made  there.  In  the  dales  the 
aspiration  of  the  vowels  is  some- 
what irregular ;  we  find  "  in  t' 
hoose,"  and  "f  oose,"  also  "a 
hegg"  but  not  "three  heggs"; 
an  empty  cask,  not  a  hempty. 

Haaf,  nw.  (haaf)— To  fish  with  a 
haaf-net. 

Haaf-bawk,  nw.— The  pole  attached 
to  a  haaf-net,  whereby  it  is  raised 

OUt  of  the  water.      Fisherman,   p.  50. 

Haaf-net,  nw.  —  A  net  used  on 
the  Solway,  which  consists  of  a 
pock-net  fixed  on  a  frame  of  wood, 
being  kept  open  by  a  cross-bar 
fixed  at  right  angles  to  the  pole 
held  by  the  fisherman  standing 
in  the  water.  Whenever  a  fish 
strikes  the  net,  the  whole  is  hauled 
out  of  the  water. 

He  had  heard  of  fishing  for  flounders  at 
Cardurnock,  with  a  smaller  mesh  haaf- 
net.        C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  13.     p.  3,  col.  2. 

Haata :   see  Yan. 

Hack,  g.  (aak) — A  pickaxe  having 
two  points  about  an  inch  in  width; 
a  hard  cough. 

Mr  Rowlins  tel't  his  men  ut  gidder  up 
the'r  hacks  an'  speeads. 

Gibson— Bannasyde  Cairns,    p.  68,  line  4. 
— To  work  with  a  pickaxe,     (n.w.) 
To  dress  a  hedge-breast,  or  a  gutter 
with  a  sickle.     See  Dogger. 
Sunshine  mead  him  throw  his  cwoat  off, 
When  wi'  hackin'  he  grew  warm. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  43. 


Hacker,  g.  (aak.U'r).  Hack,  EC. 
— To  stammer. 

"  He  hakkers  an'  gits  nin  on  wid  his 
talk.'- 

And  muttert  tull  his  sel  and  hakkert. 

Cumbriana.  p.  256,  line  7. 
Sad  hakkeran  wark  they  maade  o'  ther 
neamen.      W.C.T.  1898,  July  9.   p.  8,  col.  5. 

Hackin,c.,E.,NW.(AAK.iN).  Haggis, 

N.,  ne.  (haag.is)— A  pudding  made 
of  mincemeat  and  fruit  and,  until 
lately,  eaten  at  breakfast  on  Christ- 
mas day.     Cf.  Giblet  pie. 

When  Curs'mas  com'  what  stivan  wark, 
Wi'  sweet  minch'd-pyes  and  hackins 
feyne. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  15. 

For  dinner,  we'd  stewt-geuse  an  haggish. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.   Stz.  13. 

Hackled  seeves— The  exact  mean- 
ing of  hackled  has  passed  out  of  re- 
collection; I  suggest  that  "plaited" 
was  intended. 

Halters  of  hemp  both  heads  and  shanks  j 
But  some  were  made  of  hackled  seives. 
C.  Patr. — Auld  Lang  Seyne.   1870,  May  13. 

Hack't,  c,  e.,  sw.  (aakt).  Chap't, 
Ns.,  e.  (chaapt) — Having  cracks 
in  the  skin  of  the  hands  by  reason 
of  cold  or  neglect. 

Had :   see  Hoald. 

Hadder,  n,  e.  (haaddh.U'R')— Small 
rain;  drizzle;  o'  in  a  hadder  is  to  be 
wet  through — generally  from  per- 
spiration.    See  Mizzle. 

T"  party  'at  asst  knew  neea  mair  ner  a 
fiul  what  hadder  meant,  .  .  .  an'  come 
back  wet  throo.       Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Feb.  1. 

— To  drizzle. 

"  It  hadders  and  rains  on." 

It's  nivver  geen  ower  hadderan  sen  Ah 
went  oot.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  1. 


151 


HafLins :   see  Hoafiins. 

Haffets,  Ns.  (haaf.U'ts)— Locks  of 
hair  on  the  temples ;  the  temples. 

And  others  left  me  yen  by  yen, 

Till  I've  grown  grey  about  the  haffet. 

Rayson — Auld  Bachelor.    Stz.  2. 

Rashly  they  scale  the  scatteran  swathe, 
"WT  zig-zag  fling  the  reakers  tweyne, 
An'  seylin  sweats  their  haffets  bathe. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  17. 

Hag,  c,  Ws.  (aag) — A  woody  place 
intermixed  with  grass ;  (e.,  eg.)  a 
wooded  hill ;  (n.,  ne.)  iiioss-hags 
are  channels  formed  by  water  in 
peaty  ground  ;  (g.)  a  field  or  place- 
name. 

They  teak  her  doon  intuit  hags  an  trail'd 
her  up  on  tul  a  hay  mow. 

Muncaster  Boggle,    p.  6,  line  5. 

The  deep  chocolate  of  the  peat-HAG, 
whence  the  fuel  for  Dobson's  fireside  was 
being  "  lead  away." 

Love  of  a  Lass     p.  4,  line  2. 

Hag  at  it,  c. — To  persevere  in 
labouring. 

Hag  clog,  c,  n.,  e., NW,    Hag  stock, 

sw. — A  chopping  block. 

Hagger,  g.  (aag.U'R') —  A  coal 
hewer. 

It's  leyke  forty  thousand  cwoal  haggers 
at  wark  i'  me  inseyde. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  2. 

Haggis :   see  Hackin. 

Haggle,  g.  (aag.U'l).  Higgle,  g. 
not  nw.  (ig.U'l)— To  tease  in  bar- 
gaining ;  to  overwork,  to  fatigue. 
Thuh'll  just  pay  meh  noo  adoot  enny  mair 

HIGGLIN. 

Scoap.    p.  109,  line  19. 

A  countryman  came  up  and  after  much 
haggling  he  agreed  to  buy  one  for  thirty 
shillings.         W.C.T.X     1892.    p.  9,  col.  3. 


Haggle,  c,  e.,  nw.  (aag.U'l). 
Hassle,  c,  n.,  sw.  (aas.U'l)— To 
cut  with  a  blunt  knife,  and  with 
a  sawing  motion. 

An'  t'  doctor  said,  "Well,  my  lad — off 
this  mun  cum  !  " 
An'  he  haggelt  an  cot  at  his  pultess- 
bleach't  po'. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  10. 

A  razor  meaad  oot  of  an  oald  hand  saw 
eh  t'  tudder,  was  shaven  oa  t'  feaace  on 
em  .  .  .  When  he'd  hasselt  at  em  till 
bleudd  began  ten  cum. 

Scoap.    p.  199,  line  1. 

Hagh.  ye  !  Hath,  ye  !  n. — Listen  : 
seldom  used. 

Hagwesh :   see  Bagwesh. 

Hag  worm,  g.  (aag-wuor'U'm) — 
Applied  to  the  viper,  common  snake 
and  the  slow- worm. 

An'  t'  fat  rwoastit  oot  o'  beath  hag- 
wurms  an'  eels. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  7. 

Hail  sweep  :   see  Hell. 

Hain — To  preserve  untouched,  save. 
See  Free. 

Hairly :   see  Harleys. 

Hairy  worm  :  see  Tommy's  can- 
nelstick. 

Haister,    sw.   (ae.stthu'R')  —  A 

surfeit. 

— G. — To  starve ;  to  fatigue  with  hard 
work ;  an  animal  severely  pinched 
by  hunger  and  cold  is  haister't. 
Food  put  into  a  quick  oven  may 
be  overcooked  and  spoiled ;  it  is 
then  haister't  (r.w.)     To  pull  about 

roughly  (Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  63). 

Yon  nag's  o'  hastered. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  1. 

Young  Martha  Todd  was  haister't  sair 
By  rammish  Wully  Barr'as. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  37. 


152 


Hake,  c,  n.  (aek)  —  A  convivial 
assembly  or  dance;  tumult;  pro- 
vocation, excitement;  the  cry  of 
a  goose,    (n.)  A  lean  horse  or  cow. 

"  Sec  hakes  !  " — such  doings  ! 
They  drank  aw  th'  yell  up  every  sup, 
Wi'  nowther  haike  nor  quarrel. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.  Stz.  40. 
Is  there  gaan  teh  be  a  hake  here  teh-neet  ? 
acoase  ah  think  they're  makken  t'  dancin 
loft  ruddy.  Scoap.    p.  19,  line  4. 

— c,  sw. — To  tire ;  to  distress,  as 
applied  to  land,  it  indicates  ex- 
haustion from  over-cropping.  To 
butt  with  the  horns  or  head. 
Seein'  t'  land  howked  and  haiked  by  a 
foreigner.  Lizzie  Lorton.  III.  p.  154,  line  9. 
T'  field  hes  been  fairly  haket  ta  deeth  ; 
what  can  it  grow  ?  Jos.  P. 
T"  cows  used  to  hake  yan  anudder  till  t' 
beals  were  summat  awful  to  hear. 

C.  Pacq.    1894,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— (interj.)  An  expression  of  defiance. 
Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  60. 
"  Hake  for  a  fight !  " 

Hale,  g.  (ael)— The  act  of  driving 
the  football  between  the  goal  posts. 
An  up-an-dooner  at  shinny,  or  a  hail  at 
feut-bo.  Scoap.    p.  2,  line  17. 

— To  act  forcibly ;  to  pull,  draw  ;  to 
drive  the  ball  to  the  winning-post. 
The  ball  went  "  down  "  very  soon,  and 
did  not  stop  until  hailed  in  the  harbour. 
W.C.T.  1898,  April  9.  p.  5,  col.  2. 
I  hail't  Jonathan  oot  fray  amang  them. 

Gibson — Betty  Yewdale.  p.  75,  line  8. 
Whyle  yele  in  jugs  and  cans  was  brought, 

And  hail'd  down  ev'ry  muzzle. 
And  some  they  hail'd  it  down  sae  fast, 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  28. 

Haler,  c,  e.,  nw.  (ae.lu'R')— One 
who  works  or  does  anything  ener- 
getically and  effectively;  "goal" 
or  "win"  in  shinny. 
He  is  a  haler  at  it,  he  fairly  follows  it 
seamm  thing  as  gangin'  tul  a  day-wark. 
Forness  Folk.    p.  38,  line  5. 


Hallan,  g.  not  sw.  (aal.U'n) — The 
division  between  two  horse  or  cow- 
stalls,  (n.)  The  partition  within 
the  entrance  of  an  old-fashioned 
farmhouse,  frequently  made  of 
wicker-work  plastered  with  clay. 
As  a  place-name,  Hallin  Fell  on 
Ullswater. 

Loft  beurds  they  brack,  an'  theer  he  stack 
A  striddlin'  cock'd  o'  th'  hallan. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  12. 
Sittin  on't  sattle  by  t'  fire  ; 

I'd  just  as  leeve  sat  by  our  hallan. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  7. 

Hallan  drop,  g. — A  black  sooty 
fluid  which  trickled  down  the  wide 
chimney. 

An'  when  they  sat  by  t'  grateless  fire, 
They  hed  to  watch  for  t'  hallen  drops. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57,  line  7. 

Hallan- shaker,  e,,  nw. — A  beggar. 

Hallion :   see  Hanniel. 

Hallock,  c,  sw.  (aal.itk).  Hulk, 
c,  Ns.,  sw.  (uolk) — A  tall,  lazy, 
ungainly  man;  a  rough,  uncouth 
person. 

Tou's  twenty  teymes  dearer  to  me, 
Than  onie  lang  hulk  ov  a  miller. 

Anderson — Glendinning.    Stz.  6. 

— To  idle  about;  to  wander  as  a 
vagabond. 

Halloween,  g.  Hanchin'  neet,  c. 
— The  ceremonies  observed  on  this 
day  in  Cumberland  are  similar  to 
those  held  in  Scotland ;  they  are 
independent  of  the  sister  country, 
and  not  mere  imitations  introduced 
by  settlers  from  Scotland.  Relph, 
about  1730,  refers  to  the  search 
for  nuts  upon  the  leafless  hazel 
bushes,  on  Hallow-even.  Hanchin 
neet  takes  its  name  from  the  game 
of  Bob-apple,  when  with  hands  be- 
hind the  back,  the  players  hanched 
at  an  apple  suspended  from  the 
ceiling  by  a  string. 


153 


Ham,  G.  (aam) — A  term  in  wrest- 
ling; the  action  differs  from  "catch- 
ing the  heel "  by  the  attack  being 
made  behind  the  knee  of  the  oppo- 
nent, instead  of  behind  his  ankle. 

Hammel,  c,  nc.  (haam.itl).  Hem- 
mel,  e.,  ne. — A  shed  in  a  field  for 
the  shelter  of  young  stock,  usually 
of  slender  posts,  wickered  in  with 
whin  and  having  a  wide  opening 
for  entrance  without  door  (J.  Ar.). 
(c.)  A  shed  contiguous  to  the 
dwelling  house  used  as  a  storage 
for  implements,  bracken,  etc. ;  the 
word  is  current  only  in  the  out- 
lying fell-dales  (W.H.). 

Two  fields  off  .   .   .   in  a  cattle  hemel. 

Graham — Red  Scaur.    1896.    p.  77. 

Hammer  band,  a,  nw.  —  Up-hill 
work ;  constant  work  on  the 
shoulders.  In  old  times  the  horse 
was  yoked  to  the  cart  by  ropes 
from  the  shoulders  to  iron,  willow 
or  hazel  rings  sliding  on  the  shafts, 
and  retained  in  their  place  by  a 
pin.  This  was  hammer-band  yoking. 
Obs. 
No  iron  staps,  nor  shoulder  links, 

For  all  had  hammer  bands. 
C.  Patr. — Auld  Lang  Sey  ne.   1870,  May  13. 

Hammer-bleat,  c,  sw.,  ne.  Heath- 
er-bleat, n., sw.  Full  snipe,  sw. 
Sceape,NW.  Sneyp,NW.(SNAEip) 

— The  Snipe  —  Gallinago  ccelastis. 
In  the  breeding  season  the  note 
of  the  male  bird  resembles  the 
bleat  of  a  goat. 

Lads  comin'  heam  frae  gravin'  peats, 
Na  mair  you'll  hear  th e  hammer-bleats. 
Dickinson — Remains,   p.  161,  line  1. 

Where  the  heather-bleat  snipe 
Could  quiver  and  pipe. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  117,  line  10. 

Ham  sam,  G.  (aam-saam) — Promis- 
cuous ;  all  in  confusion. 

She'd  pack't  them  (clothes)  eh  sec  a 
hurry,  teuh.  at  they  wur  oa  ham-sam. 

Scoap.    p.  11,  line  6. 


Han',  g.  (a an) — Hand  ;  direction. 
"  He's  gone  towart  Ireby  and  that  hand." 

His  left  han'  is  anunder  my  heed,  an'  his 
reet  han'  infauls  me. 

Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.   II.   v.  6. 

Han  breed,  g. — A  hand's  breadth. 

Hanch,  c,  e.,  nw.  ([hjaanch)— To 
snap  as  a  dog  does  when  it  bites 
suddenly ;  to  threaten  to  bite  as 
does  a  really  good-natured  horse 

(J.  Ar.). 

T"  policeman  pot  t'  beuck  up  tull  his  gob 
an  hancht  at  it  as  if  he  was  gaan  teh  tak 
a  lump  oot  on  't.  Scoap.    p.  36,  Urn  2. 

"  Get  away  wid  yir  hanchin."  "  Quiet 
will  ta !  hanchin  on  like  that."      J.  Ar. 

Hanchin'  neet :   see  Halloween. 

Hancloot,  c.  (aan.kloot).  Han- 
claith,  n.  (aan.klaeth)— A  towel. 

Handy,  g.  (aand.i) — Near. 

"  His  house  is  very  handy  to  his  office." 

Hangarel :   see  Hanniel. 

Hang  i'  th'  wind,  g. — Subsisting  on 
an  uncertainty ;  awaiting  events. 

The  company  consists  of  the  "  weel-to-do  " 
and  the  hang-i'-th'-win'  class. 

Burn — Rosenthal,    p.  13,  line  6. 

Hangment,  g.  (aang.mu'Nt) — 
Devil  or  hangman ;  an  exclamation 
of  surprise  ;  often  accompanied  by 

Sham. 

"  What  the  hangment  's  yon  ?  " 

"  He'll  play  the  hangment  wid  ye" — he 
will  be  very  severe. 

Thoo  kens  what  sec  a  heam  I've  gitten — 
What  t'  hangment  wad  te  mair  ? 

Gibson — Sannter,  Bella.    Stz.  4. 

What  the  sham  an'  hangment  d'ye  mean 
be  that  ? 

Gibson— Yan  o'  t'  Elect,    p.  130,  line  7. 

Hang't   like,   c,   e.,  nw. — Shame- 
faced, hang-dog  like. 
At  last  he  turn't  oot,  bit  hang't  like. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  24,  line  9. 


154 


Hang  t'  baker:  see  Droon  t' 
miller. 

Hank,  g.  (aank)— An  evil  habit ;  a 
skein  of  thread  or  yarn,  composed 
of  twelve  cuts  (see  Knack  reel)  ; 
a  loop ;  the  chip  described  below. 
To  "  have  or  hold  the  hank  "  is  to 
be  master  of  the  situation.  See 
Head. 
"  He  hes  a  hank  o'  gangan'  oot  o'  neets." 

Git  me   ...   a  hank  o'  threed. 

Bobby  Banks,    p.  16,  line  16. 

C —  tried  the  click  and  turned  it  into  the 
hank.     C.  Patr.   1894,  July  13.   p.  7,  col.  4. 

Pay't  what  she  hed  a  nind,  becos  she  hed 
t'  hank  in  her  awn  hand. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  127. 

— To  fasten  with  a  hoop  or  loop ;  to 
form  into  hanks.  When  wrestling 
the  left  leg  is  put  forward  and 
between  the  legs  of  the  opponent, 
thus  catching  his  right.  At  the 
same  time  the  body  is  thrown 
back,  and  the  opponent  turns 
under.  This  is  considered  to  be 
a  beaten  man's  "  chip,"  and  not 
a  good  one,  and  to  avoid  it  the 
"  click  "  or  "  back-heel  "  is  em- 
ployed. My  informant  "  liked  weel 
to  be  hankt,  he  has  sic  a  lang  leg, 
and  generally  fellt  them  'at  triet 
it."     j.c.c. 

J —  was  hanked,  S —  trying  the  inside 
click.      C.  Patr.    1894,  July  13.   p.  7,  col.  4. 

Hanker,  g.  (a ank.U'R') — To  long  for ; 
to  hesitate  between  two  opinions, 
etc ;  to  entangle,  to  become  fasten- 
ed, as  when  a  rope  is  dragged  along 
the  ground,  it  may  be  hankered  round 
a  stone  or  stake. 
Auld  Skiddaw  lang  hed  hanker't  sair 
Itsel  to  be  t'  fell  king. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  13,  line  4. 

If  a  girl  was  taking  linen  off  the  hedge 
where  it  had  been  put  to  dry  and  it  got 
fixed  to  the  thorns  she  would  say  it  was 
hankered.      J.H. 


Hanker,  ne. 

"  There's  the  hanker  "- 


-there's  the  rub. 
R.W. 


Hanker  the  heel :  see  Back-heel. 
Hankie,  g.  (aank.U'l) — To  entangle. 

When  yan's  fishin'  tome  gits  hankled. 

Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  2. 

Hanless,  c.,sw.  (aan.lits) — Making 
feeble  use  of  the  hands. 

Hannel,  c,  Ws.  (aan.U'l)  Milk 
hannel,  c. — A  handle ;  a  tub  larger 
than  a  geggin,  wider  at  the  bottom 
than  at  the  top,  but  with  a  pro- 
portionately shorter  stave-handle ; 
used  for  collecting  the  milk  in  the 
byre,  or  for  carrying  water  from 
a  spring;  it  was  carried  on  the 
head. 

Hanniel,  c,  nw,  e.  (a  anjut).  Han- 
garel,  c,  n.,  sw,  (aang.ur'U'l) — 
A  worthless,  mischievous  person 
(Alston) ;  an  uneasy  beast  (J.  ar.)  ; 
a  waggish  man,  to  be  looked  down 
on,  but  with  deference  (J.H.). 
"  A  girt  lang  hanniel." 

What   duz   teh  mean,  thoo    hofe-starvt 
leuckan  hanniel  thoo  ? 

Scoap.    p.  209,  line  15. 

Yence  on  a  teyme  a  hangrell  gang 
Com'  with  a  bensil  owr  the  sea. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  5. 

We'd  hay-crufks  an  hen-tails,  an  hanniels. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.   Stz.  5. 

Ah'll  tie  yer  legs,  ye  hanniel  ye,  if  ye 
diven't  larn  to  behave. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  51,  line  18. 

Hanny,  n.,  sw.  (aan.i).  Skeel, 
Alston.  Hannykit,  sw.  (aan.- 
ikit) — A  small  tub  of  cylindrical 
form  having  a  long  handle ;  else- 
where called  Piggin. 
Theere,  if  ye  heven't  couped  t'  skeel. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  51,  line  1?. 

Han  runnan',  G—  Quickly  and 
continuously ;  successively. 


155 


Hansel,  g.  (aan.sux) — The  price 
of  the  first  article  sold ;  the  first 
use  of  anything. 

— To  use  for  the  first  time ;  the  gift 
of  a  coin  to  the  wearer  of  a  new 
suit  of  clothes,  hansels  or  makes 
that  suit  lucky. 

Kirby  wore  his  best  coat  .  .  .  whose 
hanseling  no  one  could  remember. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  118,  line  16. 

Han'  staff,  g.  (staaf) — The  first 
half  of  the  flail. 

As  threshin'  time  's  here,  we  fit  up  a  flail, 

Wi'  handstaff,  and  soople,  and  cappin ; 

Cumbriana.    p.  253,  line  9. 

Han's  turn,  G. — Any  sort  of  hand 
labour,  assistance. 
"  He  willn't  set  to  ya  hand's  turn." 

Hantel,  c,  N.,  sw.  ([hjaant.u'l)— 
A  large  quantity,  a  number  of, 
much,  a  handful. 

I've  been  a  sad  deevil,  an  spent  gowd  i' 
gowpens, 
Thenk  God  !  I've  a  hantel  left  yet. 
Anderson — Twee  Auld  Men.    Stz.  9. 

Porridge  .  .  .  kittly  slip  douns  wi'  a 
hantle  o'  cream. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  288,  line  9. 

Hap,  G.  (aap) — A  covering,  cover. 
A  hap  mear  or  less  is  nowt  in  our  house. 
Midsummer,    p.  8,  line  1. 

— To  cover  up  lightly,  loosely.     Hap 
up — to  bury. 
"  She  hap't  o'  t'  barns  at  bedtime." 

He  told  the  plaintiff  to  help  to  hap  the 
potatoes,  he  refused.  The  other  men 
assisted  him  to  hap  the  potatoes  .  .  . 
the  other  men  happed  the  heaps  with 
the  tops  and  straw. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Whae  wad  ha'  thoot  Ah'd  ha'  lived  to  hap 
him  oop.  Rise  of  River,    p.  299. 

Hap,  nw.  Obs. — A  sledge-drag  or 
scraper,  drawn  by  a  horse,  used 
for  collecting  the  surface  sleech  on 
the  salt  bed.  Solway.   p.  44. 


Hap'm,  c,  e.,  sw.  (a ap.m).  Happen, 
n.  (haap.U'n) — To  happen. 

AJi  happmt  teh  leuck  upbank. 

Scoap.    p.  5.  line  3. 

— Perhaps. 

Ah'll  happen  cum.      S.D.B. 

Happins,G'.  (aap.in) — Thick  woollen 
bed  covers  woven  carpetwise ; 
cover. 

Stoppan  t'  tudder  neif  anunder  t'  bedcleas 
he  bucklt  me  be  t'  wrist,  ...  he  leTt 
lowce  eh  t'  arm  om  meh  an  let  it  fo  oot- 
side  eh  t'  happin.       Scoap.   p.  175,  line  3. 

T'  car  was  wesh't  up  an'  a  happin  tied  on 
t'  top  on  't.     Willy  Wattle,    p.  3,  line  10. 

Hapshy-rapshy,  g.  (aap.shi- 
R'AAP.shi)  —  At  random  ;  hap- 
hazard. 

Ah  sed,  hapsha-rapsheh,  sez  ah,  "  Odd- 
dar  !  maister."         Scoap.    p.  140,  line  10. 

Hap  t'  fire  :   see  Reak  t'  fire. 

Har,  g.  (aar').  Hartree,  c,  E. 
(aa.rtr'Ee) — The  upright  timber 
of  a  gate,  into  which  the  bars  are 
fixed,  and  on  which  it  swings. 

Harbour,  g.  (aa.R'bu'R') — A  place 
of  reception,  a  room. 
Turned  out  of  huse  and  harbour.  Ellwood. 

Hard,  G.  (aart>)  —  Hardy ;  (e.) 
fierce,  strong,  as  applied  to  wind 
"  He's  as  hard  as  a  fell  tead." 

Harden  cleath,  g.  (aa.rdtj'n) — A 
coarse  hempen  cloth  not  much 
used  now. 

Harden  jacket,  e.,  sw.  Dicky,  c, 
B.,  Ws.  (dik.i)— A  loose  and  light 
jacket  worn  over  the  shirt  when 
stripped  for  work ;  (w.)  a  top 
shirt,  commonly  of  linen. 

"  A  harden  bag  and  a  hemp  string-puddin 
pwoke." 

Clog-shoon,  harden-sark,  whittle-gait, 
and  guse-gait. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  5,  line  1. 

Harden  kytle,  c,  e. — A  loose  jacket 
worn  by  girls  when  employed  in  at- 
tending cattle  or  in  out-door  work. 


156 


Hard-faver't,  g.  (fae.vu'R't) — 
Coarse-featured. 

Hardfully,  a,  sw.  (aa.r'dfu'Li)— 
Industriously. 
"  He  gits  his  leevin  reet  hardfully." 

Hard  heed,  c,e,sw.   Horse  knop, 

a,  Ws.  (aur-s-naup)— The  Black 

Knap  -  weed —  Centa  urea  nig  ra. 

He  saw  a  single  pair  of  Goldfinches  feeding 

on  horse-knops.       Fauna,    p.  134,  line  15. 

Hard  heed,  sw.  Bull  front  and 
Bottling. — A  large  (out-grown) 
kind  of  trout  found  in  the  Esk, 
Irt,  Mite,  Bleng  and  Calder  rivers. 
It  has  also  been  caught  in  Wast- 
water.  "  It  is  rarely  seen  now — 
at  least  caught"  (R.K.). 

Hard  laid  on,  g. — Much  oppressed. 

Hard  on  to,  g.     Hard  agean. — 

Close  to. 

"  It  '11  be  hard  on  till  neet  or  we  git  heam." 

"  Ye'll  finnd  t'  hoose  hard  agean  t'  stay- 
shin." 

Hard  pin't :  see  Pin't. 

Hards,  nw. — A  long  stretch  of  gorse 
and  whin  called  the  hards,  situated 
between  Allonby  and  Abbey  Town. 

Fauna,    p.  181,  line  5. 

Hard-setten,  G. — Said  of  eggs  sat 
upon  till  nearly  the  date  of  hatch- 
ing.     J.  Ar. 


Hardwood   trees,   g. 


Deciduous 


trees,  not  of  the  fir  tribe;  (nc.) 
oak,  which  is  barked  in  spring,  ex- 
cepted (J.  Ar.). 

Hard- word  :  see  Bad- word. 

Hardy,  nw. — A  clay  marble  having 
a  bright  surface. 

Hark,  g.  not  e.(aar'k)— To  whisper, 
guess  ;  (nw.)  listen.     Obsolesc. 
While  to  a  corner  snug  I  git, 
And  kiss  and  hark  wi'  Sally. 

Relph — New  Ballet.    Stz.  3. 

Fwoke  harkt  an'  guesst  an'  guesst  agean. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  26. 


Harleys,  c,  sw.  (a a.rliz).  Hairly , 
n.,  sw.(hae.R'li)— Hardly,  scarcely. 

Waanely  it  fell ;  I  hardlins  felt  each  bat. 

Clark — Seyraon.  line  66. 
Tekin  to  keepin'  another  man's  bairn, 
when  he  can  arlies  keep  hissel. 

Rosenthal,    p.  15,  line  18. 

Harlin,  nw.  (aa.R'LIn)  —  Difficult, 
close. 

An'  mony  a  harlin  reace  they  hed 
Owr  pasture,  hill,  an'  deale. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  5. 

Harn,  g.  (aarn).  Hairn  (aern) 
— To  dry  anything  by  holding  to 
the  fire ;  to  "  air." 

Harns,  n.  (aar'Nz)— Brains. 

Dig  out  your  harns, — knock  out  your 
brains.  Lake  Country.    App.  1. 

Harrial,  c.  (haarmaal) — Heriot. 

Harrishin,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.(ha  armshin) 
Violent  invasion ;  harrying. 

Harrow  bulls,  G.  Harrow  bills, 
nw.  The  ribs  of  a  wooden  harrow. 

Harry,  G.  (haaru)— To  rob,  refers 
generally  to  birds'  nests. 
The  nest  was  harried,  much  to  the  cha- 
grin of  the  porters,  who  had  cherished 
hopes  of  rearing  a  brood  of  owls. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Ap.  15.    p.  5,  col  6. 

Harry  behint  :  see  Lag-ma-last. 
Harvest  bug  :   see  Cushy- coo. 

Hash,  G.  (aash)— A  term  seldom 
used  except  to  signify  defeat.  Also 
a  sloven ;  one  who  talks  nonsense. 
"  Settle  his  hash." 

Lword  Nelson  settlt  t'  French  ther  hash 
at  sea.  Scoap.    p.  105,  line  18. 

Well,  well  quoth  Raff,  tho'  ye  was  rash, 
I'll  scorn  to  wrang  ye,  senseless  hash. 

Daft  Bargain,   line  17. 

Hask,  g.  (aask)— Dry  and  cold; 

unkindly ;  rough,  coarse. 

"  Your  cow  hez  a  hask  hide  on  her." 

Hask  —  cold,  uncomfortable;   "a  hask 
wind" — a  dry  cold  wind. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  8,  col.  1. 


157 


Hassle  :   see  Haggle. 

Hasty-pudding,  g.  (ae.sti-puod.- 
U'n)  —  Thick  pottage,  —  a  dish 
which  almost  universally  formed 
the  breakfast,  and  often  the  sup- 
per ;  it  consisted  of  oatmeal  boiled 
with  water  to  a  thick  pulp,  and 
was  eaten  along  with  butter,  milk, 
treacle  or  beer. 

Hasty  whittle  :   see  Het  whittle. 

Hat,  g.  (aat).  Hot,  c,  sw.  (aut  ; 
uot) — Did  hit. 

Efter  biddan  fer  about  liofe  a  scooar  horses 
an  cars,  he  hat  on  yan  at  a  varra  low 
price.  Scoap.     p.  217,  line  4. 

Hat  shavs,  c,  sw.  (aat-shaavs). 
Heuds,  c,  E.,  nw.  (iuodz)— The 
two  covering  sheaves  of  a  corn 
stook. 

Hatus  :   see  Yan. 

Haugh  :  see  Holme. 

Haunted,  g.  (aant.it)  —  To  be 
haunted  to  a  place  is  to  be  accus- 
tomed to  it,  said  principally  in 
reference  to  cattle. 

Havrel,  c,  e.,  n.  (aav.E'U'l).  Hov- 
rel,  c,  n.  (hauv.r'U'l) — A  foolish 
fellow,  half-wit. 

A  wutless  bit  hav'ril,  a  conceited  yape. 
Rayson — Charlie  M'Glen.    Stz.  1. 

Havver,  g.  (aav.U'R') —  Senseless 
talk. 

Ah  haven't  time  t'  waste  in  havers, 
Whativer  ye  hev. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    II. ,  p.  172,  line  4. 

— To  babble,  to  prate,  to  speak  with- 
out thinking. 

Let's  a  done  wi'  a'  this  .  .  .  whispering  an' 
havering.        Todhunter's.   p.  277,  line  16. 

Havver,  c,  sw.,  e.  (aav.U'R'). 
Woats,  n.,  e.  (wauts)— Oats. 

Butter,  cheese,  an'  havver  bread. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  56,  line  8. 
Now  aw  began  to  talk  at  yence. 

Ov  naigs  and  kye,  an  wots  an  rye. 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  8. 


Havver  bannocks,  g. — Thick  cakes 
made  of  oatmeal. 
Their  bread  was   clap-keakk,  meadd   o' 
barley  meal, 
Or  hard  havver  bannock  so  thick. 

Cumbeiana.    p.  238,  line  13. 

Havver  girse,  G-euse  girse,  c, 
e.,  nw.  Duck  havver,  Geuse 
cworn,  e.,  nw. — Soft  Brome  grass 
—  Bromus  mollis.  See  Button 
twitch. 

Havy  skavy,  c.,ec.(hae.vi-skae.vi). 
Hevy  skevy,  ns.,e.(hev.i-skev.i) 
— All  in  confusion. 

Now  heevy  skeevy  off  they  set 
To  th'  kurk,  a  merry  crew. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  17. 

Household  goods  piled  havey-skavey  in 
the  middle  of  the  floor. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  46,  line  10. 

Haw,  g.  (au).  Cat  haw.  Haa,  sw. 
(haa) — The  fruit  of  the  white 
thorn —  Cratcegiis  Oxycantha, 

There's  a  good  crop  o'  cat-hos  ta  year  .  .  . 
it'll  be  a  hard  winter.    E.D.D. 

A  haw  year,  a  snaw  year.    Saying. 

Hawkie,  g.  (au.ki).  Hokey. — A 
bull  or  cow,  red  or  black,  but 
which  has  a  white  face  and  head. 
Extinct  1857. 

Saul  o'  t'  Ho,  wad  talk  aboot  nowt  bit 
Lampla'  hokey  bulls. 

Cumbriana.    p.  9,  line  10. 

Formerly  they  had  an  inferior  breed  of 
cattle  in  Swindale,  near  Shap,  and  the 
term  "  Swindale  hawkie  "  continues  to 
this  day  as  applicable  to  a  person  of  in- 
ferior mental  capacity.  The  old  long 
horned  breed  had  many  of  them  white 
faces,  as  I  well  remember  seeing  them 
on  Rosley  hill  more  than  60  years  ago 

(W.H.). 
And  Dick  ran  on  before, 

Wi'  hawkie  in  a  string. 

Gilpin— Songs.    Lonsdale,    p.  15,  line  9. 


158 


Hawks,  c,  sw.  (haaks).  Howks, 
E.,  nw. — Urticaria  in  pigs  only,  | 
"bleb"  when  occurring  in  cattle 
(T.  Hewetson,  Brampton).  Other  prac- 
titioners inform  me  that  the  disease 
indicated  by  the  word  is  an  inflam- 
mation of  the  JSiembrana  nietitans 
of  pigs,  whereas  (g.)  it  is  applied 
to  Urticaria  in  cattle  (J.  Bibby,  Drigg ; 
H.  Thompson,  Aspatria ;  J.  Howe,  Keswick) . 

(nw.)  "  In  cattle,  more  commonly 
known  here  as  Blains,  and  seen 
about  eyes,  ears,  neck  and  vulva, 
and  other  parts  of  thickened  skin ; 
in  the  horse  the  attack  comes  on 
suddenly  and  appears  as  elastic 
patchy  swellings  all  over  the 
body"  (J.H.). 

Hawk't,  g.  Twin't,  sw.  (twaeint). 
Twing't,  c.  (t win j t)— Suffering 
from  the  disease  Hawks. 

Hawky,  sw.,  E.  (hatj.ki)— A  waller's 
or  bricklayer's  stone-hod.  (n.,  ne.) 
The  man  who  carries  the  hod  or 
monkey. 

What  was  he  ony  way  ? — nobbut  a  hawky, 
settin  hissel  oop !      R.W. 

Hawse,  G.  (auz) — A  narrow  moun- 
tain pass  or  neck  between  two 
valleys ;  the  gullet. 
Towards  the  hawse  leading  into  Matter- 
dale.  Flora,  p.  262. 
Bit  twae  or  three  let-down's  o'  yell 
Soon  set  their  hawses  free. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 

Hay  ?  G.  (ae) — What  did  you  say  ? 

Hay  bay,  g. — Disturbance ;  uproar. 
"  But  nay  "  sez  I  "  if  wantin'  t'  heid,  she 
raises  sec  a  rout, 
I'd  like  to  see  what  way  she  takes  to 
fetch  sec  haybays  oot." 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.  Stz.  7. 
I  gev  a  laal  bit  iv  a  shoo,  an'  theer  was  sek 
a  hay-bay  as  ye  niver  hard  i'  yer  life. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  72,  line  10. 

Hay  bote,  G. — The  right  of  cutting 
a  specified  quantity  of  hay-grass 
from  the  property  of  another. 


Hay  creuk,  G. — A  rod  with  a  barb  at 
its  end;  this  implement  is  pushed 
into  a  hay-stack  and  withdraws  a 
sample  of  hay.  Metaphorically 
used  to  described  a  long,  lank, 
greedy  man. 

We'd  haycruiks,  an'  hen-tails,  an'  han- 
niels.    Anderson — CodbeckWedg.  Stz.  5. 

That's  a  cruikt  un'     I  think  it's  leyke  a 

HAY-CRUICK. 

Billy  Brannan.    p.  5,  line  15. 

Hay  gang,  c,  nw. — The  gang-way 
leading  from  the  barn  or  hay  loft 
to  the  cow  stalls. 

Hay  green  :  see  Booin. 

Hayness,  c,  sw.  (ae.nu's) — Extra- 
ordinary. 
"  Hayness  fine  " ;   "  Hayness  dirty." 

Ah  was  wokent  up  be  a  hayness  ruck- 
shin  gaan  forret  ower  me  heid. 

SCOAP.     p.  2fJ0,  line  3. 

Haysel,  c.  (ae.su'l) — Hay-time. 

Yan  o'  t'  measte  important  seasons  o'  t' 

year  wid  t'  farmer  was  haysel  or  hay  time. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  17.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Hazed,  g.  (aezt).  Hoazt.  c,  sw. 
(auzt) — Hoarse. 

Bellart  an  rooart  at  them  ten  be  whyet, 
till  he  was  hoazt       Scoap.    p.  147,  line  10. 

Heaf,  g.  ([h]eeaaf)  — The  part  of 
the  mountain  or  moor  on  which 
any  flock  is  accustomed  to  depas- 
ture. The  Herdwick  always  keeps 
to  its  heaf,  and  resents  the  intru- 
sion of  any  stranger;  "Where 
the  lamb  sucks,  there  it  will  be  " 
is  a  saying  which  refers  to  the 
above  fact. 

Witness  and  his  partners  had  a  fell  ukaf 
adjoining  that  of  the  accused. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

The  heaves  or  pastures  of  mountain  sheep 
farms.  Wrestling,    p.  12,  line  7 


159 


—Of  sheep,  to  cling  to  the  same 
spot.  Hence,  people  who  cling  to 
their  home  or  birth-place,  are  said 
to  heaf  themselves  to  it. 

Ellwood.    p.  76. 

So,  Miss  —  you  have  come  to  see  your 
sister  heafed.  Fells,    p.  371. 

Heaf  gangan' ,  c,  sw,  E.    Hefted, 

n,  e.  (heft.id) — Hefted  sheep  are 
mountain  sheep  let  along  with  a 
farm  and  depastured  on  a  particu- 
lar part  of  the  common  or  fell 
termed  their  heaf. 
T  heaf-gaan  sheep,  wey,  he  turn't  t' 
hooke  o'  them  ower  teh  Ned  Nelson. 

Scoap.    p.  144,  line  9. 

Heal   watter,   G.  (iaal)— An   ex- 
tremely heavy  rainfall. 
It  leuckt  raiyder  mair  like  a  heaam  shooer, 
an  nut  just  heaal  watter  cumman  slap 
doon  ontah  yan  eh  gegginfuls. 

Scoap.    p.  200,  line  9. 

Heam  comin',  g.  (iaam) — Return- 
ing. 

"I   whope    thou'll    hev   a  hearty    heam 
comin'." 

Heam  teuny,  e. — A  stronghold  or 
place  of  security.     Obs. 

Heart  abeun,  G.— Always  hoping, 
never  despairing. 
"He  hez  a  sair  tue  on  't,  bit  he's  heart 

ABEUN  Still." 

Hear  tell,  g. — To  hear  of  or  about ; 
hear  by  report. 

Dud  ye  ivver  hear  tell  iv  auld  Willie 
Cooband  ?       Richardson,  1st.   p.  44,  line  1. 

Hearten,  g.  (aa.rtu'n) — To  com- 
fort, to  encourage. 
An'  few  cud  whyet  hod  the'r  feet 
When  Ben  strack  up  his  heartenin'  reels. 
Gibson — Ben  Wells.    Stz.  3. 

Reach  doon  ma  fiddle  and  gie  's  a  bit  tien 

tO  HEARTEN  US  Up. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  31,  line  9. 

Hearth  keak :   see  Thar'  keak. 


Heartsome,   g.   (aa.R'TSU'm)  — 
Lively,  cheerful,  pleasant. 
Eigh !  Branthet  Neuk's  a  heartsome  spot 
i'  t'  sunny  time  o'  year. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  1. 

Let's  creep  owre  the  heartsome  turf  ingle. 

Anderson — The  days  that  are  geane. 

1820.      Stz.  1. 

Heart's  wind,  c,  Ws. — At  the  very 

top  speed. 

"  They  wrought  at  heart's  wind  o'   t' 

day." 
Heatherbleat :  seeHammerbleat. 

Heatherpillar,  nc.  —  Contraction 
of  Heather  caterpillar,  applied  to 
larvae  of  the  Emperor  moth  — 
Saturnia  pavonia.     F.D. 

Heck,  g.  (ek) — A  half-door,  a  small 
gate  ;  a  rack  for  hay.     "  Bark  at 
t'  heck  " — a  compulsory  waiting. 
An  iron  heck  with  bars  about  five  inches 
apart  was  fixed  to  the  bridge. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Aug.  31.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Heckberry :   see  Eggberry. 

Heck-board:  see  Car  end- 
bwoard. 

Heck  nor  ree,  g. — Words  used  by 
a  carter  to  guide  his  horse  to  the 
left  or  right;  Obs.  An  obstinate 
person  or  beast  will  "nowderHECK 
nor  ree  "  ;  ree  is  a  form  of  gee. 

'Twas  neither  heck  nor  ree, 
As  the  fiddler  shog'd  his  knee. 
Gilpin — Songs.   Lonsdale,   p.  15,  line  5. 

Hedder  gray,  Thorn  Hemplin, 
Red   Rump,   Hedder  Linty— 

The  Twite  or  red-rumped  Linnet — 
Llnota  favlrostrls. 

Hedder-feast,  g.  (eddh.U'R'-fiaast) 
Kough-faced,  unshaven. 
He's  nobbet  a  hedder-feac'd  mazlin. 

Anderson — Uncle  Wully.      Stz.  1. 

Hedge  bote,  g. — The  right  of 
getting  hedging  wood  from  the 
property  of  another. 


160 


Hedge  looker — An  official  whose 
duties  are  to  see  that  the  hedges 
on  the  boundary  of  the  common 
are  kept  in  repair  ;  the  appoint- 
ment is  made  at  the  annual  Court 
Leet  of  Lord  Leconfield  for  Was- 
dale  and  Eskdale. 
Hedge  lookers  and  peat  moss  lookers. 

W.C.T.    1899,  May  20.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Hee,  c.  (hee) — A  call  note  for  a 
cur  dog. 
"  Hee  Cwolly,"  "  Hee  Barfoot,"  etc. 

Hie  !  then,  git  away  by,  Sharp — Sharp, 
hie  !  theh,  git  away  by  below. 

Scoap.    p.  22,  line  17. 

Hee  bo  leep,  g. — A  very  old  game 
which  is  thus  played :  sides  are 
chosen  and  stationed  at  opposite 
sides  of  a  building ;  the  ball  is 
thrown  over  the  roof,  and  whoever 
catches  it  runs  round  to  the  other 
side  of  the  building  and  throws  it 
at  the  players  there ;  should  any- 
one be  hit,  he  must  change  sides 
and  return  with  the  thrower,  w.h. 
See  Lee  co\ 

There's  some  are  playing  hie  baw  leep. 
Random  Rhymes,    p.  9,  line  5. 

Heed,  c,  n.,  e.  (eed).  Heead,  sw. 
(eead) — Head ;  the  higher  end  of 
a  place,  as  stair-HEED,  toon-HEED, 
dale-HEED.  Bears  the  same  meaning 
as  hank,  and  consists  of  840  yards 
of  twine  when  the  material  is  fine, 
but  in  fine  stuff'  it  often  contains 
from  10  up  to  20  hanks ;  it  is  used 
as  often  as  hank  by  those  who 
buy  yarn  by  the  bundle,  but  not 
when  they  buy  a  single  hank ;  a 
bundle  of  twine  according  to  fine- 
ness, contains  so  many  heads  to 
the  28  lbs  (J.B.S.). 
Theer  was  a  laal  wholl  in  his  heid,  just 
sec  a  yan  as  mud  be  mead  wi'  a  bodkin. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  97,  line  7. 

Hezzent  t'  foke  rownd  heeads  i'  Kirby  ? 
Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  3. 


Ae  neet  we  met,  at  our  croft  head. 

Anderson — Grizzy.    Stz.  3. 

Theear  was  oald  Ben  Sprott,  at  leevt  up 
toonHEED.         W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  12,  col.  2. 

No  man  can  imagine,  that  twine,  spun  to 
sixty  heads  ...  in  the  dozen  pound 
weight  of  hemp,  should  be  as  effectual  in 
killing  salmon,  as  the  same  hemp  when 
spun  only  to  twenty-six  heads. 

Fisherman,    p.  10. 

Heedam  acrossam,  c,  sw. 
(tj'KR'AUS.U'm)  —  All  in  disorder 
like  hay  and  straw. 

Hee  day  leet,  g. — Broad  daylight. 

It  was  heegh  dayleeght  t'  next  mwornin. 

SCOAP.     p.  242,  line  7. 

Heed  geer,  c,  ws. 

"  He's  gitten  his  heed  geer  " — he  is  so 
injured  that  he  cannot  survive. 

Heedlin',  c,  n.  (ee.dlu'n).  Heead- 
lin',  sw.  (eetj'.dltj'n).  Land  end, 
E. — Head  rig  or  head-land,  or  those 
butts  in  a  ploughed  field  which  lie 
at  right  angles  to  the  general 
direction  of  the  others. 
When  frost  gits  away,  theer  haver  to  sow, 
And  a  heedlin'  o'  hemp  or  line  ; 

Cumbriana.    p.  243,  line  4. 

Heeds  an'  thraws,  G. — Alternately 
heads  and  tails ;  heads  at  one  end, 
feet  at  the  other. 

Lie  heeds  an'  thraws  like  Jock  an'  his 
mither.      Saying. 

Some  heeds  an'  thraws  war  stretch't  i' 
th'  nuik.        Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  48. 

Heedwark,  c,  e.  (waark).  Heed- 
yak,  sw.  (iaak).  Heedyik,  n. 
(iik)  —  Head  ache.  See  Lousy- 
bed. 

My  matey  pleent  sair  of  heidwakk.  an 
wanted  whyetness.    Scoap.   p.  234,  line  14. 

Heegary, g. (heegae.ri).  Fligary. 
c.  (flaaigae.ri).  Flee-gary,  n., 
nw.  (fligae.ri) — A  high  temper, 
rage,  passion ;  a  disturbance ;  a 
whimsically  dressed  person. 


161 


Heel  ledders,  g. — A  piece  of  thin 
leather  shaped  like  the  posterior 
half  of  a  boot  or  clog  (without  the 
sole)  only  not  quite  so  high ;  these 
were  worn,  fastened  in  front,  over 
the  stocking  so  as  to  preserve  it 
from  the  heavy  wear  of  the  clog. 

Hankutchers,  and  heel-ledders. 

Scoap.    p.  11,  line  3. 

Heemest,  g.  (ee.mu'St)—  Highest. 

Heese :  see  Hoyse. 

Heeve,  g.  (heev)— To  vomit. 

Heft,  G.  (heft) — Haft;  a  pretext, 
deception. 

— c,  sw.,  ec.,b. — To  prevaricate;  (w.) 
to  punish ;  to  vex  (J.s.). 
He  did  heft  him.      L.A. 

Hefted :  see  Heaf  gangan'. 

Hefter,  g.  (hef.tthu'R') — An  effec- 
tive speech  or  operation ;  anything 
large;  used  to  express  the  effec- 
tive disposing,  as  of  an  argument, 
like  "clincher";  (s.w.)  a  romancer 
or  teller  of  incredible  stories. 
"  Thow's  larnt  me  summat  I  duddent  kna 
afooar,  an'  I'se  obleegt  ta  the"  "  ;  but  I 
thowt  ta  mesell,  "  That  is  a  hefter." 

Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  7. 

He f tin',  g.  (ef.tu'n) — A  beating 
with  a  haft  or  shaft. 

Hefty,  g.  (ef.ti)— One  who  uses  a 
haft  well — a  handy  man. 

Heg :  see  Seg. 

Hein— Be  off!  (Obs.) 

Heir,  g.  (aer5)— To  inherit. 

Dum'  folk  heirs  nae  Ian'.      Saying. 

Helle  (el) — To  pour  rapidly.     Obs. 

Till  gash  went  the  sickle  into  my  hand  : 
Down  hell'd  the  bluid. 

Relph — Harvest,     p.  2,  line  8. 

Hell  sweep,  c.  Hail  sweep,  c. 
(el;  ael).  Hell  spinner,  wc. 
Hell  sweeper,  nw.    Midge,  sw. 

— The  common  gn.dX—Culex2ripiens, 

L 


whose  bite  is  most  severe  just 
before  rain.     See  Midge. 

Helm  bar,  e. — A  lesser  cloud  which 
seems  to  resist  the  progress  of  the 
Helm  wind. 

It  must  have  been  the  helm-wind  for 
sure  ;  yet  I  cannot  mind  that  I  saw  the 

HELM-BAR. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  102,  line  11. 

Helm  wind,  e.  (elm-wind)  —  An 
atmospheric  phenomenon  preva- 
lent on  Crossfell.  It  is  the  result 
of  air  rushing  down  the  west 
(Eden  Valley)  side  of  the  range, 
after  having  come  up  the  east 
(Alston)  side  in  a  much  drier  con- 
dition. The  descending  air,  being 
heavy,  comes  down  very  rapidly, 
and  it  is  probably  its  coming  in 
contact  with  the  hot  air  below 
that  produces  the  roar  associated 
with  the  Helm  Wind.  A  rebound 
afterwards  takes  place,  and  the  air 
is  pressed  upwards,  laden  with 
moisture,  and  becomes  visible  in 
the  form  of  the  Bar  some  little 
distance  from  the  fell  top. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  July  27.    p.  5,  col.  14. 

A  rolling  cloud,  sometimes  for 
three  or  four  days  together,  hovers 
over  the  mountain  tops,  the  sky 
being  clear  in  other  parts.  This 
helm  is  not  dispersed  or  blown 
away  by  the  wind,  but  continues 
in  its  station  although  a  violent 
roaring  hurricane  comes  tumbling 
down  the  mountain,  ready  to  tear 
up  all  before  it ;  then,  on  a  sudden, 
ensues  a  profound  calm ;  and  then 
again  alternately  the  tempest, 
which  seldom  extends  into  the 
country  above  a  mile  or  two  from 
the  bottom  of  the  mountain. 

Nicholson  and  Burn — West,  and  Cumb. 

I.    p.  7. 

There  is  much  of  the  whirlwind 
character  in  the  blasts,  when  cocks 
of  hay  will  be  suddenly  lifted  aloft, 


162 


and  as  suddenly  let  drop  to  the 
ground.     J.  Ar. 

When  the  staunch  troop,  with  travel  sore, 

Passed  up  within  the  Helm-cloud's  veil, 

And  'scaped  the  blast — yet  heard  its  roar. 

Echoes — The  Packhorse  Bell.   p.  87,  line  1. 

Helply,  c,  e.,  n.  (elrli)— Helpful. 

A  gud  temper't  swort  ov  a  chap  he  was, 
ta  be  sure  ;  helply  amang  t'  nabours. 

Betty  "Wilson,    p.  5,  line  3. 

Helpsum',  c,  n.,  nw.  (elp.su'm) — 
Ready  and  willing  to  help. 

Helse,  c,  sw.  (els)— A  rope  to  loop 
round  a  horse's  neck  in  place  of  the 
more  elaborate  halter.     Obsolesc. 

Helter,  g.  (el.tthu'R') — Halter. 
Helter  for  helter.  Amongst  the 
lowest  class  of  horse-dealers  this 
term  denotes  an  exchange  of  horses 
without  any  money  passing. 

He  went  to  fetch  t'  auld  meer  ya  day, — 

It  was  a  reet  good  brek  ; — 
When  wi'  his  helter  he  gat  theer, 
He  cuddent  reach  t'  yat  sneck. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  73,  line  4. 
—To  halter. 

Thoo  thinks  to  catch  an'  helter  hur. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  79,  line  3. 

Helter  skelter,  g. — In  hurry  and 
confusion,  disorderly. 
Than  t'  udder  aw  went  helter-skelter 
efter  't  doon  t'  rwoad. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  94,  line  4. 

Hemp  dub,  g. — A  small  pond  used 
for  steeping  green  hemp. 

Hemplin,  g.  (emp.lin)  ;  Whin  h.  ; 
Whin  gray — Brown  Linnet — 
Llnota  cannabina.  On  the  Borders 
Hemplin  refers  to  Hedge  sparrow 

(H.M.). 

Hempton,  nw.  (emp.tu'n) — A  suc- 
cession of  fairs,  principally  for 
horses,  held  at  Carlisle  between 
the  first  of  October  and  Martinmas. 

Carlisle  Head  Hempton   .   .   .  The  second 

of  the  October  fairs  was  held  on  Saturday. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Oct.  29.    p.  6,  col.  4. 


Hempy,  n.  (hemp.i)— A  mischievous 
character,  one  who  bids  fair  to  de- 
serve hanging.    Mischievous. 
"  Eh,  but  she's  a  hempie  is  yon  yen."   W.H. 

Hen  bokes,  g.— The  attic  of  a  shed 
where  poultry  are  accustomed  to 
roost. 

Hench,  g.  (ench)  — A  term  in 
wrestling  which  has  fallen  into 
disuse  among  modern  wrestlers; 
it  is  the  equivalent  of  the  "half- 
buttock."  The  wrestler  turns  in 
as  for  a  "buttock"  and  pulls  his 
opponent  across  his  haunch  in- 
stead of  over  his  back  as  in  the 
"buttock." 

He  was  an  excellent  striker  with  the 
right  leg,  effective  with  the  hench,  and 
clever  also  at  hyping. 

Wrestling,    p.  142,  line  7. 

— To  throw  by  a  jerk  from  the  haunch 
or  hip. 

Hencoor,  c,  n.  Hen  cawwer,  sw. 
To  cower  or  sit  down  as  the  hen 
sits ;  to  sit  on  the  haunches  as 
pitmen  do  in  mines. 

Hen  drunks  :  see  Cock  drunks. 

Hen  hardy,  g. — The  white  female 
three-spined  Stickleback  (g.d.). 

Hen  pen,  c,  e.,  sw.  Horse  pen,  c. 
Shepherd's  Purse,  w. — The 

Yellow  -  rattle  plant  —  Rhinanthus 
crista-galli.      Also    (SW.)    Caww 

wheat  (e.d.d.). 

Hen  scarts,  e. — A  peculiar  form  of 
cloud  indicating  wind. 

Hen  shun,  c,  sw.,  nc— Cloth  shoes 
put  on  the  feet  of  poultry  to  pre- 
vent them  scratching  in  gardens. 

Hensigem,  c.  (en.sigu'm)  —  The 
township  and  village  of  Hensing- 
ham.  A  Hensigem  fortune  (one 
hundred  years  ago),  was  a  pair  of 
pattens  and  a  white  apron. 

Hen  silver,  e. — Money  begged  at 
the  church  door  after  a  wedding. 


163 


Amongst  the  strange  customs  practised 
.  .  .  was  that  of  firing  over  the  house 
of  a  newly-wedded  couple  on  the  night 
after  marriage.  ...  On  these  occasions 
the  firing  party  expected  a  present  which 
was  termed  hen  silver. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Sept.  18.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Hent,  G.  (ent)— To  plough  up  the 
bottom   furrow   between    ridges. 
Also  to  take,  to  hold. 
But  as  I  am,  I'll  rest  content, 
To  something  rub  or  sideway  hent 
A  character  in  plain  black  prent. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  145,  line  7. 

Hentails,  g.  —  The  name  formerly 
given  to  the  coarse  worthless  Mat- 
grass — Nardus  stricta ;  a  worthless 
person. 

We'd  hay-cruiks,  an  hentails,  an  hanniels. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.    Stz.  5. 

Her :  see  She. 

Herdwick,  c,  sw.  (uor'D.wik) — 
The  mountain  sheep  of  Cumber- 
land. The  Rev.  T.  Ellwood  con- 
siders that  they  were  introduced 
into  the  county  during  the  period 
when  the  Norwegians  first  formed 
a  settlement,  i.e.  during  the  migra- 
tions caused  by  the  oppression  of 
Harald  Fairhair,  in  the  9th  and 
10th  Centuries.  The  local  tradi- 
tion that  these  sheep  were  saved 
from  the  wreck  of  a  Norwegian 
vessel  is  not  trustworthy. 

"  He  breaks  bands  like  a  herdwick  tip  " 
is  a  proverbial  saying  I  have  heard  applied 
to  a  rustic  scape-grace.       Gibson.  .  p.  181. 

"  What  were  the  sheep  you  bought  ?  " 
Plaintiff :   "  Herdwick  hoggs." 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Feb.  8.      p.  3,  col.  6. 

Hereaway,  g.  (eer'.U'WAe) — In  this 
neighbourhood. 

Ye  ken  as  much  as  most  ither  lasses  here- 
aways.  Pearl  in  Shell,   p.  77,  line  20. 

Here's  t'  ye,  G. — Said  to  a  friend 
when  drinking  his  health. 

L2 


Herling  (hurling),  Whiting, 
Pink,  n. — The  word  whiting  is 
peculiar  to  Carlisle  and  district; 
there  is  a  great  doubt  still  exist- 
ing as  to  whether  it  is  a  distinct 
fish  or  only  the  grilse  stage  of  the 
salmon-trout  —  Salmo  trutta;  the 
fish  is  common  to  most  rivers  con- 
taining sea-trout,  and  runs  up  the 
Eden  in  large  numbers,  but  never 
very  far  up,  having  been  hatched 
during  the  May  of  the  previous 
year ;  the  ova  are  deposited  90  to 
95  days  before  that  in  some  of  the 
tributary  streams  (J.  b.  Slater,  of  the 
Fishery  Board).  The  prefix  "Silver" 
distinguishes  the  ordinary  Whiting 
—  Gadns  meriting  us,  from  the  river 
"Whiting.  See  Float  whiting. 
A  net  was  drawn  ashore,  and  two  took 
out  of  it  twelve  herling  or  whiting. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Aug.  25.    p.  3,  col.  5. 

Heronsew,  c,  e.,  sw.  (er'.U'NSIoo). 
Joan-na-ma- crank,  c.  (jau.nu'- 
mu'kraank).  Herrinsho,  c,  n. 
(her.u'nshau).  Jacky  Crane. 
Lang-neck,  ec.  Lang  necked 
Nanny,  WW.  Jinny  Lang  neck, 
C. — Heron — Ardea  cinerem. 
Thou's  gitten  sec  a  par  o'  shanks  !  I've 
seen  many  a  heron-sew  on  our  fell  edge 
wid  a  better  pair  !        Cumbriana.    p.  291. 

The  .  .  .  Borrowdale  vernacular,  which 
calls  a  heron  Joan-na-ma-crank. 

Lake  Country,    p.  66,  line  1. 

When  just  wi'  that  a  kestrel  hawk 
A  dart  at  Jenny-lang-neck  mead. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  26,  line  9. 

Our  food  till  now  was  good  and  cheap ; 

Poor  JACKY  CRANES ! 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  160,  line  2. 

Her  pie,   c,   e.,  nw.   (uor'.pu'l). 
Hurple,  n.,  sw.  (hur'.pu'l) — 
To  walk  lame  or  tenderly  as  when 
afflicted  with  corns ;  to  limp. 
Hirpling  fast  on  lyfe's  down-hill. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.    Stz.  20. 


164 


"Tatter"  mud  a  bitten  t'  oald  scheul- 
maister  gayly  sair  teuh,  for,  thoo  knoas, 
he  hurplt  aboot  t'  scheul  a  gud  lock  o' 
days  efter.  Scoap.    p.  3,  line  24. 

Gev  him  a  real  gud  whezzlin  wid  a  hezel 
woaking  stick.  T'  chap  herpelt  aboot  for 
days  efter.         W.C.T.H.  1893.   p.  10,  col.  2. 

Herring,  or  Mackerel  Guide ; 
G-tiardnsh,  nw. —  Gar-fish  — 
Belone  vulgaris.     H.M. 

He  spin,  sw.  (hesp.in)— A  close- 
fisted  person,  a  miser,     t.e. 

Hest,  nw.  (est) — A  horse.    Ellwood. 

Het  feut,  c,  sw.,  e. — In  a  great 
hurry. 

Ah  met  em  gaan  doon  het  feutt  ...  he 
sed  he  hedn't  a  minnet  teh  work  on. 

Scoap.    p.  131,  line  6. 

Het  trod,  c,  n. — In  close  pursuit. 
"  He  follo't  the  reivers  on  the  het  trod." 

The  chase  carried  on  in  hot  trod  with 
hounds.     C.Patr.   1898,  Oct.  21.   p.  7,  col.  6. 

Het  whittle,  e.,  nc.  (hwit.U'iA 
Hasty  whittle,  sw.  (aes.tij. 
Het  whissel,  nw.  nc— An  iron 
skewer  heated  red  hot,  for  the 
purpose  of  burning  a  hole  through 
a  piece  of  wood. 

Hends :   see  Hat-shavs. 

Heugh,  n.,  e.  (hiuogh)— A  dry 
well;  a  grassy  ravine  without 
water.  A  place  name  —  Heugh's 
Town. 

Heuk,  g.  ([h]iuok)— Hook  ;  a  reap- 
ing hook. 
He  bowt  hoaf-a-duzzen  lal  fish  heuks. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  159,  line  11. 

Armed  wid  a  sickle  or  a  heuk. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

—To  hook ;  to  grab,  seize  hold  of. 
She  heuks  his  lugs  wid  yah  fist  an'  a 
kebby  wid  t'  udder  an'  gaes  for  him  pell- 
mell.  W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

I  heukt  a  stob  and  lost  my  strop  and  iver 
so  mickle  tackle.    Cumbriana.  p.  221,  line  2. 


Heuk,  g.  (iuok).  Tuck.  Hough, 
EC,  nc.  (auf)— The  hip  of  a  man, 
or  beast. 

Nin  eh  yer  whamp-waistit  dolleys  .  .  . 
(wih)  girt  bags,  stufft  weh  nowt,  on  ther 
heucks.  Scoap.    p.  17,  line  11. 

Ah's  as  sair  as  sair  aboot  t'  hoffs  wi' 
mowin.  Pen.  Obs.    Feb.  1. 

Heup,  g.  (iuop)— Hoop ;  a  six-quart 
measure,  formerly  made  of  a  broad 
wooden  hoop ;  quarter  of  a  Carlisle 
bushel. 

He  peel'd  fer  his  sel  a  full  heup  an  a  hawf, 
An  drank  what   wad  mek  us  beath 

peuk,  min. 
Anderson — The  Kurn-winnin.   Stz.  4. 

He  telt  me  it  was  a  fashion  to  weer  huips. 
Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  130,  line  11. 

Heusins,  c,  EC.  (iuoz.uns)  —  The 
husks  of  nuts. 

Ah  coh  across  sum  eh  thur  girt  fur-apple 
things  .  .  .  wih  heuzzins  o'  them  stickan 
oot  oa  roond  like  deid-horse-heucks  for 
size.  Scoap.    p.  232,  line  18. 

Heutle :  see  Whewtle. 

Heutty-back,  c.  (hiuot.i-back)— 
Crooked  or  hump-backed. 
T'  laal  heuttyback  rowlt  his  een  aboot 
fra  t'  yah  side  teh  t'  tudder. 

Scoap — p.  183,  line  3. 

Heuz,  c,  n.,  e.  (hiuoz).    Hoose, 
sw.  (ooz)— A  dry  cough. 
That  coo  hez  a  nasty  muz  wi 't ;  it's  a  bit  o' 
turnip  i'  t'  throat.     Pen.  Obs.   1893,  Feb.  15. 

Heuz — To  cough. 

He  huizt,  cought,  an  laught. 

Anderson — Aul  Ben.    Stz.  7. 

Hev,  g.  — "Ah  hev  tha  noo"  — I 
comprehend.     See  in  Preface. 

Hev  at,  g. — To  set  to.     A  mower 
said  to  his  grass — 
"  Tea  and  whay  (whey)  a  feckless  day  ! 

An'  will  n't  pay  I'll  bet  a  crown  ; 
But  beef  and  breid,  hev  at  thy  heid, 
And  good  Strang  yal,  an'  I'll  swash 
thee  down." 


165 


Hezzle,  g.  (ez.ul).  Hizzel,  n. 
(hiz.U'l) — To  beat  or  thrash  with 
a  stick. 

"  I'll  hezzle  thee." 

Gev  him  a  real  gud  whezzlin  wid  a  hezel 

woaking  stick.    W.C.T.H.  1893.  p.  10,  col.  2. 

Hezzle  mowd,  g.  —  The  fine 
powdery  soil  found  about  the  roots 
of  the  hazel.  Sick  cattle  are  fond 
of  this  soil  when  recovering. 

Hidin',  c,  sw,  e.  (aai.din).  Hey- 
din',  nw.  (haei.din) — A  thrash- 
ing, beating  given  by  father  to  son. 
Fadder  '11  mebbee  give  hem  a  hiding  or 
mebbee  he  '11  nobbult  welt  him. 

W.C.T.H.     1894.     p.  12,  col.  4. 

Hidlins,  g.  (id.linz) — In  hidlins — 
in  hiding  or  in  secret. 
A  man  was  in  hidlins  in  the  mysterious 
room.  Cumbriana.    p.  141,  line  4. 

I've  lang  in  hidlins  leyked  him  weel. 

Brown,    p.  93,  line  9. 

Hiffle,  c,  (if.tj'l).  Heffle,  sw.,  e. 
(ef.U'l).  Haffle,  n.,  e.  (haaf.U'l) 
— To  be  undecided,  prevaricate. 
She  has  fettled  the  things  in  the  house 
over  and  over  again,  and  she  has  if  t  and 
haffled  over  everything. 

Hagar.    II.    p.  a3,  line  6. 

Asteed  a  payan  om  meh,  adoot  enny  mair 
hifflin.  Scoap.    p.  110,  line  12. 

Hight  (a ait)  — To  promise  (not 
known  to  correspondents). 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  65. 

Hills   agean   slacks,    g. — To   set 

hills  against  slacks  is  to  equalize 
matters  by  giving  and  taking. 

Hinder  en',  c,  Ws.  (in.ddhu'R'-en). 
Hin'  en',  n.  (hin-en)— Refuse  or 
light  corn  blown  out  by  the  win- 
nowing machine  ;  the  end  or  last 
part. 

Me  teh  trail  t'  chain,  an  him  teh  be  fooar- 
man  an  carry  t'  hinnder-end  on  't. 

Scoap.    p.  79,  line  5. 


When  a  farmer  hed  a  lal  lock  o'  hinder- 
ends  wheat  to  grund  he  pot  it  intill  a  bag. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  15.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Hinder som',  c,  Ws.  (in.ddhu'R'SU'm) 
— Retarding,  hindering. 

Hine,  G.  (aain) — Hind ;  a  manager 
of  an  off-lying  farm. 
Nanny  and  her  hind  went  to  lait  corn. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  294. 

But  equals  seem'd  the  squire  and  heynd. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  13. 

Hine-berries,  c.,sw.  (haain-ber'Iz). 
Ang-b.,  c.  Angle-b.,  n.,  nw. 
(aang.U'l)— Excrescences  on  the 
under  parts  of  cattle  resembling 
raspberries  or  hineberries ;  also 
called  Wrens.     See  Rasp. 

The  sore  was  what  was  commonly  called 
a  ra yne.     C.  Patr.  1899,  Feb.  17.  p.  2,  col.  4. 

Hing,  c.,w.,  n,  nw. — The  male  salmon 
— Salmo  salar. 

Hingan',  g. — Hanging,  sloping.  A 
hingan  field,  or  hingan  ground  is 
one  on  the  side  of  a  hill. 

Here's  a  rare  bit  o'  hingin  ground,  divvnt 
haud  her!  let  her  gan.    J.  Ar. 


Yon  rich  hingin  cworn-fields. 
Echoes — Brokken  Statesman. 


Stz.  1. 


Hing  in  t'  bell  reap  :  see  Ax'  at 
Church. 

Hing  lock,  g. — A  padlock. 

Fitted  wid  a  Strang  dooar  an'  a  hing  lock. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  April  20.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Found  the  defendant  standing  there  "very 

crazed  like,"  with  a  hang-lock  in  his  hand. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Sept.  30.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Hing  on,  G. — To  continue ;  to  stick 
to. 

Hing-pillick,  c,  sw.,  ne.— An  ex- 
pression applied  to  a  slinky,  slouch- 
ing person,     j.b. 

Hing  the  lug,  g.  — To  be  crestfallen. 

An  send  t'  lad  back  tull  his  beuck  hingen 
his  lugs  war  ner  iver.    Scoap.  p.  2,  line  10. 


166 


Hingy,  G.  (ing.i).  Hangy,  nc.— 
Poorly,  dull  through  incipient  ill- 
ness. 

"Fadder's  o'  hingy  to-day  and  nin  reet  at 
o'." 

Ah's  hingy  an  twiny  an'  feckless  an  oot 
o'  fettle.    Dr  Barnes. 

Hinmest  o'  three,  c,  EC.  Hinder- 
mest  o'  three,  b. — A  game  played 
on  village  greens. 

Hinny :  see  Honey. 

Hipe,  g.  (aaip) — A  term  in  wrest- 
ling, when  the  opponent  is  lifted 
off  the  ground  and  swung  round 
to  the  right  (left),  at  the  same 
time  the  inside  of  his  right  (left) 
thigh  is  struck  by  the  left  (right) 
knee,  and  he  is  thrown  by  the  hip. 

There  are  two  forms  of  the  hipe, 
the  "standing"  and  the  "swing- 
ing "  ;  this  last  consists  of  a  quick 
swing  off  the  breast  once  round, 
or  nearly  so,  and  then  a  turn  over 
the  knee  inside  the  thigh. 

Wrestling,    p.  178,  line  1. 

In  the  third  round  S —  threw  M —  after 
a  tight  bout  with  the  inside  hipe.  In  the 
next  tussle  J —  passed  S —  by  means  of 
the  outside  hipe. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  May  26.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Givan  then  a  lessin  in  t'  furst  step  eh 
swing-en  hipe.  Scoap.    p.  102,  line  13. 

— To  perform  the .  manoeuvre  as  de- 
scribed above. 

Give  him  a  sudden  click — "kind  o  bear 

hkn  off  his  feet " — and  then  lift  and  hype. 

Wrestling,    p.  46,  line  6. 

Hippins,  g.(ip.lnz) — Infants'  under- 
clothing. 

T  fella  at  ah  hed  noo  afooar  meh  waddent 

be  far  oot  o  hippins  when  ah  left  heaam. 

Scoap.    p.  6,  line  15. 

Hiring,  g. — The  fair  or  market  at 
,  which  country  servants  are  hired. 
Certain  streets  are  generally  de- 
voted to  this   purpose,  the   men 


standing  with  a  straw   in   their 
mouths  on  one  side,  the  women 
on  the  other.     See  Brog. 
Suin  at  Carel  I  stuid  wid  a  strae  i'  my 
mouth.      Anderson — Watty,  p.  14,  col.  2. 

Hisk,  c,  sw.  (isk)— To  gasp ;  used 
with  reference  to  the  difficulty  a 
person  experiences  in  breathing 
on  plunging  into  a  cold  bath,  or 
to  children  sobbing. 
He  was  eh  t'middle  of  a  fit  eh  sum  mak, 
...  an  hisken  fer  wind. 

Scoap.    p.  235,  line  15. 

Draggt  lad  in  t'  watter.     He  hisk't  when 
he  went  in.       Forness  Folk.    p.  6,  line  6. 

Hitch,  g. — An  impediment,  a  break; 
a  hop  or  spring  from  one  foot. 
See  Lowp. 

Hitch-step-an'-loup  some  tried  for  spwort. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  30. 

— To  move  a  chair  without  rising 
from  it;  to  hook  on;  to  hop  or 
spring  from  one  foot. 
He  could  ha'  hitch't  ower  a  flve-bar't  yat 
wi'  just  liggen  ya  hand  on  t'  top  on  't. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  58,  line  3. 

Hitchy-pot,  g.  ([h]ich.i).  Hoppy- 
bed,  g.  (haup.i).  Hitchey-bed, 
nw. — These  terms  apply  to  a  form 
of  the  game  Hop-scotch,  and  in 
some  parts  the  terms  are  synony- 
mous, whereas  in  sw.,  nc.  etc. 
Hoppy-bed  refers  to  a  simple  form 
when  only  five  or  eight  divisions 
are  used ;  Hitchy-pot  being  more 
complicated  requires  ten  divisions, 
the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh 
being  formed  by  sub-dividing  the 
larger  and  central  space  into  tri- 
angles. It  is  not  possible  to  give 
here  a  full  account  of  the  game, 
of  which  there  are  variations  be- 
sides those  referred  to  above,  which 
is  played  with  a  pot. 
Some  are  by  inclination  led, 
To  "skipping  rope"  or  hitchey-bed. 

Random  Rhymes,    p.  9. 


167 


Hit  on,  g.  (it-aun)— To  agree. 

Ah  doan't  know  hoo  it  was,  bit  we  nivver 
hit  on.  W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  13. 

Hits,  mind  one's  —  :  To  embrace 
one's  opportunity.     Obs. 

'Twas  at  a  feast  (whoar  youngsters  mind 
their  hits).  Gilpin — Poetry.  Wilkin- 
son's Death  of  Roger,    p.  204,  line  5. 

Hitten,  g.  (it.U'n)— P.  part,  of  Hit. 
Hitty  missy,  G—  Chance.    The  sign 

of  an  old  inn  at  Pardshaw  was  a 

sportsman   firing  at  a  bird,   and 

"  Hitty  missy,  luck's  o'." 

It  was  aw  hitty  missy,  .  .  .  they  didn't 

oalas  hit  t'  mark. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Hives,  g.  (aaivz)— Varieties  of  a 
skin  disease  called  Lichen  strophulus 
(Dr  Barnes),  (sw.)  "  I  have  seen 
cases  of  chicken-pox,  Urticaria  and 
Impetigo  called  Hives  (Dr  Cass,  Raven- 
glass).  "  Inward  hives  usually  means 
a  condition  of  low  health  accom- 
panied With  diarrhoea  "  (Dr  Knight, 
Keswick). 

Hivy,  G.  (aai.vi)  —  Children  with 
blue  lips  and  general  debility  are 

HIVY. 

Life  there  was  too  hard  and  bleak  for 
hivy  children.    Todhunter's.  p.  259,  line  15. 

Ho,  Hoo,  G.  (hoo)  —  Preliminary 
expletives  used  as  some  use  the 
word  "well." 

Ho,  c,  n.,  e.  (au).  Haa,  sw.  (aa). 
All  wey,  c,  sw.  (aa  waei) — A 
word  used  in  guiding  horses  to  the 
left ;  similar  to  Cumidder  which  is 
obsolete. 

Ah  flnnd  ah  mun  be  fworcet  teh  hoa  ray- 
der,  aboot  an  inch.       Scoap.    p.  5,  line  18. 

Hoald,  c,  e.,  (auld).  Hod  (aud). 
Haald,sw.(AALD).  Had,N.(HAAD) 
Hoddin,  nc.  —  Hold  ;  shelter,  a 
shelter  for  fish  in  a  stream  or  pond ; 
good  covert  for  game. 
"They've  nowder  house  nor  hoald  to 
draw  teah." 


Betty  bucklet  hoald  o'  t'  egg. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  73,  line  4. 

I'll  wirry  't  if  I  git  hald  on  't. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  124,  line  7. 

God  help  them,  widout  house  or  hauld, 
This  dark  an  angry  neet ! 

Anderson — Happy  Family.    Stz.  1. 

Hoalds,  c,  e.  nw.  (aulds;  auds). 
Hauds,  a,  N.,  e.  (auds) — A  wrest- 
ling term  used  when  the  wrestler 
gets  hold  of  his  own  two  hands. 
Hoalds  may  be  "slack"  or  "close." 
It  teaak  a  fella  wid  t'  grip  of  a  danc§n 
bear  teh  keep  Bob  fra  twisten  that  girt 
roond  back  eh  his  oot  eh  hoalds. 

Scoap.    p.  75,  line  7. 

The  appearance  in  the  ring  of  J.  L — ,  a 
tall  long-legged  athlete,  with  his  opponent, 
K — ,  who  is  as  much  under  the  average 
height  as  L —  is  above  it.  When  they 
were  in  hauds  the  comical  sight  provoked 
a  burst  of  laughter. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  June  30.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

Hoast,  c,  sw.  (aust).  Woast,  e. 
(waust) — The  curd  for  cheese  be- 
fore it  is  taken  from  the  whey. 

Hoazt :   see  Hazed. 

Hob -cock,  c,  e.  (aub-kauk).  Fit- 
cock,  nw. — A  small  cock  made  in 
the  early  stages  of  hay-making, 
and  consists  of  about  two  or  three 
forksful  of  hay. 

Hob-thrush,  g.  (atjb-thruosh). 
Robin  Goodfellow,  b. — A  hob- 
goblin having  the  repute  of  doing 
much  useful  work  unseen  and  un- 
heard during  the  night,  if  not 
interfered  with ;  but  discontinuing 
or  doing  mischief  if  crossed  or 
watched,  or  if  endeavours  are 
made  to  coax  or  bribe  him  to  work 
in  any  way  but  his  own.  Grose 
gives  Hob  o'  t'  hurst,  spirit  of  the 
wood. 

Theer  i'  some  oot  o'  t'  way  pleaces  hob- 
thrushes  dud  aw  maks  o'  queer  pranks. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  153,  line  5. 


Another  unearthly  visitant  firmly  believed 
in  in  Cumberland  was  Hob-thross  or  Hob- 
thrush.  Hob  was  generally  seen  lying 
by  the  fire-side  at  nights. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  13,  col.  3. 

Ho-buck,  g.  (au-buok)  — A  noisy 
and  turbulent  young  fellow. 

For  fear  some  hawbuck  tek  't  i'  his  heade 
To  brake  us  weel  for  tarrying. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  39. 

Ho  bye,  Hod  bye,  g.     Had  bye, 

N. — Stand  out  of  the  way. 
Mak  a  ring,  mak  a  ring ;  i  very  body  hob-bye, 
'  and  let's  ha  fairplay .    Scoap.  p.  123,  line  11. 

Hooker,  g.  (auk.U'r)— To  scramble 
awkwardly.     To  bend. 
When  ah'd  gittn  hockert  up  a  lock  o'  girt 
hee  steps.  Scoap.    p.  14,  line  3. 

Hod :  see  Hoald. 

Hodden  gray,  g. — Cloth  made  from 
a  mixture  of  undyed  black  and 
white  wool. 

To  weer  a  cwoat  o'  hodden  grey, 

I'  them  auld  times  was  thowt  neah  sin. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  54,  line  7. 

Hodden,  hard  — ;  sair  — :  G.  (hatjd.- 
U'n) — In  straits  to  accomplish  a 
a  task,  etc. ;  hard  or  sorely  held 
by  sickness,  pains;  (nw.)  said  of 
ground  trodden  down  by  walking. 
Ah  was  hard  hodden  ta  keep  mi  tongue 
atween  mi  teeth,  an'  keep  frae  tellin  mi 
mind.  Pen.  Obs.    Feb.  8. 

Thoo's  maist  as  sair  hodden  as  moother. 
Rise  of  River,    p.  281,  line  3. 

Hoddenly,  g.  (aud.U'NLi)  —  Fre- 
quently, continuously,  without  in- 
terruption. 

"  Does  your  pain  come  and  go  ?  "    "  It  nay- 

der  cums  ner  ga's  ;  it's  there  hoddingly." 

Gibson,    p.  182. 

He's  hoddenly  been  a  gud  husband  to  me. 

Gibson — Runaway  Wedding.  Stz.  5. 

Hodfash,  g.  (aud.faash)— Annoy- 
ance. 

"He's  a  fair  hodfash,  fer  he  niver  lets 
yan  alean." 


Hod  feut  wi',  c.,nw.,n.,e.— To  keep 
up  with  ;  to  equal. 
"  I  can  hod  fit  wi'  that  chap." 

Hod  his  bit,  c,  E.,  Ns. — To  retain 
health,  station,  or  position. 
"  Hoo's  Peggy  ?  "    "  Nobbet  waekly  and 

pinch't  tO  HOD  HER  BIT." 

Hod-in,  g.  (aud-in)— The  plough- 
man's direction  to  his  horse  to 
keep  in  the  furrow. 

Hod  off,  Hop  off,  g.  (aud  auf). 
Hop,  g.  (haup).  Awthet,  nw. 
(au.thut) — A  word  used  in  guid- 
ing horses  to  the  right. 

I  niver  cried  woah,  hop,  or  gee. 

Anderson — Peetcadger.    Stz.  9. 

Bon, ger  on, will  ta; — Dick, hop  up  beath. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  131,  line  12. 

Hod  oot,  g. — The  call  to  the  nar 
plough-horse  when  it  gets  too  far 
from  the  far  horse. 

Hod  pot,  G. — The  one  who  detains 
the  circling  bottle  or  drinking 
vessel. 

Hod  ta  dea,  c,  Ws. — Useless,  or 
troublesome  employment. 

"  It's  fair  hod  ta  dea." 

Hod  te  tail  i'watter,  g. — Perse- 
vere !  stick  to  it !  A  phrase  of 
encouragement,  but  how  origin- 
ated is  not  known.  Perhaps  it 
may  be  that  so  long  as  a  fish  is 
not  completely  out  of  water,  there 
is  hope  for  it. 
To  the  bewlin-green  yen  tuik  me  down, 

Whoar  proud  bits  o'  chaps  er  owre 
chatty ; 
Yen  stoopt  just  as  he  wad  catch  hens  ; 

An  anudder  cried, ':  Hod  tail  o' watty." 
Anderson — Nichol,  Newsmonger.  Stz. 6. 

Hod  yer  whisht,  g.  ;  Hod  thy 
bodder;  Hod  thy  jo. — Be  silent! 

Oh  !  HAUD  YER  WHISHT  !  HAUD  YER  WHISHT, 

Geordie!    Pearl  in  a  Shell,  p.  107,  line  11. 
Hofa :   see  Yan. 


169 


Hofelin,  g.  (auf.lin)— Half-way  ;  a 
simpleton. 
She  nobbet  meade  gem  o'  the  hauflin. 

Songs,    p.  6,  line  7. 

Hofelins,  g.  (auflttns).  Haflins 
(aa.flins) — Half  done,  half  witted, 
half  shares. 

"  When  'tis  carded,  row'd,  and  spun, 
Then  the  work  is  haflins  done," 

Old  Song  of  Tarry  Woo'. 

Hofe  reet,  g. — Half  witted. 

But  Ned  wad  hev  nowt  to  du'  wid  her — 

They  say  'at  she's  nobbut  hawf  reet, 
Gilpin — Songs,  1st.    Baffles  Merry  Neet. 
p.  230,  line  4. 

Hofe-rock't,  c,  e.,  nw. — Feeble, 
weak  minded ;  literally,  imperfectly 
nursed  in  infancy. 
He  was  yan  o'  t'  hafe-rock't  mack,  was 
Winy,  varra  lal  in  him  but  what  was 
putten  in  wid  a  speun. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  23,  line  6. 

Hofe  thick,  g.  not  ne.  (auf-thik). 
Haf  thick,  n,  nw.  (haaf). — A 
half-witted  person ;  a  half-fatted 
beast. 

He'd  just  coa't  me  a  girt  clotheid,  an'  a 
hoaf-thick.  Scoap.    p.  7,  line  15. 

Hog,  g.  (Aug)— A  lamb  for  twelve 
months  after  weaning. 
"  What  were  the  sheep  you  bought  ?  " 
Plaintiff :  "  Four  herdwick  hoggs." 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Feb.  8.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

Hog-a-back :   see  Blue  buttons. 

Hog   gap,   Hog  whol,   G.— A 

covered  opening  in  a  wall  through 
which  sheep  can  pass. 
As  it  wosn't  seaf  ut  let  him  climm  t' 
wo's,  I  meead  him  creep  t'  hog-hooals. 
Gibson— Betty  Yewdale.    p.  75,  line  10. 

Hoggas,  c.  (aug.U's).  Hoggast, 
E. — A  sheephouse;  a  house  for 
wintering  lambs  in  after  weaning. 

Hoggers :   see  Scoggers. 

Hoise,  c.  (auis).  Heese,  sw.,  n., 
e.  (ees). — The  act  of  hoisting. 


Hogget,  g. — A  sheep  more  than 
one  year  old. 

Cross  Down  hoggs  to  27s.  6d.,  cross 
hoggets  to  26s.  6d. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Jan.  27.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

"  Ah'll  let  yeh  see  a  hoise."  Ah  turnt 
in  t'  buttick,  an  fetcht  me  greasy  gentle- 
man reeght  ower  me  heid. 

Scoap.    p.  130,  line  14. 

—To  hoist. 

Hollin,  g.  (aul.in).  Jack  sharp, 
sw.— The  holly. 

Oh  !  man,  aboot  harvest  sec  jwokes  we 

oft  hed, 
When  whinbobs  an'  hollins  we  pot  into 

bed.        Richardson,  2nd.   p.  139,  line  9. 

Holme,  c.,n.,sw.,e.(auwm).  Haugh, 
n.,  e.  (haaf  or  haagh). — Alluvial 
land  by  the  riverside ;  Abbey  Holme, 
Eden  Holme.  An  island  especially 
in  a  lake  or  creek — House  Holm, 
Ling  Holm,  on  Ullswater. 
That  lown-liggin'  onset  by  fair  Eden  side ; 
Aw  its  green  holms  an  ings. 

Powley — Echoes,    p.  148,  line  2. 

Holt  (ault) — A  peaked  hill  covered 
With  WOOd.  Ferguson — Dialect,  p.  181. 
As  a  place-name  (Ellwood). 

Honey,  c,  sw.,  e.  (uon.i).     Hiimy, 
N.  (hin.i)— Honey ;  a  term  of  en- 
dearment. 
Industrious  as  the  hinny  bee. 

Anderson — Adveyce  to  Nanny.   Stz.  1 . 

Whey,  hinney,  if  that's  the  best  thou  hes 
it's  not  worth  the  money. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Honk,c.,E.,sw.([H]AUNK).  Sconk, 
sw.  (skaunk). — An  idle  man. 

Thoo  girt  idle  honk,  thoo. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  8. 

— To  idle  about. 

Honkin  about  yam  when  he  sud  be  at 
wark.  Forness  Folk.   p.  38,  line  1. 

Hooal't :  see  "Whoal't. 


170 


Hoo  goes  it?  g.— A  slang  substi- 
tute for  "How  are  you?"  now 
engrafted  on  the  dialect;  other 
and  more  legitimate  modes  of 
saluting  are  "  Hoo  preuv  ye  ?  " 
"Hoo  fend  ye?"  "Are  ye  gaily? " 
"Are  yemiddlin' weel?  "  "Hoo's 
a'  wi'  ye1?"  etc. 

"  What;  Jwosep !  how  go  ?  " — "  Wey,  blui- 
tert,  an  baizt." 

Anderson — Cursmass  Eve.    Stz.  1. 

Hoolet :  see  Hulert. 

Hoomer  :  see  Oomer. 

Hoond  trail,  g.  (oon-trael).  Dog- 
trail. — A  drag  hunt. 

HOUND  TRAIL.  The  programme  inclu- 
ded a  hound  trail  in  the  morning.  .  .  . 
The  trail  commenced  in  the  Meadip 
Holme,  and  was  laid  around  by  Baton 
Bush.  .  .  .  Only  four  dogs  accomplished 
the  full  length  of  the  trail. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  May  26.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Hoose,  c.,e.,n.(oos).  Hawwse,sw. 
(aaws).  Hooas,  sw.  (hoou's) — 
House  ;  the  apartment  or  living 
room  into  which  the  front  door 
opens.  The  ground  floor  consists 
of  house,  parlour,  kitchen  and  milk- 
house.  See  Heuz. 
T'  hooses  noo-a-days  ur  liker  babby  hooses 
nor  o wte  else.  Richardson,  1st.  p.  60,  line  5. 
Ah  sits  niesel  down  in  t'  frunt  hoose. 

W.C.T.    1898,  May  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Hoose  arse,  w. — The  Sea  Anemone. 

Hoosie,  g.  (oo.si).  Sping  (splng). 
Sprug,  Carlisle  (spr'uog).   House 

sparrow — Punser  domestic  its. 

Fauna,    p.  547. 

Hoosin',  c,  e.  (oo.zu-n)— A  set  of 
buildings. 

Hoot!  Hut!  c.  (oot;  hoot).    Hout 
tout!  n. — Expression  of  dissent, 
or  denoting  contempt. 
Oot  thoo  duzent  clap  thee  thoom  teh  thee 
nwose.  Scoap.    p.  187,  line  16. 


Ye've    fettlet    him,    Becka  !  "     u  Hoot, 
shaff,  nowt  o'  t'  mak,"  says  Becka. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  2. 

Hoo  that !  c. — Why  was  it  so  ? 

Hoozer,  sw.  (hoo.zu'R')  —  Said  of 
anything  unusually  large. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Steele,  Beckermet. 

Ho'  penny  heed  and  a  fardin  tail, 
c. — The  different  parts  do  not  cor- 
respond, one  part  much  better  than 
another. 

Ho'  plaster,  e.,  ne.  (halt  plae.- 
stthu'R')— Plaster  of  Paris. 

Hop  nor  ree  :  see  Jee  nor  woy 
and  Hod  off. 

Hopper,  w.  ([hjaup.U'R')— A  barge 
which  receives  the  mud  from  the 
harbour  dredger  and  takes  it  out 
to  sea. 

The  hopper  which  was  in  tow  of  the  tug. 
W.C.T.    1898,  Oct.  22.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Hoppery,  c,  nc.  (aup.U'R'i).  Skip- 
pery,  sw.  (skip.U'R'i)  —  Said  of 
bacon  and  cheese  when  full  of 
"jumpers."  Also  of  ground  full 
of  hares  and  rabbits,  whilst  "craw- 
ling "  refers  to  a  large  number  of 
game  birds  (J.  ar.). 

Hopple,  g.  (aup.U'l)  —  To  fetter. 
See  Langel. 

Hoppy,  g.  (aup.i)— A  horse,  in  nur- 
sery language. 

HoPPy  be(l :  see  Hitchy-pot. 

Horbled  :  see  Knur't. 

Horndoon,  c.(aur'U'N-doon).  Orn- 
dinner,  n.  (au'R'U'N-din.ur) — A 
lunch  about  ten  in  the  morning. 
Obs.     See  Dowin. 

Horngeld :   see  Cornage. 

Horn  hard,  c. 

"  He  wink't  horn  hard  when  he  fir't  his 
gun." 


171 


Horrock,  c,  s  w.(hur'.U'k)— A  hand- 
ful, collection ;  it  is  used  in  the 
expression  "  a  horrock  o'  beans," 
a  skeleton. 

Horse   "bee,   g.      Horsestang,   c, 

sw.,  wc. — The  great  spotted  horse- 
bot  fly — Gasterophilus  equi.    At  Lor- 
ton,  the  true  Cleg  or  Breeze  fly — 
Tabanus  bovinus  is  called  Horse  Bee 
(W.H.Y.). 

T  horse-bees  com  buzzin'  roond. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  27,  line  3. 

Horse   mu.sh.amer,  g. — The  large 
edible  mushroom. 
Poisoning  from  eating  red  dogberries  and 

HORSE  MUSHROOMS. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Sept.  2.    p.  4,  col.  6. 

Horse  knops  :  see  Hard  heeds. 

Horse  pease — Wood-bitter  Vetch — 
Vlcia  orobus.      Nicolson. 

Horse  Savin',  g.  (s a av.in)— Com- 
mon Juniper — Junipervs  communis. 

Horse  stinger  :   see  Bull  stang. 

Horsin'  stean,  g.  (aur'.su'nstiaan) 
— Horse  block ;  a  stone  or  block, 
a  flight  of  steps  to  mount  horses 
from. 

Two  or  three   .   .   .   hed  gitten  atop  eh 
f  Huntsman  Inn  horsintsteaan. 

Scoap.    p.  155,  line  20. 

Hot :   see  Muck  hot,  Hat. 

Hotch,  G.  (auch) — Market  day  trot 
which  is  slow  and  heavy. 

— To  shake  roughly;  a  fat  person 
hotches  and  laughs,  when  his  sides 
shake  with  laughter,  and  he  can- 
not remain  still.  To  trot  slowly 
and  clumsily. 

Theer  ah  laid  hotchan  an  laughan  fer 
lang  eneuf.  Scoap.   p.  73,  line  8. 

Now  fit  up  a  pillion  for  maister  and  deam, 

To  hotch  off  to  t'  town  amang  t'  rest. 

Cumbriana.    p.  241,  line  1. 

Hotchey  cap,  g. — A  row  of  caps 
being   laid  on  the   ground,  each 


boy  in  turn  hops  over  each  cap,  ' 
finally  picking  up  his  own  cap  in 
his  mouth  and  throwing  it  over 
his  shoulders;  should  he  fail  in 
this,  he  is  chased  by  the  others 
and  brayed  with  their  caps. 
There's  some  will  play  "  drybellied  scot," 
And  hotchey  cap  is  not  forgot. 

Random  Rhymes,    p.  8,  line  £. 

Hotter,  c.  (autth.U'R').  Hottle,  e. 
(aut.U'l).  —  To  totter,  to  walk 
feebly. 

T'  young  fwoks  '11  gang  till  a  cannel-seave 
dyke, 
And  pick  a  shaff  strangans  for  leets ; 
Than  hotter  to  heamm,  through  bog  and 
wet  dyke.    Cumbriana.  p.  253,  line  1. 

Hotter  dockin',  c. — A  nursery 
term  for  a  child  learning  to  walk. 

Hough :   see  Heuk. 

Hough  band,  c.  (auf-baan) — A 
strap  or  band  is  sometimes  fastened 
round  the  hough  of  an  unruly  cow 
or  a  wild  sheep  to  restrain  its 
movements. 

Hovera :   see  Tan. 

Hovrel :  see  Havrel. 

How,  G.  (auw)  —  A  word  used  in 
driving  cattle,  etc.  to  quicken  their 
speed. 
Begins  to  how  them  to  the  fold. 

Rawnsley.    p.  98,  line  5. 

Ho-way,  Hoo-way,  c.,n.(au-wae). 
Ha- way,  sw.  (aa-wae). — Go 
along.  In  the  Alston  district : 
"Come  here." 

Howe  way  witheh,  min,  and  try  ageaan. 
Scoap.    p.  103,  line  17. 

"  Howay,  here,  laddie  and  hev  a  ride  " 
(Alston). 

Howdy,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (auw.di) — A 
midwife. 

The  parish  howdy,  Greacy  Peel, 
Suin  happ'd  her  up. 

Anderson — Worton  Wed.    Stz.  12. 


172 


Howe,  g.  (auw)— A  grave-mound, 
and  sometimes  so  used.  A  small 
hill,  an  eminence,  or  knoll.    A  hoe. 

We  trace  the  meaning  of  the  word  how 
to  be  in  many  cases,  if  not  invariably, 
that  of  a  sepulchral  hill  .  .  .  BlackHow 
BuIIhow,  Scale  how.         Ferguson,   p. 56. 

Than  croppins  of  esh  mun  be  foddert  on 
t*  HOWES, 
To  give  to  t'  oald  milkers  a  treat. 

Cumbbiana.     p.  245,  line  2. 

He  doon  wid  t'  howe,  an  set  off  runnin'. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  108,  line  16. 

— Hollow,  empty. 

Ah  began  teh  flnnd  rader  a  kind  of  howe 

...   Ah  poot  oot  me  jackylegs  knife  teh 

cut  a  lump  a  breid  an  a  whang  eh  cheese. 

Scoap.    p.  73,  line  9. 

Howe  doup,  Obs. — The  empty 
season  when  work  cannot  be  earned 
by  out-door  labour.     See  Doup. 

Her  bit-sarkin'  linen, 
At  keep'd  her  feckly  thro'  th'  how  doup 
Wate  weel  reeght  constant  spinnin'. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  28. 

Howe  meal  seeds,  c. — The  inner 
husks  of  oats. 

Howe  neet,  e. — The  silence  of  the 
dead  of  night. 

Howe  strowe,  g.  (stthrauw) — 
All  in  disorder. 

T'  cobble  steeans  wor  left  liggin  howe 
strowe  amang  t'  brackens. 
Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns,  p.  69,  line  13. 

Howk,  g.  (auwk) — To  dig  imper- 
fectly ;  to  scratch  out  a  hole  in 
the  earth  ;  to  punish. 
Shoved  the  "  taty-pot "  towards  him,  and 
said,  "  noo,  ye  mun  help  yersel,  an'  howk 
in."  Richardson,  1st.    p.  8,  line  1. 

Or  ha'  been  howkin'  away  in  a  tatie  stitch, 
an'  nut  known  whedder  it  was  plantit  wid 
Skerry  Blues.  Betty  Wilson,  p.  106,  line  14. 

Howker,  c.  (auw..ku'R')— A  large 
one. 
"It'saHOWKANlee."  Dickinson.  App.1859. 


Howkin',  G. — Punishment. 
Aal  ge  thee  a  howkin,  aa  lay. 

Dickinson.    1859. 

Howney,  c,  nw.  (auw.ni) — Dismal, 
empty.  Applied  to  a  house  de- 
pleted of  furniture. 

Howry,  c.(auw.ri)— Hollow,  empty. 

Hoyder,  c,  e.  (aui.ddhu'R')— Injury, 
mischief. 

"Stop!  you're  gaan  to  play  hoyder  wi' 
me." 

Hubble,  c,  Ws.  (uob.U'l)— A  crowd. 

"  A  HUBBLE  O'  fWOk." 

Hubby  shoo,  H.  (huob.i-shoo)  ;  e. 
([h]uob.ishau)  —  A  commotion, 
din,  a  state  of  confusion. 

When  a  child  is  turning  things  topsy- 
turvy, its  mother  will  most  likely  say 
"What  a  hubby-shoo  thoo's  mekin!" 

I  cannot  duah  wi'  fwok  mekin'  a  hubby  - 
shoo  aboot  nowt.   Rosenthal,  p.  137,  line  6. 

Hud,  G.  (uod) — The  hob  or  covering 
of  the  top  of  the  side  of  a  fire- 
place. 

Ye've  gien  it  (chimney)  ower  mickle  draft, 
yan  can  trust  nought  on  t'  hud  for  't. 

Cumbriana.    p.  282,  line  17. 

Huddle,  n.  (huod.U'l)— To  embrace. 
Huff,  g.  (uof) — Pet,  ill-humour. 

When  Mary  comes  whisperin'  an'  preachin' 
I  oft  send  her  off  in  a  huff. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  19,  line  3. 

— To  offend,  to  displease. 
He  left  meh  whyte  hufft. 

Scoap.    p.  64,  line  5. 

Huffle  :   see  Huvel. 

Hug-a-back,  c,  sw.  (uog.ubaak). 
Traddah,  c.    Heuk-a-back,  sw. 

— Bush  vetch — Viceia  cracca.     See 

Traddah. 

Hugger  mugger,  g.(uog.U'R-muog.- 
U'R') — To  act  in  a  confused,  clan- 
destine or  unfair  manner ;  to  spend 
time  unprofitably. 

"  Hugger  muggeran  aboot  heam.*' 


17^ 


T  kornel  wos  clean  off  it  to  keep  a  taggelt 
hugger  mugg'rin  about  i'  that  fashion. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  31,  line  8. 

Hugger  muggerer,  g. — One  who 

spends  his  time  unprofitably. 
Nin  o'  thur  eight-page  ditties,  et  hugger- 
mugerers  sec  as  us  er  fworc'd  to  lissen  tui. 
Anderson— The  Cram.  p.  61,  col.  1,  line  7. 

Huggin,  nc.  (huog.-in) — An  armful 
of  straw,  etc.     "  Rare  "  (J.  Ar.). 
As  mich  yal  as  a  chap  can  carry  an'  walk 
streck  ;  that's  a  huggin. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  5. 

Hulert,  c. (oo.lur't).  Hullet,  sw. 
(oo.lut).    Hoolet,  n.  (hoo.lu't) 

— The    owl  —  Syrnium  alucof    also 
called  "Wood  and  Brown  owl. 
He  was  as  wankle  as  a  wet  seek,  an'  luikt 
war  ner  a  boilt  oolet. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  2. 

That  screechan  sound 
And  hagworm-hiss  abeun  his  heed 
Sprang  frae  a  hulert  and  her  breed. 

Cumbriana.    p.  258,  line  12. 

It  wod  screeam  like  a  hullet. 

T'  Invasion,    p.  4,  line  9. 

Hulk :  see  Hallock. 

Hull,  g.  (uol)— A  small  shed  for 
calves  or  pigs,  etc. 

In  a  hull  .  .  .  they  found  eight  sheep. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

A  sow  was  turned  out  of  the  hull  into 
the  stackyard. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  5.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

— B.,  (hul.) — To  drive  a  trout  into 
its  hold. 

Huller't,  c,  e.  (uol.U'Rt)  —  Coagu- 
lated or  clotted — applied  to  blood. 
T'  huller't  bleud  laid  an  inch  thick  on  t* 
flooer.  Gibson,    p.  183. 

Humlin',  c,  nw.  (uom.lu'n).  Hum- 
mel, c,  sw.  (uom.U'l)— A  ram, 
etc.,  having  both  testicles  in  its 
loins.    See  Chasser  and  Riggelt. 


Hummel  j  ummel ,  g.(uom.u'L-  juom.- 
U'l) — Confusedly  mixed  up. 
Jack-dohs  an  sec  like,  oa  hummel- jummelt 
tegidder.  Scoap.    p.  89,  line  17. 

Hummel  mittens,  n.  —  Woollen 
gloves  without  fingers,  but  having 
a  division  for  the  thumb  only. 

Hummelty  cour,  n.,  e.  (uom.U'LTI 
koou'R').  Humly  cowers  (uom.- 
li) — Huddled  up;  the  crouched 
position  often  taken  up  by  boys 
when  sliding  on  ice. 
"But  let's  cour  down  i'  this  dyke-back." 
Sae  said,  an'  humly  cowrs  they  sat. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  6. 

Humpy,  g.  not  sw.  (uomp.i)  —  A 
hunch-back,  used  in  the  simplest 
goodfellowship.     J.  Ar. 

Hunger,  w.  (huong.U'R') — Crystal- 
lised carbonate  of  lime  (w.w.F.) 
which  is  found  as  "white  threads" 
in  the  backs  or  cleets  of  the  coal 
seam  (s.D.) ;  it  is  much  used  by 
miners  for  polishing  the  brass  of 
their  lamps.  Also  called  White 
Hunger. 

Hunk,  g.  (uonk) — A  lump  of  any- 
thing, especially  of  food. 

He  cot  a  girt  hunk  eh  breid. 

Scoap.    p.  169,  line  18. 

Ah  saw  a  girt  hunk  of  a  fellow  ledderan 
away.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  3. 

Hunkers,  g.  (uonk.U'R'z)— The 
haunches. 

"  He  sat  doon  on  his  hunkers  ahint  t' 
dyke." 

Hunsup,  c,  sw.,  e.  (uon.sut)— A 
row  or  tumult ;  the  special  Christ- 
mas tune   used   by  the   country 
fiddler  waits,  "  The  hunt's  up." 
Hunsep  through  the  wood,  hunsep  through 
the  wood 
Merrily  goes  the  day,  sir  ; 
Get  up  old  wives  and  bake  your  pies, 
To-morrow  is  Christmas  day,  sir,  etc. 


174 


Thy  fadder's  comin  thro'  the  croft — 
A  bonny  hunsup  faith  he'll  mek. 

Anderson — Dick  Watters.    Stz.  8. 

T'  Hunt's  Up  of  a  Kersmas  mworn  .  .  . 
Wadrooseus.  Gibson — Ben  Wells.  Stz.2. 

— G. — To  scold. 

Hunt -up,  G.  (uont-uop) — At  a 
certain  stage  in  each  round  of 
Lant  (Loo)  every  player  has  to 
put  a  stake  into  the  pool  in  addi- 
tion to  the  stake  he  has  to  pay 
ordinarily, — this  is  called  Hunt-up. 

Hurl :   see  "Whurlblast. 

Hurple :   see  Herple. 

Hurry,  g.  (uorm) — Iron  shoots  at 
the  Whitehaven  docks   used   for 
loading  coal  into  ships. 
Gat  to  Whitehebben,  a  girt  sea-side  town, 
whare  sea-nags  eats  cwoals  out  o'  rack- 

HURRYS. 

Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,   p.  125,  line  1. 

Concealed  in  a  hurry  on  the  Lonsdale 
Dock.  W.C.T.   1898,  July  2.   p.  3,  col.  8. 

Hurrysom,  c,  nc,  Ws.  (uormsuom) 
— Hurried  and  confused. 

Hursle,  g.  (uo.R'SU'l).  Hussel, 
c,  nw.  (uos.U'l). — A  shrug  of  the 
shoulders. 

Aul  Deavie  rwoart  out,  wid  a  hursle, 
"  Od-rabbit-it !  lads,  ye'll  be  dry." 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  2. 

T'  Oald'n  was  ledderan  away  oa  t'  time 
wid  his  powls,  at  nobbut  wantit  a  hussel 
up  noo  an  than  teh  keep  them  fra  ower- 
balancen.  Scoap.   p.  73,  line  2. 

— To  hustle ;  to  shrug  the  shoulders. 
He  'd  been  hussellan  iv  his  chair  fer  a 
canny  bit.  Scoap.    p.  244,  line  15. 

Than  tyelleyer  he  began  to  chow, 
And  hurs'lt  up  his  shou'der. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  14. 

Hush,  g.  (uosh).  "Whush,  c. 
(hwuosh).  — A  sudden  gush;  a 
rushing  sound  generally ;  expresses 
the   feeling   as   it  were  of  wind 


coming  (J.  ar.).  A  rumbling  and 
hissing  in  a  mine,  due  to  the  crack- 
ing of  the  roof  and  escape  of  gas. 
A  part  in  a  mine  or  quarry  which 
has  been  cleared  for  excavation  by 
an  artificial  flow  of  water. 

T'  train  went  by  wid  a  whush.      J.N.D. 

But    laugh    at    courts,   an    owre- grown 
kneaves, 
When  I've  a  hush  o'  gud  Strang  yell. 
Anderson — Guid  Strang  Yell.   Stz.  4. 

There  was  a  hush  of  falling  waters  in  the 
air.  Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  71,  line  4. 

He  worked  ...  in  what  is  called  a  hush 
connected  with  the  mines. 

Wrestling,    p.  37,  line  3. 

— To  gush  forth ;  to  rush  with  a  hiss- 
ing noise ;  to  wash  away  soil  from 
the  surface  of  stone  or  minerals  by 
a  rush  of  water. 
Bleud  hush't  out  like  watter. 

Dickinson.    1859. 

An'  t'  wind  whushin  east  'art 

Brong  t'  ching-tee-ching  clear. 
Gilpin — Songs.   Gibson's  Nature.   Stz.  3. 

Huvel,  c.  ([hjuov.u'l).  Sark,  c. 
(saark).  Hufne,  sw.  (houf.U'l). 
Thummel  pwok,  e.  —  A  cloth 
bandage  to  protect  a  sore  finger, 
made  like  a  glove,  and  tied  with 
strings  round  the  wrist. 

Huzaf,  g.  (uoz.ut) — A  pocket  case 
for  needles  and  thread.  This  word 
is  of  Scandinavian  origin  and  is 
generally  confused  with  house- 
wife, with  which  word,  however, 
it  has  no  connection  (Skeat's  Etymol. 

Dict.). 

Ah  fand  a  girt  huzzeful  eh  jackylegs 

knives,  an' sidders.       Scoap.   p.  12,  line  3. 

Hysta,  g.  (aaistu) — Hie  thee. 


175 


Ilk,  N.    Ilka  (ilk.it) — Each,  every, 
the  same. 
Ilk  thing  that  Jeeves  can  git  a  mate. 

Anderson — Lass  abuin.    Stz.  5. 

The  blessing  o'  health  she  ay  shows  in 
ilk  feature.    Rayson — The  Flower.  Stz.  3. 

And  the  twelve  nogs  on  ilka  side. 

Gilpin — Songs.   Fray  of  Suport.  Stz.l. 

Ill,  g.  (il) — Evil,  wicked. 

An'  them  whiskers  sa  fine,  'at  my  fancy 

yance  teuk, 
They're  nobbut  to  hide  thy  ill  sinister 
leuk.         Richardson,  1st.    p.  68,  line  2. 

— To  degrade  or  slander. 

"  Do  n't  ill  a  body  if  you  can't  say  weel 
o'  yan." 

Ill  gien,  g.  (geen) — Given  to  evil 
deeds ;  bad  tempered. 

Ill-gien  gossips.     Richardson,  1st.  p.  159. 

Ye'd  think  to  see  her  ill-gean  feace, 
She'd  fled  frae  'mang  the  gipsies. 

Rayson — Squeeze  Crab.    Stz.  4. 

Ill-f arrant,  n.,  ne.  (faarunt).  111- 
faured  (faurt)  —  Ill-favoured, 
ugly. 

The  vile  ill-farrant  randy. 

Rayson — Sukey  Bowman.    Stz.  5. 

Here  was  a  fearful  altercation, 

Wi'  ill-far'd  neames. 

Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,  p.  178,  line  17. 

IU-gieness,G.(GEENNEs)-Ill-natured- 
ness,  bad  temper. 
Ah  bully-rag't  a  lock  eh  t'  warst  end  o' 
them  fer  ther  ill-geeness. 

Scoap.     p.  167,  line  2. 

Illify,  c.,sw.,E.  (il.ifaai)— To  defame 
or  scandalize. 

He  dud  iv'thing  'at  laid  i'  his  poor  to 
illify  me  at  mi  spot.  Pen.  Obs.  1898,  Feb.  22. 

Illmite,c.,N.(MAAiT)— An  ill-natured 
person. 


Ill  teul,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (tiuol) — A  bad 
boy  or  man. 

It  was  a  teaal  at  just  suitit  that  ill-teull 
Jobby  Gutter.  Scoap.    p.  8,  line  2. 

:  111  thriven,  g.(thriv.U'N;  thr'atjv.- 
U'n)— Not  having  prospered ;  stunt- 
ed ;  puny. 

Ill  turn,  G.  (tuor'n) — An  injury. 
Theer  war  plenty  o'  fwok  ruddy  to  try  to 
dui  me  an  ill  turn. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Imin,c.(AAi.MU'N).  Ime,NW.(AEiM.) 
— A  thin  scum  or  covering.  See 
Grimin. 

By  this  time  it  hed  a  good  imin'  of  cream 
owerit.      C.Pacq.  1893,Aug.l7.  p.6,col.l. 

Impident,  g. — "  Cheeky,  cocky  "  ; 
the  idea  intended  to  be  conveyed 
is  much  weaker  than  that  of  im- 
pertinence or  insolence,  for  it  is 
used  with  reference  to  a  person 
recovering  his  spirits  after  illness. 

In,  g. — Conjoined  with  be,  get,  keep, 
signifies  friendly.  Also,  an  ellipti- 
cal use  of  put,  carry,  bring.  Cf. 
Oot,  Up. 

"He  gat  in  wi' t'  oaldfwok,  an'  he  keeps  in." 
He  in  wid  it  as  hard  as  he  cud.    S.D.B. 

In  an'  Oot,  g.  (inu'noot) — This 
auxiliary  movement  in  wrestling 
is  performed  by  striking  the  oppo- 
site leg  of  the  opponent  in  such 
a  manner  that  the  knee  is  outside 
his  knee,  and  the  foot  inside  his 
ankle  ;  thus  the  shins  cross. 

In  a  twitter,  g.  (in-U'-twitth.U'R') 
— Soon ;  quickly,  in  a  state  imply- 
ing fear  or  doubt. 

In  av,  nw.  (in  U'v) — In. 

"He  leevs  in  av  Aikkton  parish." 

In  bank,  g.  In  hill. — Down  hill. 
See  Doon  bank. 

It's  doon  t'  broo  aw  t'  way  till  t'  Wheat 
Shaff,  an  Ah's  t'  varra  beggar  ta  ga  in 
bank.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  79,  line  4. 


176 


Inbank,  w. — A  working  in  a  pit, 
driven  to  the  dip  of  the  coal.  R.W.M. 

Inby,  c— Indoors,     (ne.,  nc.)  Said 
of  cultivated  lands  near  a  town, 
having  means  of  communication. 
He  went  in  bye  again. 

W.C.T.    1899,  May  6.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Income,  g.  (inkuom) — A  swelling 
or  other  bodily  infirmity,  the  ori- 
gin of  which  is  not  apparent. 

In  dress,  Ns.— Clothed  in  best  clothes. 

"Titivate  yourself  up,  Lizzie."     Lizzie  is 
soon  "  in  dress."    Rosenthal,  p.  245,  line  9. 

In-fair :  see  Bridewain. 

Infield  land,  g.  (lnfeel[d]-laan)— 
Ancient  enclosed  land,  and  com- 
monly the  best. 

They'd  rayder  part  wi'  life 
Ner  sell  or  swap  a  single  yird  of  infield 
land  or  fell. 
Gibson— Skulls  of  Calgarth.  p.  81,  line  6. 

Ing,  G.  (ing) — A  common  name  for 
meadow  land  in  a  low  or  moist 
situation,  and  as  place-name,  (nw.) 
Long  and  very  narrow  fields  are 
called  Ings,  Long-iNos,  Far-iNos  (J.H.). 
Aw  its  green  holms  an'  ings,  whaur  the 
furst  o'  girse  springs. 

Powley — Echoes,    p.  148,  line  3. 

Mowbank  Ing. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Mar.  25.    p.  1,  col.  4. 

In-geat,  g.  (in-giaat) — An  inroad ; 
an  attack.  An  entrance,  (nc.) 
The  time  when  the  post  comes  in 

(J.  Ar.). 

Ingle,  g.  (ing.U'l)  —  Generally  ex- 
plained as  "fire,  flame,"  but  it 
refers  to  a  faggot  or  bundle  of 
fuel ;  the  fire-side  is  now  frequent- 
ly referred  to,  but  this  would  be 
more  correctly  expressed  as  the 
ingle-neuk  or  side.  In  the  Glossary 
to  Relph  "Fire"  is  given  as  the 
meaning,  but  the  author  was  then 
dead. 


An  ingle  of  sticks  "  is  a  bundle  of  fire- 
wood. 

The  farmer  leaves  the  ingle-seyde. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  16. 

Quick  to  a  water-pail  he  hied, 
And  on  the  ingle  pour'd  a  tide, 
That  soon  the  daring  flames  supprest. 

Sanderson,    p.  45,  line  5. 

To  aither  nut 
I  gave  a  neame,  and  beith  i'  th'  ingle  put. 
Relph— St.  Agnes  Fast.    p.  95,  line  4. 

Inkle,  g.  (ink.ul) — Coarse  tape. 
Obs.  except  as  in  phrase  below. 
"  Thick  as  inkle  weavers  " — very  inti- 
mate. 

As  busy  as  inkle  weavers. 

Borrowdale.    p.  2,  line  6. 

Inklin,  g.  (ink.lin)— A  slight  hint 
or  intimation. 

Them  blacksmith  fellas  gat  an  inklin  eh 
t'  stwory.  Scoap.    p.  2,  line  19. 

Innerds,  g.  (in.U'R'DZ) — The  entrails. 

Those  acquainted  with  the  "inwards"  of 
the  affair.    W.C.T.  1898,  July  30.  p.  4.  col.  5. 

Innin',  c.  (in.in) — Bringing  in — of 
corn,  etc. 

Ins  and  oots,  G.  (inz-itn-oots)  — 
Zigzags ;  the  whole  of  the  matter. 
"  He  telt  ma  o'  t'  ins  an  oots  about  it." 

T'  inns  an  oots  eh  t'  jwoke  was  just 
Cockermuth  oa  ower.   Scoap.  p.  152,  line  4. 

Insense,  g.  (lnsens.)— To  make  to 
comprehend,  to  inform. 
Than  t'  maister  hed  ta  explain,   ...   an" 
try  an'  insense  them  intill  H. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  126,  line  5. 

Inshot,  g.  (inshaut)  — Receding; 
said  of  a  sickness  which  works  in- 
wardly— "  does  not  come  out," 
like  a  cold,  when  the  sneezing  is 
taken  as  a  sign  that  the  cold  was 
coming  out  (J.  ar.). 


177 


Intack,  G.  (int.aak) — An  enclosure 
taken  from  the  common. 

T"  intaks  's  t'  best  o'  t'  grund. 

Gibson,    p.  183. 

I  happen'd  to  nwotish  some  sheep  hed 
gitten  intul  an  intack  we  hed  away  up 
t'  fell  side.       Richardson  1st.    p.  94,  line  7. 

Intul' t,  c.  (lnt.uolt).  Inteult 
(int.iuolt).    Intilt,  N.,  e.  (lnt.ilt). 

— Into  it. 

Theear  was  whiskey  intull't,  an'  brandy 
intull't,  an'  sliced  lemon  intull't,  an' 
.  suggar  intull't. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  12.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

D'  you  two  feals  think  you're  going  to 
bring  us  here  from  our  work  and  nowt 
intilt  ?  Mayroyd.    p.  96,  line  12. 

Iron  ub'n,  c.  (aair'U'n  iuob.U'n) — 
A  flat-bottomed  pan  for  baking  in, 
a  fire  being  placed  on  the  lid  as 
well  as  below  the  pan.  Now 
superseded  by  cast  and  sheet-iron 
ovens.     See  Shank-pan. 

Is,  G.  (iz) — Are.     See  Aaz. 

"  How  is  ye  to-day  ?  " 

Issol :  see  Flak. 

—  ish,  g. — This  termination  is  fre- 
quently added  with  the  sense  of 
rather,  as  "rowrsH,"  "rather  raw," 
"queensH,"  and  "rumnusH,"  for 
"rather  queer,  rather  rum,"  etc. 

She  mead  him  a  fairish  wife. 

Gibson — Wise  "Wiff.    p.  27,  line  10. 

Fwok  tell  me  'at  t'  meanin'  on 't  's  baddish 
to  know.  Richardson,  1st.   VI.   3. 

Ithy :   see  Yan. 

Iv,  c.,.n.,  ww.  (u'v)— In,  before  a 
vowel. 

"  He's  lishest  lad  iv  o'  Brumfell  parish." 

He  mead  them  iv  a  neeght  or  two. 

SCOAP.     p.  190,  line  17. 

Iverly,  c,  sw.,  e.  (iv.u'R'Li)— Fre- 
quently, continually. 
"  How  often  do  you  take  your  ale  ?  " 
"  Yall  ?  I  tak  it  iverly  !  "  "  Iverly  ?  " 
"Ey,_ebben  endways  away."  Gibson,  p. 183. 
M 


Ivry  lkie,  g.  ;  Ivry  whup  while 
(iv.R'I-whuop-waail)— Every  now 
and  then. 

He  hed  teh  gah  for't  ivery  whupwhile. 
Scoap.    p.  73,  line  1. 


Izzert,   g. — The 
letter  z. 


old   name   of  the 


Jab,  g.  (jaab).  Jope  (jaup).  Job 
(jaub).  —  A  slight  blow,  which 
frightens  rather  than  hurts.  See 
Jope. 

Hittin'  Abe  a  jope  under  t'  chin. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  10,  col.  1. 

I  simply  meant  to  give  it  two  or  three 
japs  to  frighten  it. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  May  25.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

— To  push  and  cause  to  strike; 
strike  with  a  pointed  weapon ;  to 
strike,  but  not  so  hard  as  to  crush. 
"  Job  him  in  't  leg  wi'  t  pin." 

Jobby  whose  face  was  jubbed  against  the 
end  of  a  plank.   W.C.T.X.  1898.  p.  16,  col.  4. 

Jabble,  g.  (jaab.ux) — A  slight 
movement  on  the  surface  of  water. 
See  Jarble.    w.c.t.h.  1894.  p.8,coi.i. 

Jack  Curley,  g.  —  The  Whimbrel 
(H.M.),  and  Curley  Kneave, 
which  see. 

Jack  durnill :   see  Yowe  yorlin. 

Jacket  and  waistcoat,  c. — Each 
(sheep)  wears  what  the  hill  farmer 
terms  a  jacket  and  waistcoat — that 
is,  long  wool  without,  with  a  soft, 
thick  coating  beneath. 

Nature,    p.  123,  line  13. 

Jack  sharp  :   see  Hollin. 


178 


Jackylegs,  g.  (jaak.i-legz).  Jocky- 
legs,  n.  (jauk.ilegz). — A  pocket 
clasp  knife. 

A  girt  huzzefful  eh  jackylegs  knives,  an 
sidders.  Scoap.    p.  12,  line  3. 

Jacky-nick :  see  Snicket. 

Jacky  slope  :   see  G-lead. 

Jacky  steans,  G.  (jaak.i-stiaanz). 
Jacks,  c,  e.,  nw.  (jauks)— Peb- 
bles ;  a  game  among  school  girls, 
played  with  small  pebbles,  and 
sometimes  with  plum  or  cherry- 
stones. 

A  group  of  girls  may  be  seen  with  jackey- 
steans  upon  the  green. 

Random  Rhymes,    p.  9,  line  3 

Jacob's  Staff ;  Beggar's  stalk  ; 
Beggar's   blanket,  c,  b.  —  The 

Great  Mullein—  Yerbascum  Thajisus. 

Jaffler,  n.,  e.  (jaaf.lu'R')— A  care- 
less idle  man.     Obsolesc. 
Wi'  Harry,  Jack,  an'  Symie,  com', 
An'  mormy  jafflers  leyke  his  sell, 
To  slwot  awheyle  at  th'  auld  Blue  Bell. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,   p.  176,  line  7. 

Jamers,  c.  (jaam-u'R'z).  Jymers, 
c.  (jaalmu'R'z).  Jemmers,  sw. 
(jem.U'R'z).  Jimmers,  N.,  b.  (jim.- 
U'R'z) — Small  hinges  for  desk  or 
cupboard. 

Jamrags  :  see  Damrags. 

Jams,  sw.  (jaamz) — James.  St. 
James'  fair  is  held  at  Ravenglass 
on  August  5th. 

Jangle,  g.  (jaang.ul).      Jangle- 
ment. — An  angry  disputation. 
She  mud  as  weel  hev  o'  t'  jangle  tul  her- 
sell.  Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  7. 

— To  wrangle,  to  squabble. 
Them  jangelan  lawyers. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  202,  line  3. 

Began  ta  git  rayder  ower  full,  an'  gat  ta 
janglin  like  owt.  Lamplugh.    p.  8. 


Jannick,  G.  (jaan.ik).  Jannock. 
c,  E.  (jaan.U'k) — Right,  fit,  honest, 
fair. 

Thoo  hes  ower  mickle  jaw  to  be  jannic. 
Gibson,    p.  183. 

L —  is  a  jannic  eneuff  fella ;  bit  when 
he's  dry  .  .  .  he'll  deu  varra  nar-owt  for  a 
gill.  W.C.T.H.   1894.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Jannock,  c.,sw.(jaan.U'K) — Loaves 
of  oatmeal — oatbread,  not  cake. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Jant,  c,  e.,  nw.  (jaant).  Awwtin, 
sw.  (aawtu'n) — A  pleasure  jaunt. 

He  myad  up  his  mind  'at  he'd  hev  a  jant 
off.  W.C.T.    1898,  July  16.    p.  4,  col.  5. 

Jarbelt — Dirtied,  bespattered, 

The  muddy  syke  it  ower-ran  the  wear — 

The  jarbelt  lasses,  sairy  things,   were 

spent.      Gilpin — Poetry.  Wilkinson's 

Death  of  Roger,   p.  207. 

Jarble,  c.,Es.,sw.(jaar'BU'l).  Jab- 
ble,  n.,  nw.  (jaab.ux) — To  be- 
spatter.    See  Jabble. 

What  gars  t'  gowky  gang  through  t'  garth 
to  jarble  o'  her  cleazz. 

Cumbbiana.     p.  121,  Kim  4. 

Jaws  o'  yell,  c,  n.,  nw.  (jauz-it- 
iel) — Great  quantities  of  ale. 
A  certain  slight  rollick  in  his  voice  and 
accent,  perhaps  due  to  the  jaws  o'  yell. 
Lizzie  Lorton.   II.    p.  233,  line  9. 

Jayls  :  see  Geals. 

Jay-pyet,  g.  (jae-paai-ut)  —  The 
Jay — Garndus  glandariu*.  (sw). 
Applied  rather  to  the  Magpie  (R.K.). 

Jayvel,  c,  nw.  (jae.vu'l).  G-ayvel, 
sw. — To  stagger  ;  to  walk  ungain- 
ly like  a  cow. 

