A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
PEKTAINIWG TO THE
DIALECT OF MID-YORKSHIRE;
WITH OTHERS PECFLIAB TO
LOWER NIDDERBALE.
SEKTES C.
ORIGINAL GLOSSARIES,
AND GLOSSARIES WITH FRESH ADDITIONS.
V.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
PERTAINING TO THE
DIALECT OF MID- YORKSHIRE;
WITH OTHERS PECULIAR TO
LOWER NIDDERDALE.
TO WHICH IS PREFIXED
AN OUTLINE GRAMMAR
OF THE MID-YORKSHIRE DIALECT
C, CLOUGH ROBINSON.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY
BY TKtJBNEK & CO., 57 & 59, LTJDGATE HILL.
MDCCCLXXVI.
JOHN GUILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
C ONTBTS
Glossaries:-
I. Words pertaining to the Dialect of
Mid-Yorkshire; with others peculiar
to Lover Nidderdale; to which is pre-
fixed an outline grammar of the Mid-
Yorkshire Dialect,
by C.C. Robinson,
II. fiords used in Holdernessin Sastriding of
Yorkshire.
by ?. Ross, R. Stead, and Thomas Holderness
' *
ueec eisriJo riJlw
7 ai ricirfw c: jslBfcrrettlM -jswoJ oJ
-h^ 1 eriJ ": J ^ fcsxll
v 2
TOfl a tr? ,fcB9J . . . yd
PEEFACE.
IN the preparation of this Glossary, there were originally ex-
cluded all words which, though forming part of the writer's collection,
were also to be found in the Whitby Glossary, published in 1855.
As, however, neither Mr Ellis, nor Mr Skeat, were favourable to this
plan of omission, it was abandoned, and the very considerable
number of words common alike to the Whitby Strand and, inland,
to Mid-Yorkshire, were rendered in glossic, and incorporated. In
the process of accomplishing this much, more became necessary.
Where, for example, in the Mid- Yorkshire area, a verb was in com-
mon use, in the Glossary referred to there was a restriction (clearly
unintentional in many cases) to a mere participle; or, to a verb,
where, in the first-named locality, a substantive form had a joint
currency. In the Whitby Glossary, an exclusive prominence was
also given to various fractures which, in the Mid- Yorkshire dialect,
existed only as interchangeable features. Lastly, there were many
words which varied in meaning in the respective localities. It was
necessary to indicate these instances of the different treatment of
words, and hence the additional notes comprised in the present
Glossary. 1
The variety of dialect in which the words and illustrations
throughout have their glossic rendering is, unless specific reference is
1 Since the above was written, for the completed Glossary, the English Dialect
Society has issued the first part of the second edition of the Whitby Glossary, hut
as, on a general examination, the additional matter is not found to interfere ma-
terially with the notes suggested by the first edition, these have not been re-
modelled, nor, with their direct bearing on the phase of dialect now represented,
has it seemed necessary to revise them.
Vi PREFACE.
made to another locality, that of Mid- Yorkshire. Where a word has
several of these bracketed renderings, their order of precedence cor-
responds, as a rule, with their degree of use ; and such forms as are
heard only in the refined phase of dialect speech are distinguished.
The contractions immediately following the glossic rendering of
each dialect word will be understood as indicating the several parts
of speech. Where there is no contraction of this nature, the word
exampled is a singular substantive.
The words contained in the first edition of the WMtby Glossary
are unclassified in their uses. In the following pages, where their
classification was necessary, it will not, in many cases, be found in
correspondence with the usage noted in the Whitby Glossary.
Where, in this Glossary, the exampled use of a word is restricted
to one part of speech, say, a neuter verb, and its local use as an
active verb ought to have been also noted, it seemed the simplest
and most convenient plan to indicate this complete usage merely by
adding ' v. a.' after the ' v. n.'
In the illustrative phrases furnished throughout the Grammar
and the Glossary, the single words with a short vowel-sound have
their quantity marked, whether accompanied by stress or not. Thus,
the dialect phrases, * One and the other/ ' Well, mind him of it, if
you go, if you please,' ' I loves, we love, they love,' are respectively
rendered [Yaair un* tid'*u], [Wee'l, maa'nd inr ont', gin' yi gaan*,
un* yu pli'h'z], [Aa* luovz*, wey luov, dhe*h' luov], and the reader
is left to distinguish the stress and the stressless words among the
short-vowelled ones by the ordinary rules of speech. This plan has
been adopted so that no doubt may rest with the reader as to the'
quantity of the vowel in any monosyllabic word. But when words
are uttered emphatically, as in the sentence, ' I tell you he did say so, }
now then,' the emphasis is denoted in the usual way, by placing a
dot before the emphatic words [Aa tilz* yu e'y 'did* seh'* si*h', 'noo*
dhin*].
The rendering of the local pronunciation is in accordance with
Mr A. J. Ellis's system of glossic, which has, in practice, been found
of the most perfect convenience ; enabling the writer to transfer to
paper peculiar sounds according to his own exact appreciation of
PREFACE. Vll
them, and (while thus satisfying the ear) to obtain those having a
theoretical value.
The bracketed notes throughout, to which the initials * W. W. S.'
are appended, do not indicate the extent of Mr Skeat's services, in
connection with this volume. In general, he has corrected and
revised in duplicate each sheet as it has come from the press ; and
has bestowed on the details of each portion of the work an unwearied
attention which the writer must be permitted gratefully to acknow-
ledge.
The area for which ' Mid-Yorkshire ' has been found a commodi-
ous term may be shortly described as being a rural district extending
widely about the city of York, running parallel with the Ouse, but
chiefly west of this river. On the map, its approximate limits may
be indicated by a line drawn to include Easingwold (13 miles north-
north-west of York); Ripon (21 miles north-west); Ripley (20
miles west-north-west) ; and Wetherby (20 miles west-south-west).
Having been led, by a course of investigation conducted during pre-
vious years, thus to circumscribe the area over which a familiar phase
of dialect extended, the writer devoted an exclusive attention to this
phase. The villages and market-towns within the area which, as
centres of observation, mainly contributed to his resources are, KIRK-
DEIGHTON, NUN-MONKTON, MARTON-CUM-GRAFTON (with BOROUGH-
BRIDGE), KNARESBO ROUGH, and EIPON in the West-riding ; and TOL-
LERTON (with EASINGWOLD), in the North-riding. Casual experiences
were obtained from many intermediate places, of which there are few
within the area specified which have not, in some manner, directly
or indirectly, furnished their quota.
The dialect of this district entire is popularly accredited with
being more ' Scotch' in character, than that of the outlying north.
This notion connects itself with the characteristic use, in the respec-
tive localities, of the open vowels represented by [e*h'] and [i'h'] ;
the former of these, which, in the northern part of the county, exist*
as an interchangeable refined form, being the most general one in
Mid- Yorkshire. The nearness of this locality to the southern manu-
facturing districts, with their varied and distinct modes of speech,
has not been productive of any immediately recognisable result in
Vlll PREFACE.
correspondence. The influence which might be expected from this
direction is, however, sufficiently discernible in the existence of more
active mental habits, in the shrewder instinct in affairs of business,
and in a more actual disposition to enterprise than is usually observed
amongst rural dwellers collectively. The two minster, and the several
old market-towns of Mid- Yorkshire, with their local reputation for
feast and fair, and other traditionary days of stir, have been an
attraction for ' north-country ' people, within and beyond the county,
for successive generations. From this circumstance may, perhaps,
be evolved the best kind of argument in estimating the influences
which have combined to render compact those elements of character
which the Mid-Yorkshire variety of dialect is found to possess.
By 'Lower JSfidderdale ' is indicated the lead-mining district
immediately about Pateley-Bridge. The characteristics of this phase
of dialect are chiefly observable in a direction from the village of
Greerihoio Hill to that of Dacre. At the former place, especially,
there is a slight but continuing influx, from adjoining localities, of
rural settlers, whose peculiarities may not be readily distinguishable
to the casual observer ; but a familiarity of acquaintance will often,
in such a case, reveal distinctive and noteworthy habits of speech.
Under the head of * Bynames,' in the Glossary, reference is made
to a list of such names preserved in old local muster-rolls. A little
publication printed at Richmond, in the North-riding, ten or twelve
years ago, furnished a list of the Swaledale and Arkendale names of
this character, belonging to men sent to do permanent duty at
Richmond ; and are taken from the muster-rolls of Captains Metcalf
and Stewart's companies of the 'Loyal Dales' Volunteers.' They
are these : Grain Tom, Glowremour Tom, Screamer Tom, Poddish
Tom, Tarry Tom, Tish Tom, Tripy Tom, Trooper Tom (all Thomas
Alderson by name). Assy Will Bill, Ayny Jack, Aygill Tom Bill,
Becka Jack, Brag Tom, Bullet, Bullock Jammie, Buck Reuben,
Butter Geordie, Bowlaway, Brownsa Jossy, Cis Will, Cotty Joe,
Codgy, Gwoaty Jack, Curly, Dickey Tom Johnny, Docken Jammie,
Daut, Freestane Jack, Gudgeon Tom, Hed Jack. Awd John, Young
John, Jains Jack, Mary Jack, King Jack (all John Hird, by name).
Katy Tom Alick, Kit Puke Jock, Kanah Bill, Knocky Gwordie t
PREFACE. IX
Lollock Ann Will, Matty Jwoan Ned, Mark Jammie Joss, Moor
Close Gwordle, Nettlebed Anty, Peter Tom Willy, Peed Jack,
Piper Ralph, Pullan Will, Roberty Will Peg Sam, Rive Rags, Skeb
Symy, Slipe, Slodder, Swinny, Spletmeat, Strudgeon Will, Tash,
Tazzy Will.
In another publication, of which a few numbers were issued, at
an earlier period, in the same locality, the existing Swaledale names
are characterised in the following paragraph :
'Such names as, Tassy'-Jack, Dicky' -Jim, Nathan' -Will' -Will,
Peter' -Hannah' -Tom (the name of the father, mother, and son,
incorporated), Katie' -Tom' -Alec (a similar case), Katie '-Tom'- Alec '-
lad (the case increased to the great-grandfather series), and Katie' -
Tom' -Alec' -lad' -lad (another ascent in the generation), Bullock-John,
Tish-Tom, Trooper, and Split-Meal-Jack, are of common occurrence,
and used, too, with such frequency and regularity that the original
baptismal designations are almost forgotten. One person was called
Willy wV t' e'e, having lost one eye.'
Strings of proper names like the above are strictly localised, and
peculiar to the mining-dales north and the manufacturing villages
south. In the common rural type of village, memories are not
burdened in this way ; and the byname is nothing more than what a
capricious humour originates. Many people earn their own bynames
through some trait of character which is ' loud ' enough to challenge
the common attention. There are instances where a person's phy-
sical infirmity subjects him to a byname, but when this is the case the
motive is well understood to be unobjectionable. There are often
two of the same Christian and surname in a village. One must be
distinguished, somehow, and if so be that one of the two called John
is lame, the means are to hand at once : one is called ' John,' and the
other ' Lame John'
Up to a very few years ago, a curious ceremony prevailed at one
little village, near Boroughbridge. On Twelfth day, the men dressed
themselves up fantastically, and yoked twenty-four of their number
to an old, but a newly-whitewashed plough. Every arrangement com-
pleted, even to the tying of bladders to the ends of the drivers' whip-
lashes, the company began to go the round of the village. At the first
X PREFACE.
convenient place, a halt was made, and the proceedings initiated by
there being read over a roll of the names of those people of the village
who had given birth to children during the past year. These each
received a byname, on the spot. This ceremony concluded, the men
went 'stotting,' with their plough, round the village, collecting
money. Those people who could ' thole ' nothing had their -door-stones
taken up, and a furrow was run over the place ; or, if there was a
front garden, then this was ploughed across. In stopping before a
house to repeat the short sentence of ' nomony,' or formula usual,
bynames were always employed. Thus, there was a person named
1 Firelock? who had been complimented by having an only son
named ' Stunner. 1 On reaching the house of this family, the spokes-
man of the Stotters stepped forward, and said: 'We wish And
Firelock a merry Kers'mas, an' a merry Kers'nias to Stunner, his son ! '
In this village there was no one inhabitant without a byname.
Belonging to old people, were those of Firelock, Punch, Bendigo,
Sugar, Fad (whose son was Fad Bil, exceptionally), Peace and Plenty
(man and wife), Butch', Gaud-Cabbage, Wag, Jobber, Puggy, Saggy,
Moorey (the man's name not being Moore), Aud Tut, And Tilings,
And Beats (Boots), and Aud Soss, one of the complimentary names
bestowed on the devil. Names were changed occasionally. Those
given to children were not considered objectionable, by rule. In the
case of notorious, unpopular residents, however, it was generally
admitted that their offspring had ' crampers ' of names bestowed upon
them. A similar custom prevailed at another place in the same
locality, Aldborough. Here, the ' Shepherds,' as the ' Stotters ' (the
more usual name) are also called, yet turn out on Twelfth day ; but the
proceedings have grown to be very mild. Formerly, their first move-
ment was to wend their way to a spot known as 'Chapel Hill.'
Here the roll of all the dwellers in the town was called over ; their
bynames being employed ; and, after this proceeding, more of such
names were bestowed upon the new-comers, who, at the end of the
ceremony, were then warranted in upholding their right of enjoyment
of all privileges and immunities belonging to the place. This little
town, with its large mixed population, is, however, not to be con-
sidered as fairly rural in character ; and the village before indicated
PREFACE. XI
is a specimen of those odd rough types which have borne their cha-
racter for generations, and is one where farm-labourers and jobbers
constitute nearly the whole of the inhabitants. The custom of the
common type of Yorkshire farming village, while similar in character,
is quite divested of obtrusive ceremony ; and has a pervading ele-
ment of kindliness which cannot be overlooked.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Mid. Mid- Yorkshire.
Nidd. Mdderdale (Lower).
gen. general (to the above localities).
ref. refined (phase of dialect).
Wh. Gl Whitby Glossary (first edition).
AN
OUTLINE GRAMMAR
OP
THE MID-YORKSHIRE DIALECT.
THE Mid- Yorkshire dialect, and the dialect of the peasantry of the
north of the county have, constructively and idiomatically, strongly as-
similative qualities, and, in short, a genius in common, yet differ, to an
extent, in their respective vocabularies, as also in certain methodical
pronunciations. But these circumstances do not make apparent the real
grounds of distinction between the two varieties of dialect, and are
practically without import. In each of these rural districts (ignoring
the mining dales), there are heard the same sounds in the same words,
but only in relation to different phases of each variety of dialect. From
whatever point of view, involving either a general or partial aspect, the
speech of this part of the county may be considered, there is found to
be a clear distinction between the refined phase of the dialect, as spoken
by an upper class of people, chiefly in the market-towns, and the vulgar
phase, as spoken by the peasantry ; nor does this distinctiveness arise
from the approximation of the former phase to modern usage as respects
pronunciation. For the immediate and operative source of distinction
between dialect and dialect, attention must be directed to the existing
local standards of refinement, by which pronunciations are arbitrarily
and instinctively referred to either the one or the other relative phase of
speech. There is additional material for distinction in the changes, mul-
tiplied and radical, which many of the commonest verbs (in particu-
lar) are, in their pronunciation, subjected to ; and, by this means, a
semi-refined phase of dialect is evolved in the language of the peasant.
In Mid- Yorkshire, the local scale of refinement in relation to sounds is
curiously complicated in its bearing on various classes of words, but is,
in practice, adhered to with an undoubtful impulse of mind by those
speakers who, if not amongst the most instructed, are intelligent, and,
as even a stranger might be impressed, unvitiated in their use of the
vernacular,
LETTER-SOUNDS.
Xlll
A
B
C
[Eyh'].
;Bey].
"Sey].
D
"Dey, d'ey].
E
F
SrJ
"E-f].
G
[Jey].
H
[Ih'-ch, e-h'ch].
I
= Aa-y, aa'].
J
tafl
K
'Ki'h'].
L
[Aeyl].
M
_Aeym'].
N
"Aeyn'].
[Ao'h'].
To begin with the pronunciation of the letters of the alphabet, the
usage, in Mid- Yorkshire dialect, is as follows :
P
Q
B
S
T
U
V
w
. [Kih'', ki-w (ref.)" 1 .
. [Aa-r].
. [Aeys'].
. TVy, tVy].
. [YiW, yih'', yao'w (ref.),
yoo- (ref.)].
. [Ve-y].
. [Duob'u'lyiw",yih'",(and)
'
ao"h'(ref.)]. '[DuobTi'l-
yaow" (and) ao" (ref.)].
X . .
"Aeyks']
Y . .
"Waa*].
Z . .
"Zid'].
&c. . .
"Aanpe'h'sil],
Note. In order to avoid encumbering the following paragraphs, the ex-
amples of words in which a particular sound obtains are not multi-
plied to any extent, and are given just as they immediately and
collectively occurred to memory. In what were deemed needful
cases, there are departures from this rule, but, generally, it has not
been attempted to exhaust, by example, the various classes of words
(many, in some instances) which are the recipients of an indicated
sound.
The "several sounds belonging to this vowel are [e'h'] (as in mate,
part) ; [eh''] (harvest, harsh) ; [aa'] (are, dare) ; [aa] (what, can, able
[yaab'u'l]); [ao'h 7 ] (fall, call) ; [e] (has, cast) ;_ [ih'-] (late, Kate).
The use of particular vowel-sounds in the dialect is greatly dependent
upon circumstance. Thus, whether A is heard as [ih'*J, or, as [e'h'] is
determined according to the nature of the accent, as in the sentence :
' It 's the same again,' where the a of same may resolve itself into either
of the mentioned forms, by reason of stress, or by quantity.
Of the above series of pronunciations [aa-] is the most distinctive.
Under certain circumstances, but neither uniformly nor consistently,
and, at times, with manifest unconsciousness, some speakers occasionally
employ [:a*h] in accented syllables.
In regard to the digraphs :
ae is of infrequent occurrence, and, when heard, is sounded [e'h'] ;
ai is sounded [e'h'] (faith, remain} ; [i'h'] (again, slain) ;
au [aoh''] (haul, authority, fault) ; in the class exampled by the last
word the liquid is uniformly mute ; [aow] (taught, caught) ; [uo] (gaunt,
flaunt, assault, laudanum, laurel) ;
aw has also the sound of [uo], with the addition of [h'] (crawl, bawl,
scrawl) ;
In the refined phase of the dialect, the several sounds of A are [ai]
(mate, fate) ; [aa'] (are, far, hard) ; [u'] (dark, stark) ; [aa] (was) ; [ao']
(all, pall) ; of ae [e] ; of ai [:e'] (faith, rain, lain), and [eh'-] (grain,
b
xi\ r LETTER-SOUNDS.
chain) ; of au [ao] (fault, haul), and [u] (gaunt, flaunt, laurel] ; of aw
[UW] ' B.
In some few words, this consonant occasionally takes the place of p ,
as in mop, dapple, Baptist, the verb to dip, in all its parts, and, fre-
quently, in the verbs to hop, flap, drip, snip, also, substantively, in
the three last words. Probably the word ' Barley ! ' an ejaculation
employed by children in their games, when a truce is desired may also
be included in the list.
In such words as tremble, humble, nimble, assemble a large class, I is
never inserted, as it is in standard English.
Ch.
In some words the dialect has preserved the (original) hard sound of
7c, as in churn, chaff, bench, pitch (verb), thatch [thaak'], flitch [fli:rh'k],
bleach, reach, Rich (a common abbreviation of Richard), belch, perch, arch
[aa-k (and) eh''ch], screech [skr:rh'k], beseech [bisi'k (and) biseyk (ref.)],
milch, church [kaor''k], chest [kist*].
D.
Initial d, preceding a vowel, and final d have frequently a peculiar
thick sound, approaching a dental. The usual sound under other cir-
cumstances is distinctly dental. In some cases, when in immediate
proximity to its related consonant b, d systematically supplants t, as in
but, bottom, btittercup, cutty.
This letter substitutes th with great frequency, and in other cases
only gives way to dental t.
Unless in association with a word used participially, d is usually
mute when immediately preceded by n, as in hand, handle, candle, com-
mand, stand, land.
E.
The sounds of this vowel are [ee'] (occasionally, as in me, le) ; [ae f y,
aey] (heard in the same class of words, with [me'y] and [mey] as the
refined forms) ; [e] (met, let] ; [i] (met, fret, let, yet] ; [ao] (her) ; [uo]
(her, yes) ; [i'h'] (errand, herb [i'h'b, yi'h'b], extreme [ikst'ri'h'm], fever] ;
[ih''] (news, flew] ; [aa'J (serve, mercy) ; [aa] (peril) ; [ae] long and short,
is also heard in interchange with [e], but rarely apart from accented
syllables ;
ea is [i'h'] (death, breath, leave, sea, bread, cheap) ; [i] (in the first
part of some words, of two or more syllables, as, meadow, jealous, zealous,
breathless, cleanliness, measure, treasure, pleasure) ; [eh'*] (heart) ;
ee [ih 5< ] (see, feed, tree, flee, free, three) ;
ei [ih'*] (feig
medial at times) ;
[ih''] (people) ; [i] (leopard, jeopardy] ;
, and ew (interchangeably with [i'w]), [i'
).
the refined phase, the sounds of E are [e
slight interchange with the foregoing) ; [i] (fret, met, let) ; [e] (meddle,
fell, gentle) ; [u] (long or short, according to position, as in her) ; of ea
[i] (ready, tread) ; [e'y] (breath, dead, swear), and [uy] (sea, tea); of ee
[ey] (see, feed, tree, flee, free, three>> of ei [uy] (reign, rein, deign, feign,
ei [ih'*] (feign, deign, reign, vein, rein, mischief; the vowel being
ia
eo
eu, and ew (interchangeably with [i'w]), [i'h'] (feud, deuce, slew,
fewer).
In the refined phase, the sounds of E are [ey] (me, le) ; [uuy] (in
LETTER-SOUNDS. XV
vein), and [ey ] (mischitf, brief, sieve) ; of eo [ey ] (people)', and [e]
{leopard, jeopardy); of eu, and ew [oe] (feud, Jew, slew).
F.
There is a strong disposition to sound this consonant in the place of
ill, initially, in certain words, as in thratch (to quarrel sharply), through,
thrust [fruost'], thimble [fim'u'l], throstle, throng, and in thought, as
habitually pronounced by individuals [faowt'].
G.
Final g, and the additional g which may be gained participially, as
in sing, singing, are, by rule, seldom heard ; but, on the part of some
individual speakers, the (/'s in each case are clearly enunciated on all
occasions, as in * gang,' < ganging' [gaangg-, gaang'ing], go, going.
In such words as finger, fiinger, linger, the g is a constituent of the
first syllable entirely [fing'u, fiing'u, ling'u]. Many words fall into
this category, as fangle [faang'ul], dangle, wrangle, spangle, mangle,
angle, tangle, hunger [:uo'ng-ur], monger (as in ironmonger [aa'ru'n-
muong-ur]), mongrel [nr.uo'ng-ril], longer, thronger [thraang'ur], jingle,
single, tingle, and others.
In words having ough as a component, the tendency in regard to pro-
nunciation is not to make a guttural of the consonants, as is done in
the case of ch. Plough, sb. is [pli'h'f], dough [duo'h'f (and) di'h'f], slough
[sluof'], enough [uni'h'f], sough [suof-], though [dhuof- (and) dhih''f],
through [thruof*], bough [bi'h'f], mew (as the word is usually written,
signifying that end of a barn where the grain is stacked, or ' mewed ')
[mrh'f]. Mew, vb. to cloak up, to overwrap, to conceal or pack within
layers of any material, is usually pronounced [muof' (and) miw].
Gl is expressed generally by [dl]. In words having the trigraph
gth, g is omitted in pronunciation, as in strength, length.
H.
This letter is, by rule, never attempted in pronunciation, and, when
heard, is due either to accident or caprice. An equivalent sound is
approached when w is made to precede the vowel o initially, as in one
form of each of the words oats and host, pronounced, at times, almost
distinctly [whuoh'-ts] and [whaost'], the emission of breath being
abrupt, and almost amounting to a whistle.
The sounds of this vowel are [aa*] (/, rice } mind, chine, pine, lion
[laa-u'n], kite); [ih''] (machine, magazine, and other words which, in
received pronunciation, have the sound of e long, as seen, been, fifteen,
gabardine) ; [i] (blind [blur], climb [tlinr], swim, wind, find [fin 4 ], wind,
vb.) ; [ee] (oblige, night, might, sight, right, blight, fright) ; [aey ] (fight,
right [raey t (and) reet']) ; [ao] (stir, birth, mirth, firm, bird, flirt, squirt,
first) ; [uo] (in interchange with the preceding vowel) ; [u] (miracle) ;
ia is [ee'] (briar, liar) ; [aa'] (dialogue [daa'luog], diamond, Messiah);
[ih''] (believe, sieve, grieve, shield, field) ; [aa] (science, quiet, lie,
tie); [i]( friend);
io [aa 1 ] (lion, Sion, violet [vaalut]) ;
iu [aa'uo] (triumph [t'raa'uomp]).
In the refined phase, the sounds of t are [ey (and) e'y] (fine, fire,
XVI LETTER-SOUNDS.
iron); [aa*] (sight, blind); [ao] (first, third, birth); [uy (and) u'y]
(fight, right) ; [e] (girl) ; of ia [ey] ; of ie [ey ] and [e'y] ; of io [ey] ;
of iu [ey uo].
L.
When this consonant immediately precedes d or t, and chiefly when
the vowel is a, o, or dipththong au or ou, it is mute, as in gold, moulder,
solder [saoh''d'ur (and) saow'd'ur], hold [aoh''d], old [ao'h'd (and) uoh' 'dj,
cold, salt, fault, malt, bolt [baowtj.
N.
When In occurs immediately before the termination er of nouns, the
I and n undergo transposition, as in milner [min'lu], and the proper
name Kilner [Kin'lu].
0.
The sounds of this vowel are [e'h'] (who, do, so, most, throne, dole,
more) ; [rh'J and [ih''] (in interchange with the foregoing vowel in most
of the same words) ; [uo] (not, lost, scoff, animosity, apologise [upuol'u-
jaa"z], profit, lot, folly); [ao'] (0, lo ! (and [le'h 5 ]), low, mow, snow);
[ao] (post, host, whole [waol']) ; [u] (of [uv'], or, nor, for) ; [aa] (long,
strong, throng, among, hot [yaat']) ; [o] is a frequent vowel, as in on, open
[op'u'n], and interchanges with [ao] in most words where this vowel
obtains ;
oa is [oa'h'] (coal, foal, road) ; [e'h'] (broad, toad, load);
oe [e*h'J (doe, toe, hoe, sloe) ; [uo*y] (poetry [puo'yt'ri]) ;
oi [:ao-y] (toil, foil, soil) ; [uoy] (point, anoint. Joint, moist, poison) ;
[uoh' 1 ] as in quoit [kuoh' - t, kwuoh''t], is an exceptional vowel sound;
oo [i'h'] and [ih''], the first usually employed monosyllabically, or in
pause (proof, stool, book, door, goose, choose, moon, look, boot, booty, noon) ;
[e'h'] (room);
ou [oo'] (sound, hound, surround, thou, poultry, house, sour, round) ;
[i'h'] (truth, enough, tough) ; [ih''] (cough, youth, though) ; [e'h'] (fought) ;
uo] (trouble, mourn, Journey) ; [aow] (soup, four, sought, brought, thought);
ow is also sounded [oo - ] in such words as cow, now, bow, brown, town,
shower, dowry ; but in others, as low, bestow, snow, grow, below, [ao - ] is
the vowel, to which [h'] accretes before a following consonant. Some
of the words of this class, as low, snow, below, have the interchangeable
vowel [e'h'].
In the refined phase, the sounds of are [ao'] (who, so, post, over,
hosier [ao'zur], note); [u*] (for, torment (sb. and vb.), mortar, sorrow);
[u] (not, long, on, among) ; [uw], with [aow] in interchange, to some
extent, (do, down, cow, how) ; of oa [ao'] ; of oe [ao'] ; of oi [u'y] (poison,
noise, moist, toil, soil, point). In quoit, the vowel is, exceptionally,
[kwao't (and) kao't]. Of oo [uw], with [aow] in interchange, to some
extent; of ou [aow], with [uw] in some interchange, (sound, fiour,
flower, poultry) ; [u] (tough, though) ; and [u'] (mourn, bourn, journey
[ju'nu]). The refined form of ow is [aow], with some interchange of
[uw'], in such words as cow, now, bow, brown, town, shower, dowry ; and
[uw], in such as low, bestow, snow, grow, below.
P.
On the part of a class, whose use of the dialect is free, but not broad,
there is a tendency to change the usual sound of ph for that of a simple
LETTER-SOUNDS. XVU
p. The following words are habitually subjected to this treatment by
the class of people indicated : pheasant [piz-u'nt], physician [puzL.shu'n],
photograph [paot'ugraap], philosopher [filo..supu], philosophy [pilo..supi]
(with a caprice of treatment), ' sumphy ' (i. e. marshy ; of the nature of
a quagmire), [suom'pi], camphor [kaanrpru (and) kaanrfru], sulphur
[suol'pru (and) suol'fru], blasphemy [blaas'pumi], orphan [ao'h'pun
familiar speech is abbreviated to [PiT], as also Humphrey to [Uomp'].
Murphy and Morphet, proper names, are pronounced, respectively,
[Maor'pi, Muor'pi] and [Mur-pit,Muorpit]. Amphitheatre is also treated
in the same manner [aampiti'h'tu]. The peculiar pronunciation of the
digraph ph in this list of words is not equally representative of southern
speech; nevertheless, the last form, abbreviated to ' Ampy' [aanvpi],
was, in the dialect, the designation of a popular place of amusement at
Leeds.
a.
In the word quaint, there are individual speakers who, in pronuncia-
tion, elide the q, so as to render the word, as nearly as possible, [weh/'nt].
To quick, in all its parts, simple and compound, is attached the same
peculiarity. But in quilt, the initial letter is displaced by t [twilt'J.
E.
This letter is not often trilled, apart from an initial position, and,
when heard, the trill is of a varying character, and seldom a forcible one.
A dental r is invariably employed in many words.
In other words, haying e, i, or u for vowel, followed by r, this letter
is often transposed, as in curd [kruod'J, bird [bruod* (also) buor'd' (and)
baod'], sherd [shred'], burst [bruost*], grin [gu'r'n, gi'r'n, (also) gie'n
(and, but seldomer), g:i'n], cistern [sis't'run], lectern [lik't'run], lantern
[laan't'run], western [wis't'run], and generally in this class of word
which receives the accent on the first syllable. So, too, there is often a
transposition in burn, and burnt, and systematically again in furmenty
[fruom'uti], thirty [thruot'i], spurt [spraot'], camphor [kaanrfru], sul-
phur [suol'fru], interest [in't'ruost]. The last word would, however, be
spelt, by dialect speakers, ' intrust,' and the refined pronunciations are
essentially distinct from the vulgar, being [in'turist (and) in'trist],
The sound of this letter in such words as measure, pleasure, treasure
is that of z, and, to the ear, the termination ends with the following
vowel [miz'u, pliz'u, t'riz-u]. This is the rule, also, in regard to other
words which, in ordinary usage, associate the ' tsh ' sound with the
digraph tu, as in nature [ne'h'tu], venture [vin'tu], furniture [faonitu],
future [fiwtu, fih''tu], picture [pik'tu], scripture [skrip'tu], manufacture
[maanifaak'tu], seizure [si'h'zu], rupture [ruop'tu]. Also in other words,
with a differing termination, as punctual [puong'tu'l], mutual [miwiu'l],
righteous [raa'tih's], question [kwis'tun]. In each list the tf's are usually
all more or less of a dental character.
T.
This consonant is, also, like d, often heard with a slightly thick, or
XV111 LETTER-SOUNDS.
semi-dental sound, as an initial and as a final letter. In other positions
t is a distinctly dental letter.
In participles with the sound of pt occurring finally only the first
letter is heard in dialect speech, as in slept [slep'], wept [wep*], kept
[kep*], swept [swep*], crept [krep'], (other forms being [krip-, kraop-,
kruop-, (and) kraap 1 ]). So, also, in the past tenses of heap 'heapt'
[ep*], and leap 'leapt' [lep*]. When, however, the vowel proper [on~\
of the last verb is employed, then the final t is heard in the participles
('loupt' [laowpt]). The participles stript and ' grapt' (p. t. of grip)
have also the final letter mute in pronunciation ([st'rip*, graap-]), but
this treatment is exceptional to their class.
U.
The sounds of this vowel are [uo] (tub, up, under [uon'd'u], snuff,
stuff, sun) ; [ih'*] (duke, rebuke, flute, sugar, sure, rhubarb [rih''buob], mul-
titude [muol'titih'd], refuse); [:rw] (use; also with [:rh'J for vowel, and
with initial y added, in each case) ; [ao] (hurt, spurt] ; [i] (much, such,
just ; and with [uo] for vowel, in the case of the last word) ;
ua is [e-h'J (quart, persuade (also with [i'h'J for vowel), adequate
(not spoken), guard, guardian, Stuart proper name) ; [aa] (squander
[skwaan-d'u], guarantee [gaar-unt:rh']);
ue [i'h'] (true, flue-, blue, revenue [rivini"h'], rue, subdue [suobdi'h']) ;
[i] (quench, guest, conquest [kuong'kwist]) ;
ui [aa*] (guide, guile,, disguise] ; [ih' ! ] (suit, fruit, juice ; in other words,
as recruit, the vowel is of a medial character) [i] (guilt, built) ; [uo]
(quit, quirk, squirt, squirrel) ; but these are exceptional instances, and in
the last three words the vowel is in full interchange with [ao] ;
uo [uo'h'] (quote).
In the refined phase, the sounds of U are [ao] (hurl, churl, under,
curse, humble, grumble, murder, stun, burden, curtain) ; [uo] (suffer,
blunt) ; [uu] (tub, up, stuff) ; [yaow] (use, union, universe, and, without
initial y, rhubarb) ; [uw] (duke, flute, mute, subdue [saobduw], cue, abuse
[ubuwz] vb., [ubuws] sb.); of ua [u ] (quart, guard, guarantee, with
medial vowel [g:u*runtaey]), [ar] (persuade, quake), and [aa] (squander,
quantity); of ue [aow] (true, blue, rue, hue, with initial y for h), [i]
(guest, conquest, quench), and [iw] (revenue [riviniw (when read, but
[riv'ini-'h'] when spoken), fuel); of ui [aow] (juice, bruise), [uw] (recruit,
fruit, suit), [a'e] (guilt, built, guide, guile, quit, disguise, quill), and [ao}
(squirt, squirrel, quirk) ; of uo [ao*] (quote, quorum).
V.
In some of the commonest verbs and simple singular nouns there is
a constant disposition to sound v for/, as in calf [kao'h'v], half [ao'h'v],
sheaf [shaav], stave [staav'], and though not in safe, yet, on occasions,
exceptionally, in the compound vouchsafe [viuochsi'h'v] ; also in scarf
[skaa'v], unless the vowel is [e'h'], which is the commoner form; in
'neaf,' fist [ni'h'v], deaf, vb. [di'h'v], delf, sb. [dilv], ' thafe,' p. t. of
thieve [the'h'v], elf [ilv], leaf [Irh'v], Aoo/[uo*v, :rh'v], scurf [skuor'v].
In words of which the vowel is i or u there are exceptions to the rule
illustrated by the foregoing words.
In two or three common nouns, v displaces b, systematically, as in
gable [g:rh'vu'l] , and shoeband [shuov'u'n]. In the term ' hubbleshoiu '
(a confused noise) v also, at times, takes the place of b [uovu'lshoo"].
LETTER-SOUNDS ACCENT. XIX
Conversely, however, there are as many instances where b takes the
place of v, but the class of word varies, as in navel, sb. [ne'h'bu'l], rivet,
vb. [reb'it (and) rib 'it], frivolous, adj. [frib'lus].
In over, and its compounds, v has the sound of lu [aowh'].
In several words, this letter has the soft sound of s, as in axle [aas'u'l],
next [n:i'st (and) nikst], Haxby (the name of a place), [Aas-bi], six
[s:i's] ; also in ' ax'= l aks' ask [aas*].
y.
When the sound of y is equivalent to i long, it falls into the same
category as this vowel, and is represented in dialect speech by [aa*],
as in rhyme [raa'm], sly [slaa-], fly [flaa'], justify [juostifaa'].
This letter is, with great frequency, added initially to a word begin-
ning with a vowel ; or is put in the place of h, when this letter, followed
by a vowel, begins the word. This is a process, however, which often
entirely changes the vowel, as in hot [uot', yaat'], acre [e'h'ku, yaak'u].
The vowels which chiefly acquire y, in the way indicated, are a and o.
The vowel e also receives the form, but in a less noticeable way.
ACCENT.
The mode of accentuation in the dialect speech is not in entire con-
formity with modern usage.
Words of two syllables are, in all but exceptional instances, as com-
pound, sb., adj., and vb. [kuompuo'nd], accented according to rule.
Words of three syllables, having a final long vowel, are commonly
accented on the last syllable, as reconcile [rikunsaa'l], remonstrate (not
a spoken word, but, when read, pronounced [rimuonst're'h't], calculate
[kaalkile'h't], celebrate [silibre'h't], circulate [saokule'h't], and words
generally which terminate in ate; jubilee [jiwbilee*], distribute [dist'ri-
biwt], signify [signifaa*], multiply [miuoltiplaa*], and words generally
terminating with the sound of i long. To a great extent, trisyllables
with a final short vowel have the accent on the penult if marked by
short a, as relative [rile'h'tiv], combatant (not spoken) [kuombaat'u'nt].
Words of four syllables are also, to a great extent, affected peculiarly
in having the accent on the penult, as indicative [:indike'h'tiv], circum-
stances [sraokumstaan-siz], antiquary [:aantikwe'h'ri], and, outside the
vocabulary, such other words as subsequently [s:uobsikwin'tli], super-
fluous [srih'pufli'h's], munificent [nr.ih'nifis-u'nt], infinitive [:infinaa'tiv],
leviathan [l:ih'vi-e*h'thun], imperfectly [:impufik'tli] (with an occasional
elision of the t, on the part of those who are accounted bad speakers).
There are exceptional pronunciations, as iniquity [:in*ikwiti]. Other
words conform to the verb in sound, as lamentable [leh'mnrtubu'l].
When the last syllable has a for its vowel, it either receives the accent
alone, as in communicate [kuomih'nike'h't], or the accent on the proper
syllable is shared in a degree by the last, as in legitimate [lijit'imie'h't],
negotiate [niguo'h'ti:e'h't].
Words of five or more syllables are accented according to rule,
XX ACCENT SUBSTANTIVES.
unless terminating in le or y, or that the vowel of the penult is a, in
which case stress and length are restricted to this syllable, as in imagin-
ative [imaajine'h'tiv], accommodating [ukaomude'h'tin] ; the words of
this class which are in use in spoken speech being comparatively few.
When the termination is marked by le or y, there is also a tendency to
adapt the pronunciation to ' the indicated rule, as in immoderately
[imuod'ureh''tli], immensurable [iminsureh''bu'l] ; and when it occurs
that both the antepenult and the penult have a for vowel, the accent
falls on the former, as in incomparable [inkuompe'h'rubu'l]. But these
are quite exceptional pronunciations, and, as a list, vary, as does irre-
vocable [irivuo'h'kubu'l], which, like many other words, maintains the
sound of the verb.
SUBSTANTIVES.
THE POSSESSIVE CASE.
In the possessive case, the usual 's is, by rule, unheard. ' T' lad
stick' [Tlaad* stik'], the lad's stick. This rule is also followed when
nouns in the possessive case occur in succession. ' T' lad father stick '
[Tlaad- fi'h'd'u stik'].
GENDER.
In regard to the gender of substantives, it may be stated, broadly,
that there is a general disposition either to employ different words
representatively, or to effect this purpose of distinction loosely by the
addition of some qualifying word, as * dam elephant,' in respect of an
elephantess, and * he-' and ' she-tiger,' for a tiger and tigress, respectively.
In very many cases, the modern way of denoting the sex of animals and
objects, by a suffix to the noun, is discarded as effeminate.
ADJECTIVES.
Not only do single syllable adjectives form their comparative by the
addition of er, with est for the superlative, but those of two or more
syllables also follow this rule.
To the following list of words which are compared irregularly in
ordinary English, the Mid- Yorkshire dialect forms are added in glossic,
within brackets.
Bad [baad'] Worse [waa's] ) equally Worst [waa'st]
[waa'r] ) common
[waa'sur]
Far [faa-r] Farther [faa'd'u] Farthest
[faa-ru]
Fore [fu'r] Former [firrau] Foremost
First
faa-d'ist]
faa'rist]
fu'must]
fu-meh'st]
faost']
ADJECTIVES. XXI
best']
bef'u'rist]
Ibet'-u'niust]
bet' *u'ru
Good [gi'h'd] Better [bef'ur] Best
[gi'h'd'ur]thelast
m relation to sub-
stance, mood of mind,
or inanimate objects
generally.
The several superlative forms are much heard. [Bef'u'ru] may,
however, be more properly distinguished as a comparative of a higher
degree. It is often employed in conjunction with [bef'ur] when a
superlative meaning is not intended to be conveyed.
Late [li'h't] Later [li'h't'ur] Latest [li'h'tist
Last [laast']
It must be noted that the definite article [f] is always heard with
last [tlaast'] and under no circumstances whatever is there a departure
from this rule.
Little [laa'tu'l] Less [les'] Least [Irh'st]
[laa'l] " [les-u] [laa'tlist]
[laa'tlu] [laa'list]
[laalu] [lesist]
In the last case, and also in the comparative forms, the vowel [e]
interchanges with [i].
Many [muoni] More [me'h'r] Most [me'h'st]
Much [mich']
[mik'u'l] [mik'lur] . [mik'list]
Near [nrh'r] Nearer [ni'h'd'ur] Nearest [ni'h'd'ist]
[ni'h'd'umust]
[nrh'must]
Old [ao-h'd] Older [ao'h'd'ur] Oldest [ao'h'd'ist]
When an adjective is formed by the affix ern, the vowel and the r
are invariably transposed [run'].
When formed by the affix ly, s is added [liz p ].
The demonstrative forms the one and the other contract and are in
constant use as [te'h'n, ti'h'n, tao*n (ref.)] and [tuod''ur, tid''ur].
Each is not heard, the equivalent for this term being ' one and the
other ' [yaan* un p tid'-ur], or, in some positions, ' ilka ' [il'ku], which
word also supplies the place of every.
At the has its usual form in 'at t" [aat']. At, as a single word,
often receives the addition of en [aat'u'n], chiefly before a vowel, but
also frequently when preceding the definite article. ' He 's at the door '
[:I'z aat'u'n t di'h'r]. [Chaucer has atte before a consonant, but atten
before a vowel. In both cases the suffix is put for A.S. \>am, the dat.
sing, of the def. article. W. W. S.]
Where, under the ordinary rule, the termination ish occurs, there is
in dialect speech a substitution of ' like ' [laa'k].
The termination en is in a great measure ignored, but not to the
extent usual in town dialect, in which adjectives vigorously assert sub-
stantive forms, however ungainly, unless the word may be sounded as
a monosyllable. ' A wood spoon ' [U wuod* spuo'yn] ; ' a stown (stolen)
coat ' [U staow'n kaoyt']. (Leeds.) Alike in rural and town dialect, y,
as an adjectival termination, is common when the sense of the word
implies flavour, or mixture, and general in cases where the ordinary
Xxii ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS.
equivalent is the simple substantive form. * Tarty ' [te'h'ti], tart, or
aciduous; 'irony' [aa'runi], mixed with iron; 'browny 7 [broo'ni], of
a brown colour. (Mid-Yorks.)
Disyllables ending in al and He are usually compared by er and est,
and not by more and most, as ordinarily.
Note, In Dr Murray's ' Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland,'
page 186, there is a note of quotation from the Rev. J. 0. Atkinson's
Cleveland Glossary, respecting the demonstrative forms current in the
last-named locality. They are said to be " four forms, theea, thor, thease,
and thors or thoase, of which the two in -s are used as plurals of this,
and the two without -s as plurals of that."
In connection with this note, it may be of use to explain the Mid-
Yorkshire usage with regard to these forms, and with a little more
fulness.
' Theea ' [dhrh'] is often put in opposition with that, to save repeti-
tion, and is a clear gain of a word in speech. Thus, where, in received
English, a meaning could only be expressed by the phrase, 'neither
that one nor the other,' or by a similar one, the dialect would accom-
plish it by ' neither that nor there (or ' theea') one 7 [ne'h'd'u dhaat' nu
dhrh' yaan*]. The form is much heard in other ways, with an allied
meaning, but it is essentially a helping form, and does not usually take
the place of the simple word that. ' It ; s neither thea thing nor the other '
[Its' ne'h'd'u dhi'h' theyng* nu tid''u]. In this sentence, the word can
scarcely be said to displace that. [Dhi'h'] is, however, most usually
heard as the pronunciation of they, but chiefly on the part of old people ;
the more general form being [dhe'h 7 ], and always, in each case, with
the loss of the last element before a vowel. With quaint speakers,
4 thor ' [dhaor''] takes the place of those; and, for these, the form ' thease '
[dhi'h'z] is universally employed, north and south, in the county. For
those, 'them' [dhinv] is the more general Mid -Yorkshire equivalent,
and ' thoase ' [dhuo'h'z] is a semi-refined form, restricted to a correspond-
ing habit of speech. The Cleveland Glossary form ' thors ' [dhao'h'z] is
also very strictly of this character, but is not readily employed. It is
avoided by consistent speakers, who adopt [dhao'z], under all circum-
stances.
PRONOUNS.
The pronouns, with the -varying forms common to Mid- Yorkshire,
are as follows :
Sing. Dialect Equivalent. Plur. Dialect Equivalent.
Nom. I [Aa-, I] We [Wey, wi, wu, uz-]
[Aa] is quite often short, but in respect of this quantity is entirely
dependent on position and character in a sentence.
[I] is a peculiar sound, and, as indicated, only represented by this
letter as a glossic symbol. In rural and town dialect alike, the form is
characteristic of interrogative sentences. * Will Eh ? ' Shall I? ' Mun
Eh ? 'Must I ? Its use in town dialect is, however, especially restricted
to sentences of the kind shown, while in rural dialect it is put to a pecu-
liar use. In such a sentence as, / will do that, too, while I am at it, the
form ' Eh ' [I] is, in town dialect, an impossibility. In, for example,
the Leeds dialect, the rendering would be [Aal' diw dhaat' tiw waal'
Aa 'aanr aar it'] ; but in Mid- Yorkshire dialect [Aal di'h' dhaat' ti'h'
PRONOUNS. XX111
waa'l I *iz' aat* it'] (the last pronoun being also frequently quite un-
heard) * at'=at it [aatt'J. There may be, too, an interchange of [Aa]
with the form [I]. But the use of this form, in any degree, infallibly
distinguishes rural from town dialect.
[Wi, wu]. These forms are unemphatic.
[Uz'] (the pronunciation of us) is occasional, and the vowel inter-
changes with [uo], this being always the sound when constituting part
of the initial word of a sentence.
SMine [Maa*n, rnuyn* (ref.)]. Our [Oo'h', wur', uz', oa'h' (ref.),
aowh' (ref.), ao'h' (market-
i town ref.)].
( My [Maa*, mu, mi, uz', Ours [Oo'h'z, uoziz, oa'h'z (ref.),
muy (ref.)]. aow'h'z (ref.), ao'h'z (mar-
ket-town ref.)].
Occasionally there is heard a possessive suffix -es, namely, ' mines '
[maa'nz]. The word own, pronounced [ao-h'n], is also frequently added
to the simple form, and constitutes a compound possessive. It is chiefly
employed in pet phrases. 'Thou's mine own bairn!' [Dhuo'z min'
ao'h'n be'h'n !]. Or, in a more idiomatic phrase, ' Thou nown bairn ! '
[Dhuo* 'nap-h'n be-h'n!].
[Mu, mi]. Unemphatic. The first form is usually prefixed to words
of endearment. ' Come, my bairn ! ' [Kuonr (very often with the vowel
long) mu be'h'n !]. The initial letter of the noun is, by rule, a consonant.
The last form is in free use.
FZ'] (sing.). Occasional.
Vur']. Unemphatic.
Foz'iz] i. e. ' us's.' Occasional, and (but to a less extent) in town
as well as rural dialect.
[Ao'h'z]. In several Yorkshire localities, a long varying vowel,
without a final element, distinguishes this pronoun, as the [u'z] of the
extreme north, and the [aa'z] of the south.
Obj. Me [Maey, mu, uz', mee', Us [Uoz'].
mey* (and) muy (ref.)].
[Mu]. Unemphatic.
[Mee*]. Mostly heard in pause.
( Thou [Dhoo', tu, dhaow, Ye ) [Yey (also ref.), yee', yu,
Nom. < dhu, dhuw (ref.)]. You ) yaow (ref.)].
(You [Yee', yey (ref.),
yaow (ref.), yuw
(ref.)].
[Dhoo']. In emphasis. In sharp utterance, there is a distinct change
of vowel to [uo], and as the quantity of [oo - ], when used, is very com-
monly of inordinate length, the sounds contrast greatly.
The use of the nominative thou, for the objective thee, is restricted
and general to rural dialect. ' He shall not go.' * He will for thoo '
will in spite of you will be the contradictory response of a second
person, relative to a third. [Ee' saan'ut gaan'. I wil' fu 'dhoo-J.
Thou, along with the rest of the forms of the second person singular,
though naturally the expression of familiar feeling, is yet associated
with contemptuous treatment on the part of a speaker. When this
treatment is resorted to, it would be impossible to exceed the deliberate
tone and length of the vowel, and in this character the word is peculiarly
PRONOUNS.
expressive. Towards superiors, the objective case of the second person
plural is, as a matter of course, employed, but under circumstances of
strong feeling it is apt to be changed for thou, and without that sense
of unpardonable vulgarity which would attach to the form if used in a
like manner in ordinary conversation.
[Tu]. Unemphatic, and frequently as close a contraction as [tu'].
The mistake is invariably made by listeners of supposing this form to
represent the objective case, and in the endeavour to render the dialect
approximately, local writers resort to a variety of means in order to
convey the sound indicated one of the commonest in general conversa-
tion. On the part of others, whose object is to display force rather
than accuracy in renderings of dialect, the uncontracted form ' thee ' is
often written. It need only be said, that this form is never heard in the
dialect in the nominative case.
Dhuw*]. Unemphatic.
Dhu]. Occasional.
Yu]. Unemphatic.
Yuw']. Unemphatic.
f Thine [Dhaa-n, dhuy'n(ref.)].
Thy [Dhaa% dhi, dhuy Your ) [Yoa'h', yao'h' (m. t.
(ref.)]. ( ref.), yur'].
Poss.^J Your [Yoa'h', yaow'h' (ref.), Yours ( [Yoa-h'z,yaow'h'z,yao'h'z
yao'h' (market-town ) (m. t. ref.), yao'z].
ref.), yur' (the same)].
. Yours [ Yoa'h'z, yaowh'z,
yao'h'z (market-town
ref.), yao'z].
EDhi]. Unemphatic.
Yur-] (sing, and plur.). Unemphatic.
t must be noted that, in familiar intercourse, and in all conversa-
tion with inferiors, or equals, the second person of the possessive case
is usually denoted by thy and thine, in both the singular and plural.
Your and yours are relegated to refined speech.
[Yao'z] (sing, and plur.). Occasional.
5 Thee [Dhey, dhoo', dhu, tu,
YOU cf .:>e
(market -town
yuw (the same)].
[Dhee']. Infrequent. Of the six forms here noted, four ([dhoo*,
dhaow, dhu, tu]) are resolvable into nominatives, being variations of
thou. The right of the last two to be thus considered is made clear by
a comparison of analogous forms. Neither [dhu] nor [tu] are employed
emphatically.
[Yu] (sing, and plural). Unemphatic.
Norn. He [Ey-, ee-, i] They [Dhe'h', dhu].
[I] Unemphatic.
The objectives him and her are often employed nominatively. Pos-
sibly this habit is a mere result of confusion, since these forms are never
employed before a verb in the present or past, though frequently pre-
ceding participles, interrogatively. 'Him bown?' [:I*m boo - n?], He
going ? Tor the plural they } ' them ' is employed.
PRONOUNS. XXV
Their j ) [Dhe-h', dhu]
Poss. His [Ee-z, iz'] Theirs .gi J
[Dhu]. Unempliatic. In the case of this form, and corresponding
ones, r is added when a following word begins with a vowel.
Obj. Him [Eym, inr] Them [Dhinr, dhenr, unr]
[Um] ( = 'em}. Unemphatic, by rule, but in some slight use other-
wise. 'Whether it's um or them there's no counting' [Wid'*u'r its*
um' u 'dhinr dhuz* ne'h' koon-tin], whether it is they or them there is
no way of accounting, or knowing.
Norn. She [Shu, shao, shih'-, They [Dhe'h', dhu]
shey (ref.)]
Her [Aor, u] Their [Dhe'h', dhu]
Hers [Aoz-] " Theirs [Dhe-h'z]
Obj. Her [Aor, u] Them [Dhinr, dhenr, urn*]
Norn. It [It'] They [Dhe-h', dhu]
Poss Its fit- its-1 Tlieir J I [Pke-h', dhu]
Poss. Its [It , its J Theirg | | p)!w).W]
Obj. It [It-] Them [Dhinr, dhem-, um-]
[Its']. The possessive sign 's is only employed at such times when
it would be impossible to make sense without it.
The relatives who and which are frequently superseded by a contrac-
tion of that [ut*], a form much used, too, legitimately. The w in who
(whether a simple or compound word) is n9t heard to any extent in
refined dialect, [a<r] being the more favoured 'form. For which, ' whilk'
[wilk'] is much employed interrogatively by old people.
Why [waa*] is very rarely heard, the common equivalent being
'what for' [waaf fur].
Relative compounds take ' some ' between the words, or undergo other
changes, as in * whomsomever ' [w:eh'msuomivu], whoever (also whoso-
ever, and whomsoever), * whosomever ' [w:eh'- (and) w:ih'suomiv*u], who-
soever, ' whichsomever ' [wichsuomivu], whichever, ' whatsomever ' (and
with added s) [waatsuomivu], whatever. Also, in the case of the adverb
however, ' howsomever,' ' howsomevers ' [oo"suomivuz].
Personal compounds have a treatment which may be exampled in
Myself [mis:e'l, mis'.e'n].
Thyself [dhis:e-l, dhis:e'n], the first vowel in each case changing to
[aa'] under stress.
One's-self [yaanzsre'l, yaanzs:e'n].
Himself [izs:e*l, izsie'n].
Themselves [dhus:e'lz, dhusre'nz],
For the demonstrative those, ' them ' [dhinr] is employed.
The indefinite ^pronouns are, as a class, marked by peculiar pronun-
ciations, as seen in
other, [uod'-ur], forming [tid'*ur] with the def. art. preceding.
any, [uoni] ;
none, [ni'h'n] ;
all, [yaal'];
one another, [yaan- unid'"ur], but as frequently with an increased
idiom [yaan- tid'*ur] ;
XXVI PRONOUNS VERBS.
such, [saa'k] ;
T'ane
up the
_ _. acquiring [h']
before a consonant.
With the second person singular, most verbs, including the auxiliary,
coalesce, and in this form are a marked feature of conversation, as in-
terrogative forms. ' Wilt-thou,' [wil'-tu] ; 'mun-thou' (must-thou),
[muon'tu]; ' does-thou,' [diz'-tu] ; 'munut-thou' (must you not),
[muon'ut-tu] ; ' sanut-thou ' (shall you not), [saan'ut-tu] ; ' loves-thou,'
[luovz'-tu]; ' hears- thou,' [i'h'z-tu] ; ' shifts-thou ' (shift you), [shifs'-
tuj.
VERBS.
Verbs following substantives plural in tne nominative case acquire s.
( The most of them learns nought' [T me'h'st on* urn* li'h'nz n:ao'wt].
Verbs following a pronoun singular have usually also s added. In
the case of intransitives, this is a rule without exception. 'I gangs'
[Aa- gaanz'], I go. 'I rests ' [Aa' lists'], I rest. 1 Among active
auxiliaries, do and let likewise conform to this rule. The remainder of
the verbs of this class do not.
The following illustrations example the treatment, in the dialect, of
an Active Verb which, according to ordinary usage, is conjugated,
according to the * weak ' form.
TO LOVE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa* luovz'] [Wey luov]
[Dhoo' luovz'] [Yey luov']
[Ey luovz.]
When employed unemphatically, the pronouns have changed quanti-
ties, in each case, and may be thus rendered, in order : [Aa, dhuo, I,
wu, yee, dhu]. The stress is with the verb, the vowel of which becomes
long.
Us [uoz*] is also frequently employed incidentally, or in a familiar
strain of speech, in the first person singular and plural in the several
tenses of the indicative mood.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa' luovd'] [Wey luovd']
[Dhoo' luovd'] [Yey luovd']
1 Compare the verbs which in Danish and Swedish are called ' deponent ; ' e.g.
Dan. jeg blues, I blush ; Swed. jag gladjas, I rejoice ; the * being here not the
ordinary inflectional suffix, but short for sik or sig, oneself. W. W. S.
VERBS.
XXV11
PERFECT TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa'v luovd']
[Dhoo'z luovd']
[Eyz luovd*]
Plural.
Wey v luovd']
"Yey'v luovd']
= Dhe-h'v)
T>hi'h'v \ luovd']
'Dhirnz' )
In each case where the (contracted) auxiliary verb is expressed,
expression is optional. Most speakers have a habit of omitting it, and
it may be said that, in practice, the perfect and imperfect tenses are
identical.
PLUPERFECT TENSE.
[Aa'd luovd']
[Dhoo'dzt luovd']
[Eyd luovd']
Plural.
[Weyd luovd-
"Yey d luovd'
Dhe-h'd
= Dhi-h'd
Dhimd* (or}
"Dhim'ud
luovd']
FIRST FUTURE TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa- saal'] or [wil- luov]
[Dhoo* saal'] or [wil* luov]
[Ey saal'] or [wil* luov]
Plural.
"Weyst] or [weyl luov]
"Yeyst] or [yeyl luov]
'Dhe-h'st 1
= Dhe-Vsu'l
Dhe-hl Huov]
= Dhim-sul
Dhim-ul J
The [st] and [su'l] of the plural are really interchangeable forms of
the auxiliary, but the order coincides with their customary degree of
usage in speech. [Corresponding to the Mid. Eng. suld and sal.
W. W. S.]
Singular.
SECOND FUTURE TENSE.
Plural.
Dhoo-l e luovd']
[Eyl e luovd']
IMPEEATIYE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
[Lit* mey luov] [Lit* uoz' luov]
[Dhoo' luov] or [Luov dhoo*] [Yey luov] or [Luov yey]
[Lit- im- luov] [Lit' urn- ) llinv .-i
[Lit'dhim'f illovJ
When deprived of stress, the pronoun of the second person singular
coalesces with the verb [Luovstu]. The corresponding forms in the im-
perative mood of strong verbs also conform to this rule.
XXV111 VERBS.
POTENTIAL MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
I or t kaan ' luov 'j We y i mf -h'] I or
[Dhoo- 1 ^ | or [kaan' luov] [Yey j jl j or [kaan' luov]
[Dhi'h' me'h'] j> or [kaan' luoy]
P>HE$?J
Of tlie vowels [e'h'] and [i'^'] the first is the characteristic pronun-
IMPEBFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa* muod", kuod*, waad*,] or [suod* [Wey muod', kuod", waad',] or
luov] [suod' luov]
[Dhoo* muodst', kuodst', waadsf,] [Yey muod*, kuod', waad',] or
or [suodst' luov] [suod' luov']
[Ey muoS', kuod', waad',] or [suod' [Dhe'h' ) muod', kuod', waad',] or
luov] [Dhinr j [suod' luov]
Many old people are in the habit of employing [ih'], sometimes long,
but usually short, for the vowel in should. The exampled one [uo] is
general to the county, and is heard, too, when the construction of the
verb is altered, as in the south-west, where the retention of the liquid
[suold'] is a peculiarity.
' Mought ' [maowt'], for might, is also heard, at times, in the second
and third persons singular and plural.
The above remarks have an equal application to the corresponding
forms in the pluperfect tense.
PERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
.] [Wey
[Dhi'h' nie-h'z] }- or [kaanz* e
' '
[Dhinr
mrhxj j
VERBS.
XXIX
The pronouns of the third person singular and the first and second
persons plural have [ee'] for their most usual vowel, and the exampled
one is but introduced to preserve a desirable uniformity wherever pos-
sible. In this tense, as also in the present tense of the verb, the vowel
of the auxiliary only becomes [e'h'] and [i'h'] when marked by stress or
At other times, it is [u].
PLUPERFECT TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa* muod', kuod', waad*,] or [suod*
e luovd*]
[Dhoo' muodst', kuodst', waadst',]
or [suodst- e luovd*]
[Ey muod', kuod*, waad',] or [suod*
e luovd']
Plural.
[Wey muod', kuod*, waad*,] or
[suod ! e luovd']
[Yey muod', kuod*, waad*,] or
[suod* e luovd*]
[Dhe'h' ) muod', kuod*, waad',]
[Dhim* } or [suod' e luovd']
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.
[If* Aa* luovz*]
[If-
dhoo' luovz*]
Plural.
[If* wey luov]
[If* yey luov]
[If* ey luovz'] [If' < dhrh' \
( dhim* luovz']
' An ' [un 1 , aan*] is a form of conjunction much in use, but is not
employed when the stress lies on the following word. 'Gif' [gif*] is
also used, under the same condition, but is rarely heard as an initial
word, in wMch position an ' is at all times readily placed.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Present. Perfect.
[Ti-h 5 luov] [Tuv e* luovd']
The rendering of the present of to ([ti'h']) is as when marked by
stress, or emphasis. When the stress or emphasis is with the verb alone
[tu] is the pronunciation.
Present. Perfect. Compound Perfect.
[Luovin] [Luovu'n] [Evin luov'u'n]
[Luovd'] [Evin luovd*]
EXAMPLE OF THE TREATMENT OF A STEONG VEEB.
TO WRITE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa* raa'ts]
[Dhoo* raa'ts]
Plural.
[Wey raa't]
[Yey raa*t]
XXX VERBS.
Singular. Plural.
In the refined phase, the verb is [reyts], in the several persons, in
both the singular and plural.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa* re-h't]
[Dhoo- re-h't]
[Ey re-h't]
There is an equal interchange of [i"h'] wi
~Wey re-h't]
= Yey re-h't]
Dhe-h'
Dhirn'
h the vowel of the verb.
re-h't]
In the refined phase, the verb, in both singular and plural, is [rao't].
IMPERATIVE.
[Raa-t]
INFINITIVE.
[Ti'h' raa'tl
Present Participle. Perfect Participk.
[Baa-tin] [Eit'u'n]
[Kuot'u'n] is an occasional form of the perfect participle.
The conjugation of the strong verbs is associated with a varied
change of vowel, and of participial endings. To deal with these satis-
factorily, they must be dealt with singly. The following list of verbs,
comprising all, or nearly all, the simple ones that are strong in received
speech, have their manner of conjugation in the dialect shown. The
chief of the common defective verbs, and several characteristic weak
verbs, are also included ; together with several words peculiar to the
dialect, being either equivalents, or of use in showing the assimilative
character of such forms. The list has not been encumbered with these
last words, which, to assist the eye, are given in small capitals. 1
Where pronunciations are more than one, they are severally placed
in the order of their habitual use, though in many cases a form has not
been placed without hesitation; one being almost if not equally as
much used as another.
When N. follows a verb, it is meant that the pronunciation given is
peculiar to Lower Nidderdale. All else are Mid-Yorkshire pronunciations.
The abbreviation ref. will be understood as referring to the peasants'
refined phase of dialect.
1 This list should be compared with that in Dr Morris's Historical Outlines ot
English Accidence, pp. 287 313. It is hardly necessary to observe that a large
number of the forms here treated as dialectal a're actually found in Early English
MSS. For example, six references are given in Grein's A.S. Dictionary to pas-
sages in which brungcn occurs as the past participle of bring an, to bring. W. W . S.
VERBS.
XXXI
Verb (pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense. Perf. Part.
Abide [Baa-d] [Beh'-d] [Baod'u'n]
[Baod-] [Bid-u'n]
[Baad-] [Buod'uXj
Tlie [ao] also gives place to [o], in both the past and the participle
Am [Iz-] [Waa-r] [Been']
[Bin-]
[Iz-] ref. [Waaz-] ref. [Beyn'] ref.
Awake [Waak'u'n] [Waak'u'n] [Waak'u'nd]
The peasants' ref. takes [e'h'] for the first vowel in the various parts ;
the market-town ref. [ar].
Bear (to bring
forth; to carry)
[Bi-h'r]
[Be-h'r]
[Baa-r] N.
[Buo-h'n]
[Bao-h'n]
[B:i-h'd] (occa-
sional).
Beat (to van-
[Bi-h'r]
[Bet-]
[Bet-u'n]
quish, or over-
[Bih'-tu'n]
come)
Begin
[Bigin-]
igaan*]
iguon"]
igiwn-] N.
Biguon"]
;Bigih J -n]
^Bigiwn-] N.
Bend (weak)
[Bind-]
[Bint']
"Bin-did]
Xinf]
Bereave
[Biri-h'v]
[Birrh'vd]
'Biriv'u'n]
^iri-h'vu'n]
Beseech
[Bisi'h'ch]
[Bisaowt-]
[Bisih'-cht]
'Bisaowt'u'n]
Bisaowt *]
iBisi-h'chtl
[Biseych]
Also [bisi'k], in the present
though not restricted to refined
ref. [Biseycht'] ref. [Biseycht'] ref.
. Some employ [biseyk], but this form,
speech, is looked upon as belonging to it.
Bid
[Bid-]
[Baad-]
[Bod-]
[Bid-u'n]
[Bod-u'n]
BIG (to build)
[Big']
[Bigd-]
[Big-u'n]
Bind
[Bind-]
[Buon-]
[Buon-]
[Baan-]
Bite
[Baa-t]
[Be-h't]
[Bifu'n] f
Bleed '
[Bli-h'd]
[Blid-]
[Bled-]
,
[Bled-]
[Bled-u'n]
[Blaad-]
[BUd-u'n]
fBlih'-didl
In N. the substantive has a vowel-change [bliwd-].
Bless (weak}
[Blis-]
[BHst-]
[BHst-]
[Bles-u'n]
Blow
[Blao-]
[Bliw]
[Blew]
[Blao-h'n]
[Bli-h']
XXX11
VERBS.
Verb (pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense. Per f. Part.
In tlie present of the verb, [h'J is added in pause, and, by rule, before
a consonant. In the past, the last form is, too, only employed before a
consonant.
Break [Brek-] [Braak-] [Brok'u'n]
[Erik-] [Brok-]
Breed [Brih'-d] [Brid-] [Brid'u'n]
[Bred'] [Bred'u'n]
In N. the substantive is subject to a vowel-change [briwd].
[Braowt-]
[Bruong"]
[Bruong-u'n]
[Belt-]
[Baont-]
[Buont-]
[Baond-]
"Bruos-u'n]
[Bos-u'n]
[Buos'u'n]
Braas'u'n]
[Baowt-]
[Kuod-]
[Kiwd-] N.
[Kes-u'n]
[Kis-u'n]
[Kaowt']
[Kaacht r ] [Kaachf]
Not used in the sense of receiving anything thrown. See KEP.
Chide [Chaa-d] [Che'h'd] [Chid'u'n]
Yery seldom used in the present ; there being several words in the
dialect which approach to the meaning of this verb.
Bring
[Bring-]
[Braowt-]
[Braang-]
[Bruong-]
Build (weak)
[Bild-]
[Belt-]
Burn (weak)
[Baon-]
[Buont-]
[Baont-]
In the present,
[o] is frequently
the vowel.
Burst
[Boat-]
[Bruost-]
[Braast-]
[Bost-]
[Bruost-]
Buy (weak]
[Baa-]
[B:aa-y]
[Baowt-]
Can
[Kaan-]
[Kuod-]
[Kiwd-] N.
Cast
[Kest-]
[Kist-]
[Kest-]
Catch (weak)
[Kaach-]
[Kaowt-]
r-r-r- t i -i
Choose
CLAG (weak to
adhere)
Cleave (to split)
[Chi'h'z]
[Chiwz-] N.
[Tlaag-]
[Tli-hV]
[Che-h'z]
[Chi-h'z]
[Chiwzd-] N.
[Chiwz-] N.
For cleave, to adhere, see CLAG.
CLICK (weaJ^-io [THk-]
clutch)
CLIM (to climb) [Tlinv]
[Tleym-] ref.
[Tle-hV]
[Tlikt-]
"Tlaam-]
'Tlorn']
= Tluom-]
[Tleymd-] ref.
[Chi'h'zu'n]
[Chuoz'u'n]
[Choz'u'n]
[Chiwz-u'n] N.
[Tlaagd-] ^
[Tlaag-u'n]
[Tlovu'n]
[Tluoru'n]
[Tlik-u'n]
[Tlikt-]
[Tlom-]
[Tluom-]
[Tleymd-] ref.
VERBS.
xxxm
Verb (pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense. Ferf. Part.
[aa-] interchanges with the vowel in [tlinr], but [i] is most charac-
teristic.
Cling [Tling-] [Tlaang-] [Tluong-]
Clothe [Tle-h'dh] [Tle-h'dhd] [Tluodh'-u'n]
Tlaad-] [Tlaad-]
Tli-h'dhd]
Come [Kuonr] [Kaanr] [Kuomd'J
[Konr]
The present of the verb has very often a long vowel, as is frequently
the case with the participle.
Cost [Kost-] [Kost-] [Kos-u'n]
= Kaoh'-st]
;Kos-]
[Kuost-] [Kuost-] [Kuos'u'n]
The last form is constantly used by some old people.
Crow [Krao-] [Kriw] [Krao-h'n]
In the present, there is the usual final element [h'J before a con-
sonant.
Creep
Curse
[Krih'-p]
[Krep-]
[Kruop*]
[Krop-]
[Kaors-] [Kaost']
[Kuors-] [Kuost-]
In the present, the r is often distinctly trilled,
is no trace of the letter, even in emphasis.
Cut [Kuot-] [Kuot'j
Dare (to ven- [Daa'r] [Dost*]
ture) [Daa-st]
[Duost'J
Some old people employ [dih''st] in the past.
Dare (weak to [Daa'r] [Daa'd]
challenge)
"Krep'u'n]
"Krip'u'n]
Kruop'u'n]
Kaos'u'n]
;Kaost-]
At other times, there
[Kuot'u'n]
[Daa-d]
[Daa'ru'n]
[Daa-ru'n]
[Daa'd]
The r of the participle is often lost [daa'n], and that of the verb,
though heard more frequently, is yet only a permissible letter.
Deal (iveaty [Drh'l]
Dig
Do
[Di-h'ld]
[Dilt-]
[Daag-]
[Duog-]
[Did-]
Di-h'ld]
Dilt-]
;Di-h'lu'n]
;Duog-]
T)uog-u'n]
"Di-h'n]
Diwn-] N.
[Di-h']
[Diw] N.
Do, like other words, only acquires its final element in pause, or be-
fore a consonant. It is through excess of usage in these positions that
[h'] is instinctively added to this and other simple verbs.
Draw [D'rao-h'] [D'riw] [Drao-h'n]
Dread (weak] [D'rid-] [D'ridid] [D'rid'u'n]
[D'raad-]
XXXIV
VERBS.
[D'ris-] [D'rist-]
'D'rist-]
;D'ris-u'n]
[D'ringk-]
[D'reyngk-] ref.
"D'raangk-]
;D'ruongk-] ) -
;D'raongk-] } rej '
;D'ruok-u'n]
D'ruong'ku'n]
D'raong-ku'n]
[D'raa-v]
"D're-h'v]
"D'rov]
= D'ruov]
= Driwv] N
D'rovu'n]
^D'ruovu'n]
'D'riv'u'n]
^Driwvu'n] N.