Jedder,  g.  (jeddh.ur).  Jut,  n.,  e. 
(juor')— A  jar,  jarring  ;  discord. 

— To  shake  ;  to  jar. 

Na  mair  you'll  hear  the  hammer-bleats 
Flee  jedd'rin  ow'r  your  la-ids  at  neets. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  161,  line  2. 


179 


Jee-wa-awe,  g.  (jee-waaoo) — 
Twisted  ;  all  awry. 

Jerry,  g. — A  public  house  in  which 
only  beer,  ale  and  porter  may  be 
sold. 

That    neighbour  keeps   a  public   house, 
doesn't  he?     A  jerry. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  29.     p.  2,  col.  4. 

Jert :   see  Lert. 

Jerusalem,  NO,  b.,  nw.(jer'OO.zlu'm) 
— Used  as  an  epithet  of  high  praise 
of  some  specially  good  meal.  Ob- 
solete (J.  Ar.). 

A  fair  Jerusalem  feast  I  do  insure  you. 

J.  Ar. 

Jerusalem  cowslip  :  see  Sage  of 
Jerusalem. 

Jeyke  :   see  Jyke. 

Jiffy,  g.  (jif.i)— "In  a  jiffy"— in  an 
instant. 

I  thowt  it  leuk't  sec  a  laal  bit  to  gang,  I 
wad  be  theer  in  a  jiffy. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  107,  line  10. 

Jiget — A  jiget  of  sheep  is  still  in 
use  in  Mid-Cumberland  to  signify 
a  score  of  sheep.     See  Yan. 

Jigger,  c,  W.  (jig.U'R'),  and  Jinny 
(jin.i) — A  snatch  made  of  two  or 
three  hooks  tied  together,  back  to 
back. 

The  wound  was  that  of  a  jenny.  There 
was  no  hook  mark  about  the  fish's  mouth. 
There  was  no  bait  or  gut  on  the  line  .  .  . 
Blood  was  oozing  from  the  jigger  marks. 
Whitehaven  Free  Press.  1896,  Oct.  31. 
p.  4,  col.  6. 

—  To  take  fish  by  means  of  an 
illegal  instrument,  the  jinny  or 
jigger,     (sw.)  To  play  the  truant. 

P —  spoke  to  M —  fishing  with  worm. 

The  watchers  never  mentioned  jiggering. 

Whitehaven  Free  Press.    1896,  Oct.  31. 

p.  4,  col.  6. 

He  gangs  t'  scheul  i'   t'  mwornins,  an' 
jiggers  i'  t'  efterneuns.      J.N.D. 
.       M2 


Jimmers  :   see  Jamers. 

Jimmerly,  c.  (jim.U'R'li).  Jem- 
merly,  nw.,  sw.,  nc.  (jem.U'R'li). 
— Weak  or  ill-jointed — applied  to 
carpenters'  work. 

Jimp,  g.  (jimp)— Tight ;  too  little  ; 
tucked  up  in  the  flank  as  grey- 
hounds are ;  prim,  neat. 
Jimp  lively-black  fustin  breeches. 

Anderson — King  Roger.    Stz.  3. 

Mark  could  see  the  jimp,  trimly-belted 
little  figure  ;  and  Mark  liked  jimp  trim 
waists.  Todhunter's.   p.  275,  line  11. 

Jinny,  nw.  (jin-i)  — A  spinning 
wheel  (H.T.).  A  snare  for  part- 
ridges (G.D.).     See  Jigger. 

Jinny  Hulert,  g.  White,  Cliff 
and  Chimney  Owl. — Barn  Owl 
— Strix  jiammea;  the  first  is  also 
applied  to  any  owl. 

Billy  Brannan.   p.  4,  line  16. 

"Try  summat  'at  flees."  "A  jennyhewlet." 
Ye  can't  mak  game  cocks  oot  of  jinny- 
hoolets.      Saying. 

Jinny  redtail :  see  Nanny  red- 
tail. 

Jinny  spinner,  g.  (jin.i  spin.ur') — 
The  Tipula,  crane-fly,  or  Daddy- 
long-legs.     A  tee-to-tum. 

Ther'  wos  jenny-spinners,  girse-hoppers, 
an' midges.         Forness  Folk.   p.  7,  line  5. 

Jinny  whol :   see  Arch  whol. 

Jo,  g.  (jau).  Jaa,  sw.  (jaa). — 
Jaw ;  idle  talk,  bad  language. 

"  Hod  theh  jo  " — stop  talking. 

His  jo  fell.  Scoap.    p.  193,  line  15. 

Yet  for  ow  this  jaw, 

Thou  likes  thy  sister  weel  eneugh. 

Graham — Gwordy.    line  48. 

Joan-na-ma-crank :  see  Heron- 
sew. 


180 


Job,  G.  (jaub) — An  event ;  an  affair 
or  business.     See  Jab. 
"  It's  a  bad  job  for  us  o'." 

It  was  a  fine  job  for  Wilfred  Wankelthet 
'at  his  fadder  was  bworn  afooar  him. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  23,  line  1. 

Gat  em  teh  fettle  a  job  a  wark  for  them. 
Scoap.    p.  172,  line  12. 

Job-jurnal,  Cs.,  sw.(jaub-juor'.nu'l) 
— A  toy  on  the  principle  of  a 
humming  top,  but  made  with  a 
shouldered  stick  passed  through 
a  perforated  nut-shell  and  an  apple, 
or  failing  that,  a  potato  stuck  upon 
the  lower  end,  to  be  spun  by  pull- 
ing a  string  wrapped  upon  the 
shaft  within  the  shell.    See  Yowe 

Yorlin.  Gibson,    p.  184. 

I've  thowte  aboot  it  till  my  heid's  ga'n 
like  a  job-jurnal. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,   p.  19,  line  18. 

Jockilegs  :   see  Jackilegs. 

Joggle,  G.  (jaug.ux) — To  push ;  to 
disturb    the    elbow   of  a   person 
writing ;  to  shake  sharply. 
He  dreave  us  ower  rwoads  'at  varra  nar 

JOGGLED  US  to  bltS.  GlBSON.     p.  184. 

Whopp's  iv  a  Christian  country  whoar 
t'  hooses  stand  stiddy,  an  niver  joggle 
up  an  doon  as  yours  was  deuhan  a  laal 
bit  sen.  Scoap.    p.  187,  line  6. 

Johnny  Wapstraw,  c,  nc. — A  nick- 
name for  the  rabbit. 

Joist :   see  Jyste. 

Jo  ok,  g.  (jook) — An  attempt  to 
elude  a  missile  ;  (not  E.)  a  long  and 
tiresome  journey  on  foot. 

— G.  not  Es. — To  elude ;  to  stoop  the 
head  to  elude  observation  or 
missile. 

It's  past  jooking  when  the  heid's  off. 

saying. 

It  seem't  to  flobber  furst  a  laal  bit  bo  yah 

side,  an'  than  a  laal  bit  til'  tudder.  tryen 

to  cod  him  like,  so  as  he  medn't  jowk  it. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  7,  col.  2. 


He  up  wid  t'  puddin'  an  threw  't  at  Betty. 
She  hooivver,  jook't  an'  t'  puddin'  stuck 
on  t'  waw  as  flat  as  a  panceak. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  78,  line  6. 

Jookery  packery,  n.  (joo.ku'R'I 
pau.ku'R'i)  —  Larking,  romping, 
dexterous  roguery. 

Joop,  b.,  n.  (joop)— A  short  upper 
garment  or  jacket  worn  by 
females. 

Joop't,  b.  (joo.pt) — Domineered 
over  by  a  woman. 

JOO  trump,  G.  not  E.  (JOO-TR'UOMP) — 

Jew's  harp,  or  jaw  harp. 

An  he    playt   on   twee  jew-trumps   to- 

gedder.  Anderson — LeyleSteebem.  Stz.2. 

Jope,  g.  (jaup).  Jap,  (a,  jaap; 
n.,  nw.,  jaap)— To  splash,  bespat- 
ter ;  spill ;  throw  water  over  any- 
thing.    See  Jab. 

"  She  brought  milk  in  a  can,  an'  jab't  it 
ower  at  ivery  step." 

"  Anyone  in  the  way  when  a  bucketful  of 
water  is  thrown  down  with  force,  is  liable 
to  get  japped." 

Don't  jope  t'  flooer  wid  t'  whitewesh,  noo. 

S.D.B. 

0,  leytle  stops  me,  bit  I'd  jaup 
This  whart  o'  yell  about  your  scope ! 

Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,    p.  177. 

Jopins,  g.  (jau.pinz)  —  Anything 
spilled. 

Joram,  c,  sw.  (jau.ru'm).     Jwor- 
am,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (jwau.R'U'm)— A 
large  mass;  abundance. 
To  pour  out  a  joram  of  liquor.    A.C. 

Joss,  ne.,  nw.  (jaus) — To  crowd,  to 
squeeze. 
We  joss'd  again  yan  anudder. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Feb.  22. 

Jowat,  nw.  (jou.ut)  — A  term  of 
effeminacy. 
"He's  a  feckless  jowat." 


181 


Jowl,  G.  (jauwl)  —  A  blow  ;  the 
noise  produced  by  a  blow ;  the 
tolling  of  a  bell ;  the  howl  of  a  dog. 
Ah  catcht  mi  heed  seek  a  jowl  over  t' 
jaum.  Pen.  Obs.    Feb.  22. 

They  drew  their  swords  to  the  jowl  of 
the  bell.    Songs — Kinmont  Willie.  Stz.4. 

— To  knock,  cause  to  knock ;  to  strike 
the  walls  in  a  coalpit  with  a  pick, 
so  as  to  ascertain  by  the  character 
of  the  sound  produced  the  thick- 
ness of  that  wall.  To  jumble,  es- 
pecially a  vessel  containing  liquid  ; 
to  rumble  (of  the  entrails). 
Ah'll  jowl  yer  heeds  tagidder. 

Pen.  Obs.  Feb.  22. 
Witness  saw  a  crevice  in  the  roof  where 
a  piece  of  stone  had  fallen  out  and  he  said 
to  G.  "Just  jowl  that"  and  Ned  jowled 
the  foreside.   W.C.T.  1898,  Oct.  22.  p.  3,  col.  7. 

Jowlin'  for  fair  hunger.    J.B. 

Jud,  g.  (juod) — Formerly  a  corve- 
ful  of  coal,  that  being  the  quantity 
brought  down  by  a  single  fall  of 
coal  released  by  undermining  the 
base  of  the  stratum.  Drilling  and 
blasting  being  now  in  use,  the  jud 
represents  a  much  larger  quantity. 
(e.)  A  game  played  with  a  hazel 
nut  bored  and  run  upon  a  string. 

He  found  C —  holing  a  jud  of  coal  which 
was  18  feet  across. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Oct.  8.    p.  2,  col.  5. 

Judcock  :  see  Laal  Jacky. 

Juliet,  C,  NW.  (JUOL.U'T;  juol.ik) 
— To  jerk  a  stone  or  other  missile 
(w.c.t.h.  1894.  col.  i).     See  Lert. 

Jump,   wc.  (juomp)  — To  make  a 
slender  bar  of   iron    shorter    and 
thicker  by  hammering;  to  strike 
on  the  end. 
He  jumpt  his  finger  varra  badly.   S.D.B. 

Jumper,  g.  (juomp.U'R-) — A  stone 
borer. 

Tryin'  to  bwore  a  wholl  in't  wi'  a  jumper 
an'  a  laal  hammer. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  121,  line  6. 


Jumper,  c,  n.,  e.  Skipper,  sw. — 
The  maggot  of  the  small  fleshfly, 
maggots  and  mites  in  cheese. 

Jump  siney,  c.  Lowpen  s.,  e. 
(lauw.pin) — A  sprung  or  strained 
sinew. 

Jump  wid,  g—  To  meet  with  acci- 
dentally ;  coincide. 

Jur :  see  Jedder. 

Just  noo,  g.  (juost-noo).     Justy 
noo,  nc. — Shortly,  soon. 
"I'll  come  just  noo." 

"Varra  weel,  Tommy,"  Ah  sed,  "Ah'll  be 
theear  just  noo." 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  1,  line  10. 

Jwoat,  c,  n.  (jwaut)  —  A  young 
fellow.     Obs. 

An  monnie  a  queerfar'd  jooat  was  there, 
An'  monnie  an  unco't  shaver. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  10. 

Jyke,  c.  (jaaik).    Jeyke,  n.,  nw. 
(jaeik) — The  creaking  noise  made 
by  new  shoes,  by  a  slate  pencil 
on  a  slate. 
I  hard  a  jike  on  t'  window  pane. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  11,  line  5. 

— To  make  a  creaking  noise. 

Lad :  "  I  want  a  par  o'  new  shun,  and  put 
us  in  a  pen'orth  o'  jeykin  ledder." 

Shoemaker:  "Ey'  an'  tou  sail  hev  a  pen'- 
orth o'  stirrup  ledder  for  nought  if 
thoo'll  come  hither." 

What . . .  jykin  ther  used  teh  be  wih  them 
when  t'  oald  car  hed  teh  be  druvven  roond 
a  corner.  Scoap.    p.  59,  line  9. 

Jyste,  c,  ec.  (jaaist).  Joist,  c, 
nw.  Jeest,  nw. — Though  gene- 
rally distributed,  this  word  is  not 
much  known.  It  means  money 
paid  for  permission  to  let  land  for 
pasturage,  similar  to  "  agist." 
The  yearly  customary  rent  of  grassom, 
and  joist  2s. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  21.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

— To  put  cattle  out  to  grass  on  the 
farm  of  another  person. 


182 


K 

Ka  he,  g.  (kit  ee)— Quoth  he. 

Kaim,  c.  (kaem)— To  bend. 

Kaim't,  c,  e.,  sw.  (kaemt). 
Kyaim't,  ec.  (kiaemt)— Ill-dis- 
posed, contradictious,  crooked. 
Aberram  was  varra  kaim't  an'  tell't  ma 
to  tak  them  as  wasn't  brocken  if  I  wantit 
steans. 
Gibson — Joe  and  the  Geologist,  p.  4,  line  4. 

Kaimtly,  c,  sw.,  e.  (kae.mtli)— 
Restive. 

Now  t'  bullocks  nit  yok't  sen  plue-time 
last  year, 
His  horses  out-liggan,  and  lean, 
And  kaimtly.      Cumbriana.   p.  242,  line  5. 

Kaiter,  c,  ws.  (kae.tthu'R')  — 
Kindly,  friendly. 

Kange,  g.(kaenj)— To  flog  severely. 

Kangin',  g.  (kae.nju'n) — A  severe 
flogging. 

"  Ah'll  gie  him  a  kangin'." 

Katie :   see  Puss. 

Kaybittit,  g.  (kae-bit.it)— Having 
the  ear  (sheep)  marked  by  the 
removal  of  a  square  piece  cut  out 
from  the  edge. 

Black  o'  the  rump,  under-KEYBiTTED  n'ar 
ear.  Mayroyd.    p.  104,  line  4. 

Kayk,  g.  (kaek) — A  twist  to  one 
side.  See  Gake. 
"  She  hez  a  kayk  in  her  neck." 

Yah  rummelbuck  of  a  lad  in  t'  gallery 
leaap  aboot  till  he  gat  a  kayk  aback  eh 
t'  lug.  Scoap.     p.  184,  line  2. 

Kead,  g.  (kiaad)— The  ked  or  sheep 

tick — Melojthagus  ovinus  ;  the  Sheep 

Louse  is  sometimes  called  kead, 
but  the  true  kead  remains  almost 
exclusively  in  the  wool,  and  will 
pass  to  the  lambs  at  clipping  time, 
whereas  the  louse  burrows  into 
the  skin,  often  causing  sores. 

The  sheep  were  only  suffering  from 
keards.      C.Patr.  1895,  May  24.  p.  7,  col.  7. 


Keagh  ! ,  (kiaah)— Go,  get  away. 
Wi'  snow  a  feutt   thick — mebby  clean 
out  o'  cwols, 
"  Keaa  fetch  a  pack-leadd  on  a  horse." 
Cumbriana.    p.  240,  line  9. 

Keak  breed,  ec.  (kiaak-br'eed)— 
Unleavened  bread  of  rye  and  barley 
meal,  made  on  a  girdle. 

Keal,   g.   (kiaal;   kael)  — Kale, 
broth;  (ne.)  greens;  porridge  of 
oatmeal.     See  Field  Keal. 
He  gat  his  kail  in  a  riven  dish. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  184. 

A  bit  o'  moss  was  a  spessymen,  an'  a 
keal  blade  bwore  t'  seam  neam. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  106,  line  2. 

Keal  pot,  g.  (paut)— The  large  pan 
in  which  the  meat  and  puddings 
are  cooked  in  farm  houses.  See 
Shank-pan. 

T*  kettle  belly't  kealpot  hang. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57.  line  5. 

Keal  runt :   see  Cabbish  runt. 

Keal  stick  :   see  Thyvel. 

Keasharden't,G.(KiAAS-AA.R'DU'NT) 
—  Insensible  to  shame  and  re- 
morse. 

Keav,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (kiaav).  Teav, 
n.  (tiaav)— To  paw  with  the  foot ; 
to  kick  the  straws  out  of  a  heap 
of  undressed  corn  with  the  foot 
and  a  rake,  (b.)  To  pass  a  knife 
in  all  directions  through  newly- 
made  butter  to  extract  hairs,  etc. 
See  Teav. 

Ben  Wales  fiddle  many  a  neet, 
Wid  elbow  room  an'  rozel't  weel 
Swinge  !   how  he'  mak'  fwoke  keav  an' 
prance.       Gibson — Ben  Wells.   Stz.3. 

Kebby  stick,  g.  (  keb.i-stik). 
Nebby,  c,  n.  Nib't  stick,  n. 
(neb.i;  nibt).  Gibby,  nc.  —  A 
hook-headed  walking  stick ;  shep- 
herd's crook. 

She  heuks  his  lug  wid  yah  fist  a"  a  kebby 
wid  tudder.         W.C.T.X.   1895.   p.  8,  col.  4. 


183 


Keb  feuttit,  e.  (keb-fiuot.it)— A 
person  who  walks  with  toes  turned 
inward. 

Keck,  c,  sw.  (kek) — To  lift,  heave, 
upset. 

Lads  wos  drivin'  horses  an'  waggin'  owt 
o'  t'  tunnels,  an'  bringin'  girt  clogs  o' 
stuff  to  t'  chaps  to  be  keckt  up  reet  in 
front  o'  them.     Forness  Folk.  p.  10,  line  1. 

Ah  keck*t  'im  oot  o'  t  barrow  inta  t' 
watter.      S.D.B. 

Keckle,  c,  sw.  (kek.u'l).  Keck,  n. 
— To  cackle ;  laugh  or  chuckle. 

Keek, c.,nw.,n.  (keek) — A  look,  peep. 

I  tuik  a  keek  at  a  wheyte  blakky-muir. 
Anderson — Carel  Fair.  p.  46,  col.  2,  line  14. 

—To  pry,  peep. 

He  that  keeks  through  a  keyhole  may 
see  what  will  vex  him.      Proverb. 

I  keek  by  the  hay-stack,  an  lissen. 

Anderson — Sally  Grey.    Stz.  3. 

Keeling  or  Killing :   see  Bodling. 

Keen  o',  g.  (keen  U') — Fond  of. 

Nooadays  theear  nut  seah  many  wild 
berries,  nor  are  young  ans  seah  keen  o' 
gedderin'  them. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  9.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Keens,  Keen  cuts  :   See  Kins. 

Keep  nicks,  c,  sw. — To  keep 
account  or  tally ;  to  make  the  same 
number  of  points  or  notches  in  a 
game,  to  keep  equal  or  even  with, 
to  keep  friends  with.  Boys  keep 
nicks  when  watching  the  school- 
master, and  "Nicks"  is  equivalent 

to  "Cave." 

While  anudder  kept  nicks,  watching  up 

an'  doon'  street.   W.C.T.X.  1894.  p.  5,  col.  3. 

Keevel,  nw.  (kee.vu'l) — The  flat 
wooden  bar  (mesh  gauge)  round 
which  the  string  is  worked  when 
making  the  meshes  of  a  net ;  also 
designates  the  measure  of  the  mesh. 
The  pocknet  is  knit  upon  a  keevel  from 
six  to  seven  inches  in  circumference. 

Fisherman,    p.  41. 


Keg :  see  Cog. 

Kel,  c,  sw.  Keld,  (keld).  Goe,  e. 
—A  weak  spring  of  water  in 
arable  land;  a  marshy  place.  Keld 
is  also  applied  to  the  still  parts  of 
a  lake  or  river  which  have  an  oily 
smoothness  while  the  rest  of  the 
river  is  ruffled  (Ferguson,  p.  119).  As 
a  place-name :  G-unnarsKELD,  Spring 

Kell. 

There'll  be  nae  weet  coom  morning,  I'll 

engage !   The  kelds  is  on  t'  lake. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  272,  line  11. 

Kelk,   g.  (kelk).    Kelker  (kelk- 
U'R')  —  A   severe  blow  delivered 
with  the  elbow. 
I  gev  him  a  kelk  i'  t'  guts.    J.H. 

—To  hit  roughly  with  hand,  elbow, 
knee  or  foot. 

She  kelk't  him  wi'  her  neef.     Gilpin — 
Poetry.    Death  of  Roger,    p.  206,  line  11. 

Kelkin',  g.  (kelk.in)— A  beating. 

Kellat,  w.,  nw.— Pollack  —  Gadus 
pollaclilus.  Fauna,   p.  485. 

Kelly,  c.  (kel.i)— Applied  to  land 
containing  small  springs  which 
partly  dry  up  in  summer. 

Kelt,  g.  (kelt)— The  male  or  female 
salmon  after  they  have  deposited 
their  milt  or  roe  ;  they  remain 
kelts  for  two  or  three  months 
after  spawning  until  they  have 
recovered  their  strength  and  are 
in  a  fit  state  to  go  back  to  sea. 
A  salmon  is  three  years  old  before 
it  becomes  a  kelt.  R.  Orman,  Carlisle. 
Several  anglers  have  not  yet  landed  any- 
thing but  old  KELTS. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  17.    p.  5,  col.  1. 

Kelt  cwoat,  g.  (kwaut) — A  home- 
spun coat  of  coarse  cloth  of  mixed 
white  and  black  wool. 
T'  maister's  clogs  and  kelt  cwoat. 

Cumbriana.  p.  251  line  15. 
Provided  with  an  oaken  staff,  a  pair  of 
clogs,  and  a  kelt  surtout. 

Anderson — Note  39.    p.  123. 


184 


Kelter,  g.  (keltth.U'R')  —  Money, 
riches  ;  to  be  in  high  kelter,  is  to 
be  in  good  condition  (Ferguson — 
Dial.). 

It  was  rumor't  'at  Mary  wad  hev  a  bit  o' 
kelter.  Betty  Wilson,    p.],  line  2. 

Kelterment,  g.  (keltth.U'R'MU'Nt) 
— Useless  trumpery. 

Kemp,  n.(kemp)— To  contend,  strive 
for  superiority. 

Auld  Nick  and  Scot  yence  kempt,  they  say, 

Whea  best  a  reape  frae  saun  cud  twey  ne. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  9. 

Kemps  :  see  Camps. 

Ken,  g.  (ken).  Knaa,  sw.  (naa). 
Knoa,  c,  e.  (nau)— To  know,  be 
acquainted  with. 

"Ken  yersel  and  yere  neighbours  'ill  no 
misken  ye."      Proverb. 

Rodger  kna's  meear  aboot  sike  things  nor 
a  deeal  o'  fooak. 

Gibson — Bannasyde.    p.  67,  line  4. 

Ah  knoa  thoo's  suer  teh  deuh  that. 

Scoap.    p.  2,  line  1. 

Kengeud,  g.  (ken.giuod)  —  Some- 
thing to  remember,  a  warning,  an 
example. 
"She  gev't  a  whisk  an'  a  kengeud." 

Sud  he  come  i'  mey  clutches,  a  ken-guid 
he's  get.    Anderson — Caleb  Crosby.  Stz.  6. 

Kennin,  g.  (ken.in)  —  Knowledge, 
recognition. 

"  That  youngster's  growan'  out  o'  kennin'." 

Kenspeckl't,  c,  sw.,  e.  (kenspek.- 
U'Lt).  Kenspect,  n.  (ken.spekt) 
— Conspicuous. 

Ah  dudn't  think  ah  wad  mak  me-sel  ower 
kenspeckle.  Scoap.   p.  196,  line  13. 

It's  t'  sleatts  ye  kna  et  gev  that  bye-neam 
to  t'  spot,  'cos  the'r  kenspak  amang  udder 
sooarts.  Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  5. 

He  was  quite  an  "object  man,"  quite  a 
"  kenspeckled."  Rawnsley — The  Eng- 
lish Lakes.    II.    p.  136,  line  13. 


Kent  feast,  b.  (kent-fiaast)— Well 
known  by  the  countenance. 

Kep,   g.  (kep)— One  who   catches 
well  any  thing  falling. 
"He's  a  rare  kep  at  cricket." 

— To  catch  any  thing  in  the  act  of 
falling;  kept. 

"I'll  throw  the  ball,  and  thou  kep  it." 
Skurrle,  skurrle  thee  down— I'll  kep  thee. 
Clark — Seymon  and  Jammy.   line  57. 

I  kep  on  telling  of  her,  she  mun  learn  her- 
sel  to  be  a  woman. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  215,  line  12. 

Kep  jope,  c,  b.  (kep  jaup)  —  A 
child's  pinafore.     See  Jope. 

Keps  :  see  Capes. 

Kep  skite,  w.  (skaait)— Buffon's 
Skua  Gull  (G.D.) — S&ereoraritu  />«ni- 
ritiem;  and  Richardson's  Skua— 
Steve,  crejndatus  (H.M.). 

Kern  stofe,  b.  (kuor'U'N  stauf) — 
The  staff  fitted  for  working  up 
and  down  in  the  old  fashioned 
hand  churn.    See  "Wart  gurse. 

Kern  supper,  c,  sw.,  e.  (kuor'U'N- 
suop.ur').  Kurn  winnin,  n. 
(kur'N-win.in) — Harvest-home. 

AIKTON  PUBLIC  KURN  SUPPER 
The  kurn  supper  was  held  in  the  Parish 
Room,  Aikton,  on  Monday,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  building  fund. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Sept,  8.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Then  ae  nicht  at  a  kirn  I  saw  Maggie  Hay. 
E.  C.  News.    1894,  Mar.  10.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

To  murry-neets,  kurn  -winn  ins,  Hannah 
ne'er  went.     Anderson — Hannah.  Stz.  3. 

Kern  milk,  G.  (Kuor'n).  Soor 
milk,  c,  n.,  e.  (soo.U'R).  Sawwer 
m.,  sw.  (saawr) — Butter  milk. 

Young  sour-milk  Sawney. 

Anderson — Wort.  Wedg.    Stz.  7. 

Bannack,  an  butter,  an  kurnt-milk. 

Scoap.    p.  99,  line  8. 


185 


Kesh,  c.  Weyl  esh,  nw— Gout 
weed — Aegopodlum  podagraria,  w.H. 

Kesh,  dry,  or  rough  —  :  c.  (kesh). 
Kesk,  E.  (kesk)— Cow  parsnip — 
IlcracUum  spandylinm.  See  Bun- 
nels,  Deed  Tongue. 

We  set  to  wark  an'  mead  swirts  o'  kesks  to 
swirt  watter.  Richardson,  1st.  p.20,line  10. 
The  red  topped  dock,  and  the  umbelliferous 
kesh.       W.C.T.    1893,  July  2.    p.  5,  col.  6. 

Kesh,  watter,  or  smooth —  :  Cs.,  nw. 
Kesks,  G. — Wild  angelica— -Angel- 
ica sylvestris.  Kesks  applies  to  the 
dried  stems  of  Umbellifers  gene- 
rally (W.H.). 

Keslop,  g.  (kesl.ut)  —  The  cured 
stomach  of  a  calf  used  for  making 
rennet. 

Ther  cheese  was  teugh  as  kezzlup  skin, 
An'  wuntry  wairch  it  teastet. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  30. 

Kessen,  G-.  (kes.itn).  Cassen,  N. 
(kaas.U'n)— Cast ;  overturned,  said 
of  a  sheep  when  lying  on  its  back, 
and  unable  to  recover  its  feet. 
(b.)  Twisted ;  wood  made  untrue 
by  drying. 

"Bob  meer  was  kessen  in  a  gutter." 
"  T"  sky's  ower-KESSEN." 
A  corby  craw  .  .  .  waitin'  to  hev  his  fill 
on  a  pier  kesten  sheep.  Rise  of  River.  p.297. 

Kessen  metal,  g.  (kes.U'n  met.ul). 
Pot-metal,  — Cast-iron. 

At  t'  Pot  Metal  Brig  at  Garristown,  ane 
ov  oors  (horses)  was  gaun  leame. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  2. 

Kest  (kest)  —  (a,  Ns.)  The  first 
swarm  that  issues  from  a  bee-hive ; 
(e.,  ec.)  the  second  swarm,  (es., 
sw.)  The  first  swarm  is  called  the 
"top  swarm"  the  others  side-casts, 
whilst  (sw.)  a  "virgin"  is  a  cast 
from  a  first  cast,  (sw.)  That  space 
which  a  man  can  reach  laterally 
with  his  rake  when  drawing  hay 
into  windrows ;  there  are  two  kests 
between    two    windrows   (Rev.  J. 

Steele).      Cf.  Seang. 


Duh  they  ring  t'  kurk  bells  here  when 
they  git  a  kest?  ...  we  takkt  V  tangs 
an  t'  fireshool  and  bray  away  till  t'  bees 
settle.  Scoap.    p.  17,  line  27. 

— To  cast ;  overturn  sheaves  of  corn 
for  drying  ;  "  kest  a  loop  "  is  to 
knit ;  to  swarm  as  bees.  See  Kyp't. 
T  yall  was  gud  aneuf,  but  it  dudn't  kest 
a  morsel  o'  leet  on  what  was  bodderin' 
ma.        Gibson    Bobby  Banks,  p.  19,  line  4. 

As  soon  as  e'er  I  learned  to  kest  a  loop, 
Warm  mittens  wap't  thy  fingers  up. 
Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  13. 
Oald  Fisher  bees  kest  iv  his  heid,  an'  he 
was  fworc't  teh  poo  off  his  wig. 

SCOAP.     p.  17,  line  14. 

Kest   up,   G. — To    upbraid ;    to    be 
found  again,  to  return  ;  to  reckon. 
To  vomit. 
"Hes  t'  dog  kest  up  yit  ?  " 

"  He  kest  up  agean  me  oa  'at  Ah'd  ivver 
said." 

He  winna  kest  up  to  neet,  noo. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  26. 

Dan  cud  kest  up  'counts  wid'enny  body. 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  24,  line  6. 

The  breyde  she  kest  up  her  accounts 
In  Rachel's  lap. 

Anderson — Codb.  Wedg.    Stz.  8. 

Ket,    g.   (ket).      Ketment   (ket.- 
mtj'Nt) — Filth,  rubbish,  carrion. 
What's  arl  this  ket  aroond  t'  butter  ?  Sick 
a  mess  o'  wet  leaves  as  the  snails  has 
been  over,  likely ! 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  162,  line  7. 

Ket-kyte,  e.,  nw.  (ket  kaait)— A 
person  of  mean  actions. 

Kettle  harse  :   see  Catscope. 

Ketty,  g.  (ket.i)  —  Dirty,  mean, 
worthless. 

Kevvel,  g.  (kev.tj'L  ;  kiaav.itl) — 
To  kick  or  leap  awkwardly. 
They  kevvel  and  swing,  and  dance  ledder- 
te-spetch.  Cumbriana.    p.  239,  line  2. 


186 


Key-legged,  c,  k..  sw.  Knockle- 
kneed,c..sw.  Skemmel-legged, 

nw. — Knock-kneed. 

A  KNOCKLEKNEET   .   .   .   SlapeclOgS. 

Scoap.    p.  210,  line  1. 
Keynd  :   see  Kind. 
Keyp  :   see  Kype. 
Keyte  :  see  Kyte. 

Kibble,  c, e.,  Ws.  (kib.U'l) — A  metal 
or  wooden  tub  or  bucket  in  which 
coal,  etc.  is  hoisted  out  of  a  pit, 
or  water  out  of  a  well. 

Kick,  c,  n.  (kik)— The  top  of  the 
fashion ;  a  novelty. 
"  The  varra  kick." 
Now  dancin's  the  KiCK-shew  of  preyde. 

Anderson — The  Cram.  p.  61,  col.  1,  line  5. 
Ah  like  nin  o'  ther  toon's  fancy  kicks  : 
gi'  me  a  yearb-puddin'  o'  t'  oald-fashin't 
country  mak.    Betty  Wilson,  p.  Ill,  line  9. 

Kidder  :  see  Cobble. 

Kill  coo,  G.  (kil-kootj') — A  matter  of 
moment,  of  consequence.  "Neah 
girt  kill-coo"  —  no  great  object; 
nothing  wonderful. 

Kill  deevil :  see  Deevelin. 

Kill  dry't  feas,  c,  sw.  (draait) — 
A  parched  and  withered  face. 
Ya  aad  woman,  wi'  a  kill-dry't  feass, 
com  out  o'  ya  lile  cottage. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  11. 

Kill  ee,  g.  (kileeit.) — The  fire-place 
of  a  drying  kiln.     See  Eaa. 

Kilps  an'  creuks,  c.  (kilps  U'N 
kriuoks).  Clicks  an'  hods,  c, 
nw.  (kliks  U'N  auds) — A  sharp 
bend  or  angle  ;  hooks  and  eyes. 

"  O'  KILPS  AN'  CREUKS." 

T'  kilps  an'  creuks  fer  t'  back  band,  an 
heaams,  an  things,  was  oa  brokken  off. 

Scoap.    p.  287,  line  U. 

Kilt  up,  n.  (kilt  uop) — To  fasten 
up  the  skirts  of  the  dress. 

Kilty  cwoat  Peggy,  b. — A  woman 
who  tucks  up  her  clothes  to  work ; 
a  careful  person. 


Kin,  g.  (kin).     Keyn,  nw.  (kaein). 
— Kindred,  relations. 
There's  nit  a  yen  honest  in  aw  his  whole 

KEYNE. 

Rayson — Worthless  Strang.    Stz.  2. 

It  grieves  yen  to  think  theerwas  nowther 
kith  nor  kin  to  follow  him  to  th'  greave. 
Burn— Rosenthal .    p.  7,  line  4. 

Kinch,  nw.  Obs. — A  hole  dug  in  the 
grassy  beach  of  the  Solway,  having 
the  bottom  and  side  puddled  with 
clay ;  on  the  bottom,  above  the 
clay,  peats  were  laid:  the  peats 
in  turn  were  covered  with  a  layer 
of  sods  :  sleech  was  put  on  the 
sods  till  the  kinch  was  filled  to 
the  brim,  and  finally,  as  much  salt 
water  was  added  as  the  kinch 
WOUld  hold.  (Solway,  p.  44.)  This 
was  a  portion  of  the  process  of 
salt-making  on  the  Solway. 

Kind,    g.   (kaaind).     Keyn,    n. 
(kaein). — Sort,  or  description. 
"  Will  ta  len'  me  a  shillin'  ?  "      "  Nay, 
I  hevn't  money  kind  about  me." 

— Familiar,  friendly,  intimate. 

We  wer'  browt  up  tagidder,  an'  still  varra 
kind.  Betty  Wilson,  p.  11,  line  2. 

They  say  she's  owre  keynd  wi'  the  weaver. 
Anderson — Buck  o'  Kingwatter.   Stz.  5. 

King  clover  :   see  Bee  flower. 

King  George,  sw.,  wc.  (jwaurj). 
Sowdger,  Ns.,  wc.  (sauw.ju'R1). 
Orange-tip  Butterfly— Euchloe  oar- 
dam  inns.    F.D. 

(SW.)  Formerly  when  children  saw  some 

butterfly,  they  used  to  sing  : 

King  George  is  coming  tomorn 

To  bake  thy  bread, 

To  sell  thy  corn 

And  pull  thy  house  down.      R.K. 

The  butterfly  commonly  known  as  a  King 
George.      Wt.C.T.   1899,  Jan.  28.   p.6,Col.2. 

Kink,  g.  (kink) — The  peculiar  sound 
of  the  whooping  cough  ;  a  curling 
twist  in  a  rope  or  cord. 


1! 


— c,  N.,  e. — To  laugh  loudly,  (nw.) 
To  cough  till  the  breath  is  sus- 
pended (J.H.). 

Kink  cough,  G.  (kauf)  — The 
whooping  cough. 

Kinnellin,     g.     (kin.U'litn)  — 
Materials  used  for  lighting  a  fire. 
Here's  to  the  KiN'LiN'-peat  on  the  bride's 
hearthstone  ! 

Love  of  a  Lass.   Vol.  II.   p.  91,  line  1. 

Kin'  o',  a,  w.  (kaain  it).  Akinda, 
a,  w.,  e.  (u'KAAiNDU').  Keyn'  o, 
nw.  (kaein  U'). — Somewhat,  in  a 
manner  or  sort. 

"I'se  akinda  dry,  I'll  hev  a  pint  o'  yal." 
"I'se  keyna  dry  I'll  hev  a  peyn't  o'  yel." 
Give  him  a  sudden  click — "  kind  o'  bear 
him  off  his  feet."    Wrestling,  p.  46,  line  6. 

Kins,  c,  e.,  nw.  (kinz).  Keens,  n. 
(keenz).  Keen  cuts. — Cracks 
in  the  hands  caused  by  frost. 

Kipper,  g.  (kip.ur)  Shedder, 
nw. — A  salmon  out  of  season,  just 
after  spawning.  Shedder  now  used 
only  by  the  old  fishermen  at 
Bowness. 

She  had  bought  a  newly-run  kipper  from 
a  well-known  "  kipper  catcher." 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

— To  catch  fish,  rabbits  etc.  out  of 
season ;  to  poach. 
Sea  thoo  wants  ta  hear  o'  t'  best  neet's 
kipperin'  ah  ivver  hed. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Kipper -hips,  c,  nw.  —  An  ill-fed, 
generally  worthless  fellow.     w.H. 

Kipper't,  c,  Ns.  (kip.U'Rt)— Said  of 
an  unclean  salmon  which  is  unfit 
for  use  when  fresh,  dried  and  cured. 

Kipple,  b.  (kip.U'l)— Couple.     Two 

rams  chained   together  by  their 

horns  are  kippl't. 
Kirk-gaan,  g.  (a,  kuor'K  gaan; 

n.,   sw.,   kur'k)— Church   going; 

regular  in  attendance  at  church. 

Me  warday  duds  an  Kurkgaan  cleaas. 

Scoap.    p.  12,  line  2. 


He  was  oalus  furst  and  foormost  in  iv very- 
thing  bit  kurk  gahin'. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.     p.  10,  col.  1. 

Kirk  garth,  G.  (gaarth) — Church- 
yard. 

They  ax't  me  if  I'd  been  to  t'  kurk-garth 
to  see  Wordsworth's  greave. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  126,  line  9. 

Kirk  louse,  Cs., Ws.,  ne.  (kuor'K  loos). 
Cuddy  louse,  sw.  "Wall  louse, 
c,  sw.  Slater,  n.,  nc.  (sliae.- 
tthu'R').— Woodlouse,  millipede— 
Oniscidce. 

Kirkmaister,  Kirkwarden :  see 
Church  warner. 

Kirrock,  Kirk  Sucken:  see 
Currock. 

Kissin'  bush,  g. — A  mass  of  holly, 
ivy  and  other  evergreens  tied  up, 
generally  in  a  fanciful  shape,  and 
hung  up  in  the  kitchen  or  entrance 
at  Christmastime,  and  under  which 
it  was  customary  for  the  lads  to 
kiss  the  lasses. 

Kissin  crust,  g.  (kis.U'N  kr'UOSt) 
— The  piece  of  crust  adhering  to  a 
loaf  which  has  been  broken  from 
another,  the  two  having  been  in 
contact  whilst  baking. 

Kit,  G.  (kit).  Hannel  pail,  nw. — A 
small  wooden  pail  or  tub.  See  Pad. 

A    riddlin'  —  a    riddlin',    an   oald    wife 

striddlin',  [morning. 

A  kit  full  o'  cunning  things  in  a  coald 

Gibson — An  Ancient  Conundrum,   p.  185. 

Far  is  the  Gursin  off,  top  full  the  kits. 

Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  7. 

Kit,  c,  N.,  nw. — A  term  of  contempt. 
The  "heal  kit" — the  whole  set  or 
company. 

Settlt  ther  hash  for  t'  heaal  kit  o'  them. 
Scoap.    p.  199,  line  12. 

Kitchen,  c.  (kit.chin) — Anything 
eaten  with  potatoes  or  bread  etc. 
to  give  a  relish,  as  gravy  etc. 
The  kitchen  is  also  the  living  room. 


188 


Kith,  G.  (kith)— Kindred. 

Theer  was  nowther  kith  nor  kin  to  follow 
him  to  th'  greave. 

Burn— Rosendale.    p.  7,  line  i. 

Kittle,  g.  (kit.ux)— Active.    Easily 
acted  upon,  quick,  excitable. 

"  Kittle  as  a  mouse  trap." 

Thoo  was  alos  desperate  kittle  at  owt  at 

belangt  teh  farmin  matters. 

Scoap.    p.  2,  line  2. 

"  Oald  Jwohn  Green?  "  said  Jwohn,  breakin 
in,  as  kittle  as  a  wamp,  and  spittin  oot, 
"  What  oald  Jwohn  Green  ?  " 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

—To  tickle.    To  bring  forth  kittens. 
To  tickle  for  trout ;  (e.)  to  take 
potatoes  out  of  the  ground  with 
the  hands,  leaving  the  tops. 
Theer  human  midges,  clegs,  an'  fleas, 
To  kittle,  plague,  an'  bite  fwok. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  29,  line  1. 

It  was  the  practice  of  the  miners  to  go 
by  the  river  for  the  purpose  of  kittling 
or  "  grappling  "  fish. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  June  14.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Kittle-board,  G. — The  tongue  of  a 
rat  or  rabbit  trap. 
The  trap  produced  was  the  one  he  missed 
.   .   .   and  had  the  square  kittle-board. 
C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  10.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

Kittlin,  g.  (kit.lin)  —  Kitten,  a 
young  animal. 

All  other  evils  were  "  nobbet  kitlins  to 
it."  Rosenthal,    p.  19,  line  22. 

Kittly-slip-doon    (kit.li-sllp- 
doou'n) — Barley-meal  porridge. 

Porridge,  an'  as  mony  on  them  as  ye  can 
soop ;  .  .  .  kittly  slip  douns  wi'  a  hantle 
o'  cream.  Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  281,  line  9. 

Kizzen,  g.  (kiz.U'n) — To  cause  to 
shrivel  up. 

"  Whiskey  kizzens  t'  flesh  up  ootside,  just 
as  it  does  ont'  inside." — Heard  during  a 
discussion  on  the  value  of  spirits  as  an 
embrocation. 


Kizzen't,  g.  (kiz.U'Nt) — Over-roast- 
ed, shrivelled. 

We  warrent  nobbut  fairly  roastit  bit  kis- 
sent.  Scoap.    p.  198,  line  13. 

It  was  bacon,  o'  reesty  and  smeuk, 
And  kissent  and  dry't  like  a  sneck. 

Cumbriana.    p.  238,  line  5. 

Knaa  :  see  Ken- 
Knack,  c,  n.,  e.  (naak)— To  talk 

quick,  and  attempt  fine  language. 

"  She  knacks,  and  talks  like  rotten  sticks." 

A  man  in  a  three-nuikt  hat,  'at  knackt 

like  rotten  sticks. 

Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  125,  line  8. 

If  a  body  was  gi'en  ta  nacken  yan  wad 
write  this  phrase  doon  as  abandon. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  8.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Knack  reel,  g.  Click  reel  (klik) 
— A  reel  turned  by  a  handle  and 
giving  a  click  when  a  certain  num- 
ber of  threads  had  been  wound  ; 
these  were  bound  together  form- 
ing a  "cut,"  and  so  many  cuts 
made  a  hank.  There  were  two 
other  reels,  called  hand  reels,  a 
longer  and  shorter ;  and  as  the 
threads  were  wound  on,  the  count 
was  made  by  repeating  "yan  to 
yan,  two  to  yan,  thous'  yan,  yan 
to  two,  two  to  two,  thou's  two," 
and  so  on.  Another  was  the 
elbow  reel,  when  the  thread  was 
wound  over  the  elbow,  and  be- 
tween the  thumb  and  the  fore 
finger. 

I  went  home  and  broke  the  click  reel  of 
my  new  loom. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  47,  line  15. 

Knacks,  g.  (naaks)— "  He's  neah 
girt  knacks" — nothing  beyond  or- 
dinary. 

Knap,    G.   (naap)  —  A   blow,   tap, 
generally  with  a  light  stick. 
Ah  nwotisht  they  gev  a  laal  knap  on  t' 
flooar  ivery  time  they  thrast. 

Scoap.    p.  48,  line  4. 


189 


— To  strike  gently  and  quickly;  to 
talk  short  and  in  an  affected  man- 
ner. 

"Went  on  knappin'  away  wid  his  lal  ham- 
mer.     Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist. 

p.  2,  line  26. 
She  tawk't  a'varst,  but  knapp't  sea  sair 
'At  ninn  cud  understand  her. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  9 

Knattle  :  see  Nattle. 

Kneav  shive,  c,  e.,  ne.  (niaav- 
shaaiv) —  The  first  cut  off  the 
loaf. 

Knep,  G.  (nep) — To  nip,  to  bite  in 
play ;    the   action  is  rather   less 
severe  than  that  which  is  under- 
stood by  "  nip  "  ;  to  browse. 
The  horses  nep  one  another. 

Pen.  Obs.  1898,  Mar.  1. 
Thoo  needn't  come  smirkin'  an'  kneppin' 
at  me.          Richardson,  1st.    p.  69,  line  8. 

Kneud,  c,  sw.  (niuod)  — To  butt 
with  the  head  as  a  calf  or  lamb 
does  when  sucking. 

Kneuls,  nw.  (niuols).  Sneels, 
(not  known) — Small  loose  horns 
attached  to  the  skin  on  the  heads 
of  cattle  called  "  horned  coweys," 
and  not  fast  to  the  skulls. 

Knidgel :  see  Nidgel. 

Knipe  (naaip) — Signifies  a  sharp 
or  narrow  ridge.  We  have  Knipe 
Scar.  Ferguson,    p.  85. 

Knock-cross,  g.  (nauk-kr'AUs)— 
The  name  of  an  ancient  barrow 
near  Port  Carlisle,  used  proverb- 
ially in  many  senses. 
"You  are  as  old  as  Knock  Cross." 

It  seun  gat  as  hard  as  Knock-cross,  for  it 
was  freezen  hard.  W.C.T.X.  1893.  p.  7,  col.  2. 

An'  than  gow  to  Carel  wi'  me, — 

Let  her  gang  to  Knock-cross  wid  her 

scworning.        Gilpin — Songs,  2nd. 

Lonsdale,    p.  11,  line  9. 

Knockin'  trough  :  see  Creean 
trough.. 


Knock  on,  g.  (aun) — Proceed,  con- 
tinue, go  on,  hasten. 
"  Fadder's  knockin  on  fer  sebbemty  'ear." 

Ah  mun  be  knockin-on  afoor  dark. 

Pen.  Obs.    April  5. 

Knock  onder,  g.  (uonddh.U'R') — 
To  give  precedence  to,  play  a  sub- 
ordinate part,  yield,  give  in. 

Knod,  c,  nc,  w.,  sw.  (naud).  Knod- 
den,c,  ec,  nw.(naud.U'n)— Knead- 
ed ;  past  and  p.  part,  of  Knead. 

Knonnot,  c.  (naun.U't).  Knaanat, 
sw.  (naan.ut) — I  do  not  know. 

Ah  knewnet  when  he  fand  it  oot. 

Scoap.    p.  66.  line  8. 

Knop,  G.  (naup)  —  A  small  tub 
having  two  stave-handles  ;  the  top 
of  a  gooseberry. 

I  dung  owre  the  tnop,  an  scawdert  my  fit. 
Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  1. 

— To  pick  off  the  tops  of  goose-ber- 
ries ;  to  snuff  a  candle. 
You  have  to  knop  gooseberries,  "berries," 
before  using  them,  Lake  Country.  App.  I. 

Knoppy,  g.  (naup.i)  —  Lumpy, 
knotty. 

"Knoppy  rwoad,"  as  the  man  said  when 
he  stumbled  over  a  cow. 

I  .  .  .  fadged  away  up  Gamswell,  ooer  a 
terble  knoppy  rooad. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  3,  line  6. 

Knot,  g.  (naut)— A  rocky  peaked 
hill.     As  a  place-name,  Hard-KNOT. 

Knowe,  G.  (nauw) — A  rounded  hill. 
A  place-name,  The  Knowes,  Know 
Hill. 

Owr  hill  an'  knowe,  thro'  seugh  an'  sowe, 
Comes  tiftan  many  a'  couple. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  9. 

If  t  cums  on  rain  when  t'  teyde's  at  flowe 
You  may  yoke  t'  plew  on  any  knowe  ; 
Bit  if  it  cums  when  t'  teyde's  at  ebb 
Then  lowse  yer  plew  an'  gang  to  bed. 

Old  Saying. 


190 


Knowledgeable,  c,  nw,  e.  (naul.- 
iju'BU'l)  — Well-read,  full  of  in- 
formation, intelligent. 

The  faithful,  knowledgeable  service  of 
the  three  collies.      Rise  of  River,    p.  186. 

Knur,  c.  (nuor') — The  wooden  ball 
used  in  the  game  of  Spell  and  Knur. 
See  Spell. 

Knur't,  c,  sw.  (nuor't).    Horbl'd, 

C,  SW.  (HAU.RBU'LD).  Nurl't, 
C,  NW.      Url't,    C,  EC.  (UOR'.U'LT) 

—  Stunted ;  not  freely  grown, 
knarled ;  ill-thriven.  Applied  to  oak 
such  as  is  used  for  rustic  garden 

seats. 

A  bit  eh  knurrt  esh  fleaaw  fra  t'  axe 
mooth.  Scoap.    p.  220,  line  13. 

He's  a  laal  url'd  stunt. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  31. 

Knyfel,  c,  n.,  nw.  (naai.fu'l)— To 
steal  trifles,  pilfer ;    (b.)   to  pass 
time  away  idly. 
For  lang  was  caw'd  a  rob  shop, 
For  niffling  money  frae  the  till. 

Rayson — Squeese  Crab.    Stz.  7. 

Kook  an'  heyde,  nw.  (kuok  U'N 
haeid)  —  The  game  of  hide  and 

seek. 

Some  (play)  kook  an  heyde,  or  'I  baw 
peep.'  Random  Rhymes,    p.  9,  line  5. 

Kye,  c.  and  e.  (kaai).  Keye,  N. 
(kaei).  Cawws,  sw.  (kaaws) 
— Cows,  kine,  cattle. 

He's  flate  o'  nowte  ;  he'll  tak  a  stick, 
An'  gang  to  fetch  t'  kye  in. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  78,  line  9. 

Kyle,  g.  (kaall) — A  boil  or  sore. 

As  sair  as  a  kyle.      Saying. 

Kype,  c,  E.,  Ws.  (kaaip).     Keyp,  n. 
nw.  (kaeip)— To  die ;  (e.)  to  in- 
sinuate ;  to  jibe. 
"  T"  oald  horse  is  gaan  to  kype." 

Kyp't,  c,  Ws.  (kaaipt).  Kest,  ne., 
nw. — Bent  as  a  buckled  saw  when 
permanently  bent  or  twisted. 


Kysty,  g.  (kaai.sti)— Squeamish  ; 
dainty. 

1"  fella  his-sel  mun  ha'  bin  a  waistrel  to 
pig  in  thar,  or  else  ooer  kysty  to  be  amang 
dacent  foke.      Forness  Folk.  p.  31,  line  10. 

Some  weshed  out  the'r  chammer  pots  .  .  . 
ye  may  be  suer  they  worn't  keisty  ! 

T"  Invasion,    p.  5,  line  2. 

Kyte,  c,  e.,  sw.  (kaait).     Keyte, 
n.  (kaeit)— The  belly. 

See,  deame,  if  we've  got  a  swop  whuskey, 

I's  sworry  the  bottle's  duin ! 
We'll  starken  our  keytes,  Til  upod  us. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  2. 

Sumboddy  mud  heh  puzzent  em,  he  was 
sooa  swellt  aboot  t'  kyte  on  em. 

Scoap.    p.  98,  line  4. 

Kytel,  g.  not  n.  (kaai.tu'l)— A  cot- 
ton or  holland  jacket. 
Yon  lal  dog's  bin  at  thi  kytle  and  cheg- 
gled  it  through.      Pen.  Obs.   1898,  June  28. 


Laaf :   see  Lofe. 

Laal,  c,  e.  (laal).  Lile,  Leyle, 
n.,  sw.  (laeil).— Little. 

I'll  sing  her  a  bonnie  lal  sang,  lal  sang 
Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  20,  line  5. 

He  telt  me  'at  cairns  was  heeaps  o'  lilely 
steeans  'at  hed  been  rais't  ooer  t'  graves. 
Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns,   p.  67,  line  6. 

Leyle  Sim's  geane  and  swapt  the  black 
cowt.  Anderson — Nichol.  Stz.  12. 

T'  bonny  lile  lan'lady  com  in  a  minute. 
Forness  Folk.    p.  32,  line  13. 

Laal  house,  c,  E.,  Ws.  (laal  oos). 
Donnican,  e.  (duon.iku'n). 
Petty,   g.     Nessy,    c,   nw.— A 

privy. 

Laal  Jacky,  EC,  N.  Half  Snipe, 
sw.     Judcock,   Obs. — The  Jack 

Snipe — Gall  hid  ijo  (jul  l  inula. 


191 


Laal  pan  :   see  Shank  pan. 

Laal  pyet — Pied  Flycatcher  (H.M.) 
— Muscicapa  a  1 1  neap  ilia. 

Laal  Scart — The  Shag — Phalacro- 
corax  gracuhts.     G.D. 

Laal  set  by,  g.  (set  bee) — Of  small 
esteem  or  repute. 

Laal  wee  bit,  G. — Frequently  the 
two  words  laal  and  wee  are  em- 
ployed together,  the  one  intensi- 
fying the  other. 

He  fired  a  little  wee  bit  stone  at  a  boy. 
C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  27.     p.  6,  col.  6# 

Laa  man  :   see  'Turna,  in  Preface. 

Labber,  Ns.,  E.  (laab.U'R') — To 
splash  in  water. 

Lad  candlestick,  Obs. — Primrose 
Primula  variabilis.     Nicolson. 

Ladder :   see  Lalder. 

Laddie,  c,  n.  (laadj) — An  affec- 
tionate diminutive  of  'lad.'     This 
word  is  applied  to  a  person  having 
a  strong  habit  or  propensity. 
"  He's  a  laddie  for  o'  maks  o'  spwort." 

Lad  stones — Stones  piled  up  on  the 
top  of  a  hill,  as  on  Wetherlamb 
Mountain.     Ellwood. 

Lafter,  Lawter  :   see  Clatch. 

Laggin,  G.  (laag.in) — The  end  of 
the  stave  which  projects  outside 
the  cask  or  tub.  The  angle  be- 
tween the  side  and  bottom  of  a 

WOOden    pail    (Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    p. 

225). 

"  Frey  lug  to  laggin  " — from  ear  to  ear. 

She  up  wid  t'  puddin',  an'  varra  nar  knock't 
Bob  off  t'  chair  wid  it.  He  was  aw  rhu- 
barb from  LUG  TO  LAGGIN. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  78,  line  2. 

Laggy :   see  Saggy. 

Lag-ma-last,  c.  (laag-mu'-laast). 
Laggy  last,  c,  e.  Harry  behint. 
Always  behind,  loitering. 


Laird,  N. — The  title  applied  to  a 
landed  proprietor  and  to  his  eldest 
son.   See  Lword  and  'Statesman. 

Lairt,  g.  not  sw.  (laai.U'rt).  Lairy 
(laai.R'i). — Dirty  with  mud  ;  also 
(n.,  nw.)  "  when  a  horse  or  cow 
gets  into  a  boggy  place  and  sticks, 
it  is  said  to  be  lairt"  (r.w.). 
(nw.,  ec.)  Lairt  is  identical  with 

Slairy. 

They  (sheep)  clarty  an'  lairt  wi'  mud. 
Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  10. 

Lait,  G.  (laet) — To  seek ;  to  fetch. 
The  word  lait  has  two  significa- 
tions:  the  one  is  to  seek,  and  the 
other  to  bring.  A  Cumbrian  will 
say: 

"  He's  gaen  to  lait  a  lost  sheep  ; "   or 
"  He's  gaen  to  lait  t'  kye  in  to  milk." 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  179,  line  10. 

Lai  tin,  wc.  (lae.tln) — In  many 
places  in  the  Lake  district,  when 
anyone  dies,  two  persons  from 
every  house  within  a  certain  well- 
defined  boundary  are  invited  to 
the  funeral,  and  the  houses  within 
that  circle  are  termed  the  laitin. 
Richardson,  1st.  p.  179,  line  6. 
See  Bidding. 

Lake,  c,  sw.,  e.  (laek).  Leayk, 
n.  (laeik). — To  play. 

I  did  not  intend  to  hit  the  train.      We 
were  laking. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  27.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Lake  hen  :   see  Baltute. 

Lakin,  G.  (lae.kin) — A  child's  toy. 
(A  lal  lad)  'at  seavs  his  oan  laikins  an' 
laiks  wid  anudder's. 

Gibson — Ned  o'  Kes'ick.    Stz.  3. 

Lalder,  N.,  e.,  (laalddh.U'R'). 
Ladder,  B. — Loud  and  foolish 
talk. 

— To  gossip. 


192 


La  11  up,  EC,  ne.  (laal.ut)— An 
untidy  person  (J.P.).  When  a  dress 
is  much  torn,  you  may  hear  the  ex- 
pression "Thoo'shingin'i'LALLUPs" 
(R.w.).     See  Loll. 

Lam,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (laam)— To  beat 
soundly. 

Lamb  lakins  :  see  Bonny  burd 
een. 

Lamb  lakins,  as  the  bairns  in  the  north 

called  the  . .  faint  sweet  cuckoo  flowers. 

Rawnsley.   p.  31,  line  4. 

Lamb's  ear,  g.  (laamz.eeu'R') — 
Hoary  Plantain — Plantago  media. 

Lame  soldier.  Obs. — Dwarf-winged 
Orchis — Orchis  ustulata.     Nicolson. 

Lammin',  c,  w.,  e.  (laam.in) — A 
thrashing,  beating. 

Lamper  eel,  ec,  ns.  (laamp.U'R') — 
Pride  fish — Petroyxm  branchialti. 

Fauna,    p.  526. 

Lamplugh  hawkies  :  see  Haw- 
kie. 

Lamplugh  puddin',  c.  (laamp.lu' 
puod.in) — A  mess  of  toasted  bis- 
cuits steeped  in  hot  ale  with  spices ; 
a  posset. 

Land,  c,  E.  (la and).  Laan,  n.,  nw. 
(laan) — (1)  An  estate  in  land; 
(2)  the  ground  between  the  fur- 
rows in  a  ploughed  field,  (n.)  Land. 
An'  priss  them  hard  the'r  bit  o'  land  ut 
swap  wi'  him  or  sell. 

Gibson — Skulls  of  Calgarth.    Stz.  15. 

"Nanny,  here's  Willy  — ,  o'  W — ,  wi' 
three  (3)  lands.  Git  up,  my  lass,  and 
let  him  in.  Cumbriana.    p.  90,  line  8. 

Tou  kens  I's  just  twenty, 
Hae  houses,  lans,  plenty. 

Anderson — Silly  Andrew.    Stz.  1. 

Ah'll  ni vver  forgiv'  the  bad  wark  .  .  .  An' 
noo  as  we've  gitten  till  t'  end  o'  t'  (2) 
land,  what  d'ye  think  o'  yer-sels? 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  131,  line  9. 


— To  arrive  ;  to  reach  home. 
"He  landit  in  yister  neet." 
He  hadn't  landed,  that  is  to  say,  reached 
home.  Sullivan,    p.  89. 

Efter  a  bit  I  landt  at  top  o'  Hasty  Gill 
Brow.  FornessFolk.    p.  3,  line  9. 

Land  end  :  see  Heedlin. 

Landlord  at  the  door,  w.,  sw. — 

Said  at  Whist  when  the  high 
value  of  the  trump  used  to  take  a 
trick  shewed  it  to  be  the  last  in 
the  player's  hand.     J.  Ar. 

Land-louper,  nw.  (lauw.pu'r)— 
A  vagabond,  one  who  decamps 
without  paying. 

Lane — To  conceal,  to  connive  at,  or 
hide  a  fault. 

Ferguson — Dialect.    (Not  known) 

Lang  back't  settle,  c.  Lang  lig- 
ger  (laang  lig.U'R*)  —  An  un- 
cushioned  sofa. 

Some  on  a  lang  back*t  settle  are  sittin', 
Some  choose  a  steull  wi*  three  legs. 

Cumbriana.    p.  241,  line  8. 

Lang  creuk,  g.(kriuok) — The  iron 
crook  which  hangs  from  the  chimla 
boke.  Many  of  them  measure  from 
four  to  seven  feet  in  length.  See 
Creuk. 

Langel,  c,  ne.  (laang.U'l).    Lang- 
ket,  sw.  (laang.kut) — A  woollen 
fetter  for  sheep.     See  Hopple. 
They'd  rayder  spin  hanks  o'  rough  sheep- 
langel  garn.        Cumbriana.  p.253,line7. 

Langer  east  shorter  west,  c,  nw. 
Es. — A  deficiency  in  one  part  is 
compensated  by  abundance  in 
another. 

Lang  hundred,  g.  (uond.R'UOd)— 
Six  score. 
Five  scwore  to  t'  hundred  o'  men,  money 

and  pins  ; 
six  scwore  to  t' hundred  of  o'  other  tiring. 
Old  Coib.  Rhvmk. 


193 


Lang  last,  g. — At  length  ;  the  end 

of  it, 

"He's  gitten  a  wife  at  lang  last." 

At  t'  lang  last  t'  will  was  got  throo,  an 
theear  was  greet  discontent, 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  23,  line  1. 

Lang  lenth,  g.  (lenth)-FuII  length. 
He  received  a  blow  which  sent  him  all 

his  LANG  LENGTH  Oil  the  floor. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  June  8.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

Lang-nebbed; g— Long-nosed.  Lang- 
nebbed,  or  dictionary  words  are  not 
very  tenderly  dealt  with  in  any 
of  the  provincial  dialects  (Sullivan. 

p.  89,  line  15). 

Lang-neck,  Lang-necked  Nanny, 
Jinny  lang-neck  :  see  Heron- 
sew. 

Lang  on  :  see  Alang. 

Lang  sen,  c,  sw,  e.  (sen).  Lang- 
seyne,  n.  (saein) — Long  since  ; 
used  substantively  qualified  by 
auld  to  mean  "the  days  gone  by" 
in  an  affectionate  sense. 
I  happen't  to  hev  a  few  days  helliday  nut 
lang  sen.      Richardson,  1st,    p.  106,  line  1. 

Or  gin  I  e*er  again  shall  taste 
The  joys  I  left  langsyne  ? 
Blamire — Traveller's  Return.   Stz.  1. 

Ca'  back  the  joys  of  auld  lang  seyne. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  24. 

Langsom,  g.  (l  a  ang.sum)— Tedious, 
wearisome. 
Thro'  the  langsome  winter  neeghts. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  8. 

Lang  span  :  see  Lowp. 

Lang  streak't,  g.  (striaakt)— Laid 
at  full  length. 

Lang  streek'd  out  ower  the  clean  hearth- 
steane, 
The  lads  their  sicker  stations  tuik. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  15. 

Lang  ten  :  see  Plu'  co'er. 

N 


Lang  windit,  g.  (wind.it) — Prolix. 
See  Lang-nebb't. 

His  latitudes  an  longititudes,  an  loga- 
rithms, an  langwindit  words. 

Scoap.    p.  200,  line  14. 

Lant,  g.  (laant).  Lanter ,  n.  (laan- 
tth.U'R') — The  game  of  Loo.  A 
distinction  is  made  between  Lant 
and  Lanter,  five  cards  being  required 
for  the  latter.  The  proper  desig- 
nation may  be,  three-card  and  five- 
card  loo.  The  manner  of  playing 
is  also  different. 
Some  at  three  card  lant  wad  laak, 
An'  some  at  whisk. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  59,  line  6. 
At  lanter  the  caird-lakers  sat  i'  the  loft, 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-Neet.  Stz.  1. 
Three-card  lant,  an  lant  oa  at's  on,  an 
beggar  me  naybor.      Scoap.    p.  26,  line  1. 

Lantern  leets,  c.  (laantth.r'U'n 
leets) — The  panes  of  a  lantern, 
formerly  made  of  horn,  but  now 
of  glass. 

It  was  whyte  transparent,  an'  wad  ha' 
answered  weel  for  lanthorn  leets. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  30.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Lantit,  g.  (laant.it)— Defeated,  dis- 
appointed. 

Than  ah  whangt  on  t'  diamond  yass,  an 
lantit  t'  wholl  o'  them    Scoap.  p.  28;  line  8. 

Lant  lakers,  c,  e.,  nw.  Lanters, 
n.,  sw.  (laantth.U'R'z)— Players 
at  loo. 

Lanty-pie :  see  Rannel. 

Lap,  g.  (laap).  Lep,  c,  e.  (lep). 
"Wap,  g.  (waap).— A  bundle  of 
hay  or  straw ;  a  truss.  See  also 
Leap,  Bottle. 

"  A  lap  of  hay  was  on  the  mow,"  "  they 
did  not  make  the  hay  up  into  laps." 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Mar.  9.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

He  saw  the  defendant  enter  the  stack- 
yard, .  .  .  and  take  a  bundle  of  hay, 
.  .  .  The  defendant  said  "I  only  wanted 
a  couple  of  waps  for  the  pony." 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  28.      p.  2,  col.  6. 


194 


— To  wrap  or  enfold. 
We  ken  'at  gud  stuff 
Laps  up  i'  lal  bundles. 

Gibson — Lal  Dinah.    Stz.  4. 

She  wappt  up  his  legs  eh  sheepsove  an 
WOO.  Scoap.    p.  7,  line  2. 

Lap,    g.   (laap).     Lappet. —The 

bottom  or  tail  of  a  garment. 
They  hed  hod  eh  yan  anudder  be  t'  cwoat 
laps.  Scoap.    p.  210,  line  1. 

He  tuik  his  cwoat  lappet  an'  deeghted  his 
feace.       Blamike — Robin  Forbes.   Stz.l. 

Lap  sidit,  G. — Unequally  balanced. 
Nin  on  us  could  tell  what  teh  mak  eh  sec 
a  country  at  t'  furst,  whoar  things  was 
sooa  lapsidit.  Scoap.    p.  205,  line  11. 

Lapstean,  G. — The  stone  held  on 
the  shoemaker's  lap  for  beating 
his  leather  upon. 
For  some  they  said  eat  lumps  as  big 
As  Sammy  Liank's  lapsteane. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  27. 

Lap  up,  c,  Es.,  nw. — To  desist ;  to 
give  up. 

Larn,    g.   (laar'n) — To    learn;    to 
teach. 
"  He  larns  his  scholars  to  write." 

When  I  was  young,  lads  us't  to  larn 
To  dance,  an'  run,  an'  russel. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  31,  line  1. 

Pretend  to  larn  some  thrifty  wife 
Hoo  best  to  keuk  a  bite. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  48,  line  6. 

Larrop,  sw.,  e.,  nw.  (laar'.ut) — 
To  beat. 

"  Oil  o'  hezzel's  stuff  to  cure  that  complent." 
"Ey,  it  desarves  a  larrapin." 

Forness  Folk.    p.  33,  line  6. 

Lash,  G.  (laash) — A  comb;  an 
attack  of  diarrhoea ;  the  sharp  cord 
at  the  end  of  a  whip.     See  Lash 

cwom, 

— To  comb,  to  whip,     (e.)  To  feed 
immoderately. 
1*8  just  wesh  me  and  lash  me  hair. 

Beckside.    p.  9,  line  8. 


Lash  away!  G. — A  common  excla- 
mation of  encouragement  applied 
indifferently  to  work  or  play. 
He  had  a  great  knack  of  saying  :    "  Lash 
away,  lads,  lash  away!  " 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    p.  226. 

Lash  cwom,  c,  sw.  (cwaum). 
Lash  keam,  n.  (kiaam)— A 
coarse  toothed  comb,  such  as  is 
used  when  dressing  horses. 
Her  son  now  stood  with  a  lash  comb  in  his 
hand.       Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  117,  line  2. 

Lash  oot,  c. — To  comb  ;  (N.)  to 
hand  forth,  to  kick. 

Lassie,  g.  (laas.i) — A  girl. 

Them  lasses  shurley  cannet  tak  much 
pains  wid  ceukin'. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  11,  col.  2. 

Lassie-lad,  g. — A  term  of  oppro- 
brium amongst  boys,  denoting 
effeminacy  or  undue  preference 
for  the  society  of  girls. 
Yan  o'  them  lassie-lad  leuckan  chaps  at 
waitit  on  us.  Scoap.   p.  54,  line  5. 

Last  cut :   see  Cut. 

Lasty,  g.  (laast.i) — Of  an  enduring 
nature,  lasting. 

Suppose  you  die  before  Simon — and  he's 
a  lasty  kind  o'  man. 

Graham — Red  Scaur.    1896.    p.  67. 

Latch,  c,  sw.,  b.  (laach)— A  deep 
cart-rut.  An  occasional  water- 
course ;  a  miry  place. 

Latch  lug't,  c.  (laach  luogt). 
Leav  lug't,  n.,  e.  (leeut)— Ears 
hanging  down  instead  of  being 
erect.  The  n.  epithet  is  very 
appropriate — the  ears  hang  like 
leaves. 

Latus  :   see  Yan. 

Lave,  n.  (laev) — The  rest,  re- 
mainder. 

To  Jwohnny  I  nee  mair  can  trust — 
He's  just  leyke  aw  the  lave. 
Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.     Stz.  6. 


195 


Lavrick,  g.  (laavrmk) — The  lark 
Alavda  arvenris. 
When  morning  sleeping  nature  wakes, 

And  cheery  hearts  wi'  lav'rocks  sing. 
Blamire — Again  maun  Absence.   Stz.  2. 

Laws !   Loze,  g.  (lauz).    O  lozes 
o' — An    expression    of    astonish- 
ment. 
O  lozes  o'  me!  what  a  sound. 

Blamire — Village  Club.   Stz.  4. 

Lazy-back,  c.  (lae.zi  baak)  —  A 
white  rubbing  stone,  in  shape  a 
semi-disc  about  lj  in.  thick  and 
5  ins.  long,  made  of  plaster  of  Paris 
and  whiting  ;  it  is  softer  and  more 
easy  to  work  with  than  those  of 
freestone,  j.b.  Rough  lumps  of  sill 
are  also  used. 

Lazybed,   G.  —  A   bed   of  potatoes 
planted,   not  in  furrows,    but   in   , 
trenches,  the  soil  from  one  trench   I 
being  thrown  into  the  preceding   I 
one,  so  leaving  a  level  surface. 
A  smo'  lock  o'  taties  will  hev  to  be  set, 
In  lazy-bed  fashion. 

Cumbriana.   p.  244,  line  5.    I 

Lea,  c,  e.,  ws.  (laei).  Sye,  c,  sw. 
(saai).  Sye,  N.,  NW.  (saei)— 
Scythe. 

He  use'  to  mow  wi'  a  sye  'at  hed  two  yerds 
o'  edge.        Richardson,  1st.   p.  58,  line  14. 

Lea  stanes  for  new  leases. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  29. 

Lea,  g.  (lee).  Ley  (laei) — Arable 
land  in  grass. 

How  d'  ye  think  the'r  leys  wad  cum  on  if  t' 

cobble  steeans  wor  left  liggin  howe-strowe. 

Gibson — Bannasyde.    p.  69,  line  12. 

Mair  praise-wordy  beins'  ne'er  trod  owre 
the  lea  !         Anderson — Canny  Auld 

Cummerlan.    Stz.  7. 

Lead,  c,  e.,  n.  (leed).  Leead,  sw. 
(leeu'd). — To  lead  ;  to  convey  by 
cart.  In  the  last  century  work 
horses  were  conducted  or  led  with 

N2 


halters  when  at  work,  and  the 
term  to  lead  still  remains,  although 
horses  are  now  driven. 

"  Gang  and  lead  cworn  to-day,  it  '11  be 
dry." 

Mr  Armstrong  was  settling  with  Billy  for 
the  wood  LEADING. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  6,  col.  2. 

Lead,  c,  sw.  (liaad).     Lade,  Ns., 
e.  (laed  ;  liaed). — To  load  ;  lift 
out  water  with  a  bucket  or  dish. 
Ah's  whyte  suer  ah  could  ha  leaadit  t' 
steamer  me-sel.  Scoap.   p.  40,  line  18. 

Ye  should  ha'  keept  him  here  to  lade. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  7,  line  3. 

Leader,  g.  (lee.ddhu'R') — A  tendon ; 
a  sinew. 

Leaf,  g.  (leef) — The  inner  loin  fat 
of  the  pig.     See  Saini. 

Lea  hay,  g.  (ae)— Hay  grown  on 
old  ley  ground.  The  term  is  now 
applied  to  rye  grass  and  clover  hay 
as  well. 

A  quantity  of  lea  and  meadow  hay. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Mar.  4.    p.  1,  col.  5. 

Learn,  g.  (liaam) —  A  damage, 
laming. 

"And  is  aw  gayly  wi'  ye  now  at  heam?  " 

"  Aw  but  my  fadder — he  has  git'n  a  leam." 

Graham — Gwordy.    line  5. 

— To  wound  or  damage. 

The  cause  of  delay  proved  to  be  that  he 
had  lamed  his  eye.  Sullivan,   p.  89. 

He  remembert  t'  pooar  fella  leaamen  his 

neif  yah  day  awhile  sen  wih  sum  eh  t' 

•    machinery.  Scoap.    p.  99,  line  22. 

Lean,  G.  (liaan) — Alone,  solitary  ; 
your  lean,  his  lean,  etc.,  means  by 
yourself,  by  himself,  etc. 

If  I  moon't  hev  a  lad  'at  'ill  coort  me  my 
lean.  Gibson — Sneck  Posset,   line  2. 

I  met  ye,  leately,  aw  yer  leane. 

Anderson — Bashfu'  Wooer.    Stz.  3. 


196 


Leand,     c,    sw.,    e.    (leeu'N[d]  ; 
liaan[d]).  Lind,  sw.  (leend). — 
A  shelter  from  the  wind.  Sheltered. 
Rare  in  ne. 
A  leen'd  place  for  sheep  on  the  fell. 

Ellwood. 

Leap,  c,  e.,  sw.  (liaap).  Lap,  n. 
(laap). — Leapt. 

Then  cocker  Wully  lap  bawk  heet. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  7# 

It  wasn't  lang  till  he  leaap  up  off  t'  seat 
he  was  sittan  on.         Scoap.   p.  20,  line  24. 

Leas,  G.  (liaas) — To  lace;  to  thrash 
or  beat ;  to  mix  with  spirits. 
A  fellow  just  leyke  a  poudert  lobster,  aw 
leac'd  an  feddert  owre. 

Anderson— Watty,    p.  14,  col.  2,  line  7. 

Her  stays  they  wad  meek  a  gud  pad  for  a 

miller, 
Till  black  of  her  feace  she  mun  hae  them 

ay  leac*d. 

Eayson — Bandylan  Bet.     Stz.  2. 

Lword  Nelson  settlt  t'  French  ther  hash 
at  sea,  an  t'  oald  Duke  leaast  them  on 
land.  Scoap.    p.  105,  line  18. 

Put  in  mair  tea  ! — fer  god  seake,  de  ! 
Leace't  roun'  wi'  rum. 
Anderson — Jurry's  Cursnin.    Stz.  7. 

Ale  warmed  in  a  kail-pot  or  set-pot, 
sweetened  and  spiced,  laced  with  rum. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Leasin,  g.  (liaas.in) — A  thrashing. 

Ah  was  gaan  teh  give  a  leaasin. 

Scoap.    p.  40,  line  11. 

Least  cup,  g.  (kuop) — Tea  or  other 
beverage,  mixed  with  spirits. 
A  glass  of  rum  poured  into  the  last  cup, 
and  called  a  laced  cup  was  invented  to 
qualify  the  bitter  ingredient. 

Cumbriana.    p.  79,  line  6. 

Lea-stean,  g.  (laei  stiaan).  Bul- 
stone,  E.,  EC.  (buol.stu'n)  —  A 
stone  used  for  whetting  scythes. 

Clogs  splinter  new,  bass-bottom'd  chairs, 
An'  lea  stanes  for  new  leases. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  29. 


Leath,  c,  Ws.  (liaath).  Leeathe, 
ec.  (leeuth).  Bern,  x. (baer'n). 
—  Barn .     Place  -  name  —  Watend- 

LATH. 

An'  what's  t'use  . .  o'  you  ga'n  an'  preachin* 
i'  that  girt  leath  o'  your's. 

Gibson — Yan  o'  f  Elect,   p.  133,  line  2. 

Leather  wing  :   see  Bullstang. 

Leave  gang,  g.  (leev  gaang). 
Leave  hod  (haud). — Let  go,  do 
not  hold  ! 

Leav  lug't :   see  Latch  lug't. 

Leayk:    see  Lake. 

Leek,  ec.  (lek).  Pinnel,  sw. 
(pin.U'l).— A  hard  subsoil  of  clay 
and  gravel. 

The  croft  known  as  the  Yanwath  Intake, 

and  a  poor  bit  of  starved  leck  it  was  too. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  122,  line  5. 

— E. — To  drip. 

Leckera :  see  Yan. 

Ledder,  g.  (leddh.ur')— To  beat; 

LEATHER  AWAY,    is   tO   hUlTy. 

The   defendant    leathered   ber  with   a 
stick.        C.Patr.   1894, Aug.  17.   p.7,col.6. 

Ah  saw  a  girt  hunk  of  a  fella  ledderan 
away  doon  t"  rwoad.      Scoap.   p. 6,  line 3. 

Ledderer,  g.  (leddh.ur'Ur)— 
Anything  large. 

Ledder  heed,  g. — A  blockhead. 

Ledder-hungry :    see  Whillimer. 

Ledder  lungs,  G.  (luongz)— A 
garrulous  or  noisy  person. 

Ledder-plate,  n.  (plaet) — A  race 
for  inferior  horses. 
He'd  reyde  off  to  cock-feghts,  an  ledder- 
plate  reaces. 

Anderson — Tom  Linton.    Stz.  2. 

Ledder-te-spatch,  g.  (leddh.U'R'TI 
spaach)  —  A  particular   kind    of 
step  in  a  dance. 
Theystartit  heaamageaan  as  hard  as  the; 

could  ledder,  teh  t'  teunn  ah  leddertv 
spatiii.  Scoap.    p.  76,  line  10. 


197 


Led  farm,  g.  (led  faar'm) — An 
additional  farm  on  which  the  occu- 
pier does  not  reside. 

Lee-co',  c.  (lee-kau).  A-co,  c. 
(aa-kau).  Leek,  ne.  (leek). — 
"Look  out" — a  term  used  in  hand- 
ball play.  Also  the  ball  thrown 
over  the  school  house.  See  Hee 
bo'  leep. 

Leemers,    g.    (lee.mu'R'z)  —  Eipe 
hazel  nuts. 
"Ay  lads !  leuk  yonder  for  broon  leemers." 

An'    they    talk    aboot    single    nuts    an' 
clusters  an'  leemers. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  9.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Leem  out,  c,  e.  (leem  oot).  Leeam, 
sw.  (leeu'm). — To  drop  out  like 
ripe  nuts ;  to  strip  ;  (nw,  ne.)  to 
pour  liquid  out  of  a  vessel,  or  corn 
or    dry  substance    out  of   a   bag 

(W.R.). 

Leem  oot  o'  thi  cooat.  an'  gang  an'  buckle 

teea.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  8. 

Leep,  g.  (leep) — To  parboil. 
"  Leep  them  giblets,  Peggy."    N 

Leesh. :   see  Lish. 

Leester :   see  Lister. 

Leetly  gitten  leetly  gean,  g. 

(lee.tli  git.U'N,  giaan)— "  Light 
come  light  go." 

Leetnin'  afoor  deeth,  g.  (lee.tnin 
utoou'R'  deeth)— A  lucid  interval 
preceding  death. 

Leet  on,  g.  (leet  aun) — To  meet 
with. 
"  I  leet  on  him  at  t'  cross  rwoads." 

I  thowt  I  trudg't  on  till  I  leet  iv  n  man. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  52,  line  1. 

Leeve,   as  — :  g.  (leev).  Lyve 
(laaiv). — Soon,  rather. 
I'd  as  leeve  pay  603.  out  of  my  own  pocket 
before  I  would  go  to  Court. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Dec.  15.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

I'd  as  lyve  hev  that  tudder.      W.D. 


Leever,  g.  (lee.vu'R')  —  Sooner, 
rather. 

"  I'd  leever  hev  this  ner  that'n." 

I'd  liefer  ye  put  a  pistol  til  me  than  speak 
as  ye're  doing  of  her. 

Todhunter's.    p.  286,  line  8. 

Leeve  teal,  Leef  teal,  g.  (leef 
tiaal) — Easy  to  sell  or  dispose 
of ;  easy  to  turn  to  account. 

Leg  away,  g.  (leg  itwae.) — To 
walk  quickly. 

Lep  :   see  Lap. 

Lert,  p.,  e.,  sw.  (luort).  Jert,  c, 
nw.  (juort).  Lirt,  e.  (ltjr't). — 
To  jerk ;  to  throw  a  stone  with 
the  hand  from  the  hip. 

Lessil  (les.ux) — A  wanton  woman 
(not  known  to  correspondents). 

Ferguson — Dialect,  p.  80. 

Let,  g.  (let)— Did  alight. 

"He  leap  off  t'  dike  top  an'  let  in  a  bog." 

Let  be,  g. — To  let  alone,  leave  un- 
touched. 

Let  me  be.    It'll  pass  off. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  210,  line  1. 

Lethera :    see  Yan. 

Let  leet  on,  or  into,  g. — To  open 
up  mysteries  or  secrets. 

Let  on,  G. — Tell,  inform. 

"  Ah  nivver   let  on  that  Ah  kent  aw 
aboot  it." 

If  he  wadn't  let  on  ah  wad  give  em  an 
inklin  eh  t'  wurds.       Scoap.    p.  74,  line  13. 

Let  slap  at,  g.  (slaap  at) — To 
strike  quickly  at. 

Let  wit,  G. — To  pretend,  pay  atten- 
tion to,  to  make  known.  "Don't 
let  wit  " — seem  as  if  you  did  not 
see  or  know. 

Pot  me  hands  eh  me  pockets,  woakt  whietly 
on,  an  niver  let  wit  ah  hard  them. 

Scoap.    p.  9,  line  14. 

Leuf :   see  Leu  v. 


198 


Leug,  Obs. — Did  laugh. 
I  hotch'd  and  leug. 

Graham — Gwordy.    line  106. 

Leuk,  G.— To  expect ;  leuk  to,  is  to 
attend  to,  to  keep  an  eye  on. 

She's  leukin'  to  seein'  you  to-day. 

Midsummer,    p.  6,  line  17. 

Let  ladder  leuk  to  t'  kye. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  1. 

Leum,  g.  (liuom) — A  loom  ;  a  tool ; 
a  scamp. 

"  He's  an  ill  leum." 

And  when  puir  Dick's  thrang  on  the  luim, 
She's  off  to  Jwohnny  Gowdy. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  2. 

Leuv,  Leuf,  g.  (liuof)— The  hollow 
of  the  hand. 

You  could  ha'  hodden  a  quarter  of  a  steane 
in  t'  leufe  o'  your  hand 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col. 2. 

Leuve,  a,  n.  (liuov)— Love.     The 
word  'Move"  is  seldom  heard  in 
ordinary  converse  in  the  county. 
For  thy  leuve's  better  ner  wine. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.  I.  2. 

Leyle :   see  Laal. 

Liable,  g.  (laai.bux) — Apt;  have 
a  propensity  to  ;  reliable. 
"  He's  liable  to  get  drunk  if  he's  ought 
in  his  pocket." 

Lib,  G.  (lib) — To  castrate. 

Swear  he  wad  lib  the  fiddler's  graith 
If  he  com'  in  his  clutches. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  36. 

They've  bought  most  of  the  folk  and  made 
them  as  lazy  as  libbed  bitches. 

Son  of  Hagar.    Vol.  III.  .  p.  102,  line  1. 

Lick-f or- smack :   see  Te-lick. 

Lick  on,  lig,  g.     Lay  lick  on. — 

To  discover;  to  see. 

"  I  could  never  lig  lick  on  him  efter  he 

went  round  t'  corner." 

Lie  kin',  g.  (lik.in).  Licks. — A 
thrashing,  but  specially  one  given 
to  a  girl  by  her  mother. 


There's  no  need  for  ladder,  but  mudderil 
give  her  a  lickin  hersel. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  4. 

Thoo  maun  promise  not  to  give  me  my 
licks  for  suppin'  treacle. 

Pearl  in  a  Shell,    p.  183,  line  9. 

Lick  plate,  e.,  sw,  nw.  (lik  plaet) 
— A  sycophant. 

Lids  (lidz) — Manner,  fashion.   (Not 
known  to  correspondents). 
"In    other   manner" — just    the    same 
phrase  as  our  "  other  lids,"  and  "  like 
lids."  Ferguson,    p.  184. 

Lift  (lift) — g.  Help,  assistance ;  a 
trick  at  cards,  (a,  sw.,  n.,  e.)  The 
sky.  (g.)  The  bend  in  the  shaft 
of  a  spade,  giving  room  for  the 
lower  hand,  and  easing  the  opera- 
tion of  lifting  (Obs.  in  sw.). 
"He*ll  give  us  a  lift  at  a  pinch" — render 
assistance. 

They  bangt  us  oa  teh  bagwesh  at  gittan 
lifts,  an  they  mannisht  teh  mak  yan  be 
cards.  Scoap.    p.  27,  line  13. 

Cynthia  frae  the  lift  did  shyne. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.   Stz.  14. 

— To  leave  a  company,  to  go  away  ; 
to  take  away  ;  to  remove  a  corpse 
for  burial. 

Well,  well  .  .  .  Dar !  I  maun  be  liftin 
however.    J.  Ar. 

He  had  not  lifted  his  sow. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  11,  col.  4. 

When  the  corpse  was  going  to  be  lifted 
oh  the  funeral  day  the  same  person  had 
to  go  and  tap  (on  the  bee-hive)  once  and 
say  "  They're  gaun  to  lift." 

W.C.TX.    1892.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Lig,  G.  (lig) — To  lie  down  ;  (e)  Lig 
down,  to  give  up,  "turn  tail." 
Spy't  t'  grunstane  lig  gen  i'  two  bits. 

KirHARDSON,  1st.    p.  86,  line  :>. 


Lig  a  learn  on,  G. 
jure  a  limb,  etc. 


-To  brutally  in- 


199 


Lig  at,  g.  (aat) — To  work  hard  at ; 
to  beat,  to  strike. 

"  Lig  at  him,  lad." 

Liggers,  c,  EC,  Ws.  (lig.u'R'z)  — 
Layers ;  growing  wood  notched 
and  laid  along  a  hedge. 

Liggy  :   see  Tommy  Loach. 

Liggy  bed,  Cs.,  Ws.  (lig.i  bed)— A 
person  addicted  to  late  rising. 

Lig  in,  g.  not  n.,  e. — To  strive  zealous- 
ly, work  hard.  (Cs.)  To  thrash, 
beat,  (w.,  nw,  nc.)  To  dig  below 
the  foundation.  To  undermine 
the  coal  in  a  working  preparatory 
to  wedging  or  blasting  it  down 

(R.W.M.). 

On  they  ran  till  they  gat  within  aboot  a 
hundred  yards  o'  t'  winnin'  post; — hoo 
Bob  did  lig  in.    Betty  Wilson,  p.  79,  line  8. 

Lig  ma  lag,  c,  sw.  (mu'  laag)— 
Abundance ;  too  much. 

Lig  on,  g. — To  be  of  importance ; 
incumbent  upon. 
"  It's  liggan  upon,  and  mun  be  done." 

It  seemt  liggen  upon  at  ah  mud  gang 
theer  an  than  adoot  me  dinner. 

Scoap.    p.  180,   line  14. 

Like,  c,  sw.  (laaik).     Leyke,  N., 
nw.  (laeik) — In  danger  of,  likely, 
disposed  to,  obliged. 
"  It's  like  to  fo'."    "  He'll  be  like  to  come." 
"He  was  like  to  laugh." 

T'  oald  maizlin  was  like  to  toytle  of  his 
steul  wid  laughin'. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  4,  line  7. 

He's  leyke  to  be  mey  deeth. 

Anderson — Bashful  Wooer.    Stz.  5. 

Like,  g. — This  is  frequently  used  as 
an  affix,  thus  :  good-LiKE,  111-like, 
happy-LiKE,  etc.  qualifying  good, 
ill,  etc.  An  idea  of  caution  or 
reserve  always  accompanies  the 
use  of  this  word  which  is  fre- 
quently followed  by  "  but." 
A  real  nice-LiKE  bairn  but  looks  delicate. 

J.  Ar. 


He  found  the  defendant  standing  there 
"  very  crazed  like." 

C.  Patr.  1893,  Sept.  23.  p.  3,  col.  1. 
T"  gentleman  was  a  queerish  like  oald 
chap.  Gibson — Joe.    p.  1,  line  11. 

Liker,  g.  (laai.ktj'R') — More  likely. 

Willie  thowt  Tom  Wilson  was  liker  to 
pay  him  for  his  car,  an'  his  bands. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  45,  line  2. 

Likin',  c.  (laai.kin).     Leykin',  n., 
nw. (laei.kin) — Fondness,  liking; 
dear  one. 
Mey  leykin'  for  thee  I  can't  smudder. 

Anderson — Dicky  Glendining.  Stz.  2. 
To  a  child  in  the  Abbey  Holme  may  be 
heard    said  —  "  Come    hither,    my    leyl 

LEYKIN."        J.H. 

Lilly,  g.  (lil.i) •— To  flatter,  cajole ; 
to  fondle,  caress. 

"She  lilly't  t'  oald  man  up  till  she  gat 
him  an'  his  money  and  o\" 
Yah  day  when  she  was  lillyen  om  meh 
up,  at  fadder  wad  hev  teh  mind  his  p's 
an  q's  if  he  dudn't  want  me  teh  slipe. 

Scoap.    p.  8,  line  5. 

Lilt,  g.  (lilt) — A  short  and  lively 
piece  of  music  ;  a  springing  action. 

An'  lissen  oot  that  brave  oald  lilt, 
An'  hear,  at  ivery  stave  they  played. 

Gibson— Ben  Wells.  Stz.  2. 
Wid  a  lilt  iv  her  step  an'  a  glent  iv  her 
eye.  Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  1. 

— To    sing   merrily   without    using 
words ;  to  move  with  a  lively  action. 
They  seem't  as  happy  as  two  burds, 
'At  flit  frae  tree  to  tree  i'  spring 
For  scearse  ten  yerds  I'd  gitten  by 
When  they  began  to  lilt  an'  sing. 

Kichardson,  1st.    p.  65,  line  5. 

Lim,  G.  (lim) — A  mischievous  per- 
son; limb. 

A  limb  o'  a  chap  co'd  Will  Greamm,  gat 
a  nice  handy  bit  o'  rail,  bored  a  whol  in  't, 
fulled  it  wid  poocler. 

W.C.T.X.    1893,    p.  4,  col.  3. 

For  sham'  Bell !  thoo's  a  fair  lal  limb. 

Yance-a-Year.     p.  6,  line  15. 


200 


Limmer,  g.  (lim.U'R') — Flexible, 
supple. 

A  limmer,  bonny  fairy  she. 

Gilpin— Songs,  3rd.  Bigg's  Lile  Polly, 
p.  144.  line  2. 

Limmers  :   see  Car  stangs. 

Limmish,  G.  (limjsh) — Inclined  to 
mischief. 

Gwordy  Telford,  t'  best  man,  was  a  lim- 
mish swort  ov  a  fellah. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  8,  col.  4. 

Limp :   see  Flidder. 

Line,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (laain)  —  Flax — 
Lin um  usitatissimum . 
T"  whirring  an' t'  burring  o'  t'  woo  an' t' 
line  wheels.       Borrowdale.    p.  2,  line  5. 

Line  of  eggs,  a,  sw. — The  course 
of  laying  eggs  by  a  fowl. 

Lines,    g.  —  Banns   of   marriage. 
(Alston)  Marriage  licence. 
"Tom's  gaun  t'  see  t'  parson  an  put  t' 
lines  in,  an  than  neest  Sunday  they'll  be 
ax't  at  church." 

Line  wheel,  G.  —  The  wheel  on 
which  linen  thread  is  spun.  See 
Line. 

Ling,  G.  (ling) — Heather — CaUuna 
vulgaris.    Besoms  are  often  made 

of  LING. 

Broon  hill  ower-groun  wi'  ling. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  13,  line  10. 

Yonder  Joe  Roberts  muckin  his  field  for 
ling  besoms.     Cumbriana.   p.  234,  line  16. 

Ling  berry  :   see  Crake-berry. 

Ling  co we,  c,  e.,  sw.  (kauw). 
Heather  cowe,  n. — A  stem  or 
bare  branch  of  heather. 

Ling  honey,  g.  (uon.i) — Honey 
collected  by  bees  having  access 
to  heather,  and  reckoned  superior 
both  in  quantity  and  quality. 
Ling  honey  is  sartinly  t'  best  kind  o' 
honey.  W.C.T.X.   1896.   p.  29,  col.  1. 


Lingy,  Ling  bird,  Moortidy, 
c,  sw.  (ling.i;  moou'R'-taai.di). 
Mosscheeper,  Mosschilper,  c, 

WC,     N.,     NW.     (MAUS-CHILP.U'R' ; 

chekpu'R').  Titling. — Meadow 
pippit  or  Ground  l&rk— A nthusyra- 
tensis;  this  is  the  "  Cuckoo's  maid 
(mate)  "  referred  to  in  the  phrase 
"  Cuckoo  an'  t'  laal  bird." 
Golden  plover,  ling-birds,  larks. 

Nature,    p.  13,  hue  4. 

Trill  thy  sweet  lay  thou  wee  mosscheeper. 
Armstrong — Wanny  Blossoms,    line  4. 

Link- on,  g. — A  man's  female  com- 
panion for  the  fair  day. 

Linn,  EC,  N.  (lin) — A  precipice. 

Linsty  wunsty,  c.(linst.i-wuonst.i) 
— A  cloth  made  of  linen  and  wool 
mixed. 

His  brutches  was  meaad  eh  that  blue- 
gray  LINSTEY-WUNSTEY  mak  O'  Stuff. 

Scoap.    p.  24,  line  11. 

Lipe,  sw.,  e.  (laeip) — A  large  por- 
tion, usually  applied  to  land.  See 
Slipe. 

"  T'  railway's  tean  a  girt  lipe  off  our  croft." 

Lippen,  g.  (lip.U'n)  —  To  trust, 
rely  upon. 

Ye  may  put  that  in  when  ye  get  intil  yer 
pulpit,  and  then  ye'll  deceive  none,  but 
them  that  lippen  till  ye. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  77,  line  17. 

Ah  wad  seuner  lippen't  dog  nor  'im.  S.D.B. 

Lirk,  c,  e.,  n.  (lurk)— A  crease, 
wrinkle. 
"  Poo  up  thy  stockins,  they're  o'  lirks." 

Sup  some  poddish,  an'  tak'  t'  lirks  oot  o' 
thy  skin.  Gibson,    p.  187. 

Lirt :   see  Jert. 

Lish,  c,  sw.,  e.  (lish).  Leesh,  N. 
(leesh). — Supple,  active. 

He  turn't  oot  to  be  a  far  lisher  oald  chap 
nor  a  body  wad  ha'  thowte. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  2,  line  11. 

M —  was  a  very  lish  man  for  his  age. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  July  18.    p.  7,  col.  6. 


201 


Lishlike,  g. — Well  made. 

Lisk,  g.  (lisk)— The  flank  or  groin. 
He  streened  his  lisk  wid  tryin'  to  cross- 
buttick  him.      S.D.B. 

Lister,  a,  sw.,  e.  (listth.u'R')- 
Le ester,  c,  n.  (lee.stthu'R'). 
Lyster,  nw.  (laai.stthu'r). — A 
pronged  and  barbed  fish  spear. 
And  next  down  wi'  t'  listers  and  out  wid 
a  howe, 
And  away  into  t'  beck  efter  dark. 

Cumbrian  a.  p.  253,  line  4. 
Ah  yance  saw  a  chap  up  a  big  eller  tree 
throw  a  leister  at  a  salmon. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Listin,  g.  (list.U'n) — Woollen 
selvages ;  list. 

Listy,  g.  (list.i)— Strong  and  active; 
ready  handed,  nimble. 

As  lish,  listy  dealsman  as  ivver  ye'd  see ; 
As  streight,  ivvery  yan,  as  a  poplar  tree. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  81,  line  2. 
Sam's  listy  fingers  seun  began  t'  breetan 
it  up.  C.  Pacq.  1893,  Sept.  14.  p.  7,  col.  3. 

Lite  on,  g.  (la ait  aun)— To  rely 
on  ;  trust ;  depend  on.  As  a  rule 
accompanied  by  a  negative,  and 
even  where  it  is  not  explicitly 
stated,  there  is  always  the  nega- 
tive idea  predominant. 

"  I'd  light  on  thee  to  pay  't." 

"  Tom,  dis  t'  oald  sue  catch  fish  ?  "    "  Wey, 
she's  nut  ta  lite  on." 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  20,  line  5. 

Lither,  nw.,  ne.  (lith.U'R')— Idle, 
lazy. 

An  now  I'm  nowther  leath  nor  lither. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  13. 

Little  Hawk,  c.  Red  Falcon. — 
Merlin  —  Falco  cesalon.  Chicken 
hawk  (g.d.)     See  Blue  hawk. 

Little  House-leek — Biting  Stone- 
crop — Sedum  acre. 

Loave  !  Loavin  days  !  (lau.vin- 
daez) — Exclamations  of  surprise 
or  delight  (Loving  Jesus). 


But,  loavin'  surs  ! 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.   p.  7,  line  7. 

Bit,  loavins  me  !  it's  nut  ya  thing — it's 
ivvery  thing.  Richardson,  1st.  p.  59,  line  9. 

Lob,  G.  (laub)— To  throw  under- 
hand. 

Lobby  lowe,  g.  (laub.i  lauw)— 
—A  nursery  term  for  a  flickering 
flame. 

Lock,  G.  (lauk)— A  term  in  wrest- 
ling, used  when  the  left  (right)  leg 
is  passed  between  the  opponent's 
legs,  and  then  twisted  round  his 
right  (left)  leg  by  a  motion  which 
is  first  backward,  then  outward, 
and  finally  forward,  so  that  the  toe 
comes  as  much  as  possible  to  the 
front  of  the  adversary's  shin.  The 
two  wrestlers  will  then  be  stand- 
ing almost  side  by  side,  and  the 
opponent  must  be  thrown  back- 
ward by  turning  forcibly  to  the 
left  (right).  Also,  an  undefined 
quantity. 

"A  lock  o'  money."  "  A  laal  lock  "  ;  "a 
girt  lock." 

A  lock  o'  t'  warst  hands,  mebby,  (gat)  a 
good  hidin'.      Richardson,  1st.  p.  19,  line  3. 

— To  mix  a  pack  of  cards— some 
faces  up  and  some  down. 

Lockerty,  Lockin  gowan :  see 
Gollin. 

Lockin,  n.,  nw.  (lauk.in)— A  split 
iron  pin  for  securing  a  window- 
bolt,  etc. 

Lofa  :  see  Yan. 

Lofe,  c,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (lauf).     Lwof, 
c,  n.  (lwauf).     Laaf,  sw.  (laaf) 
— Offer;  opportunity,  chance. 
"He'd  nea  lofe  o'  sellin." 

"Twea  to  yin  of  a  loff." 

Yance  I  hed  t'  lofe  an'  I'd  luck  to  say  no, 
an'  I  niver  hed  t'  lofe  agean.  Gibson,  p.  187. 
I  was  alius  a  varra  bad  sayer  nay,  when 
I  hed  t'  loff  iv  owt  to  drink. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  5,  line  8. 


202 


—To  offer. 

Ah'd  lofed  him  it  an'  he  wadn't  tak  't. 

S.D.B. 

Loft,  g.  (lauft)  — A  garret;  the 
second  story  of  a  farm-house,  open 
to  the  rafters. 

I'll  lig  in  the  loft,  an  gie  mey  bed  to  thee. 
Anderson — The  Aunty.  Stz.  1. 
The  loft,  that  is  the  bedrooms  of  larger 
proportion,  had  been  cleared  of  gear,  and 
a  dancing  room  provided. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.     p.  6,  col.  1. 

Log,  g.  (laug)— Still,  quiet. 
"He  can  swim  in  log  watter." 

Logger-heed,  g.  (laug.u'r-eed) — 
A  blockhead,  stupid  person. 
Keep  off  them  rods  yeh  gert  loggerheeds. 
W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Logger-heed— (c,  sw.)  Any  kind 
of  moth.  (wc.,nw.,e.)  The  Ghost 
Moth— Hejrialus  h  umvli.  See  Straw- 
berry 1. 

Logie,  H.  (laugi)— The  kiln  hole, 
where  is  the  fire-place  underneath 
the  corn  kiln. 

u  I  have  seen  when  a  boy  a  good  company 
gathered  together  in  the  winter  nights  in 
the  Kiln  Logie,  and  when  the  wind  was 
not  favourable  for  the  Kiln  drawing  the 
fire,  it  used  to  blow  down  the  "reek"  and 
fill  it  with  a  dense  smoke  "  (J.  Hether- 
ington). 

Wheyle  'bacco-reek  beath  but  an'  ben, 
Had  full'd  leyke  a  kiln  logie. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  47. 

Loll,  c,  e.  (latjl).  Lallup,  e.,nw. 
(laal.u'p).  Lollup,  NW.  (laul.- 
ut)  —  To  hang  out  the  tongue 
derisively,  to  lounge  about. 
Ah  thowt  ah  could  see  em  sittendoonLAL- 
luppen  oot  his  tung.  Scoap.  p.  22,  line  15. 
Them  nasty  lallopping  currls,  I  niver 
could  abide  them. 

Lizzie  Lorton.   II.   p.  290,  line  7. 

Lollard,  c,  Ns.  (laul.U'R'd).   Lolyl, 
e. — A  lazy  person. 
"Liggy-bed  lollard,  ten  o'clock  schollard." 
Old  Rhyme. 


Lollick,  ec,  w.  (laul.ik.)— A  large 
slice. 
A  lollick  o'  bacin.    S.D.B. 

Cut  us  a  lollock  o'  fat  an'  a  lollock  o' 
lean.  Pen.  Obs     1898,  May  3. 

Lolly,  c,  w.,  nw.,  e.  (laul.i).  Lol- 
licker,  nw.— Tongue. 

Oppen  thy  gob,  hinny,  an'  put  out  thy 
lolly.  Cumbriana.    p.  219,  line  3. 

Lonnin,  g.  (laun.in)— Lane. 

He  thought  it  was  a  lonning  because  the 
dust  was  on  the  grass. 

C.  Patr.   1804,  Mar.  30.   p.  6,  col.  5. 

Lonter,  g.(launtth.U'R')— To  loiter. 

"He  lonter't  on  amang  t'  nut  trees  tull 
he  was  ower  leat  for  t'  skeul  and  gat 
paik't  for  't." 

Lonterin'  fwoke's  ola's  lazy  fwok. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  187. 

Lonter  pins,  mak  —  :  c— Said  of 
of  a  man  when  he  was  idling,  that 
he  was  making  lonter  pins,  purely 
fictitious  things  ;  slaters  and  wal- 
lers used  to  fill  up  their  time  by 
making  oaken  pegs  for  slates,  for 
nails  were  not  in  use.     j.b. 

Look,  c,  n.,  e.  (liuok).  Lowk,  sw. 
(laawk)— To  weed  corn,  etc. 

Theear  was  steane-gedderin',LooKiN'cworn, 

turmet  thinin'. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Ga  an'  look  that  field  o'  havver.    J.H. 
Loom :    see  Sloom. 
Loonder,  g.  (loo.nddher'  ;   laun- 

DDH.U'R')— A  blOW. 

Up  wih  his  empty  bottle,  an  brang  men 

sec  a  loonder  ower  t'  heid. 

Scoap.    p.  20  Hue  IS. 
— To  beat  severely;  to  run  or  scam- 
per about. 

Warder  thowt  ah  was  gaan  ten  loonder 
em  when  he  saw  me  neif  up. 

Scoap.    p.  209,  Km  ft 

As  I  com'  lunderin'  on  t'  Squire  cocked 
bis  pistol.  W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.4,col.2. 


203 


Loop,  G.  (loop) — A  stitch  in  knitting. 
See  Kest. 

— c. — To  put  loops  of  slender  rods 
(loop  rods)  on  the  tops  of  walls  or 
bare  hedges  to  prevent  sheep  leap- 
ing over. 

Loot,   g.   (loot).     Lowt.     Gloot, 

sw.  (gloou't). — A  clumsy  or  stupid 

lad. 

"  He's  nought  bit  a  girt  lowt  aa  tell  tha." 

I  willn't  be  kiss't,  thou  unmannerly  loot. 
Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  6. 

T"  girt  gloot  glumpt  an  wreaat,  bit  sed 
laal  efter  that.  Scoap.    p.  214,  line  1. 

Loover — An  opening  in  a  roof  to 
let  out  the  smoke,  etc.    See  Snap. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  82.    (Not  known 
to  correspondents). 

Lop,    e.    (laup)  —  A   flea  —  Pulex 

irritant,    A.C. 
Loppen,  G.  (laup.u'n)— Leapt. 

Ah  was  sooa  pleast  ah  could  a  varra  nar 
lo-ppen  oot  o'  me  skin.     Scoap.  p.  100,  line  4. 

Lopper't,  G.  (laup.U'R't) — Coagu- 
lated, curdled. 

She  had  the  power  of  the  evil  eye,  and 
could  make  the  milk  wentit,  the  cream 
loppert.  W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  13,  col.  2. 

Lost  i'  dirt,  g.  (laust.U'  duor't)— 
Extremely  dirty. 

"  Yon  poor  barn's  fairly  lost  i'  dirt,  an*  t' 
mudder's  ower  heed  an'  ears  i'  muck." 
Poor  lahl  things,  nearly  lost  i'  dirt  ! 

Midsummer,    p.  51,  line  18. 

Lough  duck,  n.  (lauwf-duok.) 
Lough,  teal. — "Widgeon — Mareea 
Penelope. 
The  shrill  whistle  of  the  lough  ducks. 

Fauna,    p.  282,  line  10. 

Lough,  whol,  c. — A  hole  or  cavity 
in  rocks,  etc. 

Lounderer,  c,  Ns.  (lauw.nddhu'R'- 
U'R')— Any  thing  heavy  or  ungainly. 
Now  loundrin'  shives  of  cheese  an'  breed 
Are  down  their  gizzrin's  whang'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 


He's  a  great  lounderan  fellow. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  29,  line  2. 

Louping  ill,  g.  (lauw.pu'n  il) — 
The  Gnaw  disease,  Thorter  ill — 
Ilydrorachitis  in  sheep. 
A  letter  ...  on  the  subject  of  louping  ill 
in  sheep,  the  chief  and  most  conspicuous 
feature  of  which  is  contraction  of  the 
muscles  and  limbs. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Aug.  25.    p.  4,  col.  6. 

Lousy  bed,  c.  (loo.zi  bed).  Heed 
warks,  wc. — Red  Robin  or  Camp- 
ion— Lychnis  diurna. 
A  superstition  exists  that  should  a  child 
pick  the  flowers  of  the  red  species  it  will 
soon  lose  its  father  by  death ;  if  the  white 
flowers  (Thunner  flooer)  be  taken,  then 
the  mother  will  die.  Hence  the  plants 
have  been  given  the  names  of  "  fadder 
dees  "  and  "  mudder  dees."      W.H. 

Lousy  beegle  or  Clocker,  g 
Clock.  Broon  clock,  wc 
Bessy  c,  ec.     Turd  c,  SW 

(tuor'd). — The  Dor  beetle— Geo 
trupes  stercorarias.  To  most  beetles 
is  attributed  the  power  of  pro- 
ducing bad  weather  if  they  are 
killed,  consequently  children  care- 
fully avoid  destroying  or  hurting 
them.  Turd  c.  may  also  be  Carabus 
riolaceus,  whilst  Bessy  clocker  ap- 
pears at  times  to  be  applied  to  one 
of  the  other  Geotrupes  species.  At 
Brampton  the  Brackin  c.  is  called 
Broon  c. 
Loutch,  C,  SW.,  Ns.  (lauwch) — To 
bend  the  back  forward  as  in  old  age. 

Love  in  a  chain,  EC,  E.  Prick 
madam,  sw.  —  Crooked  Yellow 
Stone-crop — Sedum  reflexvm. 

Lowder,  c,  sw. — The  foundation 
supporting  the  nether  millstone. 
This  term  is  used  in  the  records 
of  Greystoke  Castle  relating  to 
Threlkeld  Hall  mill,  where  some 
of  the  customary  tenants  are  bound 
in  turn  to  cart  stones  for  the  re- 
pair Of  the  LOWDER. 


204 


Lowe,  g.  (lauw)  — Flame,  blaze; 
the  torch  used  by  fish-poachers. 
See  Deeth  lowe. 
An'  f  leet  iv  t'  e'e  was  a  green  glentin' 
lowe.      Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.  Stz.l. 

— To  flame,   blaze.     Fish   poachers 
used  a  lighted  torch  at  night,  and 
the  carrying  of  this  is  synonomous 
with  night  poaching. 
"A's  gaan  a-lowin'  to-neet,will  tagang?" 

I  saw  sec  a  fire  on  t'  top  o'  V  park,  as 
I  nivver  saw  befwore  i'  o'  my  life.  It 
lowe't  up  sec  a  heet. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  95,  line  2. 

Lowera :   see  Yan. 

Lowmer,  g.  (lau.mu'R')  —  The 
one  or  part  below. 

Lowmest,  g.  (lailmitst) —  The 
lowest. 

Lownd,  c.  (lauwnd).     Lown,  n.,  e. 
(lauwn).— Calm,  still,  sheltered. 
See  Clock-lownd. 
T'  wedder  began  teh  be  desperat  het  noo 
and  whyte  lownd.      Scoap.   p.  198,  line  12. 

By  peak,  lown  beck,  or  sievy  spring. 

Echoes — Pack  Horse  Bell.    Stz.  6. 

That  lown-liggin  onset  by  fair  Eden  side. 
Echoes — Brokken  Statesman.  Stz.  1. 

Lownd  side,  g. — The  side  in  shelter. 

Lowp,  g.  (lauwp) — A  leap  or  jump, 
either  running  or  standing.  The 
various  kinds  include  Catskip — one 
hitch  or  hop  and  one  jump.  Hitch 
steppin' — hop,  step,  and  lowp  ;  a 
hitch — a  step  and  a  lowp.  Otho — 
two  hitches,  two  steps,  and  a 
lowp.   Lang  spang — two  hitches,  two 

steps,  a  hitch,  a  step,  and  a  lowp. 

Yan  o'  them  (hogs)  gev  a  girt  lowp  ower 
t'  low  end  o'  t'  heap. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  94,  line  4. 

Hitch -step -an' -loup    some    tried    for 
spwort, 
Wi'  monny  a  sair  exertion. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  30. 


— To  leap. 

He  went  lowpin  owre  wet  spots  an'  girt 
steaans. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  2,  line  13. 

Lowpen  siney  :   see  Jump't. 

Low-priced,  G.  (lau-pr'Aaist)— 
Mean,  underhand,  vicious. 

Lowpy-back,  g.  (lauw.pi-baak) — 
Leap-frog. 

Ye've  been  laikin'  at  lowpy-back  o'  t' 
rwoad  heam.  Gibson — p.  188. 

Lowpy-dyke,  G. — A  cow  or  beast 
addicted  to  leaping  hedges ;  a  term 
of  contempt  implying  imprudence 
and  waywardness;  an  unfaithful 
husband  or  wife. 

Tell  it  to  one  of  .  .  .  their  loupie-dyke 
wives.  Mayroyd.    II.    p.  25,  line  2. 

Lowra :   see  Yan. 

Lowse,  g.  (lauws) — Loose ;  out  of 
service  or  apprenticeship. 
We  fand  it  hed  gitten  quite  lowse  i'  t' 
asseltree.      Richardson,  1st.  p.  34,  line  10. 

This  was  the  night  before  the  defendants 
and  other  servants  got  loose. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Nov.  29.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

When  any  'prentice  become  lowse  efter 
hevvin'  sarved  his  'prenticeship. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  16.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Lowsely,  Lowsish,  G.  (la.uw.sish) 
— Somewhat  loose. 

Lowze  oot,G.(LAUWz) — To  unyoke; 
to  set  free  from  apprenticeship, 
etc. 

They  lowst  it  oot,  an  than  rowlt  us 
anunder  a  girt  shed  while  t'  fresh  injin 
was  gitten  yoakt.        Scoap.    p.  18,  Km  15. 

His  own  clothes  were  pawned,  and  he  had 
to  loose  them  out. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  May  6.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Lowz'nin',  g.  (lauw.znin) — When 
an  apprenticeship  terminates  it  has 
been  customary  for  the  young  men, 
friends  of  the  liberated  one,  to  go 
round  the  neighbourhood  to  invite 


205 


the  young  women  to  assemble  at 
the  nearest  inn  on  such  a  day  to 
celebrate  the  loosening  of  the  young 
man  from  his  indentures,  and  to 
solicit  a  ribbon  in  pledge  to  be  re- 
deemed by  attendance.  Tea  was 
provided  at  a  stated  price,  and 
sports  and  dancing  held,  and  the 
profits  given  to  the  young  man  to 
purchase  an  outfit  of  the  tools  of 
his  trade  with  which  to  commence 
as  journeyman. 

Joseph  Bird,  of  the  Crown  Inn,  Stainton, 
intends  holding  his  loosening  on  Martin- 
mas Monday,  when  prizes  will  be  given 
for  shooting,  wrestling,  etc.  Tea  at  four 
o'clock.  Tickets  Is.  each.  A  ball  in  the 
evening.     Pen.  Obs.  1875,  Nov.  2.  p.  4, col.  2. 

"  Posters  "  have  also  been  printed  within 
the  last  two  or  three  years.      E.W.P.   1898. 

Loze,   G.  (lauz) — An  oath — Lord. 
Perhaps  only  a  variation  of  loavins. 

Lubbart,  c,  b.  (luob.itr't)— A  lazy 
fellow. 

How  many  times  have  you  egged  me  on 
to  thrash  him  and  said  you  would  be  at 
my  back,  you  great  lobbart  ? 

C.  Patk.    1895,  July  5.    p.  5,  col.  6. 

Luckpenny,  g.  (luok.pen.i).     Gift- 
again,     C,     E.,     SW.,    NC.     (GIFT- 

itgiaan). — Money  returned  to  the 
buyer  for  luck  on  payment,  com- 
monly a  shilling  a  head  for  cattle, 
and  so  on  in  proportion  for  other 
things. 
I'll  gie  ye  a  gift-again.      A.C. 

As  Jobby  had  had  a  good  week,  the  squire 
asked  him  for  a  luckpenny  back. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  13,  col.  4, 

Lucky,    g.    (luok.i)  —  Big,    easy, 
abundant,  wide. 
"  He  keeps  a  lucky  yard  wand." 

Clothes  or  clogs  are  said  to  be  lucky  if 
they  have  been  made  larger  than  neces- 
sary. 


Luff:   see  Leuv. 

Lufter,  c. — Abundance,  crowd.  See 
Clatch. 

"  A  heal  lufter  o'  fwok  co'  frae  Code- 
beck." 

Lug,  G.  (luog) — The  ear;  the  handle 
of  a  pail,  jug,  etc. ;  (a,  b.)  the  turned- 
up  part  of  a  paring  spade.  Cf. 
Laggin. 

— To  pull  the  hair. 

They  fit,  lugg'd  an  lurried,  aw  owre  bluid 
an  batter. 

Anderson — Bruff  Peaces.    Stz.  6. 

Lug  mark,  g.  Ear-bit,  ec. — The 
chief  ear-  or  ownery-marks  on 
sheep  are  :  bittit,  click' t,  cropp't  or 
stoav't  (restricted  to  Hall  farms, 
belonging  to  the  Lord  of  the 
Manor),  fork't,  fold-bittit,  halved, 
kay-bittit,  punched,  rittit,  shear- 
bittit,  sneck-bittit,  speun-shank't, 
stoov-bittit  or  stow-fork't.  Marks 
are  not  in  use  in  nw.  See  Shep- 
herd's Beuk,  Smit. 
They  had  no  lug  marks,  but  they  corre- 
spond exactly  with  the  missing  sheep. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  April  13.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

Lump-fish :   see  Sea-hen. 

Lurgie,  c,  nw.  (luor'g.i)  —  Lazi- 
ness. 

"  He's  fash't  wi'  lurgie  "  (J.B.).  Fre- 
quently used  as  a  phrase  as,  "  in  t' 
lurgie"  (J.H.) 

—Lazy. 

"  Used  as  a  nickname  ;  the  J — s  are 
called  Lurgies  to  this  day."      J.B. 

Lurry,  G.  (luorm) — A  disturbance, 
struggle. 
In  t'  garden  they  hed  a  lang  lurry, 

For  Billy's  a  Strang  lytle  chap, 
Gilpin — Songs,  1st.    Raffles  Merry  Neet. 
p.  230,  line  17. 

— To  pull  roughly ;  to  hurry  eagerly ; 
persecute. 

"Tak  t'  dog  and  lurry  them  sheep  away." 


206 


To  march  roun  the  town,  and  keepswober, 

The  women-fwok  thowt  wad  be  reet ; 
The  younger  mak  lurrikt  ahint  them. 

Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.   8tz.  10. 

He  duz  lurry  them  rappucks  at  cuh  cree- 

pan  aboot  t'  back  dooar  leaat  at  neeghts. 

SCOAP.     p.  144,  line  17. 

Lush,  g.  (luosh)— To  splash;  to 
drink  copiously  and  frequently. 

For  seun  she  grows  a  lusty  beck 
An  layks  an  loshes  ower  the  steaynes. 

Whitehead— Legends,    p.  19,  line  12. 
He's  lushin  yal  oa  t'  day.      S.D.B. 

Lush  and  lavey,  e.  (luosh  U'n 
lae.vi)— Wasteful  extravagance. 

Lushins,  g.  (luosh.inz) — A  great 
quantity;  plenty  to  drink,  hence 
abundance. 

Lushins  eh  linn ;  an  ivery  mwortal  thing 
a  chap  was  likely  teh  want. 

Scoap.    p.  12,  line  1. 
Lushins  o'  gud  yal  was  theer.      S.D.B. 

Lusty,  EC,  nw.  (luos.ti)— Similar 
to  listy  but  on  the  Upper  Eamont 
also  implies  robust,  powerful  and 
of  symmetrical  proportions.    w.H. 

Lu'tha  !  c.  (loo-dhu').  Laatha  ! 
e.,  nw.  (laa-thu').  —Look  !  See  ! 
An  expression  of  surprise  as  Laa- 

THA   LAD ! 

Lutheh  at  them  fer  two  silly  feulls. 

Scoap.    p.  73,  line  6. 
La'ye  !  quo'  th'  leave,  as  seer  as  deed, 
She  ne'er  was  born  a'  Banton. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  28. 

Lword,  g.  (lwaur'd).  Laird,  n. 
(laeu'R'd). — Lord  ;  a  yeoman  or 
statesman;  (n.)  laird  is  more  gene- 
rally applied  to  the  eldest  son  of  a 
statesman. 

It  was  sent  for  specially  by  Lword  William 
hissel'.  Richardson,  2nd.    p.  8,  line  5. 

Let  the  auld  farren  laird  hae  the  life  of 
a  dog. 

Gilpin — Songs.  Lonsdale's  The  Deil.  p.  24. 

For,  Jock  the  young  laird  was  new-weddit. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  6. 


-ly,  G.  —  This  termination  is  more 
frequently  used  than  in  standard 
English,  but  bears  the  same  sense. 
"  She  was  a  widdowLY  kind  o'  a  body  at 
the  door  " — this  implied  with  the  usual 
caution  of  a  Cumbrian,  that  the  person 
looked  like  a  widow  and  perhaps  might  be 
one. 
Rains  hes  reytherLY  weshed  it. 

Rawnsley.    p.  167,  line  7. 

Ly'a  noo  !  c,  EC.  (laai.U'  noo).  Ly 
ye  !  nw.  (laei-iee).— Listen. 

Lyer,  c,  e.,  sw.  (laai.U'R').  Lythe, 
c,  Ns.,  e.  (l a aith).— Oatmeal  and 
water  mixed  smooth  and  added  to 
broth  to  thicken  it. 

Lyery,  Ns.,  e.  (laai.ur'i)  —  Bull 
fleshed ;  coarse. 

Lyle :   see  Laal. 

Lysta!  c.  (la.ai.stu')— Listen  thou. 

Lysteh,  duz  teh  hear  ?  Scoap.  p.  223,  line  19. 

Lythe,   c,   n,   e.,   nw.   (laaith). 
Lythy,  n.  (laai.thi)— In  a  thick 
smooth  state  like  porridge. 
The  'bacco  was  Strang,  an'  the  yell  it  was 
lythy. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-neet.   Stz.  4. 

Bit  swoaps  o'  drink  an'  guid  lythe  keale 
Cheer  up  each  day. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  36. 

— To  listen  to.     Obs. 

Prayin'  ay  his  seafe  returnin', 

As  she  lythed  the  lengthnin'  blast. 

Stagg — The  Return.    Stz.  8. 

Lythnin,  G—  Thickening,  any  sub- 
stance such  as  flour  used  to  thicken 
broth  etc. 

Lyve,  g. — Alive,  living. 

A  lyve  dog's  better  ner  a  deed  lion. 

Proverb. 


207 


M 

Maap  :   see  Mope. 

Maak:   see  Moke. 

Mackerel  Hawk,  Sea  Hawk, 
Black  Gull,  Kepskite.— Richard- 
son's Skua — Stercorarius  crepidatus. 

M addle,  g.  (maad.U'l) — To  talk 
incoherently ;  to  confuse,  to  be 
confused,  to  ramble. 

This  he  maddelt  ahoot  ebben  endways 
away — 
As  lang  as  he  breath't  it  was  ola's 
his  drone. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  21. 

Maddl't.,  g.  (maad.U'lt) — Confused. 

Mafflan  Feast :  see  Fummellan 
Feast. 

MaffLe,  G.  (maaf.u'l) — To  blunder, 
mislead,    stammer,    mumble ;    to 
idle  time  away  and  spoil  things. 
"He  just  maffles  aboot  an'  dus  no  wt  geud." 

I'll  niver  git  heam  while  Bobby's  my  neam, 
But  maffle  an'  sing  till  I  dee. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  21,  line  11. 

He  wad  a  maffelt  an  toke't  on. 

Scoap.    p.  198,  line  8. 

Mafflin,  g.  (maaf.lin).  Maff,  not  E. 
(maaf) — A  simple  person. 

Whoar's  thy  eyes,  thoo  mafflin, — 'at 
thoo  doesn't  see  t'  buttons  is  at  t'  inside 
o'  t'  ya  feut. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  152,  line  6. 

Ill  pinch'd  to  write,  an'  warse  to  spell, 
Poor  silly  maff  ! 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  139,  line  8. 

Maffly,  g. — Said  of  an  old  person 
who  by  reason  of  age,  is  bewil- 
dered. 
He's  turnin'  varra  maffly.      A.C. 

Maid  :  see  Bluett. 

Mailin',  n.  (mae.lin) — A  farm. 

The  heir  to  a  cosy  bit  mailen'. 

.    E.  C.  News.   1894,  Mar.  10.   p.  8,  col.  1. 


Main  feck :   see  Girt  end. 

Mainly  what,  G.  (mae.nli  waat) 
— Generally  ;  for  the  most  part. 
He  ex't  a  lot  of  udder  gentlemen,  frinds 
o'  his,  mainly  what  parsons. 
Gibson— Bannasyde  Cairns,    p.  67,  line  8. 

Mairt,  ne.,  e.— The  fat  cow  killed 
at  Martinmas.  In  the  last  century 
it  was  a  rare  circumstance  to 
slaughter  a  fat  beeve  at  any  season 
but  in  November,  and  in  some 
districts  rarely  then.    ( ?  Obs.) 

Maister  man,  g.  (mae.stthu'R'MU'n) 
— A  husband ;  master  of  a  house- 
hold. 

Ah  detarmint  when  ah  furst  startit  mais- 
terman,  at  ah  wad  niver  harber  a  fella  at 
was  guilty  eh  tellan  scheul-teaals. 

Scoap.    p.  139,  line  18. 

Mak,  c,  e.,  sw.  (maak).   Meak,  nw. 
(miaak),     Mek,  n.,  e.  (mek)— 
Make,  sort,  kind,  manner. 
"  Ah'll  turn  my  back  of  o'  t'  mak  o'  them." 

An  oald  gentleman  mak'  of  a  fellow. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  1,  line  2. 

He  wasn't  a  chap  o'  that  mek. 