[Dwil-] [Dwilt-] [Dwilt-]
Verb (pres.}. Dialect form. Past Tense. Perf. Part.
[D'ri-h'd] (pres.), [D'rrh'did] (past), [Drrh'du'n] (part.) are also
heard, but are not characteristic.
Dress (weak)
Drink
Drive
Dwell (weak)
Yery rarely used in conversation.
Eat
Fall
Feed (wedk)
Feel (wedk)
Fight
Find
[Fao-hT]
[Fuo-h'l]
[Feed-]'
[Fih'-d]
[Feyd-]>6/.
[Feel-]
[F:ae-yt]
[Faa'nd] ref.
'Ye-h'tl
= Yaat-]
= Yet-]
= Yit-]
Pel']
Til-]
Fid']
[Fed-]
[Filf]
'Faowt-1
Teh'-t]
"Faand-]
Taan-]
Tuon-
ref.
[Yit'u'n]
[Yet'u'n]
"Fao-hlu'n]
[Fuo-hlu'n]
Z Fid-]
"Fed-]
Tid-u'n]
Fed'u'n]
[Felt-]
[Fot-u'n]
[Faowt-u'n]
[Fuon-]
[Fuond-]
[Foo-nd] ref.
Strictly, these are not to be regarded as refined forms, but as less
used common ones ; the recognised refined ones being
[Feynd-] (pres.) [Fuuwnd-] ) ( t) [Fuuwnd-] ) ( t }
[Fuuwn-] J^ ; [Fuuwn-] J **/
The past and the part, have a yet more refined character in [faownd*]
Flee [Flee-]
FUG (weak to [Flig-]
fledge)
FLITE (to scold) [Flaa-t]
Fling
[Fling-]
[Flif]
[FUd-]
[Fligd-]
[Fle-h't]
[Flaowt-]
"Flaang-"
r ^ =
[Flid-u'n]
[Fligd-]
[Flaowt-]
[Flaowt-u'n]
[Flit-u'n]
[Fluong-]
FLIT (to change [Flit-] [Flit-id] [Flit'u'n]
habitation) [Fluot-] [Fluot'u'n]
[Fluot*] is occasionally heard in the present, but is not an established
form in conversation.
VERBS.
XXXV
Verb (pres.}. Dialect form. Past Tense.
Fly [Flaa-] [Fliw]
[Flee-]
[Flih'-]
The last form of the present is very casual.
Forsake [Fusi'h'k] [Fusi-h'k]
[Fuse-h'k] [Fusaak-]
[Fusiwk-]
The vowel of the prefix interchanges with [ao].
Freeze
Get
Gild (weak]
[Fri-h'z]
[Free-z]
[Git-]
[Gilf]
[Fre-h'z]
[Fraaz-]
[Gaaf]
[Gil-did]
' Gold ' [Goold*] is also used in the same sense, with
past, and [good'u'n] as the participle.
Gird [Gurt-] [Gur'did]
[Guord-] [Guort-]
Perf. Part.
[Flaown-]
[Flih'-n]
"Fusaak-u'n]
usi'h'kt]
Fuse'h'ku'n]r/.
[Fuawk-u'njN.
Fruoz'u'n]
: Froz-u'n]
Trih'-zu'n]
Git-u'n]
Get-u'n] ref.
[Gil-did]
Gil-du'n]
as the
[Gurdun]
= Guor-dun]
Ghrtu'n]
Give [Gi-] [Gaav]
[Gi-h'.v] ref.
[Ge-h'v] ref.
In the present, the vowel is often long even when employed con-
nectedly in speech, but when this is the case a consonant follows. The
use of the vowel in extreme length or shortness in the participle is
remarkable in conversation.
VJU 111
= Gin-1
;Gih'-n]
Go
[Gaang-d]
[Gaand-]
[Wint-]
[Ge-h'n]
In the past [ge'h'd] and [g:i'h'd] are of very casual occurrence. They
are hardly recognised. The present participle is singularly varied in
pronunciation [gaa'in (and) gaayn].
Grave [Gri-hV]
GBEET (to weep) [Greet']
The two last forms of the past are muc
Grind
Grip
Grow
[Gruond-]
[Graa-nd]
[Grip-]
[Graow]
[Gri-h']
[Grao-h'] ref.
[Gre-hV] [Gri'hWn]
;Gri-h'vd]
"Graat-] [Grit'u'n]
X>reh'-t] [Gruot-u'n]
= Gruot-]
;Gret-]
i less employed than the two first.
^Groond-]
^Gruond-]
Gruon-]
[Gruon'did]
^Graap-]
^Gruop']
[Grip-u'n]
[Gruop'u'n]
[Graapt']
[Griw]
"Graown*]
"Grih'-n]
[Graoh'-n] ref.
xxxvi
Verb (pres.}. Dialect form.
Hang (to exe- [Aang-]
cute)
Hang (used of [Ing*]
things)
Have [Ev]
LJ r A i" n r* -f-t
[Ae*] [Aad'] [Aad']
The use of the last past and participial forms is distinctive of rural
dialect.
Hear [Yi'h'r]
VERBS.
Past Tense.
Perf. Part.
[Uong-]
[Aangd-]
[Uong-]
[Aangd-]
[Aang-]
[Uong']
[Uong-]
[Ed']
[Ed-]
Heave
Hew
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
[Yi'h'v]
[Yiw]
[Aa-d]
[Id-]
[Id-i]
[If]
[Aoh'-d]
[Od-] '
[Aot-]
[Yi-h'd]
[Yi-h'vd]
[Yaew]
[Aa-did]
[Id-id]
Yi-h'vu'n]
"Yi-h'vd]
Yi-h'n
[Aat-]
[Od-id]
Some speakers (old people) invariably substitute [uo] for [ao].
iab
Aot-]
Aotid]
;Aa-did]
"Aa-du'n]
Id-id]
Id-u'n]
[It-u'n]
[Od-u'n]
[Aoh'-du'n]
[Aot-u'n]
Keep
KEP (to catch,
or receive)
Kneel
[Keep-]
[Nae-1]
[Nee-1]
There is also a substitution of [ih'*
Knit
[Nif]
_ [Net;]
is habiti
[Kept-]
Kept']
;Kipt-]
'Neyld]
Nee-Id]
Nilt-]
for the vowel.
Nit-id]
Net-id]
[Kepf]
Kep-u'n]
;Ki P t-] "
"Nilt-]
^
The last vowel is habitually heard among old people.
[Net-u'n
Know
Lade
Lay
Lead
Leave
Lend
[Nao-h']
[Le-h'd]
[Niw]
[Naew]
[Le-h'did]
"Le-h'd"
[Li-h'd]
[Li-h'v]
[Lin-]
[Len-]
ref.
[Lid-]
[Lift-]
[Nao-h'n]
[Le-h'du'n]
[Li-h'n]
[Le-h'n] ref.
[Lid'u'n]
[Liff]
[Lint-]
[Lent-]
Some people invariably employ the last form of the past.
VERBS.
XXXV 11
Verb (pres.}.
Let
Lie
[Li-h'n] and
Light
Dialect form.
[Lit']
[Lig']
t'n] ref. t are occasio
Past Tense. Perf. Part.
[Lit-] [Lit-u'n]
[Let-]
-,.... [ Li g'u'n]
participial forms.
[Leet-] [Let-]
[Laa-t] ref. [Lit-]
The last form of the past is not often heard.
Load
Lose
[Le-h'd]
[Los*]
[Luos-]
[Luoh'"z] ref.
[Le-h'did]
[Luost*]
[Los-]
LOWP (to leap) [Laowp-]
[Let-u'n]
[Lit-u'n]
TLe-h'du'nd]
[Le-h'du'n]
"Luost-]
;Lost-]
[Luos-u'n]
"Los-u'n]
[Laowpt']
[Lep-]
[Laowpt*]
[Le'Vp] in the present, [lip*] in the past, with [lipt*] as the partici-
ple, are casual forms, among old people.
Lowz (to loose)
Make
fLaowz']
[Le-h'z]
[Li-h'z]
[Maak-]
[Laow'zd-]
[L:e-h'zd]
[L:i-h'zd]
Laowzu'n]
r Leh'-zd]
Lih'-zd]
Mi-h'd]
Me-h'd] ref.
[Muod-]
[Mi-h'd]
[Me-h'd] ref.
May [Me-h'] [Muod-]
[Maowt-] is also used in the past, by individuals speaking the dialect
broadly. The vowel in [muod] (past) is often heard long. When short,
and associated with an unemphatic delivery, the mute becomes sharp,
but, in pause, not to the extent of a well-defined t.
Mean [Mi-h'n] [Mrh'nd] [Mi-h'nd]
[Mi-yu'n] [Mi"h'nt] [Mi'h'nt]
Meet [Meet-] [Mef] [Met-u'n]
[Meyt] ref. [Mit'] [Mit'u'n]
[ih'-] is often heard for the vowel in the present among mannered old
people.
Mow [Mao-h'] [Miw] [Mao-h'n]
Must [Muon-] [Muod-] [Muod-]
In the past of this verb, too, the last letter has often the t sound.
See MAY. In the present, as well as the past, the vowel is at times heard
long. In running, unemphatic conversation the [uo] is displaced by [u].
Pay [Pe-h'] [Pe-h'd] [Pe'h'd]
[Pih'-d] [Pe-h'n]
The short vowel in the past, where its accompanying form is long,
is a singularity. But the form [pih'-d], being more associated with
quaint speech, and least heard, is, as indicated, got rid of quickly, in
many positions. The vowel [e] in the several forms is also sometimes
heard short.
Pen
Plead
[Pin-]
[Pli-h'd]
[Pind-]
[Plid-]
[Pled-]
[Pind-]
[Plid-u'n]
XXXV111
VERBS.
Verb (pre.}.
Prove
Put
Quit
Dialect form.
[Pri-h'v]
[Priwv] N.
[Puot-]
[Pit-]
[Kwit-]
Past Tense.
[Pri-h'vd]
[Priwvd-] N.
[Puot-]
[Paaf]
[Kwaat-]
[Kwuot-]
[Rid-]
[Red-]
[Rid-]
[Rint-]
Perf. Part.
[Pri-h'vu'n]
[Priwv *u'n] N.
[Puot-u'n]
[Kwit-u'n]
[Kwuot'u'n]
[Rid-u'n]
[Red-u'n]
[Rid-u'n]
[Rint-u'n]
Read [Rih'-d]
RED (to unravel; [Red 1 ]
to unriddle) [Rid-]
Rend [Rind-]
A word that does not belong to the dialect, but may be heard at
chance times in refined speech. Rive and Tear are used in its stead.
See these verbs.
Rid [Rid-] [Red-] [Rid-u'n]
Ride [Raa-d] [Re'h'd] [Rid'u'n]
[Ruod-u'n] is sometimes heard for the participle among old people.
Ring [Ringg'] [Raangg-] [Ruongg-]
Rise [Raa-z] [Re-h'z] [Riz-u'n]
[Ri-h'z]
There is always a disposition among old people to sound [uo] for the
[i] in the participle. The habit is a pronounced one on the part of in-
dividuals.
Rive [Raa-v] [Re-h'v] [Rovu'n]
[Ri-h'v] [Rivu'n]
[Ruovu'n]
The three participial forms are in strictly equal use. The verb is
much used, and in broad dialect takes the place of tear, as well as of
rend.
Rot
Run
Say
See
,uot']
[Ruo-n]
[Rin-]
[Sao-h']
[Suo-h']
[Se-h']
[See-]
[Si-h']
[Saey] i
After the pronoun of the
quently.
Seek [Seek-]
[Sih'-k]
[Saey-k] ref.
Seethe [Sih'-dhJ
[Ruot'id]
[Ruot-u'nd]
[Raat-J
[Raan-]
[Siw]
Sed-]
Sid-]
"See-d]
^-'
Seyd-] ref.
"Ruot'u'n]
;Rot-u'n]
]Ruond-]
Ruon*]
Sao'h'n]
;Suo-h'n]
'See-n]
= Sih'-n]
;Seyn-] ref.
person, the verb has 8 added very fre-
[Saowt']
[Sih'-dhd]
[Saowt-]
[Suodh-u'n]
Not much used, there being an equivalent in SUTHER. See.
VERBS.
XXXIX
Verb (pres.).
Dialect form.
Past Tense.
Per/. Part.
Sell
[Sil-]
[Sild-]
[Seld-]
[Sel-]
[Seld-]
[Sil-u'n]
[SeVu'n]
Send
[Sen']
rSind-1
rSint-1
rSint-1
[Sent*] [Sent-]
ml d's are naturally lost before a consonant.
Sew
[Saow]
[Siw]
[Saown]
[Saowd]
Set
[Sit-]
[Set-]
[Set-]
[Sit-u'n]
[Set-u'n]
Shake
[Shaak-]
[Shaakt-]
[Shiwk-]
[Shaak-u'n]
[Shaakt-]
[She-h'k]
L J
In this word
[ih 5 -] and [eh'-]
are accounted refined ;
the last most so .
Shall
[Saal-]
[Suod-]
[Suod-]
[Sih'-d]
Shape
The note on
[Shaap-]
1 Shake ' applies
[Shaapt-]
equally to this verb.
[Shaap -u'n]
Shear
[Shi-h'r]
[She-h'r]
[Shao-h'n]
[Shi-h'n]
[Shi-h'ru'n]
Shed
[Shid-]
[Shid-]'
[Shid-u'n]
Shine
[Shaa-n]
;She-h'n]
Shuon-]
: Shaon-]
[Shaa-nd]
;Shuo-h'n] ref.
Shoe
[Shi-h']
: Shod-]
"Shuod-]
[Shod-u'n]
[Shuod-u'n]
;Shih'-d]
Shoot
[Shuot-]
[Shuot-]
[Shuot-u'n]
Show
[Shaow]
[Shaowd-]
[Shaown*]
[Shao-] ref.
[Shiw] N.
[Shiwd-] N.
[Shiwn-] N.
Shred
[Shrid-]
[Shred-J
[Shrid-J
[Shrid-u'n]
[Shrid-id]
Shrink
[Shringk-]
[Shraangk*]
[Shruongk-]
[Shruongk*u'n]
Shrive
[Shraa-v]
[Shre-hV]
[Shraa-vu'n]
[Shraa-vd]
Shut
[Shuot-]
[Shuot-]
[Shuot-u'n]
Sing
[Sing-]
[Saang-]
[Suong-]
Sink
[Singk-]
[Saangk-]
[Suongk-]
[Suongk-un]
Sit
[Sit']
[Saat-]
[Sit-u'n]
xl
VERBS.
Verb (pres.]
Slay
Sleep
Slide
Dialect form.
[Slih'-]
[Slih'-p]
[Sleyp-] ref.
[Slaa-d]
Past Tense.
[Sliw]
[Slop-]
[Slipt-]
Perf. Part.
[Sli'h'n]
[Slip-u'n]
[Slep-u'n]
[Slipf] "
[Sled-u'n]
[Sle-h'd]
[Sled-]
Sling [Sling-] [Slaang-] [Sluong-]
Slink [Slingk-] [Slaangk-] [Sluongk-u'n]
[Sluongk-] [Sluongk-]
Slit [Slet-] [Slet-] [Slet-u'n]
SMIT (to infect) [Smit-] [Sme-h't] [Smit'u'n]
[Smaat']
[Smit-id]
To SMITTLE [smit'u'l] is also a verb with the like meaning ; ([smit'u'ld]
p. t., and perf. part.); but the form is more characteristic of southern
dialect.
Smite [Sm:aa-t] [Sme'h't] [Smit'u'n]
Not much used, nor is the vowel in the present ever long.
Snow [Snao-h 5 ] [Sniw] [Snao'h'n]
In the present and participle, [i'h'J is employed occasionally by old
people.
Sow [Sao'h'] [Siw] _[Sao-h'n]
It may again be repeated, that the final element in the present of
the verb is, in conversation, lost before a vowel ; and the only value of
the symbol in place here is to indicate its proportionate, accidental use.
Speak [Spi'h'k] [Spaak-] [Spok'u'n]
[Spe'h'k] ref. [Spuok'u'n]
Speed [Spi-h'd] [Spid-] [Spid-u'n]
SPELDER (to [Spel'd'ur] [Spel'd'ud] [Spel-d'ud]
spell)
Spell is also in use, ([spel'J pres., [speld 1 ] p. t., [spelt'] part, perf.)
Spend
[Spind-]
[Spint-]
The vowel is in some interchange with [e].
verb is usually employed. See WABE.
Spill
Spin
Spit
Split
Spread
[Spint']
[Spin'tu'n]
For to expend, another
[Spin-]
[Spit-]
[Splet-]
[Spri'h'd]
[Spri'h'dh]
[Spild-]
[Spaan']
;Spaat']
= Spuot'] (casual)
[Splet-]
;Splaat']
Spraad']
'Spraod']
^Spre-h'dh]
Spre-h'd]
[Spil'u'n]
[Spilt-]
[Spuon']
[Spit-u'n]
[Spaat'u'n]
[Spuot'u'n](cas.)
[Splet'u'n]
[Spri'h'du'n]
[Spruod-u'n]
VERBS.
xli
Verb (pres.).
Spring
Dialect form. Past Tense.
[Spring'] [Spraang-]
Perf. Part.
[Spruong'J
Stand
[Staan-] [Sti-h'd]
[Stiwd-] N.
[Sti-h'du'n]
[Stuod'u'n] ref.
[Stiwd'u'n-] N.
Steal
[Sti'h'l] [Ste-h'l]
[Staown]
Stick
[Stik-] [Staak-]
[Stuok-u'n]
[Stuok-]
[Stik-u'n] ref.
Sting [Sting-] [Staang-]
[Staang-]
Also without initial s in the present and past of
[Stuong']
the verb.
Stink
Strew
[Stingk-] [Staangk-]
[St'ri-h'] [St'rih'-d]
[St're-h'j [St'reh'-d]
[St'riw] N.
[Stuongk'u'n]
[Stuongk-] "
[St'r:i-h'n]
[St'riwn-] N.
Stride [St'raa'd] [St're'h'd]
[St'ri-h'd]
The past forms of the verb are in equal use.
[St'rid-u'n]
[St'ruod-u'n]
[St'rod-u'n]
Strike
[St'raa-k] [St're'h'k]
[St'raayk] [St'ri'h'k]
rSt'raak-J
[St'riwk'J N.
[St'ruok-u'n]
String
[St'ring-] [St'raang-]
[St'ruong']
Strive
[St'raa'v] [St're-h'v]
[St'ri-h'v]
[St'ruovu'n]
[St'rovu'n]
[St'riwv] N.
[St'rov] is also in some use in the past, as is [sf
>nt, but this latter form is accounted refined.
SUIT (to please; [Sih'-t] [S:i'h'tid]
to satisfy; to [Siwt] [S:rwtid]
fit, or adapt
for)
STTTHEB (to [Suod'-ur] [Suodh'-ud]
Swear
Sweat
[Swi'h']
[Swe-h'r]
tSwu-r] (ref.)
[Swaa-r] N. [Swaa'r] N.
[Swi'h't] [Swaat']
[Swuot-]
[St'riwvu'n] N.
ruov], to a less ex-
[S:i-h'tid]
[S:i'h'tu'n]
[Siwt-u'n] N.
[Suodh'-run]
[Suodh"ud]
[Swao-h'n]
[Swu-n] (ref.)
[Swu'ru'n]
(more ref.)
[Swaa-n] N.
[Swaa-ru'n] N.
[Sw:i'h'tu'n]
[Swit-u'n]
[Swet-u'n]
[Swuot'u'n]
xlii VERBS.
Verb(pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense. Perf. Part.
Sweep [Sweep-] [Swep-] [Swep']
[Swih''p] [Swip'j [Swep-u'n]
[Swaap'J (casual)
The last participle is an occasional form.
Swell [Swel-] [Sweld'J [Sweld']
[Swel'un]
[Swuol'un]
[Swuo-h'lun] rf.
With some speakers, there is a constant inclination to make the
vowel [i] in the past.
Swim [Swim*] [Swaanr] [Swnonr]
[Sworn 1 ]
Swing [Swing 1 ] [Swaang*] [Swuong-]
Take [Taak-] [Te'h'k] [Te'h'n]
[Tii-h'k] [T:i-h'n]
[Tiwk] N.
When [eh'] and [ih'] are in interchange, there is a constant want of
correspondence in the quantity of the vowels. While [eh 5 ] is in variably
sounded long, the tendency is to make [ih'] a medial, or a short vowel.
When old people wish to employ as refined a pronunciation as is possi-
ble to them, with their ingrained habit of speech, they have recourse to
[ti'h'k] in the present. Under the same circumstances, younger people
employ [te'h'k]. The verb is conjugated with s added in the first and
second persons sing., present tense, [Aa* taaks', Dhoo- taaks'], &c.
Teach (weak) [Ti'h'ch] [Taowt'] [Taowt']
Tear [Ti-h'r] [Te-h'r] [Tao-h'n]
[Tao-h r] ref. [Tu'r] ref. [Tu-n] ref.
In the pres. refined, the vowel is often without the final element. In
common speech there is in the participle a distinct interchange of the
vowel with [uo*].
Ten (weak) [Til-] [Tild'J [Tild']
Thaw [Thaow-] [Thaowd'] [Thaown-]
[Thaowd-]
Think [Thingk'] [Thaowt'] [Thaowt']
[Thuongk-] [Thuongk']
The last form is less employed participially than in the past, in
which tense it is of constant occurrence.
Thrash (weak) [Thresh-] [Thresht-] [Thresht-]
[Thrish-] [Thrishf]
[Thraash-]
In the participle, [i] is sometimes the vowel, but the very usual one
is [e]. Southward, this is the vowel in all the parts ; [aa] being charac-
teristic of northern dialect.
"Thred-1
Thread [Thrrh'd] [Thred-]
[Thrid-] ref. [Thrid'] ref.
Thrive [Thraa'v] [Thre'h'v]
[Throv]
[Thriwv] N.
Thri-h'did
h'did]
d-u'n]
Thrid-u'n] ref.
[Thrivu'n]
Throvu'n]
Thruovu ; n]
Individual old people persist in employing [thraav] in the past, with
VERBS.
xliii
an occasional use of [thraavu'n] as the participle,
is regarded as an eccentricity.
Locally, this habit
Verb (pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense.
Throw [Thrao-] [Thriw]
[Thraew]
[Thrao-] acquires the usual [h'] before a consonant.
Thrust
Toss
Tread
[Thruost-]
[T'ruost-]
[Tuos-]
[Thraast-]
[Tuost-]
Perf. Part.
[Thrao-h'n]
[Thruos-u'n]
"Tuost-]
[Tuos-u'n]
: T'rod-u'n]
"T'ruod-u'nl
Trid-u'n]
'ri-h'd] [T're-h'd]
rid-] ref. [T'raad']
[T'rid-id] ref.
There are other refined forms. [T'ruo'h'd] is employed in the past
as a refined form by both old and young among the peasantry; and
[trao'd] is employed in the past in the refined dialect characteristic of
the market-towns.
Treat [T'rrh't] [T'rit'] [T'rit'u'n]
Tret-u'n]
: T'r:i-h'tu'n]
T'rirh'tid]
[T'ret-]
These various forms are all employed conversationally.
Twine
WARE
pend)
(to ex-
[Twaa-n]
[We-h'r]
[Waa-r] N.
Twaavnd]
Twuon f ]
Twaan-]
: We-h'd]
r Waa-d] N.
[Twaa-nd]
[Twuon-]
[We-h'd]
.u> >,
IVe-h'ru'n]
Waa-d] N.
;Waa-ru'n] N.
Wash (weak) [Weslr] [Wesht'] Wesht']
[Waesh-] ref. [Waesht'] ref. [Waesht-] ref.
W&x(v.a.weak) [Waaks-] [Waakst'] [Waakst']
In a neuter sense, the participle may also be formed by the usual
addition of en to the verb [waaks'u'n].
Wear [Wrh'r] [We'h'r] [Wao'h'n]
[Waa-r] N. [Waa-n] N.
There is also a distinct interchange of [uo'] with [ao-J in the partici-
ple, and, in charactered speech, the former vowel is invariably alone
heard in such words as the one exampled.
Weave [Wrh'v] [We'h'v] [Wuovu'n]
[Wuo'h'v] ref. [Wovu'n]
[Wevu'n] (cas.)
[Wuo'h'vu'njr/.
Weep [Wep-]
This is the usual form of the past of this verb. Weep has its dialect
nTrolo-n^- -IT* * T/-\QI * r < ti-n'vTi*T~l
equivalent in ' roar
Wet
[Weet-]
[Wit-]
[Wef]
[Weet-id]
[Wit-id]
[Wet-id]
[Wet-u'n]
[Wit-u'n]
[Weefu'n]
xliv
VERBS.
The forms are in the order of their commonest use.
past, is also occasionally heard.
[Waat-], in the
Perf. Part.
[Waad-]
[Wuon-]
uon % ]
in-did]
oond-] ref.
[Wisht-]
[Weysht-] ref.
Certain individuals, amongst the most old-fashioned in manners,
occasionally substitute [uo] for [i]. Before and after a pronoun, the
participle may also be [wish'u'n]. A peculiarity of rural dialect is that
in the first person singular of the present tense the verb takes es ' I
wishes ' [Aa- wish'iz]. The vowel of the pronoun may also be short.
Verb (pres.). Dialect form. Past Tense.
Will (weak] [Wil-1 [Waad-]
[Waeyl-] re/.
The verb is also further refined in [weyl'].
Win
[Win-]
'Waan']
;Waand-]
Wind
[Wind']
[Win-]
[Waa-nd] ref.
"Wuon-]
r Waan-]
"Win-did]
= Woond-]
ref.
Wish (weak)
[Wish-] [Wisht-]
[Weysh-] ref. [Weysht-]
ref.
f* . 1
Work (weak]
[Waa-k]
[Waork-] ref.
[Eaowt-]
[Eaowt-]
(wrought)
[Waa-kt] [Waa-kt]
[Waokt-] ref. [Waokt-] ref.
Although nearly always heard in the refined form of the present, the
r is rarely heard either in the past or the participle.
WOT (to have
knowledge of)
[Waot-] [Wist-]
[Wuost-]
[Wuot-]
[Wis-u'n]
[Wuos-u'n]
[Wuot-u'n]
Wring
[King-] [Eaang-]
[Euong-]
Write
[Eaa-t]
[Eeyt-] ref.
'Ee-h't]
'Eii-h't]
;Eao-t] ref.
[Eit-u'n]
[Eet'u'n] ref.
Writhe
[Eaa-dh]
[Ei-h'dh]
Ee-h'dh]
r Ei'h'dh]
[Eidh-u'n]
In the foregoing list of verbs, the following ought also to have been
distinguished as weak ones :
Have,
Hear,
Keep,
KEP,
Kneel,
Leave,
Lend,
Make,
May,
Must,
Pay,
Pen,
Seek,
Sell,
Send,
Shall,
SPELDEE,
Spend,
Spill,
SUIT.
AUXILIARY VERBS,
AUXILIAEY VEEBS,
It may be sufficient to remark generally of verbs of this character,
that, in their unemphatic forms, whether full or contracted, in any
degree, the quantity of the pronominal vowel is dependent upon stress.
If this is acquired by the auxiliary, then the vowel is long ; but if it is
only upon a following ordinary verb, it is short,
TO BE,
INDICATIVE MOOD,
PRESENT TENSE,
Singular. Plural.
[Aa- iz'] ( [Aa' iz']
[Dhoo' iz-] ref, 1 [Dhuw' iz-]
[Ey iz-] ( [:E'y iz-]
"Wey aa-r
Yey
Phiur
aa-r]
aa'rl
aa-r
Wey u-r'
"
UT
= Dh:e' u;r]
Dhern* iz'
For the first person plural, 'we 's ' [wiz-] is in frequent use, in
familiar conversation. The verb is never fully sounded, in connection
with the pronoun, but on all occasions coalesces with it,
IMPERFECT TENSE,
Singular. Plural,
[Aa' waar-] ([Aa'waaz-] [Wey] or [wih'' f [Wey waaz-]
waar']
"Yey waar'] f J [Yuw* waaz']
T>he-h') v '1 [Dhe-waaz-]
"Dhi'h' > waar'] [Dhenr waaz']
[Dhoo- waar'] ref. \ [Dhuw waaz']
[Ey waar'] ( [:E'y waaz.]
In unemphatic character, the vowel of the verb in the vulgar phase
also changes to [u].
In the same phase, the vowel of the pronoun, first person plural, in*-
variably tends to [ih''] when a consonant follows,
INFINITIVE,
Present, Perfect,
[Tu bi'h'] {[Tu bey] ref, |~Tu e' bin'] {[Tu e- beyn] ref.
Present Participle, Perfect Participle.
[Bi'h'n] {[Beyn] ref, [Been] ) rB , -
[Bm f ] ) L J J "
Compound Perfect.
[Ev'in bi'h'n] { [Uvm beyn] ref.
xlvi
AUXILIARY VERBS.
MAT.
PRESENT TENSE.
,- . ( m:i'h', m:i'h'z]
"- a ( me'h', me'h'z]
[Wey
[Yey
Singular. Plural.
rn:i'h', m:i'h'z]
nie'h', me'h'z]
m:i'h', inii'h'z]
me'h', me'h'z]
m:i'h', m:i'h'z]
me'h', me'h'z]
The forms sat forth are equally common.
In the first and second persons plural, the vowel is also [ee'], and in
the speech of many there is the tendency to [ih''] already noted.
The usual negative form is [mii'h' nt], but there is the additional
frequent one [m:rh'zu'nt]. ' I mays not go, after all ' [Aa* m:i'h'zu'iit
gaan', ef't'u yaal']. This form is considered, somewhat refined.
[Dhe-h>, dhinr
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Plural.
,- A . ( muod'] pry . j muod']
L ( muodz'] L 7 j muodz].
( muod'] ( muod']
[Dhoo* < muodz'] [Yey < muodz']
( maowt ' ] ( mao wt ']
( muod']
[Ey < muodz ]
(niaowt']
Interrogatively, the verb and pronoun of the three persons, singular
and plural, coalesce. This is a rule applying to most verbs, auxiliary
or otherwise. When in this character, the idiom is chiefly apparent in
the second person singular, as in the above case, the pronoun becoming
the contraction [tu] [muod'tu, muodz'tu, maowt'tu].
rDhe*h' ) T
KQI . . > muod', muodz , maowt'j
CAN.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.
rAa . j kaan-]
LAa (kaanz']
( kaan']
[Dhoo* < kaanz*]
(kaanst'] (occ.)
kaan']
kaanz']
Plural.
kaanz 1 '] (occ.)
kaan 'l
kaanz'] (occ.)
Singular.
( kuod-]
{ kuodz']
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Plural.
AUXILIARY VERBS.
xlvii
Singular.
Plural.
kuod*]
MUST.
[Aa
muon*]
muonz*]
( muon*]
[Dhoo* < muonz ]
( muot"]
( muon-]
[Ey < muonz*]
( muot-]
[Wey
Plural.
muon-]
muonz ]
fmuon*]
[Yey < muonz -]
( muot']
( muon']
[Dhe'h', dnim* < muonz-]
( muot-]
When the verb alone has stress [aoh''] is a frequent vowel, but in
this case final s is not heard.
The negative forms are [muon'ut] and [rnin'ut].
HAVE.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural. "
[Aa* ev] . [Wey ev]
[Dhoo* ez*] [Yey ev]
[Eyez*] " [Dhe-ey]
Besides the common negative ' havn't ' [evu'nt], there is an additional
form in ' ha'nut ' [en'ut]. ' Ha' ' [e], long and short, as a contraction
of have, is in common use before other words. * I has ' [Aa* ez*] is also
frequently heard, for the first person singular. Some people constantly
affect this form, and employ ' hasn't ' [Aa- ez*u'nt] for the negative.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular.
aa
aadst*]
]
[Dhe-
The second vowel [aa] is distinctive of rural dialect, being common
to this, and quite unheard in town dialect, as a constituent of the verb
exampled.
IMPERATIVE.
[Ev]
INFINITIVE.
[Tu* ev]
Xlviii AUXILIARY VEUBS.
Present Partieiple. Perfect Participle.
[Erin] [Ed-]
[Aad']
SHALL.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa- saal'] [Wey saal']
[Dhoo- saal'] [Yey saal']
[Ey saal'] [Dhe'h' saal']
The negative forms are several, namely, [saal-ut], [saal'unt], [saa'nt],
[saan'u], and [saan'ut], the two last being essentially the most charac-
teristic of rural dialect. [Saan'u], however, is but an occasional form.
These forms, further coalescing with pronouns, constitute set phrases
which are very convenient to the reticent, inasmuch as they may take
the place of direct responses in conversation. When the verb, or the
verb and pronoun together are unemphatic, the form contracts to st y
and, as frequently, to s, in both the vulgar [yeys, (e. #.)] and the refined
[yaows (e. <?.)] phases alike.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
suod', suodz', suodzt'] rw ( suod', suodz', suodzt']
s:i'h'd, sih'-dz, sih'-dzt] e> \ s:i'h'd,sih''dz,sih''dzt]
mi, i suod', suodz', suodzt'] rv . ( suod', suodz', suodzt']
\ sii-h'd, sih'-dz, sih'-dzt] Ie ^ ' yee \ s:i'h'd, sih'-dz, sih'-dzt]
( suod', suodz', suodzt'] ,-p.i , , ( suod', suodz-, suodzt']
j s:i . h > d) sill '. dZ) sill '. dzt ] LVI i j g:i . h , d} gih . dZj sill '. dzt ]
WILL.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular* Plural.
The negative forms have a correspondence with those of shall, and
are [wil'ut], [wil'unt], [wi'h'nt], [win-u], and [win'ut], the first and the
two last being most in use.
In both a simple and a compound relation, the [i] gives place to
[ae'] in the refined phase of the dialect.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
( waad'] /
[Dhoo- waadz-l [Tey, yee-
^ waaozt'J v
AUXILIARY VEKBS.
xlix
Singular.
Plural.
DO.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.
rdi-h']
di-h'z]
[Aa-^j diz-]
duov]
(div]
Plural.
R|*n
' Duv' ['duov] is also heard in connection with the 'first and second
persons plural, but only very occasionally.
The negative forms are as follows
Singular.
( [di'h'nt]
j [diz'u'nt]
. T-, fduovu'ntl
lstPerson 1[divu'nt]
I "din'ut]
L [duon'ut]
i [diz'u*nt]
2nd Person < [dih'-zu'nt]
C [diz'u'nt]
[dih'*zu'nt]
3rd Person-^
dih''zu'nt]
duovu'nt]
"divu'nt]
din'ut]
duon'ut]
[di'h'nt]
'din'ut]
duon'ut]
[di'h'nt]
duon'ut]
^din'ut]
]dih'-zu ; nt]
duovu'nt]
"divu'nt]
They> and not them, is the usual pronoun before a negative.
The imperative forms of the negative are [di'h'nt], [duon'ut], and
[din-ut].
Interrogatively, and suasively, the pronoun, and not the adverb, is
last in order. [Duovu'nt Aa- ?], Do I not ? [Duon'ut tu !], Don't thou
(you) !
IMPERFECT TENSE,
Singular. Plural.
nHS]
Plural
di^h'nt]
iVT*-,-,'^
In all cases, when there is a shift of stress from one word to another,
1
AUXILIARY VERBS ADVERBS.
there is a diminished and, often, an entirely changed vowel-sound. In
the present case, if the stress laid with the verbs, the value of the pro-
nouns, singular and plural, would be respectively, [Aa, dhuo, e, ee (or)
ee-, wu, yee-, dhu].
The refined form of the vowel of the verb is [ae'J.
IMPERATIVE.
[Drh']
Present Participle.
[Di-in]
INFINITIVE.
[T:u- di-h']
ADVERBS.
Perfect Participle.
[Di'h'n]
EXAMPLES OF FORMS PECULIAR TO THE DIALECT.
Presently*
At-after
Already 8
Afore
To-days
To-morn
Neest
Soonwards
I. ADVERBS OF TIME.
"Priz'u'ntliz]
[Ut-:e-ft'u]
"Yaalrid'iz]
= Ufuo-h'r]
;Tu-di-h'z]
"Tu-muo'h'n]
= Neest-]
;Si-h'nudz-]
Presently
Afterwards
Already
Before
To-day
To-morrow
Next
Soon ; in a little time
* Which is the soonwardsest gate ?' [Wich* iz' t srh'nudzizt gih''t ?],
Which is the nearest way ?
Pnow
I'nowards
Atweenwhiles
[Inoo-] )
[In:oo-h'dz] ]
[Utw:i'h'nwaa'
Alwayser (comp.)
Alwaysest (superl.)
Oftens
Of tenser (comp.)
Oftensest (superl.)
Mostlings
'Yaal'usur]
= Yaal-usist]
= Uof-u'nz]
r Uof-u'nzu]
'Uofu'nzist]
Me'h'stlinz]
[Me'h'stliz]
In town dialect, with a particular reference to that of the Leeds dis-
trict, the affix * lings ' is a general adverbial form for most derivatives.
Soon ; by and by
Betweenwhile ; in
mean time
The more always
The most always
Often
Oftener
Oftenest
the
Mostly
Sin
Lately s
To now
Formerlys
Nevers
"Sin-]
= L:i-h'tliz]
Tu noo']
Tu'muliz]
"Niv'uz]
The s is also an occasional addition to ever.
Sometimes
Longwhiles
Often preceded by at.
[Suomtaa'mz]
[Laang*waa"lz]
Since
Lately
Until now
Formerly
Never
Sometime
Eventually ; in the end
ADVERBS OF TIME OF PLACE.
H
Awhiles
Rarelys
Freshlys
Whiles
Whilst
Uwaa-lz]
= Ke-h'liz]
= Frishliz]
'Waa'lz] )
Waa-lst] ]
Awhile
Barely
Afresh
Whilst
II. ADVERBS OF PLACE.
Everywheres
Herewheres
Somewherea
Nowheres
Anywheres
Heres
Theres
The last two are occasional
Iv'riwi"h'z] Everywhere
rh'wi"h'z] Here; in close proximity
Suonrwi"h'z] Somewhere
"Neh''wi"h'z] Nowhere
Aon'-(and)uon'iwi"h'z] Anywhere
Th'z] Here
"Thi-h'z] There
forms.
Aboonards
Backly
Thereby '(and with
8 [z] added)
Somegates
Uboo'nudz] )
Ub:i-h'nudz] C
= Baak-li]
= Dh:ih'baa']
Above
Backward
Thereabouts
(and) Some way, or, where
[Suom*g:ih'ts
-gih'ts]
Negates [Ne'h'guts( and) -gih'ts] No way, or, where
Also [neh'-g:ih'ts]
Any gates [Aon'-(and)uon'ig;ih',ts] Anyway
Allgates [Yaal'giih'ts] All ways ; or, in every
direction
The last four forms are also heard without the final s, but not so com-
monly.
Athin [Udhur]
Athinwards "Udhin'udz]
Athout [Udhoot-]
Athoutwards "Udhoot'udz]
Ahint [U-int-]
Forwards [Fur'udz]
Aforeanent [Ufiuo'h'runint*]
Whoor [Wuo'h'r] )
Hoor [Uo-h'r] ]
Hoore'er Uoh'ri'h']
Aways 'Uwi'h'z]
Tuv [Tuov]
Tiv [Tiv (and) tih'-v]
Til [Til-]
Tea [Ti'h']
Frev Frev (and) friv]
Frde [Fre f ] (and with added
[h'] before a con-
sonant)
Eoo'ndudz]
"Uboot'udz]
W:ih'suomivuz]
;Thruof-]
Roundwards
Aboutwards
WTieresomevers
Thru/
Within
Inwards
Without
Outwards
Behind
Forward
Opposite before
Where
Wherever
Away
To
From
Eound
About
Wheresoever
Through
Ill ADVEKBS 05 1 PLAdE QUALITY QUANTITY MOOD.
Of
Again
Among
[Ur]
[Ugi-h'n]
[Umaang']
On
Against
( Amongst
I Among
III. ADVEEBS OF QUALITY.
Weel [Wee-1 (and) waei] Well
Thuswards [Thuos'udz] Thus
Surelys [Siwh'liz] Surely
A great proportion of the adverbs ending in ly take ' 3 ' additionally,
and some few ' ings ' [ingz 1 ].
Yamost [Yaanrustj Almost
Hardly a [Aa'dliz (and) e:h'*dliz] Hardly, scarcely
Varra [Vaar'u] Very
As an isolated affirmative, the word often takes ' a ' additionally.
Ginner
Nought but
Nought bids
Nought bud
Nought buds
Nearlys
Fair
Willing*
Bathers
Gin'ur]
JNaob-ut] )
Naob'uts] f .
Naob'ud] i
Bather
Only
Naob'udz]
= Ni'h'liz] Nearly
Fe ; h'] Quite
"Wil'inz] Willingly
"Ee'h'dhuz] Rather
1 1' ginner o* t* two ' [T gin'ur ut' twi'h*], * The ratherest of the two '
a peasant's rendering of the phrase ;^ i. e. the best of the two ; but the
word is not by rule permissible at the' end of a sentencej as is ' ratherest '
[re'h'dhu'ristj
IV. ADVERBS OF QUANTITY*
Mich
Mickle
MucMe
Lahl
Lahtle
Aneaf
Vahly
No doubting 8
Aye
Whya
Mich-] )
Mik-u'l] }
= Muok-u'l]
;Laa-l]
"Laa'tu'l]
[Uni-h'f]
Much
Little
Enough
V. ADVERBS OF MOODt
[Aa-, Aa-y, (and the Yes
refined forms [Ae'y,
aey, e'y, ey 4 ])
[Vaa-li] Verily
[Ne-h'dioo-tinz] Doubtless, Undoubtedly
[Aa-y, Ae'y, E-y] Indeed
[Waa'yu, (and) waay 'u }
Well (in assent)*
\Vah rWaa-J )
Happen [Aap-u'n]. )
Happens [Aap'u'nz] \
with initial y supplanting h in the last two forms.
BeUkes [Bilaa'ks] "Probably
Hap-chance [Aap'chaans] Perchance
And with initial y in place of h. The word is usually preceded by by [bi].
ADVERBS OF MOOD PREPOSITIONS.
liii
LiMys
What for
Whethers
Whitherwards
[Laa'kliz]
[Waaf fur']
[Widh-uz]
[Widh-urudz]
PEEPOSITIONS.
ijiKeiy
Why?
Whether
Whither (occ.)
' On ' is in occasional use for of, chiefly before personal pronouns,
but is not a distinctive form, the common one being [uv]. Nor is * on '
habitually abbreviated, as in town dialect, in which the consonant is
usually subjected to elision. In rural dialect, of [uv] is also frequently
employed for on. ' He is of horseback' [Iz' uv aos'baak], ' One must
not depend of him ' [Yaan* muon'ut dipin'd uv im'].
Other peculiar forms are>-
Again
Tuv
Tiv
Til
Tt
These ate employed
Against
To
before words beginning with vowels. When a
[In'tuv (and) in'tuov]
"In'tivl
Into.
consonant is the initial letter, [tu] is resorted to. The first two forms
make an exception of initial t in the definite article.
Intuv
Intiv
Intil [In-tu'f]
Inte [In-ti]
These forms also precede words beginning with vowels; the first
form being occasionally heard before t, generally as the initial letter of
the definite article. The last form is so heard, also. The usual one
before consonants is [in'tu].
Until [Uon'tu'l] Unto
Biv [Biv] By
Rigorously employed before a vowel, and frequently before words
with initial t,
Tuvard
Tivard
Tilard
Teard
And with added
Frev
Friv
Fra
Fruv
Tuovud]
towards, toward
([z])-, in each case.
The last forni is emp
[Frev]
Friv]
Fre']
Fruov]
oyed in the past tense, before a vowel. The rest
of the forms are in excessive use, and are familiar to the ear in every
position. The two first, however, are those chiefly used before vowels.
* Fra ' [fre 1 ] is quite as frequently heard before words beginning with a
vowel, as before those beginning with a consonant, and,, in respect of
these last, with the addition of the final element [h' 1 ].
Frevard [Frev'ud] ) 'FromWard*' away from,
Frivard [Frivud] > in antithesis with
Fruvard [Fruovud] ) toward,
And with added $ ([z])> in each case*
liv
PREPOSITIONS.
Ower [:Ao'wh', ao'h' (re/.)] Over
Unther [U:o'nd'u (and often) Under
uo-nd'u]
[Thruof-] )
[Thre-] (and with [h'J V Through
before a consonant) )
Of derived prepositions, those which in ordinary speech are formed
by employing the prefix be, in dialect speech employ * a ' for the purpose,
as in the following :
[Ufuo-h'r] Before
= U-int'] Behind
fe' 11 } i Between
[Utwih'-n] f
Aneath * Unrh'dh (and) unrh'th] Beneath
Aside Usaa'd]
Asiden ^TJsaa'd'un]
Ayond U-yuond']
( Amang Umaang-] }
( Mang Maang"]
Amung Umuong-]
Aboon 'Uboo'n]
Athin Udhin'J
Off of [Of- uv]
Thruf
Thra
Afore
Ahint
Atween
Beside
Beyond
Among, amongst
Above
Within
Off
The last idiom usual y occurs when the word to follow is a pronoun.
' Off on ' [of' u'n] is also employed, but this form is more characteristic
of town dialect.
Sin
Sen
Wiv
Wid
Chiefly employed bei
[Sin-]
= Sen-]
[Wiv]
= Wid-]
Since
With
ore vowels, as is ' wi" [wi-] before consonants.
From
Through [Throo-]
Thra [Thre-] (and with added
[h'] before a consonant) .
Thruf [Thruof-] )
Astead [Usti'h'd] Instead
Anent [Unint-] Concerning, touching
Iv [Iv] In
Chiefly (but without restriction) employed before vowels. Before
consonants, * i' ' [i] is most usual.
Athout
Adout
Avout
Bithout
Bidout
Bivout
Without
Widout
Wivout
'Dout
Udhoot']
L Udoof]
r Uvoot-]
Bidhoof]
Bidoot-]
L Bivoot']
Widhoot-]
^
J Thout
'rout
Without
: Wivoot-]
: Doot-]
: Boot]
= Dhoot-]
Toot-]
PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS.
Iv
Of these, 'athout,' 'adout,' 'without,' ' widout,' < 'dout,' 'thout,'
and, occasionally, ' 'bout,' acquire the ending ' en ' customarily.
Wliile
Whiles
Nearhand
Nearhands
Nears
At-after
[Waal]
Nr-h'raand-]')
Ni"h'raanz"] >
Ni-h'z] )
Ut-:e-ft'u]
Till
Near
After
The present of participles are not employed as prepositions.
CONJUNCTIONS.
The following are the most usual forms :
I. COPULATIVE.
An [Un'] And
An 9 all [Unao-h'l] ' And aU ' = also
Both [Be-h'th, bi:h'-th] Both
fBao'th], the refined form, is heard from many who do not habitually
employ dialectal pronunciations, and who are supposed to nave received
a fair education for the demands of middle-class society.
Likewise
"Laa'kwtaaz]
' Likewise
Farder
Taa-d'u]
Farther
Moreowera
: Meh'raow-h'z]
Moreover
Afore
Ufuo-h'r]
Before
Sin
;Sin-] )
Syne
S:aa-yn, saa'n] >
Since
Sen
= Sen-] )
Ere
;iW i
TiVa
Eres
I-h'z]
j^rs
At-after
Ut-:ef-t'u]
After
When
Wen*, w:ae*n]
When
While
Whiles
: Waa-l]
;Waa-lz]
Until
Anever
Anevers
Ansomever
Whenever
Whensomever
Whensomevers
Whoor
Hoor
[Wuo-h'r]
Where
Whither
Whuther
^W?d'-i]
Wuod'-u]
Whither
Acause
Ukaos*]
Because
Gin
Gin-] )
An
Un-](
Tf
If'] (
If
Gif
Gif-1 \
The last form, with 'gift* [gift-], are most
usual in Nidderdale.
That [Dhaat-]
Cfep* [Sipt-]
That
Except
Ivi
CONJUNCTIONS.
ffowe'ef
Howevers
Howsome'er
Hoiusomevers
As if
An' if
So 'at
Thuf
Thof
Tha
Then
Hed
Oo-i-h']
Oo-ivuz]
"Oo"suornrh']
= Oo"suomivuz]
~Uz if] )
;unif-]l
rh't, seh^'t]
^Dhuof'] )
= Dhaof-] }
= Dhe'] )
T>hen-]
However
As if
So that
Though
Than
Ed-];" (also [And'], \ H ,
distinctively) ( Had
11, DISJUNCTIVE.
U [U] Or
Nu [Nu] Nor
Though the r has not been rendered in the above forms, yet it is
much heard in connection, and is never omitted before a voweL
Still
Aither
Owther
father (ref.)
Naither
Nowther
Neather (ref.)
However
Howsomever
Yet
Howbeit
The refined [ao"h'beyt]
Stil-]
E-h'd'ur]
~:Ao*wd'ur]
Th'dhur]
;Ne-h'd'ur]
= N:ao'wd'ur]
^Ni-h'dhur]
StiD
Either
Neither
= Yit'] Yet
jOobit-] Howbeit
is also much heard generally.
Bud
Bod
But
Leastways
Ne'ersome'er
Ne'ersomevers
"Buod-, bud-] )
'Baod'] But
'Buot-J )
L:i-h 5 stwe-h'z, li'h'stuz] Lest
"Nih'sum:i'h'] ) XT ,, *
[Niihsumivuz]^ Nevertheless
The middle vowel is, in each case, in interchange with [uo].
When conjunctions are employed correlatively with an adverbial
form, there is, very often, the change of a word, an insertion, or a con-
traction not recognised in modern speech. In the phrase, more or less
than, the last word is displaced by nor, [nu]. In, though yet, the word
as must necessarily come between the words, [dhuof* uz 1 yit']. In, so
that, the th is never heard, [so'h't].
Only the simplest construction of illatives are employed, such as,
and so, [un* se'h'] ; then, [dhiir] ; for, [fur']. Words like whence, hence,
thereupon, therefore, consequently, are entirely unfamiliar to dialect
speakers. Accordingly is heard, but this is not a genuine dialect form.
The pronunciation is [uk:uoh'dinlaa'J.
INTERJECTIONS,
INTEBJECTIONS.
The interjections which are not orthographically distinct from those
in ordinary use, are yet so phonetically. To these are added, in the
following list, the forms peculiar to the dialect.
1. EXPRESSIVE OF BOIS-
TEROUS PEELING.
Hurrah ! [Uo're' !] with the second vowe}
greatly prolonged.
2. EXPRESSIVE OF SOR- ^
ROW, OR PAIN.
Tuck I [Yuok 1 !] Those of this class are
numerous, the word proper being usually
followed by a noun or pronoun. Ex-
amples :
Nay, bairn! [Ne'h* be"h'n !] the first word
having the force of, Nay, indeed !
Aye, bairn I [Ey be"h'n !] Yes, indeed, bairn!
a phrase occurring constantly in the con-
versation of adults.
Wdefor us ! [We-h' fur' uz !] Woe for us !
Wde, bairn ! [We'h' be'h'n !]
Other forms, no.t of this character, are
Oh ! [Ao- !]
Ooh I [Oo- !]
Ha I [He 1 Q A rough breathing invariably
accompanies the vowel.
He, ! [I- !] A sound usually elicited by a
twinge of acute pain,
3. EXPRESSIVE OF PAIN-
FUL SURPRISE.
Oh I [A:o- !]
4. EXPRESSIVE OF WON-
DERMENT.
f Oh ! [Ao- !] of extreme length.
JETee/Wl]
Ay I [Ai- !]
My song I [:Maa- 'saang- !] (Also used in
mock-anger.)
% / [Baa- !]
Zounds ! [Z:oo'nz !]
Zookerins I [Zook'rinz !]
Woonkers I [Wuo'ngkuz !]
Odsart I [:Ao'dz-, aodz'-, aoh''dz*(and) odz'aai!
(and also, in each case) eh' 'til
Hew! [I-w!]
Oow ! [Gaoh'- !]
Lors / [Lao'h'z !]
Holloa f [Aolao-h' !] (Expressive of pleased
surprise.^
, with the addition of 8 [Aolao'h'z !]
JOHN GUILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
USED JN THE
DIALECT OF MID-YORKSHIRE.
[The part of speech is not added in the case of substantives.]
Abuseful [ubiwsfuol], adj .
abusive ; Mid.
Ache [e'h'k], v. a. to annoy by
complaint, entreaty, question-
ing, or mischievous talk. Wh.
01. ; Mid.
Acker [aalcur], sb. and v. n. a
flowing ripple; gen. In Mid-
Yorkshire, the hair is said to
acker [aak/ur], v. n. and v. a.
when in wavy outline.
Adash [udaash-], v. a. to put to
shame ; Mid. * I felt fair (quite)
adashed ' [Aa* fel't 'fe'h'r
udaash't].
Addle [aad'u'l], v. a. to earn.
' Addlings ' [aad'linz], earnings.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
After - temsins [ef -t'utenr - zinz],
sb. pi. the roughly-dressed flour
commonly known as ' sharps,'
gen. The sieve used in the
dressing of this meal, at the
stage indicated, is called a 'terns'
[tenrz].
Ag [aag-], v. a. to complain con-
tentiously ; Mid.
Agate [uge'h't, ugrh't], one of
those compendious terms, vary-
ing in meaning, which cannot
be properly appreciated but
through examples. It may be
taken to signify, widely, in the
act of doing anything, and is gen-
eral to the county. ' Get agate
o' going' [Git* uge'h't u gaain],
begin to go. ' He's been agate
o' him again ' [Eez' bin* uge'h't
u inv ugi'h'n], has been beating
him again. Or the phrase may
apply to any other act, however
diverse in character, if repre-
sented by a participL , expressed
or understood. * They're agate,
the one at the other' [Dher
uge'h't, te'h'n ut idh'ur], they
are kissing each other. ' He's
agate o' breaking sticks' [Eez*
ugrh't u brek' instiks']. 'He's
Xte' [Eez' uge-h't], in the act
loing. ' Been agate o' nought
all the morning ' [Bin' uge'h't
u noaw't yaal* t muoh'*n], been
doing nothing all the morning.
' He's always agate ' [Iz* yaal'us
ugrh't], always teasing, or doing
whatever else may be the sub-
ject of allusion. 'He was set
agate of it' [Ee wur set'u'n
uge'h't on't], was incited to the
act. ' Get agate of framing ' [Git*
ugrh't u fre'h'min], prepare to
begin. ' Agate o' sleeping '
[Uge'h't u slih'-pin], in the act
of sleeping.
Agee [ujee-], adv. awry. Wh.
Aggerheads [aag-urrh'dz],
pi. loggerheads ; Mid.
sb.
Iviii
INTERJECTIONS.
Expressions of displeasure are chiefly represented by contractions,
or full forms, of an imprecatory character, but without force of mean-
ing. Examples :
Od rabit ! [Ao'd-, aod*-, aohM-, (and) od'
raab-it !]
Od zounds ! [:Ao f dz-, aodz*-, aoh''dz-, (and)
odz'oonz* !]
Drat ! This form has various vowel changes,
being heard as [D'raat* ! d'ruot' ! d'raot* !
d'rot- ! d'ruoh'-t ! (and) d'riht ! (long and
short)].
Odrat! [Aod'-, aoh'-d-, (and) od'raat- ! (to-
gether with the additional variations of the
last vowel as noted in Drat /)]
Blame! [Blih'-m !]
Dash! [Daash-!]
Burn I [Baon* !]
Deng! [Deng 1 !]
Zolch ! [Zaolsh' !]
5. EXPRESSIVE OF AN- (
GER, IN VARIOUS DE- -
GREES.
! Mercy I [Maasi !] also, as frequently, [Maas'-
aay ! (and, on occasions), Maassaa-y !]
gr/u^
Wounds ! [W:oo'ndz' ! wrao'wndz* ! (ref.}~\.
Experiences of this kind are least open to categorical treatment, for
the reason that they in some measure depend on the object for character,
and, moreover, are a variety. Thus, e. g., for a male person to see an
acquaintance, or relative, under circumstances of imminent peril, would
occasion the impulsive cry : * Lad ! ' [Laad* !] or, * Lass ! ' [Laas* !],
as the case might be.
( Posh I [Paosh- !]
7. OF CONTEMPT OF i Tush I [Tuosh 1 !]
SPEECH. \ Pouse ! [Paows ! p:oo*s !]
( Chut ! [Chuot- !]
8. OF GREETING. { What cheer ! [Waat' chrh' !]
OF GREETING, IN SUR- ( Holloa ! [Aolao'h' ! uolao'h' !]
PRISE. \ Also with s [z] added.
(Hey! [E-y !]
9. TO SUMMON, OR AT- 1 Holloa ! [Aol'ao'h' ! uol-ao'h' !] (and with the
TRACT ATTENTION. ) accent upon the last syllable alone, in each
INTERJECTIONS.
lix
10.
TO DIRECT ATTEN-
TION.
11. USED TO SiLENCE,
on SUBDUE SPEECH.
[Looks! [L:i'h'ks!]
See! [Si-hM]
Harks ! [E:h''ks !] _
Look you, buds I [Lrh'k yu, buodz* !] (Look
you, but ! Only look !)
Look, buds ! [Li-h'k, buodz' !]
See you, buds I [Si' yu, buodz- !]
See, buds ! [Si'h', buodz- !]
Hark you, buds I [E:h'"k yu, buodz" !]
Hark, buds I [E:h'-k, buodz- !]
,Hear you, buds ! [I'll' yu, buodz' !]
^
sht' ! whtae'sM' ! whruo'sht' !]
( So I [Se-h' ! sao'h' ! (re/.), sao- ! (more re/.)].
JOHN GUILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
USED IN THE
DIALECT OF MID-YORKSHIRE.
[The part of speech is not added in the case of substantives.]
Abuseful [ubi wsfuol], adj .
abusive ; Mid.
Ache [e'h'k], v. a. to annoy by
complaint, entreaty, question-
ing, or mischievous talk. Wh.
01. ; Mid.
Acker [aak'ur]> sb. and v. n. a
flowing ripple ; gen. In Mid-
Yorkshire, the hair is said to
acker [aak'ur], v. n. and v. a.
when in wavy outline.
Adash [udaaslr], v. a. to put to
shame ; Mid. * I felt fair (quite)
adashed* [Aa fel't 'fe'h'r
udaash't].
Addle [aad'u'l], v. a. to earn.
' Addlings ' [aad'linz], earnings.
Wh. Ql.; gen.
After temsins [ef 't'utenv - zinz],
sb. pi. the roughly-dressed flour
commonly known as ' sharps,'
gen. The sieve used in the
dressing of this meal, at the
stage indicated, is called a 'terns'
[tenvz],
Ag [aag*], v. a. to complain con-
tentiously; Mid.
Agate [uge'h't, ugrh't], one of
those compendious terms, vary-
ing in meaning, which cannot
be properly appreciated but
through examples. It may be
taken to signify, widely, in the
act of doing anything, and is gen-
to the county. * Get agate
>ing ' [Git' uge'h't u gaa'in],
eral to
o' going
begin to go. ' He's been agate
o' him again ' [Eez' bin* uge'h't
u inr ugi'h'n], has been beating
him again. Or the phrase may
apply to any other act, however
diverse in character, if repre-
sented -by a participL / expressed
or understood. * They're agate,
the one at the other' [Dher
uge'h't, te'h'n ut idh'ur], they
are kissing each other. ' He's
agate o' breaking sticks ' [Eez*
ugrh't u brek' in stiks']. 'He's
agate' [Eez* uge'h't], in the act
of doing. ' Been agate o' nought
all the morning ' [Bin' uge'h't
u noaw't yaal* t muoh'-n], been
doing nothing all the morning.
' He's always agate ' [Iz' yaal'us
ugrh't], always teasing, or doing
whatever else may be the sub-
ject of allusion. 'He was set
agate of it' [Ee wur* set'u'n
uge'h't on-t], was incited to the
act. ' Get agate of framing ' [Git*
ugrh't u fre'h'min], prepare to
begin. * Agate o' sleeping '
[Uge'h't u slih''pin], in the act
of sleeping.
Agee [ujee-], adv. awry. Wh.
Ol. ; gen.
Aggerheads [aag-urrh'dz], sb.
pi. loggerheads ; Mid.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Agin [ugiir], conj. as if. Wh.
GL ; Mid.
Ahew [u:i'w], adv. askew; gen.
A hint [n-int-], prep, behind.
Wh. Gl.; gen. Also 'Behint'
[bi-int'J ; gen.
Aim [aanr, e'h'm, rh'm, yaanv,
ye'h m, yi'h'ni], v. n. to intend.
These are all general. [Yaam-]
is the commonest form among
old people. [E'h'm], as at
Whitby, is the refined form.
Aimsome [yaam 'sum], adj. ambi-
tious ; Mid.
Airt [e-h't]; or Airth [e-h'th],
sb. quarter, or direction. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Aither [e-h'dhur], sb. furrowed
ground. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
All-heal [ao'hT ilr'l], a miner's
term for a new working ; Nidd.
Allkins [yaal'kinz], sb. pi. and
adjectival sb. all kinds ; Mid.
Alse [aals-] ; or Ailse [e'h'ls],
Alice ; gen.
Amang-hands [umaang- - aanz],
adv. conjointly. Wh. GL ; gen.
An [mr], conj. if. Wh. Gl. ;
casual to Mid - Yorkshire and
the north.
An' a'll,[unao'h'l], adv. too; gen.
[Aa'z gaa'in un ao'h'l], I am
going too.
Ananthers [unaan-dhuz] ; or An-
thers [aan'dhuz], conj. lest.
Wh. Gl; Mid.
Anenst [unejrst], adv. against.
Wh. GL ; gen. Anent [unen't]
and Agean [ugi'h'n] are as
commonly heard, too, but the
former with two other variations
of meaning near and opposite.
Angle [aang'u'l], a small hook,
as a fishing-hook. A large one
is a cruke [kriwk], or crukle
[kriwku'l]; gen. The pronun-
ciation of the last forms varies,
being quite as often [kri'h'k] and
[kri'h-'ku'l].
A'not [aan'ut], employed in the
place of the verbal and adverb-
ial phrase are not; but very
casually. The common form is,
is not [iz'u'nt] ; Mid.
Anotherkins [unuodh-ukinzladj.
another kind. Wh. GL; Mid.
The plural is usually employed,
but the singular occurs occasion-
ally, and each form is often
heard in tautology. ' That plum 's
of anotherkins sort' [Dhaat*
pluomz' uv unuodh ukinz
suo'h't],
A'oot [u'oot']; or Adoot [ud'oot-];
or Avoot [uvoot-] ; or Athoot
[udhoot']; or Bi'oot [bi-oot'];
or Bidoot [bid' oof ] ; or Bivoot
[bivoot'] ; or Bithoot [bidhoot*] ;
or Wi'oot [wi-oot'] ; or Widoot
[wid'oot']; or Wivoot [wivoot*];
or Withoot [widhoot'j, prep,
without ; gen. The last syllable
also gives way to a refined form
[oa-w(and) oaw] in broad dialect.
The dental d forms are especially
employed by those who speak
the dialect broadly, and all the
above are generally heard over
the greater part of the north.
Appearently [uprh'm'ntli], adv.
apparently, but in freer use as an
affirmative response than is usual
in ordinary speech ; gen. ' We 's
ganging to t' feast, ye see, ap-
pearently ' [Wiz* gaan'in tit*
fi-h'st yi sae-y. Uprh'ru'ntli].
' It 's boon to weet, appear ently '
[Itz- boon, tu weet. uprh'ru'ntii],
is going to wet (or rain), ap-
parently.
Aramastorky [aarumustao'h'ki],
a long name for an awkward
female of some size ; Mid.
Arf [aa'f], adj. afraid, reluctant.
Wh. GL; Mid.
Ark [aa-k, e'h'k], a chest ; gen.
Armshot [eh-'mshaot], arin's-
length. There is also a tendency
to make the last vowel [uo], but
this usage is somewhat of an in-
dividual characteristic ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE- GLOSSARY.
8
Arr [aa'r], a scar, after a wound
or an ulcer. Pock-arr'd [pok--
aa'd], marked with the small-
pox. Wh. GL ; gen.
Arridge [aarij], a light edge or
ridge, as of wood or stone. Wh.
GL; gen.
Arvil-cake [aa-vil-krh'k], a spiced
cake, prepared for funeral occa-
sions ; gen. In localities south-
ward, arvil is applied to the tea,
which forms a sequence to these
occasions, though the more com-
mon name of this time of refresh -
- ment is ' t' drinking ' [t d'ringk'-
in] or ' t' tea-drinking ' [ti'h'-
d'ringk'in], the usual term for a
. tea-party of any kind.
Asiden [usaa'du'n] ; or Aside
[usaa'd], prep, beside ; near to ;
gen. The last form has com-
monly s added.
Ask [aask-] ; or Ai'sk [e'h'sk] ; or
Askerd [aas'kud], a water- newt;
gen. In use for the several spe-
cies of lizards.
Ask [aask-], v. a. To be asked
at church is to have the marriage
banns published. Wh. GL ; gen.
' He 's agate o' reading t' askings'
[Eez* ugi'h't u rib.' "din t aas'-
kinz], in the act of publishing the
banns. Ax [aaks*] (vb.) and
Aaxin's [aak'sinz] are em-
ployed too.
Ass [aas], ash, and ashes. Aas-
card [aas- - ke'h'd], the fire-
shovel. Ass-hole [aas'-uo'h'l];
or Ass-midden [aas'-midin],
the dust-heap. Aas-riddling
[aas'-ridlin], a St Mark's Eve
custom of riddling the ashes on
the hearth, to find, by a shoe-
print, on the following morning,
which of the family is to die
during the year, or, if there be
no mark, to be sure that no
death will occur. Wh. GL ; gen.
The singular and plural are
usually alike, but a plural form
is used occasionally : [aas'iz].
Astrut [ust'ruot 1 ] adv. ; or Astride
[ust'raa'd]. One word is as much
in use as the other, and equally
in the present and past tenses ;
gen.
At after [ut ef't'ur (and) if -fur],
adv. afterward, afterwards. Wh.
Gl.; gen.
Atter [aat''ur], v. a. to entangle;
gen.
Atter [aat-'ur], v. n. to be busy
in a trifling manner ; Mid, ' He
was altering about it, doing
nought ' [Ee wur* aat''rin uboot*
it, diin noawt'].
Atter [aat*'ur], v. a., v.n., and sb. ;
or Atteril [aat"'ril], the matter
of a sore, or an excreted appear-
ance of any kind, as an attered,
or furred tongue. Wh. GL ; gen.
At-under [ut:uo-nd'u], adv. un-
der control. Wh. GL ; gen.
And - farrand [ao-h'd-faarund],
adj. old-fashioned. Wh. GL; gen.
And Soss Faoh-'d Sos-1 the devil:
Mid.
And Stock [ao-h'd stok-], a fa-
miliar term employed towards
old acquaintance or old native
residents. It is used in reference
as well as in salutation ; Mid.
' He 's one of the old stock ' [Eez-
yaan" ut" ao-h'd stok'], one of the
oldest inhabitants. ' What cheer !
aud stock, what cheer ! ' [Waat'
chi'h'r ! ao'h'd stok*, waat*
chi'h'r!], How now, old friend,
how now !
Aught [aowt], ought, anything.
Wh. GL; gen. Naught [naowt],
nought, nothing.
Aum [aoh'-m], elm ; Mid.
Au maks [ao-h'maaks 1 ], sb. and
adjectival sb, all makes, every
kind. Wh. GL ; gen. ' I went
in to buy a bonnet-shape, and he
showed me au maks ' [Aa- wint*
in tu baa' u buon'it-shaap', mr
i shi'h'd mu yaal' maaks']. The
form is very liable to assume
4
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
this shape, an being indeed in
singular character. In the min-
ing-dales the irs of such words
are frequently dropped, but not
in Mid- York., or in the strictly
rural parts anywhere ; nor in
southern Yorkshire, except to
the south-west. All manthers
[ao'h' maan'dhuz] and [ao'h'
maan'd'uz] are forms with the
same meaning, heard in Nidd.
and the north.
Aumas [acrh'nms], alms. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. [Ao'h'mus - oo's],
almshouse. The word has also
the meaning of portion, sb., and,
in this sense, is most frequently
on the lips. 'There, that's thy
aumas; thou '11 get no more '
[Dhi'h'r, 'dhaafs' 'dhaa- aoh''-
mus; dhoo'l git' nu me'h'r]. One
holding a sack to be filled, will
cry out when the sack is full,
' Hold on ! I 've gotten my aumas '
[Ao-h'd aon' ! Aa'v git'u'n mi
ao'h'mus]. 'He '11 do with a
bigger aumas than that' [Ee'l
drh' wi u big'ur ao'h'mus un*
dhaat'], with a larger portion
than that. On 'Pancake,' or
Shrove- Tuesday, the poor people
go from house to house, begging
flour and milk ; and employ the
formula, ' Pray you, mistress,
can you give me my aumus ? '
[Prey h', mis't'ris', kaan' yu gi
mu ini ao'h'mus ?]
Aumry [ao'li'mri], a cupboard ;
Mid.
Aund [ao'h'nd], past part, fated.
Wh. GL; gen.
Awnd [ao'h'nd], v. a. to own. The
use of this form is very common.
' He '11 ne'er own it ' [Eei nrh'r
ao'h'nd it']. 'That strickle I
found goes unawndedyet' [Dhaat'
st'rik'u'l Aa' faand' gaanz- uon'-
ao'h'n'did yit']. The last form
is employed with increased idiom.
' Has he got back yet ? ' ' Nay,
he 's never aivnded ' [Ez' i git'u'n
baak- yit'? Ne'h', ee*z niv'ur
ao'h'n'did]. ' OUT'S (lad being
understood) has ne'er awnded
yet, neither' [Oo - h'z ez* ni'h'r
ao'h'n'did yit', ne'h'dhur].
Awe [ao'h'], expressive of control ;
Mid. ' The father has him in
good aiue, and it 's very well '
[T fi-h'd'ur ez- inr i' gi'h'd ao'h',
un 'its' vaar'u wee'lj.
Awebun' [ao'h'buon-], adj. or-
derly, or under authority. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Awes [ao'h'z], v. a. own ; Mid.
This word makes idiom of a sen-
tence. [We'h'z ao'h'z dhis'P],
Who owns this? or, [We'h'z
ao'h'z iz 1 dhis' ?], Who's own is
this?
Awesome [ao'h'suml, adj. awful ;
Mid.
Awvish [ao'h'vish], adj. halfish,
neither one thing nor another.
Also half-witted. Wh. GL; gen.
Backbearaway [baak-brh'r-
uwe'h'], the bat; gen.
Back-kest [baak'kest'], a cast
backwards ; a sudden retrograde
movement, or relapse. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Backlings [baakiinz], adv. back-
wards ; Mid.
Backmost [baak-must] ; or Back-
ermost [baak'umusfj, adj. hind-
most ; gen.
Backwatch [baak-waach], a re-
serve fund for exigencies ; Mid.
'There's nought-but poor add-
lings (There are only poor earn-
ings) now-a-days, but somewhat
must be laid by for a backwatch '
[Dhuz* naob'ut puo'h'r aad'linz
noo-u-di-h'z, bud' 'suom'ut mun*
bi li'h'd (or [li'h'n]) baa' fur' u
baak'waach']. The term is not
restricted in application.
Badger [baad'jurl a miller; also,
a huckster ; Mid. ' Hungry !
Thou's always hungry: thou'd
eat a badger off his horse' ['Uong'-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
uri! Dhxxrz 'yaal'us uong'uri
dhoo-d yilr't u 'baad'jur ih'-f
iz* aos'].