Rosendale.    p.  8,  line  2. 

Mak  a  peer  mooth,  c,  nc,  w. — To 

endeavour  to  excite  compassion. 

Mak  at,  g. — To  attack. 

"  Our  bull  mead  at  him  full  smack." 

Mak  count  on,  g.  (koont  aun) — 
To  reckon  up,  to  take  into  account. 

Mak  on,  g. — To  hurry  on ;  to  treat 
kindly ;  encourage. 
"Mak  on  him  and  he'll  dea  better." 

I'd  better  full  my  pwokes  as  I  liked,  an* 

mak'  on  wid  them. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  4,  line  10. 

Mak  oot,  G. — To  progress. 

"How  is  he  makkan  oot  ?  " 

I  am  afraid  young  Waylad  is  making  badly 
out.  Rosenthal,    p.  136,  line  13. 


208 


Maks,  g.  (maaks) — Kinds  or  sorts. 
See  O'  maks. 

Tourist :  "  What  kinds  of  fish  are  in  your 
lakes  ?  "      Guide :  "  0'  maks  ameast." 

They  dro'  him  on  to  tell  them  o'  maks  o' 
teals  .  .  .  o'  maks  but  true  an's  .  .  .  aboot 
me.  Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  7,  line  3. 

Mak  up  till,  g. — To  curry  favour. 
"Mak  up  till  her  man." 

Malavogue,  w.  (maalu'vau.g)  — 
chastise. 

'I'll  malavogue  theh."    A.T.M. 

Malkin,  c,  se.  (maalkjn)— A  hare 

(Pen.  Obs.).       Malkin   01*  Mawkin   for 

a'  hare  or  a  cat  is  never  used  now 
(J.B.).     See  Puss. 

Mallerd,  sw.  (maal.u'R't)— A  do- 
mestic duck  or  drake,     r.k. 

Mallin,  c,  N¥.  (maal  in)— An  un- 
tidy woman.  Also  (c.)  a  dusting 
mop  for  the  oven. 
T'  yubben  was  sweeped  oot  wid  a  mallin. 
This  mallin  consisted  of  a  lot  o'  clouts 
tied  on  till  t'  end  of  a  stick. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

Mallison,  c,  e.  (maal.isu'n) — A  per- 
son who  is  cruel  to  animals.  See 
Cat  Mallison. 

Thoo's  a  mallison  wi'  a  nag,  an'  thoo 
wadn't  hev  ta  drive  a  cuddy  o'  mine. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  29. 

Bonny  mun  hev  her  extra  feed,  as  ah's 
nea  horse  mallison. 

W.C.T,    1898,  May  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Man,  g.  (maan) — Husband  ;  this  is 
the  term  by  which  a  Cumbrian 
woman  always  refers  to  her  hus- 
band. A  conical  pillar  or  pike  of 
stones  erected  on  the  top  of  a 
mountain;  the  name  of  several 
mountains — Low  Man,  Little  Man. 
See  Mannish. 

Mistress  Wanklethet  fund  'at  her  fadder- 
in-lo'  kent  his  sun  better  nor  she  dud  her 
man.      Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  30,  line  4. 


One  of  the  pikes  of  Carrock  appears  to  be 
similar  to  a  man  of  the  other  fells. 

Sullivan,    p.  59. 

When  Skiddaw  Man  wears  a  hat,  Criffel 
wots  fu'  well  o'  that.      Proverb. 

Man  alive  !  g.  (u'laai.v.).  Mans  ! 
(maans) — Exclamations  of  won- 
der and  surprise. 

Mans  !  it  was  fer  oa  t'  wardle  like  leuckan 
ower  a  rabbit  warren.  Scoap.  p.  222,  line  12. 

Man-grown,  e.  (gr'Iuwn)— A  stick 
or  tree  flattened  in  its  growth  is 
oval,  and  resembles  the  form  of  a 
man's  body. 

Mank,  e.,  nw.  (maank)— To  nod 
with  the  head ;  (e.)  to  talk  in  an 
affected  manner. 

Man-keen,  g.  (keen) — A  bull  or 
cow   given    to   attack    people   is 

MAN-KEEN. 

T'  bull  wos  olas  keep't  terble  man-keen, 
an'  neabody  but  them  ashed  t'  feedin'  on  it 
mud  come  near.  FornessFolk.  p.  44,  line  2. 

Mannerly,   g.    (maan.U'R'Li)  —  Re- 
spectable, decent. 
Ah've  some  mannerly  clias  fer  t'  kirk. 

Pen.  Obs.    Mar.  22. 

Mannish,  G.  (maan.ish;  maan.u). 

Man,  w. — To  manage,  hence  to 

manure  ;  to  be  able  to  do. 

I  willn't  oalas  be  here  to  mannish  for  ye. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  29,  line  10. 

To  git  t'  land  mannished  for  them  farmers 
were  glad  an'  fain  to  set  labourers  a  few 
stitches  o'  muck  on. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Sept.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Mappen  he  can  man  sic  a  laal  job  as  yon. 

J.  Ar. 

Mannishment,  g.  (maan.ishmu'Nt) 
— Management,  but  generally  used 
to  signify  manures  applied  to  land. 
Yan  o'  t'  warst  farmers  'at  ivver  hed  a 
yakker  o'  land  under  his  mannishment. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  129,  line  10. 

"It's  gay  peer  land,  and  '11  bring  nowt 
widoot  plenty  o'  mannishment." 


209 


Man  on,  G. — To  encourage,  urge. 
"  They  man't  their  dogs  on  to  feight." 

The  lasses  were  betting,  and  mann'd  them 
on  gaily.      Rayson — BruffReaces.  Stz.3. 

Manorial  laws — For  other  curious 
laws  and  fuller  accounts  than  are 
here  given,  see  Scott,  p.  194. 

Mant,  n.  (maant)— To  stutter. 

An'  you,  young  woman,  promise  here 

To  honour  an'  obey 
Your  spouse  in  a'  he  may  require  ! 

The  breyde  said,  mantan,  N— yea. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  18. 

Man  thy  sel !  g.— Act  like  a  man  ! 

An  brong  fisher  Jemmy  a  clink  0'  the 
lug; 
The  lasses  they  beldert  out, "  Man  thysel, 
Jemmy." 
Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.    Stz.  6. 

Man  trap,  nw.  (tr'aap)— A  green 
bog. 

To  sledge  home  their  peats 
Dug  up  from  the  man-traps  so  frequent 
and  deep.   Dickinson — Remains,  p.  117. 

Map'ment,  cs.  (maap.mu'nt). 
Maapment,  sw.  (maa.pmtj'Nt). 
— Imbecility,  nonsense,  blunder- 
ing, rigmarol. 

Cum  let's  hev  nea  meear  map'ment. 
But  gradely  feeace  owr  chance. 

Gibson — Map'ment.  Stz.  6. 
"  Hezzent  t'  foke  rown  heeads  i'  Kirby, 
then  ?  "      "  Nea,  that's  o'  maapment." 

Forness  Folk.    p.  11,  line  3. 

Market  bell— At  Carlisle,  the  ring- 
ing of  a  bell  at  10  o'clock  denotes 
the  commencement  of  the  oat 
market,  and  at  10.30  the  bell  is 
rung  for  the  wheat  market.  At 
Cockermouth  and  Penrith,  a  bell  is 
also  rung  when  the  grain  market 
opens. 

Markin'    iron,   g.   (maa.R'ktj'N 
aair'U'n) — A  branding   iron   for 
marking  tools  or  horns  of  cattle, 
etc. 
0 


Marra,   g.  (maar'.a)— A   partner, 
an  equal,  match  ;  marrow. 
N00,  poor  Ben  Wales  is  deid  an'  gean 
His  marrow  willn't  seun  be  seen. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells.  Stz.  4. 
It  wad'nt  a  bin  good  fer  his  marra- 
beaans.  Scoap.    p.  64,  line  21. 

— To  match ;  equal. 

Marraless,  g.  (maar'.alits)— Not 
alike ;  not  having  a  partner,  in- 
comparable. 
Forby  usin  marrowless  buttons, 

To  t'  pocket  whol  he  stitcht  a  sleeve. 
Anderson — Bundles  ov  Oddities.  Stz.  3. 

Marras,  g.  (maar\  as)— Fellows,  a 
pair  as  of  gloves. 

"  This  is  not  the  marrows  of  it,"  these 
are  not  a  pair.  Sullivan,    p.  80. 

She's  the  very  marras  of  her  mother. 

Todhunter's.      p.  265,  line  12. 

Marra  to  bran,  g.  (tit  braan) — 
Much  alike ;  a  match  for ;  equal  to. 
It  was'nt  t'  seaam  bwoat,  ...  bit  t' 
Capten  an  his  crew  was  just  aboot  marra 
teh  bran.  Scoap.   p.  133,  line  14. 

Marry,  c.  (maarm)— Verily. 

"  Marry  deed  ha  " — Verily  he  did. 

Marry  come  up  !  G.  —  An  inter- 
jection sometimes  used  on  the 
receipt  of  ridiculous  news. 

Marsh,  daisy,  nw.  (maar'SH-dae.si). 
Sea  pink.  —  Thrift  —  Armaria 
maritima. 

Mash,    c.   (maash) —  To   crush, 
bruise ;  to  disfigure  by  blows. 
Her  onions  were  mashed  to  mummy. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  10.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

She's  a  kittle  coostomer  is  yon  .  .  .  she'll 
mash  yo  oop  yit,  if  ye  divn't  kep  a  sharp 
luke  oot.         Lizzie  Lorton.   p.  273,  line  11. 

Mass,  c,  e.,  nw.  (maash).    Mash, 
n,  nw.,  sw.  (maask).— To  infuse ; 
to  mix  with  water. 
Ses  she,  "  I  mass't  a  cup  o'  tea." 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  25,  line  5. 


210 


Massacree,  g.  (maas.akr'Ee) — To 
all  but  kill. 

Masselton  batch,  c.  (maas.U'LTU'N 
baach) — A  sack  of  mixed  grain 
ready  for  being  ground. 
A  masselton  batch  will  be  sent  off  to  t' 
mill.  Cumbriana.    p.  254,  line  8. 

Massy,  n.  (maas.i) — "  He's  a  massy 
independent  fellow  " — unduly  in- 
dependent ;  a  term  used  by  a  girl 
who  turns  up  her  nose  at  the  old 
lover,     t.e.l. 

Mastel,  c.  (maast.U'l) — A  patch  or 
border  of  an  arable  field  never 
ploughed.     (Obs.) 

Masterful,    g.   (mae.stu'RTUOl)— 
Determined,  obstinate. 
I  think  that  she  was  the  more  masterful 
of  the  two  for  she  never  gave  in  (J.C.C.). 

Sleep's  a  masterful  brute.  S.D.B. 

Matter,  g.  (maatth.U'R')  —  Some- 
thing nearly  computed. 
"  A  matter  o'  twenty  or  mair." 

— c,  sw,  E. — To  esteem ;  to  reckon. 
"  What  tou's  seun  left  t'  pleas  ?  "  "  Ey, 
I  dudn't  matter't  much." 

Matterable,  Cs.,  Ws.  (maatth.U'R'- 
U'BU'l) — Of  consequence,  import- 
ant. 

"  What  he  does  isn't  matterable." 

Matter-fangled,  Na  (maatth.U'R'- 
faang.U'Lt) — In  incipient  dotage. 
In  ne.  it  "does  not  of  necessity 
mean  dotage,  but  when  a  person 
gets  perplexed  and  not  clear  about 
anything  he  is  matter-fangled  " 

(R.W.). 

Matterless,  g.  (maatth.U'R'LU's) — 
Unimportant. 

Matters,  g. — "  Nea  girt  matters" — 
nothing  to  boast  of. 
Thee  furst  bargin  leucks  neah  girt  mat- 
ters to  be  deuhan  wid. 

SCOAP.     p.  218,  line  3. 


Matty,  g.  (maat.i)  —  The  hob  or 
mark  at  which  players  aim  their 
quoits. 

"  Shifting  his  mattie,"  is  proverbially  used 
for  shifting  position  or  changing  policy  or 
course. 

Ah'd  hardly  shiftit  me  matty  an  geaan 
ower  teh  sit  wih  t'  lasses  a  minnet. 

Scoap.    p.  30,  line  1. 

Mawk,  c,  N.,  E.  nw.  (ma  uk).     Maak, 
sw.  (maak).     Whick,  c,  nw.  n. 
(wik) — Maggot;  silly  as  a  mawk 
is  an  ordinary  phrase. 
"He's  pikin  mawks  oot  o'  a  deed  dog." 

The  mawk  or  blue-bottle  fly. 

Rawnsley.    p.  178,  line  2. 

Mawkin  (mau.kin)— c.  A  slattern ; 
(nw.)  a  feckless  person. 

Mawkison,  c,  sw.  (mau.kisu'n). 
Makison,  nw.  (maa.kisitn)  —  A 
daft  fellow  is  called  a  "  Tommy 

Mawkison  "  ;     derived    from    Mawk 

like  gawvison  from  goff. 

She'd  weddit  a  Tommy  Moakison  for  t' 

seak  of  his  brass. 

Gibson — Wise  Whiff,    p.  27,  line  15. 

Mawk  midge,  N.  (mauk-mij) — The 
flesh-fly  or  blue-bottle— Musca  lar- 

d(i  r  i  a. 

Mawn :   see  Man. 

May  gezlin,  g.  (mae-gezlin)— An 
April  Fool  made  on  May  1st.  There 
is  still  a  strong  prejudice  against 
goslings  hatched  in  May  ;  they  are 
certain  to  be  as  unlucky  as  kittens 
born,  or  lads  and  lassies  married 
in  that  month  (J.  Ar.). 

Maykin,  c,  sw.  (mek.in)— A  silly 
person. 

Mayzle, c, sw., e. (mae.zul).  Maze, 
N.,  E.  (maez) — To  stupify ;  to  wan- 
der as  if  stupified. 
The  people  were  generally  looking  at  one 
another  "  mazed." 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Sept.  7.    p.  7,  col.  2. 


211 


I  believe  he  thowte  I  was  drunk  ;  but  I 
wasn't — I  was  no'but  maizelt  wid  tryin' 
to  finnd  oot  what  I'd  forgitten. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  19,  line  12. 

I  mazle,  an  wander,  nor  ken  what  I's  dien. 
Anderson — Luckless  Jonathan.  Stz.  6. 

Mayzlin',  g.  (mae.zlln) — A  simple- 
ton, one  in  a  state  of  confusion. 
T'  oald  maizlin  was  like  to  toytle  of  his 
steul  wi  laughin. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  4,  line  7. 

Meal  ark,  g.— The  chest  in  which 
oatmeal  is  kept. 

The  oaken  aumbry  and  meal-ark  were 
seen  in  the  wall.     Rawnsley.  p.  156,  line  5. 

Meal  o'  milk,  g.  (miaal  u'  milk) — 
The  milk  given  by  a  cow  at  one 
milking. 

The  milk  had  "  turned "  in  the  dairy, 
though  only  two  meals  kept. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  346,  line  11. 

Meals  (meelz)— Sandhills.  Found 
frequently  in  proper  names,  e.g. 
Esk  Meals,  MEALSgate.  Ellwood.  See 
Fat  hen. 

Mealy  mouth't,  g.  (mee.li  mootht) 
— Using  soft  words  hypocritically ; 
also  applied  to  a  soft  spoken  per- 
son ;  and  to  a  bay  or  brown  horse 
having  a  light-coloured  muzzle. 

Mean,  c,  n.  (miaan  ;  meeu'n)— A 
moaning,  complaint  (Obs.). 
Aul  Gibby  he  gowls,  and  ay  talks  ov  lost 
Jwohnny 
An  sits  on  his  greave,  an  oft  meks  a 
sad  MEANE. 
Anderson — Jwohnny  and  Mary.    Stz.  4. 

Away  I  sleeng'd,  to  Grandy  meade  my 
meane.  Relph — Harvest,    line  21. 

— 'To  moan,  complain.  Obs.  A  horse 
walking  lame  is  said  to  mean  the 
lame  foot. 

Pretendin  some  unlucky  wramp  or  strean 
For  Cursty's  kind  guid-natured  heart  to 
mean.  Relph — Haytime.    Stz.  17. 

02 


Meanneld,  c.  (meen)— A  mesne- 
fleld,  or  one  kept  in  the  hands  of 
the  lord,  and  cultivated  in  small 
plots,  by  tenants  holding  at  the 
will  of  the  lord.  This  word  oc- 
curs in  old  documents  from  which 
Mr  Banks  of  Cockermouth  quotes 
Mesne  .Ing,  Mean  Ing,  Mean  Doats, 
Mean  hill,  Mieen  field,  etc.  See 
Addenda. 

Meat,  g.  not  nw. — Food  generally  as 
distinct  from  flesh  or  butcher  meat. 
A  workman  will  hire  himself  out 
at  so  much  per  week  and  his  meat, 
i.e.  his  food.  See  below. 
Huntin's  nobbet  a  ratchan  kind  o'  busi- 
ness, and  it  taks  o'  t'  meat  out  of  a  body's 
belly.  Cumbriana.    p.  289,  line  6. 

Meat-heal,  c,  e.,  n.  (meet-iaal). 
Meeat heal,  sw—  Healthy  ;  hav- 
ing a  regular  appetite. 

He's  beath   meat-heal   an'   drink-heal, 
Ther'  can't  be  mickle  t'  matter  wid  him. 
Gibson,    p.  189. 

Meat-shop,  a,  Ws.     Meat-hoose, 

c,  nw.,  n—  The  establishment  in 
which  the  servants  are  plentifully 
fed,  is  said  to  be  a  "  geud  meat- 
hoose." 

He  was  yance  aks't  ta  yan  o'  ther  slapish 

meet  hooses,  ...  bit  Harry  wadn't  ga  till 

they  promis't  him  sum'at  gud  for  t'  dinner. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  61,  line  7. 

On  a  Cumberland  farm,  which  is  known 
as  a  "good  meat  shop,"  the  hands  get 
their  teas  sent  out  to  them  every  day. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Med :   see  Mud. 

Medderte,  Meddera  :   see  Yan. 

Meerfield,  Obs.  (meeu'R') — A  field 
or  division  of  land  in  which  the 
several  shares  or  ownerships  were 
marked  out  by  Meerstones.  Ellwood. 
See  Meanneld  ;  Rig  an'  rean. 

Meerish,  g.  (meeu'.rjsh)— Effemin- 
ate. 


212 


Meer-steans,c.,sw.(MEEU'R'-STU'N)— 
Stones  placed  at  the  boundaries  of 
undivided  allotments  to  mark  the 
limits  of  the  owners.     Ellwood. 
Their  lands  were  bounded  all  by  reans 

"With  here  and  there  a  stone. 
T'  was  here  some  riggs  and  there  some 
riggs, 

With  neighbours'  riggs  betwixt. 
C.  Patr.   1870,  May  13.   Auld  Lang  Seyne. 

Meet :   see  Med. 

Meg-wi'-many-feet,  c,  e.,  nw. 
Meg-wi'-many-teaz,  sw. 
(teeaz). — Creeping  buttercup  — 
Ranunculus  nyens ;  (NE.)  the  centi- 
pede— Myrlapuda  (W.A.R.). 

Mekkins,  c,  nw.,  sw  (mek.inz). 
Seggin,  c,  e.,  nw.  (seg.in).  Seag, 
n.  (seeag). — Yellow  iris  or  Corn 
Flag — Iris  pseudacovus.  Mekkins  is 
applied  to  all  the  fern  tribe  notably 
Lastrea  Jilix  and  Athyrium,  but  ex- 
cepting   PterU    aqu'dina    which    is 

Called  BREKKINS  (W.H.). 

Theear's  nobbut  two  maks,  meckins  an 
breckins.      W.H. 

Mel,  c.  (mel) — A  conical  but  not 
peaked  hill  standing  alone,  as  Mel- 
fell,  Melbrek,  etc. 

Mel  (bearing  the  meaning  to  mete  out) 
enters  into  the  composition  of  many 
names.  We  have  MELguards,  a  boundary 
fence  ;  MELbeck,  a  boundary  brook  (Fer- 
guson,   p.  40). 

Melder,  a  (melddh.U'R')— The  quan- 
tity of  meal  ground  at  one  time. 

When  a  farmer  carried  a  few  bags  o' 
havver  to  mak'  into  havver-meal  for  pod- 
dish,  that  was  cawt  a  melder. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  15th.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Mell,  g.  (mel)— (1)  a  mallet ;  (2) 
the  last  cut  of  corn  in  the  harvest 
field  (for  a  full  description  see  Cut) ; 
(3)  the  prize  that  used  to  be  given 
to  the  last  in  a  race. 
The  cellar  door  was  open,  and  a  (1)  mell 
placed  against  it. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  3,  col.  2. 


Winning  the  mell  "  in  any  contest  is 
figuratively  equivalent  to  taking  the 
wooden  spoon  at  the  Cambridge  examina- 
tion for  Honours.  Gibson,    p.  190. 

Still  shamefully  left  snafflen  by  my  sell, 
And  still,  still  dog'd  wi'thedamn'd  neame 
o'  (3)  mell!      Relph— Harvest,  line 66. 


-To  meddle. 

"  He'll  nowder  mell  nor  mak, 
not  interfere. 


■he  will 


They  nivverMELL'To'  neahbody  'at  ivver  I 
hard  tell  on.    Richardson,  1st.   p.  93,  line  1. 

Melldoor,  c.  Ns.,  e.  (meldoou'R') — 
A  door  put  together  with  knobbed 
wooden  pegs.  In  the  east  of  the 
county  the  meldeurs  are  the  double 
doors  enclosing  the  farmyard,  (b.) 
The  passage  between  the  front 
and  back  doors  of  a  farmhouse. 

The  mell-door  or  amell-door  in  a  Cum- 
berland farm-house  is  the  space  or  passage 
between  the  inner  and  outer  doors. 

Ferguson,    p.  167. 

An'  some  o'  th'  hallan  or  th'  mell  deers, 
Their  geylefat  guts  war  clearin'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  47. 

Mell-heedit,  Cs.,  Ws.  (mel-ee.dit) — 
Large  and  square-headed ;  said  of 
a  stupid  fellow  having  a  head 
"  wi'  nowt  in't "  (R.K.). 

Mell  scope,  c,  Ws.  (skaup) — A  con- 
firmed dunce ;  a  wooden-headed 
person. 

Mell  supper  :   see  Kern  supper. 

Mends,  c,  sw.,  e.  (menz).  Mens,  n. 
— Amends,  recompense. 

"  He's  at  t'  height  of  his  'mends  "  — 
nothing  more  to  be  given  or  had. 

But  he  gat  nea  'mends,  dudn't  pooar  oald 
man, 
An'  he  fail't  varra  sair. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.  Stz.  4. 

Bit  he  fand  he  was  at  t'  heeght  iv  his 

mends,  and  sooa  it  endit  with  a  laal  smile. 

SCOAP.     p.  Ill,  line  20. 


213 


Meng,  n.  (meng) — To  renew,  mix 
(Obs.). 

Here,  lan'leady,  some  mair  shwort  ceaks, 
An'  meng  us  up  thar  glasses  ; 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  22. 

Menna :   see  Moont. 

Mense,    G.  (mens) — Propriety,   de- 
cency, decorum ;  recompense. 
"  He  hez  nowder  sense,  nor  mense  " — 
said  of  a  person  who  is  silly  and  un- 
manageable. 

I've  seav't  beath  my  meat  an'  my  mense. 
Proverb.  Used  when  proffered  hospitality 
is  declined.  Gibson,  p.  190. 
"  What  will  he  my  mense  ?  "  or  recom- 
pense. Sullivan,  p.  89. 
Thoo's  rowl't  aboot  i'  t'  muck  an'  mire, 
An  spoil't  thy  cleas  for  mense. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  88,  line  4. 

— To  grace,  ornament. 

For  dishes  acorn  cups  stuid  dessed  in  rows, 

And  broken  pots  for  dublers  mens'd  the 

waws.         Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  10. 

Menseful,  g. — Hospitable,  generous, 
liberal.  A  menseful  swort  of  a 
body;  contra— &  menseless  greedy 
gut. 

If  a  woman  is  kind  and  hospitable  in  her 
own  house,  she  is  said  to  be  "  A  rare 
menseful  body  "  ;  while,  if  she  is  neither 
kind  nor  hospitable,  she  is  said  to  be  a 
"  Menseless  creeter." 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  180,  line  9. 
Cum !  we're  gittin'  back  to  oor  oan  mense- 
ful way  agean. 

Gibson — T"  Reets  on  't.   p.  131,  line  4. 

Ment    (ment)  —  Mixed,    mingled. 

Obs. 

White  shows  the  rye,  the  big  of  blaker 

hue, 
The  bluimen  pezz  green  ment  wi'  reed 

and  blue.       Relph.   Hay-time.   Stz.  3. 

Mep,  n. — Same  as  Nep,  but  is  now 
not  in  use. 

Mere,  c.  (meeu'R')— One  of  the  two 
principal  terms  for  a  lake  of  the 
larger  size :  ThirliiEEE. 


Merry-begot,  g.  (merm-beegaut.) 
— A  bastard. 

That  Joe  Garth   is   a  merry-begot,  I'll 
swear.      Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  103,  line  2. 

Merse,  nw.  (mur*s)  —  The  grassy 
beach  of  the  sea  or  river.  A 
Scottish  word  in  use  at  Rocliffe 
and  amongst  the  people  living  near 
the  estuaries  of  the  Esk  and  Eden. 
As  a  place-name — CuniMERsdale. 


Mess,   g.  (mes)  —  Confusion. 
Amess. 

"He  hez  mead  a  mess  on  't." 


See 


Messan,  c,  sw.  (mes.an).  Messet, 
N.,  e.  (mes.tj't) — A  small  dog  of  in- 
definite breed.  A  term  of  reproach 
to  an  untidy  child. 
We  hounds  slew  the  hare,  quo'  the  bleer'd 
Messan.  Gibson — Proverb,    p.  190. 

It  wad  lick  a  cur  dog  mair  nor  ten  times 
it'  weight, 
An'  mongrels  an'  messans  they  dursn't 
cu  nar. 
Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.    Stz.  3. 

Met  (met) — Mete  or  measure.  For- 
merly a  measure  of  two  bushels 
Winchester. 

Methera  :  see  Yan. 

Methy,  Obs. — A  difficult  respiration, 
as  occasioned  by  the  thinness  of 
the  atmosphere. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  87. 

Metlam  cworn,  c.  (met. lam 
kwaur'U'n) — A  toll  of  corn  paid 
by  certain  lands,  and  measured  by 
the  lord  of  the  manor's  officers  in 
what  is  called  a  Metlam  peck.    Obs. 

Meun,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (mitjon).  Mooan, 
sw.  (moou'n) — The  moon.  Per- 
sons subject  to  a  great  variety  of 
temper  are  said  to  be  "  owder  at 

t'  meun,  or  t'  middin." 

He  cud  see  her  fair  be  t'  leet  o'  t'  meun. 

.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  95,  line  8. 


214 


Meut-ho',  g.  (miuot.-au).  Moothall. 
A  Town  Hall,  as  formerly  at  Kes- 
wick, Cockermouth,  etc. 
T'  main  street  .  .  .  wad  be  a  varra  good 
street  if  it  wassent  for  a  girt  ugly  building 
caw't  Meut-haw. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  113,  line  1. 

Meuthy  wedder,  Es  (mioo.dhi  ; 
miuoth.1  weddh.U'r)  —  Mild  and 
damp  weather. 

Mew,  g.  (mioo).  Moo  (moou')— A 
mow  of  corn  or  hay,  i.e.  corn  or 
hay  housed  ;  if  outside  it  is  a  rick. 
There  crouching  upon  the  mew  he  espied 
what  he  took  to  be  a  large  fox. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  4,  col.  4. 

— Mowed. 

Mew  burnt,  c.  (mioo-buou'R'Nt). 
Mew  brunt,  n„  e. — Over  heated 
in  the  mow  or  stack. 

Mewstead,  c,  n.  (mioosteed). 
Mawwstead,sw.(MAAWSTEEU'D). 
Mowstead,  nw.  (mauwsteed) — 
The  place  where  the  hay  stands 
and  the  mass  of  hay  itself.  See 
Dess. 

3J  Mowsteads  of  oats  in  Dutch  Barn. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  25.    p.  1,  col.  4. 

Mewtle,  c,  e.,  nw.  (mitjot.u'l)— The 
cow  and  ewe  mewtle  when  yearning 
over  their  newly-dropped  young, 
and  uttering  a  low  sound  of  fond- 
ness. 

Mex  !  :  see  Mess. 

Mickle,  g.  (meek.U'l).  Muckle,  N. 
(muok.U'l).  Mitch,  sw,  e.  (mich) 
— Much. 

Noo,  burds  an'  fwok  ur  mickle  t'  seam. 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  15. 

How   muckle   better  is  thy  luive   than 
weyne.  Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.  IV.  10. 

They  hedn't  fund  sa  mich  as  t'  shin  beean 
of  a  cracket. 

Gibson— Bannasyde.    p.  68,  line  6. 


Mickle  what,  g.  (meek.ux-waat) 
— Much  the  same. 
"How's  mudder?"     "Mickle  what,  she's 
parlish  feckless." 

Midden,  g.  (meed.in)— A  heap  of 
farmyard  manure. 

She  telt  o'  sum  stown  .  .  .  mutton  up  on 

f  sleeping  loft,  an'  skins  anonder  t'  middkn. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  18. 

Better  wed  ower  t'  midden  ner  ower  t' 
moor.     Saying. 

Middle  street  steans,  c,  nw.— 
Boundary  stones  where  an  owner 
holds  only  one  side  of  the  village. 

Middlin,  g.  (meed.lin)— Of  moder- 
ate extent,  not  in  good  order  or 
health. 

"  How  are  you  ?  "  "  I's  gaily  weel  to-day, 
but  I  was  nobbut  varra  middlin  yesterday." 

Fadder  said  middlin'  sharp-like. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  1,  line  6. 

Dr  John  Dalton,  a  Cumberland  man,  replied 
to  the  question  asked  by  William  IV.,  as 
to  how  things  were  going  on  at  Man- 
chester, "Very  middlin.'' 

Middlin'  fairly  gaily,  n.— Pretty 
well :  this  curious  mixture  is  not 
uncommon,     j.n. 

Midge,  g.  (mij)— Any  small  fly,  the 
ordinary  house-fly  being  called 
house-MiDGE.  In  the  districts  s.  and 
sw.  of  Cockermouth,  midge  refers 
only  to  the  small  gnat  or  biting 
fly.  Seo  Hell  sweeps. 
Wi'  clegs  an'  midges  hamper't. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  37,  line  1. 

Milker,  g.(meelk.U'R')— A  cow  that 
gives  plenty  of  milk,  is  a  "  top 

MILKER." 

Milkin'  hill,  c.  (milk.in-il)— A  dry 
and  slightly  elevated  open  place 
near  the  farm  house,  where  for- 
merly the  cows  were  milked  while 
standing  loose.  The  name  is  still 
common  in  some  of  the  central 
parishes. 


215 


Milkin'  ring,  c. — A  circle  of  over- 
hanging trees  or  bushes,  usually 
of  holly,  within  which  the  cows 
were  milked  in  hot  weather.  There 
is  a  ring  at  Causeway  Foot,  near 
Keswick. 

Milkin'  side,  G. — The  side  on  which 
the  milker  sits  with  the  right 
elbow  towards  the  cow's  head. 

Milkness,  c,  &,  N.,  nw.  (meelknes) 
— A  dairy  of  cows  and  their  pro- 
duce. 

"We've  a  girt  milkness  this  year"   (or 
t'  year). 

Miller's  thoom,  c,  N.,  E.  Milly 
thoom,  cs.,  Ws.  (mil.i  thuom). 
Milary.  Bottlety, n. (baut.ulti) 
Willow  VrreTL—Phyttoscopus  trochUus. 
Miller's  thoom  is  also  the  name  for 
a  variety  of  pear  known  elsewhere 
as  Bishop's  thumb.    See  Cheeny. 

Millsucken,  g.  (mil.sook.en) — 
Bound  by  tenure  to  carry  corn  to 
be  ground  at  the  manorial  mill. 

Mimp,  c,  Ws.  (mimp)— To  talk  prim- 
ly and  mincingly. 

Min,  G.  (min) — Man  ! ;  this  remark- 
able vocative,  from  man,  is  only 
used  when  speaking  familiarly  or 
contemptuously. 
"  Thoo's  nea  girt  things,  min  ! " 
Hut,  min  !  what  matter  ?  she's  nobbut  a 
woman.      Richardson,  2nd.    p.  145,  line  1. 

Mind,  c,  sw,  e.  (maaind).  Meynd, 
n.,  nw.  (maeind) — Inclination. 
"I've  a  reet  good  mind  to  gang  an   tell 
them." 

Seah  she  conquer't,  an'  pay't  what  she 
hed  a  mtnd.      Betty  Wilson,  p.  127,  line  1. 

— To  remember ;  be  attentive. 

Noo  thu'll  mind  an'  forgit  nowte. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,  p.  17,  line  3. 
We  wull  meind  thy  luive  mair  ner  weyne. 
Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.    I.    4. 
Mire-drum  :   see  Bitter-bump. 
Mire  duck  :   see  Gray  duck. 
Mirk :   see  Murk. 


Misbecome,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (misbee- 
kuom.) — Do  no  credit  to,  not  to  suit. 
I've  a  nwotion  'at  Tom  here  wadn't  mis- 
become white  britches  an'  top  beuts. 
Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  149,  line  14. 

Mischancy,  g.    Chancy,  EC. — 

Risky;   (sw.)  missing  the  oppor- 
tunity (R.K.). 

Mischanter,  c.  (mischaantth.u'r). 
Miscanter,  n.,  e.,  sw.  (miskaan- 
tth.U'R'). — A  defeat,  mishap,  mis- 
fortune. 

An'  aw  maks  o'  mischanters  happened. 
W.C.T.    1898,  Mar.  12.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

Oft  by  miscanter  this  way  led. 

Minstrel — Apparition.    Stz.  7. 

— To  miscarry. 

Mis-co',   G.  (miskau.) — To  miscall 
or  misname,  to  verbally  abuse. 
T'  mair  they  misco't  him  t'  mair  thowte 
on  was  he. 

Gibson — Runaway  Wedding.    Stz.  2. 

Misken,  g.  (misken.) — To  form  a 
mistaken  idea  with  regard  to  a 
person ;  misunderstand,  to  be 
ignorant  of. 

An'  fleeching  chiels  around  her  thrang, 
Till  she  miskens  them  a'  day  lang. 

Blamire — I've  gotten  a  rock,    line  15. 

Ken  yersel  and  yere  neighbours  'ill  no 
mis-ken  ye.         Gibson — Proverb,   p.  185. 

Mis-leer't,    g.  (misleeu'.rt) — Led 
astray ;  badly  behaved. 
An'  some  gat  sae  mislear'd  wi'  drink. 

Stagg- — Bridewain.    Stz.  6. 

Mislest,  g.  (mislest.) — To  molest. 

While  ah  was  iv  Inglan  .  .  .  neahbody 

mislestit  me  box,  or  axt  men  teh  oppm't. 

Scoap.    p.  85,  line  6. 

Mislikken,  a,  Na.,  e.  (mislaelku'n) 
— To  compare  disrespectfully ;  to 
neglect  or  forget. 
"  Divvent  mislikken  noo." 

Hod  thy  tongue  about   the  bit   thing  ; 
don't  thoo  misliken  me  to  sec  a  stromp. 
Son  of  Hagar.    Vol.  II.    p.  78,  line  9. 


216 


Mismay,  g.  (mismae.).  Mismave, 
n.  (mismae.v). — To  fill  with  anxiety 
or  fear  (a  reflex,  vb.).  This  word 
is  used  with  a  negative  to  express 
absence  of  fear. 

"  Your  cowt  met  t'  soldiers  and  nivver 
mismay't  hissel." 

Misnare,  sw.  (misnae.r')— To  in- 
commode, to  put  out  of  the  way. 

Mistal,  c.  (mist.ux) — A  cow  house. 

Mistal  heck,  c.  (mist.ux-ek)— In 
old  times  the  farm  house  was  built 
adjoining  the  cow  house  or  mistal, 
with  a  passage  between  them.  The 
doorway  opening  from  this  passage 
into  the  cow  house  was  fitted  with 
a  half-door  or  mistal  heck.  A  few 
buildings  of  this  kind  still  remain, 
1877. 

Mistetch,  g.  (mistech.) — To  teach 
improperly.  A  mistetched  horse 
signifies  one  that  has  some  peculiar 
Vice  (Ferguson — Dialect,  p.  89). 
Grieved  that  she  should  ...  let  herself  be 
so  far  mistetcht  by  that  young  Ainslie's 
nonsense  as  she  was. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  11,  line  7. 

Mitch. :  see  Mickle. 

Miter,  g.  (maai.tthu'R') — To  crumble 
or  reduce  to  decay.  Stone  which 
decomposes  by  the  action  of  the 
weather  miters  away. 

Mithy :   see  Yan. 

Mittens,  g.  (mit.u'nz).  Mits,  c, 
nw.  Pwok  mittens,  c,  nw. 
(pwauk) — Woollen  gloves  or  bags 
for  the  hands. 

An'  mittens  ur    laatit    for    fingers    an' 
thumbs.       Richardson,  2nd.   p.  176,  line  4. 

And  now  for  pwok-mittens  on  dinnellan 
hands, 
And  dykin'  mittens  and  swatch. 

Cumbriana.    p.  243,  line  8. 

Mizzle,  c,  E.,  Ns.  (miz.tjl).  Hadder, 
ne.  (haaddh.ur'). — A  small  rain. 

It's  a  haddery  day.  Sullivan,  p.  81. 


— G.— To  rain  in  small  drops. 
"  It  mizzel't  aw't  day  lang." 

Mizzle,  g. — To  go  away. 

"  It's  gittan  leat,  an'  I  mun  mizzle." 

Moam,    a,  n.,   (mauu'm)— Mellow, 
soft;  (c.)  quiet,  sober. 
Sweet  to  the  teaste  as  pears  or  apples 
moam.  Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  18. 

Mockingbird:  see  Nightingale's 
friend. 

Moider,  g.  (maui.ddhu'R')— To  be- 
wilder, confuse. 

An'  thou  moiders  yan  terrably — Jwohnny 
git  oot.  Gibson — Lai  Dinah.   Stz.  1. 

I'm  moider'd  to  death,  what  with  yourself 
and  them. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  115,  line  1. 

Moiderment,  c.,N. — Worry,  trouble, 
bewilderment. 

T"  oald  man  fund  'at  he  was  ga'n  whoar 
he  cudn't  carry  .  .  .  his  munney,  an'  his 
moiderment  alang  wid  him. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiff.    p.  23,  line  5. 

Moider't,  c,  n.  (maui.ddhu'rt) — 
Bewildered,  confused,  tired  out. 
"  He  gat  moyder't  in  a  snow  storm  and 
torfer't." 

1  could  not  write  mysel  to  please, 
To  give  my  moider't  brain  some  ease  ; 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  139,  Km  6. 

Moil,  a,  n.,  e.  (mauiu'l)— To  take 
trouble  about,  to  drudge ;  care  for. 

For  me,  still  moilin  suin  an  leate 
Leyfe's  just  a  bitter  widout  sweets. 
Anderson — Lass  Abuin  Thirty.    Stz.  1. 

Mollicrush,  nw.  (mauljkr'tjosh) 
— To  beat  severely. 

Molligrubs,  g.  (maul.igr'UOBZ. ; 
muol.igr'UOBZ.)  —  Imaginary    ail- 
ments ;  any  internal  pain ;  (not  w., 
nw.)  bad  temper. 
"  She's  i*  t'  mulligrubs  t'  day.' 

Monkey :   see  Hawky. 


217 


Monkfish. :   see  Shooderfish. 

Mooat :   see  Munnet. 

Mools,  in  th'  —  :  E. — In  the  mould, 
soil,  a  grave. 

Saunders'  body  lay  down  there  in  t'  mools. 
Rise  of  River,    p.  306,  line  12. 

Moonge :   see  Munge. 

Moon't,  c.  (moou'nt).  Munnet, 
c,  e.,  nw.  (muon.ut).  Mooat,  sw. 
(moout).  Me nn a,  N.  (min.a; 
mun.a). — Must  not.  (See  also  Pre- 
face). 

But  we  moont  put  up  than  wid  a  "  m'appen 
I  may."  Gibson — Lai  Dinah.   Stz.  8. 

They  munnet  be  auld  wives  or  barnes  ; 
It  taks  a  Strang  hale  man. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  16,  line  7. 

I  luive  a  lass  I  maunna  neame. 

Anderson — Rwose  in  June.    Stz.  1. 

Moor  Buzzard — Marsh  Harrier 

—  Circus  csruginosits  (W.H.). 

Moorcock :   see  Gorcock. 

Moor  grass— Round-leaved  Sundew 
— Drosera  rotund > folia.     Nicolson. 

Moormaster— The  superintendent 
(not  the  captain)  of  the  mines. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Moortidy :   see  Lingy. 

Moot,  N.  (moot) — To  mention.  See 
Preface. 

Mooter,  g.  (moo.tthu'R') — Multure, 
mill  toll. 

They  wadn't  let  him  stop  a  bit  langer  ; 
nut  becos  he  was  drunk  .  .  .  bit  becos 
ther  was  noah  mair  mooter  in  him. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  45,  line  13. 

Than  to  t'  bond-sucken  mill  tak  't  (oats) 

to  oald  Robin  Peel, 
And  a  man  mun  keep  watch  at  t'  mill 

toft 
To  stiddy  his  mouter  dish — help  him  to 

sift  it.         Cumbrian  a.  p.  254,  line  7. 

Mooth :   see  Gob. 


Mooth  pwok,  g. — A  horse's  nose- 
bag. 

Mope,   g.  (maup).     Maap,   sw. 
(maap) — To  talk  slowly  and  stupid- 
ly, and  with  affectation. 
They  mop't    out  feyne   words    showing 
nought  else  but  flatt'ry. 

Rayson — Jenny  Crow.    Stz.  3. 

Moppet,  G.  (matjp.u't)— A  pet. 

I  hed  a  laal  moppet  I  pot  in  my  pocket, 
And  fed  it  wi'  corn  and  hay  : 

Theer  com  a  Scotch  pedder  and  swore  he 
wad  wed  her, 
And  stole  my  laal  moppet  away. 

Through  the  kirk  yard  she  ran,  she  ran  : 
O'er  the  broad  watter  she  swam,  she  swam : 
And  o'  the  last  winter  I  lost  my  laal 

twinter, 
And  than  she  come  heam  wi'  lamb,  wi' 

lamb.  Old  Nursery  Rhyme. 

Moresby  Ho'  fwok,  c.  (maur'.U'SBI- 
au)  —  People  of  quality  ;  court 
cards. 

Morlan,  c.  (mau.r'lu'n)— There  are 
three  annual  fairs  held  at  Keswick, 
the  chief  of  which  is  on  the  2nd 
of  August,  called  Morlan  fair. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  183. 

Mort,  Mwort,  g.  not  sw.  (mwaurt) 
— A  great  quantity. 
He  show'd  me  a  mort  o'  queer  seets. 

Dickinson — Remainsi    p.  201,  line  7. 

An'  she's  sent  the  bairns  sec  a  mwort  o' 
feyne  things. 

Blamire — We've  hed  sec.    Stz.  3. 

Mortal,  Mwortal,G.(MWAU.RTUL) 
— Very,  great ;  an  indefinite  term,, 
as  "mortal  long"  " mortal  short," 
and  used  to  give  force  to  an  ex- 
pression. 

Cursty  had  ya  mortal  failing. 

Gibson  — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  2. 

"  Het  this  mwornin',  Jwohn,"  said  Leon- 
ard.    "  Mortal  het,  an'  dry  "  responded 


John. 


W.C.T.H,    1893.    p.  4,  col.  4. 


218 


Moss,  G.  (maus) — A  morass,  fre- 
quently of  large  extent,  as  Solway 
Moss. 

"When  we  war  gaan  through  t'  moss,  varra 
nar  at  heam,  t'  butler  lost  tea  leg  intul 
an  auld  peet-pot. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  6,  line  9. 

Mossberries  :   see  Crones. 

Moss  besom,  g.  (maus.bee.zu'm) — 
A  broom  made  of  the  moss  — 
Pohjtrich  urn  oonm  une. 

Moss   breek,    e. — An   opening   or 
fissure  in  the  moss. 
She'd  carried  every  whelp  o'  them  in  her 
mooth  up  to  the  moss,  and  hidden  them 
in  a  brek.  Rise  of  River,    p.  171. 

Mosschilper,  Mosscheeper  :  see 
Lingy. 

Mosscrops,  g.  (maus.kraups)  — 
The  early  blossoms  of  Hare's  tail 
Cottongrass— Er}oj)hommvaginatum. 
Includes  all  the  Cottongrass  family 
(W.H.).     See  Cat  tails. 

Moss  crowker  (krauw.ku'R'). 
Moss  hawk,  Paddick  hawk, 
Moss  owl,  Churr  cock  (chuor) 
Night-jar-  Caprimulgui  curopceus.  See 
Mountain  Throssel. 

Mosstroopers,  n.     Bog  trotters. 
— Border  freebooters. 
In  the  old  days  of  the  mosstroopers  men 
were  not  buried  in  Bewcastle. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  2.    : 

Moss-watter  keak,  e. — Cake  made  j 
of  oatmeal,  with  butter,  lard, 
cream,  or  other  shortening  mate-  j 
rial.  The  inappropriate  name  would  I 
seem  to  have  been  given  by  way 
of  abating  the  idea  of  extrava-  \ 
gance. 

Mosswythan :  see  G-awel. 

Mote  heartit,  c.,nw.  (mwaut-aa.r-   i 
tit).      Moke   h.,    EC.  —  Timid, 
cowardly. 


Mothergill,  w.— A  main  road  driven 
narrow  in  the  coal,  by  which  the 
coals  are  conveyed  from  the  work- 
ings on  either  side.     R.W.M. 

Moty  sun,  Ns.,  e.,  sw.  (mwau.ti- 
suon)— Sunbeams  shining  through 
an  aperture  exhibit  the  atoms  of 
dust  floating,  and  this  appearance 
is  called  a  moty  sun. 

Mountain  sage  :  see  Bottle  of 
all  sorts. 

Mountain  Throssel,  g.  Storm- 
cock,  g.  Churrcock,  c,  EC,  nw. 
Shelcock,  c,  ec.  (shel.kauk). 
Shrailicock,  c,  ec.  (shrae.li). 
Shelailicock,  c.  Shrailie,  ec. 
Shalary,  c.  (shaal.u'R'i).  Shrite, 
g.  (shraait).  Shillapple,  w. 
Fell  throssel,  nw.,  b. — The  Mis- 
selthrush— 2V»«?w  riscivorvs.  Very 
frequently  this  bird  is  called  Thros- 
sel ;  at  Alston,  Stormcock  is  applied 
to  the  Fieldfare.  See  Fellfo', 
Moss  crowker. 

The  mountain  thrush  is  a  very  shy  bird. 
W.C.T.    1892,  July  29.    p.  7,  col.  4. 
The  characteristic  call  is  a  harsh  "  chun" 
hence  the  origin  of  churr-cock. 

Nature,    p.  224,  line  12. 

I  heard  a  shelcock  sing  about  nine  o'clock. 

Dickinson — Reminiscences,    p.  21. 

Mowdy  warp,  c,  e.,  sw.  (mauw.di 
waarp).  Mowdy  wark,  n. 
(waar'k).  The  mole— Talpa  e*ropea. 

Snod  as  a  mowdy-warp — sleek  as  a  mouse. 
Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  3. 

Mowe,  G.  (mauw) — To  copulate  (of 
animals). 

Mowstead  :  see  Mewstead. 

Much,  g.  (muoch) — Sometimes  used 
to  express  doubt. 
"  It's  much  if  he  gangs  at  o'  now." 

Muck,  g.  (muok)— Manure,  dirt. 

The  stangs  of  a  MUCK-cart  or  peat  sledge. 
Gibson — Oxenfell  Dobby.   p.  91,  line  15. 
Thoo's  rowl't  aboot  i'  t'  muck  an'  mire. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  88,  Km  i. 


219 


Muckfork  :  see  G-ripe. 

Muckhack,G.—  A  three-toothed  drag 
for  drawing  manure  from  the  carts. 

Muck  hots,  g.  (atjts) — Panniers  for 
conveying  manure  on  horse-back  ; 
(ne.)  heaps  of  muck  or  lime  in 
the  field. 

We  carry't  t'  muck  i'  hots. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57,  line  2. 

Muckle :   see  Mickle. 

Muckment,  g.  (muok.mu'nt) —Any- 
thing dirty. 

"A  heap  o'  muckment." 

Muck  oot,  G. — To  remove  manure, 
to  clean  out. 

His  daughter  could  have  got  £7  from  other    j 
people  if  he  had  said  she  could  muck  out 
byres.      C.  Patr.   1894,  Dec.  14.   p.  3,  col.  3. 

Muck  wet,  G. — Very  wet  from  any   ' 

cause. 
Mucky,  g.  (muok.i)— Dirty,  mean, 
cowardly. 

As  for  Us  Bill,  he  was  always  . . .  slitherin' 
about  onnywhere  where  out  mucky  was 
going.  Mayroyd.    III.    p.  92,  line  1. 

Mud,  g.  (muod).      Med,  g.  (med). 
Meeght,  n.  (maeight)  Obsolesc. 
Meet,  n. — Might. 
I  ax't  him  if  I  med  full  my  ledder  pwokes 
frae  his  heap. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  3,  line  3.    ' 
His  girt  new  cwot  he  meeght  fling  on. 

Anderson — Luive  Disappointed.   Stz.  4. 
What  cou'd  I  de  ?  I  mud,  mud  take  it  up. 
Eelph — Harvest,    line  46. 

Mudder,  g. — To  select  from  a  flock 
the  dam  of  a  lamb ;  this  can  only 
be  done  by  having  a  perfect  know- 
ledge of  the  faces  of  all  the  sheep. 

Muddy :   see  Dreuv't. 

Mug,  g.  not  sw.  (muog)— A  small 
drinking  pot;  the  face.  (b.)  A 
term  of  reproach. 

I'll  fetch  the'  a  clink  under  t'  lug  'at  '11 
mak'  the'  laugh  at  t'  wrang  side  o'  that 
ugly  mug  o'  thine. 

Gibson — T  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  17. 


The  master  had  bothered  her  on  the  road 
from  Carlisle,  and  she  was  not  going  to 
be  "  made  a  mug  of  by  him." 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Nov.  30.    p.  3,  col.  4. 

Mugger  :  see  Camper,  Potter  and 
Tinkler. 

Muggert :   see  Booin. 

Muggy,  g.  (muog.i) — Damp,  foggy. 

Mug  sheep,  Cs.,  wTs. — The  white- 
faced  breed  from  which  the  im- 
proved Leicester  originated.    Obs. 

Mull,  G.  (muol.)— Confusion,  blun- 
der,   (a,  Ws.)  Peat  dust ;  anything 
crumbled. 
"  He  mead  a  mull  on't." 

Drave  him  agayn  th'  chimley  back,  an  if 

she  hedn't  new  laaid  on  a  lock  a  mul  he 

wod  hae  been  saarly  bornt.  Smith — 

Wheeler's  Dialogue.  III.  p.  55,  line  16. 

— C,  NW. — To  crumble  ;  to  break. 

Muller,  c.,sw.  (muol.U'R').  Mudler 
(muod.lu'r) — A  pestle-shaped  in- 
strument used  for  bruising  sugar 
in  a  glass  of  toddy. 

Mump,  g.  (muomp) — To  sulk.     To 
munch. 
"  I  ken  yer  meanin'  by  yer  mumpin." 

She  coughs,  an  greanes,  an  mumps,  and 
talks.  Anderson — Grizzy.   Stz.  5. 

Middlegeate  mumping  auld  Matty, 

That's  scarce  got  a  tuith  in  her  head. 
Rayson — Lasses  o'  Pearith.    Stz.  3. 

Mun,  G.  (muon) — Must.    See  Gob. 

Thoo  mun  git  hoaf  a  pund  o'  tea. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  16,  line  10. 

Munge,  c,  e.,  nw.  (muonj  ;  miuonj). 
Moonge,  n.  (moonj) — To  grumble 
in  a  low  tone. 

"  Munjan  and  creunan  like  a  bull  in  a 
pet."    Saying. 

Shaeme    fa'    thur    pingin"    gowks    that 
grummel 
At    weasten    teyme,    an'    munge    an' 
mummel. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  4. 


220 


Mungy,  c,  E.     Moongy,  n. — Of  a 
grumbling  disposition ;  petted. 
A  gurt  maungy  babby. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  29. 

Munnet :  see  Moon't. 

Murk,  c,  E.,  nw.  (muor'k).  Mirk, 
n.  (mur'k) — Darkness. 

He  may  pettle  about,  keepin'  o'  things 
frae  harm, 
And  at  it  fra  mwornin'  till  murk. 

Cumbriana.    p.  249,  line  10. 

— Dark.  A  farm  in  Bassenthwaite 
is  called  Murk  holme. 

Out,  or  i'  th'  house,  he  alias  led  the  way, 

Till  that  murk  neet,  'at  knock't  his  joys 

i'  t'  heed.  Gilpin — Poetry. 

Wilkinson's  Death  of  Roger,   p.  204,  line 3. 

Murl,  C,  Ns.,  E.  (c— MUOR'L;  n  — 
mur'l)  —  To  crumble  with  the 
ringers.     To  decay,  to  pine  away 

(S.D.B.). 

"  As  murly  as  a  short-keak." 

To  murl  is  to  crumble  bread.      J.H. 

Murlins,  n.  (muor'.linz)  —  Bread- 
crumbs. 

Murry-neet,  g.  (muor'.lneet). 
Tansy,  ne.  (taan.si) — A  rustic 
merry-making  on  stated  dates  to 
benefit  a  public-house.  Cf.  Up- 
shot and  Infair. 
Tansy  belongs  to  the  Borders,  and  amongst 
other  places,  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
Hesket.  Sullivan,    p.  82. 

Sin'  Cuddy  Wulson'  murry-neeght, 
When  Deavie  brees'd  his  shin. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.  Stz.  3. 
There  were  "  cellar-openings  "  and  annual 
suppers  .  .  .  and  tancies  patronised  by 
the  women  of  the  place. 

Brampton,    p.  11,  line  4. 

Mush,  g.  (muosh)— The  dust,  or  dry 
dusty  refuse  of  decay ;  anything 
decayed  or  soft ;  pulverisation  or 
disintegration  of  a  dry  substance ; 
in  a  secondary  sense,  a  soft  wet 
messy  mass.  Coom,  primarily  ap- 
plied to  sawdust,  is  in  use  in  some 
of  the  dales  for  "  dry  matter." 


There's  laal  but  mush  left" — said  when 
passing  the  site  of  a  peat-stack.    W.H. 

Sticks  'at  hes  o'  mirled  away,  er  taties 
an'  turnips  'at  boils  ta  slodder — they've 
o'  gian  ta  mush.  Pen.  Obs.    Mar.  22. 

— To  crush,  pulverise. 

T'  croon  on't  was  oa  musht  in  eh  t'  teah 
side.  Scoap.    p.  52,  line  17. 

T'  sour  leaven  hed  t'  top  pared  off  't ; 
than  it  was  mushed  away  amang  t'  barley 
meal.       C.Pacq.   1893,  June  29.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Mushamer,  c,  nw.  (muosh.u'mu'r) 
— Mushroom. 

Music,  nc— Said  of  a  light-hearted 
horse,  "he  has  a  bit  o'  music  in 
him."  j.  ar. 

Mussel-pecker  :   see  Sea  Pyet. 

Musty,  g.  (muost.i)— Sour  looking, 
gloomy. 

Fadder  leuckt  varra  musty,  an  niver  op- 
pent  his  gob.  Scoap.    p.  12,  line  16. 

Mynd,  sw.  (maaind) — A  local  pro- 
nunciation of  "mine,"  but  used 
by  the  miners  to  indicate  iron-ore 
or  the  mine's  produce. 
Gert  weltin  fortuns  hes  bin  meadd  i'  For- 
ness  amang  thor  red  mynd  pits. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  20. 

Mysarty!  Mysartis!  g.  (c.,maai; 
n.,maei-saar'Ti)— Exclamations  of 
surprise.     Obsolescent. 
My  Sarty  !  he's  nin  o'  t'  deein  mak'  isn't 
fadder.       Gibson — T'  Reets.   p.  7,  line  16. 

My  Sartees  !  ah'd  niver  seen  sec  a  gang- 
nan  doon  stairs  as  that  eh  me  life. 

Scoap.    p.  43,  line  19. 

My  song!  G.  (saung) — A  corrup- 
tion of  an  ancient  oath,  la  sangue, 

Or  LA  SANGUE  DIEU. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  91. 

My  song  !  but  this  is  a  bonnie  welcome 
to  give  a  fellow  ! 

Gibson— T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  10,  line  5. 


221 


N 


alb,  c,  E.  (naab)— A  promontory 
in  a  lake ;  a  rocky  projection,  a 
high  place ;  a  place  name,  Knab 
Scar,  Skelly  Neb.  Cf.  Neb. 
It's  o'  nabs  an'  neuks  is  Windermer 
Watter.  Gibson,    p.  191. 

— G. — To  arrest ;  to  catch  suddenly. 
A  policeman  nabbt  em,  teaak  them  fra 
em  an  lockt  em  up.     Scoap.   p.  211,  line  14. 

Nacky,  c.  (naak.i).  Nally  (naal.i) 
— A  child's  fundament.     w.H. 

Naff,  g.  (naaf).  Nav,  nw,  sw. 
(naav  ;  naev)  —  The  nave  of  a 
wheel. 

"Wheels  with  naffs  (naves)  spokes,  and 
felloes.       C.Patr.   1824,  Ap.  13.   p.  3,  col.  6. 

T  navvs  eh  beaath  (wheels)  was  owder 
sooa  rotten  or  splitten  at  t'  spekes  hed 
brokken.  Scoap.    p.  217,  line  5. 

Nag,  g. — A  constant  scolding. 
Aw'  knag,  an'  clash. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  16. 

—To  gnaw ;  to  scold  and  keep  it  up. 

Nag,  c,  sw.,  e.  (naag).  Naig,  n., 
nw.  (neg) — A  horse. 

I  hev  leyken't  thee,  0  my  luive,  tui  a 

cumpanie  o'  naigs  in  Pharaoh's  chariets. 

Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.    I.    9. 

A  bell  to  t'  fwormost  nag  was  ty'd. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  58,  line  3. 

Naggy,  G.  (naag.i) —  Cross,  con- 
tentious, short-tempered. 

Ha  yeh  nut  hed  dinner  yit  ats  makkin  yeh 
sooa  parlish  naggy.    Scoap   p.  150,  line  10. 

Naitshel,  c,  w.  (nae.tshitl)— To 
overcome;  to  defeat,  (nw.)  To 
strangulate  in  castration,     h.t. 

Nally :   see  Nacky. 

Nanny  :  see  Heronsew,  Peggy. 

Nanny  reedtail,  c,  ne.  Jinny 
reedtail,  c,  EC,  Ws.,  e.  (jin.i). 
Rocky  reedtail,  N. —  Common 
Kedstart — Ruticilla  plicenicurus. 


Nanny- shop,  Carlisle — A  brothel. 

Nap,  wc. — To  stop,  frustrate,  (j.s.) 
See  Knap. 

Nap  at  noon,  c,  nw.— Yellow  Goat's- 
beard — Tragopogon  pro/terms. 

Napery,  g.  (naap.u'R'i)— The  store 
of  household  linen. 

Napper,  nw.  (naap.U'R') — A  head. 

For  what  avail'd  their  ramish  routs, 
Wi'  Sampson-leyke  exertions, 

Their  broken  nappers,  seylan  snouts, 
Cud  thar  be  ca'd  devarshions  ? 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  3. 

— E. — Clever  at  anything. 

Nappy,  c,  n.  (naap.i) — Strong ;  as 
ale,  causing  sleep. 
To  gang  an'  pree  anudder  bicker 
Of  Nanny  Newton's  nappy  liquor. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,   p.  179,  line  19. 

Nar,  G. — The  left-hand  or  nar  horse 
walks  on  the  land,  when  plough- 
ing two  abreast. 

Nar  gangan,  c,  sw.    Nar  gaan, 

c,  nw.,  n. — Near  going,  miserly. 

Nark,  w.  (naar'k)— To  grate ;  cut 
against  the  grain.     A.T.M. 

Narlins,  n.,  ne.   (naa.rlinz)— 
Nearly. 
That  neeght  a  lish  chap  frae  Cock-Brig 

...  set  me  narlins  heame. 

Anderson — Nathan  an  Winny.   Stz.  5. 

I    tried  t'   other  day,  and  I  nearlings 
thought  she  was  going  to  listen. 

Pearl  in  a  Shell,    p.  178,  line  4. 

Narro'  hars'd,  nw.  (naar'U')  — 
Mean,  stingy,  barely  honest ;  nar- 
row-minded. 

Nash,  g.,  c,  sw.,  e.  (naash). 
Nashy,  c.  Neshy,  c,  e.,  n. 
(nesh.i) — Fragile,  tender,  brittle. 
Sitten'  i'  t'  hoose  maks  yan  nesh. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  29. 


222 


Nastment,  c,  e.  (naa.stmu'Nt)— 
Filth,  nastiness. 

There's  ower  much  nastment  in  the 
weather  yet.      Son  of  Hagar.   p.  45,  line  4. 

Nate  (naet) — To  use,  make  use  of. 
Obs. 

Then  brouce  about  nor  tek  sec  pressin' 
To  nate  our  awn. 
Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  6. 

Nater,  Gh  (nae.tthitr')  —  Nature, 
human  feeling,  or  commiseration. 
The  special  property  peculiar  to 
the  object — of  soil  exhausted  ;  of 
wood  dried  to  brittleness,  or  rotted 
by  water  (J.  Ar.). 

"  He  hesn't  a  bit  o'  nater  for  nowder  dog 
nor  man." 

When  he'd  gitten  up  towards  sebbenty 
year  auld,  nater  began  to  tak  t'  tetch 
wid  him.        Richardson,  2nd.    p.  73,  line  3. 

It's  fairly  lost  its  nater.      J.  Ar. 

Naterable,  g.  (nae.tthu'R'U'BU'l) 
— Natural. 

It's  no'  but  naturable  after  all  that's 
happent.     Son  of  Hagar.  III.  p.  317,  line  5. 

Natter,  G.  (naatth.U'R')— A  woman 
who  works  constantly  and  with 
some  noise,  as  when  knitting;  a 
fault-finder ;  and  (c.)  a  loafer. 

— To  work  as  above  stated  ;  to  find 
fault  continuously,  to  nag. 
Natteran  up  t'  rwoad  in  her  clogs.     S.D.B. 

Thoo's  niver  deun  natteran  on  (talking). 

R.W. 

Natteral,  G.  (naatth.U'R'U'l)  —  A 
half-witted  person. 
She  keep't  eggin  him  on  to  dee  his  oan 
turns,  an'  let  fwoke  see  'at  he  wasn't  sec 
a  natteral  as  he  was  co't. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  27,  line  15. 

Nattle,   g.  (naat.U'l).     Nat. — A 
light  and  quick  knocking. 
He  heard  a  nat  nat  natting,  as  if  one  of 
the  spokes  was  broken. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Dec.  29.    p.  7,  col.  2. 


— To  make  a  light  and  quick  knock- 
ing sound,  as  a  mouse  behind 
wainscot,  etc. 

"  He  knattel't  at  t'  window  and  she  gev 
a  knattle  on  t'  flags  wid  her  heel." 

His  'nees  wer  nattlin'  tagidder  like  a 
mill  hopper.    Betty  Wilson,    p.  90,  line  10. 

Nattier,  g.  (naatl.U'R') — A  player 
on  the  u  bones  "  ;  "  bones  "  or 
short  pieces  Qf  sheep  rib  bone 
which  when  properly  held  between 
the  fingers  and  shaken,  produce  a 
"  nattling  "  noise  ;  two  pieces  of 
wood  are  often  used  but  not  with 
so  good  an  effect ;  dancing  is  often 
accompanied  by  the  music  of  these 
bones  nattled  in  proper  rhythm. 
One  who  is  active  with  hands,  feet 
or  tongue.  An  expert.  One  who 
does  odd  jobs  such  as  holding  horses 
at  inn  doors,  etc.,  and  gets  paid  for 
it  (b.k.).  A  rap  over  the  knuckles, 
actual  or  metaphorical  (j.b.). 
A  good  hand  with  a  sickle  may  be  said 
to  be  a  nattler  (D.H.). 
He  was  a  gey  nattler  at  wrustlin'.     J.H. 

We'd  hay-cruiks,  an  hentails,  an  hanniels, 
An  nattlers  that  fuddle  fer  nowt. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.    Stz.  5. 

Bits  o'  wood,  burnt  at  t'  ends  for  clackers 

Or  NATTLERS. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  26.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Natty,  g.  (naat.i) — Neat,  deft. 

"  He's  a  nottable  chap  is  Bob,  an  varra 
natty  wi  his  fing-ers." 

Nayber  row,  c,  sw.,  e.  (nae.bu'R*- 
rau).  Nyber  row,  N.  (naei.- 
bu'R'  — ).  Nieberheed,  b.,  e. 
(nee.bur'EEd)  —  Neighbourhood ; 
company. 

"  Cum  into  nayber-row  "    means,  Join 
our  company.      S.D.B. 

Nayder  dee  nor  do  we,  g. — In  a 

doubtful  way  of  recovery. 

Nay  say,  g. — Refusal,  denial. 


223 


Nay  than !  —  An  exclamation  of 
wonder,  or  doubt  or  sympathy. 
"  Forgitten  Jobby  Banks  ?  "  ses  Jwohn, 
"  Nay  than.  Gocks-on,  ah  can  just  see 
Jobby  Banks  as  fair  as  ah  can  see  that 
pint-pot."       W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

Ne,  c,  e.,  nw.  (nee).  Ne-ah,  sw. 
(neeu'h) — No,  used  as  an  assent 
to  a  negation. 

Mun  we  gan  hyem  to-night  ?  Na,  (nega- 
tion). 

We'll  nit  git  hyem  to-night.  Ne,  (assent 
to  negation).     Ferguson — Dialect,   p.  92. 

"  No  !  "  sez  she.    "  Neah  !  "  sez  ah. 

Scoap.     p.  6,  line  11. 

Nea  co'  for  't,  g. — No  reason  for  it. 

Nea  girt  things,  g.  Nea  girt 
cracks,  c,  sw.,  e. — Nothing  to 
boast  of. 

"  Thou'S  NEAH  GIRT  THINGS,  mill  !  " 

Fwok  jibes  aboot  Whillimoor  cheese, 
An'  mebby  it's  nea  girt  cracks  ; 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  193,  line  1. 

Near  hand,  G. — Near  to. 

"  If  you  gang  near  hand  yon  dog  it  '11 
bite." 

Neb,  G.  (neb).  Nebbin.— The  bill 
of  a  bird ;  nose ;  peak  of  a  cap ; 
(neb  only),  projecting  hill;  end, 
etc.     See  Nab. 

His  shoon  war  wholl't,  beath  nebs  an' 
heels.  Richardson,  1st.    p.  28,  line  1. 

I  saw  the'  wi'  thur  varra  een, 
Cock  up  thy  neb  to  his. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  135,  line  3. 

He  mud  be  terrable  prood  of  his  neaam,  for 
ah  nwotice't  he*d  gitten  't  prentit  abeunn 
t'  neb  of  his  cap.  Scoap.    p.  14,  line  7. 

Nebby :  see  Kebby  stick. 

Neb  plate  :   see  Snoot-band. 

Neck,  G.  (nek)— Presumption. 
Thoo  hes  a  neck  ta  ass  seek  a  question. 
Pen.  Obs.    Mar.  29. 


— To  break  the  neck. 

If  thoo  gahs  coasten  doon  broos  like  that, 
thoo'll  .  .  .  neck  thisel'. 

W.C.T.X.    1898.    p.  5,  col.  1. 

Necklath,  G  (nek.lu'Th)  —  Hand- 
kerchief ;  neckcloth. 

A  pair  o'  gleuves,  a  neckleth. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  3,  line  3." 

What  ah  couldn't  eat  ah  put  in  me  neck- 
leth. W.C.T.    1898,  Ap.  9.     p.  2,  col.  5. 

Neck't,  G.  (nekt) — Broken  necked; 
especially  applied  to  the  bending 
down  and  breaking  off  by  the 
wind,  of  ears  of  corn. 

Nedder't,c.(NEDDH.U'RT).  Nither't, 
n.,  nw.  (nidh.u'R't).  Pinnert,  c, 
n.,  nw.  (pin.u'rt)  —  Wrinkled, 
shrivelled,  lean,  starved,  withered. 

Need- fire,  g. — Fire  originated  by 
the  friction  of  wood  and  carried 
quickly  from  house  to  house,  for 
the  purpose  of  passing  cattle 
through  the  smoke  as  a  preventive 
of  murrain  and  other  epidemics. 
In  use  so  late  as  about  1841. 
The  superstition  of  the  Need-fire  is  the 
only  other  remains  of  flreworship  in  these 
counties.  Sullivan,    p.  116. 

During  the  cattle  plague  of  1841-2  the 
need-fire  was  kindled,  and  for  weeks  the 
fire  was  kept  alive  and  the  cattle  were 
driven  through  the  smoke. 

W.G.T.H.    1893.    p.  13,  col.  3. 

Needle,  c,  ec. — Putlog. 

The  platform  rested  on  needles  driven 
into  the  lining  of  the  furnace. 

W.C.T.    1899,  April  29.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Needments,  e. — Necessaries. 

The  instruments  and  other  needments 
were  kept  on  a  shelf.   Rise  of  River,  p.  274. 

Neef,  c,  e.,  n,  nw.  (neef).  Neeaf, 
sw.,  n.  (neeut).  Neeve,  n.,  e. 
(neev.)— The  clenched  fist. 

H —  hit  him  in  the  face  with  his  neef. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Oct.  26.   p.  3,  col.  2. 


224 


Robin  just  kick'd  up  a  dust  in  a  crack, 
An  sticks  an  neeves  they  went  pel-mel. 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  5. 

Darted  his  neeaf  down  aside  on  it,  to 
bring  out  a  girt  slapper. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  40,  line  1. 

Neer :   see  Ear. 

Ne'er  ack,  g.  (aak)— A  "ghost- 
word,"  the  real  word  being  wrack 
to  heed.  It  is  only  used  in  the 
combination  never  wrack  ;  hence  the 
mistake  through  a  wrong  division  : 

NEVER  AK.        Prof.  WRIGHT. 

Generally    used    In    the    imperative — 

NEVERACK.  FERGUSON,      p.  167. 

"  Ne'er  ack  ?  "  says  tou,  "  we'll  work  fer 
mair ;  " 

Anderson — Will  and  Keate.    Stz.  5. 

"  Thoo  suerLYE  wadn't  donn  thee  nag  eh 

sec  a  flay-croa  leuckan  things  as  them, 

wad  teh  ?  "  sez  ah.    "  Niver  ack,"  sez  he. 

Scoap.    p.  219,  line  19. 

Ne'er   do   well,   g.  — A   graceless 
person  who  never  does  well. 
Maggie  nivver  lost  a  chance  t'  tell  him 
he  was  a  neer-do-weel,  and  wad  cum  t' 
grief  sum  of  these  times. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  5,  col.  4. 

Neer  fat :   see  Ear  fat. 

Neevy  nack,  g.  (niv.i  naak)— A 
boy's  game  of  casting  lots  or  of 
making  choice.  The  boy  says : 
"  Neevy  neevy  nack  (nimmy,  nimmy 
nack),  Whether  hand  willta  tack, 
T'  heemer  or  t'  lowmer?,  That's 
dog,  that's  cat."  See  Nickelty 
nowt. 

Brough  lass  laikt  at  neevy-nack. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  35. 

Neeze,  g.  (neez).    Neeze  pipe.— 

Sneeze ;  "Uncommon."   Also (sw, 
NW.)  a  twitch  for  horse's  lip. 

—To  sneeze,  (sw.,  nw.)  To  apply 
a  twitch  to  a  horse,  (nc.)  To 
scrape  the  throat  with  a  half 
coughing  noise  (J.  ar.). 


Nep :   see  Knep. 

Ner,  g.  (nu*r).     Nor.— Nor;  than. 
See  also  Nar ;  'An. 
"  My  meer  can  trot  faster  ner  thine." 

We've  summat  else  to  deu  here  nor  to  ga 
rakin  ower  t'  fells. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  1,  line  8. 
For  thy  leuve's  better  ner  wine. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.  VIII.   2. 
Nesh :   see  Nash. 

Nettle  butterflee:  see  Teeto- 
taller. 

Nettle  creeper  :   sec  Peggy. 

Nettle  keal,  g—  A  wholesome 
broth  made  of  young  nettleo  in 
place  of  vegetables. 

Neuk  :  see  Nook. 

Neuk- window,  b.,  c,  nw. — In  old 

farm  houses  there  was  generally 
a  small  square  window  in  the 
corner  nearest  the  fireplace  of  the 
house  or  sitting  room,  with  two 
larger  and  mullioned  windows  on 
the  same  side. 

They  put  her  in  a  great  armchair  .and 
wheeled  her  into  her  place  by  the  neck 
window.  Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  118,  line  14. 

Neval  (nee.vu*l)— A  slap.     Obs. 

How  briskly  Roger  a'ways  bounc'd  about, 

And  fra  the  lasses  manny  a  neval  gat. 

Gilpin. — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger. 

p.  203,  line  4. 

Newdel't,  g.  (nioo.du'lt)— Be- 
wildered; confused  through  ex- 
cessive drinking. 

Newdle,  g.  (nioo.du'l)— To  saunter, 
to  waste. 

"  He  newdels  away  his  time  !  " 

Newdles,G.(Nioo.DU'Lz).  Newdlin, 
c,  sw.,  e.  (nioo.dlin)— A  trifling 
silly  person. 

An  oald  newdles  wid  a  creuk't  nwose. 
Gibson— T'  Reets  on  *t.    p.  10,  line  10. 

It  'ill  nut  mell  o'  the',  thoo  neudlin,  thoo. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  83,  line  1. 


225 


Newkelt,  g.  (niuok.U'lt)— Said  of 
a  cow  that  has  lately  calved. 

Nobbut  just  gruntit  summat  aboot  fat- 
swine,  an'  NEUCKLT-kye. 

Scoap.    p.  89,  line  14. 

Newkt,  b.  Obsolesc.  (niuoo.kt)— 
Curious,  strange.     Obsolesc.     j.b. 

New  Year's  Day,  g. — Besides  the 
custom  of  "first-footing"  on  this 
day,  it  was  also  usual  to  admit  of 
no  fire  of  any  kind  being  taken 
out  of  the  house.  An  old  woman 
relates  how  she  and  her  family 
sat  all  one  New  Year's  Day  with- 
out a  fire,  having  let  their  own 
go  out,  and  no  neighbour  would 
give  them  any  light.  Afterwards 
she  remarked  that  she  had  quite 
forgotten,  but  she  might  have 
borrowed  a  tinder  box  !  To  burn 
clothes  by  accident,  was  consider- 
ed to  be  lucky,  whereas  to  borrow 
or  lend  money,  to  throw  ashes 
out  of  the  house,  was  sure  to  be 
followed  by  ill-luck. 

Nib't  stick :   see  Kebby  stick. 

Nice,  g.  (naais).  Neyce,  nw 
(naeis) — Fastidious;  good,  pleas- 
ant, handsome.  This  and  other 
adjectives  are  employed  in  a 
weaker  sense  than  is  customary 
elsewhere;  thus  when  a  sick 
person  is  practically  dying,  you 
may  be  told  that  he  is  "  nicely," 
that  is  to  say  "  as  well  as  can  be 
expected."  "very  well  for  him," 
"  about  the  same." 
Wi'  snaps  an'  gingerbread  galwore, 
Tho  neyce  fwoak  ca'd  them  slairy. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  45. 

She  luik'd  sae  neyce,  an  danc'd  sae  weel. 
Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  3. 

Nickelty-nowt,  g.  (nik.utti- 
nauwt) — On  four  sides  of  a  tee- 
to-tum  are  inscribed  the  letters 
P.,  A.,  T.,  N.     If  the  tee-to-tum 


after  spinning  comes  to  rest  with 
P.  uppermost,  then  the  spinner 
must  put  into  the  pool  double  the 
original  stakes,  cherry  stones, 
marbles,  etc.  ;  if  T.  (t-tak-up-oa) 
turns  up,  then  the  spinner  takes 
the  pool ;  if  N.  (nickelty-nowt)  then 
nothing  is  taken  or  given,  and  the 
play  passes  on  to  the  next  person ; 
but  when  A.  appears,  then  one 
stake  is  removed  from  pool.  In 
nw.  and  c.  this  term  is  also  applied 

to  Neevy  nack. 

Nickelty  pod,  sw.  Niggelty  pod 

Knuckle -down   at   marbles.    r.k. 

Children  say : 

"Nickelty  pod,  Hard  by  t'  sod." 

Nicker,  g.  (nik/itr')— To  laugh  in 
an  undertone ;  (n.)  to  neigh ;  to 
laugh  loudly. 

They  oa  brast  oot  eh  fliaran  ...  an  ran 
towarts  t'  wholl  fitteh  brust  thersels  wih 
ther  nickerin  at  meh. 

Scoap.  p.  226,  line  17. 

The  drink  o'  acid  teasts  sae  Strang 
'Twad  mek  an  auld  naig  nicker. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  21. 

Nick't  at  heed,  g. — Rendered  tem- 
porarily foolish  or  idiotic. 

Toakin  sike  maffiement !  Ye  muta  be  nick't 
i'  t'  heead  !  Gibson,   p.  191. 

T'way  ah  was  treaatit,  teuh,  be  a  set  a 
nickt-et-heids.  .  .  .  dudn't  mickle  mend 
matters.  Scoap.  p.  10,  line  10. 

Nick't  at  teal  bead,  nc.  (tael)— 
Very  fat,  and  refers  to  the  de- 
pression felt  at  the  root  of  the  tail 
of  a  fat  sheep ;  is  used  in  praise 
of  an  animal,  but  in  derision  of  a 
man.  See  Clowen. 
Fat !  aye,  he  is  that,  wey  he's  fairly  nick't 

AT  TEAL  HEED  !     J.  AR. 

Nidgel,  c,  Ws.  (nij-ux) — To  cas- 
trate by  means  of  a  ligature ;  (ec.) 
by  means  of  clamps  (J.s.o.) 


226 


Nieberheed  :   see  Nayber  row. 

Niggarts,  g.  not  n.  (nig.U'RTs) 
Neegars,  n.  (nee.gu'R'z)  —  Up- 
right cast-iron  plates  used  for  con- 
tracting the  fireplace ;  and  Niggart 
plates,  sheet-iron  plates  between 
the  niggarts  and  the  hobs. 

Niggel't,  c,  Ws.  (nig.U'Lt).  Nag- 
gelt,  ne.  (naag.uxt) — Bothered, 
annoyed. 

Niggle,  G.  (nig.itl) — To  play  with ; 
to  trifle ;  to  work  steadily  and 
persistently,  though  the  progress 
made  be  small,  owing  either  to  the 
work  being  difficult,  or  to  the  in- 
efficiency of  the  tools. 
You  hed  to  niggle,  niggle  away  to  git 
say  sebenteen  to  twenty  stooks. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  31.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Niggler,  c,  Ws.  (nig.lu'R') — A  busy 
industrious  person  or  animal ;  one 
fussily  occupied  with  trifles;  a 
penurious  person. 
Thoo's  a  niggler,  bit  thoo'll  mak  a  wark- 
man  some  day.      Jos.  P. 

Nightingale's  friend — Sedge 
warbler  (G.D.) — Acrocephalus  phrag- 
mitis.  Also  Called  Watter  Nannie 
(Fauna),  and  English  Mocking  Bird 
(W.H.),  and  Fisherman's  Nightingale 
(Nature). 

Nim,  c,  E.,  nw.  (nim)— To  walk  or 
run  with  short  and  quick  steps. 

Nimmy :   see  Neevy. 

Nimph :   see  Yan. 

Nimpy-primpy,  c. — Affectedly. 
Said  of  a  mincing  walker,  that  he 
or  she  is  going  nimpy  primpy. 

Nin,  n,  ne.  None,  e.  (nun). — None; 
not  at  all. 
He's  none  forgetting. 

Rise  of  River,   p.  138,  line  11. 

For  nin  danced  hawf  sae  weel. 

Relph — Hay-time.  Stz.  16 


Ningnang,  g.  (ning.naang) — A 
silly  person. 

Wad  ten  believe't  noo,  t'  ning-nang  can 
nowder  read  ner  write. 

Scoap.   p.  189,  line  5. 

Ninny,  g.  Ninny  hammer,  c,  e., 
nw.  (nin.i.-aam.ur).— A  foolish 
person. 

Suerlyeafella  like  me  .  . .  sud  knoa  better 
what's  what  ner  enny  eh  you  girt  nanny- 
hammers  at  ah've  gitten  afooar  meh. 

Scoap.  p,  44,  line  18. 

The  feckless  old  ninny  .  .  .  when  an  old 
man  becomes  an  old  woman  it's  nothing 
but  right  that  he  should  die. 

Shadow  of  a  Crimk.    p.  186,  line  6. 

Nip,  g.  (nip) — A  minute  quantity. 
Meantime  carding,  with  the  accompanying 
pints  and  short  nips. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Nippen,  g.  not  sw.  (nip.U'n) — A 
scrap  of  metal  too  insignificant  for 
farther  use,  as  referred  to  in  the 
couplet : 
What  is  auld  wives  meade  on  ?  Dishes  an' 

laddies. an'  auld  car  saddles. 
What  is  young  lasses  meade  on  ?   Nippens 

an'  nails,  an'  foomert  tails.  W.H. 

Used  in  the  saying  "  deed  as  a  nippen  " — 
stone  dead. 

Nip  up,  G. — To  pilfer,  to  pick  up 
quickly. 

She  nip't  threepennorth  o'  brandy  up  gay 
sharp.  Betty  Wilson,   p.  146,  line  7. 

Nitch,  n.  (nich) — Gang,  family  or 
set. 
"  They're  a  bad  nitch,  the  heal  lot  o'  them." 

Nither't :   see  Neddert. 

Noah's  Ark,  nw. — Streaks  of  thin 
clouds  stretching  from  north  to 
south  or  from  east  to  west. 

Nob,  g.  not  e.  (naub).    Nobby.— 
Childish  terms  for  the  nose. 
A  pig-tail  half  a  yard  or  more 
His  nob  subsequent. 

Dickinson — Remains,  p.  149,  line  11. 


227 


Noddle,  g.  (naud.U'l)— The  head. 

Gods  an  goddesses  win  ther  divlmentniver 
leevt  eh  this  wardle  at  oa,  nobbut  eh  t' 
crackbraint  noddles  eh  t'  fellas  at  wreaat 
it  oa  doon.  Scoap.    p.  171,  line  14. 

—To  nod. 

Than  he  wad  git  drowsy,  and  noddle  and 
scrape.  Cumbriana.   p.  244,  line  13. 

Noddy,  g.  (naud.i) — A  fool,  simple- 
ton ;  (e.)  a  game  at  cards  near 
akin  to  Cribbage. 

She  thought  aw  country  fwoke  were  daft, 
But  sackless,  senseless  noddies. 

Rayson — Sukey  Bowman.   Stz.  3. 

She  bummelt  on,  an'  iv  a  crack 
Lost  ninteen-penze  at  noddy. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  20. 

Noddy't,  b. — -To  omit  counting  a 
point  at  the  game  of  noddy. 

Nog,  g.  (naug)— The  handle  fixed 
on  the  shaft  of  a  scythe  ;  (n.,  e.)  a 
stake ;  pegs  of  strong  willow 
eighteen  inches  or  so  long,  which 
are  used  to  fasten  down  the  thatch 
in  combination  with  the  symes. 

T  lads  gat  oot  their  scys ;   saw  .  .  .  if  t' 

nogs  were  set  square  an'  fast  on  t'  shaft. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  17.   p'  6,  col.  1. 

Riggings  and  nooks  he  likewise  must  pro- 
cure, 

And  noggs  and  willow  wands  to  bind  all 
sure,  Clark— Rustic,    p.  49,  fine  6. 

But  a  toom  byre  and  a  wide, 
And  the  twelve  nogs  on  ilka  side. 

Gilpin — Songs.  Fray  of  Suport.  Stz.  1. 

Noggin,  G.  (naug.in) — An  eighth 
part  of  a  quart. 

His  mooth  just  held  a  noggin,  an'  that 
was  a  fair  dose  at  a  time. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Nov.  16.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Noggy,  e.,  N.,  sw.  (naug.i)— Coarse 
thread ;    NOGGY-wife,    a   maker    of 
coarse  thread. 
I  thout  the  wire  leakd  nae  thicker  then 

NOGGY  WIFE  THREAD. 

Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue,   p.  82,  line  14. 
'  P2 


Noint :   see  Oint. 

Nook,  (g.)— A  designative  term  for 
a  small  field  or  farm — Low  Wood 

Nook,  High  Nook,  (n.)  The  sloping 
part  of  the  gable  of  a  thatched 
roof;  sods  or  turf  were  placed 
along  the  "rigging"  or  "  ridge" 
and  also  down  the  sloping  part  of 
the  gable  to  keep  down  the  thatch. 
Noggs  are  put  through  the  sods 
or  flacks  to  keep  them  in  position. 
See  Plaid  neuk. 

In  Bewcastle  it  is  quite  common  to  say 
"  going    round    the   nook,"    that  is    the 
corner  of  the  gable. 
C.  J.    Nos.  7284  and  7286.    Local  Jottings. 

Flacks  must  be  cut,  and  straw  for  thatch 

prepared, 
No  needful  labour  at  this  time  be  spar'd  ; 
Riggings   and  nooks  he   likewise   must 

procure, 
And  noggs  and  willow- wands  to  bind  all 

sure.     Clark— The  Rustic,    p.  49,  line  6. 

No os  an'  thans,  G. — Now  and  then ; 
at  odd  times. 

O'  t'  fun  'at  they  gat,  howiver,  was  a  bit 

of  a  laugh  noos  an'  thans  at  aid  Bamthet. 

Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns,    p.  68,  line  3. 

None :   see  Nin. 

Nope,  G.  (natjp) — An  unexpected 
and  sudden  blow  on  the  head 
given  with  a  stick. 

She  hat  him  a  nope. 

Billy  Brannan.    p.  3,  line  5. 

— To'  strike  on  the  head  with  a 
stick ;  to  catch  quickly  and  from 
ambush  (J.B.). 

Noppy,  c,  e.,  ws.  (naup.i)  — Tidy, 
neat. 
"  Ey,  a  varra  noppy  laal  body." 

Nopy,  b.,  sw.  (nau.pi)  —  Clever ; 
excelling. 

Nor :   see  Ner. 


228 


Norration,  G.  (naurae.shu'n) — A 
noisy  conversation,  great  noise, 
oration. 

This  was  a  langish  norration  for  a  body 
wid  t'  breath  leavin  him. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.  p.  26,  line  13. 
We  laid  t'  babby  in  t'  middle  o'  t'  bed 
asleep,  but  five  minutes  efter  we  gat  in  it 
began  to  mak  a  norration. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  16,  col.  3. 

Nottable,  g.  (nau.tu'bu'l)— Clever 
at  trifling  manipulations. 
He  was   varra    notable,   wos    Bat,   an' 
meadd  a  deeal  o'  fancy  things  for  different 
foke.  Forness  Folk.    p.  13,  line  4. 

Nowt,  G.  (nauwt).     sw.  (naawt) 
— Cattle ;  nothing.    See  Preface. 
I've  foddert  the  naigs  an  the -nowt. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  1. 

Nowt  at  dowe,  g.  not  c. — Not  over 
good  ;  nothing  of  importance.  See 
Dowe. 

In  aw  her  flegmagaries  donnt, 
What  is  she  ? — nowt  'et  dowe  ! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.   Stz.  7. 

Nowt  in  a  manner,  g. — Not  much. 

Nowt  to  crack  on,  g. — Nothing  to 
boast  of. 

Nowtegeld :   see  Cornage. 

Nub  :   see  Dunsh  and  Nog. 

Nudge :   see  Dunsh. 

Num,  G.  (nuom)  —  Benumbed  ; 
clumsy ;  stupid. 

He  was  as  Strang  as  a  cuddy,  an'  num  as 
a  coo.  Richardson,  1st.    p.  21. 

Num  wi'  bein'  drunk  t'  neet  afooar. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  23,  line  9. 

Num  chance,  Num  luck,  g—  Luck 
and  not  skill. 

"  He  dud  varra  weel,  bit  it  was  o  num 
chance." 

Num   thooms,    g.     Num-cleut, 

nw.  (klioot) — A  clumsy  person  ; 
an  indifferent  workman. 
"  He's  nobbut  a  num  thooms." 


Nunty,  e.  (nuon.ti) — Formal,  old- 
fashioned,  shabby ;  applied  to 
female  dress  only. 

Nurl't:   seeUrl't. 

Nush,  n.  (nuosh)— A  big  and  rather 
offensive  bullying  person.     R.w. 

Nutcrack  feas,  B. — Refers  to  the 
appearance  caused  by  the  loss  of 
the  teeth,  when  the  chin  and  nose 
approach  one  another. 

Nut  i'  shaft  for,  c,  Ws.— Unable  to 
accomplish  it. 

Nut  reet,  Nut  varra  reet,  Nut 
o'  theer,  g—  Idiotic. 

But  what  can  fwoke  larn,  that  is  nit 

VARRA  REET. 

Rayson — Fell-side  Beauties.    Stz.  &. 

T'  finest  wark  chap  we  iver  hed  aboot  t' 
pleaace,  bit  nut  whyte  reet  iv  his  heid. 
Scoap.    p.  98,  line  18. 

T"  coont  seemt  reeght  eneuf,  bit  he  thowt 

t'  fella  at  fetcht  it  was'NT  whyte  oa  theer. 

Scoap.    p.  116,  line  11. 

Nut  to  ride  a  watter  on,  G. — Not 
to  be  depended  upon.  Some  saddle- 
horses  have  a  propensity  to  lie 
down  in  crossing  the  water  of  a 
ford — seemingly  with  a  view  to 
get  rid  of  their  riders,  or  because 
they  are  seized  with  colic,  and  such 

are  "  NOT  to  ride  watters  on." 

Nwote,  g.  (nwaut)— Note ;  the 
period  when  a  cow  is  due  to  calve. 
"  She'll  be  up  at  her  nwote  at  April  day." 

He  flang  oa  t'  nwotes  down,  and  sed  if 
ah  was  fer  that  rwoad  he  wad  ha  teh  gim 
meh  gowld.  Scoap.    p.  13,  line  3. 


229 


o 


Oa,  c.  (au).  Oan,  a,  e.,  sw.  (aun  ; 
auwn).  Aa,  sw.  (aa).  Ow,  n. 
(auw)— To  (1)  owe  ;  (2)  own  ; 
(3)  visit ;  (4)  acknowledge  ;  (5) 
know. 
Who  (2)  oa's  this?"  "Whe  aas  this?" 

"Ye  niver  (3)  oan  us  noo." 

"  Don't  you  remember  T.  ?  "    "  Nay,  Ah 
nrvver  (5)  oaned  him." 

Robbin  waddent   (4)  oan  'at  ivver  he'd 
seen  him.      Richardson,  1st.    p.  97,  line  4. 

Oaf,  c,  n.,  E.  (oof) — A  blockhead ; 
an  idiot. 

Oald  bat,  c,  n.,  e. — The  usual  state 
or  condition.     See  Bat. 

"  Hoo's  o'  at  heam  ?  "      "  Rubban  on  at 
t'oald  bat." 

Oald  fashin't,  g.  (faash.int.  Oal- 
farrant,N.,NW.(FAAR'.U'NT)— Sly, 
sagacious,  precocious,old-fashioned. 
It's  rayder  auld-fashin't,  an'  broadish, 

ah  aw, 
Bit  plain  as  a  pike-staff. 

Richardson,  1st.    VI.,  line  7. 

Thou  still  wears  t'  oald-farrant  mak  o' 
brutches.  Cumbriana.    p.  291,  line  5. 

Let  the  auld  farren  laird  hae  the  life 
o'adog.     Gilpin — Songs,  2nd.  p.  24,  line  9. 

Oaldfwoks'  neet,  c,  Ws. — In  the 
country  round  Keswick  married 
people  assemble  on  some  appointed 
evening,  soon  after  Christmas,  at 
the  principal  inn  in  the  parish  to 
partake  of  a  roast-beef  and  sweet- 
pie  supper,  and  to  enjoy  them- 
selves with  dancing  and  formerly, 
cards;  this  meeting  is  succeeded 
in  a  night  or  two  by  a  similar  one 
of  young  people,  and  is  called 
Youngfwoks'  neet ;  at  both  meet- 
ings considerable  sums  of  money 
are  spent. 


Nea  mair  at  ball  or  oald-fwoke's-neet 
We'll  see  his  gud  reet  elbow  jog. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells.    Stz.  4. 

The  annual  reunion  of  the  patriarchal 
inhabitants  of  Keswick  took  place  on 
Wednesday.        W.C.T.   1898,  Dec.  31.   p.  3. 

Oaldman,  E— A  game  among  school 
boys.     (Not  known). 

Oald  shoe,  g. — The  old  custom  of 
throwing  an  old  shoe  after  a  per- 
son or  wedding  party  for  good  luck 
is  still  occasionally  in  use. 

Oald  soldier,  nc. — A  game  still 
played  at  festive  gatherings  of 
young  folk.  One  dresses  up  as  an 
Old  Soldier  and  coming  into  the 
room  asks  "  Have  you  got  any- 
thing to  give  to  a  poor  old  soldier  % " 
of  each  of  the  company  individu- 
ally. According  to  a  rule  previously 
decided  upon  without  the  know- 
ledge of  the  beggar,  a  certain 
word  such  as  No  or  Yes,  Black  or 
White,  is  not  to  be  mentioned  in 
the  replies.  The  use  of  the  for- 
bidden word  entails  the  payment 
of  a  forfeit  (J.  Ar.).  In  a  variation 
of  this  game,  the  Old  Soldier  tries 
to  force  the  forbidden  words  from 
the  players  (j.w.b.). 

Oald  wives'  Setterday,  G.— On  the 

first  Saturday  in  the  year  the 
country  people  assemble  at  their 
respective  Woast  houses  or  inns  at 
Keswick ;  the  heads  of  the  houses 
taking  their  wives,  or  sometimes 
a  daughter,  to  dine  and  make 
merry  in  the  evening  with  other 
friends,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
house. 

Oald  woman's  purse,  c.  —  Wild 
Balsam— Impatiens  Noli -tang  ere. 

O'  as  yan,  g.  (au  its  iaan  —All 
the  same. 

Oaths  :   see  Od  bin. 


230 


Oa  t'  watter  on,  g. — All  the  water 
is  said  to  be  on,  when  a  person  is 
using  his  utmost  endeavours  to 
accomplish  his  object. 
I'se  gaun  to  hev  awt  watter  on  to  beer 
this  bucket  it's  sae  full.  J.H. 
He  hed  aw  his  watter  on  ta  keep  his 
seet.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  121,  line  12. 

Occupation  road,  or  lonnin,  g. — 
A  by-road  or  lane  laid  down  for 
the  beneficial  occupation  of  the 
lands  bordering  on  it,  leading  gene- 
rally to  fields  or  a  farm ;  it  is  kept  in 
repair  by  the  neighbouring  tenants. 

He  met  M —  about  sixty  yards  down  the 
occupation  lonning. 

C.  Patr.  1894,  Oct.  26.  p.  3,  col.  2. 
There  was  an  occupation  road  through 
a  field  of  his  father's,  and  other  people 
besides  the  defendant  had  a  right  of  way 
over  it.      C.  Patr.    1895,  Oct.  18.   p.  7,  col.  3. 

Od  bin,  G.  (aud  bin)— There  are 
many  varieties  of  oaths,  and  their 
substitutes,  several  of  which  will 
be  found  under  their  respective 
entries  ;  the  following  are  some 
of  them:  Od  bin!  Od  dy !  Od 
dang't!  Od  rot!  Od  rabbet!  Od 
sink !  Od  white  !  Od  white  leet  on ! 
Ods  bob  !  Ods  breed  !  Ods  winje  ! 
Ods  wuns !  Ods  wunters !  Ods  wux ! 
Odzooks  !  Odzookers  !  Lozes  !  0' 
lozes  o' ! 

Odments,  g.(aud.mu'NTs)— Scraps; 
odds  and  ends;  worthless  things. 

Peer  Jemmy!  ov  aw  his  bit  odments, 
A  shottle  the  bealies  hae  taen. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.  Stz.  4. 
Ods,  g.  (audz)  —  "What  ods?"— 
what  difference  does  it  make? 
What  does  it  matter  1 
The  landlord  said  "  the  policeman  is  com- 
ing," and  witness  said  "It  is  making  no 
odds."      C.  Patr.    1894,  Aug.  10.   p.  3,  col.  2. 

If  ye  ax't  him  hoo  he  was,  t'  answer  as 
like  as  nut  wad  ha'  been,  "Does  't  mak 
enny  odds  to  the' ! " 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  154,  line  4. 


It  maks  a  varst  o'  odds  atween  earnin'  a 
croon,  an'  spennin'  five  shillin'. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  144,  line  8. 

Odswinge,  g.  (audz.winj)  —  An 
oath. 

"Odswinje!  lads,"  sez  ah,  "it  mun  surely 
be  this  Hebrew.''       Scoap.    p.  213,  line  4. 

Ods  wons  !  G.  (audz  wuonz)— An 
exclamation  of  surprise;  God's 
wounds. 

I  was  driven  't  in  middlin'  tight,  when, 
'ods  wons  !  t'  grunstane  splat  ebben  in 
two  !  Richardson,  1st.  p.  34,  line  4. 

'Ods  wyte  leet  on,  g. — A  curse; 
(God's  blame  fall  on). 
Theer  whee  sud  I  see,  but  Watty  the  laird — 
Od  wheyte  leet  on  him  ! 

Anderson — Barbary  Bell.   Stz.  7. 

Of,  G.  (U'V)— For. 

Faith  was  hardly  fowerteen — stiddy  aneuf 
of  her  yeage. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,   p.  16,  line  1. 

Off,  g.  (auf)— From  ;  used  elliptic- 
ally  for  tO  TAKE  OFF,  GO  OFF  01'  AWAY. 

A  foal  off  yon  meear. 

Ferguson — Dialect,  p,  225. 

I  off  wi'  my  clogs,  an  as  whisht  as  a  mouse, 
Clavert  up  to  the  window. 

Anderson — Barbary  Bell.   Stz.  7. 

They  off  wi'  a  brattle,  'mang  sticks  and 
hats  waving. 

Rayson — BruffReaces.  Stz.  5. 

Off,  to  get,  oi-  have  —  :  G—  To 
learn  ;  the  passive  form  is  to  be  off, 

i.e.    LEARNT. 

"  Have  you  got  your  lessons  off  ? " — have 
you  learned  your  lessons  .' 

The  next  thing  we  gat,  was  ivvery  van  a 
gay  lang  task  to  «T  off  i'  t'  hellulays. 

RlCHABDSOH,  1st.   p.  19,  line  5. 

His  queM  in  \v;is  'rang,  or  his  task  wasn't 
off.  Bfxty   Wilson,   p.  86,  line  3. 

He'D  nobbet  a  single  letter  of. 

Billy  Brannan.   p.  4,  line  2. 


231 


Offal,  G.  (auf.U'l)  —  A  butcher's 
term  when  speaking  of  wealth 
acquired,  for  the  sale  of  the  offal 
is  pure  profit. 

"Has  he  offal't  weel?" — has  he  cut  up 
well  for  inside  fat? 

Off  an'  on,  g. — Uncertain,  vacillat- 
ing ;  thereabouts ;  at  one  time  or 
another. 

"When's  Jwon  to  comeheam?"    "Off 
an'  on  about  May  day." 

Ah  was  off  an  on  wih  t'  seaam  priest  till 
ah  was  turrit  yan  an  twenty. 

Scoap.    p.  174,  line  15. 

Off  at  side,  sw—  Mad.  (t.e.) 

He  was  looked  upon  with  a  little  distrust, 
as  not  "  all  there  "> — -"  off  at  side." 

Lizzie  Lorton,  I.  p.  40,  line  2. 

Offcome,  ne.  (auf.ku'm)— Result, 
(sw.)  Those  who  are  not  natives 
of  a  dale  or  district,  or  have  lately 
come  into  it,  are  called  offcums. 

Ellwood. 
Ther's  nin  seea  mich  good  i'  some  o'  ther 
offcomers.  Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Ap.  5. 

A  off-cum  chap  at  t'  Punch  Bowl. 

Forness  Folk.   p.  5,  line  14. 

Offgang,  g. — Start,  commencement. 
"At  t'  varra  furst  offgang"  —  at 
the  very  beginning. 
This  chap  niver  meaad  a  girter  mistak  iv 
his  life  . . .  thinkan  teh  freeten  men  eh  t' 
offgang.  Scoap.   p.  109,  line  2. 

Off  his  bat,  g.— Out  of  health. 

Oft,  c,  Ws. — Off  or  farther  side :  used 
in  the  boundary  roll  of  Aspatria. 

O'geats  :   see  Olas  in  Preface. 

Oil  o'  hezzel,  g.  (auil  u'  ez.U'l) — 
A  sound  drubbing. 
"A  girt  maapy,  seesta,  to  ga  an'   lick  t' 
lad."   "  Oil  o'  hezzel  's  stuff  to  cure  that 


complent. 


Forness  Folk.   p.  33,  line  4. 


Oint,  c,  e.  (auint).  Noint,  c,  nw., 
e.  (nauint)— Should,  however,  the 


youth  at  this  age  (12)  receive 
scholastic  and  not  paternal  correc- 
tion, he  is  said  to  be  ointit. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  4. 

He  gev  him  a  good  nointin'.    J.H. 

I  will  oint  thy  hack  with  hazel  oil  if  I 
catch  thee.    J.D. 

Omas  (ailmu's).  Aamas,  n.  (aa.- 
mu's) — Alms.  In  former  times,  a 
handful  of  oatmeal  or  a  slice  of 
barley  bread  :  and  in  later  times, 
a  halfpenny  or  a  penny. 
Omas  giving  was  honoured. 

C.  Patr.   1896,  Feb.  14.   p.  7,  col.  3. 

Ome  tree,  c.,e.,sw.  (aum).  Emmal, 
N.  (em.U'L)  — The  common  Elm— 
limits  cavipestris,  and  the  Wych 
Elm — U.  m  out  an  a. 

On,  G.  (if  emphatic,  aun;   if  not, 
U'n) — An  ellipsis  for  u  put  on." 
"  Ah  on's  wi'  my  cwoat  an'  off  teh  wark." 

— Upon,  for  ;  of. 

"A  morgidge  isasairon-lig  ONahoose." 

"  She's  awaitin'  on  him  at  t'  lonnin-feut." 

An'  said  me  mudder  sud  tak  gud  care  on 
ma.     Gibson — Joe  and  Geolog.  p.  4,  line  8. 

He  just  bet  three  shillings  and  not  crowns 
or  half-crowns  as  you  tell  on. 

C.  Patr.   1893,  Dec.  15.   p.  3,  col.  2. 

Onderh,and,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.— Under- 
sized, "  scarce  "  (R.w.) 

"  A  laal  onderhand  creter." 

Ondermer,  g.  (uonddh.u'R'MU'R') — 
The  one  underneath. 

Onlig,  G.  (aun.lig) — An  oppressive 
and  continuous  charge. 
Jakep's  been  a  sair  on-lig  sen  he  brak  his 
leg.  Dickinson.   1859. 

Onstead,  Ns.,  e.  (aun.steed).  Onsett 
(aun.set) — Farmhouse    and    out- 
buildings ;  homestead. 
Beath  houses  and  onsets,  stock,  money, 
and  Ian. 

Rayson — Fell-side  Beauties.   Stz.  1. 


232 


Oo'  :   see  Woo  in  Preface. 

Oomer,  c,  e.,  nw.  (oo.mu'r).  Hoo- 
mer,  n.,  nw.,  sw.  (hoo.mu'R') — 
Shade,  (sw.)  a  grassy  slope  by 
the  side  of  a  river ;  also  means  a 
swamp,  and  is  in  this  sense  ap- 
plied in  Lakeland  to  wet  land 
(Ellwood). 
Lig  down  i'  t'  owmer  o'  t'  trees. 

Gibson,   p.  192. 

— To  shade. 

Oomert   (oo.mu'R't)    c,  e.,  ws. — 
Shaded,     (c.) — Bare,  barren. 
It  was  a  bonnie  spot  i'  summer  time,  bit 
rayder  ower  much  hoomert  wid  trees. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Oon  egg  :   see  Wind  egg. 

Oor's,  G.  (oou'R'z)— The  wife  instead 

of  saying    "my   husband"    calls 

him  oor's. 

Unless  indeed  they  use  the  time-honoured 

form  of  t'  maister   and  t'  misthress,  or, 

less  often,  our  folks. 

Midsummer,  p.  6,  line  9. 

Oor  side,  g  — Our  part  of  the  country. 

Oor   wife,    g. — My   wife.     Seldom 
heard.     See  Oors. 
Oor  wife  will  be  terrable  pleast  teh  see 
theh.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  22. 

Oot,  g.  (oot) — When  it  was  cus- 
tomary for  the  bowl  of  porridge  to 
be  placed  on  the  table  and  the 
family  to  sit  round,  and  each  per- 
son to  help  himself  with  his  spoon, 
a  rule  existed  that  if  anyone  let 
three  drops  and  a  long  slatter  fall 
on  the  board,  he  was  oot  and  might 
not  help  himself  again. 

Oot  by,  c,  nw.  (baai)— Not  far  off; 
(n.,  nc,  Es.)  a  long  way  out  of  the 
town,  hence  the  expression  an 
oot-by  place  (R.w.). 

The  Saunderses  were  livin'  (E.)  oot  by 
joost  then,  and  Ah  didn't  see  mickle  on 
them.  Rise  of  River,    p.  295,  line  9. 

T  minder's  gitten  wind  ov  a  gay  fine 
gowd  scope  (C.)  out  by  ! 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  166,  line  9. 


Oot-dubs,  c— Small  out-lying  pools 
connected  with  a  larger  body  of 
water ;  pools  of  water  on  the 
common. 

A  large  number  of  ducks  had  assembled 
on  the  outdubs,  a  continuation  of  Esth- 
waite  Lake.  Fauna,    p.  270,  line  16. 

Ootener,  c,  H,  e.  (oo.TU'NUR')— A 
stranger  or  new-comer. 
Some  'at  leev't  in  sartin  parishes  were 
free  ;  udders  leevin'  outside  hed  to  pay, 
an'  were  cawt  outners. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  11.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Ootfield  land,  c,  Ws. — Land  en- 
closed at  a  later  period  than  the 
infield  land,  and  generally  inferior. 

Oot  gang,  G. — A  narrow  strip  of 
land  connecting  the  common  with 
the  farmyard  or  village,  (nc.) 
The  despatch  of  letters  by  the 
outgoing  post  (J.  Ar.). 

Oot  hooses,  G. — The  farm  build- 
ings, as  distinct  from  the  dwelling- 
house. 

Ootin',  a,  n.,  e.  (oo.tin).  Awtin, 
sw.  (aaw.tin) — A  pleasure  jaunt. 
Driver  Tim,  from  the  "  dicky,"  jocosely 
remarks  .  .  .  This  is  the  thurd  ootin'  I've 
hed  to  her  this  week. 

Rosenthal,    p.  242,  Urn  13. 

Oot  liggers,  G. — Cattle  not  housed 
during  winter. 
Now  t'  bullocks  nit  yok't  sen  plue-time 

last  year, 
His  horses  out-liggan,  and  lean. 

Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  5. 

Oot  o'  cue,  g.  (u'  kioo)— Out  of 
health ;  not  in  good  humour. 

Oot  o'  geat,  g. — Out  of  the  way. 
T'  oald  man  was  bury't  oot  o*  geat. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiff.    p.  261,  line  10. 

Oot  o'  puff,  g.  (puof)— Out  of 
breath. 

Oot  o'  teun,  g. — Partly  offended, 
dispirited. 


233 


Oot  o'  t'  way,  g.  not  sw— Un- 
common, exorbitant  ;  annoyed, 
troubled. 

She  can  expect  nowt  better  ov  hersel', 
for  she's  led  an  oot-o'-th'-way  leyfe. 

Rosenthal,  p.  230,  line  7. 
A  was  that  sair  putten  oot  o'  t'  way  when 
a  heeard  tell  on't. 

Maky  Drayson.   p.  6,  line  2. 

Oot  ower,  Na — Across  the  country. 
"He  leeves  oot  ower  Shank  bridge  way." 

Oot-powlt,  C,   E.,  NW.  (PAUWLT) — 

Defeated. 

Oot-rake,  n.,  e.,  sw.  (oot.raek)— 
A  free  way  or  rake  for  sheep  from 
the  enclosures  to  the  common. 
"  Obsolete  since  the  commons  were 
divided,  about  1811  "  (w.a.r.). 
The  rough  land  is  called  a  Cattle-RAKE  ; 
an  ootrake  is  when  they  are  let  out 
every  day  and  taken  in  at  night.      J.H. 

Oot-ray,  Ns.,  e.  (oot-rae)— To  ex- 
ceed propriety. 

Ootshot,  g.  —  Said  of  a  projecting 
upper  storey  or  window  in  an  old 
house,  or  of  a  wall  or  fence ;  also 
of  a  visible  attack  of  illness. 

Their  hoose  will  be  cementit  roond, 
An'  hev  two  ootshot  windows  : 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  173,  line  8. 

Ootside,  G. — At  the  utmost. 

"  He's  nobbet  six  feut  hee  at  t'  oot  side." 

Ootside  stroke,  g.  —  A  chip  in 
wrestling  .  .  .  lifting  your  man, 
striking  outside  his  knee  with 
yours,  and  dropping  him  down. 

W.C.T.    1893,  Nov.  5.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

Ootwart,   g.   (oo.twu'R't)  —  Dis- 
spirited,  ill-conducted. 
The   outward   doings   of  the   old  man, 
came  at  last  to  Ralph's  ears. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  7,  line  8. 

Jerry  was  as  ootward  a  carakter  as  yan'll 
see  in  a  three  days'  travel. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  143,  line  8. 


Ootweel,  g. — An  outcast,  refuse. 

Oppengilt :   see  Gilt. 

Oppen  go  wan,  c,  ws,  ne.  (aup.U'n 
gauw.U'n).  Watter  gowan.— 
The  Marsh  Marigold—  Caltha  jjalus- 
tris. 

Or,  g.  (u'R') — Ere,  before.  See  also 
Er. 

"  Cuckoo  '11  nut  come  or  April." 

A  weddin  we'll  hev  or  it's  lang. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz. '4. 

Orndinner :   see  Horndoon. 

Orts,  c,  sw.  (aurts).      Worts,  n., 

E.  (W AURTS).      WotS,  E.  (WAUTS) 

The  refuse  fodder  left  by  cattle; 
leavings. 

I'll  not  eat  your  orts. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Oskallater,  nc. — Eyed  Hawk-moth 
(a  corruption)— Smerhithus  ocellatus. 

F.D. 

O'  that,  c,  n.,  e.    A-that,  sw. — All 
that ;  more  of  the  same  nature. 
"She  fand  it  varra  sweet  an  good  an 
o'  that." 
Wi'  murders,  an  wars,  an  aw  that. 

Anderson — Nichol.    Stz.  2. 

Other  guess,  n.    Anudder  guess, 
NW.— Of  another  kind. 
For  suin  may  he  sing  till  anudder-guess 

tune, 
His  billet  a  bad  yen,  his  kelter  aw  duin. 
Anderson — Soldier  Yeddy.     Stz.  6. 

Othersome,  g.  (uoddh.ur-su'm) — 
Other,  some  other. 
"  Some   flowers  is  blue,  and   othersome 
yellow." 

Otho  :    see  Lowp. 

Otter- coke,  or  grains,  c. — Dung  of 

the  otter. 

Otterdocken,  sw.,  nw.  (autth.U'R' 
dauk.in).  Hotterdockin,  k,  e. 
— A  little  insignificant  ill-disposed 
person.     Obsolesc. 


234 


Ower,  g.  (auwr*)— Over ;  too;  like 
off  and  on  is  used  elliptically  for 
go  over.   "  Ower  heavy,  ower  brant" 
— too  heavy,  too  steep. 
Two  on  ye's  ower  many. 

Midsummer,    p.  3,  line  11. 

Ned  owre  to  our  parson,  the  justice  and 
telthim.    Anderson — Ned  Hunter.  Stz.5. 

Owera  :  see  Yan. 

Owerance,  g.  (auw.u'RU'ns) — 
Guidance,  government,  superin- 
tendence. 

Ower-blown,  G. — Said  of  sheep  em- 
bedded by  reason  of  snow  having 
drifted  over  them. 
The  poor  sheep  .  .     have  been  found  in 
great  numbers — over-blown  and  dead. 
Fells,      p.  180. 

Ower  by,  g.  not  nw. — Over  the  way. 
(c.)  A  privy  (L.A.). 
"He  was  here  nut  lang  sen,  but  mebbe 
he's  ower  by  in't  Croon  an'  Thistle." 

Owergit,    c,  sw.   (auw.U'rgit) — 

Overtake. 

I  perswadit  t'  man  ...  to  ourgit  it  if  he 

brast  his  nag. 

Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  126,  line  12. 

Owerkessen,  Owerkest,  c,  sw. 
Owercassen,  n. — Overcast. 

It  hed  gitten  a  bit  owerkest  an' t'  wedder 
seem't  like  brekken. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

T'  sky  was  ower-kessen. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  4. 

Ower-lap,  c.  (auw.U'R'  laap) — An 
encroachment  by  the  sheep  of  a 
flock  or  parish,  on  the  common 
of  another.  An  encroachment 
generally. 

Owernoddles :  Bee  Poppinoddles. 

Owerteun,  Owerword :  see  Efter- 
word. 


Ower  t'  meun  wid  hissel :  see 
Abeun. 

Ower  year,  g.  (eeu*r*;    iaar)  — 
Belonging  to  a  second  year. 
"  You  have  a  fine  pig  there  Betty."    "  Ey, 
its  a  ower  year  swine.    It  was  seah  whiet, 
poor  thing,  'at  I  pity't  to  kill't  last  year." 

Owned :   see  Aund. 
Owsen,  g.  (auw.sun) — Oxen. 

Next   yok  in  o'  lang-horn't  owsen  two 
pair.  Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  1. 

Owt-like,  g. — Appropriate;  reason- 
able ;  anything  like. 
"Is  she  owt-like  her  brudder?" 

Owts,  g.  not  sw.  (auwts)  —  This 
word  is  commonly  used  as  an 
interrogative. 

"  Is't  owts  of  a  good  'an  ?  "  — Is  it  a  pretty 
good  one  ? 

"Hes  ta  gitten  owts  o'  fish  to-day  ?  "  "  Nay, 
nought  'at  is  owt  " — or  not  many. 

Was  t'er  owts  o'  feightin'  yesterneet  ? 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  2,  line  2. 

If  he  stops  here  owts  lang  he'll  mak  them 
tudder  fellas  as  bad  as  his-sel. 

Scoap.    p.  211,  line  18. 

Oxeye,c.,N.,NW.  Bee-eater.  Black- 
cap.— Great  Tit — Pants  wijor. 
We  have  got  a  bird  which  we  call  the 
Bee-eater.  Fauna,    p.  107,  line  7. 

Oxter,  g.  (aukstthu'R')— The  arm- 
pit. 

Defendant  got  him  down,  and  hit  him 

below  the  oxter  causing  a  severe  wound. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  6.    p  7,  col.  2. 


235 


Paat :  see  Pote. 
Pace  :   see  Peass. 

Pack,  g.  (paak) — Be  off,  go  away. 

"  If  thou  doesn't  mind  thy  wark  I'll  send 
thee  a-packin'  an'  seun  teah." 


— N.,  NW,  SW. 

mals. 


Tame — said  of  ani- 


Packs,  G. — Heavy  clouds  ;  thunder- 
clouds. 

When  dingy  packs  on  Criffell  lower 
Then  hoose  yer  kye  an'  stuik  yer  duir. 

Saying. 

Pack  threed,  g.— Coarse  thread. 
Nonsense. 

Packy,    G. —  Heavy    with    clouds 
packed  together ;  cloudy. 
"  T"  sky's  packy  t'day,  and  like  thunner." 

It  nobbut  luiks  packy  i'  t'  sooth. 

Pen.  Obs.    Ap.  5. 

Pad,  g.  (paad) — A  kind  of  saddle 
now  obs.  for  carrying  two  persons ; 
it  was  made  of  canvas  or  carpet- 
ing, and  without  stirrups.  Far- 
mers' wives  had  many  miles  to 
ride  to  market  on  pads  in  all 
weathers,  and  could  not  go  quicker 
than  a  horse  could  walk  lest  the 
eggs  should  be  broken  in  the  bas- 
ket, or  the  butter-pounds  disfigured 
in  the  butter-kits. 
Seek  t'  aul  grey  yad,  clap  on  the  pad. 

Anderson — Tib.    Stz.  1. 

Paddick,  g.  (paad.ik).     Paddock, 
(paad.U'k)— The  frog,  toad. 
If  paddocks  crowk  in  t'  pow  at  neet 
We  may  expect  baith  win'  an'  weet. 

Saying. 

Paddick  Hawk  :  see  Moss  Crow- 
ker. 

Paddick  peyp  :   see  Tead  pipe. 

Paddock  rud,  or  rid,  N.  (r'uod  ; 
R'm) — The  spawn  of  frogs  and 
toads. 


Aul  Grizzy  the  witch,  as  some  fwok  say, 

Meks  paddoc-rud  ointment,  for  sair 

een.        Anderson — Grizzy — Stz.  2. 

Paddick  steul,  G. — All  non-edible 
fungi. 

Pad-saddle,  c  — A  composite  article 
between  pad  and  saddle — now  out 
of  use. 

Pad  the  hoof,  g. — To  go  on  foot. 

Paffaldin,  se.  —  (paaf.U'ldu'n)  — 
Baggage. 

A  chap  wi'  tweea  cooats  ...  a  muffler 
ower  his  lugs,  wad  say  he'd  a  gay  lot  o' 
paffaldin'  aboot  him  ta  keep  t'  cauld 
oot.  Pen.  Obs.    Ap.  12. 

Pag't :   see  Pang't. 

Paik,  g.  (paek)— To  thrash,  beat. 
Paik  at,  to  right  with. 

"  He  lonter't  on  amang  t'  nut  trees  till 
he  was  ower  leat  for  t'  skeul  and  gat 
paik't  for  't." 

As  lang  as  brutes,  an  fwok  ur  aw, 
Yan  paiken  at  anudder. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  27,  line  5. 

A'  three  he  beat,  threyce  risk'd  his  leyfe, 
Weant  heame — was  paick'd  agean  by  th' 

weyfe. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,   p.  181,  line  3. 

Paiks,  G.  —  A  boyish  term  for  a 
thrashing. 

It  meade  nea  matter  whedder  ye'd  been 
duin  owt  or  nowt,  reet  or  wrang,  ye  hed 
to  tak  yer  paikins. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  18,  col.  1. 

Pain,  b.  (paen) — That  part  of  the 
common  on  which  it  was  forbidden 
under  a  penalty  to  dig  for  turf. 

Pain  beuk,  e. — A  register  of  pains 
and  penalties  in  manorial  courts. 

Pan  and  speun,  c,  wrs.,  n. — When 
a  child  or  young  animal  is  brought 
up  without  being  suckled,  it  is 
reared  by  the  aid  of  a  pan  to  warm 
the  milk,  and  a  spoon  to  be  fed 
with. 


236 


Pang,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (paang).    Pag, 

C,  N.,  NW.  (PAAG)— TO  fill,  Stuff. 
"  Pag't  wi'  dirt." 

Be  that  time  o'  day  he'd  pang't  beath  o' 

t'  ledder  pwokes  as  full  as  they  wad  hod. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,   p.  3,  line  2. 

Pankeak  Tuesday,  G.  —  Shrove 
Tuesday,  on  which  day  pancakes 
are  provided  for  dinner. 

Pannions,  c.  (paan.iuonz).     Pan- 
nins,  sw.  (pa an.inz)— Purlins  of 
a  roof.     (Obsolesc). 
Young  joiners  all  say  purlins,  and  do  not 
seem  to  have  heard  of  Pannion.      R.K. 

Pan  on  wid,  Pan  on  tegidder,  g. 

(paan) — To  associate ;  to  pair ;  to 

agree  with. 

How  can  te  pan  on  wid  sec  a  feul  ?      S.D.B. 

Pant,    g.    (pa ant)  —  A   sump   or 
puddle.     See  Sump. 
li  Tae  nag  brak  lowse  frae't  tudder  an 
whang't  sel  an  car  intat  pant." 

Peer  man  !  he  cud  nit  daddle  far, 
But  stuck  in  a  pant  'buin  the  middle. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.    Stz.  12. 

Paper  fiddler,  w.,  nw.— A  light- 
headed dafty  fellow  bouncing  about 
in  a  thoughtless  manner.  I  have 
not    discovered    exactly   what   a 

paper  fiddler  is. 

He  was  gaun  up  t'  rwoad  like  a  paper 

fidler.    He  hop'd  about  leyke  a  paper 

FIDLER.        J.H. 

Ah  could  hear  em  dancen  aboot  like  a 

PAPER  FIDDLER.  SCOAP.     p.  7,  line  9. 

Para :   see  Yan. 

Pare,  Cs.,  Ws.  (paer-)— To  diminish. 
A  cow  pares  in  milk  when  the 
quantity  yielded  grows  daily  less. 
See  Symes. 

When  t'  weather  changes  aboot  we  say  it 
mends  and  pares.      Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Ap.  19. 

Par  ins,  g.  (pae.R'INz)  —  Turves 
pared  off  for  burning  when  break- 
ing up  new  or  moory  lands. 

Parin'  spead,  g.— A  breast-plough. 


Parlish,  g.  (paa.R'lish)— Wonder- 
ful, extraordinary,  parlous. 
Ther  mun  be  parlish  few  steans  i'  his 
country'. 

Gibson— Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  4,  line  1. 

T"  cwoals  on't  's  cwoals  o'  fire,  *et  hez  a 

most  parlish  lowe.  Dickinson — 

Song  of  Solomon.    Chap.  VIII.  v.  6. 

Parrock,  g.  (paar'.U'Ck) — A  small 
enclosure  near  the  house  a  little 
larger  than  a  Garth  and  smaller 
than  a  Croft. 

Fadder  fowk  dud  let  us  chop  her  (the 
cow)  intil  ther  parrak  ith  winter. 
Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue.  I.  p.  18,  line  6. 

Parties,  g.(paa.rtulz).  Partlins, 

sw. — The  globular  droppings  of 
sheep.     See  Purls. 

Parton  pickle — A  pickle  made  of 
the  fresh  shoots  of  the  Saltwort — 
Salsola  halt.     W.H. 

Pash,  g.  (paash)— A  heavy  fall  of 
rain  or  snow.  There  is  a  distinc- 
tion between  this  word  and  splash 
as  is  shewn  by  the  following : 
"  Here's  a  wet  day,  John."  "  Ey  it  dizzies 
an'  dozzles,  an'  duz."  "  Will  it  continue  ?  " 
"  Nay,  it  may  be  a  bit  of  a  splash,  bit  it 
willn't  be  a  girt  pash." 

"  Wet  as  pash  " — very  wet.  "  A  pashan 
shooer  " — a  heavy  and  sudden  shower. 
"  Rotten  as  pash  " — entirely  rotten. 

We  were  just  gaun  by  when  it  com'  on  a 
heavy  thunder  pash. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  25.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

— To  dash  or  thrust  down  forcibly. 
Barne  !  I  pash't  them  doon. 

Gibson,    p.  192. 

Pass  the  time  of  day,  g. — To  greet, 
bid  good  morning,  etc. 

He   jUSt   PASSED   THE    TIME   OF    DAY    to   the 

officers.     C.Patr.   1899,  Feb.  10.   p.  7,  col.  7. 

He  wad  nivver  ga  by  wi'out  passin'  t' 
DAAY.  Rawnsley.     p.  84,  line  7. 

Past,  g.  (paast)— Beyond. 

"  A  bad  teuthwark's  past  o'  bidin'."' 


237 


Past,  put  —  :  C,  NC.,  nw.,  E.— Said 
of  an  article  which,  having  been 
put  carefully  away,  and  though 
safe,  cannot  be  found  when  re- 
quired. If  a  man  says  "It's  got 
past"  I  know  that  wherever  it 
may  be,  it  is  absolutely  safe,  but 
for  the  moment  cannot  be  found. 

J.  Ar. 
Dar  !  I'se  putten  it  past  and  canna  think 
on  for  t'  life  o'  me  where.      J.  Ar. 

Pasture,  nw.  (paas.tthu'R')  —  In 
the  north-west  of  the  county  the 
open  commons  were  all  distin- 
guished by  this  term,  and  the 
lands  since  enclosed  from  the  com- 
mons still  retain  the  name.  In 
other  parts  they  are  called  com- 
mons, moors,  or  fells. 

Pasty :   see  Cakes. 

Pat,  g.  (paat) — Fit,  correct,  suit- 
able.    See  Pot. 
I  teuk  my  pen,  an'  doon  I  sat. 
And  thowt  my  rhymes  wad  come  so  pat. 
Remains,  p.  140,  line  1. 