Baff [baaf*], v. n. a suppressed
bark; Mid. A dog ba/s when
it dares not bark, though it may
happen that it commits itself in
the latter way at intervals.
Baffound [baaf-und], v. a. to
stun and perplex ; Mid. Ex-
ampled as a pp. in the Wh.
Ol. 'Thou 'd baffound a
stoop ! ' (post) [Dhoo-d baaf-
und u sti'h'p !]
Bagnit [baag'nit], bayonet ; gen.
Bailier [be-h'lih'r, brh'lih'r], a
bailiff ; gen.
Bairn [be'h'n], child, variously
employed, as in the Wh. GL;
gen. This is the northern form
generally, as barn [baa-n] is the
southern.
Bairn-bairn [be'h'n-be'h'n], liter-
ally, a child's child, or grand-
child. A term often used in
Mid - Yorkshire. Leeds people
employ the compound [baa'n-
baa'n] now and then, but with
some vulgarness of feeling, and
not in that sincere way of its use
among country - people, whose
own the word is, or has come to
be. In each case, the plural is
formed by the addition of s to
the last word. But these are not
the common forms of the name
grandchild, which are respect-
ively [graon'be'h'n] and [graan*
baa'n], the [ao] of the first inter-
changing with [aa], and, in a
slight way, with (mostly) [u],
and [uo]. When the vowel is
[aa] it is impossible not to recog-
nize distinctly the dental charac-
ter of the preceding r.
Bairn-fond [be-h'nfaond], adj.
child-loving; gen.
Bairn-lai'kins [be'h'n-le-h'kinz],
sb. pi. playthings. Wh. OL ; gen.
Common also in the singular, as
is ' Lai'kins/ sb. pi.
Bairnpart [be-h'npeh-'t] ; or
Bairndole [be-h'ndih-'l], a child's
portion, or inheritance ; Mid.
Bairnteam [be-h'nt'rh'm], the
children of a household ; gen.
Bakston' [baak'stun], a round
slate or plate of iron, hung by
an iron bow, to bake cakes upon.
Wh. GL; gen. Bakston' -cakes
are baked over the fire, in the
way indicated, and also by lay-
ing an oven-plate on the top of
the ' end-irons,' placed on each
side of the grate for the pur-
pose ; but a- bakston' proper is
often seen as a feature of an old
brick oven, and consists of a slab
of metallic stone, placed over a
limited aperture, and is remov-
able at pleasure. An old oven
was never complete without a
reserve of these stones, and often
baking would be going on over
the fire at the same time as in
the oven
Balk [bao-h'k]. This word is
very generally used, in various
compounds, peculiarly, fiafters
are house-balks. A scale-beam
is a weigh-balk. The iron bar
used in suspending pans over
the fire is the rannel, reckon,
or gally-balk [raan'u'l, rek'u'n,
gaal'i]. The ground a scythe
has swept at too great an altitude
is a swathe - balk [swe'h'dh-
bao'h'k]. A perch of any kind
gets the name of balk, as a hen-
balk. It is applied to the ceiling,
too. Of a room that has been
' underdrawn,' i. e. where a roof
of laths and plaster has been
constructed below the rafters it
will be said, ' The walls must be
white-washed, but the balk will
have to hold for another day'
[T wao'h'lz rnun* bi waa't-wesht*
but' t baolr'k ul' ev' tu ao'h'd fur*
unuodh-u di'h']. The shoulder-
piece of wood, from the ends of
which depend straps and hooks
for the carrying of pails, or cans,
is also caUed a balk. The word
r>
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
is used in town dialect, too, for
the top of a room, of any kind.
Balks [bao-h'ks] is especially ap-
plied to that part of a house im-
mediately under the roof, and
which is usually entered by a
man-hole. This part of any
building gets the name, as a
barn-loft ; gen. ' Go away to
the barn-balks and fetch me an
armful of straw-bands ' [Gaang-
uwi'h'z ti t baa-n-bao'h'ks, un'
fech' mu u e'h'm-fuol u st'ri'h'-
bunz].
Ballit [baal'it], ballad ; Mid.
Bam [baanv], a joke ; a counter-
feit. Wh. GL; Mid.
Ban [baaiv], v. n. and v. a. to
curse. Wh. GL; Mid.
Band [baand-'J, a hinge. Wli.
GL ; Mid.
Bane [be-h'n], adj. near; gen.
' It 's as bane again that gate '
ritz' uz* be'h'n ugi'h'n dhaat 1
gi'h't], as near again that way,
or in that direction. The Wh.
GL examples the superlative
form, also in use.
Bang [baang], v. a. and sb. to
beat with the fists, or to knock
any object about violently. The
verb is, too, a familiar substitute
for to thrash, in farming opera-
tions; gen.
Bannock [baan'uk], a water-cake ;
gen. Made of coarse meal, rolled
out thinly, and hung upon cords,
or on a rack, among the rafters,
to dry and harden.
Barf [baaf-], a low ridge of
ground. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Barguest [baa'gest] ; or Bargiss
[baa-jis], a goblin, or frightful
phantom; gen.
Barkum [baa-kum] a barfan, or
horse-collar; Mid. Barfan is
in use, too. ' Bumble-barfan '
[buonru'l-baa'fu'n], a collar
having a rush or reed casing, as
in -the Wh. GL
Barrow [baaru], a tumulus.
Wh. GL; gen.
Barzon [baa'zun], Wh. GL ;
Mid; but not commonly em-
ployed in the way indicated in
this glossary. It is applied in
respect of immoderation in the
conduct of a person. ' A greedy
barzon ' [U greedi baa'zun] ; ' a
good-to-(for)-nothing barzon' [u
gi'h'd tu naowt' baazun] ; ' a
bonny (fine) barzon' [u baoni
baa'zun]. When tawdriness or
a ridiculous appearance is im-
plied, blossom is used. ' I
never saw such a blossom in all
my born days ' [Aa- nivu see'd
sa'yk u blos'um i* yaal' maa*
baolr'n de-h'z].
Bass [baas'], any kind of mat ;
gen. Door-bass [di'h'r - baas ;
diwr-bass 1 ]. Pan-frass [paan*-
baas'], a feature of the kitchen
supper-table, in a farm-house;
the article being laid for the
usual pan of boiled milk set be-
fore the datal-men. A hassock
is a bass, too.
Bat [baat'], a blow. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Bat [baat-] ; or Batten [baat'u'n],
a bundle of straw, consisting of
two sheaves; gen. Also, the
portion of ground swept by one
stroke of a scythe ; Mid.
Batch [baach], a set company ; a
sect. Wh. GL; Mid.
Bauf [baolr'f-], adj. well-grown,
lusty. Wh. GL ; gen.
Bawson [bao'h'sun], a badger.
Baxter [baak'stu], a baker. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Beadle [brh'duT], a person re-
ceiving parish - pay, or alms.
Allusion is, at times, made to
the workhouse as the bead-house
[bi-h'dus]; Mid.
Beagle [brh'gu'l], a hound. Also,
a tawdry or strangely-dressed
person. Wh. GL ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Beal [brh'l], v. n. to bellow.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Bean-day [brh'n-drh'], a given
day; gen. These days have a
casual occurrence. When a
new-comer enters late upon the
occupancy of a farm, the rest of
the farmers of the village will
unite in doing him a good turn.
If it is ploughing that requires
to be done, they will go on to
the land, with their teams, and
plough all in a day, without un-
yoking, thus enabling the late-
comer to ' overtake the season.'
The evening of such a day is
spent in a festive manner; the
neighbours, generally, enjoying
the farmer's hospitality. At
times of push, as during rape
and mustard - thrashing, there
are bean-days, when neighbours
assist each other, by hand and
implement, with a merry even-
ing to follow. If a person
allows a foot-path across any
part of his land, this act of
sufferance is recognized by a
lean - day, when the farmers
render suit and service for the
concession. Soon, soon, moon,
and words of this class generally,
have [i'h'J for their vowel.
Beant [brh'nt, bih-'nt] ; or Bai'nt
[beh^nt], be not, is not. Wh.
Gl. This is a general form, but
infrequently used. It is hardly
to be recognized either as a Nid-
derdale or a Mid-York, form.
The three Whitby pronunciations
are given above, and these accur-
ately indicate the pronunciations
general to Nidd. and Mid- York.,
the short [e] being rarely used
alone in a word, as in the last
form. Beant is occasionally
employed in the clothing - dis-
trict, south-west.
Bear [brh'r], a lode ; Nidd.
Beaslings [bi-h'slinz] ; or Beast-
lings [bi'h'st'linz] ; or Bislings
[bis'linz], the first milk of
newly-calven cow, usually re-
served for puddings. Wh. GL
These forms are heard generally,
but a more common one is bees-
lins [bee'slinz], and in all the
[g] is very frequently heard.
Beb [beV] ; or Bezzle [bez-u'l],
v. a. and v. n. to be constantly
imbibing. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
last term usually implies avidity.
In each word there is an oc-
casional vowel-change from [e]
to [i].
Beck [bek-], a brook. Beck-
stones [bek-sti-h'nz]. Wh. GL;
gen. Usually applied to a shal-
low natural stream. A spring
beck; a running beck.
Beclarted [brtlaa-tid] ; or
Beclamed [bitle-h'md], adj.
splashed, or bemired. Wh. GL ;
gen. The verb, in each case,
is also in use actively.
Bedstocks [bed'stoks], bedstead.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Beeskep [bee*skep], a straw or
basket foe-hive. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Also, a bee-hoppit [bee'-opit].
Beggar - face [beg-ufrh's (and)
fe'h's (ref.)]; or Beggar - lug
[beg.uluog']., terms applied, in
mock-anger, to children; Mid.
A child will make the following
insidious proposition, in colloquy,
so as to be heard by a parent :
' I 've a good mind to go aways
and see how our peaches is get-
ting on' [Aa g v u gi'h'd maa'nd
tu gaang- uwi'h'z un' sey oo'
uo'h'r prh'chiz iz git'in aon'].
At which there is the quick re-
joinder, on the part of the parent,
half angry and half amused : ' I
lays (wager) thou won't, thou
young beggar -face' [Aa* le'h's
dhuo 'wrh'nt, dhoo' yuong'beg'-
ufi'h's],
Beggarstaff [beg-urstaaf-], beg-
gary. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Beha'vor [biye'h'vur], the pro-
nunciation of behaviour. Saviour
8
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
(as the one other word of the class
immediately occurring to me-
mory) is similarly treated by
many people [Se'h'vur] ; gen.
Be-awes [bi-ao-h'z] v. n. belongs ;
Mid. 'Who be-awes this barn
(child) ? ' [We'll' bi-ao'h<z dhis-
be-h'n?].
Behint [bi-int*], prep, behind.
Wh. OL ; gen.
Behodden [bi-aod'u'n], pp. or adj.
the pronunciation of beholden.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Belanter'd [bilaairt'ud] ; or Lan-
ter'd [laan't'ud], adj. belated.
Wh. OL; gen. Belantren'd
"bilaan't'rund] ; or Lantren'd
laan-t'rund] ; or Belantern'd
'bilaan'f rnd] ; or Lantern'd
laan't'und], are also Mid- York,
forms.
Belder [bel-d'ur], v. n. bellow.
Wh. GL:; gen. A child that cries
noisily Welders.
Belike [bilaayk, bilaa'k], adv.
probably; likely. Wh. GL;
gen.
Belk [belk'], condition, of body
or temper ; gen. ' In great belk '
[I gri'h't belk'], in a robust
state of health. ' He 's in great
belk about it/ [Eez' i gri'h't belk'
uboot' it'], in great spirits about
it.
Belk [belk-], v. a. and v. n.to bask ;
Mid. 'I saw a hag- worm, out
of the dike, belking in the lane'
[Aa see'd u aag'waom oot* ut'
daa'k bel'kin i t' luo'h'n].
Belk [belk'], v. n. belch. Wli.
Gl. ; gen. Also [bilk*].
Bellaces [bel-usiz-], sb. pi. the
tongues of lace-up quarter-boots ;
Mid.
Bellaven [bel-e'h'vu'n], expres-
sive of violence in concussion;
Mid. 'Thou gives that door
bellaven, going in and out'
[Dhoo giz- dhaat' di'h'r bel--
e'h'vu'n, gaanin in- un 4 oot'].
' Give him bellaven he deserves
it' [Gi inr bel'e'h'vu'n i di-
zaa'vz' it'], give him a sound
beating, &c.
Bell-horse [bel'ao-h's], a familiar
title bestowed on any one in the
position of leader of a party,
literally or figuratively; Mid.
In the days of packhorses, the
horse that went first, and which
wore bells, was called by this
name.
Bell-house [bel-oo-s], belfry.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Bellkite [bel-kaa-t (and) ka'yt].'
The usual application of this
term is in the way of good-hu-
moured reproach ; Mid. ' Thou
little bellkite, get out o' t' road '
[Dhoo- laal bel'ka'yt, git' oot.
ut' ruo'h'd].
Bellock [bel-uk], v. a. to devour;
gen.
Belloking [bel'ukin], adj. used
in respect of anything very great
in size; Mid. The object de-
scribed is a belloker [bel'ukur].
Bellos [bel'us]. 'As dark as
bettos' [Uz* daa'k uz' bel'uz] is
a proverbial expression; Mid.
Probably the indefinite article is
to be understood before the word.
Bellos is the pronunciation of
bellows.
Belly -timber [beHtimur], food,
familiarly. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Bellywark [beHwaa-k], the
belly-ache, or cholic. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Belt [bel't], p. part, of build;
gen.
Berril [buril], a wasp-like in-
sect, very troublesome to horses
in the field ; Mid.
Bessybab [bes'ibaab], one fond
of childish amusements. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Best-like [bes'tlaa-k], adj. a su-
perlative signifying comely, or
good-looking. ' That 's good-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
like ; that 's t' better-like ; but
that 's t' best-like' [Dhaats* gi'h'd-
laa'k, dhaats- 1 bet-'u laa'k, buod*
dhaats' t bes'tlaa'k] ; gen.
Better [bet/u], adv. in a better
manner ; with increased pains ;
gen. 'That dress has been
washed, and washed, and better
washed, and it still looks well.'
An illustration of the word fur-
nished from York, by a lady-cor-
respondent, but heard generally.
[Dhaat' d'ris* ez f bin' wesht', un*
wesht', inr bet-'u wesht-, uir it'
stil- li'h'ks weel.]
Betterin's [bet-'urinz], sb. pi.
superiors; spoken of persons;
Mid. 'He's none so keen of going
among his betterin's ' [Eez' ne'h'n
su kee'n u gaang'in umaang' iz"
bet''urinz],
Bettermost [bet-'umust-], the
comparative of better. Used,
also, in the sense of better-to-do ;
gen. * Are they well off ? ' ' Aye
(yes), they are of the bettermost
sort ' [Aa dhu weei aof- dhen- ?
Aay, dhur' ut* bet''urmus'
suo'h't],
Bettermy [bet-'umi] ; or Better-
more [bet-'umuoh''], adj. of a
better c
a superior
gen.
Betterness [bet-'unus], amend-
ment. Wh* Ol. ; gen.
Betweenwhiles [bitwee-nwaa-lz],
in the' mean time. Wh. Gl.;
gen. Also, Atweenwhiles [Ut-
wee-nwaa-lz], and [ih >5 ] is in
interchange with [ee*]. In each
case, the singular form is com-
mon, too.
Beugh [b:i'w] or Bow [boo-] ; or
Bea [bi'h']; or Beaf [bi'h'f],
bough ; gen. Bow and Beugh
are the usually spoken forms,
and the refined one [buuw].
Old people cleave to the last
two exampled, of which [brh'f]
is mostly heard before a con-
sonant.
A bettermy body,'
person. Wh. OL ;
Beyont [Bi-yuolr'nt, bi-yaont',
bi-yaant'], prep, and adv. beyond.
Wh. OL; gen. The last pro-
nunciation is nearly confined to
Mid- York. Ayont is also gener-
ally employed as a preposition.
' He ' s ayont yonder ' [Eez uyaont'
yuolr'nd'ur].
Bezom [brh'zum], a birch, or
moor-heather broom. ' He 's as
fond as a bezom' [Eez % uz* faond'
uz- u bi'h'zum], or fresom-headed
[bi'h'zum-i'h'did], very foolish.
Wh. OL; gen. Bezom is applied,
too, to a ddrty person.
Bid [bid-], v. a. to invite; pp.
bidden, bodden [bid-u'n, baod"-
u'n]. Bidder [bid'ur], the per-
son who bids to a funeral. Wh.
OL ; gen. Badden [baad-u'n],
p. t. also ; Mid.
Bide [baa'd], v. a. and v. n. to
abide, or endure ; gen. ' I 've
bidden and bidden it while I
can bide it no longer ; I 've swal-
lowed the kirk, but I can't swal-
low the steeple' [Aa'v bid'u'n
un* baod'u'nt waa-1 Aa Jmn"
baa'd it' nu langur Aa'vswaal'-
ud t kaork' bud* Aa- kaa-nt
swaal'u t sti'h'pu'l]. Many of
these verbs have various vowel-
changes, as this one, for example,
with[beh''d], [baod-], and[baad-]
in the past; and [bid-u'n], [baod'-
u'n] and [buod'un] as perfect
participles. In each case, the
vowel [ao]. is also clearly [o] at
times.
Bide [baayd, baa'd], v. a. and
v. n. to rest, dwell, or tarry.
Wh. OL ; gen.
Bidest'e [baa'dstu], an example of
the ending common to verbs, the
s being always added. The sense
here is bide, or stay thou, impe-
ratively ; the association of the
pronoun begetting the idiom. So
gangst'e [gaan'stu], for#o thou!
walkst'e [waolr'kstu], for walk
thou ! i. e. go thy way If ' Trem-
blest'e always in that way when
10
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
there 's a whewt (a slight whistle
one with breath in it) besides
the house-door?' [T'rinru'lztu
yaal'us i 'dhaat' wi'h' win* dhuz'
u whiwt' usaa'dz t oo'S di'h'r],
Do you always tremble in that
way? &c. The idiom is often
increased in the construction of
sentences. 'If thou will gan,
e'en ganst'e, but, pray thee now,
Udesfe a bit' [If- dhuo -wil'
gaan' een' 'gaan-stu, bud- pridh'
u noo' baa'dstu u bit 1 ] ; Mid.
Bield [bih-'ld], a cattle or fother-
shed, out in the fields. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Big [big-], v. n. build. Biggin
[big-iii], a building. Bigger
[big'ur], to grow larger. ' It
bigger* of it' [It' big-uz on't].
Wh. GL; gen.
Bilk [bilk'], v. a., v. n., and sb.
belch; gen.
Bilking [bil'kin], adj. huge;
gen.
Bill [bil'], v. n. to labour in-
cessantly ; Mid. ' Sitting at it '
[bflin aat- it'].
Billybiter [biH-ba'yt'ur], the
bluecap; gen.
Bing [bingg-] ; or Beng [bengg-],
v. a. bang ; gen. The first form
is usually employed after an
auxiliary verb. Bang [baangg']
is also in use, and is the substan-
tive form. Bing and Bang are
the rural forms, Beng being the
common one in town dialect.
Bing [bingg-]. A ling of ore con-
tains eight weighs, a weigh be-
ing a hundredweight ; Nidd.
Bink [bingk-], bench. Wh. Gl;
gen. Bench is heard occasionally,
too, as [binch'].
Binwood [bnrwuod'], woodbine ;
Mid.
Birk [bu'k], birch. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Bit [bit-], adj. little; Mid. 'T'
lit bairns ' [T bit' be'h'nzj, the
little children.
Bittle and Pin [bit'u'l un p:rn],
a hand-substitute for the rolling-
press, or mangle, for small ar-
ticles ; the little being an instru-
ment of battledore shape ; the
pin a roller; the work being
done on a table. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Battle [baat'u'l] is as much-
used a form in Mid- York.
Biv [biv], prep, by ; gen. Used
before a vowel, or silent h, and
terminating an interrogative
sentence when there is an un-
derstood personal pronoun in
connection. ' Thou 's going to
get called over t' rolls,' called
to account. ' Who liv ? ' [Dhooz'
gaa'in tu git' kaolr'ld aowr t
raowl'z. We'h' biy ?] And so
without becomes [bivoot']. The
usual form of the preposition is
[baa-].
Blackaviz'd [blaak-uvizd-], adj.
dark-visaged. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Blade [bli-h'd], leaf; Mid. Often
heard in this sense, referring to
the leaf of a tree. This seems to
be the case, too, in the common
saying, during winter, ' Now,
that there 's neither a Hade up
nor down' [Noo* ut' dhuz' naow-
dh'ur u bli'h'd uop- nur doo'n].
Blair [ble'h'r], v. n. to bellow,
or squall. Also as a v. a. to pro-
trude the tongue ; gen. A per-
son is said to Hair, too, who
protrudes the eyes. ' Don't llair
S>ur eyes out at me ' [Din*ut
e'h'r dhi ee'n (or [ih-'n]) oot'
ut- -mey]. The Wh. Gl. has
Hairing, part. a. in the sense
first indicated. See Blear.
Blake [ble-h'k], adj. of a yellow
colour. ' As Hake as butter '
[Uz- ble'h'k uz- buot''ur]. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Blanch [blaansh ], a large ball-
shaped mass of ore ; Nidd.
Blasli [blaash-], v. a., v. n., and
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
11
sb. to splash ; gen. to the county.
The word has also a figurative
use, in the sense of toiling slav-
ishly. ' I '11 Hash no more for
nobody ' [Aai blaash' mr me'h'r
fur* 'neir'bdi'], will work no
more for anybody. Of a hard-
working person it will be said,
that she is ' Washing at it from
morn to night' [blaash'in aat'
it* fre'h' 'muolr'n tu *nee't] ;
and the woman herself will de-
clare, that she may blash herself
* to pieces and be no better
thought of [Aa' mu blaash' mi-
sen* tu 'bit's un* bi nu bet - 'ur
thaowt' on']. A southern York-
shire woman would utter the
same sentence, in her own way.
Blash is applied to water, fami-
liarly, or to anything of a watery
nature. Weak tea, or poor ale,
is blash, or blashy, adj. Wet
weather is said to be blashy, too.
Nonsense is blashy talk, blash,
or \)]ish-blash, as in the Wh.
Gl.
Blate [ble-h't], adj. bashful ; gen.
Blay [ble'h'J, v. n. to bleat ; Mid.
Blea [bli'h'] (i. e. blue), adj. a
livid colour, as the face with
cold. 'He looks as blea as a
whetstone' [Ee li'h'ks uz* blr
uz'u wet -stun]. Wh. GL ; gen.
So, also, [bli'h'buri] for bilberry.
In the south, too, the phrase, ' As
blue [bl:i'w (and) bl:e'w] as a
whetstone,' is common.
Bleak [blrh'k], v. n. to talk in
an empty, noisy way ; Mid.
Bridge [brij ], v. a. to bate. ' I
never go to that shop; they
bridge nought' [Aa* nivur gaans*
tu dhaat' shop ; dhe brij ' naowt']
bate, or abridge the price of
nothing.
Blear [bli-h'r], v. n. the parti-
cipial form blearing' is exampled
in the Wh. Gl. ; meaning, ex-
posing one's-self to cold without
necessary apparel. This form is
in general use in Nidd. and Mid-
York. ; the verb is not heard.
But blairing is used with the
same meaning, and the words
merely suggest a difference in
pronunciation. The word, too,
conveys the idea of wilful ex-
posure, or protrusion. A child
might run out on a summer's
day in full winter costume, to
see some unusual object, and the
word would be applied just the
same that is, to the wilful, ex-
posed act of quitting the house.
See Blair.
Bleazewig [blrh'zwig], applied,
as in the Wh. GL, to one whose
habits do not befit his years;
gen.
Bleb [bleb-] ; or Blob [blob-], sb.
and v. n. a bubble; a blister.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also blib [blib-] ;
Mid. Town dialect has blob,
with an occasional form in blub
[bluob'] (v. n.).
Bleck [blek'], the oleaginous-
matter at the friction points of
machinery. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Blen'corn [blen-kuolr'n], wheat
mixed with rye. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Blendings [blen'dinz], sb. pi.
beans and peas together. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Blethering [bledh-urin], loud,
vulgar talking. Wh. GL ; gen.
The neuter verb blethur [bledh'-
ur] is in common use, too.
Blin [blin*], adj., v. a., and sb.
blind. A pronunciation general
to the county, and applicable,
not to a class, but to other simi-
lar words find, behind, bind,
climb, rind, wind, and more, in
which i short is heard.
Blindybuff [blin-dibuof], the wild
poppy; gen. Called, also, a
'popple' [pop-u'l].
Blink [blingk-], v. n. and sb.
wink. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Bliss [blis'J v. a. and interj. bless;
Mid. But more used as an in-
terjection than as a verb, and
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
not usually adopted in the par-
ticipial forms.
Blunder [bluon'd'ur], v. a. to
render thick and muddy, as
liquids appear when the sedi-
ment is disturbed. Wh. GL In
Mid-York, the term is of wider
application, in the sense of mix-
ing, or disarranging. To mix
liquors wrongly is to blunder
them. When unskilful hands
have thrown a clock out of or-
der, in interfering with its me-
chanism, they have blundered it.
Of small shot, of different sizes,
it will be said, 'Don't go and
blunder them pellets' [Din'ut
gaan* un' bluon'd'u dhenr pel'-
its], don't go and mix them.
Blunten [bluon-tu'n], v. a. blunt;
past part, bluntened [bluon't-
u'nd] ; Mid.
Blusterous [bluos't'rus] ; or Blus-
tery [bluos't'ri], adj. blustering.
A weather term. Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Bluster is also used as an im-
personal verb. 'How it does
bluster and blow' [Or it' 'dis'
bluos't'ur un* blao'h'].
Blether [bledh'ur] ; or Bluther
[bluodh-ur] ; or Blither [blidlr-
ur], v. n. Wh. Gl. To weep,
in a noisy sobbing way; to
blubber. Also, used substan-
tively, in a jocular manner ;
gen. ' Thou is making a bluther
of it!' [Dhoo* *:rz maak'in u
bluodh'ur on' t]. Also with [d']
in place of [dh] in each case.
Blutherment [bluodh-urment],
mud, slime. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Also figuratively, for uncon-
nected or ridiculous talk.
Bob [bob*], v. a. and sb. to sur-
prise; Mid.
Bo 1 den [baowdun], v. n. bolden,
to go boldly. ' Bo 1 den to him'
[boaw'dun tiv* inr], go boldly
to him. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Boggle [bog-u'l] ; or Boggart
[bog-ut] ; or Boggard [bog'ud],
a hobgoblin. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
In this word [ao] may sometimes
be distinguished, but [o] is
usually employed.
Boily [bao-yli], babies'-food, of
flour and milk. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Usually applied to boiled milk.
' What 's thou going to have for
supper ? ' 'I think I '11 have
some boily ' [Waats' tu boon* tu
e fu' suop-ur ? Aa* thingk' aal'
e suom' bao'yli]. When con-
taining broken bread, the mess
becomes * pobs ' [pobz', paobz].
Boken [buoh-'ku'n], v. n. to
strain, as Boak [buoh''k], in
sickness ; gen.
Bollar [bol-ur], boulder; Mid.
Bellas [baol-us] ; or Bullas
[buol'us], a small wild plum,
the fruit of the sloe, or black-
thorn. The last form is general ;
the first a Mid- Yorkshire. The
word is the synonym for what
is bright, black, or sour. ' As
bright as a bullets ' [Uz* bree't '
uz' u buol'us], &c.
Bolt [bolt-] (short o), a walled
passage, open at the top ; Mid.
In town dialect, ginnil [gin'il].
In the north, [guon'il],
Bonnyish [baoni-ish], adj. com-
paratively bonny. Also, iron-
ically, ' A bonnyish lot ' [U
baon'i-ish lot'], a fine lot. Wh.
GL; gen.
Bool [booi], v. a.,v.n., and sb. the
general northern pronunciation
of bowl. The refined form is
[boaw'l] and [buuw'l] (peasants'
refined). These pronunciations
are, too, those of bowl, a vessel,
and are common to both phases of
dialect. [Bool, boaw'l] with
[boaw'l] and [buuw'l] refd., are
also employed substantively for
a hoop. The general town or
southern form of the verb is
[baa'l], refined [baaw'l]. In these
respective phases, the word is
only used substantively of a
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
13
hoop, and not of a wooden ball,
as in rural dialect. Bowl, a ves-
sel, is [baowl].
Boon [boo'n] ) or Bun [buon'],
bound, i. e. going, in an under-
stood direction. Employed as
an active participle. Wh. GL ;
gen. 'I 's (I 'm) boon myself to-
day' [Aa'z boo'n mis:e'ltu di'h'],
going myself to-day.
Bore-tree [bot-'ri, baot-'ri], the
elder; Mid. Wh. Gl. I follow
the spelling of this glossary, but
the Mid-Yorkshire Bottery, as
pronounced, and above rendered,
would not be taken for the same
word.
Botch [boch*, baocrr], a cobbler,
familiarly. Botch, v. a. to
patch. Wh. OL; gen. 'Can
you manage to botch my boots
to-morrow ? ' [Kaan* yi maan'ish
tuboch' maa' bi'h'ts tumuolr'n ?]
Botchet [boch it], honey - beer.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Botherment [baod-'ument], a
trouble, or difficulty. Wh. GL;
gen.
Bottery. See Bore-tree.
Bottle [bot'u'l], applied to a
large bundle of short straw ;
gen. An old-fashioned portion,
enough to bed a horse up to its
knees.
Bouk [buo-k], bulk ; size. Wh.
GL; gen. Mostly in use with
the last meaning, though fre-
quently with the first. A person
is described as being of ' bouk
an' bane' [buo'k un* be'h'n], of
bulk and bone big and strong.
Bounder [boo-nd'ur], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to bounce. * Don't fling
it bounder it' [Drh'nt flingg'
it' boo'nd'ur it'], don't throw it
make it bounce; Mid. Ex-
ampled as a sb. in the Wh. GL
Bounder [boo'nd'ur], a landmark,
boundary, wall, or fence. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Boundsey [buo'nsi], the designa-
tion of a person, of either sex,
who combines a rotund appear-
ance with an unusually active
gait ; gen.
Bow [boo 1 ], v. a. and sb. to bend ;
gen. 'Bow me that bough'
[Boo' mu dhaat' bi'h'f], bend
me that bough, or branch. [Boo']
is also the pronunciation of bow,
a iveapon ; and of bow, to bend,
as in ordinary use. This form
is, however, in its several senses,
the commonly spoken one, used
in courteous conversation, and
old people invariably employ
[bi'h']. Bough has, too, both
these pronunciations, and usu-
ally requires the help of a sen-
tence, or of an understood rela-
tion, to distinguish it from boiu.
See Beugh. When bend is em-
ployed, the vowel is supplanted
by [i]. The refined form of boiv
is not much used, but when used
is [buuw].
Bowdykite [boawdika'yt- (and)
kaa't], a forward, or saucy
young person. Wh. GL ; gen.
Bowkers ! [boawkuz], an inter-
jection of mock or real wonder;
Mid. Also joined to the pro-
noun me. [Boaw'kuz-mey !]
Bowzy [boawzi], adj. of a jovial,
liquor-liking appearance. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Braew [braiw], p. t. of brew;
Mid.
Brai'd [bre'h'd], v. a. to resemble.
Usually associated with on ; gen.
to the county. Wh. GL ' Thou
brai'ds o' my Lord Mayor's fool ;
thou likes aught that 's good '
[Dhoo* bre'h'dz u mi Luoh-'d
.JMe'h'z fi'h'l: dhoo laa'ks aowt
utz' gi'h'd].
Brander [braan'd'ur], v. n. to
broil. Wh. GL; Mid.
Brant [braant-] ; or Brent [brent-],
adj. steep. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Brash [braaslr], rubbish. Brashy,
u
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
or inferior. Wh. GL
poor,
gen.
Brashling [braash-Iin] .
11 C1_'l -1? _ -T-'IJ '
a weak-
ling. Said of a child, or animal;
gen.
Brass [braas*], money, coin of
any kind. Wh. GL ; gen.
Bratted [braat-id], pp. slightly
curdled. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Brat
[braat*] also, v. n.
Braunging [brao-h'n-jin], adj. of
a huge, coarse appearance. Wh.
GL; gen.
Brave [bre'h'v], adj. fine, ex-
cellent, well-looking. Bravely
[bre'h'vli], very well the reply
to the customary ' How do you
do ? ' Wh. GL ; gen. Also, sub-
stantively.
Brawn [brao'h'n], boar ; Mid.
Bray [bre-h'], v. a. to beat, or
chastise ; to pound, as wheat is
brayed, to prepare it for boiling.
Wh. GL ; gen. to the county.
Bread [bri-h'd] ; or Brai'd
[bre'h'd], v. a. to resemble; gen.
The last is the refined form.
Both forms are associated in use
with on, as a following word.
Bree [bree'J ; or Brew [briw] ;
or Brea [bri'h'], brow, as in
eye-brow [ee - bri'h']. The first
and last forms are general ; the
second is a Nidderdale form.
The pronunciation of brow, in
pause, is [broo*], generally.
Breed [bree-d], breadth. Breeds
[bree-dz], breadths. ' It 's about
the size of my thumb, and the
breed of my hand' [Its- uboo't
t* buo'k u mi thuonv un* t bree-d
u mi aan-]. 'A brick o' breed'
[U bri'k u bree-d], a brick of
(in) breadth. The swathes made
by mowers are called breeds.
[Brilr'd] is also occasionally
heard from old people, the vowel
in this case being short ; gen.
Breeks [breeks*], breeches. Wh.
GL; gen.
Brekin [brek-in], a portion of a
tree with diverging branches,
such as is often to be found on
the ground; Mid. The Wh.
GL has ' Breekin, the natural
forked division of a tree,' which
seems to imply merely the na-
tural appearance of the lower
part of the tree itself.
Bre'kly [brek-li], adj. brittle;
Mid. Poor, dry straw is said to
be mushy and bre'My [muoshi
un' brek'li], friable and brittle.
Brekens [brek-u'ns], ferns ; gen.
Brian [braayun]. When it is
necessary to clean out a fire-
place, and yet to retain a re-
siduum of the burning fuel, this
residuum is called the brian; gen.
Boilers, ' set-pots ' (open boilers,
set in brick), and large ovens,
with the fire-grate underneath,
are usually brianed, for conveni-
ence.
Brig [brig-], bridge. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Brist [bris't], breast ; gen. Not
pronounced according to rule
in relation to this class of word.
Brizzle [briz-u'l] ; or Bruzzle
[bruoz-u'l], v. a. to scorch, near
to burning; to broil; Brussle
[bruos'u'l], to burn slightly, or
singe ; Mid.
Broach [bruo'h'ch], a steeple, or
spire. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Brock [brok-], a badger ; gen.
Brock [brok-], the cuckoo-spit in-
sect found on green leaves in an
immersion of froth. ' I sweat
like a brock ' [Aa - swi'h't laa'k
ubrok-]. Wh. GL ; gen. It is
usual, but optional, to add the
s to sweat, as to all common
verbs, by rule.
Brog [brog-], v. n. and v. a. to
browse, from place to place, as
cattle. Wh. GL ; Mid. The
term is also personal in applica-
tion. ' I shall go to no more
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
15
stattis (statute-hirings) ; I shall
brog at home' [Aa' sul' gaan- tu
mi me'h'r staat'iz ; Aa' suT
brog' lit' 'yaam'].
Brogwood [brog-wuod], brush-
wood; but more particularly the
undergrowths on which cattle
feed, or browse ; Mid.
Brou [bruo-] ; or Brea [bri'h'],
brother ; gen. ' He 's going to
Thirsk, to see his brea' [Eez-
gaa'in tu Thuosk', tu see' iz'
bri'h'].
Brow [bri'h', brcxr], a hill ; gen.
Browl [braowi], a lack-manners;
Mid.
Browl [broo'l, braowi], sb and
v. n. Applied to a gruff, noisy
state of temper ; gen. ' Going
brawling about in that ga'te
(way) t' man 's no hold of him-
self [Gaan'in broo'lin uboot'
i 'dhaat' gi'h't t maan'z ne'h'
aoh-'d u izsen']. Here there
are two forms suggestive of the
distinctive character of town and
rural dialect. The' two pro-
nunciations indicated obtain in
rural dialect ; and in town dialect
there are two others [braawl]
and [braa'l]. These distinctions
are localized in their pairs, and
remain a hard-and-fast feature
of respective phases.
Brudder [bruod-'ur] ; or Brither
[bridh'ur], brother. The first
form is general, and the last an
occasional Mid- Yorkshire one.
Brou (see), however, is the fa-
miliar one, generally.
Brummels [bruom-ulz]; or Bum-
melkites]buom'ulka'y ts] , hedge
blackberries. Brummel-nosed
[bruonvul - nuo'h'zd], said of
a person who has the toper's
purple nose. Wh. Gl. Both
these terms are heard in Mid-
York., but only brummelkites in
Nidderdale, and in each locality
the substantives have a singular
form.
Brim [bruon*], adj. brown ; Mid.
Brunt [bruont'], adj. precipitous.
Also, in regard to personal ad-
dress. Wh. 01. ; Mid. ' A brunt
hill' [U bruont' ill']. 'He is
over brunt for some folk (too
abrupt for some people), but one
likes him no worse for it' [Eez*
aow'h'r bruont' fu suonv fuo'h'k,
but' yaan' laa'ks inv nu waa's
fut'].
Bruntling [bruon -tlin], adj. ap-
plied to a robust, brisk person,
with manners which are greatly
in one's way ; Mid. ' A great
bruntling fellow he 'd shift a
horse, by the look of him' [U
gri'h't bruon 'tlin fel'u, ee'd shift'
u 'aos' bi t li'h'k on* inv].
Brus'enhearted [bruos-u'naa'tid
(and) e'h'tid], adj. heart-broken.
Also heart-torus' en [aa'tbruos-
u'n]. Wh. GL; gen. Brus'en,
burst, is a constituent of many
compounds, and is more employ-
ed in a simple form than the
common verb.
Bms'enkite [bruos'u'nkaa't (and)
ka'yt (ref.)] ; or Brus'enguts
[bruos'u'nguots], a glutton; gen.
Brust [bruost'], v. a. and v. n.
burst ; gen. to the county. Wh.
GL Brus'en [bruos'u'n] is also
put to the use of an active verb.
The past tenses, in each case,
are [bruost'] and [braast'] ;
[bruos'u'n] and [bros'u'n]. In.
rural dialect [brost'] and [braas 1 -
u'n] are additional past forms.
Bruz [bruoz'], v. a. and sb.
bruise ; gen. ' Thou 's gotten a
bonny ("fine," or "sad") bruz'
[Dhooz* git'u'n u baon'i bruoz'].
Bub [buob'] ; or Bubs [buobz 1 ] ;
or Baretoutos [be'h'buobs'], a
young naked bird of any kind ;
gen.
Buck [buok'], a roe ; gen.
Buck [buok'], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to butt ; Mid.
16
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY*
Bucker [buok'ur], an ore-crush-
ing, or sand-hammer; Nidd.
Budge [buoj'], v. imp. to swell;
Mid. 'Look how it 's budging
up!' ['Li'h'k oo- its buoj in
uop'] k
Bulls [buolz*], sb. pi. the spiked
timbers of a harrow ; gen.
Bullseg [buol'seg], a castrated
bull. Wh. GL ; gen.
Bullspink [buol-spingk], the chaf-
finch. Wh. GL; gen.
Bullstang [buol-staang], the
dragon-fly. Wh> GL; gen. Also
Bulltang [buol'taang] ; Mid.
Bulsh [buolsh*], v. a. and sb. to
indent, or bruise, without mak-
ing a breach, as a plastered wall
may be bulsh'd, or bulshed in, by
a blow of the foot ; Mid.
Bumble-bee [buonru'l-bee*], the
wild hornless bee. Wh. GL ; gen.
Bum'le [buonru'l], a state of
awkward bustle ; Mid.
Bun [biion*], a reed growing in
hedgerows, and used for candle-
spells ; gen.
Bunch [buonslv], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to kick. Wh. GL ; gen.
Limited in application to persons,
and not employed figuratively,
as a simple verb.
Bunehclot [buonslrtlaot], a clod-
hopper. Wh. GL ; gen. Not
much used, but known quite
well. A ' gauvey,' or gawky
specimen of rusticity, is a loan-
gaper [luo'h'n-gelr'pur], lane-
gaper ; Mid.
Bur [buor, baor], v. a. and sb.
to maintain an object in position
by blockage or leverage, as the
wheel of a vehicle is burred with
a stone, or a partially raised
weight is burred up from the
ground with a crowbar ; gen.
Burdenband [baod'unbaan], a
hempen hay-band. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Burl [bu'l], v. a. and v. n. to
pour; gen. At a tea-table, it
will be asked : ' Who 's going
to be the burler-out ? ' [We'h'z
faa'in tu bi t bu'lur-oot' ?] A.S
yrelian.
Burn [baonr, buorn'J, a consider-
able brook, or stream. Wh. GL ;
Mid. The verb to burn is pro-
nounced [bon' (and) baon*], but
in the substantive exampled the
[r] is invariably heard.
Burn-fire [bu-n-faayr, bmrfaayr],
bon-fire. One or other of these
forms would be what a stranger's
ear would encounter in South
Yorkshire. But the form proper
to the dialect due south is
bone-fire [buo'h'n-faayr]. In
the south-west, the term is, in
the Halifax district, bun-fire
[buon-faayr] ; and in the Hud-
dersfield [buon'faoyr]. In Mid-
Yorks., and generally north, the
terms are bun-fire [buon-faa-r]
andbon-fire[baon'faa"r].'Baon'',
in the last word, at once suggests
burn, [ao] short displacing the
[u] in words of this class, by
rule. In the north-west of the
county, the form is bean-fire
[bi-h'n-f:aa;yr]. < Brh'n ' _is the
pronunciation of bone, as in the
north generally. In refined
rural dialect, there is a change
again to [bao'ii-feyr].
Burn-lit-on't ! [baoniitont'], an
imprecation, usually without
more meaning than is associated
with a passing ebullition of tem-
per. Wh. GL ; gen.
Busk [buosk'J, v. n. to hurry a
departure ; Mid. ' Now, come,
busk I ' [Noo, kuo'm, buosk'],
be off !
Busk [buoslr], bush ; Nidd.
Butter-bump [buot''u-buoinp], a
buttercup ; gen.
Butterscot [buot-'uskaot], a sweet-
meat, compounded of treacle,
sugar, and butter. Wh. GL ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
17
Buzzard [buoz-ud], one addicted
to a state of cowardly affright;
gen.
Bychance [baa'chaans], an unex-
pected occurrence ; gen.
By el aw [baa-lao"h', baa'lao"].
Some years ago, an old bellman
and his wife were wont to per-
form the round of a north-riding
village (Tollerton, near Easing-
wold), and make the following
announcement, in giving notice
of a parish-meeting, where the
overseers' business was trans-
acted* But, first, the man rang
his bell, after which proceeding
the old lady blew a horn, and
then came the announcement,
made by the former : ' O, yes !
. O, yes ! this is to gi'enoatidge !
Awe', aweay to t' Bahlaw, to t'
Skeal-hoose, at seven o'clock to-
neet ' [Ao'h' yis% ao'h' yis* !
dhis- is' tu gi nuo'h'tij ! Uwr,
uwi'h' tut baa'lao"h',tit' ski'h'l-
oos', ut' sivu'n utlok'tu neet'],
O, yes ! O, yes ! this is to give
notice ! Away, away to the Bye-
laiv, to the School-house, at
seven o'clock to-night.
Bygang [baa-gaang, baaygaang],
bypath. Wh. GL ; gen.
By Gok [baa- Gok- (and) Gaoh'-k],
a petty oath; gen. in the two
forms. I Gocks [I Gok's] is also
heard, less frequently, with the
occasional emphatic rendering of
the pronoun [:Aa*y].
Bynames [baa-nr-h'mz], sb. pi.
These, attaching to persons, are
a feature of the manufacturing
district, and especially of the
clothing- villages. But the prac-
tice of conferring bynames pre-
vails more generally in the rural
localities. Indeed, almost every-
thing and everybody is made
subject to custom in this way,
but with no harmful feeling. The
village is known by a byname;
the church, chapel, or meeting-
barn, have their homely equiva-
lents in such phrases as ' t' aud
hoose,' the old house ; ' t' aud
pleace/ the old place ; and
others less favourably expressive :
the hall, and various particular
dwellings, have their bynames ;
the fields about have all names
of their own, expressive of situ-
ation, size, character, or, what is
most common, some traditionary
association ; the people collect-
ively have their byname to others
of the neighbouring villages;
and very many people are known
individually by other names than
those their sponsors in baptism
may be considered as accountable
for. There is an authentic and
curious list of old rural bynames
preserved in connection with the
muster-rolls of the Dales' Volun-
teers, who were up in arms at
the beginning of the present cen-
tury, for some account of which
see the PREFACE, where further
illustrations of bynames will be
found.
By now [binoo*], adv. by this
time. Wh. Gi ; gen.
By -past [baay (and) baa-paast],
adj. bygone. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Byre [baayh'r], a cowhouse, or
' mistal ; ' Mid.
Bystead [baa-str-h'd], usually ap-
plied to a distinctively-featured
byway, as one which is paved,
used by vehicles, or flanked at
intervals by some kind of struc-
ture; gen.
Cadge [kaaj ], v. a. and v. n. to
beg ; Mid. A word used pecu-
liarly. One going with corn to
grind, is taking it to cadge. A
' cadging-mill ' is a miller's, or
flour-mill, and a miller not only
a ' badger,' but also a * cadger.'
In the Leeds dialect cadge has
a primary meaning, to beg, and
a secondary one, to steal. The
country word ' cadger,' for mil-
ler, may be of recent and per-
2
18
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
haps a humorous origin. It is
erroneous to suppose that a vo-
cabulary is never added to. See
Bellos. Words descriptive of
character, and especially words
describing the movement of ob-
jects, sometimes seem to be
evolved in common conversation.
Caff [kaaf ], v. n. to rue ; gen.
' Caff - hearted ; [kaaf- - aa'tid
(and) e'h'tid], chicken-hearted.
Cagmag [kaag-maag], sb. and
adj. refuse; any worthless ma-
terial. Used, also, of persons,
contemptuously; gen.
Cagment [kaag-ment (and) mint],
sb. sing, and plur. Applied to
people who are in any way of a
disreputable character ; Mid.
Cai'njy [ke-h'nji], adj. discon-
tented ; sour ; cross-tempered.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Cake [keh-'k], v. n. cackle. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Call [kao'h'l], v. a. to abuse ; gen.
to the county. Wh. Gl. The
word means, also, to scold. A
sentence of interrogative and
reprimand, such as is on the
lips of mothers many times a
day, is regarded as a ' calling '
medium. This form becomes a
substantive, and has often 8
added when directly signifying
a scolding or abuse. So, too, with
call, a children's substantive,
which is heard as calls [kao'h'lz].
Callin'-band [kaaHn-baand] ; or
Cal-band [kaal'-baand], the
guard or safety-band attached
to young children ; gen.
Callit [kaaHt], sb. and v. n.
gossip ; Mid.
Cam [kaanr], a rise of hedge-
ground ; gen. ' Cam-side ' [kaam*-
saa'd].
Canny [kaairi], adj. exact; me-
thodical; careful; fair-dealing;
nice in appearance ; or nicely
proportionate; gen. Canny in-
dividuals are little, brisk, and
clean - looking. Among the
crockery kept for show in a par-
lour cupboard, a sugar-basin is
sometimes met with, having the
jocular inscription, 'Be canny
with it.'
Canty [kaan-ti], adj. brisk, lively.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Cap [kaap'], v. a. to surprise ; to
crown, or consummate ; gen. ' I
was fair capt ' [Aa* wur* fe'h'r
kaapt'], quite surprised. ' Well,
now, that 's a capper ' [Wee'l,
noo, dhaats' u kaap'ur], a thing
to be surprised at. ' That 's a
capper' [Dhaats' u kaap-ur], a
crowner, in the way of argu-
ment. * That caps him ' [Dhaat'
kaaps* inv], surprises him.
' That 's the capper of the lot,
however ' [Dhaats' t kaap-ur uf
lot', oo-ivur], must bear the
palm for size, quality, disposi-
tion, or whatever is under allu-
sion.
Capper [kaap'ur], an extinguisher;
Card [ke'h'd, kaa'd] (ref.), v.a. To
1 card up ' a hearthstone is, in
a strict way of speaking, merely
to separate and remove the ashes
and cinders, and involves no
further labour. A mother will
tell a child to ' card up, ready
for sweeping ; ' and when the
refuse is raked up, although
the floor be covered with dust,
the ' carding' is completed. This
limited sense of the word is
quite understood, although it is
expanded in common use, and to
' card up ; a room means, to put
it generally to rights. It is usual
to associate the adverb with the
verb, but the latter is often used
alone; gen.
Ca'ker [kaa'kur], the binding of
iron on a clog-sole. A miners'
term ; Nidd.
Carl [kaa-1), a foolish, ignorant
KID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
19
person. Wh. Gl. Chiefly heard
in Mid-Yorks.
Carl [kaa'l], v. n. and sb. gossip ;
Mid.
Callings [kaa-linz], sb. pi. grey
peas. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Carly [kaaii], adj. unmannered ;
Carny [kaa-ni], v. n. and v. a. to
entreat; gen. One of the say-
ing class of words. Where, in
ordinary English, it would be
said, that a person ' lingered in
the endeavour to persuade ' an-
other to some act, the words be-
tween inverted commas are, in
the past of the verb, understood.
' He carnied about him for ever
so long' [Ee kaa'nid uboo't im*
fur- ivur su laang'].
Carr [kaa'r], a low-lying place,
usually land between ridges;
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Cat-collop [kaat'kaolup], the in-
meat belonging to a pig ; gen.
Cathaws [kaat-ao-z, kaat-aoh'z],
sb. pi. the fruit of the hawthorn.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Catjug [kaat'juog], the berry of
the wild, or dog-rose tree ; Mid.
Cat'whelp [kaat'welp], a kitten.
Wh. GL; Mid. And, Kitling
[kit'lin] generally.
Catwhin [kaat'win], the herb
* setwall,' or valerian ; gen.
Caumeril [kao-li'mu'ril] ; or Gau-
meril [gao'h'mu'ril], a crooked
stick, having a series of notches
at each end, and used for ex-
panding the legs of slaughtered
animals. Wh. GL ; gen.
Cauve [kao'h'v], v. a. to gravitate
in mass, as a bank of soft lumpy
soil will do ; gen.
Cav' [kaav], cave, cavern; Mid.
Cave [ke-h'v, krh'v], v. a. to tilt,
or overturn ; gen.
Caw [kaoh-'J, v. n. and sb. to
breathe hard and imperfectly, as
when contending with internal
pain ; gen. ' He suffers a deal ;
he can't get his breath ; he does
nought but caw' [Ee suof'uz u
di'h'l ; i kaa'nt git' iz* bri'h'th ;
i diz* naowt' bud' kao'h']. ' One
can hear his caws all over the
house' [Yaan'kurri'h'r iz'kao'h'z*
yaal % aowh'' t oo's].
Cazzons [kaaz'unz], sb. pi. dried
cow-dung ; gen. It is used as
fuel by the very poor. Where
peat can be had, as on the moors,
it is in very general use, and
its cutting, drying, and stacking
forms a chief occupation in the
summer-time.
Cess [ses'], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to rate, or assess. In very com-
mon use, and general to the
county.
Cess [ses*, sis'], v. a. and sb. to
chastise vigorously. ' I '11 cess
thee ! ' ['Aa'l ses' dhu]. I '11 give
it you ! ' Thou '11 get some cess
yet ! ' [Dhiuo'l git' suonv ses*
yit'], a threatful intimation of
deservings; gen.
Cess [ses'], a disturbance; gen.
Chaff [chaaf ], v. n. and v. a. to
choke up, with reference to the
respiratory organ ; Mid. An
asthmatical person will say, ' The
'bit of fog this morning fair
chaffed me up ' [T bit* u faog' dhis'
mao'h'nin fe'h'r chaaft' mu uop*].
The figure is intelligible enough
inside a barn, where a flail is at
work.
Chaff [chaaf-] ; 'or Chaft [chaaft'] ;
or Caff [kaaf']. The upper jaw,
' or chap, of an animal; gen.
'Pig-ca/' [pig- -kaaf'].
Chaff [chaaf'], v. a. to chafe, or
gall. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Chancier Tchaan'd'u], chaldron;
Mid.
Channels [chaan'ulz], a distor-
tion of challenge ; Mid.
Chap [chaap'], v. n. and v. a. to
buy and sell, in a chance way ;
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Mid. ' The last I saw of him he was
chipping and chapping about at
Barnaby ' [T laast* Aa- seed* on*
inv i wur' chip'in un" chaap-in
uboot* ut" Baa'iiubi], was job-
bing about at Barnaby, the great
Fair held at Boro'bridge, com-
mencing on St Barnabas' day.
Chass [chaas-1 hurry. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Chat [chaat 1 ], ore and stone to-
gether ; Nidd.
Chatter [chaat ''ur], a tatter.
' Her gown was all in chatters '
[TJr goo-n wur yaal' i chaat-'uz-].
Chavvle [chaavu'l], v. a. and v. n.
to chew imperfectly. Wh. GL ;
Mid. A horse is also said to
chavvle when biting the bit.
Cheat [chrh't] ; or Sly-cake
[slaay (and) slaa- - ki'h'k (and)
ke'h'k], cakes consisting of an
upper and lower portion, with
fruit between. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Chet [chet-], breastmilk. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Chevy [chivi], sb. and v. a. to
chase ; Mid. ' He led me a bonny
(fine) chevy ' [Ee led* mu u
baoni chivi]. ' Chevy - chase '
[Chivi- chilr's], a running pur-
suit.
Chimla [chinrlu], chimney ; gen.
Chimpings [chinrpinz], sb. pi.
applied to grain in its earliest
stage of dressing, but most usu-
ally to oatmeal. Also, to cum-
brous particles of any kind, as
to wood when hacked or minced
on the surface ; Mid.
Chip [chip-], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to trip, or cause to stumble. Wh.
GL ; Mid. Also, to step along
nimbly, ' Yonder she goes, chip-
ping along ' [Yaoh''ird'u shu
gaangz- chip-in ulaang-].
Chip [chip 1 ], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to chap. Wh. GL ; gen. to the
county. Chop [chop-] is, too,
very generally heard in rural
dialect.
Chizzel [chiz-il], bran. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Chock [choir], v. a. and sb. to
wedge; gen.
Chub [chuob'J, sb. and v. n. a
wood-log ; gen. The lads of a
village go 'a-chubbing' [u-chuob'-
in] in preparation for bonfire
night, the fifth of November.
So, too, before Christmas, for the
wood which is to make the Yule-
log.
Chubs [chuobz-], sb.pl. briar-fruit,
of the hard berry kind. A generic
term; Mid.
Chuff [chuof-], adj. expressive of
a state of hilarious satisfaction,
whether outwardly exhibited or
not ; to be gratified at the bottom
of one's self ; gen. to the county.
In connection with proverbial
phrases, the word is, in many
instances, meaningless. In such
as, ' As chuff as a cheese ; ' ' As
chuff as an apple ; ' ' As chuff as
two sticks ; ' and in the coarse-
mouthed person's 'chuff as blazes,'
there is nothing more than vul-
gar humour, which was never
meant to be understood.
Chunter [chuoirt'ur], v. n. to
murmur. Wh. GL ; gen.
Cinderwig [sin'd'uwig], a name
bestowed upon an ill-natured,
niggardly person ; Mid.
Clag [tlaag-], v. n. to adhere, to
cling, or cleave to. Wh. GL ;
gen. Cleg [tleg-] is the name
of a large grey fiy, which tor-
ments cattle. ' Sticks like a deg
of (on) a windy day ' [Stiks" laa'k
u tleg' uv u win'd'i di'h']. In
town dialect, the verb acquires
the pronunciation of this sub-
stantive very generally.
Claggum [tlaag -urn], treacle-toffee j
Mid. When rolled into sticks,
for sale, they are ' treacle-sticks '
[t'ri-htu'l - stiks]. The Leeds
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
21
juvenile calls them ' rolls of
sucker ' [r:ao'wlz u suok'ur].
Clai'k [tleh-'k], the pronunciation
of cloak; Mid.
Cla'ke [tle-h'k], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to claw, or * clawk ; ' Mid.
Clam [tlaanr], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to hunger; gen. Only in very
occasional use in this sense, and,
substantively, very slightly. The
usual meaning of the word is, to
be parched with thirst. With
this meaning there is, too, a
slight substantive use of the
word.
Clame.[tle-h'm], v. a. to cause to
adhere ; to spread, or smear.
TO. Gl. ; gen.
Clammy [tlaanr i], adj. sticky.
Wh. GL; gen.
Clamorsome [tlaanrusum], adj.
clamorous. Wli. GL ; gen.
Clamp [tlaamp-] ; or Clomp
[tlaomp-], v. n. to pace with a
clattering noise ; gen.
Clamper [tlaanr pur], v. a. and
sb. to claw. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Clan [tlaan*], a cluster, or gather-
ing ; a large group. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Clart [tlaa-t], v. a. and sb. to
smear. Also, figuratively, for
deceit, or hollow talking. Ap-
plied, also, to a worthless article,
or person. Clarty, adj. dirty,
or slatternly. A housewife is in
the midst of ' clarty deed ' when
at work on the fire-irons with
greasy cloths and polishing dust.
An assembly of disreputable
persons is referred to as a
clartment [tlaa'tment] ; gen.
Clash [tlaash*], a heavy fall. Wh.
GL ; gen. Clash, also, meaning
common or newsy talk, as in
the Wh. GL, and employed as a
sb. and v. a. ; Mid. Clashing-,
sb. a severe shaking, or concus-
sion, as in the Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Clat [tlaat-], sb. and v. n. to
prate noisily; gen. 'None of
thy dot, there, lass.' ' I wasn't
clatting ' [Ne'h'n u dhr 'tlaat*
dhi'h"', *lass. Aa* 'waaz'u'nt
tlaat in].
Clatter [tlaat-'ur], v. a. and sb. to
beat with the open hands ; gen.
to the county.
Clau'm [tlao'h'm], v. a. to seize,
and cling to. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Clavver [tlaavur], v. n. and v. a.
to clamber ; Mid. * Clamber '
[tlaanrur] is also employed,
generally.
Clavver [tlaavur], sb. A rabble-
like heap of people. Wh. GL ;
Mid. Speaking of a procession,
it will be said, that the persons
composing it went orderly to
begin with, but ' were i' clavvers
at t' end on 't ' [wur' i tlaavuz
ut 1 t ind* ont'], became a rabbly
throng at the end of it.
Clawt' [tlaolr't], v. a. to claw
in an indecisive quick manner;
Mid.
Cleats [tlrh'ts], sb. pi. coltsfoot ;
gen.
Cleaz [tli-h'z] ; or Claaz [tle-li'z] ;
or Cloaz [tluoh-'z] ; or Clau'z
[tlaoh-'z], sb. pi. clothes; gen.
The first is strictly the northern,
and the third the southern form.
The second is most used. The
last is the refined form in use.
Cled [tied-], pp. clad. Wh. GL;
Mid.
Cletch [tlech-]. A brood, as of
chickens; also, a section of a
party. Wh. GL ; gen.
Cleugh [tliw]; orClufe [tliwf-],
a narrow rocky pass, or glen.
Wh. QL; gen. Cleaf [tlih-'f]
is also a general form.
Click [tlik-], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to snatch. Wh. GL ; gen. ' It 'a
bad clicking butter out of a
dog's throat ' [It's baad' tlik 'in
buot*'ur oot- uv u dogz' thri'h't].
'Bagged folks and fine folks
2-2
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
there '& always a clicking at '
[Raagd'fuo'h'ksun'faa'nfuo'h'ks
dhuz' yaal'us u tlik'in aat'].
Click [tlik'], a familiar term
amongst miners for money earn-
ed or gained in addition to re-
gular wages ; Nidd.
Click [tlik'], v. imp. to shrivel.
But usually employed with the
adverb * up ' to ' dick up,' as in
the Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Clicket [tlik it], a large wooden
salt-box, with a sloping lid, on
hinges, and made to hang against
the wall ; gen.
Clinch [tlinslr], v. a. clutch.
Also, in the sense of sudden con-
tact, as in the Wh. GL 'I
clinched wi' him anent t' fold-
gate' [Aa* tlinsht* wi im* unent*
t fao'h'd-yaat'], I came in con-
tact with him against the fold-
yard gate ; Mid.
Clipper [tlip-ur], one of the best.
Wh. GL ; gen. to the county.
Not much used by old people,
but always on the tongues of the
younger. 'A clipper to go' [U
tlip'ur tu gaang'], a fine one
to go. 'He has got a clipper
for his gaffer' [Eez- git'u'n u
tlip'ur fur* iz' gaaf'ur] ; which
may be taken to mean, either
that he has got the best or the
worst of persons for his master ;
but the term does not usually
convey irony. Clipping [tlip in],
adj. 'A clipping lot,' a fine lot.
Clippers [tlip'uz], scissors. Also,
occasionally denoting shears ;
gen.
Clivvis [tlivis], a spring-hook.
A miner's term ; Nidd.
Clock [tlaok'], the downy head
of a dandelion. Possibly a figur-
ative appellation, having its ori-
gin among children, who, in
their play, pluck the plant, at
this stage of its growth, to blow
away the down, in order to tell
' what o'clock ' it is. This is done
by repeated efforts, and the time
of day is reckoned by that last
breath which releases the last
particle of down ; gen.
Clock [tlaok-] ; or Clocker [tlaok*-
ur], a beetle ; gen. The tvatch-
man-beetle gets the name of ' fly-
ing-clocker ' [fleein-tlaok'ur],
Clodder [tlod-'ur] ; or Clotter
[tlot-'ur], a stiff curdle; gen.
'That's crudded (curdled), but
this is all of a clotter ' [Dhaat's
'kruodid, bud* dhis' iz' 'yaal' uu
tlot''ur]. Clod and Clot are
employed as verbs neuter with
this meaning.
Cloddy [clod'i], adj. applied to
living objects with a short, thick-
set, fleshy appearance ; Mid.
Close [tluo'h's] adj. near, or parsi-
monious ; gen. Close-neaved
[tluo'h's -ni'h'vd], close- fisted.
This is the common pronuncia-
tion, but old people invariably
employ [tli'h's] generally, and
[tle'h's] in Mid-York.
Clot [tlot'], clod; gen. In the
common proverbial phrase, ' As
cold as a clot ' [Uz' kao'h'd uz' u
tlot'], the article is often dis-
pensed with, [Uz' kao'h'd uz'
tlot'.]
Clour [tluo'h'r], a swelling on the
head, raised by a blow of any
kind. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Clout [tloot-], v. a. and sb. to
beat. Wh. GL ; gen. ^ to the
county. Usually restricted in
meaning to beating with the
hand, and about the head. An
angry mother often pounces on
the dishcloth, as the likeliest
thing to hand, wherewith to
chastise a child, and, when this
is the case, it is permissible to
say that the child is being
' clouted all over ' [tloot'id yaal*
aow'h'r], the cloth being a clout.
Or, when a mother snatches the
cap off the head of her offspring,
for an angry purpose, then
the clouting may be of a general
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
23
character too. A mother's lib-
eral but precise instructions to
the village pedagogue, with re-
spect to a ' tarestril ' of a child
one of an incorrigible disposi-
tion are, that the child 'may
be clouted well, but not hit with
anything ' [mu bi tlooHd weei,
but' nit' 'it'u'n wi naowt'].
Clow [tlaow], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to work at a pressure, toiling with
the hand. Glower [tlaow'ur],
a vigorous worker with the hands.
There is always implied, in the
verb and substantive alike, a
scrambling, well-meant activity
an industrious ' tooth - and-
nail' attack upon the work in
hand. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Clowclash [tloo- (and, ref.) tlaow
tlaash'], a state of confusion of
things. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Cloy [tlaoy], ' As drank as cloy '
[Uz' d'ruongk' uz' tlaoy]. Wh.
GL An expression constantly
heard in Mid- York, too, and
also in the Leeds district.
Clubby [tluobi], a short or club-
stick ; Mid.
Clue [tliw], a ball of string.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Clum [tluoiir], adj. moist and
adhesive, as old moss in a flower-
pot; Mid.
Cluther [tluodh-ur] ; or Clodder
[tlod-'ur], v. n., v. a., and
sb. to cluster. Wh. GL ; gen.
Clutherment [tluod-'ument], a
collected rabble, or throng, about
any object. Cludder [tluod-'ur]
is also a form of the verb, used
generally. * There wur (was) a
bonny (fine) cludder of folks'
[Dhu wur u baoni tluod''ur u
fuo'h'ks].
Co' [kuo-], v. n. come. This
usage, frequent in the mining-
dales, in respect to this and other
Mid- Yorkshire, and the south,
apart from Craven.
Coat [kuoh-'t, kwuolr't]. Old
people frequently use this word
for gown [goo -n], the more gener-
al term. The younger genera-
tion consider the usage droll;
Mid.
Cobble [kaob-u'l]; or Cob [kaoV],
sb.,v.a. andv.n. A paving- stone
j gets one or other of these names
(also cob-, or cobble - stone
[kaob'-ste-h'n, kaob-u'l-ste"h'n]),
but these are commonly applied
to stones naturally rounded, and
of which, indeed, country paving-
stones usually consist. Cobble,
v. a. and v. n. to stone. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Cobble-tree [kaob-ul-t'ree- (and)
t'rilr'l, a trace-rod of any kind;
gen.
Cobby [kaoVi], adj. healthy and
cheerful ; in good spirits. Wh.
GL; gen.
Cob-hole [kaob'uo'*h'l], a place
too small for any ordinary pur-
pose is so stigmatized ; Mid.
' It 's such a little cob-hole as
never was seen, and fit for no-
body to live in ' [Its' saa'k u
laa'tu'l 'kaob'uo"h'l uz* *nivu
waa sih-'n, un' fit' fur* 'nelr'-
bdi tu liv in'].
Cocklight [kok'leet'], used, fami-
liarly, to denote the dawn of
day, or the time of cock-crow-
ing. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Cod [kaod-1 pod. Wh. GL;
Mid.
Coddle [kaod'u'l], v. a. to roast
fruit, &c., as apples, and shelled
beans. When the latter crack,
they are coddled ; Mid.
Coddy [kaod-i], adj. applied to
any little thing; gen. A * coddy-
feal ' [kaodifih'l] is a little foal.
In Nidderdale, a ' coddy-ceak. '
[kaod-ikih'k] is a child's cake.
Called also a ' curr'n-cocfcfy '
[kuor'n-kaod'i], from the usual
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
sprinkling of
favoured with.
currants it is
Codgy [kaodji, kuod'ji], adj. ap-
plied to anything very lit.tle in
size, or quantity ; gen.
Coif [kao'yf], a woman's cap.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. The common
kind of coif is made of plain or
worked lawn, with a frilled
' screed,' or border, of an out-
standing aspect. That worn
as a superior kind is usually of
lace, even to the ' screeds,' which
overlay each other as a border.
The affluent among the farmers'
wives go the length of silk trim-
mings, the flat looped style of
which is unalterable, and the
colour of the ribbon must be
white, even to wear on funeral
days. Coif, like many other
terms, is used only in household
talk, and among the people them-
selves ; and * lawnd cap ' and
'net cap,' for the one or the
other kind, are terms always in
readiness, to save the appearance
of vulgarity.
College [koluo'h'g], an assembly
of persons ; Mid. The term
usually implies some element of
disorder. As a verb and adjective
it is in very general use, but its
substantive employment is rare.
Collop [kaol'up], a slice of meat ;
but most usually applied to meat
of one kind. ' A ham-co^op ' [U
aanr kol'up], 'A bacon-coZZqp '
[U be'ku'n kaol'up]. The word
is used figuratively. 'A dear
collop,' or bargain. ' Collop
Monday,' in Shrove week, a day
on which rashers of bacon form
the staple article of dinner-tables,
and are begged as an ' aumas ' by
the poor people, who go about
in beggar character on this day.
Coney [kuo'h'ni], usually applied
to a young rabbit ; gen.
Conny [koni, kaoivi], interj. an
expression of mock - bewilder-
ment ; gen. ' Conny, bairns ! '
[Kaon'i be'h'nz], Bless me,
children !
Conny [kon-i, kuoh-'ni, kaoni],
adj. a diminutive expressive of
endearment, and usually joined
to little ; gen. ' A larl (little)
conny thing' [U laal kuolr'ni
thingg'], 'A conny wee thing,' a
very little thing.
Consate [konse'h't], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to fancy. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
to the county. ' I can't consate
that man's face, somehow' [Aa'
kaa'nt konse'h't dhaat' maanz*
fi'h's, suonroo"], said in respect
of a face exciting antipathy. ' A
consated body' [U konse'h'tid
baod'i] , a vain person . ' I con sates
he 11 come this way again ' [Aa 1
konse'h'ts iT kuonr dmV wi 1
ugi'h'n], I should think he '11
come this way again. Of a poorly
person, who has no appetite for
anything, it will be said, that he
' consates nought ' [konse'h'ts
naowt'], can fancy nothing; or
that he has ' no consate for nought'
[ne'h' konse-h't fu naowt']. The
moonlight is said to put the light
of street gas-lamps ' out of con-
sate'
Cooin [koonr], an edge of any-
thing, as of dirt, or sand ; gen.
It is used in a petty sense.
Coop [koo'p], a coal-scuttle. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Corn [kuo'h'n], a grain, or par-
ticle ; gen. A ' corn of tobacco '
[baak'u] ; a ' corn of powder '
[poo'd'ur]; a ' corn of rice ' [raa's].
The Wh. GL has ' sand-coorn '
[saan'kuo"h'n], also common.
Corncrake [kuo'h'nkreh'k] ; or
Drakerhen [d'rrh'kune'n], the
landrail ; gen.
Corpse-yat [kaoh-'ps-yaat], a lich-
gate. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Cote [kuo'h't], a shed for small
cattle, or fowls. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Cot-house [kaot'oos], a very small
cottage. ' Gang to t' cot-house,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
i' t' wood, an' ax t' aud deame
whether she 's hear'd any tell of
her lad yet ' [Graang- tit' kaot'oos
it- wuoh-'d (also [wilr'd]) tin'
aaks* t ao'h'd drh'm wid''ur
shuz- yi-h'd aon'i til' uv aor
laad' yit'], whether she has
heard anything of her son yet;
Mid.
Gotten [kot'u'n], v. a. and v. n.
to be adapted ; to fit, or agree
with. Wh. Gl. In Mid- Yorkshire
this word is not altogether of that
abstract character noted in the
Gl., but is freely applied to persons
and things. A coat ' cottens well,'
fits well. ' Gotten thyself up,
and then cot t' house up a bit '
[Kot'u'n dhisen' *uop', un' dheiv
kot' t -cos- uop- u bit-]. Gotten
also, v. a. to chastise.
Cotter [kot''ur], v. a. and v. n.
to entangle; Wh. GL; gen. Cot
[kot'] is also used. Bad fleeces
of wool are chiefly faulty in being
cotted, or 'run up to felt' com-
pactly.
Cotterils [kot-'rilz (and) kaolr't'-
rilz], sb. pi. materials ; property
in general. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Coul [kooi], a swelling on the
head, produced by concussion ;
Mid. [Kaowl] is also heard,
and is employed as an active verb.
This form has an identical usage
in the Leeds district, but has a
commoner form in [k:aaw'l], vul-
garly [kaa'l]. These two last
forms are general in the south.
In Nidderdale, usage corresponds
to that of Mid- York., in restric-
tion to a substantive form [ki'h'l].
Coup [kaowp], v. n. and v. a. to
fall and overturn. Usually em-
ployed with over as an adverb.
' He couped over ' [Ee kaowpt
aowr]. Wh. GL ; gen.
Coup [kaowp ], v. a. and v. n.
to exchange. Couping - word
[kaowpin-waod], the last word at
a bargain. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Swap
[swaap-] ; or Soap [suolr'p] ; or
Swoap [swuoh-'p]. The two last
are additional forms. Swap and
swoap are the more usual forms
in Mid- York., coup being con-
fined in usage to old people. This
word is much used in Lower Nid-
derdale. Soap is, too, more of an
Upper Nidderdale than a Mid-
York, form. Horse - couper
[Aos- kaowp'-ur], horse-dealer.
Courting [kuo'h'tin], courtyard ;
Mid.
Couther [kaowdhur], v. n. and
v. a. to recover ; to reinvigorate.
The past participle is given in
the Wh. GL^ In Mid- York, the
verb is also in common use. A
person thinking of going to the
sea - side, for the recovery of
. health, will be greeted with the
question, ' Then you are going
to couther up a bit ? ' [Dhen*
yi'h'r gaa'in tu kaowdhur uop*
u bit- r]
Cow [Jsaow], v. n. and v. a. to
walk with the feet sideways not
to lay them flatly. A 'cow-
heeled ' boot is one having the
heel worn down on one side only.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Cow [kaow], v. n. go, impera-
tively. Wh. GL ; Mid. 'Thou's
going to go ! ' [Dhooz' gaa'in
tukaow]. ' CW-away!' [Kaow-
uwe-h' !], Be off !
Cow-clag [koo'-tlaag], sb. and
v. a. the caked matter usually
seen fast or clagged to the hair
of sheep and cattle ; cow-dung ;
gen. 'Thou must not lie, thee
down in the cow - pasture or
thou '11 get cow-dagged ' [Dhoo*
muon' ut lig' dhu doon' it' koo'-
paast'ur, u dhool' git' koo'-
tlaagd]. In this word the pro-
nunciation is always [koo'], as is
that of cow.
Cow-gate [koo'gih't], a pastur-
age, or 'gateage' [gilr'tij], for
one cow. Wh. Gl. ; gen. In
many parishes, a large pasture
(the one, it often happens, most
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
difficult to cultivate) is usually
allotted to the poor by the owner
of the soil, at a nominal rental,
or otherwise. The ' gates ' are,
in most cases, imaginative areas,
and the cows feed in common.
Cow-scot [koo'skaot, skuot, and
skut] ; or Cow-sort [koo'suoh't].
The cushat, or ring-dove ; gen.
Crackey [kraak'i], a soft-brained
person; gen.
Cracks [kraaks*], news. Wh. Gl.;
gen.
Crake [kre'h'k, krrh'k], crow, or
rook. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. ' As black
as a crake ' [Uz* blaak* uz' u
kre'h'k]. Also as a v. n. to talk
in a blatant manner; and, to
boast.
Cr amble [kraanvu'l], v. n. to walk
in a cramped or spasmodic man-
ner, as through pain, infirmity,
or exhaustion. Craxn'elly
[kraam'uli], adj. in a cramped
state. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Cramp-ring [kraamp'-ring], a ring
made out of old coffin-lead, and
worn as a preservative against
cramp. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Old
coffins, of lead, or stone, are
'troughs' [t'ruof's, t'ri'h'fs].
Cransh [kraansh-], v. a. and
sb. to crunch, or craunch ; to
crush gritty matter underfoot.
Cranshy, gritty. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
The verb is also used in a pecu-
liar way. ' Give over (up) eating
that apple ; thou cranshes my
teeth with it ' [Gi aowh'r yrh'tin
dhaat* aap'u'l ; dhoo kraairshiz
maa' ti'h'th wi t], sets my teeth
on edge with it. Toth [tuolr'th],
the pronunciation of tooth. Also
[trh'th](sing. andplur.), [Ti'h'dh],
v. a. to tooth.
Cratchet (kraat'chit], the crown
of the head. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Also, Cratch.
Crattle [kraat'u'l] ; or Cruttle
[kruot'u'l], a crumb ; Mid.
Crazzler [kraaziur], of the nature
of a severe task ; Mid. The word
is sometimes joined to up. In
allusion to having caught a very
bad cold, a person will say, 'I got
a crazzler on Saturday, with going
to the market' [Aa- gaat' ukraaz'-
lur u Set''urdu wi gaang'in ti t
meh-'kit]. Of a difficult task im-
posed on one, it will be said, ' I 've
gotten a crazzler-vp this time '
[Aa-v git'u'n u kraazlur-uop*
dhis' taa'm].
Crazzlety [kraaz-u'lti], adj.
rickety ; gen.
Creak [krrh'k], a pot or pan-hook ;
gen.
Creaker [krrh-'kur], a spring-
rattle, from a child's plaything,
to the article carried by a night-
watchman. Wh. GL ; gen.
Creal [kri'h'l], v. a. to wind twine,
or anything of the kind, is to
creal it. ' Who's is this ball ? '
4 Let thou it alone ; it was crealed
for t' larl un' (the little one).
[We-h'z iz- dhis- bao'hl? Lit-
dhoo* it' ule*h'n ; it' wur*
kri-h'ld fu t ;laa-l un']. The
process of doing samplers, or
other worsted needle-work, is
spoken of as creating ; Mid.
Cree [kree ], v. a. to parboil, or
seethe, as wheat which, after
being bruised, is prepared for
'frumity,' on ' Yule-een.' Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Creepings [krrh'pinz], sb. pi. the
cold shivery sensations attending
colds newly caught. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Gremlin [krenrlin, krinrlin], the
tub or trough used in preparing
leavened bread ; Mid.
Crewel [kriwil], a reel, or bobbin ;
Mid.
Crewtle [kriwtu'l], v. n. to re-
gain strength ; gen. ' Then,
you 've crewtled up a bit ? ' [Dhen*
yiv kriwtu'ld uop' u bit' ?],
are recovering a little ?
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Cricket [krek-it], a stool, usually
with unshaped upright ends as
supporters, in place of legs ; Mid.
Crinkle [krirrku'l], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to bend tortuously; Mid.
Of a twisting pathway, it will
be said : ' It crinkles round, but
goes straight at after' (after-
wards). [It' krin-ku'lz roo'nd,
but- gaangz- st'ri'h't ut- if -fur].
The last word also changes the
initial vowel to [e].
Crpb [kraob;], v. a. to rebuke,
in a short, rough manner. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Crockenly [kruolr'kunli], crock-
ery; Mid. The right pronun-
ciation of such words as this one
is not easy to the illiterate, and
the endeavour to pronounce them
at all is a mark of the character
of rural dialect, which does not
exhibit the variety of contrac-
tions observable in town dialect.
Some of these ar gross, to eye
and ear alike, and only because,
as the speaker is wont to say,
he 'can't lap t' tongue round
'em.'
Crook [kri-h'k] \or Cruke [kriwk],
the wry-neck disease, in cattle
or sheep. Also, as in Wh. Gl.,
a cursory term for ' the crook
in the leg when it stands out in
a twisted form, from the effects
offellon;' gen.
Crook [krih-'k]; or Cruke [kriwk-],
a crotchet, or whim. A ' fond
cruke' [faond* krilr'k], a foolish
whim. Wh. Gl. ; gen. ' The first
form is most frequently used in
Mid- York., as the last is in Nid-
derdale. This note applies, too,
to the respective forms immedi-
ately preceding these.
Crop [krop], applied to the throat,
or locality of the windpipe ; gen.
One who manifests hoarseness is
alluded to as having a ' reasty
crop.' See Beast.
Cross [kruos- (and) kros-]. ' He
begged like a cripple at a cross '
[Ee begd* laa'k u krip'ul ut' u
kruos']. Wh. GL ; gen. ' Like
a cripple at a gate' [Laa'k u
krip'ul ut u yaat'] ; Mid. ' His
way is a long one, but there 's
a staff and a cross at the end
of it' [Iz- wi'h'z u laang' mr,
bud' dhuz' u staav un" u kruos'
ut' t ind* ont'], beggary at the
end, said of a youthful prodigal.
Cross-gaang [kruos (and) kros'-
gaang]; or Cross-gate [kruos'
(and) kros'-ge"h't, (or)gi"h't], a
cross-way. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Crowdle [kroawd-u'l]; or Cruddle
[kruod-u'l], v. n. and v. a. to
huddle. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also
crouther [kroodh'ur] ; Mid. The
neuter verb croudle [kroo'du'l]
is also in use generally, signify-
ing the position of kneeling and
stooping together.
Crowdy [kroawdi], a preparation
of oatmeal and water, usually
' lined ' with milk, when in a
parboiled state, and afterwards
eaten with salt, or treacle and
milk. Wh. Gl.; gen.
Crowp [kroaw-p], v. n. creep.
An odd form of the present tense
of the verb, in occasional use;
Mid.
Crowp [kroawp],v. n. to grumble,
in a subdued tone. Also applied
to the rumbling noise of the
stomach when flatulent. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Crowse [kroawzj, adj. brisk ; in
sprightly condition. Wh. GL;
Mid.
Cruddle [kruod-u'l] ; or Crud
[kruod-], v. n. and v. a. to curdle.
Cruds [kruodz'J, curds. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Crime [kriwn], v. n. to bellow,
as a bull; gen. This is the
usual Nidderdale pronunciation.
The usual Mid- York, one is
[kroo'n] .
Crunshon[kruon-shim]; orScrun-
28
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
shon [skruon'shun], a broken
morsel; gen.
Crush [cruosh- ] ; or Rush [ruoslr],
a crowd. Also a merry-making.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Cuddy [kuod-i] ; or Dickey-dun-
nock [dik'i-duon-uk], a small
hedge-bird, similar in size and
appearance to a young grey
linnet ; Mid.
Cuddy [kuodi], adj. of an over-
careful, parsimonious disposi-
tion; Mid. 'It wants a cuddy
one to be in a house with such
outgoings as there is here' [It*
waants- u kuodi yun* tu bi 4 iv
u oo's wi sa'yk oot' - gaanginz
uz- dhur iz- rh'r], It wants
one of the save-all sort to be in
house with such an expendi-
ture as there is here.
Cuddy-cloth [kuod-i-tle"h'th (or)
tli"h'th], the napkin used to cover
ihe face of a baby at the time of
christening ; Mid.
Cup [kuop* !] an idiomatic word
which no dialect-speaking native
of the locality where it is in use
is able to explain. In the inter-
jectional phrase, 'Hey, with a
cup I ' [:E'y> widh* u kuop- !]
the whole meaning is equivalent
to, Come here, quickly I In ' Cup,
cup stir ! ' there is in cup a sug-
gestion of the word come. These
cup phrases are, in the locality
alluded to, referred, in origin, to
a former resident there, a farmer
of eccentric habits. Mr Skeat
interprets the word very clearly,
as follows : ' I have heard both
[kuop*], [kuo uop-], and [kuonr
uop-] all used in the same way.
"With a cwp,"= with a come-up,
i. e. with an exhortation to haste.
The familiar " come up ! " of the
London costermonger.'
Curn [ku-n, kuir] ; or Cun
[kuon-] ; or Coan [kuoh-'n] ; or
Cean [kilr'n]; or Con [kon-,
kaon-], currant. One of those
words which are thus distinct-
ively varied in pronunciation.
The last four are general rural
forms, [kilr'n] being the broad
dialect one. The last, [kon*,
kaon-], are perhaps most heard
in Mid-Yorks. The variations
of the first form are not unheard
in the rural parts, but are, strict-
ly, the town forms.
Cushlady[kuosh-leh'di]; or Cow-
lady [koo'leh'di] ; or Dowdy-
cow [doo-dikoo--], the lady-
bird ; gen. The subject of many
children's rhymes.
Cuvvin [kuovin], a periwinkle ;
gen.
Dacity [daas'uti], capacity; the
ability to undertake, or conceive.
Wh. GL Common to the central
parts of Yorkshire. A much-
used word. Perhaps merely de-
prived of the prefix au, and
warped in meaning. See also
Dazzity.
Dad - of - all - ringtails [daad--u-
yaal'-ring'teh'lz], applied to
those who are eminently mis-
chievous, or of notorious charac-
ter; Mid.
Daffhead [daafi-h'd], a coward.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Daffle [daaf-u'l], v. a. and sb.
to deafen ; to be in a mazed
state. Daffly is also used stib-
stantively in the last sense. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Dag [deg', daag'], v. a. and v. n. to
sprinkle, by droppings from the
hand, as is done in preparing to
fold rough-dry linen. Used sub-
stantively, too, for a large drop
of water. Dagged, pp. in a
drop-wet state ; Mid.
Daglocks [daag-luks] ; or Day-
locks [de-h'luks], sb. pi. the
coarse top wool of a fleece, from
which inferior garments are
made ; Mid. The lust pronunci-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
ation is furnished by a York cor-
respondent.
Dale [di-h'l, de-h'l], dole ; Mid.
A disappearing custom is that
of ' giving dale? in connection
with the funeral of one who had
been a person of substance.
After this has taken place, the
parish poor people, of all ages,
assemble in a field, near of ac-
cess, and some principal farmer,
who is usually in authority as
overseer, proceeds to ' give dale'
This consists of money, bread,
cheese, and ale. The old people
get about threepence, the chil-
dren a penny, and all a good
share of the edibles. The quan-
tity of ale dispensed to each per-
son is supposed to be limited to
a draught.
Dally craw [daaHkrao"h'],a name
applied to a loitering child ; Mid.
Dame [drh'm, de-h'm], the usual
title of a married or an old
woman. Wh. GL ; gen.
Damsdil [daamz'dil], the damson
plum; gen.
Dander [daan'd'ur], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to tremble heavily.
Wh. GL ; gen. ' Thou danders
like an old weathercock hold
still with thee ! ' [Dhoo daan*-
d'uz laa'k un ao'h'd widh'ukok*
aoh''d stil' wi dhu !]
Dappys [daap'iz], sb. pi. deserv-
ings ; Mid. ' He has got his
dappys' [Eez- git'u'n iz' daap'iz].
Dark [daa-k], v. n. to listen. Wh.
GL; gen.
Dark-selvidged [daa-k-sil-vijd],
adj. heathenish in appearance;
Mid. ' What a dark-selvidged
crew they are ! ' [Waat' u daa'k-
sil'vijd kri'h' dhe- :aa-r !]
Dauby [dao-h'bi], adj. dirty.
Applied to persons. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Daul [dao'h'l], v. a. to exhaust
the strength, patience, or ap-
petite. Wh. GL; gen. Stall
[stao'h'l], a similar verb, is in
yet more use, but with, some
contrast of meaning. The first
word usually conveys the idea
of satiety. A dauled person is
not angrily excited, as a ' stalled '
one may be, for the reason that
a sick or worn-out mind has no
object beyond itself. A person
may be * stalled,' or tired, of
doing and thinking twenty times
during the day, but only dauled
out at the end of it.
Daum [dao'h'm], sb. and v. a. a
small portion, or morsel. ' Daum -
ed out/ dealt out scantily. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Daum [daob/m], sb. and v. n. a
faintness of feeling; gen. 'It
was nought very bad, but it was
a daumish feel (feeling), like'
[It* waar' "naow't vaar'u* baad*
bud- it' wur u daoh''mish fee'l,
laa-k].
Dawk [dao-h'k], v. n. to idle;
Mid.
Dawp [dao-h'p], v. a. to soil by
touch ; Mid.
Dawps [dao'h'ps], a slattern ; gen.
Daytal [de-h'tu'l], adj. The word
is never used alone. ' A daytal
man,' a day-labouring man.
' An old daytal wife ' [Un ao-h'd
de'h'tu'l waa-f], an old day-
labouring woman. ' I 'm going
to daytal ploughing ' [Aa'z boon*
tu de'h'tul pliwin]; gen.
Daytal- dick [de-h'tu'1-dik-], a
familiar term for a daytal-man,
or farm -labourer, paid by the
day; Mid.
Dazzity [daaz'uti], the perform-
ance of a challenging action of
strength or skill ; Mid. It is a
juvenile term. One lad will set
others a dazzity by walking
through a pond, or by an action
of trespass which involves risks;
and those who successfully imi-
tate all that has been done
30
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
divide the honours of champion-
ship. The southern equivalent
crauden [krao'h'du'n] is used
as a v. a., and craudener> sb. is
bestowed ironically, too, at times,
on those who habitually fail in
the feats they undertake. See
Dacity.
Deaf [diii'f], adj. barren* Ap-
plied to husked fruit, and seed,
as a ' deaf nut ' [di'h'f nuot'], a
' deaf ear of corn ' [di'h'f i'h'r u
kuo'h'n]. Wh. OL ; gen.
Deafly [drh'fli], adj, lonely.
Wh. OL ; Mid.
Deary [di'h'ri], inter]., adj., and
sb. dear ; gen. ' Deary me ! '
[Di'h'ri inae'y I] * Oh, deary me
to-day ! ' [Ao'h' di'h'ri inaey tu-
di'h' I], a common phrase. ' A
little deary thing ' [U laai di'h'ri
they'ng]. * Come, my deary I '
[Kuo'm, maa di'h'ri !] ' Thou 'rt
a deary ! ' [Dhoo t* u di'h'ri !]
Deathding [di'h'thding], death-
blow; Mid.
Death - hunter [drh'th - uontur] .
The death-hunters in a country
village are usually two. They
are persons who go from parish
to parish, as a burial occurs,
carrying small black stools,
called ' buffets ' [buof'its], on
which the coffin is rested while
the funeral hymn is being sung
| in the open air, in front of the
house where the corpse has lain.
These stools are also useful on
the way to church, distant, in
some cases, several miles. Some
parishes have got their public
hearse, but this vehicle finds no
favour. Its use is objected to on
superstitious grounds.
Deathly [drh'thli], adj. pale;
Mid.
Deave [diii'v], p. t. of dive ;
Mid. In America, dove.
Deave [diii'v], v. a. to deafen.
Wh. OL ; gen.
Deaze [cli-h'z], v. a, to blight, or
cause to pine from cold, as when
vegetables are frost-nipped, or
chickens die in the shell, for .
want of warmth. Deazed bread
is bread overbaked outwardly,
and not enough baked within.
Deazement [di'h'znient (and)
mint], a shivering sensation.
Wh. OL ; gen.
Deed [deed'], doings, of any kind.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Deedy [d:ee-di], adj. active ; Mid.
Deet [dee't], v. a. to cleanse;
gen, ' Take a cloth and just deet
that knife' [Taak 4 u tloo't un
jis* dee't dhaat' naa'f].
Deft [cleft'], adj. neat ; clever.
Employed also ironically. Deftly,
adv. Wh.^ OL ; gen.
Deft [deft'], a numerical term,
'A gay deft* [U ge'h' deft-],
an ample number ; a ' fine lot.'
Delightsome [dil:ee-tsum], adj.
delightful; gen.
Delve [delv, dilv], v. a., v. n.,
and sb. to bruise, or indent ; to
dig. Also, in the sense of close
application to any kind of work.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Densh. [denslr, dinsh', delr'iish,
dilr'nsh], adj. dainty, or fastidi-
ous. Wh. GL ; gen.
Dent [dint', dent'],v. a. and sb. to
notch ; to indent. Wh. OL ; Mid.
Derrum [durum, duorm], a deaf-
ening noise, or a minglement of
noises, as the rumbling, creaks,
and cracks of an old mangle, to-
gether W 7 ith the talk of several
people who are putting it to use;
gen.
Derrybounder [duriboo'nd'u,
dih'riboo'nd'u], sb. and v. 11.
the bounce and noise made by
any object in collision ; gen.
' It came with such on (of) a
derrybounder ' [It' kaam* wi
sa'yk n u dih'riboo'nd'u].
The word is often shortened to
deny [duri]. 'It did derry
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
31
(or derrylounder] along, mind
you ' [It' 'did' dur'i ulaang',
maa'nd yu]. Both terms are
also applied to an obstinate
person.
Desperate [dis'prut], adj. a word
constantly employed as an aug-
mentative. ' Desperate bonny '
[Dis'prut baon'i]. ' Desperate
grand ' [Dis'prut graand']. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Dibth [dib'dh], the pronunciation
of depth ; gen.
Didder [did*'ur, didh'ur], v. n. and
v. a. to tremble. Didderment
[did-'umeiit], in a * diddering,'
or trembling state. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also didder, sb, [Aa'z
yaal' aon- u did' J ur], I am all
a- tremble.
Dike [da'yk, daa'k], sb., v.n., and
v. a. The usual significance of
this word is a ditch, but it is used
substantively for a pool of any
kind ; gen. When a child spills
water, the remark will be made
by an observing parent, ' There 's
one dike made now try to make
another' [Dhih*'z 'yaan' da'yk
mi'h'd noo t'raa' tu maak* un-
uodh'ur]. To * hedge and dike '
is to hedge and ditch.
Dill [dil'J, v. a. to dull pain ; to
soothe. Wh. GL ; gen. ' Take
that child on your knee, and see
if you can dill it to sleep ' [Taak-
dhaat' be'h'n u dhi nee', un' sey
if' dhoo kun' diT it' tu slilr'p].
There are two other vowels com-
monly employed in knee [nih*',
(and, ref.) nae'y].
Ding [dingg 1 ], v. a. and sb. to
throw to the ground with vio-
lence; to pound mercilessly.
Also employed figuratively, in
the sense of, to overcome, as one
person dings another in argu-
ment. Ding, also sb. noise and
confusion. W h. GL ; gen.
Dipple fdip'u'll, sb. and v. a.
T 1
dimple;
Dizen [diz-u'n], v. a. to bedizen.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Doardy [diuvh'di], George ; gen.
Dock [dok-] j or Docken [dok-u'n],
sb. and v. a. weed; gen. The
docken proper is the dock-plant.
Dod [dod'], v. a. This term is not
only applied to shortening the
wool of sheep, but has a common
verbal use. A child's hair is
dodded, or 'ended.' To clip off
anything shortly is to dod. Dod-
ding wool, in South Yorks., is a
process preparatory to that of
' teasing ' [ti'h'zin (and) teyzin],
or disentangling it. Doddings,
the portions cut off. A dodded
sheep is a short-homed one.
Do-dance [de'h'-daans, di'h'-
daans], the toil of a roundabout,
or repeated journey, unneces-
sarily performed. Wh. GL ; gen.
Dodder [dod - 'ur, dodh''ur], v. n.
and T. a. to tremble, or shake
violently. Wh. GL ; gen. ' He 's
all of a dodder look at him ! '
[Iz' yaal 4 uv u dod''ur li'h'k
aat' inr !]. The word is ex-
pressive of a slower motion than
didder (which see). A wall, or a
house, would be said to dodder
not to ' didder ' before falling.
Dodderums [dod-'rumz, dodlr'-
rumz], an ague, or shivering fit
of any kind. Wh. GL ; gen.
One recovering from a drunken
state, and visibly nervous, haa
got the dotherums [dodh-'-
rumz] ; or dodruxns [dod''-
ruinz].
Doe [duo-'h, de-h'], a hind. The
first form is gen., the last a Mid-
Yorks.
Doff [daof], v. a. to divest, or do
off. Wh. GL ; gen.
Dog-banner [dog'-baanur], the
wild camomile ; Mid.
Dog-standard [dog--st'aan-d'ud],
ragwort; Mid.
Doit [daoyt], expressive of ex-
32
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
treme littleness. * What a doit
of a child ! ' [Waat- u daoyt
n u be'h'n !], literally, What a
doit on a bairn ! ' I care not a
doit about it' [Aa* ke'h'ru'nt u
daoyt uboo't it'].
Doldrums [dol'd'rumz], a state of
despondency, mixed with ill-
temper ; gen.
Dole [duo'h'l], sb. and v. a. dole.
Wh. 01. ; gen. ^This is the re-
fined pronunciation. See Dale.
Dolly [dol-i, daoli] ; orDol [dol-,
daol*], Dorothy; gen.
Don [daoir], v. a. and v. n. to
dress, or do on. Wh. GL ; gen.
' I 'm all donned now, except my
bonnet ' [Aa'z ao'h'l daond' noo',
sep' mi buon'it]. This last word
is as often[buo-nit, (and) buolr'n-
it]. The refined form is [bun it].
Door-cheek [drh'r-cheek 1 ], door-
post. Wh. OL; gen.
Door-ganging [drh'-gaangin],
doorway. Wh. GL.; gen.
Door-stead [drh'-st:ih'd], com-
monly employed for doorway,
but sufficiently understood as re-
ferring to the supporting frame-
work. Wh. Gl. ; gen. See, also,
Door-ganging.
Door-sill [di'h'-sil], the threshold
of a dwelling. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Dos [dos a ], Joshua; Mid.
Dos [dos-] ; or Doasy [duo-h'zi],
Joseph ; gen.
Dos'n'd [daoz-u'nd, doz'u'nd].
Durst, v. n. is usually [da:os't],
but in negative sentences the
form [daoz'u'nd], i. e. durst not,
is general. ' I durst no more
do that than fly' [Aa doz'u'nd
nu me'h'r drh' 'dhaat' un' flaa'].
Doss [dos'], sb. and v. a. to
fright ; Mid. ' It put me in
such a doss' [It' puot' inu i
saa'ku'n u dos']. There is just
a touch of humour in the term.
Dotteril [dot-'ril], a doter. Wh.
GL; gen.
Doubler [duobiur], an earthen-
ware bowl, or large platter.
Wh. GL ; gen. ' He 'd neither
dish, doubler, nor spoon' [Ee'd
naowd'ur dish-, duob'lur, mrr
spi'h'n], had no effects what-
ever. A common Leeds phrase
too.
Doubtsome [duo'tsum], adj.
doubtful; gen.
Douk [duo'k], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to drink ; gen. In Mid- York-
shire, at times employed for lathe,
v. a
Doup [doawp-, doop'], an indolent
person. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Douse [doos'J, v. a. to extinguish ;
to despoil in any way. Used,
also, figuratively. Wh. GL ;
gen. To a child caught extin-
guishing a lighted candle by
turning it upside down in the
stick, a mother will say : ' I '11
bray thy back for thee if'thou
doesn't use the capper (extin-
guisher) to douse the candle with'
[Aai bre-h' dhaa- baak' fu dhu
if- dhoo diz'u'nt yi'h'z t kaap'ur
tu doos' t kaan'u'l wi].
Douse [doo's], v. a. to drench ;
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Its most usual
meaning is, to drench by hand,
as when water is thrown upon a
person. ' They doused him from
head to foot' [Dhe doo'st inr
frae yrh'd tu fi'h't].
D'out [daawt', doot'], v. a. do, or
put out, i. e. extinguish ; gen.
' D'out that candle, my lass.
Never burn daylight' [Boot 4
dhaat' kaan'u'l, mi lass. Nivui
baon' di'h'leet].
Doven [dovu'n, duovu'n], v. n.
to doze. Dovening [dovnin],
pres. part. gen. Each form is
also frequently employed sub-
stantively.
Dow [doaw], v. n. to prosper.
Wh. GL; gen.
Dowk [doawk], a mine-working,
of a stiff clayey nature ; Nidd.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
33
Dowl [doawl], sb. and v. n. a
state of melancholy ; moody dul-
ness; gen. The adverbial form
is put to great use, as is also
the adjective dowly [doawli],
which changes its vowel, becom-
ing [de'h'li]. Dowl is used as a
verb, too. ' She gets nought
done> but sits and dowls at t'
end on 't ' everlastingly. JShu
gits' naowt di'h'n, bud* sits* un*
doaw'lz u t ind* ont'.] ' She 's
having a long dowl on 't this
time ; there 's somewhat the
matter, depend on it' [Shuz -
evin u laang' doawl on* t "dhis*
taa'm ; dhuz* 'suom'ut' tmaat 1 '-
ur, dip:i*nd' ont*]. The first d
in depend, and initially in most
other words, is of a slightly
dental character.
Dowment [doo 'merit, drh'ment],
a confusion. Of a crowd of
people taking part in a quarrel,
it will be asked, ' What 's all
this dowment about ? ' [Waats*
yaal* dhis' doo'ment uboot' ?] A
table crowded with crockery, out
of place, will occasion the remark,
' What a dowment there is here ! '
[Waat' u doo'ment dhur* iz* i'h'r],
Downgang [dooirgaang], a
downhill way usually a path-
way. WJi. Gl. ; gen.
Dowp [daowp], the carrion crow.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Dowter [daowt'ur], daughter ;
gen. Like the dialect substan-
tives generally, remains unin-
flected in the genitive case sin-
gular.
Dozzen [doz-u'n], v. n. and v. a.
to shrivel, or waste by contrac-
tion. Wh. Gl. ; gen. A doz-
zened apple is also called a
' waster ' [we'h'st'ur].
Dozzil [doz'il], sb. and v. a. a
tawdry person; Mid. Its sub-
stantive use is exampled in the
Wh. GL 'She dozzils herself
out like a caravan woman at a
fair ' [Shu doz'ilz us:e'l oot' laa'k
u kaaruvaan- wuonrun ut* u
fe-h'r].
Draff [d'raaf'], said of brewer's
grains, in the Wh. GL, and
usually applied in this sense in
Mid- Yorkshire, but also used
more generally of waste matter,
from which the food element has
been extracted, or of refuse of
this nature, as ( pig-draff' [pig-
d'raaf'], the scrap-food of pigs.
Draggletail [d'raag-u'lte-h'l], usu-
ally applied to a woman of dirty,
slatternly habits; gen. Drag-
gletailed, as in Wh. GL, applied
to anything that has been dragged
through, or over the dirt.
Drape [d're'h'p], a farrow cow;
gen.
Dream-hole [d'rrh'm-uoh'l], a
loop - hole ; gen. [Properly a
loop-hole for letting out sound,
as between the lufferboards in a
belfry. From A.S. dream, mu-
sic.W. W. S.]
Dree [d'ree*], v. a. and adj. to
be tedious or wearisome ; gen.
' Don't dree it out so ' [Di'h'nt
d'ree' it 'oot* se'h'], don't spin
it out so. ' He dreed so long a
tale, it was dowling (a tiresome,
or a melancholy thing) to hear
him' [Ee d'ree'd su laang- u
ti'h'l, it' wu doawlin tu i'h'r
inr]. In the Wh. GL dree, adj.,
dreed, pp., and dreely, adv. are
exampled. The first and last
are general; and the pp. is a
Mid- Yorkshire form.
Dreesome [d'ree-sum], adj. tedi-
ous, or wearisome. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Drib [d'rib-], v. n., v. a., and sb.
drip. Occasionally used in Mid-
Yorkshire. The edge, or corner
of a house-roof, where the rain
drips mostly, will be sometimes
called the drib- and cZrp-end of
the < house-ridge ' [T d'rib- in'd
ut' oo's-rig'].
3
34
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Dringle [d'ring-u'l], v. a. and
v. n. to waste ; gen.
Drink-draught [d'ringk'-d'raaft-],
a brewer's dray. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Drite [d'raayt] ; or Bra'te
[d're'h't], v. n. and v. a. to drawl.
Drite - poke [d'ra'y 't - puoh'k]
and Drate - poke [d're'h't-
puoh'k], a drawler, facetiously.
Wh. GL Drate is a general
form ; drite peculiar to Mid-
Yorks., and each are also em-
ployed substantively.
Drith [d'rith-], a state of thrift,
or prosperity. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Broke [d'ruo-h'k] ; or Drouk
[d'rao'h'k], v. n. to drip with
moisture. The last is the re-
fined pronunciation ; gen.
Dronk [d'rongk*], v. a. drench;
Mid. ' I got dronking wet '
[Aa* gaat- d'rongk-in weet'].
Drought [d'mof't], v. imp. and
sh. to dry, or expose to draught.
Drought, a draught ; Mid.
Also, in the sense of windy.
* The day 's going to be droughty,
I think' [T di'h'z gaa'in tu bi
d'ruof'ti, Aa thingk'].
Druggister [d'ruogistu], drug-
gist; Mid.
Duck [duok-], a faggot ; Mid.
Duds [duodz-], apparel of any
kind. Wh. Gl. ; gen. It is ap-
plied in respect of a plural num-
ber of upper garments, or to a
pair of trousers.
Duepaper [diwpeh'pu], a pay-
sheet, or warrant for wages due ;
Nidd.
Duffil [duof-il], a coarse woollen
fabric, flannel-like in consist-
ency, of which women's ' gowns '
are usually made. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Duke [diwk], v. a. to dupe;
Mid.
Dulbert [duol-but] ; or Dunder-
head [duon-d'urr-h'd] ; or Dun-
dernowl [duon'd'unaowl], vary-
ing terms for a blockhead. The
second is a Nidderdale form, and
the three Mid-Yorks. All are
in the Wh. GL, but the last form
varies (' Dudernoll ').
Dumbfounder [duomfoo-nd'ur],
v. a. to confuse, with astonish-
ment, or amazement, past utter-
ance. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Dump [duomp*], a contraction of
dumpling. * Pudding and beef's
(are) the staff of life, but a dump
for a long day ' [Puod'in un'
bilr'fs t staaf' u laa'f, bud' u
'duomp' fur* u laang' di'h'].
Duimot [duon-ut] ; or Donnot
[don Tit] , a good - for - nothing
person ; also, a fool ; also, a
name bestowed on the devil.
Wh. GL ,- gen. [T duon-ut
muod- bi ubaak* ut" di'h'r 'Aa*
kaa*nt op'u'nt], 'The devil might
be at the back of the door I
can't open it.'
Durdum [du-dum] ; or Dordum
[daolr'dum], an uproar. Wh.
GL; gen.
Dust [duost-], sb. and v. a. a
commotion ; also, to beat ; Mid.
The word has the appearance of
metaphor in several phrases, as
in, ' Dust him his hide ' [Duost*
inr iz* aayd].
Dusty [duos-ti], adj. nsed in re-
spect of any clever action, or
feat of intelligence. An apt or
pointed saying is applauded in
the observation, ' Come, that was
dusty ! ' [Kuonr, dhaat' 'waa*
duos'ti !] 'That 's none so dusty,
now ' [Dhaats' ne'h'n su duos-ti,
noo], not half so bad, now.
Duv [duov] ; or liv [div] ; or
Deav [di-h'v] ; or Dea [di'h 5 ] ;
or Di [di], forms of do; gen.
The v forms are verbs neuter
alone ; the vowel forms are
active, though not restricted to
this character. Div is occasion-
ally employed actively, in a
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
35
cumbrous fashion, with the
meaning of, to finish. ' Give
over ! thou '11 div it to death '
[Gi -aowh'r ! dhuoi div it' tu
di'h'th], as will be said to a girl
overkneading dough. Dea is
also employed in a related man-
ner, as, in allusion to a bird
which has fallen disabled mere-
ly, and not shot dead, it will be
remarked, ' Thou 's one to do
out of misery, however' ["Dhooz-
yaan- tu dr oot 1 u rniz'ri, oo-ivu].
Duv and div are very occasion-
ally employed intransitively to
express a delicate emphasis. ' I
do wish I 'd seen him ! ' [Aa-
duov wish' Aa'd saeyn inv !]
' Does thou mean it ? ' ' I div '
[Diz* tu mi'h'n it* ? Aa- -div'].
It is used negatively, in like,
manner, with the contracted form
of the adverb not. ' Do you like
it ? ' ' Duvn't I nought but
(only) ! ' [Di yu laa'k it- ?
Duovu'nt Aa naob- ut !] Duv
is heard so far south as below
Craven, but only occasionally.
It is essentially a rural form. In
received English, a speaker may
be put to the awkwardness of
repeating the verb in a too close
connection, as in the sentence,
Do I do it ? In rural dialect
the form of the verb would be
at once varied, and ' Duv I dea
it?' [Duov -Aa- drh't?] would
be the order. If a sharp raspy
interrogative is required, then,
in such a sentence, the form of
the pronoun will be changed,
too, from Ah [Aa-] to E [I].
[Di*] usually precedes a vowel-
beginning word, and at other
times it has the final element [h'].
But the short vowel is in pecu-
liar use, too, among old people,
some of whom employ it almost
to the exclusion of the other
forms. Before the pronoun it,
however, the vowel becomes long.
This usage is, indeed, but con-
sequent on the preference for
[di]; the choice being to make
the vowel long in such a con-
nection, instead of admitting the
final element, [dilr't], as younger
speakers do. Dea is the form,
usually employed before the pre-
position to. All the forms com-
pound with not, the usual elision
of the vowel in this word occur-
ring, with quite the effect of u
as the initial letter. [Di] also
receives the adverb without con-
traction [din'ut]. [Duon*ut] is
also as much used, but this form
has no verb in correspondence,
[duo] being quite unheard in
rural speech.
Dwam [dwaanr], a fit of faint-
ing. Dwaxnmish [dwaanrish],
faint. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Dwine [dw:aa-yn], v. n. to pine ;
gen. Dwiny [dwiaayni], adj.
is used in the sense of shrunken,
or puny. Exampled in this
sense, and as a pp. in the Wh. Gl.
Dwizzen [dwiz-u'n] ; or Wizzen
[wiz-u'n], v. n. and v. a. to
shrink, and dry up ; to have a
parched appearance, as withered
fruit, or the skin of old people.
A skinny - looking person is
dwizzen- or wizzen-faced., as^in
the Wh. GL, which examples the
pp. Mid. The last form belongs
to Nidd.
Earn [rh'm, yi'h'm], uncle, but
not much heard. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Ear [rh'r], year; gen. This is
a commonly heard form, among
both old and young, but the
initial letter of year is permis-
sible, and is frequent in use.
Ear [rh'r, yi'h'r], v. a. to till;
Mid. Used occasionally.
Ear-breed [rh' (or) yrh'-bree"d],
The bottom projecting beams,
behind and before, on which the
body of a cart rests, are the ear-
breeds; gen.
Earn [i-h'n, yrh'n], v. a. and
V, n. to glean; gen.
36
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Earn [i-h'n] ; or Yearn [yi'h'ii] ;
or Yern [yuir], vb. imp. to cur-
dle. The two first are exampled
in the Wh. Gl. ; gen. Edrning
[i'h'nin] and yearning [yi'h'nin],
[yeirin] and [yuir in], is used of
rennet.
Easement [rh'zment, yrh'z-
ment], relief. Employed, also,
in respect of a medicinal remedy.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. * There 's a drop
of easement in that bottle yet
let me have it ' [Dhuz- u arop-
u yi'h'zment i dhaat* bot'u'l yit"
lits' ev it'].
Easilings [yi-h'zlinz], adv. easily;
gen.
Easings [yi-h'zinz, rh'zinz], sb. pi.
eaves. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Eath [i-h'dh], adj. easy. Some
old Mid- York, people occasion-
ally use this form.
Eaze [rh'z,yrh'z], v.n. to wheeze;
gen.
Eaze [yi'h'z, rh'z], v. a. to be-
mire. Wh. Cfl. ; gen.
Ee [ee-], eye. Plur. een [ee/n],
and, on the part of old people,
[ih'n, i-h'n]. These, by rule,
add y before the plural ^ forms,
and often before the singular
form. A refined, and seldom
used plural, is eyen [a'yn-].
This, with een, and the singular
form, are exampled in the Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
E'en [ee'n, ilr'n], evening; gen.
'Good-e'en' [guod'ih-'n]. This
form is restricted in use to saluta-
tion in parting.
Een-hole [een'-uo-h'l], eye-socket.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Efter [ef -fur, if -fur], prep, after ;
gen. Joined, too, to the pre-
position at, but its employment
in this way is slight compared
with the usage in town dialect.
' I 's (I am) boon (going) at-after '
[Aa-z boo-n ut-ef-t'ur].
Egg [egg'], v. a. to incite; to
urge, or edge on. It is joined to
the adverb on ' Eg on ' in the
Wh. Gl. This is a great com-
panion verb, but yet separable.
The objective him often comes
between, and indeed the verb
has various positions. ' He was
egged to it ' [Ee wur" 'eggd' tivt].
' None of thy egging, now ; go
away from the lad' [Nih-'n u
dhaa- egg'in, noo ; gaan* uwi'h'z
fre t laad'].
Egremont [egg-rimont], an ex-
plosive term, with no recog-
nized significance. ' The egre-
mont ! ' [Dhu 'egg-rimont !]
' He 's going the egremont yon-
der' [Eez* guoh-'in dhu egg'-
rimont yuolr'nd'ur]. The word
does not convey any objection-
able meaning, though it has all
the play of a word of this cha-
racter; Mid.
Elder [re'ld'u], adv. rather; gen.
Elding [el-din, il'din, ihTdin
(and with initial y to the various
forms)], fuel. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Eller [el'ur], the pronunciation
of elder, having reference to the
tree of the name ; gen.
Ellwand [el-waand] ; or Yard-
wand [yeh-'dwaand], a yard-
stick. Wh. Gl. The first form
is gen. ; the last Mid- Yorkshire,
as also, Cloth- wand [tle'h'th-
waand].
Elsin [el -sin], an awl. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
End-all [ind'-yaal-, ao'h'l (ref.)],
more freely used than custom-
arily, and with a wider inter-
pretation, in the sense of an act
of completion. Also, a finishing
stroke ; gen.
Endlong [indiaang], adv. in a
line forward, from end to end ;
a position in which a body would
be laid at whole length. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. But the word is not
necessarily used on every occa-
sion, unless the object referred
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
37
to is inanimate matter. In Nid-
derdale, a person or animal laid
at whole length is said to be
laid lang - streaked [laang*-
st'rih'kt]; and, in Mid- York-
shire, at lang-length [laang'-
lenth'].
Endways [ind'wi-h'z (and)
we"h'z], adv. in a way of straight
progress. Wh. OL ; gen. ' He
came straight endways to meet
me ' [Ee kaanr st'reyt* ind*-
wi"h'z tu ineyt mu].
Enow [inoo'], adv. by-and-by ;
presently. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Entry fin't'ri], a passage, or cor-
ridor ; gen. Anything spacious
of this nature, as the entrance-
hall of a mansion, would be
called a hall - stead [ao'h'l-
sti"h'd], or, in the case of an in-
ferior domicile, the house -lobby
[oo"s-laob'i].
Ept [ept', ipt'], adj. apt. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Esh [esh'], the ash. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Ether [edh-ur, idh-ur], a large
light kind of fly ; gen.
Ettle [et'u'l, yet'u'l], v. n. to aim
at, or act with intent. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. 'What's thou ettling at
with that stick, pray thee ? '
[Waats* tu 'et'lin aat' wi dhaat'
stik', predh' u?], what, do you
intend to make of it, pray ? said
to one at work with knife and
stick.
Even - endways [rhWn ind--
wi"h'z (and) we' *h'z] , adv. straight
progress, in an even direction
with some object, real or sup-
posed ; gen. A child that is not
well able to walk, will maintain
its balance with the aid of its
hands, and shuffle along even-
endways by the wall-side. And
so, as in the Wh. Gl., a person
squanders all he has, even-end-
ways, in a straight course with
inclination, without let or hin-
drance. Even takes the y [yi'h'-
vu'n].
Everylike [ivri laa-k, laayk
(and) leyk], adv. at time and
time. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Ewe [iw], pret. of owe; Mid.
This is an occasional form.
Awed [ao'h'd] is the most usual,
unless the verb is joined to an
auxiliary, in which case Awen
[ao'h'n] is the form used.
Ewn [iwn, yiwn] ; or Ean [i'h'n,
yi'h'n] ; or Ai'n [:e'h'n, y:e'h'n] ;
or Yoon [yoo'n, oo'n] ; or Yun
[yuon-] ; or Yoin [yuoyn-,
uoyn'l; or Yaewn[ye'wn,e*wn];
or Yoan [yuoh-'n] ; or Yuwn
[yru'wn, :u'wn] ; or Youn
[yaown], oven. A receptacle put
to great use in Yorkshire, even in
the large towns, where the very
poorest usually occupy single
dwellings. All these forms are
heard in the rural district, how-
ever. Ewn, Yoon, Ean are
general, the last used by old
people, and the preceding one
the most common. Ai'n, Yun
are Mid-Yorks. forms ; so are
Yoin, Yoan, but these are casual
forms, imported from the south-
west. Yaewn is a Nidderdale
form, but less used than Ewn
and Yoon. The two last are
the dialect refined forms, Youn
being most usual to Mid-Yorks.,
and Yuwn being most heard in
market-town speech northward.
Fadge [faaj-], one who is short
and fat in appearance. Wh. GL ;
gen. Applied as frequently to
children as to upgrown people.
Fadge [faaj'], also, a person who
is jaded in appearance ; Mid.
Fadge [faaj-], v. n. to labour
in walking, through having a
great amount of flesh to carry.
Wh. Gl; gen. 'Thou fadges
like an old horse' [Dhoo faaj -La
laa'k un' ao'h'd aos'].
38
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Faff [faaf ] ; or Fuff [fuof ], v. n.,
v. a., and sb. To blow in puffs.
Wh. Ol. The first form is
general ; the two forms are heard
in Mid. ' It came in my face like
a faff of chimney-smoke ' [It*
kaam' i mi frh's laa'k u faaf- u
chiurlu ree'k]. Applied, also,
to one who, in talking, uses
more breath than is necessary.
Also, to a young frisky child.
Of a light breeze, it will be said,
4 It hardly faffs a flower' [It
aa-dlinz faafs' u fluo'h'].
Fain [fe'h'n], v. n. and adj. to
be desirous ; glad ; or eager. Wh.
GL; gen.
Falter [f:ao-lt'u], v. a. and v. n.
to thrash grain in the sheaf, in
order to separate it from the
awn, or ' beard ; ' Mid.
Fanticles [faaniiku'lz, faair-
taaku'lz], sb. pi. freckles on the
skin, usually on the face ; gen.
These are popularly accounted
for as marks made by the spurt-
ings of milk from the mother's
breast, inevitably occasioned, so
that a face may be marred that
is ' ower bonny.'
Farley [faa-li], a failing, or eccen-
tricity. Wh. Ol. ; Mid.
Farmer [faa-mur], adj. farmost;
Nidd. Employed also as an
adverb. ' He 's the farthest of
the two, however ' [Eez* t
faa'mur ut- twi'h', oo-ivur].
Farrantly [faaruntli], adj. gen-
teel. Wh. ai ; Mid.
Fashous [faaslvus] ; or Feshous
[fesh'us], adj. troublesome. Wh.
OL ; gen.
Fastens [faas-u'nz], Shrovetide.
An occasional term ; Mid.
Fatlap [faat'laap], the hanging
fat of meat ; gen.
Fatten [faat-u'n], weeds; Mid.
Fauf [fao-h'f, fuo'h'f], sb. and
adj. fallow. Wh. Ol.; gen. 'A
/M/-neld ' [U fao-h' filr'ld], a
fallow-field.
Fawnsome [fao-h'nsum], adj.
gently aggressive in manner,
or desire ; Mid.
Feal [fi-h'l], v. a. bide; gen.
Past part, felt [fel't].
Feaster [frh'st'ur] ; or Fuster
[fuos't'ur] ; or Feuster [fiw-
st'ur] ; or Foster [faos't'ur]. To
be ' in a f easier ' is to be in a
state of tumultuous haste. This
is the form most heard ; Mid.
Feather-fallen [fidlru-f:aoh'lu'n],
adj. crest-fallen. Wh. GL ; gen.
Featherful [fedh-ufuol], the herb
rue ; gen. [Obviously a corrup-
tion of feverfew, which, again, is
for fever-fuge, i. e. a driver off of
fever. W. W. S.]
Feck [fek 1 ], a large number;
gen. ' The main feck of them
went in' [T me'h'n fek' on' urn*
wint' in 1 ]. ' A feck o' fowk ' [U
fek- u faowk'], a great number
of people.
Feely [fee'li], adj. sensitive;
Mid. ' He 's very feely ; he soon
knows when he's hurt' [Eez*
vaar'u fee'li; ee* si'h'n nao-h'z
win' iz 1 ot'u'n].
Feft [feft-], v. a. to endow.
Feftment [fef 'ment], sb. endow-
ment. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Also
[fih-'fment] and [feft'] sbs.
Feitly [feytli], adj. exactly, pro-
perly. Wh. GL; Mid.
Felf [felf-]; or Filf [filf-], the
felloe of a wheel ; gen.
Fell [fel-], v. a. to fell; but
commonly used where knocked
down and prostrate are employed
in ordinary speech. Wh. OL ;
gen. Also, substantively .
Fell [fell-], a hill, or piece of
abruptly high ground. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Fello [fel-u], v. a. To plough a
field in fallow for the first time,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
39
in the spring, is to fello it. To
plough it the second time, is to
' stir ' [staor], or stir it ; gen.
Fellon [fel-un, fil'un], a skin
disease, incident to cattle. Wh.
OL; gen.
Fellow -fond [fel-u-, (and) fil-u-
faond], adj. love-smitten. Wh.
GL; gen.
Felter [feK'ur], v. n. and v. a.
to clot ; gen.
Felverd [fel-vud], the fieldfare;
Mid. [In Chaucer, feldefare.
(This accounts for the first e.}
W. W. S.]
Fend [fend-, (and) find'], v. n.,
v. a., and sb. physical capability ;
active management. Wh. OL ;
gen. to the county. A much-
used word. 'He's no fend in
him ' [Eez* ne'h' fend* in' (or
[iv]) iirr], is incapable of action.
'He fends for himself' [Ee fenz-
fur 1 izs:e'l], provides for himself.
' She 's a bad fender for a house
where there 's a lot of children'
[Shuz* u baad' fen'd'u fur' a
oos- wilr' dhuz' u lot' u be'h'nz],
an ill manager, or contriver.
'Thou makes no fend of it, man !
look, and watch me ! ' [Dhoo
maaks- ne'h' fend' on' t, muon- !
li'h'k, un' waach' iniae'y],
' He may fend as he likes he '11
never do well ' [Ee mu fend' uz'
i laa-ks il' nivu di'h' wee'l].
Also, to strive in dispute, on
defensive or offensive grounds.
See Fend and Prove.
Fendable [fen-d'ubu'l], adj. in-
dustrious and managing. Wh.
OL; Mid.
Fend and Prove [f end -un prrh'v],
a verbal phrase in constant use,
general to the county, and mean-
ing, like its participial form in
the Wh. OL, to argue and de-
fend.
Fent [fent-], a remnant ; applied
to woven fabrics. Wh. OL ; gen.
Fere [f :i-h'r]. This term, though
not in use conversationally, oc-
- curs in one of the variations of
the Christmas ' nomony,' or for-
mula of good wishes :
' I wish you a merry Christmas,
and a happy New Year ;
A pocketful of money, and a barrel-
ful of beer ;
Good luck to your feather- fowl,
fere, ;
And please will you give me my
Christmas-box ! '
[Aa' wey'sh yu muri Kis'mus, un'
u aap-i Niw Yi'h'r ;
U pokit-fuol' u muo-ni, un' u
baar'il-fuol' u bi'h'r ;
Gi'h'd luok- ti yur' fed''u-foo"l,
f:i'h'r;
Un' pli'h'z wil* yu gi mu mi
Kis'mus-bao'ks].
The line containing the word is
addressed to the mistress of the
house, who, together with her
daughters, are usually identified
with the merchandise of the
poultry-yard. In cases where
the profits accruing are not a
material item of the household
resources, the income to be ex-
tracted from the rearing of ducks,
geese, and other fowls for the
market, makes an agreeable ad-
dition to pin-money. The vowel
in the first syllable of [fed-'u]
interchanges with [i].
Fesh [fesh-], v. a. to put about;
to importune ; to exert body or
mind unduly ; gen. ' Don't fret
HOT fesh yourself about it you '11
get over it ' [Din'ut fri'h't nur'
fesh' dhisen' uboot* it' dhoo'l
git- aowh't]. Fash [faaslr] ( Wh.
GL} is heard, too, as a less cha-
racteristic form.
Fest [fest-], v. a. to make fast;
gen.
Fest [fest'], hiring-money ; gen.
' I 've got half-a-crown fest.' ' I
got five shillings for my feet '
[Aa'v git'u'n 'i'h'f-u-kroo'n fest'.
'Aa* gaat' faa'v shil'in fu -maa'
fest']. God-penny [gaod'peiii]
40
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
(often God's-penny) is as fre-
quently used, with the same
meaning, and is general to the
county.
Fet [fet-], (=fit), v. a. and v. n.
to satisfy ; to serve properly. It
is a word with varied applica-
tion, in the sense of adapting
means to an end ; gen. ' Nought
fets him ' [Naowt* fets* inr].
Or, in irony, ' Thou 's fetten him
off at last, however' [Dhooz-
fet'u'n inr aof ut - laast*, oo-
ivu], paid him off at last.
'Which frock is to fet the child
on Sunday?' [Wiclr froks' tu fet'
t be'h'n u Suon'd'u ?] ' Its old
blue one will fet for once ' [It'
ao'h'd 'bli* un' ul* fet' fu
yaans*].
Fetch [feclr], v. n. applied to
breathing, when respiration is a
heaving, painful effort. Wh. Ol, ;
gen. Also, substantively.
Fettle [fifu'l, (and) fet'u'l], v. a.
and sb. of wide application. To
put or to be in condition in any
way. Wh. Ol. ; gen. to the
county. Has also an ironical
use. ' I '11 fettle thy jacket for
thee' [Aa-1 fit'u'l dhi jaak'it fu
dhu], will serve you out. ' Thou's
a bonny fettler I ' [Dhooz u
baonl fet'lu !] You are a fine
fellow !
Fewpenny [fiwpeni, fih''peni], a
hiring-penny ; Mid.
Fey [fey], v. a. and v. n. to
clear; gen. ' Fey that hedge
bottom out ' [Fey dhaat' ij'
bod-'um oot']. Also, to winnow
by hand.
Fezzon [fez'un], v. a. to attack,
tooth-and-nail ; gen. Usually
joined to on. ' He struck him,
but, mind you, didn't he turn
again and fezzon on him ! ' [Ee
st're'h'k inr, bupt', maa-nd yu,
'did'nt i taon' ugi'h'n un* fez'un
on' inr !] [Fezzon on is to fasten
on, i.e. to seize and hold tena-
ciously. W. W. S.]
Filly -fally [frh'li-faa-li], v. n.
to idle Mid. * I shall fearly-
farly here no longer; I shall
go ' [Aa- sul' fi'h'lifaali i'h' nu
laang'ur; Aa 1 sul' gaang 1 ].
Findy [find-i], adj. plentiful; a
word used in connection with
the weather-proverb :
' A dry March, an' a windy ;
A full barn, an' a, findy.'
[U d'raa' Me'h'ch, un' u win'd'i;
U fuol' baa'n, un- u fin'd'i].
Mid. It is averred, in explana-
tion, that the growth of corn
will be, under these circum-
stances, remarkable for 'quan-
tity and quality.' [The Mid-
Eng. finden means 'to provide
for' : and findy means ' affording
abundant provisions.' W.W. S.]
Fire-fanged [faa-r,(and) faayh'r-
faangd], adj. caught, or charred
by the fire. Anything with an
overdone or burnt flavour. Also,
applied to a hot-tempered per-
son. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Fire-gods [faa-r, (and) faayh'r-
gaods], a pair of bellows; Mid.
Fire-pur [faa-r, (and) faayh'r-
pur, paor, (and) puor]. Pur
[pur 1 , paor', (and) puor'], a
poker; Mid.
Firesmatch [faa'r, (and) faayh'r-
smaach], a burnt flavour. Wh.
01.; Mid.
Firing [faa'rin, (and) faayh'rin],
fuel. Wh. Ol.; gen.
Fit [fit'], a time of continuance.
Wh. Ol; gen.
Fitchet [fich-it]; or Foulmart
[foo'lmut] ; or Fou'mart [foo'-
mut], the pole-cat ; gen. Earn-
pests which, in some villages,
are bought up by the constable
of the township, who is author-
ized to pay for them usually at
the rate of fourpence per head.
Fitter [fit-'ur], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to be visibly annoyed ; gen. 'He
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
41
wur sadly Jittered over it' [Ee
wur' saad'li fit''ud aow'h't]. ' Let
him fare and fitter, then' [Lit*
inr fe'h'r iin* fit''u, dhen'], Let
him go his way, and be annoyed,
then.
Flack [flaak-], vb. impers. and sb.
to pulsate heavily ; gen.
Flacker [flaak -ur], v. n. to flutter
heavily, as a wounded bird beats
with its wings, or as the heart
palpitates under excitement. Wh.
GL ; gen. Also, substantively.
Flag [flaag-] ; or Flak [flaak-] ;
or Fleak [fli'h'k], flake; gen.
Snow-flag [snao*h'-flaag]. Flak
is not much used, but is in-
variably employed in connection
with the word soot, though not
usually compounded, [u flaak* u
si'h't]. Flake is employed, too,
but only in refined speech [fle'h'k],
Flake [fli-h'k], a ceiling-, or rafter-
rack, used for drying oat-cakes,
&c. ; gen.
Flam [flaanr], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to flatter. Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Flan [flaan-], v. n. and sb. to
spread; Mid. * How she does flan
with that gown of hers ! ' [Oo*
shu d:iz -flaan* wi dhaat- goo-n u
u % z!] A flower- vase 'flans out'
at the top. Flan-hat [flaan*-
aat'] is a summer-hat, with a
flapping brim, worn by the farm-
ers' wives.
Flannen [flaan in, (and) flaan 'un],
flannel; Nidd.
Flapado'sha [flaap-uduoh-'shu],
a showy, active person, with
superficial manners. ' Such flap-
ado 1 sha ways I have no pa-
tience with them ' [Sa'yk* flaap*-
uduolr'shu wi'h'z Aa'v ni*h'
pe-h' shuns wi unr].
Flappery [flaap-uri], the minor
equipments of dress a loosely
comprehensive term. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Flatter cap [flaat-'ucaap], applied
playfully to a wheedling or coax-
ing child. Wh. GL ; gen.
Flaught [flaowt*] ; or Fire-naught
[faa*r, (and) faayh'r- flaowt'],
applied to the particle of ' live '
gaseous coal which darts out of
a fire ; gen. It is always ex-
amined carefully, to see whether,
as a 'purse,' it betokens good
luck, or, as a coffin, disaster to
the person it flies nearest to.
Flaum [flao-h'm], deceitful lan-
guage; Mid.
Flaumy [flao'h'mi],adj. vulgarly
fine in dress. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Flaun [flao-h'n], a custard. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Flaup [flao-h'p] ; or Flope
[fluo-h'pj; or Flowp [flaowp],
sb. and y. n. one who is vulgarly
ostentatious in dress or manners,
or flippant in either. Wh. GL,
with the exception of the last
pronunciation. This, and the
first, are general ; and the second
may be, but is most heard in Mid.
Flavoursome [fl-rhVusum, fl:e-h'-
vusum], adj. having a decided
flavour ; gen. There are also
old people who say [flaavusum] ;
Mid.
Flay [fle-h'], v. a. to frighten.
Wh. GL ; gen. to the county.
Flay - boggle [fle-h'bogu'l] ; or
Flay-cruke [fle'h'kriwk, fle'h'-
krih'k], scarecrow. ' Wh. GL ;
gen.
Flaysome [fle-h'suom (and) sum],
adj. frightening. Wh. Gl.; gen.
Fleak [flrh'k], a wattle. Wh.
GL ; Mid. This word is also in
use, but not so commonly.
Fleck [flek-], a spot ; gen. Wh.
GL; pp.
Flee-be-sky [flee-- (and) flih-'-
biskaa*, (and) skaay], usually
applied to a fussy, forgetful per-
son, young or old; also, to a
ridiculously - dressed female.
42
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Sometimes used, too, of a flighty
person, as in the Wh. GL ; gen.
Fleece [flees*], familiarly em-
ployed in the sense of bodily
condition or bulk. Wh. GL ; gen.
' He 's a bonny (fine) fleece of his
own ' [Eez- u baon'i flees- uv iz'
ao'h'n, (and) e'h'u], will be said
in allusion to a very stout per-
son. To ' shake a fleece ' [shaak'
u flees'] is, as in the Wh. GL,
to lose flesh, through illness, or
other cause.
Flee-mouse [nee'-moo"sl the bat;
Mid.
Fleer [flrh'r], sb., v. a., and v. n.
applied to,a person of loose flirt-
ing habits ; Mid.
Flepper [flep-ur] ; or Flebber
[fleb-ur], v. n. and sb. to cry, and
make a lip, in noisy emotion ; to
sob; gen. 'What's that bairn
fleppering at ? ' [Waats' dhaat*
be'h'n flep-rin aat-]. The verb
is often shortened to flep [flep'],
with flepin [flep in], for the pres.
part. There is a capricious vowel-
change, too, to be noted. ' What 's
thou standing flipping and flep-
ping there at ? Pretha (pray thou,
or thee) have a good roar, and
have done with it' [Waats' tu
staanin flip'in un' flep'in dhi'h'r
aat' ? Predh'u ey u gi'h'd ruo'h'r,
un' ae drh'n wiy t]. Flebber
is the usual Nidderdale form,
likewise, at times, shortened to
fleb. ' He laid his head down
on t' table, emdflebbered ' [I le'h'd
iz' i'h'd doon* ut' te'h'bu'l un*
fleb-ud]; Nidd.
Flew [fliw], a p. t. onflow, heard
from individuals in Mid-York-
shire. So also Hew [riw], p. t.
of row.
v. a. and v. n. to
Lig, also, sb. a fledgling.
Fligged [fligd'], fledged, or
feathered. 'Fligged and flown'
[Fligd' un flaown'] ; gen.
Flint [flint'}. To -fix' the flint
[nig-],
e. Fli
of any person, is to serve him
out; gen. The figure has an
obvious connection with the old
form of firelock.
Flipe [fla'yp '], the brim or over-
hanging portion of a hat, or
bonnet; gen. 'She's torn her
bonnet so that the flipe only
holds by the crown' [Shuz'
ruovu'n ur' buon'it se' ut' t
fla'yp' nuob'ut aodz' bi t kroo'n].
Flirtigig [fhrtigig, (and) fl:ao'ti-
gig], a giddy female. The s is
very seldom added, as in the
Wh. GL ; gen.
Flisk [flisk-], v. a. to fillip. Wli.
GL ; Mid. Also, substantively.
Flit [flit'], v. n. and sb. to remove
habitation. ' A moonlight flit '
[U mi'h'nleet flit'], a removal
under suspicious circumstances.
Wh. GL ; gen. Also, occasion-
ally, as an active verb.
"Elite [fla'yt-], v. n. and sb. to
scold, in a high key. Wh. GL ;
gen. ' There 's such a flite going
on between them' [Dhuz' saa'k
u fla'yt' gaan'in on* utwi'h'n
urn']. At chance times, the verb
is employed actively. ' He '11
flite you, if you do' [II' fla'yt'
dhu un' dhuo diz'], will scold
you if you do said to a young
person.
Flither [flidh'ur], a limpet ; gen.
Flizzen [fliz-u'n], v. n. To laugh
with the whole of the face, is to
flizzen ; gen. Flizzy, adj. ap-
plied to those who are inclined
to laugh at little, in this manner.
Flob [nob'], sb., v. a., and v. n. a
puff, or swelling; Mid. One
juvenile will challenge another
in this strain : ' I can make a
bigger flob on my cheek than
thou can on thine' [Aa- kmr
maak* u big'u flob' o 'maa'
cheek' un- dhoo' kaan'u 'dhaa-n].
To which the reply may be :
' Flob away, then ; thou 's always
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
43
fobbing it ' [Flob' uwi-h', dhin' ;
dhooz- 'yaal'us flob'in it'].
Flowt [flaowt], a sod of heath-
turf, used as fuel ; geu. ' A
creelful o' flowts' [U kree'lfuol
u flaowts]. Swash [swaash'],
adv. aside, or clear ; Nidd.
Chiefly used in the imperative
jnood. ' Stand swash, lads ! '
[Staan* swaash', laadz' !] ' He
stood swash of them' [Ee stiwd
swaash' on* urn,*], stood clear of
them.
Flowterment [flaowt'ument],
noisy talk. Wh. GL; gen.
Flowtersome [naowt'usum], adj.
of a flighty, quarrelsome turn.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Fluff [fluof-], sb. and v. a. applied
to anything of a downy or filmy
nature; gen. When used of a
feather, it, in a strict sense, has
to do with the membranous part.
* There 's a lot of fluff in one of
the cupboard corners pray thee
clean it out' [Dhuz- u lot' u
fluof' i yaan' ut' kuob'ud
ni'h'ks predh-u tli'h'n it* oot 1 ].
1 Thou '11 fluff it up if thou doesn't
mind' [Dhool' fluof' it* uop- un'
tu diz'u'nt maa-nd]. Also,
figuratively, for any light temper
of mind.
Fluke [fliwk'], a large kind of
maggot. Fluked [fliwkt'J, pp.
and Fluky [fliwk -i], adj. are
applied to the traces of this
worm. Wh. GL; Mid.
Flumpy [fluonrpi], adj. squat.
Wh. Gl; Mid.
Flush [nuoslr], v. n. to blush;
Mid. Flushy [fluoshi], adj. is
commonly applied to any red
colour; and so Flushy-faced,
for red-faced, as in Wh. GL
Flusk [fluos-k], v. a. and sb. to
flush ; gen. 'When she got her
letter, and saw who it was from,
she was all in a flusk and flutter '
[Wen' shu gaat' ur' let''ur, un*
see'd we* it- waa 'frev, shilr'
wur* 'yaal' i u fluos-k un' fluot 1 '-
ur], A person treading the
grass flusks a partridge, and is
also flushed himself by the sud-
den noise made.
Fluster [nuos-t'ur], sb. and v. a.
The usual meaning of this word
is, a state of excitement, and it
is variously applied in this sense.
The visible condition of an ex-
cited speaker would be fluster,
as would also the rhodomontade
he was indulging in. So, also,
a hot skin eruption is called a
fluster. The word has also the
meaning of hurry. * He 's in a
er to be off ' [Eez' i u fluos'tu'
tu bi :ao'f]. These various mean-
ings seem to be implied in the
Wh. GL ; gen.
Fluz [fluoz'], v. a. and sb. bruise ;
Nidd. Fhizzer is also used sub-
stantivety, in a familiar way.
That's a fluzzer' [Dhaats* u
fluoz -ur], a bruise, and no mis-
take.
Foakses [fuoh-'ksiz], plural of
folk, when followed by a noun ;
gen. ' He 'd rather mind other
foakses business than his own'
[Eed' re-h'd'ur maa-nd udh'ur
fuoh-'ksiz biz'nis- dhen' iz' ao'h'n].
' Some foaks that were there told
me' [Suonr fuo'h'ks ut' wur*
dhi'h'r tild' mu].
Foalfoot [fuoh-'lf :ih't], coltsfoot ;
Mid.
Foat [f:uo-h't, fuolr't], foot. The
old employ this form. Others
[f:uo't]. Foot and/e^ maybe dis-
tinguished, but are not usually ;
the general form for the sing,
and plur. being [frh't].
Fog [fog-], after-grass. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Fogrum [fuoh-'grum], most com-
monly heard employed as a
mildly offensive term, towards
upright, but objectionable people;
a ' fogey ; ' gen. ' An old fo-
grum ' [Un ao'h'd fuoh-'grum].
44
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Foist [faoyst-], sb. fust ; Foisty
[faoys-ti], adj. fusty. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also applied to the smell
of anything in this state.
Fold-garth [faoh-'d-ge-h'th], fold,
or farm-yard, usually bounded
by the folds of the live stock.
Wh. GL; gen. The enclosures
in immediate relation to the
farmstead all go by the name of
garths, as the stackgarth [staak*-
ge-hth], stick- [stik'-J, garden-
[g:e'h'din-], potatoe- [te'h'ti-],
apple- [aap-u'l-], goose- [gih-'s-]
(or pond- [p:uo'h'nd-]), and
other garths.
Folkstead [fuolr'kstrh'd], an out-
door place of assembly for general
purposes. * The chapel wouldn't
hold them all, so they made
a folkstead of the garth, and
started a meeting there ' [Chaap'il
waad'u'nt aolr'd um ao'h'l, soil'
dhe mi'h'd u fuolr'ksti'h'd ut
ge'h'th, un' steh-'t'id u mih-'tin
dhih-'J. So, a market-place is
referred to as [t melr'kitstrh'd] ;
and many other words are asso-
ciated with the idiom, as, beck-
stead [bek'sti'h'd], the bed of
the brook ; gardenstead [geh-'-
dinsti'h'd], the garden - plot ;
daystead [delr'strh'd], the day-
time ; noonstead [nih-'nstrh'd],
noontime ; kyestead [kaa 1 -,
k:aa-y-, (and) key-, k:ae-y-
(ref-) sti'h'd], a fenced enclosure,
where kine are herded, for tem-
porary purposes ; nightstead
[neet-strh'd], the time, or, place
of night. The vowel in the first
part of the compound, as in
several of the other words, is
short only by position ; Mid.
Fond [faond'], adj. foolish. Fond
cruke, or crook [f:ao'nd kriwk'],
a foolish whim. Fond talk
[f:ao-nd tao'h'k], foolish talk.
Fond hoit [f:ao'nd aoyt 1 ], or
stupid fool, as the term is best
rendered. Fondness [f:ao'ndnus],
foolishness. Fondy [fiao-ndi],
fool. Wh. GL ; gen. Also silly.
' I 'd a dizziness in my head,
that turned me fair (quite) fond'
[Aa-d u diz-inus i mi yi'h'd, ut-
taond' mu 'fe'h'r -faond']. Fond
fool [f:ao-nd fi'h'l] is often used,
in emphatic phraseology. Fond
is much favoured in proverb and
simile. ' As fond as a door-nail '
[Uz- f:ao-nd uz' u di'h'r-n:e'h'l].
4 As /cwd.as a yat ' [Uz- f:ao'nd
uz' u yaat'], or gate.
Footfalling [fi-h'tf:aoh'lin], the
period of confinement, or child-
birth. Wh. Gl; gen.
Footing [frh'tin] ; or Footings
[fi'h'tinz]; or Foot- Ale [fi'h't-
yaal'], a levy of money by men-
servants of every class, on those
who join them in the same em-
ployment, and usually expended
in ale, or, under important cir-
cumstances, a supper. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Forbear [f:ao-rbilr'r] ; or For-
elder [f:ao'reld'u], an ancestor;
gen. The first vowel, in each
case, also interchanges with the
refined one [:u*] ; and the second
vowel (e) of the last form inter-
changes with [i].
Fore [faor, fur-], front ; gen.
< T' /ore-door ' [T fur-diwh'r].
The vowel is as often long as
short.
Fore [fuolr'r], usually preceded
by to the [tu t], and employed
as an adverb. Beforehand. It
is frequently associated with a
slight idiom, as in the Wh. GL ;
gen. ' I must get up an hour
sooner to-morrow, and be to the
fore with my work a bit' [Aa*
mmr git* uop* un* uo'h' si'h'nu
tu m:uo'hn, un' bi tu t f:uo'h'r
wi mi waa-k u bit']. ' Is all to
the fore, then ? ' [Iz' yaal' tu t
f:uo'h'r, dhen'?], Is all quite
ready? Under some circum-
stances, the preposition inter-
changes with at. ( Go, and get
at the fore' [Gaangg', un' git'
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
ut' t f:uo-h'r]. 'He's at the
fore of him ' [Eez- ut- t f:uo'h'r
u'n* im'], He is beforehand with
him.
Pore-end [for-end% faor-end',
fuor-end', fur-end'], beginning;
gen. ' Start (begin) at the fore-
end ' [Staa-t ut- fur--end-]. The
last pronunciation is the refined,
but is in frequent use. In all
the forms, the e of end is inter-
changeable with i. In this con-
nection the Wh. Gl. pronunciation
[fuo-h'r-end-] is, everywhere,
in rural dialect, an extremely
refined one, and rarely heard.
Forefeeling [faorf:rh'lin, fur-
f:rh'lin], presentiment ; gen.
The prefix of the last form is the
refined one.
Foremind [faor, frucrh' (and) f :u*
(ref.) maa-nd], v. a. to pre-de-
termine; Mid.
Forkin - robin [faoh-'km-ruobin],
the earwig. Wh. GL ; Mid. The
refined form [firkin-raobin] is
in frequent use.
Foss [faos'J, a waterfall, or ' force;'
Mid. This is the pronunciation
of the verb, too. 'I shall be
forced (obliged) to go' [Aa- su'l
bi -faos- tu gaangg*].