Patterin  hole,  wc. — A  deep  fissure 
in  the  rock  at  St.  Bee's  head,  where 
a  stone  thrown  in  can  be  heard 

pattering  as  it  descends. 

Pattle,  c,  n.w.  (pet.ux) — A  scraper 
for  the  wooden  mouldboard  of  a 
plough. 

Co'  t'  plue-hodder,   plue-co'ers — two   or 

three  mair, 
Wi'  speadd,  and  wi  pettle,  and  prod. 

Cumbriana.  p.  242,  line  3. 

Paw,  G.  (pau) — The  hand — and  es- 
pecially if  dirty. 
"  Keep  yer  dirty  paws  off." 
An'  he  haggelt  an'  cot  at  his  pultess- 
bleacht  po. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,  p.  139,  line  7. 

Paw  heed,  ne.  (pau.heed).  Powe 
heed,  nw.  (pauw).  Powcat, 
NW.— Tadpole.  The  word  in  the 
quotation  appears  in  its  archaic 
form. 


An'  he,  a  silly  sackless  pwoad. 

Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,  p.  179,  line  16. 

Pawk,  g.  (pauk)—  A  leisurely  walk 
having  an  object  in  view. 
Let's  tek  a  pawk  ower  an  see  aunt  Ann, 
she  hesn't  been  well  leately.    J.H. 

— To  walk  leisurely  (perhaps  slily) 
and  with  an  object  in  view.  Pawt, 
having  reference  to  an  objectless 
walk  thus  differs  from  pawk  (j.h.). 
I've  nought,  except  my  prayers,  to  gie  ye, 

Ye  ken  me  true ; 
I'll  some  day  suon  pauk  owr  an  see  ye. 
StagG' — New  Year's  Epistle.  Stz.  37. 

Pawky,  g.  (pau.ki)  Pokey. — Too 
familiar,  sly,  impudent.  Dainty. 
Ther'  wer'  pokey  oald  wives  aboot  Harrin'- 

ton  than, 
An'  a  varst  of  advice,  o'  free  gratis  he  gat. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.   Stz.  4. 

Grace  .  .  .  did  not  trouble  herself  about 
the  susceptibilities  of  pawky  young  mon- 
keys. Lizzie  Lorton.  II.  p.  280,  line  12. 

Pawt,  c.,n.,  e.  (paut).  Poat.  Paat, 
sw.  (paat)— A  gentle  blow  with 
the  flat  hand,  something  between 
a  blow  and  a  stroke. 

— To  push  with  the  hand  or  foot ; 
to  walk  leisurely  and  without  an 
object  in  view ;  to  walk  gently 
and  quietly  as  a  goose  does ;  walk 
clumsily.  See  Pawk. 
If  a  horse  paws  gently  with  the  fore  feet, 
we  say  he  pawts  ;  if  he  paws  heavily  he 
keaves.  A  dog  pawts  at  the  door  when 
it  wants  to  get  in,  and  children  pawt 
when  they  make  repeated  attempts  to 
get  hold  of  things  with  their  hands.   J.H. 

Then  curcheyt  as  they  dui  in  France, 
An  pautet  like  a  geuse. 

Anderson — Wort.  Wedg.   Stz.  6. 

Ah  red  . . .  ov  a  Clifton  chap  'at  was  catch't 
potin'  aboot  t'  beck  wid  a  cannel  end. 

W.C.T.H.  1894.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Mudder  was  poaten  ower  her  dropped 
stitches.  Yance  a  Year.  p.  3,  line  7. 


238 


Pawtle  :   see  Pettle. 

Paww,    C,  SW,  E.,  n.  (pauw) — To 
kick  when  in  the  last  extremity. 
An  lang  Jemmy  Smith  gat  a  famish  black 

e'e; 
Peer  Jemmy  I  yence  thowt  wad  niver  paw 
mair. 
Anderson — Matthew  Macree.  Stz.  4. 

Pay,  g.  (pae)— To  beat,  drub. 

Pays,  g.(paez)— Punishment  meted 
out  to  a  school-boy. 
He  had  been  saucy  to  Maister  Kirby,  and 
having  received  his  pays  in  return. 

Rise  of  River,  p.  135,  line  11. 

Paze  :   see  Baze. 

Peakle,  c,  Ws.  (piaak.U'L  ;  peeu\- 
kux) — To  tread  or  walk  silently. 

Pean,  sw.  (piaan). 

"0'  in  a  pean  " — -thick  set  with  weeds, 
etc.  A  sheep  is  o'  in  a  pean  when  its 
fleece  is  matted  or  felted  with  scab. 
W.D.   R.K. 

— To  strike,  to  beat.  (Not  known  to 

COri'S.)  Ferguson — Dialect,  p.  99. 

Pearce  :  see  Fierce. 

Peass  eggs,  g.  (piaas  ;  paes)  — 
Eggs  boiled  hard,  dyed  various 
colours,  and  given  to  children  at 
Easter.  On  Easter  Monday  the 
children  play  with  the  eggs,  rolling 
them  on  the  grass  until  they  are 
broken,  when  they  are  eaten.  At 
Carlisle  this  takes  place  on  the 
"  Sauceries,"  a  large  field  lying  be- 
tween the  river  and  the  castle. 
Gwordie  Howp  fand  sum  green  stuff  in  a 
pan,  'at  barns  hed  gitten  to  dye  peayse 
eggs  wid.  W.C.T.H.  1894.  p.  12,  col.  2. 

They  sumteymes  trunnelt  pase-eggs. 

Billy  Brannan.  p.  7,  line  12. 

The  capacity  of  youngsters  for  devouring 
pasche  eggs  is  something  marvellous. 

W.C.T.  1899,  Ap.  8.  p.  4,  col.  8. 

Peat,  g.(peet).  Peeat,sw.(PEEU'T) 
— A  brick-shaped  block  of  turf  dried 
for  fuel :  formerly  bete. 


Fwok  burn't  nowt  than  bit  wood  an'  peats, 
an'  a  fine  peat  time  was  iv  as  mickle 
account  as  a  fine  haytime  or  harvest. 

Richardson.  1st.  p.  61,  line  1. 

Good  black  peats,  which  were  dug  from 
the  more  solid  parte  of  the  swamp. 

Dickinson— Remains,  p.  136,  line  5. 

Peat,  seek  as  —  :  g. — Very  sick. 
It  meaad  meh  as  seak  as  a  peat. 

Scoap.  p.  50,  line  14. 

Peat  hee,  G.--The  height  of  a  peat; 
about  knee  high. 

Noo-a-days  they  hev  to  start  wark  ameast 
by  they're  peat-hee. 

Richardson.  1st.  p.  18,  line  5. 

Peat-moss  leuker. — An  official 
whose  duty  is  to  see  that  the  peat 
mosses  are  kept  in  proper  order  : 
viz.,  when  the  peat  is  cut,  the  turf 
must  be  pared  oft'  to  a  certain  depth, 
and  afterwards  replaced  with  the 
grassy  side  uppermost.  The  ap- 
pointment is  made  at  the  annual 
Court  Leet  of  Lord  Leconfield  for 
Wasdale  and  Eskdale.  See  under 
Hedge-looker. 

Peat  mull,  c.  Peat  coom,  c,  n. — 
The  dust  and  debris  of  peats. 

Peat  pot,  G.— The  hole  out  of  which 
peats  have  been  dug. 
When   we   war   gaan   through  t'  moss, 
varra  nar  at  heam,  t'  butler  lost  tea  leg 
intul  an  auld  peet-pot. 

Richardson.  2nd.  p.  6,  line  9. 

Peat  skeal,  c,  sw.  (skiaal) — A 
house  on  the  fell,  in  which  peats 
are  stored  before  carting  them 
away  for  use. 

Peaz,  c,  sw.  (piaaz)— Pace ;  the 
leath-PEAz  is  a  raised  roadway  to 
the  first  floor  of  the  barn,  for  the 
use  of  carts. 

They  treatit  him,  an'  he  led  them  on  a 
fine  peazz.  Cumbriana.  p.  7,  line  14. 

And  away  to  t'  leatth  door  in  a  crack; 
Hitch't  off  onta  t'  peazz. 

Cumbriana.  p.  249,  line  10. 


239 


Peck,  G. — To  throw  a  stone,  to  pitch  I 
with  a  short  jerking  action.  A 
horse  that  goes  rather  "  close  to  | 
the  ground  "  with  his  fore  feet, 
will  frequently  touch  the  ground 
with  his  toe  and  make  a  stumble 
— such  an  one  pecks  from  want  of 
vigour. 

Peckin  away  at  ivery  laal  stean  on't  road. 

J.  Ar. 

Pedder,  g.  (peddh.U'R')     Pettier, 

K,  EC.  (peth.U'R')— To  attempt  to   j 
foist  an  inferior  article  on  a  buyer,   j 

.  "Don't  pedder  that  rubbish  on  me." 

Peddera  :   see  Yan. 

Pee,  G.  (pee) — To  squint,  to  look 
with  one  eye. 

Ah  shot  t'  teaah  ee  an  try't  peean  up 
sideways  at  it.  Scoap.    p.  212,  line  9. 

Pee'd,  G. — Having  only  one  eye. 
This  PEETSwankyslapeclogs  coa's  his-sel  a 
guide.  Scoap.    p.  209,  line  1. 

Hard's  Miller  an'  peed  Peaty, 

War  there  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  13. 

Pee(k)  in  yer  oan  pok  neuk,  Cs., 
Ws.  Peekle  in  yer  ain  pwoke 
neuk,  ne. — Mind  your  own  busi- 
ness ;  see  how  it  applies  to  your- 
self. 

Peek,  c,  e.,  nw.  (peek).  Peeak, 
s w.  (peeu'k).  Peekle ,  el,  ne.  (pee.- 
ku'l) — To  pry  into  secret  matters ; 
to  observe  with  care. 

"He  cam  gloppan'  and  peekan'  into  ivry 
corner." 

My  fadder  hed  gitten  up,  an'  was  peeklen 

aboot  to  see  what  mischief  hed  beendeun. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  35,  line  5. 

Ah  knew  ah'd  deunn  nowt  werang,  an 
sooa  ah  keaart  nowt  aboot  his  peekan  an 
glimen.  Scoap.    p.  35,  line  17. 

Peel,  N.,  nw;  (peel)— Peels  or  Peel 
towers  are  common  throughout 
the  northern  part  of  the  county. 
They  consisted  usually  of  a  square 


tower  with  walls  of  great  thick- 
ness ;  in  the  lower  portion,  whose 
entrance  was  barricaded  with  an 
iron  gate,  the  cattle  were  secured 
at  night  against  the  marauders  of 
the  Borders  ;  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  tower  were  chambers  in  which 
lived  the  family.  Now,  the  whole 
of  the  building  is  inhabited  as  at 
Linstock  and  elsewhere. 

Peelgarlic  :   see  Pilgarlic. 

Peert,  g.  (piuort  ;  peeu'R't) — 
Brisk,  lively,  impertinent,  forward. 

"  Peert  as  a  pyet."      Saying. 

She  was  seah  peeart,  an'  hes  a  cheek  fer 
owt.      Jos.  P. 

Peesweep :   see  Teufet. 

Peffel,  w.  (pef.u'l) — To  beat  severe- 
ly. In  the  Penrith  district,  a  man 
would  be  said  to  be  "  fair  pefeelled  " 
implying  that  he  was  thoroughly 
fatigued  by  the  use  of  the  flail. 

J.  Ar. 

Peffellin,  W. — A  severe  castigation. 

J.  Ar. 

Peg,  G.  (peg) — A  thump  with  the 
fist ;  a  child's  tooth. 

— To  beat,  to  thump. 

Peg  away,  g — To  hurry  on,  pro- 
gress, work  hard. 
She  keept  peggin'  away  as  hard  an'  as 
lood  as  she  nicely  knew  hoo. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.     p.  15,  col.  4. 
I'  th'  meanteyme  the  fiddlers  changg'd 
and  play'd 
As  hard  as  they  cou'd  peg. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25. 

Peggy  nut,  c.  Peggy,  c,  wc— 
A  boy's  game  with  nuts.  See 
Shuffle. 

Peggy  whitethroat,  g.      Nettle 
Creeper.      Nannie,    NO.  —  The 
Whitethroat — Sylvia  cinema. 
The  bird  was  what  is  locally  termed  a 

PEGGY-WHITE-THROAT. 

"W.C.T.    1899,  June  3.    p.  4,  col.  8. 


240 


Pegh,  G.  not  sw.  (pegh)— To  pant 
with  a  stifled  groan. 

At  neeght  I  lig  me  down ; 
But  nobbet  pech,  and  gowl,  and  fret. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  2. 

Peina :   see  Yan. 

Pelder,  e.,  sw.  (pelddhu'R*)— To 
encumber. 

Pelderment,  w. — "  A  heap  o'  pel- 
derment" — great  untruths,    l.a. 

Pelk,  c,  e.  (pelk).  Whelk,  c. 
(welk) — To  strike  with  force. 

Pell,  a,  nw,  ec  (pel)— A  rattling 
shower  of  rain  or  hail. 
"  Does  it  ever  rain  here  ?  "  "  Wh y  it  douks 
and  dozzles  an'  does,  an'  sumtimes  gi's  a 
bit  of  a  snifter,  but  it  niver  cums  iv  any 
girt  pell.  Cumbriana.    p.  68,  line  1. 

Pell-mell,  g. — Said  of  any  violent 
or  sudden  action. 
Dansan  pell-mell,  fit  ta  brek  t'  loft  doon. 
Lamplugh.    p.  8,  Him  7. 

Pellock,  nw.  (pel.uk) — A  wooden 
vessel  for  carrying  bait  for  fishing 
lines. 

Pelt,  G.  (pelt)— The  idea  intended 
to  be  conveyed  by  this  word  is  a 
vigorous  action  of  some  kind,  as 
a  blow  ;  "he  com  in  wid  a  pelt " 
— with  a  rush. 
Bit  many  a  truth  is  to  tell  yet, 

That  comes  out  to  t'  front  wid  a  pelt. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  243,  line  7. 

Screapen  away  at  their  stibbly  chafts  as 
hard  as  he  could  pelt. 

"W.C.T.    1898,  Mar.  12.    p.  2,  col.  3. 

— To  assault  by  throwing  something. 
They  peltit  yan  anudder  wid  boil't  flooar 
an' rubarb.      Betty  Wilson,   p.  78,  line  11. 

Pelter,  g.  not  sw.  (peltth.U'R')— 
Anything  large. 

Theer'  a  whillimer-cheese  abune'  bed-heed, 
An'  dall !  but  it's  a  pelter. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  4. 


At  Dalston  there  should  be  indeed  some 

real  shelter 
Where  the  rain,  "more  suo,"  comes  down 

a  real  pelter. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Jan.  3.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

— G. — To  patter  ;  move  quickly. 
He   heeard  t'  thing,  whativver  it  was, 
pelteren  away  behint  him. 

W.C.T.X.    1898.    p.  7,  coh  2. 

Peltin,  g.  (pelt.U'N;  pelt.in)— A 
beating. 

T'  seaam  policeman  at  seaavt  thee  hide 
fra  a  good  peltin.      Scoap.   p.  137,  line  20. 

Pen,  c,  nc— A  small  block  of  sand- 
stone used  for  paving  a  water- 
course.   Cf.  Set. 

— To  lay  the  bed  of  a  watercourse 

With  pens. 

Pen-feddert,  g. — One  of  the  stages 
of  a  young  bird's  growth. 

Penjy :   see  Pinjy. 

Pennies-a-piece :   see  A-piece. 

Penny  doctor,  Penniless  doctor  : 
see  Doctor. 

Penny  hop  :   see  Upshot. 

Penny  pie  :   see  Coald  pie. 

Penny som',  g.  (pen.isu'm)  —  Pro- 
fitable by  small  items. 

Pennystans,  g.  (pen.i-stu'Ns) — 
Stones  used  in  the  game  of  "  pitch 
and  toss  "  instead  of  pennies. 

Tou  was  wi'  pennystens  a  darter  ; 
I  at  trippet  bangt  tern  aw. 

Anderson — Jeff  and  Job.    Stz.  2. 

Pens,  g.  (PENZ) — The  ends  of  broken 
fronds,  etc. ;  the  heads  of  young 
feathers,  just  as  they  are  breaking 
through  the  skin. 
Her  hands  get  cut  with  the  sharp  stones 
and  bracken  n 

Beckside  Boggle,    p.  290,  line  7. 


Who's  to  poo  t'  pens  out  ? 

Cl'MKKIANA. 


p.  116. 


241 


Pen-stean,  nw.      Heuk-back.  — 

The  irregularly  cut  stone  from 
which  the  arch  of  a  bridge  springs. 

J.H. 

Pensy,  g.  (pen.si)— Sickly;  of  weak 
appetite. 

Some  pensy  chiels,  a  new  sprung  race 
Wad  next  their  welcome  pay. 

Blamire — Traveller.    Stz.  5. 

A  snow  in  the  month  o'  May 

Meks  pensy  kye  eat  steydal  hay. 

Old  Saying. 

Pent  as,  p.,  N.,  sw.  (pent.its) — 
Penthouse ;  a  roof  fixed  to  the 
side  of  a  house.  Common  in  the 
18th  century  in  farm  yards;  scarce 
in  the  19th. 

At  t'  tudder  end  on't  we  com  anunder  a 
terrable  lang  pentus.     Scoap.   p.5,line22. 

Formerly  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Orton 
had  what  were  called  penthouses  in  front 
of  their  dwellings.  .  .  Only  one  penthouse 
is  now  standing.      Scott,   p.  229. 

Pepper-cake,  g.  (pep.U'R') — A  cake 
of  ginger-bread. 

Perch,  nw. — The  Bass— Lalras  lupus. 

Fauna,    p.  473. 

Perlang :   see  Belang. 

Pernickity,  n.,  nw.,  nc.  (pu'R'NIK.- 
uti).  Picknickety,  n.,  nw. 
(piknik.uti) — Unnecessarily  care- 
ful about  trifles ;  fastidious  ;  a  per- 
nickity job — requiring  careful  treat- 
ment. 

Pertense,  c,  e.,  ec.  (pu'R'tens.) — 
False  pride,  "  show  off."  Also 
(sw.)  a  man  is  said  to  have  per- 
tense when  he  pretends  to  be  able 
to  do  more  than  he  really  can  (r.k.). 
"Full  of  pertense" — full  of  silly 
pride. 

It's  nowt  bit  pertense,  an'  he's  nowte 
efter  aw.      Jos.  P. 
Q 


Pest,  g.      Pestment.  —  Anything 
which  annoys,  worries,  or  is  mis- 
chievous. 
"  He's  olas  in  mischieevs,  a  fair  pest  !  " 

'Twas  mete  that  sunkets  they  devise'd, 
This  pestment  to  destroy. 

Minstrel — Panic.    Stz.  21. 

Pestle  tail,  nw.  (pes.U'l  tael). 
Pistol  tail,  e.  (pist.u'l)— A 
horse's  tail  denuded  of  hair. 

Pet,    tak  t' — :  g  —  To   become 

sulky. 

I  Will  TAK  T'  PET, 

An'  into  t'  fire  my  pen  I'll  fling. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  142,  line  4. 

Pether :   see  Pedder. 

Pet-lip,  G. — A  hanging  under-lip; 
to  hang  a  pet-lip  is  to  be  sulky. 

Pettle,  g.  (pet.u'l).  Potter,  g. 
Pottle,  g.  (paut.U'l).  Pawtle, 
nw.  (pau.tu'l)— To  occupy  time 
over  trifles,  to  trifle.  To  be  appar- 
ently busy,  yet  doing  no  work, 
said  especially  of  a  woman.  See 
Potter. 

What  wid  mendin'  his  oan  cleas  an  pett- 
lin'  fer  hissel,  he  shuffled  through  this 
warld.  W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  9,  col.  1. 

He  pettles  and  ndges. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Petty  :   see  Laal  house. 

Peyle — To  beat  (not  known  to 
COITS.)  Ferguson— Dialect,    p.  101. 

Pewder,  g.  (pioo.ddhu'R').  Pew- 
ther,  n.  (pioo.thu'R')  —  Pewter. 
Large  dishes  and  dinner  plates  of 
pewter  succeeded  wooden  trench- 
ers about  the  beginning  of  the 
18th  century,  and  were  displaced 
by  crockery  early  in  the  19th. 

Pewder  plates  an  trenchers 
Anderson— The  Cram.    p.  6,  col.  2,  line  16. 


24i 


Pez  scodin',  g. — Grey  peas  when 
young  are  boiled  in  the  pod  and 
thrown  on  to  a  riddle  to  drain.  A 
cup  containing  butter  is  set  in  the 
midst  and  each  person  dips  the 
end  of  the  pod  into  the  butter, 
strips  out  the  peas  between  the 
teeth,  and  then  pelts  his  neighbour 
with  the  empty  shell. 

Pez-strae,  c,  n.,  sw. — The  pez-strae 
charm  .  .  .  may  possibly  be  still 
practised  in  some  places.  Any 
person  who  suffered  disappoint- 
ment from  his  or  her  lover,  when 
the  loss  became  irretrievable,  was 
rubbed  over  with  pease-straw  by 
individuals  of  the  opposite  sex. 

Sullivan     p.  153. 
For,  Jock    the    young    laird    was    new- 
weddet ; 
His  aul  sweetheart  luikt  wae  ; 
Wheyle  some  wer  aw  titt'rin  an  flyrin, 
The  lads  rubb'd  her  down  wi'   pez- 
strae. 
Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  6. 

Pezzel,  c,  e.,  nw.  (pez.u'l).  Pizzel 
(piz.u'l) — To  labour  with  might 
and  main. 

We  teaak  ooar  hacks  an  speaads  doon  wid 
us,  an  began  pizzelan  away  wih  t'  hacks 
amang  a  lock  eh  gravel. 

Scoap.    p.  224,  line  23. 

Pheasant  lilly :  see  Gruinea-hen 
flower. 

Pheasant's  tail,   nw.,  w. — Shield 

fern — Poly stic hum  acnleatum.     W.H. 

Phraise,  c,  N.  (fr/aez) —  Smooth 
fondling  talk  (Gibson).  Quarrel 
(Anderson). 

Now,  lasses  I  hae  found  it  out 
What  men  mak  a'  this  phraise  about. 

Blamire — I've  gotten  a  rock.    Stz.  4. 
Sham  fa'  the  loon,  whose  rhymin'  phrase 
Maks  onie  lass  forget  hersel ! 
Anderson — Nanny.  II.  1820.  Stz.  3. 
Atween  the  twee  theer's  sec  a  frase, 
0,  but  it's  bad  to  beyde  ! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  4. 


— To  talk  in  a  smooth  or  fondling 
manner. 

An'  pays  what  he  owes  fwok  wid  phraisin' 
or  fratchin'. 

Gibson — Ned  o'  Kes'ick.    p.  46,  line  7. 

Piannet,  c,  n.  (pee.U'NEt). — The  En- 
tire-leaved peony.  —  Pceonia  coral- 
Una. 

Pick,  c,  N.,  E.  (pik)— A  push  ;  a 
spasm;  "  Bidin'  t'  picks  on't" — suf- 
fering from  the  gibes  and  jeers  of 
malevolent  neighbours. 
When  ah  say  "three"  give  her  a  good 
pick  reet  ower  and  let  her  gah. 

W.C.T.X.  1893.  p.  5,  col.  4. 

And  monny  a  panting  heart  was  there 
That  bid  full  bitter  picks. 

Minstrel — Panic.  Stz.  28. 

— To  pitch ;  lift  with  a  pitchfork  ; 
push.  To  push  off  with  the  inner 
edge  of  the  calker,  when  sliding 
on  the  ice  in  clogs ;  the  action  is 
the  same  as  "  striking  out "  when 
on  skates.  To  abort. 
Pickan  yan  or  two  yung  chaps  backerts 
ower  t'  skemmel.  Scoap.  p.  20,  line  18. 

Jurry'  black  filly  pick'd  the  fwoal. 

Anderson — Grizzy.  Stz.  4. 

Pick  at,  g.  (pik).  Pike  at,  (paaik 
aat) — To  invite  a  quarrel ;  worry, 
annoy,  affront ;  find  fault  with,  as 
one  hen  picks  at  another. 
"  They're  olas  pikin  at  yan  anudder." 

If  theear's  owt  wrang  he  starts  pickan  at 
me.      Jos.  P. 

If  thoo  doesn't  like  it,  niver  pick  and  pike 
at  it  like  that,  leave  it.  Jos.  P. 

Picking  stick — This  was  held  in 
the  hand-loom  weaver's  right  hand, 
and  gave  motion  to  the  Fly  by 
means  of  a  cord  attached  to  the 
spindle  of  the  Fly,  and  thus  the 
Shuttle  carrying  the  weft  passed 
it  between  the  threads  of  the 
warp. 


243 


Pickle,  a,  N.,  e.  (pik.U'l) — A  grain 
of  com ;  a  pinch ;  a  small  quantity. 
A  paviour  near  Armathwaite  undertook  to 
set  cobble  stones  on  a  certain  road,  as  fast 
as  a  hen  could  pick  up  pickles  of  barley  ; 
he  succeeded,  but  only  by  "  shooing  "  the 
hen  away  whenever  she  got  ahead  of  him. 

This  stew  (rhubarb)  hedn't  a  pickle  o' 
suggarin't.  C.Pacq.  1893,May4.  p. 6, col.  1. 

"We  have  the  fullest  stackyard  we've  had 
for  some  years,  and  it  does  not  yield  so  ill 
but  rather  small  in  the  pickle.         J.H. 

Pickle  plant,  c,  SW. — Jointed  Glass- 
wort — Salicoryiia  herbacea. 

Pickless,  c,  NW.  (pik.;  paalklu's) 
— Incompetent,  feckless,  useless. 

Picknickety :  see  Pernickity. 

Picks,  c,  N. — The  diamond  suit  of 
cards.     Obs. 

But  picks  was  TRUMPS. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.  Stz.  17. 

Picky,   G.  not  e.  (pik.i)— Of  weak 
appetite. 
"T  barn's  nut  weel,  it's  too  picky  by  far." 

Pic'tarn,  g.  Sea  swallow.  Pick- 
man,  Obs. —The  Tern  (g.d.)— 
Sterna  Jiumatllis. 

Pie  gathering,  ne. — It  was  formerly 
a  custom  in  some  districts  at 
Christmas  time  for  the  boys  to 
collect  pies,  cakes  or  money,  and 
afterwards  to  divide  the  collection 
between  them. 

Pifer,  nc.  (paei.fu'R')— To  be  peev- 
ish, petulant. 
What's  te  pifren  aboot  ?      J.W.B. 

Pifrey,  nc. — Peevish,  petulant. 

He's  varra  pifrey.      J.W.B. 

Pigeon  felty  :   see  Fellfo'. 

Piggin,  g.(pig.in)— SameasHanny; 
also  a  wooden  basin  for  holding 
porridge  (j.n.d.). 
Four  piggins  black  with  age  and  worn. 

Sanderson,  p.  46,  line  1. 


A  three-quart  piggin  fou  o'  keale. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.  Stz.  7. 

Here's  t'  'bacco  piggin. 

Richardson.  2nd.  p.  54,  line  3. 

Pig  in,  G.  (pig-in) — To  nestle  close 
as  pigs  do  ;  to  sleep  together  two 
or  more  in  a  bed. 
"Come  barns,  pig  in  to  bed  wi'  ya." 

T"  fella  his-sel  mun  ha'  bin  a  waistrel  to 
pig  in  thar,or  else  ooer  kysty  to  be  amang 
dacent  foke.    Forness  Folk.  p.  31,  line  10. 

Eight  of  us  had  to  pig  in  thegither. 

Graham — Red  Scaur.  1896.  p.  18. 

Pig-steul,  c,  w.   Pig-form,  sw. — 

A  flat  frame  on  which  pigs  are  laid 
to  be  killed. 

Pike,  g.  (paaik)  Peyke,  nw. 
(paeik) — A  large-sized  hay-cock ; 
the  conical  top  of  a  mountain  or 
hill ;  the  peak ;  a  pillar  or  cairn  of 
stones  erected  on  the  highest  point 
of  a  mountain.  The  iron  tip  of  the 
scythe  sned.    A  grudge. 

"Langdale  Pikes." 

She  hes  a  peyke  at  me.     Rev.  J.  Hodgson. 

He  bought  a  pike  of  hay  at  a  sale. 

C.  Patr.  1896,  Oct.  30.  p.  7,  col.  1. 

— To  grudge  ;  to  be  saucy,  complain; 
to  eat  without  relish.  To  build  up 
pikes  of  hay.     See  Pick. 
You  let  nae  snaffling  cares  e'er  drift  ye 
To  pleen  an'  peyke. 

Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.  Stz.  3. 
Among  the  cocks  when  hay  was  being 
piked.     Graham — Red  Scaur.  1896.  p.  80. 

Pikelins,  sw.  (paalklinz)— Half- 
sized  haycocks. 

Pike  thank,  c,  sw.  (paaik).  Pik 
thank  (pik  thaank) — A  slander- 
ous mischief  maker ;  a  mean  syco- 
phant. 

Pile,  g.(paail).  Peyle,  nw.  (paeil) 
— A  coarse  grass  growing  near  the 
shore  ;  a  blade  of  grass. 
"  Theer  is  n't  a  pile  o'  girse  on  o'  t'  field." 


244 


Piley,  G.  (paalli)— A  white  game- 
fowl  having  a  few  black  or  red 
feathers. 

Pilgarlic,  c,  nw,  e.  (pilgaa.R'LIk). 
Peelgarlic,  n.  (peelgaa.rxik) — 
A  simpleton,  (c.)  A  tall,  slender 
and  starved  girl. 

Nae  caff  bed,  or  blankets,  fer  silly  pil- 
garlic. 
Anderson — Borrowdale  Jwohnny.  Stz.8. 

Pillick,  g.  not  e.,  sw.  (pil.ik).  Pintle , 
c,  w.,  nw.  (pin.tux)  —  The  male 
organ. 

Pilliver,  c.  (pil.ivu'R')— Pillow. 

He  laid  back  on  his  pilliver,  an'  leuk't 
at  them  varra  wistful-like. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  26,  line  14. 

Pimp  :  see  Yan. 

Pin,  c,  e.,  sw.  (pin)— To  give  pain, 
to  torture.  When  ewes  are  in 
full  milk,  the  excrement  from  the 
young  lambs  glues  the  tail  down 
upon  the  anus,  and  prevents  all 
discharge ;  the  lamb  is  then  said 
to  be  pin't.     (c.)  Slang  for  to  steal 

(J.B.). 

"Man!    it  did  pin  me  sair" — said  to  a 

doctor.    J.S.O. 

Pinch,  G.  (pinch)— To  save,  to  be 
miserly,  to  fall  short ;    drive   to 
difficulties,  to  distress. 
"He'll  be  pinch't  to  get  it  done." 

Jwohn  pinch't  an'  spar't,  an'  tew't  an' 
streav.    Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.  Stz.3. 

The  poor  good  folks,  you  all  can  tell 
Have  long  been  pinch'd  for  bread. 

Cunningham,     p.  74,  line  9. 

"Hoo  far  is't  off  ?  "  "Pinch't  o'  two  miles." 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  107,  line  15. 

Pinch  gut,  g.  (pinch-guot)  —  A 
miserly  person. 

Pined,  g.  (pa aint)— Starved,  in  ill- 
health;  (e.)  refers  to  shrunken 
wood  (A.C.). 


Pin  in  in  t'  belly,  c,  w.,  nw.  — A 

depressing  sensation  in  the  bowels. 

"  It  isn't  t'  gripes,  it's  a  pinix." 

'Pinion  tied,  g.  (pin.iuon  taait)— 
Strong  in  opinion,  obstinate. 

Pinjan,   c.  (pinj.U'n).     Peeng't, 

c,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (peenjt)— Having  the 
appearance  of  starving ;  fretful, 
sickly. 

What's  t'  use  o'  pinchin',  pinchin',  alius, 
Till  yan's  feace  grows  ping't  an'  thin. 
Richardson,  1st.    p.  102,  line  5. 

Pinjy,  c,  E.,  nw.  (pinj.i).  Penjy, 
c,  n.  (penj.i)  —  Of  a  complaining 
habit. 

Shaeme  fa'  thur  pingin'  gowks  that  grum- 

At  weasten  teyme.  [mel 

Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  4. 

Pink  :   see  Herling. 

Pink  spot,  nc. — The  six-spot  Burnet 
moth — Zygcena  jilipendulce.     F.D. 

Pinky  :   see  Scop. 

Pinnel :  see  Leek. 

Pinner,  n. — A  cap  or  headress.  Obs. 

Pinnert :   see  Neddert. 

Pin pointin',  b  —  Too  exacting  about 
trifles. 

Pint,  g.  (paaint).    Peynt,  nw. 
(paeint) — To  drink. 
He  went  till  his  quarters  for  a  "het  peynt." 
He  peynted  and  peynted  on  till  Chris'mas 
Day.  W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  9,  col.  & 

Pin't  into  t'  hard  yerth,  c,  nc. 
Hard  pin't,  sw.,  nc,  b.  Eaten 
into  — ,  nw. — Said  of  the  grass 
when  eaten  off  to  the  bare  ground. 

Pipe  stoppel,  g. — The  tube  of  a 
tobacco  pipe. 

Ah  wad  think  nowt  eh  breckan  a  fella  oh 
thy  swatch  across  me  knee  like  a  pipe- 
stopple.  '  Scoap.    p.  201,  line  7. 

Pipestopple  Lane,  Wigton. 


245 


was  sec  a  pistol  as  ye  nivver 
W.C.T.X.    1897.     p.  15,  col.  3. 


Pippin,  g.  (pip.ln) — Pips  or  seeds  of 
the  apple,  etc. 

A  pippin  frae  an  apple  fair  I  cut. 

Relph — Agnes  Fast,    line  16. 

Pirn,  nw.  (pur'n)— To  shrink  in 
bulk  as  when  a  fat  animal  becomes 
thinner,     j.h.     See  Purn. 

Pissimer,  c,  e.,  sw.  (pislmu'r). 
Pissmudder,  g.  not  e.  (pis.muo- 
ddhu'r).  Pishmidder,  n.  (pish.- 
middhu'R').   Pissimire ,  sw.  (pis  i- 

MAAI.U'R') — The  ant— Formica,. 

"  Ah  think  'at  it's  co'd  t'  fleein  pissimudder." 

Mowdy-warp  hills,  an'  pissimire  nests." 

Forness  Folk.    p.  7,  line  2. 

Pissybed  :   see  Clock. 

Pistol,  g.  (pist.U'l)— A  term  of  de- 
rision amongst  the  young,  equiva- 
lent to  "son  of  a  gun  "  ;  a  clown. 
"  Thoo's  a  bonny  pistol,  thoo  is." 
Bill  hissel 
seed. 

Pith,  G. — Strength,  power. 

Thus  with  pith  restword  yence  mair. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 

Pity,  g. — To  feel  compunction  j  be 
reluctant ;  to  be  sorry  for. 
''It  was  seah  whiet,  poor  thing,   'at  Ah 
pity't  to  kill  't  last  'ear." 
It  fair  pitied  me  to  see  t'  poor  auld  gal- 
loway so  sairly  failed.      J.  Ar. 

Plack,  c,  n.  (plaak)— A  very  small 
coin  or  sum  of  money. 

He  leev't  to  screap  an'  seav, 
An'  deit  wi'oot  a  plack  at  last. 

Richardson,  1st.     p.  13S,  line  3. 

Plaid  neuk,  N.,  ne.— The  sewn-up 
corner  of  the  plaid  in  which  the 
shepherd  carries  a  weakly  lamb, 
a  parcel,  etc. 

The  lamb  was  slung  in  the  nook  of  his 
plaid.  Rise  of  Rivkr.    p.  194,  line  5. 

Plain  as  a  pike  staff,  g.  —  Very 
distinct  and  evident. 

It's  rayder  auld-fashin't,  an'  broad,  an'  aw, 

Bit  plain  as  a  pike-staff,  an  easy  to  know. 

Richardson,  1st.    VI.    line  7. 


Plantin',  g.  (plaant.in)— A  plan- 
tation of  trees. 

They  gat  intill  a  lal  three-cworner't  plan- 
tin',  clwose  be  t'  rwoad  side. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  80,  line  1. 

Plash,  n.,  e.  (pl  A  ash)— To  trim  the 
sides  of  a  hedge  ;  to  splash. 
T'  rain  fair  plashes  again  when  it  comeS 
a  gurt  heavy  shoor.   Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Ap.  12. 

Plat,  g.  not  sw.  (plaat)— Plot ;  a 
line  of  hay  ready  for  cocking;  a 
broad  ridge  of  land. 
Below  t'  toon  theer  a  plat  of  fine  land 
aw  t'  way  doon  to  t'  low  end. 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  112,  line  8. 
Next  brekkin'  oot  oanly  covered  aboot 
hoaf  t'  grund,  as  it  was  deune  thicker,  an' 
i' plats.     C.Pacq.  1893,  Aug.  17.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

— ne.,  nw. — To  walk  heavily. 

As  my  fadder  reudd  on't  powney,  plit- 
plat,  plit-plat,  aw't  way  to  Cock-brig 
an'  back  agean. 

Formerly  the  people  of  Haltcliffe  and 
district  when  appealing  against  their 
assessment  for  the  King's  Taxes,  had  to 
go  all  the  distance — close  on  20  miles  of 
an  indifferent  road,  to  Cockbridge  Hostel- 
ry on  the  Ellen  for  that  purpose.  A 
young  damsel  questioned  as  to  the  where- 
abouts of  her  father  made  the  reply  quoted 
above,  which  has  become  an  established 
saying  amounting  almost  to  a  proverb, 
for  more  than  70  years  in  the  neighbour- 
hood.     W.H. 

Plate,  sw,  e, nw.  (pl aet).  Rabbet, 
nc.  (raab.U't)  —  To  clinch  ;  to 
rivet. 

Pleen,  c,  n.,  e.  (pleen).  Pleean, 
sw.  (pleeu'n)— To  complain. 

Bleamin'  an'  backbitin',  grudgin'  an'  pleen- 
in.  Gibson — Ned  o'  Kes'ick.   Stz.  7. 

Pleezter,  g.  (plee.stthu'R') — More 
pleased. 

Plennets,  sw.,  nc.  (plen.U'Ts) — 
Abundance. 
Down  in  plennets  teems  the  rain. 

Stagg — Return.    Stz.  22. 


246 


Plet,   g.  not  sw.  (plet)— To  plait 
straw,  etc. ;  to  twist. 
"  He  gangs  plettan  his  legs,  and  wammels 
like  an  eel." 

Then  dadged  we  to  the  bog  owr  meadows 

dree, 
To  plet  a  sword  and  seevy  cap  for  thee  ; 
•.  Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  9. 

Willy  Fisher,  wid    his    hair  o'  plettit 
roond,  smeukt  cleet  leaves. 

CUMBRIANA.     p.  9,  line  7. 

Pleuk :   see  Plook. 

Plenter,  g.  (plee.tthu'R'; 
pliuotth.U'R')— To  trifle  at  work. 
He  pleeters  on  and  gets  nae  work  done 
at  a'.      J.H. 

Pleutery,  n.,  ne.  (pliuotth.U'R'i) — 
Lumber,  rubbish. 
"  Rid  away  that  pleutery,  Maggy." 

Pliskets — Supernatural  or  uncanny 
tricks  or  games.  Mischievous 
practical  joke.  A  Scottish  word, 
and  now  obsolete  in  Cumberland. 
j.h.  informs  me  that  long  ago  he 
heard  the  word  used  by  Scotsmen, 
but  "  we  never  use  it." 

An'  to  th'  de'il,  by  christian  care, 
Their  pagan  pliskits  banish'd. 
Stagg — Rosley  Fair.    p.  181.    Stz.  2. 

Plit-plat :  see  Plat. 

Plode,  g.  not  sw.  (plaud).  Plote, 
C,  E.  (plaut) — To  wade  through 
water  and  mire,  to  go  at  random 
over  dirty  ground,  (c.)  To  touch 
with  dirty  hands. 
Plotin'  her  durty  fingers  ower  my  minsh 
pies.      J.B. 

Plodge,  g.  (plauj)— To  plunge ;  to 
wade  in  water. 

Plooat,  e.  (ploout)  —  To  pluck  a 
fowl ;  (n.,ne.)  to  plunge  a  fowl  after 
a  partial  plucking  into  hot  water 
so  that  the  remaining  feathers  may 
be  the  more  easily  removed ;  to 
scald  a  dead  pig  so  as  to  cleanse 


it  and  remove  the  thin  outer  skin 
and  hair  by  scraping ;  to  steep  a 
gathered  finger  in  hot  water. 
Tweea    Martindale    geese    biath    full   o' 

fedder, 
Thee  plooat  tian  an'  Ah'll  plooat  tudder. 
Pen.  Obs.      1898,  April  12. 

Plook,  g.  (plook).    Pleuk,  c,  n. 
(pliuok) — A  pimple  on  the  face. 
Her  face  as  lang  as  onie  base  fiddle, 

And  aw  spattert  owre  wi'  reed  pluiks. 
Anderson — Fellows  roun  Torkin.   Stz.  8. 

He  was  a  girt  brossen  like  fellow,  wid  a 
breade  reed  nwose,  an'  a  feace  thick  sown 

wi'  PLOOKS. 

Joe  and  the  Landlord,    p.  4,  line  3. 

Plotes,  c. — Greet  plotes  sometimes 
used  for  the  hands,  j.b.  See 
Plode. 

Plover's  page,  Plover's  provider : 
see  Sea  moose. 

Plowder,  n.  (plauw.ddhu'R') — To 
plod. 

An'  aye,  as  ower  the  deykes  I  sprang 
An'  plowther't  through  the  mire. 

Brown — Peggy  Gill.    Stz.  2. 

Phi'  bote,  c— The  right  of  custom- 
ary tenants  to  take  wood  for  the 
repair  of  ploughs,  carts  and  har- 
rows ;  also  for  the  making  of 
rakes  and  forks.     Obs. 

Plu.'  co'er,  g.  (plioo-kau.u'r). 
Pluff,  n.,  ne.  (pluof)— The  driver 
of  each  pair  of  plough  oxen  or 
horses  in  the  last  century,  usually 
a  lad  or  stout  girl,  whose  duty  it 
was  to  steer  the  animals,  to  keep 
them  moving  steadily,  to  turn  them 
in  at  the  ends,  and  to  bear  patiently 
the  scowls  and  reproaches,  and 
occasionally  the  cuffs,  of  the  irri- 
tated ploughman  when  his  want 
of  skill  caused  a  blunder  in  his 
performance.  Such  mishaps  being 
of  frequent  occurrence,  deterred 
the  youngster  from  going  to  co'  t' 
plu'.     One  or  two  centuries  back  a 


247 


full  plough-team  was  called  the   I 
"  lang  ten,"  and  was  made  up  of 
ten  individuals,  viz. :  two  pairs  of 
long   horned    oxen,    one   pair   of 
horses  or  galloways,  a  ploughman, 
a  person  (often  a  woman)  to  hold 
down  the  beam,  and  two  plu'  coers, 
sometimes  an  eleventh  to  turn  the 
tough  ley  furrow  behind  the  plough 
with    a    spade.      At   that   period   ! 
seldom  more  than  one  man  in  a 
village  or  hamlet  could  guide  a 
plough,  and  his  attainments  were 
consequently  very  important. 
Next  yok  in  o'  lang-horn't  owsen  two  pair, 

Two  lang-tailed  horses  unshod  ; 
Co*  t'  plue-hodder,  plue-co'ers — two  or 
three  mair.    Cumbrian  a.  p.  242,  line  1. 

Plug,  c,  nw.'(pluog) — A  long  con- 
tinued pull. 

— To  plug  ;  to  pull  continuously. 

Pint :   see  Pult. 

Ply,  g.  (plaai)— A  fold  of  cloth. 

"  We  put  on  three  ply  o'  flannin  for  a  sare 
throat." 

Poach,  g.  (pauch)— To  trample  land 
in  wet  weather,  and  when  a  cow 
is  said  to  have  seven  mouths 
destroying  the  grass,  viz.  four  feet, 
one  mouth  and  two  droppers  of 
excrement. 

Poap,  c ,  e.  (paup).  Paap, .  sw. 
(paap) — To  walk  as  in  the  dark. 
"  Poapan'  an'  stopan." 

An'  Jwohn  o'  Craypless  Ho'  an'  me  went 

poapin'  on  oorsells, 
An'  no'but  slow,  for  t'  snow  was  thick. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  13. 

Poat :   see  Pawt. 

Pock  arr't,  c,  e.  (pauk-aart). 
Pock  fret,  c.  (fr'Et).  Pock 
err't,  n.,  nw.  (ert)— Marked  by 
small-pox. 

Thoo  ugly  laal  pock-aart  spaffles  thoo. 
Scoap.    p.  201,  line  10. 

Pod  :   see  Prod. 


Poddinger,  c.  (paud.inju'R')  —  A 
coarse  earthenware  pot  having  a 
handle  on  one  side. 

Poddish,  c.,e.,sw.(paud.ish).  Par- 
ritch,  Ns.  (paarmch) — Porridge, 
a  pottage  of  oatmeal — the  usual 
breakfast  and  supper,  with  bread, 
cheese  and  milk,  of  the  farm-ser- 
vants over  the  greater  part  of  the 
county.;  and  till  lately  of  the 
farmers  and  their  families  ;  gene- 
rally referred  to  in  the  plural,  as 
is  also  Broth. 

"it's  slow  wark  suppin'  poddish  wid  a 
fork."      Saying. 

"I've  seav't  thee  poddish"  Betty  sed, 
Thoo'd  better  sup  them  up. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  25,  line  1. 

Poddish  kyte,  G.  not  ne.  —  A  glut- 
tonous child  or  youth  ;  (sw.)  a 
big-bellied  person  or  animal. 

"It's  nut  t'  skin  of  a  clap  keak  'at  '11 
sarra  that  poddish  kyte." 

Poddish  stick  :   see  Thyvel. 

Pode  :   see  Uphod. 

Podgy,  G.  (patjj  i) — Short  and  fat. 
He  was  a  laal  shwort  podgy  fella. 

Scoap.    p.  206,  line  5. 

Poik,  c,  n.,  ne.  (pauik).  Powk,  sw. 
(paawk) — To  take  up  a  marble 
that  is  in  play,  in  an  irregular 
manner;  hence  to  steal.  Poiks! 
is  called  out  when  a  game  at  mar- 
bles must  cease,  then  each  player 
calling  this  out,  is  entitled  to  ap- 
propriate as  many  marbles  which 
are  in  play  as  he  can. 

What's  te  poikin  that  for  ?    J.B. 

Polly  :   see  Pyet  and  Cowey. 

Pomes,  g.  (paums)— The  blossoms 
of  the  willow  tribe  ;  blossoming 
branches  of  the  willow  are  used 
to  represent  palms  on  Palm  Sun- 
day. 
This  thy  height's  like  a  poME-tree. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.    VII.,  7. 


248 


Ponderhows,  c.  (paunddh.U'R- 
auwz)  —  In  the  Cockermouth 
district,  the  accommodation  lanes 
leading  from  highway  to  certain 
enclosed  fields  are  so  called,    j.b. 

Pooder,  g.  not  sw.  (poo.ddhu'R')— 
Hurry. 
Wid   a   hullabaloo   they   cry't  "  Shoou ! 

shoou  !  " 
And  heame  set  he  in  a  powder.          • 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  14. 

Poor,  g.  (poou'R';  Ns.,  peeu'R') — 
Lean,  out  of  condition — applied  to 
to  live  stock. 

Poor  man's  tea  :  see  Cat  eyes. 

Poortith,  a,  n.  (poo.rtith)  — 
Poverty. 

Love  desarvin'  o'  t'  neam, 
Through  plenty  an'  poortith  ivver  is  t' 
seam.     Richardson,  2nd.   p.  101,  line  10. 

Poot,  c,  sw.  (poot) — A  woman  or 
child  who  cries  with  little  provo- 
cation ;  a  person  whose  pluck  fails 
him  at  the  critical  moment ;  (ec.) 
a  young  chicken  (j.p.). 

— Soft,  spiritless. 

When  two  lads  fall  out  at  school,  a  third 
and  bigger  lad  holds  up  his  finger  saying 
"Let  the  cock  spit  over  my  finger";  the 
cock  does  so,  then  the  third  says  "  Say 
Boot'"  and  the  one  so  addressed  replies 
"Strike,  give  him  a  good  coof."  This  re- 
sults in  a  fight ;  he  who  is  unwilling  to 
fight  is  poot.    R.K. 

Pop,  G.  (paup) — A  dot ;  as  a  sheep 
mark  it  is  a  daub  of  paint  on 
different  parts  of  the  animal ;  a 
register  is  kept  of  such  marks. 
See  Smit. 

It  just  cuhs  teh  .  .  .  eighteen  shillin  an 

tentpence,tullapop.  Scoap.  p.  241,  line  14. 

Half-bred  Lamb,  marked  blue  pop  on  rump. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Aug.  26.    p.  4,  col.  4. 

We  smit  or  smite  the  sheep  with  peculiar 

marks  on  the  fleece,  sometimes  with  a 

bugle-horn,  or  triangle,  or  square,  or  pop. 

Rawnslky.    p.  1(37,  Mm  3. 


Poppinoddles,  c.  (paup.in  aud.ulz). 
Owernoddles,  ec— A  boyish  term 
for  a  somersault. 

"  I  is  to  tumble  poppenoddles  "...  And 
presently  the  rustic  young  gamester  is 
tossing  somersets  for  a  penny. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  300,  line  10. 

Popple,  G.  (paup.ux) — Corn-cockle 

—Jf/rostcmma  Glthago.  (EC.)  The 
poppy  (Rev.  J.  J.  Thornley).  This 
term  is  applied  to  the  seeds  of 
agricultural  weeds-  in  a  general 
sense  (w.h.). 

Posnet,  c,  sw. — A  small  brown  jug 
or  porringer. 

Many's  the  drink  o'  whiskey  I  have  had 
out  o'  that  old  posnet. 

Mayroyd.     II.     p.  71,  line  8. 

Por,  g.  (paur) — A  poker. 

She  aimt  at  Ruff  Rob,  but  the  lanleady  hat- 
Peer  Meable  was  learnt  varra  much,  ye 
tnow  ; 
The  lanlword  saw't,an  he  cleekt  up  t'  por, 
His  silly  aul  deame  to  seave. 

Anderson — Cursmess  Eve.    Stz.  6. 

Poss,  g.  (paus) — A  simple  form  of 
dolly  in  which  the  legs  are  re- 
placed by  two  transverse  cuts  at 
the  bottom  of  the  stem  where  it  is 
greatly  increased  in  its  diameter. 
"O'  in  a  poss" — saturated  with 
water. 

My  pet, 
I'll  come  agean  anudder  neet, 
My  feet  ur  possen  wet. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  67,  line  6. 

The  prints  were  delivered  to  the  drapers, 
— "  as  wet  as  poss." 

Brampton,    p.  6,  line  15. 

— To  tread  out  wet  clothes,  to  use  a 
poss. 

"She  was  possan'  blankets  in  a  tub.'' 

Posset,  G.,  not  N.,  E.  (paus.ut)— An 
infant  possets  when  it  upcasts  part 
of  its  food. 


249 


Poss-stick,  g. — The  stick  used  for 
stirring  up  clothes  in  the  boiler 
when  washing  them. 
She  laid  aside  her  poss-stick  and  rinsed 
the  suds  from  her  hands. 

Pearl  in  a  Shell,   p.  123,  line  8. 

Post,w.— Sandstone  (a  mining  term). 

R.W.M. 

Pot,  g.  (paut)  —  Crockery.  The 
sherd  or  flat  circular  stone  used  in 
the  game  of  hitchy-pot.  (c.)  Any 
bason-shaped  hollow  or  cavity.  As 
a  place-name — Lade  Pot,  Bull  Pot. 
Broken  pots  for  dublers  mensed  the  waws. 
Eelph — Haytime.   Stz.  11. 

Pot  "boilin'  day,  G. — The  day  on 
which  broth  is  made  in  the  keal 
pot— usually  Sunday  in  country 
places. 

Pot-hunter,  g. — One  who  sneaks 
with  a  grey-hound  and  gun  around 
dyke-backs,  in  the  hopes  of  getting 
a  chance  shot. 

Pot-luck,  G. — The  ordinary  fare  of 
the  family  to  which  the  chance 
comer  is  made  welcome,  as  op- 
posed to  the  more  elaborate  feast 
prepared  for  the  invited  guest. 

Strangers  calling  at  our  houses  get  ready 
welcome  to  pot  luck. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb,  14.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Invariably  presses  him  at  parting  to  tak 
pot  luck  with  them. 

Forness  Folk.   p.  66,  line  12. 

Pot  Metal:    see  Kessen-metal. 

Potter,   g.  (pautth.U'R') — A  vaga- 
bond, though  not  necessarily  with- 
out a  trade.    Cf.  Mugger. 
"He  had   seen   potters  camping  on  it." 
"You  mean  tramps  or  gipsies." 

W.C.T.  1899,  Jan.  28.  p.  3,  col.  2. 

— To  walk  about  without  an  aim  in 
view.     See  Pettle. 

"Ah've  nowt  teh   deuh  so  Ah'll  potter 
roond't  gardin  wid  ye." 

Pottle  :   see  Pettle. 


Potty,  g.  (paut.i)— A  clay  marble, 
having  a  dull  surface. 

Poultice  of  o'  maks,  Cs.,ne. — is  not 

as  its  name  seems  to  imply,  a  com- 
pound, but  a  simple  substance, 
which  it  is  unnecessary  to  indicate 
more  distinctly  than  to  mention 
that  it  was  generally  turned  to 
when  pleasanter  applications  had 
failed. 
An'  he  keep't  an  oald  pultess  of  o'  maks 

upon't. 
Till  Joe  an'  his  thumb  warn't  nice  to  cu'  nar. 
Gibson— Jos.  Thompson,    p.  138,  line  2, 
and  p.  142,  line 

Powcat,  c,  ec,  Ws.  (a,  pauw-kaat  ; 
sw.,  paaw.) — The  Stinkhorn  fun- 
gus— Phallus  impiidieus,  which  has 
an  offensive  odour,  and  "stinks 
like  a  powcat."  (nw.)  Refers  to 
tadpole,  and  several  kinds  of  fungi ; 
also  Called  Priest's  pintel.  See 
Foomart. 

Powe,  g.  (pauw)— Poll,  the  head  ; 
head  of  hair  ;  (c.)  a  sump  ;  (sw.) 
a  pole. 
"A  clwose  mouth  shews  a  wise  pow." 

Saying. 
And  youngsters  '11  stritch  their  arms — 
some  scrat  their  powe. 

Cumbrian  a.    p.  250,  line  2. 

That  she  should  have  fallen  in  love  with 

a  sandy-POWED  bumbling  fellow  like  that. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  137,  line  6. 

— e.,  ne.,  w. — To  cut  the  hair. 

At  the  barber's  for  haircutting,  we  have 
come  to  get  powd. 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  26. 

Powe-heed  :   see  Paw  heed. 
Power,  g.  (poo.u'R") — A  great  deal. 

"It's  done  him  a  power  o'  good." 
Pow'rs  o'  buttermilk ;  lumps  o'  puddin ; 
Anderson- The  Cram.   p.  60,  col.  12,  line  4. 

Powny-lugged,  c,  nc,  Ws.  (pauw.- 
ni-luogt)— Said  of  a  short-eared 
horse.     J.  ar. 

She's  a  fair   picter  !    but  just   a  wee  bit 

PONY-LUGGED.        J.   AR. 


250 


Powse,  B.  (pauwz) — A  curly  head 
of  hair.  h.t. 

— To  hit,  push  ;  in  use  about  Cald- 
beck,  Skelton  and  Hesket  New- 
Market  in  the  expression  "  Ah'll 
powse  thi'  haffets  " — I  will  hit  you 
(J.B.).     N.  (pooz)— To  pull  the  hair 

(Wm.  R.). 

Powsowdy,  G.  (pauw-sauw.di) — 
An  ale-posset ;  (c.)  same  as  Lamp- 
lugh  pudding. 

A  favourite  dish  was  powsowdy.  Ale 
warmed   in   a  kail-pot  or  set-pot  sweet- 

•  ened  and  spiced,  laced  with  rum,  toasted 
shives  of  bread  cut  into  little  pieces  and 
put  into  the  liquor,  aud  served  up  smok- 
ing in  basons.     W.C.T.X.  1892.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Hackins  and  powsowdy  fyne. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.    Stz.  15. 

Preachment,  c,  sw.,  e,  (preeach- 
mu*nt) — Preaching,  talking  ;  used 
ironically. 

An'  when  Mary  comes  wi'  her  preachment, 
I's  vex't  eneuf  sometimes  to  cry. 

Richardson.    2nd.    p.  21,  line  1. 

Preen,  c,  sw.,  e.  (preen)— To  comb 
and  dress  the  hair. 
Preeanen  hersel  afoor  t'  glass. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Apr.  12. 

Singing  and  preening  its  bright  dress. 

Fauna,    p.  144,  line  1. 

Preese,  c,  Ws.  (pr'ees.)  Priss 
(pris)  c,  sw..  e.  Pruss,  c,  sw. 
(pruos.)  Frudge,  n.  (fruoj)— 
To  press,  importune. 
"  Now  mak  free  and  help  yersels! "  "  Aa's 
warn  ye  we  need  na  preezin'." 

I  prist  her  to  wed  me. 

Gibson — Lai  Dinah.  Stz.  7. 

Theer  was  plenty  eh  room  if  that  yung 
wooman  up  i'  t'  corner  theear  wad  nobbut 
pruss  a  bit.  Scoap.   p.  15,  line  3. 

Press  bed  :   see  Box-bed. 

P rial.— Three  of  a  sort.  (Not 
known  to  correspondents). 


Prick,  b.  (prik) — A  skewer,  for 
fastening  clout,  and  string  for  ty- 
ing. 

"Sing,  sing,  what  mun  I  sing? 
Cat's  run  away  wi' t'  puddin'  pwoke  string. 
Some  gat  puddin'  and  some  gat  prick  ; 
They  warn' t'  warst  off  'at  gat  clout  to  lick." 
Nursery  Rhyme. 

Prick-a-louse,  G.— A  contemptuous 
name  for  a  tailor. 
Prickly  louse  tealeor  .  . .  sits  in  a  corner. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  16.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Pricker,  g. — A  bradawl. 

Prickers,  g.  (prik.urz)— Iron 
prongs  fixed  on  the  front  of  the 
grate  upon  which  to  toast  bread 
or  frizzle  sausages,  etc. 
An' t'  scheul  hed  a  pair  o'  common  prickers. 
Theear  was  a  law  attached  to  these 
prickers  .  .  .  Them  that  hed  rowe  beef 
hed  t'  first  caw  on  t'  prickers.  If  these 
prickers  got  brokken,  theear  was  a  gene- 
ral subscription  to  mend  them. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  L 

Prickin',  g.  (prik.in)— Short  thorn 
branches  stuck  on  the  top  of  an 
earthen  fence. 

Prickly  Dick,  g.  Pricky  back,  G. 
— The  Ten-spined  Stickleback — 
Ga&teroxtens  pnngitis.  Fauna,  p.  483. 
See  Cock  Hardy. 

Prick  madam :  see  Love  in  a 
chain. 

Prick-me-dainty,  e  :  see  Cock- 
me- dainty. 

Prickwood. — Spindle  tree — Euumj- 

■MM  Eurojnrus  (Nicholson).  Thewood 

of  this  tree  in  many  parts  of  England 
is  made  into  skewers,  but  in  Cum- 
berland the  Elder  and  Wild  Rose 
are  used  for  this  purpose. 

Pricky  board  :   see  Bare-board. 

Priest,  G. — The  clergyman  is  not 
called  the  Reverend  So-and-so,  but 
Priest  So-and-so,  and  he  is  spoken 

Of  as  the  Priest. 


251 


The  priest  was  ready  waiting. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  17. 

We  went  to  t'  priest  skeull  togidder. 

Dickinson — Eemains.    p.  204 

Prig,  G.  (prig) — To  beat  down  in 
bargaining ;  to  pilfer. 

Primp,  b.,  sw.  (primp) — To  be  a 
prude  ;  to  act  priggishly. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Print,  N.,  EC.  (print)— Print  is  very 
often  used  in  the  sense  of  taking 
possession  of  a  seat :  "  He  needn't 
print  hissel   doon  theer"  i.e.,  he 
must  be  up  and  doing.     J.s.o. 
Lasses  i'  rows  gat  printed  on  a  kist. 
Bit  lang,  I  trow  we  duddent  let  'em  sit! 
Gilpin — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger, 
p.  204,  line  2. 

Priss  :   see  Preese. 

Prize,'  g.  (pr'AAIz) — To  raise  by 
lever  power.     See  Baze. 

Ah  in  wih  t'  geaavleck  point  anunder 
t'hacks,  an  sez  ah,  "Noo  Tom,  thee  prize, 
an  ah'il  baze."  Scoap.    p.  225,  line  4. 

Prod,  G.  (pr'atjd) — A  thorn  or  splin- 
ter ;  a  goad  ;  a  poke  with  a  stick. 
Com,  Jobby,  gi'  the  fire  a  prod. 

Anderson — Happy  Family.    Stz.  1. 

Co't'   plue-hodder,   plue-co'ers  —  two  or 

three  mair, 
Wi'  speadd,  and  wi'  pettle,  and  prod. 

Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  3. 

Prod,  g.  (pr'aud).    Prowk,  c,  sw., 

N.,  N W.  (PR'AUWK.)   Pod,  C.  (PAUD) 

— To  poke  with  the  end  of  a  stick 

etc. ;  to  goad  ;  to  stir  up. 

"  Come !  down  wi'  yer  lanters !  Ruff  Robin 

wan  last" — 
"Whee  deals?" — "Prod,  shiffle,  an'  cut, 

ye  tnow." 

Anderson — Cursmess  Eve.    Stz.  3. 

Proddle,  g.  (pr'aud.U'l)— To  poke, 
stir  up ;  dabble. 

T'laal  un  was  prodlan  int'  beck.    S.D.B. 

He  wad  tak  his  wokin-stick  an  proddle 
t'  fire.  Scoap.    p.  7,  line  23. 


Prodlan,  g.  (pr'aud.lu'n)— A  small 
toddling  child. 

Toddling,  unsteady  in  walk ;  said  of 
children;  insignificant,  of  person 
or  place. 

"A  laal  prodlan  thing." 

It's  nobbut  a  prodlan  mak  of  a  spot.    J.B. 

Prog,  Proag,  c,  sw.  (pr'aug). 
Prwoag,  e.  (pr'WAUg) — Pro- 
vender to  be  eaten  in  the  field. 

Prood,  g.  (pr'OOd)  —  Luxuriant — 
applied  to  vegetation ;  also,  proud 
in  the  sense  of  being  pleased. 

"  All's  prood  teh  see  theh." 

Bein'  axt  why  they  sowed  neah  clover  or 
girse  seeds,  sed, "  Faix,  we've  neah  'cashun 
for  t'land's  nat'rally  girse  proud." 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept,  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Ah  was  prood  ta  be  a  squire's  sister. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  18,  line  1. 

Protlins  :  see  Crowkins. 

Providance,  G.  not  e.  (prauvaal- 
du'Ns) — A  providing  of  victuals, 
etc. 

Prow,  N.,  nw.  (pr-auw)  —To  sneak 
•  or  prowl  about  the  back  door  (j.hc). 
To  plough  deeply ;  was  thus  used  in 
neighbourhood  of  Long-town 

(W.H.). 

They're  howkin'  an'  drainin',  an'  prowin 
in't  land  forivver. 

Richardson.    1st.    p.  61,  line  9. 

Prowk :   see  Prod. 

Pruss :   see  Preese. 

Prut !  Prut !  g.  (pr't) — A  call  to  a 
horse  to  come. 

Pry,  c,  n.,  e.  (praai).  Blue  seg, 
Blue  girse. — Blue  grass — Carex 
ylauca,  which  is  difficult  to  cut  with 
the  scythe. 

Aw  yon  middle  part  growes  nowte  bit 
bent  an'  pry. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  17.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


252 


Pubble,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (puob.ux) — 
Plump.  Grain  well  fed  is  "Pubble 
as  a  partridge." 

At  Michaelmas  a  pubble  goose  —  at 
Kersmas  standing  pie. 

Gibson — Saying,    p.  194. 

Who  pubble  shew'd,  and  plump  was 
grown.       Clark — The  Old  Cock,    line  3. 

Pucker,  g.  (puok.u'R')  — Alarm, 
flutter. 

He  thowte  he  seed  a  woman  liggin  deead, 
which  put  him  in  a  sad  pucker. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  31,  line  11. 

Puddin'  clout,  g. — A  linen  cover 
for  dumplings,  etc.,'  whilst  being 
cooked.     Of.  Prick. 

Pudding  grass,  sw. — Pennyroyal 
— Mentha  pidegimi.  See  Easter 
mun-jiands. 

Puddin'  pwoke,  G. — Made  of  a 
"harden  bag  and  a  hempen  string," 
for  containing  herb-puddin,  pota- 
toes, etc.  during  boiling. 

Fuggy,   c,  nw.  (puog.i) — Damp, 

moist ;  as  a  puggy  hand,  a  warm, 

damp  sticky  hand.     See  Claggy. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Pull-lug  Day,  Carlisle— The  day 
on  which  the  Mayor  is  elected, 
Nov.  9th ;  tradition  holds  that  ears 
may  not  be  pulled  after  mid-day. 
The  popular  fallacy  touching  an 
interregnum  between  the  incoming 
and  outgoing  Mayor,  may  have 
given  rise  to  the  idea  that  assaults 
might  be  made  with  impunity 
during  that  period. 

Pully-lug  Friday,  c,  nw.  Nippy- 
lug  F.,  nw.  —  The  Friday  after 
Ash-Wednesday. 

Pully-lug  Friday  was  neamed  fra  t' 
barbarous  custom  o'  t'  youngsters  pullin' 
yan  anudder's  ears. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  2.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


Pult,  C.  (puolt).  Plut,  N.  (plut). 
Plowt,  n.  (plauwt)— A  big,  fat, 
lazy  woman  ;  applied  to  a  child  it  is 
a  term  of  endearment ;  (n.)  a  clumsy 
blundering  person  or  animal. 

Pummel,    g.   (puom.U'l).     Pum 
(puom)— The  bat  used  in  the  game 
of  "  spell  and  bullet." 
Those  who  the  pummel  well  can  wield, 
With  spell  and  bullet  take  the  field. 

Random  Rhymes,    p.  8,  line  4. 

— To  thrash,  strike. 

Pummer,  g.  (puom.U'r) — Anything 
large. 

He  hed  yan  'at  was  liker  a  young  horn 
nor  a  teuth  ;  it  was  what  Joe  Duggle 
wad  'a  cawd  a  pummer. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  11,  col.  1. 

Pummin',  G. — A  pummelling,  beat- 
ing. 

Punch,  G.  (puonch) — A  kick  with 
the  foot. 

A  Cumbrian  punch  is  always  a  blow  from 
a  foot,  from  behind. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.     p.  12,  col.  4. 

— To  kick  with  the  foot. 

An'  t'  laal  uns  is  waik  leukin'  things — 
I  cud  punch  them  to  bits  wid  my  clogs. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  200,  line  7. 

Pun'  o'  mair  weight,  c,  b. — A 
game  in  which  one  boy  is  laid  on 
the  ground  and  several  others  upon 
him — one  at  a  time. 

Pund  butter,  g. — Butter  made  up 
in  pounds  in  contra-distinction  to 
being  done  up  in  bulk. 

Punder,  n.,  nw.,  e.  (puon.ddhu'R') 
— To  crowd,  to  accommodate  by 
crowding. 

"  They  nivver  git  a  sidement  mead,  and 
they're  o'  punder't  up  still." 

Punstean,  g. — A  cobble  stone 
weighing  twenty-two  ounces;  this 
was  used  when  weighing  out bul  ber 
by  the  long  pound. 


253 


Purdy,  c.,Ns.,  e.  (puor'd.i)— A  short 
and  thick-set  person. 

A  laal  purdy  fellow  nit  ower  five  feutt 
sebbm.  Scoap.    p.  234,  line  25. 

Purls,  b.,  sw.  (pur'ls).  Parties, 
nw.  —  Dried  cowdung  used  for 
lighting  tires.     See  Parties. 

Purlsom,  sw.  (puorl.su'm) — Hard, 
severe,  trying,     r.k. 

She's  had  a  purlsom  back-end.      R.K. 

Purn,  nw.  (puor'n) — A  core  or 
cylinder  of  wood,  round  which  the 
weft  was  wound  from  the  swifts ; 
this  placed  in  the  shuttle  was 
thrown  backwards  and  forwards 
between  the  warps.  It  was  some- 
times called  a  bobbin,  but  a  bobbin 
was  the  core  round  which  the 
warp  was  wound,  and  from  which 
it  was  unwound  on  to  the  beam 
for  the  hand-loom  weaver.  Not 
heard  s.  of  Carlisle. 
She  pretens  to  win  purns. 
Anderson — King  o'  Kingwatter.    Stz.  5. 

Pursy,   G.   (puor'.si)  —  Broken- 
winded  ;  asthmatic. 
It  dud  snurt  an  puff,  war  ner  enny  oald 
pursy  horse.  Scoap.    p.  16,  line  16. 

Push,  plu' — A  plough  which  was 
used  by  being  pushed  by  the  hand. 
It  was  generally  used  for  taking 
off  the  surface  or  top  sod  from 
turf,  and  this  top  sod  was  used  to 
bank  up  the  surface  of  turf  fires. 
Ellwood. 

Puss,  g.  (puos).  Katie,  sw. — A 
hare,  but  used  only  in  the  singular 
number ;  Katie  is  also  a  nick-name 
for  hare. 

But  did  ye  kill  the  hares  ? 

Aye,  that  we  dud, 

It  wadn't  been  sea  hard  to've  spar'd  a 

puss.        Graham— Gwordy.    lines  30,  38. 

Put,  G.  (ptjot) — A  game  of  cards. 
Ah'll  play  t'  fella  a  ghem  at  Putt. 

Scoap.    p.  27,  line  10. 

— C  — To  butt  with  the  head. 


Put  doon,  G. — To  kill,  especially 
with  reference  to  an  old  and  favour- 
ite animal. 

A  dog  that  shows  signs  of  worrying  is 
put  down  at  once. 

Rawnsley.    p.  173,  line  5. 

Put  on,  G. — Hurry  on;  go  quick;  to 
tease,  to  take  advantage  of. 
T"  oald  man  hed  puttan  on  gaily  fast  an 
left  t'  lad  behint  em.      Scoap.    p.  8,  line  9. 

T  girt  injin  screamt,  an  off  we  pot. 

Scoap.    p.  16,  line  17. 

Put  oot,  g.     Pit  oot,  n. — Ashamed, 
troubled,  extinguished. 
Fayther  gave  me  the  goon,  and  he'd  be 
put  out  if  I  didn't  wear't. 

Pearl  in  Shell,    p.  57,  line  13. 

— To  shout  aloud. 

With  reference  to  a  new  clerk  in  the  parish 
church,  it  was  reported  that  he  would  do 
well,  for  he  could  "pit  oot  the  Aniens 
bravely." 

Ah've  hard  them  (actors)  shoot  oot  "Me 
neaam's  Norval "  —  an  than  put  oot  a 
horse,  a  horse !  me  kingdom  for  a  seckint 
Daniel!"  Scoap.    p.  184,  line  8. 

Put  on,  g— Clothed. 

He's  nobbut  varra  badly  put-on  aboot 
V  feet.  Pen.  Obs.    Ap.  12. 

Put  past :   see  Past. 

Puttin'  on,  g. — A  temporary  substi- 
tute. 

Puttin'  through,  G. — A  severe  ex- 
amination ;  a  severe  scolding ;  a 
righting  up. 

Put  to,  g. — To  yoke ;  this  is  frequent- 
ly shortened  to  to  thus  :  "f  horses 
is  to,"  meaning  that  the  carriage 
is  ready. 

Put   tul't,  G. — Obliged  to  use  ex- 
pedients ;  to  find  great  difficulty. 
"He's  gaily  sare  putten  tul't  to  git  a 
leevin." 

Putty  cow  :  see  Dumpy  cow. 


254 


Pwoke  mittens,  G. — Gloves  knit 
without  the  fingers  being  divided. 
See  Mittens. 

And  now  for  pwoke-mittens  on  dinnellan 
hands, 
And  dykin'  mittens  and  swatch. 

Cumbriana.    p.  243,  line  8. 

Pwoke  shakkins, G— The  youngest 
child. 

Pwok't,  g.  (pwaukt)— Sheep  tainted 
with  rot  or  consumption  often  ex- 
hibit the  symptoms  of  a  poke  or 
bag  under  the  jaws. 

Pyet,  g.  (paai  ut).  Jay  pyet,  sw. 
Polly,  sw.  —  The  magpie — Pica 
rustier. 

Ah  couldn't  larn  a  pyet  in  less  ner  a  week 
teh  toke  plainer  Inglish. 

Scoap.    p.  37,  line  10. 


Q 

Quarry  breest :   see  Breest. 

Quartern,  g.  (kwaa.rttj'Rn) — A 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  flax  ready 
for  being  spun. 

Queen-cat,  e.,ne.  (kween-kaat) — 
A  female  cat. 

Queerly,  g.  (kwee.r'li)— Odd. 
"  A  rayder  queerly  swort  of  a  chap." 

It  wod  ha'  been  a  queerly  woman  body 
'at  wod  ha'  teean  a  fancy  till  Johnathan. 
Gibson— Betty  Yewdale.    p.  74,  line  4. 

Quern,  g.  (kwuor'n).  Kern 
(kuor  n)  —To  shout  a  quern.  The 
shout  of  rejoicing  or  thankfulness 
raised  in  the  field  when  the  last 
of  the  crop  is  cut. 

Quest,  g.  not  e.  (kwest).  Quest- 
ing.— The  early  morning  search 
for  the  hare  with  hounds. 


Our  meets  used  to  be  fixed  early  that  we 
might  have  the  pleasure  of  the  quest. 

J.  Ar. 

After  some  questing  puss  was  found. 

C.  Jr.    1898,  Oct.  14. 

The  docker's  quest. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  May  26.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

— To  seek  for ;  to  lay  hounds  on  the 
scent  of  hare,  etc.     See  Seat. 
"  Jwon  Peel  questit  a  hare  up  Skiddaw 
side  and  pot  her  off  beside  t'  man." 

"  Oh  where  have  they  taken  him  ?  "     I 
questit  them  up  the  stairs." 

Son  of  Hagar.    III.    p.  10,  line  5. 

Quey :   see  Why. 

Quilt :   see  Twilt. 

Quit,  g.  (kwit)  —  Rid  of,  free;  a 
Cumberland  servant,  when  he  has 
left  his  situation,  says  he  is  quit 

(Ferguson,    p.  191). 


R 

Raak  :   see  Roke. 

Rabbet:   see  Plate. 

Rabble,  c.  (r'aab.U'l) — To  speak 
confusedly  ;  to  make  a  noise  like 
a  rivulet  running  over  stones.  To 
move  with  noise  as  a  small  stream. 
A  mistak' still  grows,  as  it  rabbles  alang. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  219. 

Rabblement,  c,  e.,  sw.  (raab.- 
U'LMU'Nt)  —  The  dregs  of  people, 
a  mob. 

Sooa   when  ah   hard  that  ah   follo't  t' 
rabblement.  Scoap.    p.  127,  line  1. 

Rack,  G.  (raak)— A  rut  in  a  road, 
or  track  of  wheels  ;  a  rude  narrow 
path. 

Rack  and  manger,  G.,  not  N. 

"He's   at  rack  and  manger  now" — on 
plenty. 


255 


Rack-hurry,  w.  (raak.uor'.i)— A 
BLiNND-screen  formerly  used  on  the 
docks  at  Whitehaven  used  to 
separate  the  small  from  the  round 
coal ;  it  was  a  rack  formed  of  iron 
bars  fixed  in  the  shoot  or  hurry, 
which  allowed  the  small  coal  (nuts 
and  slack)  to  drop  through,  whilst 
the  round  passed  on  and  was  de- 
livered into  the  ships  lying  at  the 
end  of  the  hurry.  This  is  now  re- 
placed by  a  table  and  jigger.  The 
hurry  was  blinnded  by  letting  down 
a  stop  which  prevented  the  round 
coals  from  passing  out  at  the  end. 
In  the  iron  mines  the  name  is  ap- 
plied to  a  hurry  which  lets  the 
metal  down  from  one  level  to 
another  more  convenient  where 
the  dirt  is  separated  from  the  ore. 

A.T.M. 

Gat  to  Whitehebben,  a  girt  sea-side  town, 

whare  sea-nags  eats  cwoals  out  o'  rack- 

hurrys. 

Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,  p.  125,  line  1. 

Rackle,    G.  (r'AAK.itl) — Heedless, 
rash.     Rackle   deed   is   disorderly 
conduct. 
What  the  hangment's  thoo  duen  here,  thoo 

.     young  RACKLEpate? 

W.C.T.X.  (Supplt.)     1895.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Now  this  ye'll  say,  was  rackle  deed, 
They'd  been  as  weel  without  it. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  88. 

Wi'  rackle  scampers  we  kelever'd  round. 

Gilpin — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger. 

p.  205,  line  1. 

Rackle  o'  beans,  g.  (r'aaku'l  u' 

biaans)— A  thin  emaciated  person. 

Nut  at  ah  mean  teh  strike  at  theh  or  lift  a 

hand  at  sec  a  rackle  eh  beaans  as  thoo  is. 

Scoap.    p.  123,  line  17. 

Raff,   g.  (r'aaf)— An  idle  fellow ; 

refuse  ;  foolishness. 

0,  the  fule  rackle  days !  when  in  wild  out- 
wart  ways, 

I  spent  time  but  i'  daftness,  wi'  raff  an' 
expense.  Echoes,    p.  149,  line  1. 


Raffish,  g.  (raaf.ish.)  Raffy,  n., 
k— Of  idle  habits. 

When  ye  hear  anybody  sayen  'at  seea  an' 
seea's  turned  raffy  luik  an'  see  if  they 
laugh.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Ap.  12. 

A  raffish  looking  set. 

Echoes,    p.  124,  line  7. 

Raft,  c,  sw.  (raaft).     Lafter,  n, 
nw.  (laaftth.U'r) — A  large  con- 
course ;  a  quantity. 
"A  raft  o'  fwok." 

He  browt  seek  a  raft  o'  hay. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Ap.  12. 

Rag,  g.  not  e.  (r'AAg).  Rime,  g. 
(raaim) — Hoar  frost. 

A  raggy  April  and  a  groo  May 
Gars  eydent  farmers  ettle  out  their  hay. 

Saying. 

Theer  wur  quite  a  rag  on  t'  tiles  this 
mwornin'.  W.C.T.  1898,  Sept.  24.  p.  5,  col.  1. 

Rag,  G. — To  rate,  scold,  reproach ; 
to  violently  and  vulgarly  abuse. 
To  set  (of  fruit). 

An  weel  he  gat  raggt  for't  amang  his  yalla 
cronies  afooar  t'day  was  oot. 

Scoap.     p.  150,  line  6. 

Raggabrash,  g.  (raag.U'BR'Aash) 
Low  people ;  vagabonds. 
Beaath  t'  capten  an  his  crew  was  a  par- 
lish  raggabrash  set.    Scoap.  p.  121,  line  7. 

A  rabble-rout  of  half-tipsy  men  and  not 
too  modest  women — "RAGABRASHo'baith 
maks,"  the  people  said. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    IE.    p.  290,  line  3. 

Raggelt :   see  Taggelt. 

Ragging  time,  G. — The  period  of 
time  during  which  the  fruit-blos- 
soms are  setting.    J.  Ar. 

Raggy  rrwos'd,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (raag.i 
nwaust) — A  sheep  having  a  grey 
face  and  a  lighter  shade  of  muzzle 
resembling  hoar  frost.  These  are 
favourite  marks  on  the  Herdwick 
breed  of  the  county. 

Raid,  n. — A  hostile  incursion  of  the 
Borderers. 


256 


Rain  knots,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (r'aen 
nauts) — Warbles,  a  skin  disease 
characterized  by  the  presence  of 
small  hard  lumps  beneath  the  skin,, 
specially  on  the  withers,  and  at 
the  root  of  the  tail  and  mane  of 
horses  in  poor  condition,  and  who 
have  been  lying  out. 

Rainy  clock,  c.  wc.  (r'ae.ni). 
Wedder  clock.— Near  Carlisle  and 
Broughton  this  is  used  for  the 
Lady-bird  —  Coocinella  aeptempuno- 

tnta,  whilst  in  sw.  it  evidently  re- 
fers to  one  of  the  Oniscidce,  and 
in  the  Lorton  district  Carabut  gp. 
Superstitiously  supposed  to  prog- 
nosticate wet  weather;  there  is 
no  doubt  that  many  other ' '  beetles" 
are  called  by  the  above  name,  but 
I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain 
which  they  are.  See  "Wedder  c. 
If  a  rainy  CLOCKERleet  onyehas  ye'rgaan 
oot,  yeh  '11  hev  a  weet  skin  afwore  neet. 

G.D. 

Raise,  a,  sw.,  e.  (r'aez) — A  cairn 
or  pile  of  stones.     In- place-names 
— High  Raise,  Blakeley  Raise. 
Dunmail   Raise  is   t'   biggest  cairn  i'  t' 
country.  Gibson — Bannasyde.  p.67,line9. 

— c,  Es. — To  vex,  excite. 

Raiser,  c.  (r'AE.zu'R') — An  addi- 
tion to  a  beehive  put  in  beneath. 
See  Eek. 

Rake,  c,  sw.,  e.  (riaak;  raek). 
Reak,  n.  (riek) — A  journey  ;  a 
mountain  track  across  a  steep  ; 
the  narrow  path  along  which  sheep 
are  driven  to  the  fell.  (C.)  The  track 
of  gusts  of  wind  passing  over  the 
waters  of  Thirlmere,  indicated  by 
lines  of  white  foam.  Often  noticed 
previous  to  a  storm.  See  Oot- 
rake. 

"He's  tean  a  rake  ower  to  Kendal." 
It  is  also  applied  to  the  scene  of  an  ex- 
cursion ;   hence  the  name  of  the  "  Lady's 
Rake,"  a  hollow  in  the  summit  of  Wallow 


Crag.  The  word  is  most  generally  ap- 
plied to  a  journey  to  and  fro  with  a 
horse  and  cart.  Thus  the  man  leading 
coals  to  any  place  would  say  that  he 
could  make  so  many  rakes  in  a  day. 

Ferguson,    p.  192. 

Crested  billows  and  flying  foam  and  long 
white  rakes.      Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  130. 

— To  follow  in  a  line  as  sheep  do  ; 
to  stray  as  cattle  in  search  of  food ; 
wander  far  and  wildly. 
They  ga  rakin  aboot  widoot  ayder  errand 
or  aim.  Gibson,    p.  194. 

We've  summat  else  to  deu  nor  to  ga 
rakin  ower  t'  fells. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  1. 

Rakkeps :   see  Rumps. 

Ram,  g.  (raam)— To  rush,  use 
force  ;  to  butt ;  (c.)  said  when  ewes 
are  coming  into  season. 

"  Ram  at  it." 

When  t'  crush  gat  by,  an'  ram't  in  till  t' 
circus  at  last.   Betty  Wilson,  p.  12,  line  14. 

Sae  ramm'd  away  to  Richard  Rigg's, 
And  like  mad  owsen  enter'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  40. 

— Having  a  fetid  odour. 

"  As  ram  as  a  fox." 

Rambling  Sailor,  Mother  of 
Thousands.  "Wandering  Sailor, 

G. — Ivy-leaved  Toadflax — Lino  via 
cijmhnhi  via . 

Ramman,  Rammer,  g.  (raam.an) 
— A  ramman  girt  an' — a  very  large 
one. 

"  It  is  a  RAMMER." 

The  clock  knock'd  the  girt  rammin  keale 
pot  about. 

Pen.  Obs.    1887,  Mar.  29.    p.  0,  col.  1. 

Rammel  sleat,  c.  (raam.U'L 
sliaat)— A  very  coarse  kind  of 
slate. 

A  laal  low  house,  wid  a  rammel-flag 
flooar,  or  mebbe  cobbles  or  clay. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  18,  col.  1. 


257 


Rammish,  g.  (raam.ish)— Violent, 
untamed. 

Young  Martha  Todd  was  haister't  sair 
By  rammish  Wully  Barr'as. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  37. 

Ramp,  G.  (r'Xamp)— A  sprain  or 

twist. 

Oft  wittingly  I  stummerd,  oft  I  fell, 
Pretendin  some  unlucky  wramp  or  strean. 
Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  17. 

— To  sprain. 

"  He  ramp't  his  feut  at  t'  feut-bo'  laik." 
Mary  fell  and  ramp't  her  ankle  to-day. 

J.H. 

Rampage,  G.  (r'Aampae.j) —  Dis- 
turbance, riotous  conduct ;  to  be 
on  the  rampage,  is  to  be  disorderly, 
riotous. 

I  cou'd  tell  ye  some  o'  the'r  neames  'at 
tuk  part  i'  t'  rampage. 

T"  Invasion,  p.  7,  line  11. 
A  TRAMP  ON  THE  rampage  AT  WIG- 
TON.  An  old  tramp  was  charged  with 
having  been  drunk  and  disorderly. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  May  25.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

— To  be  disorderly. 

Rampagious,    g.  (raampae.ju's). 
Rampaging.  —  Furious,  boister- 
ous. 
Durt  be  seea  rampadjus. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  April  12. 

Ramps,  g.(r'aamps) — Broad-leaved 
garlic — Allium  ur  sin  am.  Cows  occa- 
sionally eat  of  this  plant  and  their 
milk  acquires  an  oniony  flavour. 
Mountain  streams  set  in  a  broad  margin 
of  wild  garlic — ramps,  as  it  is  called  here. 
Lake  Country,    p.  7,  line  12. 

Ramshackle,  g.  (r'aam.shaak.tj'l) 
— Loose,  out  of  repair ;  rude  and 
vulgar.  An  old  writer  says  of  the 
Bworder  (horse)  Cowpers  (to  use 
their  own  words)  their  manners 
are  more  ramshackle  than  the  rest 
of  the  Cumbrians.  See  Shaktly. 
En'  oald  ramshackle  cab,  wid  a  bit  oil 
lamp  hung  up  to  show  leet. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  1.    p.  6,  col.  3. 
•R 


Randi't,  g.  (r'aand.it) — Streaked. 
This   term   is   applied    to    butter 
when  of  two  colours. 
Jwonn  Heyne  set  off  to  Worton  Rigg, 
A  randy'd  cowey  seekin' ; 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  41. 

Randy,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (r'aand.i). 
Randwhang,  b.,  sw. — A  terma- 
gant. 

0  wad  some  sen'  the  filth  to  jail, 
And  o'  the  randy  clear  the  town. 

Rayson — Randy  Mally.    Stz.  4. 

Randy,   to   be   on  the  — :    c,  E., 

nw.  (r'aand.i) — Spending  time  in 
debauchery. 

Old  Tommy  has  been  on  t'  gaff — Tommy's 
on  the  randy.     W.C.T.H.   1893.   p. 6,  col. 2. 

Range,  c,  b.  (r'aenj) — To  exercise 
a  young  horse  in  a  ring. 

Rank,  g.  (r'Xank) — Close  together, 
numerous. 
"  As  rank  as  mice  in  a  meal  kist." 

T'  rims  o'  them  was  oa  stuck  ower  wih 
mooldit  cannels  as  rank  as  they  could 
stick.  Scoap.     p.  125,  line  8. 

You  are  now  on  "  Moses'  Trod  " — where 
the  sheep  are  rank  on  the  fell  sides. 

Lake  Country,    p.  200,  line  10. 

Ranlin  staps,  c,  Ws.  (r'aan.lu'n 
staaps) — Four  iron  loops,  one  on 
each  corner  of  agricultural  carts 
to  fasten  ropes  to,  when  loading 
corn  or  hay.  j.s.e. 
Swang  t'  girt  tail  on't,  an'  skew't  sell  on't 
about  till  it  brak  t'  ranlin  staps  an  splat 
yan  o'  t'  car  stangs. 

Cumbriana.    p.  262,  line  4. 

Rannel,  g.  (raan.u'l) — To  punish 
anyone  for  an  indelicate  though 
harmless  offence ;  the  offender  is 
seized  by  the  ear  or  by  the  back 
hair,  whilst  the  following  is  re- 
peated : 
"  Rannel  me  !  Rannel  me  !    Grey  goose 

egg,  Let  every  man  lift  up  a  leg  ; 
By  the  hee,  by  the  low,  By  the  buttocks 

of  a  crow  ;  Fish,  cock  or  hen  ?  " 


258 


If  the  person  rannelled  answered  "Hen," 
his  tormentors  replied  "  Rannel  him 
agean "  and  repeated  the  rhyme.  If 
"cock"  was  the  reply  then  the  other  said 
"  Hit  him  a  good  knock  "  and  did  so.  If 
"  Fish  "  was  the  answer,  the  others  said 
"  Spit  in  his  face." 

Another  version  of  the  rhyme  is : 
"  Rannel  meh  !    Rannel  meh  !    Barley 

bum ;  Rannel  them  that  doesn't  come ; 
By  the  hee  by  the  low,  By  the  buttocks 

of  a  crow, 

Whustle  Jack  an'  Ah'll  let  thee  go." 

The  last  line  is  sometimes  replaced 

by: 

"  Whether  willta  hev,  twistam  or  lanty- 

pie  ?  " 

Twistam  meant  having  the  hair  pulled 

and  Lanty-pie  having  the  ears  and  hair 

pulled.      R.K. 

Rannel  tree,  c,  e.,  sw.  (r'aan.itl). 
Rannel  boke,  c,  n.,  e.,  fw. 
(bwauk).  Gaily  boke,  n.,  e., 
sw.  (gaal.i).     Chimla  boke,  c, 

N.,   NW,   B.,    E.    (CHIM.U'LU')  —  The 

beam  on  which  the  chimney  crook 
is  hung.  A  beam  stretching  from 
the  "hallan"  to  the  opposite  wall 
of  the  earth  fireplace.  On  this 
beam  a  slanting  wall  was  built, 
forming  the  large  open  flue  for  the 
"  reek  "  to  pass  up  ;  the  inner  side 
of  the  wall  being  the  chimla  breest, 
and  that  part  upstairs  the  chimla 
back.  On  the  breast,  the  drying 
leg  of  beef  was  hung,  with  saus- 
ages and  black  puddings ;  and  for 
a  time  the  "  flicks  "of  bacon.  The 
hams  were  hung  higher  up  for  the 
benefit  of  being  "  reeked." 

T  rattans  ran  on  t'  rannel  tree. 

Old  Sono. 

A  rannel  boak  t*  wide  chimley  cross't ; 
An  frae  't  a  chain  some  three  yards 
lang. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  57,  line  9. 


Rannigal,  g.  not  sw.  (r'aan.igux) 
— A  masterful  person  or  animal. 
Ah  wad  seunner,  sistah,  see  t'  clock  gah 
t'  wrang  way  aboot  fra  Leaady-day  teh 
Lammas  ner  ah'd  vwot  fer  enny  sec 
rannegal.  Scoap.    p.  150,  line  21. 

Rantipow,  nw.  (r'aant.i-pauw)— 
A  termagant. 

An'  thus  the  rantipow  began — 
"  Thou  nasty  guid-for-neathing  dog  ! " 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,   p.  177,  line  18. 

Ranty,  g.  not  sw.  (r'aan.ti).  Rant- 
ing (r' a an.tu'n)— Riotous,  in  high 
spirits ;  in  a  towering  passion, 
sensually  excited. 
Fairly  dreav  me  rantin'  mad,  an'  I  dud 
mak  a  brust. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  10,  line  12. 

Play  up,  auld  chiell,  a  rantin'  reel. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  13. 

Dost  thee  mind  wife,  when  that  ranty 
lile  donnet  Mather  gripped  at  it  sae  hard 
an'  fast  ?    Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  307,  line  6. 

Rap.     Obs. — To  seize. 

To  rap  and  reeve,  oft  flew  to  arms. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  4. 

Rap  ho'penny,  c.  (r'aap  au.pni) — 
A  halfpenny  worn  smooth;  a 
counterfeit. 

As  fer  t'  stays,  they  warn't  worth  t'  toss 
UpofaRAP-HOPENNY.     Scoap.   p.218,  line  14. 

Rap  on  t'  knuckles,  g.  (u'T  nauk.- 
U'lz) — To  snub,  to  control  sharply. 

Rap  oot,  G. — To  speak  with  rapidity. 
"  He  rap't  out  his  ugly  woaths  as  fast 
as  hen  could  pick." 

Rappak,  c,  sw.  (raap.U'k)— A  pet 
name  for  an  unruly  child. 
He  (the  dog)  duz  lurry  them  rappivks 
at  cuh  creepan  aboot  t'  back  dooar. 

Scoap.    p.  144,  hue  l<\ 

Rapscallion,  g.  (r'aapskaal.iu'n) 
— A  worthless,  ill-mannered  fellow. 
The  twee  feghtin  rapscallions  wer  lug't 
off  to  my  lword  mayor's  offish. 
Anderson — Carel  Fair.   p.  47,  col.  1,  line  31. 


259 


Rap't,  c,  E.  (kaapt) — A  ragged 
sheep  is  rap't. 

Rash,  G.  (r'aash) — Brisk,  hearty. 
I've  buriet  three  weyves,  an  mun  suin 
hev  anudder, 
I'se  queyte  young  an  rash — eighty- 
five  ; 
Anderson — Twee  Auld  Men.    Stz.  7. 

Rashly,  g. — Hastily,  when  speed  is 
required.     Obsolesc. 
Rashly  they  scale  the  scatteran  swathe. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  17. 

Rashstand,  c,  nw.  Resh,  nw. — 
The  iron  stand  used  for  support- 
ing rush  lights.     Ellwood. 

Rasp,  G.  (r'aasp).  Hineberry,  n. 
(haei.nberm)  —  The  raspberry  — 
lluhus  ideem.     See  Hineberries. 

Ratch,  g.  (raach) — A  white  streak 
down  the  face  of  a  horse ;  (e.)  a 
romping  mischievous  person.  A 
thievish  greedy  animal,  generally 
applied  to  an  old  sow  which  is 
spoken  of  as  "  the  ole  ratch  " 

(Ellwood). 

— To  ramble,  to  ransack  vigorously ; 
to  sneak  about. 
"  Ratchan'  about  like  a  hungry  hound." 

A  welcome  teh  oa  cummers  efter  ther 
day's  ratchin  eh  t'  fells. 

Scoap.    p.  158,  line  25. 

Huntin's  nobbut  a  ratchan  kind  of  busi- 
ness, and  it  taks  o'  t'  meat  out  of  a  body's 
belly.  Cumbriana.    p.  289,  line  6. 

Rate,  g.  (r'AEt)— To  whiten  by 
bleaching  on  the  grass ;  to  become 
rotten. 

When  hay  is  exposed  to  bad  weather  and 
gets  whitened  or  bleached  at  the  top  we 
say  it  is  rated,  and  when  it  lies  till  it 
grows  yellow  next  to  the  ground  we  say 

it  is  DWALLOWED.      J.H. 

Rats,  c,  nc,  e.,  w.  (r'aats).  Rates, 
N.  (r'AETs) — Warts ;  supposed  of  a 
certainty  to  break  out  upon  the 

R2 


hands  should  they  be  washed  in 
water  wherein  eggs  have  been 
boiled  (J.  ar.). 

Rattan,  g.  (r'aat.U'n) — A  rat. 

In  his  oan  mind  some  plan  on  he'd  hit, 
'Atheo'  thatRATTEN-trap  oot  on  could  git. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  90,  line  2. 

The  lady  wanted  him  to  put  his  hands  in 
some  boxes,  and  "  catch  rattans." 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  3. 

Rattan  tails,  g.  (r'aat.U'n  taelz) 
— The  seed  stems  of  the  Greater 
Plantain — Plantago  major. 

Rattle  car  :   see  Brattle  can. 

Rattler,  w.— A  kind  of  coal,  of 
which  sometimes  the  seams  are 
so  full  that  they  receive  the  name 
Rattler  band.  It  is  hard,  compact, 
uniform,  bright,brittle,  fine-grained, 
slightly  sonorous  when  struck,  re- 
sembling jet  but  not  so  brilliant, 
and  when  burnt  leaves  39  to  56 
per  cent,  of  ash  (w.w.f.).  It  gener- 
ally lies  on  the  top  of  the  seams. 
The  celebrated  rattler  .  .  .  commanded 
such  a  high  price  per  ton  for  gas-produc- 
ing. This  rattler  could  be  lighted  with 
a  match.     W.C.T.  1899,  Mar.  25.  p.  2,  col.  8. 

Raup,  n.  (rauwp) — An  auction. 

Ellwood. 

Rawwl,    c,  e.   (r'aawu'l)  —  To 
grumble,  to  be  quarrelsome. 
Gudman  steud  wrauwlan  at  her  lug, 
An'  coa't  her  many  a  garrick. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.     Stz.  20. 

Rax,  g.  (r'aaks) — To  stretch,  (sw.) 
To  yawn. 

He  rax't  oot  his  arm  and  theer  was  nae 
mair  on't — thus  the  quarrel  ended.    J.H. 

Ooar  narves 'raxed — ooar  brain  is  reelin' 
lika  a  casselly. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  29.  line  1. 
All's  rax'd  wi'  pain.        Pen.  Obs.   Ap.  12. 


260 


Rayder,  c,  Ws,  e.  (r'AE.ddhu'R'). 
Rayther,  N.f  sw.  (r'AE.dhitr') 
Rayderly. — Rather;  very— ironi- 
cal. 

"Rayder  o'  t'  wettest" — very  wet. 

He  rayder  turn't  his  feace  to  t'ya  side. 
Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,    p.  1,  line  16. 

I  wos  rayderly  capt  wi'  that  trick. 

Forness  Folk     p.  35,  line  2. 

Reach,  EC.  (r'eech)— The  natural 
division  into  open  parts  of  Uls- 
water  and  other  lakes  are  called 
reaches. 

Reach  back,  g. — To  hand  back  to 
a  person. 

I  tuik  it  up  an  (what  gangs  pleaguyhard) 
Een  reached  it  back  without  the  sweet 
reward. 

Relph — Harvest  Time,    line  47. 

Reach  teah,  G. — A  common  ex- 
pression of  welcome  at  the  table, 
signifying  "  help  yourself,"  or  reach 
to  and  take. 

Now  do  as  the  missus  bids  you,  and  reach 
to.  Your  father's  son'll  he  always  wel- 
come at  my  table. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  25,  line  4. 

Read,  c,  sw.  (riaad  ;  ried) — A 
spawn  bed. 

If  the  trout  are  in  low  water  the  redds 
will  be  in  the  deeper  parts. 

W.C.T.    1898,  May  7.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Reader,  g.  (r'EE.ddhu'R') — The  un- 
ordained  clerical  substitute,  whose 
office  ceased  about  1740.  He  was 
often  a  small  trader  or  artizan. 

Reak  t'  fire,  G.  (r'iAak  T'  faair'). 
Hap  t'  fire. — To  cover  up  the  fire 
with  coals  at  night,  so  that  it  shall 
be  burning  in  the  morning. 
The  fires  were  raked  at  night,  and  some 
are  known  never  to  have  been  extin- 
guished for  a  century. 

Nature,    p.  52,  line  7. 

Reak  steel,  c,  sw.,  e.  (riaak 
steel).  Rake  shank,  n,  e.  (riek 
shaank)— The  handle  of  a  rake. 


Ream,  c,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (r'iaam)— To 
roam  ;  (e.,  nw.)  to  talk  wildly. 
Thoo  reams  and  talks.      H.T. 

Reame,  c.,nw.(riaem) — To  attempt 
to  get  anything  greedily ;  to  covet. 
He's  olas  reamman  efter  mair  land.    J.H. 

Rean  :   see  Rig  and  rean. 

Rear,  c,  Es.  (R'aer) — Underdone, 
nearly  raw. 
"  Will  ta  hev  ootside  or  rear  ?  "  J.  Hodgson. 

Rear,  g.,  not  sw.  (r'EEU'R') — To  rise, 
raise,  bring  up  :   gibe,  scold. 
His  wife  will  rear,  that  is,  call  or  scold 
her    worse  half  "a   nasty   drunken   old 
swine."  W.C.T.H.     1893.     p.  6,  col.  2. 

Her  husband  was  sober.   He  was  rearing 
a  bit.       C.  Patr.   1896,  Jan.  3.   p.  7,  col.  5. 

Reave,  g.  (rtaav) — To  roam  about 
in  a  hurry  or  in  a  state  of  great 
energy.     See  preface. 

For  theivin'  an'  reavin'  'twas  war  nor  a 
fox.        Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.  Stz.  2. 

Reavvel,  c,  sw.  (r'iaav.ux)  Ryle, 
n.  (raeil) — To  use  loose  talk  in  a 
quick  manner ;  to  utter  untruths ; 
to  entangle  ;  to  unravel  the  loops 
of  knitting. 

He  gat  to  t'  public  hoose,  an'  intul   his 
reavellin'  ways. 

Richardson.    2nd.    p.  73,  line  8. 

"  He  reyled  the  clew  " — said  of  one  who 
has  failed  in  business  or  money  matters. 

Reck  hen,   EC. — Formerly  a  tithe 

was  paid  on  the  poultry-yard,  and 

this  was  called  a  tithe-  or  Reck  hen. 

Pen.  Obs.  1898,  Feb.  1.   p.  6,  col.  4. 

Recklin',G.  (rek.lin)— The  smallest 
of  a  litter. 

All  the  helpless  little  lambs',  and  wreck- 
lings'  overthrow. 

Echoes.     The  Heaf.    Stz.  9: 

Redd  up,  g.  (red  uop)— To  tidy  up, 
to  put  away. 

Taking  a  little  handbrush,  set  herself  to- 
redd  up  the  hearth. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  70,  line  7, 


261 


Redshanks,  g.  (r'eed  shaanks)— 
The  spotted  Persicaria— Polygonum 
Perslcarhi. 
Often  associated  with  redshanks. 

Flora,     p.  264. 

Ree,  G.  (r'Ee) — To  riddle  corn  in  a 
ree-an  sieve  in  a  peculiar  manner, 
so  that  the  chaff  collects  at  the 
centre,  whilst  the  dirt  and  small 
weed-seed  fall  through.  Winnow- 
ing machines  have  superseded  this 
operation.  See  Heck. 
Fwok  ree's  a  lock  wheat  in  a  sieve,  if 

they  hev't, 
And  that  was  their  deetin'  machine. 

Cumbriana.    p.  25£,  line  13. 

Reed,  c, Ws.,e.,ec.(reed).  Reeden, 
NE.  (RID.!!'!*).  Rid,  N.  (rid)— 
To  strip.  Butchers  reed  the  entrails 
of  slaughtered  animals  to  obtain 
the  fat. 

Reeden  t'  puddins  is  proper. 

Pen.  Obs.     1898,  May  24. 

Reedent,  c,  sw.,  nc.  (ree.du'nt)— 
Irritable,  red-faced. 
From  his  notorious  habit  of  speaking  in  a 
bitter,  ill-natured  style,  was  known  by  the 
sobriquet  of  Reeden't. 

Cumbriana.     p.  41,  line  2. 

T'aad  fella  sed  shewos  olasterbleREEDAN, 
he  let  her  knag  away. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  9. 

Reedins,  G.  (ree.du'Nz) — The  en- 
trails. 

Reed  row,  g.  (reed  r'AUw)— When 
barley  approaches  to  ripeness  the 
grains  are  streaked  with  red,  and 
are  then  said  to  be  in  the  reed 
row,  but  not  ripe  enough  to  be  cut. 
(b.)  Red  raw,  applied  to  a  sore 
before  it  begins  to  heal. 

T'  collar  hed  mead  its  shoodur  reed  row. 
(S.D.B.) 

Reek  :   see  Smeuk  in  Preface. 

Reeler,  c,  b.  (ree.lu'r)— A  slender 
iron  pin  (often  with  a  brass  head) 
on  which  the  bobbin  was  placed 


when  the  spun  thread  was  wound 
off.  Also  one  who  reels  off  from 
bobbin  to  reel  (h.t.). 

Reep,  c.,ne.  (reep).  Rep,  e.  (r'ep) 
— A  mark  on  a  plank  for  a  saw  to 
follow. 

Reep  o'  cworn,   g. — A  bundle  of 
corn  in  the  straw. 
I  cannot  git  my  meer  at  heamm, 
I  cannot  git  my  meer  at  heamm, 
Tak  a  reap  o'  cworn  wi'  ye 
An' wile  her  heamm,  an' wile  her  heamm. 
Old  Song. 

A  nice  reap  o'  cwoarn  was  selected,  an' 
t'  rest  cut  aw  roond  it. 

Cumb.  Pacq.    1893,  Sept.  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Reep  up,  G. — To  refer  often  to  some 
unpleasant  subject. 
They'd  coa't  em  oa  t'  ugly  neamms  they 
could  reap  up.         Scoap.    p.  167,  line  9. 

Reest,  o,  sw.  (reest).  Bridle 
reest,  c,  sw.  Tetch,  c,  k,  nw. 
(tech)  Steck,  s.,  ws,  e.  (stek) 
— Obstinacy,  (sTECK-generally  with 
reference  to  a  child) ;  restiveness. 
A  horse  is  said  to  "tak  t'  tetch" 
when  it  refuses  to  move  on. 
When  he'd  gitten  up  towards  sebbenty 
year  auld,  nater  began  to  tak  t'  tetch 
wid  him.  Richardson.  2nd.  p.  73,  line  3. 
A  chap  was  leaden  muck  yah  day,  an' 
t'  nag  tiak  t'  steck. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar.  29. 

— To  be  obstinate,  or  restive. 

Reestit,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (ree.stit). 
Reesty,  c,  N.,  e.  (r'EE.sti)— Ran- 
cid, rusty. 

Strang  reisty  bakin. 

Gibson — Joe  Thompson.    Stz.  8. 

Reesty,  c  ,sw.,ne.(r'ee.sti),  Tetcht, 
c.  (techt).   Steckt,  e.  (stekt) — 
Restive,    obstinate,    refusing    to 
move  (of  horses). 
Stanin  theear  like  a  reesty  horse.  S.D.B. 

For  yan  (horse)  is  coald  shoudert ;  another 
is  tetcht.         Cumbriana.   p.  242,  line  17. 


262 


Reet,  g.  (R'EET)— Right ;  neat,  pro- 
perly dressed. 
F  blue  goon,  i'  black  goon,  i'  green  goon 

or  grey, 
I  tell  her  she's  reeght,  an'  git  "Mappen 

I  may."      Gibson — Lai  Dinah.    Stz.  3. 

Reet  up,  g.— To  give  advice  in  a 
scolding  manner. 

Reeve,  c.,sw.,n.  (reev)-A  steward. 

The  Field  Reeve  of  Burgh  Marsh. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

Reeve,  n.  (r'EEv) — To  rob. 

When  veyle  moss-troopers,  bworder  bred, 

To  reeve  and  pillage  pillage  flock  to  arms. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  4. 

Reever,  n.  (ree.vu'R')— Robber  on 
the  borders. 

In  reality,   the  fairies  were  priests,  and 
the  plundering  butler  a  Scottish  reiver. 
Sullivan,    p.  136. 
Beneath  the  shelter  of  its  tower 
They  were  beyond  the  reivers'  power. 
Silpheo— Wolsty  Castle,    p.  3.  line  2. 

Render,  g.  (r'EN.ddhu'R')— To  melt 
tallow,  etc. 

Yeh  aw  knoa  whoar  t'  renderen'  hoose 
is  .  .  .  It's  nut  seah  much  run  on  noo  as 
it  uset  to  be.    W.C.T.X.   1894.   p,  7,  col.  1. 

Renky,  c.,nw.,  E.  (RENK.i)-Lengthy. 

Rennet,  c,  sw.  (r;en.U't).  Steep, 
Es.,  nw.  —  Yellow  Bed-straw  — 
Gallium  terum.  The  infusion  of 
the  stem  was  used  as  rennet  for 
curdling  milk. 

Resh  :   see  Seeve. 

Resh-lbearin',  c.  (ruosh-beer'U'N  ; 
beeu'RU'n)— The  wake  or  day  of  ; 
a  church's  dedication. 
"What's  on  now?"  "Rush-bearing,  I 
reckon."  "And  what's  rush-bearing?" 
"  Rush -bearing — the  barn's  rush-bear- 
ing— St.  Peter's  Day  " ;  "  Oh,  ay,  I  know 
— rush-bearing.  Let  me  see,  ain't  it 
once  a  year?" 

Son  of  Hagar.    HI.    p.  78,  line  12. 


Residenter,  ne.,  nc. — An  old  in- 
habitant. 

Bia  friendship  for  residenters — as  he 
wras  wont  to  designate  old  people — was 
strong.        Fireside  Crack.   (1896.)    p.  31. 

An  old  residenter  informed  us. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Jan.  20.    p.  5,  col.  3. 

Restles,  c,  nw.  (r'es.uxz).  Rid- 
steaks,  Ws.(r'id-stiaaks).  Rest- 
stakes,  a,  NW.  (R'EST-STIAAKs). 
Rudstowers,  e.,  nw.  (rtjod- 
stauw.U'R'z).  Rudsteaks,  e., 
nw.,  n.  (r'uod-stiaaks).  Rid. 
Widdy,  e.  (wid.i)— The  stakes 
to  which  cattle  are  fastened  in  the 
stalls. 

Resto,  C,  nw.  (rest.au)  — At 
marbles — to  change  position  so  as 
to  obtain  a  better  chance  of  hitting 
an  opponent's  "taw." 

Reul,  G.  not  e.  (riool)— An  unruly- 
boy,  colt  or  ox,  etc.     A  rule. 

Some  women  gang  alius  by  t'  BgULfl  0* 
contrary.     Richardson,  2nd.    p.  145,  line  4. 

Reunge,  c,  e.  (r'iuonj.)— To  plunge 
as  the  unruly  colt  does. 

Renst,  e.  (riuost)— Praised,  com- 
mended. 

Reutle,  Cs.,  sw.  (r'iuot.itl).  Rute, 
n.  (rut).  Re  at,  ne.  (riet). 
Wurtle,  nw.  (wuort.U'l) — To 
work  underneath,  or  in  the  ground 
like  a  pig. 

Reutwhelt,  nw.  (riuot-hwelt)— 
To  beat  with  a  stick,  but  more 
particularly  with  an  "  ash-plant." 
I  telt  fadder  if  it  did  that  agean  I  wad 

RUTEWHELTit.      BlLLY  BRANNAN.   p.  5,  Hurt. 

Reuv,  c,  N.,  nw.  (riuof).     Tirl,  n., 
nw.  (tirl).    Reave,  e.  (riaav) 
— To  unroof;  to  strip. 
"  T'  wind  reuvt  oor  haystack." 

Then  off  theer  duds,  their  (thir)  dobbies 

dofft, 
An'  tirl'd  to  their  bare  buffs. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  39. 


263 


But  ere  a  temple   could  be   raised,  .  .  . 
'Twas  needful  first  the  auld  ane  sud, 
Be  tirl'd.  Stagg — Panic.    Stz.  6. 

Revally,  c,  ST.,  sw.  (r'evaal.i)— 

Disturbance,  quarrelling. 
Rib   girse,    G. — Ribwort — Piantago 

lanceolata.      W.H. 

Rice,  sw.,  e.  (r'aais).  Reyce,  n., 
nw.  (raeis)— Brushwood  used  in 
hedging.     See  Cockyard. 

Gaun  at  it  leyke  a  man  haggan  rise. 

Ellwood. 

Rick,  c,  Ws.,  EC.  (rik) — Corn  or  hay 
built  into  a  long  pile,  whereas  a 
stack  is  built  in  a  round  shape. 

Rid,  g.  Rud  (r'uod)— To  uproot 
trees  or  hedges ;  to  clear  away 
soil  from  the  top  beds  of  a  quarry. 
The  frequent  names  of  Ridding  and 
Rudding  applied,  to  houses  and  fields 
have  doubtless  originated  from 
this.     See  Reed  ;  Paddick  rud. 

T'  seaal  eh  t'  battin  sticks  '11  pay  t'  laber 
eh  ruddan  t'  stumps.     Scoap.  p.  72,  line  2. 

Riddin  keam,  ne.,  nc.  (rid.U'n) — 
A  hair  comb. 

Ride,  n. — An  old  border  term  mean- 
ing to  ride  with  the  object  of 
robbing. 

"  Ride,  Rowlie,  ride,  hough's  i'  th'  pot  " 
— a  saying  implying  that  more  provisions 
must  be  obtained. 

Ride  an'  tie,  g.  (raaid  u'n  taai) 
—Riding  by  turns — the  horseman 
dismounting  and  tying  the  horse 
up  till  the  footman  comes  up  to 
take  his  turn  in  the  saddle. 

Rider — A  fissure  in  the  coal  seam, 
filled  with  hard  white  post ;  they 
are  sometimes  vertical,  extending 
for  hundreds  of  yards,  at  other 
times  they  are  found  horizontal 
following  the  various  beds,    r.w.m. 

Ridlin',  c,  sw.,  e.  (r'id.lin).  Rudd- 
lin  (r'uod.lin)— A  riddle,  puzzle. 

"  Come  and  I'll  set  thee  a  ridlin'." 

T'  chap  at  cannot  guess  thur  ruddlins. 
Yance-a-Year.     p.  16,  line  3. 


Ridsom',  c.  (r'ID.suom).   Rudsom, 

e.  (r'UOD.suom) — Ready,  expert. 
Rife,  G.  (raaif)— Plentiful.    Ready, 

quick  to  learn.   Ferguson,  p.  193.   (Not 
known  to  correspondents). 
Riff-raff,   g.   (r'IF-R'Aaf) —  A   dis- 
orderly   person ;    a    low    crowd ; 
rubbish. 

Our  Captain's  Miss  hes  run  away, 
Wid  some  rif-raf. 
Anderson — Corp'rel  Gowdy.    Stz.  7. 
He's  nowt  but  riff-raff. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  103,  line  4. 
Rift,  G.  (R'IFT).      Ruft,    E.  (R'UOFT) 

— An  eructation.  See  Ruff,  Ruft. 
An  old  toper  used  to  say  that  he  liked  a 
rift  o'  rum.      J.H. 

—To  belch. 

Riften  full.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Ap.  12. 

Rig,  G.  (rig)— The  ridge  or  elevated 
part  of  a  field,  as  distinguished 
from  the  furrow,  on  which  the 
sheaves  are  placed  when  cut.  It 
occurs  in  place-names,  signifying 
an  oblong  hill — LongRiGG,  LatRiGG. 
Also  (n.)  the  back  of  a  person  or 
beast. 

Bit  yance  I  cud  ha'  plew't  or  sown, 
Or  shworn  my  rigg. 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  29,  line  7. 
Hod  up  till  t'  heed-RiGG,  Dick  —  Ah'll 
nivver  forgiv'  the  bad  wark. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  131,  line  10. 

I  hev  seen  him  wid  a  sheep  on  his  rig. 

Mayroyd.     I.    p.  253,  line  2. 

Rig  an'  fur,  g.— Ridge  and  furrow, 
as  stockings  are  knit. 

Gray  rig-an-fur  stockins,  an  shwort- 
knee't  brutches.  Scoap.   p.  24,  line  8. 

Rig  an'  rean,  o,  e.,  sw.  (riaan). 
Rune,  sw.  (r'iuon  ;  rioon) — A 
method  of  separating  small  portions 
of  land  in  an  arable  field  cultivated 
by  several  tenants.  The  rean  was 
a  narrow  strip  of  grass  land,  a 
little  higher  than  the  ground  or 
deals  on  either  side  ;  rig  is  the  cul- 
tivated portion  between  the  reahs. 


264 


Formerly  the  land  . . .  was  unfenced  and 
lay  in  dales,  which  were  divided  from 
each  other  by  runes,  or  slight  elevations 
of  land.  C.  Patr.  1894,  May  4.  p.  5,  col.  3. 
Their  lands  laid  rigg  and  rean. 

C.  Patriot.    1870,  May  13. 

Riggelt,  g.  Rig,  nc. — An  animal 
with  one  testicle  in  its  loins.  See 
Chasser. 

Riggem  en  riggem,  nw. — Each 
one  a  ridge. 

But  RIGGEM   EN   RIGGEM   W6   Will   try, 

And  have  an  eben  onways  race. 

Woolsty.    p.  9,  Stz.  4. 

Riggin,    G.   (rig.in) — Ridge   of  a 
house ;  the  thatch  on  the  house  ; 
property. 
I  divven't  ken  my  oan  house 

Until  I  see  the  riggin'  on't. 
Cheese  an'  breed  is  my  door  cheeks, 
And  panceaks  is  the  riggin'  on't. 

Old  Song. 
Varra  nar  like  th'  shap  iv  oor  leath,  if  it 
was  stannin'  wi'  t'  riggin'  doon  bank. 

Richardson.    1st.    p.  117,  line  8. 
Deep  debt  o'  the  riggin. 

Echoes — Brokken  Statesman.    Stz.  3. 

Rig  reap,  g.  (r'iaap).  Back  band, 
e. — The  chain  or  rope  resting  on 
the  cart-saddle  ;  the  back-band. 
Rigg-roping  was  an  attention  devoted  to 
the  village  lad  and  lass  courting ;  .  .  . 
the  rigg-reapers  pass  the  chain  (or  back- 
band  of  the  cart-saddle)  through  the 
"  door-sneck."     W.C.T.H.   1893.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Rigwelted,  c. — Said  of  sheep  which 
are  lying  on  their  back,  and  unable 
to  get  up,  "cast." 

Rim,  B.,  E. — The  rim  of  a  spinning 
wheel  included  all  that  part  of  a 
wheel  which  was  turned  round, 
viz.,  the  rim  proper,  the  spokes, 
and  the  nave. 

I've  gotten  a  wee  bit  spinning  wheel; 
An'  by  the  whirling  rim  I've  found 
How  the  weary,  weary  warl'  gaes  round. 
Blamire — I've  gotten,    line  2. 


Rimmer,  g.  (r'im.U'R')— Cheese  vat 
or  form  in  which  the  curd  is  set  to 
harden. 

Our  butter  tells  to  fourteen  pun'; 
Our  cheese  hes  flll'd  the  rimmer. 

Blamire — The  Meeting.    Stz.  2. 

Ring  Tail  :   see  Glead. 

Rip,  G.  (rip)— A  reprobate.  "  An 
oald  rip  of  a  horse  " — a  horse  of 
the  worst  description. 

Bit  many  an  oald  rip  rins   i'  the   shay 
things.   Dickinson— Remains,  p.  199,  line  2. 

— To  swear,  generally  coupled  with 
tear — Rip  an'  tear  (teeu'R'). 

T'  girt  fella  startit  noo  teh  rip,  an  tear. 
an  curse  an  sweear.  Scoap.  p.  20,  line  19. 

Ripe,  G.  (raaip)  — To  search  by 
force  ;  to  examine  under  a  search 
warrant. 

Do    they    rype   the    country  with    yon 
warrant  still? 

Shadow  oe  a  Crime,    p.  146,  line  10. 

A  long  pole   shod  with  iron  to  ripe  big 
stones  out  of  the  earth.     J.P. 

Ripple ,  c,  e.,  nw  (rip.u'l)— A  slight 
scratch. 

— To  scratch  slightly ;  (b.)  to  strip 
the  seeds  off  the  flax. 
He  hed  oanly  to  ripple  an'  plant,  to  wait 
an'  reap.    C.Pacq.  1893,  Aug.  10.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Risms,  g.  (R'is.U'Mz)— Straws  left 
on  the  stubbles. 

Give  us  a   chow   o'   bacca,   gaffer — Ah 
hevn't   a  rism.        Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Ap.  12. 

Rit,  c,  n.,  sw.  (r'it)— To  cut  the 
first  line  of  a  trench,  or  drain,  etc., 
with  a  spade.  To  cut  a  slit  in  a 
sheep's  ear. 

Rittit,  c,  Ws.  (rit.it)— Having  a 
rectangular  piece  cut  out  of  the 
whole  length  of  a  sheep's  ear 
dividing  it  into  two  parts.  Some 
sheep  are  twice  ritit,  when  the  ear 
is  divided  into  three  parts.  See 
Shepherd's  beuk,  Kay-bittit, 
Lug-mark. 


265 


Rive,  G.  (R'AAiv) — To  tear,  split;  to 
vomit;   to  eat  voraciously. 

"Man,  how  they  dud  rive  an'  eat." 

"T"  cloods  'at  darken  owre  us  noo  may 
rive  like  yon  we  see. 

Gibson — Mary  Ray.    Stz.  3. 

He  got  a  pick-hack,  an'  began  rivin'  t'  bed- 
room flooar  up. 

Betty  "Wilson,    p.  137,  line  11. 

I  wish  I'd  nobbit  married  young — 
I've  nought  but  sarvents  riving  frae  me. 
Rayson — Auld  Bachelor.    Stz.  5. 

River,  g.  (r'AAIV.U'R') — One  who 
splits  or  tears. 

T"  Kir'by  sleeat-RYVERS  com'  an'  steeal 
a  lot.  T'Invasion.    p.  3,  line  7. 

Rive  Rags,  g.  (raaivraags). 
Rivy  Rags,  b. — A  careless  head- 
strong person  or  child.  (b.)  A 
wasteful  person. 

They  tak  some  knittin'  an'  sewin'  for  does 
a  family  o'  greet  rive-rag  lads. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  25.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Roantree,  g.  (rauw.in  tr'Ee). 
Witchwood.    "Wiggin,  a,  n. 

(wig.in)— The  Rowan,  or  Moun- 
tain Ash — Pyrus  Ancuparia.  See 
Dogberry. 

The  wearing  of  a  piece  of  witchwood 
(rowantree)  or  a  stone  with  a  natural 
hole  in  it,  was  considered  a  sure  way  to 
keep  them  from  doing  any  harm. 

W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Robbery. — A  miner's  term  for  the 
working  or  removal  of  the  pillars 
of  coal  supporting  the  roof,  r.w.m. 

They  were  doing  what  was  called  robbery 
— taking  the  pillars  out. 

W.C.T.    1899,  July  8.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Robbin :  see  Bodling. 

Rob  run  up  the  dyke  :  see  Clav- 
ver  grass. 

Rock,  g.  (r'auk) — The  distaff. 

They  tnit,  darn,  an  kurn,  or  they  turn 
rock  an  reel. 
Anderson — Cummerlan  Farmer.   Stz.  2. 


Rockgairds,  n.,  nw.  (gaeu'R'Dz)— 
Escorts  or  guards  of  the  rock. 
"When  the  custom  (which  fell  into 
disuse  about  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century)  existed  of  the 
young  women  meeting  at  each 
others'  houses  on  winter  evenings, 
bringing  with  them  their  rocks  and 
spinning  wheels,  the  young  men 
also  went  to  conduct  their  favour- 
ites home,  and  to  carry  their 
wheels  and  rocks,  hence  Rockgairds. 
The  evenings  were  enlivened  with 
song  and  story  and  other  pastimes, 
and  the  party  were  refreshed  with 
roast  potatoes  and  butter.  If  any 
one  said  that  she  could  not  sing, 
the  cry  arose  of  "preuv!  preuv!" 
i.e.  try!  try!  and  any  attempt  was 
allowed  as  an  excuse. 
Frae  house  to  house  the  rock-gairds  went 
I'  th  winter  neights  when  t'  muin  did 
sheyne. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.  Stz.  14. 

Rocky  reedtail :  see  Nanny  reed- 
tail. 

Roddins,  nw.  (raud.inz) — Any 
road  leading  to  a  village — as  Sil- 

lotll   RODDINGS. 

Rodrigg,  c.,nw.(r'Waud  rig) -The 
green  siding  to  a  highway. 

Roebuck  berry,  c.  Bunch  b.,  ne. 
Bungle  b.,  ne.  —  Stone  bramble 

Itubus  saxatUis. 

Roke,  c,  e.,  sw.  (rauk).  Raak,  c, 
sw.  (raak).  Rote,  n., sw.  (raut) 
— A  scratch  or  mark  made  by  a 
point. 

T'  meunn  makken  girt  breet  rokes  on  't 
(water)  oa  t'  way  across  teh  t'  udder  side 
eh  t'  sea  Scoap.    p.  46,  line  15. 

— To  scratch  with  a  point. 

His  cleaz  riven  off,  an'  his  back  roak'd 
wi'  spikes. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  198,  line  1. 

Ronnel,  c,  w.,  nw.  —  The  female 
salmon. 


266 


Rooers,  sw.  (r'OOU'rz)— Oars. 

"Why  do  you  call  them  rooers?"  "  'Coase 
they  irr  rooers."  "They  call  them  oars 
elsewhere."  "They  may  co'  them  what 
they  will,  but  if  they  roo  wi'  them  they're 
rooers."  Gibson,    p.  195. 

Room,  c.  (r'oom)— Instead  of. 

"  He  com  in  t'  room  of  his  fadder." 

Roon',  g.  (roon)  —  Large.  "  Roon 
cwols,"  includes  the  large  blocks 
as  well  as  the  pieces  as  big  as 
two  fists  ;  the  next  smaller  being 
called  "  nuts." 

Roop't,  c,  sw.  (roopt).  Roopy,  e. 
— Hoarse  with  bawling. 

Roose,  g.  (R'ooz) — Rouse. .  Also,  to 

flatter,  praise  (Ferguson). 

T'  Hunt's  Up  of  a  Kersmas  mworn — wad 

roose  us  like  a  hunter's  whom. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells,    line  9. 

Roo  sty,  g.  (roo.sti)  —  Rough  in 
manner,  rusty.  (ne.)  In  a  bad 
temper. 

Tichbume  reaad  an  fettlt  t'  rusty  Ally 
adoot  owder  sturrups  or  spurs. 

Scoap.    p.  207,  line  23. 

Rote  :   see  Roke. 

Rot  girse  (r'aut).  Sheep  rot. — 
— Marsh  Penny-wort—  Hydropotyle 
vulg. 

Rot  goose  :   see  Bean  goose. 

Rotten  mad,  ne.,  s.  (raut.U'N 
maad) — Very  mad.    "  Great  rot," 

great  rant  (Sullivan,    p.  86). 

I  tliout  ea  sud  hae  gaan  craisy,  I  wur  sae 

ROTTEN  MAD. 

Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue,  p.  42,  line  12. 

Rough  girse,  c,  Es.,  Ns. — The  grass 
Rough   Cocksfoot — Dactylu  glome- 

rata. 

Roughness,  g.  (ruof.nU's)— Grass 
left  for  winterage.  Plenty,  store. 
We've  roughness  amang  hands,  we've 
kye  i'  the  byre. 

Anderson — The  Aunty.    Stz.  1. 


Rough  reet,  e.  (r'UOF  reet)— A 
carpenter  who  works  at  rough 
jobs ;  an  unskilled  person. 

Rounem  en  rounem,  xw. — Round- 
about and  roundabout. 
Rounem  ee  rounem,  Nick  did  cry  ; 
It  isn't  fair — I'll  drop  the  chase. 

Wolsty.    p.  9.  stz.  4. 

Rounge,  g.  (rauwnj)  — A  great 
noise,  wrench. 

Wi'  a  rounge  the  yieldin'  hinges 
Frae  the  partin'  stoothens  flee. 

Stagg — The  Return.    Stz.  25. 

Rouser,  g.  (r'OO.sitr') —  Anything 
large. 
"  It's  a  roosan  lee  at  is't." 

Than  round  a  rouzen  fire  the  carles  sat. 
Gilpin — 
Poetry.    Death  of  Roger,    p.  204,  line  S. 

Rowk,  g.  (r'auwk) — A  fog  or  mist. 

Rowk,  g.  (r'auwk).  Rook,  e. 
(r'OOU'k)  —  To  search  ;  disturb 
roughly ;  stir  up. 

"  Aa  rowkt  o'  my  pockets,  and  couldn't 
find  ya  plack." 

I  cared  sa  lal  for  Grace  'at  I  cud  ha'  tean 
her  an'  wrowk't  t'  fire  wid  her. 

Gibson,    p.  207. 

Efter  he'd  rowk't  in  't  (kist)  a  bit  an 
scrawlt  a  girt  choak  mark  on  t'  lid. 

Scoap.    p.  57,  line  6. 

Rowky,  g.— (r'auw.ki)— Misty. 

Ya  rowky  mwornin',  Sammy  Reet  was 
gangan  up  to  t'  sleat  quarries. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  204,  line  1. 

Rowt,  C,  N.,  NW.  (R'AUWT  ;  ROOT)— 
The  prolonged  roar  of  a  cow. 
"  But  nay  "  sez  I  "  if  wantin'  t'  heid,  she 
raises  sec  a  rout, 
I'd  like  to  see  what   way  she  taks  to 
fetch  sec  hay  bays  oot." 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    Stz.  7. 

— To  roar;  bellow  as  a  cow. 

"  Rowtan'  at  t'  vat.'- 

The  fwoks  i'  swarms  came  kowten. 

Stagg — Brldewain.    Stz.  10. 


267 


Rowth,  C,  N.,  E.,  NW.  (R'AUWTH)— 
Abundance,  plenty. 

Rich  fouk  ha'e  rowth  o'  frien's. 

Gibson — Proverb,    p.  195. 

Health,  lang  leyfe,  an'  rowth  o'  gear. 

Smith — 
Stagg's  New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  2. 

Eowthy,  c,  N.,  e.,  nw.  —  Rank, 
plenteous. 

It  was  said  to  be  a  routhy  time  when  t' 
pig  was  kilt. 

C.  Pacq.     1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Royal,  nw.  (raui.tj'l) — To  treat 
herring  for  the  first  time  with 
brine,  which  it  is  necessary  to  do 
in  two  instalments ;  the  second 
is  called  "salting"  —  in  use  at 
Allonby.  h.m. 
Cwoortyards  whoar  these  herrin'  used  to 

be  ROYALLED. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  5.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Royster :   see  Goyster. 

Rozzel,  g.  (rauz.U'l;  r'auz.in). 
Rozzet,  c,  n  (r'AUZ.u't) — Resin. 

An'   soave   mead   wid   rozzle   an'   meal 
boilt  i'  suds. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  7. 

— To  heat  strongly  before  a  fire;  to 
apply  rozin  ;  (c.)  to  beat. 
"  Come  in  an'  rozzel  thy  shins  a  bit." 

"  Ah'll  rozzel  thy  back  wid  an  esh  stick." 

Ben  Wales's  fiddle,  many  a  neet, 
Wid  elbow  room  an'  rozel't  weel, 

Swinge  !  how  he'd  mak'  fwoke  keav 
an'  prance. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells.    Stz.  3. 

Rozzlin :    see  Brazzlin'. 

Rub,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (r'UOb) — Rib ;  a 
hint. 

I  gev  hem  a  rub  about  his  tricks.     S.D.B. 

Rubbin'  stean,  g.  Rud,  nc. 
Ruddnin,  c. — A  piece  of  red 
haematite  or  kidney  iron  ore  used 
for  rubbing  .  the  doorstep  or  pass- 
age, so  as  to  redden  it;  most  of 
the   houses  are  so  decorated  as 


well  as  the  window  sills  and  a 
piece  of  pavement  in  front  of  the 
doorway,  and  not  unfrequently  in 
fanciful  patterns.  A  softer  ma- 
terial is  also  used,  and  is  made 
of  plaster  of  Paris  and  whiting, 
'  coloured  with  Venetian  red  ;  this 
is  made  up  into  lumps,  or  rolls 
about  the  size  of  an  ordinary 
sausage,  and  sometimes  called 
clay  sticks.     See  Lazy  back. 

I  called  her  rubbing-stone  Lizzie. 

W.C.T.    1899,  July  8.    p.  2,  col.  8. 

Rub  on,  G. — To  continue  as  usual. 
"  How's  o'  at  heam  ?  "    "  Rubban  on  at 
t'  ould  bat." 

When  meal  was  dear,  .  .  .  this  pig  gat 
rubbed  on. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Rub  t'  wrang  way  o'  t'  hair,  g. 

(traang  wae  ut  aer') — Figura- 
tively to  irritate.  When  the  hair 
of  a  cat  or  dog  is  rubbed  upwards 
it  causes  angry  feelings  in  them. 

It  riled,  it  kinder  rubbed  him  the  wrang 
way.  W.C.T.N.   1898.    p.  12,  col.  3. 

Ruck,  g.  (r'UOK.) — The  chief  part, 
the  majority  with  a  sense  of  in- 
feriority. 

An  odd  'an  or  two  here  an'  there  does 
gradely  well,  but  t'  main  ruck  o'  them's 
sic-an-sic-like.    FornessFolk.   p.  23,  line  6. 

Ruckle,  c,  ne.  (r'Uoku'l)  —  A 
crowd ;  a  great  number. 

Ruckshin,  g.  (r'UOK.shin)  —  Riot, 
disturbance. 

Let  me  be  gitten  oot  eh  this  oald  yurth- 
quake  country  eh  yooars  afooar  theer  be 
anudder  ruckshin.      Scoap.   p.  192,  line  10. 

Rud,    G.  not  SW.  (R'UOD).      Smit,  C. 

Ruddle,  c.j  sw  (r'UOD.u'l)  — 
Venetian  red,  or  soapy  haematite 
used  for  marking  sheep,  etc. ; 
before  the  introduction  of  Spanish 
ore,  the  material  was  obtained 
from  Red  Pike  Fell  (j.n.d.).  See 
also  Smit,  Reed,  Rubbin  stean. 


268 


Came  across  them  quarrying  rud  in  the 
river.        C.  Patr.   1897,  July  2.   p.  3,  col.  6. 

He  turnt  as  reid  eh  t'  feaace  on  em  as  a 
fresh  ruddit  tip.  Scoap.   p.  2,  line  7. 

Rud-line,  g.  (laain)— A  cord  on 
which  rud  or  ruddle  had  been 
rubbed ;  this  when  stretched  along 
a  tree  trunk  and  "sprung,"  made 
a  red  mark,  rud  line,  on  the  wood, 
and  a  guide  for  the  sawyers ; 
white  chalk  is  now  used  in  pre- 
ference to  rud. 

Rudstowers,  Rudsteaks :  see 
Restles. 

Rue-bargain,    g.   (rioo-baargin) 

—  An  agreement  cancelled  by 
something  given ;  smart  money 
paid. 

He  said  he  rued  of  his  bargain,  and 
offered  to  give  him  5s.  rue-bargain. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Dec.  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Rue-penny,  c,  Ns.,  w.  (r'ioo.peni) — 
Smart  money  paid  by  one  who 
rues  his  bargain;  (not  nw.)  the 
person  who  rues  his  bargain  and 
is  ready  to  pay  forfeit.     See  above. 

Two  children  exchange  toys ;  one  dis- 
satisfied with  his  bargain  seeks  to  return 
it,  is  at  once  met  by  the  phrase  "  penny 
rue  bargain,  cannot  cowp  back."     W.H. 

He's  a  regular  ruepenny.      S.D.B. 

Ruffel't-sark,  g.  (ruof.U'lt-saar'k) 

—  A  frilled  shirt  (Obs.).  See 
Cranky. 

Wi'  bran  new  cwoat,  an  a  brave  ruffelt 
sark.      Anderson — Barbara  Bell.   Stz.  3. 

Ruffs,  b.,  n.,  nw.  ('RUOFs) — Defec- 
tive parts  of  the  ears  of  corn ; 
light  grain  and  chaff  boiled  for 
cattle  food. 

Ruft,  e.  (ruoft)— The  plot  of  ley 
ground  to  be  ploughed  in  the  year. 
"Field  name"  (J.P.).     Cf.  Rift. 

Rug,  c,  nc,  sw.  (rtjog)— To   pull 
rudely,  roughly. 
"  Rug  at  it.  lad." 


When  storms  blow  keen  on  poor  man's 
cot, 
An'  rugs  an'  rives,  an'  aw  that. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  194,  line  5. 

Ruinate,  c,  e.,  nw.  (riooinae.t)— 
To  reduce  to  ruin. 
T  Luck's  broke — then  we'se  ruinated. 
Lizzie  Lorto*.    III.    p.  40,  line  3. 

Rum,  g.  (ruom)— Queer,  droll.  It 
is  a  regular  Cumberland  word 

(Ferguson,    p.  194). 
"  He's  a  rum  an'." 

A  rum  fellow  in  Troutbeck  had  a  prodi- 
gious bull.         Martineau.    p.  29,  line  13. 

An'  rum  leuks  o'  them  et  hed  t'  piper  teh 
pay.  W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  3. 

Rumbustical,  g.  (r'UOMBuost.- 
iku'l) — Rude,  overbearing,  turbu- 
lent. 

Rumbutter :   see  Birthday. 

Rummel  buck,c.,NC.,Ws.(R'UOM.U'L- 
buok) — A  riotous  boy. 

Yah  rummelbuck  of  a  lad  in  t'  gallery 
leaap  aboot  till  he  gat  a  kayk  aback  eh 
f  lug.  Scoap.    p.  184,  line  2. 

Rummel't  'taties:  see  Chop't 

'taties. 
Rummish,  G.  (r'UOM.ish)— Strange. 

It  was  nobbut  a  rummish  deuh.      S.D.B. 

Rump  and  stump,  g.  (ruomp-U'n- 
stuomp) — Entirely,  completely. 

Till  rump  an  stump  they'd  clear'd  the 
field.  Whitehead,    p.  60,  line  11. 

Rumpas,  g.  (ruomp.us).  Rump- 
shin  (r'UOMP.shin)— Disturbance ; 
uproar. 

A  rumpus  in  Botchergate  .  .  .  J.  M.  was 

charged  with  being  drunk  and  disorderly. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  June  8.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Duz  teh  mind  what  a  rumpus  ther  was 
yance  when  oald  Sorrell  was  wallopan  on 
em.  Scoap.    p.  3,  line  15. 

Rumplement,  Cs.,  Ws.  (r'UOMP.- 
U'LMUNt)— Coarse  materials ;  (nw.) 
disorder. 


269 


A  carlin  sark,  new.  was  kumplement  gear, 
To  wear  next  a  maisterman's  skin. 

Cumbriana.    p.  237,  line  9. 

Rump-neet,  EC. — A  night  set  apart 
for  romping. 

Rumps,  g.  (ruomps).  Rakkeps, 
c,  Ws.  (raakuops) — A  game  at 
marbles  in  which  the  loser  has  to 
place  his  knuckles  on  one  side  of 
a  hole  to  be  u  fired  "  at  with  the 
taws  of  the  winners.  "He  mun 
stand  his  rackups  " — he  must  accept 
the  consequences  of  his  miscon- 
duct. Defeat  or  miscarriage  of 
plans  (Gibson,    p.  194). 

I've  never  heard  this  word  (fullick)  used 
but  by  boys  playing  at  marbles,  at  games 
such  as  rackeps  or  rumps.      J.H. 

Just  as  they  dud  when  it  was  nobbut  a 
knockle  doon  at  rakkups. 

Scoap.    p.  2,  line  19. 

Run  a  rig,  g,  (r'uon.U'  rig)— To 

banter,  to  ridicule,  to  play  a  trick. 

Thou's  monny  a  teyme  run  th'  rig  o'  me 

for  leyle  or  nought ; 

Smith— Stagg's  Tom  Knott,    p.  176,  line  4. 

Runch,  c,  nw.  (ruonch)— A  hardy 
and  thick-set  person  or  animal. 

Rune :   see  Rean. 

Rung,  o.,  e.,  nw.  (r'UONg) — The 
steps  of  a  ladder;  bar  of  a  gate. 
See  Stap. 

Runnan  bur :   see  Bur. 

Runnel,  c,  sw.  (r'UC-n.U'l) — An 
open  drain.     Ellwood. 

Runner,  g.  (r'UO-n.U'R') — A  small 
stream. 

Take  the  first  runner  you  come  upon  for 
a  guide,  for  a  water-runner  will  always 
lead  you  to  the  bottom. 

Rawnslev.     p.  166,  line  5. 

Runnin  ceavvel,  Runrig :  see 
Turn  deal. 

Runt,  G.  (r'UONt) — An  aged  ox ;  a 
strong  and  low-set  man. 


Runt,  c,  n.  Scrunt,  c,  e.,  Ws. 
(skr'VONt)— The  hardened  stem 
of  a  plant.  See  Cabbish  scrunt. 
Scrunt  of  wild  heather. 

W.C.T.X.  1898.  p.  12,  col.  2. 
Fer  f  runt  ov  a  cabbish  I  wadn't  mind 
tellan  ye.         Willy  Wattle,   p.  3,  line  3. 

Run  teum,  c. — "As  weel  sit-teum  as 
run-teum"  signifies  that  one  had 
better  make  the  best  of  a  bad 
bargain  and  lose  by  it,  than  worry 
over  the  loss  and  still  lose  (J.B.). 

Runty   (r'UON.ti).      Scrunty 

(skr'UON.ti)  —  Dwarfish,  stunted. 

See  Scrunty. 

"  A  scrunty  tree."    "A  scrunty  besom  " 

— worn  down. 

The  crop  resulted  in  little  hard,  runty 

turnips.     C.Patr.   1893,  May  13.   p.  6,  col.  4. 

We  say  to  a  niggardly  tradesman, "  Divent 

be  sae  scrunty." 

Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  25. 

Rus,  Rusk  :   see  Seeve. 

Rusty  back,  c.  (rtjos.ti)  —  Scale 
fern — CtieracU  offieinarwm.  Flora. 
An  aged  man. 

Ruttle,  g.  (r'UOT.U'l)— The  gurgling 
sound  produced  by  a  difficulty  in 
breathing. 

"  T'  ruttles  in  his  throat  and  he's  deean." 
A  wheyle  seyne  tou  was  ruttelt  f  t' 
thrwoat. 
But  pottiker  gud  stuff  gev  the'. 
Anderson — Mudder's  Fowt.    Stz.  10. 

Ruzzen,  G.  (r'UOZ.U'n)— Raised,  risen. 

We've  ruzzen  a  lump  eh  gowld  at  we 
cannot  beaath  on  us  lift  oot  eh  t'  wholl. 
Scoap.    p.  226,  line  19. 

Ryble,  c,  w.  (r'Aalbu'l).  Reyble, 
nw.(raelbu'l)- An  unlikely  story. 
"  Deil  bin  !  "  says  Dick,  "  if  what  I  say 

Is  nit  as  true  as  t'  Bible  ! 
An  'gin  I  put  t'e  into  print, 

The  fwok  wad  caw  't  a  ryble." 
Blamire — Cumberland  Scold.    Stz.  4. 
Mead  a  lang  reyble  'bout  houses  an'  Ian'. 
Songs,    p.  15,  line  15. 


270 


Ryle,  C, sw., E. (ra ail).  Reyle,  n., 
NW.  (r'aeil) — To  vex,  to  annoy. 
See  Eeawel. 

A  roysterin'  butcher  went  that  way, 
'At  oft  to  Betty  things  wad  say, 

'At  rile't  auld  Watson  sair. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  165,  line  7. 

Ryner,  ec,  e.  (r'Iai.nu'R') — A 
tapering  augur. 

Rysel,  c.  (r'aai.sux) — A  rollicking 
child.     (Not  known) 


s 


Sackless,  g.  (saak.lu'S  ;  sau.klu's) 
— Feeble,  weak-minded,  simple, 
inoffensive. 

His  son  come  in,  leuken,  as  he   thowte, 
mair  sackless  nor  ivver. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  25,  line  9. 

Sad,    g.   (saad)  — Sodden,    pasty, 
heavy. 
"They  gev  us  breed  as  sad  as  bull  liver." 

Sad  cake,  when  not  made  with  yeast. 

Sullivan,    p.  80. 

As  wet  an'  sad  as  a  bag  o'  sand  new  broote 
out  of  a  fish  pond. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Up  flew  her  hand  to  souse  the  cowren  lad, 

But  ah,  I  thought  it  fell  not  down  owrsAD. 

Relph— Harvest,    p.  4,  line  6. 

Sadly,    g.   (saad.li)— Badly,  pain- 
fully, in  ill  health. 
Betty  was  fash'd  sadly  wid  rheumatics 
v  her  back. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  15,  line  4. 

Safftree  :   see  Willy. . 

Sage  of  Jerusalem,  long 
leaved  —  :  see  Bottle  of  all 
sorts. 


Saggy,  c.  (saag.i).  Laggy,  wc., 
sw. — A  game  with  marbles,  in 
which  one  or  more  holes  are  made 
in  the  ground,  and  the  marbles 
dribbled  to  the  holes  by  the  players 
in  turns :  the  player  who  first 
reaches  the  hole,  knocks  away  his 
opponent. 

Saim,  g.  (saem)— Refined  lard.  See 
Leaf. 

He  triet  ta  leet  t'  fire  wid  a  pund  o'  same. 
W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  4,  col.  3. 

Saim't,  g.  (saemt)— Overcome  with 
heat. 

Owr  hill  an'  knowe,  thro'  seugh  an'  sowe, 
Comes  tiftan  many  o'  couple. 

Hauf  saim'd  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  9. 

St.  Mary's  knot.— On  the  Borders, 
to  hamstring  a  horse  was  called 

tying  him  Writh  a  St.  Mary's  knot. 

He  has  tied  them  a'  wi'  St.  Mary's  knot, 

A'  these  horses  but  barely  three. 

Songs — Dick  o'  the  Cow.    Stz.  26. 

Salladin,  c.  (saal.U'din)  —  The 
Greater     Celandine  —  Ckelidamwm 

mnjus. 

Sallar  op'nin',  G—  A  benefit  night 
for  the  new  occupier  of  a  public 
house. 

There  were  cellar  openings  and  annual 
suppers.  Brampton,    p.  11,  line  4. 

Sally  Sober,  b. — A  game  in  which 
girls  joining  hands  formed  a  ring, 
and  sang  the  following  rhyme,  at 
the  end  of  which  they  seated  them- 
selves on  the  ground  as  quickly  as 
they  could;  an  umpire  stood  in 
the  centre  of  the  ring  to  decide 
who  was  "last  down."  (Obs.  1) 
1  Sally,  Sally  Sober,  fry'd  in  a  pan, 
Last  down's  weddit,  she'll  suingit  a  man.' 

Another  rhyme  also  sung  in  chorus  was ; 

'With  my  ransom,  bansum,  tissy  ma  tee, 
There's  nobbut  ya  man  sail  ivver  kiss  nie.' 

W.H. 


271 


Sally  Waters,  g.  (saal.i  waa.- 
tther's) — A  game  among  girls, 
closely  akin  to  "Kiss  in  the  King." 
Oh,  Sally  Sally  Waters,  why  do  you  lie 

mourning 
For  sake  of  your  young  man  ? 
Come  pick  one,  come  choose   one,  Come 

pick  the  very  best, 
Those  nice  and  fair  young  damsels,  That 

lie  upon  your  breast. 

(Here  one  is  chosen.) 
Now  Sally's  got  married,  I  hope  she  will 

enjoy 
.  A  son  and  a  daughter,  A  kiss  and  a  smile. 

Sam- cast,  g.  (saam-kaast) — Two 
or  more  ridges  ploughed  into  one. 

Sammel,E.,  sw.  (saam.U'l)— A  kind 
of  conglomerate  gravel. 

Sand-horn,  Obs. — Sand  was  taken 
into  the  hay-field  in  a  horn,  so  that 
when  the  strickle  was  worn  down 
it  might  be  renewed  by  the  sand 
and  grease. 

Sank,  c.  (saank)— A  quantity,  col- 
lection of  things,  as  a  sank  of  po- 
tatoes. 

A  sank  o'  havver.  Lake  Country.  App.  I. 

Santer,  g.  (saan.tthu'R')— To  saun-   j 
ter  ;  to  walk  slowly.  See  Aunter. 

Sannter  Bella! — Bliss  the',  sannter, 
Thu'll  be  seun  aneuf  at  heam. 

Gibson — Sannter  Bella,    line  1. 

S  anterment ,  g.  (s  a  an.tthu'R'Munt) 

—Trifling  employment. 

Sap,  g.  (saap).    Sappy,  (saap.i)— 
Wet,  rainy. 
It's  cold  and  sappy. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  151,  line  13. 

Sapskull,  Sap-heed,  g.—A  silly 
person. 

What  the  dickars  is  teh  stannen  glooaran 
theer  at,  like  a  girt  sapskull? 

Scoap.    p.  225,  line  1. 
T'  sapheead  rooart  owt  for  help. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  6,  line  7. 

Sap-tree,  g.  (saap)— Sycamore  tree 
— Acer  pst'iido-platanus. 


Sap  whissle,  g.—A  boy's  whistle 
made  from  a  green  branch  of  a 
sycamore  or  willow. 
Any  lad  '11  mak  ye  a  sap  whistle. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Ap.  26. 

Sare,  g.  (saer).  Sear,  sw.  (siaar') 
— Very  much ;  sore. 
"He's  sare  worn." 

He  grummel't  sair  to  be  disturb't. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.  Stz.  8. 
Ah  ameaast  wish  't  ah  hed  been  t'  fella 
she  lang't  sooa  terrable  seaar  teh  see. 

Scoap.    p.  122,  line  7. 

I  lafft  till  I  varra  near  brost  mysel,  an' 
me  sides  wor  seear. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  4.  line  13. 

Sark,    g.  (saar'k).      Shurt,    e. 

(shuor't)— A  shirt.     See  Huvel. 

A  bit- o'  good  heam  mead  linn  for  a  sark. 

Richardson.    1st.    p.  59,  line  7. 

Sarra,  c,  e.  (saar'.U').      Sarr,  sw. 
(saar').       Serra,    n.   (ser'.U'). 
Sarve,  N.,  e.  (saarw) — To  bestow 
alms ;  to  serve  ;  to  content. 
Reet  sarret,  teu,  ye'll  think  I  was. 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  65,  line  6. 
"Git  up"  says  my  fadder,  "an  sarra  the 
sweyne."  Anderson— Barbara  Bell.  Stz.  6. 
I'll  tell  thee  how  I  sarv'd  my  lassie. 

Clark — Seymon.    line  49. 

Nowte  wad  sarra  t'  wife,  when   we'd 
leuk't  at  them,  but  I  mud  try  them  on. 
Gibson — Tom  Railton.    p.  150,  line  1. 

S  art  en,  g.  (saa.R'TU'n)— Certain. 
"  Doon  to  t'  sarten," — restored  to 
the  original  form  :  said  of  a  tu- 
mour or  swelling. 

A  heidless  woman  woaks  at  sartin  neeghts 
o'  t'  year. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    p.  55,  line  1. 

Sary,  o,  N.,  e.  (sae.rt)— Poor,  piti- 
able. 
"He's  down  f  t'  warl  noo,  sary  man." 

Sairy  Jwosep'  was  bodder't  na  mair  wid 
his  hand. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,    p.  141,  line  4. 


272 


Saucer  een,  c,  Ws.,  n. — Large  and 
full  eyes. 

Nay,  saucer  een,  art  tryin'  to  skiander    j 
me  ?      Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  152,  line  5.    j 

Saugh :  see  Willy. 

Sawer,   g.  (saav.U'R') —  Taste   or 
smell,  savour. 
"  It  teasts  oald  savvor't." 

Sawbill :   see  Gravel  duck. 

Sawgeat,  <;.  Reep,  e. — The  cut  of 
a  saw. 

Saww,  b.  (sauw) — A  violent  yet 
sluggish  kind  of  ache  or  pain, 
such  as  follows  a  blow  upon  the 
head,  or  is  felt  in  the  fingers  when 
brought  to  the  fire  in  a  severe 
frost.  A  violent  pain  in  the  bowels. 

Say,  c,  K,  E.,  nw.  (sae) — Authority, 
influence.    A  remark,  "  saying." 

"  He  hes  full  say  owr  o'." 
It  was  my  say  (call)  for  Harry,  for  Ah 
held  two  trumps.         Scoap.    p.  28,  line  10. 
He  would  give  him  one  when  he  got  a 
nanny-goat.    It  was  just  a  say. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  8.    p.  2,  col.  4. 

— To  check,  restrain  ;  combined  with 
for  ;  to  vouch ;  to  be  certain  of. 
"  I  couldn't  say  him,  for  he  wadn't  be  sed." 

"  Be  sed,  barnes  " ;  do  as  you  are  bid. 

"  They  knew  your  business."  "  I  cannot 
say  for  that." 

W.C.T.    1899,  Jan  28.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Say  hissel  oot,  G.  —  To  decline 
utterly. 

They  preezt  me  varra  hard  teh  try  just 
anudder  ghem,  bit  he  fairly  sed  hissel 
oot.  Scoap.    p.  25,  line  7. 

Scabble,  G.  (skaab.U'l) — To  rough- 
dress  building  stones. 

Scably  hands,  c,  n. — The  plant  of 
the  Common  Pig-nut  —  Bnnium 
JieaoHotum      See  Yowe  Yorlins. 

Scabskew :  see  Shinny. 

Scab't  esh,  g. — An  ash  tree  having 
cancerous  bark. 


Scaif,  c,  B.  (skaef) — Wild,  fearful. 

Scaitch,  c.  (skaech) — To  beat  or 
thrash  with  a  stick  or  rod. 

Scald-head,  a,  w\,n.,nw.— The  ring- 
worm on  the  head. 

Scale,  G.  (skael) — A  spreading 
about,  distribution.  A  mining 
term  for  a  small  split  or  branch 
of  the  ventilating  current  of  air 
in  a  coal-pit  (R.W.M).  See  Skeal. 
Three  or  fower  sek  fellows  .  .  .  wad  mak 
a  bonnie  scale  o'  thur  scrafflen  things  'at 
git  silver  cups. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  59,  line  8. 

— To  spread  about,  disperse,  scatter. 
Amang  them  rush't  a  hungry  pike, 

Aw  t'  swarm  like  deid  leaves  scalin'. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  26,  line  2. 

He  yance  tuk  a  contract  at  Lampl'  Ha' 
did  Perry,  to  skale  a  field  o'  manure. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  7,  col.  4. 

It  was  quite  amusing  ...  to  watch  "f 
schule  SKALE." 

Rise  of  River,    p.  43,  line  14. 

Scale  dish  :  see  Fleetin'  dish. 

Scaly :   see  Shelly. 

Scanted,    g.   (skaant.id.)— Kept 
short,  insufficiently  supplied. 
They  wadn't  see  him  scanted. 

Blamire — Meeting.    Stz.  4. 

Scantish,  g.  (skaant.ish)  —  Defi- 
cient, scarce. 

"It's  amak  of  scantish  (or  scantly)." 

Scap  :   see  Scope. 

Scar,  c,  sw.  (skaar).  Sker,  N. 
(sker)— (1)  A  fright.  (2)  A  bare 
and  broken  place  on  the  side  of  a 
mountain,  or  (3)  on  the  high  bank 
of  a  river ;  (4)  beds  of  rough  gra- 
vel and  stones  such  as  exists  on 
the  shores  of  the  Solway,  are 
called  scars  ;  (5)  face  of  a  rock,  or 
cliff  cut  off;  the  rock  itself;  (6) 
the  mark  of  a  heated  wound  or 
cicatrix.  In  place-names  —  Bow- 
scar.     See  Arr. 


273 


Etterby  Scar  (3,5)  very  visible  to  the  NW. 
of  Carlisle. 

I  laaid  me  dawn  on  a  breaad  scar  (2)  an 
sean  fel  asleep. 

Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue.    I.    p.  35. 

Ya  chap  hed  bin  a  bit  off  tul  a  girt  skaar 
(4)  to  lait  mussels. 

Forness  Folk.     p.  36,  line  3. 

When  hawf-blin  Calep  fell  owre  the  scar. 
Anderson — Grizzy.    Stz.  4. 
— Shy,  wild. 

"Your  cowt's  parlish  scar." 

What  mead  ta  luik  sea  skar  and  seem 
sea  bleate.      Graham — Gwordy.    line  79. 

Scarf,  g.  (skaarf).  Scart.  Sea 
craw,    (Brougli.)  —  Cormorant— 

Phalacrocorax   car  bo.        The     Laal 

Scarf    is   the  Green   Shag  —  p. 
gracvlu*. 

Scarn,  c,  e.  (skaarn).  Sharn,  nw. 
s.  (shaar'n).  Scairn,  c,  n.,  nw. 
(skaer-n).  Shairn,  sw.  (shaer'n) 
Fresh  cow-dung. 

But  o'  things  they  telt  him  Joe  triet  tull 
his  thumb — 
Sec  as  cerat,  an*  yal-grunds,  an'  tur- 
mets  an'  ska.rn. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  6. 

Ann,  git  cow-scairn,  an'  chammerly, 

Nowt  meks  a  pultess  better. 
Anderson — Misstress  Creake.    Stz.  9. 

Yet  frae  this  tale  confederate  states  may 

learn 
To  save  the  cow,  and  not  eat  her  sharn. 
Daft  Bargain,    line  25. 

Scarrow,   (Abbey)— Applied  gene- 
rally to  any  small  fish  (Obsolesc). 
Ellwood. 
Scart :   see  Scrat,  and  Preface. 

Scart'ly,    c.   (skaa.rtli) — Fright- 
ened.    Also  Scart. 
He  ol'as  hed  a  wild  scart'ly  leuk. 

Gibson— Oxenfell  Dobby.   p.  95,  line  11. 

Scary :   see  Skeery. 

Scathe,  g.  (skaeth) — Loss,  damage, 
hurt. 

s 


Scaw,  g.  (skau).  Shaw,  (shau)— 
A  natural  coppice.  In  place  names : 
Brisco,  Wesco,  and  Scowgarth. 

Sceugh,  nc.  (skiuoh)— A  steep 
rough  bank  thick  with  brushwood ; 
common  in  place-names  as  Scale- 

SCEUGH.       J.   AR. 

Let's  gan  doon  that  bit  sceugh.     J.  Ar. 

Scholar's  bell. — At  Cockermouth 
a  bell  was  rung  in  the  17th  Cent, 
at  8  a.m.  The  Grammar  school 
adjoined  the  Church,     j.b. 

Scholick — A  word  only  lately  coined 
at  Castlecarrock,  and  refers  to  the' 
death  of  a  gamekeeper  of  this  name 
who  was  murdered  near  Hexham 
in  1898.  Murder  or  serious  injury 
is  implied  by  its  use. 
He  said  that  if  he  could  not  Scholick  him 
with  his  fists,  he  would  do  so  with  some- 
thing else. 

C.  Patr.     1899,  July  14.     p.  6,  col.  5. 

S coder,  g.  (skau.ddhu'r)  —  To 
scorch ;  to  scald  the  skin  by  steam, 
by  heat,  and  friction  of  clothes 
during  violent  exercise.  Also  (e., 
nw.)  To  burn  cakes  by  overbaking. 
I  dung  ower  the  tnop,  an  scawdert  my 
fit.  Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  1. 

People  working  hay   on  a  hot  day  will 
say  "we've  gitten  a  scowderin'."     J.H. 

Scoggers,  c,  ec,  sw.  (skaug.U'rz). 
Hoggers,  e.,  w.,  sw.  (haug-U'R's). 
Pots,  a,  Ns.(fauts)— The  meaning 
of  Scoggers  varies  according  to  the 
district,  e.g.,  at  Drigg  and  Cocker- 
mouth  it  refers  to  long  knitted 
woollen  sleeves  worn  to  protect  the 
arms  during  salving  or  corn-stook- 
ing ;  at  other  places  in  c,  nw.,  s. 
and  sw.  footless  stockings  like 
Beutstockings  are  worn  on  the  leg 
below  the  knee,  whilst  also  in  c. 
and  in  ne.  Scoggers  are  the  feet  cut 
off  old  stockings  and  worn  over 
the  boot  or  clog  to  prevent  slipping 
on  ice-covered  roads;    in  Alston 


274 


and  ne.  the  name  of  Fots  is  given 
to  the  foot — and  Hoggers  to  the 
leg-covering.  In  w.  the  miners 
wear  hoggers  on  their  legs  when  at 
work,  but  at  Beckermet  hoggers 
are  worn  on  the  arms.  In  the 
Stapleton  district,  fots  refer  to  the 
footless  stocking  to  which  strings 
are  fastened  on  each  side  to  pass 
under  the  sole  of  the  boot,  and  tie 
over  the  instep  ;  they  then  form  a 
protection  from  the  snow  when  it 
is  deep.  In  c,  ne.  and  nw.  fots 
are  the  woollen  foot-gear  of  in- 
fants when  "  shortened."  Scoggers, 
formerly  called  coggers,  were  of 
leather.     See  Whirlers. 

Clogs,  hogger  pants,  pit  flannels. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Scollick :   see  Scurrick. 

Sconce,  g.  (skauns) — A  stone  shelf, 
generally  near  the  kitchen  door, 
and  if  inside,  with  a  hole  in  it 
through  which  water  may  run; 
the  sconce  was  sometimes  fixed 
in  the  wall  near  the  fireplace,  and 
made  into  a  comfortable  seat. 
(C,  B.)  The  head. 

She  cleared  the  sconce  and  took  down  the 

flitches  that  hung  from  the  rannel  tree. 

Shadow  of  Crime,    p.  44,  line  4. 

Let  us  take  our  seat  now  upon  the  sconce. 

Beckside.    p.  4,  line  11. 

Sconk :   see  Honk. 

Sconky,  a,  Ws.,  nc.  (skaunkj)— 
Very  slender  and  bare,  especially 
about  the  head  and  neck — chiefly 
applied  to  short-woolled  sheep. 

Scons,  g.  (skaunz) — Scones,  barley 
cakes. 

Wi'  scons,  ledder  hungry,  an  whuskey. 
Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  5. 

Scooder,  c,  sw.  (skoo.ddhu'r)— To 
take  great  effect  upon ;  cause  to 
fall  quickly. 

Jwon  White  . .  .  was  in  for  shuttan  snipes, 
an'  skooderan  them  doon. 

Cumbriana.    p.  9,  line  2. 


Scop,  c,  ec.  (skaup).  Scoppy,  N. 
(skaup.i).  Scobby,  e.  (skaub.i). 
Flecky-flocker,  n.,  sw.  Spink, 
c,  ec,  sw.  (spink).  Sprinky,  c. 
Shillapple,  n.,  e.,  w.  (shil.a  apitl). 
Shilty,  n.(shilt.i)— The  Chaffinch 
Frinffilla  Calebs;  known  as  the 
shillapple  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Carlisle,  and  in  the  parishes  of  Castle 
Sowerby,  Greystoke,  etc.,  while 
in  West  Cumberland  the  same 
name  is  applied  to  the  Mountain 
Or  Missel  thrush.  (Gilpin — Songs. 
3rd.  p.  229).  In  Central  Cumberland 
the  Yellow  Ammer —  Emberiza  citri- 
nella,  is  frequently  called  the  Spink. 
T  scops  an'  udder  burds  aboot  t'  dikes. 
W.C.T.    1898,  July  2.    p.  8,  col.  5. 

Amang  the  worchets  far  an'  near, 
The  scoppies  sing  beath  lood  an'  clear. 
Brown,    p.  94,  line  8. 

I  meynd  when  he  cross'd  the  deep  watter. 
To  get  me  the  shill-apple  est. 
Anderson — Bundle  ov  Oddities.  Stz.  1. 

Scop, — G. — A  blow. 

Charley  gat  a  scop  at  t'  side  o'  t'  heed  'at 
mead  his  lugs  fairly  dingel. 

W.C.T.X.   1892.    p.  4,  col.1. 

— To  hit;  (w.)  to  throw  stones,  etc., 
so  as  to  cause  serious  injury. 

Witness  asked  G —  what  the  baton  was 
for,  and  he  replied  that  it  was  for  scopping 
them.      C.  Patr.  1896,  Dec.  4.   p.  7,  col.  6. 

He  scops  at  his  drivers  wi'  clods. 

Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  8. 

This  fella  . . .  es  bin  scoppen  ma  we  sty,  ins. 
Christian— Sailor  Lad.    p.  3,  Km  5. 

This  struck  her  ....  cutting  her. 

He  must  have  got  scopped  himself.    My 

head  is  cut. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  8.    p.  7,  col.  4. 

Scope,  c,  sw.,  e.  (skauwp;  skaup). 
Scap,  n.  (skaap) — The  scalp. 

Ah  teaak  em  a  fluet  win  t'  left  ower  t' 
side  iv  his  scoap.  Scoap.    p.  20,  Mm  & 


275 


Scopperel,  g.  (skaup.U'R'U'l)— A 
seton,  formerly  made  with  a  goose 
quill.  A  plaything  with  children, 
being  a  mould  button  with  a  hole 
through  it,  through  which  a  piece 
of  wood  or  quill  is  put  for  the  pur- 
pose of  spinning  like  a  teetotum. 
It  rooar't  an'  blew  fit  to  thraa  a  body 
ooer,  or  skirl  'em  round  like  a  skopperel. 
Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  6. 

Scopy,  G.  (skau.pi) — Thin  of  soil- 
as  is  usual  on  the  head  of  a  brow. 

Scour,  g.  (skoou'R').  Scout  (skoot) 
— A  violent  purging  (cattle). 

Scowder,  G.  (skauw.ddhu'R') — Dis- 
order combined  with  fright.  Dirty 
disorder  (H.T.).   • 

Efter  a  terrable  scowderin  an  scufterin 
they  gat  oa  reetit  up.      Scoap.  p.  86,  line  9. 

Scowe,  c.  (skauw) — A  severe  beat- 
ing, (sw.)  A  mess  of  soft  mat- 
ter. 

Scower,  c,  sw.,  Es.  (skauw.itr) — 
To  glower  or  look  impudently  at   j 
a  person.     Obsolescent  (W.A.R.). 

Scowp,  g.  (skauwp)— A  tin  or  iron 
dish,  scoop  ;  scope. 
T  bank  chap  shoolt  them   (sovereigns) 
inteuh  't  (bag)  wid  a  laal  scowp. 

Scoap.    p.  13,  line  8. 

— To    scoop ;   to  betake   one's   self 
off";  to  empty  out. 
"Summat  to  scowp  on"  —  something  to 
spare. 

Theer  'ill  mebby  nut  be  ower  mickle  time 
to  scowp  on.  Richardson,  2nd.    p.  56. 

"¥a,  whoo  -  te  -  whoo ! "  she  -cried,  and 
scowpt  away.    Clark — Seymon.  line  20. 

Theer  war  heaps  o'  curns  an'  raisins — 
and  didn't  we  scowp  them  oot ! 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  10,  col.  3. 

S  c  r  a  f f  1  e ,  g.  (skr'Iaf.U'l)  —  A 
struggle. 

I've  mead  a  fair  scraffle,  Jobby,  an'  I've 
gedder't  a  gay  bit  togidder. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  24,  line  4. 
8  2 


— To  scramble  ;    dispute  ;    struggle, 
be  very  industrious. 
"  He's  hed  a  rare  scraffle  for  a  leevin',  an' 
he  scraffles  an'  disputes  wid  ivry  body." 

He  went  .  .  .  scrafflin'  across  craggs  an' 
screes.  Gibson — Joe.    p.  2,  line  13. 

Keep  up  thy  heart — ne'er  fear ! 
Our  bits  o'  bairns  '11  scraffle  up. 

Anderson — Will  and  Keate.    Stz.  2. 

Scram,  c,  Wa  (skr'Aam)— The  hard 
rind  of  bacon  or  cheese. 
He  cot  a  model  eh  what  he  thowt  t'  shap 
on  't  sud  be,  oot  of  a  lump  eh  baykin- 
scram.  Scoap.    p.  148,  line  2. 

Anybody  'at  could  mak'  a  good  feed  o' .  .  . 
Whillimoor  scram,  needn't  ha'  been  a  bit 
flate,  ...  to  ha'  left  their  teeth  marks  in 
a  plew-cooter. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  3. 


Scramally, 
Scrowe. 


Scrow-mally  :     see 


Scrapple,    g.  (skraap.u'l)— To 
scrape.     See  Collorake. 
They  dudn't  scrapple  as  we  deuh  iv  oor 
foald,  for  they  thrast  ther  scrapples  fra 
them  asteed  a  pooan  them  tuh  them. 

Scoap.    p.  48,  line  2. 

Scrat,  g.  (skr'aat).  Scart,  c,  nw., 
n.  (skaart)— The  itch,  a  scratch; 
a  saving,  industrious  person;  a 
female  hermaphrodite  sheep. 
Steamer  efter  steamer  coh  teh  hand  an 
niver  sooa  mickle  as  t'  scrat  iv  a  pen  fra 
theh.  Scoap.    p.  65,  line  8. 

Bella  was  an  industrious,  hard-working 
little  body,  generally  called  a  lile  scrat. 
Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  77,  line  5. 

— To  scratch ;  to  strive  for  a  living. 
"Scratten  on" — when  a  person  of 
small  means,  and  industrious  habits 
keeps  up  a  good  appearance,  and 
makes  both  ends  meet. 
She'll  scart  mey  back  whene'er  it  yucks. 
Anderson — Tib.    Stz.  1. 


276 


Joe  scrattit  his  heed  lang  an'  sair. 

Betty  "Wilson,    p.  21,  line  4. 

Oor  Betty's  alius  scrattin',  scrattin'. 
Eneuf  she  thinks  she'll  nivver  git. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  147,  line  5. 

Scratti — The  name  of  a  hobgoblin 
or  boggle.  This  name  and  idea 
were  once  very  well  known  in 
Cumberland,  and  I  remember 
having  heard  it  often  forty  or 
fifty  years  ago.  Ellwood.  "  Oald 
Scrat  " — the  devil. 

Scree,  c,  sw.,  e.  (scr'Ee)— The  run- 
ning debris  on  the  side  of  a  moun- 
tain, as  at  Wastwater. 
Whoariver  there's  screes 
There's  mair  steans  nor  trees. 

Gibson — Old  Rhyme,    p.  196. 

It  taks  a  Strang  hale  man, 
To  stand  on  t'  dizzy  edge,  and  leuk 
Doon  t'  SCREES. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  16,  line  8. 

— c,  nw,  B. — To  separate  small  seeds 
from  corn. 

Screed,  c,  n.  (skreed)— A  narrow 
strip  of  cloth  or  land,  etc.  (n.)  A 
long  and  monotonous  harangue. 
A  piece  torn  or  rent  off  anything. 
They  wad  a  twistit  it  inteh  rags  an 
screeads  yares  an  yares  afooar. 

Scoap.    p.  59,  line  7. 

He  wad  gie  t'  auld  donnet  a  screed  of  his 
mind  if  iver  she  com  nigh  him  agin. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  2,  line  9. 

Screen :   see  Settle. 

Scribe,  g.  (skraaib)— That  which 
is  written. 
Ne'er  yence  sent  the  screybe  ov  a  pen. 

Anderson — Ruth.    Stz.  3. 

Scrimpy,    g.   (skr'IMP.i).      Skyfa, 
sw.  (skaai.faa)— Scanty,  mean, 
of  a  limited  form. 
The  scrimpy  carts  in  general  use 
Were  all  o'  the  tumbler  kind. 
C.  Patr. — Auld  Lang  Seyne.  1870,  May  13. 


Scroby,  c,  Ws.  (skr-aub.i). 
Scrawby,  sw.  (skrauw.bi) — 
Mean,  niggardly. 

He  sed  he  dudn't  want  teh  be  scrobey 
whn-meh,  an  wad  deuh  that  mickle  for 
nowt.  Scoap.    p.  214,  line  10. 

S  C  r  O  g  g  S  ,    C,    NW.    (SKRAUGZ)  — 

Stumps,  stunted  bushes.  Cf.  Brog. 

Scroo,  c,  sw.  (skrioo)— A  slide; 
the  act  of  sliding.     See  Scurl. 

— To  slide  on  ice. 

Scrowe,  g.  (skrauw).  Scrow- 
mally,  ne.  (skrauw-maali). 
Grally,  n.,  sw.  Scramally,  a, 
e.,  nw.  (skr'UM a al.i)— Disorder, 
confusion,  untidiness,  (b.)  A  great 
many,  a  crowd. 

"  Her  hoose  was  in  sec  a  scrowe  as  thoo 
nivver  saw." 

Two  oald  fwoke,  wid  a  scrowe  o'  barns, 
an'  ya  son. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.     Stz.  16. 

Aggy  and  Elcy  were  busy  "  siding  oop  " 
.  . .  the  place  was  in  a  "stour"  .  .  .  there 
was  a  scrowe  on. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  38,  line  1. 

A  leet  cart  was  owerturned  when  it  was 
comin'  frae  market.  An  sec  a  scrow- 
mally  theear  was,  to  be  sure,  suggar, 
seap,  an  cannels. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  scatter,  to  throw  about ;  mix 
things  up. 

Theer  wasribbuns  run  for,  brass  scrowed, 
an  ivery  body  was  theer. 

Fireside  Crack,    p.  17,  line  20. 

Scrub,  g.  (skruob) — A  small  bundle 
of  stiff  birch  twigs  used  for  clean- 
ing the  inside  of  the  porridge-pan. 

Scrub- grass,  c,  e.,  sw.  The 
Dutch  Hush,  or  great  Bough  Horse- 
tail— Equittum  hj/emale ;  used  for 
scrubbing  or  polishing  fire-irons, 
etc.  The  Equucta  are  all  called 
Paddock  pipes,  Tead  pipes,  Scrub-grass, 


277 


Scmdge,  G.  (skr-ooj)— To  squeeze, 
to  rub  hard  as  in  scouring ;  to 
crowd. 

Entreating  the  people  "not  to  scrudge 
so!"  ,Now  scrudge  is  very  good  Cum- 
brian, meaning  "to  crush." 

C.  Pat.    1895,  May  17.    p.  4,  col.  7. 

Scruff,  g.  (skr'Uof).  Scuff,  c,  sw. 
(sk'UO-f) — The  hind  part  of  the 
neck. 

An  just  clickt  em  he  t'  scuff  eh  t'  neck. 
Scoap.    p.  82,  line  7. 

He  gript  Jim  hy  t'  scruff  of  t'  neck. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.     p.  18,  col.  2. 

Scruffins,  c,  sw.,  n.  (skr'uof.inz)— 
Scrapings  from  a  pan  in  which 
sowens  have  been  boiled.  Ruffians. 

We'd  sceape-greaces,  skeybells,  an  scruf. 
fins.  Anderson — CodbeckWeddin.  Stz.5. 

Scrufty,  ne.  (skr'UOFT.i)— When  a 
(generally)  big  lad  steals  the 
marbles  from  the  other  boys  play- 
ing he  shouts  scrufty.     r.w. 

A  youth  clearing  the  marble  ring  is 
spoken  of  as  playing  scrufty. 

Fireside  Crack.    1897.    p.  25. 

Scrunty,  nc.,  ne.— Greedy.  "Rare  " 
(J.  ar.).     See  Runty. 

We  say  to  a  niggardly  tradesman, "  Divent 
be  sae  scrunty." 

Fireside  Crack.     (1897).    p.  25. 

Scry,  c.  (skr'AAi) — Descry,  to  dis- 
cover ;  find  out. 

"Jemmy  skry't  'am  makkan  off  wid  his 

plunder." 

For  if  thoo  was  scry't,  in  a  helter  thoo'd 

swing.   Dickinson— Remains,  p.  219,  line  14. 
Scufter,  g.  (skuof.tthu'R')— Hurry, 

bustle,  scramble. 

"  He  com  in  sek  a  scufter  'at  he  fell  and 

brak  his  shins." 

T'  lads  then  mead  a  rush  throo  t'  dike, 

an'  theear  was  sec  a  scufter  alang  that 

Emmelton  boddem. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  80,  line  8. 

He  tuk't   intill  his  heed  to  give  them  a 

general  scufter. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  11.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


— To  hurry,  to  run,  scramble. 

Scufterin  along  through  the  long  grass 
or  "  bracken  "  beds,  they  (badgers)  might 
be  easily  mistaken  for  a  litter  of  young 
pigs.  Wrestling,    p.  239,  line  4. 

Scufterin,  g. — A  hurried  and  con- 
fused movement. 

Theerwas  sec  a  scuffterin  back  an  forret. 
Scoap.    p.  15,  line  6. 

Scug,  e.  (skug) — Shade.     Obs. 

— b.,  se. — To  shelter  under  a  hedge; 
to  hide. 

Scumnsh,  g.  (skuom.fish)— To  dis- 
able, to  put  down,  suffocate,  dis- 
comfit. 

We  war  varra  nar  scumfisht  wid  t'  reek 
fra  burnin'  whins  or  peat. 

W.C.T.X.     1894.    p.  18,  col.  1. 

Scunch,  c,  sw.,  ec,  E.  (skuonsh). 
Sconce,  c,  sw.  (skauns).  Scun- 
chen,  Ns. —  The  stone  or  brick 
reveal  of  a  door  or  window,    j.b. 

Scunner,  N.,  e.,  ne.  (skuon.U'R')  — 
Loathing,  horror  of;  something  to 
be  avoided. 
"  I  hed  a  scunner  o'  that  pleace." 

"A  disgrace,  and  scunner  of  ivry  dacent 
hoose." 

— To  loathe ;  to  disdain ;  to  have  a 
horror  of. 

An'  some   yen'd   thought    t've   brought 

down't  house 
About  them  waddent  skunner'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  43. 

Syne  til't  he  fell,  and  seem'd  right  yap, 
His  mealtith  quickly  up  to  gawp  ; 
Haff  done,  his  heart  began  to  scunner. 
Daft  Bargain.    Line  11. 

Scurl,  c,  e.,  nw.  (skuor'U'l).  Shurl, 
c,  Es.  Shirl,  c.  n.,  Ws.  (shur'U'l). 
Skirl,  ec,  sw.  (skur'l).  Scroo,  c, 
sw.  (skr'ioo).  Sliar,  n.  (sleeu'R') 
— A  slide,  especially  on  the  ice  ; 
the  act  of  sliding.     See  Skirl. 

Ther's  a  grand  shirl  on  t'  pond. 

Pen.  Obs.    May  17. 


278 


— To  slide,  to  cause  to  slide ;  sliar, 
more  especially  refers  to  sliding  on 
the  ice  in  clogs;  skirl,  (sw.)  to 
whirl ;  scurl,  (nw.)  to  slide  down 
as  from  the  top  of  a  stack. 

We  wanted  ta  shirl.      Pen.  Obs.    Dec.  28.    \ 
Ah  began  ten  skurrel  throo  t'  shilleys.    j 

Scoap.    p.  22,  line  9. 
Skurrle,  skurrle  thee  down. 

Clark — Seymon.  line  56. 
It  blew  fit  to  thraa  a  body  ooer,  or  skirl    J 
'em  round.       Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  6. 

Sourl'd  te  deeth,  w. — Very  much  j 
worried. 

Scurran-top. — A  peculiar  kind  of 
top,  formerly  used  at  a  game  called 
Scurran-Meggy,  which  was  much  in 
TOgue  in  Cumberland  during  the 
last  century.  Ferguson— Dialect,  p.  119. 

Scurrick,  e.,  sw.  (skuormk).  Scol- 
lick,  e.  (skaul.ik).  Scuddick— 
Words  used  to  denote  something 
of  the  very  lowest  value. 
"Nay,  I'll  nut  give  a  skurrick  mair." 

Scurry,  g.  (skuorm)  —  Bustling 
hurry. 

— To  scour  in  pursuit. 

They'd  hev   us  join   in,  to   skurry   an' 
help.     Dickinson — Remains,  p.  222,  line  1. 

Scush!    c.   (skuosh).      Skerse 
(skur's)  —  An    exclamation —   I 
"God's  curse."     See  Cush. 

Skerse  !  ah  think  that  fella  mun  hev  an    [ 
oald  horse  iv  his  trunk.    Scoap.  p.  13,  line  2. 

Scut,  g.  (skuot) — The  tail  of  a  hare 
or  rabbit ;  scud  ;  (a,  Ns.)  a  bustling 
run.     See  Car. 

His  cap,  oalas  deckt  eh  t'  frunt  wid  a 
hare  scut.  Scoap.    p.  3,  line  1. 

Scut,  g.  Scutter  (skuotth.U'R')— 
To  make  short  runs;  to  hurry 
away  as  mice  do.  (b.)  To  run 
without  drawing  attention. 
"  He  can  scut  and  run  gaily  fast  til  his 
dinner." 

We'd    aw    hed    eneugh,  seah    scuttert 
away.  W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  3. 


Scutage — A  fine  paid  in  money 
instead  of  personal  service  against 
the  Scots. 

Scuttle — A  frame  fitted  with  a 
sliding  door  for  the  regulation  of 
the  passage  of  air  in  a  coal  pit. 

R.W.M. 

Scutty,  c,  sw.,  e.  (skuot.i).  Cutty, 
K,  E.  (kuot.i)— Short,  small. 

Crop  doonstairs,  wid  nowt  on  barren  his 
cutty  sark.         W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.7,Coi.l. 

And  cleet-leaves   for  smoking   in  black 
scutty  pipes.      Cumbriana.  p.  245,  line  13. 

Sea  bent,  w. — The  sea-side  grasses 
— Piamma  arenariaf  or  Ammophila 
arundinacea,  growing  on  the  Bent 
hills  at  Maryport.     w.h. 

Seaf,  g.  (si a af)— Safe,  certain,  sure. 

"  It's  seaf  to  rain   o*  Sunday,  'cause  it 
rain't  o'  Friday" — a  belief  hardly  extinct. 

"  He's  seaf  to  be  droon't." 

Mead  ivverything  as  seaf  an'  secure  as 
we  could.      Richardson,  1st.   p.  20,  line  11. 

If  theer's  a  hard  job  aboot  this  hoose,  I'se 
SEAFEtogitit.    W.CT.X.  1895.  p.  13,  col.  4. 

Seag :   see  Mekkin. 

Sea  hawk :   see  Mackerel  hawk. 

Sea  hen,  nw.  Lump-fish — Lump- 
sucker  fish — CycloptcniK  lumptts. 

Fauna     p.  480. 

Seal  coer,  g.  Seal  crier,  a,  x., 
sw. — An  auctioneer.  Within  the 
present  century  it  was  customary 
for  the  parish  clerk  to  announce 
to  the  congregation  in  the  church- 
.win I.  after  the  service,  the  sales 
to  be  held  shortly ;  and  also  to 
offer  rewards  for  the  recovery  of 
stolen  goods  or  stray  rat  tie.  and 
other  notices. 

I'    Hi'    kurk    g&rth,  the  dark   caw't   his 
seale.      Anderson — ClayDaubin.   Stz.4. 

In  cuius  a  chap  will  a  skaal-co-er  bell  iv 
his  neif.  Scoaf.    p.  120,  line  10. 


279 


Seal  drink,  &. — The  liquor  handed 
round  at  a  sale  for  the  general 
refreshment ;  it  is  considered  mean 
to  go  only  for  the  drink,  and 
neither  to  bid  nor  buy.     J.  Ar. 

Sea-mo',  G.  (see-mau) — The  gull — 
Larus  canus. 
"  Sea-mo,  sea-mo,  bide  on  t'  sand, 

Theer  nivver  good  weather  when  thoo's 
on  t'  land."    Saying. 

Sea  moose,  g.  (moos).  Plover's 
page.  Plover's  provider, 
Alston. — Dunlin — IHnga  aljrina. 

Best  known  to  the  fisher-folk  as  sea-mice. 

Fauna,  p.  380,  line  16. 
The  name  of  Plover  provider  attaches 
to  the  Dunlin,  from  its  well-known  habit 
of  associating  with  the  Golden  Plover. 

Fauna,    p.  380,  line  17. 

Seang,  n.,  nw.  (siaang).  Swang, 
n.  Swaxige,  nw.  (swaanj)  — 
The  same  as  (c.)  Win'  row ; 
Swange  is  the  term  used  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Newton  Arlosh, 
and  includes  two  rows  with  the 
hollow  between  them  (Ellwood). 
See  Kest. 

Seang — To  rake  the  swathes  into 

a  SEANG. 

Sea  parrot — The  Puffin — Fratercula 
avctica. 

Sea  pellick,  g.  (pel.ik).  Sea 
bellek,  nw.  (bel.U'k)— Ringed 

plover— Mgialitis  kiaticuhts. 
Sea   pig,  G.  —  Porpoise  —  Phocena 

communis. 

Sea  swine  snurtan  and  spwortan. 

Scoap.    p.  201,  line  8. 

Sea  pink  :   see  Marsh  daisy. 

Seap't  sark,  g—  The  best  Sunday 
shirt,  Down  to  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century  common  wear- 
ing things  were  washed  with  the 
dung  of  hens  or  pigs  in  lieu  of  soap. 
They  dooant  happen  t'  hev  a  black  cwoat 
an  a  seaapt  sark  eh  ther  back. 

Scoap.    p.  215,  line  13. 


Sea  purse,  c,  b—  The  egg  of  the 
dogfish. 

Sea  pyet,   g.     Mussel  pecker — 

Oyster    catcher — Hcemato_pus    ostra- 
leg  us. 

Sea  robin  :   see  Bee  eater. 

Seat,  (siaat;  seettt)— The  summit 
— as  Bramley  Seat,  SEATOller,  etc. 
Usually  a  farm-house  on  the  lower 
slope  of  the  mountain,  with  a  right 
of  pasture  above,  and  the  rest  of 
the  farm  around ;  thus  we  have 
Seat  Robert  (Ferguson,    p.  48). 

— N.,  ne.  (seeu't)— To  hunt  the  hare 
to  her  seat  or  form ;  this  is  more 
often  used  than  quest. 

Seav  a  reak,  c.  (siaav-u'-r'iaak  ; 
R'AEK)— Said  of  one  who  has  failed 
in  his  endeavour. 
He  might  hev'  seaved  hissel  a  rake. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Feb.  14.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Seav  his  bacon,  g.  (iz  bae.kin) — 
— To  escape. 

T"  black  bull  hed  chessed  him  o'  doon  t' 
(An  nut  i'  fun  nur  laikin),         [clwose 

He  left  his  cwoat  i'  rags  in'  t'  dyke, 

An  nobbut  seavt  his  bacon.         S.D.B. 

Seav  o',  G. — A  contrivance  for  uti- 
lising candle  ends  ;  a  save-all ;  a 
niggardly  person. 

Sebbm  ways  for  Sunday,  to  look 
—  :  c.    Two  ways  for  Easter,  c. 

— Said  when  a  person  is  bewildered 
and  confounded  or  astonished. 
T  driver  leuckt  sebbm  ways  fer  Sunday 
when  he  gat  sec  a  salute  as  that. 

Scoap.    p.  4,  line  25. 

T'  pooar  fellah  sed  nowt,  bit  leuk't  two 
ways  for  Easter  Sunday. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  152,  line  12. 

Seccan,  g.  (sek.U'n).  SicCan,  n., 
sw.  (sik.U'n) — Such. 

"  Sekkan  a  fellow  he  is." 

She  was  ower  young  then  for  siccan  like 
wark.        Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  27,  line  5. 


•280 


Seckera  :  see  Yan. 

Seeah,  c.  (seea)— See  yon !  Attend ! 

Seed,  G.  (seed)— Saw  ;  did  see. 
I  gat  sec  a  breakfast  as  I  niver  seed  i'  my 
time.    Gibson — Joe  and  Geolo.  p.  4,  line  24. 

Seed-fire,  G.— The  fire  under  the 
drying  (oat)  kiln,  made  with  the 
husks  of  dried  oats. 

Seed  sheet,  c— A  sheet  folded  round 
the  waist,  forming  a  pocket  in  front 
wherein  the  sower  puts  the  seed- 
corn  that  he  is  about  to  sow. 

See  howe  !  G.— The  note  (dwelling 
on  the  first  syllable)  given  on  dis- 
covering a  hare  in  her  form,     (b.) 
See-how't — pursued. 
He'd  dreamt  'at  he  was  "Huntin'  Fox," 

An'  sea  wi'  snuffs  an'  sneevels 
Rair't   out,  "  See  howw  !  yeow  !  yeow  ! 

yeow!"      Lonsdale — Upshot.  Stz.  34. 

Seein'  glass,  c.,k,e.,ne  —  A  mirror*. 

Breaking  a  seein'  glass  is  to  work  seven 
years'  -loss  to  ourselves. 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  29. 

Seek,  a,  Es.  n.  (seek)— To  bring. 
"  Seek  the  kye  heam." 

Their  phraseology  was  ambiguity  itself. 
"  Boilin'  th'  pot,"  "  seekin'  th'  milk,"  "  weal- 
in'  th'  taties." 

Fireside  Crack.   1897.   p.  23. 

Seek- wife,  G.— A  woman  confined 
in  child-bed. 

Seel :   see  Willy. 

Seesta,  c,  sw.  (see.staa).  Sista, 
Ns.,  e.  (sis-taa)— Look  ! 

,    Sista,  Reuben,  sista  ! 

Son  of  Hagar.    p.  6,  line  21. 
Sees'  t'e  Bella,  nay,  but,  see's  t'e. 

Gibson — Sannter,  Bella.    Stz.  2. 

Seet,  g.  (seet)— Sight ;  "  get  seet 
of" — get  a  glimpse  of,  to  see. 

I  want  to  get  sight  of  him. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    I.    p.  61. 


Seeter,  c,  sw.,  e.  (see.tthu'R') — A 
worn  or  frayed  place  in  a  garment. 
(The  coat)  hed  nowder  crack  ner  seeter 
in  't.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  24. 

Seety,  c,  sw.,  e.  (see.ti).  Seeghty, 
n.  (seegh.ti)— Far  seeing,prudent. 

Seeve,  g.  (seev).  Seeav,  s.,  ne.,  e., 
sw.  (seeu'v).  Resh,  g.  (r-esh). 
Rus,  sw.  (ruos).  Rusk,  swr. 
(r'uosk)  — The  Common  Rush— 

Juncus  conglomeratic*  and  effusus  are 

Seeves,  and  it  is  of  the  first  that 
rushlights  and  seevy  caps  were 
made.  The  Hard  Rush — J.gUmem 
is  known  by  the  name  Resh  as  is 
also  J.  rffusus ;  the  Hard  Rush  is 
used  for  thatching. 
She's  streyt  as  a  resh,  an  as  reed  as  a 
rwose.        Anderson — Elizabeth.    Stz.  3. 

Then  dadged  we  to  the  bog  owr  meadows 

dree, 
To  plet  a  sword  and  seevy  cap  for  thee ; 
Set  off  with  seevy  cap  and  seevy  sword 
My  Cursty  luik'd  as  great  as  any  lword. 
Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  10. 

Stannin'  aboot  six  foot  four,  an'  straight 
as  a  seeve,  an'  as  Strang  as  a  bull. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  1. 

Seevy  cap,  g. — A  tall  conical  cap 
made  of  the  rush,  worn  as  a  play- 
thing by  children.     See  above. 

Seg,  g.  (seg)— A  callosity  on  the 
hand  or  foot.  Also  (ne.)  a  wether 
sheep.  "Very  scarce"  (R.W.).  See 
Tup  seg. 

My  hands  were  broon  an'  hard  wi'  segs  ; 

I  guess  thy  tender  skin  wad  peel 
To  deu  't.         Yance-a-Year.   p.  16,  line  9. 

Seg,  c,  nw.  Heg,  e.— To  set  on 
edge. 

I  know  of  nothing  that  will  seg  your  teeth 
as  green  sloes  will.    D.H. 

Seggin :   see  Mekkin. 

Seggy,  c.  sw.(seg.i)— Hard,  callous, 
applied  to  the  skin.     See  Skelly. 


281 


Segt,  g. — Hands  and  feet  are  said  to 
be  sbg't  when  callosities  have 
formed  on  them. 

Semple,  G.  (sem.pu'l)  —  The  con- 
trary of  "gentle."  "  Gentle  and 
semple  "  in  station  and  degree  are 
the  people  of  quality  and  the 
commonalty. 

Sennat,  c,  ws,  N.,  e.  (sen.itt)  — 
Seven-night ;  a  week. 

Serious,  g.  (see.riu's).     Seerous, 

.  no.  (see.R'U's).     Sarious,   sw. 

(sae.riu's) — Remarkable ;  very. 

"  It's  a  sarious  fine  day."  "  Ey,  it's 
sarious  net." 

Tommy  Towman's  a  meast  serious  leear. 
Gibson — T  Reets.    p.  6,  line  1. 

The  home  of  many  a  snipe,  and  "  a 
serious  place  for  ducks." 

Fauna,    p.  102,  line  15. 

Serra :   see  Sarra. 

Sessions,  make  of —  :  G.  (saesh.- 
U'Nz)  —  To  punish  severely  ;  to 
destroy,  pull  to  pieces ;  to  "  make 
a  mess  of." 

"  If  you  don't  call  that  dog  off,  he'll  soon 
make  sessions  of  whatever  it  is  he's  got 
hold  of." 

Thoo's  mead  a  bonny  sessions  on't — 
you've  utterly  spoilt  it.      S.D.B. 

Set,  g.  (set)— The  cut  of  a  potato 
to  be  planted.  A  cubical  block 
of  granite  used  for  paving  streets 
instead  of  cobbles,  (sw.)  A  jack 
for  lifting  the  axletree  of  a  car- 
riage when  washing  the  wheels. 
Vanity,  equivalent  to  "  cockiness" 
or  "  side."  A  difficult  task. 
"  Theer  customers  hev  a  terrable  set  wi' 
them." 

He'll  be  seur  to  turn  up  like  an  old  set, 
amang  the  laal  spuds,  sound  as  a  bell. 

Mayroyd.    p.  5,  line  4. 

F —  W —  SETT-maker. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  June  23.    p.  5,  col.  6. 


Ah  hed  a  sair  set  to  bring  him  up  and  to 
carry  on  wi'  nobbut  mysel'  to  keep  things 
gannin'.         Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  203,  line  5. 

—To  (1)  appoint,  fix ;  (2)  plant;  (3) 
equal ;  (4)  escort,  accompany  ;  (5) 
suffer,  allow  ;  (6)  nauseate. 
"  Set  (1)  a  day."    "  If  he  can't  bang  thee, 
he  can  (3)  set  thee." 

"  She  fell  asleep  and  (5)  set  t'  fire  oot." 

"  It  was  seah  nasty,  it  was  fit  to  (6)  set 
a  dog." 

Wid  t'  farms  weel  (1)  set  ...  I  wad  like 

to  see  t'  fellow  'at  wad  laugh  at  oor  Wiff. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  25,  line  2. 

Grace  helped  Aggy  and  Elcy  to  (1)  set 
the  table  and  put  on  the  "  snack." 

Lizzie  Lorton.    p.  279,  line  3. 

Bob  Punsunby  was  t'  queerest  fella  ta  be 
a  shoemakker  at  ivver  was  (1)  set  t' 
trade.  W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  10,  col.  4. 

A  smo'  lock  o'  taties  will  hev  to  be  (2)  set, 
In  lazy-bed  fashion  I  trow. 

Cumbriana.    p.  244,  line  5. 

We  grew  quite  thick,  an'  beath  agreet 
At  I  sud  (4)  set  her  heam. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  66,  line  2. 

Set  aboot,  g. — To  spread  a  report. 

Set  a  feas,  g. — To  grin,  make  ugly 
faces.  At  rustic  sports,  a  prize 
(generally  tobacco)  was  occasion- 
ally given  for  grinning  through  a 
horse-collar. 

T'  durty,  nasty  lal  jackenyaps  was  settin' 
feaces  at  his  granfadder. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  86,  line  1. 

A  pack  of  strange  fools  through  a  collar 

do  GRIN. 

Lonsdale — Giggledown  Fair.    Stz.  3. 

Set  by,  G. — To  hold  in  esteem. 
"  He's  girtly  set  by  hereaway." 

I've  heeard  a  deal  o'  fine  toke  about  t' 
pleass,  sartenly  ;  but  for  my  part  I  set 
nowte  be  't.       Forness  Folk.   p. 64,  line 3. 


282 


Set  doon,  g.— A  rebuke. 

"  She  gave  him  a  good  set  doon." 

— To  rebuke. 

But  Jobby  . . .  set  her  down  as  he  always 
did,  and  told  her  she  was  aye  maundering 
aboot  some  daftness. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  203,  line  9,  13. 

Sethera  :  see  Yan. 

Set  on,  g. — Short  in  growth  (cattle 
and  trees).. 

— To  employ. 

"  He  set  me  on  to  work  in  t'  garden." 

Set  pot,  g. — A  boiler  set  or  fixed — 
not  movable  on  the  fire.  See  also 
Shank  pan. 

Ale  was  warmed  in  a  kail-pot  or  set-pot. 
W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Set  tail't ;  Cock  tail't,  g. — Having 
the  tail  nicked.  Obs.  A  cocktail 
is  also  one  which  is  not  quite 
thoroughbred ;  fig.,  an  underbred 
fellow. 
Crop-eared  horses  with  set  tails. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  138,  line  16. 

What  cudsta  leuk  for  ?  he's  nobbut  a 
cocktail  anyways.      J.  Ar. 

Setten  in,  g. — Set  in ;  long  un- 
washed. 

"  Fairly  setten  in  wi'  dirt." 

Settle,  g.  (set.U'l).  Screen,  c,  e. 
(skreen) — A  wooden  sofa  having 
a  box  below  the  seat.  See  Swab. 
He  found  a  man  named  H —  sitting 
drunk  on  a  settle. 

C.  Patr.  1894,  Nov.  30.  p.  3,  col.  3. 
"  She  fell  down,  and  it  took  three  of  them 
to  hold  her  on  the  settle."  The  Judge  : 
"  On  what  ?  "  Defendant :  "  On  the  swab." 
C.  Patr.  1895,  Feb.  8.  p.  3,  col.  7. 
It  hed  a  bit  of  a  skemmel  eh  t'  back  just 
t'  seaam  as  oor  oald  kitchin  screen. 

Scoap.    p.  36,  line  21. 

Settle  steans,  g.  not  sw-  The  curb- 
stones in  a  cow-house. 


Set  to,  g.— A  fight,  attack. 

Mrs  S —  struck  her  first  and  they  both 
had  a  set  to. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  2.    p.  8,  col.  3. 

—To  attack,  fight. 

Set  up,  G.  —  Conceited  ;  (e.)  an 
expression  of  contempt  for  an 
assuming  person ;  set  him  up  !  you 
exclaim  when  a  person  wants 
anything  outrageous  (A.C.). 
Set  her  up  for  a  prood  hizzy  ! 

Rise  of  River,    p.  260,  line  6. 

Seugh  :  see  So  we. 

Seun  an'  seyne,  g.— Soon  and  late. 

Sewe :  see  Su. 

Sewer's  abscess,  w. — A  corruption 
of  Psoas  abscess.     Dr  fanson. 

Sey,  c,  K,  NW.  (saei)— Sey  oot  is  to 
stretch  ;  sey  in  is  to  shrink. 
When  t'  brutches  was  sooa  strait  yan 
couldn't  struddle  in  them,  he  wad  tell  us 
they  war  oa  reet,  at  they  wad  sey  oot, 
sey  oot  ;  an  when  they  happent  teh  be 
sooa  girt  at  beaath  legs  wad  a  geaan 
inteh  yan,  .  .  .  t'  ower-wurd  wid  em  was 
still  at  they  wad  sey  in,  sey  in. 

Scoap.    p.  69,  line  17. 

Seymie,  nw.-  Used  of  any  ill- 
natured,  twisted  fellow.  Ellwood. 
(nw).  Untidy  in  dress;  slovenly 
in  gait  (J.H.).  (nc.)  An  effeminate 
weakling  (man) ;  also  a  woman 
who  affects  an  extravagant  de- 
licacy of  refinement,  and  has  a 
whining  lachrymose  manner  (j.ar.). 
Sometimes  used  adjectively. 
Than  Wry-gobb'd  Seymie  neest  meead  a 
lang  speech. 

Anderson — Kursmass  Eve.    Stz.  8. 

Shab  off,  G.— To  sneak  away;  to 
leave  in  disgrace. 

Shackle,  c,  E.,  sw.  (shaak.ux). 
Sheckle,  g.  not  sw.  (shek.ux)— 
The  iron  (formerly  a  willow)  ring 
which  slides  up  a  cow's  restle. 


283 


Shaff,  G.  (shaaf).  Sheaf,  nw. 
(shiaaf).  Sheeaf,  sw,  (sheeut) 
—Sheaf. 

Turned  up  a  shaff  whoar  he  hed  a  cut 
nicely  laid  afoorhand. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Sept.  7.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  bind  a  sheaf. 

"  He  tell't  twea  on  'em  't  gang  inta  't  lo' 
field  an'  shaff." 

Shaf,  G.  not  sw.  (shaaf).  Shaugh, 
sw.  (shaagh)  —  An  expression 
denoting  contempt. 

.  "Shaff  o?  thee  fadder!"  says  she. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  28,  line  15. 

But  shaugh  !   what   if  thar  teymes  be 
geane. 

Stagg — New  Year's  Epistle.    Stz.  23. 

Shaffl.es,  g.(shaaf.u'lz).  Snaffles, 
SpaffL.es,   Spraffl.es. — A  washy 
weak-legged  creature. 
Bit  noo  theer'  nowt  bit  swashy  tea, 
Na  wonder  fwok  sud  warsent  be, 
Fair  snafflins  they'll  be  still. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  31,  line  10. 

Thoo  durty,  drukken  sprafflin  ! 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  76,  line  14. 

This  Elbra  woman  was  fairly  driven  till 

her  wits  en'  with  a  greaceless  snaffles. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.     p.  10,  col.  2. 

Mayhap  ye'll  ask  yon  shaffles,  yer  father. 
Shadow  of  a  Crime,     p.  152,  line  17. 

Let  t'  pooar  spaffles  gang. 

SCOAP.     p.  137,  line  U. 

Shag,  g.  (shaag) — A  slice  of  bread, 
a  round  of  the  loaf ;  when  covered 
with  brown  soft  sugar,  treacle,  or 
butter,  it  is  called  a  treacle,  sugar, 
or  butter  shag.   See  Thoom  Shag. 

He  wad  eat  nowte  bit  treacle  shags. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  29.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

But  gie  them  furst  a  butter-SHAG, 
When  young,  they  munnet  want. 
Anderson — Happy  Family.    Stz.  3. 

Shagrag,  g.  (shaag.R'Ag).  Tag- 
rag. — A  mean  person;  a  vaga- 
bond. 


Shairn  :   see  Scarn. 

Shakky  doon,  g.  (shaak.i).     Sha- 
key  d. ,  ne.  (shek.i)  —  A  make- 
shift bed  on  the  floor. 
She  made  up  a  shakey  for  some  of  them. 
W.C.T.     1899,  Ap.  22.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

Shaks,  G.  (shaaks)  —  "Nea  girt 
shaks  " — nothing  to  boast  of. 

Arch  was  a  varra  good  leevan  man  .  .  . 
Bit  that  man  iv  his  was  neah  girt  shaks, 
ah  seunn  fand  oot.        Scoap.    p.  78,  line  2. 

Shak'  t'  bull-ring,  g. — The  ring 
remained  in  the  market  place  for 
many  years  after  bull-baiting  was 
discontinued,  and  that  to  shak'  t' 
bull-ring  was  reckoned  an  act  of 
daring.  It  was  the  same  as  throw- 
ing down  the  glove. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  2,  line  1. 
Then  he  wad  shek  the  bull-ring,  an  brag 

the  heale  town 
An  to  feght,  run,  or  russle,  he  pat  down 
a  crown. 
Anderson — Matthew  Macree.    Stz.  4. 

Shaktly,  c,  e.,  nw.  (shaakt.li). 
Shakly,  ne.      Ramshackle,   E. 

— Shaken  ;   of  loose  construction. 

Shalary :  see  Mountain  Throssel. 
Shallock,  ec.  (shaal.U'k)— A  slice. 

Shally  wally  !  G. — An  expression 
of  contempt. 

O'  fortunes  great  my  Ded  oft  tells, 
But  I  cry  shally-wally. 

Relph — Brand  New  Ballat.    Stz.  2. 
Shammel :  see  Shawle. 

Shan  dry-dan,  G.  (shaanddh.rt- 
daan) — A  light  cart  on  springs, 
with  the  seat  suspended  from 
davits  at  the  side.  Shandry  is  now 
applied  to  the  "  Whitechapel." 

In  their  shandry  sat  she  waitin'. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  5. 

Shangle,    g.   (shaang.U'l) —  To 
fasten  a  tin  can  to  the  tail  of  a 
dog  and  then  set  him  free. 
He  shott  off  heame  as  flate  as  a  shangelt 
dog.  C.  Pacq.   1893,  Ap.  20.    p.  6,  col.  1. 


284 


Shank  pan,  g.  Stoke  pan. — A 
small  pan  having  a  long  handle. 
The  graduation  according  to  size 
is :  laal  pan,  shank  pan,  bule  pan, 
iron  ub'n,  keal  pot,  set  pot,  brass 
pan — the  last  named  being  a  large 
vessel  used  when  the  killed  pig 
was  to  be  scalded,  and  dressed, 
the  birch  or  sycamore  wine  to  be 
made ;  or,  formerly,  the  home- 
made web  bouked. 
They  were  pot  in  a  shanky  pan  to  boil. 

C.  Pacq.  1893,  May  25.  p.  6,  col.  2. 
Bring  on  a  stoke  pan  an'  boil  us  haaf  a 
duzen  eggs.    J.H. 

Shankum  naggum,  g.   Shanky 

naggy. — The  legs  ;  on  foot. 
"He  rides  on  shankum  naggctm." 

"Noo"  she  sed,  addressin'  her  shanks, 
"  cum  on  ye  pooar  oald  stiffen't  shankem's 
pownies."      Betty  Wilson,   p.  160,  line  11. 

Shanky-naggy's  nearly  out  o'  fashun  now. 
Forness  Folk.    p.  3,  line  6. 

Shap,  c.  (shaap)— The  nose.     See 
also  in  Preface. 

WTid  a  neive  like  a  neaf,  an'  a  feace  like 

a  moon,  [up-o'. 

An'  a  shap,  standin'  up,  like  a  tee-tak- 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,    p.  137,  line  7. 

Shap,  c,  e.  (shaap).     Sheap,  sw. 

(SHIAAP).      Shep,  N.,  E.  (SHEP)  — 

To  shape,  offer,  set  about ;  to  re- 
semble. "How  does  he  shap?" — 
how  is  he  likely  to  do ;  is  he  a 
promising  workman  ? 
They're  shappin'  to  gang  heame  wid  empty 
pockets.  Gibson,    p.  197. 

Aw  three  .  .  .  began  to  throw  watter 
through  t'  window  yacanful  efter  anudder, 
that  fast,  'at  we  war  shappin'  to  be  fairly 
droon't  oot.    Richardson,  1st.  p.22,line6. 

He  was  shept,  aw  the  warl  leyke  a  trippet. 
Anderson — Bundles  o v  Oddities.  Stz.  2. 

For  Tom,  he's  tnock-tnee'd,  wi'  twee  girt 

ass-buird  feet;   God  help  tem  he  sheps 

leyke. 

Anderson — Elizabeth  Burth-day.    Stz.  3. 


Shape,  G.  (shaep)— The  vulva  of 
animals. 

The  sow  was  bleeding  both  at  the  head 
and  shoulders  and  the  shape. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  5.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Snaps,  G.  (shaaps)  —  Very  light 
grain ;  grain  only  in  shape. 

Sham  :    see  Scarn. 

Sharp,  g.  (shaart)— Quick, active; 
cold,  frosty. 
"Be  sharp,  lads!" 
"  It's  coald  th'  neet,  and  th'  wind's  varra 

SHARP." 

As  sharp  as  leetnin. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  76,  line  17. 

Buyers  were  present  in  large  numbers  . .  . 
and  a  sharp  trade  was  experienced. 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Ap.  28.   p.  2,  col.  1. 

Sharpin'  corn,  Smith  corn,  ne. — 
Corn 'formerly  given  to  smiths  for 
sharping  the  plough  irons. 

Sharpin'  sickle,  c,  Ws.,n.  Slape  s. , 
c.  Sharpin'  heuk,  c. — A  reaping 
hook,  a  sickle  without  teeth. 
Teuthed  sickles  were  in  vogue  .  .  .  when 
t'  sharpin'  heuks  com'  in  there  was  a 
laal  bit  spare  time. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Sharp  thistle,  c,  sw.  Cworn  t. , 
EC,  sw.— Creeping  Plume,  or  Field 
Thistle— Cni chs  arvensit, 

Shaw :  see  Scaw. 

Shawle,   c,  Es.,  nw.   (shauwl). 
Shammel,  c, n., sw.  (shaam.ul) 
— To  walk  in  a  shuffling  manner ; 
saunter;  idle  about. 
"He's  a  shawlan  ill-geattit  thing." 

Drinkin',  shoolin',  aidlin'  nowt. 

Richardson.   2nd.    p.  42,  line  3. 

At  psalm  times  used  to  totter  out  of  his 
square  box  under  the  reading-desk  and 
shool  down  the  nave. 

Lizzie  Lorton.     I.   p.  11. 

He  shawld  a  courtin'  every  winter  neet. 
Graham — Gwordy.    line  22. 


285 


She,  her. — When  used  by  a  man  as 
it  sometimes  used  to  be,  this 
feminine  personal  pronoun  gene- 
rally implies  irony.    T.E. 

Shear,  g.  (sheeu'R') — The  act  of 
reaping,  harvest. 

"A  green  shear  's  as  bad  as  a  shak" — 
this  saying  has  reference  to  oats,  and 
implies  that  it  is  often  as  bad  to  be  too 
early  as  too  late. 

— To  reap  with  the  sickle. 

Now  shearin',  and  bin-din',  and  stookin' 
is  rife.  Cumbriana.     p.  250,  line  1. 

Shear,  c.,e.,sw.(sheeu'R';  shiaar'). 
Shwor,  N.  (shwaur') — Reaped. 

At  the  deail-heed  unluckily  we  shear. 
Relph — Harvest,     p.  2,  line  5. 

But  hay-teyme  owr  an'  harvest  com', 
Shek  reype  an'  ready  to  be  shworne. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  18.    j 

Shear-bittit :    see   Lug   mark.  — 

Having  the  end  of  the  ear  cut  to   | 
a  point. 

Shearer,  g.  (shee.ru'R')— One  who 
reaps  corn  with  the  sickle. 
Oh !  man,  aboot  harvest  sec  jwokes  we  oft 

hed, 
When  whinbobs  an'  hollins  we  pot  into 

bed; 
An'  than  we  wad  lissen  hoo  t'  shearers 
wad  shoot. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  139,  line  9. 

Shedder :   see  Kipper. 
Sheep  rot :    see  Rot  girse. 

Sheep   steul,    g.      Sheep   furm, 

(s.  fuor'm).  Cratch,  sw.,  se. 
(kr'AACh) — A  concavely  curved 
frame  on  which  sheep  are  laid  for 
salving,  or  clipping. 

Sheep  syme,  c,  EC,  E.,  Ws.— A  straw 
rope  hung  round  a  sheep's  neck, 
including  a  foreleg,  to  prevent  it 
leaping  fences,  (ne.)  A  rope  set 
on  the  top  of  a  stone  dyke  to  keep 
the  sheep  from  climbing  over  (R.w.). 

Sheers  :   see  Sidders  in  Preface. 


Shek  a  leg,  k— To  dance. 

I've  offeh  shek't  a  leg  wi'  thee, 
But,  now,  I'se  aw  wheyte  wrang. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  2. 

Shek  ripe,  G.— Thoroughly  ripe  so 
that  the  grains  fall  out  when  the 
heads  of  corn  are  shaken. 

Shek  reype  an'  ready  to  be  shworne. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  18. 

Shelcock  :  see  Mountain  Thros- 
sel. 

Sheldraker,  c.  (sheld.r'iaak.U'R'). 
Skeldraker,  c.  Shield-raker,  c. 
— The  town's  scavenger  appointed 
by  the  Borough  Bailiff  of  Cocker- 
mouth,  who  was  nominated  by  the 
Lord  of  the  Manor,     j.b. 

Shells  :   see  Skellduck. 

Shelly.  Skelly,  c,  e.,  nw.,  nc. 
(skel.i).  Scaly,  sw.  (skae.li)— A 
thinly  made  animal ;  (sw.)  a  tall 
thin  person.     See  Shilly. 

— sw.— Thin,  slender  (r.k.)  ;  (nc.) 
mean  and  stingy  (J.  Ar.). 

Shelter- stick,  c,  nw. — Slang  for 
umbrella. 

He  was  gaan  stawp'n  aboot  Carel  hiring 
wid  t'  shelter-stick  under  his  airm.    J.H. 

Shelvins,  Skelvins,  Shilbins, 
Skilbins :   see  Skilvins. 

Shemmel't :   see  Swennt. 

Shep,  g. — The  familiar  contraction 
for  shepherd. 

The  late  arrival  of  this  or  that  shep,  with 
his  contribution  of  strayed  sheep. 

Rawnsley.    p.  171,  line  11. 

Shepherd's  Beuk,  or  Guide,  c,  E., 
se.  Smit  B. — A  book  wherein 
are  recorded  and  depicted  the 
ownery  marks  put  on  Fell  sheep 
for  the  better  identifying  of  strays 
at  the  annual  Shepherds'  Feast. 
This  book  was  first  compiled  and 
published  by  Joseph  Walker  in 
1817  ;  the  flocks  therein  referred 
to  belonged  rather  to  the  eastern 


286 


division  of  the  county.  At  what 
appears  to  be  a  slightly  later  date, 
a  second  book  was  printed  at 
Penrith,  and  includes  a  wider 
extent  of  country  reaching  from 
Patterdale  to  Eskdale  and  Wast- 
dale  Head.  The  latest  Guide  for 
the  West  was  printed  at  Ulverston, 
1849,  and  includes  the  names  of 
1,000  owners.  Fells.  See  Lug 
mark. 

Shepherds'  Feast,  c. — A  dinner  at 
which  the  fell-shepherds  assemble, 
bringing  with  them  any  strayed 
sheep  which  have  been  found  on 
their  heafs.  That  Feast  takes 
place  at  Thirlspot  one  year  to 
accommodate  the  shepherds  on 
the  west  side  of  Helvellyn,  and  at 
Dockray,  in  Matterdale,  the  other 
year,  for  the  convenience  of  the 
men  who  live  on  the  east  side. 
The  Feast  is  fixed  for  the  first 
Thursday  after  old  Martinmas,  to- 
wards the  latter  part  of  November. 
But  there  are  two  other  meetings 
of  the  shepherds,  on  the  first 
Monday  after  the  20th  July,  on 
Stybarrow  Dodd,  and  on  the  first 
Monday  in  October  in  Mosedale 
Ghyll,  and  to  these  meetings  the 
stray  sheep  that  have  been  found 
are  brought.  Rawnsley.    p.  164. 

Shepherd's  purse :   see  Hen  Pen. 

Shepster,  sw.  —  Starling  —  Sturnus 
vulgaris. 

Sheun,  g.  (shuon  ;  shiuon)— Shoes ; 
oald  sheun — former  and  discarded 
lover. 

Does  t'e  think  I'll  tak  up  wid  Ann  Dixon's 
oald  sheun  ? 

Gibson — Jwohnny,  git  oot.    Stz.  7. 

Sheyle,    n.   (shaeil)— To   grin   or 
pull  an  ugly  face. 
A'  you  'at  smudge  at  merry  teales, 
Or  at  devarshon  sheyle. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  1. 


It  is  a  usual  thing  in  an  agricultural 
field  to  hear  the  expression  used  to  a  boy 
or  lad  by  an  elder  who  has  caught  him 
making  faces  at  him,  "I'll  smack  thy  lug, 
thou  nasty  sheyling  beggar,"  or  "  What 
is  ta  sheyling  at  ?  " 

C.  Jr.    No.  7282,  Local  Jottings. 
Shiar :   see  Skeer. 

Shielding,  a  Sheeling.— A  hut 
on  the  moor  or  fell-side  for  the  use 
of  shepherds. 

He  left  the  little  shielding  behind  him. 
Rise  of  River,    p.  187,  line  13. 

Shiers :   see  Chiers. 

Shift,  g.  Skift,  c,  sw.,  ec.  (skift) 
— To  shift,  remove ;  to  change 
one's  clothes,  ''he's  away  gitten 

hiSSel   SHIFTED  "    (J.  AR.). 

Shifty,  g.  (shif.ti) — Apt  at  con- 
trivance. 

Shill,  g.  (shil)— Cold,  chill. 

She  leeves  in  a  SHiLL-house,  burns  whins 
an  sticks.  Anderson — Grizzy.    Stz.  5. 

Shillapple :   see  Scop. 

Shilly,  c,  e.,  sw.  (shil.i).  Shilla, 
sw.  (shil.U').  Shelly,  n.  (shelj) 
— Shore  gravel;  a  pebble,  small 
water-washed  stone.  The  plural 
is  applied  more  especially  to  the 
bed  of  gravel.  See  Shelly. 
Rough  heap  o'  grags  an'  shilly  beds. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  14,  line  6. 
Ah  began  teh  skurrel  throo  t'  shilleys, 
an  rowl  ower  an  ower  amang  t'  screes. 

Scoap.     p.  22,  line  9. 
Playin'  wid  some  shillies  in  his  hand. 

W.C.T.  1899,  June  17.  p.  7,  col.  3. 
He  hed  to  waad  knee  deep  in  t'  tide  ooer 
t'  shilla.       Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  10. 

Shilty:   see  Scop. 

Shin :   see  Speel. 

Shindy,  g.  (shind.i).  Shine,  Cs.,  E., 
sw.  (shaain).  Shin,  c,  b.,  e., 
sw.  (shin)— A  disturbance,  row, 
quarrel.  "Kick  up  a  shindy" — to 
make  a  disturbance. 


287 


"  T  measter  com'  in  and  kicked  up  sec  a 

SHINE." 

Thoo  needn't  mek  sec  a  shine  aboot  it. 

C.  Jr.    1897,  May  4.    Local  Jottings,    j 
T'  man  was  swober,  an'  we  want  neah 
shindies.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  48. 

Makin  shin  o'  the  quantity  at  hed  gone 
ower  tull't  girt  majority. 

W.C.T.X.     1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

Shinny,  c,  N.,  nw.  (shiki).  Shinty, 
c.  Scabskew,  c.,n.,sw.  (skaab.- 
skioo).  Cabsha,  n.  (kaab.shaa). 
Catty,  sw.  nw.,  ec.  (kaat.i). 
Scabsha,  c,  sw.,  e.  (skaab.shaa) 
The  game  of  hockey ;  also  the 
crooked-ended  stick  used  in  the  [ 
game.  See  Buckstick. 
Shinny's  weel  aneuf  if  shins  were  seaf. 

Gibson — Old  Saying,    p.  197.    j 

It  was  nobbut  a  knockle  doon  at  rakkups,    ] 

an  up-an-dooner  at  shinny. 

Scoap.     p.  2,  line  IS. 

Leaping,  foot-ball,  catty,  wrestling. 

Gilpin— Songs,  III.    p.  115,  line  7. 

Shin  up  :   see  Speel. 

Shippen,  sw.  (ship.U'n).    Shup'm, 
(shuop.U'm) — A  cowhouse. 

In  dure,  out  o'  dure, 

r  shuppen,  field,  an'  yard. 

Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.    Bigg's  T'auld 
Man.    p.  142,  line  10. 
The  meeting  should  take  place   in   the 
granary  over  the  stables  and  shippon. 

Mayroyd,  II.    p.  84,  line  1. 

Shirk,  g.  (shur'k)— A  slippery  cha- 
racter. 

Shirl,  Shurl :  see  Scurl. 

Shive,   g.  (shaaiv).     Slysh,  sw. 
(slaaish) — A  slice. 

"  Cut  thysel  a  shyve  o'  cheese  an'  breed 
an'  eat  it  as  thou  gangs." 
Toasted  shives  of  bread  cut  into  little 
slices.      W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

— To  cut,  slice. 

T'   lan'lady  brings   a   leaf  o'  breed,  an' 
shives  it  up  seah  nice. 

W.C.T.X.   1893.    p.  7,  col.  4. 


Shivver,  c.  (shiv.U'R').  Skiwer 
(skiv.U'R') — A  slaty  waste,  debris. 

Shocking,  G. — Frequently  used  by 
old  fashioned  people  by  way  of  em- 
phasis, implying  "very,"  "much." 

A  shockin'  thrang  kirk.    J.N. 

Shoddy  bands,  g. — Cords  used  by 
shepherds  to  fasten  the  legs  of 
sheep  when  undergoing  the  pro- 
cess of  clipping.  They  are  usually 
kept  bound  round  the  shears  when 
not  in  use. 

Theear  was  sarks,  an  stockins,  an'  spats, 
an  shoddy-bands,  an  shears. 

SCOAP.     p.  11,  line  5. 

Shoe,  nw.(shoo) — To  catch  shrimps 
with  a  shoe  or  bag-net. 

Is  ta  gan  ta  't  low  watter  te  shoe?    H.T. 

Shoe  cappin,  G. — A  patch  of  leather 
on  the  toe  of  a  shoe. 

Shoe  the  horse;  Unshoe  the 
horse,  c. — The  fern  Moonwort — 
Bot  rycli  i urn  luna ria. 

Shog,  N.  (shaug) — A  vertical  shak- 
ing of  the  knee. 

—  G. — To  shake  up  and  down. 

"He's  shoggan'  wi'  fat." 

'Twas    neither    heck    nor   gee,    As    the 
fiddler  shog'd  his  knee. 

Lonsdale — Last  Martinmas.    Stz.  2. 

Shog  bog,  g.  Totter,  not  ne. 
(tautth.U'r-  baug.)  Foz  bog,  c, 
sw.,  b.  (fauz-).  Snug  bog,  e. 
(shuog) — A  quaking  morass. 
Ah  hard  it  begginnan  teh  mak  a  noise 
like  that  ooar  oald  meear  feet  dud  when 
she  gat  intull  a  shog-bog  en  t'  lo  meeda. 
Scoap.    p.  226,  line  1. 

Shoo !  g.  (shoo).  Hishoo !  (ishoo.) 
— Terms  used  when  driving  away 

fowls. 

I  gev  a  laal  bit  iv  a  shoo,  an'  theer  was 
sek  a  hay-bay  as  ye  niver  hard  i'  yer  life ! 
Richardson,  1st     p.  72,  line  10. 

She  shoo'd  it  (hen)   away,  but  it  came 
back.      W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  5,  col.  1. 


288 


Shooder  fish ;  Monk  fish.,  w. — 
Angler  fish — Lophims  pitcatorius. 

Fauna. 

Shooder  spoal'd,  g.  (shoo.ddhu'R' 
spault)  —  Having  the  shoulder 
partially  dislocated,  or  "slipped." 

Shooder  spoale,c.,NC.,Ws.  S.  spaw, 

N.  (spau)— Shoulder  blade. 

Shool  web,  n. — The  blade  of  a 
shovel  or  spade. 

Shoop  :   see  Choop. 

Shoot — Coal-mining  term  for  blast- 
ing (r.w.m.)  ;  see  Brush. 

Shorpen,  e.  (shau.rtu'n) —  To 
shrivel  leather  or  other  substance 
by  heat. 

Short,  c.,e.,sw.(shaurt  ;  shwaurt). 
Shwort,  n.  (shwaurt)— Crumb- 
ly like  a  rich  cake ;  peevish. 

Short  bread,  Gh — Similar  to  that 
made  in  Scotland,  except  that  it  is 
rolled  out  thinner ;  formerly  made 
on  the  girdle,  covered  over  whilst 
cooking,  but  now  generally  in  an 

Oven.     Miss  N.  Armstrong. 

Short  keak,  G. — At  fairs  in  Cum- 
berland there  are  oblong  squares 
made  of  very  flakey  puff  paste ;  in 
the  centre  is  put  about  a  dessert- 
spoonful of  currants,  and  a  cover 
of  pastry  is  put  on  the  top.    Miss 

N.  Armstrong. 

Wi'  feyne  shwort  KEAKES,ayfrae  the  fair 
Beath  pockets  cramm'd  wad  be. 
Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.   Stz.  5. 

Shorten,  g.  (shau.rtu'n) — To  put 
a  child  into  a  short  dress  for  the 
first  time. 

Short'nin',E.(sHAU.RTNiN)- Butter, 
fat  or  dripping  used  in  pastry. 

Short  o'  leet,  a,  nw.— Light  of  wit. 

Short  tongue't ,  G.— Said  of  one  who 
lisps. 


Shot,  g.  (shaut)— A  half-grown 
swine;  the  share  of  a  bill  at  an 
inn.  (nc.)  A  sudden  attack  of 
illness  or  disease. 

Shotts,  30s.  to  48s. ;   young  pigs,  21s.  to 
28.9.         C.  Patr.   1894,  Mar.  30.   p.  2,  col.  3. 

An'  taks  drinks  gaily  free  when  anudder 
chap  pays  for  't, 
But  wi'  n't  stand  his  share  iv  a  shot 
like  a  man. 
Gibson — Ned  o'  Keswick.    Stz.  5. 
A  shot  of  rheumatics.      J.  Ar. 

— Quit;  rid  of. 

Hey  howe !  fairly  shot  on  her  ! 
Buried  his  wife  and  danc't  atop  on  her. 

Old  Song. 
It  came  to  plaintiffs  knowledge  that  the 
defendant  was  getting  shot  of  the  manure. 
He  promised  not  to  make  shot  of  the 
manure. 

C.  Patr.    1893,  Oct.  20.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Shot  ice,  g.  not  n.  Cat  ice,  nc. — 
Ice  resting  on  the  ground,  or  from 
under  which  the  water  has  gone. 

Shot  sheep  or  cattle,  Shots,  g. 
Shot  lambs,  n.,  e.— The  refuse; 
the  leavings;  the  worst.  See 
Crobs. 

For  shott  ewes  there  was  an  increase  in 
price.  C.  Patr.  '  1894,  Oct.  19.   p.  2,  col.  3. 

Shotts  from  Thursby,  73s.  6d. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Jan.  20.    p.  2,  col.  3. 

Shottelt,  n.  (shaut.utt)— Warped ; 
out  of  truth. 

Shrailicock :   see  Shellcock. 

Shreak :   see  G-lead. 

Shrite  :   see  Mountain  throssel. 

Shrosies,  b.  (shr'Xus.iz) —  White 
sweet  cakes. 

Shudder,  c,  sw.,  ne.  (shuoddh.U'r*) 

A  fall  of  earth ;  a  sudden  decline 

in  markets.    Of.  Slidder. 

Theer's  been  a  girt  shcdder  at  Milthrop. 

Dickinson.    1859. 


289 


—  To  fall  suddenly,  especially  of 
market  prices.  To  slide,  as  when 
a  bank  of  earth  or  gravel  slides 
down. 

T"  grave  he  was  makken  shuddert  in  on 
him.    S.D.B. 

Shuffle ;    Shuffle   and   cut,   G.— 

Steps  in  old-fashioned  dancing. 
"  To  dance  Peggy  "  was  a  simple  shuffle. 

J.B. 

Shug  bog  :   see  Shog  bog. 

Shuggy :   see  Swey. 

Shurdavine,  b.  (shur'.du'Vaein) — 
A  short  and  fat  person. 

Shut,  g.  (shuot)— A  violent  purg- 
ing. 

— To  shoot ;  to  discard  the  worst  of 
sheep  or  cattle  from  a  drove. 
Wait !   Nay,  tak'  mair  time,  I  pray  the' — 
Shuttin'  frae  yan  like  a  dart. 

Gibson — Sannter,  Bella.    Stz.  3. 

Shutten,  g.  (shuot.u'n) — Shot,  has 
shot. 

"  Yon  fellow's  shutten  a  hare." 

That  black-puddin'  was  what  thoo  hed 
verra  nar  been  shutten  wid. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  91,  line  4. 

Shuttle- gobbed,  g. — Hog  or  parrot- 

[  mouthed ;  when  by  reason  of  ab- 

normal length  of  the  upper  jaw 
it  projects  over  the  lower. 
One  class  of  sheep  enjoyed  almost  entire 
immunity  from  the  disease  (Fluke), name- 
ly, those  known  as  "hog-mouthed,"  "par- 
rot-mouthed," and  shuttle-gobbed. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Feb.  24.    p.  6,  col.  7. 

Shwor :   see  Shear. 

Sib,  N.  (sib) — Akin,  seldom  used. 

Siccan :   see  Seccan. 

Sicker,  n.  (sik.U'R') — Careful,  safe, 
reliable. 

"  He's  a  varra  sicker  body." 
Lang  streek'd  owr  the  clean  heath-steane, 
The  lads  their  sicker  station  tuik. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  15. 
T 


Sidder- grinder,  (nw.  siddh.- 
U'R'-gr'UONDDH.U'R')— Grasshopper 
Warbler  (G.D.)  —  Locustella  nwvia. 
Also  Girse-hopper  Lark  (H.M.). 

Siddick,  nw.  (sid.ik)— Portions  of 
the  Abbey  Holme  coast  are  pro- 
tected from  the  sea  by  a  siddick  or 
sea-dyke. 

Side,  G. — The  slope  of  a  hill;  a 
district ;  as  a  place-name,  in  the 
sense  of  a  settlement  as  AnnasiDE, 
OughtersiDE. 

I'd  leev't  doon  i'  t'  low  side  o'  Cumberland 
aw  my  life.    Richardson,  1st.   p.  107,  line  3. 
Our  seyde  lads  er  aw  meade  up  ov  fun. 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.    Stz.  3. 

— To  decide  ;  to  put  things  away. 
We  set  to  wark  an'  sidit  t'  scheul  as  weel 
as  we  could.   Richardson,  1st.  p.  23,  line  12. 

Allowing  herself  just  sufficient  margin 
to  side  things  away  before  William  tapped 
at  the  window.    W.C.T.H.   1894.   p.  1,  col.  3. 

Side,  n.  (saaid).  Seyde,  nw. 
(saeid) — When  a  skirt  or  gown 
is  too  long  it  is  said  to  be  "  varra 
seyde."     Not  much  used  now. 

Side-bank,  g. — Sloping  land. 

Side-boards,  g.  —  Movable  boards 
to  set  up  on  the  sides  of  carts. 

Sidement,  g.  (saai.dmu'nt) — A 
putting  of  things  into  their  proper 
places. 

"  We  nobbet  skiftit  here  this  week,  an' 
hes  n't  gitten  a  sidement  yit." 

Sideways,  G.  (saai.dwu's) — A  side- 
wise  movement. 

Sidins,  n.  (saei.dinz).     Sidlins,  e. 
— In  the  neighbourhood ;  (e.)  along- 
side. 
"He's  gean  to  t'  sidins  o'Caarel." 

Sidle,    g.  (saai.du'l) — A  sidewise 
movement. 
An  wheyle  they  skew't  and  tew't,  and 

swat, 
Wa  monny  a  weeary  seydle. 

Lonsdale — The  Upshot.     Stz.  15. 


290 


— To  saunter ;  to  approach  sidewise 
or  obliquely  in  a  fawning  or  coax- 
ing manner. 

Aid  Bramthet  sidelt  up  till  amang  t' 
gentlemen. 
Gibson — Bannasyde  Cairns,  p.  69,  line  1. 

Stickin'  his  hands  in  his  pockets  an'  sidelin 
off.        C.  Pacq.     1893,  Dec.  14.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Sight,  G.  (saait) — A  great  number 
or  quantity. 

It  was  a  gurt  draw  shop  for  a   syte  o' 
fwoke.  W.C.T.X.     1897.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Sile  trees  (saeil-)— The  timber 
roof-blades  of  a  thatched  clay  house. 
The  lower  ends  were  placed  on  a 
dwarf  wall,  and  being  of  curved 
oak  the  upper  end,s  met  at  the 
ridge,  and  when  erected  they  re- 
sembled a  pair  of  whale's  jaws. 

Sill,  G.  (sil) — The  soft  clay  of  the 
coal  measures,  used  for  slate  pen- 
cils, which  are  called  (w.)  sill 
pencils.     The  floor  of  a  coal  seam. 

(R.W.M.). 

He  telt  us  oalas  teh  clap  t'  point  of  ooar 

sill  pencils  on  ivery  figure. 

Scoap.    p.  113,  line  9. 

A  crusher  used  for  crushing  sill. 

W.C.T.     1898,  Oct.  8.     p.  3,  col.  1. 

Sillican,  g.  (sil.iku'n)— A  simple- 
ton. 

Silly,  n.  (sil.i) — A  term  of  sympathy 
or  respectful  endearment. 
"He's  nobbet  hed  peer  luck,  silly  man." 

I  niver  strack  her;   silly  thing! 
'Twas  hard  we  twee  sud  part. 

Anderson — The  Peet-Cadger.  Stz.  11. 

Silver  plover,  n. — The  gray  plover 
Squatarola helvetica:  "seldom seen." 

Sind,  g.  (sind) — To  rinse ;  to  drink 
immediately  after  eating. 
"  An'  sind  it  doon  wi'  geud  stran  yal." 
Old  Song. 

An'  to  clear  him  o'  dirt  they  wad  sind  him ; 
They  poo'd  him  through  t'  watter. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  197,  line  3. 


Singan  hinny,  c.,b.,e.,n.,nw.  (sing.- 
U'N  hin.i)— This  girdle  cake  is  made 
of  wheat  flour,  currants,  cream 
and  a  little  bi-carbonate  of  soda ; 
the  dough  is  well  rolled  and  then 
baked  on  both  sides.  It  is  very 
light  and  about  f-inch  thick. 
Ah  set  t'  gurdel  on  till  t'  fire,  an'  began 
ta  mak  a  singin'  hinny. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  11,  line  8. 

Sista  :   see  Seesta. 
Sitten,  g.  (sit.U'n) — Sat. 

Is  I  to  sell  t'  chair  fray  anonder  her  'at 
she's  sitten  on  for  forty  year  ? 

Gibson — Yan  o'  t'  Elect,   p.  131,  line  14. 

Sitten  land,  nw,  sw.— Grass  land 
where  the  soil  is  stiff  and  unpro- 
ductive through  want  of  cultiva- 
tion. 

Sitten  to  t'  bottom,  g. — Burnt  in 
the  pan. 

Sit  teum :   see  Run  teum. 

Sittin'  up,  G. — A  custom  something 
like  the  "  bundling  "  of  Wales,  when 
two  lovers  sit  up  together  through 
the  night  in  the  dark,  generally 
lying  in  bed,  both  dressed.  See 
Rig  reap. 

On   reaching  her  habitation,  he  gives  a 
gentle  tap  at  the  window  of  her  cham- 
ber, at    which   signal   she   immediately 
rises,  dresses  herself,  and  proceeds  with 
all  possible  silence  to  the  door,  which 
she  gently  opens  .  .  .  Next  the  courtship 
commences,  previously  to  which  the  fire 
is  darkened  or  extinguished.  ...  In  this 
dark  and  uncomfortable  situation. .  .  they 
remain  till  the  advance  of  day. 
That  varra  seame  neet,  up  to  Barbary's 
house, 
When  awt'aul  fwokwerliggin  asleep; 
I  off  wi'  my  clogs,  an  as  whisht  as  a  mouse, 
Clavert  up  to  the  window. 
Anderson — Note  3  and  Barbary  Bell. 
Stz.  7. 

The  custom  being  for  the  lad  to  sit  up 
with  the  lass.    W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  6,  col.  2. 


291 


Sizel,   G.  (saai.zu'l)— To  saunter ; 
trifle. 
We  war  syzelen  aboot  t'  streets. 

Scoap.    p.  295,  line  12. 

Skeafe  ;  Skeape  :  see  Hammer- 
bleat. 

Skeal,  g.  (skiaal)— A  scale ;  shed 
or  building  on  the  fell  side,  in 
which  peats  are  housed.  In  com- 
bination as  a  place-name,  as  Scale- 
hill,  Lowscales,  WiriscALEs.  See 
Scale. 

.  When  it  was  putten  en  t'  skeaals  it 
kick't  t'  beam.  Scoap.    p.  226,  line  2. 

Skeate  gob,  nw, — A  term  of  re- 
proach at  times  applied  to  the  in- 
habitants of  Allonby,  by  those 
further  up  the  coast. 

Skeel :    see  Hanny. 

Skeelings  :   see  G-roats. 

Skeer,  sw.  (skeer').  Scower, 
skauw.U'R') — Gravel  or  small  peb- 
bles. A  place  where  cockles  are 
gathered.         lake  country.  App.  i. 

Skeer,  c.,sw.(skeer').  Skiar,  c,  sw.   : 
(skaai.U'R').    Shiar,  nw.(shaal- 
U'R') — To  skim  ;  pour  off  from  the   j 
settlings. 

Skeery,  g.  (skee.rj).  Skary,  c,  I 
nw.  n.   (skae.r'i)  ■*-  Wild,   feary, 

nervous. 

A  bonnie  filly  but  rayder  skairy.    J.H. 

Skeevs,  b.(skeevz) — Broken  pieces 
of  the  stems  of  flax  not  sufficient- 
ly dressed. 
"A  skeevy  rockful." 

Skelduck,  g.  Shells,  nw.  (shelz). 
Stockannet,  w  (stauk.aanut). 
Skelly,  nw.  (skel.i).  Borrow 
duck,  c.  (baur.U'  duok)  —The 
Sheldrake — Tadorna  cor  nut  <i. 

Skelled,  c,  ne.  (skelt)  — Twisted  | 
out  of  shape. 

Skelly,  w. — A  mineral  found  in  the  ! 
slates  and  coal-slates,  and  is  pro-  j 
bably  the  same  as  Black  Jack. 

T2 


Skelly  (skel.i).  Chevin  (chevin).. 
Seggy>  W.— The  Chub— Leusicus 
cejyhalus  in  the  Eden,  Esk  and  other 
rivers.  In  the  Petteril  the  Dace 
(L.  vulgaris)  is  thus  called  (J.  Ar.). 
(c.)  The  Gwyniad  found  in  Ulls- 
water  and  other  lakes,  sometimes 
called  the  Freshwater  Herring— 
Qyregonm  dupe  oleics.  The  Chub  or 
Chevin  is  now  extinct  in  Ullswater 
(W.H.).     See  Skellduck,  Shelly. 

Mr  —  moved  that  tfrey  no  longer  employ 
a  man  to  kill  skellies,  but  that  the  mem- 
bers devote  one  week  to  a  competition  in 
skelly  catching. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Feb.  16.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Skelly,  nc.  (skel.i) — A  squint,  j.  ar. 

A  rough  lookin  chap,  wid  a  terrible  skelly 
on  him.    J.  Ar. 

— To  squint. 

Skelly-eyed,  w.,  ne. — Having  a 

squint-eye. 

Skelp,  g.  (skelp)— A  blow  with  the 
flat  of  the  hand  ;  any  rapid  action. 
See  Skelpin'. 

I  am  better  in  lodgings  than  at  your 
house,  getting  fratched  every  time  I  go 
in  or  else  a  skelp  on  the  nose. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  12.    p.  2,  col.  7. 

Bit  let  him  a  legacy  git,  an'  than  watch 
Hoo  he'll  gang  up  three  steps  at  a 

SKELP. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  104,  line  7. 

— To  beat  with  the  flat  of  the  hand. 
Leap  or  run  with  great  strides  ; 
act  or  move  energetically. 

"He  skelp*t  ower  t'  dykes  an'  sowes  like 
a  mad  greyhoon'." 

A  skelp  ower  t'  end  'at  was.myad  for 

skelpin'.      W.C.T.   1899,  May  27.   p.  4,  col.  6. 

Joe  .  .  .  skelps  doon  (writes  rapidly  in 

the  will)  t'  drawers  an' t'  clock  till  Maggie. 

■  Betty  Wilson,    p.  21,  line  4. 

Stark'd  mother  neak'd  theysKELp'D  about. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  40. 

They  skelp  and  skail  the  scatt'ring  swathe. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.    Stz.  17. 


292 


Skelper,  G.  (skelp.U'R')  —  A  large  j 

one. 

• 

Skelpin,   Gh     Skelp.  —  A   beating  j 
with  the  flat  of  the  hand ;    this  j 
refers  as  a  rule  to  the   chastise-  | 
ment  of  a  child  on  the  posteriors. 
Thool  git  tha'  skelps  if  tha  duzzent  haud 
tha'  tungue.    J.  Ar. 

A  bad  lad  gits  a  skelpin'. 

W.C.T.    1899.     p.  4,  col.  6. 

Skelter,   g.  (skeltth.U'R')  —  An 
open,  free,  slashing  gait ;  a  hasty  . 
retreat. 

—To  beat  a  hasty  retreat,  run  hur- 
riedly. 

He  went  skelteren  down  that  bit  of  a 
broo.  W.C.T.X.   1893.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Skemmel,  G.  (skem.U'l)— A  form  or 
long  seat  without  a  back,  used  in 
a  farm-house  kitchen. 
A  swort  of  a  bincli,  at  as  a  thing  atween 
a  three-leggt  steull  an  a  skemmel. 

SCOAP.     p.  198,  line  4. 

Skemmel-legged :  see  Key-leg- 
ged. 

Sken  :  see  Glee. 

Skensmadam,  c.  (skens.maad.um) 
— A  mock  dish  set  upon  the  table 
for  show. 

It  was  well  .  .  .  that  there  had  been  no 
skensmadams  or  "  who  may  says  "  (mock 
.  dishes  set  up  for  show)  among  the  cakes 
and  cold  meats  set  forth. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  164,  line  5. 

Skep,  G.  (skep) — A  circular  basket 
of  straw  or  rushes ;  a  beehive. 
Some  ope  not  belonging  to  the  house  had 
to  go  to  the  bee  skeps  as  soon  as  the  death 
occurred  and  tap  three  times,  and  tell  the 
bees  of  the  death . 

W.C.T.X.    18£2.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Sker :   see  Scar. 

Skewball,  g.  (skioo.ba.ul) — Said  of 
a  horse  which  is  coloured  chestnut 
or  bay  and  white,  whilst  pieball  is 


black  and  white.     A  person  who 
sings  skewball,  sings  without  time 
or  tune. 
Skiander ,  c,  nw.(skee-a  an.ddhu*r) 
—A  threat,    h.t. 

— c,  e. — To  reproach  severely  ;   to 
scold  ;  (sw.,  c.)  scatter. 
Art  tryin'  to  skiander  me  like  yon  saucy 
baggish.      Shadow  of  Crime,   p.  152,  line  5. 

Skiar :   see  Skeer. 

Skidy,  c.  (skid.i)— Thin,  slender. 

Skilly,  n.  (skil.i)— Skilful ;  having 
skill. 
"  He's  gay  an'  skilly  at  his  trade." 

Skilvins ,  g.  (skil. vinz).  Shelvins , 
c,  sw.  (shel.vinz).  Skelvins, 
(skel.vinz).  Shilvins,  n..  BW. 
(shilv.inz).  Skilbins,  sw.  (skil.- 
binz).  Shilbinz,  sw.— Boards  or 
frames  to  raise  the  cart  sides. 

T"  oald  car  was  a  far  wankler  consarn  ner 
Beaany.    T  skelvins  was  oa  brokken. 

SCOAP.     p.  217,  line  18. 

Spokes,  shelving  sides  and  Bars. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  25.    p.  1,  col.  4. 

Skin  woo'  :  see  Fo-en  woo'. 

Skipjack,  g.  (skip-jaak)— The 
merry-thought  of  a  goose;  a  dandy- 
fied fellow.  A  beetle— Athoiix  hemor- 
rhoidal is  h&d'vittatu*,  which  when 
laid  on-  its  back,  recovers  its  feet 
by  a  sudden  spring ;  it  is  also 
called  Cracky-back,  but  this  name 
probably  refers  only  to  A,  vittatui. 

Yan  o'  them  skipjacks  o'  fellows   at    ye 
see  weearin'  a  lal  jacket. 

Gibson — T  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  8. 

Skipper,  sw. :  see  Jumper. 

Skirl,    c,  sw.   (skuorx) ;    x>..    E. 

(sku.R'U'l) — A  scream,  screech. 
— To  screech ;  obsolesc.  in  sw. 

Ah'll  mak  this  laddie  skiki.. 

Rise  OF  River,    p.  161,  line  11. 

Skit,  g. (skit)— A  satirical  reflection. 

Ah  wadnt  be  tormentit  wid  their  BOOTS 
enny  langer.  Scoap.    p.  9.  Mm  '>'■ 


293 


— To  asperse  by  innuendo,  cast  re- 
flections upon ;  make  game  of ;  to 
make  light  of.  To  shew  annoy- 
ance. 

She  skitted  on  receiving  orders  from  his 
wife.  W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  29.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

L —  skitted  at  him,  and  tantalised  him 
to  strike  her. 

W.C  T.    189S,  Nov.  26.    p.  7,  col.  4. 

Skite,  g.  (ska ait)— Diarrhoea  in 
calves,  etc.  "  Tak  t'  skite  "  — 
hurry  away,  be  quick. 

"  Hook  it  heame  as  fast  as  yeh  can  lick  ; 
.  .  .  Tak  thi  skite,  an'  leuk  slippy. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  11,  col.  3. 

A  cow  when  newly  turned  out  to  grass 
is  skitit.      J.B. 

Skitter — To  be  in  a  purging  state. 

"  A  skitteren  coo  seun  fins  anudder  " — 
said  of  a  wanton  woman. 

Skitter-hips,  nw,  '  sw.  Cat- 
thighed,  nw.— A  term  applied  to 
a  beast  which  has  wasted  or  lost 
flesh  by  some  ailment  such  as 
'scour';  the  thighs  become  thin 
and  emaciated,     j.h. 


Skivver,  c. 
perse  by 
Shivver. 


Shivver,  n. — To  dis- 
force ;    punish.       See 


Skrike  o'  day,  e  —  Break  of  day. 

Skybel,  n.,  nw.,  sw.  (skaei.bu'l). 
— A  good-for-nothing  person ;  also 
(n,  nw.)  an  oak  twig  which  is 
not  worth  the  cost  of  peeling. 

In  lots  there  were  helter-neek  scybles 
fraeCarel.   Rayson — Bruff  Reaces.  St'z.2. 

Skyfa :   see  Scrimpy. 

Slaata :   see  Yan. 

Slab,  g.  (slaab)— The  outer  cut  of 
a  tree  when  sawn  up  into  planks. 

Larch  gate-wood  .  .  .  slabs,  etc. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  25.     p.  1,  col.  4. 

—a,  nc,  Ws—  To  smooth.  (Very 
rare.     W.H.). 


—a— Smooth,  soft. 

"  Slab  as  butter." 

It  (the  grave)  was  a  foot  and  a  half 
deeper  than  ordinary  .  \  .  with  slabbed 
walls  and  a  carefully  smoothed  ground- 
work.     Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  168,  line  3. 

Slab  stock— A  bar. of  wood  about 
four  inches  wide  under  which  the 
cloth  passed  to  the  " cloth  beam" 
of  a  hand-loom ;  its  purpose  was 
to  cause  the  cloth  'to  be  wound 
evenly  and  smoothly  on  to  the 
beam.  The  technical  terms  used 
by  the  hand- loom  weavers  are 
still  employed  for  the  power-loom. 
Hand-loom  weaving  is  now  quite 
extinct,  and  very  few  of  the 
weavers  are  alive. 

Slack,  g-.  (slaak) — A  shallow  dell. 
See  Hills. 

Then,  tarn-huntjng  teaches  the  relative 
position  of  places  almost  as  exactly  as  do 
the  mountain-tops,  leading  by  "  backs," 
and  "  shoulders,"  and  slacks  ...  to  half 
a  dozen  .  .  .  districts. 

Lake  Country,    p.  172,  line  6. 

And,  trace  of  swift  retaliation, 

They  say  is  left  in  Dead  Men's  slack. 
Echoes — Late  October.    Stz.  11. 

—Slow ;    loose,  hollow,  not  filled ; 
-  clepressed. 

'*  Slack  at  a  pinch  " — giving  way  when 
most  needed. 

"  Trade's  only  slack,  I  think,  Tommy." 
"  Slack,"  said  the  old  sexton,  "  it  is 
slack  ;  ah  hevn't  berrit  a  living  soul  this 
last  fortneth."   W.C.T.X.   1894.  p.  11,  col.  4. 

Sladder,  c,  sw.,  e.  (slaaddh.itr'). 
Slodder(SLAUDDH.U'R').  Sladder- 
ment.  Sludder,  nw.  (sluoddh.- 
U'R')— Mud,  filth,  mire ;  a  state  of 
hash  as  when  potatoes  are  boiled 
until  they  are  watter-jaw't. 
Turnips  'at  boils  ta  slodder — they've  o' 
gian  ta  mush. '       Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Mar  22. 


294 


Slafter,  a,  sw.,  e.  (slaaf.tthu'R-.). 
Slaghter,  n.  (slaaghtthu'r)— 
Slaughter :  the  aggregate  of  the 
hides  and  skins  taken  off  in  one 
establishment. 

"  Tanner    Tom's    bought    Butcher  .Bob 
slafter  for'a  heal  year." 

Slaggart,  c.  (slaag.U'Rt)  —  One 
who  loiters. 

Theer  still  a  few  slaggarts  to  saunter 
ahin'.  .  Cumbriana.    p.  249,  line  15. 

Slagger,  sw.  (slaag.U'R') —  De- 
scribes a  soft  sandy  place,  or  a 
soft  substance. 

—  c,  Ws.  —  To  loiter;  be  untidy. 
(n.,  sw.)  To  scatter. 

Slain,  sw.  (slaen) — Blight;  to 
blight  (obs.). 

Slaire,  e.,  n.,  nw.  (slaer')— Dirt. 

—  a,  sw.  —  To  saunter,  (n.,  sw.) 
To  be  careless. 

Yan  likes  ...  to  slare  whoar  t'  green 
hes  t'  Ropery  an'  t'  Shore  of  ayder  side. 
Gibson — Billy  Watson.    Stz.  3. 

Slairin',  g. — Careless,  slovenly. 
He  mun  be  a  sharp  worker,  but  he's  a 
slairin  walker.  Gibson,    p.  197. 

Slairy,  g.  (slae.R'i) — Nasty,  dirty, 
sticky;  untidy. 
Wi'  snaps  an'  gingerbread  galwore, 
Tho  neyce  fwoak  ca'd  them  slairy  ; 

Stagg — Bride  wain.    Stz.  45. 

Slaister,  ne.  (slae.stthu'R')  —  A 
man  who  is  lazy  or  slovenly  at 
his  work. 

— G. — Tk)  cut  up ;  to  disfigure ;  to 
beat  severely ;  to  scamp  work. 

Slaisterin',   G. — A    severe   beating 
which  produces  disfigurement. 
"He   gat   a  slaisterin'   when   he   fowt 
wi'  Jack." 

— Acting  in  an  untidy  mannner  ; 
untidy. 

"A  young  wife  offen  hes  a  slaistebin' 
w.iv  o'  deean  things." 


Slake,  c.  (slaek)— A  slight  rub- 
bing ;  a  smear  of  grease ;  an  ac- 
cumulation of  mud. 
"Let's  tak  slake  an'  slake  aboot  till  it's 
done." — Said  in  licking  out  a  treacle  pot. 
Gibson,    p.  197. 

Here's  six  an'  twenty  pund  o'  butter,  .  .  . 
thoo  wad  git  a  shilling  a  pund  for't  ivery 
slake.   Gibson— Bobby  Banks,  p.  16,  line  9. 

A  dozend  lile  dope  wha  guv  nobbut  a 
slut's  slake  ower  her  wark. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    III.    p.  33,  line  l. 

Bog,  slake,  and  mire,  all  had  the  same 
signification  once.       Fells,    p.  362,  line  2. 

— To  besmear,  bedaub  slightly.  To 
wipe  gently. 

Slammerkin,  nc.  (slaam.U'R'kin)— 
A  slatternly  woman.    J.  Ar. 