Fost [faost*], adj. first ; gen.
Post [paost-], and host [aost%
waost" (and, casually), whaost'],
have, in rural dialect, a cor-
responding pronunciation. In
the speech of educated northern
people, there is the undoubtful
sound of the short [o] in all such
words as lost, tost, moss, cross.
This class of people also preserve
the same sound in such other
words as chop, dog, off, office,
moth, broth, pother, frost, Tom,
gone, morning, song, long ; all of
which are made to take the short
[o] sharply. In common dialect
there is a decided interchange of
[ao] and [o] in certain odd words,
as turn, hurt, post, durst. Other
words are subjected to the same
treatment, but the Towel [ao]
has most affinity with the dialect.
Foul [f:oo-l], v. a. to dirty ; to
defile. Also to defame, or slan-
der. Wh. GL ; gen.
Foul - fingered [f:oo-l-fingg-ud].
adj. thievish. Wh. GL ; gen.
Fouling [foo'lin], fouling, i.e.
dirtying; gen. < It'll f eta /owZ-
ing ' [It* ul fet" u" foo'lin], it will
serve for a dirtying.
Foumart [foonrut] ; or Foulmart
[fool-mut] ; or Fummut [fuonr-
ut], the polecat ; gen. The first
two forms are in the Wh. GL
Fout [foawt', f:ao-h't], fool.
Mam's fout [maamz* foawt'], as
the pet or spoiled child of the
family is designated. Wh. Gl.;
Mid.
Fouty [foawt -i, f:ao-h'ti], adj.
faulty. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
word is more used than in ordi-
nary Speech, as is also the sub-
stantive form.
Frae by [frebi], prep, from by,
*'. e. in comparison with. Wh.
GL ; gen. The form is usually
sounded as one word, but is
frequently heard as two words,
[frelr' bi].
Fraal [fr:e-h-'l] ; or Thraal
[thr:e-h'l], flail; Mid. Called
also a swipple [swip'u'l].
Fratch [fraaclr], v. n. and sb.
to wrangle, brawl, or quarrel
sharply in dispute; gen. The
initial letter interchanges, to
some extent, with th. In the
south, as at Leeds, any other
form than the last is unusual,
the / being looked upon as an
imperfect sound, and rarely heard
apart from children's conversa-
tion.
Fra'te [freh-'t], p. t. of fret, to
grieve; Mid.
Fraunge [frao-h'nj], sb. and v. n.
an irregular excursion ; a frolic.
Wh. GL; Mid.
46
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Frav [fraav] ; or Frev [frev] ;
or Friv [fnv] ; or Fruv [fruov,
fruv] ; or Frea [frrh'] ; or Fra
E~\ ; or Fra' [fraeh-'] ; or Freh
; or Fraa [fre'h'], prep.
; gen. These forms are
not employed according to any
strict rule. The v is by no means
necessary before a following
vowel. Frav, frev, and fruv
are used more especially in con-
nection with past tenses of verbs,
but there is no restriction in the
matter. Sentences are often spun
out in homely speech, and would
be hopelessly complicated but
for being well served by a
changing form, as here exam-
pled.
Frem [frenr], adj. strange, or
foreign; unfamiliar. Wh. GL;
Mid. The vowel has a frequent
interchange with i.
Frenk [frengk-] ; or Frank
[fraangk 1 ], Frances; gen. These
are also forms of the male proper
name, Francis.
Fresh [fresh*, fraeslr], a freshet,
or river in overflow. Applied,
also, to the additional volume of
water flooding the channel, as in
the Wh. Ol. phrase, 'A run of
fresh' [Uruon- u fresh']. Frush
[fruosh'] is also occasionally
heard from old people ; Mid.
Frevard [frevud, frivudj, prep,
fromward, i. e. in a direction,
or, tending, from, as allied anti-
thetically to toward ; gen.
Fridge [frij-], v. a. and sb. to
fray, by attrition ; gen.
Frog-i'-t'-mouthpraoglt-mootlr],
a popular name for the complaint
known as the thrush ; Mid.
Frowzy [frocrzi], adj. sour or
harsh-looking. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Frumity [fruonruti], frumenty,
the Christmas preparation of
wheat, boiled and served with
spiced milk. Wh. GL ; gen.
Frush [fruoslr], v. a. and sb.
rumple; Mid.
Fudgeon [fuodju'n], sb. a squat,
fussy person. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Also, a v. n. to fuss, with a
laboured activity of manner, and
usually applied to persons of
short stature. ' I overtook him
going fudgeoning down the lane '
[Aa* aowlr'rtrh'k inr gaan'in
fuod'ju'nin d:oo'n t luo'h'n].
Fuge [fiwg] ; or Feage [f.-i-h'g],
usually preceded by ' old,' and
applied to a female of advanced
years and disreputable character;
Mid. [What is called in some
Earts a ' fag ; ' as, an ' old fish-
ig,' i. e. an old fish wo man
(Scott's novels). W. W. S.]
Fugle [fiwgu'l], a term to which
an indefinite meaning is allotted,
and applied under circumstances
where manners or actions are in
any way objectionable ; gen.
' I '11 have my eye on that fugle '
[Aa'l ev maa* ee* u 'dhaat'
fiwgu'l] . A tramp catches sight
of the constable, and it is re-
marked that the former has
'catched a glent o' t' fugle'
[kaacht 1 u dlint* ut fiwgu'l].
Full [fruo'l], v. n. to run dry, as
soft earth, when touched, after
long exposure to the sun ; Mid.
Fullock [fuol'uk], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to propel by a jerking
movement of the finger and
thumb. Wh. GL (verb] ; gen.
Full soon [fuol'si'h'n], adv. pre-
maturely. Full, also, adds to
the significance of various other
words adjectives and adverbs.
Full sore [fuel- se-h'r], adv.
sorely. Wh. GL ; gen.
Fulth [fuolth-], fill, or fulness.
Wh . Gl. ; gen. ' Go away ! thou
has had thy fulth on 't ' [Gaan'
uw:i'h'z ! dhuoz 1 aad' "dhaa*
fuolth' on t], Go away ! you
have had your fill of it ; Mid.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
47
Fur [fuor] ; or For [faor], fur-
row; gen.
Fur [fur-], prep, for ; gen.
Though this form is heard in
town dialect, its more frequent
recurrence, and the position it
occupies in sentences in rural
dialect, render it distinctive of
this phase. Fur is the recognised
form of the preposition in rural
dialect, as for [for-] is in town
dialect.
Furtherly [fuodh-uli], adj. for-
ward, or in good season. Wh.
OL; Mid.
Fustilugs [fuos'tiluogz], an ill-
natured looking person. Wh.
GL; gen.
Fusty [fuos'ti], adj. stuffy; gen.
to the county.
Fuzziker [fuoz'ikur], a donkey
gets this name ; Mid.
Gaang [gaangg-] ; or Gan [gaan'],
used not only of a path, but also
to denote the course, or direction,
of a path. 'I's bown another
gan to-morn' [Aaz m buo'n un-
uod*'u gaan' tu muo'h'n], I am
going another way to-morrow;
gen.
Gaby [ge-h'bi, grh'bi] ; or Gawby
[gao'h'bi], a dunce, or clownish
person. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Silly is
often prefixed.
Gad [gaad'], a wooden rod, or
handle ; Mid. A story is told of
a certain supposed witch, who
stopped a lad's ploughing-team,
in the middle of a field. But
the lad was amply prepared,
having a whipstock of wicken-
tree. With this, he touched his
horses, in turn, and broke the
spell, whereupon the old lady
gave way to an angry rhythm-
ical exclamation :
'Damn the lad, wi' the roan-tree
gad!'
and disappeared. The moun-
tain-ash gets the various names
of wicken- [wik'un-], rowan-
[raowun-], rown- [raown'-],and
roan-tree [r:uo'h'n-t'ree]. Ban-
tree [raan'-t'ri] is another form,
the common one of Nidderdale.
Gadling [gaad-lin], a gadder;
Mid.
Gadly [gaad-li], adj. of a gadding
turn ; Mid. ' Hold thy noise
with thee. Thou's as gadly as
any of the rest. An old knife
would not go between you'
[Aolr'd dhi nao'yz wi dhu.
Dhooz- uz' gaad-li uz' on'i u t
rist. Tin' ao'h'd naa'f waad'u'nt
gaan' utwih''n yu],
Gae [ge'h', gelr', gaav, gae'], pret.
of give. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Gah.
[gaa-] is considered the vulgar
form, and is in readier use. The
first two forms are restricted in
use to where a following word
begins with a consonant. Be-
fore a vowel gave becomes gav
[gaav], and [gae'].
Gain [ge-h'n], adj. near. Gainer
[ge-h'nur], nearer. Gainer-
hand [ge'h'nur-aand'], nearer
to hand, or shorter. Gainest
[gi'h'nist], nearest. Gainly
[ge'h'nli], easily accessible ; con-
veniently near. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
' Take over that close : thou '11
find it as gain again' [Taak-
aow'h'r dhaat' tluo'h's : dhool'
fin' it' uz' "ge'h'n ugrh'n], Cross
that field: you'll find it (the
way) as near (or short) again ;
*. e. a shorter distance by one
half.
Gallac -handed [gaal-uk-aan-did],
adj. left-handed. Wh. OL ; Mid.
Gallo'ses [gaal-usiz], sb. pi.
braces. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also,
common in the singular [gaal'us].
Galore [guluovh'r], in plenty, or
abundance. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Gamashes [gaanrushiz], sb. pi.
leggings worn by daytal-women
in the fields, during inclement
48
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
weather; gen. Men's leggings are
called ' spatter- dashes ' [spaat''-
urdaashiz], and ' splatterdashes'
[splaat 'ur daashiz] .
Gam'ish. [gaanvish] ; or Gam'some
[gaam'sum] ; or Gain'y [gaanri] ;
or Gam'lesome [gaanru'lsum],
adj. frolicsome, or sportive. The
two first forms, given in the Wh.
GL, are general. The four are
heard in Mid- Yorkshire.
Gammer [gaanrur], v. n. to idle,
or trifle. Wh. GL ; Mid. 'What
is thou (are you) gammer ing
away thy (your) time there for ? '
[Waats* tu gaanrurin* uwe'h'
dhi taa-m dhi'h' fur- ?]
Gammerstags [gaam'uetaagzlnsu-
ally applied to a female of idle,
loose habits. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Gan'by [gaarrbaay, (and) baa-], a
slip-stile ; gen. Also figurative-
ly, ' I gave him the gan'by ' [Aa'
gaav im* t gaan'baay], gave
him the goby, or slip. Wh. GL ;
gen
Gang [gaangg-], a division of a
mine ; Nidd. Lead-mines are
principally worked upward, from
the base of a hill, so that there
are a continuous succession of
galleries, or gangs.
Gang [gaangg'] ; or Gan [gaan 1 ],
v. n. go. Ganner [gaan'ur] ; or
Ganger [gaangg'ur], sb. goer.
Ganning [gaanln]; or Gang-
ing [gaangg -in], pp. going.
Gangingson [gaang'inz-:ao'n]
(or, with the [g] elided), goings-
on^ proceedings. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ganggate [gaangg'-ge'h't (or)
gih-'t], an open way.
Gang [gaangg-], a path ; also, a
narrow way of any kind. Often
used with a descriptive prefix,
as By gang [baa'gaang], Cross-
gang [kruos'gaang], Downgang
[doon-gaang], Outgang [oot'-
gaang], Upgang [uop-gaang]
in Wh. Gl. ; gen. So Tow-gang-
[taow - gaang] for a towing-
path, Ings-gang [in gz- -gaang],
the field-path by a river, and
Ower-gang [aowh-'r- gaang],
for the way over a hill. Also
affixed to Words, as in Gang-
board [gaang'-b:uoh'd], for a
way-plank.
Gang aga'te [gaang- uge'h't (and)
ugi'h't], v. n. go away! gen.
The form most used imperatively,
when a scornful emphasis is as-
sociated with the command.
Gang-drover [gaang --driwvuT] ;
or Gang-man [gaang'-mun],
the chief workman of a gang:
Nidd.
G anger il [gaang-uril], a con-
temptuous term applied to any
person who may be bid to go.
Also, to a sorry animal, as an
ill - tempered old horse ; Mid.
The Wh. Gl. has 'a pedlar, a
beggar, a toad.'
Gangery [gaang'uri], tawdry ap-
parel, finery; Mid.
Gantree [gaairt'ri], a framework
of beam-like pieces of wood,
haying square legs, and used for
laying beer-barrels on. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Gap [gaap-] ; or Gapstead [gaap'-
sti'h'd], any kind of opening;
gen. A gateway is often called
a gapstead.
Gar [gaa*r], v. a. to cause, or
make. Wh. Gl.; Mid. Not much
used.
Garb [gaa'b], v. a. to bedizen, in
Wh. Gl, but in Mid- Yorkshire
not usually employed in the
burlesque sense by which the
word is ordinarily identified. To
array one's self too fashionably,
would call forth the term ; or to
pay a trifling over- attention to
dress, becomingly, but not con-
sidered necessary for an occasion.
4 Thou need not garb thyself out
so much ; it's only a market-day '
[Dhoo nilr'du'nt gaa'b dhisen'
oot* su mich* ; itz* naob'ut u
meh-'kit-di'h']. -[Geh-'b, (and,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
49
less frequently) gre'h'b], are com-
mon pronunciations, too.
Garber [gaa'bur], v, a. and v. n.
to gather, or rake together
greedily; Mid. 'He's got his
brass (money) garbered, and knows
no good of it' [Eez - git'u'n iz-
braas' gaa'bud, mr nao'h'z n:e'h'
gi'h'd ont-]. In a one-handed
scramble for, say, broken pieces
of tobacco-pipe stem.) which are
in favour for the various orna-
mental uses they can be put to
when strung together, bead-like,
one juvenile will check another's
eagerness by calling out, that he
is ' garbering with both hands'
[gaa'burin wi be'h'th aanz'].
Garfits [gaa-fits], sb. pi. the eat-
able appurtenances of a fowl.
The Wh. Gl. includes those of
geese in the term. These, in
Mid-Yorks., are more commonly
called giblets [jib-lite]. Gib-
let-pie [jib'lit-paa 1 ].
Garn [gaa'n], sb. and adj. yarn;
gen. Also [ge'h'n].
Garth [ge-h'th]. This term, ex-
ampled in the Wh. Gl., is, in
Mid-Yorks,, and the rural north
generally* applied to an open
enclosure of any kind, per-
taining to a homestead, or other
building. Kirk -garth, [kurk'-
ge-h'th-], Hall-garth [ao'hT-
ge'h'th], Barn-garth, [baa-n-
ge-h'th], Field-garth [fflrld--
ge'h'th] ; gen.
Garver [gaa'vur], v. n. and sb. to
ply the tongue unfairly, in a
privy manner. ' Sike garvering
deed* [Sa'yk gaa-vu'rin dee'd],
such underneath work.
Gate [ge'h't, g:rh't], way, literally
and figuratively. TFA. GL ; gen.
Old people employ the last form.
Gate [gilr't, gelr't], a portion of
common pasture land, enough to
provide for one cow ; gen. ' Cow-
gates ' [koo'gilr'ts] are allotted
to the poor of a ' township ' for a
small yearly rent. Not always,
but generally, on the part of old
landed proprietors.
Gateage [ge-h'tij, grh'tij], pas-
turage. Also, the rental of
pasturage. Wh. GL ; gen.
Gaufer [gaolr'fur], a description
of tea-cake (the varieties are a
pleasant feature of a country-
house table) made of very light
paste, with an abundance of cur-
rants added. The ' pricking-
fork' is freely used upon it;
gen. [Of. F. gaufre^ a wafer,
which word often meant a cake,
in old English. W. W. S.]
Gauge [ge-h'j], v. a. gauge ; gen.
But mostly used in a conversa-
tional way, with the meaning of,
to measure the appetite in re-
spect to proportion. A husband
will, with an ungenerous hu-
mour, say at the dinner-table,
' Thou 's gauged us to- a hair's-
brea-dth with thy pudding to-day,
dame' [Dhooz* ge'h'jd uz* tiv* u
:e'h'z-brrh'dh wi dhi puodin til
dii'h', drh'm].
Gaum [gao-h'm, gruo'h'm]. This,
exampled in the Wh. GL as an
active verb, to understand, is in
general use in this sense, and in
Mid- Yorkshire is also employed
in a neuter sense, and as a sub"
stantive. 'Thou's no gaum in
thee' [Dhooz* ne'h' gao'h'm i
dhu]. As a verb, it also carries
the meaning of, to comprehend ;
as, also, to listen attentively. ' Is
thee gauming, now ? ' ' Aye, I 've
been gauming all the time ' [Iz*
tu gao-h'min, noo? Aey, A a*
bin- gao'h'min yaal* t taa'm].
Gaumish [gao-h'mish], know-
ing ; of a clever understanding
(Wh, GL; gen.).
Gaup [gao-h'p,g:uo'h'p] ; orGauve
[gao'h'v], v. n. These words,
with one meaning in the Wh.
Gl., have some distinction in
Mid-Yorks. and Nidderdale ; the
former word meaning to gape
4
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
only, and the latter to gape and
stare together. To stare only is,
as at Whitby, to gloor [gl:uoh''r
(and) gluo-h'r]. Gauving- (Wh.
GL}, staring, with a clown-like
expression. Also, as vbs. act.
occasionally.
Gauvey [gao'h'vi] ; or Ganvison
[gao'h'visun], a dunce, or simple-
ton. Wh. GL; gen.
Gawk [gaolr'k] ; or Gowk
[gaowk'j, cuckoo ; gen. The
length of time during which it
is heard is also designated by the
same terms.
d [gao'h'kaand'l, the
I. Wh. 01.', gen. Cf.
Gawk-hand
left hand.
P. gauche. See GallacOianded.
Gay [ge'h'J, adj. a term affirming
a satisfactory condition, and cor-
responding to ' brave' in colloquial
usage ; as, gay in health, in the
state of the weather, in size, or
in number. Oayish, fairish.
Gayly, adv. Wh. GL ; gen.
Geap [gilr'p], v. n. to cry out
loudly, or bawl ; to gape (and
substantively}. Wh. GL ; gen.
In the first sense, there is, too,
a substantive use of the word,
when the noise made is a single,
and not a continuous cry.
Gear [grh'r], possessions, or be-
longings of any kind, as house-
hold goods, property, riches, or
personal apparel. For any kind
of harness, the plural [grh'z] is
also used. Wh. GL ; gen.
Geavelock [grh'vluk], a crowbar ;
Wh. GL; gen.
Geavle [grhWl], gable ; Mid.
Geed [geed-, gilr'd], pret. went ;
Wh. GL ; Mid. The last is the
most frequent pronunciation.
Geen [gee-n] ; or Gin [gin-], pp.
and adj . given. Also used idiom-
. atically, as in the phrase 'gin,'
or, ' geen again' [gin', (or) gee'n
ug:i'h'n], relented, or turned to
an original condition, after any
manner, said of persons, or
things. Wh. GL; gen. The
verb is also freely used with this
meaning.
Gelt [gelt-], gain; Mid. 'I
sniled a bird yesterday, as big
as a nanpie, and, while I was
doing it, I sluthered with one
fond foot, and over went my
egg - basket ; so there wern't
much gelt out of that' [Aa*
snaa-ld u baod yuos't'udu, uz
big' uz* u naaii'paa", un' waa'l
Aa waar' di'h'u'nt :Aa- sluodh'ud
wi yaan' f:ao'nd fih''t, un' aowh'
wint' maa ig' baas'kit ; se'h*
dhu waa-nt mich' gelt' oot* u
dhaat'], I snared a bird yester-
day, and, while I was doing it, I
slipped [the dialect verb implies
a sliding movement] with one
fool of a foot, .&c.
Gender [jen'd'ur, jirrd'tir], v. n.,
v. a., and sb., to shake noisily, as
loose window-frames, to the rum-
ble of a vehicle ; gen.
Gentle [jin-tnl], adj. well-born ;
Mid. High [:e'y] is also used,
and more commonly. 'I care
not whether he's high or low'
[Aa' keh''ru'nt wid''ur eez' :e'y
ur lao'h'j. Gentle and Simple
[jin'tu'l un* sirrrpu'l], the phrase
quoted in the Wh. GL, is also
constantly used. Old people em-
ploy, too, both [e] and [ih*'] for
the [i] in the last word.
Geometries [jaoh-'nmtriz], said
of anything in rags or tatters.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Gep [gep-], v. n. gape. Wh. GL ;
gen. ' Thou 's (thou art) like a
gorpin : thou 's always geppin '.
[Dhooz'laa'ku gao'h'pin: dhuoz'
yaal'us gep'in].
Gess [ges-] ; or Giss [gis-] ; or
Gers [gu's] ; or Gress [gres 1 ],
grass. Gess and Gers, with
Gress, as an occasional form,
are general. Giss is a Mid-
York, form,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
51
Get [git-], breed ; offspring ;
species ; kind. Wh. GL ; gen.
The verb has also this pronuncia-
tion.
Gether [ged-'ur, gid-'ur], v. a. the
pronunciation of gather ; gen.
Gettings [git'inz], gifts j Mid. A
poor person will make a daily
journey to a dwelling for her
gettings, which may assume any
form, such as broken Victuals, a
dole, of milk, or a pittance in
money.
GewgOW [giwgaow], a Jew's-
harp; gen. Wh. GL In this
glossary, the word has also the
meaning of 'any nick-nack, or
trifle.' In Mid-Yorks. there is
an altered pronunciation for
this last meaning, [g:i'h' g:ao-h],
which is indeed merely the pro-
nunciation of gewgaw. The first
pronunciation is peculiar* and
further noticeable, because the
sound made by the instrument
described is almost reproduced
in the word. The word is also
used figuratively, of a simpleton.
Gib [gib*], a hook, either natural
to the end of a stick, or made for
the end of one. Not necessarily
a wooden hook, as at Whitby.
A boat-hook would be described
as ' a long pole, with a gib at the
end' [u laang- paowl, wi u gib*
ut' t ind-] ; gen.
Gif [gif ], conj. if. A casual form,
mostly heard in Nidderdale.
Gift [gift'], a white speck on the
finger-nail^ superstitiously looked
on as forerunning a gift of some
kind.
' A gift o' my finger,
Is sure to linger ;
But a gift on my thumb,
Is sure to come.'
[U g;iit- u mi fingg'ur,
Iz' si'h'r tu lingg'ur ;
Bud* u gift' u mi thuo'm,
La* si'h'r tu kuo'm].
Gig [gig'], a state of flurry ; Mid.
' He 's on the gig to be off ' [Eez*
ut' gig- tu bi :ao-f]. ' In a gig to
go' [I u gig- tu gaan-], in a
state of flurry to go. [Of. the
phrase ' all agog ' (John Gilpin).
W. W. S.]
Giglet [gig-lit] ; or Giglot [gig--
lut], a laughing, thoughtless
female. The last term is general;
the first (Wh. 07.) is also a Mid-
Yorkshire one.
Gildert [gil-dut], a horse-hair
noose, fixed on the ground, for
catching birds. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Gill [gil*], a woody glen. Wh.
GL; gen.
Gillet [gil-it] or Gilt [gilt-] ; or
Gelt [gelt-] ; or Golt [gaolt'], a
young sow. With the exception
of the last one, heard in Nidder-
dale, these forms are general.
Gimlet-eye [gimlit-ee-], a free
term for a squinting eye. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Gimmer [ginvur], a young ewe,
or sow. The word may be used
alone (the object being under-
stood), or as a qualifying term,
as in the Wh. GL examples, * A
gimmer lamb ' [U ginrur laanr],
' A gimmer hog ' [U ginrur og"] ;
gen.
Gin [gin*], conj. though. WJi.
GL ; Mid.
Gin [gin-] ; or Gif [gif-] ; or Gift
[gift'], conj. if. The first is the
usual Mid-Yorks. form ; the two
last are most heard in Nidder^
dale.
Gird [gurd*], a task of strength ;
a bout; Mid. A poorly person
will say, in humorous reference
to his wsak condition : ' I 's (I 'm)
middling at meal- times, but I 've
hardish girds between ' [Aa*z
mid-lin ut' nirh'l-taa'mz, bud'
:Aav aa'dish gurdz' utwee'n].
Girder [gaordu], a cooper. Gird,
v. a. and sb. to hoop. Mid.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Gise [ja'ys-], v. n. and v. a. to
pasture; gen. Gistur [jis'-
tu], a cow in pasturage. ' He's
some oxen giaing in Twenty-
lands ' (name of a field), [Eez-
suom' ooz'un ja'ys "in i Twilr'n'ti-
laanz'].
Gitten [git-u'n] ; or Getten [get--
u'n], pp. got ; gen. These forms
are almost in equal use, the first
being the most characteristic.
Neither form is heard in town
dialect, the pp. general to these
phases being [got*u'nj.
Gizard [giz-ud], a person ridicul-
ously dressed, disguised, or in
masked character. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Gizzen [giz'un], v. n. and sb. to
grin audibly; gen.
Glazzen [dlaazm'n], v. a. to glaze,
or furnish with window-glass.
Glazzener [dlaaz-nu], glazier.
Wh, GL ; gen. Also, commonly,
as a neuter verb.
Glead [dlrh'dl ; or Gled [died-] ;
or Glid [dhd-], the kite. The
two first forms (Wh. 01.} are
general ; the last a Mid-Yorks.
Glee [dice*], v. n. and sb. to
squint; Mid.
Gleg [dleg'J, v. a., v. n., and sb.
to glance askance, or slily. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Glib [dlib-] ; or Glibby [dlib-i],
adj. slippery; Mid.
Glif [dlif'], a sight, or open
view ; gen. The Wh. Gl. has ' a
fright,' but in Mid- Yorkshire,
and elsewhere, the term does not
necessarily imply fear or terror,
unless qualified adjectivally, as
in the Whitby example, * I got
a sore gliff' [Aa' gaat' u se'h'r
dlif-] (Mid.). The participle
glifd [dlifV] is occasionally
heard, too, but not the verb.
Glift [dlift-], a slight look, or
glance. Wh. Gl.; gen. So, too,
in this case the participle (glifted
[dlif'tid]) is in common use, but
not the verb; (Mid.) 'He was
foing across the lane end, and
only just glifted him ' [Ee wur*
gaan'in ukruos- t luo'h'n ind*,
tin' :Aanaob'utjuos' dlif 'tid im'].
Glime [dlaa-m, dleym (ref.)],
v. a., y. n., and sb. to stare, in a
searching manner ; Mid.
Glimpt [dlimt'], glimpse. A com-
mon pronunciation in Mid- York-
shire.
Glink [dlingk-], sb., v. a., and
v. n. a short watchful glance;
Mid. * From glinking he got to
gliming ' [Frae -dling-kin i gaat'
tu 'dlaa'min], got to staring.
See Glime.
Glisk [dlisk-1, vb. impers. glisten.
Wh. Gl ; Mid.
Gloaming [dluo-h'min], the twi-
light. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The verb
gloam is in general use, too, and
is very common in Mid- York-
shire. ' It begins to gloam ' [It'
biginz- tu dluo'h'm]. * I must
be going homewards before it
gloama ' [Aa' mun' bi gaan-in
yaam-udz ufuo'h'rit' dluo-h'mz].
Gloar [dluo-h'r], v. n. and sb. to
stare. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Glor [dlaor], adj. and sb. tremu-
lous. Always used in relation to
some fatty substance. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Of a very fat person, whose
flesh shakes upon her, it will be
said, ' She 's fair glor fat ' [Shooz-
fe'h'r dlaor' faat'], quite loose fat.
Glum [dluonr], adj. and v. n.
sullen ; gloomy. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
'If thou doesn't want it, say
thou does n't : thou need not go
and glum over it ' [Un* tu duoz*-
u'nt waant' it', se'h' dhoo diz'-
u'nt : dhoo nilr'du'nt gaan* un*
dluonv aow'h' t].
G 1 u m p s [dluomps'], sulks.
Glunapy [dluom'pi], adj. sulky.
Wh. Gl.; gen. Also glump
[dluomp'J, v. n. to sulk. * Pray
thee, what's thou glumping at ? '
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
53
[Pridh* u, waats' tu dluom'pin
aaf ?]
Gnar [naa*r], a knot, or natural
knob, as in timber. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Gnarl [naa-1], v. n. to gnaw. Wh.
GL ; gen. Also, in frequent use
actively, and as a substantive.
Gnit [nit-], gnat ; Mid.
Gob [gaob'J, sb. and v. a. mouth-
Exampled as a substantive in the
Wh. GL, but common as a verb,
too, in Mid-Yorks. and Nidder-
dale. ' Watch me gob that up '
[Waach- mee* gaob- dhaat* uop-].
The word can only be here ren-
dered eat by an association with the
ludicrous ' mouth ' [maawdh]
being the equivalent.
Gobble [gaob'u'l], v. n. to talk
in an indolent, coarse, assuming
manner, with great action of the
mouth. Wh. GL; Mid.
Goblet - glass [gob -lit - dlaas], a
large drinking-glass. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Goblock [gob-luk], a large mouth-
ful; Mid.
Gobstring [gaob-st'ring], a bridle,
familiarly. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Gob vent [gaob-vint], utterance,
familiarly. The first vowel is
often substituted by a medial
one; gen.
Godderly [gaod-'urli, guoh-'d'uli],
adj. affable ; Mid.
Godspenny [gaodz-peni], earnest
money, given at the statute-
hirings; Wh. GL ; gen. This
use of the genitive is quite re-
cognized, and is not infrequent,
but the sign is oftener wanting ;
the form being [gaod-peni].
Goloshes [gol-ushiz], sb. pi. low
gaiters for protecting the ankles
and feet ; Wh. GL ; gen. A Mid-
Yorkshireman will also call them
his low [lao'h'] or ankle-gaiters
[aang-ku'l-g:i'h't'uz] .
Golp [golp-] ; or Golper [gol-pu] ;
or Golly [goH], names for a
newly-hatched bird ; Mid. ' A
' bare golly nest' [U be-h'r goH
n:e-st]. ' As bare as a golper y
[Uz- be-h'r uz- u gol'pu]. The
vowel [ao] is sometimes heard,
but is not the usual form.
Goodlike [g:rh'dlaa-k, leyk (re-
fined)], adj. good-looking. Wh.
GL; gen.
Good sale [gih-'d se-h'l] ! usually
an interjection, but may be em-
ployed substantively. An old form
of leave-taking. The Wh. GL
notes the form as obsolete, but
in Mid- Yorkshire it is still com-
mon enough over the threshold,
and also over t' aud yat [t'ao-h'd
yaat-], as the 'housegarth'-gate
is called, when neighbours go
by, bound to market, or fair,
with their produce, or cattle.
[The form is sometimes, as is in-
dicated above, associated (by a
natural mistake) with wishing a
seller success. It means, how-
ever, 'good luck to you.' See
Seel in Glos. B. 16 (E. D. S.). It
is merely A.S. s&l, which means
(1) season, time, (2) luck, pros-
perity, &c., &c. The connection
with sale in the selling sense
was easily made, though it had
none whatever. In Essex, hay-
sele means the hay-season. It is
very common. W. W. S.]
Gorpin [gaoh-'pin] ; or Gorp
[g:ao-h'p] ; or Gorfln [gaolr'fin],
names for a newly-hatched bird ;
gen.
Gotten [got-u'n], pp. begotten;
gen.
Goul [gaowl, g:uo - h'l], v. impers.
and sb. said of the wind, when it
comes in noisy gusts. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Gowk [gaowk'] ; or Goak [guoh-'k].
A stack which has been cut round
to a little remainder, has been
4 cutten to t' goak.' So the core
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
part of an apple or pear is its
gowk ; but, applied to this fruit,
there are variations, and g is
changed quite usually for c, too.
There are these forms, general,
like the above. Gowk [gaowk',
gaowk] ; or Goak [guolr'k,
g:uo*h'k] ; or Gaohk [gaolr'k,
o'h'k, gao'k (refined)] ; or Geak
:i'h'k], each changing the initial
;ter for c [k], which is as fre-
quently heard,
Gowk [gaowk-] ; or Gawk
[gaolr'k] ; or Gawky [gaoh-'ki];
or Gawkhead [gaoh-'k:rh'd (and)
y:rh'd], applied to a person of
' foolish, awkward behaviour. The
three first forms (Wh. Gl.} are
general ; the last one Mid.
Gowland [gaowlund, g:ao'h'lund,
(and, in each case,) lun], mari-
gold. Wh. GL ; gen.
Gowpen [gaowpin, g:ao'h'pin], a
handful. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Goy! [g:ao-y, gao-y,] a petty
oath ; Upper Nidd.
Gradely [gre-h'dli], adj. and adv.
upright; decent; orderly; gen.
Graft [graaft'], a hole, or spade-
cutting ; as the patch of ground
left bare where turf has been
dug, or where the excavation for
a house has been made ; Nidd.
Graith [gre-h'dh] ; or Graithing
[gre-h'dhin], material belongings
of any description. ' Tea,-graith-
ing [Ti-h'-gr:e-h'dhin]. Graithed
[gre-h'dhd], equipped, or fur-
nished, after any manner. Wh.
Gl. ; Mid.
Grass-chat [graas'-chaat], a small
field-bird; gen.
Grave [gre-h'v] ; or Greave
[gri'h'v], v. n. and v. a. to dig,
with a spade; gen. Wh. Gl. ;
' Is thou boun (going) to pick ? '
to use the mattock. * Nay, I
shall greave a bit ' [Iz' tu boo'n
tu 'piir ? Nae', Aayz 'gr:i'h'v u
bit']. The last form is the com-
monest.
Greasehorn [grrh'srao'h'n], a flat-
terer. Wh. GL ; gen. Also
grease [grrh'z], v. a. to flatter.
Great foul [gri-h't foo'l], adj. ap-
plied to any object of great, awk-
ward size. Wh. Gl. ; gen. In
very emphatic language, the
pronunciation would be ['gut'-
fiaa'wl].
Great likely [grilr't laa-kli], adv.
very likely. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also
Very likelins [vaar-ulaa'klinz],
with the same import.
Greave [gri'h'v], v. n. and v. a.
to dig; gen. 'I am going to
greave potatoes' [Aa'z boon* tu
gri'h'v te'h'tiz].
Greed [gree-d, grih-'d], a greedy
person. Also greediness. Wh.
Gl. The first signification is a
Mid-Yorks. one; the last is
general.
Green [green*], evergreen, for
which word greeii receives no
addition in the plural. Also, a
leafy twig, or small bough, of
any kind ; gen.
Greet [gree't], v. n. to weep.
Wh. Gl. ; gen., with this pro-
nunciation. In Mid- York., the
pronunciation is very frequently
[grit']. The past is subject to a
vowel - change, too, the forms
being [grit'u'n] and [gruot'u'n].
' When thou 's grutten thy een
(eyes) out, thou '11 maybe give
over,' you will perhaps give up
[Wen- dhuoz- gruot'u'n dhi -ee'n
oot', dhuol' meb' i gi aow'h'r].
Grime [graa'm], sb. and v. a.
soot. To blacken. Also used
figuratively. Grimy [graa'mi],
adj. blackened, as with soot,
coal, or charred wood. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Griming [graa'minl a sprinkling
of any light flaky substance.
Wh. Gl; gen. The word is
rarely used of anything but snow.
It is a Leeds form, too.
Grip [grip'], a cross-furrow, or
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
55
spade - cutting, traversing the
* lands ' (see] of a field ; gen. Its
use, is to receive the waters of the
ordinary furrows, for conveyance
to the ditch.
Grip [grip'], v. a. and s"b. to
grasp, or clutch. Wh. GL ; gen.
Gripe [graa-p, greyp (ref.)], a
dung-fork. Wh. GL ; gen.
Grip-ho'd [grip-od-], any pro-
minent part of an object afford-
ing a convenience, or intended, for
grasping. Wh. GL ; gen. When
sacks of grain, or flour, are sewn
at the mouth, lugs [iuogz*], or
ears, are fashioned at each end,
for affording grip-hod.
Groats [gr-uo-h'ts], sb. pi. oats;
gen. No other kind of grain is as-
sociated with so many pronuncia-
tions. In addition to the above
are these : [gr:e - h'ts], [grilr'ts]
[grots'], [graots'], [gruots']
:e'h'ti], [ih*'ts], [luo'h'ts"
jao'h'ts] ; [yaats'], [y:e'h'ts
"yilr'ts], [yots*] ; [waats'
V:e-h'ts], [wots 1 ], [waots^
"waolr'ts] (and medial), [wuots'~
Vuoh-'ts] (and medial); [aav'uz"
jaavuzj. The first and last
brms are occasional; the form
with initial w being most cha-
racteristic, and, joined to this
letter, h is often clearly heard, as
in [whots*].
Grob [grob*], applied in derision,
playfully, or otherwise, to a di-
minutive person. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Grob [grob*], v. n. to grope, to feel
for with the hand, where the sit-
uation is one impeding or confin-
ing search. Wh. GL ; gen. Also
grob, exampled as a ppr. in the
Wh. GL, 'wandering or trifling
from place to place.' In this
sense, the verb with its participle
carries the same implication of
impediment. A person goes
grabbing about in unfrequented
places, or where he or she has
no business ; or, one will be
grabbing about a large garden,
in nooks and behind trees, seen
one moment and lost the next.
In common use, too, actively.
Grobble [grob'u'l], v. n. to work
the finger, or any pointed in-
strument, in a manner that will
make a hole, or enlarge one.
Wh. GL ; gen. ' That child has
grabbled a hole in that pinafore '
[Dhaat' be'h'nz grob'u'ld u uo'h'l
i dhaat* slip']. * He 's been having
the poker, and he's grabbled a
hole in the ash-nook ' (the place
underneath the fire-grate), [Eez*
bin' evin t puo'lr'kur, un* iz'
grob'u'ld u uo-h'l it aas'-n:i'h'k.]
Also, as an active verb, with great
frequency.
Gross [gros'], adj. commonly em-
ployed for stout, and fat; gen.
* A grossy body ' [U gros'i baod'i],
a stout person.
Grou [graow], adj. grim ; por-
tentously dull in appearance.
Wh. GL ; gen. Also grousome
[graowsum], adj., but less used.
Grout [graowt'J, sediment of a
coarse nature, such as the par-
ticles left in a tea-cup ; gen.
Grub [graolr], a grubbing-spade ;
Mid. 'A dock-grub' [U dok-
gruob]. Docks, and dockens,
are weeds.
Gruff [gruof], v. n. to snore, in a
short, noisy manner ; to grunt.
Wh. GL; Mid. Also, substantively.
Grundage [gruon-dij], ground
rent. Wh. ' GL ; gen. In Mid-
Yorks., the term is also used in
t^e sense of a sufficiency of
ground. A small ' house-garth *
will be complained of as afford-
ing ' no grundage ' for anything,
' stick, stack, nor nought ' [stik',
staak*, nur' n:ao'wt].
Grunstone [gmon-stun] ; or
Grunlestone [gruon'u'lstun], a
grindstone. Wh. GL ; gen.
Gruntle [gruoirtu'1], v. n. and sb. ;
exampled as a verb only in the
Wh. GL A weak complaining
56
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
grunt, or, as in the case of an
ailing cow, a kind of whistling
groan. A sow habitually grunts,
but its litter are at most times
disposed to gruntle. So, peevish
children are said to gruntle;
but the word loses character
when thus transferred.
Guilevat [gaaivut] ; or Guilefat
[gaa-lfut], the tub used for
liquor in ferment. Also used in
respect of the tub and contents
together. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
pronunciations are quite as often
[gaayl'vaat] and [gaayl'fut],
Guise [gaa'z], v. n. to masquerade.
Gulls [guolz'J, otherwise oatmeal
'hasty -pudding;' Nidd. The
latter, pronounced [:i'h'sti (or)
y:i'h'sti-puod'in], is general to
Mid-York, and the south. The
boiling process is literally a hasty
one, as, if left for a moment, the
preparation spoils. Hence, per-
haps, the name.
Gunnel [guonil], a walled narrow
way; Nidd.
Gurn [gur'n, gu'n, gun', gaon-] ;
or Gen [gen 4 ] ; or Gean [g:rh'n],
y. n. and sb. to grin. Also, used
in respect of the half crying tone
in which children complain. 'If
thee doesn't give over gurning, I'll
fell thee, as flat as a pancake ! '
[If* tu diz-u'nt gi aowh'r gur'nin
Aai -fel* dhu, uz' flaat' uz- u
paan'k:e'h'k!] Such sentences are
not quite so fierce as they look.
The first is a general term ; and
all are common to Mid-Yorks.
Hack [aak', yaak'], a kind of
pickaxe, or mattock, without the
blade end. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Hackle [aak-u'l], v. n. to fit well
to accord with any position ; gen.
A garment hackles well to a
person's back ; and a new servant
to the duties of an old one.
'She hackles well to her work,
however ' [Shoo aak'u'lz weel
tiv u waa'k, oo-iv'u].
Hackle [aak-u'l], v. a. to dress
the ground ; to harrow it. Wh.
Gl. ; Mid.
Haddock [aad-uk], -a pile of
sheaves, commonly twelve in
~ number; gen.
Haffle [aaf'u'l, yaaf'u'l], v. n. to
hesitate in speaking; to speak
confusedly, and with indecision.
Wh. Gl.; gen,
Hag [aag-1, mist, or haze. Wh.
01.; gen.
Hag [aag'J, a rock, or abrupt
cliffy prominence. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid.
Hag [aag*], a coppice ; any lo-
cality growing stout underwood.
Hag [aag'J, v. a. to become jaded
or toil-worn in appearance ; to
toil; Mid. 'I was sore flagged
with going ' [Aa* wur* se*h'r
aagd; wi gaang'ing]; [Aag'in-
aat* it'], toiling at it.
Hag -clog [aag'-tlog], a chop-
ping-block. Wh. GL; Mid.
Hag, v. a. and v. n. to chip, or
hack, is general.
Haggle [aag-u'l], v. n. to chaffer,
or banter. Also, verb impers.,
to hail. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Haggle-
stone [aag'u'lsti'h'n], a hailstone.
(Also [aag'sti'h'n] or [ste - h'n],
as younger speakers say) ; Mid.
Hag-worm [aag-waom], applied
to all kinds of snakes, which are
rarely found out of woods. See
the second substantive form Hag.
Hair-breed [y:e'h'r-bree-d, (and)
brih-'d], hair's -breadth. Wh.
GL; gen.
Ha'ke [eh-'k], sb. and v. n. the
pronunciation of hawk. Also the
pronunciation of hawk, a bird ;
Mid.
Hake [e-h'k, ye-h'k], v. n. to
lounge about, with idle curiosity.
Also, a grasping, covetous person.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Hal [aal*], Henry, or Harry gen.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
57
Hale [:e-h'l, y:e-h'l], the handle of
a plough ; Mid.
Hale [yeh-'l], v. a. to pour, in
large quantity; to bale. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Hallikin [aalikin] ; or Hal [aal-],
a foolish person ; gen.
Hammer [yaanru'r], v. n. to
stammer, as one hampered for
words. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Hammerblater [aam-u-ble'h'-
t'u], the snipe; gen.
Hamper [aanrpu], v. a. to burden.
Also, to infest. Wh. GL The
first sense is general ; the last
obtains in Mid-Yorks.
Hamsam [aam *saam ] , adv. To lay
anything hamsam, is to heap to-
gether ; gen.
Hanch [aanslr], v. n. snatch;
Mid. 'What are ye handling
and clicking at, there ? ' [Waat-
u yi aan-shin un' -tlik'in aat-
dhi'h'r?]. 'If thou handles in
that way, I 'U ! '-[Un- dhoo
aan'shiz i "dhaat* gih''t, :Aa'l! ]
Handclout [aan-tloot], a towel.
Wh. Gl; gen.
Handy - dandy [aan-didaan-di],
adj. on the alert; gen. 'He's
handy -dandy with him' [Eez f
aan-didaan-di wi inr], said of
one who is a match for another
in sharpness.
Hang-lit-on 't [aang-lit-ont-] ! in-
ter)', a wordy imprecation. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Hang-mad [aang'-maad], sb. and
adj. See Hey- go-mad.
Hangtrace [aang-t'r:rh's], a bad
character; a candidate for the
gallows ; Mid. Only old people
use this word, and it will be
quoted by the younger in some
such phrase as, 'Aye, he's a
hangtrace, as aud Betty says by
such like' [Aay, eez' u aang'-
t'rrh's, uz- ao'h'd Bet'i sez- biv*
s:aa'k laa'k], or [seyk* la'yk],
refined, but usual.
Hank [aangk'J, a loop of any de-
scription. Also, two or more
skeins of cotton, silk, worsted,
or thread of any kind. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Hank, v. a. to loop, ia
also in general use. ' Now then,
catch hold, and hank it ' [Noo*
dhur, kaach' ao'h'd, un' aangkit'].
Hanker [aang'ku], an open clasp,
or buckle ; Mid.
Hankie [aang-ku'l], v. a. to en-
tice, or instigate. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Also, to entangle, as hankled
worsted [aang'ku'ld wuos'it] ;
' hanUed among the briars '
[aang'kuld umaang- 1 bree'h'z] ;
gen.
Hantle [aan'tu'l], an abundance.
Wh. Gl.; gen.
Hap [aap-], v. a. to wrap. Hap-
ping [aap'in], wrapping. Bed-
happing [bed'aapin], bed-wraps.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also, substan-
tively: ' It has not hap enough '
. [It- ez- u'nt aap- un:rh'f], has
not clothes enough. ' They may
manage for a bit of scran (food),
but they've scarcely a rag of
hap' [Dhu mu maan-ish fur- u
bit* u "skraan*, bud' dhuv*
aa-dlinz u -tloot* u -aap-].
Hapment [aap -nient], event; Mid.
Happen [aap-u'n] (Wh. Gl.) ; or
Happens [aap'u'nz], adv. per-
haps ; gen. ' Will you go, then ? *
' I happens shall ' [Wi tu gaan",
dhin- ? Aa -aap-u'nz saal']. The
well-known phrase ' happy-go-
lucky' has more of a meaning
to northern than southern ears.
Harden -faced [aa-du'nfe-h'st,
(and) f:i-h'st], adj. gloomy and
hard-looking, as applied to the
sky, in unsettled weather (Wh.
GL). Other connected terms are
in use in Nidderdale and Mid-
Yorkshire, generally. The ad-
jective is often bestowed upon a
hard - hearted person : ' Thoo
harden' -faced brute ! thou's no
pity in thee ! ' [Dhoo- 'aa-du'n-
58
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
f:iii'st briwt' ! dhooz- ne'h' pit'i
i dim!] Harden' -face, sb. also,
for a brazen-faced person. Hard-
en'd, adj. is very common in op-
probrium, though, it does not fol-
low that there is much meaning
at all times either in this word or
its related noun. 'Thou hard-
eri'd thief ! ' [Dhoo aa'du'nd
theef ! (and) th:rh'f]. A mother
will exclaim, on observing a
toddling child dipping its fingers
in a cream-bowl, ' He 's hardened
to the haft' (see Heft) [Eez*
aa-du'nd tu t' 'eft'], hardened
thoroughly, to the bone.
Harding [aa-din], sb. and adj.
hempen ; gen. to the county. A
* Harding brat ' [aa'din braat'],
hempen pinafore ; or, a long outer
garment of the kind, with or
without sleeves, and only seen
in town districts. [Lit., made
of hards, i. e. coarse flax.
W. W. S.]
Hardlys [aa'dliz], adv. hardly;
Mid. ' 1 was that tired I could
hardlys step a foot, nor get one
leg before the other ' [Aa- wur
dhaat'taayh'd Aa- kuod' aa-dliz
stip- u f:i'h't, nur- git' te'h' lig-
ufuoh' tidh'ur]. Tired would
also be pronounced [taa*d], and
[taeyh'd] (ref.).
Hardset [aa-dset-], adv. hard put
to it. Hardset with a family;
hardset to stand ; hardset with
work. Wh. GL; gen. Hard-
setten [aa'dset'u'n], also, with
the same meaning in Mid. Is
also in use both as an adjective
and active verb. 'They are a
poor hardset lot' [Dhur u puo'h'r
aa-dset- lot*]. ' Take him to the
field with thee, and don't hardset
him, now ' [Taak* inr tut* filr'ld
wi dhu, un din-ut aa'dset- inr,
noo]. There is a change of
vowel frequently, from [e] to [i]
short, and from [aa-] to [:e'h'].
Harn [aa-n], coarse linen. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. See Harding'.
Harr [aa-r], mist. Wh. GL; Mid.
Harrigoad [aariguo'h'd], sb. and
v. n. a runabout, negligent per-
son ; Mid. Frequently used to-
wards grown children. ' Where 's
thou been harrigoading while
(till) now?' [Wi-h'z dhoo bin'
aariguo'h'din waal' noo- ?] \_Har-
ri- reminds one of the verb to
harry; and goad may be com-
pared with yawd, a jade, a
worthless fellow. See yawd in
Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.
W. W. S.]
Hask [aask-], adj. over-dry. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. In Mid-Yorkshire,
the throat is said to be hasked
when parched.
Haunt [ao-h'nt], a habit. Also,
to accustom. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Hause [ao-h'z], the throat. Wh.
GL ; Mid. '
Hauvey-gauvey [ao -h' vigao -h' vi] ;
or Hauvison [ao-h'visun], an
unmannered person; a clown.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Each word of
the compound is also used separ-
ately, with a similar meaning,
the last term being the more
significant.
Hauving [ao-h'vin] ; or Oafing
[no 'h' fin], part. pres. and adj.
These are Wh. Gl. terms, applied
to a clownish, gaping person. In
Mid-Yorks. oaf [uo'h'f] is used
for fool; and hauve, with a
cognate meaning, is employed as
a verb neuter. 'What's thou
hauving and gauving at ? '
[Waats* tu ao-h'vin un- gaoh-'v-
in aat' ?], What are you staring
and gaping at? with an implica-
tion of clownish manner. Oaf
is also occasionally employed as
a verb, but is most used par-
ticipially. Hauving is in great-
est use, and is, as a rule, always
selected in emphasis. When this
is not the case, then the / of oaf
is substituted by v.
Havvers [aavuz], sb. pi. oat
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
59
Hawermeal [yaav"umi'h'l], oat-
ineal. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Hawbuck [ao-h'buok], a raw,
clownish person ; gen.
Haze [:e'h'z, yie'h'z], v. a. to scold ;
Mid. Also, gen., to beat.
Hazeling [aaz-u'lin, ez-u'lin], p.
pr. ' a flogging with a pliable
stick or hazel.' Wh. Gl. In our
own localities, any kind of a
stick may be put to use in hazel-
ing the back of an offending
juvenile. Hazel [aaz'u'l, ez'u'l] is
in common use as an active verb.
Headtree [:rh'dt'ree, y :rh'dt'ree'],
a lintel; gen. The last vowel
often becomes [i].
Heak [rh'k, yrh'k], the hip;
gen. [Y:i-h'k-be-h'n], hip-bone.
Healsome [y:rh'lsum] ; or Hale-
some [y:e-h'lsum] ; or Health-
some [yirh'lthsum], adj. health-
ful. The two first pronunciations
belong to Mid-Yorks. ; the last
term is general.
Heap [y:Hi'p], a quarter of a peck
measure. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
term is not unusually applied to
both half-peck and peck mea-
sures, also ; being less specific
in regard to quantity, than de-
scriptive of appearance ; the
measures not being considered
liberal unless heaped to a point.
The illustrative phrase in the
Wh. GL " They gi' short
heeaps " ' [Dhe gi shaot' y:i'h'ps],
for 'bad measures of all sorts/
has an identical meaning.
Hearb [rh'b, yrh'b] ; or Harb
[aa'b, yaa-b], the pronunciations
of herb ; gen.
Heart-eased [:e-h't-, (and) aa-t-
yi-h'zd], pp. eased in mind. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. Heart- ease is com-
mon as a substantive, and is occa-
sionally used as an active verb.
'Go and tell him, now; it'll
maybe heart - ease him a bit '
[Gaan* iur til- inr, noo; it'u'l
meb-i -aa-t-yi'h'z inr u bit']. At
odd times, the noun is in the
poss. case, but the verb never.
Hearten [xrh'tun, (and) aa'tun,
(also, in each case) tu'n], v. a. to
encourage. Heartening-, with
a substantive meaning encour-
agement. Wh. Gl. ; gen. In
Mid- Yorkshire, the verb is used
with respect to almost any ob-
ject, or material. Tea is heart-
ened with something stronger ;
the farmer heartens his land, or
renders it more fertile, by vari-
ous means; a timid horse is
heartened by patting and coax-
ing ; and so on, the verb having
either the meaning of to en-
courage, or to animate.
Heart-grown [:e'h't-, (and) aa-t-
groawn], adj. fondly attached.
Also, elated. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Hear til him ! [yi-h' til- im !] in-
ter}. Hark, or, Listen to him!
usually an exclamation of ridi-
cule. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Heart-sick [:e-h't-sih-'k, (and)
:aa't-si"h'k], adj. a common term,
used on slight provocation. Wh.
GL ; gen. ' Hast thou been to thy
grandfather's ? ' ' Yes, but he
nagged at me till I was fair
heartsick, so I went' [Ez* tu
been- tiv dhi graan-d'aadz ?
:Ae-y, but' i naagd* aat' mu til'
Aa* wur* fe'h'r :aa't-si'h'k, se
Aa gaangd'], treated me to such
ill-tempered correction that I was
quite discomfited by it, so I left.
Heartwarm [:e-h't-, (and) :aa*t-
waa - mj, adj. free-hearted. Wh.
GL; gen.
Heart-whole [:e-h't-, (and) :aa-t-
wuolr'l, wol'], adj. sound-hearted.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid. [Used by Shake-
speare ; As You Like it, iv. 1. 49.
W. W. S.]
Heathpowt [i-h'dh-poot-, yrh'dh-
poot'] ; or Moorpowt [miuo'h'-
poot'], employed in the singular
for young moor-game ; gen.
60
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Heave-an'-down-thump [yi-hV-
un-doon-thuomp'], chiefly used
adverbially; indicating the plain,
blunt, gesticulatory manner of
enforcing a statement or argu-
ment ; gen. ' He came out with
it, heave-an? -down-thump ' [Ee
kaanr oo*t wi f , yi-h'v-un-doon-
thuomp']. 'Aye, it's all heave-
an' -down-thump with him ' [: Aa*y
its* yaal* yi'h'v* - un - doon-
thuomp* wi *im*].
Heave the hand [yrh'v t aand-].
To heave the hand is, as the Wh.
GL nicely interprets the phrase,
"to bestow charity in mites,
amounting to little more than
the shadow of giving, or the
mere motion of the hand in the
act. ' Ay, ay, he has heaved his
hand, he is a generous John ' "
[:Ae - y, ey, ee-z yi-h'vdiz* aand* ;
iz* u jin-rus J:uo'h'n].
Heck [ek-], a latch ; Mid. < Steck
t' heck ' [stek- t ek-], or [strh'k t
ek'], equivalent to, Drop the
latch. ' Steck t' door, and don't
let t' heck go down' [Stek- t'
di-h'r, un* di'h'nt lit* t *ek* gaan*
doo-n] is a common caution with
regard to a house-door.
Heck [ek-], a rack for fodder.
Wh. GL ; gen. A stand-heck
[staand-ek] is a movable rack,
sometimes placed on a trestle;
at other times, having fixed sup-
ports.
Heckberry [ek-buri], the wild
service ; gen.
Heckling [ekiin, ik*lin], a scold-
ing. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Hector [ek-t'ur], v. n., v. a., and
sb. to reprimand, in an overbear-
ing manner; gen. 'I'll none
have thee to hector me, however '
[Aa*l ne'h'n e *dhee* tu ek-t'ur
rnaey, oo-ivur]. Exampled
participially in the Wh. GL The
term is also employed generally
in its usual sense of, to threaten
boastfully, or to bluster.
Heft [eft 1 ], applied to conduct
associated with concealed inten-
tions; deceit. Whiteheft [waa't-,
(and) weyt-eft], hypocrisy ; dis
simulation. Wh. GL; Mid.
Heft [eft-, iff], haft; gen. A
word made much use of figura-
tively. ' Down i' t' heft ' [Di'h'n,
(or) doon- it* eft-], weakly; de-
spondent. ' Loose i'f heft ' [hao'ws
if eft*], of a rakish disposition.
Hell [:ei, y:e*l]. This word, with
an old meaning, only occurs in
spoken conversation in connec-
tion with the names of places ;
as Hell-dyke [y:e*ldaa : k], a term
applied to a close dark ravine;
Mid.
Helm [elm*, ilnr], an open shed
for sheltering cattle in the field.
Wh. GL; gen. Occasionally
heard nearly as two syllables
from old people, [el-u'm, il*u'm].
Heppem [ep-um], adj. guarded,
or cautious ; gen. ' He 's very
heppem in his doings' [Eez- vaaru
ep-um i iz* drinz].
Herring-sue [ih-'r-, (and) erin-
siw], the heron, or heronshaw.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Hesp [esp*], sb. and v. a. a latch.
Wh. GL ; gen. The term is also
applied to that form of iron catch
which secures by being dropped
into a staple. ' Hasp ' proper is
so pronounced.
Hexam[eks-um], aremote locality,
associated with idle phrases;
Mid. 'I'll see him at Hexam
first ' [Aai see* im* uf Eks-um
faos-t]. 'He'll earn his salt,
maybe when he goes to live at
Hexam ' [Ee'l aa*n iz* 'saoh*'t,
meb* i, wen* i gaangz* tu liv uf
Eks-um]. Perhaps these phrases
may have had their origin in an
allusion to the ancient and well-
known town of Hexham ; its
situation being high north, in
the county of Northumberland.
Hey - go - mad [ey * - geh - 'maad,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
61
(and) ey-gaoh-'maad (ref. but
common)], sb. and adj. riotous
tumult; boisterous frolic. Ex-
ampled as a substantive in the
Wh. OL ; gen. Hang - mad
[aangg'-maad], with the same
meaning, is also employed occa-
sionally as an adj., and commonly
as a sb. in Mid-Yorks.
Hig [ig*] a state of petulance ;
an offended state. Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Highgate [aa-gih-'t, ee-gut], sb.
and adj. Said of language allied
to that of ' Billingsgate ; ' Mid.
Highty-horse [aa't-, (and) eyti-
aos], a child's term for a horse.
Wh. Ol. ; Mid. Also Howghty-
horse [aowti-aos].
Hik [ik'], v. n. and sb. a clicking
noise in the throat, like that
coming of a sharp sob ; Mid.
Hilling [iling], a coverlet; gen.
Hind [aa'nd, :aa'ynd], rime, hoar-
frost ; Kind [raa'nd, r:aa*ynd],
rime ; gen. [Of. Icel. hem, rime ;
hema, to be covered with rime.
-W. W. S.]
Hinder - end [nrd'ur-ind'], the
back part of anything. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Also applied to persons
collectively, as an opprobrious
term, in the sense of riff-raff, or
refuse. * The main feck (part)
of them went their way, but the
hinder-end kept (remained) on '
[T me-h'n fek' on' urn' gaand'
dhur gilr't, bud* t nrd'ur-ind*
kipt* on']. Employed also as
an adj., in the sense of hindmost.
Hipe [eyp* (and, occasionally)
aa-p], v. a. to butt, or strike with
the horns. Also, to slander ; to
contend with, in a querulous
manner. Wh. Gl. ; gen. . ' He
would hipe at the moon if there
was nothing else to hipe at'
[Eed* eyp* ut* mi'h'n if dhu wu
naowt- els- tu eyp* aat'].
Hipping [ip'in], a child's napkin.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Hoast [uo'h'st], adj. hoarse ; gen.
Hob [aob'J, a fruitstone ; Mid.
Hod [od', aod-], v. a. used of a
calf to hod which, is to rear it
for milking ; Mid.
Hod [od-] -.or Hau'd [ao-h'd (and)
aoh-'d], v. a., v. n., and sb. hold.
Employed in various idiomatic
ways, as in the Wh. GL 'He
has his land under a good hod '
[Ee ez' iz' laand' uon'd'ur u
gi'h'd od'], under a good tenure.
' He'll hod his hod' [Eei 'od' iz*
od'], will keep his hold. ' Hod
slack ! ' [Aod- slaak* !], slacken !
To hod slack) also, to while
away time, by way of relaxation.
' Hod on ! ' [Aod- on' !], hold
tight I To hod talk [od- tiuo-h'k],
to gossip. To hod up [aod' uop-],
to keep well. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Hod on is also employed in the
sense of keep on. ' Thou must
hod on the lane, till thou comes
to the old wooden bridge ; [Dhoo*
mun' od' on' t luo'h'n til' dhoo
kuomz* tiv t ao'h'd wuod* brig'].
' Hod here a bit' [Aod- ri'h'r u
bit'], stay here a bit. 'Hodden
up *[0d'u'n uop']. frail. Hod-
sta ! ' [aod'stu], hold thou, i. e.
hold! Hod, sb. also, in the
general sense of pain. ' Give
him some hod ' [gee* inr suom*
od'], thrash him well ! Hau'd
is mostly employed as a mono-
syllable.
Ho'd [od'], equivalent to pain,
bodily or mental ; gen. * I '11
give him some ho'd when I get
hold of him ' [Aa'l gi im* suonr
od' wen 1 Aa git* ao'h'd u'n' inr],
will give him a beating some-
thing to remember. Of a blister,
it will be said, ' It gave me some
hold' [It* gaa mu suonr 'od'].
A person who has administered
a severe rebuke or scolding to
another, will be referred to in
the terms, ' He gave him ho'd of
it, right ' [Ee gaav inr od' out',
rey i] . * He gave him some ho'd '
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
[Ee gaav im' suonr pd*], And
so of the person castigated -' It
gave him no 7io'cT [It' gaav inr
ne % od 1 ], took 110 effect.
Hog [og'], a year -old sheep.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Hoit [aoyt], applied to a silly
person. Hoiting [aoytin], be-
having in a silly manner. Wh.
GL ; gen. The word is in com-
mon use as a verb, and the par-
ticipial form is also employed as
an adjective.
Holl [:aol - ], a hollow, or ravine.
Used also figuratively, as in the
phrase, ' the holl of winter * [t
:aol* u win-t'u], the depth of
winter. 'A little holVd thing'
[U laa'tu'l :aoid theyng], a
puny child. Holl, v. a., also,
to hollow. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Holm [uolr'in, aolr'ni (refined)],
Mid. Applied to a piece of
ground which is entirely, or in
great part, bounded by a water-
course.
Home-coming [e-h'm (and) yaam'
kuonrin], a familiar term for the
time of home-return after the
day's work; and, also, for the
kind of reception likely to be met
with on reaching home. Wh.
GL; gen.
Homesome [rh'msum, e-h'msum,
yaam' sum], adj. homely; gen.
Honey [uon*i, in'i], a common
term of endearment, used in vari-
ous connections ; gen. Honey-
sweet [uon-iswilr't] ; or Honey-
come [uon-ikuonr] ; or Honey-
joy [uon-ijao-y]; orHoneybairn
[uonibe'h'n], applied to children.
Honeyfathers [uonifaadh'uz,
uonif :ih'dhuz] ! an ejaculation
of favourable surprise. Honey-
pot [uonipaot], the vessel which
is supposed to contain the savings.
A field in a certain locality goes
by the name of ' Honeypot Field,'
from the circumstance of a vessel
containing spade guineas having
been ploughed up there.
Hood [nod-], hob; gen. 'T'
hood-end ' [T uod'-ind'].
Hoofs [oofs-]; or Hofs [aofs*],
sbi pi. hooves a term vulgarly
applied to the feet. Wh. GL ;
Mid. The first is a Nidderdalo
term, too.
Hop pet [aop-it] ; or Hopper
[aop'ur], a seed-basket, used in
sowing. Wh. GL; gen.
Hoppet [aopit], the jail. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Hopple [aop-u'l], v. a. to tie the
legs together. The Wh. Gl. has
* of cattle, to prevent them run-
ning away ; ' but the term is of
less specific signification in Mid-
Yorks. In a leaping match,
competitors will sometimes en-
gage each other with ' hoppled
legs.
Hoppil [opil], adj. convenient;
Mid. * The cart won't hold any
more.' 'I'll awand (v. a. to
warrant^ familiarly) thee ! Thou 11
find a hoppil end for them few
somewhere ' [T ke'h't wiirut
aolr'd oni me'h'r. 'Aa'luwaan'd.
dhu I Dhooi fin* u op'il ind 1 fur*
dhem'faew* suonr wrh']. [Aew']
is a far commoner feature of town
dialect.
Hopthrush [op-t'ruosh], the wood-
louse; Nidd.
Horse - godmother [aos-gaod'-
muodhu], applied to a clownish
woman. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Horsegog [ao'h'sgog], a large
wild plum, yellow in colour, and
very late in ripening ; gen.
Horse-teng [aos- teng, (and, often,)
os'teng], the dragon-fly; gen.
Horsing-steps [:ao'h'sin-stips], a
horse-block; gen.
Hotch [och-, aoclr], applied to
any ill-managed matter. Wh.
GL; gen.
Hotch [oclr], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to shake, with a jerking motion.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
63
Used for lurch, too. Also, to
limp; gen.
Hotcherty-hoy [oclruti-ao-y], can
only be rendered explanative by
the line, 'Neither a man nor a
boy,' with which it usually
rhymes ; gen. Also Hobberty-
hoy [ob'uti - ao*y], as in the
wh. GL
Hot-foot [uolr'tf:i'h't, yaat'-
f:i'h't], used adverbially, in
figure ; Mid. One going along
hastily, is said to be going along
hot-foot. [Chaucer has foot-hot,
hastily ; Man of Lawes Tale, 1.
438. The same term is used by
Gower and Barbour. W. W. S.]
Hotter [ot''ur], v. a. to jumble,
or jolt. Also, as a verb neuter,
to limp, or totter. Hottery
[ot-'ri], adj. jolty. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
House [oo-s] ; or House-place
[oos--pl:eh's (and) plilr's]. The
common living-room of a house
is so called. Wh.aL;gen. The
first term is general to the county.
Housefast [oo'sfaast], adj. con-
fined to the house, as by illness.
Wh. GL ; gen. In Mid-Yorks.
the form housefasten [oo*s-
faasun] is in occasional use as a
verb active.
Housen - stuff [oo-zu'n - stuof],
household belongings, as furni-
ture, &c. Wh. GL ; gen.
Housil-stuff [oo'zil-stuof], house-
hold articles in general ; gen.
Housing [ooz-ing], adj. anything
very large; Mid. 'A great
housing fellow ' [U gri'h't 'ooz'-
ing fel-u].
Houze [oo-z], v. n. to breathe
shortly, and with difficulty. Wh.
(21. ; gen. ' How he does houze
and eaze, to be sure !' [Oo i diz 1
oo'z un* yi'h'z, tu bi sih''r I]
Hover [ovu^ aovur], v. n. and
v. a. to stay from motion ; as, in
pouring water, '//overyourhand,'
is said in request to desist. Also,
as a weather term, and generally
as indicating hesitation or sus-
pense, Wh. GL In the first
sense, the term is applicable to
Mid-Yorkshire. The remaining
uses are general.
Howgates [oo'guts], adv. how;
in what way; Mid. 'Howgates
did he go?' 'He took the old
yau'd (horse), and went by Thorpe
Wood ' [Oo'guts did' I gaang- ?
Ee ti'h'k t aoh-'d yao'h'd, un-
wind bi Thur-p Wuoh-'d].
Howky [aowki], the pet name
of a horse; Mid. ' Howk ! '
[aowk !] is employed, in repeti-
tion, in attracting the attention
of horses running loose in the
field.
Howl hamper [ao w i - aampu] ,
an empty stomach, jocosely ;
Nidd.
Howsomivver [oo-sumivur, oo--
suomiyur, aoh'sumivur, aoh'-
suomiv'ur], adv. howsoever ;
nevertheless. Wh. GL ; gen.
Also, however, when signifying
at all events.
Hubbleshoo[uob-u'lslioo",uo'bu'l-
shoo" (and) shih'], a confused
throng of people. Wh. GL ; gen.
Huff [uof-], an offended state.
' They took the huff at it ' [Dhe
ti'h'k t uof- aaf it']. Wh. GL ;
gen. .Also, in common use as
an active verb. ( Don't huff him,
now, if thou can help it ' [Dnrut
uof' im, noo, if' dhuo kun' ilp*
it']. Huffy, adj. is in occasional
use. Old people often pronounce
Huff [ih-'f], when used sub-
stantively.
Huffil [uof -il] ; or Huvvil [uovil],
a finger-sheath. Wh. GL ; Mid.
It is usually a leather article.
It will be said of a wounded
finger: 'I've got a finger-poke
for it ; now I want a huvvil '
[Aa'v git'u'n u fing'u - puo'h'k
fut' ; noo :Aa- waants' u uovil].
Huffle [uofu'l], v. n. and sb. to
64
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
shuffle painfully, in a sitting or
recumbent position ; Mid.
Hug [uog*], v. a. and v. n. to
carry. Wh. GL ; gen. to the
county.
Hull [:uo'l], a sty ; gen.
Hull [:uo'l], v. a., v. n., and sb. to
shell. Wh.GL;gen. Hullins
[:uo'linz] is also a general sub-
stantive.
Hullart [:uo-lut] ; or Jenny-
hullart [jini-:uo'lut], the owl;
gen.
Hummled [uonru'ld], pp. or adj.
hornless. Humble has an iden-
tical pronunciation [uonru'l].
Wh. GL ; gen.
Hunch [uonslr], sb. and v. a.
huff; Mid. 'He's gone off in
a hunch' [Eez' gi'h'n aof' i u
uon'sh]. ' Thou shouldn't say
naught of the sort to him ; thou'll
hunch him if thou doesn't mind/
[Dhoo suod'u'nt stir' naowt* u t
suolr't tiv inr; dhoo-1 uonsh*
inr if- tu diz'u'nt maa'nd].
Hunger slain [uong-urshih'n], adj.
having a famished appearance;
Mid. The term is freely applied
where circumstances hardly war-
rant it, as in the case of a family
who occupy a large residence,
without having the means to
provide suitable attendance. ' A
poor hunger slain lot ' [U puo'h'r
uong-ursl:ih'n lot].
Hurf [irf], scurf ; Nidd. The [r]
is also occasionally heard. [Spelt
Orf in Atkinson's Cleveland
Glossary, but the h appears in
the Icel. hrufa, a scab.-W. W. S.]
Hurl [:uo p rl], v. a. and v. n. to
starve with cold; Mid. 'Don't
go out ; it will hurl thee, honey '
[Dhrut gaang- oo't ; it'u'l :uo'rl
dhu, uon-i].
Hurple [u-pu'l], v. n. to contract.
and raise the back or shoulder,
with the sensation of cold. Wh.
GL ; gen. Also heard actively,
as may be implied in the Wh. Gl.
Hurtless [aotius], adj. unlmrt-
ful; gen.
Hurtsome [aot'sum], adj. hurt-
ful; gen.
Hus-push. [uos'-puosrr], a busy
time ; gen. ' Come, it will be
time for going in an hour. We 'd
better have the hus-push now as-
then ' [Kuo-m, it'u'l bi taa'm fur
gaang'in i un- uo'h'r. Wid-
bet''ur ae t uos'-puosh' 'noo* uz*
dhin-].
Hustle [uos-u'l], v. n. to make
shift; Mid. 'Well, we must
e'en hustle without it' [Wee'l,
wi mun' ee'n uos'u'l udhoot* it'].
Hustlement [uos-u'lment], a
mixed gathering of persons, or
things; Mid.
Hutch [uoch'j, an opprobrious
term bestowed on an ill-favoured
person; Mid. ' Who 's that foul
hutch?' [We-h'z -dhaat' fool
uoch" ?]. The term is usually ap-
plied to females.
Hype [eyp], v. n. to make a
mouth. It is used as a plural
term, too, but, in this case, s is
commonly added. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also as a substantive.