Slank:   see  Slinge. 

Slant,  g.(slaant).  Slent,  n.  (slent) 
— An  untruth. 

Mister  H —  sez  that  I  assume  at  nobbet 
dissenting  ministers  preach  without  pay, 
now  that's  rather  a  slant.   J.H. 

—To  tell  untruths. 

Slap-dash,  g.  (slaap.daash). 
Slab-dash,  c. — A  cheap  mode  of 
colouring  the  walls  of  a  room,  by 
means  of  a  brush  and  white  or 
colour  wash ;  said  of  anything 
done  in  a  cheap  or  hurried  manner; 
in  reckless  haste. 

— To  colour  walls,  etc.  in  a  rough 
manner.  (s,w.)  To  repair  holes 
in  a  wall  with  mortar  (r.k). 

Slape,  g.(slaep)— Slippery,  smooth. 
Stiddy,  t'  pony's  nut  sharp't,  an'  V  rwoada 
is  slape.       Betty  Wilson,    p.  147,  line  1. 

Slape-clogs,  g. — One  whose  word 
is  not  to  be  relied  on. 


He's  n< 


SI.AP1  -(MX. s 


This  peitswankysLAPECLOOS  coa's  liis-M-1 
a  guide.  Scoap.    p.  "M\  line  l. 


295 


Slape-fingert,  G  —  Guilty  of  pilfer- 
ing ;  apt  to  allow   things  to   fall 
out  of  the  hand. 
At  Skinburness  reaces  he  pick't  a  man's 

pocket — 
For  slape-finger'd  art  he  is  equall'd  by 
neane. 

Rayson — Charlie  M'Glen.    Stz.  3. 

Slape  guttit,  g. — Subject  to  attacks 
of  diarrhoea. 

Slape-haired,  g. — Smooth  coated 
(of  animals). 

They're  (cows)  aw  thur  girt  lang-legg't, 
SLAPE-hair't  beggars. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  62,  line  9. 

Slape  shod,  a — A  horse  is  slape 
shod  when  his  shoes  are  worn 
smooth. 

T'  pwoney's  slape  shod,  Nancy,  an'  mud 
easy  flee  doon. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  147,  line  10. 

Slape  sickle  :  see  Sliarpin  sickle. 

Slapper,  g.  (slaap.U'R')— Something 
large. 

Their  mouths  are  quite  weyde,  and  their 
tongues  are  girt  slappers. 

Rayson — Fell-side  Beauties.    Stz.  1. 

Slappin',  g— Tall  and  large. 

A  girt  slappin'  chap  stands  aboon  six  foot 
in  his  stockin'-feet. 

Forness  Folk,    p.  47,  line  7. 

Slasher,  swr.  (slaash.U'R') — A  long- 
handled  swatcher. 

Slashy,  g.  (slaash.i).  Clashy 
(klaashj)— Wet  and  dirty.  See 
Donky. 

"  Slashy  wedder,  maister,"  I  sed.     "  Ey, 
varra  clashy."  Forness  Folk.  p.  39,  line  11. 

S latch,  e.,  ec.  (slaach)— A  lazy 
vagabond  ;  a  term  of  reproach. 

Slatchin',  e.,  ec— Slovenly,  untidy, 
idle. 

Thy  cleaz  hings  slatchin'  fra  thy  shou'- 
ders  lean.    Gilpin — Poetry.  Roger. 

p.  205,  line  5.     \ 


Slates — Roofing  slates  were  former- 
ly named  as  follows,  beginning 
with  the  smallest  size  :  Langbecks, 
Langbeck  prick,  Scursum  or  Skus- 
sum  pricks,  Baseley  prick,  Whib- 
bett  or  Whippett,  and  Whibbett 
prick.  After  these  the  slates  were 
named  in  numbers  up  to  9  or  10. 
By  the  use  of  these  terms  a  trade 
secret  was  kept.    w.  e.  Mandle — 

Whitehaven  News.    1898,  Aug.  11. 

Slatter,  g.  (slaatth.u'R') — A  wet 
mess  on  a  table,  etc.     See  Oot. 

Wi'  taes  aw  sticking  through  my  shoes, 
I  weade  amang  the  slatter. 

Rayson — The  Drunkard.    Stz.  2. 

— To  spill,  slop. 

When  carryin'  heavy  buckets  he  used  to 

slatter  ower  ontill  his  nedder  garments. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  15.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Slatter  can,  b. — An  untidy  person. 

Slattery,  g.  (slaatth.U'R'i) — Wet, 

messy,  slovenly. 

T'  wedder  was  slattery,  t'  rwoads  was 

slashy. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  18,  line  15. 

Loup  ye  ower  t'  bogs  and  slattery  spots. 
Todhunter's.     p.  269,  line  1. 

Sleater :  see  Kirk  louse,  Win- 
nick. 

Sleatit,  G  (sliaat.it) — Said  of  fe- 
male attire  when  an  upper  gar- 
ment is  too  short  for  covering  an 
under  one. 

Sleat  off,  G. — To  have  a  sleat  off,  is 
to  be  somewhat  lunatic. 

Sleek,  g.  (sleck) — Very  small  coal. 

— To  slake  lime,  etc.  ;  to  quench,  to 
extinguish. 

Sleck  trough,  g, — A  blacksmith's 
cooling  trough. 

Sled,  g.  (sled)— A  sledge. 
Hay  is  taken  in  peat  sleds. 

Nature,    p.  125,  line  7. 


296 


— To  carry  on  a  sled. 

They  hes  to  sled  them  (peats)  doon  t' 
breest  by  hand. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  61,  line  6. 

Sledder,  c,  Ws.,  ne.  (sleddh.U'R'). 
Sledge  (slej) — To  saunter,  to  be 
slow  in  commencing  work,  to  walk 
lazily,  (b)  To  walk  about  in  shoes 
that  are  much  too  large. 
Sledder  about  and  smeuk. 

Cumbriana.    p.  236,  line  4. 

An  aad  fella  wos  sledderin'  alang. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  13,  line  14. 

Sledder  geggin,  c,  Ws.  (sleddh.- 
U'R'-geg.in) — A  sauntering  sloven- 
ly person. 

Sledderkin,  NW.    Sledders,  sw- 

One  who  is  slow  in  the  perform- 
ance of  a  duty,  who  lingers  on  a 
journey.  Sledderkin  applies  also  to 
the  slouching  gait  of  the  confirmed 
idler  (W.H.).  Cf.  Gake. 
Wor  hes  thoo  been  aw  this  time  thoo 

SLEDDERKIN   thOO  )    tllOO'S   a   fail*  SLEDDERS 

an'  niver  like  ta  git  back  woriver  thoo 
gangs  till.      Jos.  P. 

Sled  geat,  c. — The  track  down  the 
side  of  the  mountain,  formerly  used 
for  bringing  the  peats  down  on 
sledges  from  the  top  of  the  fells. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  184. 

Sleech,  nw.  (sleech).    Slitch.,  sw. 

(slich) — The  muddy  sediment  left 
by  the  tide  ;  silt.  When  the  salt 
industry  was  carried  on  on  Solway 
shores,  this  Avord  referred  to  a 
loose  and  porous  clayey  sand  which 
formed  natural  salt-beds,  present- 
ing a  surface  capable  of  retaining  a 
very  heavy  solution  of  salt  after 
being  covered  by  the  tide  (Solway. 

p.  44). 

Slem,  G.  (slem) — To  slight,  to  per- 
form carelessly. 

Slensh,  e.  (slensh) — An  idle  fellow. 

— c.  To  cleanse. 


Slent :   see  Slant. 

Sleuff,  b.,  NO.  (sliuof) — A  soft-bodied 
slug-like  creature,reputed  to  change 
into  a  cleg ;  it  is  about  one  inch 
long,  of  a  white  colour,  hiding 
among  the  roots  of  the  plants 
fringing  well-eyes  ;  it  is  used  by 
anglers  as  "bodies"  for  artificial 
moths  or  bustards  (w.h.).  Pro- 
bably the  larva  of  the  Daddy-long- 
legs (W.H.Y.). 

Sleuth-dog,  n.  (sliuoth)— The 
blood-hound. 

Wi'his  sleuth-dog  sits  in  his  watch  right 
sure. 

Gilpin — Songs.  Fray  of  Suport.   Stz.  9. 

Slew,  g.  (slioo)— To  turn  anything 
round  without  removing  it  from 
its  place,     (c.)  To  vault  with  one 
hand  (j.b.). 
"Slew  that  kist  roond  a  bit." 

Slew't,  g.  (slioot)— Partly  intoxi- 
cated. 

Yah  fair  day  Bill  hed  a  rare  time  on't,and 
as  usual  com  yearn  aboot  slewed. 

W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  5,  col.  4. 

Sliar  :   see  Scurl. 

Slid,  nc. — Sly.     j.n. 

Slidder,  c,  sw.,  e.  (sliddh.U'R'). 
Slither,  n.  (slidh-U'R')— The  slid- 
ing of  wet  earth.     Cf.  Shudder. 

— To  slip  down,  as  on  wet  ground. 
To  slip  or  slide  generally. 
A  high,  abrupt  shelf  of  strong  ice,  very 
dangerous  to  slidder  off. 

Gibson — Oxenfell  Dobby.  p.  91,  line  11. 

Nay,  nay,  my  lass,  ye  divn*t  slither  sae 
far !  Todhunter's.  p.  277,  line  7. 

Sliddery,  c,  sw.  (sliddh.uri). 
Slithery,  n.  (slidh.U'Ri) — Slip- 
pery. 

Used  to  call  him  a  "  daft,  slape,  slithery 
cuddy. '■  Lizzie  Lorton.   p.  103,  line  2. 

Sling,  g.  (sling) — To  move  by  long 
and  steady  strides. 
"  He  slings  ower'  t'  grund  at  a  girt  rate." 


297 


Slinge,  c,  E„  sw.  (slinj).  Slink, 
c,  N¥.,  n.  (slink) — To  walk  away 
abjectly ;  to  sneak. 

Away  I  sleeng'd,  to  Grandy  meade  my 
mean.  Relph — Harvest,   line  21. 

Slink,  c,  N.,  nw.  (slink).  Slonk,  c, 
sw.  Slenk,  e.  (slenk) — An  idle 
person ;  (n.)  one  who  is  ashamed 
of  himself. 

Thoo  belongs  t'  slonk  cloob.      R.K. 

Catch  a  slenk  o'  some  mack  in  a  mischief. 
Pen.  Obs.   Dec.  28. 

'  Leeaks-ta  at  yon  girt  slonk. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  37,  line  1. 

—To  idle  about. 

Slonken  aboot  frae  yan  spot  tul  anudder. 
Pen.  Obs.   1898,  May  3. 

Slink  beast,  c. — An  animal  that  is 
weak  and  feckless. 

Slink  cofe,  G.  not  e. — A  cast  or  pre- 
maturely-born calf. 

Slink-meat,  g. — Meat  which  is  un- 
fit for  food,  being  taken  from  an 
unhealthy  beast. 
Alleged  vendor  of  slink  meat, 

.      '  W.C.T.     1899,  Jan.  14.   p.  3,  col.  8. 

Slip,  G.  (slip)— A  child's  pinafore ; 
also  said  of  anything  small,  as  a 
slip  of  a  thing. 

She  was  only  a  slip  of  a  lass  of  sixteen. 
Todhunter's.   p.  260,  line  25. 

— To  slide ;  to  go  quickly  and  quietly. 
"  Slip  away  for  some  watter,  lass." 

Thu'd  better  slip  doon  an'  see  if  he  wants 
to  buy  any  mair. 

Gibson — T'Reets  on't.   p.  8,  line  18. 

Slipe,  c,  n.,  nw.  (slaaip).  Sleype, 
nw.  (slaeip) — An  old-fashioned 
desk  having  a  sloping  lid. 

— To  unroof  a  building,  to  abscond. 
To  convey  away ;  to  steal ;  to  pare ; 
to  sweep  off  hastily. 
"  Cush !    if  they  hev  n't  slipe't  my  geese 
agean ! " 

Thoo  mun  slype  a  shive  off 't. 

Pen.  Obs.   1893,  May  10. 


Slipe,  my  lad,  while  thou's  weel.  Slipe, 
I  say,  an'  let  neabody  see  the'  gang. 

Gibson,   p.  198. 

Here  are  the  pills  that  cure  all  ills, 
An'  sleype  off  ev'ry  evil. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  18. 

Slippey,  G.  (slip.i)— Slippery,  quick. 

"  Look  slippey  " — be  quick. 

"  Ah'll  hev  't  oppen  as  seune  as  ah  git  t' 
key."  "  Ay ;  an  leuke  slippy  ;  ah's  aboot 
starved."  W.C.T.X.    1891.   p.  7,  col.  2. 

Slitch :   see  Sleech. 

Slit  whol :   see  Arch  whol. 

Slive,  G.  (slaaiv) — To  cut,  split,  or 
slice.     To  dress  carelessly  (Halli- 

well). 

Threyce-happy  days  of  past  delight, 
'At  sliving  teyme  whurls  fast  away. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz,  2. 

"  Sliven  gangs  wud  t'  bait."     Proverb. 

A  garment  rumpled  up  about  any  part  of 
the  person  is  said  to  be  slived. 

Halliwell. 

Sloan,  n.  (slaun).  Slwone 
(slwaun) — Sly.  A  very  common 
word  in  this  neighbourhood  (Sol- 
port),  and  applied  to  any  person 
who  is  not  liked  or  is  a  little  lazy 
and  won't  work  cr.m.). 
He  is  a  great  muckle  sloon  gan  hingin 
aboot  the  hoose  for  just  his  meat.      R.M. 

Her  stepson,  when  he  was  a  boy, 
SLOAN-like  was  fed  wi'  bits  o'  scraps. 

Rayson — Squeeze  Crab.    Stz.  6. 

Slobber,  G.  (slaub.U'r) — To  weep 
noisily  and  with  many  tears. 
"  He  slobber't  an'  yool't  like  a  barn." 

Slocken,  g.  (slauk.U'n) — To  quench 
thirst,  to  slake  lime.     See  Sleek. 

Ha'e  ye  any  clippin'  drink  left  ?  No  ! 
Ha'e  ye  any  common  yall  ?  No  !  Ha'e 
ye  any  smo'  beer  ?  No !  Why  than, 
hang  it — ha'e  ye  any  pig-stuff  ?  I  mun 
be  slocken't  wi'  summat.    Gibson,   p.  198. 

Slodder :   see  Sladder. 


298 


Sloom,  a* not  E.  (sloom)— A  light 
sleep. 

—  To  doze,  sleep  lightly.  "  Just 
slooman  " — half  asleep. 

Oal'  Towler  yelpt  to  hear  my  fit, 
Fra'  sloomin'  quickly  roused. 

Lyrics — Peggy.    Stz.  4. 

Sloom,  c,  8W.  Loom,  e.  (loom) — 
The  slow  and  silent  motion  of  the 
water  of  a  deep  pool. 

— To  move  slowly  and  silently. 
It  goes  sloomino  quietly  down.      S.D.B. 

Slope  race,  w. — A  working  driven 
cross-cut  in  the  coal,  half-way 
between  the  level  course  and  the 
full  dip ;  it  is  thus  driven  so  as  to 
ease  the  gradient  for  the  horses. 

R.W.M. 

Slopper,  g.  (slaup.ur')  —  To  be- 
spatter. 

Slops,  g.  (slaups)— Fragments  left. 

Slopstean,  g.  (slaup-stu'n)— Sink- 
stone. 

Slorp,     G.    (SLAUR'P).       Slop,     B. 

(slaup) — The  noise  made  in  sup- 
ping with  a  spoon,  or  in  carelessly 
drinking  from  a  glass,  and  draw- 
ing in  air  at  thp  same  time. 

— To  make  the  noise  above  described. 
The  father  was  labouring  at  his  porridge 
and  milk  in  the  kitchen,  .  .  .  The  foal 
would  not  enter  the  passage  and  the  mare 
refused  to  go  without  it.  The  son  called 
out,  "  Slorp  easy,  fadder.  T'  meer  kens 
tha,  bit  t'  fwoal  dizzent." 

Cumbriana.    p.  223,  line  13.    I 

Slot,  g.  (slaut)— A  door  bolt  or  a  j 

wooden    crossbar.      Also    (c.)    a  i 

quarryman's   term   for  a  wedge-  I 

shaped  block  of  stone  in  situ;  a  j 
drainer's  term  for  a  fall  of  earth 
from  the  side  of  his  drain. 

Slotch,  <-..  Ws,  e.(slauch).  Slouch, 
n.,  ne.  (slauwch)— To  walk  heavily 
as  a  carthorse  does. 


Slouch,  g.  (slauwch)— A  blow 
delivered  clumsily. 

Slowdy,  c,  Ws.  (slauw.di)— Untidy. 

Slowmy,  G.  (slauw.mi)  —  Said  of 
soft  and  weak  straw  which  has 
been  laid  or  lodged  whilst  growing. 

Slug,    C,   W.,   NW,    NE.   (SLUOG)— TO 

give  a  severe  thrashing. 

Slugging,  c,  w.,  nw,  ne.  (sluog.in) 
— A  severe  beating. 

Slush,  g.  (sluosh).     Slushment. 
— Slops  ;  thin  mud  ;    half-melted 
snow ;  a  dirty  person. 
Watter  an'  soft  sand  o'  of  a  blushmkvt 

togidder.  Forness  Folk.    p.  B  ,  lim  % 

If  theer  war  just  three  fwok  left  in  a 
country,  theer  wad  be  t'  maister,  f  heid 
sarvant,  an'  t"  slush. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  187,  line  5. 
Slushy,  g.  (sluosh.i) — Dirty,  espe- 
cially from  mud. 

"  Rayder  slatt'ry  wark,  thattan."  "  Ey, 
slushy,  varra."  Forness  Folk.  p.  39,  line  12. 

Slutter,  g.  (sluotth.U'rO — To  eat 
in  a  noisy  manner  as  a  pig,  or  a 
duck  among  mud. 

Slutterment :   see  Sowderment. 

Slwote   (slwaut)  —  That   which 
slakes,  a  draft  of  liquor  (obs.). 
But  some  at  th'  Abbey  owr  a  quart 

Theirsells  to  slocken  'greed  ; 
Then  down   to  th'  Cwoate,  for  t'  other 

SLWOTE, 

They  gallop  yen  an'  a'. 

Stago — Bridewain.    Stzs.  7  and  8. 
— To  drink  heavily. 

An'  monie  jafflers  like  hissell, 
To  slwote  awheyle  at  th'  auld  Blue  Bell, 
Ae  wharte  fast  after  t*  other  follow'd. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,  p.  176,  line  8. 

Slysh  :   sec  Shive. 

Smack,  g.  (smaak) — A  blow  with 
the  open  hand ;  a  loud  sounding 
kiss. 

I  coddelt  her  clwose,  and  gave  her  many 
a  smack.  Clark— Sevmon.    line  61. 


299 


— To  deliver  a  smack  ;  kiss  noisily. 

He  threatened  to  smack  his  daughter's 
face.         C.  Pate.   1895,  Nov.  1.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

A  sweeter  pair  were  never  smack'd  by  me. 
Clark — Roger,   p.  176. 

"He  ran  down  like  smack" — he  ran  down 
very  quickly. 

Smasher,  g.  (smaash.U'R') —  Any- 
thing large  and  powerful. 

Smatch,  G.  (smaach) — A  smatter- 
ing. 

"He'd  a  smatch  of  o'  things  and  was 
clever  at  nin." 

Smeer  (smeer') — Clover. 

"  Among  the  names  of  plants  we  have  .  .  . 
smere  .  .  .  clover,  .  .  .  which  is  nearly 
obsolete."    Ferguson,  p.  125.  (Not known). 

Smelter,  c,  w.,  ne.  (smeltth.u'R')— 
To  melt,  applied  only  to  metals. 
Stagg  uses  it  in  the  sense  of  a 
capacity  for  liquids. 
Each  was  at  a  slwote  a  smelter. 
Smith— Stagg's  Tom  Knott,    p.  179,  line  9. 

Smit,  g.  (smit).  Ruddle,  a,  e.,sw. 
(r'UOD.ut) — The  coloured  mark  of 
ownery  put  upon  sheep  ;  each  smit 
was  entered  in  the  Smit  book,  or 
Shepherd's  guide  kept  by  some 
responsible  person  in  the  town- 
ship.    See  Rud,  Lug-mark. 

Witness  did  not  know  Mr  G — 's  sheep  or 
his  smit.     C.  Patr.    1896,  Jan.  3.   p.  6,  col.  6. 

The  RADDLE-pot  lay  at  their  side. 

Rawnsley.    p.  170,  line  4. 

Smit — To  put  certain  pops  and  lines 
in  paint  or  ruddle  on  a  sheep  as  a 
mark  of  ownery. 

Pyke  some  ore  out — thou'll  find  in  t'  rock 
grykes  amang, 
To  smit  t'  wedder  sheep  wid. 

Cumbrian  a.    p.  251,  line  7. 

Smit  book:  see  Shepherd's  book. 

Smithers,  g.  (smidh.u'R'z) — Small 
fragments. 

"It  was  o'  brokken  to  smithers." 


Smitten,  g.  (smit.U'n)— Having  the 
owner's  mark. 

Have  ye  seen  owt  o'  two  hill  sheep  o 

mine ;  they're  smitten  i'  t'  ear  like  yours  ? 

E.C.N.     1895,  Feb.  9.     p.  8,  col.  7. 

Smittle,  g.  (smit.ux) — To  infect. 

The  Wesleyans  were  smittlet  with  the 
idea.        W.C.T.    1899,  Mar.  25.    p.  2,  col.  3. 

— Infectious,  contagious;  likely;  cer- 
tain as  a  stockgetter. 
"It's  as  smittle  as  t'  scab." 

"Yon  whin  bed's  varra  smittle  for  hod- 
din  a  hare." 

An'  it  shaps  to  be  smittal  ;  whoariver  I 

gang,  [pray 

I  can't  hod  a  crack,  nay ! — I  can't  read  or 

Widoot  bringin'  in  her  dang't  "  Mappen 

I  may." 

Gibson — Lai  Dinah,    p.  32,  line  7. 

Rum-butter  made  for  a  boy's  birth  was 
smittler  than  that  made  for  a  girl. 

W.C.T.H.     1893.     p.  13,  col.  1. 

Ennerdale  Lake  is,  or  used  to  be  a  gay 
smittle  spot  for  troot. 

W.C.T.H.     1892.     p.  4,  col.  1. 

Smoor,  g.  (smoou'R').      Smudder, 
c,  e.  (smuoddh.u'R').     Smeur,  n., 
e.  (smur) — To  smother. 
I  let  hime  hev  his  heid  oot,  or  else  I  thowt 
he  wad  mappen  smudder. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  34,  line  5. 

T  fell-deall  lads  talkt  aboot  .  .  .  how 
menny  sheep  they'd  hed  smoort  i'  t'  girt 
Martinmas  snow.    Cumbriana.  p.  7,  line  16. 

Smoot,  c,  e.  (smoot).  Smute,  sw. 
(smiuot).  Smoot  hole,  e.,  n. — 
A  hole  in  a  wall  or  hedge  to  creep 
through  ;  the  act  of  creeping 
through  a  hole. 

"  A  hare  smoot." 

Through  Borrowdale  an'  Wyburn  heids, 

He  ivvery  burrent  kent ; 
An'  ivvery  smoot  in  t'  deals  aroond. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  40,  line  9. 

Smudder  :   see  Smoor. 


300 


Smudge,  g.  (smuoj.)— To  laugh  in 
a  concealed  manner,  (b.)  To  spot. 
He  went  oot  smudgin'  an  laffln'. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  30,  line  8. 

Smug,  g.  (smuog).  Smush  (smuosh) 
— Smart;  tidily  dressed  ;  neat.. 
I  saw  'at  they  war  gentry  fwok, 

For  beath  leuk't  smush,  weel  dress't, 
an'  fair.     Richardson,  1st.  p.  63,  line  2. 

Smuly,  c,  nw.  (smoo.li)  —  Smooth 
spoken  but  deceptive. 

Smutty,  g.  (smuot.i)  —  Funny  and 
somewhat  indelicate. 
Telt  sly  smutty  stwories,  and  made  them 
aw  gurn. 
Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-Neet.    Stz.  4. 

Snaar  (sn  aar)— c,  e.,  nw.  Cross-tem- 
pered, unsociable,  currish,  (nw.) 
Greedy,     (e.)  Cold. 

Snaat :   see  Snew. 

Snack,  g.  (snaak)  —  A  lunch  ;  a 
short  meal. 

A   snack   o'  swandwich,  an'  a  glass   o' 
sherry  wine.    Betty  Wilson,  p.  108,  line  1. 

I  git  Ave  myals  o'  day,  and  a  snack  when 
I  gang  to  bed. 
Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  131,  line  8. 

Snacks,  g.  (snaaks) — Shares. 

"We'll  ga'  snacks  if  we  win  owt." 

S  naff  Ian',  g.  (snaaf.lu'n) — Tri- 
fling; mean;  sauntering. 
Nit  yen,  that's  owther  mence  or  sheame, 

Wad  be  that  snafflin  ninny, 
As  to  haud  back  their  gift. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25. 

Snaffle,  g.  (snaaf.u'l).  SpraffLe, 
c,  n.,  sw.  (spraaf.U'l) — To  saun- 
ter along. 

Bob  an'  Joe  was  off  sprafflin  Ah  know 
nut  whoar.      Betty  Wilson,   p.  81,  line  6. 

Still  left  snafflan  by  my  sell. 

Harvest,    line  65. 

Snaffles  :   see  Snaffles. 

Snag,  ( ;.  (snaag)— A  projecting  end 
where  a  branch  has  been  cut  off  a 
tree. 


— To  cut  off,  notch,  used  generally 
in  reference  to  trees,  (w.)  To  cut 
with  a  sickle  or  swatch. 
Noo,my  lads;  let's  away  an  snag  turneps. 
J.E.E. 

Snagger :  see  Swatcher. 

Snap,  g.  (snaap)— A  ginger-bread 
cake  about  the  size  of  a  crown 
piece.  A  small  piece  of  anything. 
A  term  in  wrestling  used  when  the 
hold  of  one  of  the  wrestlers  on  the 
other  is  broken. 

While  udders  a  penneth  o'  snaps  duddent 
care.  Richardson,  2nd.   p.  84,  line  5. 

Then  he  choppt  up  a  drinkin'  glass,  an'  eat 
it  ivery  snap.      Cumbriana.    p.  10,  line  12. 

The  stewards  were  inclined  to  bring  the 
fall  in  a  snap,  but  the  vanquished  man 
very  honourably  declared  himself  to  be 
fairly  thrown.      Wrestling,  p.  57,  line  11. 

Snap  and  Rattle,  G. — A  "  hit  and 
miss  "  window. 

Snape,  g.  (snaep) — A  snub. 

I  wasn't  sworry  to  see  him  git  a  lal 
snape,  he's  sae  ruddy  wid  his  snapes 
hissel.       Gibson— T*  Reets  on't.  p.  8,  line  3. 

Nea  doubt  he  thought  scrapin'  was  nowt 

bit  a  "bam," 
And  was  laid  onta  him  as  a  snapin. 

Cumbliana.   p.  244,  line  9. 

— To  curb,  restrain,  snub. 

"Oor  taty  tops  got  a  snapin'  wl'  frost." 

But  snaiped  wi'  fear  o'  goblins  dire, 
Another  gait  has  taen. 

Minstrel — Apparition.  Stz.  10. 

Amang  thy  oald  chances  thus  m'appen 

finnd  yan 
Ma'  be  fain,  though  thus  snaip't  her,  to 

hev  the'  agean. 

Gibson — Sneck  Posset.    Stz.  6. 

Fwoak  cudn't  snape  him  .  .  .  nut  wi>l 
wurds  at  ennyrate. 

W.C.T.H.    1S93.    p.  10,  col.  1. 

Snapper,  c,  Ws.  (snaap.U'r) — To 
hit  the  ground  with  the  toe  in 
walking. 


301 


Snappy,  g.  (snaap.i)— Short  tem- 
pered. 

Snarl,  g.  (snaar'U'l).  Snurl,  g. 
(snuor'l).  Snerp,  g.  (snuort)— 
A  snare  ;  a  loop.  See  Wile,  Gil- 
dert. 

Here — burn  thou  my  net,  an'  dismollish 

my  snare, 
Use  net  or  snerp  !  nowt  o'  t'  swort !  niver 

mair. 

Dickinson — Remains,   p.  220,  line  3. 

He  formed  in  yan  end  a  snirrup  sec  as  us 
lads  used  to  mak'  in  t'  horse  hair  for 
giklerts.     C.  Pacq.  1893,  Ap.  20.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

When  they  see  a  trout  lyin'  they  put  this 
SNARL,or  snirrup  roond  t'  gills  an'  click  t' 
fish  oot,     C.  Pacq.  1893,  Dec.  7.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  catch  in  a  snare,  to  tighten  up, 
contract;  to  pine,  wither.  To  snerp 
up  is  to  draw  together  like  the 
mouth  of  a  purse,  (e.)  To  be  ill- 
tempered. 

He  snirruped  that  round  Jobby  warkin 
tenth.    C.  Pacq.   1893,  April  20.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Ah've  help't  tha  many  a  time  ta  snarel 
a  hare.  W.C.T.X.     1896.     p.  20,  col.  1. 

(He)  snirrups  his  nose  up  at  t'  praise  o' 
poor  fwok. 

Gibson — Ned  o'  Keswick.    Stz.  6. 

T'ledder  part  .  .  .  was  sooa  snurpt  up 
aboot  t'  ends  eh  t'  straps  yan  med  a 
sworn  sumbody  hed  been  a  dryan  on't  of 
a  slattery  day  be  t'het  fire. 

Scoap.   p.  218,  line  16. 

She  snurl'd  up  her  neb  and  nae  mair 
luik'd  at  me. 

Anderson — Lasses  of  Carel.    Stz.  2. 

Snarl  knot,  G. — A  knot  that  cannot 
be'  drawn  loose. 
Knottit  t'  ends  iv  a  snarl  knot. 

Scoap.   p.  218,  line  25. 

Snatch,  G.  (snaach)— A  casting  line 
made  of  gut  and  wire,  with  three 
hooks  fastened  back  to  back ;  this 
is  thrown  across  the  pool  in  which 
the   salmon    is    lying,    and  then 


drawn  slowly  back ;  the  hooks 
fasten  themselves  into  the  back  or 
tail  of  the  fish. 

Charged  with  using  a  snatch  for  the  pur- 
pose of  catching  salmon. 

W.C.T.   1899,  Sept.  2.   p.  3,  col.  8. 

— To  use  a  snatch. 

He  saw  defendant  snatching  with  a  spoon 
in  a  hole  in  the  river  for  salmon. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Oct.  26.    p.  3,  col.  5. 

Snattle,  sw.  (snaat.U'l)— To  filch. 

T.E. 

Snaythe,  n.  (snaeth).  Sned,  N., 
nw.  (sned)— The  shaft  or  handle 
of  a  scythe. 

Sneck,  g.  (snek) — A  latch  ;  a  hitch 
or  stop.  To  put  a  sneck  before  his 
snout,  is  to  raise  an  insurmount- 
able objection  (J.  Ar.). 

"He  champ't  his  thoom  in  a  yat  sneck." 

Theearwas  neah  serrimonies  o'them  days 
— it  was  lift  t'  sneck  an'  woak  in. 

Betty  Wilson,     p.  74,  line  1. 

— To  fasten  with  a  latch. 

"Sneck  t'  deur  to." 

Sneck  bittit,  g. — Having  a  piece 
the  shape  of  a  right-angled  triangle 
cut  out  of  the  ear  (sheep)  as  a 
mark  of  ownery ;  the  shape  re- 
sembles the  sneck  of  a  gate.  See 
Lug  mark. 

Sneck  drawer,  c,  n.,  nw. — A  co- 
vetous or  crafty  person.  Formerly 
one  who  draws  the  string  and-  lifts 
the  latch  of  the  door  and  enters 
without  ceremony. 

Snecket,  n.  (snek.ut)— The  latch 
string. 

Sneck  hay,  c,  nw. — Hunger.  When 
a  horse  stands  tied  outside  a  door 
it   is   said  to    eat   sneck  hay,   i.e. 
hunger. 
No  dinner,  no  nought,  bit  three  hoperth 

o'  yal, 
And  horse  in  a  foald  at  sneck  hay. 

Cumbriana.   p.  246,  line  9. 


802 


Sneck  posset,  G  —  A  disappointment 
—commonly  applied  to  suitors  who 
are  not  admitted. 
If  from  any  cause  she  refuses  to  let  him 
into  the  house,  he  is  said  to  have  got  a 
Sneck  Posset. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  64,  line  7. 

Sned,  Ns.,  e. — To  lop,  prune.  See 
Snaythe. 

Sneels  :  see  Kneuls. 

Sneer,  G.  (sneer') — To  snort. 

"  If  a  horse  sneers  after  he  coughs  he's 
nut  brokken  windit." 

Sneevel,  g.  (snee.vu'l)— A  snail. 
See  Snuffle. 

"Driving  sneevils" — said  of  hoys  who 
loiter.  Sullivan,   p.  85. 

Snell,  g.  (snel) — Sharp,  biting  (of 
wind). 

"  Here's  a  sharp  mwornin',  John."    "  Ey, 
as  snell  as  a  stepmother's  breath.'* 

That  wind  did  blaw  snell  ower  Crosby 
muir.  W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  9,  col.  3. 

Snerls,  e.,  nw.  (snuorxz) — Nostrils. 

Snerp  :   see  Snarl. 

Snert,  Snirt :   see  Snurt. 

Sneul  (sniuol)— A  pitiful  sneaking 
dishonest  person.     Obs. 
I*s  ass,  an'  full,  an'  silly  snuil, 
I'a  naething  but  a  noodle  ; 

Blamire — Cumb.  Scold.    Stz.  3. 

Snews  :   see  Snooze. 

Sneyp :   see  Hammer-bleat. 

Snick,  c,  w.,  e.  (snik) — To  clip  a 
sheep,  etc.  in  uneven  ridges ;  (c.) 
to  steal  (l.a.). 

Snicket,  sw,  (snik.ut).  Jacky- 
nick,  c.  —  A  narrow  passage 
between  buildings. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  10. 

Snifter,  g.  (sniftth.u'R')— A  rapid 
inhalation  through  the  nostril ;  a 
sniff.  "  In  a  snifter  " — in  a  very 
short  time. 


I'll  attend  to  your  wants  in  a  snifter. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.     p.  13,  col.  3. 

She  held  t'  snuff  box  owt  efter  she'd  tayn 
a  reet  good  snifter  hersel. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  15,  line  l. 

— To    inhale    sharply   through   the 
nostrils ;  sniffle  ;  weep. 
When  Becka  .  .  .  seed  his  brussen  nwose 
she  startit  to  snifter. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  2. 

Snig,  c,  ec.  (snig)— A  young  eel. 

Ah  catcht  a  snig.      Pen.  Obs.   1898,  Ap.  26. 

— G. — To  drag  timber  by  horse  and 
chain;  to  lop  the  branches  off 
fallen  timber.  Also  (c.)  to  catch 
salmon  illegally  with  a  bunch  of 
hooks  called  "t'West  Cummerlan 
flee"  (J.B.). 

They  wad  ha'  yok't  a  nag  tull  a  heal  tree, 
an'  snig't  it  into  t'  hoose. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  60,  line  5. 

Snip  feast,   Snip't,  G. — Having  a 
white  streak  down  the  face,   in 
rather  less   quantity  than  is  im- 
plied by  BALD-FEACED. 
She'd  just  a  white  snip  on  her  feace, 
Aw  f  rest  o'  f  coo  was  black. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  92,  Him  9. 

Snippet,  wc,  ec.  (snip.ut)  —  A 
very  small  piece,  a  clipping. 
The  bundle  of  snippets  and  ends  of  carpets 
and  cloth  tacked  rudely  together. 

Todhunter.    p.  267,  line  9. 

Snite,  c,  sw.,  E.  (snaait)— To  blow 
the  nose. 

"  He  snitit  his  nwose  wid  his  finger  and 
thoom." 

I'll  slip  away  after  thee  in  a  thumb's 
snitting.    Son  of  Hagar.    I.   p.  84,  Mm  10. 

Snizy,  nw.  (sna.ai.zi) — Cold,  cutting 
(of  the  wind),     h.t. 

Snock- snarls,  sw.,  e.  (snauk- 
snaar'U'Lz)— Entanglement . 


303 


Snod,  G.  (snaud) — Smooth,  velvety. 

"  As  snod  as  a  mowdy-warp." 
"  You're  making  this  road  rough !  "    "  Ey, 
but  we'll  mak  it  snod  afoor  we're  deun 
wi  't."  Gibson,    p.  199. 

Snoot-band,  g.  (snoot-baand). 
Neb-plate  (neb-plaet)— The  iron 
plate  on  the  toe  of  a  clog. 

Clasps,  an  clog-cokers,  an  snootbands. 

Scoap.     p.  11,  linel. 

Snooze,  g.  (snooz).  Snoozle,  c,  e., 
sw.  Snews,  e.,  n,  sw.(sniooz)— 
To  take  a  light  sleep  or  doze. 

Efter  a  bit,  Bob  snoozels  ower  agean. 

Betty  "Wilson,    p.  76,  line  7. 

Snop  snarl,  e.  (snaup) — An  ill- 
natured  person. 

— N. — To  be  ill-natured. 
Snork,  g.  (snaur'k).    Snowk,  c,  B. 
(snauwk) — A  strong  inhalation. 

Or  a  swaddlin'  oald  sneak,  wid  a  snowk 
an'  a  snivel, 
'At  kests  up  his  e*en  when  he  hears  a 

ruff  jwoke. 
Gibson — Ned  o'  Keswick,    p.  36,  line  9. 

—  To    inhale   noisily   through    the 

nose.*   See  Snowk. 
Snot,  g.  (snaut) — An  insignificant 

fellow  ;  the  mucus  from  the  nose  ; 

(b.)  the  snuff  of  a  candle. 

Snotter,   g,  (snautth.U'R') — The 
nose ;  the  mucus  from  the  nose. 
Ah'll  gie  the  sec  a  welt  ower  t'  snotter. 

S.D.B. 

— To  sob,  cry. 

What's  snot — snotteren  an'  yoolen  like 
that  for?  W.C.T.X.   1897.   p.  27,  col.  4. 

Snotter  geggin,  g. — A  term  of 
contempt  or  reproach  amongst 
boys. 

Snotty,    g.    (snaut.i) — Mean;    im- 
pudent. 
"He's  a  laal  snotty  cur  of  a  fellow." 

Thear  was  a  snotty  lad  ga'  ma  a  bit  ov 
a  pick  by.        Willy  Wattle,    p.  8,  line  17. 

Snow  bird,  Snow  flake  :  See  Fell 
Sparrow. 


Snow-broth,  g.  not  sw.  Snaa- 
broth,  sw. — Half-dissolved  snow. 
Too  much  snow-broth  is  still  the  cry.  It 
is  not  only  interfering  much  with  angling, 
but  it  is  preventing  the  salmon  from 
leaving  the  Solway. 

C.  Patr.    1895,  Mar.  22.    p.  4,  col.  6. 

Snowk,  c,  e.,  nw.  (snauwk)  —  To 
work  with  the  snout  like  a  pig  or 
mole ;  hence,  (nw.)  to  act  in  an 
underhand  way.  (e.)  To  snore. 
See  Snork. 

T  pleeceman  snowk'd  up  an'  doon  aw 
times  o'  neets.  W.C.T.X.  1897.  p.  13,  col.  1. 
Snowkin' like  pigs  at  a  sew.    Gibson,  p.  199. 

Snow  pattens  :   see  Cloggins. 

Snuffle,  g.  (snuof.ttl).     Sneevel, 
N.,  e.,  nw.  (snee.vu'l)  —  To  speak 
through  the  nose. 
He  startit  teh  sneeval  an  toke  throo  his 
nwose.  Scoap.    p.  52,  line  1. 

Snug,   g.  (snuog)— A   small   com- 
fortable private  parlour  in  an  inn. 
T'  laal  snug  on't  reet-han'  side  doonstairs. 
W.C.T.X.     1897.     p.  24,  col.  1. 

— To  nestle. 

We  snugg't  in  togidder.  Gibson,  p.  199. 
An'  dar !  it  was  nice  to  snug  i'  bed. 

Gibson — Ben  Wells.    Stz.  2. 

Snurl't,  g.  (snuor'.U'Lt)  —  Drawn 
together,  shrunken.      See  Snarl. 

Snurt,  g.  (snuort).  Snurtle. — 
Laughter  suppressed  with  diffi- 
culty. 

"  Oh !  aye,  I  see  who  'tis !  "  says  she ; 
An'  a  laal  snirt  she  gev. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  68,  line  6. 
Thou  niver  laughs  wid  any  heart  .  .  thou 
nobbut  gives  a  lahl  snurtle. 

Midsummer,    p.  139,  line  13. 

— To  snort  in  a  sarcastic  manner,  or 
when  trying  to  keep  back  a  laugh. 

Yan  snurtit,  an'  anudder  gurn't,  till  I 
was  rayder  maddish. 

Gibson — T'  Reets  on  't.    p.  9,  line  7. 

I  stopt  my  lugs,  for  fear  a  snurting  out. 

Graham — Gwordy.    line  103. 


304 


Sobby,  a,  sw.  (saub.i).  Soddy,  a, 
e.,  nw.  (saud.i).  Soggy,  a,  sw. 
(saug.i) — Bulky  and  heavy  as  a 
sod.     Fleshy. 

Sock,  g.  (sauk)— A  plough  share. 
These  were  wood  plews,  pented  reed,  an' 
hed  a  socic-guard  to  prevent  t'socK  comin' 
off.        C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  10.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Socketting  brass,  sw.  (sauk.ut.- 
itn  br'aas).  Pootin',  sw.— A 
fine  paid  by  a  young  man  when 
found  "  courting  "  out  of  his  own 
district. 

Soft,  Softish,  g.  (sauft.ish) — 
Moist,  damp,  as  when  gently  rain- 
ing. 

"A  softish  mwornin'."      "Ey,  it  rayder 
weets." 

Soft  hat,  w.,  sw.  Sunshade.— 
A  woman's  sun-bonnet. 

Soft    sowder,    g.   (sauw.ddhu'R'  ; 
sau.ddher')— Flattery. 
He  trie't  to  soft-soder  meh  a  bit  wih  tel- 
lan  meh  at  he  was  nobbut  jwokan. 

Scoap.     p.  Ill,  line  18. 

—To  flatter. 

Soggy :  see  Sobby. 

Soil— The  fry  of  the  coal-fish. 

Ferguson — Dial.    p.  131.    (Not  known  to 
correspondents). 

— E.,  nw.— To  feed  cattle,  etc.  on 
green  food  in  the  houses  in  sum- 
mer. 

Soldier's  buttons  :  see  Clavver 
Grass. 

Solid,  g.  (saul.id) — An  occasional 
substitute  for  solemn. 

Sonks,  n.  (saunks)— Turves — used 
instead  of  saddles,  and  girthed  on 
with  hay  bands.  Obs. 
We  used  to  tak  yen  o'  the  naigs  fray  the 
pasture,  and  just  clap  the  branks  on  his 
head  an'  the  sonks  on  his  back. 

Cumbriana.    p.  28,  line  6. 

Sonn— To  think  deeply.  Ferguson. 
p.  221.    (Not  known  to  correspondents). 


Sonsy,   g.  (saun.si)  —  Stout  and 
heavy  ;  plump,  good-looking,    (n.) 
Lucky,  full,  generous. 
"Tamar's  a  sonsy   lass."      "Ay,  and  a 
sonsy  weight  too."  Sullivan,    p.  87. 

The  guid  man  bad  his  sonsy  deame, 
Trim  up  the  fire,  an  mek  the  tea. 

Anderson — The  Visit.    Stz.  3. 

Sooa,  c,  sw.,  e.  (soou').  Swa,  c. 
sw.  (swaa).  Sea,  nw.  (seea)— 
So;  be  quiet;  let  alone.  This 
word  is  often  doubled  as,  sooa,  sooa  ! 
Sooa,  I  tell't  him  hoo  it  was  an'  oa  aboot 
it.  Gibson — Joe  and  Geolog.  p.  4,  line  6. 
Sooa,  sooa!  Barn!  Thou  munnot  put  t' 
cat  i'  t'  fire.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  3. 

Sooals,  c.  (soo.uolz)— A  swivel 
joint  in  a  chain,  commonly  termed 
a  pair  of  sooals. 

S  o  o  i  n  s ,  g.  (soo.-inz)  —  Sowens ; 
"hinder  ens"  of  oats  are  steeped 
in  water  for  two  days,  the  liquid 
strained  off  and  allowed  to  set  to 
a  jelly  which  is  afterwards  heated 
with  a  little  water  and  salt.  Also 
called  sous. 

An  gedder  up  offal,  and  heamward   to 
skift  it, 
An  hev  sooins  as  sure  as  a  gun. 

Cumbriana.    p.  254,  line  11. 

Sooky  blend,  g.  (soo.ki-bliuod). 
Blendy  sooker,  wc  Blendy 
butcher,  sw.  (bliuod.i)  —  The 
beetle — Telephorus  lividus.'  The  red 

colour  of  this  insect  and  its  active 
habits,  have  given  rise  to  the  local 
belief  that  it  lives  by  sucking  the 
blood  of  cattle ;  school  children 
have  a  dread  of  it,  and  will  never 
touch  it  (F.D.).  It  will  seek  to  suck 
blood  from  any  part  where  the 
skin  is  broken  (t.e.).    See  Doctor. 

Sooky  ledder,  g— A  leathern  suck- 
er, used  in  play  by  boys  to  lift 
stones. 

When  we'd  beaath  stankt  an  poot  at  iver 
we  poot,  it  stack  teh  t'  clay  like  a  sooky 
ledder.  Scoap.    p.  225,  line  15. 


305 


Soom :  see  Swum. 

Soople,  g.  (soo.pu'l)  —  The  second 

half  of  a  flail. 

A  stick  ...  as  thick  as  a  flail  soople. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Oct.  5.    p.  6,  col.  2.    | 

Soople  jack,  c. — A  pliant  and  knot- 
ted West  Indian  walking-stick. 

Soor,  g.  (soou'R') — Sour.  Boggy  and 
swampy  land  is  called  sour  land. 
Icel.  aavr,  boggy  or  moorland.  (Ell- 
wood).  In  place-names  as  Castle 
SowERby. 

Sound,  and  sour,  its  opposite,  are  used 
here  as  in  Denmark,  of  land,  as  dry  or 
wet.  Fells,   p.  371. 

Soor  dockin',  g. — Common  sorrel — 

Rumex  acetosa. 

-Sooren,  c,  Ws.,  n.  (soou'.R'U'n).  Soor 
leven,  ne.(soor'lev.U'n) — Leaven 
used  in  making  rye  or  barley  bread. 
T"  sour  leaven  .  .  .  was  mush'd  away 
amang  t'  barley  meal. 

C.  Pacq.   1803,  June  29.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Sooren,  c. — To  become  sour. 

Soor  milk :   see  Kern  milk. 

Sop,  g.  (saup) — A  clump  of  flowers, 
grass,  etc. ;  a  body  of  black-lead 
in  situ ;  also  as  in  quotation.  A 
pad  of  cotton-wool  inserted  in  the 
neck  of  an  ink-horn  to  prevent  the 
ink  from  running  out.  See  Boss. 
A  rare  sop  of  Polyanthus.  J.  Ar. 
The  greenish  sops  already  luik  less  green, 
As  weel  the  greenish  sops  will  suin  be  dry. 
Relph — Hay-time.  Stz.  3. 
"  Nests  "  or  sops  or  bellies  of  blacklead  are 
found  in  the  greenstone. 

Martinea.u.  p.  137,  line  10. 
"The  sop?  what  is  the  sop?"  "Notheeard 
tell  of  t'  sop?  Why,  t' sop's  a  lile  wee  cloud 
as  cooms  oop  ower  Green  Coom  . .  .  t'  sop's 
a  gay  gude  weather-glass. 

Lizzie  Lorton.  I.  p.  272,  line  7,  et  seq. 

Sose,  c ,  N.  (saus).  Saas,  sw.  (saas) 
— Sauce  ;  impertinence. 

Ah  couldn't  gah  by   t'   smiddy.  ...  bit 
they  gemmeh  soace.   Scoap.   p.  9,  line  20. 
U 


— To  sauce,  to  be  impudent ;  to  abuse. 

For  t'  oald  fwoke  soas't  her  neet  an'  day. 

Gibson— Branthet  Neuk.    p.  59,  line  3. 

An'  we  hed  sarsed  her,  I  believe  she'd 

a  fairly  brayed  us  to  deeth. 

Lizzie  Lorton.  II.  p.  214,  line  3. 

Soss,  G.  (saus) — A  heavy  dead- 
weight fall ;  the  sound  produced 
by  the  act  of  falling ;  a  boiled  mess 
for  a  COW  (Ferguson — Dial.  p.  132). 
"He  fell  wid  a  soss  like  a  wet  seek." 
Bringing  him  frequently  to  mother  earth 
with  a  heavy  soss. 

Wrestling,    p.  138,  line  3. 

— To  plunge  into  water;  to  fall  as 
would  any  heavy  soft  body  ;  to 
drink  in  a  heavy,  sodden  manner. 
"To  lie  sossing  in  bed,"  is  to  lie  lazily, 
stuffy  and  hot  in  bed. 

Lake  Country.   App.  I. 

Sotter,  g.  (sautthu'R')— The  noise 
or  sound  of  boiling  pottage,  etc. 

— To  boil  slowly,  seethe. 

And  than  they  wad  frizzel't  in  t'  sotteran 
pan.  Cumbrian  a.   p.  238,  line  9. 

Sour :   see  Yan. 

Sous,  c,  sw.,  e.  (sauws)— The  pickle 
of  brine,  generally  only  referred  to 
as  in  the  phrase  "  soor  as  sous," 
when  it  is  popularly  understood  to 
mean  something  acid.  Sowens  are 
sometimes  called  sous,  but  only 
when  the  strained  jelly-like  mass 
has  turned  sour. 
It  was  as  sour  as  souse. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  June  29.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Sous,  g.(soos;  sauws) — To  (1)  wet 
a  person  copiously,  to  soak ;  (nw.) 
to  (2)  strike  (Obs.). 
Tou's  soused  owre  heed  an  ears  in  luive. 
Anderson — Weyfe  fer  Wully  Miller. 
Stz.  2. 
Thoroughly  soused  wid  rain. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Dec.  28.   p.  6,  col.  1. 
Up  flew  her  hand  to  (2)  souse  the  cowren 

lad, 
But  ah,  I  thought  it  fell  not  down  owr  sad. 
Relph— Harvest,    p.  4,  line  6. 


306 


Sowder,  g.  (sauw.ddhu'R')— Solder : 
see  Soft  sowder. 

Sowderment,  c,  b.  (sauw.ddhur'- 
mu'Nt).  Slutterment,  nc. 
(sluotth.U'R').  Sotterment,  e., 
nw.  (sautth.U'R'MU'Nt).  Sowder, 
c. — Stewed  food  ;  (c.)  food  stewed 
to  "rags,"  or  until  the  ingredients 
have  lost  their  distinctive  character. 
Sec  a  sowder  Betty  meade.     Old  Song. 

Sowdger,  c,  sw.,  wc.  (sauw.jur') 
Red  Admiral  butterfly  —  Vanessa 
atalanta.    See  King  George. 

So  we,  c,  e.  (sauw).    Seugh,  n.,  e. 
(sioogh).    Poo,  sw.,  e.  (poo)— A 
wide  and  watery  ditch. 
He  had  gone  down  among  the  soughs  to 
see  if  he  could  shoot  a  duck. 

E.  C.  News.   1897,  Dec.  4.   p.  5,  col.  3. 

Owr  hill  an'  knowe,  thro'  seugh  an'  sowe, 
Comes  tiftan  many  o'  couple. 

Stagg — Bridewain.   Stz.  9. 

Sowp,  g.  (sauwp) — To  saturate,  to 
soak. 

"Baith  t'   meare   en  me  wer  gaily  sair 
sowped  wi'  watter." 

Fast  the  patt'ring  hail  was  fa'ing 
And  the  sowping  rain  as  thick. 

Stagg — The  Return.  Stz.  1. 

Sowpy,  g.  (sauw.pi)— Soft,  spongy, 
watery. 

Sowt,  g.  (sauwt)— This  word  is 
not  applied  to  any  one  particular 
disease  in  animals ;  in  sw.  it  refers 
only  to  sheep  and  lambs,  who 
have  been  removed  from  a  good  to 
a  poor  pasture,  the  ewe  loses  her 
milk,  the  lamb  suffers  and  con- 
tracts Sowt,  the  first  symptom 
being  the  breaking  out  of  pustulous 
sores  about  the  ears,  (c.)  Synovitis 
in  calves  and  lambs  is  referred  to, 
also  to  diarrhoea  following  Flukes, 
and  to  any  general  unsoundness, 
often  of  a  dropsical  nature.  In  the 
more  northern  parts,  all  animals 
may  be  sowted,  that  is,  they  are 


not  thriving,  whether  because  of 
Fluke,    Synovitis,    Blebs   or   any 
other  disease. 
Ye'r  sheep  dee  i'  t'  seekness  or  t'  sowt. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  150,  line  7. 

Sowt,    n.   (sauwght).     Soght.— 
Sought  and  brought  away. 
"Jimmy's  soght  the  kye  heam." 

But  when  we  wer  thinkin  o  nowt  but  luive, 
Mey  titty,  deil  bin !  com  an  sowt  me. 
Anderson — First  Luive.   Stz.  3. 

Spaffl.es  :   see  Shaffl.es. 

Spalder  :   see  Spoalder. 

Spang,   g.  (spaang) — A  spring,  a 
jump ;  a  stinging  pain ;  a  span. 
Then  with  a  spang  luopt  down  amang 
the  hay.  Clark — Seymon.    line  39. 

— To  leap  ;  to  spring ;  to  span.  To 
be  painful.  To  shoot,  fling,  to 
project  with  force. 

While    girt   fwok   they  ride    down   my 


And  spang  o'er  my  fields  o'  new  wheat. 
Blamire — Wey  Ned.    Stz.  5. 
Yence  on  a  teyme  a  hangrell  gang 

Com'  with  a  bensil  owr  the  sea, 
Wheyle  flocks  an'  herds  they  gar'd  them 

SPANG. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  5. 
My  side  spangs  sae. 

Lake  Country.    App.  I. 

Spanghue,  c,  sw.  (spaangjoo). 
Spangwhew,  n.,  e.(spaang.hioo) 
— To  pitch  up  violently. 
Spang-hewing  is  a  cruel  mode  practised 
by  school-boys  of  putting  birds,  frogs,  etc. 
to  death.  A  stick  is  laid  across  a  block, 
the  victim  placed  on  one  end  and  the 
other  struck  sharply,  throwing  the  poor 
animal  high  into  the  air,  killing,  and 
generally  mutilating  it.  Gibson,  p.  200. 
But  I  moon't  sit  by  an'  see  him, 

Gear  an'  grun'  spanghew  an*  spen'. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.    Stz.  3. 
Spanghewing  yah  fella  oot  eh  t'  tlnml 
stworey  winda  an  varra  nar  neckan  em. 
SCOAP.     p.  4,  line  8. 


307 


Spangles  (spaang.U'Lz)— The  spade 
suit  of  cards.  (Not  known  to 
correspondents), 

Spang't,  c,  nw.  (spaang-t). 
Spankit,    n. —  Blotched.     "A 

SPANG'T  COW." 

Spanker,  a  (spaank.U'r) — A  tall 
and  active  young  person ;  a  fast 
going  horse. 

Sud  iver  gar  a  spankin'  lass  like  me 

Unto  sec  mafflin'  gokert  arms  comply  ?    | 
Gilpin— Poetry.    Death  of  Roger. 

p.  205,  line  2.     , 

Spankin',  a  (spaankjn) — A  beat- 
ing,  as  given  by  a  woman  with 
the  bare  hand  to  a  child. 

Span  new,  a  Spick  and  span 
new.  Split  new.  Splinter  new, 
c,  sw.     Spangfire  new,   c,  E., 

nw.  (spa  angfaaiu'r)— Quite  new, 
never  having  been  used. 
At  t'  seaam  time  pooan  oot  eh  me  pocket 
a  spang-fire  new  pack  o'  cards. 

Scoap    p.  26,  line  20. 
Here  it  is,  luhyeh,  spick  an  spangfire    : 
new,  adoot  owder  lirk  or  crumple. 

Sooap.    p.  213,  line  11. 

Clogs  splinter  new,  bass-bottom'd  chairs. 

Stacks — Rosley  Fair.    Stz.  29. 

Sparables,  a  (spaar'.u'bu'lz) — 
Short  nails  for  shoe  heels. 

He  noticed  prints  of  boots  with  sparables. 
C.  Patr.    1898,  Nov.  4.    p.  5,  col.  2. 

Sparling,  g.  (spaa.rtjng)  —  The 
smelt —  Osittents  eperlana. 

Sparling,  Is.  4d.  per  lb. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Mar.  25.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

Spat,  G.  (spa at) — A  sharp  quick 
slap. 

"  The  dog  went  to  make  friends  with  the 
cat,  who  immediately  put  up  her  back 
and  gave  him  a  rare  spat  with  her  paw." 

Spatterdashes,  g.  (spaatth.u'R- 
daash.iz).  Spats  (spaats)  — 
Short  gaiters  covering  the  foot 
and  reaching  to  just  above  the 
ankle, 
u  2 


He  was  .  .  .  tryhr  to  lowse  t'  buttons  of 
his  spats.      Gibson — T'  Reets.   p.  8,  line  5 . 

A  pair  o'  greet  legs  .  .  .  top't  oot  at  t' 
boddem  wid  a  pair  o'  smashin  spatter- 
dashes.        Betty  Wilson,    p.  149,  line  11. 

Spattle,  w.  (spaat.U'l)— A  peel  or 
long-handled  wooden  spade  used 
for  putting  the  loaves  into  the 
oven,  and  for  removing  them. 

Spattling  Poppy  ;  White  bottle. 
— Bladder  Campion — SUene    cucu- 

balus.  Nicolson. 

Speadin,  n.,  nw.  (spiaad.in)— A 
trench  of  one  spade  in  depth. 

Speak  to,  G. — To  bear  witness  to, 
to  say  with  certainty. 
I  can  speak  to  this  being  a  Cumbrian 
word.  S.D.B. 

P —  spoke  to  M —  fishing  with  worm. 
Whitehaven  Free  Press.    1896,  Oct.  3. 
p.  4,  col.  6. 

Speal,  a  (spiaal).  Spell  (spel) 
— A  chip,  a  splinter.  See  Spell 
and  Cat- saddle. 

"  Laal  Jack  gedderan  speals  " — a  boys' 
game. 

Spean,  g.  (spiaan)— To  wean; 
(nw.)  oats  spean  when  they  look 
delicate  about  a  month  after  being 
sown,  and  when  the  stalk  begins 
to  form  in  May. 

It  was  aneuf  to  speane  any  o'  t'  lads  fra 
eatin'  hezzle  nuts,  was  t'  constant  use  o' 
t'  Domminie's  hezzle  stick. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  11.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Oats  which  have  escaped  the  ravages  of 
the  snail  .  .  .  have  shaken  off  the  effects 
of  .  .  .  SPEANING. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  June  9.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Speat,  c,  e.  (spiaat).  Spete,  n., 
sw.  (speet) — A  sudden  and  heavy 
fall  of  rain ;  a  water  spout. 

"  A  speat  o'  rain." 

The  many  small  spates  seem  to  have 
scattered  the  fish. 

C.  Patr.    1898,  Sept.  2.    p.  4,  col.  7. 


308 


Speav,  e.,  nw.  (spiaav)— To  castrate 
a  female  animal. 

Spect,  g.  (spekt)— To  suppose,  as- 
sume; conclude. 

I  spect  it's  reet.     S.D.B. 

Speel,  c,  Ns.  (speel).  Shin  up,  a, 
w. — To  climb,  clamber  up  the  bare 
trunk  of  a  tree,  (sw.)  To  peel 
bark  off. 

An'  sleely  ower  the  grun'  can  steal, 
The  steyest  brae  can  easily  speil. 

Scawfell.    1896.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Speer,  n.,  e.  (speer') — To  inquire, 
search. 

"  Speer  at  him  " — ask  him. 

Sae  thro'  the  snow  stark-neak'd  he  pot, 
"Widout  yence  speeran  for  his  shot. 
Smith — Stagg's  Tom  Knott,  p.  178,  line  11. 

Spelder,  g.(spelddh.U'R')— To  spell. 

For  paper-patch'd  leets,  that  my  scholars 

meeght  see 
To  spelder  their  words,  and  ply  ABC. 
Clark — Ballad,    p.  123,  line  13. 

Spelk,  G.  (spelk) — A  splint ;  a  rib 
of  a  basket ;  a  rod  for  fastening 
down  thatch. 

Some  pay  a  hen  for  liberty  to  cut  spelks 
or  pegs  in  the  lord's  woods. 

Cumbriana.    p.  231,  line  11. 

Spelk  hen,  g. — The  hen  paid  annu- 
ally to  the  lord  of  the  manor  for 
liberty  to  cut  spelks  in  the  lord's   i 
woods. 

Spell,  g.  (spell)— A  turn  of  work 
etc. ;  a  period  of  time  ;  the  trap   i 
used  in  the  game  of  trap-ball,  spell  | 
an'  bullet,  or  knur  an'  spell. 
"Let's  tak  a  spell  at  kurnin'." 

Wad  teh  like  teh  hev  a  laal  spell  amang    j 
us  ?  Scoap.    p.  100,  line  14. 

The  spell  of  frost  which  set  in. 

C.  Patr.  1899,  Feb.  3.  p.  2,  col.  7. 
His  offers  of  manly  service  had  been 
taken  as  beggarly  spellings  for  brass. 

Lizzie  Lorton.    II.    p.  61,  line  3.  .  J 


Free  board  and  lodging  at  the  How  "  for 
a  spell."    Lizzie  Lorton.  III.  p.  179,  line  1. 

Those  who  the  "  pummel "  well  can  wield, 
With  "spell  and  bullet"  take  the  field. 
Random  Rhymes,    p.  8,  line  4. 

Spell  off,  g. — To  relieve  one  another 
by  turns  from  work. 
Ah  hev  hard  anudder  (story)  or  two  o'  t' 
seame  mak,  bit  ah  rackon  ah'  let  some  on 
you  spell  me  off  for  a  bit. 

W.C.T  X.    1893.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Spending  —  A  mining  term  —  the 
point  where  the  floor  of  a  stone 
drift  intersects  the  bottom  of  the 
coal  seam. 

Speun  shank't,  c— Having  a  piece 
the  shape  of  a  spoon  taken  out  of 
the  ear  (sheep)  as  a  mark  of  own- 
ery.     See  Lug-mark. 

Spewy,  c,  n.,  nw.  (spioo.i)— Said  of 
land  which  is  boggy  or  full  of 
springs. 

Speyder  wob  :   see  Attercop. 

Spice,  g.  (spaais).  Speyce,  nw. 
(spaeis)  —  Sweet-meats  ;  ginger- 
bread. 

Here's  baby-laikins,  rowth  o'  speyce, 
On'  sta's  an'  ra's  extended. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair,  Stz.  29. 
Buy  a  lock  o'  spices  wi'  t'  money,  to  beeak 
their  pies  wi'.      Borrowdale.  p.  3,  line  11. 

Spice  wife,  g. — A  hawker  of  ginger 
bread,  etc. 

Spider  shanks,  g.  Spinnel  s.,  ne. 
— A  person  having  very  slender 
legs. 

Spile,  g.  (spaail).  Spiddick.— 
The  vent  peg  of  a  cask ;  a  stake. 
Th'  spiddick  pult  out  o'  th'  barrel. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  40. 

— To  insert  a  vent  peg. 

Spingy ,  c,  n.,  nw.  (spinj.i).  Stingy, 
n.,  e., sw.— Cross-tempered ;  stingy ; 
greedy. 


309 


Spink,  Sprinky  :   see  Scop. 

Spirin',  e.  (spaai.ru'n) — Piercing, 
penetrating,  applied  to  a  cold  and 
rainless  day;  droughty;  (nw.) 
said  of  a  hot  dry  wind  such  as 
blows  in  June. 

Spit,  g.  (spit)— When  the  warning 
drops  of  a  shower  fall  "  it  rayder 


Spitten  picter,  g.    Spit. — A  strong 
likeness. 
"  Yon  barn's  his  varra  spitten  picter." 

(I  suspect  spitten  means  pricked.  One 
way  of  getting  an  exact  copy  of  a  drawing 
is  to  prick  out  the  outline  with  a  pin. 
W.  W.  Skeat). 

That's  t'  spitten  picter  eh  SILLY  STAM- 
PER. Scoap.    p.  155,  line  22. 

The  varra  spit  on  him.      J.  Ar. 

Splaatch,  g.  (splaach) — A  splash, 
a  bespattering. 

A  greet  splatch  of  a  seal  on  t'  top  of 
ayderhag.    Gibson — T'Reets.  p.  14,  line  4. 

Splaatchan,  g.  (splaach.U'n) — 
Sprawling,  ill-formed. 

Mudder  hed  prentit  on  t'  lid  eh  girt 
spleaatchan  letters,  KEEP  T'  REET  END 
UP.  Scoap.     p.  12,  line  9. 

Splatter,   g.  (splaattru'R')  —  To 

bespatter. 

Ten  gallon  o'  watter  com'   splatterin' 

doon  on  till  his  heed. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  58,  line  1. 

Splinter  new  :   see  Spang  new. 

Spluffan,  n.  (spluf.U'n) — A  bag  or 
pouch — "  bacca  spluffan." 

Spoalder,  g.  (spalllddhitr').  Spal- 

der,   N.,  NE.  (SPAA.LDDH  U'R') — To 

stagger,  to  be  awkward  in  gait ; 
(ec.), to  fall  awkwardly,  spread  out. 
"He  spoalder't  like  a  new-drop't  foal." 
Spoalderen  wi'  thi  greet  feet.     J.H. 


Spoale,  g.  (spaul)— A  butcher's 
term  for  the  cut  between  the  neck 
and  the  forecrop ;  the  thin  or  flat 
portion  of  the  shoulder  blade. 
With  spur  on  heel,  and  splent  on  spauld. 
Gilpin — Songs.  Kinmont  Willie.  Stz.17. 

— To  partly  dislocate  or  "  slip  "  the 
shoulder  (of  animals) ;  (a),  dis- 
locate any  joint. 

'Sponsible,  g.  (spatjn.su'BU'l) — Re- 
sponsible, substantial. 
They're 'sponsible  people  is  Joe  and  Bella. 
Lizzie  Lorton,  II.    p.  63,  line  9. 

Spoots  :   see  Bunnels. 

Spot,  g.  (spaut) — Place  of  service ; 
place,  stead. 
"  I  gang  to  my  spot  at  Martinmas." 

I  mun  e'en  git  a  spot  if  I  can. 

Anderson— Watty,    p.  14,  col.  1,  line  14. 

In  t'  spot  of  a  headd  he  hed  nowt  bit  a 
skull,  W.C.T.X.    1897.  p.  4,  col.  1. 

She  wadn't  mak  up  her  mind  whedder  to 

send  me  iv  her  spot,  or  ooar  eldest  dowter. 

Gibson— Bobby  Banks,    p.  15,  line  1. 

Sprag,  g.  (spraag)— A  club-shaped 
lump  of  wood  to  put  in  a  wheel  to 
stop  progress.  A  prop  in  a  coal- 
mine. 

Sprags  in  a  front  dooar  will  hod,  an'  fower 

inch  nails  hes  a  terrable  grip  on  a  winda. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

There  were  no  sprags  and  C.  was  working 
under  it.      W.C.T.   1898,  Oct.  8.   p.  2,  col.  5. 

— To  stop  the  motion  of  a  wheel  by 
means  of  a  block  of  wood ;  to  prop 
up  the  roof  in  a  mine. 
Ah  click't  that  branch  an'  spragg't  her 
(the  train)  till  a  nicety. 

W.C.T.X.   1895.     p.  8,  col.  4. 

Neglected  to  sprag  his  jud  of  coal. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Oct.  8.    p.  2,  col.  5. 

Sprats  :   see  Sprits. 


310 


Sprent,  c.,sw.,e.(spr'ENt),  Sprint, 

c.  (sprint) — A   snare   for  game 

birds,  especially  woodcock. 

Used  to  set  scores  of  sprints  when  a  boy. 

Fauna,   p.  87,  line  11. 

— G.  not  sw. — To  sprinkle ;  a  pen 
sprints  when  it  scatters  the  ink 
over  the  paper ;  (a,  nw.)  to  run. 

Spring,  a.  B. — The  cleft  of  a  quill 
pen. 

— To  form  the  cleft  of  a  quill  pen  ; 
to  split. 

You've  sprung  that  pen  without  a  plea, 
And  blame  me  if  I  don't  spring  thee. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  May  11.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Spring't ,  e.,  n,  N  w.  (sprinjt)— Half- 
starved  ;  miserable  looking. 

Sprinky  :   see  Spink. 

Sprits,  c,  sw.  (sprits).  Sprats, 
nw.  (spraats).  Spartes,  e. — 
Slender  and  weakly-grown  rushes. 
See  Closs. 

Sproag,  c,  Ws.  (spraug)— A  plea- 
sure excursion. 

"I've  been  to  t'  top  o'  Knock  Murton." 
"  What  took  ye  there ?  "  "I  just  went  for 
a  sprogue."  Gibson,    p.  200. 

Sprogues  on  the  Fells. 

A.  W.  Rumney.   1899. 

— c. — To  go  on  a  pleasure  excursion. 

He'd  been  a  wizzent  fellow  when  he'd  gean 

sproguein'  aboot  iv  his  white  corduroys. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.   p.  150,  line  5. 

Sprug :   see  Hoosie. 

Sprung,  c,  b.,(spruong)— Split  too 
much ;  said  of  a  quill  pen. 
He  would  com'  to  yan  wid  a  sprung  pen. 
C.  Pacq.   1893,  May  11.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Sprung- vein,  g.  (spruong-vaen) — 
A  varicose  vein. 

Spuird,  nw.  (spiurd)— A  piece  of 
newly-formed  marsh. 
Gaan  to  shoot  ducks  on  t'  low  spuird.  J.H. 


Spunk,  G.  (spuonk)  —  Animation, 
spirit,  spark. 

I's  wet  to  t'  skin,  an  caul  widin  ; 
But  nit  ae  spunk  ov  fire  in ! 

Anderson — The  Fratch.   Stz.  2. 

Spunkey,  G.  (spuonk.i)— Lively, 
spirited. 

How  neyce  the  spunky  fire  now  burns, 
For  twee  to  sit  beside ! 
Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.   Stz.  2. 

As  spunkie  as  a  hen  when  a  kestrel  is 
hoverin'  over  her  brood. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  157,  line  12. 

Spurtle,  Ns.,e.(spuort.U'l)— A  thin 
piece  of  wood  used  for  turning 
cakes  on  a  girdle  (obs.)  ;  EC,  sw., 
e.,  nw.,  an  implement  used  in 
thatching. 

Tak'  this  wooden  spurtle  and  fight  for  thy 
life.  Gilpin— Songs,  2nd.    p.  21,  line  2. 

— To  kick  with  the  feet  as  a  child 
does  when  on  the  nurse's  knee ; 
to  flow  in  little  jets. 

An'  dealt  him  monny  a  wordie  smack 
Owr  seydes  an' shoulders,  craig  an' crown, 
Until  the  bluidran  spurtlan  down. 

Stagg — Tom  Knott,   p.  177,  line  14. 

Squab :   see  Swab. 

Squandered,  g.  (skwaan-ddhu'Rd) 
— Said  of  a  covey  of  partridges 
when  broken  up  ;  of  a  family 
separated. 

"  Ah've  an  uncle  livin'  at  Isel,  but  we're 
oa  squandered  aboot." 

Square,  g.(skwaer) — To  put  one's- 
self  in  an .  attitude  for  fighting. 
"Brek  nea  squares" — makes  no 
difference. 

Squary,  g.  (skwae.ri) — Short  and 
broad. 

Squinancy  berries,  (skw  ix.r  mi- 
beruz)  —  Black-currants  —  Bih  a 
nigrum  (Obs.). 

Squirrel's  tail,  nw. — Sea  barley — 
Hordewn  ma ritinmm.     av.ii. 


311 


Squoaveran  callan,  Obs.  (skwau:- 
vu'R'U'n    kaal.U'n)  —  A    jesting 
youth ;  a  rambler. 
But  just  as  Leytle  gev  a  spang 

Leyke  a  feyne  squoaveran  callan. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  12. 

Staap,  Stawp:   see  Staup. 

Stack :   see  Rick. 

Stack  breest :   see  Breest. 

Staddam,  c.  (staad.U'm) — A  dam 
or  weir  across  a  stream.  (Not 
known  to  correspondents.) 

Stadlin'  :   see  Steadlin'. 

Staff  herdin',  n. — Herding  cattle, 
etc.  by  stealth  in  another  man's 
pasture. 

Stag,   G.   (staag)— A  colt  until  a 
yearling ;  a  young  game  cock. 
Both  heavy  and  light  horses,  and  a  mode- 
rate number  of  fell  stags. 

C.  Patr.   1899,  Feb.  24.   p.  2,  col.  2. 

Stage  whipper— The  man  whose 
duty  it  is  to  see  that  there  is  no 
delay  in  the  removal  of  the  full 
tubs  of  coal,  and  replacing  them 
by  "  empties."     R.W.M. 

Staith,  g.  (staeth).  Steer  (steer') 
— A  place  of  deposit  for  coal  till 
wanted  for  shipment  or  sale. 

Stakker,   G.   (staak.U'R') — An  un- 
steadiness, a  reeling. 
Just  wi'  that  I  gev  a  bit  stacker  agean  t' 
deur,  an'  oppen  it  flew. 

Richardson,  2nd.     p.  11,  line  7. 

Stammer,  g.  (staamjj'R').  Stum- 
mer — To  stumble. 

T'  oald  yoad  went  stammerin'  heam. 

Gibson — Cursty  Benn.   Stz.  6. 

When  they  war  fairly  in  t'  deepest  on't 
(stream),  Tom  mannisht  ta  stummer  an' 
fo*.  Cumbriana.     p.  11,  line  9. 

Stand  (staand).  (a,  ws,  e.) — A 
cattle  grass ;  (c.)  the  large  washing 
tub  in  which  the  dolly  is  worked. 


Standert,  g.  not  sw.  (staanddh.- 
U'R't)  —  Standard  ;  the  upright 
against  which  the  double  barn- 
doors shut.  An  old  person. 
Theer's  nut  menny  fwok  left  noo,  ah  lay 
— nobbut  a  few  o'  t'  oald  standerts. 

W.C.T.X.   1897.   p4,  col.  1. 

Stand  for,  G. — To  become  sponsor 
for. 

Stang,  G.  (staang).     Steng,  n.,  e., 
sw.   (steng) — A   sting ;    a   pole. 
See  Car-stang. 
A  bee  was  nettled  at  the  wrang, 
And  gave  his  hand  a  dispert  stang. 

Relph — 19th  Idyll.  Theocr.    line  4. 

Stanger,  c,  e.,  sw.  (staang.U'r). 
Whamp  c,  Ws.  (waamp)— The 

wasp —  Vespa  vulg, 
"  Keen  as  a  whamp." 

Joe  shuv't  a  pin  intil  his  leg.  ''Betty," 
shootit  Bob,  "is  ter  a  whamp  nest  up 
heear?"       Betty  Wilson,     p.  76,  line  10. 

Stangin',  g.  (staang.itn)  —  Men 
guilty  of  beating  their  wives  have 
been  forcibly  hoisted  astride  of  a 
pole  or  stang,  and  borne  through 
the  village  in  derision.  Unwary 
travellers  are  entrapped  on  Christ- 
mas and  New  Year's  day,  and 
threatened  with  the  stang  until 
they  contribute  a  trifle  to  be  spent 
in  drink. 

T'  gen'ral  resolve  was  i'  stangin'.  Seah 
they  mapped  oot  their  roonds  amang  t' 
neighboorin'  villages,  choosin'  t'  roonds 
they  thowte  measte  likely  to  bring  cash 
to  their  pockets. 

C  Pacq.     1893,  Sept.  21.     p.  6,  col.  1. 

Stank  (staank).  Stenk  (stenk). 
(n.,  e.)  An  artificial  pond,  water 
dammed  up  ;  (n.,  sw.)  a  midden ; 
(a,  k,  nw.)  a  sharp  pain  accom- 
panied by  a  groan. 
Wi'  whup  an'  spur,  thro'  stenk  an'  stoore, 
Set  off  a  jolly  party. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  4. 


312 


— (c.)  To  groan,  moan,      (nc.)   To 
ache  smartly  (J.  Ar). 
"Stankan'   and   greanan   as  if  he  ail't 

summat." 

A  cud  heer  it  stanken',  an'  granken',  an' 
blooen'. 

Christian— Mason's  Ghost,    p.  9,  line  1. 

Stap,  g.  (staap) — Stave  of  a  tub ; 
(a,  nw.)  the  upright  supporting 
the  side  of  a  cart ;  step  of  a 
ladder  or  bar  of  a  gate.  "  Gone 
to  staps" — become  insolvent;  "to 
take  the  staps  out  of  your  bicker" 
— to  humble  you.  See  Bicker, 
Rung. 

T'  skelvins  was  oa  brokken,  t'  earbrig 
was  sooa  rotten  at  t'  corner  staps  steead 
oa  ajy,  an  t'  side  staps  was  hole  o'  them 
brokken  teuh.  Scoap.    p.  217,  line  18. 

Tho'  guidness  wi'  this  new  year  gift  ye, 
Another  eken  to  your  fifty, 
As  tho'  by  stap  an'  stap  'twad  lift  ye 
Clean  owr  the  deyke. 
Stagg — New  Year.    Stz.  3. 

Stape  up,  c,  nw.,  e.  (staep)— To 
upset  or  overturn,  as  a  cart. 

Star  bent,  Whirl  bent,  sw. 
Geus  cworn,  G. — The  Heath  or 
MOSS  Rush — Junrus  squarrosus. 

Stark,    a,  Wi.   (staar'k)  —  Hide- 
bound ;  unnaturally  stiff. 
T'  ley  fur  as. stark  as  t'  town  green. 

Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  8. 

Star  ken,   c,   Ws.    (staa.r'KU'n). 
Storken,  c,  ec,  e.  (stau.R'KU'n) 
— To  stiffen,  coagulate. 
See,  deame,  if  we've  got  a  swop  whuskey, 

I's  sworry  the  rum  bottle's  duin  ! 
We'll  starken  our  keytes,  I'll  upod  us. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  2. 

He  had  eaten  mutton  and  mutton  fat  till 
it  "  fairly  stokent  on  his  stummick."   J.B. 

Stark  mad,  0.     Dancin'  mad. 

—  In  a  towering  passion ;  de- 
ranged. 


I  nivver  reade  leyke  yen  stark  mad. 
Anderson — The  Peet-cadger.    Stz.  7. 

He  meaad  meh  dancen  mad  wih  t'  impi- 
dent  way  he  said  it.     Scoap.    p.  54,  line  14. 

Stark  neak't,  g.  (staar'k  niaakt). 

Sterk  neak't,  n.  (staerk-niekt) 

entirely  naked  ;  said  of  raw  spirit. 

Stark'd  mother  neak'd  they  skelp*d  about. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  40. 

Stark  weather,  g. — Continued  dry 
and  cold  north  and  east  winds. . 

Starr  Ray,  w. — Starry  Ray  fish — 
liaia  radiata.  Fauna,    p.  469. 

Star  sleet,  c. — Frog  spawn  dropped 
on  the  ground. 

Start,  c.  (staart)— The  long  handle 
of  a  wooden  pail. 

Startle,  g,  (staa.rtul)— Cattle 
startle  when  they  erect  their 
heads  and  tails,  and  gallop  madly 
in  hot  weather  through  fear  of 
the  stinging  flies. 
So  scorching  was  the  weather  in  April, 
The  cows  would  startle. 

Blamire — Stocklewath.    p.  130. 

Starty,  g.  (staa.rti) —  Nervous; 
subject  to  jump  or  start  when 
alarmed. 

'State,  g. — The  land  or  property  of 

a  statesman. 

'Statesman,  g.  (stae.tsmu'n). 
Steatsman,  c,  sw.  (stiaats.- 
mu'n).  Laird,  n.  (laeu'Rd)— 
The  owner  of  an  estate ;  a  yeo- 
man.    See  Lword. 

It's  a  bonnie  job,  if  gentlemen  an'  gentle- 
men's servants  is  to  ower-ride  us  'steats 
fooak.  .  Gibson,    p  200. 

T —  C —  who  was  described  as  a  "  states- 
man." C.Patr.   1894,  June  8.   p.  6,  col.  7. 

Staup,  a,  e.  (staup).  Staap,  sw., 
n.  (staap)  — To  stalk  or  stride 
like  a  cock ;  to  walk  as  in  the 
dark,  in  an  aimless  or  feckless 
fashion. 


313 


They  stoep  i'  their  walking,  leyke  stegs 
amang  heather. 

Rayson — Fellside  Beauties.    Stz.  3. 

"We've  hed  a  sad  stoapen  teyme  on't 
comin'  heame,  it's  sae  dark.      J.H. 

Staupy,  nc.  (statj.pi)  — A  slow 
easy-going  man.     J.  As. 

Staupy,  ws.,  nc.  Glaupy,  nw. 
(glau.pi) —  Unable  to  see  well, 
half  blind. 

Stayk,  G.  not  sw.  (stae.k)— To  wan- 
der listlessly,  to  blunder. 

"  A  girt  staykan  feul." 

Stays,  c,  sw.  (staez).  Trappings, 
c,  sw.  (tr'Aap.inz)— The  breech- 
ings  (including  the  crupper)  of 
driving  harness. 

Stayvel,  c,  e.,  nw.  (stae.vu'l). 
Stewel,  n.,  sw.  (stev.ux)— To 
saunter  about  in  a  listless  or  un- 
certain manner. 

Thar  was  hundreds  an  thousans  o'  fwok 
stavlan  about  on't. 
Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,   p.  130,  line  8. 

T'  pair  on  us  steaavelt  inteh  t'  hoose. 

Scoap.    p.  6,  line  24. 

Stead,  g.  (steed) — An  unenclosed 
plot  on  a  mountain  or  common, 
on  which  certain  individuals  have 
denned  rights,  as  on  Borrowdale, 
Wythburn  and  other  fells.  A 
place  or  spot,  in  combination  as 
DoorsTEAD  or  doorway.  In  place- 
names  of  modern  buildings,  gener- 
ally on  the  sites  of  ruins :  Castle- 

STEADS,    SmithsTEADS. 

Yan  eh  them  at's  eh  t'  habit  eh  climmen 
ower  t'  wo  inteh  t'  foald  eh  peaace  eh 
cummen  in  be  t'  dooar-STEED. 

Scoap.    p.  78,  line  15. 

The  pillar  of  a  covered  midden-STEED. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Mar.  24.    p.  7,  col.  1. 

Steadlin,  a,  sw.  (stiaa'd.lu'n). 
Stadlin,  nw.  (staad.lu'n). 
Stiddle,  nc. — A  foundation  of 
straw  or  brushwood  etc.  for  a  corn 


or  hay  mow,  to  prevent  damp 
rising.  Formerly  dry  turves  were 
most  used.  In  some  parts,  short 
stone  pillars  capped  by  a  flat  stone 
are  used  as  supports  to  a  wooden 
framework,  (nw.)  A  stand  for  a 
beehive. 

Steak  an'  reyse,  n. — The  same  as 
Cock  gard. 

He  went  throo  dooars,  an'  ower  yats,  an' 
jamp  steak-an'  rice. 

Betty  Wilson,   p.  135,  line  10. 

Steany,  c,  ns.,e.(stiaan.i).  Stean't- 
horse,  c,  n.  (stia ant) — A  stallion, 
an  entire  horse. 

Alang  wid  stean'd  horses  to  show  at  the 
fair.  Rayson — Lady  Fair.    Stz.  1. 

He  telt  t'  oald  chap  he  was  war  ner 
Stibbm  Jackson  steaany. 

Scoap.    p.  167,  line  6. 

Steck,  Stetch :   see  Reest. 

Stee,  g.  (stee).  Stey,  n.  (staei) — 
A  ladder. 

We  gat  teh  t'  boddom  of  ooar  girt  lang 
stee  eh  that  seaam  wholl. 

Scoap.    p.  216,  line  7. 

We  hed  a  stey  up  iv  a  crack,  an'  ah  moon- 
tit  it.  W.C.T.X.     1894.     p.  18,  col.  1. 

Steed,  g.  (steed)— Supply. 

"  Rain  com  down  in  good  steed  yesterday." 

— To  supply.  (Not  known  to  cor- 
respondents.) 

Steek  :   see  Steuk. 

Steep  :  see  Rennet. 

Steepin'  rain,  G. — A  drenching  rain. 

Steer  :   see  Staith. 

Steeve,  nw.  (steev) — To  fasten  the 
salmon  net  by  twine  to  a  rope,  by 
passing  the  netting  needle  through 
five  or  six  meshes  of  the  net,  and 
fastening  the  twine  to  the  rope 

again.  Fisherman,   p.  55. 

Steg,  G.  (steg) — A  gander. 

What's  saus'  for  t'  geuse,  is  saus'  for  t' 
steg.  Betty  Wilson,   p.  34,  line  5. 


314 


Stell,  e.  (stel)— A  large  open  drain. 
A  stone-built  place  of  shelter  for 
the  sheep  on  the  moors,  consist- 
ing of  a  solid  centre  and  radiating 
walls,  so  that  shelter  can  be  ob- 
tained whatever  be  the  direction 
of  the  wind. 

The  lavrock  sings  a  song  of  love, 
High,  high  o'er  stream  an'  stell. 

Armstrong — Wanny  Blossoms. 
1876.    p.  7,  line5. 

Steng :  see  Stang. 

Stenk :  see  Stank. 

Stensh,  g.  notsw.  (stensh) — Strong, 
staunch. 
"Hes  ta  yitten  stensh  agean?" 

Stensher,  c,  sw.,  e.  (stensh.U'R')— 
A  staunchion. 

Stent :    see  Stint. 

Stepmother  bit,  g— A  scanty  allow- 
ance. 

Why  the  water  is  as  biting  as  a  step- 
mother welcome. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  159,  line  16. 

Stenk,  n.,  Es.  (stiuok).  Stake,  nw. 
(staek)— A  silly  person. 
And  gif  she  be  but  a  lang  idle  steake. 

Graham — G wordy,    line  42. 

Stenk,  c,  e.,  nw.  (stiuok)  Steek, 
n.,  e.,  sw.  (steek)— To  shut,  close, 
fasten. 

When   ah'd  steuckt  t'  door  efter  us  ah 
COa't  oot.  Scoap.    p.  6,  line  18. 

Come  in,  Tom,  and  steek  t'  door  to  keep 
t'  dogs  out.  Cumbriana.   p.  87,  line  5. 

Steven—  An  assembly  or  gathering. 
(Not  known  to  correspondents.) 
"  To  set  the  steven,"  to  fix  a  meeting. 

Ferguson — p.  222. 

Stevvel :   see  Stayvel. 

Stew,  g.  (stioo).  Stoor  (stoor)— 
Excitement,  confusion,  haste ;  dust 
(in  this  sense,  n.,  ne.,  e.,  use  only 
stoor).  "  In  a  sad  stew,"— in  a 
dilemma,  over-mastered. 


Keep  whussellin'  Rory  o'More; 

To  shew  'at  thoo's  merry,  an'  cares  laal 

aboot  her — 
Thoo'll  seun  put  her  intul  a  stoor. 

Richardson,  2nd.  p.  145,  line  6. 
A  shower  of  snow-stour,  as  the  dust-like 
drift  from  the  ground  is  called. 

Rise  of  River,  p.  22. 
When  I  oppemt  the  duir,  they  threw 
stour  i'  my  een. 

Anderson— Watty,  p.  14,  col.  2,  line  19. 
Stepped  back  out  of  the  way  of  the  stew 
that  was  rising. 

W.C.T.    1899,  May  6.    p.  3,  col.  1. 

Stick.  — The  wooden  token  whereon 
was  branded  the  distinguishing 
number  of  the  hewer  in  the  coal 
pit.  It  was,  and  is,  a  most  heinous 
offence  to  stick  tubs  or  baskets,  i.e., 
for  one  man  to  remove  another's 
number  from  a  tub  of  coals,  and 
replace  it  by  his  own.    r.w.m. 

Stick,  wid  a  — :  g.    Stick  in' t,  c, 

nw. — A  glass  of  spirits,  generally 
rum,  added  to  the  pint  of  beer. 
She  wad  treat  him  till  a  pint  o'  net  yal 
wid  a  stick.       W.C.T.H.  1893.  p.  9,  col.  3. 

For  a  whart  o'  het  yel,  an  a  stick  in't. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wedding.   Stz.  20. 

Stick  by  t'  rib  :  see  Cow't  lword. 

Stick  dyke,  c—  A  fence  made  en- 
tirely of  dead  or  brush-wood. 

Stickin,  g.  (stik-U'n)— "  Yon  tree's 
fairly  stickin'  wid  pears  " — heavily 
laden,  thickly  set. 

Stickin,  w. — The  detritus  found  be- 
tween the  two  sides  or  cheeks  of 
a  fault.  Generally  a  thick  stickin 
indicates  a  large  fault.    r.w.m. 

Stickle,  g.(stiku'l)— Fright,  alarm; 
a  bewildered  or  confused  state  of 
mind. 
"In  a  parlish  stickle." 

Inside,  Nancy  was  in  a  terrabel  stickel, 
She  pray't  for  uphill  grund  aw  t'  way. 
Betty  Wilson,   p.  150,  line  7. 


15 


Stick  up  for,  g. — To  advocate. 

"He  stack  up  well  for  Tom." 

Sticky  back :  see  Clavver  grass. 

Stiddle,sw.  (staaid.ut).  Steydal, 
w.,  sw.  (staeldu'l)— A  prop. 
(nw.)  Fusty  or  mouldy ;  it  is  an 
old  word,  and  never  used  by  young 
people  (j.h.).    See  Steadlin. 

A  snow  in  the  month  o'  May 
Meks  pensy  kye  eat  steydal  hay. 

Old  Saying. 

Stiddy,  g.  (stid.i).     Studdy,  n. 
(stuod.i) — An  anvil,  smithy. 
Thear    wur  a    steddy   en    men   maakin 
horse-shoon. 
Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogues,  p.  76,  line  6. 

Stife,  n.,  e.  (staeif) — Strong,  sturdy, 
obstinate.     See  also  Styth. 

St  iff  an',  c.  Stiff ener,  b.  (stif.- 
U'NU'R') — A  manifest  falsehood. 

"That  is  a  stiffener." 

Stigh,  c.r  n.  (stigh).— Hissteigh. 
Terms  used  in  driving  pigs. 

Still,  sw. — Used  interjectionally. 

Still  an'  on,  g. — Nevertheless. 

"  Still  an'  on,  tuclder  was  better." 

Still  an  on  theer  was  yah  thing  keept 
bodderan  om  nieh  terrably. 

Scoap.    p.  200,  line  9. 

Stilt,  g.  (stilt)— The  arm  and  handle 
of  a  plough. 

As  weel  I  know,   when   t'  plew   stilts 

hoddin. 
Thoo  sang.    Richardson,  2nd.    p.  69,  line  3. 

— To  walk  in  a  stiff  manner. 

He  was   stiltin'  away  wid  it  iv  a  bag 
ower  his  back.  Betty  Wilson,  p.  19,  line  5. 

Sting-fish,   nw. — Viper  Weever — 

Tracltinus  vipcra.     Fauna,  p.  477. 

Stingy  :   see  Spingy. 

Stink  clock,  sw. — The  Burying  or 
Church  -  yard  beetle — Necrophorus 
sepvltor.    W.H. 

Stinkin1  Bobby  :  see  Bleudwort. 


Stinkin  Roger,  g.  Stinkin  Chris- 
topher—The knotted  Figwort — 
Scrophularia  nodosa. 

Stint,  g.  (stint).  Stent,  n.  (stent) 
— A  cattle  grass ;  a  limit  or  bound- 
ary. The  right  to  stint.  The 
animal  put  on  the  stint. 

The  plaintiff  took  two  stints,  entitling 
him  to  place  a  horse  on  the  marsh. 

C.  Patr     1893,  Nov.  3.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

The  annual  meeting  of  STiNTholders  .  .  . 
was  held  at  the  Wheatsheaf  Inn. 

C.  Patr.     1894,  May  4.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

The  snow  has  left  the  fells  and  fled 
And  to  their  stints  the  becks  are  fawn. 
Relph — Horace,  Bk.  II.   Ode  7,  line  1. 

One  yearling  horse  is  a  stint,  an  aged 
horse  is  two  stints  ;  two  ewes  with  their 
followers  not  having  more  than  two  lambs 
each,  make  a  stint,  four  sheep  of  any  other 
age  make  a  stint.    J.H. 

— To  limit;  to  send  out  cattle  to 
grass. 

Two   'ooars  was  his  stintit  dinner  time. 
Betty  Wilson,   p.  62,  line  5. 

There  was  other  land  on  which  he  could 
stint  the  cows. 

C.  Patr.   1895,  Oct.  18.   p.  7,  col.  3. 

Troutbeck  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
which  are  called  hundreds,  each  hundred 
having  a  large  stinted  pasture. 

Cumbriana.    p.  325,  line  10. 

Stint  age,  g.  (stint.ij). 

The  old  herds  were  re-appointed  for  the 
summer  stintage. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  May  4.   p.  3,  col.  7. 

Stinted  to,  g. — Having  been  served 
by  a  horse,  but  not  necessarily  in 
foal.  , 

Brown  mare,  stinted  to  "Lord  Park." 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  25.    p.  1,  col.  4. 

Stinty,  g.  (stint.i).    Stenty,  n. 
(stent.i) — Limited,  reserved. 
We  freely  spak  whate'er  we  thought 
Without  being  stenty. 

Stagg — New  Year.    Stz.  22. 


316 


St  irk,   g.   (stuor'k).     Strick— A 
yearling  heifer  or  bullock. 

Short-horn  bullock  stirks  to  £8. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  Mar.  30.   p.  2,  col.  2. 
He  kept  two  cows,  a  stirk,  and  a  pig. 

C.  Patr.   1893,  Oct.  20.   p.  6,  col.  6. 
Heifer  stirks  to  £ll. 

C.  Patr.   1899,  Jan.  27.   p.  2,  col.  4. 

Stir  ran,   c,  e.,   sw.   (stuor'.U'n). 
Sturran,  n.— Stirring,  active. 
"  He's  a  stirran  lad,  yon." 

Stirrup  oil,  c.    Strap  oil — A  beat- 
ing with  a  strap. 

"  Send  him  to  the  cobbler's  for  a  pen'orth 
o'  stirrup  oil  '' — a  common  practical  joke 
played  on  April  Fool's  Day;  the  result 
was  generally  a  strapping. 

Stirrup  Sunday,  G. — Twenty-fifth 
Sunday  after  Trinity.  On  this 
Sunday  it  was  customary  (nc.)  to 
have  a  rice  pudding  for  dinner, 
and  to  repeat  the  following : 
Stir  up  we  beseech  thee  the  pudding  in 

the  pot, 
Stir't  up  we  beseech  thee,  and  keep  it  all 

hot. 

Stitch,  G.  (stich) — A  narrow  ridge 
of  land  on  which  potatoes,  etc., 
are  grown ;  the  crop  itself  is  fre- 
quently included  in  the  term. 
Sum  crops  is  hevvy,  as  menny  as  six 
bagfuls  on  a  stitch. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  28,  line  21. 

The  stitch  of  potato  is  not  the  furrow. 
Lake  Country,  App.  I. 

A  young  woman  so  engaged  by  a  Wigton 
farmer  left  her  work,  after  thinning  one 
stitch.  The  farmer  meeting  her  some 
time  after  asked  her  why  she  left.  She 
innocently  said:  "Maister,  ah  could  mak 
nowt  at  them — t'  stitches  war  sea  lang." 
E.  C.  News.   1896,  Sept.  5.   p.  8,  col.  6. 

— To  form  the  ridge  on  which  pota- 
toes or  turnips  are  grown. 
He  was  stitching  all  day,  and  witness 
was  working  with  him. 

C.  Patr.   1896,  June  26.   p.  3,  col.  8. 


Stive,  ne.  (staaiv) — To  suffocate, 
fill  up. 

When  Ralph  was  stiv'd  as  fou  as  few 
could  be.       Graham — Gwordy.   line  108. 

Some  wi'  gullies  whang'd  the  leavvs  i'  bits. 
Some  stiv'd  the  keal  wi'  bout'd  bread  sea 
good. 

Gilpin — Poetry.  Death  of  Roger, 
p.  204,  line  7. 

Stiving,  c.  (staai.vun)— Cramming, 
repleting;  said  of  a  glass  of  spirits 
when  the  quantity  is  great,  and 
the  quality  good. 
This  stick  in  a  pint  was  a  steevin'  glass 
o'  rum.   C.  Pacq.  1893,  Sept.  21.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Sto,  c,  e.  (stau).     Staa,  sw.,  n. 
(staa) — A  stall.     A  surfeit. 
Here's  baby-laikins,  rowth  o'  speyce, 
On  sta's  an'  ra's  estended. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  29. 

— To  place ;  to  stall.  To  surfeit, 
cram. 

Plenty  o'  butter  wad  sto  a  dog.    Saying. 

"  Hang  bisness ! "  says  t'  whamp,  "  What 
ther  nea  plezer  in't.  I'se  startin'  to  stow, 
I  mun  gang."   Says  t'  bee,  "  Oh ! " 

Yance-a-Year.   p.  14,  line  10. 

Stob,   g.  (staub)— A  post,  stake; 
(b.)  a  splinter  in  the  flesh. 
Wad  scoald  acose  ah  dudn't  stick  t'  laal 
iron  stob  in  strete  eneuf  for  em. 

Scoap.   p.  79,  line  17. 

Ah  seen  a  white  stob  or  a  yat-stook  that 

meade  me  start  wid  t'  meune  shinen  on't. 

W.C.T.X.   1893.   p.  7,  col.  3. 

Stocked,  g.,  (staukt)— Applied  to 
the  puffing  of  horses'  legs. 

Terrible  stocked.     J.  An. 

Stocking,  throw  the  —  :  "When 
the  wedding  day  had  come  to  an 
end,  the  bride  was  conducted  up- 
stairs by  the  unmarried  women, 
who  stood  at  the  foot  of  the  bed 
whilst  the  bride,  sitting  thereon 
with  her  back  turned  towards  the 
women,  would  draw  off  her  left 


317 


stocking  and  throw  it  over  her 
shoulder ;  whomever  this  stocking 
struck  would  be  the  next  bride. 
What !  breyde  forgat  flingin  the  stokin. 
Anderson — Codbeck  Wed.  Stz.  21. 
Stocking  foot,  G. — To  be  in  stocking 
feet  is  to  have  no  shoes  on. 
The  defendant  came  out  in  his  stocking 
feet.      C.  Patr.   1895,  Jan.  11.   p.  3,  col.  5. 

Stoke  pan:  see  Shank  pan. 

Stook,  g.  (stook) — Twelve  sheaves 
of  corn  set  up  in  a  field ;  the  num- 
ber varies  according  to  the  district. 
Two  stooks  make  a  threve. 
Gat  hissel  intil  a  harvest  field  to  shear  by 
stook.     C.  Pacq.   1893,  May  11.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Stools — These  have  special  names 
according  to  the  purposes  for  which 
they  were  required,  thus :  Coppy 
steul,  cracket,  sheep,  clippin  and 
milkin  steul  or  gommarel,  clwose- 
steul  or  night-commode. 

Stoond,  c,  e.,  nw.  (stoond).  Stoon, 
n.,  sw.  (stoon) — The  pain  resulting 
from  a  blow,  etc. 
It  feister't  an'  wark't  wid  sa  beadless  a 

stoon, 
'At  rist  he  gat  nin. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.  Stz.  3. 
He  com  ding  agean  a  steane  wid  his  big 
toe.  .  .  When  t'  stoon  hed  partly  what 
gitten  ower,  he  meade  a  fresh  start. 

W.C.T.X.   p.  7,  col.  2. 

— To  astound  ;  to  be  filled  with  won- 
der ;  to  benumb ;  to  ache  by  reason 
of  a  severe  and  sudden  pain. 

At  toun,  kurk,  market,  dance  or  fair, 
She  meks  their  hearts  aw  stoun. 

Anderson — Thuirsby  Witch.   Stz.  3. 
And  gave  his  hand  a  dispert  stang ; 
It  stoundit  sare,  and  sare  it  swell'd. 

Relph — 19th  Idyll,  Theocr.   line  4. 

Stoop,  G.  (stoop)— A  gate  post ;  the 
turning  post  in  a  race  ;  support. 
Stood  wid  his  back  ageane  a  yat  stoop. 

C.  Pacq.  1893,  Aug.  17.  p.  6,  col.  2. 
"  That  woman  hes  a  son  meks  5s.  a  week, 
he's  a  good  stoop  to  his  mudder." 


Stoor :   see  Stew. 

Stoory,  Ns.  (stoo.R'i)— Warmed  ale, 
sweetened  and  mixed  with  oat- 
meal ;  almost  obsolete. 
Het  pints  o'  yal  an'  stoorie  disappeared 
like  magic. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  21.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Stoory,  g.  Stewy,  sw.  (stioo.i) — 
Dusty.    See  Stew. 

What  the  Beyble  ligs  stoury  abuin  the 
duir  head. 

Anderson — Calep  Crosby.   Stz.  2. 

Stoothe,  G.  (stoodh)— To  plaster  a 
wall  by  the  application  of  battens 
and  laths. 

Stoothen,  g.  (stoo.thu'n) — A  divi- 
sion wall  of  laths  and  plaster. 
Wi'  a  rounge  the  yieldin'  hinges 
Frae  the  partin'  stoothens  flee. 

Stagg — Return.   Stz.  25. 

Stoov-bittit,  c,  wc.  Stow-forkt, 
c,  ec,  sw.  (stauw)— Having  the 
top  of  the  ear  cut  off,  and  a  tri- 
angular piece  cut  off  from  the  top 
of  the  remainder.  See  Lug  mark. 

Stoov't,  c,  wc,  sw.  (stoovt). 
Stwoavt.  Tovt,  n.  (tauvt)— 
Being  ear-marked  by  having  the 
top  of  the  ear  cut  off.  See  Lug 
mark. 

If  we  cut  off  the  top  of  the  ear,  we  say 
its  ear  is  clipped  or  stuffed  (stoved). 

Rawnsley.   p.  167,  line  17. 

Stop,  G.  (staup)— To  stay  ;  to  stow 
or  pack  ;  to  thrust. 
"Stop  them  things  into  t'  drawer." 
"Stop  the  poker  into  the  fire." 
Ah  stoppt  t'  beuck  iv  his  neif. 

Scoap.   p.  116,  line  5. 

Stope  :   see  Staup. 

Stoppan  spot,  g. — The  limit. 

"  Iv'ry  thing  hes  a  stoppan  spot  bit  time." 

Store,  G.  (staur') — To  set  store  on 
a  thing  is  to  put  value  or  place 
dependence  upon  it. 

Storken :   see  Starken. 


318 


Stormcock  :  sou  Mountain 
Throstle. 

Stot,  c.  (staut).  Stut,  c,  n.  (stuot). 
Stud,  n.  (stuod)— To  rebound; 
to  bound  as  a  sheep  or  deer  does 
when  jumping  with  all  feet  to- 
gether. 

A  chap  wid  a  box  hat's  a  grand  landmark, 
an' t'  hard  pezz  rattle  an'  stut  off  it. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Oct.  26.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

He  meade  t'  bolt — wid  that  wooden  fur- 
rem  stut,  stuttin'  efter  him.  Ditto.  May  25. 

Stotter,  Stottingba',  g. — An  India- 
rubber  ball  covered  with  net, 
popular  with  children  60  years 
ago.    J.  Ar.     See  Stowter. 

Stove,  e.  (stauv  ;  stwauv)  —  A 
young  shoot  of  wood. 

— (g.)  To  stifle  bees  with  brimstone. 
Udders  wad  bar  up  t'  chimley  an  stwove 
ivverybody  oot. 

•  C.  Pacq.   1893,  Dec.  21.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Stower,  g.  (stauwr')— Estover  ;  a 

stake  ;  handle  of  a  poke-net. 

(His  girt  cwoat)  wad  ha  been  just  as  good 

a  fit  if  it  hed  been  hung  on  a  dyke  stower. 

Scoap.   p.  25,  line  1. 

Stower  and  yedder  :  see  Cock- 
gar  d. 

Stow  fork't :   see  Stoov-bittit. 

Stowp,  b.(stauwp)— A  place  where 
slate  pencils  are  obtained  from 
the  clay-slate  overlying  the  coal 
measures. 

Stowter,  g.  (stauw.tthu'R').  Stot- 
ter, c,  sw.  (STAUTTH.U'R)  — To 
walk  clumsily ;  (n.,  b.)  to  stagger 
or  stumble. 

"  He  stowter't  ower,  and  doon  he  went." 
He'd  weade  thro'  the  durt  buin  his  tnee, 

It  cuilt  his  het  heart,  silly  gander ! 
An  theer  let  him  stowter  fer  me ! 
Anderson — Bundles  ov  Oddities.  Stz.  5. 
— N. — Unsteady. 


Stracklin,  x.  (str'Aak.lin) — A 
spendthrift. 

The   stracklin  spends   gude   neane  an' 
gear.      Echoes — I  niver  rued.   Stz.  3. 

Straddel't,  g.  (straad.ult)— 
Brought  to  a  stand,  stuck  fast. 
I  think  oald  P —  was  varra  nar  strad- 
del't iv  his  sarmon.  Gibson,  p.  200. 
"  I's  straddel't,"  says  I.  "  I's  fairly  maiz't," 
says  I.  "  I  left  sum'at  ahint  me  at  Kes'ick' 
...  an'  what  it  is  I  cannot  tell." 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,   p.  19,  line  16. 

A  was  that  straddlet,  an'  maiz't  wid  his 
impidence  that  a  went  till  my  seat. 

Mary  Drayson.    p.  24,  line  6. 

Strake,  c,  sw.  (str'aek).    Streak, 

(C.,     STR'IAEK  ;      SW.,     STREECK). 

Streek,    a,   n.— A   stroke.     The 

mark  of  ownery  made  on  a  sheep's 

fleece  in  ruddle,    See  Shepherd's 

Beuk. 

A  star,  a  cross. .  .  .  and  pops  and  strokes 

— in  all  directions  of  the  fleece,  complete 

the  varieties.  Fells,    p.  174,  line  7. 

— To  stretch  ;  lay  out  a  corpse.  To 
draw  over  lightly,  as  a  rake  over 
soil  of  flower-bed.  In  country 
places  a  streekin'  is  commonly  fol- 
lowed by  a  tea-drinking  and  after- 
noon's gossip  in  a  low  tone,  at  the 
coze-house.  To  place  the  owner's 
mark  on  the  sheep's  fleece  in  ruddle. 
Lang  streek'd  out  owr  the  clean  hearth- 
steane.  Stagg — AuldLangSeyne.  Stz.  15. 
If  it  wasn't  fer  t'  odd  brass  at  he  pickt  up 
frae  sec  customers  as  us,  t'  wife  an  bames 
wad  seunn  be  fit  fer  streekin. 

Scoap.   p.  214,  line  14. 
Salving  and  strakino  or  marking. 

Rawnsley.   p.  183,  line  15. 

Strake,  c.  Streak,  c,  e.  Straker, 
sw.  (str'ae.kur).  Streaker,  c, 
nw.  (striaa.ku'r)— A  flat  piece  of 
wood  used  for  levelling  grain 
heaped  up  in  the  measure ;  a 
strike. 


319 


Strakes,  a  (str'AEKs) — Lengths  of 
iron  in  former  use  for  wheel  tyres. 

Strammer :   see  Strrnnmer. 

Strang,   g.    (str'Aang) — Strong, 
foetid. 
"Strang  as  rotten  cheese." 

When  winter  winds  blow  Strang  and 
keen.  Richardson,  1st.   p.  14,  line  1. 

Strap,  G.  (str'Aap)— Goods  or  money 
received  on  credit. 

Tommy  swiped  or  drunk  on  .  .  .  till  he 
had  "  nea  brass,"  and  strap  or  credit  was 
no  longer  to  be  had. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Strawberry  Loggerheed,   c,  nc, 

Ws.    (STR'AU.BER'.I-LAUG.U'R'EED — 

Common  tiger  moth— Arctia  caia. 
(gd.).     See  Loggerheed. 

Strea  cabbish,  c,  w.,  sw. — An  ex- 
pression of  extreme  contempt,  as 
for  anything  utterly  valueless. 
Ah  dudn't  care  a  hoapenny  .  .  .  ner  a 
streeah,  ner  a  streeah-cabbish  for  t' 
varra  best  fella  amang  them. 

Scoap.    p.  9,  line  10. 

Streak,  Streaker,  Streek  :  see 
Strake. 

Streemers,  c,  n.  (str'ee.mu'R'z). 
Streeamers,  sw.  (str'eeu'.mu'R'z) 
Northern  lights— A urora  borealis. 

Strenth  o'  men  and  pitchforks, 

c,  sw. — Power,  influence,  exertion. 

Strickle,  g.  (striku'l)— A  sanded 
piece  of  wood  used  for  sharpening 
scythes.     Obs. 

T  lads  gat  oot  their  scys;  saw   ...   if 

theear  was  a  proper  pleace  for  t'  strickle. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  17.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Striddle,  g.  (strid.U'l).  Struddle, 
g.  not  sw.  (str'uod.U'l)— Stride, 
straddle. 

T  snow  was  thick,  an'  mead  it  bad  to  woke, 
Sooa  mid-leg  deep  we  striddel't  on. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.   Stz.  13. 


Whoke  iv  oa  yages  an  sizes,  straddlen 
an  squeezen  yan  anudder  atween  a  heck 
an  a  hogwholl  eh  t'  wincleh. 

Scoap.   p.  14,  line  1. 

Strike -a-leet— This  machine  was 
invented  by  one  of  the  Speddings 
of  Mirehouse,  mine-agent  to  the 
Lowthers.  It  consisted  of  a  cir- 
cular disc  of  steel  worked  by  a 
handle,  and  rubbing  continuously 
against  a  fixed  piece  of  flint,  a 
stream  of  sparks  was  produced, 
which  enabled  the  miners  to  see 
their  work.  It  was  about  18  ins. 
long  and  10  ins.  high.     j.b. 

Strike  street,  Cs.,  nw. — To  balance 
the  matter  evenly. 

Strikin  knife,  G.    Choppin  knife, 

G.  Chopper,  G. — Butcher's  cleaver. 

A  machine  full  eh  strikin  knives  an  saws. 

Scoap.    p.  97,  line  10. 

Strint,  c.  (strint).  Strwoan,  c,  e. 
(stR'waun)— A  term  for  the  milk 
as  it  is  drawn  from  the  teat  by  the 
hand ;  a  very  small  quantity. 
"A  strint  o'  milk." 

— To  milk  laboriously. 

Strinty,  (strint.i).  Strunty 
(str'uont.i)— Dwarfish. 

Strip,  g.(str'Ip)— To  draw  the  after- 
milkings  of  cows  or  ewes. 

They  (sheep)  submit,  without  whimper, 
to  tying  and  stripping. 

Cumbriana.   p,  247,  line  1. 

Stripper,   g.   (strip.U'R') — A    cow 

that  is  nearly  dry,  or  that  has  been 

milked  for  a  long  time. 

Mostly  stripper  cows,  which  were  sold. 

E.  C.  News.   April  28,  1894.   p.  2,  col.  1. 

Strippins,  g.  (str'ip.inz) — The  last 
milk  drawn  from  a  cow  at  a  milk- 
ing, said  to  be  richer  than  the  rest. 

Stritch,    c,  Ws,   e.   (str'ich)— To 
strut  haughtily  ;  stretch. 
And  rich  green  fields  o'  grass  and  grain 
Stritch  reet  away  tull  t'  sea. 

W.C.T.H.  1894.   p.  16,  col.  2. 


320 


Stritcher,  g.  (str-ich.U'R')— 
Stretcher ;  a  softened  term  for  an 
untruth. 

This  is  a  fair  example  o't  yarns  'at  Perry 

used  to  spin,  an  lots  o'  fwoke,  if  they  hed 

hard  as  rnenny  of  his  stritchers  as  ah  hev. 

.W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  7,  col.  3. 

Stroke,  g.  (strauk  ;  strwauk)— 
Step,  measure. 

"  He  hes  a  lang  stroke  o'  t'  grund  " — he 
takes  long  strides. 

Ah  wad  ha  that  chap  teh  mind  his  gurse 
nail . .  .  afwoar  he  gits  hofe  through  wih 
that  yird  stroke  eh  his. 

Scoap.    p.  81,  line  2. 

Stroke,  g.  Chop,  c.  (chaup)— A 
term  expressing  quantity,  great  or 
small. 

"He  hesn't  deuna  stroke  o'  wark  this 
many  a  lang  day." 
T  snaffles  hedn't  duin  a  chop  o'  wark. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  10,  col.  2. 

Strone  (str'Aun) — A  tenant  who 
is  bound  to  assist  the  landlord,  in 
hunting,  and  turning  the  red  deer 
on  the  tops  of  the  mountains  to 
the  forest  (Nicholson  and  Burn's  "West. 
and  Cumb.).     See  also  Strint. 

Strop,  nw.  (str'Iup) — A  ring  made 
of  wands  of  wythe  or  hazel  which 
are  twined  and  wrought  together 
threeply  after  the  manner  of  a 
rope.     Fisherman,    p.  42.     Obsolesc. 

— To   tie   the   bottom  rope  of  the 
stake-net  to  the  top  of  the  stake. 
To  shut  the  stake-nets  up  by  pulling  the 
strops  to  the  top  of  the  stakes, and  throw- 
ing the  pocks  over  the  upper-rope. 

Fisherman,    p.  47. 

Stroppan',  g.  (straup.U'n).— Strap- 
ping, tall,  active. 

Most  o'  fwoks  'at  was  ennybody  was 
colliers,  an'  strappin  fellows  some  on 
them  was.  W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Strucken,  g.  (struok.U'n)— Struck, 
stricken;  fly-blown. 
T'  Blencathra  Hounds  hev  strukken  t' 
drag  !  W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  3. 


Struddle  :  see  Striddle. 

Strummer,  c,  Ws.  (stroum.U'R'). 
Strammer  (straam.U'R') —  A 
great  lie,  falsehood. 

Strunt,  Ns.  (struont)— Pet,  sulks, 
a  fit  of  obstinacy. 
A  horse  that  refuses  to  draw  is  said  to 
"  tak  the  strunt  "  (Ferguson — Dialect. 

p.  140). 

Strunty:   see  Strinty. 

Strwoan :   see  Strint. 

Stubs,  c.,e.,nw.(stuobz).  Stumps, 
G.  not  sw. — The  old  nails  from  a 
horse's  shoe — used  for  clog  nails. 

Stud,  Stut :  see  Stot. 

Studdy :   see  Stiddy. 

Stuffment,  g.  (stuof.mu'Nt)—  Some- 
thing worthless ;  doubtful  inform- 
ation. 

A  pedder,  wi'  stuffment,  she  sauntert  aw 
roun. 

Anderson — Juggy  Mulrooney.    Stz.  1. 

Bowton  happem't  teh  knoa  a  gay  deal 
mair  aboot  chimericals  an  stuffment  eh 
that  mak.  Scoap.    p.  157,  line  12. 

Stummer :   see  Stammer. 

Stump  an'  rump,  g. — The  entirety. 
He  felt  t'  lot  stump  an'  rump. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  21 

Stuncliy,  g.  (stuonch)— Short  and 
stout,  thickset. 
"  It's  a  good  laal  stunch  of  a  powny." 

Stunner,  g.  (stuon.U'r) — Some- 
thing extraordinary. 
Thus  t'  biggest  leear  ah've  met  with  yit, 
.  .  .  ah've  hard  some  stunners. 

Scoap.    p.  126,  line  6. 

Styme,  c,  e.,sw.  (staaim).  Steyme. 
N.,  nw.  (staeim)— A  glimmer  of 
light,  used  to  express  darkness. 

Ah  lost  me  seet  as  oleon  as  a  speun,  eigh, 
ah  couldn't  see  a  stymk. 

Scoap.    p.  15,  line  18. 


321 


Styth,  c  (staaith).  Stife,  e.,  n. 
(staeif) — Foul  air  in  a  mine  or 
quarry  after  blasting.  "Back 
smoke."     Lusty  (obs.). 

Mull'd  yell  an'   punch  flew  roun'  leyke 

STEYFE. 

The  fiddler's  a'  gat  fuddled. 

Stagg — Bride  wain.    Stz.  44. 

Suck!  c,  sw.  (sook) — A  call-note 
for  calves. 

Suckan,  c,  sw   (soo.ku'n)— The 
liquor  that  drains   from  a  dung 
.  heap — middin  suckan.     See  Bond 
Sucken. 

Suckeny  land,  e. — Moist  land  of 
good  quality. 

Suds,  to  be  in  — :  G. — To  be  sullen, 
or  in  a  peevish  temper. 
She's  in't  suds  to-day.      Dickinson.   1859. 

Suer,  g.  (sioou'R') — "For  suer,"  a 
common  phrase  meaning  "  for  a 
certainty." 

Suller't,  a,  ws,  n.  (suol.u'R't)  — 
Stuffed  or  choked  up  in  the  chest 
with  a  cold. 

Summat-like,  g. — Likely  for  the 
purpose  ;  pretty  or  becoming. 

"  Theer,  that's  summat-like." 

Summer,  g. — To  pasture  cattle  in 
the  open,  generally  on  the  higher 
slopes,  during  the  summer. 
"  Oor  why  was  summer't  on  t'  fell." 

Summer  geat,  g.— Summer  pas- 
turage. 

Sump,  g.  (suomp).  Middin  sump, 
g.  (mid.in).  Middin  pant,  g.  not 
e.  (paant)— A  puddle;  a  pool 
supplied  by  the  drainage  of  the 
dung  heaps. 

A'v  a  gud  mind  t'  fling  tha  inta  t'  sump. 
Christian — Sailor  Lad.   p.  3,  line  8. 

They  cowp'd  at  last, 
Lang  stretch'd  i'  th'  midden-pant. 

Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  89. 
V 


Sumph,  Ns.,  e.  (suomf)— A  block- 
head. 

This  henpick'd  sumph  has  pruiv'd  an  ass. 
Rayson — Squeeze  Crab.   Stz.  8. 

Sunken  Kirk :   see  Currock. 

Sunkets,  nw.  (suon.kuts)— Some- 
thing.    Obs. 

Wad  tay  wad  give  us  s'unkets  sune, 
We're  aw  as  haw  as  hunters. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  29. 

'Twas  mete  that  sunkets  they  devis'd, 
This  pestment  to  destroy. 

Minstrel — Panic.   Stz.  21. 

Sup,  G.  (suop) — An  indefinite  mea- 
sure of  liquid. 
"  A  girt  sup — A  laal  sup — A  sup  o'  tea." 

His  wife  had  had  a  little  sup,  but  was 

quite  capable  of  taking  care  of  the  child. 

C.  Patr.   1893,  June  2.   p.  3,  col.  6. 

I  seav't  thee  poddish,  Betty  sed, 
Says  Jobby,  They  may  ga  to  t'  pig, 
I  cuddent  touch  a  sup. 

Richardson,  1st.     p.  25. 

There  was  a  good  sup  o'  blood  on  t'  road. 
W.C.T.   1899,  Apr.  8.    p.  8,  col.  4. 

— To  take  liquid  from  a  spoon,  sip; 
to  drink. 

An'  oft  he  santer't  on 
0'  market  days,  an  smeukt  an'  sup't. 

Richardson  1st.   p.  24,  line  2. 

I  cawt  to  sup  cruds  wi'  Dick  Miller. 

Anderson — Sally  Gray.     Stz.  5. 

Supper  bell—  "  So  called  in  the  Cock- 
ermouth  Church-wardens'  books, 
was  rung  at  7  o'clock  from  October 
to  Christmas  since  I  remember." 

J.B. 

Surfeit  of  cold,  a— A  cold  that  is 
difficult  to  get  rid  of;  a  cold  which 
shows  itself  by  outward  signs  as 
cracked  lips,  etc.  The  pronuncia- 
tion of  the  word  varies  consider- 
ably, and  is  frequently  corrupt— a 
sulfur,  etc. 


322 


Suss,  g.  (suos)— The  call  to  hounds 
at  feeding  time. 

Suss !  Suss !  little  hounds.    J.  Ar. 

Swab,  g.  (swaab).  Squab,  c,  sw. 
(skwaab) —  An  inferior  sort  of 
wooden  sofa  not  having  the  box- 
seat  of  the  settle. 

Sit  on  V  squab  till  I  bring  ye  summat  to 
sup  on.  Gibson,   p.  200. 

He  throws  his-sel'  back  on  the  swab,  an' 
surveys  his  work. 

Fireside  Crack,   p.  10,  line  13. 

Swad,  g.  (swaad)— A  pod  or  husk 
of  peas. 

What,  she's  like  Sarah  Scon  as  two  pes  i' 
ya  swad.  Yance-a-Year.  p.  24,  line  8. 

Swadder,  c,  nw.  (swaaddh.U'R'). 
Swadle,  nw.  (swaat.U'l)  —  To 
dabble  in  water. 

A  fine  toppin'd  drake  an'  a  lily  white  duck 
To  swum  in  t'  beck  watter,  an'  swadder 
in  t'  muck. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  239,  line  3. 

Swadderment,  c,  E.  (swaaddh.- 
mu'Nt) — Drink. 

Swaddler,  c.  (swaad.lu'r)— A 
hypocrite. 

Swaddlin,  c. — Hypocritical. 

Or  a  swaddlin'  oald  sneak,  wid  a  snowk 

an'  a  snivel, 
'At  kests  up  his  e'en  when  he  hears  a  ruff 

jwoke.    Gibson — Ned  o' Kes'ick.  Stz.6. 

Swag  belly't,  g.  (swaag)— Corpu- 
lent; the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen 
enlarged. 

Swaik,  g.  (swaaik).  Swyke,  e. 
(swaeik)— A  thinly-made  animal ; 
a  worthless  fellow.  A  person  who 
is  deceitful  (R.K.). 

Swaith. :   see  Swarth. 

Swak,  c. — Treacherous,  slippery. 
(Not  known). 

Swallywhols,c.(swAAL.i).  S  welly 
whols,  e.  (swel.i).  Swilly  h., 
NC. — Large  funnel-shaped  holes  in 


the  ground,  into  which  the  stream 
flows  and  disappears.  Usually  seen 
at  the  outcrop  of  the  cavernous 
limestone. 

Swalter,  c.  (swaal.tthu'r).  Swel- 
ter, E. — To  be  (perspiringly)  ener- 
getic, brisk ;  to  show  off,  swagger. 
Abe  went  swalter  an  aboot  t'  seals  far 
an'  nar  or  idling  away  his  time. 

W.C.T.H.   1898.   p.  10,  col.  1. 

Swamish,  c,  e.,  nw.  (swaam.ish). 
Sweemish,  n.,sw.  (swee.mish)— 
Squeamish,  shy. 

While  deftly  Roger  did  the  swamish  court. 

Gilpin — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger. 

p.  204,  line  11. 

Swang,  c,  ec,  sw.  (swaang)— A 
wet  hollow  lying  among  pasture 
or  arable  land ;  a  field-name.  See 
Seang. 

Hotchan  through  swang  and  through 
syke.  Ccjmbriana.   p.  246,  line  5. 

Swankey,  g.  (swaank.i)— Loosely 
put  together,  flabby ;  inferior,  hun- 
gry. 

Well,mappen  I's  honestish— for  a  swankie. 
Joe  the  Buits.   p.  23,  line  12. 

If  any  mutton  or  beef  is  lean  and  flabby, 
we  say  it  is  swanky.    J.H. 

Swap,  G.  (SWAAP).      Swop,  not  NW. 

(swaup) — Exchange,  barter.  See 
Cowp. 

What  a  good  cwoat  thou's  wearing,  Mr 
Flaycrow.  I  think  thee  an'  me  '11  hev  a 
swap.  W.C.T.X.    1892.    p.  5,  col,  8. 

— To  exchange,  barter. 

The  bullock  which  plaintiff  swapped  with 
Mr  G —  was  one  of  the  animals  which  he 
purchased. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Oct.  12.    p.  6,  col.  4. 

Swape,  c,  EC.  (swaep)— A  lever; 
pump-handle.  "  A  swape  for  the 
font,"  is  entered  in  the  Churchwar- 
dens' book  at  Cockermouth  (J.B.). 


323 


Chancellor  Ferguson  suggests  that 
this  was  an  arrangement  of  levers 
or  pulleys  for  raising  the  top. 
A  draw-well  having  a  swape,  a  bucket, 
an'  a  chain.  Pen.  Obs.    Dec.  28. 

Swarf,  c,  sw.  (sw  a  art)  —  To 
swoon. 

A  think  a  mun  a  swarf't.    A  doon't  kno' 
hoo  lang  a  wus  liggin'  theer. 
Christian — Mason's  Ghost,    p.  11,  line  9. 

Swarm,  b.  (swaarm  ;  swaerm)— 
An  overpowering  host  of  lice  or 
fleas. 

Swarmel,  sw.,  ne.,  nw.  (swaa.- 
R'MU'l)— To  creep  along  a  pole  or 
up  a  tree ;  to  swarm,  scramble. 
A  clergyman  near  Bootle  inquired  of  a 
boy  for  a  place  to  cross  a  swollen  stream, 
and  being  shown  a  pole  laid  across,  he 
hesitated  to  venture,  when  the  boy  said  : 
"My  fadder  swarmel't  it, and  I  swarmel't 
it,  and  cann't  thaww  swarmel't  tu  ?  " 

Swarth,  c,  Ws,  e.  Swaitli,  n. 
(swaeth) — An  apparition. 

Ah  saw  'is  swarth  gang  by.      H.T. 

Lest,  for  the  swarth,  I,  past  retrievan', 
The  substance  forfeit. 

Minstrel.    Stz.  11. 

Swarth,  c,  Es.,  nw.  (swaarth). 
Sward,  sw.  (swaard).  Swat, 
N.  (swaat).  Swad,  Alston. — 
The  skin  of  hams  and  bacon,  (e.) 
"  Also  used  in  speaking  of  after- 
math "  (A.C). 

Swash,  g.  (swaash)— Wet  stuff", 
refuse. 

— To  cut  down,  referring  to  the 
sound  made  by  scythe  when  cut- 
ting.    See  Hev  at. 

Swashy,    g. — Wet,    damp;   weak, 
poor. 
Bit  noo  theer  nowt  bit  swashy  tea. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  31,  line  10. 
V2 


Swat,  g.  (swaat)— A  heavy  fall. 
See  Clap. 

You'll  be  falling  swat  in  the  road  like 
wet  sack.    Son  of  Hag  ar.   III.  p.  19,  line  6. 

— Sit.     See  Swattle  ;  Swet. 

"  Come  in,  and  swat  ye  a  bit." 

I  swattit  mysel'  doon  on  t'  stean  binch. 
Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  22,  line  5. 

Swatch,  c,  nw.  (swaach).  Swat- 
cher,  c,  sw.     Snagger,  sw. — 

A  bill -hook,  (sw.)  If  joiner's 
work  be  badly  done,  it  is  said  to 
be  "nobbut  swatcher  wark"  (R.K.). 

Dykin'  mittens  and  swatch  ; 
To  mend  up  some  gaps. 

Cumbfiana.     p.  243,  line  8. 

Met  a  man  coming  out  with  a  swatcher 
in  his  hand. 

W.C.T.    1898,  April  23.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Swatch,  c,  Es.,  nw. — A  sample, 
pattern. 

"  0'  of  a  swatch  " — all  alike. 

Ah  thowt  a  green  country  gowk  of  his 
swatch  wad  a  mannisht. 

Scoap.    p.  11,  line  17. 

Ye're  no  a  man  at  all,  but  a  bundle  o* 
swatches.       Fireside  Crack.   1896.   p.  60. 

Swatter,  c,  Ws.,  e.  (swaatth.U'r)— 
Drink,  liquor. 

— To  indulge  in  drink ;  to  squander 
time  and  money. 

As  like  as  nut  he  wad  swatter  away  till 
he  gat  mair  nor  he  cud  nicely  carry. 

W.C.T.X.     1894.     p.  7,  col.  1. 

They  kevvel  and  swing,  and  dance  ledder- 
te-spetch,  and  royster  and  swatter  like 
ought.  Cumbriana.     p.  239,  line  2. 

He'd  a  conny  bit  o'  brass  frae  an  auld 
aunt,  but  he  swatter'd  through  it. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  24. 

Swattle,  Ns.  e.  (swaat.U'l).  Swat. 
— To  waste ;  and  (a,  nw.)  to  sip 
intoxicating  beverages,     (b.,  nw). 


324 


To  use  by  little  and  little,  accord- 
ing to  the  song  of  the  swallow  : 
When  we  went  away,  at  Michaelmas  Day, 

Barns  were  full  of  corn  and  hay  ; 
Now  we've  come  back  at  cheery  May  Day, 

It's  all  swittled  and  swattled  away ! 

An  oald  swattlin'  mate  tries  to  lead  Mat 
astray.         Yance  a  Year.    p.  20,  line  12. 

He  swatted  it  all  except  5s. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  July  7.    p.  3,  col.  5. 

Swayth,  g.  (swaeth).  Sweeth., 
n.  (sweeth).  Sway,  sw. — The 
line  of  grass  as  thrown  off  by  each 
stroke  of  the  scythe ;  the  same 
term  is  applied  to  the  grass  cut 
by  a  mowing  machine. 
Rashly  they  scale  the  scattran  swathe. 
Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  17. 

Swaythe  bawk,  g.— The  ridge  of 
longer  grass  observable  at  the 
junction  of  the  swaythes  in  a 
mown  field ;  the  best  mowers 
leave  the  smallest  bawk.  A  pad 
or  cushion  wmich  protects  a  beam 
from  the  friction  of  a  rope  thrown 
over  it  when  hauling  up  the  car- 
cases of  slaughtered  beasts.  See 
Bawks. 

He  may  happen  teh  git  his-sel  liggan 
across  t'  swath-boke  afwoar  he  gits  hofe 
through  wih  that  yird  stroke  eh  his. 

Scoap.    p.  81,  line  2. 

Swayve  (swaev)— To  cause  to 
swing  round  ;  to  wave.  The  use 
of  the  word  in  this  sense  is  re- 
stricted to  certain  parts  (sw.,  w.), 
but  is  elsewhere  synonomous  with 
swayvel.  "  The  likeness  to  wave 
is  only  accidental,  its  real  con- 
nexion is  with  Swayvel "  (w.  w. 

Skeat). 

While  tua  an'  fra,  his  neckleth  he  wad 

SWAVE 

Afoor  hisifeace  the  fa'in'  tears  to  screen. 

Gilpin — Poetry.    Wilkinson's  Death  of 

Roger,    p.  206. 

Swayvel,  g.  (swae.vui).  Swayve , 
nw.    (swaev).      Swaygle,    sw. 


(s wae.gul).  Sweevel, c. (swee.- 
vu'l) — To  reel  and  stagger  like  a 
drunken  man  ;  to  move  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  whole  of  the  body 
is  in  motion,  as  when  descending 
a  mountain  side. 

Besides  he's  gleed  and  swavels  as  he 
gangs.  Graham — Gwordy.    line  96. 

Swayvlin,  G.  (swae.vlin).  Sway- 
vels,  NW.  (SWAE.VU'LZ)— A  big 
loose-jointed  man,  awkward  in  his 
movements.  "  An  unreliable  per- 
son, one  who  swayvels  from  the 
truth  "  (J.  H.). 

Sweel,  g.  (sweel) — To  burn  swiftly 
with  flame ;  to  waste  away  as  does 
a  lighted  candle  in  a  draught. 
An  oil  lamp  sweelin  away  in  t'  coald 
wind.        C.Pacq.    1893,  Nov.  16.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

The  tallow  candles  .  .  .  sweal  and  flare 
in  the  damp  draughts. 

Two  Ways.    p.  97,  line  7. 

Sweels   o'   laughin',   c,   Es.,   nw. 
(sweelz  u'  laaf.U'n)— Peals   of 
laughter. 
What's  o'  t'  sweelen  aboot  ?    J.A. 

Wi'  that  sec  sweels  o'  laughin', 
Brast  oot  o'  ivvery  side  ; 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  174,  line  5. 

Sweepless,  c.,nw.,  sw.  (swee.pless). 
Sapless,  wc.  (saa.ples)— Igno- 
rant person. 
Thou's  warce   then   Ralph,  that  garrac 

gammerstang  ; 
A  parfect  sweepless,  muck  up  tull  his  een. 
Graham — Gwordy.    line  93. 

Sweep-row,  n—  The  row  of  hay 
ready  for  sweeping  or  drawing 
into  a  heap,  preparatory  to  piking. 

Sweer,  c,  nw.  (sweeu'R')— Averse, 
disinclined,  lazy. 

Sweet  brackin,  c,  sw.    Wild 
anise,   s.,  sw.   (aan.is) —  Sweet 
Cicely — Myrrh  it  odorata, 
Smeukt  cleet  leaves  an'  annaseeds. 

Lamplugh.    p.  8,  line  3. 


325 


Sweet-broth. — InBorrowdale  it  was 
formerly  customary  at  clipping 
time  to  make  sweetbroth  as  follows : 
sheep's  head  and  veal  were  tho- 
roughly boiled,  and  then  bruised 
down  in  the  liquor  to  which  boil- 
ing milk  and  abundance  of  cream 
was  added  ;  the  whole  thickened 
with  oatmeal,  sugar,  raisins  and 
currants  was  served  hot  in  bowls. 

J.  Ar. 

Sweet  butter  :   see  Birthday. 

Sweeth. :   see  Swayth. 

Sweet  mart,  c,  sw.  Crag  Mart. 
Clean  Mart,  Obs.  — The  Pine 
Marten — Martcs  sylvestrix.  A  few 
of  these  animals  still  exist  among 
the  Cumberland  mountains.  1897. 
Theear  two  kinds  o'  marts — t'  sweet 
mart  an'  t'  foumart. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Oct.  5th.   p.  6,  col.  1 

Crag  Mart  is  used  in  distinction  to  the 
Pine  Mart,  which  is  locally  supposed  to 
be  a  darker  animal,  lacking  the  yellow 
tinting  considered  characteristic  of  the 
Crag  Mart,  and  more  at  home  among 
trees.  Fauna,    p.  25,  line  14. 

Sweet  Willy,  c— The  Bay  Willow— 
Salix  iH'ntandra. 

Swelt,  c,  sw.  (swelt)— To  swoon ; 
to  be  overcome  with  heat  and  ex- 
ercise. Grass  swelts.  Everything 
swelts  for  want  of  rain. 

Swelter,  g.  (sweltth.U'R') — To  per- 
spire copiously,  to  swoon. 
"  O'  in  a  swelter." 

Wheyle  monny  'mang  the  mingled  group 
0'  th'  geat  war  fit  to  swelter 

Wi'  heat  that  day. 
Stagg— Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  5. 

Swennt,  c,  sw.  (swent).  Swint, 
c,  nw.  (swint).  Shemmelt,  n., 
sw.  (shem.U'Lt)  —  Twisted,  bent 
out  of  truth. 


Swey,  c,  e.,  nw.  (swaei).  Shuggy, 
n.,  e.,  sw.  (shuog.i)— A  child's 
swing  ;  the  act  of  swinging. 

Children  having  a  swing  call  it  hevin'  a 
shuggy.   C  Patr.   1896,  Feb.  14.  p.  7,  col.  3. 

S widder ,  g.(s widdh.U'R').  S wuther , 
n.,  nc.  (swuodh.U'R') — A  mixed 
state  of  perplexity  and  distress, 
acute  enough  to  affect  the  inwards ; 
there  is  always  much  physical  dis- 
turbance with  a  good  swuther. 

A  man  in  a  fair  swidder  at  the  expecta- 
tion of  bad  news,  or  from  any  sudden 
fright,  might  break  out  into  a  cold  sweat. 
A  nervous  horse  would  be  startled  into 
a  state  of  swidder,  and  purging  would 
naturally  follow.      J.  Ar. 

We've  hed  our  ups  and  downs  together, 
An'  oft  thou's  put  me  in  a  swither. 

Scawfell.    1896.   p.  7,  col  2. 

— To  shiver  with  cold ;  hesitate.  In 
a  restricted  sense  it  means  to 
"turn  the  stomach." 

Swift,  e. — Fast,  of  a  clock  which  in 
e.  is  feminine. 
The  Telfer's  clock  was  swift. 

Rise  of  River,   p.  348,  line  7. 

Swifts,  g.  (swifts)— Two  wheels 
were  supported  on  a  vertical  bar 
about  five  feet  high,  and  on  these 
reels  was  put  the  hank  of  yarn  to 
be  wound  on  to  the  pirns  or  bobbin; 
the  wheels  are  movable  up  and 
down  the  upright,  and  kept  in 
their  proper  position  by  thumb- 
screws. The  end  of  the  thread  of 
yarn  was  led  to  and  wound  on  to 
the  pirn  which  was  attached  to 
a  spindle,  and  this  spindle  was 
caused  to  rotate  rapidly  by  means 
of  a  band  which  passed  round  a 
large  wheel  driven  by  the  hand  of 
the  bobbin-winder  who  was  gener- 
ally the  handloom-weaver's  wife. 
See  Slab  stock,  Garnwinnels. 


326 


Swig,  G.  (swig)— To  drink. 

When  back  to  th'  barn  to  sweg, 

They  bows'd  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25. 

Swig  swag,  c,  nc,  sw. — A  pendu- 
lum. 

Swill,  g.  (swil) — A  rough  basket. 
And  at  neet  after  milkin',  and  supper  put 

bye, 
Mak  swills,  or  card  skin  woo. 

Cumbkiana.   p.  237,  line  3. 

Swill,  g.  (swil.  ;  sweel)— To  wash 
out,  rinse. 

They  gat  to  wark  ta  clear  t'  watter  oot ; 
they  couldn't  sweel  it  oot  intil  t'  yard. 
W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  11,  col.  2. 

Swiller,  sw.  (swil.U'r)— A  swill 
maker. 

Swine  away,  c. — To  work  hard,  and 
usually  in  a  dirty  untidy  fashion. 

S.D.B. 
Let  them  swine  away  amang  ther  muck 
an'  durt.  Scoap.    p.  192,  line  5. 

Swine  bow,  c. — A  bow  hung  on  a 
swine's  neck  to  prevent  it  creep- 
ing through  hedges. 

Swine  creuh,  N.,  nw.  (swaein 
kr'IUOGh) — A  pig  stye ;   a  dirty 
hull  or  house. 
"Her  house  is  na  better  ner  a   swine- 


Swine  feast,  b. — An  entertainment 
after  killing  a  pig. 

Swine  ringer,  a— An  officer  ap- 
pointed by  the  Lord  of  the  Manor's 
court.  The  following  extract  de- 
fines his  duty.  "  Meat  (or  fat) 
swine.  We  Order  that  all  swine 
within  Priestgate  and  Workington 
shall  be  double  rung  and  bowed 
before  the  1st  day  of  November 
next." 

Swine  thistle,  Cs.,  n.,  Ws. — Sow — or 
Milk  thistle — Stmekus  oleraeeut. 


Swine  up,  c,  w.  (swaain).  Swipe 
(swaaip)— To  empty  one's  glass 
so  as  to  be  ready  for  a  fresh  sup- 
ply ;  drink  hurriedly ;  make  a 
clean  sweep,  to  wipe  out  arrears ; 
remove  hastily.  Also  used  with 
up. 
We  swipe't  them  up  (whiskey). 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  5,  Mm  8. 

Tommy  swiped,  or  drunk  on  all  night, 
and  all  day.        W.C.T.H.   1893  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Swingle  tail,  c.,NC.,Ws— A  swallow- 
tail dress  coat. 

Swingle  tree,  c.,e.,nw.(swing.U'l). 
Swinglin',   c,  nw.  (swing.lin). 
S winnle  tree,  n.,  sw.  (swin.itl) 
— The  wooden  bar  by  which  the 
traces,  etc.  are  attached   to   the 
plough ;  the  swing-tree. 
The  tug  was  oft  a  piece  of  rope, 
The  swinging  tkee,  a  bough. 
C.  Patr. — Auld  Lang  Sey  ne.  1870,  May  13. 

Swinjer,  g.  (swinj.U'R')— A  great, 
an  astounding  assertion. 
" First  rate ! "  "A  topper ! "  "A  swinjer." 
Scoap.    p.  183,  line  8. 

Swint,  c,  e.  (swint)— To  squint, 
(nw.,  sw.)  When  thatching  a  rick, 
to  put  the  u  seymes"  on  crosswise, 
so  as  to  form  a  pattern.  J.H.  See 
also  A- slew. 

Swipe  :   see  Swine  up. 

Swiper,  g.  (swaai.pu'R*) — A  hard 
drinker. 

Swirl,  c.  sw.,  e.  (swuor'l).  Swurl, 
n.,e.  (swurl)— A  whirling  motion. 
T'  wind  com  i'  sec  a  swirrel. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  140,  line  8. 

They  were  changing  sides  near  the  conduit 
when  the  deceased  gave  a  swirl,  and  threw 
them  into  the  hole. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  June  26.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

— To  whirl  round. 

An'  feed  them  through  this  bitter  shoo'r, 
An'  swirlin'  blindin'  snow. 
Dickinson— Remains,    p.  228,  line  7. 


327 


Swirtle,  c,  sw,  e.  (swuor'.tux). 
Squirtle. — To  move  quickly  and 
tortuously  as  a  small  fish  does  in 
a  small  stream. 

Swish :   see  Whish. 

Switcher,  g.  (swich.U'R')— Any 
fast-going  animal  or  thing. 

Switchin',  c.  (swichjn) — A  beating 
with  a  switch  or  rod.  (b.)  One 
of  the  processes  of  dressing  flax 
by  hand. 

Swittle  :   see  S wattle. 

Swops,  N.  (swaups)— Sups,  messes. 

But  keale  an  poddish  weel  I  leyke, 
An  wheyles  git  swops  o'  crowdy. 
Anderson — Corp'rel  Gowdy.    Stz.  1. 

Sword  dance,  g. — An  ancient  dance 
often  performed  at  Christmas  time ; 
the  steps  are  made  over  two  swords 
crossed  on  the  ground. 
When  the  sword  dance  com'  on 
They  lockt  an'  meade  a  bummel. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  27. 

Swort,  c,  n.  (swauu'Rt).  Soort, 
n.,  e.  (soou'rt).  Sooart,  sw. 
(soou'RT). — A  kind,  sort;  selec- 
tion. 

A  swort  o'  th'  revellan  bruocies, 
Went  lethran  down  to  Lucy's. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  43. 

— To  select,  arrange. 

Swurl :   see  Swirl. 

Swyke  :   see  Swaik. 

Sye,  G.  (saai)— A  scythe  ;  (c,  N.,  e.) 
a  very  small  quantity.  See  also 
Lea. 

"  Robin  sank  a  well,  and  ther  wasn't  a 
sye  o'  watter  in  't." 

Sye  heel,  g.— The  crooked  part  of 
the  scythe  blade  let  into  the  shaft. 

Sye  nail :   see  Girse  nail. 

Syke,  a,  e.  (saaik).  Seyke,  N., 
nw.  (saeik)— A  small  wet  hollow ; 
a  water  course  frequently  dry  in 


summer — Gosling  Syke  ;  a  field  in 
which  springs  of  water  rise,  and 
the  margin  of  a  lake  or  large  pond 
at  times  under  water  (J.  Ar.). 
Hotchan  through  swang  and  through 
syke.  Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  5. 

The  muddy  syke  it  ower-ran  the  wear. 

Gilpin — Poetry.    Death  of  Roger, 
p.  207,  line  10. 

Syle,  G.  (saail  ;  saeil) — A  copious 
drip  ;  a  straining  sieve. 
Keaaty  was  just  gaan  across  t'  foald  inteh 
t'  milkess  wih  a  syle  iv  her  neef. 

Scoap.    p.  67,  line  9. 

— To    strain    through   a   sieve,   to 
dribble. 
"  It  syl't  and  bled." 

Rashly  they  scale  the  scattran  swathe, 
Wi'  zig-zag  fling  the  reakers  tweyne, 
An'  seylin  sweats  their  haffets  bathe. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.    Stz.  17. 

The  kine  had  been  milked  ;  the  milk  had 
beensYLED.   Lizzie  Lorton.  II.  p.  304,  line  9. 

Syle  brig,  g. — A  frame  for  support- 
ing the  SYLE. 

Syle  clout,  g. — A  linen  cloth  em- 
ployed as  a  strainer  for  milk  in 
place  of  wire  gauze. 

Syme,  g.  (saaim).     Seyme,   nw. 
(saeim) — A  straw  rope  used  for 
holding  down  the  thatch  of  stacks. 
Thou  go  upon  the  beach, 
And  make  seymes  out  of  the  sea  sand. 
Silpheo— Wolsty  Castle,    p.  14,  line  4. 

Syme-twiner,  g. — A  machine  for 
making  symes. 

Syne,  g.  (saaln) — To  decant,  drain 
off ;  (a,  sw.,  N.)  to  cease  drawing 
milk  from  a  cow  when  she  ap- 
proaches calving.    See  Pare,  Sen. 

This   pond   hed   to  be   cleaned   oot,  .  .  . 
Than  t'  stuff  was  laid  oot  to  sine. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  May  4.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Farmers  talk  of  seynin'  cows,  i.e.  drying 
up.      D.H. 


328 


Syne  ways,  g. — Sundry  ways. 
"  They  ran  ivry  yan  syne  ways." 
They  fleaawe  syneways  an  ah  follot  furst 
yan  an  than  anudder.    Scoap.  p.  186,  line  8. 

Sype,  g.  (saaip)— To  drain  off,  soak 
through. 

I  held  him  a  laal  bit  to  let  t'  durty  watter 
a  kind  o'  sipe  off. 

Bichardson,  2nd.    p.  34,  line  12. 

Syper,  g.  (saai.pu'R')— A  toper. 

The  Hivverby  lads  at  fair  drinkin  are 

SYPERS. 

Anderson — Bleckell  Murry-Neet.    Stz.  3. 

Syphelt,  c.  (saalfelt)— House- 
look — Senipervivum  tectorum.     Flora. 

Sypins,   g.  (saai.pinz) —  The   last 
drops. 

It  hed  o'  settled  frae  t'  sypins  o-  t'  fells 
intul  sops  i'  t'  limestone. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  20,  line  10. 

Syre,  sw.  (saair') — A  gutter,  vennel 
or  sewer.     (Obs.). 


T',  c,  sw.— The.  This  article  in  its 
abridged  form  is  scarcely  used  in 
the  north  of  the  county.  In  writings 
it  is  generally  attached  to  the  word 
to  which  it  refers;  but  to  follow 
more  correctly  its  use  in  speech,  it 
should  be  coupled  to  the  word  im- 
mediately preceding,  spite  of  the 
awkward  appearance  presented, 
thus :  "  Tak  t'  bottle  to  t'  doctor's  " 
is  more  accurately  represented  by 
"  Tak  't  bottle  to  't  doctor's." 
I  was  meeakin'  heam  alang  t'  rooad. 

Gibson — Oxenfell  Dobby.  p.  92,  line  12. 
We  hed  nout  better  to  drink,  forr  girt 
dub's  as  sote  as  brine. 

Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,    p.  126,  line  4. 

Ta,  (tit)— Thou,  thee.  The  second 
person  singular  in  all  its  forms 
(which  see  in  Preface)  betokens 
familiarity  or  contempt.  See  You. 


Ah'll  thoo  theh,  if  theh  thoo's  meh. 

S.D.B. 
Spiteful  thoughts  that  prompted  him  to 
thou  John.  Mayroyd.   I.   p.  77. 

Taamy  :   see  Tomy. 

Taas    (taas) — Wood  split  thin  to 
make  baskets  with.    (Not  known 
to  correspondents.)     Halliwell. 
Awr  aud  fello  is  soa  leaam  he  can  dea  nowt 
but  rive  taas  for  whisketts  en  teanales. 
Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue  II. 

p.  52,  line  4. 

Tab,  c,  E.,  n.,  nw.  (taab) — The  nar- 
row end  of  a  field,  etc.,  "  Tab  end." 
The  loop  at  the  side  or  back  of  a 
boot,  used  when  pulling  the  boot 
on.  "  Tabs  are  little  cut-out  basques 
on  a  woman's  bodice."     A.c. 

Tack,    G.    (taak)— Any    peculiar 
flavour  or  taste;  a  taint.  SeeTeck. 
"  This  yal  hes  a  tack  o'  t'  cask." 
"  Neither  tack  ner  twist,"  is  said  of  meat 
without  flavour.    A.C. 

Tacket,  g.  (taak.ut) — A  tin-tack. 

Ta-dea,  g.  (tu'-deea;  tu'-diuo) — 
Used  with  reference  to  confusion, 
excitement  etc.  created  amongst 
persons,  when  something  unex- 
pected occurs,  or  when  anything 
is  being  done  hurriedly. 
Theear  was  a  bonny  ta  duah  for  a  bit. 
W.C.T.X.   1895.   p.  11,  col.  2. 

Taen  ;  Tyan  :   see  Tan. 

Taffle,  c,  nw.  (taaf.U'l)— To  throw 
into  disorder ;  to  perplex. 
"It's  a  tafflan  to-day."     "Ey,  it  blows 
o'  round  yan." 

Crops  looked  well,  but  wheat  is  a  good 
deal  taffelt  in  some  places  with  the  wet 
and  cross  winds.      J.H. 

Taffy,  c,  ec,  sw.  Taffy-horn,  c, 
sw.  Taffy- watty,  o.  Taffy-nod- 
dles.— Describes  a  weak-minded, 
thoughtless,  irresolute  person.  In 
sw.  Taffy  describes  the  character 
rather  than  the  individual. 


329 


Taffy,  g.  (taaf.i).  Claggum,  c, 
nw.  (klaag.U'm)  —  Treacle  taffy 
(toffy)  is  made  by  boiling  treacle 
with  one-third  of  its  weight  of 
sugar,  until  it  becomes  quite  hard. 
Claggum  consists  of  boiled  treacle 
only,  which  never  becomes  hard 
but  remains  sticky,  stiff  and  not 
rigid.  Miss  N.  Armstrong. 
Now  heaps  o'  treagle  chaps  brong  in, 
An  taffey  suin  they  meade  us. 

Anderson — Kitt  Capstick.   Stz.  2. 

Taffy  joinin',  g.  (taaf.i  jaui.nin)— 
A  toffy  club.  Young  people  in 
the  country  sometimes  assemble 
on  a  winter  evening  and  subscribe 
a  few  pence  each  to  buy  treacle 
for  making  taffy,  and  to  enjoy  the 
fun  of  slyly  besmearing  each  others 
faces. 

When  there  used  to  be  a  taffy  join,  the 
custom  was  to  ask  a  lot  of  young  men 
and  young  women.  They  all  paid  so 
much  each,  for  the  treacle  and  sugar,  and 
that  was  why  it  was  called  a  taffy  join. 
W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  6,  col.  3. 

Tag :   see  Aglet. 

Taggelt,  c,  Ws.(taag.U'lt).  Taglet, 
n.,e  (taag.let).  Raggelt,  Alston 
(r'AAG.U'Lt)— A  person  of  ill  con- 
duct, lazy,  loutish ;  (nw.)  Tom 
Tagler  is  a  common  nick-name  for 
such  a  person. 
"  An  ill  raggelt  of  a  thing." 

T'  horses  lied  summat  else  teh  deuh  ner 
trail  taggelts  like  me.  Scoap.  p.  11,  line  25. 

Taggy  bell  (taag.i  bel)— The  Cur- 
few bell  rung  at  Penrith  at  8  p.m. 
Taggy  has  been  used  in  modern  times  to 
frighten  children ;  if  out  after  eight  o'clock, 
"  Taggy  would  get  them."  Sullivan,  p.  85. 

Tail  i'  t'  watter  :  see  Hod  tail  i' 
watter. 

Tailor  finish,  g.  French  Grey, 
Redcap,  (wc.)  Banty-Hemp- 
lin,  e. — Lesser  Red-poll — Linota 
rufcscens. 


Taistrel,  g. (tae.stru'l).  Waistrel 
(wae.str'U'l)  —  A  vagabond,  a 
rogue. 

T'  tinklar  taistrels  at  went  reaakan  an 
thievan  aboot  t'  country. 

Scoap.   p.  6,  line  8. 

Wastrels  from  a  distance  congregate, 
like  the  hop-picking  folk  in  Kent.     , 

W.C.T.   1898,  Oct.  1.   p.  4,  col.  6. 

Tak,  c,  E.,  nw.  (taak)— A  trick  or 
lift  in  card  playing ;  the  renting 
of  a  farm  holding ;  the  farm  itself. 
When  a  farmer  went  ontill  a  fresh  tak' 
he  was  back  wid  his  wark. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  10.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Tak-efter,  g.  (taak-eftth.U'R') — 
To  resemble  ;  to  go  after,  pursue. 
"He  taks  efter  t'  fadder." 

"  He  teak  efter  t'  hare." 

Bob  Beck  wad  hev't  at  acose  t'  oald 
priest  was  sec  a  teuff  customer  his-sel, 
his  plantin  teaak  efter  em. 

Scoap.    p.  59,  line  4. 

Takkan,  G.  (taak.U'n)—  Infectious, 
taking. 

Takkin',  g.  (taak.in)— Perplexity, 
distress  of  mind, 
"in  a  sad  takkin." 

When  they  beaath  teaak  teh  ther  heels 
eh  sec  a  takkin  they  startlt  meh. 

Scoap.    p.  73,  line  16. 

Tak  nayberheed,  b. — Accept  as- 
sistance. When  a  poor  person 
dies  the  neighbours  subscribe  to 
bury  him. 

Tak  off,  G. — A  satirist,  mimic. 

"  Neabody  likes  him  for  he's  a  fair  tak  off, 
and  he  taks  ivry  body  off." 

— To  mimic,  satirize;  to  ridicule;  to 
abscond. 

"  If  he  does  n't  pay  his  debts  he'll  hev  to 
tak  his  sel  off  or  lang." 

Sammy  was  a  gert  wag,  an'  gertly  like't 

TAKKIN  fWOk  OFF. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  14.   p.  7,  col.  3. 


330 


Seah,  I  pack't  up  my  duds,  an'  set  off  at 

yance, 
An'  thowt  I  wad  tak  off  to  Lunnen  or 

France.      Richardson,  1st.  p.  51,  line  4. 

Tak  on,  g. — To  be  much  affected  by 
a  melancholy  event. 
"  He  taks  on  sair  " — is  much  distressed. 

"  Don't   tak  on  "    (I    suppose   my  face 
showed  how  cast  down  I  was). 

Two  Ways.    p.  22,  line  14. 

Tak   ower,   G.  — To   go,   generally 
with  a  sense   of  ascending   and 
then  descending. 
It  teukk  ower  be  t'  Cleugh-gill. 

Lamplugh.    p.  6,  line  7. 

Tak  t'  coo  :  see  Coo. 

Tak  t'  shine  off,  g.  (shaain  auf) 
— To  spoil  the  appearance  of;  to 

excel. 

"  He  teuk  t'  shine  off  o'  t'  rest." 

Tak  't  till  his  sel,  c,  Ns. — To  accept 
an  innuendo. 

Tak  up,  G—  To  cease  to  rain,  to 
become  fine. 

"  It'll   seun   tak   up,  for't   wind's   gaan 
roond." 

Tak  up  wid,  g. — To  associate  with. 
Does  t'e  think  I'll  tak  up  wid  Ann 
Dixon's  oald  sheun  ? 

Gibson — Jwohnny.    Stz.  7. 

It  meade  me  as  seeck  as  a  peat, 

To  think  tou'd  teane  up  wid  anudder. 
Anderson — Dicky  Glendining.    Stz.  2. 

Tally  (taal.i)  —  The  squads  in 
which  voters  were  formerly  taken 
to  the  poll  were  called  tallies. 

Ferguson — Dialect,    p.  146. 

Tally-iron,  g.  (taal.i-aai.R'U'n)— 
A  goffering  iron  for  frilling. 

Tan,  g.  (taan)— To  belabour  the 
body. 

Put  plenty  o'  whacks  on  Jim's  seat,  an' 
tanned  his  hide  for  liim. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  18,  col.  2. 


Tangle,  g.  (taang.U'l)— All  plants 
belonging  to  the  Milfoil  —  Myrio- 
phyllum  and  Pondweed — Potamoge- 
ton  tribes.     See  Eel- weed. 

Tangs,  c,  sw.  (taangz).  Tengs, 
n.,  e.  (tengz) — Tongs,  prongs  of 
a  fork. 

Fenders,  tengs,  an  pors.         Anderson — 
The  Cram.    p.  60,  col.  1,  line  10. 

We  takkt  t'  tangs  an  fire  shool  an  bray 
away  till  t'  bees  settle. 

Scoap.    p.  17,  line  28. 

Tannin',  g.  (taan.in)— A  beating. 

He  desarves  a  gud  tannin'  for  th'  trick 
he's  play'd  th'  bonny  lass  ! 

Rosenthal,    p.  249,  line  16. 

Tansy :   see  Murry-neet. 

Tantrum,  G.  (taant.R'U'm)— A  fit 
of  passion ;  whim. 
She  leaap  up  eh  sec  a  tantrum,  an  sez 
she,  "  Wey  burn  t'  picter  o'  theh,  Jim,  fer 
a  girt  clot-heid."  Scoap.    p  68,  line  18. 

Off  he  went  heamm  in  his  tantrums. 

Cumbriana.    p.  10,  line  7. 

Tap  lash,  b.  (taap  laash)— The 
weakest  part  of  a  brewing  of  ale  ; 
generally  three  kinds  —  yel  (or 
yal),  smo'  beer,  and  tap  lash. 

Tap  tire,  c,  n.,  e.  (taap.taair'). 
Toptire  (taup.taair')  —  Uneasi- 
ness. 

He  keept  hoos  i'  toptire.      S.D.B. 

Targe,  G.  (taarj)  —  To  thrash 
severely.    Also  (sw.)  to  copulate. 

Targer,  g.  (taa.R'JU'R*)  —  A  very 
large  object  or  person ;  a  lie ; 
something  out  of  the  common. 
(c.,nw.)  A  person  of  bad  character; 
(nc.)  a  quarrelsome  woman ;  (e.) 
a  cross,  rough  fellow  (a.c.)  ;  (wc.) 
a  peculiar  or  mischievous  person 

(J.B.). 

Targin  (taa.R'JINj— A  severe  thrash- 
ing. 
"  He'll  gi'  thee  a  tarjin,  my  lad. 


331 


Our  little  friend  may  get  a  oilin',  a  twan- 
kin,  or  a  targe-in. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.     p.  12,  col.  4. 

— Monstrous ;  very  great. 

Thoo  is  a  targin'  leear.      S.D.B. 
Tarn,  G.  (taarn) — A  small  lake. 

Angle  Tarn,  Talkin  Tarn. 

We  could  see, eight  or  nine  lakes,  an'  I 

dunnet  know  hoo  menny  tarns. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  125,  line  2. 

Tarn't,  c,  N.,  sw.  (taar'nt)— Ill- 
natured. 

Deuce  tek  sec  weyld  clashes  !  off  she  ran 
heame, 
An  e'en  telt  my  tarn'd  aul  mudder. 
Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  3. 

Tarrable,  n.,  e.  (taa.r'bu'l)  — 
Terrible ;  the  meaning  here  im- 
plied is  not  that  of  anything  very 
serious  or  frightful,  but  something 
extraordinary,  a  a  terrible  fine  day," 


TARRABLE 


hee. 


I  hev'  a  terrible  habit  i'  saying  terrible  ; 
aye,  a  terrible  habit  I  hev'  o'  sayin. 
terrible-terrible  ! 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  24. 

Tassy,  n.,  nw.  (taasj) —  Nice, 
pleasant. 

Tat,  g.  (taat  ;  tiaat) — A  very  small 
quantity.  A  lock  of  matted  wool 
clipped  off  the  hinder  parts  of 
sheep. 

"  A  TEAT  O'  WOO." 

An  wheyles  I  gat  her  teats  ov  hay. 

Anderson — Peet-cadger.    Stz.  10. 

Tat,  c,  sw.  (taat)— That.  A  fell- 
dale  word  exclusively,  and  nearly 
obsolete  in  1860. 

"  Whaa's  tat  ?  "  "  It's  aad  Sharp  o'  Laa 
Birker."  Cumbriana.   p.  165,  line  7. 

Tath  heaps,  Ns.,  e.  (taath  heeaps) 
— Tufts  of  grass  where  cattle  have 
dropped  dung. 

Tathy  grass,  n.,  e.,  ne.  (taath.i)— 
Soft  grass  growing  under  trees. 
Coarse  grass  (A.c). 


Tatter,  g.  (taatth.U'R')  —  Hurry ; 
rage. 

"  In  a  TATTER." 

It  was  far  leater  nor  he  immagin't,  an' 
off  he  set  in  a  tremendes  tatter. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  54,  line  7. 

— To  scold ;  to  hurry. 

To  some  he  points,  to  some  he  flings 

The  keen  reproof. 
He  tattert  on.       Dickinson — Remains, 
p.  145,  line  4,  and  p.  148,  line  1. 

Tatter,  g.  Tatteran. — Cross, 
peevish ;  hurrying,  bustling. 

This  is  a  tatteran  oald  jade. 

An'  sae  tatter  as  he  is  tu !  sae  fractious. 
Lizzie  Lokton.    I.    p.  300,  line  8. 

A  tatterin'  day's  run  on  Widdup  Fells. 
C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  8.    p.  5,  col.  3. 

Tatteran,  g. — A  scolding. 
"  She  gev  him  a  rare  tatteran'." 

Tatter  can,  G. — A  termagant ;  a 
kicking  cow. 

Tatters,  G. — A  scold. 

"  She  gev  him  a  rare  tatteran',  for  she's  a 
fair  tatters  her  sel." 

Tattit,  g.  (taat.it).  Teattit  (tiaat.- 
it).     Tatty,    n.,   sw.   (taat.i)  — 
Matted,  uncombed. 
Her  thick  tatty  hair  is  aw  leyke  a  ling 
besom.      Rayson — Bandylan  Bet.  Stz.  1. 

Frowzy  beard  and  visage  wan, 
Teated  locks  and  garments  tatter'd. 

STAgg — The  Return.   Stz.  32. 

Taty  an'  point,  g.  (tae.ti  u'n 
pauint) — People  too  poor  or  nig- 
gardly to  buy  flesh  meat  have  been 
said  to  provide  a  very  small  piece 
of  butter,  or  bacon  fat,  to  be  placed 
on  the  centre  of  the  dinner-table  ; 
and,  having  loaded  their  spoons 
with  mashed  potatoes,  the  diners 
were  allowed  to  point  towards  but 
not  to  touch  the  morsel — hence 
the  name.  Sometimes  the  piece 
of  bacon  was  hang  up  to  the  ceiling. 


332 


Priest,  come  to  your  taties  (or  taties  and 
point).  Cumbrian  a.    p.  170,  line  6. 

"This  is  not  taty-and-point "  said  her 
husband  ...  as  he  came  up  to  survey  the 
outspread  tables. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,  p.  299,  line  16. 

'Taty  chopper,  g.  (chaup.U'R')— A 
club-headed  wooden  instrument 
for  mashing  cooked  potatoes. 

Anderson.  Note  44. 

'Taty  crab,  G.  (kraab) — The  fruit 
of  the  potato.  Abundant  before 
1836,  but  scarce  since. 

'Taty  gun,  g.  (guon) — A  pop  gun 
made  of  a  goose  quill ;  the  quill 
punches  the  bullets  out  of  a  slice 
of  potato. 

'Taty  hash,  G.  (aash) — A  thick 
broth  made  with  potatoes  whole 
or  cut  into  slices,  cut-up  onions 
and  dripping ;  sometimes  there  is 
no  meat.  Miss  N.  Armstrong. 
There  was  potato  hash  on  the  other  days, 
but  the  dish  contained  no  meat. 

C.  Patr.   1894,  Dec.  14.   p.  3,  col.  3. 

'Taty  keak,  G. — A  frying-pan  cake 
made  of  mashed  potatoes  mixed 
with  a  little  white  wheat  flour, 
which  binds  all  together.  Miss  n. 
Armstrong. 

'Taty  pot,  G.  (paut) — A  dish  con- 
sisting of  beef  or  mutton,  cut  into 
pieces,  and  put  into  a  large  dish 
along  with  potatoes,  onions,  pep- 
per, salt,  etc.,  and  then  baked  in 
the  oven,  and  is  called  in  Cumber- 
land TATY-POT. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  7,  line  6. 

But  something  did  come  out,  and  that  a 
most  delicious  smell  of  —  "Begok,  it's 
tatie  pot  ! "  says  Ben. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

'Taty  puddin',  g.  (puod.itn)— Po- 
tatoes are  cut  up  into  small  pieces, 
put  into  a  linen  bag  and  boiled  in 
broth,  then  taken  out,  mashed  up 
with  pepper  and  salt ;  sometimes 


butter  and  milk  are  added,  but 
only  in  quantities  sufficient  to 
moisten  the  mass,  which  must  be 
stiff  When  ready.   Miss  N.  Armstrong. 

'Taty  scoose,  b.  (skoos) — Differs 
from  Taty  hash  in  that  the  boiling 
has  been  so  long  continued  that 
there  is  no  liquid,  but  the  whole  is 
a  Stiff  mass.     Miss  N.  Armstrong. 

Taw,  g.  (tau) — A  boy's  favourite 
marble.  Also  a  game  with  marbles. 

Others  their  hopes  on  skill  at  taw  confide, 
And  knuckle,  knuckle !  sounds  on  every 
side.  Clark— The  Rustic,    p.  15,  line  6. 

Tawpy,  c,  n.,  nw.  (tau.pi)— A  silly 
person;  (sw.)  one  who  fidgets  (r.k.) 

— C. — Tawdry.     w.H. 

Taws,  n.  (taus)— A  strap  of  thick 
leather  slit  into  several  tails,  and 
used  as  an  implement  of  punish- 
ment. 

Nivver  use  th'  taws  when  a  glime  '11  deuh 
as  weel.  Prov. 

An  scwores  o'  teymes  I  gat  the  taws, 
For  thee,  tou  ne'er  did  wrang. 

Anderson — Caleb.   Stz.  1. 

Ta  year,  g.  (tu';  ta  ieeu'R')— This 
year.     Obsolesc.     See  To. 
Seek  f  aul  grey  yad,  put  on  the  pad, 
She's  duin  nae  wark  te  year. 

Anderson — Tib.   Stz.  1. 

Te,  g.  not  e.  (tu').  Teah,  Ws.  (teea). 
Teuh,  G.  not  N.  Till,  C,  Ws.  (til). 
Tllll,  G.  not  NW.  (TUOL).  Tiv,  N., 
SW.  (TIV) — To.      Teah,  teuh  is  Used 

emphatically  as  "  Thoo's  meade 
thy  bed,  thoo  can  ga  teuh't."  Till 
and  Tull  are  somewhat  less  em- 
phatic as  : 

He  teuk  till  breckan  lumps  off  them. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,  p.  2,  line  13. 
Theer  was  a  scwore  or  mair  girt  fellows 
amang  t'  scholars,  varra  nar  up  tull  men. 
Richardson,  1st.  p.  18,  line  3. 
"Pigeons,  an'  ducks,  wer'  ghem,  ga  tul't 
to  Keate  Curbison'  cat." 

Gibson — Keate  Curbison.    Stz.  2. 


333 


Tiv — frequently  used  before  words 
beginning  with  a  vowel  or  a  silent  h. 

"  He  wad  gang  tiv  o'  fc'  Merry  Neets  this 
winter." 

Dreedful  fine  things  I  saw  ith'  rwoad  tuv 
an  at  Dublin. 
Smith — Borrowdale  Letter,  p.  124,  line  1. 

Ye  cud  lam  well  eneuf,  I  mak  nae  doot,  if 
ye  gave  yer  mind  tiv't. 

Pearl  in  Shell,    p.  76,  line  15. 

He  steeks  the  faul-veat  softly  tui. 

Anderson — Impatient  Lassie,   Stz.  7. 

Te,  g.  not  sw.  (tip).    Teh,  Ta,  c,  e., 
sw.  (te).    Ut,  sw.  (u'T)— To,  in- 
dicating the  infinitive. 
He  telt  meh  teh  be  whyet. 

SCOAP.     p.  109,  line  7. 

Wad  ta  like  ta  gang  till  this  greet  circus 
'at  's  gaun  ta  be  at  Cockermuth? 

Betty  Wilson,   p.  10,  line  2. 

He'd  hed  nowt  et  itt  o'  t'  day. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  13,  line  4. 

Teaa,  g.  (tiaa) — The  one  (adj.). 

At  last  tea  priest  to  t'  tudder  sed. 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  81. 

Teaa  hegh !  g.  (teeu'  eh)— On  one 
side. 

"It's  o'o'  teaa  hegh  like  granfadder wig." 

Tea  bwoard,  Cs.,  Ws.  (tee-bwaurd) 
— A  wooden  tea-tray — usually  of 
mahogany  or  walnut — and  for- 
merly accounted  a  mark  of  gen- 
tility. 

Tead  pipe,  c,  e.,  sw.  (tiaad  paaip). 
Paddock   peyp,    nw.   (paad.ik 

PAEIP)—  Field  horsetail—  Equisetnm 


Tead  spit :  see  Cuckoo  spit. 

Tealy  pyet,  g.  (tiaal.i  paai.ut) — 
A  tell-tale  ;  a  betrayer  of  secrets. 
Neabody  can  say  'at  I's  a  tealepiet.  I 
niver  say  nowt  to  neeabody. 

Joe  and  Landlord,    p.  8,  line  9. 


Tean,  g.  (tiaan) — The  one  (pron.). 

Some  say  teane,  an  some  say  beath. 

Anderson — Peace.    Stz.  2. 

—c— Taken. 

I's  nut  sec  a  feul  as  ye've  tean  me  for. 

Gibson— T"  Reets.    p.  11,  line  6. 

Teanel,  sw.  (tlaan.u'l)— A  basket, 

Last  neet  he  lickd  me  with  steal,  threw 

a  teanale  wie  cockls  at  me.        Smith — 

Wheeler's  Dialogues,    p.  16,  line  11. 

Teangs,  Tengs  :   see  Tangs. 

Tean  tudder,   g. — One  another. 
Also  Yananudder. 

They  went  in  yan  by  yan  ; 
As  if  they'd  nut  tean  tudder  seen. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  42,  line  7. 

Tear,  g.(teeu'R') — To  rally  or  bully; 
to  rage. 

T'  girt  fella  startit  noo  teh  rip,  an  tear, 
an  curse  an  swear.       Scoap.   p.  20,  line  19. 

Tearan',  g.  (teeu'.R'U'n) — Tearing, 
careering,  raging. 
"  Tearan'  like  a  crazy  thing." 

G —  was  teerin'  vera  sair  and  threaten- 
ing to  split  W — 's  face. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Nov.  30.     p.  3,  col.  3. 

Tearin',  c,  sw   (teea.rtj'n) — The 
rendering  of  a  roof. 

Teat   and   Teattit :    see  Tat  and 
Tattit. 

Teav,  N.,  ne.,  sw.  (tiaav) — To  pick 
the  bed-clothes  in  febrile  delirium. 
(se.)    To  wade  through  mire,  or 
or  wet  grass.    See  also  Keav. 
We  tiaved  aboot  laiten  mushrooms. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  May  24. 

Teck,  g.,  c,  nw.  (tek).     Tack,  sw., 
n.,  e.  (taak) — A  stitch. 

"  A  teck  i'  time  seavs  nine."       Proverb. 

—To  stitch. 

Thur  ootside  parishes  at's  just  teckt  on 
roond  t'  edges  eh  Cumberlan. 
.  Scoap.    p.  89,  line  9. 

Teddera,  Tedderte  :  see  Yan. 


334 


Teddery,  G. — Said  of  plants  which 
are  liable  to  be  matted  together 
by  means  of  their  tendrils,  as  the 
Vetches. 

Locally  applied  to  Viccia  cracca,  and  possi- 
bly to  other  teddery  plants  of  the  same 
order.  Flora,    p.  88. 

Te-draw,  c,  N.f  sw.  (tee-dr'au). 
Teu-draw,  e.  (tiuo-drau)  —  A 
place  of  resort;  a  newsmonger's 
house ;  a  place  of  shelter.  Ancient- 
ly a  grove. 

Tee,  g.  (tee)— To  tie ;  (n.)  to  fetter 
a  cow's  hind  legs  during  milking. 
See  Coo  tee. 

Anudder  reapp  teed  to  t'  hinder  end  o' 
them.  Forness  Folk.    p.  8,  line  13. 

Teem,  g.  (teem).  Teum,  c,  EL, 
sw.  (tiuom  ).  Teeam,  sw.  (  tee  am  ) 
— To  empty,  pour  out. 

I'd  teem't  them  oot  o'  t'  bags. 

Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  13. 

T'  yung  chap  teumbt  ivry  steaan  oot  o'  t' 
bags.  Scoap.     p.  8,  line  6. 

— Empty. 

Nought  left  me  o'  four-and-twenty  gude 

ousen  and  kye, 
My  weel-ridden  gelding,  and  a  white  quey, 
But  a  toom  byre  and  a  wide.       Gilpin — 
Songs,  1st.    Fray  of  Suport.    Stz.  1. 

Teemfull,  GK,  Teumfull,  Teeman- 
full — Full  to  running  over. 

Teen  leath,  c.,sw.,e.  (teen-lee  ath) 
— A  tithe  barn  to  store  the  tenths 
in. 

Teens,   g.   (teenz)  —  More   than 
twelve;   "into  t'   teens"  —  above 
twelve  years  old. 
This  warld'  nut  like  t'  seam  warld  at  aw, 
It  was  when  I  was  i'  me  teens. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  59,  line  2. 
I  felled  it  teens  of  years  ago. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Feb.  11.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Tees,  c,  EC.  (teez) — Two  small  pins 
in  the  tail-board  of  a  cart ;  these 
fit  into  corresponding  holes  in  the 
"ear-brig"  (j.b.). 


Tee-tak-up-o',   g.    (tee-taak-uop- 
au).    Dally,  c.  (daal.i).    Tully, 
n.  (tuol.i).     Teetully,  e.— A  tee- 
to-tum.     See  Nickelty-nowt. 
"  Tee-tak-o',  dally  an  o'." 

Wid  a  neive  like  a  neaf,  an'  a  feace  like  a 
moon, 
An'  a  shap,  standin'  up,  like  a  tee- 
tak-up-o'. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson,    line  3. 

The  tum-tully  was  not  necessarily  four- 
sided.      J.W.B. 

Teetotaller,  nc,  wc.  Nettle 
butterflee,  x.  Dromedary,  x< ;. 
— The  small  Tortoise-shell  Butter- 
fly—  Vanessa  Hi'tira.     F.D. 

Tein :   see  Yan. 

Te-lick  te-smack,  c,  NW.  (tee-lik, 
tee-smaak).  Lick  -  for  -  smack, 
c,  eg,  Ws. — As  fast  as  possible. 
Generally  applied  to  persons  in 
the  act  of-running. 
Come  boys,  come  boys,  te-lick,  te-smack. 
Son  of  Haoar.    p.  85,  line  4. 

Tell,  G..  (tel) — Able  to  remember 
and  tell  of. 

"I  can  tell  sen'  ther'  was  n't  sec  a  thing 
as  a  shorthorn." 

Terns,  G.  (temz) — Keams,  e. 
(kiaams) — A  hair  sieve.  Obsolesc. 

Teng,  nw.,  e.  (teng)— To  sting. 

His  een  was  blufted  wi'  bein'  tenged  wi' 
bees.  Pen.  Obs.    1897,  Nov.  16. 

Ten  o'clock  :  see  Dowin. 

Tent,    g.  (tent)— To   attend   to; 
guard;  observe.  (N.)"Tak  tent  " 
— take  heed  or  care. 
Ye  heedless  hauflins  that  mayhap, 

To  fa'  into  their  clutches, 
Tent  ye.         Staog — RosleyFair.  Stz.31. 

He  fettles  teah  at  mworns  an'  neets, 
An'  tents  about. 

Dickinson — Remains,   p.  194,  line  9. 

Tak  tent,  an'  listen  my  advice. 

Anderson — 1820,  II.  Nanny.   Stz.  1. 


335 


Tep,  0.,  Ws.  (tep) — A  smart  blow  ; 
a  tap  on  the  head. 

"  Theer  sec  a  lump  eh  gowld  anunder  my 
hack  as  was  niver  seen  eh  thur  diggins 
afooar,"  sez  he,  at  t'  seaam  time  hittan 
on't  anudder  laal  tep.     Scoap.  p.  225,  line  2' 

Teppy  teaz,  g.  (tep.i  teeu'z) — Tips 
of  the  toes. 

Teptious,  g.  (tershius)— Treacher- 
ous, changeable,  not  to  be  de- 
pended on. 

It  was  a  teptious  kind  iv  a  thing  teu, 
for  if  t'  fwok  gat  t'  wrang  way  on't,  it 
wassent  to  tell  t'  mischeeves  it  wad  ha. 
deun  them.  Richardson,  2nd.  p.  154,  line  2. 

Terriers  :  see  Top  'taties. 

Tersy-versy,  n.  (tur'.zi-vur'.zi) — 
Topsy  turvy ;  in  confusion  or  dis- 
order. 

Tetch. :  see  Reest. 

Tethera :   see  Yan. 

Teufet,  c,  e.  (tiuof.ut).  Tewet, 
sw.  (tioo.ut).  Peesweep,  n.,  e. 
(pee.sweep).  Puet  (Obs.) — The 
lap-wing —  Vanellus  cristatus. 

He  triet  warmt  sauts  an'  senna  till  he 
meade  hissel  as  wake  as  a  tufet. 

W.C.T.X.    1893.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

TeufLsh,  g.  (tiuof.ish).  Teufly,  c. 
— Rather  tough. 

Teu-fo',  c,  e.,  nw.  (tiuo-fau).  Tee- 
fa,  n.,  nw.  (tee-fau)— A  lean-to 
shed. 

I  sit  drooping  like  a  teu-fa. 

Scawfell.   1896.   p.  7,  col.  1. 

A  cobbler's  shop  'at  oppen't  oot  intill  t' 
lobby,  an  a  nice  T-faw  i'  t'  ledder-loft 
abeun.  Betty  Wilson,    p.  73,  line  10. 

Teul,  g.  (tiuol)— Tool;  a  bad  mis- 
chievous person. 

He  set  teh  wark  an  bowt  oa  t'  teulls  at 
he  sed  we  wad  want. 

Scoap.     p.  216,  line  2. 


T'  oald  wicket  teul 

H'ard  his  teal,  an'  says  he,  wid  a  snurt 
an'  a  gurn. 

Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.  Stz.  15. 

Teulment,  G.  (tiuol.mu'Nt)— Good- 
humoured  mischief. 
A  sailor  was  Will,  forret,  free-tongued, 

an'  funny, 
An'  gi'en  till  o'  manner  o'  teulment  was  he. 
Gibson — Runaway  Wedding,    line  5. 

Teum :   see  Teem. 

Teunable,  g.  (tiuo.nu'BU'l)— Hav- 
ing a  musical  ear. 

Teut  Hill.  c.  (tiuot  il).  Watch 
Hill,  n.,  nc. — The  hill  from  which 
the  outlook  was  kept  against  bor- 
der freebooters;  hence  now  fre- 
quent as  Border  place-name. 

Ellwood. 

Teuthwark,  c,  sw.,  e.  (tiuoth.- 
waar'k).  Teuthyik,  N.  (tiuoth.- 
iik) — Toothache. 

Billy  an'  Bella  beath  hed  sec  a  terrible 
dua  wid  t'  teuthwark. 

W.C.T.X.   1893.   p.  11,  col.  1. 

Teutle,  c,  nw.  (tiuot.U'l) — To  trifle. 
See  Whewtle. 

"He  teutles  an'  daddies  about  o"  f  day 
and  gits  laal  or  nought  done." 

Tew,  g.(tioou')— Annoyance,  worry, 
distress,  fatigue. 
"He's  hed  a  sare  tu  on't." 

Ey !  it  was  a  sair  tew  that. 

Cumbriana.  p.  71,  line  10. 

—  To  tease,  annoy;  to  struggle;  to 
fatigue  or  distress. 
T'  thowtes  o'  hevin'  forgitten  sum'at  tew't 
me  t'  warst  of  o'. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,   p.  18,  line  17. 

S  —  went  down  before  K  — ,  who  was 
sair  tewed  in  the  operation.  The  finals 
were  not  productive  of  excitement,  and 
the  two  giants  could  not  be  said  to  have 
tew'd  themselves  much. 

C.  Patr.   1893,  June  30.   p.  3,  col.  3. 


386 


Tewet :   see  Teufet. 

Tewsom,  g.  (tioo.su'm) — Worrying, 
annoying,  tiring. 

"  He's  been  a  tewsom  barn." 

Ah  fand  it  gay  tewsum  wark. 

Scoap.    p.  231,  line  13. 

th — Sullivan,  p.  75,  states  that  "the 
dental  th  is  not  to  be  found  among 
the  ancient  words  of  the  district. 
Kirkby  Thore  is  still  pronounced 
Kirkby  Fure ;  for  Thursday  we  find 
Furesday."  I  think  that  this  state- 
ment is  no  longer  correct,  and  the 
Rev.  Canon  Thornley  writes  :  — 
"ScarF  gap,  Scarragap  is  the  only 
instance  I  can  recall  of  the  con- 
fusion between  th  and  f." 
Fra  far  an'  neer  a'  Fuursday  neeght 
Fwoke  com'  as  fast  as  cud  be. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  6. 

Thack  bottle,  g. — A  bundle  of 
thatch. 

Thack  spelks,  c. — Rods  for  secur- 
ing the  thatch  on  to  the  roof. 

Thack  spittle,  c,  n.  (spit.U'l).  T- 
spurtle,  nw. — A  tool  used  in 
thatching. 

Thack  stopple,  G.  (staup.U'l) — a 
handful  of  straw  prepared  for 
thatching. 

Thacky,  g.  (thaakj)— A  thatched 
cottage, 

T'  roof  was  offen  meade  o'  streeah,  an' 
than  t'  hoose  was  dubbed  a  thacky. 

C.  Pacq.   p.  6,  col.  2. 

Than-abouts,  g.  (dhaan-U'boouts) 
About  that  time. 

Thank,  c,  BW.,  e.  (thaank) — Ob- 
ligation. 

"He  com  i'  my  thank  an'  I  mun  pay  him 
weel." 

Thar'  keaks,  EC,  Tharth  k. 
(thaarth  kiaaks).  Hearth  k. 
— Thick  cakes  of  barley  or  oatmeal 
and  water,  baked  on  the  hearth 
among  the  embers. 


Tharm,  c,  Ws.,  n.  (thaar'm)— The 
material  of  which  fiddle-strings 
are  made. 

Come  ye,  who're  blest  wi'  tuneful  fire, 
Who  scrape  the  tharm  or  thrum  the  wire. 
Dickinson— Remains,    p.  168,  line  8. 

These  images  were   hung   on  catgut  or 
thorme.    C.  Pacq.  1893,  Dec.  28.  p.  6,  col.  1. 

Tharth,  e.  (thaarth)— Reluctant, 
unwilling. 

That,  g.  (dhaat)— As  a  demonstr. 
pron.  is  frequently  superabundantly 
introduced. 
"It's  a  gay  nice  horse  that." 

— So,  to  such  an  extent. 

"  Ah  was  that  vex't  Ah  could  ha'  bitten't 
side  oot  of  t'  butter-bowl." 

T'  ghoast  was  that  nar  him  at  last,  he 
didn't  ken  what  ta  duah. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  96,  line  8. 

That-oal-donnet,   g.  (dhaat-aul- 
daun.ut)— That  evil  one.  (Obso- 
lesc.) 
When  veyle  moss-troopers,  bworder  bred, 

To  reeve  and  pillage  flock  to  arms, 
By  war  than  that-a-donnet  led. 

Stagg — Auld  Lang  Seyne.   Stz.  4. 

Thea:   see  Thur. 

Thick,  g.  (thik)— Familiar,  friendly. 
We  stump't  away  togidder  as  thick  as 
inkle  weavers. 

Gibson — T'  Reets'.   p.  13,  line  16. 

Young  Simon  an'  his  partner  Jane, 
War  thick  as  thick  could  be. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  41,  line  1. 

Thick  o'  hearin',  g.(thik  u*  ee.rtn) 
— Partially  deaf. 

Thick  skin't,  g. — Not  sensitive ; 
unfeeling.  In  law  contests  a  com- 
mon saying  is,  "T'  thicker  skin  hod 
t'  langer  oot  " — implying  that  the 
heaviest  purse  will  win  the  suit. 

Thick  o'  t'  thrang,  G.— Middle  of 
the  crowd  ;  busiest  part  or  time. 


337 


Thick  on  't,  G. — The  major  part. 
"  She  browt  a  heap  o'  kelter  an'  t'  thick 
oh  't  o'  hard  gold." 

Thimhle,  c,  e.,nw.  (thim.U'l).  Fairy- 
Fingers,  nw,  sw. — Common  fox-   ! 
glove — Digitalis  2mrlmrea  • 

Thingamy,  c,  ec,  n.  (thing.U'Mi)—   ! 
A -contemptuous  appellation. 
"  What  is  yon  daft  thingamy  about  ?  "         I 

Thing  o'  nowt,  g.  (thing  U'  nauwt)  ! 
A  trifle ;  not  worth  taking  into 
account. 

Think  on,  G.  (think  aun)— To  re- 
member. "  Think  me  on  " — remind 
me. 

Ya  midsummer — I  can  think  on  't  as  weel 
as  if  it  was  nobbut  yesterday. 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  19,  line  1. 
Several  villages  called  Unthank  take 
their  name  from  monuments  no  longer 
in  existence  .  .  .  the  phrase  (being  in 
English)  to  think  on  still  current  in  the 
dialect.  Sullivan,   p.  61. 

Thir  :   see  Thur. 

Thirls,  w. — Openings  made  between 
a  pair  of  exploring  places  or  drifts, 
for  the  purpose  of  ventilation. 
r.w.m.    See  Thurl. 

This-geat,  g.  (dhis-GIAAt) — Thus  ; 
in  this  way. 

Thole,  c,  e.,  n.  (thaul).    Thwole, 
(thwaul)— To  suffer;  endure. 
"  He  that  has  gude  crops  may  thole  some 
thistles."  Provekb. 

Tholeless,  g.  not  sw.  (thau.llu's) 
Soft,  wanting  energy.  Not  adapt- 
able, nearly  useless  (Gibson). 

Thonky  :  see  Donky. 

Thoo  :  see  Ta. 

Thoo  bad'n,  thoo  !— This  form  of 
speech  is  in  frequent  use,  and  es- 
pecially for  reproach. 

Thoo  dud  'at  dud  ta  ?  g.  (dhoo 
duodt  U'T  duod  TU') — An  asser- 
tion expressing  absolute  certainty 
on  the  part  of  thj  speaker. 
w 


Thoo  dudn't,  dud  ta  ?  g. — A  com- 
mon mode  of  questioning,  and  of 
expressing  doubt  or  surprise  at 
the  same  time. 

Thoom  shag,  g. — A  slice  of  bread  on 
which  the  butter  has  been  spread 
with  the  finger.     See  Shag. 

Thoom-syme,  c.  (saaim)— A  short 
rope  made  by  twisting  straw  round 
the  thumb. 

Thoo's  like,  g.  not  sw.  (dhoou'Z 
laaik) — Thou  must.  "  Thoo's  like 
to  come  in,"  implies  a  right  or 
power  to  come  in.  Often  used 
sarcastically,  as  in  "  Thoo's  like  to 
deuh  it " — you're  a  likely  person  to 
do  it.  The  sense  must,  however, 
be  determined  by  the  context  and 
the  tone. 

Thought,  g.  (thauwt)— A  trifle,  a 
small  quantity. 
"Skift  on  a  thought,  will  ta?  " 

Thought  on,  g.— Esteemed. 

"  He's  girtly  thought  on  about  heam." 

Thrang,  g.  (thraang)— Throng ; 
busy.  A  common  saying  is  " Thrang 
as  Throp  wife." 

The  folks  will  a'  be  which  to  be  thrangest. 
Sullivan,   p.  99. 
An'  bein'  varra  tir't,  an'  nut  varra  thrang, 
Next  mwornin'  I  slummer't  an'  laid  rayder 
lang.         Richardson  1st.   p.  50,  line  3. 
Thrangsom,    G.— Busy,    fully   em- 
ployed. 

An'  oppen  stan's,  in  weathers  aw, 
This  thrangsom  kitchen  door. 

Dickinson — Remains.    Stz.  5. 

Thraws  :   see  Heeds  an'  thraws. 

Threep,  g.  (threep)— To  persist  in 
an  assertion;  to  talk  persistently. 
"  He  threeps  me  doon  'at  aa  dud  say  seah." 
Sooa  frinds  o'  beath  side  threep't  it  sair 
'At  partit  we  sud  be. 

Gibson — Mary  Ray.  Stz.  1. 
But  as  fer  Jwohnny,  silly  man ! 
He  threeps  about  the  nation. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.    Stz.  3. 


338 


Threeplands,  n.  (three'.plaans) 
— Lands  in  dispute,  or  debatable 
lands,  generally  on  the  borders  of 

parishes.      Nicholson. 

Threeptree,  G.  (thr'EE.ptr'Ee) — 
The  wooden  bar  the  two  plough- 
horses  are  yoked  to. 

Threesam,  n.   (thr'ERSU'm)— A 
party  of  three. 
Tou  kens  we  danc'd  a  threesome  reel. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.    Stz.  3. 

Threve,  c,  n.,  nw.  (thr'EEv). 
Threeav,  sw,  E.  (thr'EEAv)— 
Twenty-four  sheaves  of  straw. 
Thieves  used  to  com  frae  aw  parts,  far  an' 
near.  They  wad  come  i'  threeaves  up 
frae  Keswick  on  a  winter  neet. 

Borrowdale.    p.  6,  line  12. 

Thrimmel,    G.    (thr-im'U'l)— To 
tremble  ;  to  hand  awkwardly. 
Upstairs  an'  down  fwoke  thrimmelt  out 
Ther  sixpenzes  to  th'  dibbler. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  31. 

Thrins,  c.  (thrinz)— Three  at  a 
birth. 

Thrinter,  c,  sw.  (thrint.U'R') 
Thrunter  (thr'UONT.U'R')— A 
sheep  of  the  third  winter. 

Gimmers,  twinters,  trinters  and  hogs. 

Mayroyd.    p.  88,  line  7. 

I  have  known  one  of  our  thrunters,  or 
three-winter-old  ewes. 

Rawnsley.   p.  160,  line  14. 

Th.ro',  G.  not  ne. — A  turning  lathe. 

— To  turn  in  a  lathe. 

Thro',  c,  nw.  (thrau).  Dash,  ne. 
(daash) — A  flourish  in  writing 
thrown  by  a  free  hand. 

Throddy,  c,  sw.  (thraud.i)— 
Plump  ;  well  grown  ;  throughly. 

Throo,  g.  (thr'Oo).  Throo  stean 
— A  long  stone  passing  through  a 
rubble  wall  to  bind  it,  a  bond-stone. 


Throo  leet,   g.  (thr'OOU  leet) — 
Light  all  night ;  full  moon.    Hold- 
ing all  trumps  at  lant. 
It  was  frost  an  thro'  leet,  wid  a  greymin 
ov  snaw.  Anderson — Biddy.    Stz.  1. 

Throoly,  g.  (thr'OO.li)— Portly, 
deep-chested  and  sturdily  built. 
Throughly  ?  ey,  a  gud  yard  through  an* 
mair.  Gibson,   p.  203. 

Throo  other,  c.,e,sw.  Throo  ither, 
N.,  nw. — Mixed,  confused. 
The  rival  champions  of  villages  had  a  "set 
to  "  and  "  fights  through  yan  anudder  " 
were  indulged  in. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  6,  col.  2. 
But  rivin'  deed  was  meade  o'  t'  breed, 
For  that  was  through  ither  yeastet. 
Lonsdale — Upshot.  Stz.  30. 

Throo'  wid,  be  —  :  G—  To  accom- 
plish, finish. 

Efter  t'  hard  day's  wark  is  ower,  an'  t' 
supper  throo  wid. 

W.C.T.   1898,  Nov.  19.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Thropple,  g.  (thraup.ul)— The 
wind-pipe.  When  a  guest  thrust 
away  his  plate,  placing  his  knife 
and  fork  crossways  on  it,  it  was 
the  sign  that  he  was  "  fu'  to  th' 

THROPPLE." 

And  youngsters  '11  stritch  their  arms — 

some  scrat  their  powe, 
Ilk  yan  o'  them  full  to  t'  thropple  end. 

CuMBRIANA.     p.  150,  line  2. 

—To  seize  by  the  wind-pipe,  hence 
to  choke. 

Ah  leaap  reet  across  t'  cwoach,  an  throp- 
plan  me  customer  with  t'  specs  ah  spak 
white  sharp.  ScoAp.   p.  31,  line  22. 

Throp  wife,  g. — The  personification 
of  industry  and  business.  Whoever 
she  may  have  been,  she  is  reported 
to  have  hung  herself  in  her  dish- 
clout,  care  and  anxiety  having 
preyed  too  much  on  her  mind. 

Oa  t'  yallas  eh  Cockermuth,  varra  nar, 
was  as  thrang  as  throp-wife. 

Scoap.    p.  164,  line  9. 


339 


Throssan  up,  G.  (thraus.U'n)— 
Thick,  conceited. 

Nut    like    these — throssan    up    things 
hardly  fit  to  be  away  fra  skeul. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Throssel,  g.  (thraus.U'l).  Garden 
Thrush,  e. — The  Song  thrush — 
Tardus  music  us.  The  Missel  thrush 
is  frequently  referred  to  by  this 
name,  and  sometimes  (nw.)  with 
the  prefix  Common.  In  Alston 
Throssel  is  the  regular  name  for 
the  Missel  thrush.  The  "Throssel's 
nest"  is  a  pet  name  for  Wigton. 
I  hate  to  hear  the  throssle  sing. 

Gibson — Lone  and  Weary.   Stz.  1. 
The  inhabitants  of  the  Throstle's  nest. 
W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  4,  col.  3. 

Thruff,  g.  (thr'UOf).  Thruf-stan. 
Through,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (throo  ; 
throogh)— A  flat  tombstone. 

An'  theerWull  Brough  stood  on  a  through, 
An'  midst  o'  th'  kurk  fwoke  shoutit. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  5. 
No  tombstone  or  thruff, 
No  monument  rough 
With  the  scars  of  time. 

Dickinson— Remains,    p.  123,  line  12. 

Thrum,  c,  sw.  (thruom) — "Three 
thrums,"  the  noise  a  cat  makes. 

T.E. 

— To  repeat,  discuss,  make  a  fuss 
about ;  (ne.)  to  purr  loudly. 
Fwok  talk  aboot  grummelin'  farmers, 
An'  thrum  ower  an  auld  cuckoo  shoot. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  149,  line  1. 

Thrummert,    n.    (thrum.uxt) — 

Crowded,  confused. 
Thrums,  g.  (thruoms)— Odds  and 
ends  of  thread  ;  the  ends  of  the 
old  web  of  the  hand-loom,  to  which 
are  joined  the  ends  of  the  new  web. 
"  Weaver's  thrums"  is  a  common 
expression  for  threads  which  are 
not  strong  or  reliable. 
"  Three  thrums  of  grey  thread." 

Title  of  Old  Song. 
Buttons  black  tack'd  on  with  thrums. 

Clark — Pudding,   p.  52. 
W2 


Thud,  G.  (thuod)— A  heavy  blow, 
and  the  sound  which  it  causes. 

Thummel  pwok  :   see  Huffel. 

Thunner  nooer,  w. — White  Cam- 
pion —  Lychnis  alba.  Flora.  See 
Lousy  Bed. 

Thur,  c.  e.  (dthuor).  Theeas, 
sw.  (dtheeaz).  Thir,  c,  n.,  nw. 
(dhur).  Thea,  b.,  sw.  (dhee)— 
These,  those. 

Yan  may'd  mak  a  lal  fortune  oot  o'  thur 
jolly  jists, 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geolog.    p.  3,  line  21. 
Thurl,  G.  (thurl)— To  bore  through, 
pierce. 

The  east  wind  bites  an  aw,  man  ; 
It  searches  iv'ry  bean  between, 

An'  thirls  through  them  aw,  man. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  228,  line  2. 

Thurrans,  c.  (dhuor.U'Nz) — Those 
ones. 

T'  skemmels  was  far  grander  eh  thur'ns. 
Scoap.    p.  59,  line  4. 

Thwaite,  G.  (thut)— A  cleared 
space  in  a  wood.  A  piece  of  land 
cut  off  by  a  fence  or  unenclosed. 
From  being  a  field-name,  thwaite 
gradually  became  applied  to  farms, 
and  then  to  villages  and  parishes 

(Ellwood). 

BaSSeilTHWAITE,  CalTHWAITE,  RUTHWAITE, 
SeaTHWAITE. 

Thwitel,  c,  sw.  (thwaai.tu'l) — A 
knife. 

Tom  out  wi'  his  knife  in  a  jiffey  .  .  an' 
full  ding  he  ran  wi'  his  thwitel  afoor 
him.      T'  Lebby  Beck  Dobby.   p.  7,  line  18. 

Thyvel,  c.,e.  (thaai.vu'l).  Poddish 
stick,  sw.  (paud.ish).  Keal 
stick,  n.  (kael)  —  A  stick  used 
for  stirring  the  boiling  pot. 
Her  man — a  durty  tike  ! — 
Wad  bray  her  wid  a  besom-stick,  a  thyvel, 
or  sec  like. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.  Stz.  17. 
She'll  lick  a  lean  poddish-stick,  Bobbie, 
that  weds  the  like  of  thee. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  19,  line  11. 


340 


Tic-tac,  g.  (tik-taak)— Tick  of  a 
clock,  a  short  period. 

"  Aa'll  hev  done  in  a  tic-tac." 

In  less  ner  a  tick-tack  we  wad  oa  be  at 

oor  sleats  ageaan.       Scoap.    p.  2,  line  15. 

Tid,  Obs.— Silly,  childish. 

Haff  done,  his  heart  began  to  scunner, 
But  loorna  on  tid  Rab  strak  under. 

Daft  Bargain,    line  13. 

Tidy,  g.  (taai.di) — Honest,  well- 
disposed  ;  generally  said  of  a 
woman. 

"  She's  a  tidy  swort  of  a  body." 

Tiddysom,  n.  (tidjsu'm) — Tedious. 

Tiff,  g.  (tif) — A  verbal  quarrel  of  a 

not  very  serious  kind. 

"  It  wasn't  a  fratch  ;  it  was  nobbet  a  bit 

of  a  tiff." 

We  used  ta  hev  a  fratch  or  a  tiff  nows- 

an'-thans.  Midsummer,    p.  237,  line  7. 

Tiffin :   see  Twink. 

Tift,  g.  (tift)— Condition  of  health 
or  spirits ;  a  small  draft  of  liquor  ; 
a  short  fit  of  doing  anything.  A 
state  of  gasping ;  in  this  sense  it 
is  used  of  a  person  being  in  earnest, 
breathing  short  with  earnestness, 
and  so  being  in  a  tift  means  being 
in  earnest  (t.e.). 
An'  monnie  a  cowp  an'  kaik  they  gat, 
An'  monnie  a  tift  o'  yell, 

I'  th  rwoad  that  day. 
Stagg- — Bridewain.    Stz.  5. 
There  sat  the  auld  witch,  Mary  Beaynes, 
Aw  in  a  tift,  an  sweet. 

Whitehead,  p.  34,  line  13. 
After  some  of  them  hears  that  it  may  put 
them  into  a  better  tift. 

W.C.T.    1898,  Aug.  6.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  pant,  breathe  with  difficulty. 
Owr  hill  an'  knowe,  thro'  seugh  an'  sowe, 
Comes  tiftan  many  o'  couple. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  9. 

Tig,  g.  (tig).    Tiggy- touch  wood. 

— The  act  of  touching.  A  boy's 
game  in  which  the  touching  of 
wood  gives  freedom. 


Then  tiggy-touchwood,  rackeps,  shinney, 
Are  played  and  patronised  by  many. 

Random  Rhymes,    p.  9,  line  1. 

— To  touch  gently. 

She'd  be  for  iver  tigging  after  me,  if  she 
war  let.     Lizzie  Lorton.  II.   p.  215,  line  10. 

A  single  boy  .  .  .  pursues  his  playfellows 
with  clasped  hands  until  he  has  succeeded 
in  touching  or  tigging  one  of  them. 

Ferguson,    p.  150. 

Tiger,  c,  sw. — A  nick-name  for 
bacon.  Also  (s.w.)  wood  with 
knots  in  it  (r.k.) 

Tiglet :   see  Aglet. 

Till :   see  Te. 

Timmer  beuts,  EC,  sw.  (tim.U'R') — 

Clogs'. 

Timmer  rearm',  c,  sw.  (tim.U'R- 
R'EE.R'U'n).     Timmer  raisin',  g. 

not  sw.  (rae.su'n)— A  festivity 
held  on  the  occasion  of  putting  the 
roof  timbers  on  a  new  building. 
On  Saturday  a  timber  raising  celebration 
took  place  at  Wy thop,  where  Messrs  W — 
are  building  two  cottages. 

C.  Patr.    1896,  Mar.  20.    p.  5,  col.  4. 

Timmersom',  G.  (tim.u  R'SU'm)  — 
Timorous. 

Timperon,  g.  (timp.uru'n) — Any 
timber  or  wooden  building. 

Tine,  N.,  e.,  nw.  (taein)— To  lose. 
See  Free. 

A  share  on't  was  mine,  'at  I  ne'er  thowt 
to  tyne.       Powley— Echoes,   p.  148,  line  2. 

Ting't,  nw.  (tingt)— Hoven,  or 
blown  out  with  gas  formed  in  the 
rumen. 

Tinkler,  g.  (tink.lu'R')— A  tinker, 
mender  of  old  hardware,  general- 
ly vagabonds.     Cf.  Potter. 
Some  tinkler  fwoke  gat   leave  fray   t' 
lword,  an'  com  to  winter  theear. 

Gibson — Branthet  Neuk.    p.  59,  line  4. 


341 


Tip  and  smash,  nc. — Marbles  are 
placed  in  a  hole  '  howked '  in  the 
ground,  then  the  player  pitches 
his  own  marble  into  the  heap 
with  the  hope  of   '  breaking '   or 


1  squandering. 


J.  Ar. 


Tipe,  g.  not  e.  (taaip)  -To  drink. 

Tipe  it  up  an'  hev  anudder.  Gibson,  p.  203. 

Tirl :   see  Reuv. 

Tiry,  a,  Ws.  (taai.R'i)— Tired,  fa- 
tigued. 

Ti't,  G.  not  sw.  (taait) — Tied,  ob- 
liged, bound. 

"He  was  ti't  to  gang,  an'  ti't  to  work 
when  he  dud  gang." 

Aih,  what? — this  is  tied  to  be  me  cwoat, 
an'  britches.    Betty  Wilson,    p.  56,  line  1. 

Ti't  by  t'  teeth.,  g.  (beet  teeth) — 
Cattle  and  sheep  stray  from  a  bare 
pasture,  but  are  tied  by  the  teeth  in 
a  good  one. 

Tite,  g.  (taait).  Tit,  n.  (tit) — Soon, 
easily,  well. 
"I'd  as  tite  dea't  as  nut." — I'd  as  soon. 

But  he'd  ga  to  France  as  teyte  as  dance, 
Acause  of  his  being  a  Whaiker. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  16. 

Tithe  stopple,  c,  e.,  sw.  (taaidh 
staup.U'l) — A  bunch  of  stubble 
placed  on  the  tithe  stook  so  as  to 
render  it  conspicuous  ;  half  of  the 
band  used  to  be  lifted  up  to  form 
the  stopple  (j.b.).     Obs. 

Titles — It  was  often  the  custom  to 
particularise  or  nickname  an  indi- 
vidual by  calling  him  by  the  name 
of  his  trade,  thus :  Clogger  Kit, 
Tayleor  Howe. 

Dansy  King  ast  if.  .  .      Lamplugh.    p.  9. 

Titling :  see  Lingy. 

Titter,    g.   (titth.U'B')  —  Sooner, 
rather;  first,  foremost. 
"  Titter  up  co'  tudder  up," — the  first  who 
rises  to  call  on  the  other. 

"I'd  titter  hev't  young  'an" — rather. 


At  we  med  git  heaam  sooa  mickle  titter 
when  he  hed  sec  a  heap  on  us  teh  feyt 
Wid.  Scoap.    p.  2,  line  5. 

Ah  wad  titter  gie  thee  a  shillin'  nor  thou 
should  duah  sec  a  trick ! 

W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  9,  col.  3. 

Tittermest,  g.  (titthu'R'MU'St) — 
Nearest,  soonest.     See  Bain. 

Titty,  n.  (tit.i)— Sister. 

A  garden  deyket  roun  is  my  titty,  my 
spwous. 

Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.   III.,  v.  12. 

Titty vate,  g.  (tit.i vaet) — To  put 
in  order ;  decorate  ;  fit  out. 
When  ah'd  tittyvatit  me-sel  up  a  bit 
ageaan,  ah  startit  afresh. 

Scoap.  p.  115,  line  16. 
Ye're  nigh  almost  always  as  thrang  as 
Thorp  wife,  tittyvating  the  house  and 
what  not. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,   p.  151,  line  1. 

Tiv  :  see  Te. 

Tizzik,  c,  e.,  Ws.  (tiz.ik) — A  slight 
illness  prevailing  generally; 
"it's  a  tizzik  'at 's  gangan'  amang  fwok." 
Tizzy,  n.  (tiz.i) — Sixpence. 
I  paid  mey  cruikt  tizzy. 

Anderson — Dawston  Player-fwok. 
Stz.  1. 

T'  laal  an,  g.  (tlaal.U'n) — The 
child;  the  little  one. 

Yan  or  two  eh  t'  bigger  end  o'  fellas  at 

he  sumtimes  gat  teh  help  em  teh  lam 

t'  laalens  ther  lessins. 

Scoap.    p.  2,  line  7. 

To,  g.  (tiuo) — To  mak  to  the  door 
generally  means  to  hasten  to  the 
door,  but  it  may  also  imply  an 
order  to  close  the  door.  See  Put  to. 

— For :  as  in  the  expression  Good  to 
nought. 

— This:  just  as  To-day  and  To-morrow 
are  still  in  constant  use,  so  was 
To-year,  T'year,  though  now  nearly 
obs.     See  Taw. 

She's  duin  nae  wark  te  year. 

Anderson — Tib.   Stz.  1. 


342 


Toast-dogs  —  For  toasting  cakes 
and  bread  were  small  affairs  with 
three  or  four  sets  of  double  prongs, 
and  sometimes  arranged  to  elevate 
or  lower,  according  to  the  heat  of 
the  fire.  ...  In  Cumberland  they 
were  shaped  like  a  dog  and  called 

TOAST-DOGS. 

H.  S.  Cowper— Hawkshead.  1899.  p.  178. 

Tod,  g.  (taud)— A  fox. 

Toft,  g.  (tauft)— Homestead.  In 
a  court  book  of  the  manor  of 
Derwentwater  it  is  stated  that 
Gawan  Wren  was  fined  ten  shill- 
ings about  1640  for  having  two 
fires  on  in  one  toft  at  the  same 
time. 

Sally  forth  roond  T'TOFT.to  see  if  ivvery 
man  was  performin'  his  duty. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  14.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Tokker,  c,  nw,  n.  (tauk.U'R'). 
Togher  (taugllu'R')  —  Dowry, 
portion. 

With  pewter  dibler  on  her  lap, 
On  which  her  towgher's  gethrin'. 

Stagg — Bridewain.   Stz.  24. 

— To  endow. 

"He    tokker't    his    dowter   wi'  twenty 
pund." 

Toller,  c,  nw.  (taul.U'R')— To  speak 
loudly  and  roughly. 
"Tolleran'  like  a  mad  bull." 

Tollies,  sw.  (ta.ul.iz) — Horse-dung. 

Tom,  w. — Resembles  Black  Jack, 
but  is  more  like  shale,  with  but 
little  organic  matter,  grayer  and 
more  mineralised.  The  ash  amounts 
to  84  per  cent,   w.w.f. 

Tom  beegle,  g.  (taum  bee.gux) — 
Cockchafer' — Melolontha  mdg . 
Catchin  Tom-beagles,. 

Anderson — Youth.   Stz.  3. 

Tom  Carle,  EC.  Tommy  loach,  c. — 
River  Bullhead  fish — Cottus  gobio. 

Tommaty-taa,  g.  (taum.uti-taa). 
Tommy-tee,  sw.  (taum.i-tee. 
Blue  Tommy— The  Blue  Tit— 
l'ii  r  ii  %  oaernleus. 


Tommy,  sw— The  last  of  the  batch 
of  coarse  girdle  cakes  made  for 
farm  labourers  is  called  Tommy,  and 
is  thicker  and  more  solid  than 
the  rest.  Amongst  miners  Tommy 
means  food  generally. 

Tommy  Loach.,  G.  (taumj-lwauch). 
L*ggy;  L-boddam,  c,  E.,  nw. 
(lig.i).  G-obbly ,  w.  (gaub.U'li)— 
The  Loach-fish — KemachUu*  barba- 

Ullll.s. 

Ther's  mennoms,  tommy-loaches. 

Pen.  Obs.  1897,  Nov.  23. 

Tommy's  cannelstick,  e.,  c,  nw. 
Hairy  worm,  EC. — The  Glow- 
worm —  LampyrU  nortil uca.  Tom 
Candlestick  was  also  the  support 
which  held  the  rush  light. 

Scott,   p.  170. 

Tom  Tayleor,  g.  Taylear,  x  — 
The  Water  spider  —  Argyroneta 
aquatica. 

To   mworn  o'  mwornin',  g.  (tu- 

MWAUR'U'N      MWAUR'U'N).  To- 

mworn    o'    neet  —  To    morrow 
morning ;  to  morrow  evening. 
To  mworn-o-mworn,  i'  this  seame  pleace, 
We'll  hae  the  stwory  out! 

Anderson — Betty  Brown.  Stz.  8. 

My  song !  bit  ye'll  drop  in  for't  to-mworn. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  35,  line  7. 

Look  in  m worn-at-neet  when  t'  owd  fouks 

is  gone  to  bed.    Mayroyd.  II.  p.  189,  line  6. 

Tomy,    c.   (tatj.mi).    Taamy,   8W. 

TAA.Ml).   Toomy,  N.,  E.  (TOO.Ml)— 

That  which  draws  out  like  toasted 
cheese  ;    glutinous.     Untwisted  ; 

Stringy  (Lake  Country.   App.  I.). 

Toom,  g.  not  nw.  (toom).  Tome, 
c,  sw.,  EC.  (taum) — A  hair  fishing] 
line;  (n.)  a  cord  or  string  partM 

untwisted. 

When  yan'8  fishin'  tome  gits  hankled. 

Pen.  Obs.   1897.   Nov.! 
— (b.,  e.,  c.) — To  tease  wool. 
Tooming,  n.  (too.mu'n) — An  aching 

or  dizziness  of  the  eyes. 


343 


Toomins,  c.  (too.minz;  tuom.inz) — 
Rough  cardings  of  wool. 

Toon,  g.  (toon).  T a wwii,  sw. 
(taawn).— Town— applied  to  small 
hamlets  or  farm  buildings,  as  Justus 

TOON,        NiXOn'S   TOON. 

Keaty  Curbison'   cat  was  a  terror  to   t' 
toon.      Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.   Stz.  2. 

Toon  bull,  c. — A  bull  kept  by  turn 
in  an  agricultural  village. 
"He  com  rworan  like  a  toon  bull." 

Toonneld,  g. — A  field  often  adjoin- 
ing a  village,  belonging  to,  and 
occupied  by  several  persons;  each 
several  portion  is  separated  by  a 
strip  of  uncultivated  land  about 
18  inches  wide,  called  a  "  rean  "  ; 
each  cultivated  portion  is  a  "rig." 

Toon  geat,G—  The  roadway  through 
a  village. 

T"  toon-geaat  was  oa  peaavt  with  wood 
peaavin  steaans.  Scoap.   p.  93,  line  5. 

Toon  Hall  Clock — The  name  given 
by  children  in  Carlisle  to  the  plant 
Moschatel  —  Adoxa    moscliatellina. 

W.H. 

Toozle,  c„  n.,  e.  (too.zu'l).  Tawwzle, 
sw.  (taaw.zu'l)— To  ruffle;  to 
pull  about  rudely ;  pull  down. 

Thou's    brocken    my    comb,    an'    thou's 
toozelt  my  hair. 

Gibson — Lai  Dinah.   Stz.  7. 

When  Britain's  sons  are  toozelt  down, 
Wi'  want  o'  wark,  an'  aw  that. 

Dickinson — Remains,   p.  194,  line  1. 

Top,  (tatjp) — The  halo  which  ap- 
pears above  the  flame  in  the  safety 
lamp,  indicating  an  admixture  of 
gas  with  the  air.     r.w.m. 

— G. — Applied  to  anything  very  ex- 
cellent, or  surpassing. 
"Top  runner;  top  dancer." 
Yeh  war  gittan  some  top  lessins  on  farmin 
doon  yooar  way.  Scoap.  p.  65,  line  5. 

0,  what  a  top  scholar  is  Matthew  Macree ! 
Anderson — Matthew  Macree.  Stz.  1. 


Top  full,  g.— Full  to  the  top. 

He  was  top-full  iv  his  jwokes  till  t'  last. 
Scoap.    p.  172,  line  17. 

Top  gaffer — The  deputy  stationed 
at  the  mouth  of  the  pit,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  inby  deputy. 

Top  lad  !  G. — Good  boy  !  an  inter- 
jection of  encouragement  to  a  boy. 

Topmer,  g.  (taup.mtj'r) — The  one 
above  the  other;  uppermost. 

Top-newkelt,  g. — Full  of  milk,  said 
of  a  cow  in  the  early  days  after 

calving.      Lake  Country.   App.  I. 
Ther  was   a   gay  gud  market   for   top- 

NUICKLED  COOS.        J.S.E. 

Topper,  g. — Any  thing  or  person  that 
is  superior. 

The  king's  meade  a  bit  ov  a  speech, 
An  gentlefwok  say  it's  a  topper. 

Anderson — Nichol.   Stz.  8. 

Toppin,  G.  (taupjn)— The  hair  of 
the  forehead  ;  the  crest  of  a  fowl. 
Thrast  his  fingers  twice  up  through  his 
toppin  an  yance  through  his  side-locks. 

Scoap.    p.  129,  line  6. 

He  said  he  was  rather  a  pretty  Bird,  but 
could  not  be  considered  a  finished  one, 
unless  he  had  a  toppin. 

Cumbriana.     p.  264,  line  6. 

Toppin  peats,  c,  sw.     Flaks,  ns., 

e.  (flaaks) — Turf  cut  with  the 
herbage  on;  the  edges  resemble 
a  man's  unkempt  toppin. 

Flacks  must  be  cut,  and  straw  for  thatch 
prepar'd.  Clark— Rustic,    p.  49,  line  6. 

Now  grund  up  a  fiay-speadd  to  cut  toppin 

peat, 
Wid  lang  speadd  for  black  peats  forbye. 
Cumbriana.    p.  246,  line  13. 
Folk  hed  greavvt  toppins  an'  spreead  'em 
to  dry.  Forness  Folk.    p.  6,  line  1. 

Tops  :   see  Draft  sheep. 

Top  sark,  c.  Carrier  sark  (kaar.- 
iuor') — A  loose  overcoat  of  coarse 
woollen,  much  used  by  farm  ser- 
vants in  the  first  quarter  of  the 
19th  century. 


344 


I  set  off  i'  t'  rain  wid  my  basket  an' 
things  in't,  anonder  my  top-sark  to  keep 
o'dry.  Gibson — Bobby  Banks,  p.  11,  line  12. 

Topsman,  g.  (taups.mu'n) —  The 
man  in  charge  of  a  drove  of  cattle, 
etc. 

Top  spead,c.,sw.,E.,N.  Tomspead, 

nw. — A  heavy  spade  used  for  turn- 
ing sods. 

Top'taties,  c,  sw.  (taetiz).  Ter- 
riers, N.,  e.,  sw.  (TER'.IUR'Z) — 
Tubers  on  the  stems  of  potatoes. 

Torfer,  a, sw.  (tau.rtur).  Torfel, 
n.  (tau.rtu'l).  Torfet,  e.  (tau.R'- 
fut) — To  die ;  to  fail ;  to  be  de- 
feated. 

"He  gat  moyder't  in  a  snow-storm  and 
torfer't," 

If  milk  coo  or  nag  chance  to  torfet, 
Anudder  'ill  hev  to  be  bowt. 

Richardson,  2nd.   p.  150,  line  6. 

Ah  telt  em  it  was  suer  teh  torfer  afooar 
he  gate  hofe  way.  Scoap.  p.  218,  line  5. 

Torrel,  Obs. — "Ane  kill  quhair 
COrnes  are  dryed."  Life  and  Miracles 
of  Santa  Bega,  with  Notes  by  C. 
Tomlinson,  F.S.A.,  Carlisle. 

1842.   p.  80. 

They  carried  him  to  a  certain  house  vul- 
garly called  a  Torrel.   p.  37. 

Torrs :   see  Turras. 

To  t'  fwore,   g.  (tut  fwaur') — 
Alive,  living, 
"is  t'  oald  man  to  t'  fwore?" 

Totter  bog  :   see  Shog  bog. 

Toucher,  g.  (tuoch.U'R')— A  near 
approach. 

I  niver  hed  a  par  o'  spats  i'  my  life ;  but 
yance  I'd  as  nar  as  a  toucher  gitten  two 
par.   Gibson — Tom  Railton.  p.  148,  line  2. 

Touchy,  G.Touchious  (tuochiuos) 
— Easily  offended. 
When  whoke  yan  used  teh  ken  sa  weel 
preuvt    sooa   touchy  aboot  sec   a    smo 
matter.  Scoap.  p.  66,  line  4. 


Tov't :   see  Stoov't. 

Towel,  c.  (tooux)— "  Rub  him  with 
a  yak  towel,"  an  ironical  mode  of 
expressing  a  beating. 

Towertly,  g.  not  sw.  (too.U'R'TLi). 
To'rtly,  sw.  (tau.R'TLi)— Kindly, 
willingly. 

Wi'  a  canny  cozy  fireside, 
An'  teydy  towardly  deame. 

Silpheo — Random  rhymes,  p.  8. 

Then,  when  she'd  pang'd  her  belly  fou, 
How  tow'rtly  she  com  heame. 
Anderson — The  Peet-cadger.   Stz.  8. 

Towp  :   see  Cowp. 

Towry  lowry,  g.  (tauw.rt  lauw.- 
R'l) — All  in  disorder. 
He  wazzent  lang  till  he  hed  them  o'  fey- 
tan  togidder,  an'  o'  was  towry-lowry. 

Cumbriana.     p.  7,  line  7. 

Toy  tie,   g.  (taui.tu'l)— To   topple 
over ;  to  upset ;  totter. 
T'  oal  maizlin  was  like  to  toytle  of  his 
steul. 

Gibson — Joe  and  Geologist,  p.  4,  line  7. 

Toytly,  g.  (t5.ui.tli)— Shaky,  un- 
steady. 

T'  wholl  consarn  was  still  terrable  toytly, 
an  we'd  oa  t'  watter  on  the  git  it  teh  hod 
tegidder.  Scoap.    p.  218,  line  10. 

Trab  :   see  Tram. 

Tracing,  e. — The  sport  of  tracking 
and  following  a  hare  by  her  foot- 
prints in  the  snow. 

Traddah,  c.  (tr'Aad.U') — Hairy  tine 
tare  —  Victa  hlrsuta.  Flora.  See 
Hugaback. 

Traffic,  n.,  nw.  (tr a af.ik)— Lum- 
ber; useless  things.  "  Goods  and 
stock  of  any  class  "  (h.t.). 

Trail,  G.  (trael)— To  walk  lazily 
and  slovenly. 

They  say  our  Sargeant  trails  about 
As  slow  as  snails  that  creep. 

Rayson — Policeman.  Stz.  4. 


345 


Trailly,  G.  (tr'aexi)— Slovenly, 
lazily. 

They're  reet  sarra'd  for  being  sa  trailly 
and  feckless.    Lizzie  Lorton.  p.  26,  line  13. 

Trallopy :   see  Fallopy. 

•Tram,  c.  (traam).  Trab  (traab) 
— A  long  narrow  field.  (Not  known 
to  correspondents). 

Trantlements,  c.  (traan.tu'L- 
mu'NTs) — Useless  trifles. 
"  Laal  trantlan  '  jobs  and  things." 

A  greet  bundle  ov  his  stage  clease  .  .  .  t' 
play  actor  went  oot  wid  his  trantlems 
an'  Dinah  saw  him  neah  mair. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.   p.  10,  col.  3. 

Trapes,  c,  e.,  sw.(  tr'AEPs).  Trapesy 
(tr'AE.psi) — An  aimless  fruitless 
walk ;  a  saunterer ;  an  untidy 
woman. 

The  ladies  would  go  down  the  mine?  .  .  . 
his  lass  shouldn't  go  through  such  a 
trapse.        Lizzie  Lorton,  I.   p.  302,  line  1. 

— To  walk  aimlessly  or  in  a  slovenly 
manner ;  to  drag  the  dress  in  the 
dirt. 

Ye've  mair  time  nor  Ah  hev  to  gan  trap- 
sying  aboot.    Love  of  a  Lass.  p.  169,  line  4. 

Fells  hed  com  trapesin'  ower  'is  land. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  22.    p.  2,  col.  6. 

Trappings :   see  Stays. 

Trash,  nw.  (traash)— A  dirty 
woman,     h.t. 

— Ns. — To   walk   quickly    over   wet 
ground ;  (n.,  ne.)  to  trudge ;   (nw., 
e.)  to  weary  one's  self. 
"  Trashan  through  thick  and  thin  for  a 
heal  day  togidder." 

Trash,  cord,  c. — A  long  slender  rope 
fastened  to  the  collar  of  a  young 
pointer  (or  setter)  if  headstrong 
and  inclined  to  run  in.  This  en- 
ables the  breaker  by  putting  his 
foot  on  the  loose  end  to  check  the 
dog  for  "  down  charge."     J.  Ar. 

Trash't,  g.  (traasht)— Fatigued. 


Travel,  g.  (traav.U'l)— To  go  on 
foot,  walk.  One  who  has  found 
the  roads  slippery  or  very  rough 
will  say  that  "it  was  varra  bad 
travellin'." 

"  Ah's  gitten  ower  oal  an'  feald  teh  travel 
to  t'  kirk." 

Treak,  Cs.,  Es.  (triaak  ;  Ns.,  triek) 
— An  idle  fellow. 

— To  wander  idly  about,  and  with  no 
good  intention  in  view. 

"  What  is  ta  treaken  through  that  cworn 
for?" 

"  He  gaes  treaken  of  fra  heam  far  ower 
mickle,  he  can  get  nowt  duin  at  heame." 

"  What  is  ta  treaken  about  this  teyme  o' 
neet?"    J.H. 

Trig,  g.  not  sw.  (trtg) — Full,  trim, 
neat,  also  well  in  health. 
"  Trig  as  an  apple." 

An  Meg  an  Jen  are  trig  an  crouse, 
Sin  he  the  yallow  pwokie  fan. 
Anderson — Feckless  Wully.    Stz.  6. 

—  C,  N.,  SW. — To  fill,  to  stuff. 

Their  keytes  weel  trigg'd  wi'  solid  geer, 
They  now  began  to  guzzle. 

Minstrel.    Stz.  28. 

Trim,  G.  (trim) — Order,  condition. 
"  What  trim  is  t'  oald  horse  in  t'  year  ?  " 

We  wor  o'  i'  varra  good  trim,  an'  we  meadd 
a  hake  amang  t'  breead  an'  butter. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  38,  line  10. 

— To  whip  or  beat  a  child. 

Trimmer,  g.  (tr'im.U'R') — A  neat 
person. 

Trinkums,  G.  (trtnk.u'Mz) — Trin- 
kets ;  useless  finery. 
Brossen  wi'  envy  at  Wilkin's  trinkums 
an'  farlies.   Lizzie  Lorton,  I.  p.  290,  line  5. 

Trippet,  g.  (trjp.U't) — A  piece  of 
wood  used  in  a  boy's  game. 
"Deed as  a  trippet"- — quite  dead. 

Some  to  the  level  green  impatient  fly, 
To  drive  the  buzzing  trippet  through  the 
sky.   Clark — The  Rustic,   p.  15,  line  1. 


346 


Trivet,  g.  not  nw.  (triv.U'T — A 
three- footed  iron  frame  for  sup- 
porting pans,  etc.  on  the  fire. 
"As  reet  as  a  trivet" — perfectly  right. 

Trod,  g.  (tr'aud)— A  path  formed 
by  the  wear  of  feet ;  feut-TROD,  coo- 
trod,  sheep  trod. 

Blythe  on  this  trod  the  smurker  trip'd. 
Relph — Harvest,    line  13. 

What  multitudes  of  miners  .  .  .  had  worn 
the  zigzag  trod  so  deep. 

Rawnsley.  p.  157,  line  8. 

Trolly  bags,  g.  not  sw.  (tr'AUL.i- 
baagz) — Tripes. 

"Oh!  my  tripes  and  trollybags" — an 
exclamation  of  surprise;  if  without  "my" 
then  indicative  of  doubt  at  some  aspersion. 

(J.  Ar.). 

Trones,  EC.  (traunz)— A  steelyard. 

Troonce,  c,  N.,  nw.,  e.  (tr'oons). 
Trawwnce,  sw.  (tra.awns)— A 
long  and  rapid  journey. 
"Sec  a  troonce  we've  hed  ower  t'  fells." 

— To  trounce ;  whip ;  punish  ;  to 
travel  fast  and  far. 

Bill  says  he  nivver  seed  anybody  git  sec 
a  trooncin'.     W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  18,  col.  2. 

Trudgin,  b.  (tr'uj.an) — "Leyl 
trudgin',"  spoken  of  a  little  boy 
following  someone. 

Trug,  G.  not  sw.  (tr'uog) — A  wooden 
box  for  carrying  coals,  peats,  etc. 
in. 

Fadder  fetch't  in  . . .  a  trug  full  o'  smaw 
cwoals.  Betty  Wilson,   p.  83,  line  5. 

Truncher,  g.  (tr'UONCH.U'R') — 
Trencher;  a  wooden  platter.  A 
game  (Turn  the  Trencher)  requir- 
ing dexterity — a  young  man  lies 
flat,  resting  only  on  his  toes  at  a 
certain  mark  at  one  extremity,  and 
on  a  trencher  in  each  hand  at  the 
other ;  he  then  tries  to  reach  out 
the  trenchers  as  far  as  possible, 
and  if  not  held  at  the  right  angle 
and  edgewise,  down  they  go  and 
he  is  defeated. 


On  broad  pewder  dishes,  weel  leadden  at 

t'  end, 
Wood  trunchers  off  whilk  they  can  feed. 
Cumbriana.    p.  247,  line  15. 

Truncher  lugs,  G. — A  large-eared 
person,  one  with  ears  like  a  tren-. 
cher. 

T"  daft  truncher-lugs  hedn't  a   single 
wurd  teh  say.  Scoap.    p.  220,  line  6. 

Trunlins,  Cs.,  Ws.  (tr'UON.llnz)— 
Coals  about  the  size  of  apples. 

Trunnel,  g.  (tr'UON.ux)  —  The 
wooden  wheel  of  a  barrow. 

Trunnel  pie,  n. — A  pie  made  of  the 
small  entrails  of  a  calf. 

Tryst,  Obs. — Cattle  market. 
The  treyst  is  fairly  started, 
Now  you  may  up  and  cheat  away. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  7. 

T's  it,  c.  (tsit)— It  is  it ;  that  is  it. 

Tub -gig,  ne.  (tuob-gig).  Tub,  sw. 
— A  carriage  formerly  in  use,  re- 
sembling a  "  digby." 
I  once  had  a  seat  in  a  tub-gig. 

Brampton,   p.  16. 

Tull :   see  Te. 

Tully,  sw.  (tuol.i) — A  term  of  dis- 
gust.    See  Tee-Tak. 

T'  gurt  muckle  tully,  'at  is  she. 

Pen.  Obs.   1898,  May  31. 

Turn  :   see  Toom. 

Tum'ler,  g.  (tuom-luor1)— An  ale 
glass.  Originally  this  was  a  round 
bottomed  glass  which  could  not 
be  made  to  stand,  and  was  obliged 
to  be  emptied  at  once,  or  held  in 
the  hand. 

Cover  them  up  ivery  neeght  with  tummler 
glasses.  Scoap.   p.  151,  line  20. 

Tummel  car,  G.  (tuom.ux).  Turrah 
car  (tuor'.u*  kaar) — The  clumsy 
cart  of  old  times,  the  axle  of  which 
revolved  along  with  the  wheels. 
(One  in  existence  in  1897). 


347 


(Wulson)  Com  here  wid  six  douters  in 

his   TUMMEL  CAR. 

Rayson — Lady  Fair,    line  10. 

T"  clog-wheels  eh  t'  Hee  Neuck  oald  turrah 
car,  mebby,  at  was  fassent  on  t'  assel- 
tree,  an  beaath  turnt  tegidder. 

Scoap.    p.  59,  line  12. 
T  first  cars  they  gat  were  on  tummel  or 

ClOg-WHEELS. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  June  1.    p.  6,  col.  3. 

Tummellan  kist,  e.  (tuom.U'lu'n- 
kist) — A  post-chaise. 

Tummel  tails,  B.  (taelz) — One 
who  walks  unsteadily,  and  is  apt 
to  fall. 

Tum-tully :   see  Tee-tak. 

Tun  mill,  g.  (tuon-mil)— A  funnel 
used  for  decanting  liquids. 

They  mash't  t'  tunmill  heed  in. 

Cumbriana.   p.  285,  line  5. 

Tup-seg,  c,  ne.,  sw. — A  wether 
sheep.  u  Without  the  prefix  Tup, 
very  scarce"  (RW.). 

Turd  clock  :   see  Lousy  beagle. 

Turn,  G.  (tuor'U'n)— Habit,  manner. 

"He's  of  a  nar-gangan'  turn." 

He  hed  a  menseful  turn  in  him. 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  June  1.   p.  6,  col.  2. 

Turn  deal,  c.  Runnin  ceavvel,  ne. 

(ruon.U'N-kiaav.U'l)  —  In  some 
undivided  common  fields  the  owner- 
ship of  the  parcels  changes  annu- 
ally in  succession. 

Turras,  c.  (tuor'.U's).  Torrs,  sw. 
(taurz).  Turrs,  N.,  nw.  (tuor'z) 
—Turfs. 

Tushie-pegs,  g.  (tuosh.i-pegz) — A 
childish  name  for  the  teeth. 

Tute,  G.  (tioot) — To  wait  upon,  to 
hang  about  a  person  or  a  place. 
He  tutes  about  his  laal  wife  as  if  she 
was  a  barn.    Ferguson — Dialect,   p.  157. 


Twang,   g.  (twaang)— A  pang  of 
toothache  ;  a  dialectic  accent. 
I  commend  it  as  a  fairly  good  sample 
of  the  grand  old  John  Peel  twang. 

W.C.T.    1898,  July  16.   p.  4,  col.  5. 

— NW.,  SW. — To  twist. 

Thoo's  twang'd  thi  shoe  heel  o'  yah  side. 
Pen.  Obs.   May  24. 

Twank,  c,  nw.  (twaank) — To  give 
a  twankin'. 

Twanker,  G—  A  term  of  praise. 
There  were  two  pigs  charged  for,  a  couple 
of  twankers  they  are.   J.  Ar. 

Twankin',  g.  (twaankjn)  —A 
smart  slapping  with  the  flat  of  the 
hand,  or  stick;  a  thrashing  given 
by  one  boy  to  another. 
Our  little  friend  may  get  an  oilin,  a 
twankin,  or  a  targe-in. 

W.C.T.H.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  4. 

Tweesom,,  g.  (twee.su'm)— Two  in 
company. 

The  tweesome  gat  a-talkin'  aboot  what 
they'd  paid  for  dinners. 

Fireside  Crack,   p.  12,  line  7.. 

Tweezle,  b.  (twee.zu'l) — To  shake 
or  ruffle  violently. 

"  Theer !  tweezle't  up,"  as  the  man  said 
when  the  wind  was  blowing  a  gale  and 
he  had  secured  his  own  crop. 

Twig,  g.  (twig) — To  understand  an 
obscure  meaning ;  (b.)  to  lay  hold 
of;  to  pull  the  hair, 
"it's  a  twiggan  neet  o'  frost." 

Twilt,  g.  (twilt).  Twult,  n. 
(twuolt) — To  beat  keenly;  to 
quilt;  see  Preface. 
She  does  her  best,  and  is  then  said  to 
twilt  him,  and  a  twiltin'  nivver  mead 
him  yewl.        W.C.T.H.   1894.   p.  12,  col.  4. 

She's  t'  TwiLTiN'-frame  in  t'  parlour  loft. 
Dickinson— Remains,  p.  175,  line  4. 

Twilting,  g.  (twilt.in).  Twultin, 

n.  (twult.U'n)— A  severe  beating 
given  by  a  mother  to  a  boy.  See 
above. 


348 


Twine,  Gh  (twaain).  Tweyne,  nw. 
(twaein)  — A   fretful  complaint, 
whine. 
My  judgment's  wrang,  an'  aw  my  twines 

an'  frets 
Seems  noo  like  silly,  empty,  false  regrets. 
Whitehaven  News.   1899,  Jan.  5. 
p.  3,  col.  2. 

—  g.  (twaain).  Tweyne,  nw. 
(twaein)— To  (1)  twist;  to  (2) 
whine,  complain. 

"  She  (2)  tweyns  an'  twists  on,  peer  laal 
body." 
S —  (1)  twined  his  cock's  neck. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  July  6.    p.  3,  col.  7. 

T  beck  (1)  twinin'  away  throo  t'  middle. 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  112,  line  5. 

I  meynd  when  she  sat  in  the  nuik,  at  her 

wheel, 
How  she'd  (1)  tweyne  the  slow  threed. 
Anderson — Aunty.   Stz.  2. 

For  still't  mun  rather  ease  my  meynde — 
At  is  but  owr  dispos'd  to  (2)  tweyne — 
To  ruminate  on  auld  lang  seyne — 

New  Year's  Epistle.   Stz.  25. 

Twing,  c,  sw.,  nc. — A  small  red 
spider-like  insect  reputed  to  give 
to  cattle  chancing  to  eat  it  with 
the  grass  the  severe  disorder  called 
Eed  water.  This  is  probably  Oonops 

jmlcher    (W.H.Y.). 

Twingt ;  Twin't :   see  Hawk't. 

Twink,  nc,  sw.  (twink).  Tiffin, 
sw.  (tif.in) — A  moment  of  time. 
In  a  twink  or  two.  Jos.  P. 

Twinter,  g.  (twintth.U'R')  —  A 
sheep  of  two  winters. 

He  owder  wantit  t'  twinters  browt  doon 
teh  t'  fields  or  t'  oald  yows  teaan,on  t' 
fells.  Scoap.   p.  8,  line  10. 

Ewes,  gimmers,  twinters,  trinters,  and 
hogs.  Mayroyd.    p.  88,  line  7. 

Twiny ,  g.  (twaai.ni)— Poorly,  com- 
plaining. 

"  Bfae'l  nobbet  vary  twiny  t'-day." 

Alis  liingy  an'  twiny  an'  feckless  an'  oot 

o'  fettle.    Dr.  Barnes. 


Twist,  g.  not  e.  (twist)— Appetite. 
A  feeder,  an  eater.  "  He's  a  rare 
twist"  being  taken  to  be  "he  has" 
instead   of  "he  is"  (Ferguson.  Dial. 

p.  157).    (c.)  A  turn  of  the  halter  put 

round  a  horse's  jaw. 

That  lad  hes  a  twist.    Pen.  Obs.   May  31. 

— To  whine,  to  be  peevish  or  out  of 
temper. 

"She  tweyns  an'  twists  on,  peer  laal 
body." 

Twisty,  sw.— Whiney.  t.e. 
Twitch,  white  —  :    G.  ([hjwaait 

TWICH)  —  Couch  grass — Triticum 
repens,  and  Creeping  Soft  grass — 
Holcus  mollis.  Black  twitch,  the 
roots  of  different  species  of  Agrartis, 
and  Red  fescue — Fest><<-<i  rubra  and 
ndg.     w.h.     See  Button  gurse. 

Pity  but  they  could  git  as  sure  a  remedy 
for  twitch  ! 

C.  Pacq.   1893,  Aug.  31.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

Twitch  bed  :  see  Cord  bed. 

Twitch  bell,  c,  Ea,  N.  (twich.bel). 
Cat  o'  nine  tails,  c,  b.,  Ws. — The 
earwig — Forficula  (luricuUiriu.  For- 
merly the  name  was  Cat-with- 
two- tails. 

Twitcher  ;  Bed -twitch,  G.  — A 
piece  of  wood  having  a  nick  and 
a  hole  in  it,  used  when  "  twitch- 
ing" or  tightening  up  the  cords  of 
a  cordbed. 

Twitter,  g.  (twitth.U'R')— Edge. 
"Just  in  a  twitter" — on  the  very 
point  or  edge,     (b.)  Very  near. 

Oor  dog  was  within  a  twitter  o'  clickin' 
f  hare.  Dickinson.   1859. 

Twote,  c,  n.,  e.  (t  waut)— The  whole 
lot,  total. 

The  Frenchmen, od-die  them!  I'll  kill  the 
heale  twote. 

Anderson — Soldier  Yeddy.   Stz.  4. 

Two  ways  for  Easter,  to  look  — : 
see  Sebbm  ways. 


349 


Tyke,  a  (taaik).  Teyke,  nw. 
(taeik) — An  unruly  fellow ;  a  dog. 
There  is  a  tradition  of  a  Curwen 
of  Workington  Hall  having  shot  a 
Howard  of  Corby  in  a  duel  on 
Carlisle  sands  during  an  Assize 
meeting,  for  offensively  using  the 
word  tyke  to  him. 

Her  man — a  durty  tike! — 
Wad  bray  her  wid  a  besom  stick. 

Gibson— Branthet  Neuk.  p.  59,  line  2. 

Tyl't,  c,  sw,  e.  (taeilt) — Wearied, 
annoyed. 

I's  tyled  to  deeth  wid  this  kurn.  I've  been 
kurning  iver  sen  mwornin',  an'  I  seem  as 
far  off  butter  as  iver.  Gibson,   p.  204. 

Tymerly,  c,  nw.  (taai.mu'R'Li) — 

Defective. 

"  It  s  a  tymekly  coiisarn— it's  badly  putten 

togidder." 


u 


dif- 


Udder  geats,  n. — Otherwise 
ferent. 

Umlik,  sw.  (uom.lu'k).  Humlik, 
nw.  —  Common  Hemlock—  Coninm 

maculatum. 

Unbiddable,  g.  (uonbid.U'BU'l) — 
Obstinate,  untractable. 

Uncanny,  g.  (uon.kaan.i)  —  Sus- 
pected of  evil  doings  ;  unruly  ; 
difficult  to  deal  with ;  almost  un- 
earthly. 

Times  was  raderly  uncanny  than, 
An'  laal  better  now. 
Dickinson — Remains,    p.  193,  line  11. 
He  called  her  a  witch,  and  suerly  she  is 
a  laal  bit  uncanny. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  20,  line  20. 

Unco,  n.  (uon.ku).      Unket,  ec. 
(uonkut)  —  Wondrous,  strange  ; 
very;  unfamiliar. 
What,  is  there  owt  unket  i'  your  country 
seyde  ?     Anderson — Bruff  Reaces.  Stz.  2. 


It  souns  unco  sweet,  to  be  caw'd  a  weyfe. 

Anderson — Robby  Miller.    Stz.  1. 
What's  t'  use  o'  speakin'  unket  words. 

Echoes — Difference,    p.  141,  line  5. 

Uneasy,  g.  (uonee.zi)  —  Irregular, 
up  and  down  hill,  unlevel. 
It's  a  varry  uneasy  rwoad  frae  Arma- 
thwaite  to  Cumwhitton.     Hetherington. 

Unfewsom',  g  (uonfioo.su'm) — 
Awkward,  unbecoming. 

Unket :   see  Unco. 

Unlick't  cub,  c.  (uonlikt-kuob) — 
A  rude  and  ignorant  young  person. 

Unlucky,  c,  Ws.  (uonluokj) — Mis- 
chievous. 

"  Yon's  an  unlucky  brat  of  a  lad." 

Unsay  able,   g.  (uonsae.U'bu'l)  — 
Wilful,  uncontrollable.    Cf.  Say. 

Up,  G.  (uop)— Used  elliptically  for 
to  lift,  get  or  rise  up ;  to  upset, 
(c.)  To  fatigue.     Cf.  Up  wid. 
"This  het  wedder  an'  hard  wark  fairly 
ups  a  body." 

Ah  up  an  scopt  em  atween  t'  een  wih  me 
reet  neef.  Scoap.    p.  20,  line  9. 

She  ups  wid  her  head  when  she  nobbut 
sees  me.  Two  Ways.    p.  80,  line  15. 

Up  abeun,  G. — Above. 

Up  an'  doon,  g. — Perfectly. 
"  He's  eb'm  up  an'  doon  honest." 

An  up-an-dooner  at  shinny. 

Scoap.    p.  2,  line  18. 

Upbank,  g.  (baank) — A  working 
driven  to  the  rise  in  the  coal. 

R.W.M. 

— Uphill,  upwards.     See  Inhill. 
Till  watters  run  up-bank,  an  trees  aw 
grow  downards. 

Anderson — Kitt  Craffet.    Stz.  9. 

He  can  hardly  tell  whedder  end  on  him's 
upbank.      Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  7,  line  1. 


350 


Upboil,  Cs. — Said  of  water  springing 
at  the  bottom  of  a  well  or  drain, 
powerfully  enough  to  cause  the 
appearance  of  boiling  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  water.  A  spring  near 
Wigton  is  called  the  "Boiling 
Spring." 

Up-bringing,  g. — Rearing,  training. 

Up-by,  ne.  (uop  bael)  —  Up  the 
valley.  Hallbank  is  upby  from 
Brampton. 

Yen  o'  th'  queerest  weddin's  I  iver  kent 
happen'd  upbye. 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  62. 

Up -hod,    G.  not  SW.  (uopau.d)— 
Maintenance.     See  Preface. 
"He's  of  a  parlish  girt  uphod  an'  can 
swallow  two  basonfulls  o'  poddish  to  t' 
breakfast." 

Up-kest,  g. — Reproach. 

— To  reproach  with,  throw  in  one's 
teeth. 

Her  daughter  used  very  bad  language, 
and  upcast  men  at  her. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  June  2.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Upmak,  c,  sw.,  e—  To  overturn, 
upset ;  (a,  nw.)  elate,  (e.,  nw.) 
Renew. 

Sed  tull  his-sell  it  was  nobbut  yah  vwote 
efter  oa,  an  couldn't  upmak  owder  side. 

Scoap.    p.  151,  line  9. 

What  he  was  that  upmead  wid  t'  gift  o' 
t'  oald  cwoat.    D.H. 

Up   o'  end,    g    (uop-U'-end)— Up- 
right, going  about, 
"is't  wife  up  o'  end  yet?" 

Upper,  c,  nw.  (uop.U'R')— Done  up, 
exhausted,  finished. 
"It's  aboot. upper  wid  't"  —  said  of  a 
dying  horse.    S.D.B. 

Also  said  of  a  man  in  financial  difficulties, 
or  of  one  scarcely  able  to  walk  through 
drink.    "  He's  just  about  upper."    J.H. 


Uppermer,  g.  (uop.U'R'MUR') — The 
higher. 

He  triet  nut  to  speak  on  't — He  knew  't 
wasn't  reet, 
But  it  ola's  bead  by  him — his  upper- 
mor'  thowte. 
Gibson— Jos.  Thompson,    p.  140,  line  i. 

Uppies  and  Doonies— At  the  game 
of  football  played  on  Easter  Tues- 
day at  Workington,  on  the  one 
side  are  colliers — the  Uppies,  whilst 
the  sailors  or  Doonies  are  the  op- 
posers.  The  game  as  played  is 
most  rough  and  even  brutal ;  clogs 
are  worn. 

Uppish,  g.  (uop.ish)— Conceited  ; 
holding  a  high  head. 
It  had  a  certain  effect  on  the  young  man 
himself  in  making  him  rather  uppish  and 
conceited.    Lizzie  Lorton.  I.  p.  123,  line  13. 

Upreet  an'  doon-streeght,   G. — 

Straight  up  and  down. 

Its   oa   UPREEGHT    AN    DOON-STREEGHT    like 

a  yard  eh  pump-watter. 

Scoap.    p.  179,  line  8. 

Upsett'n  and  doon  thruss'n,  G. 

notsw. — This  is  used  in  identify- 
ing a  person ;  as,  u  it's  his  varra 
sel  upsett'n  an'  doon  thruss'n." 

Upshot,  g.  (uop.shaut).  Penny- 
hop,  n. — Result,  issue.  A  benefit- 
night  party  held  at  an  inn  when 
the  landlord  was  about  to  leave, 
called  also  a  "  drinkin'  oot  neet." 
An  Upshot  was  also  frequently 
held  in  a  barn,  when  the  arrange- 
ments were  made  by  a  small  com- 
mittee of  the  young  men  who 
were  their  own  caterers. 

T  upshot  on't  oa  was  at  Jwohn  gat  t' 
brutches.  Scoap.    p.  69,  line  12. 

Tawk't  of  an  Upshot  lang  an'  sair 
To  keep  up  Fassen's-even. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  2. 

Penny  hops  ilk  neight. 

Minstrel — Auld  Lang  Syne.  Stz.  15. 


351 


Upsides  wid,  g.  (uopsaai.dz)— To 
retaliate  ;  to  be  revenged  on. 
Ah'll  be  upsides  wih  that  chap,  an  ha  me 
pennurths  oot  eh  his  hide  yit. 

Scoap.    p.  115,  line  13. 

Uptak,  G.  —  Lifting,  finding ;  the 
beginning. 

"Aa  fand  his  watch  on  t'  rwoad  and  he 
ga'  me  summat  for  t'  uptak." 

Up  wid,  g. — To  be  even  with.  See 
Up. 

"  He  up  wid  his  neef  and  doon't  him,  and 
he  was  up  wid  him  than." 

Urlin,  g.  not  sw.  (uor'.lin) — A  dwarf 
or  dwarfish  thing. 
He  turnt  on  t'  urlin  noo  at  ah  still  held 
be  t'  neck  an  telt  em  he  was  reet  sarrat. 
Scoap.    p.  107,  line  16. 

Url't :   see  Knurt. 

Urph.,  k,  e.  (uort)— A  dirty  or 
diminutive  person  or  child ;  one  of 
dwarfish  growth. 

Us,  G.  (u'z)— Me,  we. 
"  Please  give  us  a  lift." 

We're  silly,  us  lasses. 

Gibson — Sneck  posset.    Stz.  4.    I 

Usable,  G.  (ioo.zu'BU'l)  —  Fit  for 
use. 

Use  money,  g.  (iooz-muon.i).  Use 
brass. — Interest  on  money  lent. 

Ut :   see  Te. 

Utick,  e.  (uot.ik).   Woodchat,  e.— 

The  WhmchSLt—Pratincola  rubetra. 

H.M. 


Vallidom,  c,  sw.  (vaal.idu'm) — 
The  value. 

"I  wadn't  give  t'  vallidom  of  an  oald 
sang  for  o'  t'  set  o'  them." 

Varst,  g.  (vaar'St)— Much,  much 
more  ;  used  elliptically  for  a  "vast 
deal." 

T  rwoad  went  on  by  t'  watter  side,  an' 
was  a  varst  cleaner. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  114,  line  4. 

A  varst  of  advice,  o'  free  gratis  he  gat. 
Gibson — Jos.  Thompson.    Stz.  4. 

She  tawk't  a  varst. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  9. 

Varter,  nw.  (vaa.R'TTHU'R')— Life, 

energy. 

We  would  use  varter  about  the  "aul 
man "  if  he  was  sprightly  and  lively  ; 
if  a  fire  got  low  and  we  failed  in  an  en- 
deavour to  get  it  roused  up  again  we 
would  say  "it  hed  nae  varter  in  't,"  and 
of  a  man  thoroughly  beaten  in  a  fight  it 
would  be  said  that  "he  hed  aw  t'  varter 
knock't  oot  on  him."      J.H. 

Vayper,  c,  n.,  nw.  (vae.ptj'r)  — 
Bullying,  exulting  actions  or  words. 

Their  spangs  an'  vapours  pass'd  for  wut. 
Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  25. 

— To  caper  ;  exult. 

Theer  was  Brough-side  lads,  an'  Theursby 
chaps, 
An'  Bowness  fishers  vaiperan. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  6. 

"Vendis,  c— The  fish  Yendace — 
Cor  eg  onus  vandeslus.  Fauna,  p.  517. 
This  fish  is  very  seldom  seen,  and 
common  report  says  that  it  lives 
at  the  bottom  of  the  lake  (Bassen- 
thwaite)  from  which  it  is  dislodged 
only  by  heavy  winds,  and  blown 
out  of  the  water  on  to  the  shore  ! 

"Vennel,  g.  (venul)— A  gutter. 

Carry't  t'  watter  off  beaath  ways  inteh 
t'  vennels.  Scoap.    p.  93,  line  8. 


352 


Viewly,  g.  (vioo.li)  —  Handsome, 
pleasing  to  look  upon. 

Viewsom',  g.  (vioo.su'm)— Comely ; 
of  good  appearance. 

Vine,  c.  (vaain) — A  black-lead  pen- 
cil. 


w 

W — Many  words  commencing  with 
¥r —  will  be  found  under  R.  W 
is  frequently  inserted  before  a 
vowel  as  rwoad  for  road,  Gworge 
for  George,  Swort  for  sort,  and 
also  often  takes  the  place  of  Q, 
as  Whiet  for  quiet,  Swirt  for 
squirt. 

Waar,  a,  sw.  (waer'  ;  waar1). 
"Ware,  n.,  nw,  e.  (waer')  — To 
expend,  spend  ;  beware. 

"  He  nobbet  war't  sixpence  at  t'  fair ! " 

There's  nea  hurt  i'  warin'  t'  odd  brass  iv 
a  pictur'  beuk. 

Gibson — Bobby  Banks,    p.  15,  line  7. 