Ice-shackle [aays-shaaku'l ; of
Ice-shog [aays-shog] ; or Ice-
shoglin [aays-shoglin], icicle..
The first is usual in Mid- York-
shire. The two last forms are
Nidd. and northern ones. ' Aays'
is interchangeable with ' Aa's *
in each locality.
Ill-fare [il'-fe-h'r], v. n. to fare
ill, in any way ; to experience
unfavourable circumstances of
any kind. Wh. GL ; gen. Also
substantively .
Ill-gaited [il--ge-h'tid], adj. a bad
walker. Occasionally applied to
form, too, as indicating a clumsy
gait. Wh. GL ; gen. The sub-
stantive is in as common use.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
65-
Illify [ilifaa*], v. a. to speak evil
of; to defame. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ill-put-on [il'-puot'-on, il-puot'u'n-
on], adj. ill, or shabbily dressed.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also, ill-used ;
subjected to mean conduct; or
badly treated after any manner.
Similar phrases are common, as
lU-laid-on [il'-li-h'd-on], ill-
served; Ill-set-on [il'-set'-on],
foully attacked; Ill-made-on
[il'-mi'h'd-on], said of a child
that is neglected, or being harshly
brought up.
Ill-tented [il'-ten'tid, tin'tid], adj.
ill-cared for, or watched over.
Wh. Gl; gen.
Ill-thriven [il'-thrivu'n] ; or 111-
throven [il'-throvu'n, thruov-
u'n], adj. sickly, or puny-looking.
Also applied to those who are of
ungainly, crooked, or feeble dis-
position. Wh. Gl.; gen. Also
occasionally to the ill-mannered ;
and generally to what is stunted
or uncultivated.
Ill-throdden [il'throd-u'n], is
used in the same sense as 111-
thriven, which term see.
Ill-turn [il'-ton* (and) taon'], is,
with the addition of the indefinite
article, much used in place of
the word mischief. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Immie [invi], the ant; Tipper
Nidd. [i. e. emmet. The original
stem would be am ; emm - et,
emm-ick, imm-ie, an-t, are di-
minutives. W. W. S.]
Impish [inrpish], adj. consonant
to nature ; Mid. Speaking of a
child, it will be said, ' He 's
impish enough; he's dad all
over' [Ee'z invpish ini'h'f; ee'z
daad' yaal- aowh'r], he J s father
all over ; bears a complete re-
semblance in disposition. So,
too, of inanimate objects. Of
the rosemary - tree, it will be
said, that it is ' an impish thing,'
and will not grow on any soil.
Hence the common country say-
ing, that it is only to be found
about a house where the mistress
is master. This is said, too, of
the herb rue.
In'ard [in-ud], adv. within ; Mid.
Innear [nri-h'r, hrni"h'r], a kid-
ney; gen. The Wh. Gl. has the
word as a plural term. In Mid-
Yorks. Near [ni'h'r] and Wears
[ni'h'z] are also common. These
are southern forms, too. [Innear
is a mere corruption. The real
word is Near, Mid. Eng. nere,
Germ. niere.W. W. S.]
Ingate [nrgih't], a way of en-
trance. If applied to a pathway,
a short, more or less enclosed one,
is indicated; Mid. Of the outlets
of divergent paths within a wood,
it will be said, ' There is only one
ingate ; all the rest is (are) out-
gates ' [Dhuz' nuob'ut 'yaan*
in'gih't; t rist' iz' oot'gih'ts],
There is only one way, or open-
ing, leading further into the
wood ; the rest of the ways, or
openings, lead out.
Ingle [ing'u'l], a flame, or blaze.
Also, the fire-side. Wh. GL; Mid.
The term is more generally ap-
plied in the last sense. Ingle-
nook [ing'u'l-n:ih'k] is employed
for the fire-side, or chimney-
corner.
Ings [ingz'], sb. pi. low pasture
lands. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. The term
is usually applied to land by a
river-side, and rarely used but in
the plural, though the reference
be only to one field. With some
people, however, it is com-
pounded with pasture itself, and
is then used in the singular. At
these times, the word accommo-
dates itself with a meaning, being
a substitute for river-side. ' The
low ing pasture' [T lao* ing*
paas't'u] would be taken to mean,
the low, or bottom pasture, by
the river-side.
Inkle [ing-ku'l, ing-u'l], a tape,
used for apron-strings, shoe-ties,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
&c. Wh. GL; Mid. 'As thick
as ingle- weavers ' a common
expression denoting a state of
close personal intimacy.
Inkling [ingkim], desire ; in-
clination ; a notion or conception
of anything; a hint, or intima-
tion. Wh. GL; gen. The verb
is freely employed, too. A
person 'inkles after riches,' or
' after a better life/ or for what
will gratify the appetite. One
of those words used effectively
in the pulpit by the lay exhorters
who labour among a sect of Dis-
senters. * Come now, has none
of you an inkling for Jesus?'
[Kuonr noo', ez' ne'h'n ao yu u
ingk'lin fu Jrh'zus ?]. The re-
fined form of the last Name is
[Jeyzus].
Insense [insens-, insins 1 ], v. a. to
enlighten; to cause to under-
stand ; gen. Exampled as a pp.
in the Wh. GL
Intiv [intiv] ; or Intil pntil'] ;
or Intuv [intuov], prep. unto.
Wh. GL ; gen. The last form is
an additional one, in common
use. In the case of each, the
accent is often shifted to the first
syllable, and at times both syl-
lables are accented.
Iv [iv], prep, in; gen.
Ivin [aayvin, aa'vin], ivy. Wh.
GL; gen.
Jack [jaak'J, a half -gill or quarter-
pint measure. Wh. GL ; gen.
Jag [jaag'J, a blister^ or like
eruption; gen. The face of a
person in the first stage of the
small-pox is covered with ' water-
jags ' [waat''ur-jaagz],
Jammy [Jaanri], James ; gen.
Jamp [jaamp-], p. t. of jump.
Often heard amongst Mid- Yorks.
people. It occurs in one of the
illustrative sentences of the
Wh. GL, under the word Router.
Jannock [jaan-uk], fair, equitable,
Wh. GL; gen,
Jar [jaa-r], adj. wry, or crooked;
Mid. A 'jar~necke(i ' sheep is-
a wry-necked one. [This jar
is a corruption of char, a turn ;
just as a door * on the char ' is
said to be a-jar.W. W. S.]
Jau'mb [jaoh-'m], a door or
window-post; gen.
Jaup [jao'h'p]; or Jowp [jaowp],
V. a. to wash or dash about in
mass, like water when shaken,
Wh. GL ; Mid. Waves are said
to go jowping up [jaowpin uo'p]
against the stones on the beach,
or sea-wall. Also employed sub-
stantively.
Javver [jaavnr], sb. and v. n,
bold, assuming talk. Exampled
as a sb. in the Wh. GL; gen.
Jawping [juo'h'pin], adj. applied
to a roomy aperture. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Jenny-Lind-pie [Jm-i-Lin-paa-],
The miners of Nidderdale give
this name to a bone-pie; pre-
sumably a novelty some years-
ago.
Jennysplnner [jnri-spimir], the
crane-fly; gen,
Jiffy [jif'il, an instant, familiarly,
Wh. GL "; gen.
Jill, or Gill [Jill*], v, n. to tope.
This is the term for a half-pint
measure. Wh. GL ; gen.
Jilliver [jiHvu], wallflower ;
gen.
Jimcrake [jim < kr:eh'k],a jimcrow
a ridiculous person ; Mid.
Jimmer [jinrur], a broken piece,
A plate much cracked, but still
unbroken, will be said to be ' all
in jimmers ; ' gen.
Jimp [jimp*], sb., v. a., and v. n,
a short irregular curve or bend
out of a straight course. A bad
plougher jimps his furrows j Mid,
Jin [Jin-], Jane ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
67
Joan [Juo'h'n], John ; gen. Jack
is ' Jock ' [Jok-] ; Mid.
Jockey [jok'i], a general, much-
used term for one who, in his
own way, is too had for any-
thing. At times, it loses almost
all trace of humour. Also, as a
verb active, in the sense of to
trick, or cheat ; Mid.
Joderum [jaod-'rum, juolr'd'rum],
applied to a tremulous, jelly-like
mass. Wh. GL ; gen.
Jogglestick [jog-u'lstik], the
roller, with holts at each end,
which secures the body of a cart
to the shafts ; gen.
Jolder [jaowld'ur], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. jolt ; Mid.
Joll [jaowl'], v. a. and sb. to
knock against anything. Wh.
01. ; gen. A common threat
towards a juvenile, and one
hardly confined to locality in the
county, is, ' I '11 joll thy head and
t' wall together' [Aa-1 -jaowl'
dhaa* yrh'd un* t waolr'l tu-
gid-'urj.
Jolment [jol'mentl, 'a large
pitcher - fuU,' in the Wli. GL
But jolment, in Mid-Yorks.,
means a large quantity of any-
thing. Jorum (Wh. GL} has,
too, the same meaning, and is
general to the county.
Jorum [juo'h'rum]. See Jolment.
Jos'ly [jos-li], adj. cumbrously or
loosely stout* Wli. Gl. ; gen.
Joss-o' t'-nacks [jos'-ut-naaks'J, a
term indicating one who is
' master of the situation ; ' Mid.
Jowl [jaowl], the jaw, familiarly.
Wli. Gl. ; Mid.
Jumper [juonrpur], a drill used
by miners in boring rock ; Nidd.
Junters [juon't'uz], a state of
sulks.
Kale [kih-'l, ke-h'l], water-por-
ridge; gen.
Katty [Kaati], Kate, proper
name ; gen. Also Kitty [kit'i].
Catharine may be the name given
at the font, but this form is
rarely heard. When heard, it
is pronounced [Kaat-'run], The
pronunciation of Kate is [K:rh't].
Keak [kih;'k], v. a. to jerk a
limb, with a short, sudden
effort; to tilt. Keaked [kih-'kt],
Keaked up [kilr'kt uop-], to be
so raised. Also, in the sense of
being vain> or ' stuck up.' Wh.
Gl. ; gen. A mother will say to
an over-playful child, by way of
caution : ' Thou '11 keak thy neck
till it creaks ' [Dhuol- kih-'k dhi
nek- til' it- kr:rh'ks]. Also em-
ployed substantively.
Keal [ki-h'l], a liquid mess of
any kind. Keal -pot [k:rh'l-
pot'] ; or Kail-pot [k:e'h'l-pot-],
the porridge-pot a protuberant
iron vessel, upon legs, with a
long handle, and with often a
hoop-handle added. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Keam [krh'm]; or Kaim [ke-h'm],
a comb. Wh> Gl. ; gen. In com-
mon use, too, as an active verb.
Kean [k:rh'n], v. n., v. a., and
sb. to scum, or throw off as re-
crement. Kean [k:rh'n], a par-
ticle of this nature. Keaned
[k:i'h'nd], scummed in this wise.
The Wh. GL has the last form,
together with the sb. pi. These,
in Mid-Yorks., are most heard,
but the verbs and sing. sb. are
also fully recognised in this
locality.
Keave [ki-h'v], v. n. and v. a. to
sort, with an implement. Keav-
ing-rake [krh'vin-r:eh'k], a
barn - floor rake. Keaving--
riddle [krh'vin-ridu'l, ruodu'l],
a grain-riddle, or sieve. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Keb [keb'], an old worn-out
sheep ; gen.
Keck [kek-] ; or Kecken [kek-u'n],
68
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
' the effort between a choke and
a cough.' Wli. GL The first
form is employed substantively y
and the last as ay. n. ; gen.
Keckenhearted [keku'ne'h'tid,
keku'naa-tid], adj., lit. chicken-
hearted ; squeamish, in regard to
food. Wh. GL; gen.
Keckle [kelru'l], v. n. and sb. to
giggle. Exampled as a verb in
the Wh. Ol.; Mid.
Kedge [kej-]; or Kedgebelly
[kej'beH], a glutton. Hedged
[kejd'], pp. filled with eating.
Kedging, sb. edibles. Wh. GL ;
gen. Kedge, also, v. n. and v. a. ;
Mid.
Keg [keg*], the stomach, fami-
liarly ; gen. ' Blash - keg'd '
[blaash'-kegd'], water - bellied ;
a term of impartial application,
being bestowed both on a person
of drunken habits, and on a tee-
totaller.
Keg [keg*], v. a. to give sharp
offence. The pp. is exampled in
the Wh.GL; Mid.
Keks [keks-], or Kelk [kelk-],
hemlock ; gen. The same plant
is also called bun [buon'j ;
but this term is more fre-
quently applied to a kind of
rabbit - herbage, growing in
hedges.
Keld [kaeld-], often used of a
brook, or spring. Wh. GL ; gen.
Kelk [kelk'], the roe of female
fish. Wh. GL; Mid.
Kelk [kel'k], a blow. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Kelps [kelps', kilps-], sb. pi.
chimney pothooks, of iron ; gen. ,
Wh. Ol., which notes: "When
the pot is taken from the hooks
over the fire, the latter begin to
vibrate, and the maid is anxious
to stop them, for while they con-
tinue in motion ' the Yirgin
weeps.' " This is also a common
superstition in Mid- Yorkshire.
In Nidderdale, the miners call
waggon - chains kilps [kilps'],
with no variation of vowel.
Kelter [kel't'u}, case, or con-
dition. Wh. GL; gen. Often
shortened to kelt. Also, as a
verb active, with a similar sense.
* He 's been none over (too) well
Jceltered' [Iz* bin* ne'h'n aowh'r
weei kel't'ud], not too well
tended. And so in the sense of
being endowed ; both senses
being exampled in the Wh. GL,
but only participially ; Mid.
Kelterments [kel-t'uments], sb.
pi. odds and ends of articles, or
different kinds, of questionable
value. Wh. GL ; gen. The
singular form is frequently heard,
too, and is also employed in the
plural.
Kemp [kemp-], v. a. to comb;
gen. The past part, is exampled
in the Wh. GL
Ken [kin*, ken*], v. a. and sb. to
know ; to perceive, or under-
stand ; to see. Wh. GL ; gen. In
the last sense, the word is em-
ployed substantively \ Ken ia
not habitually in use, but is fre-
quently heard, and conies readily
to the lips.
Kennygood [ken'iguod], some-
thing to remember. A term usu-
ally employed ironically ; "Mid.
Kenspeckle [ken-speku'l], adj.
prominent; conspicuous. Used
of things. Wh. <?Z. ; Mid. Also,
substantively.
Kep [kep 1 , kip'], v. a. and sb. to
catch, or receive in falling, Wh.
GL ; gen. Old people use the
last pronunciation.
Kesmas [kes-mus] ; or Kismas
[kis'mus] ; or Kesamas [kes'u-
mus] ; or Kisamas [kis'umus] ;
or Kesanmas [kes'unmus] ; or
Kisanmas [kis-unmus] ; or
Chresmas [kres'mus] ; or Chris-
mas [kris'mus] ; or Chresamas
[kres'umus] ; or Chrisamas
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
69
cris'umus] ; or Chresanmas
runnius]; or Chrisanmas
runmus]. These forms of
"Christmas are all heard in Mid-
Yorks. Those haying the vowel
e are general. The old people
of the first locality invariably
adopt the i forms, and discard
the Ch for K. This last habit is
also common with the same class
in Nidderdale. The pronuncia-
tion of this word might perhaps
have been more settled but for
the co-existing form Yule, which
is employed generally, too, and
which many people adhere to
persistently. The word is also
in some use in Mid-Yorks. as a
neuter verb to goa-Christmasing.
Kessen [kes'u'n.], v. a. christen.
Kessening [kes'u'nin] , sb. chris-
tening. Wh. GL ; gen. There are
other forms much heard : [krus'-
u'n], generally among speakers ;
and [kruos-u'n], among old
people. In Mid-Yorks. the old
people also say [kis'u'n], [Kres*-
u'n] is heard, too, generally, as
a refined form among all classes.
[Krus'u'n] (above) is a more re-
fined form.
Kessen [kes-u'n], p. part. cast.
Kessen up [kes'u'n uop'], cast,
or added up. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
There is, also, the active verb
employed generally ; with Kes-
sening-up [kes'u'nm-uop'], for
the act. part. The verb, to cast,
is to Kest [kest-].
Kester [Kes-t'ur], Christopher.
Wh. GL; Mid. Also [Kis't'ur]
among old people.
Kesty [kes'ti], adj. fastidious, in
the matter of food ; gen.
Ket [ket'J, said of * carrion ; and
inferior or tainted meat,' as in
the Wh. Gl., but also applied
very generally to unsavoury
messes, offal food, or anything
not fit to be eaten. Employed
greatly in figure, too. Also ap-
plied to persons, substantively,
on slight provocation. The
vowel is often heard as [i],
Ketty [ket'i], adj. applied, as in
the Wh. GL, to anything nau-
seous, or putrid. The various
uses are general.
Kibble [kib-u'l], a miner's bucket ;
Nidd.
Kidgel [kid Jil], a large quantity;
Mid. In allusion to a heavy
load of furniture, a person will
say, * There 's a bonny Jcidgel of
stuff there ' [Dhuz- u baoni kid'-
jil u stuof' dhi'h'r], a fine load
there.
Kilk [kilk-], a blow, with the
fist, or foot ; Mid. The Wh. GL
has Kelk, which is only used of
the fist.
Kim [kirn-], a small particle of
hair, or filmy substance. The
floating particles in the air, seen
by a ray of sunlight, are so de-
signated; gen.
Kin [kin'], kind, or sort; akin.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Kin [kin*], an open crack, or
chap ; gen. The word is applied
to ' a crack or chap in the skin,
from frost or cold,' as in the Wh.
Gl., but is also used in a more
general manner. A Nidderdale
miner will say of a place hard to
work, that it * has neither crack
nor kin in it' [ez' ne'h'dhur
kraak' nur* kin' int']. The
phrase is a general one.
Kincough [kin-kof], the chin, or
hooping-cough. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Called, also, the [king'kof]. In
both cases, a change of vowel in
the last word, from [o] to [uo] is
customary among old people.
Kink [kingk-], a fit, or convulsive
state; a neck- twist, from cold.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also, a v. a. and
v. n. in the first sense ; and a
v. a. in the last. ' He '11 kink
t' bairn while (till) he kinks and
kinks over' [Eel- kingk' t be'h'n
waa'l i kingks' tur kingks'
70
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
aowh'r], is a characteristic sen-
tence.
Kin'lin [kinlm, kin'u'lin], usu-
ally applied to chopped sticks or
fire-wood ; but used also of fire-
lighting materials generally. Wh.
GL ; gen. to the county.
Kipper [kip-ur], adj, nimble.
Wh. GL ,- gen.
Kir'by - parsoned [ku-bi - paa--
su'nd], adj. ; Mid. " In several
rural places about York, it is
the custom to speak of bottles
with cavities at the bottom as
being Kir'by - parsoned. The
popular explanation is, that this
Kir 'by - parson was 'a hollow-
bottomed fellow ;' but the phrase
will admit of a kindlier construc-
tion. With the parish which
must hold some tradition of a
remarkable character we have
no acquaintance." The above
was a communication to Notes
and Queries, some years ago.
The writer has since heard
several other versions of the
story, and attempted explana-
tions of the above phrase, in
connection with a village in the
north- riding, but none of them
are worth repeating.
Kirk [kur'k, kaor'k], church.
Wh. Gl ; gen. The word com-
pounds with many others. Kirk-
garth [kur'k-ge-h'th], church-
yard. Kirk-maister [kur'k-
me"h'st'ur], for church-warden,
as often heard from old Mid-
Yorkshire people; with aumas
[ao'h'mus], alms ; broach
[bruo'h'ch], steeple; yat [yaat'],
fite ; and other common words,
choir-boy is either a Kirk-
lad [kur'k-laad], or a Kirk-
singer [kur*'k - singur] ; a
church - goer, a Kirk- ganger
[kur''k-gaangur] ; a churching,
a Kirking [kur'kin], &c. The
[ao] is in most use among old
people. Some of these also em-
ploy [uo] and [ih''] ; the first
casually, the last constantly.
Kissing-bush [kis'in-buosh], the
counterpart of the ' mistletoe
bough,' which is indeed often
included, or secreted in the
arrangement of the lush, con-
sisting of evergreens, with de-
corations ; Mid.
Kist [kist-], a chest. Wh. Gl ;
gen. 'There's a hole in my
kist ' [Dhuz' u waol' i maa* kist'].
'A kist of drawers' [U kist- u
d'rao'h'uz],
Kist [kist'], v. a. occasionally
used in the sense of to throw ;
Mid. ' He 's got a stone in his
hand for you. ; ' But he daren't
kist it' [Eez* git'u'nu ste'h'n iv*
iz- a'and' f:u dhu. Buod' i
daa'dunt 'kist' it'].
Kit [kit ? ], the framework of a
miner's sieve ; Nidd.
Kite [ka'yt-], stomach. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also, a term of reproach.
'Thou young kite!' [Dhoo-
yuo'ng 'ka'yt* !]
Kith [kith'], acquaintance. Often
used of kindred, too, indirectly.
Wh. GL; gen. Old Mid-Yorks.
people interchange the vowel
with [uo].
Kiting [ka'ytin], provisions.
Wh. GL; gen.
Kitling [kitiin], kitten. Wh.
Gl; gen.
Kitling - brain [kit iin-bre -h'n],
applied to a weak-headed person ;
one too easily impressed. Wh.
GL; gen.
Kittle [kifu'l], v. a. to tickle.
Wh. Gl; gen.
Kittle [kit'u'l], adj. ticklish;
easily set to action; bent on
action of any kind. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Kittle [kit'u'l], v. n. to kitten;
gen.
Kittyval [kitivaal'], an assembly
of persons of objectionable cha-
racter; Mid.
MID-YORKSHIEE GLOSSAEY.
71
Knack [naak - ], v. IL to talk
affectedly. Wh. GL ; gen.
Knade [nelr'd], p. t. of knead;
gen. See Knodden,
Knap [naap 1 ], sb. and v. a. a
light blow; a slight fracture;
an impostor, or cunning cheat.
Wh. GL; gen,
Knap per [naap-ur], a door-
knocker, Wh. GL; gen. Also,
as a v. n. to talk with persistent
volubility.
Knarl [naa-1], v. a. to knot, or
entangle. Wh. GL ; gen. Also,
substantivdy.
Knodden [nod-u'n], p. p. kneaded.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Knead, the verb,
is pronounced [ni'h'd]. There is
a refined form of the past part.,
too, Kneaden [ni'h'du'n]. See
Knade.
Knoll [naowl], v. a. and v.' n. to
toll. Wh. GL ; gen. Also, sul-
stantively.
Knot [not'] ? v. a. and v. n. knit;
Mid. An irregular form, heard
from individuals. 'Thou must
learn to knot, while there 's a bit
of garn about' [Dhoo* mmr
li-h'n tu not* (also fnuot']), waal
dhuz- u bit' u gaa-n (also [ge'h'n])
uboot* (and with final s)J.
Know [nau'J, knowledge. Usu-
ally employed with some idiom.
Wh. OL ; Mid. A common
phrase is, ' I know my own know
about it, and that's enough'
fAa* naoh'' mi e'h'n nau* uboot*
it', un- dhaats" unrh'f], I have
my own knowledge about it, and
that is enough. Before a con-
sonant, the final element [h'j is
usual.
Knowful [nao-fuol], adj. knowing.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid. This is the usual
pronunciation of the compound.
It has sometimes a short vowel,
but when this is the case, there
is a final element [naoh-'fuol].
Konny [kaond], adj. generally
used in the sense of neat and
attractive, and, as a rule, fol-
lowed or preceded by little. Wh.
Gl ; gen.
Kum [kuonv], v. a. and sb. to
scum; Mid.
Kurn-eruddle [k:u-n-kruodu'l], a
churn-staff, i. e. a churn-curdler,
the name of the vessel being -also
applied to its contents; Mid.
The Wh. Gl. has the same com-
pound, with a different pronun-
ciation.
Knrn [kun-, ku-ii] ; or Churn
[chun-], buttermilk; Mid. The
last word is used, too JTxuo't'u-
milgk], but not much.
Kurn-supper [kurn-suop-ur] ; or
Churn-supper [chu-n-, chun'-,
chuon*-, chen'-, chaon*-, (and)
chon'-suop-ur]. Churn is a much-
used word, and used in -many
ways. The [uo],[ao], and [o] formal
are heard usually from old people.
The 'churn-supper is often, for
convenience, incorporated with
the ' mell- supper,' the time of
which is at the end of the wheat
harvest. The gathering and
festivities on this occasion are
the most characteristic of the
year, and a long time of pre-
paration is necessary. Gener-
ally, however, the churn-supper
marks the end of the bean-
harvest, when all harvesting is
done. There is not that uproar-
ious mirth attending the time of
the churn-supper which distin-
guishes that of the ' mell-supper,'
nor is it usual to engage in
dancing afterwards. The occa-
sion being more for the enjoy-
ment of a household, there is a
tea, to begin with, and as the
requirements of a farmhouse
tea-table, on any special occa-
sion, involve a great deal of
churning work beforehand, the
name of churn-supper may be
accounted for in this way. _In
some localities, there is a festive
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
evening at the end of 'corn-
shearing ' time, and this occasion
is also associated with a churn-
supper.
Kuss [kuos - ], the pronunciation
of kiss, in all its parts, among
those who employ broad dia-
lect; gen. Mothers, young and
old, invariably use the word in
addressing their children. ' Go
thy ways, and kiss granny,
honey' [Gaang- dhi wi'h'z, un'
kuos' graanl, in'i].
Kyd [kid'], a bundle of thorns,
or ' whins ' (furze), used for
fencing; Mid.
Kye [kaay], kine. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Kye-byre [ka'y*-ba'yh''], a cow-
barn, or house. Wh. GL ; gen.
Kytle [kaaytu'l], a miner's work-
ing-coat, of coarse linen ; Nidd.
Labber [laab-u'r], v. a. to dabble
with the hands, or feet ; to splash.
Labbered [laab'ud], splashed;
bemired. Liabberment [laab'u-
ment], a ' washing of linen upon
a small scale, called also a " slap-
washing" [slaap'-waeshin].' Wh.
GL ; gen. The last term is also
made use of to denote the action
of splashing. ' Give over mak-
ing such Icibberment' [Gi aow'h'r
maak'in sa'yk' laab'ument].
Laboursome [le-h'busum], adj.
laborious. Wh. GL ; gen. Also
labourous [le-h'burus] ; Mid.
Lace [li'h's], v. a. to use extra-
vagantly; gen. 'Thou's laced
some honey into that tea of
thine, my lad' [Dhooz* Irh'st
suom* uon'i intu dhaat' 'ti' u
dhaa'n, maa laad'].
Lacer [li-h'sur], applied to any
object unusually large. Wh.
GL; gen.
Lacing -mob [Irh'sin - maob], a
mob-cap, the material of which
is lace. Wh. GL ; gen.
Ladlouper [laad'laowpur], applied
to a forward, giddy girl. Wh.
GL; gen.
Lafter [laaf-t'ur], a term for a
fowl's produce of eggs; gen.
'That's the old hen's lafter
[Dhaats* t ao'h'd enz 1 laaf't'ur].
Lag [laag'], a hoop; Mid.
Lahtle [laa-t'ul] ; or Litle
[laayt'u'l], adj. and sb. little ;
gen.
Lai'k [le-h'k, l:rh'k], v. n. and
v. a. to play. Lai'kins [le'h'kins],
playthings. Lai'kin - brass
[le'h'kin-braas], pocket-money.
Wh. GL; gen. The first pro-
nunciation of lai'k is the usual
one.
Lair [le'h'r] ; or Lear [l:rh'r],
barn; gen. The first is the
refined form.
Lai't [le-h't], v. a. to seek, or
search. Wli. GL ; gen.
La'lack [le'h'luk, li-h'luk], the
lark ; gen. ' Sky-la'lack ' [skaa'-
le"h'luk]. See Laverock, of
which word this is perhaps a cor-
ruption.
Lalder [laal'd'ur] ; or L older
[lol'd'ur], v. n. explained in
the Wh. GL, 'to sing ranting
psalmody,' with a reference to
' LollardLsm.' From the use oi
the word in other parts (and it
is general to the county), this
special meaning is not quite ap-
parent. The first form is the
usual one, and is applied to any
singing noise whatever, as to a
meaningless lullaby ; (compare
our verb to lull.} It would be
difficult to suit an action with
a better word on occasions.
Lalling- (Wh. Gl.) is also a
general term, used with quite a
similar meaning. The verb, to
lall, claims an equal recognition,
however.
Lalder [laal'd'ur], v. n. to lounge
idly ; pres. part. Wh. GL ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
73
Lance [laans*], v. a. 'Come,
you've more brass (money) than
me lance out ! ' [Kuonr, yeev
me'h'r braas* un' 'maey laans*
oot'], turn it out; Mid. Hence
also launch [laansh'], with the
addition of final h.
Lander [laaird'ur], v. n. to be
carelessly idle ; Mid. 'Where's
t' goodman, dame?' 'None
knows I t' day - work 's done,
and he'll be landering again
(against) some o' t' gates ' [Wi'h'z
t giwdmaan', drh'm? Ne'h'n
nao-h'z Aa- t di'h' - waa'ks
di'h'n, un' il' bi laan'd'u'rin
ugi'h'n *suonv u t yaats'].
'None knows I' is an idiom
confined to conversation which
in a strain of mock-indifference.
Otherwise, the likely phrase
would be, 'Nay, I knawnV
[Ne*, Aa' nao'h'nt].
Lands [laandz'], sb. pi. the divi-
sions of ground between furrow
and furrow, in a field ploughed
at long distances, for drainage
purposes; gen.
Langcanny [laang-kaani], a point
of exhaustion; the far end of
anything. Wh. <W.;gen. 'They
are at langcanny now ; they can
get no farther ; one of them will
have to jrall in' [Dhur ut.
laang'kaani noo' ; dhe ku'n' git*
nu faa-d'ur ; -yaan- on- urn' u'l e
tu pool in 1 ], one of them will
have to pull in, or submit.
Langhundred [laang'ucrndhud],
a hundred of six-score, as eggs
are usually reckoned. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. A langdozen [laang 1 -
duoz'u'n] of the same count
fourteen.
Langlength. [laang-lenth-, (and)
linth'], long or full-length. Wh.
GL; gen.
Lang-pound [laang'-puond-], or
long -roll [laang' -raowl], is
applied to a roll of butter weigh-
ing twenty-two ounces; the
usual sixteen being associated
with a short-roll [shu't-raowl].
Wh. GL; gen.
Lang sen [laang' sen'], long since.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Lang sin
[laang' sin'] is in. more use ; but
the first form is most adhered
to when both parts are accented.
Lang - settle [laang- - setu'l], a
long-settle, or long seat, with a
high, boarded back, and arms,
made to hold several persons.
Its proper place is the ' neukin,'
or chimney-corner, of an old-
fashioned fire-place, but it is to
be found elsewhere about a house.
A parlour lang-settle is often seen
cushioned and padded, and takes
the place of the modern sofa.
The movable backed seats of
public-house accommodation go
by this name lang-, or long-
settle, everywhere in the county.
Wh. GL; gen.
Langsome [laang-sum], adj. long-
some, i. e. tedious. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Langstreak'd [laang- st'rdh'kt],
adj. laid at full length, or at ' long-
stretch ' [laang'st'rich] ; Nidd.
Lang-tongued [laang- - tuongd],
adj. ' given to tale-bearing, over-
talkative.' Wh. Gl.; gen. Its
substantive form is common.
[Craan' ugi'h'tudz, laang'-tuong !]
' Go agaterds (your ways), long-
tongue ! '
Lankle-yed [laa-nku'1-yed'l, a
wooden ladle, having a long
handle and a large bowl ; Mid.
Lapcock [laap-kok]. Hay is in
lap cock over a field when in
small heaps ; gen.
Larl [laal] ; or Lile [la'yl], little.
These, and the other varying
forms of this adjective [see
Lahtle, litle], are often heard
in association, and, at times,
serve to make a designation
more clear. 'It was none of
that ; it was the ZarZ-little one '
[It- waa ne-h'n u 'dhaat' ; it' waa
74
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
t laa-l-laa-t'ul uV], not that
one, but the least little one.
These last words may be used in
ordinary speech, but the com-
moner form is least one obviously
not of a precise character, as
these words might equally refer
to persons or objects of large
size, as to those of little size,
merely having the relative sig-
nification of the least one of two.
Larl is generally heard, but is
much more common to Mid-
Yorkshire than Nidderdale, where
lile is the obtaining form, though,
strictly, this is a refined pronun-
ciation, in use over well-nigh all
the rural part of the county.
Lile-larl [la'yl-laal (and) laa-1]
is a Nidderdale expression to de-
note anything exceedingly little.
Lash [laaslr], v. a. to re-infuse;
gen. ' Put a sup more water in
the tea-pot, and don't overZas/i
it ' [Puot' u suop* muo'h' waat-'ur
i t trh'-pot% un- din'ut aowh'r-
laash* if], don't make it- (the
tea) too weak. Lashings
[laash'inz] are the weakest re-
mainder of any infusion.
lash [laaslr], v. a. to comb out ;
to go over ground with a brush
lightly, so as to remove one sub-
stance without interfering with
a lower deposit ; gen. Lash that
straw up, and let t' caff (chaff)
bide ' (remain) [Laash dhaat-
strr uop*, un* lit 1 t kaaf* baa'd].
Lash-comb [laash'-ke"h'm (and)
ki"h'm], a hair- comb.
Lasty [laas'ti], adj. lasting, or
durable. Wh. OL ; gen.
laund [laoh-'nd], sb. and adj.
lawn; Mid.
Laverock [kavruk], the lark;
Mid.
Lea [IHi'], a scythe. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Leaf [Irh'f], the inward fat be-
longing to a pig. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Learn [li-li'm], v. a. and v. n. To
furnish the spinning-wheel with
the raw material is to learn it.
Wh. GL; gen.
Learner [Irh'nru], a large filbert
nut. Wh. GL ; gen. Called also
a learning [Irh'rnin] ; Mid.
Lea-sand [Irh'saand], scythe-
sand; used on the ' strickle,' in
sharpening the implement. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Lease [Irh's, Irh'z], v. n. and v. a.
to rid grain of parasitic and
foreign growths, previous to
thrashing. Wh. GL; gen.
Leath [li-h'dh] ; or Leather
[li'h'dhur], adv. soon, and sooner,
respectively ; gen. There are
also (but less common in use)
Leave [Irh'y], Lieve [lee'v],
Leaver [Irh'vur], Liever
[lee'vur], the first two positive
and the last two comparative
forms/ The positive forms have
frequently s added. ' I 'd as leaths
have that.' 'But I'd leather
have t' other' ['Aa*d uz* Irh'dhz
e 'dhaat'. Bud' -Aa'd Irh'dhur
ae t uod-'ur]. The superlative
is formed by the addition of est t
to all the forms ; the compara-
tives being augmented in this
way, too. The final vowels are
elided.
Leathe [Irh'dh], v. a. to relax,
or make flexible. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Also employed as an adjective.
Leatherlaps [ledlrulaaps], usu-
ally applied to a forgetful person;
gen. The [e] interchanges with
H-
Leathwake [Irh'dh-we-h'k], adj.
flexible. This word, noted in
the Wh. Gl, as restricted in ap-
plication to a corpse, is variously
employed in Mid - Yorks. A
person will say of a stiff pair of
gaiters, ' I must work them
while (till) they are leathwake'
[Aa- mun* waa'k urn* waal-
dhur- li'h'dh-we-'h'k]. And so
of a stiff limb, 'It'll get leath-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
75
wake wi' working' [It'u'l git'
li'h'dh-we"h'k wi waa'kin]. Of.
A.S. ItiSewac, pliant, from li%, a
joint.
Leave. See Leath,
Leavelang [Irh'vlaang], adj.
oblong. Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Leaves [Irh'vzl, sb. pi. leavings ;
Mid.
Leckon [lek'un], v. n. to pour;
gen. ' Leckon on' [lek'un aon'],
pour on !
Lesty day ! [les-ti de-h' !] interj.
a phrase of commiseration,
having its equivalent in ' Alas !
the day!' Wh. GL; Mid.
Letten [let-u'n, lit'u'n], past part,
let. Wh. GL; gen.
Levant [livaant*], v. a. to 'lever
up,' or raise by leverage when
the fulcrum is between the weight
and the power, as in displacing
a block of stone with a bar ; Mid.
* Now then, go to the hinder- end
with a stackbar, and if thou can
nobbut levant it the boogth of a
nail, we shall manage, it is likely '
[Noo dhnr, gaan' ti t' in'd'ur-
ind' wiv u staak'baa'r, un 1 if'
dhuo kun' naob'ut livaant' it' t
buogdlr uv u nrh'l, wi su'l*
maan'ish its' laa'klinz], if you
can only raise it a nail's-breadth,
&c.
Lewit [levit], v. a. to raise, with
aid auxiliary to that of common
force; or, by leverage. When,
e. g., a weighty bundle, or corded
box, is just raised, and moved
forward with the knees, it is
levitted. The past part, is ex-
ampled in the Wh. GL ; Mid.
Lick-f jar-leather [lik --f u-ledh TI] ,
one is going lick- for -leather when
at full speed; Nidd.
Licks [liks*], used for a beating,
and implying desert; but this
formation of the substantive by
the addition of s to the verb is a
noticeable feature in most of the
Yorkshire varieties. Wh. OL ;
gen.
Lie [lee-], a dark natural speck
on a tooth ; gen.
Lieve. See Leath.
Lig [lig'], v. n. and v. a. to lie,
or lay. Wh. OL ; gen. The
past participle of the neuter verb
is often heard as lain [li'h'n,
le-h'n (ref.)], and that of the
active verb as laid [Irh'd, le'h'd
(ref.)], but these distinctions are
not really recognised; and fre-
quently ligged [ligd-] is sub-
stituted for both. Liggen is
employed, too, usually before a
pronoun followed by a prepo-
sition, or an adverb. This is
especially the case when these
parts end a sentence. ' How
have you laid it?' (or 'him,'
'her,' or 'those'?) [Oo'z tu
lig-u'n it-, inr, aor', dhinr].
'I have laid it down, on one
side" ' (sideways) [Aa'v lig'u'n t
doo'n, u yaa- saa'd]. Lig is
used in the sense of to bet, or
wager, and is sometimes, in easy
talk, heard as a substantive.
' He 's got a lig on it ' [Iz* git'u'n
u lig' on* t], has got a bet on it.
Lig-abed [lig'ubed], lay-in-bed,
applied to a late riser. Wh. OL ;
gen.
Light [leet 1 ], v. n. to alight ; pret.
let [let']. Also used with on
following, with the varied but
allied meaning of, to succeed ; to
fare well, or ill. ( ' He 's letten on
badly ' [Eez' let'u'n on' baadli].)
When have or has is joined to a
pronoun, in connection with
either of these forms, the par-
ticiple takes en. But in the case
of the first form, this is quite a
permissible feature, and, in the
last, is very rarely omitted. The
Wh. GL notes these various
forms, adopting light [la'yt'
(ref')] for the spelling of the
verb, which is much used east
and north - east (pp. [lit'u'n,
76
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
let'u'n]), but the true dialect
form, constantly heard in north,
mid., and south Yorkshire, has
[ee] for the vowel.
Lightening [leet-nin]. Any in-
gredient for raising dough goes
by this name. Wh. Ol. ; Mid.
The more used and general term
is rising [raa'zin, raayz'in].
Lightsome [leet'sum], adj. 'lively,
frolicsome.' Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Like [laa'k, la'yk', leyk], adv.
likely. Wh. Ol. ; gen. The
two last pronunciations are re-
fined. This word undergoes
many changes. Like, adj. has
its comparative in liker [laa'kur],
and its superlative in likest
[laa'kist]. It has also its posi-
tive in a less degree, likish
[laa'kish]. The same with re-
gard to likely [laa'kli], when an
adjective, which is absolute in a
less degree in likelyish [laa'k-
lish], meaning a little, or some-
what likely. The positive of this
word is also formed by the addi-
tion of 6 likelys ; comp. like-
ly ser[laa'klizur], liker [laa'kur];
super, likely sest [laa'klkizt],
likerest [laa'kurizt], likest
[laa-kizt]. 'I shall be like to
go ' [Aa- su'l bi laa'k tu gaang'].
Here, the word has the meaning
of necessitated; implying a soft
resolve, and hardly having its
equivalent in any standard Eng-
lish form. It has also the mean-
ing of alike. ' They were like as
two twins' [Dhe waa laa'k uz'
twi'h' twinz*]. The word also
joins itself to several prepositions
idiomatically. * There 's nothing
like to it ' [Dhi'h'z naowt' laa'k
tiv t]. ' I am like for to go ' [Aa'z
laa'k fu tu gaang'], must of neces-
sity go (with the implied meaning
remarked on above). * He would
not go like through that' [Ee
waad'u'nt gaang' laa'k thruof-
dhaat'], like from that ; because
of that ; or, for that reason. ' I
never saw the like on it' [Aa'
ni'h'r see'd t laa'k on* t], of it;
never saw its like. Here s is
added to the substantive, with
great frequency. The same pre-
position is also employed with
increased idiom. * He seemed
to like on it ' [Ee si'h'md tu laa'k
on' t], seemed to like it. The 8,
as a rule, follows when by occurs
idiomatically. ' I never saw the
likes by him' [Aa' nivu see'd
t laa'ks biv inv], never saw his
like; or, anything to compare
with him. Like, also, at times,
E recedes prepositions, in a sense-
3ss, superfluous way enough to
the eye, but, in connection with
the tone usual to this peculiar
position, reducing their abrupt-
ness. * They are like against
one another, as it is' [Dhur*
laa'k ugi'h'n yaan' unidh'u, uz*
it' :Lz], are as those who are
against, or have a pique against
each other, as it were. This
usage is, however, but slight
compared with its position at the
end of a sentence, as an exple-
tive. 'It was there, .like' [It*
waa dhi'h', laa'k]. 'Happen,
like' [Aap'u'n, laa'k], perhaps
so. And in a multitude of sen-
tences; the word being always on
the tongue. Like is also used im-
personally, with s added. ' If it
likes them to do it, why, let them
do it ' [If- it- iaa-ks urn- tu di'h't,
w.aa'yu 'lit' urn* di'h't]. The
addition is also usual to likeli-
hood [laa'kli:uodz], but this sub-
stantive has a much more used
equivalent in likliness [laa'kli-
nus].
Likes [laa'ks], v. a. to like (but
not used in the infinitive) ; gen.
The a is added by custom, to
many common verbs, as dare
[daa'z], know [naolr'z], love
[luovz-], think [thing'ks], do
[diz-], feel [filr'lz], say [sih'V],
and very many more in the
present tense of the indicative.
[This final s is really the old
Northumbrian inflexion, still re-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
77
tained in the commoner verbs, as
being the oldest and most im-
portant. See Morris, Hist. Out-
lines of Eng. Accidence, pp. 41
_44._W. W. S.]
Lillylow pil'iLaow, l:aoh', lao-],
' the child's designation of the
fire, or a light in general.' Wh.
GL ; gen. The last termination
is the refined. See Low. [Lilly-
low = a little blaze. It is merely
low with the Danish lille, little,
prefixed. The Danish would be
en lille lue. This is my con-
jecture. W. W. S.]
Lim'er [linvur], the shaft of a
vehicle a limber. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Limber [lim-bur, linvur], adj.
flexible, pliant. Applied to
material. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Limp [limp'], a miner's hand-
shovel, for separating the ore
and dirt while in the sieve ; Nidd.
Lin [Hn*], sb. and adj. linen ; gen.
'A Zm apron' [U lin' aap-run].
' A lin cap ' [U lin' kaap-]. There
is no distinction of form between
the adjective and substantive. \_Lin
was formerly the substantive only,
and is preserved in lin-seed.
W. W. S.]
Ling [ling*], moor-heath. Wh.
Gl.; gen.
Ling [ling*], the name of a large
sea-fish. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ling-nail [ling*-ne"h'l] ; or Lin-
nail [lin*-ne"h'l] (Wh. GL},
linch-pin; gen.
Lingy [Inrji], adj. strong; active;
Mid.
Lit-an'-lat [lit'-un-laat-], v. n. to
skulk about, with a questionable
purpose; to idle away time.
* There was somebody lilting an'
lotting about our house- end at
the fore of the evening was it
thee?' [Dhih-' wu suo'mbudi
lit'in un' laat'in uboot' oor' oo's-
ind' ut t faor ut' ee'n waar it-
dhoo'?]. 'What's thou litting
an' lotting at there ? get to thy
work ! ' [Waats* 'dhoo' lit'in un*
laat'in aat* dhih'' ? git* ti dhi
waa'k !]. To native ears, the
last word is usually associated
with late [le'h't], to seek; and
the first is taken as meaning to
pry, or listen.
Lith [licUr], muscle, or sinew.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Lithe [laa-dh, laaydh'], v. a. and
v. n. The Wh. Gl. has, "to
thicken broth with oatmeal-
paste, called the ' lithing* "
The word is in general use,
and is employed when any kind
of liquid (milk, gruel, &c.) is,
while simmering over the fire,
made thick with meal of any
description.
Liwer [livu], v. a. to deliver.
A much-used form. ' Livvering
out' [livu'rin -oot'], serving out.
' To livver up ' [Tu livu'r uop'],
to surrender. Livverance [livu'r-
uns], deliverance, or release.
Wh. Gl.; gen. The word is,
however, not used in all the
senses belonging to its equivalent.
It would not be used in the sense
of to rescue.
Load-saddle [luoh''d-, le'h'd-
saadu'l], a wooden pack-saddle.
Wh. Gl.; gen. The last pro-
nunciation is favoured by old
people, and the long vowel is
usual.
Lobby [lob'i]. A room of any kind
is thus alluded to, familiarly;
Mid.
Lobster-louse [lob'st'u-loo-s], a
wood-louse. TFTi. /. ; Mid.
Lode-tree [le-h'd-t'ree" (and) t'ri],
the two cross bearers which form
part of cart-shelvings ; gen.
Lof [laof-], adj. In Nidderdale,
occasionally heard for low, as is
loffer [laofur], for lower.
Lof -hole [laof-uo-h'l], a small
natural opening ; Nidd.
78
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Loggin [login], a bundle of long
straw; Mid.
Lointer [luo'h'nt'ur, laoynt'ur],
v. n. loiter ; Mid.
Lollops [lol-ups] ; or Lallops
[laal'ups], an idle, unwieldy
girl. Wh. Ql. ; gen. Lollop
is in use as a neuter verb. L.al-
lopy (Wh. Gl.} [laal-upi], adj. is
also in use ; as are adjectives with
their usual ending.
Longcatcher [laang -kaatchur] ,
applied to a person too easily
frightened; Mid. 'Thou great
langcatching buzzard ! ' ['Dhoo'
gri'h'tlaang-kaatchin "buoz'ud !]
A figure obviously taken from,
those games in which a weighty
ball plays a part.
Loning [laon-in,loirin, luo'h'niii],
lane; gen. The two first are
the refined pronunciations, but
much used. This substantive
takes a variety of forms. Thus :
[Iiuoh-'n, luo-h'n] are heard over
a very wide N. and N.E. area.
[Lau-n] is the market - town
form, north and east. [Lu'
extreme north, refined. [Iii-h'n_
the broad form of the north-
riding. [Lao-n, laon-, Ion 1 ]
Mid - Yorkshire. [Luoir] over
the same area. [Laon-in, lon--
in] over the same, and north-
wards. [Loan-] an intermediate
form, heard about Richmond.
The town forms of ' lane ' are
chiefly : [Lao-yn, laoyn-] Leeds
and Bradford districts, &c. ; and
[Lai-n] Halifax and Dewsbury
districts, &c., with an usual
change of vowel to [e'] under
certain conditions. This form
[le'n] becomes the refined one,
too, in the last districts. But
the more common refined one,
general, too, to town and country,
is [Le'h-'n], This is heard, too,
at Dewsbury, where the dialect
is in mixed character.
Lop [lop-], a flea. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Loppard [lop-ud], adj. The Wh.
Gl. has "flea-bitten," and this
may, in Mid-Yorks. and else-
where (the word is general to
the county), be the true mean-
ing, but it is rarely, if ever, the
direct one. It is used of any
filthy person or object, vaguely.
When the kind of attack indi-
cated is apparent, and calls for
remark, loppard is not used, but
' lop-bitten ' [lop'-bitu'n].
Lopper'd [lop-ud], adj. curdled.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Also a v. a.
Lore [le-h'r (refined), Irh'r],
learning. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Lost [lost-, luost-], adj. The
Wh. GL has two common
phrases : " They 're lost i' muck"
[Dheh"' lost" i muok-] ; " We 're
lost i' thrang" (throng) [Wi'h'
lost" i t'raang'] explaining the
first by "infested; " and the last
by "'over head and ears' in
business." But, in each case,
the word seems employed figur-
atively, in the sense of hid, and
is so heard in other parts of the
county
Louk [laowk*, look'], v. a. and
sb. to weed. This term is most
usual in relation to field-labour.
It is, however, much more used
as a verb than dock and docken
(which see). See, also, Wick,
Wicken.
Lound [laownd-, loond-], adj. used
of the weather when, with a
touch of warmth, it is bright,
and almost breezeless. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. The refined form [luwnd]
is much heard. [The Icel. lygn,
Swed. lugn, Dan. hum, signify-
ing calm, are chiefly used of
winds and waves. W. W. S.]
Lounder [laown-d'ur, loon-d'ur],
v. a. to beat. Wh. GL ; gen.
The refined form of this word
[luwnd'ur] is even more used.
Loup [laowp-], v. n., v. a., and
sb. to leap. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
79
Low [laow], a flame. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Also, as a verb impers., for
the noise made by a flame. See
Lillylow.
Lowse [laows'], adj. and sb. loose.
The Wh. Gl. has 'loose in all
senses.' The verb is distinctly
marked, however, throughout the
county, by a change of the final
consonant [laowz-]. A refined
form y.aoh <; z] is also greatly
used. As a substantive lowse
is heard in such a sentence as,
' He is going on the loose again '
[Eez' gaain ut' laows' ugrh'n],
perhaps a slang term. Lowse
at Heft [laows' ut eft'], a scape-
grace. Wh. GL; gen. Also,
adjectivally.
Lowsing [laow'zing], a loose
fellow; gen.
Lowter [laowt-'ur], v. n. to idle ;
Mid. ' To go and lowter thy
time away for three clock hours
woe worth t' skin o' thee ! '
[Tu gaan' un' laowt''ur dhi
taa'm uwi'h' fur' 'thraey 'tick*
uo'h'z -we'll' 'wotlr t -skin' ao
dhu!]
Lowze [laowz'], loose, in the sense
of a disclosure, or revelation.
'What a lowze!' [Waat' u
laowz']. Wh. GL; Mid.
Lowze [laowz'], a sudden lunging
blow. Wh. GL ; Mid. Also, as
a verb active.
Lowzening [laowz-nin], a trade-,
or similar feast. Also, in the
sense of dispersion. Wli. Gl. ;
gen.
Lowze out [laowz- (ref. [laoh-'z])
oot'], v. a. to unloose, or open
out in any way; to disband, or
disperse ; as when the ' church
lowzes ' [chaoch- laowzizjor lowz-
ens' [laowz'u'nz]. The Wh. GL
supplies an apt illustration in,
" * It's time to get lowzened out'
[Its' taa'm tu git' laowz'u'nd
oot'], time to get the shop
opened ; " gen.
Lufe [liwf'], the open hand.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Lug [luog-], the ear; gen. to the
county. Wh. GL It is very
common as a verb, too. ' He
was bown to lug me' [Ee 4 wur-
boo'n tu luog' mu], going to
pull my ear. ' Mother, take the
bairn's hands away ; it 's lugging
of me ' [Muod-'ur, taak' t
be'h'nz aanz* uwi'h' ; itz* luogin
ao mu]. As a noun, lug is ap-
plied to any ear-shaped kind of
handle. The head of a shep-
herd's crook is called a lug.
' Thick i' 1' lug,' hard of under-
standing.
Lult [luolt-], v. n. to idle ; Mid.
Lum [luom*], a chimney; Mid.
Also, a lode ; Nidd.
Lum'erly [luonruli], adj. 'awk-
ward, cumbrous.' Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Luther [luodh-ur] ; or Lother
[lodh'ur], v. impers. to seethe,
and substantively , for a seething
state; gen.
Mad [maad-], an earthworm; Mid.
Mad [maad'], adj. angry ; gen. to
the county. This is also an
' Americanism.' In one of Mr
Beecher's sermons, he begins a
tale about himself in the follow-
ing words: 'I remember being
very mad once when I was a
boy,' employing the term merely
in the sense of being angry.
Maddle [maad-u'l], v. a. to be-
wilder. ' I was so maddled I
could hardly bide' [Aa* wur'
se'h' 'maad'u'ld Aa* kud* aa'dli
baa-d]. ' My head aches, and
feels fair (quite) maddled ' [Maa*
yi'h'd waa'ks, un' fee'ls fe'h'r
maad'u'ld].
Madge [maaj'], applied to one
who is the clown or buffoon of a
party, but chiefly heard of the
person in this character who ac-
companies the ' plough-stots,' on
80
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Twelfth-day, as in Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Maffle [maaf-u'l] ; or Maft
[maaft-], v. a. to stifle one's-self ;
gen.
Mai'n [me'h'n], a spell, or turn at
labour; Mid. 'I've had hard
mai'n to get my dinner down to-
day' [Aa'v ed' aa'd me'h'n tu
git* mi din-u doo'n tu-di'h']. ' I
generally have a bit of a mai'n at
the newspaper when I go to York'
[Aa* jen'u'H ev u bit' uu me'h'n
ut ni'hzpe"h'pu wen- Aa' gaanz'
tu 'Yur'k, (also) Yu'k]. * There
are such mai'ns between them'
[Dhuz- 'sa'yk me'h'nz utwi'h'n
urn*]. The s is also usual in the
singular form.
Mains [me'h'nz], employed as a
noun-adjective; Mid. 'The place
was mains full' [T' pli'h's wur
me'h'nz fuo'l], in great part full.
'T' mains of a hundred' [T
me'h'nz u u uo'h'ndhud], the
most of a hundred.
Mainswear [me-h'nsw:ih'], v. a.
and v. n. to forswear. Wh. Gl.;
Mid. [A.S. mdn-swerian, to
forswear ; from mdn, evil.
W. W. S.]
Maistlings [me-h'stlinz], adv.
mostly. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Another
usual form merely acquires a
with the adverb proper.
Mak [maak'], make, shape, kind
or variety. ' All maks an' man-
ders' [Yaal* maaks* u'n maan'-
d'uz], all makes and manners.
Wh. GL; gen. The verb has
the same pronunciation. The
following announcement of a
Bazaar which was to be held at
Staithes, on the north-east coast,
some years ago, is attributed to
the old bell- woman there re-
sident: 'This is to gi'e noatice,
'at ther's a Buzoon at t' Banter
Chapel; bairns' frocks, slips an'
sarks, jack-asses an' gingerbread,
an' a'll maks an' manders ' [Dhis'
iz' tu gi nuo'h'tis ut* dhuz' u
Buzoo'n ut' Baan't'u Chaap-il;
be'h'nz fraoks* sleps' un' saa'ks
jaak'aasiz un' jin'jubri"h'd, un'
uo'h'l maaks* un' maan'd'uz],
By 'jack-asses,' toy animals of
the species is referred to.
Make [me'h'k], mate, or com-
panion; gen. [A.S. maca, a
mate, match. W. W. S.]
Mak' ing [maak -in], makeshift;
Mid. 'There's little to dinner
to-day ; it 's nought but a mak'-
ing' [Dhuz- laai tu din'u tu
di'h' ; its' naob'ut u 'maak'in].
Makings [maak-inz], has a more
refined equivalent in matters,
as used in dialect speech. ' There
are no makings of it left ' [Dhilr'z
ne'h' maak'inz u it' lif't], there
are no matters of it, or any-
thing of consequence, left. ' No
makings; let us go' [Ne'h'
maak'inz; lits' gaang'], no
matter ; let us go.
Mak sharp ! [maak' shaa-p ! (and)
shelr'p !] interj. make sharp, i. .
make haste. _ Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
form is also in common use as a
verb neuter. ' If thou maks sharp
thou '11 get it; and if thou doesn't
thou won't' [If* dhoo maaks*
shaa-p dhuol' git' it' ; un' if'
dhoo diz'u'nt dhoo win'ut].
Mak-shift [maak'-shift], an ex-
cuse. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Mally [Maal'i], Martha ; gen.
Mancatcher [maan-kaachur], a
constable ; Mid. Old people use
this word.
Mang [maang-], v. impers. to mix;
and substantively, for a rough
mixture, or mash; Mid. 'It
mangs well ' [It maangs- weel].
As a substantive, applied to *a
mash of bran, malt,' &c., the
word occurs in the Wh. GL
Marl [maai], sb. and v. imp.
sleet; gen.
Marrish [maarish], a marsh.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Marrjw [maaru], v. a., v. n.,
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
81
and sb. match. Wh. GL ; gen.
But a much more used word
than its equivalent. * They are
marrows in bone-idleness ' [Dhur
maar'uz i beh*'n-aa - du'lnus], are
equals in being thoroughly idle.
* Marrows well met' [Maar'uz
weel met'], equals, or fellows
well met,
Marry ! [maari !] a common term
of asseveration, always on the
lips. ' Aye, marry I ' [Aey
maari], ' Nay, marry I ' [Nih*'
inaari] , ' Marry, bairn ! ' [Maari,
be'h'n], ' Marry, me ! ' [Maari,
mee* (and) m:e-y]. Wh. GL ; gen.
Mask [maask*], v. a. to mash, or
infuse; Mid.
Mauf [mao'h'f], the usual designa-
tion of a companion or an asso-
ciate. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Mauls [mao'h'lz], the herb marsh-
mallows; gen.
Maum [maoh''m], adj. said of
fruit in an over-dry, ill-flavoured
state. Wh. GL ; gen.
Maund [mao'h'nd], a large open
hand-basket. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Maunder [mao'h'nd' ur], v. n. used
in the various senses of to mur-
mur, to mutter, or to grumble
in a low tone. Wh. GL (parti-
ciple) ; gen. See Meander.
Maunge [mao'h'nj], untoward,
confused accident; Mid. (The)
' table fell over, with the break-
fast things on, that had never
been sided (put away) yet, and
made such a maunge as never '
[Ti-h'bu'l fel- aowh'r, wiv t
brik'us thingz* aon% ut* ed*
ni'h'r bin' saa'did yit', un'
mi'h'd saa'k u mao'h'nj uz'
nivu].
Maunsel [mao'h'nsil], a dirty or
slatternly fat woman usually
gets this name. Wh. GL ; gen.
Maw [maoii'], the stomach ; Mid.
Mawk [mao'h'k], maggot ; gen.
to the county. Wh. GL Called
also maddock [maad'uk] ; Mid.
See Mad.
Mawky [maolr'ki], adj. peevish
and discontented ; also whim-
sical, as in the Wh. GL ; gen.
Meal [mrh'l], flour; gen. When
flour is a spoken word (not often
on the part of old people), it is
[floo'h']. Meal - man [mi'h'l-
mun, (and) mi'h'lmaan], a flour-
dealer ; also a worker in a flour-
miU.
Meander [mrh'nd'ur], v. n. to
murmur, complainingly. Also,
to whine ; Mid. See Maunder.
Mear [mi-h'r], adj. and adv.
the pronunciation of more, and
usual to the class of word. The
final letter is most frequently
discarded before a consonant ; in
a few instances it is permissible ;
gen. Mr Marshall's interpreta-
tion of this form, in the Glossary
of East Yorkshire Provincialisms
appended to the * Eural Economy
of Yorkshire' (1788), as 'the
plural of more,' is but a guess.
(See E. D. S. Gloss. B. 2, p. 33.)
In Mid-Yorkshire [mi'h'r] is the
antiquated form ; the general one
being [me-h'r] ; with [mu-r] and
[mao'h'r] for refined forms.
Mease [mrh'z], v. n. to be ab-
sent-minded; Mid. 'Somewhat
(something) ails our Nance (Ann,
familiarly), or she would never
go measing about, at all ends,
the day through ' [Suonrut
ye'h'lz uo'h' Naans', ur shud'
ni'h'r gaang* mrh'zin uboot', ut'
yaal- inz-, t drh' thruof']. The
word may be muse, the pronun-
ciation of this word being iden-
tical.
Mease [mi-h'z] ; or Measen
[mi'h'zu'n], v. n. to act sloth-
fully ; Mid. The terms are
widely applicable. When not
hungry, a person is disposed to
' measen over his meat ' [mi'h'zu'n
aowh'r iz- mi'h't].
6
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Meat [mrli't], v. a. to feed ; gen.
Heard very generally in the
county. The chief southern
pronunciation is pmeyt']. A
meal's - meat [mrh'lz - milr't]
(rural), and [m:e-ylz - nieyt']
town), is a common term, signi-
fying food enough for one meal.
Meatwhole [mih-'twaol], adj.
having a healthy appetite ; gen.
The pronunciation indicated in
the Wh. Gl. Meatheeal [mih-'t-
i'h'l], with a faint sound ap-
proaching y before the vowel in
the last part of the word, is also
very common among the Mid-
Yorkshire peasantry.
Meech [inilr'ch], v. a. and v. n.
to loiter, with stealth; to idle
about, ashamedly ; Mid. [Fa-
miliar in the South of England
in the form mich [mich].
W. W. S.]
Meeterly [mee't'uli], adv. in a
fair state ; gen. * A meeterly
body' is a person whose trim,
becoming appearance inspires
one with a pleasant feeling.
Mell [mel-], a mall. Wh. Gl ;
gen.
Mell [mel-], v. n. meddle; gen.
Let him mell of (with) his
marrow, and none be always
agate of the likes of that larl one '
[Lir* im' mel* uv iz* 'maar'u,
uir ne'h'n bi yaal'us uge'h't ut*
laa'ks u 'dhaat' laa'l un*], let him
meddle with his match, and not
be always assailing such as that
little one.
Mellhead [mel'yih'd], a block-
head. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Mell -shaft [mel- - shaaft], the
harvest- sheaf; gen. This con-
sists of the last 'sicklefuT of
corn, which has been left stand-
ing for the farmer himself to cut.
The sheaf being made, it is set
up, and the harvesters, gathering
round, repeat together doggrel
verses, like the following, intro-
ducing the farmer's name :
'A B .'s gitten all shorn an'
inawn,
All but a few standards, an' a bit
o' lowse corn.
We hev her, we hev her, fast in
a tether ;
Come, help us to ho'd her
Hurra ! hurra ! hurra ! '
[ z git'u'n yaal f shao'h'n un'
mao'h'n,
Ao'h'l buod- u fiw st'aan'd'udz, un'
u bit' u laow's kuo'h'n.
Wi ev u, wi ev u, faast' i u
ted-'u ;
Kuonr, elp' uz 1 tu aod*' u
Uo're* ! uo're* ! uo-re' !]
Another variation is :
1 Well bun' (bound), and better
shorn, is Farmer 's corn ;
We hev her, we hev her, as fast
as a feather
Hip, hip, hurrah ! '
[Weei buon'un' bet-'u shuo'h'niz*
Faa'mu z kuo'h'n ;
Wi ev u, wi ev* u, uz % faast* uz g u
fid*'u
Ip' ip' uo-re-].
And up go caps, hoods, and
aprons. There are other versions
of this * nomony,' but none differ
materially. In some localities,
the mell-shaft is the prize in a
race restricted to the harvest-
women; the victorious runner
bearing it on the waggon, in
triumph. This sheaf is allowed
to dry, then it is ' hulled '
stripped of its husk, that is and
the ' me7Z-cake ' is prepared from
it. These customs are greatly on
the wane, and their observance is
due in a great measure to the
sentiment lingering among those
who remember other customs of
their youth which have died out
altogether.
Mell-supper [mel--suop-u], the
harvest- supper. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Melt [melt 1 , milt*], the roe of
fish; gen. In the Wh. Gl, ap-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
83
plied to the roe of male fish, and
employed in the plural. In
north and south Yorkshire gener-
ally, this form is most heard, but
the singular often comes into use.
It is also properly applied to male
fish, but is frequently (and by
rule in the south) used indis-
criminately.
Mense [mens*], decency ; be-
comingness ; manners. Mense-
. ful [mens'fuol], adj. Menseless
fjnens'lus], adj. unmannerly,
untidy. _ Wh. Gl.; gen. In Mid-
Yorkshire, the verb is common.
* Don't stay to mense thyself up,
now, but go ' [Duon'ut strh' tu
mens* dhisen* uop*, noo, bud*
gaan*]. For * stay,' in this sen-
tence, many speakers would as
freely employ ' bide ' [baa'dj. ' I
would try and make mense of it
of some road' [Aa'd t'raa* un*
maak* mens' aoh*'t iv* suonr
ruo'h'd, (also) r:e*h'd], I would
try and give it a presentable
appearance in some way.
Mere [mrh'r], beard, at times,
applied to ground permanently
under water. Sodden, reedy
ground a marsh proper is a
* marrish.' But the usual word
for anything like a pond is dike
[da'yk] and [daa'k] ; although
the word itself [paownd] is much
used; Mid.
Messpot [mrh'spot], an iron
vessel, used for boiling messes
of porridge, &c. ; gen.
Met [met*], a measure of two
bushels. Met - poke [met*-
puo*h'k], a bag adapted to con-
tain the quantity. Wh. GL ;
Mid. The term is, at times,
applied to a measure of one
bushel.
Mew [miw] ; or Meaf [mrh'f] ;
or Miff [mif], a mow. Only
the first form is associated with
the participle ; the mmu itself
being usually called the meaf,
in Mid- Yorks., and miff in Nid-
derdale ; though in each locality
that end of the barn where the
produce is stacked is called 't'
m ew end.'
Mickle [mik-u'l], sb., adj., and
adv. much; large. Mickle-sized'
[mik'u'l-saa'zd], large-sized. ' A
mickle o' ' [U mik-u'l u], a great
deal of. * A went mickle ' [U
went* mik'u'l], a very large,
' Mickle wad hae mair ' [Mik-u'l
waad' ae me'h'r], much would
have more. MickVish [mikiish],
rather large. Wh. Gl. ; gen,
Muckle {muok'u'l] is also em-
ployed, chiefly as a substantive^
and it is usual to hear the terms
in opposition. The proverbial
phrase quoted above would
hardly, as it stands, carry point
to Mid- Yorkshire ears. ' Mickle
wad hae muckle, an' muckle wad
hae mair' would meet with a
better appreciation.
Mickle-well [mik-u'l-wee*l], adj.
very much ; gen. ' I 's mickle-
weel obliged ' [Aa'z mik'u'1-weei
ublee'jd], I am very much
obliged.
Midden [mid'in], a dust-hole ; a
dunghill. Middenstead [midin-
sti"h'd], the receptacle in use.
Wh. GL; gen.
Midden [mid'u'n], prep, amid;
gen. ' I found a goose egg mid-
den the straw-bands ' [Aa* faan*d
u gi'h's :e'gg mid'u'n t st'ri'h'-
bu'nz].
Middleing [midiin], a miner's
term for a place which has been
worked on all sides ; Nidd.
Miff [mif'], a fit of pettish anger ;
Mid.
Mill [mil*], v. n. and v. a. to
shrink, or wither. Applied to
persons and things, as in the
Wh. Gl., where the past part.,
joined to in, is exampled. The
verb is also usually followed by
in, to, or up ; Mid.
84
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Mill-race [mil'-rih's], mill-dam;
Mid.
Minch. [minslr], sb. and v. a.
mince ; gen. ' Minch - pie '
[Minsh - paa'] . ' Minch - meat '
[minsh*-mi''h't]. Common, also,
to town dialect. [Minch -paa -y],
[Minch '-meyt] (Leeds).
Mind [maa'nd], v. a. to remember;
to remind ; to tend, or superin-
tend ; to be unmindful, or heed-
less of ; gen. ' Does thou mind
what the schoolmaster said to
thee yesterday, Will', when thou
couldn't spell ? * ' I mind nothing
about it ; I 've clean forgotten it '
[Diz' dhoo maa'nd waat* t ski'h'l-
m:eh'st'u sid* tu dhae* yis't'u-
du, Wil*, win' dhuo kuod'u'nt
spel'd'u ? Aa* maa'ndz naowt*
uboot- it. Aa'v tli'h'n fugit'u'n
t]. 'Well, mind him of it, if
you go, if you please' [Weel',
maa'nd inr on't gin' yi gaan',
un' yu pli-h'z]. Said a little girl,
on a river-packet, that plies for
a few miles up the Ouse from
York, on market-days: [Maanr,
tits' maa-nd yaan' unidh'ur, ur'
wi su'l' be'h'th git* d'roon'did],
1 Mother, let us take care of one
another, or we shall both get
. drowned/ * Minding the bairns
and the house '[Maa'ndin tbe'h'nz
un' t oos'], tending the children
and taking care of the house.
[Maa'nd aof' !], mind off! = take
care!
Minler [miniur], miller; gen.
In the north, milner [mil'nur] is
often heard, but this is not a cha-
racteristic pronunciation.
Mint [mint'], v. a. to suggest ob-
scurely, or intimate by gesture ;
Mid. [' You should have minted
at it,' meaning, ' You should
have reminded me of it,' was
said to me last month (June,
1876), in Cambridge. It is pos-
sible that the speaker may have
come from the North, though
now resident here. It is the
A.S. myntan, to shew, declare.
W. W. S.]
Misbelieve [misbilrli'v], v. a.
and v. n. to misunderstand ; Mid.
Mischieves [mis'chr-h'vz], the
way mischief is treated; Mid.
This is occasionally employed as
a plural form, but at all
times takes the indefinite article.
' He '11 do one a mischieves if lie
can any way : mischief's in him '
[Eel* drh' yaan' u mis'chi"h'vz
if i kaan' aon'i wi'h'z mis'-
chi"h'fs i inr].
Misfitten [misfit'u'n], adj. dis-
proportioned. [Misfet'u'n], p. t. ;
Mid.
Misken [misken'], v. a. and v. n.
to misunderstand, or miscon-
ceive ; to mistake. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. The word is also in some
use, or, rather, play, as a sub-
stantive. ' It was a misken ' [It'
waar u misken'].
Mislest [mislest*], v. a. to molest ;
gen. There is also an inclina-
tion to adopt [i] for the second
vowel.
Mislook [misli'h'k], v. a. to over-
look, neglectively ; Mid.
Mismense [mismens'], v. a. to
soil, or sully ; to render untidy.
The past part, is exampled in
the Wh. GL The verb is quite
as freely employed in Mid-Yorks.
See Mense.
Misreckon [misrik'u'n], v. a. to
miscalculate; gen.
Mis-sort [misuo'h't, (and) s:e-h't],
v. a. to mistrust ; Mid.
Mistetch [misteclr], v. a. mis-
train, or niisteach. Wh. GL past
part.; Mid.
Moil [mao'yl], v. n. and sb. to
toil unremittingly; gen. [Nu-
merous examples of to moil are
given in Todd's Johnson and
Richardson. To ' toil and moil '
is not an uncommon phrase.
W. W. S.]
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
85
Molt [maoyir], a particle. Wli.
Gl ; gen.
Moke [muolv'k], sb. and v. im-
pers. cloud and dampness to-
gether ; gen.
Mol [Mol-, Maol-] ; or Pol [Pol-,
Paol'], Mary; gen.
Mollycot [moHkot] ; or Molly-
coddle [moHkodu'l], sb., v. n.,
and v. a. applied to a male
person who engages in house-
hold work. ' His wife 's an ail-
ing body (person), so he molly-
coddles himself a bit ' [Iz* waa'fs
u ye'h'lin baod'i, se*h' i mol'i-
kodu'lz izsen- u bit']. The word
is sometimes shortened to molly
[moli].