Waaw,  c, n.,  nw.  (waaw).  Wow,  e. 
(wauw).  Wawwl,sw.(wAAWL) 
— The  wail  of  an  infant ;  silly  talk. 
Keaty  Curbison'  cat  hed  a  whudderin' 
waow.     Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.  linel. 

— To  wail  like  an  infant ;  to  cry  like 
a  cat. 
"  Wawwan  like  a  cat." 

Oor  Betty's  alius  wawin',  wawin', 
Theer'  summet  ivver  gangin  wrang. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  147,  line  1. 

Waawy,c.,N.,NW.(wAAW.i).  Wowy, 
E.  (wauwi) — Ailing,  complaining. 

Wad,  a,  e.  (waad)  —  Blacklead. 
Also  (e.)  a  district  or  beat;  two 
places  may  be  said  to  lie  in  the 
same  wad.  Also  formerly,  a  pledge, 
forfeit.     See  Watch  web. 


T'  Wad  Mine  was  a  gart  spot  i'  them 
days,  an'  wad  was  as  plentiful  as  berries 
on  a  buss.  Borrowdale.    p.  6,  line  6. 

Ah  teeak  oot  me  wad  pencel. 

Scoap.    p.  39,  line  8. 

— C.,WS.,E.— To  stuff,  fill. 
Wad  thisel  wi'  some  beef. 

Pen.  Obs.    1896,  May  31. 

Wad  eater,  Cs.,  sw.  (eetth.U'R' ; 
itthu'R') — Indian  rubber. 

Wadn't  cud  dea't,  c.,n.(waad.U'NT- 
kuod-diuot)  —  Could  not  do  it. 
There  are  many  examples  of  this 
strange  combination  with  the  verb 
can — "  He  wont  can  lend  you." 

Waff,  G.  (waaf).  Waugh,  Whaff. 
— The  l?ark  of  a  pup  or  whelp. 
A  puff  of  wind.  A  slight  motion 
of  the  hand,  etc.  (b.,  sw.,  EC.)  A 
weak  scent :  when  meat  begins  to 
decay  it  gives  out  a  waugh. 
Thou  med  ha'  knocked  me  down  wid  a 
waff  o'  thy  neetcap. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  205,  line  6. 

This  yal  tiastes  warf.  A  pantry  smells 
warf.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  7. 

Keep  oot  o'  t'  waf  o'  t'  train. 

Pen.  Obs.    Ap.  26. 

Wafflsh,  g.  (waaf.ish).  Waffy 
(waaf.i)— Weakly,  feeble. 

Ah's  that  waffy  thoo  could  fell  mi  wi'  a 
fedder.  Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  7. 

Waffle,  g.  (waaf.U'l)— To  waver, 
to  be  undecided. 
Thoo'l  waffle  aboot  an'  say  owt. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  7. 

Waffler,  g.  (waaf.lu'R')— An  un- 
steady person  ;  one  not  to  be  de- 
pended on. 

Saint  Gworge,  the  girt  champion,  of  fame 
and  renown, 
Was  nobbet  a  waffler  to  Matthew 

Macree. 
Anderson — Matthew  Macree.    Stz.  4. 


353 


"Wag  by  t'  wo',  g.  (waag-beet- 
wau)  —  An  old-fashioned  clock 
without  a  case,  having  the  pen- 
dulum exposed. 

Mendin'  their  eight-day  clocks,  and  cleanin' 
their  wag-at-the-wa's. 

Graham — Red  Scaur.    1896.    p.  260. 

Waint,  s.  (waent)— Very.  See 
Went. 

A  woman  is  whaint  ill  of  when  she's 
left  alaan.      Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue, 
p.  41,  line  12.    j 

Wairsh  :  see  Welsh. 

Waister,  g.(wae.stthu'E')— A  thief 
in  the  candle — a  small  piece  of  the  j 
snuff  which  having  fallen  into  the  | 
body  of  the  candle  and  there  i 
burning,  causes  an  unnecessary  j 
consumption  and  guttering,  and 
consequently  a  waste. 

Waistrel :   see  Taistrel. 

Waistry,  g.  (wae.stri) — Waste. 
It's  doon  reet  wastry,  sweepan  t'  geats 
wi'  yards  o'  silk. 

Willy  Wattles,    p.  7,  line  1. 

Wait,  c,  Ns.  (waet)— To   wot   or 
know.     Obsolesc. 
I's  seek,  and  wait  not  what  to  de. 
Relph — Brand  New  Ballat.    p.  77,  line  3. 
Iron  bars  an'  aw's  cummen, 
I  wate  na  what  of  aw's  cummen, 

This  was  a  rhyme  in  use  at  Carlisle  in 
the  Reform  agitation.  A  great  meet- 
ing was  to  be  held  and  the  rhymes  in- 
tended Iron  bars  to  represent  or  typify 
Willie  Weir,  in  those  days  a  bar-iron 
merchant  in  the  City.    W.H. 

Wale  :   see  Weal. 

Walk,  g.  (wauk)— To  full  cloth. 

Walker,  g.  (wau.ku'R')— A  fuller 
of  cloth.  Much  of  the  woollen 
weaving  was  formerly  performed 
in  country  places  by  hand.  At 
that  time  small  mills  of  rude  con- 
struction, turned  by  water  power, 
x' 


for  walking  cloth,  were  not  scarce; 
and  their  places  still  retain  the 
name  of  Walk  Mills.  In  still 
older  times  the  walking  was  per- 
formed by  tramping  with  the  feet 
— hence  the  term. 

Walking,  g.  (wau.ku'n)— A  mason 
or  quarry  man's  method  of  moving 
a  flag-stone  on  its  end. 

Walla,  c,  Ws.  (waal.U')  —  Weak ; 
faint  from  want  or  illness  ;  taste- 
less ;  insipid.     See  Welsh. 

Wallet,  g.  (waal.U't)— A  long  bag 
open  at  the  middle  and  closed  at 
the  ends  for  conveying  marketing 
on  horse-back.     Out  of  use  1875. 

Wall  louse :  see  Kirk  louse. 

Wallop,  C,  N.,  E.,  NW.  (WAAL.TJ'P) — 

To  beat ;  to  dangle  loosely ;  to 
move  quickly  and  awkwardly. 

Oald  Sorrell  was  wallopan  on  em  or 
runnin  efter  a  forren  fella. 

Scoap.   p.  3,  line  15. 

If  her  lad  .  .  .  can  wallop  them  jokers, 
he  does  not  neglect  them. 

W.C.T.H.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Walloper,  g.  (waal.uttj'R') — Any- 
thing great;  one  who  beats  or 
thrashes. 

"That's  a  lee,  an'  a  walloper  inta't 
bargain." 

Mey  stars,  she's  a  walloper  !  just  leyke 
a  house  en. 

Anderson — Carel  Fair.  p.  47,  line  23. 
T'  horsemen  were  considered  to  be  at  t' 
top  o'  t'  tree  an' t'  cowmen  at  t'  boddom. 
To  show  this  they  were  dubbed  "long- 
tailed  grooms,"  "bullock  wallopers."  . 
C.  Pacq.   1893,  Sept.  14.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Walloping,    g.   (waal.utu'n)— A 
severe  beating,  thrashing. 
Bit  flicker  ov  aw  was  a  souple  hezzel, 
an'   this  un  t'   lads  uset  to  caw  t'  lang 
wallop.  W.C.T.X.   1894.   p.  18,  col.  1. 


354 


Wallow-crops,  c.  (waal.tt- 
kr'AUPs) — An  expression  of  scorn, 
applied  indiscriminately  to  mental 
or  physical  imbecility  (Obsolesc). 
(a,  sw.)  A  hen  is  so  called  when 
unable  to  feed  well  and  is  delicate 

(R.K.). 

Wammel,  G.  (waam.U'l)— To  enter 
in  a  sinuous  way ;  to  walk  with  a 
rocking  motion. 
Wammellan  like  an  eel.    W.D. 

By  air-wole  or  chimla  it  wummelt  it  way. 
Gibson — Keaty.   Stz.  2. 

Wamp  :  see  Stanger. 

"Wan,  c.  (waan) — Wishful ;  hungry 

(S.D.B.). 

Wandering  Jenny,  c,  nc. — Money- 
wort— Lyslmiickla  n iimin ulti via. 

Wandly,  G.  not  sw.  (waa.nli) — 
Gently,  quietly. 

'Come  luive"  quo  I,  "I'll  waanly  take 
thee  down."      Clakk — Seymon.   line  37. 

After  making  all  doors  and  windows 
secure  as  wandly — that  is  with  as  little 
noise  as  possible. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  6,  col.  2. 

Wandy,  c.  (waand.i)— Slim  and 
flexible  as  a  willow  wand,  agile. 

Wang-tenth,  c,  sw.,  &  (waang- 
tiuoth)— A  molar  tooth. 

Wankle,  G.  (waank.U'l) — Weak, 
feeble. 

"He  was  lang  varra  wankle  bit  he  gat 
croppen  oot  agean." 

If  ye  carry  on  a  trade  like  that  owte  sa 
lang,  ye'll  be  mackin'  t*  oald  maister's 
munney  bags  leuk  gaily  wankle. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiff.   p.  29,  line  10. 

Wannel,  n.  (waan.U'l)  —  Lithe, 
agile,  flexible. 

Wans  :  see  Wythes. 

Want,  g.  (waant)— To  (1)  deserve; 
(2)  require ;  (3)  spare  ;  (4)  do 
without. 


"He  (1)  wants  a  good  skelpin  to  mak 
him  behave  his  sel." 

He's  auld  an  fealed,  an  (2)  wants  his 
sleep.   Anderson — Bashful  Wooer.  Stz.  1. 

They  can  (3)  want  me  there  nicely,  with 
arl  the  grand  doctors  they've  getten.  But 
they  canna  (4)  want  me  here. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  260,  line  1. 

Gud  fwoke  ur  scearse,  an*  bad  'ans  cannot 
be  (4)  wantit.  Saying. 

Wanter,  g.  (waantth.U'R') — A 
marriageable  person. 

But  th'u's  a  wannter  !  Fs  a  wannter  ! 
An'  nowder  sud  be  wannters  lang. 
Gibson — Sannter  Bella.   Stz.  4. 

Wanty,  g.  (waant.i)  —  Deficient, 
imperfect,  defective. 

Wap  :  see  Lap. 

Warble  flee,  g.  (waa.R'BU'l) — The 
Gad-fly — (Ettrus  boms. 

War-board,  c.  (waa.R'BAUR'D  ; 
bwaur'd) — A  shop's  counter. 

Warday,  g.  (waa.rdae) — A  work- 
ing day.  "Wardays  and  Sundays" 
— all  the  week. 

Blue  aprons  they'd  for  war-day  weer, 
Turn'd  sides  when  durty  wark  was  deun. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  59,  line  1. 

Ware  :  see  Waar. 

Wark,  g.  (waark)— Work. 

It's  slow  wark  to  sup  buttermilk  with  a 
pitchfork.  Prov. 

Bob  Simpson,  hevvin'  finish't  his  wark 
ya  Thursday  neet. 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  96,  line  7. 

Wark  g.  Yik,  n.  (iek)— An  aching. 
Cures  the  tuith-WARK  wid  a  charm. 

Anderson — Grizzy.   Stz.  2. 

Tom  pleent  rayder  eh  t'  backwARK. 

SCOAP.    p.  229,  line  20. 

— To  ache. 

Me  heid  warkt  as  it  hod  niver  warkt 
afooar.  Scoap.   p.  50,  line  19. 


355 


Warm,  e.,  ne.  (waar'U'm) — Rich,  in 
good  circumstances. 

He's  a  canny  chap,  .  .  .  though  not  sich 
a  warm  man  as  we  micht  ha'  looked  for 
for  oor  Phyllis. 

Love  of  a  Lass.    p.  195,  line  3. 

— G. — To  beat,  to  slap  a  child. 

"  A'll  warm  tha." 

Mr  J —  tellt  me  theer  was  nea  law  for  a 
donkey,  but  if  it  hed  been  a  horse  he  wad 
ha'  warm't  them. 

Cumbriana.   p.  279,  line  6. 

Warn,  g.  (waar'.U'n) — To  assure, 
warrant.     To  bid  or  give  notice  of 
a  funeral. 
"  Aa's  war'nt  at  it  is.'T 

What,  can't  'e  tak  a  glass  o'  rum  ? 
Thoo'll  mannish  that,  I's  warn. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  25,  line  i. 

Warn  in',  c,  N.,  nw.  (waa.R'NIn). 
Biddin',  sw.,  e. — The  circuit  in- 
vited to  a  funeral.  See  Laitin'. 
The  burial  will  take  place  the  day  after 
to-morrow,  .  .  .  and  bid  every  master  and 
mistress  within  the  warning  to  Shoul- 
thwaite  Moss. 

Shadow  of  a  Crime,    p.  62,  line  13. 

Warp,  g.  (waart)— To  lay  eggs. 

T  lal  cuckoo-hen's  warped  this  mworn. 

S.D.B. 

Warridge,   g.  (waaruj)  —  The 
withers  of  a  horse. 
A  grand-like  colt,  but  a  wee  bit  thick  i' 
t'  warrage.    J.  Ar. 

Warrishin,  c.  (wa armshin).  War- 
rison  (waar'.isu'n) —  The  belly. 
A  gift,  reward  on  completing  any 
business,  or  on  leaving  any  situ- 
ation. A  supply,  store.  Used  in 
contemp.t  for  reward  (w.H.). 

"  A  warrishin'  o'  sooins  an  yal." 

Thoo's  gittn  thy  warrison,  me  lad  ;  lig 
thee  theer  till  sec  times  as  ah  send  for 
theh.  Scoap.    p.  31,  lined. 

X2 


Warsen,  g.  (waar'S.U'n) — To  grow 
worse ;  to  cause  to  grow  worse. 

T'  best  land  'at  iver  laid  oot  o'  dooars. 
Whativer  way  ye  gang  ye  warsen  ! 

Gibson— Wise  Wiff.    p.  25,  line  4. 

Bit  noo  theer'  nowt  bit  swashy  tea, 
Na  wonder  fwok  sud  warsent  be. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  31,  line  10. 

Wart  gurse,  c.  (waart).  Wart 
weed,  Churnstaff. — Sun  Spurge 
Euphorbia  helioseopia.       See    Kern 

stofe. 

Waste— The  old  disused  workings 
or  air-courses  in  a  coal-mine. 

R.W.M. 

Wasterledges :  see  Easter-mun- 
jians. 

Watch  Hill :  see  Teut  Hill. 

Watch,  webs,  W.  weds.— This  old 
game,  also  called  "  Scotch  and 
English,"  was  thus  played  :  a 
boundary  line  was  drawn  between 
the  two  contending  parties,  and 
at  an  equal  distance  from  this 
line  each  player  deposited  his  hat, 
etc.  ;  each  side  then  tried  to  pill- 
age from  the  store  of  the  oppo- 
nents, and  if  one  of  them  were 
caught,  he  was  retained  prisoner. 
Web  or  Wed  was  the  name  given 
to  the  heap,  and  meant  "forfeit." 

Water,  g.— One  of  the  two  princi- 
pal terms  for  a  lake  of  the  larger 
Size  :    Ulls  Water,  Derwent  Water. 

Wath,  G.  (waath)— A  ford  through 
a  stream.  Frequently  in  combina- 
tion forming  the  name  of  a  place : 
BroadwATH,  LongwATHby. 
The  new  bridge  over  the  Kingwater  will 
stand  on  the  site  of  the  wall  at  the  place 
of  the  ford  or  wath. 

C.  Patr.     1894,  June  15.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

Watna,   n.  (hwaat-na) —  Do   not 
know.     See  Wait. 
I  watena  how  it  cam  to  pass. 

Anderson — Young  Susy.   Stz.  1. 


356 


Watter  ask,  <;.  (waatthu'R')— A 
newt  or  water  lizard.  See  Ask. 
It  is  an  object  of  abhorrence  to  old- 
fashioned  country  folk,  who  call  it  the 
Water  Ask.  Fauna,    p.  463,  line  12. 

Watter  brash,  G. — A  gushing  over- 
flow of  saliva,  heart-burn. 
He's    pleagu'd    wi'    the    watter-brash, 
mworn,  nuin  an  neet. 

Anderson — Tamer  and  Matty.    Stz.  2. 

Watter  caltrops,  Obs.  (kaal.- 
tr'aups).  Small  frogs'  lettuce. 
— Pondweed —  Potamogeton  crUpus. 

NlCOLSON. 

Watter  clock,  g. — The  small  water- 
beetle  or  Whirlygig — Qyrmw  nata- 

tor. 

Watter  creake,  Obs. — Water  Eail 
— Rally 8  aquatlcus. 

Fauna,     p.  344,  line  14. 

Watter  cro' :   see  Scarf. 

Watter  dockin,  c.  Burbleck,  EC. 
(BUOR'.BLEK)-Common  Butter  Bur 
I'chi, fit  e%  vulgaris. 

Watter  draw,  g. — The  area  within 
which  water  gathers  towards  one 
outlet, 

Watter  dyke,  nw.  — A  ditch  or 
sowe  wide  and  deep  enough  to 
form  a  fence. 

Watter  gladiole,  Obs. — Water  Lo- 
belia—  Lobelia  dortmanrw .     Nicolson. 

Watter  gowan :  see  Oppen 
go  wan. 

Watter  gwoat,  o.f  EC.,  w.  (gwaut). 
Watter-heck,  c.  G-wat,  sw. 
(goout).  Watter  yet,  b.,ne.,nw., 
e.  (iet) — A  place  in  a  stream  across 
which  a  rack  or  pole  is  placed  to 
prevent  cattle  trespassing  ;  the 
rack  or  pole  itself;  a  floodgate;  a 
water-gap  in  a  fence. 
He  fand  a  vtattkb-hbok  '.it  wad  be  a  gud 
thing  fur  crossin'on,seah  be  gits  astriddle 
on  t'  slides  varra  cannily  ower. 

W.C.T.H.   1893.    p.  1,  col.  8. 


Watter  jags,  g.  not  n.  (jaagz) — 
One  of  the  forms  of  Varicella,  or 
chicken-pox. 

Watter  jaw't,  c,  sw.,  e.  (jaut) — 
Potatoes  left  too  long  in  the  water 
after  being  boiled  are  watter-jaw't 
and  spoiled. 

Watter  moose,  g. — The  Water  Vole 
.1  rvioola  amphibiv*. 

Watter  Nannie :  so e  Nightingale. 

Watter  pyet :   see  Bessy  dooker. 

Watter  stang,  g. — A  pole  fixed 
across  a  stream  in  lieu  of  a  bridge 
or  fence. 

Watter-tee,  c.,e.— The  Water  Wag- 
tail— Aorocephalus  dqvaticits. 

Watter  thistle,  c,  wc,  sw.— Marsh 
Plume-thistle —  On  /<■//.<  palu$trui. 

Watter- twitch,  g.  Black  twitch. 
—  The  Common  Bent  -  grass  — 
Agrorf  it  v  u  Iga  rix. 

Watter y  like,   G. — Appearance  of 

rain  coming. 
Wattery  lonnin,  c— A  neglected 

lane  along  which  water  is  allowed 

to  run. 
Wattery  Wagtail:    see   Gray 

Hemplin. 

Wattles,  g.  (waat.U'Lz) — The  gill 
appendages  of  a  game  cock. 

Waugh  :  see  Waff. 

Wax,  g.  (waaks) — To  grow  larger, 
to  swell  out. 

He's  nobbut  a  bairn  still,  and  waxing. 
Two  Ways.   p.  128,  line  9. 

Wax -kern  els,  g.  (kuor\nulz). 
Waxin-k,,  ne. — Glandular  swell- 
ings in  the  neck. 

Way,  g.  (wae)— Direction  ;•  used 
;ils.)  as  expressive  of  comparison 
or  degree. 

"He  leeves  someway  Wigton  way." 
"  It's  a  lang  way  better  to  gang  that  way, 
for  it's  far  away  t'  bainer  way. 
Auld  Betty  hed  been  some  way  nut  far. 
Richardson,  1st.  p.  72,  /;»«'  9. 


357 


"Way,  c,  k,  sw.  (wae).  Wea  (wiae)   j 
— Woe ;  pity. 

O,  but  this  luive  is  a  serious  thing, 

It  proves  the  beginner  o'  monie  waes. 
Anderson — Barbary  Bell.  Stz.  1. 

— Sad,  pitiful,  full  of  woe,  sorry. 

She's  deed !  I's  wae  to  say. 

Anderson — Peet-cadger.   Stz.  10. 

Ways  me !  g.  (waes-mee).  Wazes 
me !  —  Exclamations  of  lament : 
woe  is  me  ! 

The  days  seem  lang,  an  lang  er  the  neeghts, 
An — waes  me  !  this  is  but  Monday. 

Anderson — First  Luive.    Stz.  4. 

Then  wazes  me!  smo'  than  wad  be  thy 
whope.   Graham — Gwordy.   line  124. 

"Waze :  see  Boss. 

Weal,  c,  e.,  nw.  (weel) — Choice, 
selection,  majority.  Wale,  n.,  e., 
sw.  (wael). 

Few  joys  the  wale  o'  peer  fwok  ken, 
Efter  they  quit  the  mudder's  tnee. 

Anderson — Adveyce.   Stz.  2. 

His  actions  now  pruive  him  the  weale  o' 
bad  men.  Rayson — Charlie  M'Glen.  line  6. 

— To  select,  pick  out,  choose. 

An  he  that  fain  wad  teake  a  weyfe 
May  weale  yen  out  ov  twenty. 
Anderson — Weyfe  fer  Wully.  Stz.  4. 

Their  phraseology  was  ambiguity  itself. 

"Boilin'  th'  pot"  .  .  .  "wealin'  th'  taties." 

Fireside  Crack.  1897.  p.  23,  line  3. 

We  maunna  wale  oor  time. 

Rise  of  River,   p.  204,  line  18. 

Weam,  g.  (waeu'm)— The  womb  ; 
belly. 

Buy — "A  horse  wid  a  weam 

An'  a  meer  wi'  a  nean."     Old  Saying. 

Thou  cleads  thy    back,  and   pangs  thy 
weamm.  Cumbriana.    p.  275,  line  6. 

Wear,  g.  (weeu'r)  —  Brushwood 
fixed  in  the  banks  of  rivers  to  pre- 
vent erosion  by  floods. 


— To  die  of  consumption ;  to  ward 
off,    defend,    put   wears   in   river 
banks;    (n.,  wiaar')  to  turn  or 
stop  cattle  or  sheep. 
Bit  yan  by  yah  his  barnes  wear  off 
An'  sank  doon  into  t'  greav. 

Richardson,  1st.  p.  136,  line  5. 
Thur  callar  blasts  may  wear  the  boilen 
sweat.  Relph — Harvest,  line  7. 

I  set  him  to  wear  the  fore-door  wi'  the  speir. 
Gilpin — Songs,  1st.  FrayofSuport.  Stz.  2. 

Wearin',  G.  (weeu'R'U'n)— Con- 
sumption, decline. 

"  She's  deein'  in  a  wearin'.  ' 

Telt  em  he   was  suer  teh  gang  off  in  a 

weearin  if  he  dud'nt  eat  mair. 

Scoap.    p.  98,  line  16. 

Weary,  g.  (wee.rt)  —  Tiresome, 
monotonous. 

"  It's  a  weary  rwoad  to  Warnel  fell." 

Webs  ;  Weds  :   see  Watch,  webs. 

Webstean,  c. — A  stone  on  Armboth 
fell  at  which  the  dale  and  fell-folk 
used  to  meet,  bringing  with  them 
their  webs  and  yarn  for  sale. 
An'  when  some  plague  was  bad  i'  t'  toons, 

Hoo  fwok  wad  meet  on  Armboth  fell, 
To  buy  an'  sell,  nar  a  girt  stean  ; 

Web-stean  it's  caw't  still  to  this  day. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  55,  line  2. 

Webster,  g.,  c,  sw.  (webstth.U'R'). 
Wobster,  n.  (waub.stthu'r) — A 
weaver. 

Furst,  wi'  Dick  Wiggem  we'll  begin, 
The  teyney, greasy  wobster. 

Anderson — Village  Gang.  Stz.  2. 

Wedder,  g.  (weddh.U'R')— To  sur- 
mount difficulties. 

A  person  having  had  a  "  hard  wedderin' 
on't,"  has  had  a  difficulty  in  "getting 
through"  with  anything;  thus  it  would 
be  spoken  of  a  woman  who  has  just  sur- 
vived child-birth.     J.N. 

— C,  NE.,  NC. 

We  remark  of  a  stormy  day,  "  Therete  a 
deal  of  weather  aboot." 

Fireside  Crack.   1896.    p.  26. 


358 


"Wedder  breeder,  e. — An  especially 
fine  day  which  occurs  in  the  middle 
of  much  bad  weather,  is  said  to  be 
the  breeder  of  bad  to  follow,    a.c. 

"Wedder  clock,  Black  c,  w. — As 
a  rule  this  refers  to  the  beetle — 
Qeotrwpes  steroorarius,    but   in   the 

Lorton  district  the  ('ambus  violate**, 
and  at  Dean  the  "Wood  louse — 
Onu-rt/ft,  are  so  called,  w.h.y.  See 
Rainy  c. 

Wedder  go,  a,  sw.,  E.,  n.  (gau). 
Wedder-beam,  ne.—  The  end  of 
a  rainbow  as  seen  in  the  morning 
in  showery  weather — the  sailor's 
warning. 

"Weddiners,  g.  (wed.U'NU'R'z)— A 
wedding  party. 

As  t'  weddiners  hed  co'd  at  ivvery  "  pub  " 
tha  com'  at.      W.C.T.H.   1894.   p.  8,  col.  4. 

"Wee,  c,  n.,  e.  (wee)— Little,  small. 
See  Laal. 

It  was  nobbet  a  wee  bit  teyme,  efter  I 
hed  past  frae  them. 

Rayson — Song  of  Solomon.  III.,  v.  4. 

"Wee-ans,  c,  n.  (wee-U'Nz)— Chil- 
dren, little  ones. 

When  he  arrived,  his  worthy  spouse  and 
weans  were  all  in  bed. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  5,  col.  1. 

"Weedsticks :   sec  Cleps. 

Weef  an'  stray,  g.  (weef-ttn-strae) 
— Waif  and  stray ;  cattle,  etc.  gone 
astray,  the  owner  not  being  known ; 
vagrants  without  house  or  home. 

"Weekiness,  g.  (wee.kinu's)— 
Moisture. 

"Weeky,  g  —  Moist,  juicy. 

T"  sons  hed  still  been  fed  o'  good  weaky 
stuff,  an'  hedn't  much  trainin'. 

C.  Pacq.    1893,  Aug.  17.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

"Weel  cum't,  <;.  (weel-kuomt) — 
High  bred  ;  of  good  lineage. 

George  Renwick,  who,  though  not  a  land- 
owner himself,  was  well-come,  and  heir 
to  ap  old  uncle  with  a  tidy  property. 

Pearl,    p.  71,  line  8. 


"Weelish  off,  g. — In  easy  circum- 
stances. 

"Weel-natur't,  g. — Good-natured. 
Ola 's  weel-natur't,  free-heartitan'  funny. 
Gibson — Runnaway  Wedding.  Stz.  6. 

Weet,  c,  n.,  e.  (weet).  "Weeat,  sw. 
(weeu't)— Wet,  rain. 

Nae  win  or  weet  e'er  dreeded  we. 

Anderson — Peat-cadger.   Stz.  9. 

—To  wet,  to  rain,  (n.)  Also  to  make 
water. 
"  It  weets  fast." 

That  evil  drink,  on  ruin's  brhiK, 
Shall  weet  my  lips  nae  mair. 

Rayson — Pony  Tom.   Stz.  6. 

— Wet,  wetted. 

Jenny,  she's  aw  weet,  peer  body, 
In  gangin'  thro'  the  rye. 
Gilpin — Songs,  1st.   Blamire.   p.  167. 

"Weetin,  sw.,  e.  (wee.tun) — Urine. 

I  slat  a  pot  o'  weatin  in  his  feace. 
Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue,  p.  16,  line  14. 

"Weet  yer  whissle,  G.  notsw. — Take 
a  hearty  drink,  moisten  the  throat. 
Efter  wettin'  ther  whissels  at  t'  Fessent 
Inn,  they  set  off  at  a  full  tatter. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  78,  line  4. 

"Weeze  :   see  Boss. 

Weft,  g.  not  ne.  (weft)— To  beat. 

"  Ah'll  give  him  a  weftin'  some  day." 

Weg,  G.  not  e.  (weg).  "Wag,  EC  — 
A  lump  or  wedge  of  bread,  etc.,  a 
slice  cut  too  thick. 
"A  weg  o'  cheese." 

Weg  horned,  c,  sw.  (-waur'Nt) — 
Having  horns  unequally  elevated. 

"Weight,  g.(waeit)— A  great  many 
or  number. 
A  weight  o'  folk  seed  them  start. 

Forness  Folk.    p.  4,  line  6. 

"Welkin,  n.,  nw.  (welk-in)— "  The 
door  was  welkin  wide  open"— open 
as  the  Sky.  Sullivan,   p.  85. 


359 


Welleneer,  Obs. — Well-a-day. 

Bit,  welleneer!    when  he  sud  tean  his 

kiss.  Gilpin — Poetry.  Wilkinson's  Death 

of  Roger,    p.  297. 

Well  e'e,  c,  e.  (wel-ee)— The  spring 
or  fountain  head  of  any  mountain 
rill  (W.H.).  "  Found  in  place- 
names"    (A.C.). 

"Well  ink,  c,  sw.  Water  purple 
— The  plant  Brooklime — Veronica 
Beccabunga. 

Welsh,  c.,Ws.,e.  (welsh).  Wairsh, 

e.,  n.,  ne.  (waee'Sh)  —  Insipid, 
watery,  tasteless;  also  (E.,  nw.) 
faintish  from  hunger.  A  welsh 
day  is  the  same  as  a  sleety  day, 
when  it  is  neither  thaw  nor  frost 
(Beockett). 

Whativer's  t'  matter  wid  thee  ?  Thoo  leuks 
as  if  thy  poddish  was  welsh. 

Gibson — Tom  Railton.   p.  152,  line  2. 

Ther  cheese  was  teugh  as  kezzlup-skin, 
An  wuntry  wairsh  it  teastit. 

Lonsdale — Upshot.   Stz.  30. 

Welt,  g.  (welt).  Whelk;  Weltin 

— A  heavy  blow  ;  a  thrashing  less 
severe  than  a  hiding. 
Some  weeks  it  would  be  an  oald  furm  leg, 
an'  woe  betide  any  poor  beggar  'at  gat  a 
fair  welt  wid  it  aback  o'  t'  lug. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  18,  col.  1. 

He  com  away  wid  a  rush,  an'  landit  wid 
a  welt  on  't  middle  o'  t'  rwoad. 

W.C.T.X.   1893.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

— g. — To  beat;  upset,  roll  over,  in- 
cline to  one  side.  See  Butt  welt. 

Fadder  '11  mebbee  give  him  a  hiding  or 
niebbee  nobbut  welt  him. 

W.C.T.H.    189L    p.  12,  col.  4. 

A  cask  or  vessel  is  thus  said  to  welt 
over.    Ellwood. 

Welts,  c,  sw..  e.,  n.  (welts) — The 
"rig  and  fur"  parts  of  the  tops  of 
stockings. 

Wend,  c,  nw.,  e.  (wend) — To  turn 
round. 


Went,  c,  nw.  (went).  Waint,  n., 
e.,  sw,  (waint.)— To  turn  or  make 
sour. 

"  Thunnery  weather  wents  milk." 
Of  a  cross-looking  person  (it  is  said)  "  She 
hes  a  feace  'at  wad  waint  milk." 

Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  24. 

Oft  aneuf  t'  milk  was  wentit  when  t'  men 
pot  it  ontill  their  poddish. 

C,  Pacq.   1893,  Dec.  14.   p.  6,  col.  1. 

Wents,  c.  (wents)— Narrow  lanes 
in  Cockermouth,  Workington,  and 
other  towns. 

Ah  'member  yah  day  gaen  doon't  laal 
went  at  led  till  his  hoose. 

W.C.T.X.    1894.    p.  12,  col.  2. 

We's,  sw.  (weez)— We  shall. 

"We's  ga'  to  Wastle  Head." 

Wes'  hev  to  wurry  fadder  when  his  time 

cums,  for  he'll  niver  dee  of  his-sel. 

Gibson — T'  Reets.     p.  7,  line  17. 

Wesh  dub,  g.  (wesh-duob) — The 

pool  in  which  sheep  are  washed. 

Thy  teeth's  like  a  flock  o'  sheep  'at's  ebben 

shworn,  'et  com  up  fray  t'  wesh-dub. 

Dickinson — Song  of  Solomon.   IV.,  2. 

Weshers,  c,  b.  (wesh.U'R'z) — The 
inside  works  of  a  barrel  churn. 

Wesh  foald,  g.  —  The  sheep-fold 
near  the  washing-pool. 

Crammt  as  thick  as  sheep  in  a  weshfoald. 
Scoap.     p.  14,  line  2, 

Weshins,  G.  (wesh.lnz) — The  water 
in  which  greasy  dishes  have  been 
washed. 

Wethera :   see  Yan. 

Wet  meh  fit,  g. — Quail—  Cotumix 
.communis. 

Richardson  would  not  have  mentioned  its 
local  name,  Wet-my-feet. 

Fauna,     p.  338,  line  7. 

Wet  shod,  g.  (wet-shaud)  —  Feet 
wet  in  the  shoes. 
When  wet-footed,  we  say  are  wet  shod. 
Fireside  Crack.    1896.    p.  25. 


360 


Wey,   c,  H.  (waei).      Weyya, 

(WAEI.U').     Wya,SW.,E.(WAAIU') 

— "Well,  why ;  notes  of  assent  or 

dissent. 

"Wey,  yes."    "WEY.no." 

"  Wya,  I  mappen  may  !  " 

Whey,  I  wad  ha'  sworn  thoo'd  been  to  t' 
varra  heid  tailior  i'  Whitehebben. 

Gibson— Tom  Rail  ton.    p.  150,  line  5. 

Weys,  G.  (wAEiz)-Beam  and  scales ; 
weights. 

I  meead  ooer  to  t'  forside  o'  this  pleass, 
past  sum  girt  weighs. 

Forness  |Folk.    p.  9,  line  2. 

Weyt,  G.  (waeit)— A  vessel  made 
like  a  tambourine  and  used  for 
lifting  grain  in  the  barn;  it  is 
made  of  a  sheep's  skin  covering  a 
wooden  hoop. 

Theer  was  whangs  an'  shives,  thick  an' 

F  weights  an'  riddles  putt'n.         [thin, 

Lonsdale — Upshot.    Stz.  30. 

Wezzan,  c, sw.  (wiz.U'n).   Wizzan, 
n— The  gullet. 
Wi'  whuskey  aw  weeted  their  wizzens. 

Anderson — Glay  Daubin.    Stz.  6. 

Whacker,  g.  (waak.U'R')— A  large 
one. 

"Is  t'  yarker  a  Ally  ?  "    "Nay,  nay,  nob- 
bet  yan'  an'  it  is  a  whacker  for  size." 

W.D. 

Whain,  g.  (waen)— To  fawn.  To 
coax,  wheedle,  (e.)  To  rub  or 
stroke  in  the  direction  in  which 
the  hair  grows. 

"  She  com   (G.)   whainan'  and  wantan 
help." 

"  He  (E.)  whain't  his  dog  doon  t'  back." 

Whale,  G.  (wael) — To  cudgel,  to 
beat. 

Bit  he's  awlas  i'  mischief ;  he  is  a  sad  limb. 
T'  maister  whales  him. 

Yance-a-Year.    p.  9,  line  10. 

Whalin',  g.  (wae.lu'n)— A  beating 
with  a  stick. 


Whang,  g.([h]waang)— A  leathern 
shoe-tie,  a  strap  used  in  stitching 
cart  harness.  A  swinging  blow, 
a  thwack.  A  lump  or  large  piece 
of  anything,  but  more  shapely 
than  a  dollop. 
"  A  whang  o'  cheese." 
If  thuh'll  nobbut  tie  my  shoe  whangs  for 
meh.  Scoap.     p.  203,  line  8. 

Flannins,  an  flail-WHANGS,  an  feuttin-wo. 
Scoap.    p.  11,  line  2. 
But  Cursty,  souple  gammerstang, 
Ned  Wulson  brong  his  lug  a  whang. 

Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  4. 
He's  fa'n  off  wid  a  whang. 

Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  20. 
Ah  poot  oot  me  jackylegs  knife  teh  cut  a 
lump  a  breid  an  a  whang  eh  cheese. 

Scoap.    p.  73,  line  12. 

— To  throw  with  violence;  to  hit, 
to  flog.  To  cram. 
Ah  dud  mak  them  flee,  bit  they'll  hev  teh 
git  sumbody  else  teh  whang  them  aboot 
when  ah's  in  Amurica.  Scoap.  p.  13,  line  2. 
Now  loundrin'  shives  o'  cheese  an'  breed 
Are  down  their  gizzrin's  whang'd. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  26. 

Whanger,  g.  (waang.U'r) — Any- 
thing large. 

Whap,  G.  (waap)— A  blow  from  a 
whip. 

— To  whip. 

Whapper,  g. (waap.U'r).  Whop- 
per, b.  (hwaup.U'R')— Anything 
large. 

He  hedn't  time  ta  git  oot  at  'rwoad,  afoor 
a  wapper  of  a  "Billy  gwoat"  gev  hem 
anudder  greet  prod. 

W.C.T.X.    1895.    p.  2,  col.  3. 

Wharl,  c.  (waar'Ul)  —  A  stone 
quarry ;  a  disused  quarry.  Sel- 
dom heard. 

There  was  yan  Cuddy  Fisher  kept  that 
publick-house  at  Warl  Yett,  .  .  .  though 
ah  nivver  heard  .  .  .  t'  house  co't  Quarry 
Gate  afore. 

E.  C.  News.    1894,  Ap.  7.    p.  8,  col.  6. 


361 


"What,  g.  (waat) — An  often  used 
expletive. 

"What,  how  is  ta?  "  "What,  I's  gaily, 
how's  thou  ?  " 

What,  ye  may's  weel  come  in  an'  hev  a 
bit  o' dinner.    Richardson,  1st.   p.7,line6. 

"What'n?  n.  (hwaatu'n)— What  ? 

"What'n  clock  is  't?" 

The  ending — an  is  not  confined  to  the 
accusative;  we  find  "What'n  mannish- 
ment  's  this?"  in  which  what'n  is  eq. 
"what  kind."  Sullivan,   p.  96. 

.  Whatten  parish  ha'e  ye  been  in  this  year  ? 
Cumbriana.    p.  43,  line  1. 

"What  sic,  G.  .(waat  sik) — What  i 
kind  of. 

Thoo  kens  what  sec  a  heam  I've  gitten. 
Gibson — Saunter.   Stz.  4. 

"  What  sec  a  seal  ?  "     "  0  fairish." 

Midsummer,   p.  9,  line  19.    ! 

"What's  t'  matter?  c.  (waatst-  ! 
maatth.U'R')— What  is  the  mat-  ! 
ter?  or  reason1? 

"  What's  the  matter  ?  "  is  a  peculiar  peri- 
phrasis for  why  :  "  What's  the  matter 
thou  hes  nea  hat  on  ?  "      Sullivan,  p.  97. 

Yan  eh  t'  sailors  saw  ah  leuckt  freetent- 

like,  an  axt  what  was  t'  smatter  wim  meh. 

Scoap.    p.  41,  line  7. 

Whaup,  g.  not  sw.  (hwaup) — The 
curlew — Numemu*  arquata.  (c.)  To 
"  kick  up  a  whaup,"  is  to  make  a 
noise. 

— To  cry  as  a  curlew.  A  chicken 
whaups  when  it  has  lost  its  mother. 

If  curleys  whaup  when  t'  day  is  duin. 
We'll  hev  a  clash  an'  varra  suin.   Saying. 

Whay  feast,  g.  (waei-fiaast) — Of 
a  pale  countenance  ;  smock-faced. 

Frae  Carel,  cousin  Fanny  com, 

An  brong  herwHEY-FEAc'D  lover  down. 
Anderson — Gwordie  Gill.    Stz.  5. 

"Wheelstrake,  g.  (weel-str'aek) — 
A  portion  of  the  iron  rim  of  a 
Avheel — formerly  applied  in  six 
lengths  to  each  wheel. 


Wheem :   see  "Whim. 

Wheen,  n.  (hween).  "Whun  (hwun) 
— An  undefined  number ;  a  few. 
"A  whun  sheep." 

"Wheezle,  g.(weez.u'l)— To  breathe 
with  difficulty. 

"  He  wheezles  like  a  pursy  horse." 

When  wheezlin  Wully  was  set  i'  t' stocks. 
Anderson — Grizzy.   Stz.  4. 

"Wheezy,    g.    (weez.i)  —  Breathing 

with  difficulty  or  thickly. 

Whelk  :   see  Pelk,  Whelt. 

"Whelker,  c,  n.,  e.  (welk.U'r) — 
Anything  large. 

"Whemmel, g. (wem.U'l ;  wuom.ul). 
Whelm,  ec,  sw.  ([hjwelu'm)— 
To  overturn,  overwhelm ;  said  es- 
pecially of  a  small  hollow  article 
as  a  basin,  towp  being  used  for  large 
things. 

He  whemmelt  t'  boilin  kettle  off  t'  fire. 
SCOAP.     p.  7,  line  11. 

Whemmel  net,  g.  ([H]  wem.ux-net) 
— A  drift  or  hang-net ;  differs  from 
a  seine  in  that  it  is  cast  well  out 
in  the  stream  or  tideway,  and  not 
from  the  shore. 

He  would  also  restrict  the  use  of  the 
whemmle  net,  which  was  a  most  destruc- 
tive engine. 

C.  Patr.    1894,  Jan.  19.    p.  6,  col.  6. 

Wheren't,  c.  (wee.r'U'Nt) — Milk 
overheated  makes  the  curd  hard 
and  wheren't. 

Whets,  c.  (wets)— Flashes  of  wit. 
"Sec  whets  we  hed  tudder  neet." 

Whew,  c,  n.,  e.  (moo)— Haste  ;  an 
expression  of  contempt. 
"Sec  a  whew  he's  in." 

— To  fly  hastily.  (Obsolesc.) 

See!  owr  the  field  the  whurlin  sunshine 

WHIEWS, 

The  shadow  fast  the  sunshine  fair  pursues. 
Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  16. 


362 


Whewt,  e.  (hioot)— A  thin  flake  of 
snow. 
"  A  few  whewts  o'  snow." 

"Whewtle,  c.  (hioo.tux).     Teutle, 

ec,  sw.,  w.   (tioo.tux)— A  low 

modulated  whistle. 

He  gev  a  queer  laal  heuttle  iv  a  whistle. 

Scoap.     p.  230,  line  18. 

Wheyte  top't  girse,  nw— Creep, 
ing  Soft  Grass — TIolcu*  mollis,  and 
Woolly  Soft  Grass — //.  lanatus  ; 
the  roots  of  Twitch.     See  Dart. 

Whey  than,  g.  (waei-dhaan)— An 
exclamation. 

"Wiah  than!"  "Sea  than!"  are  ex- 
cl;uiiiit  ions  very  common  inordinary  con- 
versation. Sullivan,    p.  99. 

Nay .'  Whey  than  ther's  nea  'casion. 

Gibson — Sannter.   Bella.   Stz.5. 

Whick,  g.  (wik)— Alive,  quick. 

An"  nut  a  shadow  ...  or  sign  'at  tells  'at 
owte  'at's  wick  comes  santerin'  theer  but 
you.  Gibson — Billy  Watson,   line  5. 

Whickers,  c,  nw.  (hwik.U'R'z). 
Whitters,  sw.  (hwitth.U'R'z)— 
The  barbs  on  the  prongs  of  a  lyster, 
or  fish-hook.  Whickers  are  made 
on  the  shank  of  an  iron  gate-crook 
so  that  it  shall  remain  firm  in  the 
leaden  setting  in  the  hole  made 
for  its  reception  in  the  stone  gate- 
post. 

Many  a  time  have  I  drawn  up  my  Ashing 
line  to  find  a  heuk  widoot  its  whicker. 

W.H. 

Whickfiu,  c.  (wik.flioo)— A  whit- 
low. 

Whick'nin',  g.  not  E.  (wik.nin)— 
A  small  portion  of  yeast  kept  from 
the  last  quantity  made,  added  to 
the  freshly  made  barm  in  order 
to  start  the  proper  fermentation. 
This  refers  to  home-made  bread. 
Me  mudder  lent  her  a  whicknin,  an  we 
wor  bawn  at  brew,  soa  I  went  for  it. 
Smith — Wheeler's  Dialogue,  p.  65,  line  13. 


Whicks,  g.  (wtiks)— Roots  of  couch- 
grass  ;  young  thorns ;  maggots. 
To  "  clip  a  sheep  oot  o'  V  whicks  " 
is  to  remove  the  wool  mixed  with 
the  maggots  from  those  spots 
where  the  fly  has  "  struck." 
Sum  or  anudder  o'  them  (wedders)  was 
at  whicks  hoddenly  while  t'  wedder  was 
het.  Scoap.   p.  8,  line  12. 

She  wad  ha  clipt  a  sheep  oot  o'  t'  whicks. 
Richardson,  2nd.  p.  156,  line  2. 

Whick't,  g.  (wikt).  In  t'  whicks 
— Fly-blown.    Having  maggots  in 
the  flesh  (sheep). 
Hed  you  any  (sheep)  in't  whicks  ? 

Cumbriana.   p.  176,  line  8. 

Whiff :   see  G-liff. 

Whig,  g.  (wig)  — Whey  kept  for 
drinking.  If  allowed  to  become 
sour,  aromatic  herbs  are  steeped 
in  it. 

She  feeds  it  (pig)  wi'  slops,  an'  wi'  pod- 
dish  an'  whig. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  239,  line  7. 

Whig,  e.,  no.  (hwig)— A  small 
round  tea-cake ;  (sw.)  a  tea-cake 
made  long  shape  and  with  currants. 

Whigmaleeiy,  c,  e.,  nc.,  nw.  (wig- 
mu'LEE.ri) — Anything  showy  and 
useless. 

While,  g.  (waail).     Whel  (wul). 
Wheyle,  n.,  nw.  (waeil).    Wei, 
e.  (wel)— Until,  while. 
"  Stay  while  I  come  back." 

Led  be  t'  lugs,  we  follow'  efter  t'  soond, 
While  clwose  t'  swine-hull  dooar  we  com. 
Gibson — Branthet.    p.  57. 

Than  ah  stumpt  away  back  tull  t'  spot  at 
he  sed  ah  wad  ha  teh  sleep  in  wel  we  gat 
throo  oor  jurneh.  Scoap.  p.  43,  line  12. 

Wiikyle  some  sang  . .  .  whurry-whuin. 
Anderson — Worton  Wedding.    Stz.  6. 

Whiles,  c,  e.  (waailz).  Wheyles, 
n.,  nw.  (hwaeilz)— Sometimes. 

"  Whiles  he's  here  and  whiles  he's  theer." 


363 


Ther  was  lees,  news,  an  gay  funny  teales,    ! 
An  wheyles  bits  o'  sangs  they  wer 
singin'.     Anderson — Nichol.  Stz.7. 

Molly  went  to  church  whiles. 

Rise  of  River,    p.  84,  line  18. 

Whilkan,   c.   (wilk.ttn)  —  Which  | 
one? 

Whillimer  cheese,  c.  (wil.imu'R'). 
Ledder-hungry  (leddh.ur'). 
W.  brick,  W.  Rosley  Cheshire 

— The  poorest  and  hardest  of 
cheese — reputed  to  originate  in 
the  township  of  "Whillmoor,  but 
common  over  the  county,  and 
never  known  to  strike  fire  on  fall- 
ing, except  once,  as  mentioned  I 
in  Martineau,  p.  128. 

The  mountain  cheese,  called  whillimer    j 
...  so  tough  that  the  Cumberland  rustics 
are  said  sometimes  to  shoe   their  clogs 
with  its  rind  instead  of  iron. 

Ferguson,    p.  149.    < 

Wi'  scons,  Ledder-hunory,  an  whuskey. 

Anderson — Clay  Daubin.    Stz.  5.    | 

The  whillymer  eat  teugh  an  teasty. 

Ditto,    j 

Whim,    c,  nw.    (wim;    weem).  j 
Wheem,  sw.,  e.,  b.  (hweem)— 
Silent ;  quiet  in  speech  or  action  ; 
running  smoothly. 

How  wandly  Redgy's   compliments   are 
paid  ! 
How  wheem  to  Matty's  elbow  draws    S 
his  chair  !      Gilpin — Poetry. 

Death  of  Roger,    p.  206,  line  1.    ! 

Whimmy,  g.  (wim.i) — Given  to 
whims  and  fancies. 


A  bit  leet  an'  whimmy. 

Pen.  Obs. 


J,  June  21. 


"Whim  wham,  g.  not  e.  (wim-waam) 
— A  fanciful  trifle. 

It  was  this  whim-wham  o'  t'  wife's  'at  gat 
him  t'  nick-neam  of  Wise  Wiff. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiff.    p.  27,  line  11. 


Whin,  c,  sw.,  e.  (win).  Whun,  n. 
(hwuon)— The  gorse  or  furze— 

I  Ice  Europceus. 

When  t'  whins  is  oot  o'  blossom  kissin's 
oot  o'  fashion.      Proverb. 
An  hoo  their  sins, 
As  sharp  as  whins, 

War  stangin'  through  their  flesh  an'  beans. 
Richardson,  2nd.    p.  86,  line  7. 

Whin  bob,  g. — A  branch  of  gorse 

with  its  foliage  ;  (Alston)  certain 

round  masses  like  kidney  iron-ore, 

found  in  the  "  whinstone  "  rocks 

(W.A.R.); 

Oh!  man,  aboot  harvest  sec  jwokes  we 

oft  hed, 
When  whin-bobs  an'  hollins  we  pot  into 

bed.      Richardson,  2nd.    p.  139,  line  9. 

Whin  cowe,  c.  (kauw).  Whun 
cowe,  n. — A  whin  stem  or  branch 
when  the  stem  is  long  and  the 
head  bushy  ;  not  said  of  small  and 
slender  whins  or  brooms. 

Whinge,  G.  (winj) — To  whine. 

Mudder  yewlan,  an  laal  Whiff  whinjen. 
Scoap.    p.  12,  line  23. 

Whin  Hemplin,  Whin  Gray  :  see 
Hemplin. 

Whinner,  c.,e.(win.U'R').  Whinny, 
sw.,  e.  (win.i).  Whunner,  n. 
(hwun.U'R')— To  neigh. 

Ah  nobbut  watch t  em  till  he'd  whinnert 
his-sel  hoazt.  Scoap.    p.  195,  line  7. 

Whintin,  c.  (wint.in)  —  A  dark- 
coloured  slate  found  on  Skiddaw. 
When  struck  it  gives  out  sounds, 
and  the  celebrated ' 'musical  stones" 
are  made  of  it. 

Whir,  EC.  (wur') — Old  and  curdled 
butter-milk. 

Whirl  bent :   see  Star  bent. 

Whirlers  (h wuor'L.U'R'z)  —  (s.) 
Scoggers  worn  on  the  arms  (Wil- 
son) ;  (sw.)  scoggers  worn  on  the 

legs  (Rev.  J.  Steele). 


364 


Whirl-puff,  e.,  nc,  N¥,  wc. 
(hwur'U'L-puf)— A  small  whirl- 
wind such  as  will  form  dust  spirals 
on  a  dusty  road  in  summer. 

Whirlstone — Siliceous  beds  of  the 
Carboniferous  limestone ;  some- 
times applied  to  hard  sandstones 
and  grits  found  in  iron-ore  mines. 

R.W.M. 

Whish,  c,  sw.  (hwish).     Swish, 
e.  (swish)— A  slight  fall,  generally   I 
of  water. 

Whisht,  g.  (wisht).     Whush,  n.  | 
(hwuosh)— Quiet. 
"As  whisht  as  a  mouse." 

Than  I  steal  quite  whisht  away. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  12,  line  6. 

— To  hush,  listen ;  to  quiet,  to  be 
quiet.  "Hod  yer  whisht"  —  be 
quiet. 

Gibson — Runaway  Wedding.    Stz.  4. 

But,  Whist!  —  I  hear  mey  Jwohnny's 
fit.     Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.  Stz.  7. 

My  fadder  said  lal,  no'but  whishit  my 

mudder. 

If  ye  dinna  whisht  this  minute,  Ah'll 

fight  the  lot.  Rise  of  River,    p.  101. 

Whisk,   g.  (wisk).       Whusk,   n. 
(hwusk)  —  A   light    and    short 
shower ;  (b.)  a  slight  cleaning. 
"  She  gev't  it  a  whisk  an'  a  kengeud." 

When  that  lang  frost  was  on,  it  com  a 
whisk  o'  snow  yan  neet. 

C.  Pacq.    1893.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

— To  move  quickly,  to  pull  anything 
out  hastily. 
"  She  com  whiskan'  by  like  a  fleean  thing." 

White,  c.  (waait)— To  requite. 
See  Whittle. 

"Od  white  ta" — God  requite  thee. 

White  bottle  :  see  Spattling 
poppy. 

Whitefish,  c,  nw. — Flattery. 


White  gull,  c.  Great  Daisy,  Dog 
Flower,  E.— The  white  Ox-eye 
Daisy  —  Chrysanthemum  leuranthr- 
mum. 

White  rump,  g. — Wheatear— 8axi- 

ri>/  l   (I'lKllit hr. 

Whiteside  —  Golden-eye  —  I  langula 
glaucion.     Birds. 

Whither,   n.  (hwudh.U'R')  —  To 
strike  or  throw  forcibly. 
"He  girn't  an'  pick't  his  beanns  wid  his 
teeth,  and  then  he  whither't  them  onder 
t'  grate." 

Nit  yen,  that's  owther  mence  or  sheame, 

Wad  be  that  snaflin  ninny, 
As  to  haud  back  their  gift,  nay  some 

Wad  whuther  in  a  guinea. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  25. 

Whiting  :  see  Herling. 
Whitter :   see  Whicker. 
Whittle,  g.  (wit.U'l) — A  knife. 

He  was  permitted  to  enter  his  whittle  or 
knife  with  the  rest  of  the  family. 
White — Lays  and  Legends.    1873.    p.  327. 

Whittle,  g.  (hwit.ul).  White,  c, 
sw.,  e.  (hwaait).  Wheyte,  nw. 
(hwaeit)— To  cut  wood  with  a 
knife  ;  cut  down  prices. 
Any  lad  '11  mak  ye  a  sap  whistle  if  he's  a 
jackylegs  'at  '11  white. 

Pen.  Obs.    1898,  Ap.  26. 

Young  Josh  whittled   away   with  his 
knife.  Rise  of  River,    p.  339,  lint  o. 

Whittlegang — An  obs.  custom  in 
which  a  person  was  appointed  to 
take  the  cattle  and  sheep  of  the 
village  to  the  common  pasture. 
He  called  them  in  the  morning  by 
blast  of  horn,  and  left  the  horn  at 
the  different  houses  in  rotation. 
At  the  house  where  the  horn  was 
left  there  the  whittleganger  would 
get  his  meat  free.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  find  anything  except  traces 
indicating  that  this  custom  exist- 
ed in  the  county  as  stated  above, 


365 


but  the  Extract  below  and  the 
recollections  of  Mr  Wharton  point 
to  some  such  custom  having  been 
in  vogue.  The  word  itself  is  un- 
known to  any  of  my  correspon- 
dents. See  Hurd  meat,  Run  o' 
t'  teeth,  Whittlegate. 

Ord  the  hurcle  to  take  his  meat  at  Rd. 
Kirkbride's.  Morland  Parish  Church 
Papers. 

Extracted  by  Major  Markham! 

Whittleganger— The  Rev.  J.  Whar- 
ton remembers  that  when  he  was 
a  boy  living  at  Milburn,  there  was 
an  old  man  who  was  maintained 
partly  in  kind  and  partly  in  money, 
by  the  sheep-farmers  for  looking 
after  .the  flocks  on  Crossfell;  gang 
was  the  term  applied  to  the  heaf 
watched  and  the  houses  where 
the  food  and  money  were  provided. 

A  person  who  stays  too  long  at 
a  friend's   house  is  still  called  a 

WHITTLEGANGER. 

Whittlegate,  c.  (hwit.uxgiaat) — 
Formerly  clergymen  and  school- 
masters had  the  privilege  of  using 
their  whittles  at  the  tables  of  their 
parishioners,  by  way  of  helping  out 
their  scanty  stipends.  This  cus- 
tom prevailed  till  1864  and  ceased 
with  the  death  of  the  schoolmas- 
ter at  Wasdale  Head  where  there 
were  very  few  children,  and  it  was 
necessary  to  support  the  school- 
master in  the  above  manner.  If 
the  family  sent  four  children  to 
the  school,  the  master  stayed  four 
weeks  at  their  home. 
The  "Wastcote  priest  had  been  paid  by 
"clog  shoon,  harden-sark,  whittle-gait, 
and  guse-gait." 

Lizzie  Loeton.    II.    p.  5,  line  2. 

Whizzer,  g.  (wiz.U'r)— A  glaring 
untruth. 

Whoal't,  (a,  wault  ;  N.,  hwault). 
Hooal't,  sw.  (hoou'lt)— Holed, 


having  holes ;  "  bagged,"  applied 
to  anything  secured,  thus : 
At  a  school  treat  in  High  Furniss  I  was 
"scrambling"  comfits  and  having  filled  a 
paper  packet  with  gravel,  and  thrown  it 
up,  it  was  caught  by  a  great  hulking  fel- 
low, who  thrust  it  into  his  pocket,  ex- 
claiming, "I've  hooal't  that  an'."  His 
face,  when  his  attention  was  directed  to 
the  contents  of  his  prize,  was  a  sight. 

Gibson,    p.  182. 

His  shoon  war  wholl't,  beath  nebs  an' 
heels.  Richardson,  1st.    p.  28,  line  1. 


Whoaraway 

Where. 

"  Whoaraway  lies  ta  been  ? 


(WAU.R'U'  W  AE) — 


Whuff,  g.  (hwuof).      Fuff,  c,  Ws., 
ec.  (fuof).  Whaft,  sw.  (hwaaft) 
A  gust  of  wind. 
A  fuff  o'  wind  put  t'  leet  oot. 

Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  11. 

How  could  you  tell  me  at  the  speed  you 
went,  just  like  a  whuff  going  by  ? 

C.  Patr.    1899,  June  30.    p.  7,  col.  3. 

— To  blow  in  gusts  from  various 
directions. 

T  wind  was  fuffen  aboot  first  oot  o'  yah 
art  an'  than  oot  ov  anudder. 

Pen.  Obs.    Jan.  11. 

"Whuxi :  see  Wheen  and  Whin. 

Whup,  g.  (wuop).  Whop,  c.  (waup) 
— To  whip ;  to  bind  round  with  a 
cord  or  thread. 

They  hugg'd,  whup't  an  spurr'd,  but  cud 
niver  yence  touch  her. 

Anderson — Bruff  Peaces.    Stz.  5. 

Lott  nobbut   whuppt  t'  chain  t'   wrang 
way  roond  t'  wheel.      Scoap.  p.  152,  line  3. 

I  Whup  while,    c,   n.,   nw.   (wuop.- 
waail)— As  frequent  as  the  strokes 
of  a  well-applied  whip. 
"Iv'ry  whupwhile." 

He  hed  teh  gah  back  for't  ivery  whup- 
while. Scoap.    p.  73,  line  1. 


366 


Whurlblast,G.(HWUOR.U'L-BLAAST). 

Hurl,   c,  nw.  (huor'U'l)— Tem- 
pest. 

"Storm's  cumman,  John."    "Ey,  an'  it'll 
be  a  hurl." 

Louder,  ay,  the  whurlhlast  blusters. 

Stagg — Return.    Stz.  22^ 

Whush  :   see  Whisht,  Hush. 

Whusslin  duck,  g.  (hwuos.lU'N- 
DUOK)  —  Pochard  (GJ>.)— Fuliffula 
ferina. 

"Why,  c,  sw.,  E.  (waai).  Wheye, 
n.  (waei).  Quey,  nc.  (kwae) — 
Heifer. 

T'  oald  cowey  hed  coavt  two  black  coaves 
beaath  whyes.  Scoap.    p.  32,  line  9. 

A  white  quey. 
Gilpin — Songs.   Fray  of  Suport.   Stz.  1. 

Why-i !  c.  (waai-aai) — To  cry  out 
like  a  whipped  dog. 
An'  than  to  why-i,  like  a  weel-scodit  dog. 
Dickinson — Remains,     p.  222,  line  3. 

Why  laikins  :  see  Bull  jumpins. 

Wicker,  e.  (wik.U'R')— A  twig  or 
small  branch. 

Widder,  g.  (widdh.U'r).    Wudder 
(  wuoddh.U'R')— To  shudder,  shiver, 
tremble. 
An'  t'  trees  steud  whidderin'  neak't  an' 

bare, 
Shakken  wi'  coald  an  wind. 

Richardson,  2nd.   p.  12,  line  5. 

Widderer,  g.  (widdh.U'RU'R') — 
Anything  very  large  or  powerful. 
T'  next  ghem  was  a  whidderer,  for  we 
hed  neah  less  ner  twelve  soverans  on. 

Scoap.   p.  28,  line  12. 

Widderful,  c,  e.,  n.  (widdh.U'rtux) 
— Peevish,  irritable,  looking  with- 
ered or  unthriven.  (e.)  Very  per^ 
severing. 

That  barne  leuks  as  widderful  as  if  it 
was  its  oan  gran'fadder.    Gibson,   p.  206. 

Widdle,  p.,  nw.  (wid.ux)— To  fret, 
to  complain. 


Widdy,  c,  ec,  sw.  (wid.i).  Wuddy, 
N.  (wuod.i)— Withy ;  a  band  of 
platted  willows,  forming  a  bad 
apology  for  iron  gate  hooks,  but 
often  used  in  former  days. 

Widdy— A  game  falling  into  disuse. 
A  boy  having  been  "counted  out" 
by  the  saying  of  the  following 
rhyme,  "  Ikey,  pikey,  penny-pie ; 

.  popalorum,  jiggum,  jye ;  stand 
thee  oot  lug,"  cries  "  Widdy  widdy 
way,  Widdy,  widdy  way  ;  snatch  an' 
a  bobbin  an'  away,  way,  way  ! 
Snatch  !  t'  furst  yan  I  catch,"  runs 
after  one  of  the  others,  and  if  he 
succeeds  in  catching  him  lifts  his 
hat  and  strikes  the  other  one  on 
the  head,  saying,  "Help,  me  to 
catch  aw  t'  rest."  They  then 
make  for  the  "  den "  hand  in 
hand,  trying  also  to  touch  one  of 
the  other  boys ;  should  holds  be 
broken,  these  two  go  straight 
"  home,"  whilst  the  rest  try  to 
catch  them  and  ride  "  home  "  on 
their  backs.  There  are  variations 
of  this  game. 

Wide  geatit,  c.  (waatd-giaat.it) 
—  Walking  in  a  straddling  manner ; 
bandy-legged. 

Widness,  c.  (waai.d-nus).  Weyd- 
ness,  nw.  (waei.dnu's)— Width. 

Wid-oot,  c,  e.,  nw.,  n.  (wid-oot). 
Adoot,  c.,nw.  (u'DOOt).  Wi'awte, 
sw.  (wee-aawt) — Without;  un- 
less. 

"He'll  hev  to  gang  widout  Tom  gangs 
for  him.  " 

Like  Sodom  it  wad  ha'  been  burnt  up 

lang  sen ; 
An'  that   'ill  be  t'  end  on't,  wi'oot  ye 

repent.    Richardson,  1st.   p.  51,  line  6 

Some  said  he  was  nobbet  hawf  reet, 
An  fwok  mud  as  weel  be  widout  him. 
Anderson-  Nichol.   Stz.  8. 

He  tok  off  his  specks,  an'  glower't  at  me 
adoot  them.  Gibson  -T'Reets.  p.  11,  line  5 


367 


Wife- day,  a,  b.  (waaif-dae)— -On 
a  birth  occurring  the  neighbouring 
wives  assemble  at  the  house  to 
take  tea,  etc.  as  soon  as  the  mother 
is  able  to  receive  company. 

Wiffle,  G.  (wif.u'l)— To  blow  all 
ways. 

T'  wind  cus  aw  ways ;  it  wiffles  about 
sooa.  Gilpin — Songs,  3rd.   p.  231. 

Wiggin  :   see  Rowantree. 

"Wig  to  wa',  g.  (wig-tu'-wau)— 
"  He's  banged  aboot  frae  wig  to 
wa" — he  is  knocked  about  from 

pillar  to  post.     Lake  Country.  App.  I. 

Wild  anise  :   see  Sweet  brackin. 

Wild  as  winter  thunner,  g. — Un- 
governable ;  unruly. 

Wild  like,  g.  not  sw.  (waaild- 
laaik) — Threatening  wild  wea- 
ther ;   startled  looking. 

Wild  tansy  :   see  Geus  tansy. 

Wile,  g.  (waail)— A  set  of  five 
snares  fixed  to  a  hoop  floating  on 
the  water  for  catching  wild-duck. 

A  quiet,  slow-running  watercourse  was 
generally  chosen  for  the  operations  of  the 
country  folks  who  used  wiles. 

Fauna,    p.  lxxxv,  line  15. 

— To  lead  or  entice,  wile. 
'  I  cannot  git  my  meer  at  heam, 
I  cannot  git  my  meer  at  heam ; 
Tak'  a  reap  o'  cworn  wi'  ye 
An'  wile  her  heam,  an'  wile  her  heam.' 
Old  Song. 

Wilk,  c,  Wa.  (wilk)— The  bark  of 
a  young  dog  when  in  close  pursuit. 
In  the  excitement  of  the  chase  the  young 
dog  is  apt  to  give  an  occasional  bark  or 
whilk.  Cumbriana.    p.  197,  line  7. 

Will,  C.  (wil).     Wull,  N.  (wul)— 
Will,  wish,  desire,  (b.)  Sometimes 
a  bargain  is  closed  on  a  bystander 
saying  : 
"  Come  ov  his  wulls," 


Also  doubts  are  intended  ; 

"  Aa's  i'  wills  whether  to  gang  or  nit." 
She  ax'd  her  her  wills. 

Whitehead,   p.  6,  line  5. 

Willey-cwoat,  g.  not  sw.  (wil.i)— 
A  child's  night-dress. 

Willies,  c,  e.,  nw.  (wil.iz).  Wythes, 
c,  w.  (waaiths).  Wans,  c, 
nw.,  N.  (waanz).  Wands,  c,  e. 
(waandz) — Any  member  of  the 
willow  tribe  that  is  a  shrub. 

Willy,  c,  sw.  Seel  tree,  c,  e. 
Saughtree,  g.  not  sw.  (sauh- 
tr'Ee) — Any  member  of  the  Wil- 
low (tree)  tribe — Stilice*.  If  any 
special  tree  be  referred  to  by  Seel 
or  Saugh  it  will  be  the  Great  Sallow 
— Salix  caprea  (W.H.). 

Willy  lilt ;  Willy  wicket :  see 
Dickadee. 

Willy  wans,  c.  Wully  wans,  N. 
(wuol.i)— Young  shoots  of  the 
Willow. 

Lang  willy-wands  for  hoops  I  yust  to  bay. 
Relph — Hay-time.    Stz.  8. 

Win,  g.  (win)— To  secure  ;  win  back 
— to  return. 

Helped  to  win  his  hay. 

Rise  of  River,   p.  82,  line  7. 

It's  sae  far  .  .  .  thoo'lt  niver  win  back. 

Rise  of  River,   p.  132. 

Winch.,  g.  notN.  (winsh)  —  A  vice 
or  iron  screw. 

Wind,  g.  not  n.  (wind).      Win',  n. 
(win).      Wun  (wuon)  —  Wind ; 
the  time  occupied  in  drawing  the 
breath. 
She  can  laff  an'  yool  aw  at  a  wind. 

Betty  Wilson,    p.  13,  line  9. 

Nay,  some  there  was  that  at  a  win 
Cud  tuom  down  a  yeal  flaggon. 

Stagg — Bridewain.    Stz.  32. 

Wind  egg,  a  Oon  egg,  ec.,  sw. 
(oon-eg) — A  soft  or  shelless  egg. 

Thoo'll  run  them  hens  tell  we'll  hev  nin 
hut  wind-eggs.       Pen.  Obs.    1898,  June  7. 


368 


Window  leuker,  g.  (  wind.U'  liuok.- 
U'R')— The  inspector  of  lights  when 
the  window  tax  was  levied. 

Windy,  g.  ( wind,  i)— Noisy,  talka- 
tive. 

"  Mair  wind  nor  woo'  like  clipping  a  swine." 

Windy  bags,  g.     Windy  wallet. 

— An  incessant  talker. 

Ov  aw  t'  lal  windy  wallets  'at  ivver  Ah 

met  wid,  he  was  t'  crooner. 

Betty  Wilson,    p  106,  line  1. 

Wine   berries,  g.  (waain)  —  Red 

currants—  li  /  be*  ru&r  u  m . 
Winje,  g.  not  sw.  (winj)— A  glad- 
some exclamation  of  surprise  or 
wonder. 

"  Winje  wife,  what  a  berry  pudding  !  " 

'Twas  a  fair  start,  it's  a  preyme  reace  ; 

Winge  you  !   how  fast  they  gang. 

Stags — Bridewain.    Stz.  20. 

Winnel  strea,  a  (win.cj'L-str'EEU') 
— The  dead  and  dried  stems  of 
grasses  belonging  to  the  Agrostu 

family  ;   Crested  Dog's-tail—  Oyno - 

minis  or  /status.     W.H. 

"  As  waik  as  a  winnel  strea."     Saying.    \ 

Winnick,   n.  (win.ik)  —  Any  thing   j 
diminutive.     In  playing  at  pitch 
and  toss   with   button   tops  the  j 
smaller  ones  are  winnicks  and  the   j 
larger  sleaters. 

Win'  row  (win  r'Atj) — (a,  sw.,  ec.)   j 
The  long  row  formed  by  raking   I 
together  the  grass  lying  in  the 
swayth.       (n.,  nw,  b.)  Peats  or   j 
turves  set  up  to  dry  in  rows  two 
or  three    feet   high,    are   in   the 
win'-row  ;  this  is  the  second  part 
of  the  drying  process,  (c.)  Parallel 
lines  of  foam  often  seen  on  the 
lakes  when  a  high  wind  is  blow- 
ing.      See    Seang,     Cock-row, 
Kest,  Rake. 

Winsom,  n.,  ne.  (wins.U'm).   Wun- 
som. — Lively  and  pretty  ;  of  win- 
ning manners. 
My  Tlbby  was  a  winsome  bride. 

l-a.  \ mii; r      Jenny  Dear.     Stz.  3. 


Winteridge,  g.  (wintth.U'R'u)  — 
Winter  eatage  in  the  field. 
A  scour  </  Herdwicks  boggs  which  she 

was  luiti^iu'  doon  till  her  sinaw  farm  for 
WINTER  age.  C.  Pacq.  1898,  Oct.  12.  p.  6,  col.  2. 

Winter  prood,  c,  n.,  e.  (wintth.- 
U'R'-pr'OOd).  Winter  prawwd, 
sw.  (praawd)— Said  of  winter 
wheat  in  a  too  forward  state  of 
growth. 

Winter  wood,  c.,sw.,e. — Deciduous 
trees  which  should  be  cut  down 
in  winter  and  not  peeled. 

Wipe,  g.  (waaip)— A  hint.  A  back- 
banded  stroke. 

"She  gives  him  many  a  wipe  about  it." 

Wires,  b. — The  frame  work  on  che 
spindle  of  a  spinning  wheel,  with 
crooked  wires  to  guide  the  thread 
to  the  bobbin. 

Wiselike,  n.  (waei.zlaeik)— Wise 
and  prudent. 

Wishy-weshy,  g.  (wish.i-wesh.i) 
— Weak,  worthless. 
Ah  sud  like  teh  hev  rayder  thicker  poddish 
...  for  it  was  sad  swish-swash  stuff,  an 
nut  hoaf  boilt.  Scoap.    p.  48,  /;, 

That  wish-weshy  tea  now  so  mickle  in  use, 
Was  a  treat  for  our  girt  fwoks. 

Cumbriana.     p.  245,  line  8. 

Wisk :   see  Whisk. 

Witch,  wood  :   Roan  tree. 

Wittin',  g.  (wit.un) — Knowledge, 
intelligence. 
"  I  dud  t'  best  o'  my  wittin." 

Wittle  (wit.U'l)— To  shuffle  gradu- 
ally backwards,  without  raising 
the  feet  clear  of  the  ground. 
Obsolesc. 

Wizzan  :  see  Wezzan. 

Wo',  c,  N.,  e.  (wau).  Waa,  8W. 
(waa)-A  wall.  To  build  a  wall. 
I'd  been  wo-en  a  gap  at  bed  fawn  ower 
o'  t'  udder  side  o'  t'  park. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  94,  line  14. 


869 


Woast  house,  c.  (waust-oos)— The 
inn  which  a  traveller  frequents. 

Woatin',  "Woat  leather,  b.  (wau- 
tin)  -  Clog  or  boot  welts  which 
connect  the  sole  with  the  rest  of 
the  boot. 

Woats  :  see  Hawer. 

Wobster  :   see  Webster. 

Wo-er,  c.  (wau.uor).  Waa-er, 
sw.,  N.  (waa.U'R') — A  waller,  one 
who  builds  dry  walls. 

Woke  rife,  n.,  nw.  (wauk-raeif)   | 
— Sleepless. 

When  upon  her  strea  couch  liggan, 
Susan  steep'd  her  waukreyfe  een. 

Stagg — The  Return.    Stz.  2.    j 

Wol :   see  Well. 
Woodchat :   see  Utick. 
Wooshat :  see  Cushat. 
Woo  wheel,  G. — A  wheel  on  which 
wool  is  spun. 

Workan'  by  girt,  g.  (wuor'K.U'N- 
bi-guor  t) — Working  by  contract. 

Worriment,  g.  (wuor'.imu'Nt)— 
Harassing  annoyance. 

Worts  :   see  Orts. 

Wost,  c,  e.  (waust)— Curds. 

Wreen,  n.,  sw.  (r'een).  Reaned — 
Cross,  ill-natured,  twisted. 
.  Some  wreen  ill-natured  tykes. 

Stagg — Rosley  Fair.   Stz.  23. 

Wrens  :  see  Hineberries. 

Wring  in'   wet,  g. — Thoroughly 

wetted. 

Wud,  N.  (wuod)— Mad.  See  also 
Wa. 

But  if  my  Cursty  bears  the  milk  by  fits, 
For  gallopin  to  wakes  I  ne'er  gang  wood. 
Relph — Hay-time.   Stz.  7. 

Wudderin',  a  (wuoddh.U'R'U'n)— 
Shuddering  or  tremulous  in  sound. 
Keaty  Curbison'  cat  hed  a  whudderin' 
waow.     Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.  line  1. 

y' 


A   queer  widderen  feelen  was    runnen 
doon  me  backbane. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  25,  col.  1. 

Wummel,  g.  (wuom.U'l)— An  augur. 

Wun,  nw.  (wuon)— Woollen. 

Wun,    n.,   nw.   (wun) — To  dwell; 
wound,  did  wind. 
"He  wun'  up  his  watch." 

Then  cry'd,  whore  wuns  my  Luive,  come 
tell  me  true. 

Relph — St.  Agnes  Fast,  line  19. 

Wunz,  c.  (wuonz) — An  oath  or  ex- 
clamation— "  God's  wounds." 
'Ods  wuns  an  deeth,  that's  what  I'  for- 
gitten.  Gibson— Bobby  Banks,  p.  22,  line  3. 

Wurtle,  nw.  (wur.tu'l)— To  re- 
treat ;  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
arsle.    j.h.     See  Reutle. 

Wusk  :   see  Whisk. 

Wyke,  c.,e.,Ws.(waaik)— A  narrow 
opening  between  rising  grounds  ; 
the  corners  of  the  mouth.  Used 
of  the  corners  or  bends  on  Lakes, 
e.g.  Peel  Wyke  on  Bassenthwaite. 
The  Castle  Hill  ...  a  British  fort  guard- 
ing the  pass  or  wyke. 

Cumbriana.   p.  131,  line  9. 

He  wip'd  the  grease  from  off  his  cheeks — 
(For  it  o'erflow'd  at  both  his  wicks.) 

Clark — Pudding,   p.  51. 

They  formed  their  fortified  harbours,  the 
wykes,  in  Darran  and  Broadwater. 

Rawnsley.   p.  33,  line  10. 

Wyte,  c,  nw.  (waeit) — Blame. 

When  wheezlinWully  was  set  i'  th'  stocks ; 
Aul  Grizzy  ay  gat  the  weyte  of  aw. 

Anderson — Grizzy.   Stz.  4. 


370 


Ya,  c,  sw.,  e.  (iaa).  Tan  (iaan). 
Yen,  n.,  nw,  (ien).  Yin  (iin)— 
One.  Ya  is  used  when  the  noun 
indicated  is  named — yan,  when  it 
is  understood ;  thus — "How  many 
fwoke  was  theer1?"  "Yan!"  "No- 
but  ya  man  !  "  See  Yan. 
He'll  niver  dee  of  his-sel'  sa  lang  as  ther  's 
any  wark  to  hoond  yan  on  tull, 

Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  7,  line  18. 

She  hedn't  sa  much  as  leuk't  at  him  efter 
t'  ya  hard  glowre  'at  she  gev  him  at  t' 
furst.        Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  8,  line  10. 

Death  summon'd  yen  by  yen. 

Rayson — The  Auld  Pauper.    Stz.  3. 

Yaad :  see  Yod. 

Yabble,  g.  (iaab.U'l).  Yable,  e. 
(iaab.U'l)— (1)  Able;  (2)  well-off, 
of  good  means. 

Oor  Betty's  (1)  yabble,  an'  she's  willin' 
To  help  a  neighbour  in  a  strait. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  148. 

Gittin  heavy  incomins  i'  rent,  ...  it  was 
plain  eneuf  'at  he  wad  seun  be  yan  o'  t' 
(2)  y  ablest  men  i'  thur  parts. 

Gibson — Wise  Wiff.    p.  27,  line  2. 

Yadder,  g.  (iaaddh.U'R') —  To 
chatter. 

Thoo  yadders  and  talks  like  a  gurt  feul. 

S.D.B. 

Bit  efter  aw  'at  ah  'd  been  yadderen  aboot 

ah  cuddn't  verra  weel  be  off  takken  t'  bet. 

W.C.T.X.    1897.    p.  25,  col.  1. 

Yaddle,  c,  sw.,  e.  (iaad.U'l)— To 
speak  quickly  and  unwisely.  See 
Aydle. 

Yadwands,  g.  (iaad-waans). 
Gadwands,  e.  (gaad-waans)— 
Wands  or  rods  used  in  driving 
horses.     Not  much  in  use. 

Yak-bob,  g. — A  piece  of  oak  with 
its  bob  or  bunch  of  foliage.  Children 
carry  yak-bobs  on  Royal  Oak  Day. 


Some  auld  grey-beardit  Druid   stannin' 
ower  them  wi'  a  yak-bob  in  his  hand. 

Richardson,  1st.    p.  123,  line  4. 

Yak  cubbert,  g. — There  are  many 
large  oaken  cupboards,  dating  about 
1680,  built  into  the  interior  walls 
of  old  farmhouses. 

Yakkerspire,  e.  (iaak.U'RSPaair') 
— When  the  malting  process  is  too 
long  continued  and  both  root  and 
sprout  are  visible,  the  barley  is 
yakker-spired  and  injured  for  malt- 
ing. 

Yal-jaw't,  g.  not  ne.  (iaal-jaut)— 
Sickened  by  drinking  too  much 
ale. 

Yalla  belly,  g.  (iaal.u'-bel.i)— A 
young  salmon-trout  returning  from 
the  sea. 

Yalla  fin.  c. — A  lake  trout  in  good 
condition. 

Yalla  Gull :   see  Gull. 

Yalla  yowderin,  Yorlin  :  see 
Bessy  blakelin. 

Yammer,  G.  (iaam.U'R') — Rambling 
talk,  incessant  talk. 
Theer's  been  a  lang  yammer  in  t'  papers 

last  week 
About  t'  Branthet  Neuk  boggle. 

Dickinson — Remains,    p.  209,  line  1. 

— To  talk  incessantly  ;  to  scold  ;  to 
persist. 

She's  yammeran  at  men  t'  day  by  t'  lenth. 

S.D.B. 

An'  he  yammer't  at  t'  wife  tull  she  went 
back  at  neet 
To  dig  up  t'  oald  thumb. 
Gibson— Jos.  Thompson,    p.  140,  line  2. 


371 


a 

o 

t> 

+2 
50 

i 

c 

1-4 

c 

o 

M 

P 

03 
CD 

u 

p 

d 

d 

<D 

CD 
X5 

3 

CD 

d 

ft 

a 

> 

o 

CO 

CD 

efl 

+3 

4-2 

o3 

d 

o 

>> 

,fl 

i_j 

h9 

o 

CD 

> 

o 

§ 

© 

•v 

V 

d 

H 

4=1 
CO 

CD 
T3 

c5 

o3 
CD 

CO 

p 

o3 

4-2 

cd 

o 
o 

I 

CO 

is 

> 

'© 

d 

*5 

CD 

4-3 

CD 

53 

CD 

ft 

S 

ft 

d 

CO 

d 
,2 

O 
CO 

o 

T3 

.y 

o3 

d 

CD 

rd 
4-2 

CD 

4-2 

o3 

d 

'S 

4-2 

CD 

•1 — 5 

H 
K 

<1 

.s 

.- 

53 

4-2 

d 

|> 

cd 

a 

H 

O 

03 

o 

oT 

CD 

H 

o 

*H 

o 

T3 

X5 

^ 

d 

+3 

d 

?5 

03 

o3 

o3 

CD 

T 

_(_3 

o3 

4-i 

Q 

Is 

1— I 

o3 

d 

CD 
- 

o3 
CD 

OS 

-u 

CD 
CD 

4-2 

CD 

CD 

s 

ft 

ft 

o 

-d 

O 

CD 

o 

CD 
CO 

CD 

o 

CD 

o 

CD 

T3 

d 

o3 

CD 
CD 

4-2 

cd 
S 
d 

d 

CD 

o3 
PS 

o 

be 
'3d 

Q 

~ 

&> 

» 

ft 

i— i 

- 

^Z^ 

_u 

H 

"x 

o 

m 

CD 

o3 

•SP 

.2f 

cd 

>. 

TO 

H 

c3 

d 
"3 

03 
d 
'3 

03 

ol 

ft 

CD 

CD 
ft 

ft 
'ft 

53 

,d 

4-3 

o3 
CD 

O 

o3 
CD 

O 

'■3 

03 

d 

'o3 

eb 

o3 

ft 

■o 

o3 

d 

'o3 

4-2 
O 

be 
bp 
'3d 

o3 

CD 

— 1 

CD 

£s 

Is 
xi 
M 

m 

CO 

4-2 

I 

H 

^ 

cd 

9 

^5 

,° 

s 

CD 

3 

1— 1 

03 

o3 

p3 

o3 

o3 

o3 

c3 

jo 

4-2 

'ol 
CD 

JO 

1— 1 

3 

1 — 1 

d 

d 

o3 
4-2 

CD 

CD 

CD 
~CD 

a 

ft 

a 
ft 

CD 

,d 

.  CD 

CO 

CD 

4-2 

CD 
> 

O 

-d 

CD 
O 

-5 

cjs 

o3 

CD 

CD 

4-2 

d 
d 

^2 

d 

o3 

o 
be 

be 

'So 

d 

03 

CO 

s 

CD 

> 

CD 

— 

4-2 

(—1 

H 

H 

p 

CD 

be 

o 

P 

w 
ft 
ft 

H 

CD 
CD 

P 

M 
ft 
P. 

p 

P 

H 

wj 

m 

03 

P 

'« 

P 

P 

bjo 

d 
o 

o3 

> 

O 

M 

65 

CD 
4-2 

CD 

P* 

& 

o3 

p 

t-4 

o3 

P 

ft 

o3 

1? 

o 

o3 

M 

o3 
CD 

ft 

a 

ft 

a 

d 

o3 

S 

4-2 
CD 

CD 
CO 

d 

d 

CD 

i— i 

d 

ee 

d 

CD 

o3 

T3 
CD 

73 
CD 

ft 

4-2 

o3 
o3 

~o3 
5 

O 

It 

O 

O 

d 

o3 

73 
CD 

d 

03 

bD 
.bp 

53 

CO 

H 

_o 

&H 

H 

£h 

s 

S 

M 

02 

H^ 

ft 

ft 

H 

H 

*S 

\» 

s 

d 

CO 

T— | 

CM 

CO 

^H 

lO 

CD 

L^ 

00 

05 

o 

i—i 

CO 

iO 

CD 

o 

O 

3 

'S 

— ' 

T— 1 

«— 1 

i-4 

i—i 

CM 

C5 
C5 

h 


72 


Yance-to-bed,  b. — Said  when  a  per- 
son begins  to  yawn. 

Yap,  G.  (iaap)— A  mischievous  lad. 
Thoo  gurnin  yap,  thoo  ! 

Gibson — T'  Reets.    p.  9,  line  19. 

Whoa  can  sing  when  that  yap's  squeekin'  ? 
Betty  Wilson,    p.  44,  line  15. 

— Quick,  ready,  apt. — Obs. 

Syne  til't  he  fell,  and  seem'd  right  yap, 
His  mealtith  quickly  up  to  gawp. 

Daft  Bargain,    line  11. 

Yar,  EC,  N.,  E.  (iaar') — Harsh,  sour. 

Yark,  g.  (iaar'k).  Yerk  (ier'k) 
— The  fiercest  of  blows  ;  rough 
amusement. 

Threw  his  neef  hoaf  up  teh  t'  ceilin.  an 
than  browt  it  doon  wih  sec  a  yark  on  t' 
coonter.  Scoap.    p.  14,  line  8. 

A  lot  o'  jolly  dogs  were  left, 
Gay  rivin'  yarks  we  hed. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  67,  line  4. 

— To  strike  furiously  or  fiercely  with 
a  stick ;  hence  to  do  anything 
energetically.  To  lash  out  in  play 
as  a  colt  will ;  kicking  implies  vice. 
She  fell  to  yarkin'  t'  auld  sewe  wi'  t' 
besom.  Richardson,  1st.    p.  72,  line  6. 

They  beaath  teaak  teh  ther  heels  .  .  .  and 
that  man  iv  his  trailan  t'  chain  efter  as 
hard  as  he  could  yark. 

Scoap.     p.  72,  line  8. 

When  he  went  up  t'  rwoad  he  did  yark 
away.    J.H. 

Yarker,  g.  (laa.R'KU'R')— Anything 
great  or  large. 

Oor  meer's  fwol't  a  cowt,  an'  a  yarker. 

W.D. 
Yarkin',  g.  (iaa.R'ku'n)— The  ad- 
ministration of  a  severe  beating. 
I  put  her  out,  and  gev  her  a  good  yarkin. 
Cumbriana.    p.  2aS,  line  7. 

—Large,  great,  "  thumping." 

She  set  off  an'  browt  us  a  girt  yarkin' 
glass  o'  whiskey. 

Richardson,  2nd.    p.  5,  line  10. 


Yat,  c,  sw.,  e.  (iaat  ;  giaat).  Yet, 
ne.  (iet)— A  gate. 

Thooll  hev  to  leuk  efter  t'  fences,  an'  t' 
yatts,  an'  t'  water-coorses. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiflf.    p.  25,  line  1. 

He  steeks  the  faul-YEAT  softy  tui. 

Anderson — Impatient  Lassie.  Stz.  7. 

As  daft  as  a  yat  'at  swings  beath  ways. 

Saying. 
Yaup  :   see  Yope. 
Yawwer  :   see  Yooer. 
Yawwl  :    see  Yool. 

Ye,  g.(iee) — The  pronoun  of  respect. 
See  Ta. 

I  will,  maister!  I'll  dee  o'  for  him  t'  seam 
as  if  ye  war  heear  to  worder  it  yersel'. 

Gibson— Wise  Wiflf.    p.  24,  line  1. 

Yedder,  g.  (ieddh.U'R').    Yether, 
n.    (iedh.U'R').    Yither— A   long 
rod  used,  in   hedging;    a  binder. 
See  Cockgard. 
They  whack,  wi'  their  yedders — shout 

uncanny  words — 
He  batters  away  wi'  hard  sods. 

Cumbriana.    p.  242,  line  6. 

— To  belabour  a  person  with  a  supple 
stick  ;  to  overcome. 
An'  some  there  was  'at  clash't  their  key  tes 
Till  they  were  fairly  yether'd 

Wi'  drink  that  day. 
Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  32. 

Yedderan,  g.  (ieddh.uru'n)— 
Supple  and  long. 

Bit  then  there  was  some  yetherin'  dogs, 
'At  owr  the  leave  laid  th'  capsteane. 
Stagg — Bridewain.  Stz.  27. 

Yelberry,  N.  (iel-berm)— Ale  boiled 
with  bread  and  sugar — formerly 
given  at  funerals  for  dinner. 

Yems  :   see  Heams. 

Yerb  puddin',  g.  (iaarb) — A  dish 
of  early  spring,  composed  of  young 
nettles  and  every  wholesome  ve- 
getable that  the  garden  affords, 
mixed  with  groats,  oatmeal  or 
shelled  barley,  and  boiled  in  a  bag 


373 


in  broth ;  the  great  art  in  com- 
pounding this  dish  is  to  have  much 
variety  with  no  predominating 
taste. 

As  seun  as  Ah  saw  t'  Easter-mer-gients, 
Ah  was  shure  it  was  a  yearb-puddin,  an' 
seah  we  hed  it  till  t'  dinner. 

Betty  Wilson,   p.  Ill,  line  18. 

Yerdfasts,  g.  (iuord-faasts)— 
Large  stones  fast  in  the  earth,  and 
near  the  surface. 

Yerk :   see  Yark. 

Yerls,   c,  n.   (iuorxz).    Yarls, 

(lAAB/LZ).      Arls,  NE.  (AAR'LZ) — 

Money  given  to  confirm  a  bargain. 
Earnest  money  for  work  performed; 
the  money  advanced  to  farm  ser- 
vants when  they  are  hired. 
Yeh  man  .  .  .  hire  anudder  shippert  as 
seunn  as  yeh  like ;  .  .  .  for  my  next  yurls 
is  ruddy  teaan  for  Amurica. 

Scoap.   p.  10,  line  7. 

He  would  receive  his  yearles,  the  cus- 
tomary manner  of  making  the  engage- 
ment. W.C.T.X.   1892.    p.  6,  col.  1. 

It  was  really  getting  the  earl  under 
fraudulent  pretences. 

C.  Patr.   1899,  Jan.  27.    p.  3,  col.  6. 

Yern  :  see  Garn. 

Yerthful,  c.  (iuorth-fuol)— Greedy 
as  the  earth.  (Not  known  to  cor- 
respondents.) 

Ye's,  c,  Ns.,  e.  (iu's).     Yea's,  sw, 
nw.  (lEEs)— You  shall. 
"  Yea's  come,  ye'r  like." 

Come  fa'  to  wark,  as  I  have  done, 
And  eat  the  ither  haff  as  soon 
Ye's  save  ye'r  part  content  quoth  Rabb. 
The  Daft  Bargain,   line  19. 

Yesterneet,    g.    (iustth.U'R'neet). 
Yestreen,   n.  (iest.R'EEn) — Yes- 
terday evening. 
Was  t'er  owts  o'  feightin  yesterneet? 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  2,  line  2. 


Yet,  g.  (iit)— Still,  at  the  present 
time.     See  Yat. 
Does  it  rain  yet? — does  it  still  rain? 

C.  Patr.     1899,  Mar.  17.     p.  4,  col.  5. 

Yether,  Yither  :   see  Yedder. 

Yetlin,  n.,  ne.  (iet.lln)— A  pan  with 
a  bule  or  bow. 

I'll  pat  th'  puddin'  i'  th'  yetlin',  an'  then 
I'll  git  riddy.        Rosenthal,    p.  137,  line  7. 

Yigga :   see  Ayga. 

Yigle  :   see  Aglet. 

Yik :   see  Wark. 

Yilp,  c,  ws,  e.  (iilp) — To  chirp  like 
birds  or  mice. 

Thar  war  aw  white-heedit  like  our  weet- 
miller  lasses,  an  tha  tawk  an  yilp  like 
mice. 

Smith— Borrowdale  Letter,  p.  130,  line  3. 

Yin :   see  Ya. 

Yod,  c,  n.  (iaud).  Yoad  (laud). 
Yaad,  sw.  (iaad).  Yad,  e.  (iaad) 
—An  old  mare. 

While  t'  oald  yoad  went  stammerin'  heam. 
Gibson — Cursty  Benn.   Stz.  6. 

Come  Gwordie,  lad !  unyoke  the  yad. 

Anderson — Betty  Brown,  line  1. 

Yoke,  g.  (iauk) — To  engage  with, 
to  set  to,  to  put  a  horse  to  a 
vehicle,  etc. 

Got  out  the  old  mare,  and  .  .  .  yoked  up. 
W.C.T.X.   1893.    p.  11,  col.  3. 

Yon,  G.  (iaun) — That  one  there  at 
some  distance ;    that  or  that  'un 
refers  to  a  nearer  object. 
T'  cloods  'at  darken  owre  us  noo  may  rive 
like  yon  we  see. 

Gibson — Mary  Ray.  Stz.  3. 

What  lies  t'  been  deun  to  brek  t'  grun- 
stane  in  yon  way  ? 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  36,  line  7. 

Yooer,  c,  n.,  e.,  nw.  (ioou'R-). 
Yawwer,  sw.  (iaeaawu'R')— 
The  udder  of  an  animal. 


374 


Yool,  c,  N.,  e.,  nw.  (iool).  Yawwl, 
sw,  nw.  (iaaool)— A  cry,  howl ; 
the  act  of  crying.  Said  more  es- 
pecially of  a  boy  when  struck  by 
his  mother. 

Ah  hed  menny  a  good  yewi,  on  t'  fell 
aboot  it.  Scoap.   p.  8,  line  17. 

— To  weep  ;  see  Gowl. 

A  lal  thing  mak's  a  barne  yewl,  an'  a  lal 
thing  mak's  it  laugh.  Saying. 

Mudder  skelped  him  an  mead  him  yewl. 
W.C.T.H.   1894.    p.  12,  col.  4. 

Tope,  c,  e.,  nw.  (iaup).  Yaup, 
nw.,  sw.  (iaap)— Constant  and 
loud  talking. 

— To  whoop,  to  shout. 

In  anser  till  his  question,  aboot  whedder 
it  was  her  or  nut,  she  yoap't  oot, "  It's  aw 
'at 's  left  on  meh." 

Betty  Wilson,   p.  146,  line  7. 

Yorkshire  fog  :   see  Dart. 

You,  G. — The  use  of  the  second  per- 
son plural  betokens  respect.  See 
Ta. 

He  was  me  maister  noo,  an  sooa  ah  yoo't 
em.     •  Scoap.   p.  76,  line  21. 

Youngermer,   g.  (iuong.U'R'MU'R') 
— Younger  persons. 
The  youngermer  bairns,  at  heeds  an  cross, 
Sat  laikin.      Anderson — Ruth.  Stz.l. 

Youngfwok's  neet,  c,  Ws,  ec.  ;  see 
Oald-fwok's  neet. 

It  was  Young  Folk's  Day  in  the  Vale  of    ' 
Newlands.      Son  of  Hagar.   p.  18,  line  1. 

Yowe  chin't,   g.   not   sw.  (iauw-  ' 
chint) — Ewe-chinned ;    chin    re- 
tiring. 

An  blue-nebb'd  Wat,  an  ewe-chin'd  Dick. 
Anderson — Village  Gang.   Stz.  11. 

Yowe  locks,  g. — Locks  of  wool 
taken  from  the  udder  of  the  ewe 
to  enable  the  newly-dropt  lamb  to 
find  the  teat. 

Yowe  neck't,  g.— The  arch  of  the 
neck  bending  downwards. 


Yowe  yorlin,  <:.,  EC,  nw.  (iauw- 
iau.R'LIn).  Yowe  yorner,  sw. 
Jack  durnill,  K.  Job-jurrial, 
c,  sw.  (jaub-juor'.nux).  Jop- 
jurnal,  e. — The  roots  of  the  earth 
or  pignut — Bunium. Jteseuomm.  The 
plant  itself  is  called  Scabley  hands. 
Debby  Birkett  sed  yeowyearling  reuts 
war  good  things  for  teuth  wark. 

W.C.T.X.   1893.   p.  11,  col.  2. 

Yowl,  g.  (iauwl)— The  howl  of  a  dog. 

Keaty  Curbison'   cat  hed  a    whudderin. 

wauw, 
A  waow  like  a  yowl. 

Gibson — Keaty  Curbison.   line  1. 

— To  howl  as  a  dog. 

A  dog  winna  yowl  an'  ye  hit  him  wi'  a 
bane.  Gibson,   p.  208. 

Yub'n,  g.  (iuob.U'n)— Oven. 

Ses  she,  "  I  mass't  a  cup  a'  tea, 
Theer'  t'  pot  on  t'  yubben  top." 

Richardson,  1st.   p.  25,  line  5. 

Yub'n  stean,  g.— The  stone  that 
closes  the  mouth  of  the  brick  oven. 

Yuck,  c,  e.,  Ns.  (iuk) — The  itch. 
See  Heuk. 

—To  itch,  tickle. 

She'll  scart  mey  back  whene'er  it  yucks. 
Anderson — Tib.   Stz.  1. 

Yule,  c,  n.  (iool)— Christmas. 

Ye'r  yule  logs  git  riddy.  I's  cummin,  ye 
see.  Richardson,  2nd.  p.  176,  line  3. 

Yur,  c,  sw.  (iuor).  Dodder,  n.. 
nw.  (dauddh.U'r).  Blore,  sw, 
(blaur')— Corn  Spurrey — ^pn;jui<> 


Zookers !  c,  sw., e. (zoo.kurz)— An 
exclamation  of  surprise  or  admir- 
ation. 


375 


The  following  list  contains  some  of  the  words  which  other  collectors 
have  recorded  as  being  used  in  Cumberland,  but  of  which  my  corres- 
pondents have  been  unable  to  discover  any  trace  ;   probably  most  are 

obsolete. 


Aver — A  cart-horse,  or  any  common 

hack-horse. 

Blemmle — To  mix  up  fluid  and  solid, 
as  flour  and  water. 

Breed  "bryder — A  bread  basket. 

Brit — To  break  or  bruise. 

Cant — Brisk,  vigorous,  merry. 
Craff — The  House-sparrow. 

Doggenel — An  eagle. 

Eaver — A  point  or  quarter  in  the 
heavens. 

Fansome  —  Kind  caressing  ;  has 
been  heard,  but  believed  to  have 
been  imported  lately. 

Fawd — A  bundle  of  straw. 

Feeag — To  encumber,  load. 

Flead — Stood. 

Frittish— Cold. 

G-attle-headed — Forgetful. 


Keane — To  scamper  away. 
Keel — To  cease. 
Kelp — A  young  crow. 

Lowes — Small  knolls  rising  in  the 

plains. 

Lurdane— A  sluggard. 

Miff — A  mow  or  rick. 

Mommock — A   little   bit  or   frag- 
ment. 

Monee — To  strut. 

Murl — To  pine  or  grieve. 

Parsen — Personal  charms. 
Pate — A  badger. 

!   Scomther — To  scorch  severely. 
Shed— To  excel. 
Spottle — A  schedule. 

Unhomed — Awkward,  untidy. 

Weald — To  lean  on  one  side. 


I  shall  be  glad  to  be  informed  if  any  of  the  above  words,  as  well  as 

the  few  others  already  entered  in  the  Glossary  as  "  Unknown  "  'are  still 

in  use  in  the  county,  and  where.      Words  used  in  Cumberland  and  not 

here  recorded,  will  be  thankfully  received. 

E.W.P. 


ADDENDA 


Bannock,  a  Barley  bannock,  G. 
Broon  scon,  jr.-,  NC,  sw.  Clap 
keak,  b. — A  scone  made  of  bar- 
ley meal,  butter-milk  and  bi-car-  j 
bonate  of  soda  ;  seldom  made  now, 
but  formerly  very  common  and  j 
not  so  rich.  Barley  bread  is  also 
obsolete. 

Blinnd  :   see  Rack  hurry. 

Bluet — When  Skeat  and  Bluet  are   j 
spoken   of  together,    then  Bluet 
refers  to  the  Burton  Skate  or  Bor- 
dered Kay — Bala  alba.     H.M. 
13  Tons  Skate  and  bluet  at  Workington. 
W.C.T.    1899,  July  29.    p.  8,  col.  1. 

Bodesman,  Obs.  —  The  watchmen  I 
were  called  bodesmen,  because  they 
had  a  bode,  or  watchword  given  to 
them,    to   prevent    the    enemy's 
fraud  in  the  night  season. 

Scott,    p.  14. 

Bodeword,  Obs. — A  message  war-  j 
ranted  by  a  token.         Scott,   p.  u. 

Bowet,  Obs. — A  hand  lantern. 

The  common  people  used  to  call  a  lantern 
a  bowet,  which  name  was  then  in  use  for 
a  light  on  the  shore  to  direct  sailors  in 
the  night,  properly  signifying  a  token. 

Scott,    p.  14. 

Britten,  (?  Obs.)— To  break  or  di-  ! 
vide  into  fragments ;  cut  up.  To  ' 
beat. 

The  Jury  present 

Margaret  Whitehead  for  slandering  Brid- 
get Hudleston  and  saying  "she  smoored  and 


brittened  her  child  on  the  Bedd  Stocke." 
Extract  from  the  Court  Leet  Book  of 
the  Manor  of  Millom.    1685,  Ap.  27. 

Made  by  E.  L.  Nanson. 

Bull-ing  deal — In  Borrowdale  there 
is  a  field  off  which  a  farmer  (not 
the  regular  tenant)  was  allowed 
to  take  annually  a  crop  of  hay,  on 
condition  that  he  kept  a  bull  for 
the  use  of  the  parish.  There  is 
also  another  parcel  of  land  now 
held  by  the  tenant  tithe-free  on 
condition  that  he  keeps  a  parish 
bull  and  stallion ;  needless  to  add 
that  he  keeps  no  such  animals, 
but  his  holding  is  still  tithe-free. 
See  Meanfield. 

Byar-law — Add  e.  After  "village" 
add : 

Byde  (or  Byer)  law  men — appointed 
Imprimis  to  the  Meate  of  the  hurdd 
Robt.  Backhouse  to  give  a  weake  meate. 

Extract  from  the  Morland  Parish  Book. 

1609,  May  4.    Made  by  Major  Markham. 

See  Hurd  meat. 

Cat-thighed :   see  Skitter-hips. 

Cherry  Sunday— The  day  on  which 
the  neighbourhood  formerly  as- 
sembled at  Martindale  to  pick  wild 
cherries,  and  make  merry  at  the 
village  inn.     Obs. 

Clash. 

His  wife  clashed  the  door  in  his  face. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Oct.  20.    p.  6,  col.  3. 


78 


Clean  as  a  nip,  c.,nc— Smart,  very 
tidy  ;  free  from  dirt ;  completed. 

Clickin'  fork't,  c— Having  two  tri- 
angular-shaped pieces  cut  out  of 
the  ear,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
point.  See  Lug-mark. 
One  stuffed  both  ears,  the  other  clicking 
forked  and  underfold  bittit  near  ear. 

W.C.T.     1899,  Oct.  14.    p.  4,  col.  1. 

Coops,  Salmon  —  :  nc. — A  portion 
of  the  river  is  forced  to  flow  be- 
tween two  walls  ;  at  the  up-stream 
end  of  the  passage  thus  formed  is 
a  grating  through  which  the  fish 
cannot  pass  ;  at  the  down-stream 
end  are  fixed  wooden  bars  so  ar- 
ranged that  they  converge  up- 
stream, forming  a  small  opening 
through  which  the  salmon  may 
pass  into  the  coops,  but  cannot 
return.  The  coops  are  generally 
built  in  sets  of  two  or  three,  and 
would  occupy  the  whole  breadth 
of  the  stream  if  confined  between 
say  the  bank  and  an  island,  but 
for  the  Fishery  Act  which  obliges 
the  owners  to  leave  a  free  or 
"  Queen's  gap,"  so  that  some  fish 
at  least  may  pass  onwards. 

Cowp — Generally  means  to  upset 
sidewise,  as  when  anything  is 
turned  out  of  a  wheel-barrow.  Cf. 
Keck. 

Cropp't. 

Half-bred  lamb,  cropped  both  ears. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Sept.  2.    p.  4,  col.  4. 

See  Lug-mark. 

Cupplins,  g.  (kuop.lu'Ns)— The 
short  ribs  of  animals ;  that  portion 
of  the  trunk  of  an  animal  which 
lies  between  the  long  ribs  and  the  j 
haunch-bone. 

Cropped  both  ears,  dim  smit  on  couplings 
W.C.T.    1899,  Sept.  2.    p.  4,  col.  4 

Cuvvins. 

1  Ton  16  cwt.  Covins  at  Ravenglass. 

W.C.T.    1899,  July  29.    p.  8,  col.  1 


Delly  (del.i).  Dilly.— An  under- 
ground incline  with  two  sets  of 
rails.  By  means  of  a  wire  rope 
passed  round  a  pulley  at  the  top 
of  the  incline,  the  full  tub  de- 
scending pulls  up  a  weighted 
bogie  (acting  as  a  balance  weight) 
on  the  other  set  of  rails.  When 
this  balance  weight  descends,  it 
pulls  up  the  empty  tub.  Dellies 
are  used  when  the  trailing  is 
heavy,    r.w.m. 

It  was  his  duty  to  bring  props  from  the 
delly.      W.C.T.    1899.  Nov.  18.    p.  3.  col.  5. 

Drop-dry. 

All  out-houses  for  young  stock  should  be 
.  .  .  made  drop-dry. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Oct.  6.     p.  6,  col.  7. 

Fadder  dees  :  see  Lousy  bed. 

Fell  reeve,  e.  —  The  man  whose 
duty  it  was  to  see  that  no  villager 
put  more  sheep  on  the  common  fell 
in  the  summer,  than  he  could  keep 
on  his  own  holding  during  the 
winter  months.  He  had  also  to 
decide  disputes  as  to  driving  sheep 
Off  good  pasture.    Major  F.  Markham. 

Cf.  Field  reeve. 

Fence— The  term  applied  in  Bor- 
rowdale  by  some  to  distinguish  a 
stone  wall  on  the  fellside  from  a 
stone  or  thorndyke  in  the  dale. 

Fettle:    line  3,   after  "to"   insert 

"  fasten." 
Fork't. 

Forked  near  ear,  holed  both  ears. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Sept.  23.    p.  4,  col.  5. 

See  Lug  mark. 

Front  neam,  g.  —  The  Christian 
name. 


Galloping  wedding— An  ancient 
custom — when  the  male  friends  of 
the  bridegroom  used  to  ride  on 
horseback  to  church,  and  on  the 
conclusion  of  the  ceremony,  made 


379 


for  home,  each  anxious  to  secure 
the  then  coveted  honour  of  being 
the  first  to  reach  the  house. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Aug.  26.    p.  0,  col.  4. 

Of  such  a  kind  was  the  Bridewain 
as  described  by  Stagg. 

Garth  row,  E. — By  rotation,  from 
house  to  house.  See  Nayber 
row. 

Geus  cworn  :   see  Star  bent. 

Grease  horn — Grease  was  formerly 
taken  in  a  horn  into  the  harvest 
field  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  strickle  in  conjunction  with 
sand.  (ec.)  A  term  of  disgust 
applied  to  a  dirty  person  (b.k.). 


Haut — Mist  mirage. 

The  mist  is  still  called  haut.    Scott,  p.  139. 

Heater  point,  c,  w.  ([h]ee.tthu'R' 
pwauint). 

Also,  the  sharp  point  or  coulter  of 
a  plough.  Heater  bit  is  the  trian- 
gular piece  of  ground,  generally 
grass-grown,  at  the  junction  of 
three  roads  ;  so  called  because  of 
resemblance  to  the  iron  heater  in 
a  box-iron. 

Heugh — Add  :  StonyHEUGH  Farm. 

Heuk. 

Half-bred  Lamb,  red  pop  on  far  hook. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Sept.  9.    p.  4,  col.  5. 

Heuk-back :  see  Pen-stean. 

Horn,  ec,  nc. — Self  applause,  as  in 
expression  "  blow  his  own  horn  " 
—  sound  his  own  praises.  A 
cheery  countenance  (B.K.). 
Er  ye  gaily?  Aye  gaily  middlin.  Aye  ye 
blow  a  rare  horn.    B.K. 

Huddle,  w.  (uod.U'l)— To  embrace. 

Used  in  this  secondary  sense  when 

two  lovers  are  sitting  with  their 

arms  around  each  other. 
Hunger,  G-.  (uon.gu'K')— To  starve, 

cause  to  be  hungry. 

Accused  her  of  hungering  the  bairns. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Sept.  1.    p.  7,  col.  2. 


Hurd  meat,  e. — Food  given  to  the 
common  herd  for  tending  the  vil- 
lage cattle  and  sheep.  Obs.  See 
"Whittlegang,  Nayber  row, 
and  quot.  under  Byar  law. 

Hurry — Is  used  for  delivering  any 
material  from  a  higher  to  a  lower 
level ;  made  of  iron  or  wood ; 
also  in  use  at  a  pit's  mouth. 
The  hurry  was  erected  previous  to  him 
coming  to  the  works. 

W.C.T.   1899,  Nov.  18.    p.  2,  col.  2. 


Impident. 

"  You  were  impudent  with  me  on  the 
stairs."  "  I  have  never  interfered  with 
you."        C.  Patr.    1899,  Oct.  20.    p.  6,  col.  3. 


Inby. 


The  inby  deputy  (away  in  the  mine)  did 
not  come  until  two  o'clock. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Aug.  5.    p.  3,  col.  6. 

Cf.  Top  gaffer. 


Jacky-beath-sides,  G. — The  "  odd " 
'  man  in  a  game  when  the  players 
are  not  even  in  numbers  ;  it  is 
then  that  the  Jacky-beath-sides  plays 
alternately,  first  with  the  one  and 
then  with  the  other  side. 

Joe,  w.,  wc.  (jau)  —  A  measure 
equivalent  to  the  "  reputed  "  pint, 
about  a  glass  and  a  half;  refers 
always  to  ale  which  may  be  served 
in  any  vessel  sufficiently  large  ; 
as  a  rule  the  word  describes  the 
quantity  and  not  the  vessel,  though 
at  times  the  vessel  is  intended. 

He  told  her  ...  to  draw  a  joe  of  ale. 

W.C.T.   1899,  Nov.  4.    p.  3,  col.  3. 

Picked  up  the  joe  glass  which  was  full 
of  ale.      Ditto. 


Keck — Generally  implies  the  idea  of 
tipping  up  at  the  end,  as  when  a 
cart  is  emptied  by  lifting  the  shafts. 


380 


"They  o'  gat  to't  en'  o't  bwoat  an'  it 
keck't  oop,  an'  they  wero'  droon't."  Said 
in  reference  to  a  boating  accident  on 
Derwentwater. 


Laal  noose. 

Told  them  to  go  on  before  him  to  the 

LITTLE  HOUSE.      That  LITTLE  HOUSE  Was  ill 

R —  B — \s  garden. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Oct.  20.    p.  6,  col.  5. 

Lines,  Marriage  —  : 

An  arrangement  was  made  that  they 
should  put  the  lines  in  on  the  following 
Saturday,  and  that  they  should  be  mar- 
ried on  the  8th  March. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Nov.  10.    p.  3,  col.  2. 

Mean  fence— A  stone  wall  on  the 
fellside  which,  when  in  disrepair 
must  be  put  in  order  by  the  two 
tenants  whose  land  it  divides.  The 
following  extract  from  an  old 
Manorial  Court  Book  shows  that 
hedges  were  also  mean. 
Kirksanton  (1692).  None  shall  shear  any 
grass  upon  any  raines  or  hedge-backs 
which  is  in  meane  betwixt  Gropes  (?) 
and  Gateside. 

Meanfield — Not  necessarily  in  the 
"  hands  of  the  lord,"  but  may  be 
in  the  possession  of  any  land- 
owner. Such  fields  still  exist  in 
Borrowdale  and  elsewhere.  The 
custom  connected  with  a  mean- 
field  is  as  follows :  the  one  tenant 
(he  may  be  the  absolute  owner  of 
the  land)  has  the  right  to  take  off 
the  hay-crop  only,  whilst  another 
tenant  has  the  right  of  eatage  for 
the  rest  of  the  year.  At  times  it 
is  only  a  part  of  a  field  that  is  in 
mean,  it  is  then  marked  off  from 
the  rest  by  meerstones  (a  tree  also 
serves  this  purpose)  or  by  reans. 
Bootle  (1699) :  Eatage  of  which  common 
is  in  meane  between  Thos.  Whinney  and 
Wm.  Nicholson.  Extract  from  Manorial 
Court  Book. 


Moor  master,  e. 

When  his  grandfather  was  moor  master 
for  Greenwich  Hospital,  he  believed  Al- 
ston Moor  was  making  £40,000  or  £50,000 
a  year.  C.  Patr.  1899,  Oct.  27.  p.  7,  col.  7. 
Mudder  dees  :  see  Lousy  bed. 

Mummy,  g.  (muom.i)  — A  soft 
shapeless  mass;  frequently  with 
the  idea  of  moistness.  A  man 
who  has  been  fighting  and  been 
severely  "punished"  may  be  said 
to  have  his  face  "  o'  mashed  to  a 
mummy";  apples  are  reduced  to 
mummy  when  making  them  into 
sauce. 
Her  onions  were  mashed  to  mummy. 

C.  Patr.   1899,  Mar.  10.   p.  6,  col.  5. 

Mynd— Prof.  Skeat  considers  that 
this  word  is  a  translation  of  the 
Welsh  mwyn,  meaning  ore;  the  ad- 
dition of  the  o  may  be  due  to  the 
unusual  position  of  the  accent 
which  has  a  most  powerful  in- 
fluence over  pronunciation. 


Nally  :  also  EC.  b.k. 

Nanny  catch,  sw. — A  sort  of  ap- 
parition or  mischievous  sprite.  A 
certain  house  bears  the  name  of 

Nanny  catch  House.    Eev.  J.  Steele. 

Nanny- cratty,  c.  Ninny- cracky, 

ec. — A  person  whose  character  is 
as  is  given  below,    j.b. 

Foolish,  weak-minded,  childish ; 
of  small  account.  Applies  to  a 
person,  conversation,  or  work. 

Nayber  row,  E.  (R'Au)— Meat  was 
given  to  the  herd  by  nayber  row, 
i.e.,  by  each  farm-house  in  rota- 
tion. Major  F.  Markham.  See  Byar- 
law,  "Whittlegang. 

Nip. 

He  saw  the  prisoner  .  .  .  place  his  band 
on  his  shoulder  .  .  .  nipping  the  (gold 
scarf)  pin. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Nov.  17.    p.  3.  COL  2. 


381 


Oot-gang,  e. — The  exit  on  to  the 

fell.  Major  F.  Markham. 


Plum  Sunday",  Langanby  —  :  The 

last  Sunday  in  September  when 
people  used  to  assemble  at  Lang- 
wathby  to  pick  plums  and  make 
merry  at  the  inn. 
Powe — Add :  A  head  of  hair. 

Punched. 

Half-bred  Lambs,  punch-holed  near  ear. 
W.C.T.    1899,  Sept,  2.   p.  4,  col.  4. 


Reame,  c.  (r'EEU'm) — To  foam  or 
sparkle  like  spring  water  freshly 
poured  out  (obs.).  (n.)  To  skim 
milk. 

Run  o'  t'  teeth,  g. — Free  board  in 
return  for  work  done.  The  mowdy 
catcher  is  now  the  only  member 
of  the  village  community  who  gets 
his  meat  free  at  the  various  farm- 
houses in  the  parish  in  return  for 
catching  the  moles.  See  "Whittle- 
gang. 

Robbery — A  robbery  is  that  district 
of  the  mine  where  the  pillars  of 
coal  originally  left  for  the  support 
of  the  roof  are  being  removed  or 
taken  away.  r.w.m. 


Shafne,  sw. — Describes  an  undeter- 
mined, purposeless  manner. 

Snot- horn,  ec. — The  nose;  an 
expression  of  disgust  applied  to  a 
dirty  disagreeable  person.        b.k. 

Soft  hat ;  also  c. 

The  soft  bonnet  is  still  much  to  the  fore 
in  rural  places,  but  not  to  the  same  ex- 
tent as  in  bygone  days. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Oct.  7.    p.  4,  col.  6. 


Soldiers,  ec. — A  boys'  game  which 
commences  with  the  repetition  of 
the  rhyme  : 

"  Curst  be  the  day  on  which  thoo  was  born, 
If  thoo  cannot  draw  thi  sword,  blow  thi 
horn." 

The  boys  then  try  to  blow  one 
another  out  of  countenance  with 
the  breath,     b.k. 


Sote,  sw.  (saut) — Desirous  of  co- 
habitation, carnally  excited  (said 
of  a  woman),     s.d.b. 

So  wan,  c,  sw.  (sauw.ttn)  —  Ex- 
tremely, very. 
It's  meast  sowan  good.      S.D.B. 


Underfold  bittit— Having  a  trian- 
gular piece  cut  out  of  the  under 
side  of  the  ear. 
Cheviot  ewe,  under  bitted  both  ears. 

W.C.T.    1899,  Nov.  25.    p.  4,  col.  4. 

Upper  bittit,  c— Having  a  triangu- 
lar piece  cut  out  of  the  upper  side 
of  the  ear.     See  Lug  mark. 

Double  upper  bitted  near  ear,  cropped  far. 
W.C.T.    1899,  Ap.  15.     p.  4,  col.  1. 


"Walker — In  place-names. 

The  WALKmill  Pit. 

C.  Patr.    1899,  Nov.  17.    p.  7,  col.  2. 

Whittlegate. 

It  is  well-known  in  the  Beaumont  dis- 
trict near  Carlisle,  and  was  formerly 
known  at  Botcherby.  At  Beaumont  it 
was  the  practice  to  engage  a  lad  to  herd 
the  cattle  on  the  marshes  and  to  sound 
the  horn  "to  call  the  cattle  home.'*  His 
remuneration  was  a  small  sum  in  cash 
and  ''his  meat"  at  different  farm-houses 
in  turn. 

C.  Jr.    1899,  Nov.  14.    Local  Jottings. 


LIST   OF   SUBSCRIBERS 


Abercromby,  Hon.  J. 

Addison,  J.,  Esq. 

Alderson-Smith,  G.,  Esq. 

Arlosh,  James,  Esq. 

Asher  &  Co. 

Banks,  Kirby,  Esq. 

Barlow,  J.  R.,  Esq. 

Barnes,  H.,  Esq.,  M.D. 

Baron,  Miss  A. 

Blanc,  Hippolyte  F.,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Scot. 

Bolitho,  T.  R.,  Esq. 

Bolton,  J.  (per  Messrs  Brown) 

Bowes,  R.,  Esq.  (per  Macmillan) 

Bowman,  A.  N.,  Esq. 

Brown,  J.  A.  Harvie,  Esq. 

Brown,  J.  W.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Burra,  Robert,  Esq.' 

Carlisle,  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of 

Carlisle  Free  Library  (per  Thurnam) 

Carruthers,  R.,  Esq.  n 

Chadwick,  S.  J.,  Esq. 

Charlton,  W.,  Esq. 

Cheetham,  Mrs  (per  Bemrose) 

Christie,  Rev.  J.,  B.A.  (per  Thurnam) 

Clark,  John,  Esq. 

Cohen,  F.,  Esq.  (c/o  D.  Nutt) 

Collingwood,  W.  G.,  Esq.   (per  Bemrose) 

Colquhoun,  Sir  John,  Bart.  (2  copies) 

Copenhagen  Roy.  Lib.  (per  the  Director, 

C.  Bruun) 
Cowen,  Joseph,  Esq. 

Cowper,  H.  S.,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  (per  Bemrose) 
Creighton,  R.,  Esq. 
Crossland,  Chas.,  Esq. 


Dickinson,  J.  N.,  Esq.  (3  copies) 

Douglas  and  Foulis 

Durham,  The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of 

Erdmann,  Prof.  Axel  (2  copies) 

Edwardes,  St.L.  Hope,  Esq. 

Farrah,  John,  Esq. 

Ferguson,  Rd., Worshipful  Chancellor,  F.S.A. 

Ford,  H.  E.,  Esq.,  Mus.  Doc. 

Franklin,  W.  E.,  Esq. 

Graham,  Miss  C. 

Gray,  Rev.  R.  M. 

Hague,  Mrs 

Hall,  J.  W.,  Esq. 

Hallam,  Mrs 

Halton,  Miss 

Harrison,  Messrs 

Hasell,  Mrs 

Hayton,  Rev.  "W,  M.A. 

Heberden,  C.  B.,  Esq. 

Heslop,  R.  Oliver,  Esq. 

Heygate,  Mrs  R. 

Hill,  Miss  A.  H. 

Hinds,  Mrs  J.  P. 

Hoare,  Rev.  J.  N. 

Hodgson,  Rev.  J. 

Jackson,  T.  W.,  Esq.,  M.A. 

Jackson,  W.  Hatchett,  Esq.,  M.A. 

Jackson,  Mrs  B. 

James,  H.  E.  M.,  Esq.,  C.S.I. 

Jones-Balme,  F.  M.,  Esq. 

Johnson,  Right  Rev.  E.  t 

Johnson,  Miss  (2  copies) 

Keene,  Rev.  Rees,  M.A. 

Kendal  Free  Library  (per  J.  N.  Singleton,  Esq) 


383 


Kind,  G.  E.,  Esq. 

Kirkby,  B.,  Esq. 

Leach,  R.  E.,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. 

Le  Lacheur,  Miss  E.  M. 

Little,  W.,  Esq. 

Liverpool  Free  Lib.  (per  P.  Cowell,  Esq.) 

Liverpool,  Right  Rev.  Bishop  of 

London  Libr.  (per  C.  T.  H.  Wright,  Esq.) 

Lonsdale,  Mrs  H.  B.  (per  Thurnam) 

Lowther,  Rt.  Hon.  J.  W.,  M.A.,  LL.M. 

Lowther,  Rt.  Hon.  W. 

Luick,  Prof.  K. 

Maclagan,  R.  C,  M.D. 

Magrath,  Rev.  J.  R.,  D.D. 

Manchester  Free  Libr.  (per  C.  Sutton,  Esq.) 

Marshall,  S.  A.,  Esq. 

Melbourne  (Victoria)  Public  Library  (per 

Melville,  Mullen  &  Slade) 
Minns,  J.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 
Mitchell,  Wm,  Esq. 
Mitchell-Dawson,  A.,  Esq. 
Morsbach,  Prof.  L. 
Murray,  David,  Esq.,  LL.D. 
Nanson,  E.  Lonsdale,  Esq. 
Nanson,  T.,  Esq. 
Nelson,  J.,  jun.,  Esq. 
Newcastle  Free  Libr.  (per  Basil  Anderton, 

Esq.,  B.A.) 
Newton,  C.  B.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 
New    York    Public    Library   (per   Messrs 

Stevens) 
Noble,  Mrs  M.  E. 
Pendlebury,  R.,  Esq. 
Prevost,  A.,  Esq. 
Prevost,  F.  A.,  Esq. 
Proudfoot,  J.  K.,  Esq. 


Reay,  Rev.  T.  H.,  M.A. 

Redpath,  Mrs  P.  (per  Macmillan) 

Ricketts,  Mrs 

Rivington,  C.  R.,  Esq. 

Rix,  W.  H.,  Esq. 

Robinson,  J.,  Esq. 

Robinson,  Wm.,  Esq. 

Robinson,  Mrs 

Sampson,  Low,  Marston  &  Co. 

Saul,  S.  G.,  Esq. 

Schick,  Professor  F.,  Ph.D. 

Scott,  B.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Senhouse,  Miss,  R.M.A.F. 

Sewell,  Colonel  F.  R. 

Sheldon,  E.  R.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Sherwen,  Rev.  Canon  W. 

Skeat,  Prof.  W.  W.,  Litt.  D. 

Stechert,  Messrs  C.  E. 

Stubs,  Peter,  Esq. 

Steel  Bros. 

Thompson,  H.,  M.R.C.V.S. 

Thompson,  R:  H.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Thome,  Th.,  Esq.  .1 

Troutbeck,  Rev.  J.,  D.D. 

Vaughan,  Mrs  W. 

Walpole,  Sir  C.  G. 

Watson,  W.  H.,  Esq.,.  F.C.S.,  F.G.S. 

Whitehaven  Free  Libr.  (per  J.  Simpson,  Esq.) 

Wilson,  H.  S.,  Esq.  (2  copies) 

Wilson,  J.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Wilson,  J.  G.,  Esq.,  M.A. 

Wilson,  Wm.,  Esq.  (per  Thurnam) 

Wright,  Prof.  Jos.,  Ph.D.  (3  copies) 

Wrigley,  Robt.,  Esq. 

X.  Y.  Z. 

Youdale,  W.  H.,  Esq.,  F.R.M.S. 


/ 


^ 


/ 


/ 


14  DAY  USE  r 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED    f      ^ 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


VX1* 


VS 


LD  2lA-50m-ll,'62 
(D3279sl0)476B 


7 


ft 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


-  -7 


J^C