Moor [niuo'h'r], v. a. to cover, or
lumber up ; to over-wrap. ' Go
and moor the house-fire for over-
night' [Gaan- un- muo'h'r t oos*
faa*r fur' aow'h'-neet']. ' Moor
thyself up well ; it 's a cold even-
ing ' [Muo'h'r dhisen* uop' wee'l;
its- u kao-h'd ee'n (and) :i'h'n] ;
gen. Wh. GL, " Moor'd up"
also a common phrase generally.
Moot [moot-], verb impers. to
appear, or become visible, as the
large head of a nail will be likely
to do through thin wall-paper.
'It will moot through' [It' u'l
moot' thruof']. Joined to out,
as in the Wh. GL, the term is
also common ; Mid.
Mooter [moot''ur], multure. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. The miller's multure
is in kind, and a children's rhyme
runs:
Miller, miller moofer-po'ke !
Teak a laad an' stale a stro'ke! '
[Mil'ur, mil-ur moot''ur-puo'h'k,
Ti'h'k u le'h'd un- steh'l u
st'ruo'h'k].
That is, took in a ' load,' or three
bushels, of corn ; and stole a
'stroke,' or half-a-bushel, of it.
Morlock [mao-h'luk], a fraudu-
lent contrivance, or trick; Mid.
'He said that he could not re-
collect nothing (anything) about
it now. Thinks I to myself,
That's a morlock, however ' [I sed*
ut' i kuo-du'nt rik'ulek- naow't
uboot* it* noo* Thingks' Aa' tu
misen', 'Dhaats' u mao'h'luk,
oo-ivu], that is tricky, however.
Morn [muo-h'n, nurn (ref.)],
morning; morrow. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. to the county. ' I shall go
on a morn happen to-morn o'
t' morn' [Aa* su'l' gaan' uv u
muo-h'n aap-u'n tu muo'h'n ut'
maoh-'n]. The pronunciation
will be varied often in this man-
ner, but the last vowel is greatly
more characteristic of southern
speech, in which, save in parts
of the south-west of the county,
the first vowel is not used at all.
Old Mid- Yorkshire people also
vary the pronunciation of happen
(perhaps) by substituting initial
y, [yaap-u'n].
Moud [maowd], v. a. and v. n.
To moud (i. e. mould) land, is to
break up the cakes of earth in
the spring fallows, after they
have been sufficiently ' tendered '
by the winter's frost. The imple-
ment used is called a ' moudin'-
rake' [maowd-in-rr'h'k] ; gen.
Moudy-warp [maowd i-waa-'p,
maoh''di-waa-'p], a mole. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. Though [aa'] is com-
monly heard, broad dialect
speakers usually employ [e'h']
as the vowel in warp. Moudy-
hill [maowd'i-:il, maoh''di-:il],
a mole-hill. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Moun [maowir], v. n. must. This
form is used in the north-west.
In Mid-Yorkshire, and north and
east generally, maun [maoh-'n]
is used, with [muon'] when the
verb is preceded by a pronoun
and bears the stress alone. South-
ward, it is mun [mun'], and
[muon'] in emphasis ; while
south - west, two other forms
prevail, mon [maon'], and moan
[muoh''n]. See Mun.
86
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Moy [
:>y [mrao-y], adj.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
demure, coy.
Mubble [niuolru'l], a loitering
crowd, where ' everybody is in
everybody's way ' ; Mid.
Muck [nrnok-], dirt. ' It hovers
for muck ' (sleet). [It* uovuz
(also [ovuz], to a less extent) fu
muok']. Mucky [rnuoki], adj.
'foul, mean.' A ' muck-clout '
[inuok'-tloot], a cleaning-cloth.
IJ7?. Ol. ; gen. This word, much
more heard than its equivalent
n ordinary speech, is put to
considerable idiomatic use as a
verb. To * muck up ' [muok'-
uop'] is to clean up. ' Go and
muck the pantry out a bit '
[Graan* mr muok' t paan't'ri oot*
u bit*]. [Aaz* muok'in doon'],
I am cleaning down. [Wih-'
dhuz* 'maon'i dhuz' 'muck', un*
Aaz- boon' tu muok' ef't'u
ne'h'bdi], ' Where there 's (are)
many there 'smuck, and I 'm going
to muck after nobody.' The word
is much used in compounds. Here
is a scrap of juvenile conversa-
tion ;
Jack. ' "What 's thou get to thy
supper, pick ? '
Dick (ironically). As much as
has over-fetten me for my drink-
ing ' (As much as has overserved
me to, or, remains after I have
had my tea). ' What 's thou get,
reckons thou?' ('reckon,' to
pretend}.
Jack (triumphantly). * A shive
o' mwc/v-drip and bread, with a
dollop o' salt on 't ' (A cut of
bread, with burnt-dripping, and
a lot of salt on it).
[Waats' 'dhoo git' tudhisuop'u,
Dik-?
Uz* mich* uz* ez' aowh'-fet'u'n
mu fu mi d'ringk'in. Waats'
*dhoo* git', rik'u'nz-tu ?
U shaa'v u muok'-d'rip' uir
bri'h'd, wi u dol'up u sao'h't ont'].
The employment of the simple
verb may be implied for the
Whitby locality, as participial
examples are given in the glos-
sary.
Muck-jury [muok'-jiwri], " A
jury assembled on the subject of
public nuisance." Wh. Gl. In
Mid-Yorka, this sober, restricted
sense is not usual, The vowel
in the verb mock (and other simi-
lar words) is in character amongst
dialect-speakers as [uo]. But it
is not quite so full a sound as
what is commonly given to u.
Muckment [muok-ment, (and)
mint], trash of any kind. Wh.
Ol. ; gen. It is also applied op-
probriously to persons.
Muck-midden [muok'-midin],
" The manure-heap, or dust-
hole." Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Mud [rnuod 1 ], pret. might. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Muggy [muogi], adj. a weather-
term. Damp and cloudy. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. In Mid-Yorks., any-
thing damp and mouldy is spoken
of by the- term.
Mull [rniuo'l], sb. and v. a. the
fine dry mould of any decayed
substance; gen.
Mullock [muol'uk], v. a. to im-
pair by attrition; to soil; Mid.
' My clothes are as good as new
yet ; they are none (not) mul-
locked a bit ' [Maa* tli'hz iz*
uz- gi'h'd uz' ni'h' yit' ; dhur
ne'h'n muol'ukt u bit'].
Mummacks [muonruks]. Any
object which, through "defective
management, is associated with
failure, has been ' made a mum-
macks of [mi'h'd u muonruks
aon'] ; Mid. The term is one
which may be widely applied;
from the state of the household-
pudding, which has been in the
pan too long, to the state of
affairs in connection with matters
of a more generally conceded im-
port.
Mump [rnuomp-], v. a. to strike
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
87
the face with the closed fist. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. The nearer the blow
is to the mouth, the more ap-
plicable the term. The Glossary
adds the meaning ' to chew.'
In this sense, too, the term is
current throughout the county,
implying great action in the
lower part of the mouth. A
toothless person mumps his food.
When a child is bid to ' mump
up/ or eat up anything, this
must be done quickly, and no
noise made, so the lips are closed
in mastication. Mump, sb. also,
a blow on the mouth, or near to it.
Mump [rnuomp-], v. n. to sulk,
determinedly ; gen. ' One knows
their meaning by their mumping '
[Yaan- nao'h'z (or [kenz']) dhur'
mrh'nin bi dhur' muonrpin].
Mumper [muonrpur], a very
small sweet apple, of the codling
kind; Mid.
Mun [muoir], v. n. must. Munnot
[muon'ut], must not. Wh. Ol. ;
gen. See Moun
Munge [muonj*], v. a. and v. n.
to chew eagerly, or munch. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. A person is said to
munge, too, who murmurs surlily,
in an inarticulate manner.
Munse [muons*], sb. and v. n.
teasing talk ; ' chaff ; ' Mid.
Munt [muont'J, v. a. and an oc-
casional sb. to hint, or suggest,
in a coarse manner, indicating
what is meant rather more by
action of the mouth than by direct
speech ; Mid. See Mint.
Munt'e [muoirtu], vb. and pron.
must thou ; gen. This agglomer-
ation of the verb and pronoun
in the second person singular is
a common form, as may be ex-
ampled additionally in dares-thou
[daa'stu], run-thou [ruon'stu]
(imperative), look-thou [Irh'kstu]
(interj.), would-thou [waad'tu],
see-thou [sidh'u] (interj.), shalt-
thou [saal-tu], wilt-thou [wil'tu,
wit'u], comes-thou [kuomz'tu],
knows-thou [naolr'ztu], seest-thou
[seez'tu, (and) sii'h'z tu], says-
thou [sez'tu], goest-thou [gaanz*-
tu]. All these forms are heard
in rural dialect, and many more
might be added. They are equally
a feature of town dialect.
Murderful [maordufuol], adj.
murderous ; gen.
Murk [mu'k], adj. and sb. dark ;
Wh. Gl.; gen. Murkins[mu'kinz],
nightfall ; Mid. Murky [mu'kij,
adj. is in general use, with the r
often heard.
Murl [muorl', muol', imrl], v. im-
pers. to crumble, in a dry or de-
cayed state. Wh. Gl.; gen. Also,
a substantive, with one of the
two first pronunciations. See
Murlder.
Murlder [mruoid'ur, mirld'ur],
sb. is used with the same mean-
ing as Murl, which see ; gen.
Mush [muoslr], sb., v. a., and v. n.
a powdery, or pulverised state ;
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Mushy, adj.
See Bre'kly.
Mysenwards [misen'udz], adv.
towards myself ; Mid. The s is,
at times, omitted, but usually
added. * Whenever I make a
mistake it 's to mysenivards '
[Wenivur aa' maaks* u mistaak*
its' tu misen'udz].
My song ! [maa- 'saang' !] interj.
The mother's phrase ' My word ! '
suggests itself as the counterpart
of this dialect one.
Nack [naak'], a word for pig, but
usually restricted to conversation
with children ; gen. A nacky,
or nacky-pig", is a sucking-pig.
Nack-reel [naak'-ree-l], an ad-
junct of the spinning-wheel;
being a wooden wheel-like reel
which, in supplying the spinner
with yarn, nacks, or makes a
clicking kind of knock, when a
certain length has been unwound,
88
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
thus enabling the operator, with
a glance at a dial acted upon, to
ascertain the quantity of material
used. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Nacks [naaks-], a game in which
pegs of wood play a similar part
to the well-known object ' Aunt
Sally;' Mid
Naff fnaaf'J, nave, as applied to
. a wheel. Also, the navel. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Naffhead [naaf-i-h'd], a dolt.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Naffle [naaf-u'l], v. n. to trifle.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Naffy [naafi]; or Niffy-naffy
[nifi - naafi], a soft - headed
person; gen. A niffy-naffy is
one given to fussy little actions ;
going ' niffy-naffying ' about on
formal little errands, which have
no consequence. The ^ Wh. GL
has niffy-naffy, adj. in which
sense the term is also occasion-
ally heard generally.
Nag [naag-], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to make a tiresome use of the
tongue in upbraiding to gnaw,
employing the word as a figure ;
gen. ' Nag, nag, nag, thou'd
nag abody's guts out ! ' [Naag-,
naag', naag', dhoo'd naag'
ubaod'iz guots' oot'], as an un-
polished phrase runs. Nag, also,
to gnaw. ' Give f dog a bone
to nag' [Gi t dog' u be'h'n tu
naag'j.
Nagger [naag-ur], v. a. and v. n.
to complain incessantly, in a
worrying tone ; gen.
Nance [Naans-]; or Nan [Naan-],
Ann ; gen. If the person is old,
[Naan-i] is employed.
Nap [naap-], v. a. and sb. to
strike the head sharply, but not
violently, with a stick, or the
knuckles. A nodding person is
napped to keep him awake, and
a child for misbehaviour; gen
See Naup.
Nappy [naap-i], adj. testy. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Natch [naaclr], a peg, formed in
connection with solid wood, and
not cut away ; Mid.
Natter [naat-'ur], v. n. to make
incessant, fretful complaint
being quick to wound and care-
less to argue. Wh. GL part,
and adj. ; gen. to the county.
Nattle [naat'u'l], a gland or
kernel in the fat of meat. Wh.
GL ; Mid.
Nattle [naat-u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to gnaw, nibble, or make a
similar noise, with ' a light rat-
tling sound.' Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Also, substantive! y.
Naup [nao'p, naolr'p], v. a. usu-
ally the term for a knock on the
head with the end of a stick.
Nauping, a cudgelling. Wh.
GL ; gen. The last pronuncia-
tion (expressed in the Wh. GL
by 'norp'), is, in this case,
considered by speakers the vul-
gar one. Naup is also a much-
employed substantive. An ad-
jective is formed from the word,
in naupy [nao'h'pi]. 'If thou
gets a stick in thy hand thou '&
never long before thou's naupy
with it' [If- dhuo gits- u stik*
i dhi aancl' dhuoz' nivu laang'
ufuoh'' dhuoz- naoh''pi wit'],
never long before you incline
to use it. In the pronoun of
the first person it is, at times,
as in this sentence, impossible
to write the usual vowel [oo].
The English ou, in such cases,
and the u as in cut are identical
in sound dialectally the pro-
noun and the verb indicated
being sounded [dhuo] and [kuot'J
respectively. See Nap.
Nawn [nao'h'n], adj. own; gen.
An occasional form. ' Thou own
bairn o' mine!' [Dhoo' 'nao'h'n
be-h'n u maa-n !] In some sen-
tences, it would seem as if an
initial vowel merely robbed the
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
89
preceding word of an ending
consonant, as in, ' Thou 's my
nawn bairn ; ' ' Thou 's a nawn
pet' (and such must have been
the origin of the form). The
former sentence might be read
Thou's mine own bairn, but the
consequent pronunciation of mine
[maayn-] would be a remarkable
peculiarity in existing dialect
speech, and quite inadmissible
in any other similarly homely
phrase. In relation to standard
English, the form mine would of
course now be a peculiarity,
though it would once have been
correct.
Nay [ne-, ne'h', nrh'J, adv. and
adj. no, nay. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
The two first forms are the more
refined ones, but are most general
in use. The [h'J is acquired be-
fore a consonant. With refer-
ence to the last form, there is
this peculiarity in association
that it never gives way to its
own simple vowel-sound. When
a following vowel occurs, then,
instead of losing its final element
and becoming [ni*], the vowel
changes to [e']. This is abund-
antly shown in glossaries, and
by dialect- writers, who have in-
variably two ways each of spell-
ing nay when the vowel is [e],
and but one when it is [i]. There
may be observed different ways
of indicating this form, as nea,
neea, neah, neeah, neay, neaya,
and other spellings, but it will be
observed that the aim is always to
reproduce something in excess
of a simple vowel-sound. A yet
more refined form of the negative
(as employed by tradespeople,
and others) is [nao*], a form un-
affected by position.
Nay-say [ne'h'-se-h'], a refusal.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Nazz'd [naazd 1 ], past part, con-
fused through liquor " slightly
drunk 'A little in the sun.'"
Nazzy, adj. stupefied through
drink. Wh. Gl. ; gen. 'A bit
nazzy ' is the phrase employed to
express the meaning attached to
the participle.
Neabour [nrh'bur], the pronun-
ciation of neighbour; gen. In
these words of final ur the u is
practically [uo], but in unusu-
ally short character.
Neap [nrh'p], the nave of a wheel ;
Mid. Also, a three-legged rest,-
constructed of natural branches,
and used to support the shaft of
a vehicle. See Nape in E. D. S.
Glos. B. 15, p. 57.
Near. See Innear.
Nearder [nrh'd'ur], adj. com-
parative of wear; gen. Nearther
[ni'h'dhur] is also used. The
superlative has several forms:
Neardest [nrh'd'ist], Nearder-
est [nrh'd'urist], Nearther-
est [nrh'dhurist], Nearthest
[ni'h'-dhist]. When contact in
person is implied, then the super-
latives are: Nearmost [nrh'-
must], Neardermost [nrh'd'u-
must], Nearthermost [nrh'dhu-
must].
Near lings [ni-h'linz], adv. nearly.
And so in other words the ad-
verbial termination is identical.
Owerlings [aowulinz], over ;
partlings [pe'h'tlinz], partly ;
ratherlings [re'h'd'ulinz] (also,
singularly, with the short vowel
[rilr'd'ulinz]), rather ; better-
lings, better ([Its- twrh' i'h'z
un* bet*'ulinz], It's two years
and better).
Nearpoints [nrh'p:aoyiits], adv.
a term indicative of extreme
nearness; Mid. In the matter
of a bargain, two persons will
come to ' nearpoints about it/ to
the point at which the bargain
was nearest being struck. ' How
far is it from here ? ' ' Why, I
reckon of it nearpoints a mile'
[Oofaa-riz-it- fraerh'r? Wa'yh',
Aa* rik'unz on* it* nrh'piaoynts
u maa-1]. ' The place was near-
90
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
points full ' [T pli'h's wur* nih'-
p:aoynts fuo*l].
Neave [ni-h'v] ; or Neaf [nrh'f],
the fist. Wh. 61.; gen. The
first form receives the plural sign
exclusively. Neave-ful [nrh'v-
fuol]; or Neaf-ful [nrh'-fuol
(and frequently) nrh'f - fuol],
handful. Wh. GL ; gen.
Neazle [nrh'zu'l], v. n, to produce
that repressibie half -whistling
undercurrent of noise which
attends the act of sneezing ; Mid.
Neb [neb', nib*], a bill, or beak.
Applied, also, to the nose. Wh.
GL ; gen. Also, to the front or
extending part of a cap, hat, or
bonnet.
Neckabout [nek'uboot] ; or
Neckinger [nek'inju], a neck-
handkerchief. Wh. Gl. The first
term is general ; the last a Mid-
Yorks. Other names belonging
to this locality are [nekaang*-
kuochu] and [nekaang'kichu],
the last being refined. A com-
mon kind of neckerchief is usu-
ally awarded the name of ' neck-
clout' [nek'-tloot].
Need [rirh'd], adv. needs; Mid.
'He must need go' [I muon*
iii-h'd gaang'].
Neese [nrz], sb. and v. a. noose ;
gen.
Neest [ni'st] ; or Ne'st [nrh'st],
adj. and adv. next. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Nep [nep-], a small remaining
part; gen. Lit. a nip, a pinch.
'There isn't a nep left' [Dhur
iz-u'nt u nep' left']. Also nep-
ping [nep -in]. See Nip.
Nep [iiep-] ; or Nipe [na'yp-],
v. a. " To crop with the teeth
and lips, as sick cattle which
pick a little hay from the hand."
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also freely used
of persons, as those who, in ill-
ness, do little more than taste
their food. The first form is
of shears
' or weed-
Lit. nips,
employed substantively in each
case. See Nip.
Neps [neps'], a kind
employed in ' lookin,
ing the corn-fields.
or nippers.
Neuk [niwk 1 ], nook ; a corner,
of any kind. ' T' neuk-shop '
[T niwk'-shop'], the corner-shop.
'T' poke-neuk* [T puoh*'k-niwk'],
the corner of the poke, or bag.
Wh. GL ; gen. This is a much
heard but not the characteristic
pronunciation, which is [nilr'k].
These forms can only be written
with a short vowel hesitatingly.
The vowel is, in each case, fre-
quently heard long, and perhaps
quite as often with a medial
sound as a short one. It may
also be noted, that in such words
as ' shop ' one almost slips into
writing [uo] for the vowel. On
the part of speakers there is a
constant tendency to this sound
when o occurs between con-
sonants ; and, in many words, as
in bonnet [buon'it], the change
is absolute and unvarying on the
part of those who adhere to the
dialect. In refined dialect the
vowel changes to [u], as in
sorroiv [sum], fork [fu'k], morn
[mu'n], forlorn [fuhrn]. There
is this change, too, with the
diphthong oit, as inmourn [mu'n].
In making these remarks one can-
not avoid indulging in repetition,
but the notes may be allowed to
stand because the tendency and
actual change indicated affects
the dialect remarkably, and yet
has never met with the slightest
recognition.
Neil kin [niwk -in]. A neukin
proper is well explained in the
Wh. GL :" The corner on both
sides the fire - place in old-
fashioned country houses, where
the fire is kindled on the hearth,
and a bawk or beam for the
mantel-piece overarches it the en-
tire width of the room. Within
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
91
this expansive recess, a seat of
stone, or a settle of wood appears
on both hands ; " gen. There is
this arrangement intact yet in
many houses, far and wide, and
there are few old tenements with-
out some modification of it in
one or another apartment. But
whether semblance remains or
does not remain, a ' langsettle '
[laang'setu'l] and the chimney-
corner constitute ample material
for ensuring at least the name of
neukin for every fire-side. There
may be an improved fire-grate
and an oven in the way, with
the domain of the settle usurped
by a chair, and yet there will be
the neukin and a place of honour
left.
Never heed [nivur ee'd, neer
ee'd, (also, in each case) ih*'d],
v. a. and v. n. Wh. GL ; gen.
to the county. The forms are
about equally in use. The ex-
planatory phrase [nivur (or
[neer % ]) maa'nd] is as much in
use, too.
Nevil [nevil, nivil, (and occa-
sionally) n:i'h'vil, nilr'vil], v. a.
to beat with the fist. Wh. GL
past and pres. parts. ; gen. See
Neave.
Newery-day [niwu'ri-drh'], the
familiar designation of New-
Year's day ; Mid.
Nib [nib-], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to nibble ; Mid.
Nick [nik*], an open crack of
any kind ; gen. ' My hands are
nicked with the frost ' [Maa*
aanz* ur* nikt' wiv* t fruost'],
cracked, or chapped with the
frost.
Nicker [nik'ur], v. n. and sb. to
neigh ; Mid. Wh. GL pres. part.
Nine [n:aa-fu'l], v. n. to trine ;
Mid. Wh. GL pres. part.
Niggle [nig-u'l] ; or Naggle
[nag'u'l], v. n. to haggle. ' Don't
go and let him niggle and naygle
it away from thee ' [Delr'nt gae
un* lit' inr nig'u'l un* naag-u'l
t uwi'h' fre-h' dhu]. Niggler
[nig'lur], and occasionally nag-
g-ler [naagiur], are employed
substantively for haggler. Thd
Wh. GL has niggling [nig'lin],
pres. part ; Mid.
Nildernalder [nilxTunaal-d'u],
v. n. to pace along idly, allowing
the attention to be diverted at
random ; Mid. Wh. GL pres.
part.
Nim [ninr], v. n. and adj. to pace
along quickly, with a light step ;
Mid. Wh. GL pres. part, and
adj. In Mid-Yorks. the parti-
ciple is not much resorted to.
A speaker would, as a rule, in
this case, prefer changing the
antecedent verb so that a princi-
pal one might have play, and
instead of saying, ' The old lady
goes nimminy along' (Wh. GL],
would say, 'The old lady does
nim along' [T aolr'd Irh'di 'diz*
ninv ulaang"].
Nim [nim'], v. a. to pick up
hastily, or snatch ; to steal, with
a quick movement; Mid. Wh.
GL pres. part., associated with
up, which, in Mid-Yorks. dialect,
is not a necessary adjunct.
Ninny [nhri], v. n. and sb. to
whinny ; Mid.
Nip [nip*, naep* (ref.)], v. a., v. n.,
and sb. to pinch; gen. See Nep.
Nippin [nip in], a small nugget ;
Nidd.
Nip-raisin [nip'-re"h'zin], a stingy
salesman ; one who is barely just
towards the buyer. Wh. GL ;
gen. Nip-curn [nip'-kaon],
nip-currant, is also employed.
In this word the r is frequently
trilled; but on occasions is as
distinctly without the letter.
For *nip, split [splet'J is sub-
stituted, at times, to express a
like meaning.
Nip -screed [nip--skree"d] ; or
92
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Nipskin [nip'-skin], a niggard.
Wh. Gl. The first (lit. a nip-
shred} is a general term ; the
last a Mid-Yorks. With refer-
ence to this term, the Wh. Gl.
explains: "One who infringes
on another's dues or borders, as
the term screed implies ; one who
' cuts beyond the edge of his own
cloth.' " Another signification
may be added. A screed is usually
not intended to be of a width
which may be ' screeded ' again, to
be made but ' a band ' of, as a
country speaker would say ; but
this is an operation which, cir-
cumstances allowing, may be
supposed to engage the thoughts
of a nip-screed. Nipper [nip-ur]
is also in use generally, with a
similar meaning.
Nit [nit-] ; or Nut [nuot-], adv.
not ; gen. The last form is
general to the county*
Nither [nidh'ur], v. a. to starve
to trembling, with cold ; gen. * I
am nithered with cold ' [Aa'z
nidh-ud wi kao'h'd]. Nether
[nedh'ur] is also an occasional
pronunciation. Wh. Gl. past and
pres. parts.
Nitter [nit-'ul v. n. to titter:
Mid.
Nizzle-toppin [niz-u'1-topin], an
actively - inclined, but weak -
minded person ; Mid.
Nobbut See Nought but.
Nodder [nod-'ur], v. n. to be in a
visible state of tremor, from the
head downwards. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Noddle [nod-u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to nod, with a quick convulsive
motion. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Used,
also, substantively , for the head.
Noddy [nodi]; or Anoddy
[unod'i], adj. alone; Mid. 'I
looked in as I was going by, and
found him anoddy ' [Aa* li'h'kd
in- uz- Aa- wur gaan'in baa-,
un* faand' im* unod'i]. The
cabin of a certain old country
dame went by the name of ' Nod-
dycob Hall ; ' the walls being
built of time-rounded stones,
known as ' cobbles,' and ' cobs,'
and the situation of the dwelling
a lonely one.
Nodling [nodlin], applied to one
in a chronic state of absent-
mindedness; Mid.
Noggin [nog'in], a small vessel,
which is also used as a quarter
of a pint measure. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. to the county.
Nointed [naoyirtid], pp!.ordained,
destined. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Nokkin [nok-in], a nuggQt of
solid ore ; Nidd.
Noppy [nop-i], adj. tipsy; gen.
Notage [nuo-li'tij], v. a. and sb.
notice. Wh. Gl. Many other
Mid-Yorks. people indulge in
this pronunciation.
Notified [nuo-li'tifaa-'d (and often
long)], pp. noted, or known by
reputation, Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Notomise [not-um:aayz] ; or No-
tomy [not'umi], i. e. an anatomy,
a skeleton. The first is the Mid-
Yorks. form, and both forms are
heard in Nidderdale.
Nought but [naob-ut, nuoVut],
adv. only. Wh. Gl.; gen. The
final letter interchanges with d.
Noughtpenny [naowt-peni], adj.
applied to anything done, or to
be done, for which there will be
no pay. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Nows and thans [noo-z un
dhaanz 1 ], now and then; at odd
times. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. 'He
comes at nows and thans ' [I
kuomz* ut* noo'z un* dhaanz ].
' I see him noivs and thans ' [Aa'
see'z im' noo-z un' dhaanz'].
The [aa] of the last word is a
peculiarity in the dialect, the
characteristic vowel-change in
such words as then being to [i].
ITowt [naowt-], sb. and adj.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
93
nought, naught, or nothing.
Wh. GL; gen. This pronuncia-
tion is so constantly and so
generally heard, even in locali-
ties where there are opposite
dialect usages', that the truly
characteristic form, is apt to be
lost sight of. In Mid- Yorkshire
a speaker employs [naowt'] in-
cessantly, but gives way to [nelr't]
at intervals, and when this form
is used that would be a dull in-
stinct which, contacting with
the sound, did not at once
associate it with the genius of
the dialect. Among the miners
of Nidderdale a sound is current
which is slight and fugitive in
character, difficult to denote,
and, as an apparently anomalous
formation, almost willingly for-
gotten. It is as if in pronounc-
ing this word nowt the mouth
was opened for [aa] with the
result of [aow], short (usually)
in both cases. With some speakers
it is an accidental sound, and,
unless one is in the habit of try-
ing to account for everything
that is heard, may easily escape
recognition. Yet it is in clear
consonance with the regularities
and vocal perfections of the local
dialect. Elsewhere, where geo-
graphical position is favourable
to the fuller development of this
sound (as, in some degree, among
the miners of the north-west,
but more in an exactly opposite
direction, within a certain limit,
midway between York and the
coast), it becomes [aa*] simply
and fully.
Nowt [naowt ] ; or N6at [n:rh't],
used of cattle, in the singular;
the plural taking s. The first
form is most employed. ' I went
to a druggist's while I was in
York, and got some neatfoot-oil'
[Aa* wint- tiv u d'ruog'istuz
waal Aa waar* i Yurk', un'
gaat' suonr naowt'f:i'h't-ao'yl].
Nowther [naowdhur] orNowder
[naow'd'ur] ; or Noather [nuo'h'-
dhur]; or Noader [nuo'h'd'ur] ;
or Na'ther [ne'h'dhur] ; or
Na'der [ne'h'd'ur] ; or Neather
[ni'h'dhur]; or Neader [ni'h'd'ur],
employed conjunctively, or as
substantives of convenience.
Neither. These various forms
are general. Young people em-
ploy [ne'h'dhur] and [ne'h'd'ur];
and the two last of the list are
the refined forms. Old people
usually abide by the two first,
but frequently use the two fol-
lowing, [nuo'h'dhur, nuo'h'd'ur].
Usually this vowel [uo] may be
quite distinguished, but when
short, and quickly spoken, it is
extremely difficult to distinguish
from [ao]. The [uo-] form, dis-
associated from the dental d, is
much more heard southward, in
company with [ao'], and, very
occasionally, [ao] ; the last pre-
vailing duly south, and the
former south-west, and west-
ward from Leeds. These forms
are, in town dialect, refined by
(in [nuo'h'dhur] e. g.) the ab-
sence of the [h'] and a change in
the vowel-sound to [oa'] ; and
(in [nao'h'dhur] e.g.} by a dis-
missal of the final element of the
vowel alone.
Nub [nuob-], v. a. and sb. to
nudge; Mid.
Num'le [nuom-u'l], v. a. benumb;
Mid. 'My fingers is fair (are
quite) num'led ' [Maa* fingg - uz iz'
fe'h' nuonru'ld].
Nunc [iiuonk-], uncle ; Mid.
Nunscape [nuon'skup (and)
skilr'p]; or Anunscape [unuon*
(and) unun-skup (and) skilr'p].
To be anunscape is to be in a
fidgety, uneasy state ; gen. An
alarming occurrence in a locality
where relatives dwell will 'set'
a person ' all o' t' nunscape,' to go
there, to be certain about their
welfare. Or, having little time
in which to catch a train, a
94
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
person will be on the nunscape
to be off. 'Our lad's anun-
scape about going to the fair'
[Oor* laadz- unuon-skup uboot'
gaangin tu t fe'h'r], [See An-
onsker in Atkinson's Cleveland
Glossary. Lit., it means ' on
the wish,' i. e. very eager or
desirous about a thing ; cf. Dan.
Snake, to wish. W. W. S.]
Nunshon [nuon-shun], luncheon ;
Mid.
Nunty [imon-ti], adj. stiff; formal;
Mid.
, separating verb and pronoun,
'innot (will not) thou let t'
0' [o] and [ao], prep. On, in
the sense of of; gen. In this
character o' has a free idiomatic
use,
' Winnot (will not)
baby cuddle (embrace) o' thee ? '
[Win-iit tu lit- 1' baab-i 'kuod'u'l
ao dhu ?] ' What took (caused)
him to go ? ' ' He went on him-
self ' because the fit took him
[Waat- ti'h'k inr tu gaang- ? I
wint" o izsen'].
Obstracklous [obst'iaaklua], adj.
used of one who is of wayward,
masterful habits; Mid. 'He's
obstracldom past biding (bide,
v. a. to endure) ; he 'd do with a
good hazeling now and then '
[Eez' obst'raak'lus paast' baa'd-
in; id' drh' wi u gi'h'd eziing
noo" un' dhin']. [Compare 06-
stropolous, a common corruption
of obstreperous. W. W. S.]
Odd-house [od-- (and) uod--oo-s],
A single dwelling, amid-land,
always gets this name ; gen.
In some localities, the word is
almost synonymous with farm-
house ; dwellings of this character
usually outlying the villages.
Odling [od'lin], remainder, usu-
ally applied to animals; Mid.
'Two odlings of lambs' [Tw:e*
od-linz u laamz'].
Od-rabit! [ao-d-, aod--, aolr'd-,
(and) od'-raablt] ; or Od-rabit-
lit ! [ao-d-, aod'-, aoh''d-, (and)
od'-raab'it-lit],imprecatory forms,
amounting to a good mouthful
each, and apt to be a little spleen-
ish at times, but nothing more ;
gen. The last form ( Wh. Gl.) is
employed in such a phrase as,
' Od-rabit-Ut o' t' like ! ' [Aoh-'d-
'raabit-'lit' ut' laa'k]. But here
it happens that the final word of
the form has a stress upon it,
which is not usual. The first
form is necessarily followed by a
pronoun.
Od-rot ! [ao'd-, aod--, aolr'd-, (and)
od' - rot', raot', r:i'h't, (and)
ruoh''t]; orOd-rut! [ao'd-,aod'-,
aolr'd-, (and) od'-ruot 1 ] ; or Od-
rat ! [ao'd-, aod'-, aolr'd-, (and)
od'-raat'] ; or Drat ! [d'raat'] ;
or Dreat I [d'r:i'h't] ; or Drot !
[d'rot', d'raot', d'ruoh''t] ; or
Drut ! [d'ruot', d'ruoh''t], im-
precatory forms in common use,
but which carry no meaning;
gen.
Ods-art ! [ao'd-, aod'-, aolr'd-, (and)
od'z-aa't], interj. an exclama-
tion of surprise, wonderment, or
alarm. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. The
vowel of the last part of the
word also interchanges with
[eh'-}
Odz-ounds ! [ao'd-, aod'-, aolr'd-,
(and) od'z-oonz'], a petty oath,
employed in mock anger. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Of [of', uof-], offspring. Wh.
GL ; gen. ' Is this little one one
of the off too, then ? ' [Iz- -dhis-
laai un' yaan- ut' of- 'trh',
dhin*?] In this sentence, the term
is used for children, familiarly.
In each sense it is heard in the
Leeds district, too, with some
frequency.
Off [of-, uof-], prep, associated
with on it (of it), in an idiomatic
phrase, to denote a retro garde
stage of illness. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
' He had begun to pick up a bit,
bv.t to-day he 's off on 't again '
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
[Id* biguon* tu pik' uop* u bit*,
but' tu-de* iz* uof' ont' ugi'h'n].
Offal [of'u'l, uof-u'l], sb. and adj.
used of a worthless, ill-disposi-
tioned person ; also of a tho-
roughly idle one ; gen. Offkly
is also employed both adverbi-
ally (Wh. Gl.} and adjectivally.
' He 'd a nasty good-to-nothing
(good - for - nothing) offaly look
with him' [Eed 1 u naas'ti gilr'd-
tu-naowt uof'u'li li'h'k wi inr].
Offer [aof'ur], v. a. and sb. occa-
sionally heard in the senses of
surrender, and sacrifice ; Mid.
One juvenile will say to another,
in hiding from parents because
of a misdeed, ' Go and offer thy-
self before thou's made (com-
pelled) ' [Gaan- un' aofur dhisen'
ufuoh''r dhuoz* mi'h'd]. ' It 's
a great offer to make for that
mends (amends) ' [Its* u grrh't
aof'ur tu maak' fu 'dhaat' menz'],
a great sacrifice to make for so
poor a return.
Off-start [aof --ste-n't], commence-
ment. The word is used in re-
spect of action only. A book
' begins ' by off-starting with its
preface ; gen.
Olden [ao'h'dun], v. n. and v. a.
to age. Wh. GL ; gen.
Onnykin [aon'ildnz], adj. and
noun-adj. any kind; gen. This
form is employed, but s is usu-
ally added. [In Early English,
the true Northern form is anikin.
We also find any kinnes, and
even anys kinnes. W. W. S.]
Onnymak [aonimaak], adj. and
noun-adj. any shape, form, sort,
or kind ; gen. The plural takes s.
Orf [ao'h'f], applied to a running
sore on cattle. Wh. GL ; Mid.
See Hurf.
Othergates [uodh-ugrh'ts], adv.
otherwise; in another manner;
by another way, literally or
figuratively. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Othersome [uodlrusum], adj.
other. Wh. GL ; Mid. The
term is employed variously, but
restrictedly, as noting something
besides, or, as opposed to some.
It is also in occasional use ellip-
tically for other thing.
Onse [ooz-, aowz], v. a. to bale,
or pour out, in large measure.
Wh. GL; gen.
Onsen [aowz'im] ; or Owsen
[aawz'un] ; or Oosen [ooz'un],
sb. pi. oxen. The two first forms
are occasionally heard in Nid-
derdale, but the last form is the
usual one, and is general. Ous-
harrows [aowz-aar-'uz], a large
kind of harrow, used for break-
ing the clods when the ' fur ' has
been turned back, after a field has
been fallow a season. Ous [ooz'],
sing, is employed in Miji-Yorks.,
but is only heard at intervals,
though, in the case of individ-
uals, habitually.
Ont o' t' head [oot- ut yi'h'd],
adj. the customary equivalent
for insane ; gen.
Outen [oot'u'n], adv. in occa-
sional use for out, meaning with-
out, or not at home ; Mid. The
phrase ' outen door' [oot'u'n di'h'r]
takes the place of out-of-doors.
Onten [oot'u'n], has the sense of
out, or outer one, and is possibly a
contraction of the last form ; gen.
' A load of sheep came withering
down the lane, and one of ours
was among the outens ' [U luo'h'd
u shee-p kaanr widh'urin doo-n
t luo'h'n, un 1 yaan' u oo'h'z
waarumaang- toot'u'nz]. Load
is a colloquialism for a large
number. In broad dialect speech,
the pronunciation is [le'h'd].
Out-end [oot'-ind'], an outshot ;
an outlet of any kind. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Out-gate [oot'-gih't, (and) geh't],
an outlet, or a short pathway,
more or less enclosed, leading
outwards from any defined place.
96
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid. See its opposite
term, Ingate.
Outly [ootii], adv. thoroughly.
Wh. GL; Mid. 'That brush
bides in the hand (remains in
hand) a long time, lass, so we '11
look for something being outly
well done when it leaves it'
[Dhaat* bruosh" baa'dz it* aand-
u laang- taa-m, laas*, se - h wil'
li'h'k fu suonrut bin- wee'l d:i'h'n
win- it' li'h'vz it'].
Outmense [ootmen's], v. a. to ex-
ceed, in relation to manners, or
becomingness of habit ; gen.
Outray [ootre'h'], v. a. to out-
shine ; Mid.
Outspend [ootspin-d], v. a. to
exhaust ; gen.
Out-thrust [oot'-thruost], sb. and
v. a. a projection; to project; to
thrust out. Wh. Ol. (s&.J; gen.
In Mid-Yorks., the verb is more
used than the substantive. Out-
thrusten [oot-thruos'u'n] (Wh.
Gl.} is also the common form of
the participle generally.
Ouzel [eoz-u'l], the blackbird ;
gen.
Overwin [:ao'whVin'], v. a. to
overcome ; gen.
Ower [aowh'r], v. n. and v. a.
employed elliptically for, to give
over, or cease from ; also, im-
peratively, with a like meaning.
Wh. GL ; Mid. ' It (the rain)
will ower inow' [It* u'l aowh'r
inoo'], will cease by-and-by.
* Ower thy hand a bit ! ' [Aowh'r
dhi aand- u bit'], stay your hand,
or, hold on a little !
Owerance [aowh'runs], ovemnce,
or power of control. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. ' He 's no owerance o' t'
lad ' [Eez* ne"h' aowh''runs u t'
laad*].
Ower-beyont [aowh'-biyaon-t,
yuon-t, yuoh-'nt], adv. over-
away ; gen.
Owercesten [aowh'rkes'u'n (and)
kis-u'n], v. a. and pp. overcast.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. A verb is also
current [aowh'kest*], which is,
at times, deprived of its final
letter.
Ower'd [aowh'd], adj. over, or
past; gen. to the county. 'It's
all ower'd with him ' [It's 'yaal*
aowh'd wi inr]. This is a com-
mon expression when a person is
dead. Ower [aowh'] is employ-
ed, too, but the participial form
is much used.
Owergate [aowh'gih't], a gate-
stile. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Owermickle [aowh'mik-u'l],
over, or too much. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Old Mid-Yorkshire people also
substitute xnuckle [muok'u'l]
for the last word.
Owermony [aowh'maon-i], over,
or, too many. Also, colloquially,
with the same rendering, as in
the phrase, 'It was one ower-
mony for him' [It' wur yaan'
aowh'maon-i fur 1 inr]. The last
[ao] interchanges with [uo].
Owernice [aowh'naa's], adj. 'over,'
or, too nice. Wh. GL; gen.
Owerset [aowh'sit- (and) set'],
v. a. to overtask. Owersetten
[aowh'sit'u'n (and) set'u'n], pp.
Wh. GL (pp.); gen. The verb
is very common ; and the parti-
cipial form is also employed for
it (apart from the infinitive mood)
occasionally.
Owerwelt [aowh'welt'], v. a. and
sb. to overturn completely. Wh.
GL (pp. and sb.) ; gen. To over-
turn in a backward direction is
to rig-welt [rig-welt] ; [from rig,
the back; welt being the A.S.
wceltan, to roll, tumble, cognate
with G. walzen, whence our tualtz.
W. W. S.] A lad will com-
plain to parents that he has been
way-laid by an associate, and
rig welted, laid on his back, at
unawares, or as the result of a
tussle. And so a sheep is said
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
97
to be rigwelted when overturned,
and unable to rise, from its weight
of wool. Welt is also employed
with what may appear to be a
similarity of meaning to that of
owerwelt, but there is the differ-
ence attaching to the latter form,
that it implies a completeness in
regard to the action indicated.
A cart is welted, or upturned, in
order to discharge its load ; but it
is only overwelted when entirely
overturned for repairs, or by an
act of mischief. Yet again, there
are ways of employing the simple
word so as to convey quite the
sense of the compound, as in the
phrase, ' Welt it ower,' or ' clean
ower ' [Welt- it- tli'h'n aowh'].
Oxter [oks-t'ur], the armpit. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Packman [paalrmaan], a pedlar.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Packrag-day [paak-raag-di"h'].
The day after Martinmas-day is
so called, familiarly ; being the
day when servants who are about
to change places pack up and
leave. Wh. GL; gen.
Pad [paad'J, a frog ; gen.
Padding-can [paadin-kaan], a
common lodging-house; Mid.
In the Leeds dialect, ken [ken']
is used vulgarly of any dwelling
or locality ; but it is most usual
to associate the term with any-
[Ken is the usual cant term for
a house ; common in London.
It is a gipsy word, viz. the
Eastern Mem. W. W. S.]
Paddynoddy [paad -modi], an ac-
count, or narration at length.
Wh. GL ; gen. At times, short-
ened to paddy.
Paddywatch [paadiwaach] ; or
Paddy [paad'il, an almanac;
Mid.
Pag [paagg-J, v. n. to toil, fami-
liarly; Mid. 'What, pagging
at it yet!' [Waat-, paagg-in
aat- it- yut- !] Peg [pegg-] is
the town form ; but is also used
as a v. a., to hurry.
Paigle [pe-h'gu'l], a cowslip; Mid.
Pai'k [pe-h'k], v. a. to beat; Mdd.
Pairage [p:e-h'rij], equality; Mid.
Pall [pao-h'l], v. a. to puzzle; Mid.
Palm [puo-h'm], v. a. to climb
straightly, with such action that
the open hands (and not the arms)
are put to most stress. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. A person is said to climb
[tlinr] a tree ; to swarm [swaa'm]
up a pole, and to swarble
[swaa-bu'l] down again. Palm,
as employed substantively, for
the inner part of the hand, is
pronounced in the same way.
Palm is also commonly heard in
relation to the hand itself. * (jive
us hold of thy pawm ! ' [Gi uz*
aoh-'d u dhi puo-h'm], give me
hold of thy hand! or, let me
shake hands with you.
Palm-cross-day [puo-h'm-kruos--
di"h 3 ], a name to denote Palm-
Sunday, when (and during Pas-
sion - week) crosses, made of
palm-twigs, are displayed about
houses, and are called palm-
crosses. Wh. GL ; Mid., where
the custom but lingers in locali-
ties.
Pan [paan*], v. n. to frame.
. Wh. GL ; gen. In some cases,
this explanatory word must be
substituted, though as a word
pertaining to the dialect, where
it is employed idiomatically (and
pronounced [fre'h'm]), it is suf-
ficiently expressive. Thus, in
pan tul, one of the commonest
expressions on Yorkshire lips,
there is the meaning of the dialect
frame, to, but the equivalent in
understandable English would
be set to. This is a mild case of
idiom, however, and at a longer
98
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
stretch in this direction, when a
verb is left to be understood,
pan and ' frame ' seem to have
still less in common. When a
newly-made coat is being in-
spected on the owner's back, the
remark will be made, that it
Cm well ' frames to fit well '
ing the dialect equivalent, and
Jits well as the phrase would be
understood in ordinary speech.
A servant having left an old
place for a now one does not pan
well to it is inapt, in regard to
the duties of her new position.
Pan is also employed substan-
tively, as in the complimentary
sentence 'Thou's had a faith-
ful pan at it, my lass ! ' [Dhuoz'
ed* u filr'thfuol paan' aat* it',
maa laas*], you have had an
honest spell at it, my girl !
Panner is also in identical and
frequent use. A ' good panner '
is one able to set well to work ;
and, at times, the term is used
for worker. ' He is a good
panner-tnl when there is work
to do ' [Eez* u gih*'d paan'u-tuol'
win- dhuz' waa-k tu drh'], is a
good settler-tp, &c. willing and
able, and going the right way
about the work in hand, or, re-
ferred to.
Panch [paanslr], v. a. and sb. to
crush, with sudden force ; Mid.
Pankin [paang-kin], a large earth-
enware vessel. Wh. Gl. ; gen. It
is a vessel of varying size, used
for the household bread, and the
various requirements of the
pantry or dairy. There are, too,
the ' water - parikin ' [waat''ur-
paangkin], the ' cream-pom/mj '
[kr:rh'm-paangkin], &c. An
Irish reaper calls the same ar-
ticle a ' pan-crock.'
Pannel [paan'il], a cloth, or pack-
saddle. Wh. 01; Mid.
Panshon [paairshun], a large
earthenware vessel; Mid. See
Pankin.
Parlous [paa'lus], adj. dangerous,
perilous. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Pars-lit-on 't ! [paa-s-lit-uont-], an
imprecatory form, employed with
some ill -meaning, but not under-
stood. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. [Mean-
ing ' a pox light on it ; ' very
common in old plays. W. W. S.]
Basil [paash ], v. a., v. n., and sb.
The Wh. Gl. renders this word
by smash. It is in general use,
and rarely approaches this mean-
ing. When it does, the word
smash must bear emphasis, and
its correspondence becomes due
in a degree to its adventitious
character. The verb to pash, in
the more recognised sense, bears
reference not so much to the
action as to the doer of the
action, and the implication of
violence rests with the doer.
To pash a thing is not neces-
sarily to cause it to break, but
to hurl or dash it violently, from
. a short distance. [For examples,
see Pash in Eichardson, &c.
W. W. S.] To ( pash about,' is
to rave about; to ' pash out'
at a door, is to dash out ; to
* pash at' a door, is to dash
against it violently, with the
body, or the whole of the foot ;
to pash upstairs or down, is to
stamp heavily in walking, but
does not necessarily imply rapid
motion. A woman 'pashes at'
another 'with her tongue,' in
an onslaught of abuse ; a walker
goes along ' at a pashing gate '
[gilr't], with a heavy tread, at a
driving speed ; and a cart which
is being tilted, at last goes
'pash down,' conveniently, doing
damage to nothing.
Pash [paaslr] ; or Posh [posh-],
a state of soppiness, as a grass
field after continuous rain ; gen.
' All o' a posh ' [Yaal- u u -posh 1 ].
Pash [paash-], a state of rotten-
ness. Wh. (21. ; gen. The same
idea (as is illustrated above) at-
taches to this substantive, which
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
is not used of every object in a
state of rottenness ; nor is it in
its partial use associated with
anything unbroken. A rotten
apple, for example, is not spoken
of as pash while it remains whole
on the tree, or in the hand ; but
when it falls, or is thrown down,
and bursts, exposing its state
thoroughly, then there is the
name of pas h for it at once. The
common proverb, ' as rotten as
pash,' is best understood in this
strict sense.
Passing [paasin]. When a person
is at the point of death, the
neighbours attend in the cham-
ber, and occupy themselves de-
yotionally. This service, or time,
is called, the Passing; Mid.
When death takes place, the
ceremony is at an end, and the
usual matronly offices are per-
formed by those present. After-
wards, all sit down to an abund-
ant table, and there is a feast
without much noise.
Passion [paaslrun], employed as
a v. n. ; gen. ' What 's thou go
passioning about in that way for ;
thou can make no better of it'
[Waats* tu gaan' paash'nin
uboots* i 'dhaat* wi'h' fur* ; dhoo
kun' maak' ni'h' bet''ur ut'].
Pate [pi'h't, pe-h't], the top of
the head. WTi. GL ; gen.
Pate [pe'h't], a badger ; gen.
Patter [paat-'ur], v. n. and v. a.
to tread. ' Patter down,' to tread
down. Patterment [paat''u-
mint], sb. footprint. Pattering
[paat-'u'rin], sb. footstep (as
heard). WK GL ; Mid. Patter,
sb., also, indicating a thoroughly-
trodden state all over foot-
prints. ' It 's all patter ' [Its'
yaal 1 paat''ur]. * It's patter now ;
it will be blather to-morn ' [Its'
rt''ur noo' ; it'u'l bi blaadh'u
muo'h'n], it will be soft
puddle to-morrow.
Pawk [paolr'k], impertinence ;
pertness. Pawky, adj. Wli.
GL ; gen. Is also in use as an
active verb (usually followed by
at), and slightly as a verb neuter.
' Don't begin to pawk, now ! '
[Dhvut bigin' (or ' start' [staa't,
ste-h't]) tu paolr'k, noo].
Peak [pi-h'k], sb. and v. a. of-
fence, umbrage, or, as the spell-
ing suggests, pique ; gen. ' He's
taken a peak at somewhat ' [Eez*
te'h'n u pi'h'k ut' suonrut], has
taken umbrage, or offence at
something. ' He 's peaked about
somewhat' [Eez* pi'h'kt uboot*
suom'ut], offended about some-
thing.
Pearch [prh'ch], v. a. employed
in the sense often attached to the
verb to search, colloquially, in re-
lation to the weather, when pene-
tratingly cold. * It fair pearches
to the bone to-night it's that
raw-cold' [It* fe'h'r pi'h'chiz tu
t bi'h'n (and [be'h'n] ref. but
common) tu - neet* its* 'dhaat*
rao'h'-kaoh''d], It quit& searches
(pierces does not suggest itself as
so apt a word) one to the bone
to-night, the air is so raw and
cold. A severe time of this
nature is called, in somewhat
droll style, '&pearcher.' Pearch-
ing, adj. (Wh. GL) 'It was
pearching cold at the fore-end of
(during the early part of) the
night ' [It* wur* pi'h'ch'in kao'h'd
ut' t fuor-ind- ut' neet']. [This
reminds one of Milton's use of
parching ; Par. Lost, ii. 594 :
" The parching air
Burns frore, and cold performs
th' effect of fire."
W. W. S.] Fore has two other
vulgar forms [fuo'h'r, faor'],
and a gradation of refined ones
[fur', fu-r, faoh-'r, fao'r] which,
to the native ear, are essentially
distinct from the former, even
where there is little dissimilarity
in pronunciation relatively. An-
qther form may be added, [foa'r],
100
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
which is considered too fine to
use, and is scouted as an affecta-
tion by homely people. This is
the current refined form of parts
of the south and south-west.
Peart t [pi'h't], adj. pert, in the
sense of being lively and active ;
gen. 'As peart as a lop' (flea)
[Uz* pi-h't uz; u lop-]. The
pronunciation is, in Yorkshire,
a peculiar one for the class of
word, and is common to both
rural and town dialect. [Very-
common in other counties, especi-
ally, e.g. in Salop. W. W. S.]
Peascod [pi-h'skaoh'd], the term
for a full shell of peas. ' Peas-
cod-swad ' [pi'h'skaoh'd-swaad'],
a pea-shell. Wh. Ol. ; gen. This
rural dialect form of pea is the
refined one of town, or southern
dialect, where are two other
forms [paey (and) pey], the
first being the characteristic one.
Peff [pef'J, v. n. to cough shortly
and faintly, unable or unwilling
to make a thorough effort ; also,
to labour in breath shortly,
pursing the mouth, as it were,
in the act, as if to make breath.
Peff is also as commonly heard
sitbstantively. ' He gave a bit of
a peff' [I gaav u bit' uv (or
[u'n-]) u pef']. The Wh. Gl.
examples the verb, in its first
sense. At times, the senses are
so allied in conversation that
it is useless attempting to make
a distinction.
Pelf [pelf'], a term bestowed on
a worthless person ; Mid.
Pelt [pelt-], skin. < Wh. Gl. In
Mid- Yorks., applied to the human
skin, but usually only when the
skin is alluded to in its integrity.
The term has, however, a stricter
application to the skin or hide
of animals. The Wh. GL illus-
tration ("Horns, tail, and pelt"
[Ao'h'nz, ti-h'l, un' pelt']) seems
also to imply this. With regard
to the final t of words, parti-
cularly of monosyllables, it must
be noted that in Mid -Yorks.
it is impossible not to recognise
its semi- dental character, especi-
ally in women's conversation.
[Applied in Middle English to
the sheep.
"Off shepe also corny the pelt and
eke Felle ; "
The Hors, The Shepe, and the
Gosse; in Polit. Eel. and Love
Poems, ed. Furnivall, p. 16. It
is cognate with Germ. pelz.
W. W. S.]
Pelter [peH'ur], v. a., v. n., and
sb. pelt ; gen. ' It came such
of a pelter ' (such a torrent) [It*
kaanv 'sa'y'k n u pel't'ur]. 'He's
been peltering on (of) me with
stones.' * Why, they were only
the size of hagstones ; (hailstones)
[Eez* bin' pert'u'rin aon' mu
wi ste*h'nz. Waa*yu, dhu wu
naob'ut t book* u aag'steh"'nz].
Perceivance [pusrh'vuns], per-
ception. ^ Wh. f Gl. ; _gen. The
verb [pusi'h'v] is also in use, but
to a very slight extent compared
with its employment in ordinary
speech. It is much confined to
' negative sentences, is felt to be
an equivocal term, and a sober
meaning is but rarely attached
to it. A parent will thus deliver
himself, in irony, to a child who
has been making excuse for neg-
lectful conduct : ' Nay, bairn,
thou perceives nothing; thou's
no perceivance in thee ; thou 's
tuptack ! ; [N:e*h', be'h'n, dhoo
pusi'h'vs naowt; dhuoz* ne'h'
pusrh'vuns i dhu; dhuoz* tuop*
taak'], by which the child under-
stands that he has no equal in
delinquency.
Perishment [perishment], a
severe cold. Wh. GL ; gen. To
perish, v. a. is to be in a state
of starvation from cold. 'If
thou goes out to-night it will
perish thee ' [If* dhuo gaanz*
oot* tu-neet* it'u'l perish dhu].
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
101
'We have got hold of some
perishing weather at last it
would perish a toad to death'
Wi git'u'naoh''d u suonr perish-
in widh-ur ut' laast' it* ud*
perish u te'h'd tu di'h'th]. On
the part of broad dialect speakers
there is a great tendency to make
the first vowel in this word [uo],
and the actual interchange is
often most distinct.
Pettle [pet-u'l], v. a. and v. n. to
cling in a gentle fondling man-
ner, with a light embrace ; Mid.
The Wh. Gl. quotes the term,
and makes a reference to dag.
But this word conveys a coarser
idea, and is not usually substi-
tuted. Any adhesive substance
in contact with an object dags,
and a child dags to mother's
skirt; but, in each relation,
pettles could not be employed to
convey the same meaning. Of
a lamb and a sheep together, it
will be said of the former, that
' it pettles with its head against
the old one ' [it' pet'u'lz wi its'
yi'h'd ugih-'n t ao'h'd un'], plays
with the head about the neck of
the old one, or rubs head with it.
Peugh [piw], v. n. indicating the
action consequent on a bout of
laboured breathing. At such
times, afflicted people are in the
habit of pursing the lips, and
blowing, for relief; and this is
peughing [piwin] ; Mid. ' Poor
old man ! he does peffand peugh !'
[Puo'h'r ao-h'd maan' ! i diz' pef'
un' piw]. Peff, to breathe
shortly and spasmodically, mov-
ing the lips, changes its vowel,
[paaf, pif*], while maintaining
the same sense.
Pewder [piwd'ur], pewter; gen.
In some houses, the dinner-
service of plates, dishes, &c.,
consists almost entirely of this
old-fashioned ware.
Pewit [piwit], the lapwing ; gen.
Pey [paey], v. n. and occasionally
a v. a. to exert the body, in
walking, at a fast pace; Mid.
This is the usual application
of the word; the sense in
which it is understood referring
to the act of locomotion. * I
met him coming along, peying
at all iwers' (all evers) [Aa*
met* im* kuo'min ulaang' paeyin
ut' yaal' ivuz], at ' no end' of a
pace. In the present participle,
a sound like a faint guttural, or
rough aspirate, precedes the end-
ing. But the verb does not con-
tain this feature.
Pick [pik*], v. a. and sb. to pitch ;
to push. Wh. GL (vb.); gen.
Pick-ower [pik'-aowh'r] is as
usual a substantive form. ' He
gave him a pick, and over he
went 3 [Ee gaav im' u pik*, un*
aowh'r i wint']. ' Give him a
pick - ower' [OH im' u pik'-
aowh'r], knock him down.
Pick [pik*], v. n. and v. a. to
quarrel, or rebuke sharply. Wh.
GL ; gen. * Don't pick so '
[Di-h'nt pik- se'h']. * They pick
and peck at one another the day
through 7 [Dhe pik' un' pek' ut*
yaan* unidh'ur t di'h' thruof'].
Pick [pik'], v. n. and v. a. to
vomit. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Pine [paa'fu'l], v. n. and occa-
sionally a v. a. to pilfer. Wh.
GL ; Mid.
Pike [paayk*, paa'k], a large cock
of hay ; gen.
Pikethank [paayk'thaangk],
pickthank gen. This word does
not follow the rule in respect
of characteristic vowel- changes.
The retention of the ordinary
vowel a [aa] is unusual, e [e]
being substituted.
Pikle [paa-ku'l], v. n. and v. a.
to pick food daintily in eating,
and to eat little, after the manner
of invalids. Wh. Gl. The mean-
ing appended is that current in
Mid- Yorkshire, where it is not
102
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
restricted in use to the habits of
cattle, as is apparently indicated
in the Ql. The long i sound
noted there (but really a short
element, [paayk-u'l]), and in
other such words, is the refined
sound in Mid-Yorks., Nidder-
dale, and the north and north-
west of the county generally.
Pimp [pimp*], v. n. to indulge
a squeamish appetite ; Mid.
Pimpery [pinrpuri], adj.
squeamish, with respect to food.
It will be said of a cow, that she
is ' pimpery- stomached ' [pinr-
puri - stuonrukt]. Pimping
[pinrpin] is usually employed
superlatively, with the same
meaning.
Pink [pingk*], v. a. and sb. to toss,
by an effort which requires the
power of both arms ; Mid. ' He
pinked it clean over the hedge '
[Ee pingkt* it* tli'h'n aow'h'r t
idj*]. 'I)id he push thee into t'
dyke ? ' ' Nay, he pinked me in '
[Did* i pish* dhu in'tu t daa'k ?
Ni*h', i ping'kt mu in*].
Pinnock [pin'uk], v. n. and v. a.
to perch at an edge, or point ;
Mid. ' Look at yon' bairn where
it 's pinnoclcing. Go to it, before
it tumbles' [Li'h'k ut* yaon*
be*h'n wi'h'r its* pin'ukin.
Gaang* tiv' it*, ufuo'h'r it*
tuom'u'lz].
Pinny [pini], a contraction of
pinafore; gen.
Pinny show [pin-islir-h', (and)
shao*'h' (ref.)], a child's peep-
show. Wh. GL; gen. The
charge for a peep is a pin, and,
tinder extraordinary circum-
stances of novelty, two pins.
The pronunciations indicated be-
long to adults. Children and
young people generally usually
adopt [shaow] for the last word.
Pis'le [pis'u'l], lit. an epistle; a
narration of any kind ; Mid. Of
a wordy woman, it will be said,
that she 'went naggering on
with a long pis'le that it would
have tired a horse to stand and
listen to ' [win*t naag*u'rin aon*
wi u laang* pis'u'l ut* it* ud' u
taay'ud u *aos* tu staan* un*
lis'u'n tiv]. [The initial e is
likewise dropped in Icelandic ;
cf. Icel. pistill, an epistle.
W. W. S.]
Pit [pit*], a fruitstone Mid.
Pitch [pich*]. When a miner's
arrangement is to receive remu-
neration according to the weight
of ore ' got,' he is working ' by
pitch.' When the arrangement
is to work by measurement, he
is * going by t' band ' ; Nidd.
Plain [pli-h'n], v. n. to lament ;
to complain, but more varied in
application than this word. Wh.
OL ; gen. The Gl. has the two
apt illustrations : ' ' They are al-
ways plaining poverty" [Dhur*
yaal*us plrh'nin puovuti]. "A
good plainer" [U gi'h'd plrh'nur],
a good beggar. Also adding
plaint, sb. complaint, which is
likewise in general use. The
verb is spelt ' plean ' by local
writers, agreeably with the usual
pronunciation, but as the refined
form [ple'h'n] identifies itself in
pronunciation with the word
plain, whether this is a simple
word or compounded, it seems
unnecessary to make any change
in the spelling.
Plash [plaaslv], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to splash. Wh. OL ; gen.
This form is, however, much less
used than blash [blaash*]. In
town, or southern dialect, it is
not heard at all.
Pleaf [pli-h'f]; orPlnf [pluofl;
or Plif [plif] ; or Pleuf [pliwfj;
or Plawf [plew'f], plough. These
varying pronunciations are arbi-
trary, and practically general.
They are all well-known, and
used. Pleugh [pliw*] may be
occasionally heard as a substan-
tive, but in this character is al-
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
103
together ignored by old people.
As a substantive, this form would
be highly improper in such a
sentence as ' I am going to
plough now; what plough have
I to take?' which would be:
[Aa'z gaain tu pliw* noo' ; waat*
plih-'f ev I tu tank- ?]
Plat [pli-h't] ; or Plet [plet-] ;
or Flit [plit'] ; or Plat [plaat-].
These are all forms of plait, in
common use. The first is the
usual substantive form, but is
also used as a verb, as are the rest.
The last also conveys the past
tense. The third form, though
occasionally heard elsewhere, is
the one proper to Mid-Yorks.
Plet is general to town dialect, too.
Plenish [pliirish], v. a. to re-
plenish ; to fill ; to furnish.
Plenishing, (sb.) furnishing ma-
terial of any kind. Wh. GL ;
Mid. ' Plenish that bairn her larl
water-kit ' [Plnrish dhaat' be'h'n
ur laa'l waat''ur-kit], her little
water-bucket. * This rain will
oveT-plenish the dykes' [Dhis'
ri'h'n u'l aowh'r - plin'ish t
daa'ks], will over-fill the ditches.
' They will bide some plenishing'
[Dhel* baa'd suom' plinishin],
will take some filling.
Pleugh [pliw] ; or Plaugh
[plaew] ; or Plough [ploo-] ;
or Pleagh. [pli'h'], v. a., v. n.,
and sb. plough. These are all
general forms. Pleug-h and
Plough are the commonest ; the
first of which is usually employed
as the substantive, but it is not
put to frequent use. See Pleaf,
&c.
Pleat [pluoh-'t], v. a. to pluck,
or strip, as of feathers; also,
figuratively, to plunder ; to ran-
sack. Wh. Gl ; Mid.
Pledge [ploj', pluoj-], v. n. "to
plunge up and down in water
with the feet." Wh. GL This
explanation only approximates
to correctness in relation to Mid-
Yorks. and Nidderdale, where
the meaning is not so restricted.
One who makes way through
puddle without any soft steps
plodges. The word is also com-
mon as a substantive. ' He gave
a great plodge with his foot, and
blathered (bemired) me all over '
[Ee gaav u gri'h't ploj' wiv iz*
fi'h't, un* blaadh'ud mu yaal*
aowh'r]. Plodgy, adj. 'Look
at that raggletail, what plodgy
deed he 's making there ! ; [Li'h'k
ut- dhaat' raag-u'lti"h'l, waat*
ploji deed' (and [deyd']) iz
maak'in dhi'h'r !], what splashing
work, &c.
Plook [plook-1 a pimple. Wh.
GL; Mid.
Plosh [plosh', pluosh'], v. n. and
sb. Ploshy [plosh -i], adj. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. Any light feet may
plosh their way, and call for pity,
but when they begin to ' plodge '
wilfully, or stupidly, after the
manner of a clumsy - gaited
person, then rebuke becomes
justifiable. Plosh is much more
heard than * plodge/ and, as a
substantive, bears relation to an
object as well as an action. Plosh
is anything of the nature and
consistency of puddle, into which,
if a hasty foot be placed, or a
stick let fall, there results a plosh.
Plowder [plaowd'ur] ; or Plowd
[plaow'd], v. n. to plod on an
impeded way, as through dirt,
or refuse ; Mid. Plowderer
[plaowd'uru], and plowder
[plaowd'ur], sbs. There are
other forms, casual to this dis-
trict, but more general north-
wards [pluo-h'd] vb., [pluo'h'd-
'ur] vb. and sb. [Ploo'd'ur] is
also a form the verb takes. This,
in Mid-Yorks., is a more usual
one than the preceding forms
noted. The verb and derivatives
are much used figuratively.
Plug [pluog'], v. a. to load, or
stack with the * gripe/ or dung-
104
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
fork. ' We shall have to go to
plug muck to-morn' [Wi sul' e
tu gaang 1 tu pluog' muok' tu-
muo'h'n], to load with manure
to-morrow.
Plugger [pluog -ur], applied to
anything very large ; Mid.
Plunk [pluongk'], the body of
grass within a so-called 'fairy-
ring ;' gen. Also joined to of,
and used in such phrases as, 'A
plunk o' folk' [U pluong'k u
faowk'], a gathering of people.
' A plunk o' trees ' [U pluongk 1
u trilr'z], a clump of trees.
Pluther [pluodlrur] ; or Pluther-
ment [pluodh'ument, (and)
mint], applied to any liquid that
is mixed with foreign matter, or
is in a greatly muddled state.
Pluthery, adj. Wh. GL ; gen.
The contents of a thickly-
scummed, stagnant pool would
be associated with one or other
of these words.
Poat [p:uo'h't (but quite often
short}\ v. n., v. a., and sb. This
is a word with a nice but well-
understood meaning. The Wh.
Gl. has, " to push slightly at any-
thing with a stick or the hand.
Also, to point the ground, as the
phrase is, with a stick in walk-
ing. ' He now gans poating about
with a stick/ uses a walking-
stick." In Mid-Yorks. and Nid-
derdale the word at all times
means to put or throw out the
foot, in a venturesome way,
always implying a light action.
It is also in use substantively .
An infant's playful kicks are
poats. The action of pawing,
like a horse, is also indicated
by the' same word. It is not
often employed in relation to
adults, and in usage is fre-
quently boldly figurative. The
word in town dialect having
a correspondence in meaning is
pawt [pao'h't], and this pronun-
ciation is also casual to the north.
P oddish [pod'ish], porridge.
That is to say, ' oatmeal thickens '
[waat'rn:ih'l thik'unz] ; gen. A
hound's mess of flesh arid oat-
meal is also favoured with the
name of poddish. There are
some few other forms receiving
a similar termination ; cabbage
becomes [kaab'ish], manage
[maanish], morrice [morish],
liquorice [lik'urish], &c., but the
words are not numerous.
Podge [poj-, puoj-], "A fat, dirty
person." Wh. Gl ;_ gen. This
is a common meaning, but, as
an epithet, the term is as freely
bestowed, in a good-natured man-
ner, upon children of a fleshy
appearance, as upon the parti-
cular object indicated. ' Come
hither, thou old podge, and I'll
be the kissing of thee to death ! '
[Kuonv idh'ur dhoo ao'h'd poj*
un- Aa'l bi t' kuos'in ao dhu tu
di'h'th !]. The preposition of also
'follows the verb idiomatically
when there is a pronoun to come
immediately after. Podge is also
a v. n. denoting the heavy irre-
gular gait usual to very fat
persons.
Poke; or Poak [pup-h'k], a sack,
or long bag of any kind. Used
also in figure. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
to the county.
Pomeson [puolr'm-sun, su'n, (and,
habitually from some speakers,)
sum, (and) su'm]. Palm-Sunday
is thus corrupted in parts of
Mid-Yorkshire and the north.
At Stokesley, a fair, held on the
Saturday preceding this festival,
is known as ' Pomeson Fair.'
Southward, the vowel in Palm
is as distinctly [ao'] [Pao'h'm-
Suon'du].
Poo [puo'] } v. a. and sb. to pull.
[Puo'd], pulled. Upper Nidd.
This is a Craven form, and may
Be heard in the mining-dales
north-west, where other words
have a similar treatment.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
105
Pooch, [pooch'], v. a. to poach;
gen. An exceptional pronuncia-
tion for the class of word. It is
employed in the Leeds district,
too, with the like peculiarity.
Popple [pop-u'l, puop-u'l], the
common poppy of the cornfields.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Porate [puore-h'tl
or
Potate
[puote'h't], potatoe ; gen.
Porringer [puorinju, purinju
(ref.)], applied to a round-shaped,
bulging metal or earthen vessel,
with a pipe-handle. It is used
for children's messes, and also
for heating food. Wh. Gl., where
the description slightly varies;
gen.
Poss [pos-], v. a. and v. n. to
mix ; to agitate, or dash about,
as with a pestle, or staff. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. Many of these com-
mon verbs are employed as sub-
stantives, but in an unmistak-
ably humorous way. This word,
for example. 'Thou '11 make a
pass of it before thou 's done '
[Dhoo'l maak' u 'pos' on* t
ufuoh-'r dhooz- di'h'n]. Posskit
(Wh. Gl.), a covered tub, used in
passing, or cleansing linen, &c.,
the poss, or posser, being a wooden
pin " with a thick knob at the
immersed end, and worked
through a hole in the lid." (Wh.
GL)
Post-house [paost*- (and) puost 1 -
oo-s] , post-office. Wh. Gl. f gen.
Posy [puo-h'zi, paoh-'zi, pao'zi],
a nosegay. Wh. Gl. ; gen. The
two last pronunciations are in
the order of their refinement.
Potter [pot*'ur], v. a. to fumble ;
to engage in anything requiring
much manipulation, or a fussy
movement of the hands. Wll.
Gl. (part.) ; gen.
Pouk [puo'k], a pustule ; gen.
Pow [paow], the head, familiarly.
Wh. Gl.; Mid.
Pownd [p-ao-vvnd], pond; gen.
A peculiar pronunciation.
Pratter [praat-'ur], v. n. and sb.
to prate ; Mid.
Pratty [praati] ; or Prutty
[pruot'i] ; or Purty [puor-ti],
adj. forms of pretty ; gen. The
first form (Wh. Gl.) is most used,
and is general to the north.
Pretty, as a word, is limited in
use, being chiefly heard in con-
nection with certain words and
unchangeable phrases.
Praunge [prao'h'nj], a time of
wild enjoyment; Mid. 'We
had a rare day's praunge of it*
[Wi d- u re'h' di'h'z prao'h'nj
on' t].
Preace [pri-h's], sb. arid v. a. the
pronunciation of price, on the
part of those who are most
quaint in manners and speech.
The general form is [praa's];
and the refined [preys] ; gen.
Preachment [prrh'chment], ap-
plied to a tedious narration, or
discourse, or to long-winded
speech of any kind, written or
oral. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Pream. [prrh'm], anything wordy
a discourse, conversation, or
talk of any kind, written or
spoken ; Mid. ' He wrote her a
great long pream of a letter ' [Ee
re'h't ur u 'gri'h't 'laang' prrh'm
uv' u lit*'ur].
Prial [pri-h'l]; or Prile [praa-1],
a term which, at most times
savouring of bad repute, is ap-
plied to those who are adapted
for each other's company, having
a resemblance in manners, or
disposition. It is seldom applied
to a greater number than two or
three. [A corruption of pair
royal, meaning, properly, three
things of a sort. At cards, three
of the same value used to be
called a pair royal, pronounced
prial. See pair-royal in Nares.
W. W. S.] Mid. ' Never a
106
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
one is better than the rest
there's a prial of them' [Ne'h'n
u 'yaanz* bet''ur un' t' rist'
dhuz' u pri'h'l on' urn']. 'A
bonny prile ' [U baoni praa'l],
a fine lot.
Princod [prirrkaod], a pin-
cushion. Wh. GL; Mid.
Prod [prod'], v. a. and sb. to
prick, or goad. Also, substan-
tively, for the iron point on the
stick or staff made use of. Wh.
GL ; gen. Anything in the
shape of a pricker often gets the
name.
Proddle [prod-u'l], v. a. to poke
with a stick, or other article,
within a hole, or so as to make
one. Also, figuratively, to trifle.
Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Pronse [praons-, praonz'], v. n.
to pace ostentatiously. Pronsy
[praon'zi], adj. ; Nidd.
Pross [pros-], "gossiping talk."
Wh. GL ; gen. Also in common
use as a neuter verb.
Pruson [pruoz'un], sb. and v. a.
prison ; to imprison. The usual
pronunciation of this word by
old people ; Mid.
Pubble [puob'u'l], adj. plump,
as applied to a round lumpy
object. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Pulls [puo'Lz], sb. pi. most usually
applied to the heads of corn dis-
persed on a barn - floor, after
thrashing, &c. ; Mid.
Pundstone [puon-stun, su'n, (and)
sti"h'n], a pebble-weight repre-
senting the conventional pound,
or ' long pound ' of twenty-two
ounces, in the weight of made-
up butter. Wh. GL ; gen. The
' long roll * of butter is yet sup-
to maintain this standard
in weight. The weight of the
' short roll ' is not entirely estab-
lished ; 'the market-women being
frequently heard tempting the
tasters of their dairy produce
with the remark, that ' there is
bound to be seventeen ounces, if
there is one ' [dhuz* buon' tu bi
siv'u'ntih'n oo'nsiz if' dhuz' yaan']
in the short rolls, which they have
for sale.
Purely [piwu'li], adv. a term
expressing a satisfactory state
of health, and usual in response
to an inquiry. Wh. GL ; Mid.
'Now, bairn, how are you?'
' Why, bairn, I am purely, thank
you ; and pray you, how 's your-
self, and how goes all at home ? '
[Noo- be-h'n, oo' aa' yu?
W:aa'-yu be'h'n, Aa'z piw'u'li
thengk' yu, un' pre yu oo'z
yusen 1 , un' oo' gaangz* yaal* ut*
yaanv ?]
Purvil [pu-vil], v. a. A purvilled
arrangement of articles, or ma-
terial of any kind, is when the
things are placed one above the
other; Mid. [Evidently a pecu-
liar use of Mid. Eng. purfiled,
which had, originally, reference
to the arranging of things along
a thread or edge. See purfiled
in Chaucer. W. W. S.]
Put [puot'], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to butt ; gen. ' Wedding comes
all at once, like a putting calf '
[Wedin kuo'mz yaal' aat* yaans',
laa-k u puot'in kao'h'f]. The
word usually implies gentleness.
This is not the case in such a
sentence as [Ee m:rh'd 'sa'yk
u'n u puot' aat' mu], he made
such on a put at me. On, in this
sentence, has the sense of of, but
this sound may arise from the pre-
ceding adjective having simply
the old participial ending en,
as some words in rural dialect,
and a multitude in town dialect,
have.
Putten [puot'u'n], past part, of
put. Wh. GL ; gen. Also con-
stantly employed when followed
by on idiomatically, not merely as
in the glossary illustration, ' ' She
is bravely putten on," where put
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
107
on is the verb, but when the pre-
position has the meaning of of.
' Hast thou putten on it away ? '
[Ez* tu puot'u'n ont; uwi'h' ?]
' He 's putten on it off while to-
morrow' [Iz* puot'u'n ont' aoh''f
waa'l tu-muo'h'n]. ' I 've putten
on it down' [Aa-y puot'u'n on*
it* doo'n], I have put, or set it
down. So rooted is this form
that in some phrases the preposi-
tions follow each other, as when
the verb to put on (Wh. Gl.} is
employed with the meaning of,
to impose upon, oppress, over-use
or take advantage of. ' Thou 's
putten on o' him long enough'
[Dhuoz' puot'u'n on' u inr laang*
uni'h'f].
Puzzom [puoz'um], sb. and v. a.
poison. Puzzomous [puoz*-
umus], adj. poisonous. Also puz-
zomful [puoz'u'mfuol], adj. but
a term more expressive of the
tendency to become poisonous;
noxious. Wli. Gl. ; gen. The
participles are formed in the
usual way, by the addition of
ing and ed, but the last term
may be said to fulfil the purpose
of a part. pres.
Pye [paa'J, v. n. to pry; to act
inquisitively. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Quart [kwaa't], v. a. to thwart.
Wh. GL ; Mid-Yorks., where it
is an odd pronunciation, thwart
[thwe'h't] being used more gener-
ally.
Quarterage [kwe'h't'rij], a quart-
erly allowance ; Mid.
QuGasy [kwrh'zi], adj. denoting
an unsettled, irritated state of
the stomach ; inclined to nausea ;
Mid. [Almost in general use \
it occurs thrice in Shakespeare.
W. W. S.]
Queer [kwrh'r], the pronuncia-
tion of choir ; Mid.
Quest [kwest', kwist*], inquest ;
Mid. ' A crowner's quest ' [U
kroon'uz kwest'], a coroner's in-
quest. Shakespeare has ' crown-
er's quest law; ' Hamlet, v. 1.
Quidgy [kwidji], adj. applied to
.anything exceedingly little; Mid.
What a little quidgy
it ia a quidgy ' * [Waat'
apple !
Aye, it is a quidgy ' [Waat' u
laai kwid'ji aap-u'l ! Aay, if
*iz' u kwid'ji]. Old people also
say Kudgy [kuod'ji] and, occa-
sionally, dudgy [kwuod'ji].
Quip [kwip-], v. a. to equip ; but
in freer use than ordinarily;
Mid. * Now, then, I am quipped
and ready!' [Noo, dhin', Aa'z
kwipt' un' rid'i], am fully dressed,
and ready.
Quit [kwuot*], v. a. and adj. to
quit. This is a peculiar change
of vowel favoured by some old
people; Mid.
Quoat [kw:uo'h't], sb., v. a., and
v. n. quoit. A term there is
much more use for in town
localities, where there are few
public-houses which have not
their ' skittle-alley ' and ' quoit-
garth' rearwards on the premises,
but is yet a familiar one in rural
parts, and the difference of re-
spective pronunciations suggests
the example. In town dialect, the
form is [kao'yt], and the word
is unknown as a verb. A Mid-
Yorkshire speaker would readily
say, ' I'm bown (going) to quoit 1
[Aa'z boon' tu kw:uo'h't] ; but a
southern speaker would not, save
under exceptional circumstances,
be likely to know what the word
meant. Himself, if a Leeds
man, would say, in unavoidable
periphrase, ' I 'm bown to lai'k
(play) at quoits ' [Aanr baa'n tu
le'h'k ut- kao-ytsj.
Raader [re'h'd'ur, ri'h'd'ur] ; or
Raather [re'h'dhur, ri'h'dhur],
adv. rather; gen.
Raaming [re-h'min], adj. denoting
size; gen. 'A gurt (great)
108
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
rdaming height ' [U :gu't re'h'm-
in :e-yt].
Rabble [raab'u'l], v. a. and v. n.
to gabble in reading. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Also, a substantive. ' He
made sike (such) a rabble on
(of) it, I couldn't understand a
word he said ' [Ee mi'h'd saa'k
u raab'u'l ont' Aa' kuod'u'nt
uo'nd'ustaan* u w:ao*d i sed'].
Rabble [raab'u'l], v. n. and sb.
to wrangle; Mid. 'What are
yond two rabbling about ? '
[Waats* yaon* tw:e*h' raab'lin
uboot- ?] ' Don't talk to him
about it ; it 's sure to end in a
rabble' [Din'ut taoh-'k tiv 'im'
uboot' it* ; its* si'h' tu ind' iv* u
raab'u'l].
Rabble-rout [raab-u'1-root], the
noise of a rabble. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Rack [raak']. 'As wet as rack'
[Uz- wee-t uz' raak'] is a com-
mon proverbial expression, in
allusion to the rack, or broken
vaporous clouds of the sky ; gen.
Raddle [raad-u'l], v. a. to beat
with a light stick, giving blows
in quick succession. Raddling,
sb. a beating after this manner.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. [Baddle, as a sb,
and diminutive of rod is given in
Parish's Sussex Glossary. And
see fiadling in E. D. S. Gloss.
B. 1, and Radlings in Gloss. B.
17. W.W. S.] '
Raen [re'h'n], the uncultivated
ground nigh a hedge ; gen. [Icel.
rein, a strip of land. W. W. S.]
Raff [raaf-]; or Riff-raff [rif--
raaf], sbs. sing, and plur. ap-
plied to low, disreputable people.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. The compound
is also used as an adjective. A
riff-raff lot. The first term is
occasionally used in Mid-Yorks.
as an active verb, to brush, or
rake together promiscuously.
4 Now, then, take the brush and
raff them well together' [Noo*
dhin- taak' t bruosh* urr raaf'
urn* weel' tugid*'u]. A ' raff-
monger' [raaf'-muong-ur] is a
dealer in odds and ends of wares,
and lumber.
Raffle [raaf 'u'l], v. a. to squander,
or dissipate. Also, as a verb
neuter, to confuse, or create dis-
order ; to wander, or become in-
coherent in talk. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Rafflepack [raaf-u'lpaak], sb.
and adj. a low, rakish company.
Wh. Gl.; gen.
Raffling [raaf-lin], adj. riotous
and dissipated. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Raflock [raafiuk], a fragment;
gen.
Ragabash. [raag'ubaash], sb. and
adj. ; or Ragaly [raag-uli], adj.
expressive of a beggarly, untidy
state. Wh. Gl. The last is a
Mid-Yorks. term; the first is
general, as are, also, ragabrash.
[raag'ubraash], and ragabrag
[raag'ubraag].
Raggles [raag-u'lz], an untidy
person ; gen.
Ragil [raagil], a loose, careless
person ; one of mischievous or
wilful, but not of an ill, disposi-
tion. Wh. Gl. ; gen. This is a
term mostly bestowed on juve-
niles, and, being one only of
good-humoured reproach, is wel-
comed. Amongst the adult pea-
santry it is employed as a some-
what fastidious term, and is used
complacently in the company of
superiors.
Ragriver [raag-raa-vur], a rude
romper; a 'tear-clothes.' Wh.
GL ; gen. The ' long i ' sound
[aay], noted in the Wh. Gl, is
also heard generally, but apart
from broad dialect.
Ragrowter [raag'raowt'u], v. n.
to indulge in rude, boisterous
play ; to romp, seizing the gar-
ments. Wh. Gl. (pres. part.);
Mid. Also, substantively.
Raitch [re-h'ch]. The Wh. Gl.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
109
definition (see E. D. S. Gloss. B.
2) is, "A white line down a
horse's face." The word may be
identical with ratch (see}, yet this
distinct pronunciation is also cur-
rent in Mid-Yorks., and is heard
over the north generally. But
the term is not restricted to a
natural mark or streak of this
kind upon a horse, but applies
equally to other animals, and to
any part of their body ; also to
persons and objects. It is em-
ployed as a verb, too, as chalk is
customarily. On occasions, it is
not easy to draw the line between
ratch and rai'tch, as in the
phrase, ' I '11 rai'tch thy rig if I
get hold of thee ! x [Aai re'h'ch
dhaa' 'rig' if- Aa git' aoh-'d u
dhu], will mark your back, if I
get hold of you.
Rakapelt [raak'upelt], a dissolute
character. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Raketime [re'h'ktaa-m], a miner's
term for that time when sets of
workmen relieve each other;
Nidd.
Ram [raanv], adj. rancid, or rank.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. [Icel. ramr,
strong. W. W. S.]
Ra'me [re'h'm], v. n. and v. a.
to vociferate, with an implication
of violent behaviour ; gen. ' Goes
rooming about like a madman '
[Gaanz- re'h'min uboot' laa'k u
maad'mun]. One going about a
house, ringing at the top of her
voice, will be desired not to ra'ma
in that way. ' Don't ra'me the
house down ! ' [Duon'ut re'h'm
t 'GO'S doon- !] [Very common
in Old English. A.S. hreman,
to cry out. W. W. S.]
Ramp-an-reave [raarnp --un-ri-h' v],
applied to lumber, or odds and
ends of any kind ; Mid. ' Go and
fettle (put to rights) the old
chamber, at the house end, and
if there 's any ramp-an' -reave
thou, liter-
' [Gaang-
about, pretha (pray tl
ally) let's be quit of it
un- fet'u'l t ao-h'd che'h'mur, ut'
t oo-s ind', un' if' dhuz' aon-i
raamp'-un-ri'h'v uboot' predh'u
lits* bi kwit* o t]."
Ramp-and-ree [raamp'-un-ree-],
a verbal phrase expressive either
of that kind of rough conduct
attaching to boisterous humour,
or of that coming of mad anger;
gen.
Ramps [raamps'], a reckless, dis-
sipated person ; gen.
Ramscallion [raamskaaHu'n], a
careless dirty person, of vagrant,
worthless habits. Not applied
with the direct meaning of the
simple forms (see), as in the Wh.
01; gen.
Ramshackle [raanrshaakuT), an
unsteady person, one upon whom
no dependence can be placed.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. In some slight
use as a verb, and common in the
form of a part. pres.
Randle-balk [raairu'1-bao-h'k] ;
or Gally-balk [gaall-bao"h'k] ;
or Beckon - balk [rek'u'n-
bao"h'k] ; or Reckon-perch and
peak [rek'u'n - p:ih'ch (and)
p:ih'k] ; or Gally-tree (gaal'i-
t'ree"]; orRandle-tree [raan'u'l-
t'ree"]. These are all names given
to the iron chimney - bar, by
which, with the aid of simple
' crooks, 7 or a ' reckon,' vessels
are suspended over the fire. Of
the number, the first three, to-
gether with JReckon-perch, are
contained in the Wh. Gl. The
first three are general, and, col-
lectively, are heard in Mid- York-
shire only.
Random [raaird'um], sb. and adj.
loose ; Mid. ' It 's bown (going)
to be a random day with him '
[Its' boon' tubi uraan'd'um di'h'
wi im'], a loose, or idle day.
'He's on the random again'
[Eez- ut' raan'd'um ugi'h'n], off
work, or, * on the loose ' again.
The Wh. Gl. employs randan
with a somewhat similar mean-
110
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
in. One may hear this form, at
times, in the north, but it is
hardly recognised.
Rannock [raairuk], a rake, or
spendthrift. Wh. Ol. ; Mid.
The verb is also common, but the
past part, is unheard to any ex-
tent. The substantive is also
applied to half -wild, rompish
sheep. Those of the Masham
breed are known as rannocks.
Rant [raant*], the feast-days of
Nidderdale localities are called
rants. The chief of these is that
known as ' Netherdil Rant,' held
at Pateley-Bridge.
Raps [maps'], news, familiarly.
Wh. Gl.; gen.
Rash [raaslr], a narrow piece of
arable land left uncultivated ;
gen.
Rasp [raasp-], v. a. and v. n. to
overheat; Mid. Bread baked
too quickly is rasped. A. person
excuses himself for slow walking,
by saying that when he walks
quickly he gets ' rasping hot very
soon' [raas-pin uo'h't vaaru
si'h'n],
Ratch [raatclr], a stripe ; Mid.
Rate [re-h't], v. a. a weather
term. To be rated, is to be
exposed to inclement or raty
weather; gen. Timber is rated
by being exposed through all
seasons. See Rait in E. D. S.
Gloss. B. 2, and B. 15.
Ratton [raat-u'n], rat. Wh. Gl ;
gen. to the county.
Rave [rrh'v], a state of mad pas-
sion, or fury ; with the meaning
of the verb to rave ; Mid.
Raw-gob [rao'h'-gob], an abrupt,
vulgar speaker ; one who is
coarse-mouthed. Wh. Gl. (past
part.); gen.
Rax [raaks 1 ], v. a. and v. n.
to stretch, or wrench; gen. A
mustard-plaister is said to have
been a raxer. A person will toll
of ' a nasty raxin' pain ' he is
subject to. Rax, sb. (Wh. Gl.}
and v. a. also, a sprain.
Razzen [raaz'un], v. a. When any-
thing out of the oven, or from
before the fire, is rather more
burnt than baked, it is razzened ;
Mid. To over-broil a portion of
a joint, would be to razzle
[raaz-u'l] (Wh. GL} it.
Razzle [raaz-u'l], v. a. See Raz-
zen.
Read [ri'h'd] ; or Rid [rid-], adj.
red. These forms are general,
but the old Mid-Yorkshire people
employ read [ri-h'd] (Wh. GL}
more frequently than is usual in
Nidderdale. Nor in words similar
to rid. do the Nidderdale people
make such use of the [i].
Reak [rrh'k], v. a. to reach;
Mid. ' Reak me that flitch down '
[Bi'h'k mu dhaat 1 flik* doo'n].
Flitch is quite as commonly
[fli-h'k] and [flih''k], mostly
among the old people.
Rean [rrh'n], sb. and v. n. the
pronunciation of reign ; gen.
Reang [rrh'ng], a discoloured
line, or stripe, " as, the flesh from
the stroke of a switch, or whip.
A face is reanged with dirt when
it has soiled finger-marks down
it." Wh. Ol. ; gen.
Reap [ri'h'p], a stalk, or stem;
Mid. [P:ey-ri'h'ps], pea-stalks.
Reast [ri'h'st], hoarseness. Reasty
[ri'hsti], adj. ; gen.
Reast [ri'h'st], a rancid or rusty
state, as applied to meats, and to
bacon particularly; gen. Wh.
Gl. adj. also common.
Reast [ri'h'st], a state of restive-
ness, or obstinacy. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. A term most frequent in
regard to a horse's behaviour,
but not unusual in its applica-
tion to persons. Wh. GL adj. also
common; gen.
Reb [reb'], rib ; Mdd.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Ill
Reckling [rek-lin] ; or Hackling
[raak'lin], applied to a puny, or
rickety child; also, to animals
(particularly to swine), a reckling
being employed to denote the
last young one of a litter. [Of.
Icel. reklingr, an outcast.
W. W. S.]
Reckon [rek'u'n], an apparatus
attached to a chimney-bar, and
used for suspending vessels over
the fire. The form varies, but
is usually a flat bar of iron,
. hook-shaped at one end, and an-
gular at the other ; drilled, also,
with a number of holes, one
above the other, to receive a pot-
hook, which, sliding through a
hole in the bottom piece of the
reckon, can be put to additional
use in diminishing or extending
the vessel's distance from the
top of the fire. Wh. OL ; gen.
' Ringing the reckon,' by way of
proclaiming a stroke of good
fortune, is not at all times a
mere figure of speech, but is a
custom often humorously re-
sorted to within-doors.
Reckon-crook [rek'u'n-knih'k] ;
or Beckon - cruke [rek'u'n -
kriwk], the hook attached to
the * reckon ' (see}. The first form
appears in the Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Red [red-, rid'], v. a. to unloose,
or unravel; to unriddle; Mid.
' Red me that out, wilt thou ? '
[Bed* mu dhaat' oot', wi tu?],
Unravel me that, will you ?
Rsek [reek-], stock, i. e. in asso-
ciation with race, or lineage;
but employed with an ill-mean-
ing ; gen. ' They are a bad
reek.' ' Aye, and they come of a
bad reek' [Dhur' u baad* reek"
:Ey, un* dhe 'kuom' u u baad'
reek 4 ].
Reek [reek'], sb. and v. n. a
state of hot anger ; Mid. The
verb is apt to undergo a vowel-
change. [Oo i diz' rih-'k !], How
he does reek ! or, fume.
Reek [reek-, rih-'k], v. n. and
sb. to smoke, or emit vapour.
Reeky [reek'i] , adj . smoky. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. to the county.
Reightle [reyt-u'l], v. a. to put
to rights; Mid. 'Nay, reightle
thyself up a bit before thou
goes, or thou '11 flay the crows
on the road ! ' [Ne-h', reyt'u'l
dhisen' :uo'p u bit' ufuo'h' dhuo
gaanz', u dhuol* fl:e'h' t krao-h'z
ut' r:uo'h'd], or you will frighten
the crows on the way.
Remling [rinrlin], remnant;
Mid.
Remmle [renru'l], v. a. to beat
with a stick, but either in sport,
or without real angry feeling;
Mid. The word is mostly used
in playful threat. ' Come, come,
that 's thy gran' dad's chair ; he '11
be for remmling of thee if thee
doesn't get out of it' [Kuonr,
kuonr, dhaats- dhi graan'dad
che-h'r; eel' bi fu remiin ao
dhu, if' tu dis'u'nt git' oo'tont'].
* They want remmling well, for
their own good' [Dhe waant'
rem'lin wee'l, fu dhur* ao'h'n
gilr'd] or [giw'd], as some of the
old people would say.
Remmon [rinrun], v. a. to shift,
or remove. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
'The place is just as it was
thou's remmoned nought, I see?
[T plih-'s iz- juost- uz- it' waar*
dhuoz' rinrund 'naowt', Aa
sees'], i. e. the room has not been
tidied at all.
Render [rin'd'ur], v. a. to melt,
or boil down. 'Rendered fat,'
dripping. Benderments [rur-
d'uments], sb. pi. portions of fat,
of all kinds, melted into a mass.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Equally applied,
as a plural term, to the fat of
various kinds in separate por-
tions. Also renderings [rin'-
d'rinz], sb. pi.
Rensh [rinsh-], v. a. to rinse ; gen.
112
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
It may be worthy of a note that
wrench is pronounced identically.
Hew [riw], p. t. of the verb to
row; Mid.
Rezzle [riz-u'l], the weasel. Wli.
GL; Mid.
Rick [rik-]; or Rich [Rich-], Rich-
ard ; gen.
Rift [rift-], v. n. to belch. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Rig [rig 4 ], ridge. Also applied
to the lower part, or ridge, of the
back, and freely employed in
"ace of this word. Wh. GL ;
m. Old people are met with who
ibitually add [h'J, but when
this is the case the vowel is un-
usually short. [The original
sense of ridge is back. A.S.
hrycg, the back ; also, a ridge.
W. W. S.]
Rigging [rig in], the roof-timbers,
or rafters. Rigging-tree [rig'-
in-t'ree"], the beam constituting
the ridge of the roof. Wh. GL ;
gen. [T'r:ey] is the frequently
used refined form of the last
word.
Riggle [rig-u'l] (commonly spelt
wriggle), v. n. to sway with the
back, with a short, quick motion,
as sheep do when standing in
flock; gen.
Right [reet-], v. a. to put to
rights, literally and figuratively ;
but more particularly employed
in place of the verb to comb.
Righting-comb[reet*in-ki"h'm],
a hair - comb. To ' right out,'
to comb out. Righting [reetin],
pres. part. Wh. GL; gen. These
are common southern forms,
too. At Leeds, rightener [reyt'-
nu] is also used of a large-
toothed hair-comb. Lash, v. a.,
Lash-comb, sb. are also more
or less employed generally in the
county. Lasher, sb. as applied
to a large-toothed comb is heard,
too. This is the most favoured
form amongst uncouth speakers
in southern localities.
Right-on-end [reet'-un-ind-], adj.
in a straight course. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also, used to signify on
end, or the right way up; as
when one is told to roll a barrel
to a spot, and place it right-on-
end ; or, to lift up a loose wheel,
and place it right-on-end against
the wall.
Rig mar owl [rig-muraowl], a
drunkard, familiarly ; Mid.
Rim [rim 1 ], a spoke, or 'rung ' of
a ladder ; Mid.
Rimrace [rinvri-h's], a very small
seam of ore say, about half an
inch in thickness ; Nidd.
Rind [raavnd, r:aa-yndl See
Hind.
Ringe [rinj-], v. n. to whine, in
pain ; to utter a low sharp cry of
distress, when this is visible.
" ' To ringe and twist ' " to com-
plain, with an expression of
acute feeling in the countenance.
Hinge, sb. also, a sprain. Wh.
GL ; Mid. ' I've got a ringe in my
shackle' [Aa*v git'u'n u rinj- i
maa- shaak'ul], have sprained
my wrist. In the first sense, the
form is, also, common as a sub-
stantive. [Obviously a mere va-
riation of wrench, pronounced
[rinsh-].-W. W. S.]
Ripple [rip-u'l], v. a. to scratch
slightly, drawing blood, but not
causing a flow. Wh. GL ; gen.
The substantive is equally com-
mon, and may be implied in the
Wh. GL It is not limited in
application. Parting a layer of
dust on the floor with the point
of a stick would, e. g. create a
ripple. A mark across the grain
of wood, as if where a saw had
just grazed, would be called a
ripple, too.
Risement [raa'zmunt], an increase
in price, or wages; gen. 'His
wages have always been the
same ; he 's never had any of
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
113
your risements ' [Iz' we'h'jiz ev
yaal'us bin* t si"h'm ; -eez- nivur
ed- aon-i u yu -raa-zimints].
Rising [raa-zin], yeast, or any
substitute, usually gets this name ;
gen.
Hist [rist-] ; or Rust [most'], sb.,
v. n., and v. a. rest ; Mid. The
old people cling to the last form.
Rive [raa-v], v. a. and sb. to tear ;
gen. The Wh. Gl. quotes the
verb. In Mid-Yorks. the word
is also occasionally heard sub-
stantively, to denote a tear-drop.
It is never heard in the plural.
Roven [rovu'n] (Wh. GL), one
of the forms of fche perf. part.
Rob [Rob-, Raoh-'b, Ruoh-'b] ;
or Robin [Rob-in, Raoh-'bin,
Ruob'in, Ruolr'bin] ; or Hob
[Ob-, Aoh-'b], Robert ; gen.
Rocktree [rok-t'ree-- (and) t'rih'] ;
or Balk [bao-h'k], the large
swing-bar, belonging to traces,
to which smaller bars are at-
tached when additional horses
are yoked to an implement, or
vehicle; gen.
Roke [ruoh-'k], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to perspire heavily; a state
of exhalation. Wh. Gl. (sb. and
adj.) ; gen. ' He sweats and rokes
like an old horse' [Ee 'swrh'ts
un* -ruoh-'ks laa'k un' aoh-'d
*aos']. ' He fair (quite) rokes wet '
[I fe-h'r ruoh-'ks weet'], said of
an animal from which a dense
vapour is rising. ' Roky weather '
means a warm, vaporous state
of the atmosphere.
Rook [rook-], a bundle, as applied
to clover; gen.
Roupy [roopi, raowp-i], adj.
hoarse - voiced. ' Rouped up,'
closed in the throat, necessitat-
ing laboured, or feeble speaking.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Roup is also a
verb active, but infrequent in
use. In this, as in other words
of the same class, with their de-
rivatives, the vowels [oo] and
[aow] have about an equal use,
and are employed indiscrimin-
ately in both vulgar and refined
Rousle [roo'zu'l], v. a. to rouse;
Mid.
Rout [root-, raowt-], v. a. to
search, employing the hands ;
to drag forth ; to bring to view ;
gen. The Wh. GL has to rout
about,' with a general explana-
tion.
Rout [root-, raowt-], v. n. "To
low or bellow, as cattle." Wh.
Gl. ; Mid. Also, to bellow, or
speak boisterously, and, at times,
employed as a substantive.
Router [root-'ur, raowt-'ur], v. a.
and v. n. to search amidst a con-
fusion of things ; to turn out
mixed contents, for examination,
or tidying purposes. Routering-
time [raowt "'u'rin taa-m], a
houjse - cleaning, or other such
time. Wh. Gl. ; gen? Both
terms are also employed substan-
tivety in the senses' indicated.
Router [root-'ur, raowt-'ur], a
rushing or confused noise of any
kind ; a commotion, or 'to do.'
Wh. Gl. ; gen. The verb is also
employed.
Router [roo't'ur], sb. and v. n.
loud empty talk ; Mid. ' What 's
he standing routering there at ? '
[Waats- i staan'in roo'tu'rin
dhi'h'r aat- ?]
Routy [root'i, raowt -i], adj. rank
and coarse, as applied to grass.
Wh. GL; Mid.
Row [raow], v. n. to engage in
hand - labour vigorously, and
with commotion. Wh. GL; gen.
Also in use substantively.
Rowan-tree [raowun-t'ree-] ; or
Rown-tree [raown--t'ree--], the
mountain-ash, much used in a
variety of superstitious ways as
a preservative against witchcraft.
Wh. Gl.; gen. The refined
8
114
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
forms are [ruwun (and) ruwn*-
t'r:ey].
Rowhead [raowi-h'd (and)
yi**h'd], a hobgoblin ; Mid.
Rownd [raownd-], the roe of fish.
Wh. GL; gen.
Roy [rao'y], v. n. to indulge in
reckless conduct. The word is
perhaps oftenest heard with on
following adverbially, as in the
Wh. Ol. , but the addition is not
obligatory. ' He drinks and
roys at t' end on 't ' [I d'ringks'
tin' rao'yz ut' ind' ont'], He
' drinks ' and is reckless to an
extremity; Mid.
Rozzil [roz-il] ; or Russel [ruos-il],
v. n. and v. a. to wither. The
Wh. Gl. quotes " ruaaeWd,
withered as an apple," but the
verb, though oftenest heard in
connection with orchard - fruit,
has no restriction. The first
verb is, however, in most use.
Ruck [ruolr] ; or Ruckle
[ruok-u'l] ; or Bockle [rok'u'l],
a pile ; usually applied to one of
bean-sheaves. A ruckle of these
are four, bound together at the
top. The two first forms are
general; the last a Mid- York-
shire.
Rud [ruod-] ; or Red-rud [rid--
ruod'], red ochre. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ruddock [ruod'uk], a robin ; gen.
Rud-stake [ruod'-stih'k], a stake
to which cattle are fastened in
the barn. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ruff [ruof'J, applied to the moon's
halo ; gen. It is looked upon as
a sign of rain.
Rulley [ruol'i], a waggon, with-
out sides, and very low in build,
used in market - towns where
business is going on; Mid. A
reduced form of the ' wherry '
employed by the railway carriers
of the southern manufacturing
towns.
Rrmbustical [ruombuos'tiku'l],
adj. of a coarse turbulent ad-
dress, with venturesome, corre-
sponding manners.' Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Rumption [ruonrshu'n], a com-
motion. Wh. Gl.; Mid. Rump-
ture [ruonvt'ur], also, for a
tumultuous outbreak.
Rung [ruong*]. The rungs of a
cart are the topmost side por-
tions ; gen.
Runnel [ruoiril], a rivulet, or
rill. Also, a funnel. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. There are also employed
runlet [ruon'lit] with the first
meaning, and tunnel [tuon-il]
with the last ; these forms being
general.
Runty [ruon'ti], adj. short-set,
active, and hardy in appearance.
Wh. GL ; Mid. The t is dental
in some cases.
Rush [ruosh-1, a crowd ; a merry-
making. Wh.. Gl.; Mid. In
several Yorkshire localities, the
term is applied to the yearly
feast-days.
Ruttings [ruot'inz], sb. pi. animal
entrails. Wh. GL ; Mid. Also
shortened to ruts [mots*].
Ruttle [ruot'u'l], v. n. to rattle,
usually applied to throat-sounds,
and particularly to the noise
heard from a dying person, too
weak to make the effort to
breathe. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Also,
common as a substantive.
Sackless [saak-lus], adj. and sb.
innocent; Mid.
Sad [saad-], adj. heavy ; in a co-
hesive, moist state, as applied to
substances. Wh. GL ; gen. ' As
sad as a dumpling' [Uz* saad*
uz* u duonrplin]. 'As sad as
liver ' [Uz' saad' uz- livu].
Sag [saag 1 ], v. n. and v. a. to
gain in bulk, from overweight,
as when a full sack on the back
of a horse inclines, or sags, on
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
115
one side until it ' sags over' [saagz-
aowh'r]. Wh. Gl. < Sagg'd out '
[saagd* oot-], also common ; gen.
Sai'm [se-h'm, si'h'm], hog's-lard.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Saint Pawsle [Saant* (and)
Sih-'nt Pao-h'su'l]; Mid. "In
a district of the North Biding,
this mythical saint is a subject
of constant allusion, as one hav-
ing superlative excellencies, but
a saint whose day in the calendar
never comes. Of a bright copper
show - kettle, it mil be said :
* That 's for better days than
Sundays: it's for St Pawsle' s,
and St Pawsle e'ens ' [Dhaats*
fur- bet*'u di-h'z un* Suon-duz :
its- fu Su'nt* Pao-h'su'lz, un*
Su'nt* Pao'h'su'l ee'nz]. One
youth will say to another :
* When 's thou going to don thy
new coat, Rich ? ' ' 0' St Pawsle' s '
[Winz* dhoo- boon* tu don* dhi
nih*' kuo-h't, Bich* ? U Su'nt'
Pao-h'su'lz], will be the evasive
response." The above appeared
as a communication to Notes and
Queries, several years ago, but
elicited no reply. [Clearly a
corruption of 'Saint Apostle.'
The vagueness is due to the in-
tentional refraining from men-
tioning which apostle. W. W. S.]
Sai'r [seii'r], adj. the pronuncia-
tion of sore. Employed, also,
as an adverb. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Sai'ry [se'h'ri], adj. in a sickly
state. Wh. GL ; gen.
Sai'ry [seh-'ri] ; or Soary [suoh-'ril;
or Surry [suori, suri (ref.)J,
adj, sorry ; gen. The first forms
usually precede a noun, especially
if emphasis is required. ' He 's
a soary friend ' [Eez* u 'suoh-'ri
frind']. 'Them's safry coal;
they won't burn' [Dhemz* seh*'ri
kuo-h'l ; dhe whvut bapn-]. The
first form belongs to Mid-Yorks. ;
the second is most usual in the
north ; and the last is always
used in refined speech. Soary
is a south-wost form, too, but
rarely with a long vowel sound,
and in little character.
Sam [saanr], v. a. to gather ; gen.
Also, to curdle (v. n. Wh. GL} ;
Mid.
Samcast [saanrkaast, saanrkest],
sb. sing, and plur. a farming-
term for land ploughed in
breadths of five or six yards ;
Mid. 'I am bown (going) to
plough in samcast ' [Aa*z boon*
to ploo i saanrkaast]. The fur-
rows are not ' crossed,' or tra-
versed, but merely exist as drains.
[The prefix sam in Old English
is cognate with, not borrowed
from, the Latin semi, with the
same sense. Thus, samrede =
half red, half ripe, is used of
cherries in Piers the Plowman,
C. ix. 311. Hence samcast is,
literally, half-cast ; meaning,
perhaps, partially ploughed.
W-. W. S.]
Saptoppin [saap-topin], a want-
wit - Mid.
Sark [saa-k], a shirt. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Sana [saaru] ; or Sarve [saa-v],
v. a. and v. n. to serve; gen.
The last form is usually employ-
ed before a word beginning with
a vowel. ' Away with thee and
sarra t' pigs ' [Uwrh' wi dhu
un* saar*u t pigz*]. Wh. GL
Sarro wings [saaru-inz], sb. pL
slops or messes for the pig-
trough (Wh. GL); gen.; or, for
cattle ; Mid. Occasionally, in
Mid- Yorkshire, the word is used
for the quantity of milk yielded
by one cow.
Sathan [Seh-'thun], is often the
pronunciation of Satan. When
the f only is sounded, the word
is [Sih-'tun] ; ref. [Se-h'tun],
the vowel being invariably long
in the last form ; gen. Both theso
may be often heard with a
dental t.
116
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Saul [sao'h'l], the pronunciation
of soul; gen.
Saumas [saoh-'mus (but with the
first vowel often long)], lit. Soul-
mass, the feast of All Souls,
November 2. Saumas - e'en
t r saoh''mus-ee'n]. Saumas-cake
-kih'k], a small fruit-cake, pre-
pared for eating on this day.
Wh. GL The preparation of these
cakes is alluded to in the Wh.
Gl. as a custom known in the
locality in the early part of the
century. It yet lingers in Mid-
Yorkshire.
Sau't [sao'h't], v. n. and v. a. to
saunter ; Mid.
Saut [saolr't], the pronunciation
of salt, and usual to the class of
word. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Sawcome [srao'h'kurn], sawdust.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid. See Coom in
E. D. S. Gloss. B. 7.
Say [se'h', si'h'], v. a. and sb. to
control, by word of mouth. Also,
to convince. Saying, and sayed,
past and pres. parts. The last
form is exampled in the Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Scaddle [skaad-u'l], adj. timid,
usually applied to a horse ; gen.
Scalder [sk:ao-h'd'ur], v. a. to
leave the appearance of a blister-
ed, or chafed place. An ' angry '
place is also so designated. Wh.
Scale [ske-h'l], v. a. and v. n. to
scatter ; Mid. As a neuter verb,
its use is infrequent.
Scaljibrat [skaalibraat], a " pas-
sionate or screaming child." Wh.
Gl. ; Mid. A romping, rudely
boisterous child also gets the
name.
Scallion
Gl
Scamperil [skaanrpu'ril], a scamp-
ish juvenile ; Mid.
Scar' [skaa'r], scare.; gen. ' It
put such on (of) a scar' on them
Llion fskaal-yunl, a leek. Wh.
I ; Mid.
that they never dared go again
[It* puot* sa'yk* n u 'skaa'r on'
urn' ut' dhe nivur 'daa'd gaang'
ugi'h'n].
Scarbro'-row [Skaa'bru-raow].
"When sufficiently used tea-leaves
have more water added to them,
it is a humorous proceeding to
give a shaking to the tea-pot,
which action is called a Scarbro'-
row ; an allusion, it may be sup-
posed, to the exigencies associated
with the lodging-houses there.
The same process is also called,
' a mantua-maker's ([maan'ti-
maakuz]) twist ; ' Mid.
Scaud-lit-on 't ! [skaoh-'d-lit-ont !]
an imprecation, used in anger,
but meaningless. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
[Formerly, the meaning was
clear, viz. * a scald light on it ! '
A scald, or scall, is a sort of scab.
See Levit. xiii. 30. W. W. S.]
Scaum [skao'h'm], insincere talk ;
banter; Mid. One listening to
a letter being read will, at a
characteristic passage, say of the
writer, ' That 's like his scaum '
[Dhaats' laa'k iz' skao'h'm], like
his trick of talk ; being more
humorous than sincere. The
term is also applied to scornfully-
abusive language. It is also
used as indicating the appearance
of scorn ; Mid. ' And she had
such a scaum in her face all the
time she was going on ' [Un*
sh:i'h'd 'sa'yk u skao'h'm i ur %
fi'h's yaal- t taa'm shu wur'
gaan-in aon'].
Scau'my [skaoh-'mi], adj. gaudy ;
Mid.
Scaup [skaolr'p], the pronuncia-
tion of scalp. The top of the
head, or skull, when hairless.
Also, a stony or rocky surface.
Scaupy, adj. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Scirwhew fsku'wiwl, adv. awry ;
Nidd.
Sconce [skaons*, skons*, skaolr'ns],
a screen. Used, also, in figure ;
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
117
Mid. A ' fire - sconce ' [faayr-
skons]. A beggar will carry
a basket holding a few wares for
' a bit of a sconce,' i. e. in pre-
tence of being a dealer.
Sconce [skons-], v. a. to seat
one's self; to couch, resting on
the limbs. Also, substantively,
for a fixed, shelf-like seat ; gen.
The word is in greatest use as a
verb.
Scopperil [skop'ril, skuop'ril], a
teetotum. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Sconce [skoos', skaows'], v. a.
to seize and beat, with the open
hand. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Scouch [skooch*], v. n. to couch,
or stoop low ; Mid.
Scourge [skwuo-h'j] ; or Scourgy
[skwuo'h'jij, a short whip, the
lash of which is usually made of
horse-hair.
Scow [skaow] ; or Scowder
[skaow'd'ur] ; or Scowderment
[skaowd'ument], a cleaning bout
of any kind ; the confused noise
of any process performing by
hand. Wh. GL ; gen. The two
first forms are also in use as
neuter verbs.
Scraffle [skraaf-u'l], v. n. to con-
tend with the hands, as amidst
a throng, for place or position ;
or, in a reaching struggle for
something held out. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Also, substantively.
Scram [skraanr], v. a. and sb. to
gather from the ground, by as
many as the hand can at once
seize; gen.
S cramp [skraamp-], v. a. to
gather, clutchingly, as in a chil-
dren's scramble for nuts; Mid.
Alluding to a person's savings,
it will be said, ' He 's gotten it
(the money) scramped together,
somehow ' [Eez* git'u'n it
skraampt' tugid''ur, suom'oo"].
Scran [skraan'], food, familiarly.
Scran - time [skraan' - taa"m],
food, or meal-time. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. ' He 'd neither scrip nor
scran ' [Id* ne'h'd'ur skrip' nur*
skraan'], had nothing, or, was
worth nothing at all. [Of. Icel.
sJcran, rubbish, marine stores.
W. W. S.]
Scrapple [skraap-ul]; or Scropple
[skrop-ul], v. n. to struggle with
the hands ; Mid. Of a delirious
person, it will be said, that she
' did nought but j older (jolt) her
head about, and scropple' [did-
naowt bud- jaowld'ur u yi'h'd
uboot- TUT skrop-ul].
Scrat [skraat'], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to scratch. Also, in the sense of
to ' tussle ' or struggle for a bare
living. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Scrat [skraat-], the devil. Usually
with the prefix Old [aoh-'d].
Wh. Gl. ; gen. [Icel. skratti, a
goblin, a devil. W. W. S.]
Scrawm [skrao'h'm], v. a. and
v. n. to scribble, in long charac-
ter; to smear, in up and down
lines ; to grope, with great action
of the hands. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Also, substantively.
Scrawt [sknao'h'tl v. a. to scratch,
leaving a mark. Scrawty
[sknao'h'ti], adj. Wh. GL; Mid.
The first form is also employed
substantively.
Screed [skree-d], sb. and v. a.
a long shred, or border, of paper,
or any similar material; gen.
Wh. GL As an active verb, the
word is in common use. ' Screed
that bit off, the whole length '
[Skree-d dhaat' bit' aoff , t yaal-
lenth-].
Screeding [skreed-in], a scolding-
match among women, when vio-
lence may go the length of tear-
ing, or screeding, the cap. Wh.
GL; gen.
Screel [skrrh'l], v. n. and sb.
to cry, in a shrieking manner;
gen.
118
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Screelpoke [skrrh'lpuoh'k], a
name bestowed on a crying child ;
Mid.
Scribe [skraa'b], an inscription,
or writing. Wh. GL ; Mid. As
a neuter verb the term is some-
what more common. It is also
occasionally heard substantively.
Scrike [skraa-k], v. n. to scream.
Wh. OL; gen. Equally com-
mon as a substantive.
Scrimp [skrimp-], a small por-
tion, or object; Mid. Wh. GL,
" scrimpy" [skrim'pi] and " scrimp-
ed up" [skrimpt- uop*], adjs. ;
also common. [Of. Eng. shrimp.
W. W. S.]
Scrog [skrog-], a shrub, or similar
stumpy growth. Scrogs (Wh.
GL}, underwood generally; Mid.
Scrowl [skraowl], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to scrawl; Mid.
Scrubble [skruob'u'l], v. n. to
make shift laboriously ; Mid. A
person will say, ' I 've to scrubble
hard enough for my bit ' for the
little he (or she} earns [Aa*v tu
skruob'u'l aa'd ini'h'f fir maa'
bit']. The word conveys the
idea of ' hand-and-nail ' work.
Scrudge [skruodj-], v. n. and
v. a. to crowd up, or squeeze.
Scrowdge [skraowdj'], Wh. GL,
past part., in use also ; Mid.
Scruff [skruof'] ; or Scrufment
[skruof'ment], scum, dross, or
other like impurity. Wh. GL,
the last form being given in the
plural, which is more used than
the singular in Mid-Yorks. and
Nidd. Kenned speakers usually
drop the s systematically in the
plural use of the last word ; and
in each there is a change of
vowel to [o] ; gen.
Scruff [skruof*], to scrub lightly.
" Scruffin ([skruof-in] sb.), a
long mop for cleaning the bottom
of the bakers' oven." Wh. GL ;
Mid. Hard work of any kind
with a mop amounts to no more
than scruffing. One will be told
to get a besom and scruff the
enow off the doorstone; by which
sentence it will be understood
that, from its partially iced state,
only the surface portions can bo
cleared to any extent.
Scruffle [skruof-u'l], v. n. and sb.
to contend, or scuffle. Also,
figuratively. Wh. GL ; gen.
Scrunchings [skruon'shinz], sb.
pi. broken bread in small por-
tions, or victuals in remaining
morsels. Wh. GL ; Mid. The
form employed in the singular is
usually scrunclieon [skruon'-
shun].
Scry [skraa-], v. a. to descry.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Scud [skuod*], v. a. to scrape,
with an implement. Wh. GL ;
Mid.
Scufter [skuof't'ur], v. n. and
sb. to hurry. ' I can bide an
hour, then I must be sniftering'
[Aa* kun' baa'd un* oo'h'r, dhin"
Aa* mun* bi skuof -fu'rin] ; Mid.
Scug [skuog*], a squirrel ; Mid.
Scum-fish [skuonrfish], v. a. to
stifle, or suffocate. Wh. GL
past part., also employed ; gen.
Scutch [skuoch'], v. a. and sb.
to whip, or scourge ; Mid.
Scutter [skuot-'ur], v. a. "To
run to waste, as a taper in a
wind." Wh. GL ; gen. Also, a
V. n., to run quickly ; or, to flow
fast, with a jerky movement, as
the contents of a barrel when
unplugged.
Sea [si'h'], v. a. and v. n. to see.
This form is usually employed
before a consonant. It is a con-
stituent in many interjectional
phrases. ' Nobbut see buts ! '
[Naob-ut si'h' buodz- !], Only
see, but ! only see I ' Sees t'e
buts ! ' [Si'h'z tu buo'dz !], Look
you, but! look you! gen. In all
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
119
words where the vowel is [ee*], in
dialect speech, there is a tend-
ency to employ a fracture, and
to make the vowel a short one,
with a final element. But in
cases where the word is a mono-
syllable, this usage occurs by
rule in a very pronounced way.
In such common words as [dee*]
die, [nee*] knee, [wee'] we, [bee 1 ]
be, [flee 1 ] fly, [free*] tree, and
others, true dialect speakers make
the change insensibly before con-
sonants. Nor are indications of
this usage wanting in the refined
of these monosyllabic forms (as
[sey, dey, ney, wey,bey, fley,
trey']), as employed by the
peasantry ; in two of the above,
_sey] and [bey], the change is
often to [seyh'] and [beyh'],
with distinctness ; but the habit
in connection with these refined
forms is slight, and unfixed. In
only one word in southern dia-
lect, see [see-, si'h'], does this
substitution of [i'h'] for [ee']
occur.
S
agle [srh'gu'l], v. n.
indolently; Mid.
to loiter
Seak [silr'k], p. t. of suck (in
dialect pronunciation [suo'k]) ;
Mid.
Seak [si'h'k], adj. sick. ' I was
neither seak nor sore ' [Aa- waa
naow'd'ur si'h'k nur" se'h'r], was
without an ailment. Used, also,
in relation to condition of mind.
Wh. GL; gen. Sek [sek*] is
employed as an adjective and
substantive, and is the refined
form.
Seakening [srh'knin], a child-
birth. Wh. GL; gen.
Sear [si'h'r] ; or Suar [siwh'r],
adj. and adv. sure ; gen. The
last form is often [seewh'r] in
emphasis. The quickest speakers
employ [siw'h'r], and, unempha-
tically, [siw'h'r]. The first form
often interchanges with [si'h'r].
In conversation, when the first
pers., pres. t. of to be occurs,
the verb is omitted, being ren-
dered unnecessary because of
the two s's in conjunction. In
such a sentence as, ' I shall soon
come/ where there is also this
order of contact, both s's are
always heard [Aa - z si'h'n
kuo'm]. The same forms of sure
are also employed for assure ' I
assured him it was true' [Aa'
si'h'd inv it waa t'ri'h'].
Seave [srh'v], the common dry
rush. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
See ing-glass [see'in-dlaas], a
looking-glass. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Seg [seg'] ; or Bulseg [buol'seg],
a sedge, or water-rush. Wh.
GL ; gen. An old Holy Thursday
custom prevails in many villages
of strewing segs over the door-
stones of houses. This custom
existed in York up to a few
years ago. A lady, long a re-
sident of the city, says she re-
members having seen Ousegate
a main thoroughfare there
with both causeways covered, for
a long distance, with rushes.
Semmant [sinrunt], adj. slender.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Semmit [sinrit], adj. flexible.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Set [set', sit'], v. a. to send forth ;
to place a value upon ; to accom-
pany (Wh. GL}. 'They were
setten home by half-past one '
[Dhu wu set'u'n yaam* biv
ao'h'f-paast* yaan']. 'He puts
great set on it ' [I puots* gut' set*
aont']. 'Who set thee?' *I
wasn't setten; I came by my-
self' [We-h' set* dhu ? Aa
waa'nt set'u'n; Aa* kaam* bi
misel'] ; gen.
Sets [sets*, sits'], an equivalent
for matters, or things, as usually
employed colloquially ; gen. * She
is no great sets of a lass ' [Shilr'z
ne'h' gri'h't sets* u u laas*], of
no great abilities, in respect of
120
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
what is being spoken of not
much good for. ' How are you
to-day ? ; ' No great sets, dame,
thank you' [Oo' aa-ryi tu-di'h' ?
Ne*h' gut" sets', di'h'm, thengk-
yu].
Setten [sit-u'n, set'u'n], used of
anything set or burnt to the
bottom of a vessel while on the
fire, as milk, for want of stirring
up, or potatoes, for want of a
shake in the pan; gen. The
word is usually followed by on.
Such is the case, too, with the
verb, to set, also in use. Setting
[sitin], adj. Pot-sitten (Wh.
GL} [pot'-situ'n], 'set on' or
burnt to the vessel used. ' Setten-
on' is also used adjectivally in
respect of food with a burnt
flavour; gen.
Setten-on [set-u'n-aoir], adj.
dwarfed; gen. The participial
ending is a common addition to
verbs.
Setter [set-ti, sit-u], a seton.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Setty [seti], adj. and adj. part,
conceited; Mid.
Sew [siw], p. t. of sew, but also
used in the present ; gen.
Shab [shaab'J, v. n. to act meanly.
Wh. Gl.; Mid.
Shackle [shaak-u'l], the wrist;
the ancle. The term ' shacMe-
end' is applied to the thin end
of any club-shaped article ; gen.
Shaf [shaaf ], the wrist, familiarly.
Shafment [shaaf-mint], sb.(Wh.
GL} the wrist's circumference;
Mid.
Shaffle [shaaf -u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to shuffle. Snaffling, pres. part.
Wh. GL ; Mid. Each of these
forms, verb and participle, is also
heard as a substantive in Mid-
Yorkshire.
Shaft [shaaf t'] ; or Shav [shaav],
sheaf. The first is a Mid- York,
form. The last one is general,
and alone receives the s of the
plural.
Shag [shaag'], a large cut portion
of bread ; Nidd. A ' butter-s/ia^r '
[buot-'ur - shaag] is such a
portion buttered.
Shak [shaak-], a large natural
opening, or cavern ; Nidd.
Shakbag [sbaak'baag], a lazy,
roving person ; a vagrant. Wh.
Gl.; Mid.
Shak' -fork [shaak --fir -k], a straw-
fork. Wh. Gl. ; gen. 'An' there
it hung, like a bag of (on) a
shaW-fork' [Un" dhi'h'r it 4 uong*,
laa'k u baag- uv u shaak--fu"k].
The last part of the compound
has often a medial vowel, fol-
lowed by a trilled r.
Shak'in [shaak-in], the ague ;
Mid. ' He 's at t' warst (at the
worst), like t' third day shaft? in '
[Ee*z ut' t waa'st, laa'k t thaod'
di'h' shaak'in]. Said of a person
whose ill will has culminated.
Shakripe [shaak'raa'p], adj. ripe,
and ready to fall, at a shake, or
shock. Mostly used with refer-
ence to fruit, but freely applied
in a general way. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Shale [shi-h'l, she-h'l (ref.)], v. a.
and v. n. to scale, or separate.
Wh. GL ; gen. Also, substan-
tively.
Sham [shaanr], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to shame ; gen.
Shandy [shaan-di], adj. empty-
headed; crack-brained. Applied,
too, to a lean person. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. With the first meaning,
employed, also, as a substantive.
Shank [shaangk-], v. a. to walk,
or ' foot ' any distance. Shank-
nag [shaangk'-naag-j (Wh. Gl.}
is employed in an identical man-
ner, colloquially. Shank- weary
[shaangk- -wi'h'ri], adj. (Wh. GL}
' ' leg- weary " ; gen.
Shawm [shaoh-'m], v. n. to gather
up a garment so as to admit the
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
121
heat of a fire to the feet and legs.
Shawming- [shaolr'min], sb. a
' warming ' of this nature. Wh.
Gl. ; Mid.
Shearing-hook [shrh'rin-ah'k], a
sickle ; gen. Shear for reap is
general to the north.
Sheep-cade [sheep --kih'd, sheyp--
keh'd (ref.)], a sheep - louse.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Sheet-dance [sheet --d'aans]. Eape
is thrashed on sheets ; the young
workers finding employment in
laying on the produce, while
the men use the flail. When
this labour is ended, merriment
begins ; and, after supper, the
young people resort to the barn,
where there is dancing on the
sheet which has been in use during
the day ; and hence the associa-
tion; Mid.
Sherl [shu-1, shul-], v. a. and
v. n. to slide. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Most used when the act of sliding
involves a trembling motion, as
in sliding any distance preci-
pitately. [Shol-] is also em-
ployed by old people, as in the
Wh. Gl.
Shibbins [shib-inz] ; or Sheabans
[shi-h'bu'nz] ; or Shubbans
[shuob'u'nz], sb. pi. shoe-bands.
The first (Wh. Gl} is a Mid-
Yorkshire form; the remaining
ones are general. The singular
form of each is also in common
use generally.
Shier [shaayh'r], spar. A work-
ing in a mine having a ' sharp,
sparry ' appearance is shlery
[shaayh'ri] ; Nidd. This is a
miner's explanation.
Shilbins [shil-binz] ; or Shilyins
[shil'vinz], sb. pi. the shelvings
of a cart. The singular forms
are also current ; gen.
Shill [shil-], adj. a weather term,
sharply cold. IVh. Gl.; Mid.
Shill [shil-], v. a. and v. n. to
shell, or unhusk. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Shill [shil-, shih-'l], v. a. and v. n.
,to curdle ; to scum. Wh. Gl. ;
Mid. Chiefly in use as an active
verb.
Shill [shil-] ; or Thil [thil-] ; or
Limmer [lim'ur], the shaft of
a vehicle ; gen. ' Shill - horse '
[shil'-aos], the shaft-horse.
Shillock [shil-uk], v. n. to engage
in knitting, or 'tatting,' with
wooden needles, in the case of
articles not requiring to be finely
worked. Wh. Gl. pres. part.,
also heard ; Mid.
Shim [shim-], v. a. and sb. to
mark, as by the slip of an edge
tool; e.g. as when a plane
swerves in a wrong direction.
Wh. Gl. pres. part., also heard:
Mid.
Shine [shaa-n], a shindy. Wli.
Gl. ; gen.
Shinnops [shin-ups], a youths'
game, with a ball and stick,
heavy at the striking end; the
player manoeuvring to get as
many strokes as possible, and to
drive the ball distances. Shin-
noping, for the game in opera-
tion, is given in the Wh. GL, and
this form is also casually heard.
The first form is subject to the
loss of the final s, and becomes
both a neuter and an active verb ;
Mid.
Shiv [shiv-], a particle of husk.
Wh. GL; gen. In Mid-Yorks.,
also shav [shaav]. Shivvy,
and Shavvy, adjs.
Shive [shaa-f, shaa-v], a thickly-
cut or sliced portion of anything,
but chiefly used of bread ; gen.
The Wh. Gl. has the spelling
sharve [shaa'v], but though this
is a generally current pronuncia-
tion in the north of the county,
it is most frequently employed
in connection with the verb, also
common. There is a correspond-
ing usage in southern speech,
122
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
the / being heard when the word
is a substantive, and the v when
a verb. In neither case, as has
been intimated, is the rule a
rigorous one, but it is only de-
parted from by speakers who do
not use the dialect well. [The
Icel. skifa is both v. and sb.,
meaning to slice, or, a slice.
W. W. S.]
Shog [shog-], v. a. and sb. to
shake, in a jerking manner ; also
used in a neuter sense, to jog
heavily, or jolt along. Wh. Gl.
past part., with the first mean-
ing, also heard ; gen.
Shoggle [shog'u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to joggle. Wh. GL; gen.
Shool [shoo'l], v. a. and slightly
as a v. n. to intrude. Shovel
[shuovu'l] is also in occasional
active use with this meaning. It
may be noted, in passing, that
the pronunciation of shovel, sb.,
. is in correspondence with that
of the verb quoted, [shoo'l] being
the commonest form. The Wh.
GL has shooler, for "one who
goes a shooting ; " together with
this participle ; Mid.
Shoon [shoo MI] ; or Shoan
[shuoh-'n]; or Shean [shrh'n];
or Shun [shuon'] ; or Shune
[shiwn], shoes. The four first
forms are heard in Mid- York-
shire, as is the last one occasion-
ally, but this belongs to Nidder-
dale. They are used as freely
in the singular as the plural.
'There's an odd shoe of some-
body's here' [Dhi'h's un' od'
shrh'n u suonrbaod'iz rh'r].
Shoor [shoor], v. a. to make the
noise indicated by a loud utter-
ance of ' shoo ! ' with a forceful
sh and prolonged vowel- sound,
as used in urging on fowl, start-
ling and frightening away birds,
&c. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Shore [shuo-h'r], sewer. This
word is most common to the
south, but is known to the north
through the refined speech of
such places as York, where the
form is [shao'h'r]. The peasant
usually employs drain [d'rrh'n] ;
being very much accustomed to
this word in connection with
operations on the land.
Shorts and owers [sh:uo-h'ts (and
[sh'.u'ts] ref., but common) un
aowh's], a phrase employed sub-
stantively, and equivalent to the
current one (with transposed
terms), ' long times and short.'
WTi. GL ; Mid. ' How long did
it used to take him to comeP'
'Nay, bairn, there was no de-
pendence on him he came at
all shorts and. owers ' [Oo' laang'
did 1 it' yiws tu taak* inv tu
kuo'm? N:e'h', be'h'n, dhu waa
ne'h' pen'duns on' inr i kaam*
ut' yaal' sh:uo'h'ts un' aowh's],
came at all times, 'long and
short/ before being due, and
when over-due. The vowel of
the second form of the first word
is as frequently short in quan-
tity, and is commonly heard too,
though a refined form also.
Shot-ice [shot 1 - (and) shuot'-aa's],
applied to an unbroken surface
of ice. Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Shout [shoot*, shaowt* (ref.)], a
gratulative ceremony on the oc-
casion of a child being born;
Mid. When the birth is looked
for immediately, the neighbours
are summoned, and each attends
with a warming-pan, but this is
not put to any use. After the
event, a festive hour is spent,
when each person is expected to
favour the child with a good
wish. In the eastern part of
the county the same ceremony
is called a sickening [si'h'knin].
Shred [shred'], v. n. and v. a. to
lop, or cut off ; Mid. The word
has the usual meaning of shred,
too, v. a. and sb., and in each
case the vowel interchanges with
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
123
Shrow [shraow], the pronuncia-
tion of shrew ; Mid.
Shut [shuot-J, v. a. and v. n. the
pronunciation of shoot, peculiar
to the word ; gen.
Shut [shuot*], v. a. to get rid of;
gen. ' He could fend for him-
self well enough if he didn't shut
t' (the, for his] addlings in drink '
[I kuod' fen- fur' izsel' weei
uni'h'f if- i did'u'nt shuot' t
aad'linz i d'ringk 1 ], could con-
trive for himself well enough if
he didn't get rid of his earnings
in ale. The preposition on (=o/)
very frequently follows, as in
the Wh. GL, but the vowel in
the verb itself, as exampled there
(Shot-on [shot'-on]) is quite
unheard in the localities to which
the present glossary bears refer-
ence.
Shutten [shuot 'u'n], p. t. of shut ;
gen. In the Wh. Gl. the word
is followed by up, but this ad-
dition is merely permissible.
The ending en is also acquired
when the verb has a varying
meaning : . e. g. to get rid of.
See Shut.
Side [saa'd], v. a. and v. n, to put
to rights, or tidy ; gen. Wh. GL,
side-up, and sided-up, in the
past. The added word, though
common, is not necessary, the
verb being quite as much used
alone, in our own localities.
The verb also becomes siden
[saa'du'n] ; pp. [saa'du'nd], and
these forms have, likewise, a
frequent association with up.
Sideling [saa'dlin], adj. artful
and unstraightforward in dis-
course and manner. Wh. GL ;
gen. Also sideler [saa'dlu], sb.
Sie [saa', sey (ref.)], v. n. and
v. a. to stretch, by a natural
process of expansion, as a new
coat by wearing, grain by soak-
ing, or a door of wood under
certain influences of temperature.
Sie-out [saa'-oot-], Wh. QL, is
a much-used compound, but its
second part may be dismissed at
pleasure; gen. [The original
sense of A.S. sigan is to subside,
to settle down, to sink. See Sie,
sb._W. W. S.]
Sie [saay, saa'], sb. and v. n. a
smallest visible portion or wet-
ting of liquid something less
than a drop, and not more than
a ' touch' ; gen. ' There isn't a sie
left' [Dhur* iz-u'nt u *saa' lift'].
A vessel which has been sub-
merged, and afterwards turned
upside down, for the moisture to
evaporate, has, when dry, ' sied
itself clean' [saa'd itsen' tli'h'n];
and when another drop of tea
cannot form itself on the end of
the tea-pot spout, the liquid is
said to have ' all sied out ' [yaal*
saa'd oot-]. The word is also
used both substantively ', and as an
active verb, with the shade of
meaning in the Wh. GL i. e. as
indicating a very slight appear-
ance of discolouration.
Siff [sif '], v. n. to draw breath,
or inhale, by suction, as when
the teeth are closed, Wh.. GL ;
Mid. Also, substantively.
Sike [saa'k, saaykyseyk* (ref.)],
adj. such. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Siker
[saa'kur, saayk'ur, seyk*ur(ref.)].
The last form, though permissible
independently, is usually fol-
lowed by as, either immediately,
or with the intervention of a
noun. Sike is the form most
usually employed with a sub-
stantive power.
Sike. Variously heard as [saa'k],
[saayk-], [sih-'k], [saeyk'J,
[seyk], [sa'yk'], a watercourse ;
gen. Applied to a natural as
well as to an artificial stream;
the latter usually constructed to
receive the contents of field-
gutters, for discharge into the
river. The three last pronun-
ciations are different forms of
124
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
the refined. [Sa'yk'] is the re-
fined form general to East
Yorkshire. [Saayk 1 ] is the form
general to the county. [Saa'k]
is the Mid - Yorkshire vulgar
form, yet less in use than [sa'yk'J.
[Icel. sik, a ditch, a trench.
W. W. S.]
Sikker [sik-ur], adj. sure usu-
ally associated with this word in
idiomatic phrase, expressive of
emphatic belief. 'I'm sikker
and sure' [Aa-z sik'ur mr srh'r],
certain and sure ; Mid.
Sile [saai, saayl', seyl' (ref.)],
v. n. to strain, or separate by
filtration; to faint; to glide
away bodily. In the first sense,
the verb is also employed actively.
Wh. Of. ; gen. [The vb. sile, to
filter, is derived from A.S. sigan,
to subside. See Sie. W. W. S.]
Sile [saa-1, saayl-, seyl' (ref.)], a
strainer. The milk-sile [milk'-
saa-1] usually answers all pur-
poses, and is a tin or wooden
vessel, wide at the mouth and
narrow at the straining part.
Sile-brig [saai-brig], a wooden
frame to lay across the vessel,
for resting the sile, while its con-
tents are being received. Wh.
01. ; gen.
Simple [sinrpu'l], adj. low-born ;
Mid. Low [lao'h'] is more used.
See Gentle.
Sin [sin-] ; or Syne [s:aa-yn, saa'n],
prep, and adv. since ; gen. The
first form is most usual as a pre-
position, and the last as an adverb,
[saa'n] being the commonest
pronunciation.
Sind [sind-], v. a. to rinse ; Mid.
Sind-out [sind'-oot-] does duty
as a neuter verb, and in the past
is exampled in the Wh. Gl.
Sintersaunter [sin-t'usao-h'nt'u].
v. n. to saunter or pace along
lazily; Mid. Wh. Gl. pres.
part. Some speakers do not
make the f s of this word dental
while others habitually do.
5ipe [saa'p, seyp (ref.)], v. n. to
drain, or cause a last portion of
liquid to drop, as by overturning
a vessel, hanging wet clothes on
a line, &c. Wh. GL ; gen.
Sipper - sauce [sip'u-sao-h's], a
liquid compound of any kind,
taken as a relish to food. Wh.
Gl. ; Mid.
Sipple [sip'u'l], v. a. and v. n. to
sip, continuously ; gen.
Sitfast [sit-faast (and occasion-
ally with the final t dropped)], a
horny sore. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Siz [siz*], v. a., v. n., and sb. to
hiss; to produce a seething noise ;
gen.
Sizeable [saa-zubu'l], adj. fair,
or good-sized ; gen.
Skeel [skee-1], a dairy vessel;
gen. The piggin [see] is usually
employed to ladle, or as a first
receiver. The skeel is a much
larger vessel, and made to con-
tain as much as can be well car-
ried five or six gallons. It is
of a conical shape, with an up-
right handle ; though sometimes
two-handled.
Skel [skel-]; or Skil [skil'], v. a.
to overturn. Also, in some use
siibstantively '. ' It has got a
skil,'oT l skil over' [Its- git'u'n
u skil'] or, [skil- aowh'r] ; gen.
Skeller [skel-'ur, skil'ur] ; or
Skelly [skeli, skill], v. n. to
squint, Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Also
skel [skel'].
Skellit [skel -it, skiKt], a small
iron vessel, with feet and a long
handle, for use on the fire. Wh.
Gl.; Mid.
Skelp [skelp-, skilp-], v. a. to
beat, in any manner, and not
merely " to beat or belabour
with the flat hand," aa in the
Wh. Gl. ' He 's been skelping
on (=of) him wi' t' strap' [Iz'
bin* skel'pin on* im* wit' st'raap*].
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
125
Also, a v. n. (Wh. GL}, to walk,
or run fast ; and a substantive in
the sense before indicated. ' He
gave me such, a skelp ' [I gaa mu
saa'k u skelp ].
Skelping [skel'pin, skiTpin], adj.
applied to anything very large.
Skelper [skel'pu, skil-pu], sb.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Skep [skep-, skip-], "A round
basket, without a bow." Ap-
plied, also, to a basket-hive
' bee-s%> ' [bee--skep]. Wh. Q-l.
Also, to a scuttle, as ' coal- skep '
[kuo'h'1-skep] ; or, to anything
scuttle-shaped, as a ' s&ej>-bon-
net ' [skep-buon'it] ; gen. [Of.
Icel. skeppa, a measure, a bushel.
-W. W. S.]
Skew [skiw], v. a. to propel, or
cast forth obliquely ; to twist, or
wrench. Wh, GL ; gen. Also,
substantively ', in the last sense.
Skilly [skill], adj. having know-
ledge and ability : clever. Wh.
GL ,- Mid.
Skime [sk:aa*ym, skaa'm], v. n.
to glance, with distorted vision,
as in frowning a person down,
or displaying malignant feeling.
Wh. GL ; gen. Also, a substan-
tive. [ ' ' Skima, to look all around ;
of a restless and eager look ; "
Cleasby and Vigfusson's Icel.
Diet. w. w. a]
Skimmer [skinrur], verb impers.
shimmer; Mid. Wh. GL) part,
pres., also used.
Skirl [skill]; or Skel [skel-J,
v. n. and sb, to screech. Wh.
GL; gen.
Skit [skit'], v. n. and v. a, to jibe
or sneer at pointedly ; to cast
reflections. Skittish, [skit-ish],
adj. satirical. Wh. GL ; gen.
Skiwer [skivur], a skewer.
Wh. GL Occasional to Mid-
Yorks.
Skuff [skuof ] ; or Skuft [skuoft-],
sb. and v. a. the nape of the
neck ; to seize, by this part of
the body. Wh. GL ; gen. In
Mid-Yorks., there are the addi-
tional substantive forms skruff
[skruof-], and skruft [skruoft'J,
which are also in some use as
verbs active. Skuft and skruft
are used as verbs to indicate a
beating with the hands or fists,
and the first of these forms is
almost by rule disassociated from
the idea of any scuffle about the
neck, and means nothing more
than hard hitting in any part.
'They began p' scuffing one t'
other ' [Dhu bigaan- u skuoftin
yaan* tidh'u], began to pommel
one another.
Slab [slaab'], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to sway about in bulk, as water
in a pail not full enough to
be carried steadily ; gen. It is
usual to invert a basin, or simi-
lar vessel, in a ' skeel ' contain-
ing milk, or other liquid, or, with
the first slab, there would be a
' blash ower.'
Slabby [slaab-i], adj. slight in
construction. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Slack [slaak-], a name usually
given to the bottom of a small
dale, having little or no level.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Slake [sleh-'k], v. a. and sb. to
daub, or lick, leaving a mark;
to wipe over, and not to cleanse.
Wh. GL; gen.
Slane [sle-h'n, slrh'ri], the smut
of corn. Wh. GL ; gen.
Slape [sla-h'p, slrh'p], adj. slip-
pery. Slape - shod [slih-'p-
shuod], said of the feet when
attempting slippery ground.
Slape-tong-ued [slilr'p-tuongd'],
smooth - spoken, hypocritical.
Wh. GL; gen. In Mid-Yorks.,
slape and slapen [slilr'pu'n]
are employed as verbs active, for,
to sharpen, or give an edge to.
* Slape us that knife' [Sleh-'p
uz' dhaat* naa'f], sharpen me
126
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
that knife. Following slape in
the Wh. Ol, is " slapen, to render
slippery. Country-folks talk of
slapening the insides of their
cattle by giving them oil and
other aperients." The word is
put to this use in Mid-Yorks.,
also. It likewise interchanges
with slape, generally, as an
adjective. [Icel. sleipr, slippery.
W. W. S.]
Slaps [slaaps-], sb. pi. slops. Slap-
py [slaap-i], adj. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Slapstone [slaap-stu'n, slaap--
steh-'n (and) stilr'n], a sinkstone.
Wh. Ol.; gen.
Slare [sle-h'r], v. a. to half clean,
hurriedly. Slary, adj. ( Wh. GL
"sluttish"); gen.
Blaster [sleh-'stu], v. n. to idle
about loungingly, or perform
work in a careless, slovenly
manner. Slasterer [slelr's-
turu], sb. Slastering- [sleh-'s-
t'rin] (Wh. GL); gen.
Blaster [sle 
